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THE
AMERICAN TRAVELLER;
OR
THROUGH THE UNITED STATES.
CONTAINING
BRIEF NOTICES OP THE SEVERAL
STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS,
CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c.
WITH
®aWt8 of Mstmm,
BY STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES.
The whole
Alphabetically arranged, with direct Reference to the
accompanying Map of the Roads, Canals,
and Railways of the United States.
SIXTH EDITION.
BIT H. S. TANNSEc
PHILADELPHIA :
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR,
NO. 309 MARKET STREET.
1840.
t~ ! jo
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839,
By H. S. Tanner,
In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
JOSEPH AND WILLIAM KITE, PRINTERS.
PREFACE.
Encouraged by an increased demand for the American
Traveller, I have been induced to prepare an enlarged and
greatly improved edition of the work ; which now includes a
great amount of fresh information regarding the Western
States and Territories. This will be found to be the case, not
only with respect to the recently organized Territories of
Wisconsin and Iowa, but also, to a large extent, with nearly
all the Western and South-western States, comprehending the
entire Valley of the Mississippi. In some instances the old
descriptions have been either greatly modified or written
anew.
New tables of distances have been added ; fresh accounts
of Rail-roads and Canals have been inserted, and those of an
early date corrected. The entire work, in short, has been
subjected to a thorough and careful revision, and is thus
brought down to the present time, and rendered, I trust,
worthy of that approbation of which the rapid sale of the pre-
vious editions affords the most gratifying evidence.
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION".
Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for the
pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody within
the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much
useful information, as a due regard to the leading object of the
present work would admit. I have therefore omitted all such
details and extraneous matters as would only serve to augment
the size of the volume, without producing a corresponding
increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to
consist of little else than very concise statements of such facts
in relation to the several states, their population, number of
(iv)
counties, area, forms of government, cities, towns, roads,
canals, distances, &c. as would be most likely to prove useful
to, or deserve the notice of the traveller.
Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an
account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes
from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats,
Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to place,
carefully noted.
A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity in or
near the larger towns, will also be found under the head of
each.
With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United States,
the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather more into
details than in the other parts of the work.
Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have drawn
up from the most authentic sources, accounts of those works
which will be found under the heads of the respective states.
Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commence-
ment and termination, and such other facts, as are considered
important in reference to the general system of internal im-
provements in our country.
The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all
the leading towns, roads, canals, &c with the distances from
one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The
numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by the inter-
secting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to corresponding
numbers in the descriptive volume.
By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for
in the other can be found with great facility.
In addition to the information contained in the body of the
map, there are appended to the same sheet, the following sup-
plementary maps, plans, &c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of
Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of
Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Wash-
ington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of
Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Niagara. 11.
Of Albany. 12. Of Pottsville, Pa. 13. Pittsburg. 14. Map
of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louis-
ville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a
more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description
of each of those places in the volume.
H. S. TANNER,
THE
AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c.
*»*©««<«
EXPLANATION.
To find the position of any place on the map, observe the number
in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the name in the
volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map and within
the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for will be
found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, figures which
refer to the index ; thus reciprocally tending to facilitate their use
and application, one to the other.
Abbreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. "Ver-
mont, ft', ass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connecticut.
N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. D. Dela-
ware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia. N. 0. North Carolina. S. C.
South Carolina G. Georgia. F. Florida. Al. Alabama. Miss. Mis-
sissippi. L.Louisiana. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. Tennessee. K.Ken-
tucky. Mo. Missouri. 11. Illinois. In. Indiana. Mic. Michigan.
O. Ohio. Wis. Wisconsin. Io. Iowa. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-
house. R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is
given, according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed.
The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities and
towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road from
Washington to New Orleans be required, turn to the article " Wash-
ington," where will be found the route to Richmond, Va. then to
that of" Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on.
Alabama, state of, (247,) is divided into forty -nine counties,
and contained in 1830, a population of 300,527, including
117,549 slaves. Area 52,000 square miles. Capital, Tusca-
loosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. 11° 12' W.
1*
O ALABAMA.
General Election, first Monday in August. Legislature meet,
fourth Monday in October. Constitution formed, 1819.
Government. — The Governor is elected for two years ; salary
$3500. Secretary of State, $1000 and fees. Treasurer and
Comptroller of Public Accounts, — salary of each, $1000 ; all
elected by the Legislature.
Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two
branches, a Senate and Ilouse of Representatives, which toge-
ther are styled the General Assembly of the state of Alabama.
The representatives are elected annually, and are appor-
tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white
population; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall
short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and
one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number can-
not be more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth the
number of the representatives.
Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court,
in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the General As-
sembly may, from time to time, direct or establish. The
Judges are elected by joint votes of both houses of the General
Assembly, every six years.
The supreme court, which has appellate jurisdiction only,
consists of one chief justice and two associate judges : each
receives a salary of $2,500 per annum. It holds its sessions
at the capital of the state on the first Mondays of January and
June. The circuit court has original jurisdiction in civil and
criminal cases, and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals from
inferior courts; it is composed of nine judges, one for each of
the nine circuits into which the state is divided. Each of the
judges receives $2000 a year, except the judge of the fifth
circuit, whose salary is $1,500. This court is invested with
chancery powers, each judge is chancellor in his particular
district.
Education. — In addition to the numerous common schools
established by the legislature, there are many academies dis-
tributed throughout the state, in which the Greek and Latin
languages are taught along with the higher branches of an
English education.
The University of Alabama, incorporated in 1820, is situated
near Tuscaloosa, and is now in successful operation. La
Grange College, established by the Methodists, is in the nor-
thern part of the state, a few miles from Florence on the Ten-
nessee river. Incorporated in 1830. College of Spring-Hill,
a Catholic institution, occupies a pleasant situation a few miles
ALABAMA. 7
west of Mobile. South Alabama Institute in Perry county,
was opened in 1835.
Military Force — Consists of ten divisions, each under the
command of a major-general ; twenty brigades and eighty-one
regiments. All able-bodied white men, with some exceptions,
from the ages of 18 to 45, are required to perform military
duty. The militia assemble four times a year, two days for
drill, one for regimental muster and one day for battalion
muster. A new organization of the militia of this state is
contemplated.
Physical Structure. — In the northern part of Alabama,
mountains of considerable elevation occur between the valley
of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombecbee, Black
Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash,
hickory, elm, poplar, &c. The central and southern portions
of the state, are nearly destitute of mountains, which wholly
disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are
similar to those in the north, but interspersed with pine, which
increases towards the south, forming, with the long leaved-pine,
cypress, gum, swamp oak, holly, &c. the immense forest which
still exists there.
Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Cahawba,
Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &c.
Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar.
Gold has been found in the northern part of this state.
Internal Improvements. — Consist of a rail-road from Tuscum-
bia to Decatur on the Tennessee river, length 47 miles. One
from Pensacola in Florida to Montgomery on the Alabama :
length 190 miles. One from Montgomery to West Point on
the Chattahoochee in Georgia. Length 90 miles. Of a canal
from Huntsville to Triano on the Tennessee : of a canal from
the head of the Muscle Shoals to Florence on the Tennessee.
Length 37 miles. Rail-roads are proposed to extend from
Daleville to Greensboro, 50 miles. From Erie to Greensboro,
17 miles. From Mobile to the Tennessee river, about 450
miles. From Demopolis to Woodville. From Livingston to
Moscow. From Benton to Haysville, 18 miles.
Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tusca-
loosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, &c.
Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.)
Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C.
Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.)
gia, (304.) Albion, II. (166.)
Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York,
8
ROUTES FROM ALBANY.
contains a population of about 35,000. The principal build-
ings are : the Capitol in State-street. Academy, in which the
lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. City Hall near
the capitol, and about 20 churches, some of which are hand-
some edifices; theatre, museum, public library, several banks,
&c. The canal pier, and basin, deserve particular attention.
Steam-boats, stages and canal-boats depart in every direction
almost hourly.
ROUTES FROM ALBANY.
To New York by Steam
Boats.
Coeymans,
Coxackie,
Hudson,
Catskill,
(thence to Pine Orch-
ard 14 miles,)
Red Hook Landing,
Kingston,
Hyde Park,
Pokeepsie,
Newburg,
West Point,
Peekskill,
Singsing,
Phillipsburg,
New York,
Miles.
13
7 20
8 28
6 34
11 45
10 55
10 65
5 70
15 85
8 93
10 103
10 113
16 129
16 145
To Utica by Rail-Road.
Schenectady,
Amsterdam,
Caughnawaga,
Palatine Bridge,
Little Falls of Mo-
hawk,
Herkimer,
Utica,
16
15 31
9 40
12 52
20 72
7 79
17 96
To Buffalo by Erie Canal.
Troy, 7
Junction, 2 9
Schenectady,
Amsterdam,
Schoharie Cr.
Caughnawaga,
Canajoharie,
Little Falls,
Herkimer,
Frankfort,
Utica,
Whitesboro,
Rome,
New London,
Canistota,
New Boston,
Chitteningo,
Manlius,
Syracuse,
Geddesburg,
Canton,
Jordan,
Weedsport,
Montezuma, (Lake
Port)
Clyde,
Lyons,
Lock vi lie,
Palmyra,
Fairport,
Pittsford,
Rochester,
Ogden,
Adams,
28
46
53
57
69
88
95
5 100
10 110
4 114
125
132
14 146
19
18
7
4
12
19
7
11
7
4 150
4 154
8 162
9 171
2 173
12 185
6 191
6 197
9 206
11 217
9 226
6 232
9 241
11 252
8 260
10 270
12 282
3 285
ROUTES FROM ALBANY.
9
Brock port,
5 290
Beekmansville,
19 45
Holly,
5 295
Cherry Valley,
7 52
Albion,
10 305
Cooperstown,
12 64
Lock port,
28 333
Burlington,
10 74
Pendleton,
7 340
Smyrna,
20 94
Tonnewanta,
12 352
Deruyter,
21 115
Buffalo,
11 363
Truxtun,
10 125
Cortlandt,
13 138
To Buffalo by
Stage.
Ithaca,
21 159
Schenectady, by R.
R. 16
Amsterdam,
16 32
To SacJcefs Harbor, by
Caughnawaga,
11 43
Stage.
Palatine Bridge,
11 54
Utica,
96
Manheim,
13 67
Rome,
16 112
Little Falls,
7 74
Fish Creek,
11 123
Herkimer,
7 81
Redfield,
20 143
Utica,
15 96
Lorain,
16 159
Manchester,
9 105
Adams,
8 167
Vernon,
8 113
Sacket's Harbor,
10 177
Lenox,
9 122
Sullivan,
Manlius,
8 130
6 136
To Ballston and Saratoga by
Rail Road.
West Hills,
Skaneateles,
Auburn,
12 148
14 162
7 169
Schenectady,
Ballston,
16
14 30
Cayug-a,
Waterloo,
9 3 78
8 186
Saratoga, 6 36
(thence to Lake George
Geneva,
6 192
32 miles.)
Canandaigua,
16 208
Bloomfield,
9 217
To Whitehall, by Champlain
Lima,
9 226
Canal.
Avon,
7 233
Troy,
7
Caledonia,
8 241
Junction,
2 9
Leroy,
6 247
Water ford,
2 11
Batavia,
10 257
Mechanicsville,
8 19
Pembroke,
14 271
Stillwater,
4 23
Ransom's Grove,
8 279
Bemus Heights,
3 26
Williamsville,
8 287
Schuylersville,
9 35
Buffalo,
10 297
Fort Miller,
5 40
— __
Fort Edward,
8 48
To Ithaca, by
Stage.
Kingsbury,
5 53
Hamilton,
8
Fort Ann,
7 60
Duanesburg,
12 20
Narrows,
6 66
Esperance,
6 26
Whitehall,
6 72
10
ALB
ALL
To Whitehall, by Stage.
Troy,
Lansingburg,
Waterford,
Mechanicsville,
Stillwater,
Schuylcrsville,
Northumberland,
Fort Miller,
Fort Edward,
Sandy Hill,
Kingsbury,
Fort Ann,
Whitehall,
6
3 9
1 10
8 18
2 20
13 33
35
38
8 46
3 49
5 54
4 58
14 72
To Montreal, by Stage and
Steamboat.
Whitehall, as above,
Ticonderoga,
Crown Point,
Basin Harbor,
Essex,
Burlington,
S. Hero,
Plattsburg,
Chazy,
Isle au Noix,
St. Johns,
La Prarie, by Stage,
Montreal, by Steam
Boat,
a
o
pa
S
ni
o
W
i
72
23 95
14 109
12 121
9 130
15 145
9 154
8 162
li 176
15 191
9 200
17 217
8 225
To Burlington, Vt. via Ben-
nington, Middlebury, §c.
by Stage.
Sand Lake, 11
Berlin,
Warm Spring,
Pownall,
Bennington,
Shaftsbury,
Sunderland,
Manchester,
Tinmouth,
Rutland,
Pittsford,
Brandon,
Middlebury,
Vergennes,
Charlotte,
Burlington,
10
8
4
8
8
8
21
29
33
41
49
57
8 65
18 83
17 100
8 108
9 117
16 133
14 J 47
9 156
13 169
To Boston, by
Union,
Lebanon Spring,
Pittsfield,
Dalton,
Peru,
Worthington,
Chesterfield,
Northampton,
Hadley,
Belchertown,
Western ,
Brookfield,
Spencer,
Worcester,
Farmington,
Brookline,
Boston,
Stage.
n
25
32
37
46
55
60
74
78
14
7
5
9
9
5
14
4
10 88
14 102
5 107
8 115
9 124
21 145
17 162
4 166
Allegheny Portage Rail R. see
Pennsylvania, (130.)
Aldboro Bay, U. C. (75.)
Aldie, Va. (176.)
Allegheny R. Pa. (103.)
Allentown, Pa. (133.) A village situated on the right bank of
the Lehigh, in Lehigh county, six miles S. W. from Bethle-
hem, and fifty-five N. N. W. from Philadelphia. Population
about 1800.
ALTON.
11
Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.)
Alexandria, N. Y. (34.)
Alexandria, Me. (42.)
Alexandria, II. (93.)
Alexandria, Pa. (128.)
Alexandria, Mo. (142.)
Alexandria Canal, see Colum-
bia, (176.)
Alexandria, D. C. (176.) A neat and pleasant city and port
of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies the south-
ern angle of the District of Columbia. Population about 9,000.
The public buildings are, a Court house, six churches, two
banks, &c.
(For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C.)
Alexandria, L. (294.) Alfred, Me. (63.)
Alton, II. (163.) A thriving town of Illinois, on the left
bank of the Mississippi, three miles above the mouth of the
Missouri. Population about 3,000. Its chief buildings are the
state penitentiary, market-houses, several extensive hotels, six
churches, masonic lodge, &c.
ROUTES FROM ALTON.
To St. Louis, by »
Steam Boat.
Ramsay's Creek,
28 67
Missouri River,
3
Clarksville,
8 75
Chateau Island,
9
12
Louisiana,
12 87
St. Louis,
11
23
Saverton,
Hannibal,
18 105
7 112
To New Orleans
, by Steam
Wyaconda,
28 140
Boat.
R. des Moines,
22 162
St. Louis,
23
Fort Armstrong,
117 279
Carondelet,
6
29
Prairie Du Chienne,
149 428
Harrison,
23
52
Herculaneum,
1
53
Stage Route to Vandalia.
St. Genevieve,
31
84
Upper Alton,
2
JBainbridge,
61
145
Cahokia River,
15 17
Cape Gerardeau,
10
155
Shoal Creek,
20 37
Ohio River,
41
196
Vandalia,
21 58
New Orleans,
1077 1273
.
To Carlisle.
To Prairie Du Chienne,
by
Edwardsville,
13
Steam Boat.
Troy,
9 22
Peasau Creek,
9
Clifton,
14 36
Illinois River,
10
19
Shoal Creek P. O.
8 44
Cuivre M
20
39
Carlisle,
9 53
12 ALS
To Springfield.
Woodburn, 16
Carlinsville, 20 36
Girard, 12 48
Springfield, 26 74
ARKANSAS.
To CarroUton.
Lurton's,
Jerseyville, 7
Kane P. 0. 5
CarroUton, 9
12
19
24
33
Alston, S. C. (274.) Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.)
Amboy, N. J. (134.) Amelia I., F. (318.)
America, II. (185.) Amoskeag Canal, see New
Amesville, O. (151.) Hampshire, (62.)
Amhurst, U. C. (74.) Alachua, F. (315.)
Amhurst, N. H. (85.) Anastatia I., F. (330.)
Amhurst, C. H. Va. (195.)
Annapolis, Md. (177.) Capital of the state, and seat of jus-
tice of Anne Arundel county ; is situated on the Chesapeake
Bay, and contains the State House, St. John's College, &c.
Population about 2750. Distant from Washington 40 miles.
Andover, Mass. (85.) Angelica, N. Y. (78.)
Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) Anson, Me. (40.)
Antwerp, N. Y. (34.) Appalachie Bay, F. (327.)
Andersonville, S. C. (252.) Applington, G. (271.)
Arkansas, state of, (220) is divided into 35 counties. Popu-
lation in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves ; in 1835, 58,134.
Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis,
Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Longf. 14° 21' W. General election
in August. Legislature meef every two years. Constitution
formed, 1836.
Government — The Governor receives $2000 per annum, is
elected for four years, but is not eligible more than eight years
out of any period of twelve years.
Legislature. — Consists of a Senate and House of Represen-
tatives, styled the General Assembly ; meets on the first Mon-
day in November. The Senate can never consist of more than
33 nor less than 17 members. The House of Representatives
of not less than 54, nor more than 100 representatives.
Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme
Court, (3 judges,) whose jurisdiction is appellate ; circuit
courts, county courts, and justices of the peace. The official
term of the judges of the supreme court, is eight years ; and
those of the circuit court four years. Justices, who are elected
by the people, hold their offices for two years. The judges of
county courts are chosen by the justices of the peace.
ARK
BAL
13
Physical Structure. — In the eastern part of the territory it
is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, hills begin
to show themselves, and further west the country becomes
mountainous, though level and elevated plains of considerable
extent occur between the ridges.
Rivers. — Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red, &c.
Productions. — Cotton, Corn, Wheat; the Peach, Grape,
Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance.
Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Francis,
Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, Lewisburg, Helena, Jefferson,
Scotia, &c>
Arkansas River, Ark. (242.)
Arkansas, Ark. (243.)
Arlington, Vt. (60.)
Armagh, P. (129.)
Ash, Va. (176.)
Assateague L, Md. (178.)
Asheville,N. C. (232.)
Ashboro, N. C. (235.)
Asheville, Ala. (267.)
Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.)
Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.)
Athens, P. (106.)
Athens, O. (150.)
Athens, II. (164.)
Athens, T. (230.)
Athens, Ala. (247.)
Athens, G. (270.)
Atkins, Va. (213.)
Atlas, II. (142.)
Auburn, N. Y. (80.)
Augusta, K. (170.)
Augusta, Miss. (297.)
Augusta, G. (272.)
Aurora, N. Y. (80.)
Aurora, II. (145.)
Aurora, O. (101.)
Austenville, Va. (214.)
Autauga, Ala. (284.)
Averysboro, N. C. (236.)
Avon, Me. (39.)
Avon, N. Y. (79.)
B.
Balcony Falls Canal, see Vir-
ginia, (195.)
Balize, Lou. (325.)
Back Bay, Va. (219.)
Bainbridge, O. (149.)
Bainbridge, G. (303.)
Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have
long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are re-
sorted to by many invalids and others. The waters resemble
those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impregnated with
the mineral ingredients. There are several good hotels and
private boarding houses, reading rooms, &e. in the village,
which is justly regarded as one of the most pleasant and salu-
brious places of resort in the country.
2
14 BALLSTON. BALTIMORE.
ROUTES FROM BALLSTON.
Saratoga Springs, 6
Saratoga Lake, 6
Schenectady, by Rail R. 14
Albany* « 30
Waterford, by Stage,
Glenn's Falls,
Lake George,
22
25
38
Ballsrille, Va. (196.)
Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, and
the third in point of population in the United Stat s. It occu-
pies a favourable position, and appears to much advantage on
approaching it from the west. The country immediately in
the rear swells into hills, sufficiently elevated to afford an ex-
tensive view of the city and its environs, and to render the
entire landscape particularly attractive. Population in 1830,
80,625. The objects most worthy of attention, are Washing-
ton Monument, at the intersection of Charles and Monument
Streets ; it is surmounted by a colossal statue of Washington,
elevated 163 feet. Battle Monument in Calvert street. Ex-
change in Gay street. City Spring in Calvert street. Peni-
tentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. W. suburbs.
Cathedral ; Custom House ; two Colleges ; University buildings ;
Alms House; Court House; two Theatres; Museum; Water
Works, &c. &c.
ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE,
To Philadelphia, by R
Road,
Philadelphia,
1 95
via Havre Dc Grace
Sfc.
.
Depot,
1
To Philadelphia, by
S. Boat
Back R.
4 5
and Rail Roac
I.
Gunpowder R.
11 16
Fort M'Henry,
3
Bush R.
7 23
Sparrows Pfc.
6 9
Havre De Grace,
12 35
North Pt.
3 12
Charleston,
6 41
Pool's Island,
13 25
Northeast,
3 44
Turkey Pt.
23 48
Elkton,
6 50
Frenchtown,
16 64
Newark Road,
6 56
N. Castle, by R. R.
16 80
Newport,
8 64
Chester, by S. Boat,
17 97
Wilmington,
4 68
Philadelphia,
18 115
Marcus Hook Road,
9 77
Chester,
4 81
To Philadelphia, by
Steam
Gray's Ferry Viaduct,
9 90
Boat and Canal,
Philad'a. R. R.
4 94
Turkey Pt. as above,
48
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BALTIMORE.
15
f Bohemia, 10 58
•3 1 Deep Cut, 5 63
g { St. George's, 4 67
^ J Delaware City 5 72
I New Castle, 6 78
Philadelphia, 35 113
To Philadelphia, by Stage.
Gunpowder V. 14
Abingdon, 10 24
Havre De Grace, 10 34
Elkton, 16 50
Wilmington, 20 70
Chester, 13 83
Philadelphia, 15 98
To Washington, by Stage.
Elkridge Landing, 8
Waterloo, 5 13
Vansville, 10 23
Bladensburg, 8 31
Washington, 6 37
To Washington, by
Boat.
Steam
Bodkin Pt.
13
Herring Bay,
Patuxent,
32 45
32 77
Pt. Lookout,
20 97
Washington's B. P.
31 128
Matthews Pt.
18 146
Cook's Ferry,
Mt. Vernon.
23 169
18 187
Alexandria,
9 196
Washington,
8 204
To Wheeling, Va. by Rail
Road and Stage.
. f Deep Cut, 2
^ J Washington road, 3 5
j§ j Still house run, 1 6
-jj j Patapsco river, 4 10
|g j Ellicott's, 2 12
I Eagle Factory, 2 14
*i
12
3
f Crossing of Patap-
sco,
Sykes,
Gillets run, 6
Parrsville, 5
New Market, 6
Monocacy river, 9
Frederick, 4
(Thence to the Pt. of
Rocks, 11 miles.)
Middletown, 9
Boonsboro, 7
(Thence to Hagerstown,
11 miles.)
Williamsport, 12
Big Spring, 10
Hancock, 17 114
Prattsville, 18 132
Cumberland, 21 153
Mt. Pleasant, 10 163
Petersburg, 25 188
Smythfield, 4 192
Union, 21 213
Brownsville, 12 225
Hillsboro, 11 236
Washington, 12 248
W. Alexandria, 15 263
I Wheeling, 16 279
26
29
35
40
46
55
59
68
75
87
97
H3
O
To Frederick, by Stage.
Ellicotts, 10
Lisbon, 12 22
Poplar Spring, 5 27
Parrsville, 4 31
New Market, 5 36
Frederick, 11 47
To Annapolis, by Stage.
Patapsco R. 7
Indian Landing, 14 21
Annapolis, 9 30
To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage.
Hookton, 6
16
BAL
BED
Reisterstown,
Westminster,
Petersburg,
Gettysburg1,
11 17
12 29
15 44
10 54
To York, Pa. by Stage.
Govanston,
Towsenton,
Golden Ho.
Hereford,
Wisebiiry,
Strasburg,
York,
2 7
7 14
7 21
2 23
11 34
14 48
Baltimore and Ohio Rail
Road. See Maryland,
(156.)
Baltimore and Susquehanna
Rail Road. See Maryland,
(156.)
Baltimore and Port Deposit
Rail Road. See Maryland,
(156.)
Baltimore and Washington R.
Road. See Md. (156.)
Bangor, Me. (41.)
Banister, Va. (216.)
Barataria Bay, Lou. (3Q3.)
Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.)
Barbourville, K. (211.)
Bardstown, K. (189.)
Bargaintown, N. J. (158.)
Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.)
Barnesville, O. (151.)
Barnstable, Mass. (112.)
Barnwell, S. C. (272.)
Bartonville, Mo. (162.)
Batavia, N. Y. (55.)
Batesville, Ark. (223.)
Bath, N.Y. (79.)
Bath Rail Road. See New
York, (79.)
Bath, Va. (154.)
Bath, N. C. (238.)
Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.)
Bays T., N. C. (231.)
Beaufort, N. C. (258.)
Beans Station, T. (211.)
Beaver, P. (128.)
Beaufort, S. C. (290.)
Beardstown, II. (118.)
Beck's Settlement, II. (144.)
Bedford, N. Y. (109.)
Bedford, P. (130.) County town of Bedford Co. Pa. is situ-
ated among the Allegheny mountains, on the main road from
Philadelphia to Pittsburg; 200 miles from the former, and 98
miles from the latter place. Population about 1000. Bedford
has long been celebrated for its mineral .springs, and is a
favorite resort for invalids and others in search of health or
pleasure during the summer season. These springs, which
are used in chronic diseases, generally, contain carbonic acid,
magnesia, sulphate of lime, muriate of soda, carbonate of iron,
lime, &c. The water possesses laxative and sudorific powers
in a high degree, and often act as an emetic. The accommo-
dations here are upon an extensive and respectable scale, and
afford to visiters every convenience found in similar establish-
ments elsewhere.
BEL
BLA
17
Bellair, Md. (156.)
Belle Fontaine, O. (125.)
Belleville, II. (164.)
Bellville, K.(187.)
Bellefonte, P. (131.)
Belfast, Me. (40.)
Bclfont, Ala. (248.)
Belgrade, II. (186.)
Beelersville, F. (312.)
Bellows Falls Canal.
Vermont, (61.)
Belmont, P. (107.)
Belpre, O. (151.)
Belvedere, N. J. (133.)
See
Bennetville, S. C (255.)
Bennington, Vt. (83.)
Benton, Vt. (60.)
Benton, Mo. 185.
Benton, Miss. (280.)
Berkshire, Vt. (37.)
Berlin, P. (154.)
Berges, N. C. (236.)
Berwick, P. (106.)
Berkshire, O. (126.)
Bertrand, Lou. (277.)
Bethany, P. (107.)
Bethania, N. C. (214.)
Bethlehem, P. (133.) In Northampton county, 50 miles
north of Philadelphia. Its inhabitants consist chiefly of
Moravians, whose most extensive establishment is fixed here.
The town is characterized by a degree of neatness and order,
seldom surpassed, which the peculiar regulations and habits of
the people enable it to maintain. It is supplied with water
from the Lehigh, by means of a forcing pump, erected nearly
80 years since.
Beverly, Va. (173.)
BigHatcheeR., T. (225.)
Big Spring, K. (188.)
B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.)
Binghamton, N. Y. (81.)
Blacksburg, Mich. (70.)
Blacksburg, Va. (194.)
Black's R. Ark. (204.)
Black's Bluff, Ala. (299.)
Blackwater, Va. (218.)
Blakely.G. (301.)
Blakely,Ala. (311.)
Blandford, Mass. (84.)
Block I., R. 1.(111.)
Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.)
Bloom field, K. (189.)
Bloomfield, Ind. (146.)
Bloomington, Ind. (146.)
Bloomington, II. (120.)
Blountville, T. (212.)
Blountsville, Ala. (248.)
Boardman, O. (102.)
Boat Yard, or Kingsport, T.
(212.)
Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.)
Bolivar, Miss. (265.)
Bolivar, T. (226.)
Bolton, Mass, (85.)
Boonville, N. Y. (58.)
Boonville, Mo. (161.)
Boonsville, Ind. (166.)
Bordentown, N. J. (131)
Boston, Me. (19.)
Bellows Falls Canal. See
Vermont, (61.)
Belle-plain Rail Road, See
Virginia, (176.)
Blackstone CanaL See Mas-
sachusetts, (85.)
§*
18
BOSTON.
Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, and
the fourth in magnitude in the United Stages. It is situated on
a peninsula, which extends in a north-east direction from the
main land, with which it is connected by several bridges, in
addition to the "neck" so called. Its outline is about five miles
in extent. There are several thriving villages in the neigh-
bourhood of Boston, which may be considered as parts of the
city, though under different municipal regulations.
The principal of these villages are Charlestown, Lechmere
point, the Neck, and South Boston. The objects of interest
in and about Boston, are — Tremont house, in Common st., an
immense hotel, containing 202 apartments. State house, oppo-
site the common, (western part of the city.) Old State house,
Court st. Faneuel hall, in Chatham st. Theatre, Federal st.
Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of Washington in the
state house. Navy Yard, and Breed's hill, rendered memora-
ble by the battle between the British and American forces, on
the 17th of June, 1775, commonly called the battle of Bunker's
Hill.
Besides the buildings devoted to public uses there is in
Boston, an usual proportion of splendid private dwellings,
churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming
altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union.
ROUTES FROM BOSTON.
To Albany by Stage.
Brook! ine,
Farmington,
Westboro,
Worcester,
Spencer,
Brookfield,
Belchertown,
Hadley,
Northampton,
Chesterfield,
Peru,
Dal ton,
Pittsfield,
Lebanon Springs,
Albany,
17
10
11
9
8
19
10
4
14 106
14 120
9 129
5 134
7 141
25 166
4
21
31
42
51
59
78
88
92
To Hartford, by Stage.
Brookline, 4
Dover,
Medway,
Mendon,
Douglass,
Thompson,
Ash ford,
Willington,
Tolland,
Ellington,
Hartford,
11 15
12 27
9 36
12 48
14 62
20 82
2 84
7 91
5 96
14 110
To Providence by Stage, and
thence to New York by
Steam Boat.
Roxbury, 5
Dedham, 5 10
Wrentham, 18 28
Attleboro, 7 35
Pawtucket, 7 42
ROUTES FROM BOSTON.
19
Providence, 3 45
Pawtuxet, 5 50
Newport, 20 70
Point Judith, 14 84
New London Harb. 35 119
(Thence to New London,
4 miles.)
Connecticut R. 14 133
Falkner's Is. 19 152
New Haven Harb. 12 164
(Thence to N. Haven,
4 miles.)
Blackrock, 19 1S3
Southport, 5 188
Oldwell, 8 196
West Greenwich, 16 212
Throgs Pt. 19 231
New York, 16 247
To Taunton, by Stage.
Dorchester, 7
Bridge water, 15 22
Taunton, 12 34
To Barnstable, by Stage.
Quincy,
Weymouth,
Hanover,
Kingston,
Plymouth,
.Sandwich,
Barnstable,
9
6
15
9
24
11
35
6
41
18
59
13
72
To Concord, N. H. and
thence to Montpelier,
Vt., by Stage.
Medford,
Stoneham,
Andover,
Methuen,
Londonderry,
Hookset Falls,
Concord,
Boscawen,
Andover, Vt.
Grantham,
Dartmouth Col.
Stratford,
Chelsea,
Barre,
Montpelier,
4
11
4
16
19
8
10
14
22 114
11 125
16 141
9 150
15 165
9 174
6
10
21
25
41
60
68
73
92
To Portland, Me,
Saugus,
Danvers,
Topsfield,
Rowley,
! Newburyport,
! Hampton,
Portsmouth,
I York,
Wells,
i Kennebunk, Pt.
Saco,
Portland,
To Rutland, Vt.
Cambridge,
Concord,
Groton,
Townsend,
New Ipswick,
Keene,
Bellows Falls,
Chester,
Cavendish
Rutland,
by Stage.
4
14 18
14 32
by Stage.
10
7 17
6 23
8 31
5 36
9 45
13 58
9 67
15 82
6 88
10 98
16 114
To Newburyport, via Salem,
by Stage.
Chelsea, 5
9 41 i Lynn, 5 10
12 53 ! Salem, 5 15
27 80 Beverly, 2 17
20 100 ' Wenham, 4 21
13 113 Hamilton, 2 23
12 125 j Ipswich, 5 28
26 151 [ Newburyport, 10 38
20
BOS
ERU
m Boat.
York Harb. 5 77
4
Kennebunk H. 12 89
6
10
Fletcher's Neck, 12 101
6
16
Cape Elizabeth, 13 114
3
19
Portland, 10 124
Miscellaneous Rovtes by
8
r,
27
Steam Boats.
Fort Warren, 2
Fort Independence, 3
10
37
Long Island, 6
16
53
Pt. Alderton, 10
7
60
The Brewster?, 10
12
73
To Portland, by Steam Boat.
Point Shirley,
Nahant,
Marblehead,
Salem Harbor,
(Thence to Salem,
5 miles.)
Gloucester Harb.
(Thence to Gloucester,
4 miles.)
Cape Ann,
Newbury Harb.
Boar's Head,
Portsmouth Harb.
Boston and Lowell Rail Road.
See Massachusetts, (85.)
Boston and Providence Rail
Road. See Massachusetts,
(85.)
Boston and Worcester Rail
Road. See Massachusetts,
(85.)
Boston, O. (101.)
Boston, N. Y. (78.)
Bowling-green, Va. -(176.)
Bowling-green, Mo. (141.)
Bowling-green, K. (188.)
Bowdoinham, Me. (40.)
Bowerbank, Me. (19.)
Bow Canal. See New Hamp-
shire, (62.)
Boydtown Va. (216.)
Brandon, Vt. (60.)
Brandon, Miss. (280.)
Brattleboro, Vt. (84.)
Brasstown, N. C. (230.)
Brashears, Miss. (280.)
Bridge Town, Md. (157.)
Brunswick, N. J. (134.) An incorporated city, and seat of jus.
tice for Middlesex county, on the west bank of the Raritan river,
34 miles S. W. of New York, and 26 N. E. from Trenton ;
population about 7000. Public buildings are, a Court house,
Bridgetown, N. J. (157.)
Bridgetown, Me. (63.)
Bridge Town, D. 178.)
Bridgetown, Va. (198.)
Bridgewater, Ala. (247.)
Bristol, R. I. (111.)
Brockport, U. C. (34.)
Brockport, N. Y. (55.)
Brookfield, Mass. (84.)
Brooklyn, C. (111.)
Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.)
Brookville, Ind. (148.)
Brookville, Md. 156.)
Brownington, Vt. (37.)
Brownstown, Mich. (73.)
Brownsburg, T. (225.)
Brownsville, P. (120.)
Brownstown, Ind. (168.)
Brownsville, II. (185.)
Browns, G. (250.)
Brownsburg, Miss. (295.)
Brunswick, Me. (63.)
Brunswick, N. J. (134.)
BUFFALO.
21
College, seven Churches, two Academies, a Lancasterian
school, two Banks, &c. and a fine bridge over the Raritan.
The Raritan canal has its eastern termination here, which, with
rail and turnpike roads in all directions, affords extensive
facilities for commercial purposes.
