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ANATOMY 

OF 

MELANCHOLY, 

WHAT  IT  IS,  WITH  ALL  THE 

KINDS  CAUSES,  SYMPTOMES,  PROGNOSTICS, 

AND 

SEVERAL  CURES  OF  IT. 

IN  THREE  PARTITIONS. 

,  WITH    THEIR   SEVERAL 

SECTIONS,    MEMBERS,   &  SUBSE  CTIONS, 

PHILOSOPHICALLY,  MEDICINALLY,  HISTORICALLY  OPENED  AND  CUT  UP. 
BY 

DEMOCRITUS  JUNIOR. 

WITH 

A  SATYRICAL  PREFACE  CONDUCING  TO  THE  FOLLOWING  DISCOURSE. 

A  NEW  EDITION. 

TO   WHICH   IS   PREFIXED 

THE  LIFE  OF  THE  AUTHOR. 


VOL.  II. 


LONDON : 


PRINTED  FOR  THOMAS  M'LEAN,  HAYMARKET;  R,  GRIFFIN  &  CO. 
GLASGOW;  AND  J.   GUMMING,  DUBLIN. 


A\ 


^.< 


SECT.  111. 

MEMB.  I.    SUBSECT.  I. 

A  Consolatory  Digression,  containinff   the  Remedies  of  all 
manner  of  Discontents. 

JjECAUSE,  in  the  precedent  section,  I  have  made  mention 
of  good  counsel,  comfortable  speeches,  perswasion,  how  neces- 
sarily they  are  required  to  the  care  of  a  discontented  or  trou- 
bled mind,  how  present  a  remedy  they  yield,  and  many  times 
a  sole  sufficient  cure  of  themselves;  1  have  thought  fit,  in 
this  following-  section,  a  little  to  digress,  (if  at  least  it  be  to 
digress  in  this  subject)  to  collect  and  glean  a  few  remedies,  and 
comfortable  speeches,  out  of  our  best  orators,  philosophers, 
divines,  and  fathers  of  the  church,  tending  to  this  purpose. 
I  confess,  many  have  copiously  written  of  this  subject,  Plato, 
Seneca,  Plutarch,  Xenophon,  Epictetus,  Theophrastus,  Xe- 
nocrates.  Grantor,  Lucian,Boethius — and  some  of  late,  Sado- 
letus,  Cardan,  Budaeus,  Stella,  Petrach,  Erasmus,  besides 
j(\ustin,  Cyprian,  Bernard,  &c.  and  they  so  well,  that,  as 
Hierome  in  like  case  said,  si  nostrum  areret  ingeninm,  de  il- 
lorum  posset  fontibus  irrigari,  if  our  barren  wits  were  dryed 
up,  they  might  be  copiously  irrigated  from  those  well-springs; 
and  I  shall  but  actum  agere.  Yet,  because  these  tracts  are  not 
so  obvious  and  common,  1  will  epitomize,  and  briefly  insert 
some  of  their  divine  precepts,  reducing  their  voluminous  and 
vast  treatises  to  my  small  scale  ;  for  it  were  otherwise  impos- 
sible to  bring  so  great  vessels  into  so  little  a  creek.  And,  al- 
though (as  Cardan  said  of  his  book  de  consol.)  ^  I  knoiv  before 
hand,  this  tract  of  mine  many  tvill  contemn  and  reject;  they 
that  are  fortunate,  happy,  and  in  flourishing  estate,  have  no 
need  of  such  consolatory  speeches;  they  that  are  miser  able  and 


a  Lib.  de  lib.  propriis.  Hos  libros  scio  miiltos  spprnere  ;  nam  felices  bis  se  non  in- 
digere  putant,  infelices  ad  solationem  miseriae  non  snfficere.  Et  tamen  felicihns.  mo- 
d^^rationeoi,  dmn  inconstantiam  hinuanae  ielicitatis  docent,  piajstant :  inf'elices,  si 
omnia  recte.sestimare  veliut,  felices  reddeie  possimt. 