Brunswick, N. C. (256.) Buckstown, Me. (41.)
Bryan C. H., G. (281.) Buffalo, Va. (172.)
Buchannan, Va. (152.)
Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake
Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Pop-
ulation about 16,000. The public buildings are a court-house,
several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &c. Stages, steam-
boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from Buffalo
almost every hour.
ROUTES FROM BUFFALO.
To Albany, by the
Canal.
Erie
Schenectady,
Troy,
18 335
21 356
Tonnewanta,
Pendleton,
11
12 23
Albany,
7 363
Lockport,
Albion,
7 30
28 58
To Albany, by Stage.
Williamsville, 10
Holly,
Brockport,
Ogden,
10 68
5 73
8 81
Ransoms,
Pembroke,
Batavia,
8 18
8 26
14 40
Rochester,
12 93
Leroy,
10 50
Fairport,
18 111
Avon,
14 64
Palmyra,
11 122
Lima,
7 71
Lyons,
15 137
Bloomfield,
9 80
Montezuma,
20 157
Canandaigua,
9 89
Jordan,
15 172
Geneva,
16 105
Syracuse,
Manlius,
20 192
9 201
Cayuga,
Auburn,
14 119
9 128
New Boston,
12 213
Skaneateles,
7 135
Canistota,
4 217
Westbills,
14 149
Rome,
21 238
Manlius,
12 161
Whitesboro,
11 249
Lenox,
14 175
Utica,
4 253
Vernon,
9 184
Herkimer,
15 268
Utica,
17 201
Little Falls,
7 275
Herkimer,
15 216
Canajoharie,
19 294
Little Falls,
7 223
Caughnewaga,
Amsterdam,
12 306
11 319
Palatine Bridge,
Amsterdam,
20 243
22 265
22
ROUTES FROM BUFFALO.
Schenectada, 16 281
Albany by R. Road, ] 6 297
To Niagara Falls, by Stage.
Blackroek, 1
Chippewa, 16 17
Niagara Falls, 2 19
To Niagara Falls, by Stage,
via Manchester.
Blackroek, 1
Tonnewanta, 8 9
Schlosser, 10 19
The Falls, 2 21
To Rochester, by Stage.
Batavia, as above, 40
Bergen, 13 53
Rochester, 17 70
To Erie, Pa. by Stage.
Hamburg, 11
Cattaraugus, 19 30
Dunkirk, 15 45
Westfield, 15 60
Burget's town, 16 76
Erie, 14 90
To Erie, and thence to De-
troit, by Steam Boat.
Cattaraugus, 28
Dunkirk, 13 41
Westfield, 15 56
Erie, 30 86
Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.)
Bulitown, Va. (173.)
Burksville, K. (209.)
Burgettstown, P. (77.)
Burlington, Vt. (36.)
Burlington, N. Y. (81.)
Burlington, N. J. (134.)
Burlington, K. (148.)
Falrport,
74 160
Cleveland,
30 190
Sandusky,
60 250
Detroit,
75 325
To Hamilton, by Stage.
Hamburg, 11
Boston, 12 23
Springville, 10 23
Ellicotville, 16 49
Hamilton, 20 69
To Ithaca,
by Stage.
Aurora,
15
Warsaw,
'26 41
Perry,
Moscow,
8 49
7 56.
Geneseo,
4 60
Dansville,
18 78
Conhocton,
8 86
Bath,
20 106
Jersey,
Salubria,
10 116
15 131
Ithaca,
20 151
To Ithaca, via Batavia and
Cayuga Lake.
Cayuga, as above, 119
Union, by Steam B. 6 125
Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132
Milton, do. 7 139
Ludlowsville, do. 10 149
Ithaca, do. 8 157
Burlington, Ind. (146.)
Burlington, O. (171.)
Burnthorn, Ala. (299.)
Bushville, P. (108.)
Butler, P. (120.)
Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.)
Byron, G. (302.)
Byron, Mich. (73.)
CAB
CAT
23
C.
Canfield, O. (J 02.)
Canton, N. Y. (34.)
Canton, Ind. (145.)
Canton, O. (127.)
Canton, Ala. (283.)
Canisteo, N. Y. (79.)
Cantwell, D. (157.)
Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.)
Cape Ann, Mass. (86.)
C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.)
Cape Cod, Mass. (86.)
Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.)
Cape Flenlopen, D. (178.)
Cape May, N. J. (179.)
Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.)
Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.)
Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.)
Cape Charles, Va. (199.)
Cape Henry, Va. (199.)
Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.)
Cape Fear, N. C. (275.)
Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.)
Cape St. Bias, F. (326.)
Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.)
Cape St. George, F. (327.)
Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.)
Cabin Pt. Va. (197.)
Cadiz, K. (207.)
Cadiz, O. (127.)
Cahawba R., Ala. (267.)
Cahawba, Ala. (283.)
Calcasiu R., Lou. (306.)
Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.)
Caldwell, N. Y. (60.)
Caledonia, Mo. (184.)
Calhoun, T. (230.)
Cambridge, 0.(127.)
Cambridge, Md. (177.)
Cambridge, S. C. (253.)
Camden, Me. (40.)
Camden, N.J. (157.)
Camden and Amboy Rail
Road. See New Jersey,
(134.)
Camden, S. C. (254.)
Campbellsville, K« (189.)
Campbells T. (230.)
Campbells, N. C. (255.)
Campbelhon, G. (269.)
CanandaigUa, N. Y. (79.)
Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.)
Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.)
Canadea, N. Y. (78.)
Carrollton, II. (142.) Seat of justice of Greene county, is
pleasantly situated on the borders of Spring Prairie — is a
thriving place, and is surrounded by a beautiful and fertile
country. Population about 1500.
Carrolton, G. (268.)
Carlinville, II. (143.)
Carlisle, Penn. (131.)
Carlisle, Ind. (166.)
Carlisle, K. (170.)
Carlyle, II. (164.)
Carmi, II. (165.)
Carman, N. Y. (136.)
Carnesville, G. (251.)
Carney, G. (305.)
Cartersville, Va. (196.)
Carthage, N. C (235.)
Carthage, N. Y. (58.)
Carthage, T. (209.)
Casco Bay, Me. (63.)
Castine, Me. (41.)
Catskill, N. Y. (83.)
Catskill and Canajoharie R.
Road. SeeN. Y. (82.)
Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.)
Catletsburg, K. (171.)
Catawba R., N. C. (233.)
24
CAT
CHARLESTON.
Catawba Canals. See S. Ca-
rolina, (254.)
Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.)
Cavendish, Vt. (61.)
Cayuga, N. Y. (80.)
Cayuga Lake, N. Y, (80.)
Cedar Bay, N. J. (168.)
Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.)
Central Rail Road. See
Pennsylvania, (132.)
Centreville, O. (150.)
Centreville, Md. (157.)
Centreville, Va. (176.)
Centreville, K. (187.)
Centreville, Ala. (283.)
Centreville, Pa. (103.)
Centre, N. Y. (81.)
Centre, P. (103.)
Ceres, P. (104.)
Chataugay, N. Y. (35.)
Champlain, N. Y. (36.)
Champlain Canal. See New
York, (60.)
Chambersburg, P. (155.)
Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.)
Chaplin T., K. (209.)
Charleston, N. H. (61.)
Charleston, Va. (155.)
Charleston, Ind. (168.)
Charleston, Va. (172.)
Charleston, S. C. (291.) The metropolis of the state of
South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of
population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, includ-
ing 15,534 slaves. It is situated on the point of junction of
Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer
harbour. The public buildings are : Almshouse in Mazyck
street ; the Orphans' Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church ;
Court-house .and City Hall in Broad street ; Medical College
in Short street ; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street ;
South Carolina Society's Hall ; Hospital in Back street, and
about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid.
ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON.
To Hamburg,
by S. C. Rail Road.
To Woodstock,
Summersville,
Branchville,
Midway,
Black sville,
Aiken,
Hamburg,
To Columbia, by Stage.
Dorchester, 20
Four Holes Swamp, 17 37
Kerrs, 14 51
15
7
22
40
62
10
72
8
90
30
120
16
136
Orangeburg,
Conheim,
Columbia,
25 76
25 101
13 114
To Savannah, Ga. by
Stage.
Guerin's Ferry, H
Parker's, 17 28
Pocataligo, 32 60
Coosawhatchie, 6 66
Hoggstown, 17 83
Savannah, 23 106
ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON.
25
To Savannah, by Steam
Boat.
Fort Moultrie, 4
Coffin Land, 6 10
Stono Inlet, 11 21
So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48
St. Helena So. 3 51
Truncard's Inlet, 21 72
Hilton Head, 4 76
Bloody Point, 18 94
Savannah, 17 111
To Wilmington, N. C. via
Georgetown.
Jones', 33
N. Santee R. 12 45
Georgetown, 14 59
Gr. Pedee R. 26 85
Conwayboro, 15 100
Lit. River Inlet, 27 127
Brunswick, C. H. 24 151
Brunswick, 17 168
Oldtown,
Wilmington,
8 176
8 184
To Fayetteville, N. C.
by Stage.
Quinby Br.
Santee R. 19
Black Cr. 15
Port's F. 34
L. Pedee R. 30
Lumberton, 34
Fayetteville, 32
25
44
59
93
123
157
189
To Cheraw, by Stage.
Bedheimer's,
Monk's Corner,
Gpurdine's F.
Kingstree,
Lynch's Cr.
Darlington,
Society Hill,
Cheraw,
9
25
14
28
19
14
13
24
33
58
72
100
119
133
146
Chardon, O. (101.)
Charlottsville, Va. (175.)
Charlotte, N. C. (234.)
Charlotte, T. (207.)
Chataugay, L. C. (15.)
Chattahochie, G. (269.)
Chattahochie River, Ala.
(301.)
Chattahochie R., G. (250,
Chatham, Mass. (112.)
Chaumont, N. Y. t33.)
Chagrine, O. (101.)
Chehaw, G. (286.)
Chelmsford, Mass. (85.)
Chelsea, Vt. (61.)
Cheeks, T. (211.)
Chemung Canal. See
York, (80.)
Chenango Canal. See
York, (80.)
Cheraw, S. C. (255.)
Cherokee, G. (249.)
Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.)
Chester, N. Y. (60.)
Chester, Vt. (61.)
Chester, N. H. (85.)
Chester, Pa. (157.)
Chester T., Md. (156.)
Chesterville, Me. (39.)
) Chesterville, S. C. (253.)
• Chesterfield, S. C. (254.)
Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.)
Chesapeake and Delaware
Canal. See Md. (157.)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal,
See Md. (157.)
Chicago, 11. (95.)
New Chickasaws, Miss. (245.)
Chichis, Texas, (293.)
New Chicot, Ark. T. (262.)
Chillicothe, 0.(149.)
Chipola F. (314.)
3
26
CHI
CINCINNATI.
Chippewav, U. C. (54.) Chowan Navigation. See
Chiswell, Va. (198.) ^ Virginia, (218.)
Chittenango Canal. See New Christianburg, Va. (194.)
York, (80.) Christianvilie, Va. (216.)
Cholsonville, Va. (217.) Church, N. C. (257.)
Cincinnati, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of
Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (1839,)
is about 42,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public build-
ings consist of, a Court-house in Tenth street ; four Market-
houses ; Bazaar in Third street ; Theatre in Second street ;
Banks ; College in Walnut street ; Atheneum in Sycamore
street; Medical College in Sixth street; Mechanics' Institute
in Walnut street; two Museums, one in Main, and the other
in Fourth street ; Hospital in Plum street ; Lunatic Asylum ;
High school, and about thirty churches.
ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI.
To Louisville, by
Steamboat.
Guyandot,
7 151
Lawrenceburg,
24
Gallipolis,
34 185
Aurora,
4 28
Pt. Pleasant,
3 188
Rising Sun,
7 35
Letart's Is.
29 217
Fredericksburg,
20 55
Belville,
30 247
Vevay,
10 65
Parkersburg,
17 264
Fort William,
10 75
Marietta,
13 277
Madison,
13 88
Newport,
16 293
Westport,
21 109
Sistersville,
17 310
JefFersonviile,
22 131
Elizabethtown,
35 345
Louisville,
1 132
Wheeling,
13 358
Thence to N. Orleans, 1448
Warrentown,
8 366
Miles. See Louisville.
Wellsburg,
6 372
Steubenville,
7 379
To Pittsburg, by
S. Boats.
Favvcetstown,
22 401
New Richmond,
21
Beaver,
19 420
Pt. Pleasant,
5 26
Economy,
9 429
Moscow,
6 32
Middletown,
9 438
Mechanicsville,
3 35
Pittsburg,
11 449
Augusta,
6 41
Ripley,
9 50
To Dayton,
by CanaL
Maysville,
7 57
Reading,
12
Manchester
10 67
Hamilton,
16 28
Portsmouth,
36 103
Middletown ,
14 42
Burlington,
41 144
Franklin,
6 48
ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI.
27
Miamisburg,
Dayton,
6 54
14 68
To Columbus, by Stage,
Reading-,
Sharon,
Lebanon,
Waynesville,
Xenia,
Charleston,
London,
Georgesville,
Columbus,
10
5 15
16 31
9 40
15 55
18 73
11 84
12 96
13 109
Brookvrlle,
Somerset,
Rushville,
Indianapolis,
17 40
11 51
14 65
40 105
To Louisville, by Stage.
Lawrenceville, 23
Madison, 34 57
Louisville, 38 95
' To Greenville, by Stage.
Mt. Pleasant, 11
Hamilton, 12. 33
New comb, 18 41
Eaton, 8 49
Greenville, 28 77
To Indianapolis, by Stage.
Miami, 15
Harrison, 8 23
To Lexington, by Stage.
Newport, 1
Gaines, 12 13
Theobolds, 12 25
Georgetown, 29 54
Lexington, 13 67
To Chillicothe, by Stage.
Newton, 8
Batavia, 15 23
Williamsburg, 8 31
Hillsboro, 28 59
Bainbridge, 22 81
Chillicothe, 18 99
Cinthiana, K. (169.)
Circleville, O. (150.)
Claiborne, Ala. (299.)
Clarksburg, Va. (152.)
Clarksburg, Md. (155.)
Clarksburg, K. (170.)
Clarksville, T. (207.)
Cleveland, O. (101,) is a place of considerable trade, being
situated on the northern termination of the Ohio and Erie
Canal.
ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND.
Clarksville, G. (251.)
Clarksville, Ala. (298.)
Clarktown, N. Y. (109.)
Claytonville, G. (251.)
Clearfield, Pa. (104.)
Clermont, N. Y, (83.)
To Buffalo, by Steam Boat.
Fairport, 30
Erie, 74 104
Westfield, 30 134
Dunkirk, 15 149
Cattaraugus,
13 162
Buffalo,
28 190
To Detroit, by Steam Boat.
Huron, 50
Sandusky, 10 60
Detroit, 75 135
28 cli
COLUMBIA.
To Portsmouth^
by
Canal.
Coshocton,
26 133
Akron,
38
Newark,
40 173
New Portage,
9 47
Bloomfield,
52 225
Massillon,
21 68
Circleville,
11 236
Bolivar,
12 80
Chillicothe,
20 256
New Philadelphia
14 94
Piketon,
24 280
Gnadenhutten,
13 107
Portsmouth,
27 307
Clinton, N. Y. (58.)
Clinton, T. (210.)
Clinton, K. (206.)
Clinton, Lou. (308.)
Clinton, G. (270.)
Clover Ball, Va. (174.)
Clubfoot Canal. See North
Carolina, (258.)
Coal M., Pa. (104.)
Codorus Navigation. • See Pa.
(132.)
Colchester, C. (110.)
Coldcamp, N. C. (256.)
Cochecton, N. Y. (107.)
Coleman, Lou. (307.)
Coleraine, Pa. (148.)
Coleraine, N. C. (218.)
Coleraine, G. (317.)
Coles, Va. (215.)
Coles, N. C. (218.)
Colington, F. (327.)
Coolidge, Ala. (298.)
Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two counties.
Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capi-
tal, City of Washington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other towns,
are Georgetown and Alexandria.
Rivers. — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im-
provements.— Alexandria Canal, extends from the point of
termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at Georgetown
to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Chio Canal. See
Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail Roads. See
Maryland.
Columbia, N. H. (38.)
Columbia, Me. (42.)
Columbia, P. (132.)
Columbia, Mo. (161.)
Columbia, Ind. (1G6.)
Columbia, K. (189.)
Columbia, Va. (186.)
Columbia T. (227.)
Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capital of the state of South
Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New
Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. college,
are the chief buildings.
ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA.
To Charleston, by Stage, via.
Orangeburg.
Gran by, 1
Conheim,
12 13
Orangeburg,
25 38
Kerrs,
25 63
COL
COLUMBUS.
29
Four Holes Swamp, 14 77
Fayetteville,
24 148
Dorchester,
17 94
Charleston,
20 114
To Yorkville, by Stage.
Round Top,
10
To Augusta, Ga., by Stage.
Winnsboro,
19 29
Lexington,
C. H. 12
Chesterville,
25 54
Leesville,
17 29
Yorkville,
22 76
Lumkins,
6 35
(Thence to Salisbury, N. C.
Lotts,
12 47
74 miles.)
Edgefield,
10 57
Augusta,
15 72
To Greensville, by Stage.
Lexington, C. H.
12
To FayeltevUle, N. C, by
Saluda R.
14 26
Stage.
Newberry,
17 43
Colonels Cr
16
Belfast,
16 59
Ferry over
Wateree, 14 30
Huntsville,
8 67
Camden,
2 32
Laurensville,
9 76
Debrules,
12 44
Reedy R.
19 95
Sanders,
12 56
Greenville,
19 114
Black Cr.
9 65
■
Che raw,
22 87
To Winsboro,
29
Boundary,
15 102
— Ruff's Ferry,
39
Laurel Hill
13 115
— N. Edisto River,
22
Lumber R.
9 124
— M'Cord's Ferry,
33
Columbia, N. C. (238.) Columbiana, O. (128.)
Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.)
Columbus, O. (141.) Capital of the state, founded, in 1812.
Population, about 7,000, and rapidly increasing. Public build-
ings : state-house ; court-house ; state offices ; penitentiary ;
deaf and dumb asylum ; theological seminary, &c.
ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS.
To Cincinnati, by Stage.
Georgeville,
London,
12
13
25
Charleston,
11
36
Xenia,
18
54
Waynesville,
Lebanon,
15
9
69
78
Sharon,
16
94
Reading,
5
99
(Cincinnati,
10 109
To Portsmouth, by Stage.
Bloomfield, 17
Circleville, 9 26
Chillicothe, 19 45
Piketon, . 19 64
Lucasville, 13 77
Portsmouth, 13 90
3*
To Athens, by Stage.
Lythopolis, 21
«su
CONCORD.
Green Castle,
4 25
Mt. Vernon,
20 47
Lancaster,
7 32
Loudonville,
24 71
Logan,
17 49
Wooster,
22 93
Nelsonville,
16 65
Jackson,
12 105
Millville,
4 69
Medina,
12 117
Athens,
7 76
Cleveland,
27 144
To Wheeling,
Va. by the
To Portsmouth, by
Canal.
National Road.
Junction,
10
Hebron,
28
Bloomfield,
7 17
Zanesville,
27 55
Circleville,
11 28
Cambridge,
25 80
Chillicothe,
20 48
Fairview,
21 101
Piketon,
24 72
St. Clairsville,
24 125
Portsmouth,
27 99
Wheeling,
10 135
To Cleveland
,by
Canal.
To Portland,
by Stage.
Hebron,
34
Worthington,
9
Newark,
10 44
Delaware,
17 26
Coshocton,
40 84
Norton,
11 37
Gnadenhutten,
26 110
Bucyrus,
26 63
Bolivar,
26 136
Portland,
55 118
Massillon,
12 148
Akron,
33 181
To Cleveland,
by Stage.
Cleveland,
37 218
Granville,
27
'85.)
Columbus Canal
. See Ohio, Columbus, G. (S
(149.)
Competition, Va
. (215.)
Columbus, K. (206.) Coombsville, K.
(189.)
Columbus, Miss.
(265.) Compte, Lou. (293.)
Cornells, Ala. (285.)
Concord, N. H
(62.) Capital of the state of New Hamp-
shire.
ROUTES FROM CONCORD.
To Boston, by Stage.
To Montpelier,
Vt. by Stage.
Hookset Falls,
8
Boscawen,
10
Londonderry,
. 19 27
Andover,
14 24
Methuen,
16 43
Grantham,
22 46
Andover,
4 47
Dartmouth Col.
11 57
Stoneham,
11 58
Stratford,
16 73
Med ford,
4 62
Chelsea,
9- 82
Boston,
6 68
Barre,
'
15 97
CONNECTICUT.
31
Montpelier,
9 106
To White Hills, by Stage.
Boscawen, 10
Bristol, 22 32
Plymouth, 13 45
Thornton, 12 57
Peeling, 11 68
Bethlehem, 19 87
Mt. Washington, 15 102
To Portsmouth, by Stage.
Deerfield, 18
Nottingham, 6 24
Denham, 10 34
Newington, 5 39
Portsmouth, 7 46
Ceudersport, Pa. (104.)
Cornwall, Can. (14.)
Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.)
Conneaught, O. (102.)
Connecticut R. (38.)
Concord, N. Y. (83.)
Concord, N. C. (234.)
Concordia, L. (295.)
Conestoga Navigation. See
Pennsylvania, (132.)
Covington, N.Y. (78.)
Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties.
Population in 1830, 297,711. Area, 5,100 square miles.
Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New Haven.
Lat. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General Election, first
Monday in April ; Legislature meet first Wednesday in May ;
Constitution formed, 1818.
Government. — The Governor is elected annually ; salary
$1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum.
The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and con-
sists of twenty-one senators, and 208 members of the House of
Representatives, elected annually, The pay of the former is
$2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day.
The General Assembly has one staled session every year,
alternately at Hartford and New Haven.
Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court
of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the
legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the
General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior
courts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond
the age of seventy years.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1,1 00 per
annum. The four Associate Judges $1,050 each.
Physical Structure.— The State of Connecticut is naturally
divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and Housa-
tonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, having but
few, if any elevations deserving the name of mountains. The
middle section, or that portion of the state lying between the
Connecticut river on the east, and the Housatonic on the west,
32 COF CRO
is strictly a mountainous region, especially on the N. W. part
of it. The third, or western section is, with the exception of
the southern portion of Fairfield county, composed almost
entirely of hills and mountains, some of which attain to an
elevation of 3,500 feet.
Rivers. — Honsatonic, Saugatuck, Connnecticut, Farming-
ton, Thames, Quinebaug, and Shetucket.
Towns. — Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London
and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Bridgeport, Guilford,
Killingworth, Newton, Stamford, Stonington, Waterbury, &c.
Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small
grains; flax, hemp, &c. &c.
Internal Improvements. — Farmington Canal extends from
New Haven to the north boundary of the state. It is proposed
to continue this canal to Northampton, a further distance of 22
miles; entire length so far as completed 56 miles; Enfield
Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut
river. Length 5J miles. New York, Providence and Boston
Rail Road from Stonington in Connecticut to Providence;
length 47 miles. Worcester and Norwich Rail Road ; length
48 miles. Hartford and New Haven Rail Road, via. Meriden,
35 miles long. Rail-roads are proposed to extend from Hart-
ford to Springfield ; Hartford to Worcester, &,c. &c.
CofFeeville, Ala. (298.) Cowpens, S. C. (233.)
Coteau da Lac, Can. (14.) Conwayboro, S. C. (274.)
Connecuh R., Ala. (300.) Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.)
Connelsville, Pa. (129.) Conyngham, P. (106.)
Constant, N. C. (218.) ' Covington, II. (164.)
Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.)
Coupee, Lou. (308.)
Corydon, (167,) formerly the seat of government of the state
of Indiana.
Coopersport, P. (104.) Covington, P. (105.)
Cote Saus dessein, Mo. (162.) Coeymans, N. Y. (83.)
Coosa, Ala, (267.) Cox's, II. (185.)
Coosa watch ie, S.'C. (290.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.)
Coosa R., Ala. (267.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.)
Cotton port, Ala. (248.) Coshatta Village, Ark. (277.)
Covington, G. (270.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.)
Covington, Lou. (309.) Craftsbury, Vt. (37.)
Covington, T. (225.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.)
Covington, II. (164.) Crocket, N. C. (254.)
CRO
DELAWARE.
33
Croghanville, 0. (99.)
Crooked Lake Canal, see N.
York, (79.)
Cross River, Miss. (296.)
Cr. Keys, Va. (217.)
Croton, N. Y. (109.)
Crown Point. N. Y. (60.)
Crow Town, Ala. (249.)
Crugers T., Md. (155.)
Cuffey T., S. C. (271.)
Culbreaths, S. C. 271.)
Cumberland, Md. (154.)
Cumberland, Va. (197.)
Cumberland, R., K. (207.)
Cumberland R., K. & T.
(209.)
Cumberland I., G. (318.)
Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.)
Cumberland and Oxford
Canal, see Maine, (63.)
Cunningham Id. O. (100.)
Currituck Inlet, N. C. (219.)
Curwinville, P. (104.)
Cuthbert, G. (302.)
D.
Duguidsville, Va. (195.)
Dalesville, Ala. (30.1.)
Dallas, T. (229.)
Damascus, O. (98.)
Damascus, P. (107.)
Dan Navigation, see Virginia,
(215.)
Danbury, C. (109.)
Danbury, N. C. (215.)
Danby, Vt. (61.)
Dandridge, T. (231.)
Danielsville, G. (251.)
Danville, P. (132.)
Dansville, N. Y. (79.)
Danville, Vt. (37.)
Danville, II. (121.)
Danville, K. (190.)
Danville, Va. (215.)
Darlington, S. C. (255.)
Darlington, C. H., S. C. (256.)
Darien, G. (305.)
Davidsonville, Ark. (204.)
Davis, Va. (217.)
Dayton, O. (148.)
Decatur, II. (144.)
Decatur, G (269.)
Dedham, Mass. (85.)
Defiance, O. (98.)
Delaware, state of, (157,) is divided into three counties.
Population, 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 square
miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; Lat. 39°
44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General election, first Tuesday in
October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, bien-
nially. Constitution formed, 1792.
Government. — Governor, term of office four years ; elected
by the people; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time.
Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of
Representatives composed of twenty-one members.
Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal;
a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphans' court ; a
court of oyer and terminer ; and some other minor courts.
Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this
state are level. In the northern part of New Castle county
34
DEL
DETROIT.
hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most remark-
able features in the natural geography of the state, is the noted
swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, from which
the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and
Delaware on the East.
Rivers. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion Duck, Brandywine,
and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, Nantikoke
river which flows into Chesapeake Bay.
Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay-Hook Islands.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buck-
wheat, &c.
Toions. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City,
Milfoid, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c.
Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware Canal
from Delaware to Bohemia; length 13 63-100 miles. New
Castle and Frenchtown Rail Road extends from New Castle
to Frenchtown ; length 16 I9rl00 miles. A rail-road to ex-
tend from Wilmington to Downingtown in Pennsylvania, and
one from Wilmington through the centre of the state to its
southern border, are proposed.
Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.)
Delaware R., P. (134) Delphi, Ind. (122!)
Pelaware Bay, N. J. (157.) Demopolis, Ala. (283.)
Delaware, Va; (198.) Demints, II. ( 1 65.)
Delaware and Raritan Canal, Denton, Md- (1?8.)
see N. Jersey, (134.) Denny ville, Me. (42.)
Delaware and Raritun Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.)
see N. Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.)
Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.)
Detroit, Mich. (74.) This is the present capital of the state
of Michigan. Its population is now (1839,) about 10,000.
Founded by the French in 1670. The public buildings are, a
legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, stale peni-
tentiary, theatre, museum, &c.
ROUTES FROM DETROIT.
To Cincinnati,
by Stage.
Hardin,
31 136
R. Rouge,
6
Bellefontaine,
22 158
Brownstown,
10 16
West Liberty,
8 166
Monroe,
19 35
Urban a,
11 177
Perrysburg,
30 65
Springfield,
14 191
Finley,
40 105
Yellow Springs,
9 200
ROUTES FROM DETROIT.
35
Xenia,
Waynesville^
Lebanon,
Reading-,
Cincinnati,
9 209
15 224
9 233
21 254
10 264
To Buffalo, by Steam Boat.
Sandwich,
Fighting Island,
Grosse I.
Amherstburg,
Middle Sister,
Bass I.
Sanduskyj
Cleveland,
Fairport,
Erie, Pa.
Westfield,
Dunkirk,
Cattaraugus,
Buffalo,
5
7
4
20
17
19
15
19
39
56
75
60 135
30 165
74 239
30 269
15 284
13 297
28 325
To Chicago, by Stage.
R. Rouge,
Ypsilanti,
Jackson,
Jonesville,
Factory,
Post O. St. Joseph's
River,
Edvvardsville,
Calamic River,
Chicago,
10
18 28
11 39
47 86
16 102
50 152
20 172
81 253
14 267
To Chicago, via Montcalm.
Schwartzburg, 20
Dexter, 29 49
Montcalm, 25 74
Kalmazoo, 63 137
Mouth of St. Joseph, 47 184
Chicago by Steam B. 64 248
To Chicago, by
Boat.
Grants Pt.
Horsons I.
Cottrellvillej
Palmer,
Bunceville,
Fort Gratiot,
White Rock,
Pt. au Barques,
Thunder Island,
Middle I.
Presque I.
Mackinaw^
Beaver I.
Manitou I.
Chicago*
Steam
18
12
6
7
12
30
38
50
56
63
42 105
35 140
30 170
25 195
60 255
55 310
45 355
35 390
250 640
To Ft. Howard, Green Bay,
by Steam Boat.
Beaver I. as above, 355
I. Brule, 30 385
G. Traverse, 10 395
Chambers I. 25 420
Green I. 15 435
Fort Howard, 40 475
To Saginaw, by Stage.
Pontiac, 24
Indian Vil. 35 59
Saginaw, 34 93
To Fort Gratiot, by Stage.
Mt, Clemens, 20
Palmer, 26 46
Bunceville, 6 52
Ft. Gratiot, 7 59
Dickinsonville, Va. (212.)
Dismal Swamp Canal. See
Va. (218.)
Dittos, Ala. (248.)
Dixmont, Me. (40.)
Dixon's F., II. (93.)
36
DOA
EASTON.
Doaks, Miss. (280.)
Dobson,N. C. (214.)
Doby Inlet, G. (305.)
Doctortown, G. (305,)
Dagsboro, D. (178.)
Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.)
Dorchester, S. C. (290.)
Dorchester, L. C. (15.)
Dover, N. H. (63.)
Dover, capital of the state of
Delaware, (157.)
Dover, Va. (197.)
Dover, T. (207.)
Downing T., Pa. (133.)
Doylestown, Pa. (133.)
Drehr's Canal See S.C. (253.)
Drummondton, Va. (199.)
Dresden T. (206,)
Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.)
Dublin, G. (288,)
Duerville, N. Y. (36.)
Duktsburg, P. (133.)
Dumfries, Va. (176.)
Dumfries, Ala. (298.)
DundaiF, P. (107.)
Dunkirk, Va. (197.)
Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.)
Dunn, Ala. (266.)
Duplin, C. H.,N.C. (257.)
D wight, Ark. T. (221.)
Dyersburg, T. (225.)
E.
Eastport, Me. (42.) Earleysburg, Pa. (13 1 .)
East Andover, Me. (39.)
Easton, Pa. (133,) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of
Northampton county, situated at the junction of the Lehigh
with the Delaware, 56 miles N. of Philadelphia. It contains
a court house, jail, academy and two banks, five churches,
Lefayette college, academy, bridges over the Delaware and
Lehigh, library, &c, with a population of about 4000.
ROUTES FROM EASTON.
To Mauch Chunk, by Canal.
Bethlehem,
Allentown,
Berlin,
Lehighton,
Mauch Chunk,
5
11
14
4
12
17
28
42
46
To Bristol, by Penn. Canal.
Raubsville, 5
Monroe, 6 11
Erwentown, 9 20
Lumberville, 9 29
New Hope, 6 35
Taylorsville, 8 43
Yardleyville, 3 46
Morrisville,
Tullytown,
Bristol,
4 50
5 55
5 60
To Jersey City, by Morris
Canal.
Hacket's, N. J.
Dover,
Boon ton,
Paterson,
Newark,
Jersey City,
26
20 46
10 56
16 72
14 86
14 100
To Reading, by Stage.
Bethlehem, 10
EAS
EXE
37
Allentown,
Trexlersville,
Kutztown,
Reading-,
6 16
8 24
9 33
17 50
To Wilkesbarre, by Stage.
Wind Gap, 13
Stoddartsville, 27 40
Wilkesbarre, 18 58
To New York, by Stage.
Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26
Morristown, 21 47
Newark, 19 66
New York,
10 76
Easton, Md. (178.)
East Fork, Irid. (167.)
Eaton, O. (148.)
Eatonton, G. (270.)
Ebenezer, G. (280.)
Ebensburg, P. (130.)
Edenton, N. C. (218.)
Edgar Town, Mass. (112.)
Edgefield, S. C. (272.)
Edington, Me. (41.)
Edinburg, G. (252.)
Edisto R., S. C. (273.)
Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.)
Edwardsville, II. (164.)
Eddy ville, K. (187.)
Egnice, N. C. (215.)
Elba,N. Y. (36.)
Elberton, G. (252.)
Elizabeth L, Mass. (112.)
Elizabethtown, N.J. (134.)
Elizabethtown, K. (189.)
Elizabeth, Mo. (162.)
Elizabeth, N. C. (256.)
Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.)
Elkton, T. (227.)
Elkton, Md. (157.)
Elkton, K. (207.)
Elkhart Grove, II. (143.)
To Philadelphia, by Stage.
Ottsville, 17
Doylestown, 15 32
Willow Grove, 11 43
Philadelphia, 13 56
To Trenton, N. J., by Stage.
Bloomsbury, N. J. 8
Flemmington, 19 27
Pennington, 16 43
Trenton, 8 51
Ellicott, Md. (156.)
Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.)
Ellis, N.C. (256.)
Ellisville, Miss. (297.)
Edisto I., S. C. (290.)
Elms, S. C. (290.)
Elmore, Vt. (37.)
Elyria, O. (100.)
Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.)
Elyton, Ala. (267.)
Emporium, Pa. (104.)
Enfield Canal, see Ct. (110.)
Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.)
Epels, S. C. (254.)
Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.)
Erie, Ala. (283.)
Ernesttown,U.C.(33.)
Erie, Pa. (76.)
Errol, N. H. (38.)
Essex, N. Y. (36.)
Estelsviile, Va. (212.)
Etowah, G. (250.)
Etowah R., G. (250.)
Euphrata, Pa. (132)
Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.)
Evansville, Ind. (166.)
Evansham, Va. (21-3.)
Exeter, N. H. (86.)
38 FLORIDA.
F.
Fairfield, C. (109.) Farmville, Va. (196.)
Fairfield, 11. (165.) Fayetteville, N. C. (236.)
Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fayetteville, T. (228.)
Fairfax, Va. (1 75.) Fayetteville, Ala. (266.)
Fairfax, Va. ( 1 76.) Fayetteville, G. (269.)
Fairhaven, O. ( 1 00.) Finley, O. (99.)
Fairview,0.(127.) Fmcastle, Va. (195.)
Falmouth, K. (169.) Fish house, N. Y. (59.)
Falmouth, Mass. (1 12.) Fishkill, N. Y. (109.)
Fannetsburg, Pa. (131.) Fisher's I., C. (110.)