VOL.  II.  B 


a  ( 'ini^  of  yjefancholif.  [Part,  '2.  Sec.  3. 

vnfiuppi/,  think  tliem  unsftfficicut  to  east-  t/ieir  (jrieved  viinch, 
and,  comfort  ihrh  misrrif ;  yet  I  n  ill  go  on  ;  for  this  must  needs 
do  some  good  to  snch  as  are  liappy,  to  brinii  them  to  a  jno- 
deration,  and  make  tliem  reflect  and  know  themselves,  by 
seeing-  the  unconstancy  of  humane  felicity,  others  misery  : 
and  to  such  as  are  distressed,  if  they  will  but  attend  and  con- 
sider of  this,  it  cannot  choose  but  give  some  content  and 
comfort.  •*  'Tis  true,  no  medicine  can  cure  all  diseases:  some 
affections  of  the  mind  are  altor/ether  invitrahle :  yet  these  helps 
of  art,  phy sick,  and  philosophy,  mnst  not  he  contemned.  Arr'\- 
anus  and  Plotinus  are  stifle  in  the  contrary  opinion,  that  such 
preceptscandolittlegood.  Boethiushimsielfcannot  comfort  in 
some  cases  ;  they  will  rejectsuch  speeches,  like  bread  ofstones: 

Insana  stultae  mentis  heec  solatia. 
Words  adde  no  conrar/e  (which  ''  Catiline  once  said  to  his 
souldiers)  :  a  captains  cration  doth  not  make  a  coicard  a  x'a- 
liant  man:  and,  as  Job 'feelingly  said  to  his  friends,  you  are 
hut  miserable  comforters  all.  'lis  to  no  purpose,  in  that  vul- 
gar phrase,  to  use  a  company  of  obsolete  sentences,  and  fami- 
liar sayings:  as  'Plinius  Secundus,  being  now  sorrowful  an<l 
heavy  for  the  departure  of  his  dear  friend  Cornelius  Rufus,  a 
Roman  senator,  wrote  to  his  fellow  Trio  in  like  ca-se,  adhihe 
solatia,  sed  nova  alicjua,  sed  fort ia,  qua:  avdicrini  nunqnam, 
leqerim.  nunqnam:  nam  quae  audivi,  quce  leqi,  omnia  tanto 
dolore  superanttir ;  either  say  something- that  1  never  read  nor 
heard  of  before,  or  else  hold  thy  peace.  Most  men  will  here 
except.trivial  consolations,  ordinary  speeches,  and  known  per- 
swasions,  in  this  behalf  Mill  be  of  small  force;  what  can  any 
man  say  that  haih  not  been  said?  to  what  end  are  such  parte- 
netical  discourses'?  you  may  as  soon  remove  mount  Caucasus, 
as  alter  some  mens  affections.  Yet  sure  I  think  iliey  cannot 
choose  but  do  i-omo  good,  comfort  and  ease  a  little  :  though  it 
be  the  same  again,  1  will  say  it ;  and  upon  that  hope,  1  will 
adventure  ''  Non  mens  hie  sermo,  "'tis  not  my  speech  this,  but 
of  Seneca,  Plutarch,  Epictetus,  Austin,  Bernard,  Christ,  and 
his  apostles.  If  I  make  nothing,  as  *^Montaigne  said  in  like 
case,  [  will  mar  nothing;  'tis  not  my  doctrine  but  my  study  ;  I 
hope  I  shall  do  no  body  wrong'  to  speak  what  1  think,  and  de- 
serve not  blame  in  imparting  my  mind.  If  it  be  not  for  thy 
ease,  it  may  be  for  my  own:  so  Tully,  Cardan,  and  Boefhius 
wrote  de  consol.  as  well  to  help  themselves,  as  others.  Be  it  as 
it  may,  I  will  essay. 