Farmington, Ct. (1 10.) Flat Rock, Pa. (153.)
Farmington Canal., See Ct. Flemington, N. J. (134.)
(108.) Flemingsburg, K. ( 1 70.)
Farmington, Mo. (1 84.) Flint River, G. (302.)
Farringtcn, II. (118.)
Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 20
counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 55,680
square miles.
Government — The governor is appointed by the president,
by and with the advice and consent of the seriate : — salary,
$2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500.
The legislative council consists of twenty-seven members,
elected annually by the people, on the second Monday in Octo-
ber, and meets annually (at Tallahassee,) on the first Monday
in October.
Judiciary. — There are five judges, appointed by the Presi-
dent and Senate — one for each of the five districts into which
the territory is divided. The salary of the judges is $1800
per annum, each, except the judge of the Southern District,
who receives $2,300 a year.
Physical Structure.— The entire Territory of Florida, with
the exception of a small portion west of the Appalachicola, is
remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. No elevation
deserving the name of mountain, nor any hill exceeding 300
feet in height, is to be found. In the vicinity of Toloso, a
limestone ridge occurs, merely sufficient to give motion to the
waters. Natural bridges, common to limestone regions, abound
in this section of the territory. Proceeding southward, the
ridge just mentioned becomes more depressed, until it reaches
the source of the Oclawaha, where it disappears entirely, though
si:nilar geological features may be traced several miles further
8-Uth. All below the 28° of N. lat. consists of flat lands, sub-
FLO
FRA.
39
ject to occasional, and a large portion of it, to constant sub-
mersion.
Rivers. — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Choctawhat-
chie, Appalachicola, Oclackonnee, Suwannee, St. Mary's, With-
lacooche, &c.
Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. Andrews,
Appalachee, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gallivans, and Chatham on,
the Gulf.
No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the
territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &,c, resemble
bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely expanded rivers,
and cannot with propriety be called bays.
Productions.— Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, Indian
corn, &c, together with a great variety of garden vegetables.
Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital ; Pensacola, St. Augustine,
Alaqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monlicello, Jack-
sonville, &c.
Florida, F. (312.)
Florida, Ala. (298.)
Florence, Ala. (247.)
Fords, Miss. (297.)
Forsyth, G. (270.)
Forlin, Lou. (309.)
Fort Gratiot, Mich. (51.)
Fort St. Mary, O. (124.)
Fort Amanda, O. (124.)
Fort Recovery, O. (124.)
Fort Portage, O. (99.)
Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.)
Fort Dearborn, II. (95.)
Fort Edwards, II. (117.)
Fort Erie, U. C. (77.)
Fort Brown, O. (98.)
Fort Necessity, O. (125.)
Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.)
Fort Early, G. (286.)
Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.)
Fort Strother, Ala. (267.)
Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.)
Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.)
Fort Williams, Ala. (267.)
Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.)
Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.)
Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.)
Fort Lawrence, G. (286.)
Fort Minims, Ala. (299.)
Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.)
Fort Dale, Ala. (300.)
Fort James, G. (304.)
Fort Gaines, G. (301.)
Fort Scott, G. (315.)
Fort Barrington, G. (305.)
Fort Boy er, Ala. (311.)
Fort St Philip, Lou. (324.)
Fowl, T. (314.)
Francestown, N. H. (85.)
Franconia, N. H. (38.)
Franklin, Pa. (103.)
Franklin, Va. (174.)
Franklin, Ind. (147.)
Franklin, K. (208.)
Franklin, T. (228.)
Franklin, N. C. (231.)
Franklin, G. (269.)
Franklin, Miss. (295.)
Franklin, Lou. (322.)
Frank! intown, Lou. (309.)
Franklinville, G. (316.)
Frankfort, II. (186.)
40
FRA
GALENA.
Frankfort, Ind. (122.)
Frankfort, Va. (194.)
Frankfort, capital of Ken-
tucky, (169.)
Franktown, Va. (199.)
Fraser, N. G, (2i7.)
Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.)
Fredericksburg, Va. (176.)
Fredericktown, Md. (155.)
Fredericktown, Mo. (184.)
Fredericktown, O. (126.)
Fredonia, N. Y. (77.)
Fredonia, O. (167.)
Freehold, N.J. (134.)
Freeport, Pa. (129.)
Freeport, Me. (63.)
Frenchmans B., Me. (41.)
French T., Miss. (311.)
Friendsville, Pa. (106.)
Fulsoms, Miss. (265.)
Fryburg, Me. (62.)
Foxboro, Mass. (85.)
G.
Gainsville, G. (251.)
Galvezton, L. (309.)
Galena, 11.(66.) Seat of justice of Jo Davies county, and
the centre of an extensive lead region, in Illinois. Population
about 2,000.
ROUTES FROM GALENA.
To St. Louis, by Steam
Boat.
Mississippi River, 4
Apple Creek, 14 18
Rush Creek, 8 26
Plum Creek, 10 36
Maradozia, 10 46
Fort Armstrong, 24 70
Copper Creek, 26 96
Fort Edwards, 100 196
Hannibal, 41 237
Louisiana, 25 262
Illinois River, 72 333
Missouri River, 17 351
St. Louis, 20 371
To Prairie du Chi en.
N. boundary of II.
Gallipolis, O. (171.)
Gallatin, T. (208.)
Gandysville, Va. (153.)
Gap, N. H, (38.)
Garland, Me. (40.)
17
L. Platte, Cr.
Grant, Cr.
Cassville,
Prairie du Chien,
7 24
6 30
14 44
24 68
To Fort Winnebago, by land.
Gratiot's Grove, 15
Dodgeville, 30 45
Moundville, 14 59
Fort Winnebago, 54 113
To Chicago, by land, 169
To Vandalia, by land.
Rock River, 65
Peoria, 76 141
Springfield, 65 206
Vandalia, 55 261
Gasconade, Mo. (162.)
Gasconade R., Mo. (182.)
Gasaways, II. (186.)
Gates C. H., N. C. (218.)
Gatewoods, 11. (166.)
GEORGIA. 41
Genereau, Mich. (49.) Georgetown, O. (170.)
Geneseo, N. Y. *(79.) Georgetown, D. (178.)
Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.)
Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, G. (271.)
Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, K. (169.)
Georgetown, D. C. (176.)
Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety-
nine counties. Population, 516,567, including 217,470 slaves.
Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital Milledgeville. Metropolis,
Savannah, Lat. 32° 03' N., Lon. 4° 03' W. General election,
first Monday in October. Legislature meet first Monday in
November. Constitution formed, 1798.
Government. — -The Governor is elected by the people, for
two years ; salary $4,000. The legislative power is vested in
a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the General
Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually,
on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday
in November. One senator is elected for each county, and
the number of representatives is in proportion to population,
including three-fifths of all the people of colour ; but each
county is entitled to at least one but not more than four.
Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of which are elected
by the legislature, for three years, and receive annually $2,100
each. The justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the
peace, are elected quadrennially by the people.
Physical Structure. — Nearly two-thirds of the state, on the
south-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of moun-
tains. North-west of the great road leading from Augusta to
Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in
elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean
altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which con-
tains the gold region, is suddenly terminated by the Blue
Ridge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those
of the Coosa, &.c.
Rivers. — Coosa, Chattahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla,
Alatamaha, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogechee and Savannah.
Productions. — Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, and
fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold and some other
minerals.
Internal Improvements, consist of a Rail Road partly fin-
ished, and in use from Savannah to Macon, length about
200 miles. One from Macon to Forsyth, now in progress,
length 25 ; an extension of this road of 60 miles, to meet the
4*
42
GER
GRE
Western and Atlantic rail-road is contemplated. One from
Decatur, in De Kalb county, to Chatanooga on the Tennessee,
now progressing, length 120 miles. One from Augusta to
Athens, Madison and Greensboro, respectively; 84 miles of
this road, from Augusta to Greensboro, are now in use, and in
a short time 20 miles more to Madison will be completed.
This road will be extended from Greensboro, and united to the
Western and Atlantic rail-road at Decatur.
A rail-road; from Macon to Columbus, and thence to West
Point, on the Chattahooche ; one from the head of steam-boat
navigation of the Ocmulgee, to that of Flint river ; and one
from Brunswick on the Atlantic coast, to a point in Florida
not yet determined, are proposed.
The canals are the Savannah and Ogechee canal, which
commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee a
short distance above the mouth of the Cannouchee. An
extension of this work of 60 miles is proposed to the Alata-
maha ; and one from Brunswick to the Alatamaha, length 12
miles.
Towns. — Savannah, Milledgeville, Augusta, Darien, Macon,
Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greensboro,
Sparta, &c.
Germantown, Pa. (133.)
German town Va. (195.)
Germantown, N. C. (238.)
Germantown, N. C. (214.)
Gettysburg, Pa. (155.)
Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (54.)
Gibsonport, Miss. (295.)
Gilboa, N. Y. (82.)
Gilead, II. (142.)
Gilford, N. H. (62.)
Gilmantown, N. H. (62.)
Gloucester, Mass. (86.)
Gloucester, Va. (198.)
Glasgow, K. (189.
Golconda, II. (186.)
Goldboro, Me. (41.)
Gold Region, G. (250.)
Good, N. C. (233.)
Gorham, Me. (63.)
Goshen, N. Y. (108.)
Governeur, N. Y. (34.)
Grand Lake, Me. (21.)
Grand Id., U. C. (33.)
Grand R., Mich. (71.)
Granger, O. (101.)
Granville, Mass. (84.)
Gratz, Pa. (132.)
Gr. Egg Harbour, N. J. (158.)
Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.)
Gr. Ogechee R., G. (285.)
Greensboro, Vt. (37.)
Greensboro, G. (270.)
Greensboro, Ala. (283.)
Greensburg, Pa. (129.)
Greensburg, Ind. (147.)
Greensburg, K. (189.)
Grecnupsburg, K. (171.)
Greenville, II. (164.)
Greenville, Miss. (295.)
Greenville, S. C. (252.)
Greenville, K. (187.)
Greenville, O. (124.)
GRE
HAR
43
Greenville, Ind. (168.)
Greenville, Mo. (184.)
Greenville, T. (212.)
Greenville, N. C. (237.)
Greenville, Mis. (295.)
Greenfield, Mass. (84.)
Greenfield, Ind. (147.)
Greenfield, O. (149.)
Greensville, Va. (213.)
Greensville, Ala. (300.)
Green River, K. (187.)
Greene C. H., Miss. (298.)
Greene, N. Y. (81.)
Greencastle, Ind. (146.)
Greencastle, P. (155.)
Greenock, Ark. (224.)
Grinders, T. (227.)
Grabb, Lou. (294.)
Guildhall, Vt. (38.)
Guyandot, Va. (171.)
H.
Haddam, Con. (110.)
Haddensville, Va. (196.)
Hadley (south) Canal. See
Massachusetts (84.)
Hagerstown, Md. (155.)
Halifax, P. (132.)
Halifax, N.C. (217.)
Hallowell, Me. (40.)
Halls, N. C. (235.)
Hamburg, N. J. (108.)
Hamburg, Pa. (133.)
Hamburg, S. C. (272.)
Hamilton, N. Y. (78.)
Hamilton, O. (148.)
Hamilton, Miss. (280.)
Hamilton, Lou. (278.)
Hampton, Va. (198.)
Hampton, N. J. (158.)
Hampton, Lou. (309.)
Hanbyville, Ala. (267.)
Hancocks T., Md. (154.)
Hannas,N.C. (235.)
Hanover, N.H. (61.)
Hanover, Va. (197.)
Hardin, O. (124.)
Hardin, O. (125.)
Hardinsburg, K. (188.)
Hardinsville, (226.)
Hardwich, Mass. (84.)
Hartford, Md. (156.)
Hargroves, Ala. (267.)
Harlaem canal, see N. Y. (135.)
Harlaem Rail Road, see New
York, (135.)
Harleesville, S. C. (255.)
Harmony, Me. (40.)
Harmony, Pa. (128.)
Harmony, Ind. (166.)
Harperfield, N. Y. (82.)
Harpersfield, O. (101.)
Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.)
Harpshead, K. (187.)
Harrington, Me. (42.)
Harrisburg, Pa. (132.)
Harrisburg, T. (225.)
Harrisonburg, Va. (175.)
Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.)
Harrisville, Va. (217.)
Harrisonville, II, (163.)
Harrodsburg, K. (190.)
Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and
next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state ; popu-
lation 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the State House,
Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum,
College, and several splendid churches,
•II
HARTFORD.
IUHJTHH L'KOM IIAKTFOIil).
I a (VffU I lit rr n, hi/ .SYii.'w .
INI «• w 1 1 1 • ■ 1 1 »i i.
Win lliuivlim,
IMci iilrn,
Walllngfbrdj
Noilli I limn,
New MllVill,
6
L9
is
:ti
86
'/;. IViru iiiv<n,vi,, Middle
town, hi/ IStin'c.
Stepney, s
IMi.l.llrluwii, 8 16
I >n rl in 1 1 1 , 7 98
Northftod, h 8J
NOW llavrii, 10 II
'/;» Boiton, by Stagtt
I -1 1 1 1 !-• ton.
Tollund,
VV Llllngton,
-\ ■ . 1 1 1 , > i « i ,
"homo ■•i»n,
DlHI^'lllNH,
IMcihIuii,
!Mr,lu.,N,
Dover,
Ivitiiiklvilf,
Doilon,
7
12
"it
II
L9
!l
I '
II
I
I I
l!l
B6
88
18
c >
■< i
83
95
106
110
'lh 1'inndnicr, hi/ Stnr;r.
A -III, M.I, U ;lU>\r,
Pomfrot, ll ti>
Kill. ,.,.>, (j |S
Providence, 98 71
'/;> \,tr l.i>n,ii>ti,h,/ St, ir.r.
< llai itonbui \ , 7
Marlboro, 1 1 is
< »olohoit< i , 8 96
NVw Salem,
Cheiterfield,
New Londoi)|
8 :<!>
7 48
'l)> Spring/it Id, hi/ Wmir.
Wni.l.oi, 7
Warohouia Pfc. 7 14
Enfield, i is
Springfield, io 128
'/'a Wmri sin , hi/ $ltt!> r,
Tolland,
8tuttbrd Spr. H
Stafford Oh, 12
Slurbrldgo, 123
Charlton, 10
Worooiter, io
7b S,ilishui i/, hi/ Stnyr.
I!)
97
99
59
69
712
Northington,
i lanton,
V\ Inited,
Norfolk,
iM. ( ianaan,
Salisbury,
19
10
!)
II
96
86
ll
is
To I itrhjicld, hi/ Stag*,
Firmington, 10
Burlington, 9 19
ii.hu 'in ton, 7 96
Litohfleld, 8 84
7(» Ihinhury, hy Sluor.
Farmington,
Drlatol, 7
Plymouth, (»
Watortown, 7
Woodbury, <
i\c\\ (own, l.r>
Danbury, u
10
17
123
so
37
59
ii a it ILL 45
Hartfbrd, K. (1880 Hogton, N. O,(fl370
Hartford, N. C, (218.) Hollldayiburg, Pa. (180.)
Hartibrd, G. (287 I Hoimee, P, (814,)
Harteville, T. (80s I Holmeeville, Mi« (908.)
Harwiek, Man, (J 120 Holmeiville, <; (804.)
Hauppage, N. v. (185.) Holeton, R,, V;.. (918.)
Havana, a i.i. (246») Hooktet Oanalt aee N. Hanip
Haverhill, N. n. (37.) ihiro, (82 I
Havre Dc Grace, Md. (158.) Hoof Inn, N. O. (288.)
Hay*boro,T. (208.) Hope, N.J, (184 )
Hyatt*, \,. ('. (17.) Uopetown, N. Y. (80.)
Haali patch, i\. (191.) Hopkinton, N. V. (85 )
Helena, Ark, (244.) Hopkinton, N. n. ((J2 )
Hempatoad, N. y. (135.) Hopkinaville, K, (207.)
Henderaon, I!. (118 ) Horn T., Va, (190.)
Henderaon, IC (187 | Horne, N. O, (250.)
H< ndt raon, N, O, (234.) Horry, G, (286 )
Hennepin, II. (93.) Hot Springe, Ark, (241.)
Hi nry C. H., G (200 ) Howarda, I.C, (855.)
Herculaneum, Mo, (103.) Hudeon, N. v. (63 )
Hcroford Inlet, n. .f. (158.) Hudton nnti. Delaware Canals
Hi rkimer, n. v. (50.) ice New Kork, (1080
Hick*, '; (240 ) Hughaville, v.,. (914 )
Hickitown, F, f :tl fl.; Hulineburg, Pa, (103.)
Hiekeford, v... (217.) Hunwe,'S, O, (974.)
Hickory Hill, B.C. (280.) Hunteri rille, v*. (1780
Hii koi / T., Pa. (108.) Huntingdon, Pa, (130.)
High Pt, U. C, (74.) Huntingdon, T. (900.)
Hill, N. 0.(217.) Hunt*, N. ^.(70.)
if. ii. Wcat, N.C.(80.) Huntaville, N.C, (914.)
Hillaboro, Fnd. 'M.'i.j Huntaville, Ala. (948.)
EJillttboro, O. rl4fJ.) Ilunlimilh: tJamd, mcu Alu
Hillaboro, N. C. (215.) bam«« (948 )
Hillaboro, N. n. (102 , Huntaville, s. C, (958.)
Hilton Head, 8, 0. (900.) Huaton, N. <:. (254.)
Hindoetan, Ind, (107.) Huttonerille, v... (178.)
[.
iiiir,.,i -., itate '-f, (180,) Ii divided Into 82ootttitfe#i The
population in 1830, waa 157,445, but ha* greatly ineffaeed
aince, Area, 57,000 aquarc mile*. Capital and metropoHf,
Vandalia, lai, 88° 5& N,,lcn, 11° W w. Springfield in
Sangamon county, i* to be the teat of government in 1840,
General election, finf. Monday in AhmmhI,, Inumnjlly. Ii«:j/i»
46 ILLINOIS.
lature meets first Monday in December every second year.
Date of constitution, 1818..
Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary
$1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate.
The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of
representatives. The members of the former are elected for
four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each,
three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the first Monday
in December. General election, first Monday in August,
biennially.
Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice
and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. They hold
circuit courts also. There is another judge for the circuit
north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners,
is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years.
Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office
four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Im-
prisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed.
Slavery is prohibited by the constitution.
Physical Structure. — -The whole state is remarkably level,
having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation.
In the northern part of the state, a partial change in the sur-
face is perceptible ; the country is somewhat broken and undu-
lating, but its level character is maintained throughout the
whole. The "American Bottom" so called, celebrated for its
fertility, extends along the left bank of the Mississippi, from
the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskaskia, nearly ninety miles.
Prairies and barrens abound to a great extent in this state;
probably one half of its surface consists of these natural
meadows.
Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskaskia,
Ohio and Wabash.
Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, &c.
Internal Improvements. — These with partial exceptions are
merely prospective. An extensive system of improvements
has been adopted by the state legislature, and several of the
proposed works are in active progress, though but little, com-
paratively, is yet in actual use. The following rail-roads are
among the state works : — a rail-road from Cairo, at the conflu-
ence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to the western terminus
of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, passing through the towns
of Vandalia, Shelby ville, Decatur, and Bloomington, and thence
to Galena, Length about 435 miles. One from Alton to
Mount Carmel, via Edwardsville, Carlisle, Salem and Albion;
INDIANA. 47
length 145 miles. One from Edwardsville to Shawn eetown,
via. Lebanon, Nashville, Frankfort, and Equality ; length 140
miles. One from Quincy, via. Columbus, M. Sterling, Marad-
sia, Jacksonville, Springfield, Sydney, and Danville, to the state
line ; length 225 miles. One from the Central R. R. to the state
line in the direction of Terre Haute; length about 75 miles.
One from Peoria, via. Canton, Macomb, Carthage, to Warsaw
on the Missisippi; length 105 miles. One from Alton to the
Central R. R. ; length about 75 miles. One from Belville, via.
Lebanon, to intersect the Alton and Mt. Carmel R. R. ; length
22 miles. One from Bloomington to Mackinaw, with a branch
to the Peoria and Warsaw R. R., and a branch to Pekin.
The following rail-roads, undertaken by joint stock compa-
nies, will probably be merged in and form parts of the state
works : — From a point opposite to St. Louis to the coal mines
at the Bluffs, 6 miles. From Jacksonville to Augusta, 22
miles. From Chicago to Dcs Plaines, 12 miles. From
Naples to Jackson, 22 miles.
The Illinois and Michigan Canal, from Chicago to Peru, via
Juliet, Dresden, and Ottowa; length 100 miles.
Towns. — Vandalia, Edwardsville, Belleville, Carrollton, Al-
bion, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Springfield, Beardstown,
Ottowa, Galena, and many others.
Illinois R., II. (94.) Illinois R., Ark. (200.)
Illinois Canxl. See II. (94.) Indiana, Pa. (129.)
Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-eight counties,
and had, in 1830, a population of 343,031. Area, 36,500
square miles. Capital, Indianapolis; metropolis, New Albany.
Lat. 38° 19' N., long. 8° 44' W. Date of Constitution, 1816,
General election, 1st Monday in August. Legislature meet,
1st Monday in December.
Government. — The Governor is elected for three years ;
salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is president of
the senate, and receives three dullars per day during the ses-
sion of the legislature.
The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indiana,
and is composed of a senate, the members of which are elected
for three years, and a house of representatives, whose members
are elected annually. The number of the former is at present
30, and the latter 75. Pay of members of both houses is three
dollars a day each.
Judiciary.— The judicial power is vested in a supreme
court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the
48 INDIANA.
general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists
of three judges, and each of the circuit courts consists of a
president and two associates. All the judges hold their office
for seven years, if not removed for improper conduct.
The judges of the supreme court receive $1500 each per
annum, and are appointed by the governor, with the consent
of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are
appointed by the legislature, and the associates are elected by
the people. There are nine presiding judges of circuit courts,
who receive each a salary of $1000.
Physical Structure, — The country along the Ohio, from the
Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, presents a
broken and hilly appearance ; it is not, however, hilly in the
strict sense of the term. The ridges, commonly so called, are
mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the
rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the
abrasions of the streams which have thus formed those dark
ravines which abound in this part of the state. In the central
portions, the land is less broken, and in the north no moun-
tains or hills of any magnitude exist.
Rivers.—^ Ohio, Wabash, White Water, Laugherry, Silver,
Indian, the four last are merely creeks.
Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, &c,
many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance.
Internal Improvements. — A wide range of improvements by
canals and rail-roads has been commenced under the auspices
of the legislature. Several of the most important works are
now in course of construction. They embrace an aggregate
of 840 miles of canals, and 90 miles of railroads. Included
in this estimate, is the Wabasli and Erie Canal, 80 miles of
which are now in use.
The canals and rail-roads authorized by the state are as
follows '.—^Wabash and Erie Canal, extending from the town
of Lafayette on the Wabash, via Delphi, Logansport, Peru,
Wabash, Huntingdon and Wayne, to the eastern boundary of
the state, and is thence extended by the state of Ohio, to the
outlet of the Maumee near the town of Toledo ; length from
Lafayette to the Ohio boundary, 127 miles.
Central Canal commences at a point on the Wabash and
Erie Canal, between Wayne and Logansport, and passes along
the valleys of Mississincwa and White Rivers, and through
Indianapolis to Evansvilleon the Ohio; length 180 miles.
White River Canal, from the intersection of White Water
river with the National Road in Wayne county to Lawrence--
INDIANA. INDIANAPOLIS.
49
burg; length 76 miles. This canal is to be extended ultimately
so as to unite with the Central Canal.
Terre Haute and Eel River Canal, will unite the Wabash
and Erie, and the Central Canals ; length 40 miles.
Madison and Lafayette Rail Road. Length 160 miles,
about 50 miles of this road, from Madison to Columbus, are
now in use.
New Albany and Crawfordsville Rail Road. Length 158
miles.
A communication by canal or rail-road is proposed to connect
the head of Lake Michigan with the Wabash and Erie Canal,
and thus complete the connection between that lake and Lake
Erie.
Towns. — Indianapolis, the capital ; Vincennes, Lawrence-
burg, Aurora, Vev;iy, Madison, JefFersonville, New Albany,
Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Logansport, La-
fayette, &c. &c.
Indianapolis, (146.)
ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS.
To New Albany i by Stage.
Spencer,
24 54
Franklin,
20
Bloomfield,
23 77
Edinburg,
10 30
Vincennes,
45 122
Columbus,
12 42
Brownstown,
25 67
To Vandalia,
11. by
Vallona,
3 70
Stage.
Salem,
19 89
Belville,
20
Greenville,
24 113
Grcencastle R.
17 37
N. Albany,
9 122
Terrehaute,
33 70
(Thence to Louisville, K.
Embarrass R. .
45 115
3 miles.)
Ewington,-
25 140
To Cincinnati, b
v Stare.
Vandalia,
30 170
Rushville, 40
Somerset, 14 54
Brookeville, 11 65
Harrison, 17 82
Miami, 8 90
Cincinnati, 15 105
To Vincennes, by Stage.
Port Royal, 16
Martinville* 14 30
To Covington, by Stage.
Crawfordsville, 50
Covington, 29 79
To Wayne, by Stage.
Connerstown,
17
Noblesville,
4 21
Strawtown,
7 28
Wayne,
83 111
50
IOWA TERRITORY.
To Columbus, O. by Stage.
Greenfield,
Centreville,
Richmond,
Infield, N. C. (217.)
tage.
14 64
6 70
Lewisburg,
York,
Springfield,
Columbus,
17 87
16 103
26 129
43 172
Instantur, Pa. (104.)
Iowa Territory, (117,) is divided into 20 counties. Popula-
tion about 25,000, which is rapidly increasing. Area, 90,720
square miles. Capital and metropolis Burlington. N. Lat.
40° 52'. W. Long. 14° 4'. Organized as a Territory, July 4th
1838.
Government. — The governor is appointed by the President
of the United States, by and with the consent of the senate ; he
is also superintendent of Indian affairs. Term of office three
years. Salary $2500 per annum.
Judiciary. — The judges (three in number) like the governor,
are appointed by the President and Senate, for four years, and
perform circuit duties.
Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in the gover-
nor and assembly, which consists of a council of thirteen
members, elected for two years, and a house of representatives
of twenty-six members, elected annually. Pay of members $3
a day during the sessions of the legislative assembly.
Land Offices, are established at Burlington and Dubuque.
Physical Structure. — The vast extent, north and south, of
this Territory, which occupies nearly nine degrees of latitude,
must impart to it a great diversity of climate and soil. The
southern, and especially that portion of the territory which
borders on the Mississippi, consists of an undulating and fertile
country, mostly prairie, but, along the streams, well supplied
with timber. To this part of Iowa emigrants and others at
present chiefly direct their steps. The population is, however,
extending rapidly towards the west and north. Beyond the
region just mentioned, the country becomes more broken and
undulating, with an abundance of lakes, ponds and stagnant
pools. The only elevation of any importance, yet discovered,
is the famous " Coteau de Prairie," an elevated table land,
which divides the waters of the Missouri on the west, from
those running into the St. Peters and Red rivers on the east.
Iowa is supposed to be entirely destitute of mountains, pro-
perly so called.
Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Des Moines, Iowa, Wabsipi-
nicon, Moquockity, Turkey, Upper Iowa, St. Peters, branches
IPS
KENTUCKY.
51
of the Mississippi and James, Sioux, Nashnebatona and Nan-
doway of the Missouri, and Red river, with its numerous
branches, which discharges itself into Lake Winnipeg-.
Productions.— Lead, coal (bituminous), iron, Indian corn,
wheat, rye, oats, &c. &c.
Ipswich, Me. (86.)
Irvine, K. (191.)
Ithaca and Owego Rail Road.
See N.York.
Ischua, N. Y. (78.)
Isle of Wight, Va. (218.)
Jackson, Mich. (73.)
Jackson, O. (150.)
Jackson, Mo. ( 1 85.)
Jackson, T. {226.)
Jackson, capital of Miss.
(280.)
Jackson, Ala. (298.)
Jacksonville, II. (142.)
Jacksonville, G. (303.)
Jacksonville, F. (318.)
Jacksonburg, O. (148.)
Jackson boro, G. (289.)
Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.)
Jacksonboro, T. (210.)
Jaffrey, N. H. (84.)
Jamaica, N. Y. (135.)
Jamestown, N. Y. (77.)
James River Canals, see
Virginia, (197.)
James R., Va. (197.)
Kalamazoo R., Mich. (71.)
Kanawha Navigation, see
Virginia, (172.)
Kanawha R., Va. (172.)
Kankakee R., Ind. (95.)
Kaskaskia R., II. (144.)
Kaskaskia, Ind. (95.)
Kaskaskia, II. (185.)
Keene, N. H. (84.)
J.
James and Jackson R. Canal,
see Va. (196.)
James I., S. C. (219.)
Jamesville, S. C. (273.)
Jasper, T. (229.)
Jay, Me. (39.)
Jefferson, O. (102.)
Jefferson, P. (103.)
Jefferson, Mo. capital of the
state, (161.)
Jefferson, Va. (176.)
Jefferson, N. C. (213.)
Jefferson, Miss. (246.)
Jefferson, G. (251.)
Jefferson, G. (318.)
Jeffersonville, Ind. (168.)
Jeffersonville, Va. (193.)
Jericho, N. Y. (81.)
Jonesboro, II. (185.)
K.
Kempsville, Va. (218.)
Kelleyvale, Vt. (37.)
Kenjua, P. (103.)
Kennard, G. (302.)
Kennebeck R., Me. (40.)
Kennebeck R., Me. (64.)
Kennebunk, Me. (63.)
Kent I., Md. (177.)
Kentucky R., K. (191.) '
Kentucky, state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Po-
pulation in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. Area,
52 KENTUCKY.
40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville.
Lat. 38° 18/ N. Long. 8° 46' W. General election first Mon-
day in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November.
Constitution framed, 1799.
Government. — Governor's term of office, four years. Salary
$2500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $6 per day, as presi-
dent of the senate ; secretary of state, $1000 ; auditor, register,
and treasurer, each $1,500.
The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Commonwealth
of Kentucky. The members of the former are chosen for 4
years ; those of the latter annually. The senate consists of 38
members; and the house of representatives of 100. The
members of both houses receive $3 per day during the session
of the legislature.
Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a chief justice
and two other judges; salary of each $2000. Circuit courts;
the state is divided into 16 judicial districts for holding circuit
courts. There is a judge for each circuit, who has jurisdiction
of law cases over $50, and of chancery cases over £5, and holds
three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary
of the judges of the circuit courts is $1500 per annum. County
courts are also held by three or more justices of the peace.
Their jurisdiction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals
from the decisions of single justices.
Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this state
borders upon the Allegheny ridge of mountains, some of the
spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a considerable
distance into it. That part of the state is consequently of a
mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines
and valleys between them, affording landscape views of uncom-
mon boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio river, and extend-
ing from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the
" Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills
are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with
narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to
that portion of the state, through which they extend, a very
rough appearance. They arc covered with lofty forests, and
have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The allu-
vial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams
which fall into that river, are of the richest kind.
Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky,
Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, <fec.
KENTUCKY.— KNOXVILLE. 53
Productions.— Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats,
hemp, tobacco, &c.
Internal Improvements. — These consist chiefly of river
improvements by dams and navigable pools.- Green, Ken-
tucky and Licking rivers will, in this way, be rendered navi-
gable for steamboats.
The railroads of the state are, one from Lexington to the
Ohio at Portland, via Louisville, a large portion of which is in
use ; length 27 miles. One from Henderson to Nashville, Tenn.
One from Russelville to Clarksville ; and several others are
proposed.
The Louisville and Portland Canal designed to overcome the
falls of the Ohio, has been in use for many years; length about
one mile and a half.
Towns. — Frankfort the capital; Lexington, Louisville,
Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington, Port
William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Washington,
Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bardstown, Shelby-
ville, Russelville, Bowling-green, Princeton, Glasgow, together
with others, many of them equally important.
Keys, N. J. (158.) Kingston, N. C. (237.)
Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) Kingstree, S. C. (274.)
Killingwortb, Con. (110.) Kings, N. C, (237.)
Kilpatricks, II. (164.) Kings, S. C. (289.)
Kinderhook, N. Y. (83.) K. George C. H., Va. (176.)
Kingston, U. C. (33.) K. & Queens C. H., Va. (198.)
Kingston, N. Y. (108.) Kingwood, Va. (153.)
Kingston, R. I. (111.) Kinsman, O. (102.)
Kingston, Md. (178.) Kittanning, Pa. (129.)
Kingston, T. (230.)
Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in East Ten-
nessee. Population about 3,000. The public buildings consist
of a college, several churches, county offices, &c.
ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE.
To Nashville, by Stage.
Loveville, 14
Kingston, 23 37
Crab Orchard, 20 57
Sparta, 38 95
Liberty, 32 127
Lebanon, 26 153
Nashville, 28 181
5*
To Abingdon,
Rutledge,
Bean's Station,
Va.
by Stage.
32
10 42
Mooresburg,
Rogersville,
8
13
50
63
54
KNO
LANCASTER.
Kingsport,
JBlountsville,
Abingdon, Va.
26 89
17 106
24 130
To Warm Springs, N. C. by
Stage.
Dandridge, 32
Newport, 15 47
Warm Springs, N. C. 28 75
Knoxville, G. (286.)
To Athens, by Stage.
Maryville, 8
Madisonville, 29 37
Athens, 15 52
To Clinton,
— Jacksboro,
— Montgomery,
— Tazewell,
18
36
54
50
Kutztown, Pa. (133.)
L.
Lacadie, L. C. (15.)
Lafayette, Ind. (122.)
La Grange, G. (269.)
Lake Champlain, N. Y. (36.)
Lake Ontario, N. Y. (55.)
Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.)
Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.)
Lake Erie, O. (100.)
Lake Borgne, Lou. (310.)
L. Ponchartrain, Lou. (309.)
L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.)
L. of the two Mts. L. C. (14.)
L. George, N. Y. (60.)
L. George, G. (330.)
L. Memphramagog, L. C. (16.)
L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.)
L. Bernard, G. (286.)
Lancaster, N. H. (38.)
Louisville and Portland
Canal, see Ken. (168.)
La Fourche Canal, see Lou-
isiana, (323.)
Lake Veret Canal, see Lou-
isiana, (323.)
Lackawaxen Canal, see
Pennsylvania, (108.)
Lake Drummond Canal, see
N. C. (218.)
Lancaster Canal, see Ohio,
(150.)
Lehigh Navigation, see Penn-
sylvania, (133.)
Lackawaxen Rail Road, see
Pennsylvania, (107.)
Lykins Valley Rail Road, see
Pennsylvania, (132.)
Loricks Canal, see S. Caro-
lina, (253.)
Lockhart Canal, see South
Carolina, (253.)
Lancaster, Pa. (132.) The city of Lancaster, formerly the
capital of Pennsylvania, is a large and thriving place, having
a population of 7,683, and considerable trade. The great road
from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Columbia Rail Road
pass through it. Its public buildings are, a court-house, jail,
Lancasterian school house, and several handsome churches.
ROUTES FROM LANCASTER.
To Philadelphia, by Stage.
Soudersburg, 8
Coatesville,
Downingtown,
17 25
7 32
ROUTES FROM LANCASTER.
55
Paoli,
Philadelphia,
12 44
20 64
To Philadelphia, by Rail
Road.
Soudersburg, 9
Mine Ridge, 8 17
Coatesville, 12 29
Downingstown, 8 37
Schuylkill river, 29 66
Philadelphia, 3 69
To Harrisburg, by
Rail Road.
Mountjoy, 12
Elizabethtown, 7 19
Middletown, 7 26
Harrisburg, 9 35
Lancaster, O. (150.)
Lancaster, Va. (198.)
Lancaster, S. C. (254.)
Landisburg, Pa. (131.)
Langford, Ala. (298.)
La Prairie, L. C. (15.)
Laltimore, Miss. (296.)
Laughlin T., Pa, (129.)
Lawrenceburg, Ind. (148.)
Lawrenceboro, T. (227.)
Lawrenceville, S. C. (253.)
Lawrenceville, O. (99.)
Lawrenceville, II. (166.)
Lawrenceville, G. (251.)
Lawrenceville, Va. (218.)
Lawrenceburg, Pa. (103.)
Laurel T., D. (178.)
Lead Mines, II. (66.)
Lead M., Mo. (163.)
Leaf R., Miss. (297.)
Lebanon, N. Y. (83.)
Lebanon, P. (132.)
Lebanon, O. (148.)
Lebanon, II. (164.)
13
24
39
53
78
97
128
To Pittsburg.
Columbia, by Rail R.
York, do. 11
Abbotstown, do. 15
Gettysburg, do. 14
Chambersburg, do. 25
M'Connellstown, 19
Bedford, 31
Stoystown, 28 156
Laughlintown, 16 172
Youngstown, 13 185
Greensburg, 10 195
Stuartsville, 13 208
Pittsburg, 19 227
To Reading, by Stage.
Ephrata, 13
Adams, 9 22
Reading, 9 31
Lebanon, K. (189.)
Lebanon, T. (208.)
Lebanon, Va. (212.)
Leesburg,V. (155.)
Leeds, Va. (177.)
Le Flors, Miss. (281.)
Lehighton, Pa. (133.)
Leicester, Va. (196.)
Lenox, Mass. (83.)
Leominster, Mass. (85.)
Leonard T., Md. (177.)
Le Raysville, N. Y. (34.)
Leroy, N. Y. (78.)
Lewistown, N. Y. (54.)
Lewistown, D. (178.)
Lewistown, II. (66.)
Lewistown, II. (118)
Lewistown, Pa. (131 .)
Lewistown, Va. (216.)
Lewis, Lou. (307.)
Lewisburg, Va. (194.)
Lexington, N. Y. (82.)
Lexington, P. (102.)
56
LEXINGTON.
Lexington, K. (169.) The county town of La fayette county,
and formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the elevated
ground between the Kentucky and Licking rivers, 77 miles
E. S. E. from Louisville. Population about 7000. Its public
buildings and objects of interest consist of eight churches,
University (Transylvania,) court-house, and many Indian
Cemeteries, remarkable for singular construction ; ancient
fortifications, &c.
ROUTES FROM LEXINGTON.
To Louisville by Rail Road.
To Elkhorn R.,
Franklin Co. line,
Frankford,
Shelby Co. line,
Ballardsville road,
Biownsboro,
Middletown,
Louisville,
10
7
7
28
12
6
14
10
20
27
34
62
74
80
94
To Louisville, by Stage.
Frankfort, 24
Shelbyville, 21 45
Middletown, 20 65
Louisville, 12 77
To Nashvill, Ten.
Shakertown,
Harrodsburg,
Perryville
Lebanon,
New Market,
Summerville,
Glasgow,
Scottsville,
Gallatin,
Haysboro,
Nashville,
7
10
17
6
20
31
10
20
37
43
63
94
24 118
33 151
19 170
6 176
To Cincinnati, O.
Georgetown, 12
Harrisons, 18 30
Theobalds, 11 41
Gaines, 13 54
Cincinnati, 12 66
Lexington, Va. (195.)
Lexington, T. (226.)
Lexington, N. C. (234.)
Lexington, G. (270.)
Liberty, K. (190.)
Liberty, Va. (195.)
Liberty, S. C. (273.)
Liberty, Miss. (296.)
Licking R., K. (170.)
Licking station, K. (191.)
Lincolnton, N. C. (233.)
Lincolnton, G. (271.)
Lisbon, G. (271.)
Litchfield, Con. (109.)
Litchfield, K. (188.)
Little Kanawha River,
(151.)
Va.
Little Rock, capital of Arkansas, (242,) is situated on the
right bank of the Arkansas river, in Pulaski county, of which
it is the seat of justice. Population about 1500.
LIT LOU
ROUTES FROM LITTLE ROCK.
57
To the Mouth of the
Arkai
isas
Fort Smith,
25 158
by Steam Boat.
Candle Point,
50
To Columbia
Pine Bluff,
25
75
Cross Roads,
18
New Gascony,
17
92
Des Arc,
17 35
Heccatoo,
25
117
L. Red R.,
29 64
Arkansas,
45
162
White River,
24 88
Mouth of Arkansas,
44 206
Rock, P. 0.
16 104
Strawberry,
12 116
To Fort Smith
Jackson,
17 133
Cadron,
34
Columbia,
15 148
Lewisburg,
13
47
Pt. Remove,
2
49
To Memphis.
Dardanelle,
23
62
Bayou Meteau,
12
Takatoka,
6
68
Cache, P. O.
54 66
Scotia,
6
74
Walnut Camp,
19 85
Spaldry Bluff,
14
89
St. Faucis,
34 119
Arkansas Ferry,
25
114
Marion,
30 149
Crawford, C, H.
19
133
Memphis,
10 159
Little Egg Harbour, N. J.
(158.)
Lit. Prairie, Mo. (205.)
Little Red R., Ark. (222.)
L. Wabash RM II. (165.)
Livingston, Miss. (280.)
Lockport, N. Y. (55.)
Loftus Heights, Miss. (295.)
Logansports, Ind. (122.)
Logan C. H. Va. (193.)
Logan, O. (150.)
London, U. C. (52.)
Louisiana, state of, (277,) is divided into 33 parishes ; had
in 1830, 215,739 inhabitants, including 109,588 slaves. Area,
49,300 square miles. Capital and metropolis, New Orleans,
lat. 30° N., long. 13° 1' W. General election, first Monday
in July, biennially. Legislature meet, first Monday in January.
Constitution formed in 1812.
Government. — Governor — term of office four years — salary,
$7,500 per annum, Secretary, treasurer, attorney -general, and
surveyor-general.
London, O. (149.)
Long Pt., U. C. (56.)
Long Pt., U. C. (76.)
Long Lake, N. Y. (59.)
Long Island, N. Y. (135.)
L. I. Sound, N. Y. (110.)
Long Branch, N. J. (135.)
Long Bay, N. & S. C. (275.)
Longacoming, N. J. (158.)
Lorain, N. Y. (58.)
Louisiana, Mo. (141.)
58 LOUISIANA.
Legislature. — The legislative authority is vested in a senate
and a house of representatives, styled the General Assembly
of the state of Louisiana. The senators are elected for four
years. Their number is 17. The representatives are elected
for two years. Their number is at present 50, — pay $6 a day,
each, 'i he elections are held on the first Monday, Tuesday,
and Wednesday of Jul}'. The general assembly elect by joint
ballot for governor, one of the two who have received the
highest number of the votes of the people.
Judiciary. — The supreme court consists of three judges,
who are appointed by the governor, with the advice and con-
sent of the senate. Pay, $5000 per annum each. This court
has only appellate jurisdiction. It sits in New Orleans for the
eastern district, during the months of November, December,
January, February, March, April, May, June and July. And
for the western district, at Opelousas and Attakapas, during
the months of August, September, and October.
The criminal court at New Orleans has one judge.
There are nine district courts and nine judges. The judge
of the first district receives $5000 per annum ; the others
$3000 a year. The district courts, with the exception of the
first, hold in each parish, two sessions a year.
The parish courts hold a regular session in each parish, on
the first Monday in every month.
The courts in the first district, viz: the parish, district,
criminal and probate courts, are in session the whole year,
excepting the months of July, August, September, and Octo-
ber, in which months they hold special courts if necessary.
Physical Structure. — There are three very dictinct portions
in this state, as it regards soil and surface. 1. The north-
eastern part, or the country lying east of the Mississippi and
north of Ponchartrain, Maurcpas, and Ibberville outlet, embrac-
ing the parishes of east and west Feliciana, east Baton Rouge,
Washington, St. Helena, and St. Tammany, is hilly, of a sandy
soil, covered with pine, possessing fine springs and a salubrious
climate. The north-western portion of the state is also
generally elevated, some of it very much so. 2. The south-
western part, in the Opelousas country is covered with extensive
prairies, of great fertility and generally level, or gently undulat-
ing. 3. The whole delta, or country lying between the Atcha-
falaya (Chaifalio) outlet on the west, and the Ibberville outlet
with its continuation in lakes Maurcpas, Ponchartrain and
Borgne, on the cast, is a dead level, and excepting along the
margins of the numerous rivers and streams of a variable
LOUISIANA. 59
width of from a quarter of a mile to a mile and more, is chiefly
continuous swamps, covered with cypress, swamp oak, gum,
&c. This is the character of much of the country bordering
the lower parts of the Red River, and the Ouachita, the Courta-
buleau, and other streams.
The whole southern line is a low marshy country, scarcely
rising above the level of the ocean, and often overflown by the
tides. Rising in a most gradual manner, the north-western
part even'reaches the aspect of a mountainous character. The
coast is lined with low and sandy islands, separated from the
main land by shallow bayous, or stagnant inlets, and covered
with stinted live-oak.
Rivers. — Mississippi, Red, Ouchita, Atchafalaya, Courta-
bleau, Teche, La Fourche, Amite, &c.
Productions. — Sugar and rice are the principal, cotton,
Indian corn, fruits of various sorts.
Towns. — New Orleans, Madisonville, St. Helena, Baton
Rouge, St. Francisville, Franklin, St. Martinville, Opelousas,
Alexandria, Natchitoches, &c.
Internal Improvements. — Barataria Canal, commences on
the Mississippi, 6 miles above New Orleans and passes into
the Lafourche, thence into Bcrwicks Bay. Length of canals
22 miles, entire length including river and lake navigation 85
miles.
Canal Carondelet, forms, with the Bayou St. John, a water
communication from New Orleans to Lake Fonchartrain.
Length of Canal 2 miles. Do. B. of St. Johns, 4 miles.
Or'rans Dank Canal, from New Orleans to Ponchartrain,
length ±\ miles.
Canal Veret, extends from a point on the Lafourche to Lake
Veret. Length 8 miles. Several unimportant canals exist in
the neighbourhood of New Orleans, and the parishes bordering
on the Mississippi : these have been constructed by individuals
for private use —
The rail roads are — From NewOrlcanf^ to lake Pontchartrain,
length 4i miles. One from New Orleans to Carrollton, 6£
miles. One from New Orleans to Lafayette, 2 miles. One
from New Orleans, with the Bayou St. John, 1| miles long.
Rail Roads in Progress. — From St. Francisville in Loui-
siana, to Woodville, in Mississippi, 27 miles long.
From New Orleans to Nashville in Tennessee, length of the
Louisiana portion, 80 miles.
From New Orleans, via the Lake Ponchartrain Rail Road,
to Lake Borgne, 20 miles long.
60
LOUISVILLE.
From Pount Coupee to Opelousas, 30 miles long.
From Alexandria to Cheney ville, 30 miles.
From Port Hudson to Jackson, Clinton, &c. 28 miles.
From Clinton to Baton Rouge, 20 miles.
Various rail roads, the aggregate length of which is about
300 miles, are proposed.
Louisville, K. (168,) situate on the Ohio at the head of the
falls ; is a place of considerable trade ; population at present,
20,000. The public buildings area court house, market houses,
eight or ten churches, high school, marine hospital, and several
factories of iron, cotton, &c.
ROUTES FROM LOUISVILLE.
To Lexington,
by Stage.
Fredericksburg,
15 27
Middletown,
12
Paoli,
18 45
Shelbyville,
20 32
Mt. Pleasant,
25 70
Frankfort,
21 53
Washington,
18 88
Lexington,
24 77
Vincennes,
20 108
To Nashville, Ten., by Stage.
To Cincinnati,
by Stage,
West Point,
21
Charleston,
13
Elizabethtown,
22 43
Bethlehem,
13 26
Coombsville,
9 52
New London,
8 34
Munfordsville,
21 73
Madison,
12 46
Glasgow,
20 93
Aurora,
31 77
Scottsville,
24 117
Lawrenceburg,
3 80
Gallatin,
20 137
Cincinnati,
23 103
Nashville,
25 162
To Troy, by Stage.
To Indianapolis, by Stage.
New Albany,
3
New Albany,
3
Corydon,
16 19
Greenville,
9 12
Fredonia,
16 35
Salem,
24 36
Troy,
28 63
Valona,
19 55
■i
Brownstown,
3 58
Columbus,
25 83
To Hopkinsville, by Stage*
Edinburg,
12 95
West Point,
21
Franklin,
10 105
Philadelphia,
16 37
Indianapolis,
20 125
Hardinsburg,
22 59
Hartford,
36 95
To Vincennes
, by Stage.
Greenville,
23 118
New Albany,
3
Hopkinsville,
27 145
Greenville, 9 12
ROUTES FROM LOUISVILLE.
61
To Lexington, by Rail
Middletown,
Brownsboro,
Ballardsville road,
Shelby Co. line,
Frankford,
Franklin Co. line,
So. Elkhorn R.
Lexington,
road.
14
6 20
12 32
28 60
7 67
7 74
10 84
10 94
To Springfield, by Stage.
Shepardsville, 23
Bardstown, 18 41
Fredericksburg, 10 51
Springfield, 8 59
To Pittsburg, by
West Point,
Madison,
Port William,
Vevay,
Fredericksburg,
Lawrenceburg,
Cincinnati,
New Richmond,
Point Pleasant,
Augusta,
Marysville,
Portsmouth,
Burlington,
Gallipolis,
Letart's Rapids,
Belville,
Parkersburg,
Marietta,
Wheeling,
Steubenville,
Pittsburg,
Steam Boat.
23
11
13
10
10
31 108
24 132
21 153
5 158
15 173
16 189
46 235
41 276
41 317
32 349
30 379
17 396
13 409
89 490
21 511
79 581
Leavenworth,
Stephensport,
Rockport,
Owensburg,
Evansville,
Henderson,
Mt. Vernon,
Carthage,
Shawneetown,
Cave in Rock,
Cumberland R.,
Tennessee R.,
America,
Mouth of Ohio,
New Madrid,
Little Prairie,
Memphis,
Arkansas R.,
Vicksburg,
Natchez,
St. Francisville,
Baton Rouge,
New Orleans,
17 59
33 92
53 145
8 153
35 188
11 199
22 221
12 233
19 252
20 272
41 313
11 324
36 360
11 371
65 436
30 460
119 585
172 757
284 1041
103 1144
139 1283
34 1317
131 1448
To New Orleans, by Steam
Boat.
Northampton, 42
To St. Louis, by Steam Boat.
Mouth of Ohio, as above, 371
Elk Island, 8 379
Dogtooth L, 8 387
English I., 14 401
Cape Girardeau, 11 412
Bainbridge, 10 422
Muddy River, 14 436
La Cour, 16 452
Marys R. 14 466
Saline R. 9 475
St. Genevieve, 8 483
Ft. Chartres, 12 495
Herculaneum, 19 514
Harrison, 5 519
Merrimac R., 7 526
Carondelet, 12 538
St. Louis, 6 544
62 LOU MAINE.
Louisvile, G. (271.) Lucas, N. C. (256.)
Louisburg, N. C. (216.) Lumberton, N. C. (255.)
Louisa, K. (171.) Lumpkin, G. (285.)
Lovelace, Lou. (295.) Lynchburg, Va. (195 )
Lower Canada, (12.) Lynhaven Bay, Va. (198.)
Lower Marlboro, Md. (177.) Lyons, N. Y. (57.)
M.
Machias, Me. (42.) Madison, Va. (175.)
Mackeysville, N. C. (232.) Madison, T. 22.9.)
Mackinaw, 11. (119.) Madison, G. (270.)
Macon, G. (287.) Madisonville, K. ( 1 87.)
Madison, II. (164.) Madisonville, T. (330.)
Madison, Ind. (168.) Madisonville, Lou. (309.)
Maine, state of, (18,) is divided into twelve counties, and
had, in 1830, a population of 399,462. Area, 38,250 square
miles; capital, Augusta; metropolis, Portland; lat. 43° 39'
N., long. 6° 39' E. General elections, second Monday in Sep-
tember ; legislature meet first Wednesday in January ; con-
stitution formed, 1819*
Government. — The governor is elected annually by the peo-
ple, salary, $1,500; seven counsellors also elected annually.
The legislative power is vested in a " General Assembly,"
consisting of a senate and house of representatives, members
of both elected annually by the people.
Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief justice, who
receives a salary of $1,800, and two associate judges, salary
$1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief justice and two
associate justices, each receives $1,200 per annum.
Physical Structure. — The north-western border of this state
consists of a series of steps or escarpments, which follow
each other in such rapid succession, as in some places to attain
an elevation of nearly 2000 feet in the space of a few miles.
This elevation continues with slight interruptions along the
entire line from the sources of the Connecticut to its termina-
tion in the north-east angle of the state. From these data it
will be perceived that the country, forms an inclined plane,
having the Atlantic coast for its limit towards the south-east.
This plane, however, is much broken by high hills and insu-
lated mountain peaks ; examples are presented by Bald Ridge
mountain, a spur from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigelovv, Saddle-
back, Katawdin, and others ; some of these peaks are of great
height, especially the one last mentioned. The state may be
divided into three grand sections ; the Atlantic section is com.
MAINE. 63
paratively level, being much intersected by lakes and other
indications of a flat surface; the second or middle section is
hilly, and the third, or north-western part is decidedly moun-
tainous.
Rivers. — Andriscoggin, Kennebeck, Penobscot, St. Croix,
St. Johns, Madawaska, Walloostook, &c.
Productions. — Lumher, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small
grain, provisions, &c.
Towns. — Portland, the metropolis; Augusta, the capital;
York, Paris, Wiscasset, Bath, flallowell, Castine Belfast, Ban-
gor, Machias, Eastport, &,c. &c.
Internal Improvements. — Cumberland and Oxford Canal,
extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20| miles, whence, by a
lock in Songo river, the navigation is extended into and through
Brandy and Long Ponds a further distance of 30 miles.
Bangor and Orono Rail-road, 10 miles in length.
A Rail-Road from Portland to Dover N. H. : one from Ports-
mouth N. H. to Portland ; one from Portland to Augusta ; one
from Portland to Bangor; one from some point, not yet deter-
mined, on the coast of Maine, to Quebec, 227 miles in length,
are proposed.
Middlesex Canal, see Massachusetts, (£5.)
Muscle Shoals Canal, see Ala- Manaks, Ala. (284.)
bama, (217.) Manahawken, N. J (158.)
Montague Canal, see Massa-. Manchester, Vt. (60.)
chusetts, (84.) Manchester, S. C. (273.)
Mohawk and Hudson Rail- Manchester, K. (191.)
Road, see N. York, (83.) Manlius, N. Y. (58.)
Miami Canal, see O. (148.) Mansfield, O. (126.)
Mauch Chunk Rail Road, see Mansfield, JN. J. (134.)
Penn. (133.) Mine Bill Rail Road, see Pa.
Mount Carbon Rail Road, see (132.)
Penn. (132.) Mansfield, Va. (196.)
Mill Creek Rail Road, see Mantua, O. (101.)
Penn. (132.) Maramic, Mo. (183.)
Morris Canal, see N. Jersey, Maramic R., Mo. (162.)
(134.) Marathon, Ala. (247,)
Manasquan Canal, see New Marengo, Ala. (283.)
Jersey, (158.) Mariaville, Mc. (41.)
Monongahela Navigation, see Marietta, O. (151.)
Virginia, (152.) " Marion, Ind. (123.)
Manchester Rail Road, see Marion, O, (125.)
Virginia, (197.) Marion, Mo. (161.)
Malone, N. Y. (35.) Marion, Ala. (283,)
64 MARYLAND.
Marion, G. (287.) Martinsburg, Ind. 146.
Marion, C. H., S. C. (255.) Martinsburg, Va. (154.)
Marksville, Lou. (294.) Marlinville, N. C. (215.)
Marshville, Va. (152.) Martinsville, Va. (215.)
Marshallsville, Va. (216.) Martins, N. C. (213.)
Martha's Vineyard, Mass. Martins, N. C. (214.)
(112.) Marysville, O. (125.)
Marthasville, Mo. (163.) Marysville K. (169.)
Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) Marysville, T. (230.)
Martinsburg, P. (130.) Maryville, Va. (196.)
Maryland, state of, (153,) is divided into 20 counties, and
contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994
slaves ; area, 11,150 square miles; capital, Annapolis; metro-
polis, Baltimore ; lat. 39° 18' N. ; long. 0° 26' E. General
election, first Wednesday in October. Legislature meets, first
Monday in December. Constitution formed, 1776 ; amended
1838.
Government. — Governor elected by the people, term of
office, three years, salary, $4200. Senate, consisting of 21
members, and house of delegates, 79 members, called the
General Assembly, meet on the last Monday in December at
Annapolis ; pay of members $4 a day, of the speakers, $5 each.
The members of the house of delegates are elected annually
by the people, on the first Wednesday of October.
Judiciary. — Chancery court, chancellor. Court of appeals,
chief judge, (salary $2500) and five associate judges, who
receive a salary of $2,200 each. Baltimore court, one chief
judge, and associate judges ; salary of the former $2,400, of
the two latter, $1,500 each.
Physical Structure. — Eastern section, bordering on the
Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, level ;
centre, hilly, gradually increasing in elevation, until it meets
the western section of the state, which presents little else than
a succession of mountain ridges, extending from the Mono-
cacy to the western limits of the state. The Back Bone moun-
tain, so called, the .main ridge of the Allegheney, has a mean
altitude of about 2,500 feet, and is the dividing ridge between
the waters of the Atlantic and those running into the Ohio.
Rivers. — Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Susquehanna, Elk,
Chester, Choptank, Nanlikoke, &c.
Productions. — Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, &c.
&c.
Towns. — Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown,
MASSACHUSETTS. 65
Rockville, Port Tobacco, Upper xMarlboro ; and on the eastern
shore, Elklon, Chester, Centreville, Easton, Cambridge, &c.
Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, ex-
tends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 34 li
miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alexandria to
intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, at Georgetown
is now constructing. (See District of Columbia.) Port Deposit
Canal, is designed to overcome the rapids of the Susquehanna,
above Port Deposit, length nearly 10 ms. Canal at Little Falls
of Potomac, 2\ ms- long. Canal at Great Falls, built of stone,
1200 yards long. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. extends from Balti-
more to Harper's Ferry, on the Potomac, 81 ms. from Baltimore.
This road is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road of a
single track extends from the main line to Frederick, 3^ ms.
Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road, commenced in 1830,
extends to Havre de Grace; length, 34 ms. Baltimore and
Washington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 miles ; this work is
now completed. Baltimore and York Rail Road, 59J ms.
long. Wilmington and Susquehanna Rail Road is an extension
of the Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road, which, with the
Philadelphia and Wilmington Rail Road, forms a continuous
line from Baltimore to Philadelphia, 93 miles in length, and
now in successful operation.
Mason's, N. C. (233.) Maysville, Va. (196.)
Massachusetts, state of, (83,) is divided into 14 counties.
Population in 1830, 610,014. Area, 8750 square miles. Capital
and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42° 22' N. Long. 5° 57' E. Gen-
eral election for governor and senators, first Monday in April ;
for representatives, in May. Legislature meet, fourth Tuesday
in October. Constitution formed, 1780.
Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary
$3,668 67. Lieutenant Governor $533 33. Secretary of com-
monwealth, and state treasurer, each $2,000 ; adjutant general,
$1,500, who are chosen by joint ballot, from the senators and
nine counsellors; each holds his office for one year. Legisla-
ture styled the general Court, is composed of a Senate and
House of Representatives. Members of the senate are elected
annually on the first Monday in April; the representatives are
elected annually in May.
Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme
Court, and a Court of Common Pleas, and such others as the
General Court may establish. The judges are appointed by
the governor and senate, and hold their offices during good
behaviour.
6*
66 MASSACHUSETTS.
Pkysical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is gene-
rally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the central
part, between Worcester and the valley of the Connecticut,
those hills occur at frequent intervals, until passing to the
westward, the lands increase in elevation, and assume the
aspeet of a mountain region.
The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western
county of the state, is not less than 1000 feet above tide. This
portion is studded with innumerable hills and mountain peaks,
some of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above their bases.
Rivers, — llousatonic, Connecticut, Bawtueket, Charles, Mer-
rimaek, ..V e.
Pith! net ions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas,
beans, flaxseed, &C
Towns. — Boston, the Capital ; Salem, Newburyport, Lowell,
Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pittsrield,
and many extensive towns and villages.
Internal Improvements. — Middlesex Canal, extends from
Boston to Chelmsford. Length "J7 miles. Pawtucket Canal,
in town et* Lowell, is used both tor navigation and for manu-
facturing purposes, length 1$ miles. Blaekstone Canal, extends
from Providence R. L. to Worcester, Mass. length 45 miles.
Hampshire and Hampden Canal, see Connecticut Monta-
g . Canal, near the Montague falls in Connecticut river, 3
miles long. Start Hmdley Canal, round the S. H. falls in the
Connecticut, length 0 mites. Worcester Rail Road, 44 miles
in length. It is proposed to continue this road to the Connec-
ticut, and to construct a branch to Miiberry. Boston and
Providence Kail Rwd length 41 miles. Pedham Branch, 2$
miles, Taunton Branch, 11 miles. Boston and Lowell Rail
RtMid, length CO miles. Quincij Rail Road, used for trans-
porting granite from the quarry in Quiney to Neponset river,
length 3 miles, branches 1 mile. Andover and Haverhill
Rail Road, loA miles. Boston and Salem Rail Road, 15 ms.
long. Norwich and Worcester R^H Road, 59 miles. Worces-
ter and Springfield Rail Rihul, 54 miles. This road will ulti-
mately be extended to the Hudson river.
Sfasacre, I. Ala. [311.) M'Leansboro, 11. [165.]
Mathews, C. H^Va, 198.] M-Neils, N. C. (835.;
Itauch Chunk. P. (133.) M'MinnvihY, T. ,00 9.)
Maumee, O. (99.) M'Kjnstry, S. C. [254.)
M ..:uee R.. O. (98.) M*Catteums, S. C ,054.)
Mavsville, 11. ,103/ M-Cees, Miss. (265.]
M-Connelsville, O. (151.) M<Coun's BlutV. Ala. *6(>.)
M'Connelstown, P, (154) M-Clair, Miss. (880.)
^A
&
MEMPHIS.
67
M'Intoshs, G. (286.) Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.)
M'Intoshs C. H., G. (305.) Medina, O. (100.)
M'Daniels, Lou. (307.) Medway, Me. (85.)
MeadvilJe, P. (102.) Meigsville, O. (151.)
Memphis, Tenn. (224,) occupies the site of old Fort Picker-
ing, on the left bank of the Mississippi ; situated on the great
road from Nashville to Little Rock in Arkansas. Memphis ia
advancing in commercial importance. Its present population
is about 1500, which is rapidly augmenting in number.
ROUTES FROM MEMPHIS.
To New Orleans by Steamboat.
Louisville,
42 573
Arkansas river
172
Vicksburg,
284 456
To Little Rock,
Ark.
Natchez,
103 559
Marion
10
St. Francisvilie,
139 698
St. Francis,
30 40
Baton Rouge,
34 732
Walnut Camp,
34 74
New Orleans,
131 863
Cache P. O.
19 93
Bayou Meteau,
54 147
To Louisville,
by Steamboat.
Little Rock,
12 159
Greenock,
12
Randolph,
30 42
To Nashville
Fulton,
6 48
Summerville,
43
Little Prairie,
57 105
Bolivar,
24 67
New Madrid,
36 141
Jackson,
28 95
Columbus,
44 185
Huntingdon,
38 133
Mouth of Ohio,
17 202
Reynoldsburg,
29 162
America,
11 213
Charlotte,
39 201
Shawneetown,
108 321
Nashville,
39 240
Carthage,
19 340
Mt. Vernon,
12 332
To Florence, Al.
Hendersonville,
22 374
Raleigh,
9
Evansville,
11 385
Summerville,
34 43
Owensberg,
35 420
Bolivar,
24 67
Rockport,
8 428
Purdy,
30 97
Stephensport,
53 481
Savannah,
16 113
Leavenworth
33 514
Florence,
50 163
Northampton,
17 531 |
Meredith, N. Y.
(82.)
Metcalf boro, T. (229.)
Mercer, P. (102.)
Mexico, Mo. (162.)
Mercersburg, P.
(154.)
Micanopy, F. (329.)
Meridianviile, Ala. (248.)
Miccoton, F. (316.)
Merrittsville, S.
C. (232.)
OS MICHIGAN.
Michigan, state of ^-V is divided into 40 counties. V
lation in 1830,31,639. Area, 59,700 square miles. Capital
and metropolis, Detroit, let t#° 80 N. long. 60° l W, Gen-
ere] election, first Monday in October. Legislature meets,
first Monday iu January. Constitution formed May 11th,
13 •
r e governor Hilary $2000 end
lieute arnor arc elected for twc yea rs. lue present
fed lieutenant governor are to bold thftU offices until
the 1st Monday in January, I83&
S :.ie. — The legislative power is vested in a senate
and house of representatives. The members of the former
for twc years, one half of them every year, and to
S neatly as may be, of one-third of the number of
..lives, who art* chosen annually, and cannot be lej*s
ore than 100.
Donsists of a supreme court end sew
courts as me legislature may establish. The judges of the
supreme court are appointed by the governor and senate
years « circuit and probate w
end these of iv. - ..ted by the people for a term
S :cturt. — The southern part of tl - koryis
! .ntly undulating. The northern part is more
Uong 1 . - tore of Huron there are, in pieces, very
high blurts; and along the cast shore of 1 akc Michigan, are
in many places, immense hills of pure send of from fifty to
' hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by
the .. 5 -slant western winds, swe. - the lake
. margin on its eastern -
Rivers. — Maumee, Rastn, Huron, G
W .-. ! 1
a.
/'•. ':..-: ":.••:.< — Corn, w:\v.t, rye, buekw'
..'. vegetables, grov a ie great ubuu-
. Freneluev • . B owl stown, IV-
v • Arbour, Byton, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury-port,
& ' e , Port SIk St Joseph, a e
>• — Graft i Detroit
: ■ v . fast st shore of l eke Michigan; 197 miles
. » em am Detroit to Ann Arbour, 40 mi
M
ami Pvttuc Rail Road, 25 miles long
MIC
Mississippi. 69
Eric and Kalamazoo Rail Road, commences at Toledo in
Lucas county, Ohio, and is completed from thence to Adrian
33 miles. Branch of Ditto to Havre, 13 miles.
Southern Rail Road, from a point on the river Raisin, near
Monroe, to New Buffalo, via Hillsdale, Mason, Ccntrevillc,
Edwardsburg, &.c. ; length ahout 187 miles.
Detroit and Shelby Rail Road, 23 miles long.
Palmyra and Jackson Rail, Road, 46 miles long".
River Raisin and Lake Erie Rail Road, 50 miles.
Ypsilanli and Tecumseh Rail Road, 25 miles.
A canal, about 18 miles long, connecting the waters of the
Saginaw and Grand rivers; one from Mount Clemens to Sin-
gapore, via Pontiac, Howell, Hastings, &c, about 220 miles in
length ; and one designed to overcome the Falls of St. Mary,
arc in course of execution.
Michigan, Ind. (96.) Milford, P. (108.)
Middle T., Mich. (71.) Millcdgevtlle, capital of
Middle T., N. J. (134.) Geo. (270.)
Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.)
Middle T., O. (149.) Millgrove, S. C. (274.)
Middle T., Pa. (132.) Milhaven, G. (289.)
Middle T., K. (168.) Millheim, Pa. (131.)
Middlctown, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.)
Middletown, Con. (110.) Millvillc, N. J. (158.)
Middlctown, Va. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.)
Middletown, Pa. (128.) Milton, Vt. (36.)
Middlebury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. II. (62.)
Middicburn, Va. (152.) Milton, Pa. (106.)
Middleboro, Mass. (112.) Mineral Point, Wis. (67.)
Mifflin, Pa. (131.) Mines, lead, Mo. (184.)
Mikasukie, F. (316.) Miram, Ind. (145.)
10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi It. (92.)
Milford, D. (178.)
Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 56 counties.
Population, 1830, 136,621, including 65,659 slaves. Area
47,680 square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez.
Lat. 31° 35' N., Long. 14° 33' E. General election, first Mon-
day and Tuesday in November. Legislature meets, first
Monday in January biennially. Constitution formed, 1817.
Government. — The governor is elected for two years — salary
$3,000 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, and
auditor receives each $2,000 per annum, and the attorney-
general. $1,000.
70 MISSISSIPPI.
The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of
representatives, styled 77/e General Assembly cf the state of
Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for three
years, and the representatives annually. The number of the
representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more than 100, as
soon as the free population shall amount to 80,000. The
senate cannot consist of less than one-fourth nor more than
one-third, as many as there are representatives.
Judiciary. — High Court of Errors and Appeals, one chief,
and two associate judges, salary of each $2,000 per annum.
Superior Court of Chancery. Chancellor's salary $2,000.
The circuit court consists of a chief justice and eight
associate judges — the salary of each $2,000. The state is
divided into nine districts, in which the judges of the supreme
court severally hold circuit courts. These courts have original
jurisdiction in cases where the sum in dispute exceeds $50 ;
and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of justices of the
peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They have also criminal
jurisdiction. The county of Adams has a separate criminal
court, whose jurisdiction however, does not supersede that of
the circuit court.
Every organized county has a probate court, and a county
court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is the
presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of offences
committed by slaves, &c. The judges hold their offices during
good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years.
Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this stale, except in
cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his property from
his creditors.
Physical Structure.-^- Along the Mississippi river, at various
distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 feet in
height. The portions which are contiguous to the river, are
called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, Grand-Gulf-
blurl's, Natchez Bluffs, White Cliffs, and Loftus' Heights, &c.
The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high,
beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro-
ductive.
Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from south to
north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, an extensive
district of country, of various soils, but possessing much that
is alluvial and fertile.
The southern, middle and northern parts of this state, may
be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous ravines and
streams.
MISSISSIPPI. — MISSOURI. 7 1
In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still is,
it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, magnolia,
sweet gum, ash, maple, yellow poplar ; cypress in the swampy
alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &c. &c., with a great
variety of underwood, grape-vines, paw-paw, spice wood, &c.
Ritiers. — Mississippi, Yazoo^ Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha,
Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, Pearl,
Pascagoula, &c.
Productions.—^ Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, f g,
and fruits are abundant.
Towns. -^Jackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port
Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington,
Vicksburg, Warrenton, &c.
Internal Improvement. — St. Francisville and Woodville Rail
Road, 27 miles in length. Vicksburg and Clinton Rail Road,
length 54 miles. JSalchez and Canton Rail Road, 150 miles.
Jackson and Brandon Rail Road, 14 miles. Grand Gulf and
Port Gibson Rail Road, 7 miles long. The New Orleans and
Nashville Rail Road will pass through this state,
Missisinewa, Ind. (123.)