"  Nullum  medicaraentiim  omnes  sanaie  potest ;  sunt  alleclus  aninii  qui  prorsus 
suntiusanabiles:  non  tamen  artis  opus  speriii  dobef,  aut  inediciiia-,  ai!t  philosopliiae. 
^Sallust.  Verba  virtutt-ni  non  addiint,  nee  iraperaloris  oratio  facit  e  tiniido  forteni. 
*•  Job,  cap.  16.  dEpist.  12.  lil).  1.  *  Hor.  'Lib.  2.  Essays,  cap.  6. 


Mem.  1.  Sul)s.  ].J     Remedies  against  Discontents.  3 

Discontents  and  grievances  are  either  g-eneral!  or  particular; 
g-enerall  are  wars,  plagues,  dearths,  famine,  fires,  inundations, 
unseasonable  weather,  epidemical  diseases,  wliich  afflict  whole 
kingdoms,  territories,  cities  :  or  peculiar  to  private  men,  *as 
cares, crosses,  losses,  death  of  friends,  poverty,  want,  sickness, 
orbities,  injuries,  abuses,  &c.  generally  all  discontent:  ^homi- 
nes quatimur  Jortume  salo:  no  condition  free  :  qimque  mos 
patimur  manes.  Even  in  the  midst  of  our  mirth  and  jollity, 
there  is  some  grudging-,  some  complaint;  as  "^  he  saith,  our 
whole  life  is  a  (/luaqjicron,  a  bitter-sweet  passion,  hony  and 
gall  mixt  together  ;  we  are  all  miserable  and  discontent ;  who 
can  deny  it?  if  all,  and  that  it  be  a  common  calamity,  an  in- 
evitable necessity,  all  distressed,  then,  as  Cardan  infers,  ^who 
art  thou,  that  hope  st  to  go  free?  Why  dost  thou  not  grieve, 
thou  art  a  mortall  man,  and  not  governor  of  the  world  '/ 

Fene,  quam  sortem  patiuntur  cranes, 
Nemo  recuset : 

•  if  it  he  common  to  all,  why  should  one  man  he  more  disquieted 
then  another?  If  thou  alone  wert  distressed,  it  were  indeed 
more  irksome,  and  less  lo  be  indured:  but,  whenthe calamity 
is  common,  comfort  thyself  with  this,  thou  hast  more  fellows  : 

Solameu  miseris  socios  habuisse  doloris ; 
'tis  not  thy  sole  case;  and  why  shouldstthou  be  so  impatient? 
^/,  but  alas  we  are  more  miserable  than  others :  what  shall  we 
do  ?  Besides  private  miseries,  we  live  ijtperpetuallfear^and 
danger  of  common  enemies:  tee  have  Bellonas  whips  andpit- 
tifull  out-cryes^for  epithalamlums  ;  for  pleasant  musick,  that 
fearf  all  noise  of  ordnance,  drums,  cm d  warlike  trumpets,  still 
sounding  in  our  eares ;  instead  ofnuptiall  torches^  we  have 
Jiring  of  towns  and  cities  :  for  triumphs,  lamentations  ;  for 
joy,  teares.  ^So  it  is,  and  so  it  was,  and  ever  will  be.  He 
that  refuseth  to  see  and  hear,  to  silver  this,  is  riot  Jit  to  live 
in  this  world,  and  knows  not  the  common  condition  of  all  men, 
to  whom,  as  long  as  they  live,  with  a  reciprocall  course,  j'oyes 

a  Alium  paupertas,  aliutn  orbitas,  hunc  morbi,  ilium  tiraor,  alium  injuria?,  hunc  iiisf- 
diae,  ilium  uxor,  filii,  distrahunt.     Cardau.  ''Boethius,  1.  1- met.  5.  ^Apu- 

leius,  4.  florid.  Nihil  homini  tam  prospere  datum  divinitus,  quia  ei  admixtum  sit  ali- 
quid  difficultatis ;  in  amplissima  quaque  Ijetitia  subest  quaedara  querimonia,  conjuga- 
tione  quadam  mellis  et  fellis.  d  Si  omnes  premantur,  quis  tu  es,  qui 