Missouri, state of, (115,) is divided into 62 counties, and had,
in 1830, a population of 140,455, including 25,091 slaves.
Area, 65,500 square miles; capital, Jefferson; metropolis, St.
Louis; latitude 38° 37' north, longitude 13° 14' east. General
election, first Monday in August, biennially ; legislature meet
first Monday in November, every second year; constitution
formed, 1820.
Government. — Governor, term of office four years — salary
$1500 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is president of the
senate.
Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a general
assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of representa-
tives. The members of the former body are elected for four
years ; the members of the latter, for two years. Every
county is entitled to one representative ; but the whole number
can never exceed 100 members. The senators are chosen by
districts. The constitutional number is not less than 14 nor
more than 33.
The elections for senators and representatives are held bien-
nially ; and for governor and iieutenant-governor once in four
years, on the first Monday in August. The legislature meets
72 MISSOURI.
every second year (at the city of Jefferson,) on the first Mon
day in November.
Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court,
circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general
assembly may, from time to time, establish.
The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the
consent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good
behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years.
The supreme court consists of a presiding judge and two
associate judges; the salary of each $1,100 per annum.
There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The
salary of each is 1,000 per annum.
Physical Structure. — The surface of this state is greatly
diversified. The alluvial bottoms are level. In the middle
part rises a hilly region, extending from St. Genevieve south-
westward into Arkansas, and is the commencement of the
Ozark Mountains of that state. The northern part is undu-
lating, but no where approaching what may, with propriety
be called mountainous. Extensive prairies stretch out on the
western and northern parts of this state. Even the St. Gene-
vieve hills are marked with this character, and have the
appearance, in places, of extensive uncultivated fields. The
mine region, which lies about 70 miles south-west of St. Louis,
is hilly, and a considerable portion of the state lying south of
the Missouri and Osage rivers, is of the same character,
and is in many places, marked with flint knobs of consi-
derable elevation. The country between the Mississippi and
Missouri rivers is delightfully undulating and variegated. The
prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile.
The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies
as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land.
Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. Fran-
cis, White, &c.
Towns. — Jefferson, the capital, St. Louis, New Madrid,
Perryville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Palmyra,
Hannibal, Wyaconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Franklin, Boone-
ville, Chariton, &c.
Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, tobacco,
hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. The
forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, yellow
poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, cypress, yel-
low pine, cedar, &c.
Internal Improvements. — Rail-roads are projected — From
MISSOURI MOBILE.
73
St. Louis to Fayette ; from St. Louis to Bellevue and Mara-
ttiec ; from Hannibal to Huntsville ; from St. Louis to Potosi ;
and one from Louisiana in Pike county, to Columbia, in Boone
county.
Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.)
Missouritoni (139.)
Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county,
has a population of about 4,000; several handsome churches,
cathedral, &c. and is a place of considerable trade.
ROUTES FROM MOBILE.
To New Orleans.
Dumfries,
15 62
Springhill, by stage, 6
St. Stephens,
31 93
Portersville, 24 30
Coffeeville,
18 111
(Thence to New Orleans
Demopolis,
87 198
by steamboat and rail-
Erie,
30 228
road, 123 miles.)
Tuscaloosa,
57 285
To Montgomery, by Stage.
To Montgomery,
by Steam
Taitsville, 35
Boat.
Burnt Corn, 52 87
Tombeckbee R.,
51
Fort Dale, 45 132
Fort Mimms,
8 59
Montgomery, 48 180
Claiborne,
45 104
=
Black Bluff,
26 130
To Leakesville, by Stage.
Canton,
50 180
Escatappa R. 28
Portland,
14 194
Chickasawhay R. 20 48
Cahawba,
22 216
Leakesville, 11 59
Selma,
15 231
Vernon,
44 275
To Tuscaloosa, by Stage.
Washington,
16 291
Florida, 31
Montgomery,
10 301
Dumfries, 15 46
"
St. Stephens, 24 70
To Pensacola,
by Steam
Clarksville, 14 84
Boat.
Choctawcorner, 28 112
DogR.,
10
Whitehall, 40 152
Fowl R.,
6 16-
Greensboro, 25 177
Fort Bowyer,
18 34
Tuscaloosa, 31 208
Perdido R.,
30 64
— , —
Barancas,
15 79
To Tuscaloosa, by Steam
Pensacola,
10 89
Boat.
Fort Stoddart, 47
74
MONTREAL.
To Pensacola, by Stage,
Sfc.
Blakely, by Steam B. 11
Bellefontaine, by
Stage,
Pensacola,
26 37
37 74
Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.)
Mobile Ft., Ala. (312.)
Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.)
Monks Corner, N. C. (273.)
Monroe, Mich. (99.)
Monroe, 0.(100.)
Monroe, G. (270.)
Monroe, T, (209.)
Montaug Pt., N. Y. (111.)
Montcalm, Mich. (72.)
Montezuma, N. Y. (57.)
Montezuma, Ala. (300.)
Montevalo, Ala. (267.)
Montgomery, N. Y. (108.)
Montgomery, T. (210.)
Montgomery, Ala. (284.)
Monticello,N. Y. (108.)
Monticello, K. (210.)
Monticello, G. (270.)
Monticello, Miss. (296.)
Monticello, Ala. (301.)
Monticello, F. (316.)
Montpelier, capital of Ver-
mont, (37.)
Montpelier, Ala. (312.)
Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British
America ; by the census of 1 825, it contained 24,787 inhabi-
tants ; this number has greatly increased since that time,
and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief objects of
interest in and about Montreal, are "the mountain," new
cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, baths, &c, in
St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nelson's monument,
convents, seminary of St. Sulpice, and several churches, public
walks, &c. (See map of Montreal.)
ROUTES FROM MONTREAL.
To Quebec, by Steam Boat,
To Albany, by Steam Boat
(the distances by
land are
and Stage.
nearly the same.)
La Prairie, by Stage,
8
St. Sulpice, by Stage,
27
' St. Johns,
17 25
La Valtrie,
5 32
Isle au Noix,
9 34
La Norayc,
10 42
o
Chazy,
15 49
William Henry,
11 53
W
Plattsburg,
14 63
Three River,
43 96
S *
S. Hero,
8 71
Gentilly,
14 110
cd
-2
Burlington,
9 80
St. Anne,
15 125
m
Essex,
15 95
Pt. aux Trembles,
38 163
Bason Harbor,
9 104
Quebec,
17 180
1
„ Crown Pt.
12 116
MONTREAL.
75
5 S Ticonderoga,
5 r
Til
Whitehall,
'Fort Ann,
Sandy Hill,
Fort Miller,
Stillwater,
Troy,
I Albany,
14 130
23 153
14 167
9 176
11 187
18 205
14 219
6 225
To Boston, by Stage, via
Burlington, Vt.
St. Johns, 25
PhiJlipsburg, 23 48
St. Albans, 16 64
Milton, 13 77
Burlington, 12 89
Richmond, 14 103
Montpelier, 26 129
Chelsea, 24 153
Dartmouth Col. 25 178
Shaker's Vil, 11 189
Andover, 22 211
Concord, N. H. 24 235
Hookset Falls, 8 243
Londonderry, 19 262
Montrose, Pa. (107.)
Morristown, N. J. (134.)
Mooneys, Ark. (243.)
Moore, N. C. (256.)
Moorfield, O. (127.)
Moorfields, Va. (153.)
Moosehead lake, Me. (19.)
Moscow, Mo. (162.)
Moosetocmaguntic Lake,
Me. (39.)
Moundville, Mich. (44.)
Mount Holly, N. J. (158.)
Mount Joliet, II. (94.)
M'Coy, Mich. (48.)
Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.)
Mt. Desert Id., Me. (41.)
Mt. Maria, Fa. (107.) j
Andover,
Boston,
20 282
21 303
To the Falls of Niagara, by
Steam Boat, Sfc.
La Chine,
Cascades, 16
Les Cedres 7
Coteau du Lac, 7
Lake St. Francis, 4
Head of ditto. 22
Cornwall,
Long Saut I.
Chrysler's Field,
Hamilton,
6
10
17
1
18
8
24
31
38
42
64
70
80
97
98
116
Prescot,
Elizabethtown, 14 130
Kingston, 48 178
Oswego, ' . 58 236
Coburg, 74 310
Port Hope, 36 346
Toronto, (York), 66 412
Niagara Vil. 30 442
Queenston, 7 449
Falls of Niagara, 6 455
Mt. Pleasant, K. (211.)
Mt. Carmel, II. (166.)
Mt. Sterling, K. (170.)
Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.)
Mt. Vernon, Me. (39.)
Mt. Vernon, O. (126.)
Mt. Vernon, II. (165.)
Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.)
Mt. Vernon, K. (190.)
Moscow, Mo. (163.)
Mullins Ford, G. (251.)
Munfordsville, K. (189.)
Monroe, Lou. (278).
Munrows, N. C. (235.)
Munsee T., In. (123.)
Murfreesboro, T. (228.)
Murcellas, G. (305.)
76
NASHVILLE*
Murphy, N. C. (215.)
Muskingum R., O. (127.)
Miamisport, Ind. (123.)
Miami R., O. (148.)
Maysville, K. (170.)
Maysville, Va. (196.)
Morgan, N. C. (256.)
Morganfield, K. (187.)
Morgantown, Va. (152.)
Morgantown, K. (188.)
Morgantown, N. C. (233.
Morganville, Va. (196.)
Moulton, Ala. (247.)
N.
Natchitoches, Lou. (293.)
Natural Bridge, Va. (195.)
Natural Bridge Va. (212.)
Natural Bridge, F. (314.)
Nacogdoches, (292.)
Nantucket, Mass. (112.)
Nantucket I., Mass. (112.)
Natches, Miss. (295.)
Nashville, T. (2(8), the capital and most important town
in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remarkably
beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public buildings
are : a court-house, market-house, college, academy, baptist,
presbyterian and episcopalian churehes, penitentiary, water-
works by which the city is supplied with water from the
Cumberland, &c.
ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE.
To Florence, Ala. by Stage.
Franklin,
Columbia,
Mt. Pleasant,
Lawrenceburg,
Florence,
23
11
22
41
18
41
52
74
115
To Memphis, by Stage.
Charlotte,
Reynoldsburg,
Huntingdon,
Jackson,
Bolivar,
Summerville,
Memphis,
39
29
38
28
24
43
39
78
107
145
173
197
240
To Knoxville, by Stage.
Lebanon, 28
Alexandria, 18 46
Liberty, 8 54
Sparta, 32 86
Crab Orchard,
Kingston,
Loveville,
Knoxville,
38 154
20 144
23 167
14 181
To Hvntsville, by Stage.
Nolensville,
Gideonville,
Farmington,
Fayetteville,
Hazel Green,
Huntsville,
21
12
27
17
12
17
38
50
77
94
106
To Lexington, K. by Stage.
Haysboro, 6
Franklin, K. 29 35
Bowlinggreen, 22 57
Monroe, 51 108
New Market, 31 139
Harrodsburg, 34 173
Lexington, 29 202
NEW
2VEW HAMPSHIRE.
77
To New Orleans \
by Steam
l To Louisville, by Steam
Boat.
Boat.
Hillsboro,
20
Ohio River, as above, 203
Clarkesville,
49 69
1 Rock Haven, 34 237
Palmyra,
6 75
Shawneetown, 27 264
Dover,
32 107
Carthage, 19 283
Eddyville,
55 162
Mt. Vernon, 12 295
Ohio River,
41 203
Hendersonville, 27 317
America,
47 250
Rockport, 54 371
Memphis,
225 475
Leavenworth, 86 457
Vicksburg,
456 931
Louisville, 59 516
Natchez,
103 1034
New Orleans,
304 1338
New Castle and Frenchtown
Rail Road, see Delaware,
(157.)
New Jersey Rail Road, see
New Jersey, (134.)
Nash C. H., N. C. (236.)
Nashua, N. H. (85.-)
Nelson, K. (169.)
Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.)
Neuson, S. C. (255.)
Neuse River, N. C. (236.)
New Alexandria, Pa. (129.)
Newark, O. (126.)
Newark, N. J. (134.)
New Berlin, Pa. (131.)
New Berlin, N. Y. (81.)
New Bedford, Mass. (112.)
Newberne, N. C. (237.)
Newberry, S. C. (253.)
Newburn, Va. (194.)
Newburg, N. Y. (108.)
Newbaryport, Mass. (86.)
Newbury port, Mich. (70.)
New Castle, Pa. (102.)
New Castle, Ind. (147.)
New Castle, K. (168.)
Newcastle, D. (157.)
New Columbia, Miss. (297.)
Newcomers, O. (127.)
New Geneva, Pa. (153.)
New Hampshire, (62,) is divided into eight counties. Popu-
lation in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. Capital,
Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. long. 6° IP
E. General election, second Wednesday in March. Legis-
lature meet, first Wednesday in June. Constitution formed,
1792.
Government.— Governor, salary $1,200. Five counsellors,
all elected annually. The legislative power is vested in a
senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, the General
Court. The members of both are elected annually by the
people, on the second Wednesday in March.
Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice,
salary $1,400 and two associate judges, $1,200 each. Court
7*
78
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
of Common Pleas, consists of 16 justices, who act in conjunc-
tion with the judges of the supreme court.
Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five miles of
the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central part of the
state it becomes hilly, with an occasional mountain peak or
spur, from the elevated region in the north. All above is
mountainous, having the White Hills, Moosehillock, Monad-
nuc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other mountains, which
impart to the entire north half of the state, a rugged and
broken aspect.
Rivers. — Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, Pis-
cataqua, &c,
Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Dover,
Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Claremont, Haverhill,
Plymouth, Lebanon, &c.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock,
provisions, &c.
Internal Improvements. — Nashua and Lowell Rail Road, 15
miles long, to be extended to Concord, N. H. Concord Rail
Road. Bow Canal, near Concord, around Bow falls, three
quarters of a mile long. Hookset Canal, at the Hookset fall of
Merrimac, 825 feet in length. Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of
Amoskeig in the Merrimac. Union Canal, passes seven falls
in the Merrimac ; length, including pools, nine miles. Sewalls
Falls Canal.
New Haven, O. (100.)
New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of
Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square in
the centre of the town, stand the public buildings, state-house,
Yale College, and several very handsome churches. The other
places worthy of attention are, the observatory, museum, alms-
house, and various factories, and the cemetery.
ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN.
To New York,
by Stage
Stamford,
9
44
Milford,
11
West Greenwich,
7
51
Stratford,
5
16
Rye,
4
55
Black Rock,
6
22
Mamaronec,
6
61
Southport,
5
27
West Chester,
8
69
Saugatuck,
4
31
New York,
15
84
Norwalk,
4
35
•■
ROUTES PROM NEW HAVEN. ")£
To New York, by
Steam
Southington, 6 22
Boat.
Farmington, 11 33
Black Rock,
23
Northington, 7 40
Southpoit,
5 28
Simsbury, 7 47
Old well,
8 36
Granby, 5 52
Stamford Harb.
8 44
West Greenwich,
8 52
To Hartford, by Stage.
New York,
35 87
North Haven, 5
Wallingford, 9 14
To Providence, by
Steam
Meriden, 4 18
Boat.
Worthington, 6 24
Faulkner's Island,
16
Newington, 6 30
Connecticut R.,
19 35
Hartford, 6 36
New London Harb.
14 49
. ,* —
(Thence to N. London
To Hartford, via Middle-
4 miles )
town.
Point Judith,
35 84
Northford, 10
Newport,
14 98
Durham, 8 18
Pawtuxet,
20 118
Middletowh, 7 25
Providence,
5 123
Stepney, 8 33
Hartford, 8 41
To Danbury, by Stage.
Derby,
10
To Newport, by Stage.
Honsatonic Ferry,
3 13
Branford, 8
New Strafford,
4 17
Guilford, 10 18
Newton,
8 25
E.Guilford, 4 22
Danbury,
9 34
Westbrook, 9 31
Connecticut R., 6 37
To Granby, by Canal.
New London, 17 54
East Plains,
6
Mystic, 8 62
Hamden,
2 8
Newport, 39 101
Cheshire,
8 16
New Hope, Pa. (134.)
New Inlet, N. C. (239.)
New Ipswich, N. H
(85.)
New Iberia, Lou. (322.)
New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 17 counties.
Population in 1830, 320,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area,
7,500 square miles. Capital, Trenton ; Metropolis, Newark,
lat. 40° 44' N. long. 2° 45' E. General election, second Tues-
day in October. Legislature meets, fourth Tuesday in Octo-
ber. Constitution formed, 1776.
Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote of
the council and assembly ; salary, $2,000 per annum ; he is
80 ni:w JERSEY.
president of the oouncil. The governor, in conjunction with
the oounoili form a court of appeals, Legislature is composed
of a Initiative council, consisting of I I memhers, mid gonerul
assernoly >r><> members ; the members of both houses' are elected
annually.
Judiciary, — Supreme1 court, composed ofa chief justice, sal*
iiiy $1900 per annum, and two associate judges, $1100 per
annum eaohi The judges are appointed by the legislature;
those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those
of the inferior courts for n v< - years.
Physical Structure, — All that part of the state which lies
south ofa lino extending from Bordentown to Amboy, is level,
partly oomposed of sea sand, which is entirely destitute of
vegetationi Immediately north of this line, an improvement
hi the surface and general oharadter of (he soil becomes visible ;
hills appear in rapid BueoessiOn, fbrming steps up to the
elevated region in Morris and Sussex counties. These, and tin;
adjoining counties are muoh broken \>y the ridges of the Alio-
gheny mountains, which intersect this part of the state, ranging
in a direction from north-east to south-west.
Riven, — Delaware, Hudson, Passaio, Raritan, Millstone,
Efaokensaok, Sohencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, Mau-
rice, Ranoocus, Musooneoung, Pawlings, Sac,
Productions, —Wheat, rye, oorny buckwheat, &c
Towns.-- Newark. Patersori, New Brunswiok, Trenton,
Elizabethtown, Belvidere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, iMount
Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &o.
Infernal linpiovrmruts — Delaware ami litirittm Canal,
commenoes at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, and
along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New Bruns*
wick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder ~ I miles long1
has been constructed along the east hank of the Delaware,
intersecting the main trunk in the city of Trenton. — Morris
Canal, commences at Jersey City, opposite New York, and
terminates on ihc Delaware at Phillipsbutg, opposite Easton.
Length 101 miles. Salem Canal, extends from Salem creek
to the Delaware. Length, fbnr miles. — Mamasouatn and Ihn-
negat ('anal., (proposed), — Washington Canal, CUti off a con-
siderable bend in Mannlapan creek, and lessens the distance
from Washington to (he; Raritan river. Length, one mile. —
Camden and Amboy Rail Road, commences at Camden, oppo-
siie Philadelphia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length (il
miles. — Paterson and Hudson Jiiiur Hail, Road, from Jersey
city opposite New York, to Putcrson, on the Paasiuc. Length
Ni:w ORLEANS.
81
1G 30*100 rnil<;. n if proposed to extend this road to iht
Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commencef on the l<i«t
mentioned raiLroad, about two milei from Jersey City* and
terminates at New Brunswick ; length, 31 miles. Camden
uikI, Woodbury Rail Howl, completed and in oscj 'i miles.
"Elizabeth and Sorrwrr/Ult: Hud Idtud, in i>n>i'rc/.vA. N<:w Jcr-
iey and Hudson Rail Road, Delaware and Atlantic Rait
Road. And the Morris and Eeeex, Burlington and Mi. Holly*
Belvidere and Delaware, Camden and Mi. Holly Rail Road$t
ate proposed, and the necessary measure! have been taken to
ensure their execution!
Now Echota, a. (2490
London, ( 'on, (1 10.)
Now London, Mo, (141.)
New Lexington, Ind. a 68.)
Now Lisbon, O. (128.)
Now Lebanon, N.C, (218.)
Now Milford,Con. (109.)
Newmarket, "/a. (175.)
Madrid, Mo. (205.)
New Mexico, Miss. (27ft.)
New Portland, M. (390
Now Richmond, 0.(1500
Orleans, L. (3240 4-n': great commercial emporium of
the Mississippi valley, wai founded in 1719, and has about
6*0,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest ore the
cathedral in Chartres itreet, College iri St. Oloude street,
Ursulino Con von t in L'rsulino hl.root, OrloariH thoatro, St. Anno
street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, City HalL
Condc itreet, churches, almi house, &c< Five miles below the
centre of the city if the ground, rendered memorable by the
battle of the 8thof January, 1815.
ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.
To lMui.Hr/dLc, by Steam lioal.
Arnaads Point,
Red Church,
DcHtrotohons I't.
Bonnet Q. Bend,
B. Quarre Church,
Cantrelf \><>.
Hampt
Donaldson ville,
St.. Gabi iels,
Plaquemine,
Baton Rouge,
Thomas Pt.
Thompson*! Cr.
9
12
2
5
19
8
24
6
18
JJ
13
22
34
36
41
60
68
73
78
i 02
108
126
1 37
12 149
St. FrancisrUle and i't.
Coupee,
jo 159
Tunica,
27 186
Red Itivor,
22 208
Fort Adams,
9 217
Homocbitto R.
10 227
White Cliffs,
27 2.r>4
Natchez,
J7 271
Coles Crook,
22 2!;.**
Rodney,
19 'M-i
Broinsburg,
4 316
Grand Gulf*, and ln>
Blacb River,
14 890
Pt. Pleasant,
10 340
Palmyra.
n :i 5 :^
82
ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.
Warrenton,
14
367
To St. Louis, by
Steam Boat.
Vicksburg,
10
377
Mouth of Ohio, as
above, 991
Yazoo River,
12
389
Tyawappita B.
29 950
Tompkins,
32
421
Cape Girardeau,
13 963
Providence,
26
447
Bainbridge,
9 972
Princeton,
8
455
Muddy R.
13 985
Old River,
48
503
Kaskaskia R.
31 1016
Pt. Chicot,
12
515
St. Genevieve,
17 1033
Arkansas River,
59
574
Chartier I.
11 1044
White R.
9
583
Herculaneum,
19 1063
Helena,
60
643
Maramec R.
11 1074
St. Francis I.
14
657
Carondelet,
12 1086
35° N. Lat.
48
705
St. Louis.
6 1090
Noncona R.
10
715
Memphis,
4
719
To Balize and Gulf of Mexico,
Greenock,
12
731
by Steam
Boat.
3rd Chickasaw Bluff, 18
749
Battle Ground,
5
Randolph,
12
761
English Turn,
6 11
Fulton,
6
767
Fort St. Leon,
5 16
Plum Pt.
11
778
Poverty Pt.
18 34
Needhams Cut-off,
26
804
Grand Prairie,
27 61
Little Prairie,
20
824
Fort St. Philip,
9 70
Riddle's Pt
23
847
S. W. Pass,
9 79
New Madrid,
13
860
South Pass,
2 81
Mills Pt.
28
888
Pass a* Loutre,
2 83
Columbus,
16
904
Balize,
4 87
Mouth of Ohio,
17
921
Gulf,
5 92
America,
11
932
Tennessee R.
36
968
To Natchitoches
, by Steam
Cumberland R.
11
979
Boat.
Rock Cave,
41
1020
Red River, as above, 208
Shawneetown,
20
1040
Ouachita,
36 244
Carthage,
19
1059
Bayou Saline,
20 264
Mt. Vernon,
12
1071
Alexandria,
54 318
Hendersonville,
22
1093
Bayou Cane,
60 378
Evansville,
11
1104
Natchitoches,
24 402
Owensburg,
35
1139
Rockport, "
8
1147
To Little Rock,
by Steam
Stephensport,
53
1200
Boat.
Leavenworth,
33
1233
Arkansas R. as above, 574
Northampton,
17
1250
Arkansas,
27 601
Louisville,
42
1292
Harrington's,
43 644
(For continuation to Cin-
Vaugines,
23 667
cinnati, Pittsburg
&c.
Little Rock,
81 748
See "Louisville."
ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS.
83
To Mobile, by Steam Boat
and Stage.
L. Ponchartrain, by Rail
Road,
'Pt. Aux Herbes, 15
GG
Ft. Coquilles,
L. Borgne,
Grand Island,
St. Joseph's Isl.
g <{ W. Marianne,
E. Marianne,
Cat Island,
Deer Island,
Krebsville Har.
^Portersville,
Mobile, by stage,
7
11
9
4
6
5
10
17
5
20
27
38
47
51
57
62
72
89
18 107
16 123
30 153
To St. Stephens, by Stage.
Madisonville, 32
Jacksonville, 40 72
Leakesville, 66 138
Chickasawhay R. 17 155
St. Stephens, 24 179
To Natchez.
Madisonville, by St. Bt. 32
Liberty, by Stage, 69 101
Natchez, " " 50 151
New Orleans and Lake Pont-
chartrain Canal, see Lou-
isiana, (309.)
New Orleans and Pontchar-
train Rail Road, See Lou-
isiana, (309.)
New Philadelphia, O. (127.)
Newport, N. Y. (55.)
Newport, N. H. (61.)
Newport, Ind. (145.)
Newport, R. 1.(111.)
To Berwick's Bay, and thence
to Opelousas.
Donaldsonville, 78
Veret Canal, 14 92
S. end Canal, 7 99
Lake Palourde, 13 112
Berwick's Bay, 10 122
Franklin, 21 143
Fausse Pt. 27 170
St. Martinsville, S 178
Opelousas, 36 214
To Nashville, by Stage, via
Florence, Ala.
L. Pontcbartrain, 5
Madisonville, 27 32
Covington, 7 39
Jacksonville, 33 72
Columbia, ' 30 102
Ellisville, 48 150
Old Church, 47 197
Koomsha, 45 242
Columbus, 68 310
Pikeville, 64 374
Russelville, 30 404
Florence, 22 426
Lawrenceburg, 41 467
Mt. Pleasant, 22 489
Columbia, 11 500
Franklin, 23 523
Nashville, 18 541
Newport, Mo. (162.)
Newport, O. (151.)
Newport, T. (231.)
N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.)
Newtown, Mich. (48.)
Newtown, N. Y. (80.)
Newtown, N. J. (108.)
Newtown, II. (143.)
Newville, Pa. (131.)
New York, Va. (175.)
84 NEW YORK.
New York, state of, (78,) is divided into 56 counties. Popu-
lation in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 49,000
square miles. Capital, Albany ; metropolis, New York; lat.
40° 43' N., long. 2° 55' E. : general election at such time in
October or November, as the legislature may provide. Legis-
ture meet, first Tuesday in January ; Constitution formed,
1821.
Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary
$4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay,
$6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate consisting
of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one-fourth
being chosen annually. House of representatives, consists of
128 members, elected annually. Pay, $3 a day.
Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $2,500 per
annum ; register, &,c. The eight circuit judges are vice-
chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court —
chief justice, $2,500 a year, and two associate judges, each
2,500 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight
judges, salary of each, $1,600.
Supreme court of the city of New York, chief justice and
two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum.
Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is greatly
diversified : the Allegheny mountains pass through this section
about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross the Hudson
below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the
state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill
mountains may be seen in the distance ; these are the most
elevated mountains in the state. There arc mountains of great
elevation west of lake Champiain, some of which are 3000 feet
above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undu-
lating, being entirely destitute of such mountains as mark its
eastern section.
Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Sus-
quehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Osvvegatchie,
Raquctte, Saranac, &c.
Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several
kinds of grasses, vegetables and fruit. Iron is found in great
abundance, gypsum, limestone, marble, slale, and lead occur in
many places. in the centre of the state, salt is made in im-
mense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well
known, the chief of which, those at Saratoga, are resorted to
by people from all quarters.
NEW YORK. 85
Cities and Towns. — New York, (city) 5 Albany, the capital,
Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hudson, New-
burg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a large number of
incorporated villages, and others not incorporated, having
names different from their respective townships.
Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to Buf-
falo, length, 363 miles. Navigable feeder, 8 miles. — Cham-
plain Canal, from the Erie Canal to Whitehall, length inclu-
ding feeders and river navigation, 79 miles. — Hudson and
Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the
mouth of the Lackawaxen, length, 82£ miles. — Oswego Canal,
from Salina to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca Canal, from
Montezuma to Geneva, length 21 miles.— Chemung Canal,
from Elmyra to Seneca lake, 23 miles; feeder 16 miles. —
Crooked Lake Canal, from Penyan to Seneca lake, 8 miles. —
Tonnawanta Canal, from the Erie Canal, near Wrightsville,
to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. Harlaem Canal, on
Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East River, length 1 J
miles.
Chenanga Canal, from Binghamton to Erie Canal length
97 miles. — -Black River Canal, from Rome to the falls of Black
river, 35 miles, and feeders 11 miles. — Sodus Canal, from Sodus
Bay to Seneca river. Genesee Valley Canal, 107, and feeders
15 miles.
Rail-Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail-Road, from Albany
to Schenectady, 15 miles. — Schenectady and Saratoga Rail-
Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 21 ^ miles. —
Catskill and Canajoharie Rail-Road, from Catskill to Canajo-
harie (now in progress,) 70 miles. — Ithaca and Owego Rail-
Road,^ miles. — Harlaem Rail-Road, on Manhattan Island, 5
miles. — Rochester Rail- Road, (now in progress,) from Roches-
ter to a point below the falls of Genesee 3 miles. — Schenectady
and Utica Rail-Road, length 78 miles. — Bath Rail-Road, from
Bath to Crooked lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail-
Road, (in progress) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballston Rail-Road,
24^ miles. — Brooklyn and Jamaica Rail-Road, 12 miles. —
Buffalo and Black Rock Rail-Road, 3 miles. — Buffalo and
Niagara Falls Rail-Road, 23 miles. — Lockport and Niagara
Falls Rail-Road, 20 miles. — Hudson and Stockbridge Rail-
Road. Several other rail-roads are proposed in various parts
of the state, portions of some are now in use.
New York city, (134.) The commercial emporium of the
United States, and metropolis of the state of New York,, is
8
86
NEW YORK.
situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers
in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from Washington.
The city proper, or that portion where the population is
mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Man-
hattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaem, York-
ville, and some other villages, is under the jurisdiction of the
city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York.
The city, together with the suburbs just mentioned, contained
in 1830, upwards of 30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants.
The population at this time (1839) may be estimated at
288,000. The densely settled part of the island, or what is
called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet or ten miles,
nearly. Its principal streets are Broadway, in which most of
the retail business is transacted, Greenwich street, Pearl street,
Broad, Wall and Chatham streets, the Bowery, Maiden-Lane,
&c. &c. ,
The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city
hall, in the park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, college,
hospital, Clinton hall, in Broadway ; battery, castle garden,
N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms-house, three the-
atres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy
of Design, masonic hall, in Broadway, house of refuge, or-
phan's asylum, lunatic asylum, besides many others, and about
100 churches, some of which are very splendid and capacious.
The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and
ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers.
Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at and depart from the
city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United
States.
ROUTES FROM NEW YORK.
To Albany, by Steam Boat.
Nyack, on Tappan sea,
3 29
Fort Ganeswort,
2
Sparta &. State Prison,
3 32
Hamilton's Monument,
2 4
Tellers Point,
2 34
Manhattanville,
3 7
Haver straw & Croton,
1 35
Fort Lee,
3 10
Stony Point,
3 38
Spuyten Duyvel Cr.
2 12
Verplank's Point,
1 39
Phillipsburg,
4 16
Peekskill,
2 41
Dobb's Ferry,
6 22
St. Anthony's nose,
2 43
Tappan Landing,
3 25
Fort Clinton,
1 44
Tarry town,
1 26
West Point,
7 51
* Since the first edition of this
and 470 other huildings, have been
work was issued, the Exchange,
destroyed by fire.
Port Canes
ty
fe
N
*
1 Mil AuH^
| -U<dJ..0J
forth Battery^ -"i^'JiiJ .
-#^
:v ^
GOVERNORS IV
fcoluinl.n
* i, it i-i^* ^/- -r. \ v
a -.i>iU......'y/ v:vXCs-\VJ ^_
-#fw4^
GOVEEKOTtS IV
4
&
^
rfN^uUuH
T|^/^\)jJJi
--;(<J"/,../'''.s„^ \.
w ^k.
mmw-wmsE
a f
S rale of Feet.
NEW YORK.
87
59
61
♦8 f Crows Nest Mt. 4 55
g J Butter Hill, 1 56
2 1 Caldwell, 1 57
g ! Canterbury, 1 58
New Windsor, 1
Newburg, West side, ) ^
Fiskill landing, E. S. ^
Hamburg, 6 67
Hampton, 1 68
Barnegat, 2 70
Poukeepsie, 5 75
Hyde Park, 5 80
Pclham, 3 83
Walkill Cr. 6 89
Rhinebeck, 1 90
Redhook, L. L. 6 96
Glasgow, 3 99
Redhook,U.L. 1 100
Saugerties, 1 101
Bristol, 1 102
Catskill 9 111
(Thence to Pine Orchard, 14
miles.)
Hudson and Athens, 5 116
Columbiaville, 5 121
Coxackie, 3 124
Kinderhook Landing, 1 125
New Baltimore, 5 130
Coeymans, 2 132
Schodack> 2 134
Castleton, 1 135
Albany, 10 145
For routes from Albany,
see article " Albany."
The stage route from N.
York to Albany, does not
differ materially from the
above.
To Boston, by Steam Boat.
Newtown Creek, 4
Hell Gate, 5 9
Flushing Bay, 4 13
Throgs Point,
Cow Neck,
New Rochelle L.
West Greenwich,
Stamford,
Old well,
Southport,
Black rock,
Stratford Point,
New Haven harb.,
3 16
2 18
6 24
11 35
8 43
8 51
8 59
5 64
7 71
12 83
(Thence to N. Haven,
4 miles.)
Falkner's Is. 12 95
Hammonasset Pt., 8 103
Connecticut River, 11 114
New London harb., 14 128
(Thence to N. London,
4 miles,)
Fishers Is. 5 133
Point Judith, 30 163
Beaver Tail, (Narragan-
setbay,) 9 172
Newport, 5 177
Bristol Harb., 10 187
Pawtuxet, 10 197
Providence, 5 202
Boston, by land, 43 245
QD
To Philadephia, via
Amboy, fyc.
f Castle Williams,
Bedlow's Is.
Kills,
Ryers Ferry,
c ^ Newark bay,
Elizabethtown pt
Rahway River,
Perth Amboy,
t South Amboy,
. C Spotswood,
«j | West's,
*? -{ Rocky Brook,
'IS J Centreville,
P3 ^ Bordentown,
South
1
2
5
7
8
12
16
25
27
36
4 40
8 48
4 52
9 61
88
NEW '
STORK.
f Bristol,
10 71
Kingston,
13 47
B3 J Buriington,
1
72
Princeton,
3 50
^ j Point no point,
L Philadelphia,
14 86
Trenton,
10 60
5 91
Bristol,
11 71
Holmsburg,
11 82
To Philadelphia by Rail Road
Frankford,
4 86
via Trenton.
Philadelphia,
5 91
Jersey City,
1
Hackensack river,
4
5
To Easton, Pa.
by Stage.
.Newark,
5
10
Newark,
10
Bound Brook,
3
13
Morristown,
19 29
Elizabeth town,
3
16
Chester,
13 42
Rahway,
3
19
Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50
Matauchin,
6
25
Mansfield,
11 61
New Brunswick,
5
30
Easton,
15 76
Sand Hills,
9
39
Williamsburg-,
7
46
To Ithaca,
N. Y.
Clarks,
3
49
Newark,
10
Trenton,
8
57
Pompton,
21 3t
Tyburn,
3
60
SnufFtown,
12 43
Tullytown,
3
63
Deckertown,
12 55
Bristol,
4
67
Milford,
17 72
Dunksville,
4
71
Wilsonville,
24 96
Pennepack Cr.
4
75
Rixes Gap, Pa.
15 111
Frankford,
4
79
Montrose,
34 145
R. R. Depot,
43
^4
83|
o£ S Owego,
c^ ( Ithaca,
32 177
State H. Phila.
2
85|
30 207
To Philadelphia, via New
To New Haven Con., by
Brunswick, Sf
m
Stage.
Perth Amboy, S. Bt.
25
West Chester,
15
New Brunswick, "
12
37
Mamaronec,
8 23
o I Kingston,
14
51
Rye,
6 29
§° < Princeton,
3
54
West Greenwich,
2 31
at f Trenton,
10
64
Stamford,
7 38
^ S Bordentown,
02 f Philadelphia,
6
70
Norwalk,
9 47
30
100
Saugatuck,
4 51
Southport,
4 55
To Philadelphia, by Stage.
Fairfield,
3 58
Newark,
10
Bridgeport,
4 62
Elizabethtown,
6
16
Stamford,
4 66
Rah way,
5
21
Milford,
5 71
New Brunswick,
13 34
New Haven,
11 82
NIAGARA. 89
To Montauk Pt., by Stage, i Morriches, 10 68
Jamaica, 11 ! Quag, 9 77
Dix Hills, 18 29 S. Hampton, 14 91
Smithtown, 11 40 B.Hampton, 7 98
Carman, 18 58 Montauk Pt. 23 121
Niagara, U. C. (54.)
Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and unequalled
work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone rocks, which
is here broken and torn asunder by the waters from the great
lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere
shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario,
up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet.
The elevation of the great cataract from its brow at the
crescent, to the surface of the strait is 158 feet, hence it will
be seen that the rapids above the falls have a greater actual
descent than the falls themselves. The rapids commence near
the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice.
The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass,
increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the
velocity of the current and the turbulence of its troubled waters.
No spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the
great falls, when viewed in connexion with the rapids above.
The high grounds in the rear of Forsyth's hotel, affords such
a view.
In addition to the falls, there are several interesting objects
in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among them may
be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet of Chippewa
creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and
platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer's cave just below the
falls; mineral spring \ mile below; the battle fields of Chip-
pewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's monument,
Welland canal, and the villages of Chippewa, Manchester,
Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora indians, &c.
ROUTES FROM NIAGARA.
To Montreal, via Lake Onta-
rio, by Steam Boat. Sfc.
Queenston, 6
Niagara Vil., 7 13
Toronto, (York,) 30 43
Port Hope, 66 109
Coburg, 36 145
8*
Oswego,
74 219
Duck's Island,
23 242
Kingston,
35 277
Elizabeth town,
48 325
Prescot,
14 339
Hamilton,
18 357
Long Saut I.,
18 375
90
NIC
NOR
Cornwall, 10 385
Lake St. Francis, 6 391
Foot of do. 22 413
Coteau du Lac, 4 417
Les Cedres, 7 424
Cascades, 7 431
La Chine, 16 447
Montreal, 8 455
To Lockport, by Rail Road.
Cayuga Cr. 11
Cambria, 3 14
Lockport, 6 20
To Rochester, by Stage.
Lewistown, 7
Cambria, 15 22
Hartland, 11 33
Oak Orchard, 14 47
Gainesville,
Clarkson,
Parma,
Rochester,
7 54
16 69
7 76
11 87
To Buffalo, by Stage, Canada
side.
Chippawa, 2
Waterloo, 15 17
Black rock, 1 18
Buffalo, 1 19
To Buffalo Am. side by Rail
Road.
Schlosser, 2
Tonnewanta, 11 13
Black Rock, 9 22
Buffalo, 1 23
Nicholasburg, Pa. (129.)
Nicholasville, K. (190.)
Nickojack, G. (249.)
Noblesboro, Pa. (128.)
Noblesville, Ind. (123.)
Norfolk, Va. (218.)
Norridgewock, Me. (40.)
Norristown, Pa. (133.)
Northampton, Mass. (84.)
Northampton, C. H., Va.
(199.)
Norfield, Mass. (84.)
Northwood, N. H. (62.)
North West Canal, see N.
Carolina, (218.)
Northumberland, Pa. (132.)
North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 counties.
Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves. Area,
49,500 square miles ; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, Newburn,
in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General election, no fixed
day. Constitution formed, 1776, amended, 1835.
Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary
$2,000 ; is chosen by the qualified voters biennially ; is not
eligible more than four years in any term of six years. Secre-
tary of state, salary, $800 and fees. Treasurer $1500 per annum :
and council of state, who are to continue in office two years.
Legislature, — consists of a senate composed of 50 members,
and a house of commons, of 120 members; all chosen bienni-
ally ; meet every two years.
Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice,
salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per
NORTH CAROLINA. 91
annum. Circuit Court consists of seven judges. AH the judges are
appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons.
The members of these bodies are elected by the people.
Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents almost
every variety of surface. In the east, we find immense
flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp and other alluvious matter,
but little elevated above their common parent, the Atlantic
ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights
present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number
in approaching the western section of the state, which is in
every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated
peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon,
Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &cc.
Riters. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Famplico, Neuse, Cape
Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad,
&c.
Productions — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch,
turpentine, lumber, and recently gold.
Towns. — Raleigh, the capital; Newborn, Salisbury, Wil-
mington, Fayetteviile, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro,
Halifax, Alilton, «£c,
Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Vir-
ginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the
preceding, extends from lake Drummond to the summit level
of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West
Canal, connects 2N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal,
length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of
the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of
Roanoke, above the towns of Welden and Blakely, length 12
miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal, extends from the head
waters of Clubfoot to those of Harlow creek, near Beaufort,
length lg miles. The navigation of the Roanoke from tbe
Weldon Canal, to the town of Salem in Tirsrinia, a distance
of 232 miles. The Cape Fear, the Yadkin, tne Tar, Xew and
Catawba rivers have been greatly improved by joint stock
compart =.
The Rail Roads are, — One from Raleigh to Gaston on the
Roanoke 56 miles in length. One from Weldon on the Roanoke
to Wilmington on Cape Fear river, length 170 miles.
The proposed Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Rail
Road, will pass through the western part of this state.
Several other rail-roads, are proposed, and surveys for some
have been made.
92 OHIO.
(For an account of the Rail-road extending from Blakely
to Petersburg and Norfolk, respectively, see Virginia.)
Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.)
Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.)
Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.)
O.
Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.)
Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.)
Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.)
Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.)
Oeklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.)
Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.)
Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 76 counties; population
in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capital, Co.
lumbus; metropolis, Cincinnati, in lat. 39° 06' N. long. 7°
31' W. General election second Tuesday in October. Legis-
lature meets first Monday in December. Constitution formed
in 1802.
Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary
$1,500; secretary of state; treasurer, and auditor. Senate
^consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of represen-
tatives consists of 72 members, elected annually.
Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and
three associate judges — salary, $1,500 each. Courts of Com-
mon Pleas. The state is divided into 12 districts, in each of
which there is a presiding judge, salary $1,200; and two
associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day,
during their attendance at court,
All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of
common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for
the term of seven years. The supreme court sits once a year
in each county, and the court of common pleas three times a
year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first
degree. There is no imprisonment for debt, except in cases
of fraudulent withholding of property.
Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which
borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more
level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of
the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10
to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken
and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of
ohio. 93
the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous
aspect.
The western half of the state is in general remarkably level.
On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to
assume a very monotonous appearance. The central parts of
the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake
Erie, may be compared, as regards level character, not with
entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather
that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as
he passes from that city to Lancaster by the main turnpike road.
Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hock-
hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage,
Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn,
garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abundance.
Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma-
rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phila-
delphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chillicothe,
Circlesville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairville, Hillsboro, Ra-
venna, Athens, and many others.
Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends
from Portsmouth on the Ohio river, to Cleveland on Lake Erie,
length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton,
68 miles ; the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in
progress; entire length when completed, 268 miles. Sandy and
Heaver Canal, unites the Ohio Canal with the Pennsylvania
Canal. Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, 89 miles. Columbus
Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal to Columbus, 10 miles.
Lancaster Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal to Lancaster,
9 mile3 ; and the Zanesville Canal, from the same to Zanesville,
14 miles. Wabash and Erie Canal, an extension of the Indiana
Canal, which intersects the Miami Canal at Defiance. Chippe-
way Canal. Billeville and Bolivar Canal. Franklin and
Nevj Lisbon Canal. Walhonding Canal, 28 miles. Warren
county Canal.
Though a vast number of rail-roads are proposed in this
state, but little progress has yet been made towards their exe-
cution.
Portions of the Sandusky City and Monroeville Rail Road,
and Mad River and Lake Erie Rail Road, are completed and
in use. The legislature, at its session in 1837, incorporated
eleven Rail-road Companies, which with those previously
incorporated, make upwards of fifty, for the construction of as
many rail-roads in various parts of the state, Some of these
94
OHI
PEE
projects have been abandoned and others suspended, owing to
the pecuniary difficulties of the times. Others however, are
progressing and will speedily be completed.
Ohio and Erie Canal, see
Ohio, (171.)
Old Agency, Miss. (282.)
Oneida L., N. Y. (57.)
Onslow, N. C. (257.)
Onslow Bay, N. C. (257.)
Opelousas, Lou. (307.)
Opilacloy, F. (329.)
Orange, C. H., Va. (175.)
Orangeburg, S. C. (273.)
Orwigsburg, Pa. (132.)
Osage, Mo. (162.)
Osbom, Va. (197.)
Ossipee, N. H. (62.)
Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.)
Oswego, N. Y. (57.)
Painesville, O. (101.)
Painesville, Va. (196.)
Painted Post, N. Y. (79.)
Palatine, N. Y. (59.)
Palestine, II. (] 45.)
Palestine, Ind. (167.)
Palermo, Me. (40.)
Pallachuchee, Ala. (285.)
Palmyra, Me. (40.)
Palmyra, N. Y. (56.)
Palmyra, Mo. (141.)
Palmyra, Miss. (279.)
Paoli, Ind. (167.)
Pamlico Sound, N. C. (238.)
Pamlico R., N. C. (238.)
Papakunk, N. Y. (82.)
Paris, K. (169.)
Paris, Me. (39.)
Paris, T. (206.)
Parkman, O. (101.)
Parker, N. C. (218.)
Parkers, S. C. (210.)
Oswego Canal, see N. Y. (57.)
Ottawa, U. (94.)
Ottawa, or Grand R., L. C.
(13.)
Ottsville, Pa. (133.)
Ovid, II. (185.)
Ovid, N. Y. (80.)
Owego, N. Y. (SO.)
Owenton, K. (169.)
Owenboro, K. (187.)
Owingsville, K. (170.)
Oxford, N. H. (61.)
Oxford, N. Y. (81.)
Oxford, II. (166.)
Oxford, N. C. (216.)
Oyster Bay, N. Y. (135.)
P.
Parkers, Miss. (264.)
Parkersburg, Va. (151.)
Parrishville, N. Y^ (35.)
Parry ville, II. (164.)
Parrots, S. C. (254.)
Parsonfield, Me. (63.)
Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.)
Pascagoola Bay, Miss. (311.)
Pass Marian, Lou. (311.)
Pater son and Hudson River
R. Road, see N. J. (134.)
Patterson, N. Y. (109.)
Paterson, N. J. (134.)
Patesville, K. (188.)
Pattonsburg, Va. (195.)
Patton, N. C. (236.)
Pawtucket Canal, see Mass.
(85.)
Peaces, Ala. (248.)
Pearl R., Miss. (296.)
Pearlington, Miss. (310.)
Peedee R., S. C. (255.)
PENNSYLVANIA. 95
Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Penobscot R., Me. (20.)
Pellicers, Fl. (330.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.)
Pembroke, Mass. (86.) Pensacola, F. (312.)
Pemmaquid Pt., Me. (64.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.)
Pennsboro, Pa. (106.)
Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 54 counties.
Population in 1830, 1,347,672, including 3S6 slaves. Area,
47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg ; metropolis, Phila-
delphia, in N. lat. 39° 57 E. long. 1° 47'. General election,
second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in
January. Constitution formed, 1790. Amended, 1838.
(rOtfernrnent-'— Governor, term of office three years, salary
$4,000 ; ineligible after an official term of nine years ; secretary
of state; treasurer; auditor-general; surveyor-general; and
attorney-general.
Legislature. — Senate, members elected for three years, — *
one-third chosen annually. House of Representatives, mem-
bers elecled annually.
Judiciary — There is a supreme court, consisting of a chief
justice and four associate judges, appointed by the governor
and senate for a term of 15 years. This court holds its sessions
in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts
for that purpose. The state is also divided into 16 districts,
for the sessions of the courts of common pleas. Each of these
circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each
county. The judges of the supreme court receive a salary of
§2,000 per annum; the judges of the common pleas, 81,600 ;
and the associates, 8200. The latter hold their offices for five
years.
Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass obli-
quely across the central part of the state, ranging, generally,
from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which con-
stitute the system here are known by local names, differing in
many cases, from those generally adopted by writers on geo-
graphy. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia
to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively, the following
ridges : Mine Hill ; South Mountain ; Blue Mountain ; Cove ;
Sideling Hill ; Tussey's Mountain ; Dunning's Mountain ;
Will's Mountain ; Allegheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and
Chesnut ridge. The Allegheny is by far the most elevated
among the group ; it is here that the waters which run east-
ward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The
ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than
96 PENNSYLVANIA.
mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridge ; the
valleys as well as the ridges, becoming more and more elevat-
ed, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks
attain an elevation of 3,000 feet; the mean altitude of the
Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water.
Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in the
Delaware and Susquehannah, there is none within the borders
of the state. Those in the Susquehanna are, Duncan's island,
at the mouth of the Juniata ; Hill island, near Middletown ;
Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in
the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Pettys, Biles, &c.
Lakes. — Erie, which borders the N. W. part of the state, and
Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably
destitute of such aggregations of waters, as deserve the name
of lakes.
Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swa-
tara, Juniata, West Branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Cone-
maugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Youghiogeny,
&c.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax,
lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &c.
Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis ; Harris-
burg, the capital ; Pittsburg, Erie, Lancaster, York, Reading,
Bethlehem, Easton, Potts vilie, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle,
Bedford, Washington, &c. &c.
Internal Improvements : —
State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex-
tends from Columbia to Hollidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles.
Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to
Pittsburg, length 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Pennsyl-
vania Canal, extends from the central division on Duncan's
island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division,
Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to Dunnstown,
65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal,
from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 60J miles. An ex-
tension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now in progress.
Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, extends from Bristol
to Easton, 59 3-4 miles. Pittsburg and Erie Canal, is to
extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles of this work is
completed.
Canals constructed by joint stock companies. — Schuylkill
Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 108
miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near Read-
ing to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 82-08 miles. Pine
PENNSYLVANIA. 97
Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length.
Lehigh Navigation, from Easton to Mauch Chunk, 46-75 miles.
Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carty's point to Honesdale, 25
miles. Conestoga Navigation, from Lancaster to Safe Harbor,
on the Susquehanna, 18 miles. Codorus Navigation, from
York to the Susquehanna, 11 miles. West Philadelphia
Canal, around the western abutment of the permanent bridge,
over the Schuylkill, about 500 yards in length. Columbia and
Tide Canal, 45 miles. Bald Eagle Navigation, 25 miles.
Mauch Chunk and Wright's Creek Canal, 26 miles.
State Rail Roads, — Columbia Rail Road, extends from
Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 81-60
miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Hollidaysburg to
Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central and
western divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal, length 36-69
miles.
Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — Mauch
Chunk Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9
miles. Room Run Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal
mine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon Rail Road,
from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuyl-
kill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, 10
miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 miles. Schuylkill Rail
Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, from Port Carbon to the
coal mines, near Mill Creek, length, including branches, 7 ms.
Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill
Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hill, length including 2
branches, 20 miles. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length.
Little Schuylkill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua,
23 miles. Beaver Meadow Rail Road, 26J miles. Lackawaxen
Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carbondale, 16J miles. West
Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia Rail Road to West
Chester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown
Rail Road, from Philadelphia to Norristown, with a branch to
Germantown. Lyken's Valley Rail Road, from Broad Mountain
to Millersburg. Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Road, 26 1-4
miles in length. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of
Pottsville to Sunbury, 44-54 miles. Danville branch, 7 miles
long, whole length, 51-54. Oxford R. Road, now in progress,
extends from the Columbia Rail Road. Reading Rail Road
to extend to Port Clinton. Philadelphia and Reading Rail
Road, 54 miles. Philadelphia and Wilmington Rail Road, 27
miles. Catawissa and Tamaqua Rail Road, 38J miles. Wil*
liamsport and Elmira Rail Road, 73 J miles. Lancaster and
9
98 PHILADELPHIA.
Harrisburg Rail Road. — Harrisburg and Chambersburg Rail
Road, 50 miles. Downingtown and Norristown Rail Road, 20
miles. Marietta and Columbia Rail Road, 3 miles. Strasburg
Rail Road, 5 miles.
Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, II. (164.)
Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Perrysville, T. (227.)
vania, (132.) Person C. H., N. C. (215.)
Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (131.)
Peoria, II. (119.) Petersburg, P. (153.)
Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, P. (155.)
Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.)
Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg, Va. (197.)
Perrysville, O. (126.) Petersburg and Roanoke Rail
Perrysville, P. (128.) Road, see Virginia, (217.)
Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va. (194.)
Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Penn-
sylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the U. S.
Present pop. about 220,000. It is favorably situated between
the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles from the
junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or
that portion of it which is limited by the Delaware on the east,
the Schuylkill on the west, Vine st. on the north, and South or
Cedar st. on the south, is under the jurisdiction of the corpora-
tion. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct
municipal authorities and regulations, wholly unconnected, in
a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These
regulations, being merely local in their operation, are unim-
portant in reference to the city, as it is generally understood,
which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embrac-
ing the adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liber-
ties, Spring Garden, Southward Moyamensing, &c.
The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an
outline of about 8£ miles. The principal streets of the city
proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sassa-
fras, Vine, Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, South or
Cedar, Front, Second, Third, &c. up to Thirteenth, which is
succeeded by Broad street, &c. Those of the Northern Liber-
ties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coates, Brown, Front, Budd,
Second, St. Johns, Third sts., Old York Road, &c. Those of
Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro,
Hanover street, &c. In Spring Garden, are Marshall, Law-*
and
ESPIj^iXd TIOJV. .
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Kensington
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PHILADELPHIA. 99
renee, Eighth, Ninth, &c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood,
Spring-Garden, Washington streets, &c. In Southwark,
Shippen, Plum, German, Catharine, Queen, Christian, Carpen-
ter, Prime street, &c. And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitz-
water, Catharine, Tidmarsh, Prime and Federal streets. In
addition to the above, each district has several cross streets
and avenues, most of which are well built.
Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the
city are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the
various courts are held, Bank of the United States, Philadelphia
Bank and contiguous buildings, Theatre, Arcade, Masonic
Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint ; all the
above are in Chesnut street. Pennsylvania Hospital, in Pine
street ; Alms-house, in Blockley Township ; Orphans' Asylum,
in Cherry street ; Wills's Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in
Race street; Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Race
street; Orphan's (Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph's, in Spruce
street ; Widow's Asylum, in Cherry street ; Pennsylvania
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets;
Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and
Walnut streets ; Custom-house, in Second street ; City Library,
and Philosophical Hall and Atheneum, in Fifth street near
Chesnut ; Hall of the Franklin (mechanics') Institute, in
Seventh street; Academy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth
street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jefferson Col-
lege, in Tenth street ; Musical Fund Hall, in Locust street ;
Adelphi, in Fifth street ; Washington Hall, in Third street ;
Theatre, in Walnut street ; Theatre, in Arch street ; Museum,
Ninth and Sansom streets ; Prisons, on Passyunk Road ;
Eastern Penitentiary, and House of Refuge, in Coates' street ;
Fair Mount Water Works, on the Schuylkill, N. W. of the
State-house ; Marine Asylum, and United States Arsenal, on
the Schuylkill, S. W. of the State-house; Navy Yard on the
Delaware ; Friends' Lunatic Asylum, near Frankford ; about
80 churches, 16 banks ; Alms-house, west side of the Schuyl-
kill ; Girard College, N. W. of the State-house, &c. &c.
ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA.
. f Spread Eagle, 5 16
^ | Paoli, 5 21
pg { Warren, 1 22
To Pittsburg.
^ r Fair Mount, 1
o J Viaduct over the
# | Schuylkill, 2 3
tf (.Buck Tavern, 8 11
pj | Valley Creek, 7 29
LDowningtown, 3 32
100
ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA.
*<
o
bo
-5 1
w.
" Coatesville,
Gap Tavern,
Mine ridge,
Mill Creek,
Soudersburg,
Lancaster,
Mt. Pleasant,
..Columbia,
fYorfc,
Abbotstown,
Gettysburg,
Chambersburg,
M'Connelstown,
Bedford,
Shellsburg,
Stoystown,
Laughlintown,
Greensburg,
„ Pittsburg,
11
1
5
3
9
8
5
11
15
40
51
52
57
60
69
77
82
93
108
14 122
25 147
19 166
31 197
9 206
19 225
16 241
23 264
32 296
tf
12
15
To Pittsburgh via Harris-
burg.
Lancaster,
Mountjoy,
Middletown,
Harrisburg,
5 ^ Carlisle,
Stough's T.
Shippensburg,
L Chambersburg,
Pittsburg, as above,
9 105
18 123
13 136
7 143
11 154
147 301
To Pittsburg, by Pennsylva-
nia Rail Road and Canal.
Columbia, as above, 82
r Marietta, 3 85
Bainbridge, 6 91
Falmouth, 4 95
Middletown, 4 99
g <{ Highspire, 3 102
$ Harrisburg, 6 108
Blue Mt. Gap, 5 113
Port Dauphin, 3 116
Duncan's Isd. 9 125
O
f Newport, 10 135
Thompsontown, 11 146
Mexico, 7 153
Mifflintown, 4 157
Lewistovvn, 14 171
Waynesburg, 14 185
Aughwich Fs, 12 197
Huntingdon, 17 214
Petersburg, 7 221
Alexandria, 7 228
Williamsburg, 12 240
Frankstown, 10 250
^Hollidaysburg, 3 253
Johnstown, by R. R. 37 290
f Laurel Hill, 7 297
Lockport, 10 307
Chesnut Hill, 5 312
Blairsville, 8 320
Saltzburg, 16 336
Warrentown, 12 348
Leechburg, 10 358
Allegheny aqua. 3 361
Logan's Ferry, 15 376
I Pittsburg, 18 394
To Erie, Pa.
Manyunk,
Norristown,
Trap,
Pottstown,
Warrensburg,
Exetertown,
Reading,
Hamburg,
Orwigsburg,
Pottsville,
Sunbury,
New Berlin,
Milheim,
Belle fonte,
Phillipsburg,
Curwinville,
Brookville,
Shippensville,
by Stage.
16
25
35
40
45
52
67
78
8 86
36 122
11 133
25 158
21 179
27 206
19 225
37 262
27 289
9
9
10
5
5
7
15
11
ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA,
101
Franklin,
18 307
Meadville,
25 332
Waterford,
23 355
Erie,
15 370
To Pottsville, by
Schuylkill
Canal,
Manyunk,
Flat Rock,
7
1 8
Spring Mills,
Norristown,
3 11
5 16
Phenixville,
12 28
Pottstown,
15 43
Unionville,
3 46
Birdsboro,
6 52
Reading,
12 64
Hamburg,
Port Clinton,
23 87
4 91
Tunnel,
7 98
Schuylkill Haven,
Mount Carbon,
3 101
4 105
Pottsville,
1 106
Port Carbon,
2 108
To Bethlehem, Pa
by Stage.
Sunville,
3
German town,
3 6
Flowertown,
5 11
Spring,
Montgomery,
Lexington,
Sellersville,
6 17
4 21
4 25
7 32
Quakertown,
Fryburg,
Bethlehem,
5 37
6 43
8 51
To Easton, by Stage.
Shoemakertown ,
9
Jenkintown,
1 10
Abington,
Willowgrove,
Newville,
1 11
2 13
7 20
Doylestown,
Ottsville,
Easton,
To New York, by
Frankford,
Holmsburg,
Bristol,
Trenton,
Princeton,
Kingston,
New Brunswick,
Milton,
Elizabethtown,
Newark,
New York,
4 24
15 39
17 56
Stage.
5
4 9
11 20
11 31
10 41
3 44
13 57
13 70
5 75
6 81
10 91
To New York, by Steam Boat
and Stage.
Burlington, by S. Boat, 19
Bristol, do. 1 20
Bordentown, do 10 30
Trenton, by S. B. 6 36
Princeton, by Stage, 10 46
New Brunswick, do. 17 63
Perth Arnboy, by S.
Boat, 12 75
New York, do. 25 100
To New York, by Steam Boat
and Rail Road.
Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30
Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39
Spots wood, 16 56
South Amboy, 9 64
Perth Amboy, by S.
Boat, 2 66
New York, 25 91
To Baltimore by Rail-Road
via Wilmington, Sfc.
Wilmington Rail-Road, 1
[02
ROUTES PROM PHILADELPHIA.
Gray's Ferry viaduct,
Chester,
Marcus H. Road,
Wilmington,
Newport,
Newark Road,
Elkton,
Northeast,
Charleston,
Havre De Grace,
Bush River,
Gunpowder R.
Back River,
Depot,
Baltimore P. O.
4 5
9 14
4 18
9 27
4 31
8 39
6 45
6 51
3 54
6 60
12 72
7 79
11 90
94
95
To Baltimore, by Steam Boat
ond Rail.Road.
„. f Fort Mifflin, 8
g j Lazaretto, 5 13
°3 «{ Chester, 5 18
| | Marcus Hook, 4 22
« j Christiana Cr. 8 30
w I New Castle, 5 35
Frenchtown, byR. R. 16 51
Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120
To Baltimore, by Stage.
Darby, " 6
Chester, 9 15
Wilmington, 13 28
Elkton, 20 48
Havre De Grace, 16 64
Baltimore, 34 98
To Baltimore, by Steam Boat
and Canal.
New Castle, as above,
by Steam Boat, 35
Delaware City, 6 41
St. George's, by Canal, 5 46
Deep Cut do. 4 50
Bohemia, do. 5 55
Turkey Point, by S.
Boat, 10 65
Baltimore, do. 48 113
To Cape May, by Steam Boat.
Delaware City, as above, 41
Reedy Island, 5 46
Alia ways Creek, 5 51
Bombay Hook, 12 63
Egg Island, 17 80
Light Ho. C. May, 20 100
Cape Island, 2 102
To Cape May, by Stage.
Woodbury, 9
Jonesboro, 10 19
Malaga, 10 29
Millville, 13 42
Port Elizabeth, 6 48
Dennis Creek, 14 62
Goshen, 4 66
Cape May, C. H. 4 70
Cold Spring, 9 79
Cape Island, 2 81
To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by
Stage.
Pensauken Creek, 9
Hampton, F. 17 26
Washington, 9 35
Tuckerton, 14 49
To Long Branch.
Bordentown, by S. B. 30
Allentown, by Stage, 7 37
Monmouth, do 18 55
Eaton, do. 10 65
Long Branch, do 4 69
PHI
PITTSBURG.
103
Philadelphia (West) Canal,
see Pennsylvania, (157.)
Philadelphia, Germanlown $f
JSorrislown Rail Road, see
Pennsylvania, (133.)
Philadelphia, K. (188.)
Fhillipsburg, L. C. (16.)
Phillipsburg, P. (130.)
Pickensville, S. C. (252.)
Pickensville, Miss. (280.)
Picolata, F. (330.)
Pierces, Ga. (289.)
Pike, N. Y. (78.)
Pikeville, K. (192.)
Pikeville, T. (229.)
Pikeville, Ala. (246)
Piketon,0. (150.)
Pickneyville, S. C. (253.)
Pine Bluff, Ark. (242.)
Pine Log, Ga. (250.)
Pittston, Pa. (107.)
Pineville, S. C. (273.)
Pine Grove Rail-Road, see
Pennsylvania, (132.)
Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.)
Pinthocco, Ala. (284.)
Piscatawav, Md. (177.)
Piqua, O. (124.)
Point Au Tremble, L. C. (15.)
Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (69.)
Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.)
Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.)
Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.)
P. DuRocher, II. (164.)
P. Frederick. Md. (177.)
Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.)
Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.)
Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.)
Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.)
Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.)
Pittsfield, Mass. (83.)
Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded in
1765 ; and now contains a population of about 38,000 including
the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmingham, &c. It is
a place of great trade, and has extensive manufactories. The
public buildings are, a court-house, exchange, college, moni-
torial school house, several hotels, museum, banks, market-
house, many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various deno-
minations.
ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG.
To Cincinnati, O.
by Steam
Elizabethtown,
13 104
Boat.
Sistersville,
35 139
Middletown,
11
Newport,
17 156
Beavertown,
18
29
Marietta,
16 172
Fawcetstown,
19
48
Parkersburg,
13 185
Steubenville,
22
70
Bellville,
17 202
Wellsburg,
7
77
Letart's rapids,
30 232
Warrenton,
6
83
Point Pleasant,
29 261
Wheeling,
8
91
Gallipolis,
3 264
104
ROUTES FROM PITTSBURGH.
Guyandot,
Burlington,
Portsmouth,
Manchester,
Maysville,
Ripley,
Augusta,
Point Pleasant,
Cincinnati,
(See Cincinnati.)
34 298
7 305
41 346
36 382
10 392
7 399
9 408
15 423
26 449
To Philadelphia,
Stage , Sfc.
East Liberty,
Wilkinsburg,
Howardsville,
Stewartsville,
Adarnsburg-,
Greensburg,
Youngstown,
Laughlin,
Stoystown,
Bedford,
M'Connels T.
f Chambersburg,
K | Gettysburg,
ra | York,
p- -{ Columbia,
>, j Lancaster,
^ j Downingtown,
L Philadelphia,
by
3
3
8
6
7
10
13
16
28
11
19
25
32
42
55
71
99
31 130
19 149
25 174
29 203
11 214
13 227
37 264
32 296
Pittsboro, N. C. (235.)
Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.)
Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.)
Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.)
Pleasant River Bay, Me. (42.)
Plymouth, N. H. (62.)
Plymouth, Mass. (112.)
Plymouth, N. C. '238.)
Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.)
Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.)
Point Alderton, Mass. (86.)
To Philadelphia, by
and Rail Road
Allegheny Aqueduct,
Blairsville,
Johnstown,
Hollidaysburg, R. R.
73 f Huntingdon,
g j Lewistown,
O -\ Duncan Island,
jg4 | Middletown,
^Columbia,
Philadelphia, by R. R.
Canal
41
30
37
39
23
74
104
141
180
43 223
46 269
26 295
17 312
82 394
To Erie, Pa. by Stage.
Woodville, 18
Butler, 9 27
Centreville, 18 45
Mercer, 15 60
Georgetown, 15 75
Meadville, 15 90
Waterford, 23 113
Erie, 15 128
To Wheeling, by Stage.
Findlaysville, 13
Washington, 11 24
Martinsburg, 5 29
Claysville, 4 31
W. Alexander, 6 39
Wheeling, 16 55
Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.)
Pompion, N. J. (108.)
Pontiac, Mich. (73.)
Poplar Spring, Md. (155.)
Portage, N. Y. (57.)
Portage, O. (101.)
Port Deposit Canal, see
Maryland, (156.)
Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.)
Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.)
Port Bar net, Pa. (103.)
POR
Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.)
Port Williams, K. (168.)
PORTLAND.
Port Royal, Va. (176.)
105
Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population
of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings,
among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches,
6 banks, &c.
ROUTES FROM PORTLAND.
To Boston, by Stage.
Saco,
Kennebunk port,
Wells,
York,
Portsmouth,
Hampton Falls,
Newburyport,
Rowley,
Tops field,
Danvers,
Sangus,
Boston,
To Boston, via Salem, by
Stage.
Rowley, as above,
Ipswich,
Hamilton,
Wenham,
Beverly,
Salem,
Lynn,
Boston,
16
10
26
6
32
15
47
9
56
13
69
9
78
5
83
8
91
6
96
7
104
10 114
83
88
93
95
99
102
107
10 117
To Eastport, by Stage.
Freeport, 18
Brunswick, 9 27
Bath, 7 34
Wiscasset, 15 49
Waldoboro, 18 67
Warren,
9 76
Thomastown,
4 80
Camden,
11 91
Belfast,
18 109
Castine, (by water,)
Bluehill,
9 118
10 128
Elsworth,
14 142
Franklin,
12 154
Cherryfield,
Columbia,
20 174
12 186
Machias,
15 201
Whiting-,
Eastport,
15 216
15 231
To Quebec, by Stage.
Brunswick,
27
Bodoinham,
13 40
Gardner,
11 51
Hallowell,
4 55
Augusta,
Waterville,
3 58
17 75
Norridgwock,
Solon,
16 91
20 111
Moscow,
13 124
Ferry over Kenne-
beck river,
17 141
Monument,
48 189
St. Joseph,
St. Henry,
Quebec,
54 243
28 271
12 283
„ — „
1UG POR
-
RALEIGH.
To Alfred.
Mt. Washington,
47 88
Buxton,
15
Alfred,
14 29
To Paris.
Windham,
15
To White Hills.
Raymond,
11 26
Standish,
17
Otisfield,
11 37
Hiram,
14 31
Paris,
13 50
Boundary line,
10 41
Portland, N. Y. (77.)
Portland, Ala. (283.)
Portersville, Ind. (167.)
Ports, S. C. (274.)
Portsmouth, N. H. (63.)
Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail
Road, see Va. (218.)
Portsmouth, O. (171.)
Potatoe F., S. C. (274.)
Potomac, Md. (154.)
Potomac R., Md. (177.)
Potomac Navigation, see
Virginia, (155.)
Potosi,Mo. (184.)
Pottsdam, N. Y. (35.)
Pottstown, Pa. (133.)
Pottersville, Pa. (102.)
Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.)
Powelton, Ga. (271.)
Prairie du Chien, Wis. (66.)
Prairie Bluff, Ala. (283.)
Prattsville, Md. (154.)
Prestonburg, K. (192.)
Prescott, U. S. (34.)
Presque I., U. C. (56.)
Presque Is., Pa. (76.)
Princeton, N. J. (134.)
Princeton, Ind. (166.)
Princeton, K. (187.)
Princess Anne, Md., (178.)
Prophetstown, Ind. (122.)
Providence, R. 1. (111.)
Providence and Norwich Rail
Road, see R.I. (Ill)
Provincetown, Mass. (86.)
Prudhomme, Lou. (293.)
Prunty, Va. (152.)
Puckna, Ala. (267.)
Pughtown, Va. (154.)
Pulaski, T. (227.)
Pultneyville, N. Y. (56.)
Purdy, T. (226.)
Paris, S. C, (2S9.)
Putnam, Ind. (146.)
Q.
Quapaw Villages, Ark. (242.)
Queenstown, Md. (177.)
Quincy, Mass. (86.)
Quincy, II. (141.)
Quincy, F. (315.)
R.
Raleigh, T. (225.)
Racoon Spring, K. (191.)
Reasville, Ga. (271.)
Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, contained
m 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public houses are, a state-
ROUTES FROM RALEIGH.
107
house, court-house, jail, market-house* theatre, two or three
banks* two churches, &c.