solus  evadere  cupis  ab  ea  lege  quas  neminem  prseterit  ?  Cur  te  non  immortalem  factum, 
et  universi  orbis  regem  fieri,  non  doles?  e  Puteanus,  ep.  75,    Nequo 

cuiquam  pragcipue  dolendura  eo  quod  accjdit  universis.  fLorchan.  Gallobel- 

gicus,  lib.  3.  Anno  1598,  de  Belgis.  Sed  eheu  !  inquis  ;  euge  !  quid  agemus  ?  ubi  pro 
epitbalamio  Bellonae  flagellum,  pro  musica  harmonia  terribilium  lituorum  et  tubarum 
audias  claugorem,  pro  taedis  nuptialibus,  villanim,  pagorura,  urbium  videas  incendia  ; 
ubi  pro  jubilo  lameata,  pro  risu  flatus,  aerem  complent.  e  Ita  est  profecto ;  ct 

quisquis  hcec  videre  abnuis,  huic  sa;culo  parum  aptus  es;  aut  potius  nostrorum  omnium 
conditiouem  ignoras,  quibus  reciproco  quodam  nexu  laeta  tristibus,  tristia  Isetis,  invicem 
succedunt. 

b2 


4  Cure  of  Melanchuly.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

and  sorrows  (ire  annexed,  and  succeed  one  another.  It  is  in- 
evitable ;  it  may  not  be  avoided  ;  and  why  then  shouldst  thou 
be  so  much  troubled  ? 

Grave  nihil  est  homini  quod  fert  necessitas, 

as  "Tully  deems  out  of  an  old  poet:  that  which  is  necessary 
cannot  be  grievous.  If  it  be  so,  then  comfort  thyself  in  this» 
^that,  whether  thou  wilt  or  no,  it  must  he  indurcd :  make  a 
vertue  of  necessity,  and  conform  thyself  to  undergo  it. 

"^Si  longa  est,  levis  est :  si  gravis  est,  brevis  est: 

if  it  be  long,  'tis  light;  if  grievous,  it  cannot  last ;  it  will  away; 
dies  dolorem  minuit,  and,  if  nought  else,  yet  time  will  wear  it 
out;  custome  will  ease  it :  '^obliviouis  a  common  medicine  for 
all  losses,  injuries,  griefes,  and  detriments  whatsoever;  ^and, 
2chen  theif  are  once  past,  this  commoditif  comes  of  injelicity,  it 
makes  the  rest  of  our  lij'e  sweeter  unto  us ;  '  atque  Iia?c  olim 
mecuinisse  juvabit :  the  privation  and  want  oj'  a  thing  many 
times  makes  it  more  pleasant  anddeiiyhtsome  then  bej'ore  it  teas. 
We  must  not  think,  the  happiest  of  us  all,  to  escape  here  with- 
out some  misfortunes, 

? Usque  adeo  nulla  est  sincera  voluptas, 

Sollcitumque  aliquid  leetis  intervenit. 

Heaven  and  earth  are  much  unlike:  ^ those  heavenly  bodies 
indeed  are  freely  carried  in  their  orhes  without  any  impedi- 
ment or  interruption,  to  continue  their  course  for  innumerable 
ayes,  andmake  their  conversions:  butmenare  urged  with  many 
difficu  I  ties,  o  n  d  ha  ve  divers  h  indrances,  oppositions,  st  ill  crossing, 
interrupting  their  endeavours  and  desires;  and  no  mor  tall  man 
is  free  from  this  law  of  nature.  We  must  not  therefore  hope 
to  have  all  things  answer  our  own  expectation,  to  have  aconti- 
nuance  of  good  success  and  fortunes:  Fortuna  nunquam  per- 
petuo  est  bona.  And,  as  Minutius  Felix  the  Roman  consul 
told  that  insulting  Coriolanus,  drunk  with  his  good  fortunes, 
look  not  for  that  success  thou  hast  hitherto  had  :  '  it  never  yet 
happened  to  any  man  since  the  beginning  of  the  tcorld,  nor 
ever  tcill,  to  have  all  things  according  to  his  desire j  or  to  whom 