ROUTES FROM RALEIGH.
To Richmond, Va. by Stage.
Louisburg,
Warrenton,
Lawrenceville,
Petersburg1,
Richmond,
23
38
35
58
96
50 146
21 167
Wilmington,
61 158
To Edenton, by Stage.
Wakefield, 20
Tarboro, 46 66
Williamston* 34 100
Jamestown, 11 111
Plymouth, 13 124
Edenton, 14 138
To Newbern, by Stage.
Smith field, 30
Waynesboro, 24 54
Kingston, 26 80
Newbern, 47 127
To Wilmington, by Stage.
Fayetteville, " 58
Elizabeth, 39 97
To Columbia, S. C.
Fayetteville, 58
Laurel Hill, 33 91
Cheraw, 28 119
Evans Ford* 22 141
Lit. Lynches Cr. 21 162
Camden, 12 174
Columbia, 32 206
20
34
To Knoxville, T. by Stage.
Branthys,
Pittboro,
Ashboro,
Salisbury,
Statesville,
Morgantown*
Ashville,
Warm Springs,
Newport, T.
Dandridge, T.
Knoxville, T.
16
36
70
32 102
27 129
38 167
62 229
36 265
28 293
15 308
32 340
Raleigh's Bay, N. C. (258.) Ravenna, O. ( 101 .)
Rantales, S. C. (290.) Raymond, Me. (63.)
Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) Reading, N. Y. (80.)
Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county*
Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of a
court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c*
The inhabitants are mostly Germans* or descendants of Ger=
mans.
ROUTES FROM READING.
To Philadelphiai by Stage.
Exetertown, 7
Warrenburg, 5 12
Pottstown, 5 17
Trap,
10
27
Norristown,
9
36
Manayunk*
9
45
Philadelphia *
7
55*
108
RHODE ISLAND.
To Philadelphia, by Schuyl-
kill Canal.
Birdsboro,
Unionville,
Pottstown,
Phenixville,
Norristown,
Manayunk,
Philadelphia,
12
18
21
To Pottsville, by
Canal.
Hamburg,
Port Clinton,
Schuylkill Haven,
Pottsville,
Port Carbon,
15 36
12 48
9 57
7 64
Schuylkill
23
4 27
10 37
5 42
2 44
To Pottsville, by Stage.
Maiden Creek,
Hamburg, 8
Port Clinton, 5
Orwigsburg, 6
Pottsville, 8
To Middletown, by Union
Canal.
Berneville, 15
Womelsdorf, 10 25
Stouchstown, 3 28
Myerstown,
Lebanon,
Tunnel,
Swatara river,
Quittapahilla R.
x\liddletown,
5 33
8 41
1 42
7 49
11 60
19 79
To Lancaster, by Stage.
Adamstown, 9
Rearastown, 5 14
Ephrata, 4 18
Lancaster, 13 31
To Harrisburg, by Stage.
Sinking Spring,
Womelsdorf,
Myerstown,
Lebanon,
Millerstown,
Palmyra,
Hummelstown,
Harrisburg,
4
9 13
20
26
31
37
43
52
To Easton, by Stage.
Kutztown, 17
Trexlerstown, 9 26
Allentown, 8 34
Bethlehem, 5 40
Easton, 10 50
Reading, O. (148.)
Red River, Lou. (294.)
Red Church, Lou. (323.)
Redheimers, S. C. (273.)
Reister, Md. (156.)
Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.)
Reynoldsburg, T. (207.)
Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five counties.
Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capi-
tals, Providence and Newport; metropolis, Providence; lat.
41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General election, April and
August. Legislature meets, first Wednesday in May and
last Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles
II.) 1663.
Officers of the government for one year ; governor, salary
RHODE ISLAND. i09
I; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, fees and
$750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney-general, fees.
General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor, lieu-
tenant-governor, and eight senators. House of representatives
consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually.
Judiciary, — is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of a
chief justice ($650 per annum,) and two associate judges
($550 each,) and a court of common pleas, composed of five
judges for each county of the state. All the judges are
appointed annually by the general assembly.
Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation exist
in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of considerable
magnitude occur, at frequent intervals ; the substratum being
composed almost entirely of rocks which frequently exhibit
themselves not only on the hills, but in the valleys also.
These give to this part of the state a rugged and exceedingly
broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded
as level, with slight interruptions occasioned by low hills ;
these, however, diminish in number and importance as the
sea board is approached, and within a few miles of which they
terminate altogether.
Lakes. — Watchogg and Charles in the south-wTest. Paw-
tuxet and several smaller lakes on the north-west.
Rivers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Pawtucket,.
Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles rivers, &c.
Islands.— -Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence and some smaller
islands.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vege-
tables, cattle, &.c. &c.
Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Paw-
tucket, Burrelville, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, &c.
Internal Improvements.— Blackstone Canal, (see Massachu-
setts.) Stonington Rail Road, extends from StoningtOn in
Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company
has been incorporated to construct a Rail Road from Provi-
dence to Norwich, in Connecticut*
Rhodes,- T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.)
Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109,) Richmond, N. Y. (1 34.)
Rieeboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.)
Kichardsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond, C. H., Va, (1 77.)
Richfield, N.Y. (81.)
Richmond, Va. (197,) capitai and metropolis of Virginia?
Population in 1830, 16T085. Public buildings, stale-hoase>
10
110
ROUTES FROM RICHMOND.
penitentiary, court house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 8 or
10 handsome churches.
ROUTES FROM RICHMOND.
T<r Norfolk by Steam Boat.
Warwick, 7
Osborn, 10 17
Eppes Island, 22 39
"Windmill point, 11 50
Jamestown, 24 74
Burrell's Bay, 13 87
Newport News, 15 102
Carney Island, 9 111
Norfolk, 6 117
To Baltimore, by Steam Boat.
Newport News, as above, 102
Fort Calhoun, 8 110
Old Pt. Comfort, 1 111
New ditto, 23 134
Rappahannoc R. 22 156
Light Boat, 21 177
Cedar Point, 32 209
Sharp's Island, 25 234
Herring Bay, 10 244
Thomas' Point, 12 256
Bodkin Pt. 20 276
North Pt. 3 279
Fort M'Henry, 7 286
Baltimore, 3 289
To Washington City by
Stage.
Hanover, C. H. 19
Bowlinggreen, 23 42
Fredericksburg, 22 64
Stafford C. H. 9 73
Aquia, 5 78
Dumfries, 9 87
Occoquan, 9 96
Alexandria, 17 113
Washington,
9 122
To Raleigh N. C. by Stage.
Petersburg, 21
Notoway R. 32 53
Lawrenceville, 18 71
Roanoke R. 19 90
Warrenton, 19 109
Louisburg, 23 132
Raleigh, 25 167
To Norfolk, by Stage.
Petersburg, 21
Cabin Point, 26 47
Surrey, C. H. 14 61
Smithfield, 18 79
NansemondR. 11 90
Norfolk, 25 115
To Knoxville, Ten.
Powhatan C. H.
Cumberland C. H.
Lynchburg,
New London,
Liberty,
Big Lick,
Salem,
Christiansburg,
Newbern,
Evansham,
Mt. Airy,
Abingdon,
Blountsville,
Kingsport,
Rogersville,
Rutledge,
Knoxville,
by Stage.
32
25 57
56 113
11 124
15 139
28 167
7 174
27 201
17 218
28 246
15 161
41 302
24 326
17 343
26 369
31 400
32 432
To Guyandot, via Warm
Springs, by Stage.
Goochland C. H. 29
RIC
ROCHESTER.
111
Columbia,
19 48
To Winchester,
via Harrison-
Monticello,
17 65
burg, by
Stage
Charlottesville, and
I 3 78
So. Anna R.
21
University of Va.
Louisa C. H.
30 51
York,
19 97
Gordonsville,
15 66
Waynesboro,
6 103
Barboursville,
6 72
Staunton,
12 115
Stannardsville,
15 87
Gap,
17 132
Magaughey T.
23 110
Warm Springs,
36 168
Harrisonburg,
11 121
Hot do.
5 173
Mt. Pleasant,
25 146
White Sulphur Sp.
38 211
Woodstock,
13 159
Lewisburg,
10 221
Strasburg,
31 170
Salt Works,
82 303
Newtown,
11 181
Charleston,
4 307
Winchester,
8 189
Guyandot,
40 348
Richmond, K. (190.)
Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.)
Ridge ville, Pa. (131.)
Ridge, S. C. (272.)
R. des Moines, (90.)
R.St. Croix, Me. (21.)
R. St. Francis, L.C. (16.)
R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33.)
River St. Clair, U. C. (51.)
River Head, N. Y. (136.)
Rivers, S. C. (272.)
Roanoke R., Va. (216.)
Roanoke Inlet, N. C. (239.)
Robbinston, Me. (42.)
Robertsville, S. C. (289.)
Rochester Rail Road, see N.
York, (56.)
Rochester and Batavia R.
Road, see N. York, (56.)
Roanoke Navigation, see N.
Carolina & Va. (516.)
Room Run Rail Road, see
Pennsylvania, (133.)
Reading R. R, see Pa. (133.)
Rappahannock Navigation, see
Virginia, (176.)
Richmond and Petersburg
Rail Road, see Va. (197.)
Richmond and Fredericksburg
Rail Road, see Va. (197.)
Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufactur-
ing city, in Monroe county, situate on the Genesse river,
above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance into Lake
Ontario; founded in 1812 ; population is about 24,000. Public
buildings, &c. — court-house, jail, twelve churches, two banks,
arcade and observatory, a splendid aqueduct, 804 feet long,
and five or six excellent hotels, bath house, &c. &c.
ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER.
To Albany, by Erie Canal, j Palmyra,
P Htsford, 10 j Newark,
19 29
8 37
112
ROC
RUS
Lyons,
Clyde,
Montezuma,
Jordan,
Syracuse,
Manlius,
Canistota,
Rome,
Utica,
Little Falls,
Canajohane,
Amsterdam,
Schenectady,
Albany,
7
44
9
53
11
64
15
79
go
99
9 108
Ifi 124
21 145
15 160
22 182
19 201
23 224
16 240
28 268
To Buffalo, by
Ogden,
Erie Canal.
12
Adams's Basin,
3
15
Brockport,
Holly,
Albion,
5
5
10
20
25
35
Wrishtsville,
11
46
Middleport,
Lock port,
Pendleton,
9
9
9
55
64
73
Tonnewanta,
10
83
Buffalo,
12
95
Rock R. II. (93.)
Rock Pt., Lou. (279.)
Rockaway, N. Y. (135.)
Rock Haven, 11. (186.)
Rockfcrd, N. C. (214.)
Rockport, Ind. (188.)
Rockville Ind. (145.)
Rockvillc Md. (155.)
Rockingham, N. C. (235)
Rockymount, Va. (215.)
Rogers, Pa. (106.)
Rome, N. Y. (58.)
Rome, N. Y. (108.)
To Niagara Falls.
Parma, by ridge road, 1 1
Clarkson, 7 18
Gainesville, 15 33
Oak Orchard, 7 40
Hartland, 14 54
Cambria, 12 66
Lewistown, 15 81
Niagara Falls, 6 87
To Utica.
Pittsford,
Mendon,
Bloomfield,
Canandaigua,
Geneva,
Cayuga,
Auburn,
West Hills,
Lenox,
Utica,
8
7 15
5 20
9 29
16 45
14 59
9 68
21 89
26 115
26 141
To Bvffalo, by Stage.
Bergen,
Batavia,
Pembroke,
Ransom's Grove,
Williamsville,
Buffalo,
17
13 30
14 44
8 52
8 60
10 70
Rome, Ind. (167.)
Romney, Va. (154.)
Rossville, T. (229.)
Rotterdam, N. Y. (58.)
Rouse's Point, L. C. (15.)
Rowlando, (255.)
Royalton, Vt. (61.)
Rumford, Me. (39.)
Rushville, II. (118.)
Rushville, Ind. (147.)
Russel, N. Y. (34.)
Russelville, K. (208.)
Russelville, Ala. (247.)
RUT
SARATOGA.
113
Rutland, Vt. (61.)
Rutledge, T. (211.)
Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.)
Ryegate, Vt. (37.)
S.
Saluda Canal, see S. Carolina,
(253.)
Savannah andOgechee Canal,
see Ga. (289.)
Seneca Canal, see N. Y. (80.)
Schenectady and Saratoga
Rail-Road, see N. Y. (83.)
Schenectady and Utica Rail.
Road, see N. Y. (82.)
Schuylkill Navigation, see Pa.
(134.)
Schuylkill Valley R. Road,
see Pa. (132.)
Schuylkill Rail-Road, see Pa.
(132.)
Schuylkill (Little) R. Road,
see Pa. (133.)
Stonington Rail-Road, see
Rhode Island, (111.)
Salem Canal, see New Jersey,
(157.)
South Carolina Rail-Road, see
S. Carolina, (273.)
Santee Canal, see S. Carolina,
(273.)
Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.)
Sabine R. Lou. (306.)
Sacket's Harbor, N. Y. (57.)
Saco, Me. (63.)
Sagharbor, N. Y. (136.)
Salem, Mass. (86.)
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of these
springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Saratoga
county, and are about equi-distant from Schenectady and
Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visiters,
by the spacious and elegant hotels, which abound here. The
most noted of these are, Congress Hall, near the Congress
Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of the village, the
10*
Salem O. (148.)
Salem, N, J. (157.)
Salisbury, N. H. (62.)
Salem, 11. (165.)
Salt Works, II. (121.)
Salt Licks, Lou. (278.)
Salt River, Mo. (141.)
Salubria, N. Y. (80.)
Saltzburg, Pa. (129.)
Sandersville, Ga. (288.)
Sandusky Bay, O. (100.)
Sandusky C. 0.(100.)
Sandwich, U. C. (74.)
Sandwich, Mass. (112.)
Sandy Point, Mass. (112.)
Sandy Hook, N. J. (135.)
Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.)
Sangamon R. II. (144.)
Sangerfield, N. Y. (81.)
Santa Rosa I., F. (312.)
Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.)
Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.y
Santee R. S. C. (273.)
Santilla R. Ga. (304.)
Sapelo Sound, Ga. (305.)
Sauk Village, II. (92.)
Slate Navigation, see
ginia, (196.)
Shenandoah Navigation,
Virginia, (175.)
Vir-
see
114
SAVANNAH.
Pavilion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union Hall, opposite Con*
gress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the Pavilion, Washington
Hall, in the north end of the village, together with some other
hotels and boarding houses. There are also commodious
bathing houses, circulating library, reading rooms, mineralo-
gical cabinet, &c. &c.
ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS.
To Albany, by Rail-Road.
Ballston Spa, 6
Schenectady, 14 20
Albany, 16 36
To Albany, via Waterford.
Ballston Spa, 6
Waterford, 22 28
Troy, 4 32
Albany,
8 4Q
To Whitehall, by Stage.
Northumberland, 4
Glenn's falls,, and Sandy
hill, 15 19
Fort Ann, 10 29
Whitehall, 12 41
Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population
in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c. — exchange, banks,
academy, several handsome churches, public squares, &c.
ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH.
To Augusta, by Steam Boat.
15
31
36
46
65
90
95
111
135
146
158
171
174
185
195
224
231
Argyle Island,
Isla I.
8
Purisburg,
16
Beck's Ferry,
5
Ebenezer,
10
Sisters' Ferry,
19
Hudson's Ferry,
25
Blanket Point,
5
Brier Creek,
16
Burton's Ferry,
24
Lower 3 runs,
11
Steel Creek,
12
Limestone Bluff,
i3
Dog Ferry,
3
Demaries Ferry,
11
Gray's Landing,
10
Wallicon's Ferry,
29
Augusta,
7
To Charleston, by
Steam
Boat,
Fort Jackson,
3
Elba Island,
5 9
Long I.
3 11
Bloody Point,
6 17
Hilton Head,
18 35
Trancard's Inlet,
4 39
Fripp's Inlet,
12 51
St. Helena Sound,
9 60
S. Edisto Inlet,
3 63
N. do. do.
13 76
Stono Inlet,
14 90
Coffin I. L. House,
11 101
Fort Moultrie,
6 107
Charleston,
4 111
To Augusta, by Stage.
Aberccm, 17
Ebenezer, 8 25
SAV
SOUTH CAROLINA. 115
Jacksonboro,
45 70
Jefferson,
20 98
Augusta,
65 135
St. Mary's,
20 118
To Milledgeville, by
To Darien, by Stage.
Stage.
Sunbury,
20
Gr. Ggechee R.
20
Sapelo,
16 36
Statesboro,
29 49
Darien,
12 48
Sandersville,
86 135
■
Milledgeville,
28 163
To Charleston,
by Stage.
New River,
14
To St. Mary's, by Stage.
Hogtown,
9 23
Bryan, old C? H,
17
Coosawatchie,
17 40
Riceboro,
17 34
Pocotaligo,
6 46
Barrington,
20 54
Parker's Ferry,
32 78
Buffalo Cr.
14 68
Guerin's Ferry,
17 95
Scilla R.
10 78
Charleston,
U 106
Savannah R., Ga. (290.)
Schenectady, N. Y. (83.)
Scodic Pt., Me. (41.)
Seawright, S. C. (273.)
Sellers, Pa. (133.)
Selma, Ala. (283.)
Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.)
Seneca L., N. Y. (80.)
Shakers, (61.)
Shallow Lakes, N. H. (31.)
Shandecan, N. Y. (82.)
Shawneetown, II. (186.)
Sheffield, Mass. (83.)
Shelby ville, II. (144.)
Shelbyville, Ind. (147.)
Sherbourne, N. Y. (81.)
Shieldsboro, Miss. (310.)
Shippensburg, Pa. (131.)
Shippingport, II. (94.)
Shinersville, (106.)
Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.)
Shoreham, Vt. (60.)
Shoal R., II. (118.)
Shullsburg, Mich. (66.)
Sidney, Me. (40.)
Simpsons, II. (186.)
Sistersville, Va. (151.)
Three Sisters' Islands, Mich.
(99.)
Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.)
Small Pt., Me. (54.)
Smith's, II. (186.)
Smithport, Pa. (104.)
Smithfield, Va. (152.)
Smyrna, Del. (157.)
Solon, N. Y. (81.)
Somerset, Pa. (129.)
Somerset, O. (150.)
Somerville, N. J. (134.)
Sorel, Lou. (322.)
Sorrel R., L. C. (15.)
So. Bend, Ind. (96.)
Sotos, Lou. (277.)
South Carolina, state of, (253,) is divided into 29 districts,
Population 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 slaves; area,
31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; metropolis, Charles-
ton ; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. General election, second
116
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Monday in October, biennally. Legislature meet, fourth Mon-
day in November; constitution formed 1790, since amended.
Government. — Governor — term of office two years, salary
$3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieutenant governor,
&c.
Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a senate,
having 45 members, elected for four years, one-half being
chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, composed
of 124 members, elected for two years ; these bodies are styled
the General Assembly.
Judiciary. — Consists of a court of appeals, composed of three
judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each ; a court of equity,
with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom receives
$3,500 per annum; and a court of general sessions and
common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each of $3,500 per
annum.
Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast and for several
miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil con-
sists of swamps and marshes, interspersed with ridges suffi-
ciently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of which
are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. After
passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the great road
leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the country assumes a
more undulating appearance ; the hills increase in number and
magnitude, until they become so numerous as to form continu-
ous ridges ; these continue to enlarge in proceeding westward,
and ultimately form the spurs and flanks of the great blue
ridge, which here forms a part of the boundary of the state.
Rivers. — Pedee, Waccamaw, Little Pedee, Lynches Creek,
Santee, Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, Ennoree,
Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Combahee, and Savannah.
Islands. — North I., Murphey, Cape Roman, Bulls, Dewees,
Sullivans, Holly, Johns, Wadmelaw, Edisto, Reynolds, Hunt-
ing, St. Helena, Ladies, Port Royal, Hilton Head, &c. &c.
Productions. — Cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits, &c. &.c.
Towns. — Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, Cam-
den, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgeville,
Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c.
Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, com-
mences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of Hamburg,
opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. It is proposed
to construct a branch to Orangeburg, and thence to Columbia,
&c, and another to Barnwell C. H. Santee Canal connects
the harbour of Charleston with the Santee, length 22 miles.
SPA ST. LOUIS. 117
Winyaw Canal, extends from Winyaw Bay to Kinlock Creek,
a branch of Santee river, length 7-40 miles. The navigation
of the Catawba has been improved by the construction of
several small canals. Saluda Canal, extends from the head
of Saluda shoals to Granby Ferry on the Congaree, 6-20 miles
in length. Drear's Canal, is designed to overcome a fall of
120 feet in Saluda river, length 1 1-3 miles. Lorick's Canal,
on Broad river, 1^ miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. Lock-
hart's Canal, in Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in
Broad river, 2 3-1 miles long. A rail-road from Charleston to
Cincinnati and Louisville, about 600 miles in length, is pro-
posed.
Spains, Ga. (286.) St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.)
Sparta, Lou. (279.) St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.)
Sparta, Ala. (299.) St. Augustine, Fl. (330.)
Spencer, IS. Y. (80.) St. Catharine's Sound, Ga.
Spencer, Ind. (146.) (305.)
Spillers, Lou. (309.) St. Charles, Mo. (163.)
Springfield, Mass. (84.) St. Clairsville, O. (128.)
Springfield, II. (143.) St. Clair, Mich. (74.)
Springfield, O. (149.) St. Dennis, L. C. (15.)
Springfield, Lou. (309.) St. Francisville, Lou. (308.)
Springfield, Va. (154.) St. Gabriel, Lou. (308.)
Springs, Schooley's Mt., N. St. Helena Sound, S. C. (290.)
J. (134.) St. Helena, Lou. (309.)
Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) St. Joseph's R., Ind. (97.)
St. Albans, Vt. (36.) St. John's R., Fl. (318.)
St. Amand, L. C. (16.)
St. Louis, Mo. (163,) the metropolis of the state, and seat of
justice for St. Louis county, situated on the right bank of the
Mississippi, 20 miles below the confluence of that river and
the Missouri. Its chief buildings are, a court-house, orphans'
asylum, hospital, eight or ten churches, a nunnery, theatre,
museum, and a depot of the American Fur Company.
The position of St. Louis is admirably adapted for commer-
cial operations, and the numerous facilities of intercourse with
the interior afforded by steam-boats and other means of con-
veyance, must ensure to St. Louis a continuance of that pros-
perity which has marked its rapid progress thus far. The
present population of the city, according to a late census, is
16,207, including, of course, a large proportion of blacks.
118
ROUTES FROM ST. LOUIS.
ROUTES FROM ST. LOUIS.
To New Orleans,
by Steam
Wisconsin R.,
24 444
Boat.
Prairie du Chien,
4 448
Carondelet,
6
Harrison,
23 29
To Peru, by Steam Boat.
Herculaneum,
1 30
Mouth of Illinois R.,
37
Fort Chartres,
19 49
Macoupin R.,
19 56
St. Genevieve,
12 61
Apple Cr.,
16 72
Bainbridge,
61 122
Montezuma,
14 86
Cape Girardeau,
10 132
Augusta,
5 91
Mouth of Ohio,
41 173
Naples,
10 101
New Madrid,
65 238
Meredosin,
7 108
Little Prairie,
30 268
Lagrange,
9 117
Memphis,
119 387
Beardstown,
7 124
Arkansas river,
172 559
Sangamon R.,
7 131
Vicksburg,
284 843
Havana,
25 156
Natchez,
103 946
Pekin,
31 187
St. Francisville,
139 1085
Peoria,
9 196
Baton Rouge,
34 1119
Little Detroit,
5 201
New Orleans,
131 1250
Rome,
11 212
— i —
Columbia,
14 226
To Prairie du Chien, by
Henry,
5 231
Steam Boat.
Hennepin,
12 243
Mouth of Missouri,
20
Peru,
14 257
Alton,
3 23
Mouth of Illinois R
., 14 37
To Louisville, by
Steam
Dardenne R.,
10 47
Boat.
Ramsay's Cr.,
38 85
Mouth of Ohio, as above, 1 73
Clarksville,
8 93
America,
11 ]84
Louisiana,
12 105
Paducah,
36 220
Saverton,
18 123
Rock Cave,
52 272
Hannibal,
7 130
Shawneetown,
20 292
Marion City,
9 139
Carthage,
19 311
Wyaconda,
19 158
Mount Vernon,
12 323
Fort Edwards,
13 171
Hendersonville,
22 345
R. des Moines,
9 180
Evansville,
11 356
Henderson's R.,
52 232
Owensburg,
35 391
Copper Cr.,
39 271
Rockport,
8 399
Fort Armstrong,
26 297
Stephensport,
53 452
Fever R.,
66 363
Leavenworth,
33 485
Platte R.,
34 397
Northampton,
17 502
Cassville,
23 420
Louisville,
42 546
ROUTES FROM ST. LOUIS.
119
To Independence, Mo. by
Steam Boat.
Mouth of Illinois R., 37
Belle Fontaine, 3 40
St. Charles, 19 59
Pt. Look-off, 28 87
Newport, 19 ]06
Griswold & Pinkney, 6 112
Gasconade, 22 134
Osage, 28 162
City of Jefferson, 8 170
Marion, 15 185
Mount Vernon, 15 200
Rocheport, 9 209
Franklin & Booneville, 9 218
Chariton,
Jefferson,
Brunswick,
Lexington,
Camden,
Napoleon,
Sibley,
Independence,
30 248
5 253
18 271
52 323
14 337
5 342
7 349
22 371
To City of Jefferson, by
Stage.
Pt. Look-off, 35
Newport, 20 55
Griswold, 5 60
Gasconade R., 20 80
Osage R., 26 106
City of Jefferson, 9 115
To Wyaconda, by
Stage.
St. Charles,
Troy, 34
Alexandria, 6
Tenton's, 4
Bowling Green, 22
New London, 21 107
Palmyra, 18 125
Wyaconda, 20 145
20
54
60
64
86
To Potosi, by Stage.
Merrimec R., 16
Herculaneum, 14 30
Potosi, 33 63
To Vandalia, 11. by Stage.
Collinsville, 14
Troy, 8 22
Hickory Grove, 20 42
Greenville, 10 52
Mulberry Grove, 8 60
Vandalia, 10 70
To Carrollton, by Stage.
Alton, 24
Linton's, 13 37
Jerseyville, 7 44
Kane P. O., 6 50
Carrollton, 9 59
To Springfield, by Stage.
Alton, 24
Woodburn, 16 40
Carlinville, 21 61
Girard, 12 73
Springfield, 26 99
To Carlisle, by Stage.
Illinois Town, 2
French Village, 5 7
Rock Spring, 13 20
Lebanon, . 4 24
Shoal Cr. P. O., 19 43
Carlisle, 9 52
To Shawneetown,
Belleville,
by Stage.
14
Middleton Ferry,
Nashville,
20
18
34
52
Lit. Muddy R. P. (
Frankfort,
3., 33
15
85
100
Fancy Farm P. O.
Equality,
Shawneetown,
9 109
27 136
15 151
120
TALLAHASSEE.
St. Marks, Fl. (315.)
St Martin, Lou. (308.)
St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.)
St. Marv's, Ga. (318.)
St. Regis, L. C. (14.)
St. Simons I., Ga. (305.)
St. Stephens, Ala. (298.)
St. Sulpice, L. C. (15.)
Stafford, Ct. (110.)
Statesboro, Ga. (289.)
Stedham, PI. (314.)
Sterling, II. (145.)
Steubenville, O. (128.)
Stillwater, N. Y. (83.)
Stoddardsville, Pa. (107.)
Stockbridge, Mass. (83-)
Stockport, Pa. (107.)
Stoystown, Pa. (130.)
Strasburg, Pa., (156.)
Strawberry Ferry, S. C. (274.)
Stuart T., N. H. (38.)
Sturbridge, Mass. (84.)
Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.)
Sullivan's I., S. C. (291.)
Sunbury, Pa. (132.)
Susquehanna R., Pa. (105.)
Suwanee R., Ga. (316.)
Suwanee, Fl. (328.)
Swansboro, Ga. (288.)
Sweatz, Lou. (307.)
Swedesboro, N. J. (157.)
Syracuse, N. Y. (57.)
T.
Tallapoosa R. Ala. (278.) Talbot Ft. U. C, (76.)
Tallahassee, Fl. (315,) capital of Florida* founded and
immediately incorporated as a city, in 1825. Population,
about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some
churches, &c.
ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE.
To Pensacola
Richardson*
29 45
Salubrity,
10
Suwanee Ferry,
30 75
Aspalaga,
34 44
Dells P., O.
54 129
Chipola,
16 60
Picolati,
65 184
Choctawbatchee R.
47 107
St. Augustine,
22 206
Anderson's,
58 165
Pensacola,
37 203
To Lake Iamony,
9
— Lake Jackson,
4
To St. Augustine*
— St. Marks,
21
Gadsden,
16
Taney T., Md,, (155.)
Tappahannock, Va. (198.)
Tarboro, N. C. (237.)
Tarleton, O. (150.)
Tatesville, Ala. (299.)
Tattnall, C. H., Ga. (238.)
Taunton, Mass. (111.)
Taylorsville, Va. (214.)
Taylor, Ga. (289.)
Tecumseh, Mich. (73.)
Tolland,- Ct. (110.)
Tennessee R., T. (206.)
Tennessee R. Ala. (248.)
TENNESSEE. 121
Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 67 counties.
Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. Area,
40,200 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Nashville; lat.
36° 07' N. long. 9° 44' W. General election, first Thursday
and Friday in August, biennially. Legislature meet, third
Monday in September, every second year ; date of constitu-
tion, 1796.
Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary
$2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a senate (25
members) and house of representatives, (75 members) styled
the General Assembly. The members of both are elected
biennially, and receive each $4 a day during the session of the
legislature.
Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals con-
sists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum, three
chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, and a
like number of judges, salary of each $1,300 per annum. The
judges of the supreme and inferior courts. are elected by a
joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. The
former for a term of twelve years, and the latter for eight
years.
Physical Structure. — The most elevated portion of this
state is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state
of North Carolina, to which several local names have been
applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky,
Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains form
a single ridge of the Alleghenies, which, next to the blue
ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. In
descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several infe-
rior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which spurs
issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish the
hydrography of this portion of the state.
The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the
country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, though
in a deep valley, is greatly elevated above the level of tide
water.
A few miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten-
nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height,
and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this part
of the state. The Cumberland mountain, so called, assumes
the appearance and is in fact an extensive plateau, elevated,
probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. The mean
width of this table land is not less than 40 miles ; the western
shelf of the Cumberland plateau, forms, with the exception of
11
122 TENNESSEE.
some hills, the last of the numerous elevations which distin-
guish the whole of the eastern part of the state, which is
emphatically a " mountain region."
Immediately west of the Cumberland bat few hills are seen,
and the country generally begins to assume a level aspect ;
further west, the surface continues to decline until it is again
broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects the state from
south to north ; all beyond is comparatively level, no elevation
deserving the name of mountain, existing in the entire space
between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers.
■Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-Deer, Hatchy and
Wolf, branches of the Mississippi ; Tennessee, French, Broad*
Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c, branches of the
Tennessee ; Cumberland ; Clear fork, Obeys, Caney, and
Stones, branches of the Cumberland.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn*
cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits of many
sorts.
Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, Rut-
ledge, Newport, Blountsville, &c, in east Tennessee. Nash-
ville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, Fayette-
ville, &c, in the centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, Brownsville,
Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and Reynoldsburg in
west Tennessee.
Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Navigable
communication between the waters of the Tennessee and
those of the Coosa, are contemplated. A rail-road from the
town of Randolph, on the Mississippi, to Jackson in Madison
county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to New Orleans, are
proposed, and measures for insuring their early completion,
have been adopted. A rail-road extending eastward from
Memphis is now in progress.
Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.)
Tazewell, T. (211.) Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.)
Tessuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.)
Texas, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.)
Theobald, K. (169.) Tombecbee R., Ala. (282.)
Thomasville, Ga. (316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.)
Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.)
Thompson's, S. C. (290.) Towson, Ark. (260.)
Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.)
Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. (58.)
Thurlow, U. C. (32.)
TRENTON.
123
Trenton, N. J. (134,) capital of New Jersey. Population
about 5,000. The public buildings are, a state-house, two
banks, several large cotton factories, &c.
ROUTES FROM TRENTON.
To Philadelphia
, by Rail-
Sand Hills,
7 18
Road.
New Brunswick,
9 27
Tyburn,
3
Matouchin,
5 32
Tullytown,
3 6
Railway,
6 38
Bristol,
4 10
Elizabethtown,
3 41
Dunksville,
4 14
Boundbrook,
3 44
Pennepack Cr.
4 18
Newark,
3 47
Frankford,
4 22
Jersey City,
9 56
Rail-Road Depot,
4| 26f
New York,
1 57
State H. Philadelphia, 2 28f
To New Yorkt
by Stage.
To Philadelphia
by Stage.
Princeton,
10
Tullytown,
7
Kingston,
3 13
Bristol,
4 11
New Brunswick,
13 26
Holmsburg,
11 22
Milton,
13 39
Frankford,
4 26
Elizabethtown,
5 44
Philadelphia,
5 31
Newark,
6 50
New York,
10 60
To Philadelphia,
by S. Boat.
Lamberton,
2
To New York, by Stage and
Borden town,
4 6
Steam Boat.
Bristol,
9 15
New Brunswick,
as
Burlington,
1 16
above,
26
Bridesburg,
16 32
Perth Amboy,
12 38
Philadelphia,
3 35
New York,
25 63
To Easlon, Pa.
by Stage.
To Crosswicks,
by Stage.
Penington,
9
Bloomsbury,
1
Ringoes,
10 19
White Horse,
3 4
Flemington,
6 25
Sand Hills, on C
. & A.
Pittstown,
9 34
Rail Road,
2 6
Hickorytown,
4 38
Crosswicks,
3 9
Bloom sbury,
5 43
Easton,
8 51
To New Brunswick , by Del-
aware and Raritan Canal.
To New York, by
Rail Road.
Millham,
1
Clarks,
8
Williamsburg,
10 11
Williamsburg,
3 11
Kingston,
3 14
124
TRENTON.
Rocky Hill
Griggstown,
Black wells,
Millstone,
Bound brook,
New Brunswick,
4 22
3 25
30
37
To Bordentown, by Dela-
ware and Raritan Canal.
Bloomsbury, 1
Lamberton, 1 2
Bordentown,
4 6
To Saxtonville by Canal.
Yardleyville Ferry,
Jacobs Creek,
Titus ville,
Belle Mt.
Lambertville and
New Hope,
Prattsville,
Saxtonville,
5
7
10
13
16
21
24
Troupsville, N. Y. (56.)
Trenton, T. (226.)
Trenton, N. C. (237.)
Troy, N. Y. (83,) a large and flourishing city, and seat of
justice tor Renssellaer county. Its population is about 15,000,
with numerous elegant public buildings and private dwellings.
Among the former are four banks, seven churches, a court-
•louse *Scc
ROUTES FROM TROY.
To Whitehall, by Champlain
Canal.
Lansingburg, 4
Anthony's Kill, 10 14
Stillwater, 3 17
Bern is' Heights, 4 21
Fort Miller, 12 43
Fort Edward, 5 48
Sandy Hill, 2 50
Kingsbury, 4 "54
Fort Ann, 4 58
Whitehall,
12 70
To Saratoga, by Rail Road.