»  Id  Tusc.  e  vetere  poeta  •>  Cardan,  lib.  1.  de  consol.     Est  consolationis 

genas  non  leve,  quod  a  necessitate  fit,  sive  feras,  sive  non  feras.  ferendum  est  tamen. 
<:.Seneca.  ^  Omni  dolori  ttmpus  est  medicina  ;  ipsnra  lactam  exstin^it :  in- 

jurias  delft;  omnis  mali  oblivionem  adfert.  «  Habet  hoc  qao^ae  commodara 

omnis  jnfelicitas  ;  sua^Horem  vitam,  cum  abierit,  relinqnit  'Virff.  F  Ovid. 

h  Lorchao.  Soiit  uamqiie  infera  superis,  bumana  terrenis.  lon^e  di.sparia.  Etenim 
beatic  mentes  feruntur  libere,  et  sine  ullo  iinpedimento  :  stellap,  athereiqae  orhes, 
elursus  et  conversiones  suas  jam  sacalis  innumerabilibns  constantissime  conficinnt : 
verum  homines  magnis  an^stiis.  Neque  hac  natarae  lege  est  qiiisqnara  mortaliam 
solutas.  •■Uiooysius  Halicar.  lib.  8.     Non  enim  unquam  contig^t,  nee  po&t 

hninines  natos  invenies  quemqnam,  cui  omnia  ex  animi  sententia  successfrint,  ita  ut 
nulla  in  re  fortune  sit  ei  ad\ers;ita. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]     Remedies  against  Discontents.  5 

fortu7ie  was  never  opposite  and  adverse.  Even  so  it  fell  out  to 
him  as  be  foretold  ;  and  so  to  others,  even  to  that  happiness 
of  Augustus:  though  he  were  Jupiters  almoner,  Plutos  trea- 
surer, Neptunes  admiral,  it  could  not  secure  him.  Such  was 
Alcibiades  fortune,  Narsetes,  that  great  Gonsalvus,  and  most 
famous  mens,  that,  as  ^  Jovius  concludes,  it  is  almost  fatall 
to  great  princes,  through  their  own  default  or  othertcise  circum- 
vented with  envy  and  malice,  to  lose  their  honours,  and  die  con- 
tumeliously.     "fis  so,  still  hath  been,  and  ever  will  be  : 

nihil  est  ab  omni 

Parte  beatum : 
There's  no  perfection  is  so  absolute, 
That  some  impurity  doth  not  pollute. 

Whatsoever  is  under  the  moon  is  subject  to  corruption,  altera- 
tion ;  and  so  long  as  thou  livest  upon  earth,  look  not  for  other. 
^Thou  shalt  not  here  fnde  peaceable  and  cheerfuU  dayes^ 
quiet  times,  but  rather  cloudes,  stormes,  calumnies:  such  is  our 
J'ate.  And,  as  those  errant  planets,  in  their  distinct  orbes, 
have  their  severall  motions,  sometimes  direct,  stationary,  re- 
.  trograde,  in  apogeo,  perigeo^  orientall,  occidentall,  combust, 
ferall,  free,  and,  as  our  astrologers  will,  have  their  fortitudes 
and  debilities,  by  reason  of  those  good  and  bad  irradiations, 
conferred  to  each  others  site  in  the  heavens,  in  their  terms, 
houses,  case,  detriments,  &c.  so  Ave  rise  and  fall  in  this  world, 
ebbe  and  flow,  in  and  out, reared  and  dejected,  lead  a  trouble- 
some life,  subject  to  many  accidents  and  casualties  of  fortunes, 
variety  of  passions,  infirmities,  as  well  from  our  selves  as 
others. 