Water ford, 4
Anthony's Kill, 8 12
Round lake, 4 16
Ballston, 8£ 24J
Saratoga, 6 30 1
(For routes to Montreal, Uti-
ca, Buffalo, &c. see " Routes
from Albany.")
Tannewanta Canal, see N.
York.
Troy and Ballston Rail Road,
see N. York, (83.)
Troy, 0.(124.)
Troy, Ind. (167.)
Troy, Ten. (205.)
Truxtun, N. Y. (80.)
Truxville, O. (125.)
Tuckerton, N. J. (158.)
Tuckersville, Ga. (305.)
Tulins, Lou. (277.)
Tunkhannock,Pa. (107)
Turner, N. C.(217.)
Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) Capi-
tal of the state.
Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.)
Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.)
Tuscumbia Rail Road, see
Alabama, (246.)
Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.)
UNITED STATES. 125
U.
UfaJlah, Ga. (301 .) Unadilla, N. Y. (81.)
Underwood, Ala. (246.) Union Canal, (85,) see N. H.
Underwoods, Miss. (264.) Union, Mo. (163.) '
Union, N. Y. (83.) Union, S. C. (253.)
Union Canal, (132,) see Pa. Union T., Va. (194.)
Union, Pa. (153.) Unity, Me. (40.)
United States of North America, or "America," as they are
termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, Territo-
ries and Districts.
States. — Maine : New Hampshire ; Vermont; Massachu-
setts ; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New Jersey ;
Pennsylvania ; Delaware ; Maryland ; Virginia ; North Caro-
lina ; South Carolina ; Georgia; Alabama; Mississippi; Lou-
isiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri ; Illinois ; Indiana ;
Ohio; Arkansas and Michigan.
Territories, — Florida, Wisconsin and Iowa.
Districts. — Columbia ; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage and Ozark.
The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, and Ozark, comprehend
the entire region lying west of the states of Missouri, Illinois,
Arkansas, Michigan, and the territory of Iowa. A large
portion of Mandan, and nearly the whole of Osage and Ozark
districts have been assigned to the emigrating Indians, and
are known as " the Indian territory."
The whole having a population according to the census of
1830, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square miles.
(A more detailed account of the States, &c. will be found
under the head of each.)
Capital, Washington, lat 38° 53' N. Metropolis, New York,
lat. 40° 43' N., long. 2° 55' E. Congress meet, first Monday
in December. Date of Constitution, September 17th, 1787.
The elections for President, and members of the Senate and
House of Representatives, are determined by the state govern-
ments respectively, and occur at different periods. The presi-
dent is elected for four years ; the members of the senate for
six, and those of the house of representatives, for two years.
Government. — The executive department consists of a Pres-
ident, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, $5,000 per
annum. Four Secretaries, who are respectively charged with
the duties of the various departments of state, the treasury,
war, and the navy. Each of the secretaries receive a salary of
$6,000 per annum ; one post master general, $6,000 ; and the
attorney general, $3,500. These hold their offices at the will
of the President.
11*
126 UNITED STATES.
Department of State. — The Secretary of this branch of the
government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at home
and abroad; negotiates treaties with foreign powers; dissemi-
nates the acts of" Congress and all treaties ; grants passports;
has charge of the patent-office, and of the seal of the United
States, &c. &c.
The Secretary of the Treasury, superintends all fiscal con-
cerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibility,
recommends to Congress measures for improving the condition
of the revenue, and settles all government accounts, in which
he is aided by two comptrollers, five auditors, a treasurer and
a register. The General Land Office is a subordinate braneh
of this department.
The secretary of war has the superintendence of military
affairs generally; the erection of fortifications; of making
topographical surveys ; surveying and leasing the national lead
mines, and of the intercourse with Indian tribes.
The secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy of the
United States, and superintends the concerns of the navy
establishment generally. The board of navy commissioners
consisting of three officers of the navy, is attached to the office
of the secretary of the navy. This board discharges all the
ministerial duties of that office.
General Post Office. — This department is under the super-
intendence of the post master general, who has two assistants.
The post master general has the sole appointment of all the
post-masters throughout the United States, and the direction
of every thing relating to this department.
The Legislature, — Consists of a Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives, styled the Congress of the United States ; meet once
every year. The Senate is composed of 52 members ; two
from each state. They are chosen by the legislatures of the
several states, for the term of six years, one third of them being
elected biennially.
The vice-president of the United States is president of the
Senate. In his absence a president pro-tempore is chosen by
the Senate.
The House of Representatives is composed of members from
each of the states, elected by the people for a term of two years.
The present number of representatives is 235, and three dele-
gates, one from each of the territories.
The Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a Chief
Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associate
justices, who receive annually $4500 each ; one attorney-gen-
UTICA.
127
era], clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court meets once a
year, on the second Monday in January.
Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Supreme Court,
attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or more dis-
tricts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction with the judge
of the district, compose a circuit court, which is held in each
district of the circuit twice a year. The district courts are
held respectively by the district judge alone. They are com-
posed of twenty eight judges, to each of whom a certain district
is assigned. Each of these districts embraces an entire state,
except those of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama,
Louisiana and Tennessee, which are divided into two districts
each.
- (For information on the physical structure, productions, &c.
of the United States, see the individual states.)
University, N. C. (235.) Upperville, Va. (155.)
Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbanna, O. (125.)
Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.)
Upper Sandusky, O. (125.)
Utica, N. Y. (58.) On the right bank of the Mohawk, 96
miles by rail-road, W. N. W. of Albany. Population about
15,000. Utica, like most of the towns in middle and western
New York, presents an air of uncommon neatness, which
viewed in connection with the vast amount of its business, docs
not fail to arrest the notice of strangers. The Erie Canal, and
the rail road from Albany, westward, pass through the heart
of the city, giving life and animation to all its parts. Several
hundred persons, chiefly emigrants, daily arrive at and depart
from the city, by means of the canals, rail and turnpike roads,
which diverge as from a centre, to every quarter of the state.
The Trenton Falls, about 14 miles north of Utica, deserve
notice. They consist of a succession of cascades formed by
the passage over a limestone ridge of the West Canada Creek,
a tributary of the Mohawk. The principal fall has a descent
of about 70 feet, none of the others exceed 30 feet in perpen-
dicular height. The aggregate fall of the entire series, is about
400 feet, extending in a direction from north to south, nearly
four miles. The rock, a slaty limestone, has every appearance
of having been abraided by the action of the water, to its top-
most stratum. In some places, the sides of the narrow ravine
are nearly two hundred feet above the surface of the stream,
which is constantly encroaching upon its bed, and sinking
deeper and deeper into the solid rock.
128
UTICA VANDALIA.
ROUTES FROM UTICA.
To Albany by
Canal.
To Rochester,
by Canal.
Frankfort,
10
Whitesboro,
4
Herkimer,
5
15
Rome,
11 15
Little Falls,
7
22
New London,
7 22
Canajoharie,
19
41
Canistota,
14 36
Caughnawaga,
12
53
New Boston,
4 40
Amsterdam,
11
64
Chitteningo,
4 44
Schenectady,
18
82
Manlius,
8 52
Troy,
21
103
Syracuse,
9 61
Albany,
7
110
Geddesburg,
Canton,
2 63
12 75
To Albany, by Rail Road.
Jordan,
6 81
Herkimer,
17
Montezuma,
15 96
Little Falls,
7
24
Clyde,
11 107
Palatine Bridge,
20
44
Lyons,
9 116
Caughnawaga,
12
56
Palmyra,
15 131
Amsterdam,
9
65
Pittsfbrd,
19 150
Schenectady,
15
80
Rochester,
10 160
Albany,
16
96
V.
Vacasausa B., FI. (328.) Vance, G. (250.)
Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popula.
tion, 1,500.
STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA.
To Terre Haute.
Ewington, 31
Embarras R. 28 59
Terre Haute, 46 105
To St. Louis, Mo.
Greenville, 16
Edwardsville, 33 49
St. Louis, 20 69
To Vincennes.
Maysville,
Lawrenceville,
45
42 87
Vincennes,
10 97
To Shawneetown.
Salem, 25
Mt. Vernon, 24 49
M'Leansboro, 30 79
Shawneetown, 28 107
To America.
Salem,
Mt. Vernon,
Frankfort,
Vienna,
America,
25
24 49
30 79
36 115
25 140
VERMONT.
129
To Kaskaskia,
Carlyle, 28
Covington, 10 38
New Nashville, 8 46
Kaskaskia, 40 86
To Galena.
Springfield,
70
Elk Hart Grove,
Athens,
Pekin,
Little Prairie,
Peoria,
Rock River,
Galena,
8 78
10 88
40 128
9 137
1 138
76 214
63 277
Vansville, Md. (156.)
Vareens, S. C. (275.)
Varennes, S. G. (252.)
Vassalboro, Me. (40.)
Venus, II. (117.)
Vergennes, Vt. (36.)
Vermillion R. II. (120.)
Vermillion Bay, Fl. (321.)
Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Popu-
lation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capital,
Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. long. 3°
45' E. General election, first Tuesday in September. Legis-
lature meet, second Thursday in October. Constitution
formed, 1777.
Government. — Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieuten-
ant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen
annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a house of
representatives, the members of which are elected annually,
and are styled the General Assembly.
Judiciary : — consists of a supreme court, having a chief
justice and four associate judges, and a county court for each
county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme court
and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the general
assembly. A council of censors, (13 persons,) is chosen every
seven years, for the purpose of inquiring whether the laws
have been faithfully executed, &c.
Physical Structure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a
mountainous region, the great Allegheny mountains pass
through the entire length of the state, separating the waters
of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Champlain.
A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves the main
ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is successive-
ly broken by Onion, Lamcelle and Misisque rivers. The
space intervening between the primary and secondary ranges,
forms a table-land, having a mean altitude of not less than
800 feet above the surface of Lake Champlain. This plateau,
in its turn, supports a multitude of hills and mountain peaks,
1 30 VIRGINIA.
in some places insulated, and in others forming continuous
ranges of several miles in extent. Besides the ridges just men-
tioned, other mountains of great elevation, occur in the south-
western part of the state, altogether presenting a surface
exceedingly rough and uneven.
Lakes. — Champlain, Memphramagog, Seymour, Westmore,
Trout, Bombazine, &c.
Rivers. — Connecticut, White, Passumsick, Missisque, La
Moelle, Onion, Otter, &c.
Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, indian corn, oats, pot and
pearl ashes, provisions. &c.
Toions. — Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middlebury,
Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, Vergen-
nes, St. Albans, &c. &c.
Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around those
falls, half a mile long. Waterquechy Canal. White River
Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to overcome
falls in the Connecticut river.
Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (169.)
Vernon, O. (102.); Vevay, Ind, (168.)
Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.)
Vernon, Ind. (147.) Victor, N. Y. (79.)
Vernon, T. (227.) Vienna, Md. (178.)
Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna, II. (186.)
Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (1 66.)
Virginia state of, (193,) is divided into 123 counties. Popu-
lation, in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. Area,
66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Richmond.
Lat. 37° 32' N. Long. 0° 26' W. Constitution amended and
adopted in 1830. General election, April. Legislature meet,
first Monday in December.
Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly
— term of office three years, salary $3,333 1-3. Lieutenant-
governor, $1,000. Two counsellors, each $1,000. Treasurer
and auditor, each $2,000. Legislature, styled the General
Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and house of dele-
gates. The senate consists of 32 members : and the house
of delegates of 134, of which 31 are elected by the counties
in western Virginia. The legislature meets annually on the
first Monday in December, at Richmond, the capital of the
state.
VIRGINIA. 131
Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a president
with a salary of $2,750, and four other judges, whose salary-
is 2,500 each. This couit holds two sessions annually, one at
Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg in Green-
brier county, for West Virginia, including all the counties
west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first Monday in
July, and continuing ninety days, if business requires it.
General court — The state is divided into ten districts and
twenty-one circuits. There are twenty-one judges, — one for
each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery is
held twice every year in each county and corporation.
Physical Structure. — All that portion of the state which lies
east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Petersburg,
&c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level and but
little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are constantly,
and others occasionally inundated. The country which inter-
venes between that just mentioned and the Blue ridge, is much
broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, and presents other cha-
racteristics of a mountainous region. West of the Blue ridge,
the entire region consists of a succession of elevated ridges,
between which, valleys of great fertility occur, these, although
greatly depressed below the summits of the adjacent mountains,
are elevated several hundred feet above the ocean tides.
After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is much
broken by the action of the waters, as they passed over the
surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus formed those
deep chasms and ravines, through which the streams gene-
rally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed the mountainous
appearance which the western part of the state presents. What
appears to be mountains, are however nothing more than but-
tresses, which support the table-land in the rear. The natural
geography of the state may be thus briefly defined ; in the
east, level ; in the centre, mountainous ; and in the west, hilly
with extensive elevated plains.
Bays and Rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac,
South Branch of Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahanoc, York,
James, Appomatox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c. in the east ;
Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha, Elk,
Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guyandot, Sandy, Clinch, Holston,
&c. in the western part.
Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat,
tobacco, &c. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in the
western part of the state, gold is found ia Spotsylvania, and
some of the adjacent counties.
132 VIRGINIA.
Towns. — Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Fre-
dericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax, Warrenton,
Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, Staunton, Har-
risonburg, Warm Springs, Wheeling, Parkersburg, Charleston,
Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &c. in the west.
Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely a
series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin at
Richmond 80 feet above tide water. From this basin pro-
ceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 2J
miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles further is a
short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. James and
Jackson River Canal and Navigation, commences at the basin
at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's Adventure Falls, 30|
miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends along the bank of James
River, through a gap of the Blue ridge, length 6-81 miles. An
extension of the James River Canal, to Lynchburg, is now in
course of execution, and its continuation to Covington is propo-
sed. The Roanoke improvement consists of a slack water navi-
gation, and extends from the Weldon Canal in N. Carolina to
Salem in Virginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rap-
pahanoc,Appomatox, Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and
Kanawha rivers, have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp
Canal, extends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake
Bay, to Joyce's Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albe-
marle sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral canals, one from
Lake Drummond, 5 miles in length, which in addition to its
uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to the
main trunk ; and the other 6 miles long, opens a communi-
cation between the principal canal, and the head waters of
North WTest river. — Rail Roads. Manchester Rail Road,
extends from Manchester to the coal mines, length 13 miles.
Winchester Rail Road extends from Harper's Ferry to Win-
chester, length 30 miles. Petersburg and Roanoke Rail-Road,
extends from Petersburg in Virginia, to Blakely, at the foot of
the Roanoke canal, in N. Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A
branch from this road leaves the main lines about 10 miles
from Blakely, which extends to the head of the rapids of
Roanoke, length about 12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke
Rail Road, commences at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes
in a direct course, intersects the Petersburg road 6 miles from
Blakely, and terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below
the Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe-
tersburg Rail Road, length 21-50 miles. Richmond and Fre-
dericksburg Rail-Road length 64 miles. A branch leaves this
VIRGINIA. WAR 133
road near Hanover court house, and extends to Gordonsville a
distance of about 55 miles. Belleplain Rail-Road, extends
from Fredericksburg to Belleplain, situated on a branch of the
Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. The Baltimore and
Ohio Rail-Road, after crossing the Potomac at Harper's Ferry,
will be carried through Jefferson, Berkeley, Morgan and
Hampshire counties of Virginia, and thence pass into Mary-
land.
The Eastern shore Rail-Road of Maryland will also be ex-
tended into Virginia, passing into the peninsula of Accomac
and Northampton counties. These sections are now in pro-
gress.
Rail-roads from Fredericksburg to Alexandria in the district
of Columbia, with a branch to Warrenton ; — From Petersburg
to Farmville ; — From Richmond to Danville, via Cumberland
C. H,, Farmville, Maryville and Banister ; — From Danville to
Martinsville, thence toEvansham, Abingdon, &c. to unite with
the Tennessee Rail-road from Knoxville ; — From Danville to
Newbern in Montgomery county ; — From Lynchburg to New-
bern ; — From Buchannan to Salem, with a branch to Fincas-
tle ; — From Covington, the proposed western terminus of the
James river canal, to Loop Shoals, on the Great Kanawha ; —
From Weldon, in N. Carolina, along the right bank of the
Roanoke, to Danville ; — From Orange C. H. to Charlottsville ;
and from Gordonsville to Harrison, are proposed.
Volina, F. (338.)
W.
Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.)
Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road, see
Weldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.)
lina, (217.) Wabash R. Ind. (122.)
West Chester Rail-Road, see Wabash R. II. (144.)
Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.)
Waterquechy Canal, see Ver- Waddington, N. Y. (34.)
mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.)
White River Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.)
mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.)
Wilmington and Downing. Wallingford, Ct. (110.)
town Rail-Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.)
ware, (157.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.)
Washington Canal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.)
Jersey, (134.) Wareboro, Ga. (304.)
Winyaw Canal, see South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.)
12
134 WASHINGTON.
Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a rioted watering- place, situated
in Bath county, on the western declivity of Spring mountain.
The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are characterized by a
high and uniform degree of temperature, (97|°,) and the pre-
sence of sulphuretic hydrogen, and carbonic acid gasses.
(For distances between the various watering places in central
Virginia, see " White Sulphur Spring.")
Warren, Me. (40.) Washington, N. H. (61.)
Warren, O. (102.) Washington, Pa. (128.)
Warren, Pa. (103.) Washington, O. (149.)
Warren O. (128.) Washington, Ind. (166.)
Warren, Va. (196.) Washington, Va. ( 1 75.)
Warrenton, Va. (176.) Washington* T. (230.)
Warrenton, N. C. (216.) ' Washington, N. C. (237.)
Warrenton, Ga. (271.) Washington, N. C. (257.)
Warrington, Miss. (279.) Washington, Ark. (260.)
Warwassing, N. Y. (108.) Washington, Ga. (271.)
Warwick, R. I. (111.) Washington, Ala. (284.)
Warwick* Md. (157.) Washington, Miss. (295.)
Washington, D. C. (176.) Capital of the United States.
Population, 18,827.
_ This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and prin-
cipal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various public
buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Pennsylvania
Avenue, which leads from the capitol to the president's house,
is the principal place of business, and the great promenade of
the city. Many of the other streets are wide and well built.
The greater part of the city plot, however, remains unoccupied.
The public buildings, &c. are, 1. The capitol, 363 feet in
length, with an open area containing 22 J acres; cost of the
capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house about 1 1-4
mile from the capitol. 3. The public offices, four in number,
in the immediate vicinity of the president's house: these
buildings are occupied by the four departments of the govern-
ment. 4. The general post office. The navy yard is situated
on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In addition to the
above, which belong to the United States, there are many public
buildings, erected by the local authorities of the city and others,
among these are; the city hall, Columbia college, catholic
college, market house, theatre, several banks, 17 churches, &c.
WASHINGTON.
135
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON.
To Baltimore, by Stage.
Aldie,
24 47
Bladensburg, 6
Upperville
14 61
Vansville, 8 14
Millwood,
10 71
Elkridge Landing, 15 29
Winchester,
13 84
Baltimore, 8 37
To Dover, Del
Bladensburg,
6
Pawtuxet R.,
20 26
Annapolis,
14 40
Broad Cr. (by water,)
12 52
Sharktown,
4 56
Queenstown,
8 64
Centreville,
7 71
Georgetown,
25 96
Dover,
8 104
To Point Lookout.
Welby,
7
Piscataway,
8 15
Port Tobacco,
14 29
Newport,
13 42
Chaytico,
10 52
Leonardtown,
5 57
Great Mills,
11 68
St. Inigoes,
7 75
Pt. Lookout,
10 85
To Richmond, Va.
Alexandria,
9
Oecoquan,
17 26
Dumfries,
9 35
Aquia,
9 44
Fredericksburg,
14 58
Bowlinggreen,
22 80
Hanover, C. H.
23 103
Richmond,
19 122
To Winchester, Va.
Alexandria, 9
Fairfax C. H. 14 23
To Virginia Springs, by
Stage.
Alexandria,
Fairfax C. H. 15
Centreville, 8
Bull Run, 3
Buckland Mills, 11
New Baltimore, 4
Warrenton, 6
Lee's Sulphur Springs, 6
Jefferson, 3
Fairfax C. H. 12
Cedar Mt.
Rapidan,
Orange C. H.
(Thence to Montpelier,
seat of Mr. Madison,
5 miles.)
Gordonsville,
Monticello,
Charlottesville and f
University of Va.
York,
Waynesboro,
Staunton,
Jennings N. Mt.
Clover dale,
Green Valley,
Warm Springs,
Hot Springs,
Jackson River,
Calahan's,
White Sulphur Sp.
Sweet Sulphur Sp.
Salt Sulphur Sp.
Red Sulphur Spr.
9
24
32
35
46
50
56
62
65
77
83
89
95
8 104
16 120
3 123
19
6
142
148
12 161
17 177
12 189
11 200
13 213
5 218
9 227
11 238
18 256
28 284
1 285
14 299
136
WAS
WHEELING.
To Frederick, Md.
Simon sville, 7
Rockville, 7 14
Seneca, 7 21
Middlebrook, 5 26
Hyattstown, 8 34
Frederick, 11 45
To Baltimore, by Steam Boat.
Alexandria,
Mount Vernon,
Crane Island,
Cook's Ferry,
Boyd's Hole,
Mathew's point,
Cedar Pt.
9 17
5 22
13 35
15 50
8 58
7 65
Washington's Birth
place, Jl 76
Ragged Point, 15 91
Point Lookout, 16 107
PawtuxentR. 20 127
Sharp's Island, 22 149
Herring Bay, 10 159
Bodkin Pt. 32 191
Baltimore, 13 204
To Harper's Ferry, by Canal.
Great Falls, 13
Seneca Creek, 10 23
Peter's Quarry, 17 40
Monocacy R. 5 45
Cotoctin, Cr. 12 57
Harper's Ferry, 12 69
Washitta R., Ark. (241.)
Washitta R., Lou. (278.)
Waterford, Me. (39.)
Waterford, N. Y. (83.)
Waterford, Pa. (102.)
Waterford, Pa. (131.)
Waterford, O. (151.)
Waterholes, Miss. (296.)
Waterloo, Ala. (246.)
Watertown, N. Y. (58.)
Watertown, Ct. (109.)
Waynesboro, T. (227.)
Waynesboro, G. (272.)
Waynesboro, N. C. (236.)
Waynesville, N. C. (232.)
Waynesburg, Pa. (152.)
Wayne, Ind. (97.)
Wayne, Pa. (133.)
Weathersford, Ala. (284.)
Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.)
Webbville, Fl/(314.)'
Well, K. (189.)
Welfleet, Mass. (112.)
Wellsboro, Pa. (105.)
Wells, Me. (63.)
Wells, Pa. (156.)
Wentworth, N. H. (62.)
Wentworth, N. H. (215.)
Westminster, Vt. (61.)
Westminster, Md. (156.)
Westport, Md. (153.)
West Point, N. Y., seat of the
United States Military Aca-
demy, (109.)
Weston, Va. (152.)
Westville, Miss. (296.)
West Union, O. (170.)
WestChester, Pa. (157.)
West, N. Y. (57.)
Weymouth, N. J. (158.)
Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not only important as
it regards population, but is also the leading point in one of
the great thoroughfares of this section of the United States.
WHEELING.
137
Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number has in-
creased considerably since that period. The national road
leading from Cumberland to the western capitals, passes
through Wheeling ; at this point emigrants and travellers
embark on board of steam boats for every part of the western
country.
ROUTES FROM WHEELING.
To Baltimore, by the National
Road.
W. Alexandria, Pa.
Claysville,
Washington,
Hillsboro,
Brownsville,
Union,
Smyth field,
Mt. Pleasant, Md.
Cumberland,
Prattsville,
Hancock,
Williamsport,
Boonsboro,
Frederick,
Baltimore, by R. R.
16
22
31
43
54
66
87
116
10 126
21 147
18 165
27 192
12 204
16 220
59 279
6
9
12
11
12
21
29
To Columbus, O. by the
National Road.
St. Clairsville,
Morristown,
12
12
14
7
15
10
10
22
34
48
55
70
80
Fairview,
Washington,
Cambridge,
Norwich,
Zanesville,
Hebron, 27 107
Columbus, 28 135
To Chillicothe.
Zanesville, as above,
Union, 9
Somerset, 9
Rushville, 8
80
89
98
106
Lancaster, 10 116
Tarlton, 14 130
Kingston, 8 138
Chillicothe, 12 150
To Wooster, O.
Harrisville, 13
Cadiz, 9 22
New Philadelphia, 33 55
Dover, on Canal, 3 58
Paintville, 18 76
Wooster, 16 92
To Pittsburg.
Washington, Pa. 31
Canonsburg, 7 38
Birmingham, 17 55
Pittsburg, 1 56
To Pittsburg, by Steam
Boat.
Warrenton,
Wellsburg,
Steubenville,
Fawcetstown,
Beaver,
Economy,
Middletown,
Pittsburg,
8
14
21
22 43
19 62
9 71
9 80
11 91
To Cincinnati, by S. Boat.
Elizabethtown, 13
Sistersvilje, 35 48
12*
138
WHITE SULPHUR SPRING.
Newport,
17 65
Portsmouth,
41 255
Marietta,
16 81
Manchester,
36 291
Parkersburg,
13 94
Maysville,
10 301
Bellville,
17 111
Ripley,
7 308
Letart's Rapids,
30 141
Augusta,
9 317
Point Pleasant, Va.
29 170
Point Pleasant, 0.
15 332
Gallipolis,
3 173
Cincinnati,
26 358
Guyandot,
34 207
(For continuation
to N. Or-
Burlington,
7 214
leans, see
" Cincinnati.")
White Apple, Miss. (295.)
Whitehall, N. Y. (60.)
White Hills, N. H. (38.)
White Plains, N.Y. (109.)
White River, Ind. (123.)
White R. Ark. (201.)
White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county,
a place of fashionable resort during the months of July,
August and September, and the most celebrated among the
innumerable mineral springs which abound in the central
parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul-
phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at
night, to a considerable distance around the spring.
ROUTES FROM THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRING.
To Washington City.
Callahan's,
Jackson river,
Hot Springs,
Warm Springs,
Green Valley,
Cloverdale,
Staunton,
Waynesboro,
York,
Charlottesville,
Monticello,
Gordonsville,
Orange C. H.
Fairfax C. H.
Jefferson,
Lee's Sulphur Spring,
Warrenton,
New Baltimore,
Centreville,
Alexandria,
18
11
29
9
38
5
43
13
56
11
67
29
96
12
108
6
114
19
133
3
136
16
152
8
160
19
179
12
191
3
194
6
200
6
206
18 224
23 247
Washington City, 9 256
To Guyandot.
Lewisburg,
Shrewsbury,
Charleston,
10
78 88
8 96
Barboursville,
36 132
Guyandot,
5 137
To Richmond.
Callahan's,
18
Covington,
7 25
Colliertown,
25 50
Lexington,
8 58
Lynchburg,
Planterstown,
40 98
32 130
Cumberland C. H.
24 154
Scottsville,
25 179
Richmond,
32 211
WILMINGTON.
139
To Winchester.
Warm Spring,
Gap,
Spring,
Harrisonburg,
New Market,
Mt. Pleasant,
Woodstock,
Strasburg,
Winchester,
35
7
43
78
85
22 107
18 125
7 132
13 145
11 156
18 174
From White Sulphur Spring
to
Red Spring, S. S. E. 71 ms.
Sweet Spring, S. S. E. 18 «
BlueS^lp.do.W. N. W.21"
Sweet Sul." S. S. W. 28"
Salt Sulp. " S. S. W. 29 »
RedSulp. « S. W. 43"
Grey Sul. « S. S. W. 50"
Wickford, R. 1.(111.)
Wilderness, Va. (176.)
Wilford, Ala. (298.)
Wilkesbarre,Pa.(l07.)
Wilkesville, N. C. (213.)
Williamsburg, O. (149.)
Williamsburg, Va. (198.)
Williamsburg, T. (209.)
Williamsburg, K. (210.)
^Williamsburg, Miss. (297.)
Williamsboro, N. C. (21 6.)
Williamsport, Pa. (105.)
Williamsport, Ind. (121.)
Williamston, Vt. (37.)
Williamston, Mass. (83.)
Williamston, N. C. (237.)
Williamstown,N. Y. (34.)
Williams, Ark. (259.)
Williams, Ala. (311.)
Williamsport, K. (169.)
Williston, Vt. (37.)
Willowgrove, Pa. (133.)
Willstown, Ala. (249.)
Wilmington, Vt. (84.)
Wilmington, O. (126.)
Wilmington, O. (149.)
Wilmington, Del. (157,) the metropolis of the state of Dela-
ware. Population in 1830, 6,628 ; is now probably 8,000.
The public buildings are a city hall, two market houses, three
banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &c. There are in
and about Wilmington upwards of 100 extensive manufactories,
chiefly on the Brandywine creek. The Brandywine springs
are situated about 5 miles west of Wilmington.
ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON.
To Philadelphia by Stage.
Chester, 13
Darby, 9 22
Philadelphia, 6 28
To Philadelphia, by Rail
Road.
Marcus Hook road, 9
Chester, 4 13
Gray's Ferry,
Philadelphia R. R.,
Philadelphia,
9 22
4 26
1 27
To Baltimore by Rail Road.
Newport, 4
Newark road, 8 12
Elkton, 6 18
Northeast, ■ 6 24
140 WIL
WISCONSIN.
Charleston,
3 27
Red Lion,
7 12
Havre de Grace,
6 33
St. George's,
3 15
Bush River,
12 45
Trap,
4 19
Gunpowder R.
7 52
Cantwell's,
4 23
Back River,
11 63
Smyrna,
10 33
Depot,
4 67
Hamsville,
7 40
Baltimore
1 68
Dover,
5 45
To Baltimore, by Stage.
To Philadelphia, by
Steam
Christiana,
9
Boat.
Elkton,
11 20
Delaware R.
3
Havre de Grace,
16 36
Marcus Hook,
8 11
Hartford,
11 47
Chester,
4 15
Gunpowder,
10 57
Lazaretto,
5 20
Baltimore,
15 72
Fort Mifflin, .
5 25
Gloucester Point,
5 30
To Dover, Del,
Philadelphia,
3 33
New Castle,
5
Wilsons, Miss. (264.)
Wilshire, O. (124.)
Winchendon, Mass. (84.)
"Winchester, Ct.( 109.)
Winchester, O. (124.)
Winchester, Va. (154.)
Winchester, K. (169.)
Winchester, T. (228.)
Winchester, Miss. (298.)
Wind Gap, Pa. (133.)
Windham, Me. (63.)
Windham, Ct. (110.)
Windsor, Vt. (61.)
Windsor, Ct. (110.)
Windsor, N. C. (237.)
Winsboro, S. C. (253.)
Winyaw Bay, S. C. (274.)
Wiscasset, Me. (64.)
Wisconson R., Mich. (44.)
Witamky, Fl. (329.)
Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.)
Woodbury, N. J. (157.)
Woodsfield, O. (151.)
Woodstock, Me. (39.)
Woodstock, Vt. (61.)
Woodstock, Va. (175.)
Woodville, Va. (197.)
Woodville, Miss. (295.)
Woodville, Lou. (324.)
Wooster, O. (126.)
Worcester, Mass. (85.)
Worthington, O. (125.)
Wyliesburg, Va. (216.)
Wynton, N. C. (217.)
Wyoming, Pa. (107.)
Wisconsin, Territory of, is divided into 18 counties. Popu-
lation, about 30,000. Area, 90,720 square miles. Capital,
Madison. Lat. 43° 51' N., Long. 12° 27' W.
Government. — Governor appointed by the President and
Senate ; and secretary, who continue in office two years.
WIS ZAN 141
The judicial as well as the executive officers of the Territory
are chosen by the president of the U. States, by and with the
consent of the senate.
Physical Structure. — Extending from the lat. of 42° 30' to
49° North, with an area, equal in extent, to two of the border-
ing states, the Territory of" Wisconsin possesses almost every
variety of soil — nothing deserving the name of mountain is
found within its limits, and, with the exception of the innu-
merable lakes and swamps which abound in the northern part
of the Territory, every part of its surface is susceptible of
cultivation. Even in the lead districts, where fertility is
scarcely looked for, the agricultural products are in no wise
inferior to those of other sections of the country.
Mines of lead have for many years been worked to great
advantage. Copper ore has also been recently found in great
abundance, and of superior quality.
x.
Xenia, O. (149.)
Y.
Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) York, Pa. (1 56.)
Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) York, Va. (198.)
Yancvville, Va. (196.) York H., P. (132.)
Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York R., Va. (198.)
York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) Yorkville, S. C. (253.)
York, Me. (63.) Youngs, II. (165.)
York, II. (145.)
Z.
Zanesville, O. (150.)
TABLE OF MONEY.
143
TABLE
OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEY,
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATED
IN DOLLARS AND CENTS.
The fractional parts of the cents are decimals.
Great Britain.
Holland.
$ cts.
$ cts.
Farthing
00,46
Stiver
01,94
Penny
01,85
Scalin
11,64
Groat
07,40
Guilder, or Florin
38,80
Shilling
22,22
Rix dollar
97,00
Crown, or 5 shillings
1 11,16
Ducat
2 07,86
Sovereign, or pound
4 44,44
Gold Ducat
8 00,00
Guinea, 21 shillings
4 66,66
Portugal.
France.
Re
00,12
Vinton
02,50
Denier
00,08
Testoon
12,50
Sol, or 12 deniers
00,92
Crusade of ex
50,00
Livre Tournois, or
Milre*
1 25,00
20 sols
18,52
Moidore
6 00,00
Ecu, or crown, 6
Joannese
8 00,00
livres
1 10,00
Pistole* 10 livres
1 85,17
Italy.
Louis d'or
4 44,44
Frane
18,74
Soldi
00,80
Five francs
93,70
Chevelet
03,18
Lire*
15,92
Spain.
Testoon
23,88
Croisade
79,60
Maravadie*
• 00,30
Pezzo of ex*
92,60
Rial
10,00
Genouine
1 36,12
Pistarine
20,00
Pistole
3 20,00
Piaster of ex*
80,00
Dollar
1 00,00
Switzerland.
Ducat of ex*
1 10,00
Pistole
3 60,00
Fenning
00,24
144
TABLE OF MONEY,
$ cts.
Prussia.
Cruitzer
00,92
Sol*
02,77
$ cts.
Gulden
55,55
Grosh
00,86
Rix dollar
1 00,00
Coustic
04,32
Austria.
Tinse
12,96
Crutzer
Grosh
Batzen
Gould
Rix dollar
00,86
03,14
03,44
51,85
77,77
Ort
Florin
Rix dollar*
Ducat
Frederick d'or
15,55
25,92
77,76
2 07,40
3 88,80
Ducat
2 07,40
Russia.
Sweden.
Atlin
03,00
Stiver
00,72
Grievener
10,00
Copper marc
02,88
Polpotin
25,00
Silver marc
08,64
Poltin
50,00
Copper dollar
11,52
Ruble
1 00,00
Caroline
25,92
Zervonitz
2 00,00
Rix dollar
1 03,70
Ducat
2 07,40
Turkey.
Denmark.
Mangar
00,28
Shilling
01,04
Asper*
01,12
Duggen
06,24
Parac
03,33
Marc*
16,66
Bestic
05,55
Rix marc
20,83
Estic
11,11
Rix ort
25,00
Solata
22,22
Crdwn
66,66
Piaster*
88,88
Rix dollar
1 00,00
Caragrouch
1 11,10
Ducat
8 83,34 Xeriff
2 22,20
* These are merely nominal, and not represented by any
real coin.
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