Yea,  but  thou  thinkest  thou  art  more  miserable  then  the 
rest ;  other  men  are  happy  in  respect  of  thee ;  their  miseries 
are  but  flea-bitings  to  thine ;  thou  alone  art  unhappy  ;  none 
so  bad  as  thy  self.  Yet  if,  as  Socrates  said,  «=  all  the  men  in 
the  world  should  come  and  bring  their  grievances  together,  of 
body,  minde,  fortune,  sores,  ulcers,  madness,  epilepsies,  agues , 
and  all  those  common  calamities  of  beggery,  want,  servitude, 
imprisonment,  and  lay  them  on  a  heap  to  be  equally  divided, 
wouldst  thou  share  alike,  and  take  thy  portion,  or  be  as  thou 
art  ?  Without  question,  thou  tvouldstbe  as  thou  art.  If  some 
Jupiter  should  say,  to  give  us  all  content, 

^  Jam  faciam  quod  vultis;  eris  tu,  qui  modo  miles, 
Mercator;  tu,  consultus  modo,  rusticus  :  hinc  vos, 

» Vit.  Gonsalvi,  lib.  ult  Ut  ducibus  fatale  sit  clarissimis,  aut  culpa  sua  aut  secus, 
circumveniri  malitia  et  invidia,  imminutaque  dignitate  per  contumeliam  mori.  h  Id 

♦"rris  purum  ilium  ^therein  non  invenies,  et  ventos  serenos;  nimbos  potius,  procellas, 
calutnpias.  Lips,  cent,  misc.  ep.  8,  r  Si  omnes  homines  sua  mala  suasque 

cnras  inunum  cumulum  conferrent,  apquis  divisuri  portionibus,  &c.  ''Hor.  ser. 

Jib.  1. 


r»  CnrrofMeUuiclwly.  [Part.  2.  Ib'ec.  3. 

Vos  liiiic,  mutatis  disccdilc  parlibii*.      Eia  ! 
Quid  slatis?  Nolinl. 

Well,  be't  so  then  :  you,  iniisler  souldicr, 

Shall  be  a  merchant ;  y<>ii,  sir  lawyer, 

A  country  c:fiit.leniati ;  go  you  to  this, 

That  side  you;  why  stand  ye?    It's  well  as  'lis. 

*  Ever  if  man  knowes  his  oxen,  hut  not  others  defects  and  mise- 
ries;  and  'tis  the  nature  of  uH  men  still  to  re'/lcct  upon  them' 
selves,  their  own  misfortunes^  not  to  examine  or  consider  other 
mens,  not  to  confer  themselves  with  others  ;  to  recount  their 
miseries,  bnt  not  their  good  gifts,  fortunes,  benefits,  which 
they  have  ;  to  riinjinate  on  their  adversity,  but  not  once  to 
think  on  their  prosperity,  not  what  they  have,  but  what  they 
want;  to  look  still  on  them  that  go  before,  but  not  on  those 
infinite  ntnnbcrs  tliat  come  after;  ^icherras  manif  a  man  would 
think  himself  in  heaven,  a  pott  u  prince,  if  he  had  but  the  least 
part  of  that  fortune,  which  thou  so  much  repinest  at,  abhorrest, 
and  accovntest  a  must  vile  and  tr retched  estate.  ITow  many 
thousands  Avant  that  which  thou  hast  I  how  many  myriades 
of  poor  slaves,  captives,  of  such  as  Avork  day  and  night  in 
coJe-pits,  tin  n»ines,  v.  ith  sore  toil  to  n<aintain  a  poor  iivin<r 
ofsuch  as  labour  in  body  andminde,  live  in  extreme  ang-uisl^' 
and  pain,  all  which  thou  art  free  from  ! 

O  fortunatos  niniium,  bona  si  sua  norint ! 
Thou  art  most  happy  if  thou  couldst  be  content,  and  acknow- 
ledge thy  happiness.  Rem  carendo,  nonfruendo,  cognoscimus  : 
when  thou  shalt  hereafter  come  to  want  that  which  thou  now 
loatliest,  abhorrest,  and  art  weary  of,  and  tired  with,  when  'tis 
past,  thou  wilt  say  thou  w  ert  most  happy ;  and,  after  a  little 
misse,  wish  w  iih  all  thine  heart,  thou  hadst  the  same  content 
again,  might'st  lead  but  such  a  life  :  a  world  for  such  a  life  • 
the  remembrance  of  it  is  pleasant.  Be  silent  then ;  "^  rest  satisi 
bed  ;  desine,  intuenst/ue  in  aliorum  infoi'tunia, solare  mentem  • 
comfort  thy  self  with  other  mens  misfortunes ;  and,  as  the 
moldiwarpe  in  zEsop  told  the  fox,  complaining-  for  want  of  a 
tail,  and  the  rest  olhis  companions,  taccte,  quando  me  oculis 
e.aptum  videtis  ;  you  complaine  of  toies  ;  but  I  am  blinde  ;  be 
((uiet;  I  say  to  thee,  be  thou  satisfied.  It  is  ''recorded  of 
I  he  hares,  that  with  a  generall  consent  they  went  to  drown 
themselves,  out  of  a  feeling  of  their  misery  :  but,  when  they 

'QuodiiDiisqiiisqne  propria  main  uovit,aIiorurones(  iat,  incaiissA  est,  iit  se  infer  aJios 
iniseruui  putet.  Cardan.  Iih.  3.  de  consol.  Plutarch,  dp  con.iol.  ad  Apollonium 
'  Qnam  mnltos  putas  qui  ac  rorlo  proximos  pntarenl.  totidem  regnlos,  side  fortnnjptnai 
r^ljqiiiis  pais  lis  minima  continent.     Bntfh   de  consul  lib.  2.  pros.  4.  '"Hesiod 

Lwlorjiiod  <:,  ;  quod  8unt  alii,  siur  qm-mlibtt  psv-.      Qucd  Don  .(*,  nolis ;  quod  nofpl 
»38f,  velit.  <•  .^99pi  f;ib.  '       * 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1,]     Remedies  against  Discontents,  7 

saw  a  company  of  frogs  more  fearfull  then  they  were,  they  be- 
gan to  take  courage  and  comfort  again.  Confer  thine  estate 
with  others. 

similes  aliorum  respice  casus; 


Mitius  ista  feres. 

Be  content,  and  rest  satisfied ;  for  thou  art  well  in  respect  of 
others ;  be  thankful  for  that  thou  hast,  that  God  hath  done 
for  thee ;  he  hath  not  made  thee  a  monster,  a  beast,  a  base 
creature  as  he  might,  but  a  man,  a  Christian,  such  a  man ; 
consider  aright  of  it,  thou  art  full  well  as  thou  art.  ^  Qiiid- 
(juid  vnlt,  habere  nemo  potest :  no  man  can  have  vvhat  he  will : 
illud  potest  nolle,  quodnon  habet ;  he  may  chuse  Avhether  he 
will  desire  that  which  he  hath  not.  Thy  lot  is  falne  :  make 
the  best  of  it.  ^  If  ice  should  ail  sleep  at  all  times,  (as  En- 
dymion  is  said  to  have  done)  ivho  then  ivere  happier  then  his 
fellow?  Our  life  is  but  short,  a  very  dream  ;  and,  while  we 
look  about,  "  immortalitas  adest,  eternity  is  at  hand.  '^  Our 
life  is  a  pilgrimaf/e  on  earth,  which  wise  men  passe  icith  great 
alacrity.  If  thou  be  in  woe,  sorrow,  want,  distresse,  in  pain, 
or  sicknesse,  think  of  that  of  our  apostle;  Godchastiseththem 
tchom  he  loveth.  They  that  sowe  in  tears,  shall  reap  in  joy ^ 
Psal.  126.  6.  As  thefornaceproveth  the  potters  vessell,sodoth 
temptation  trie  mens  thoughts,  Eccl.  25.5.  'Tis  for  *  thy  good  : 
periisses,  tiisi  periisses  :  hadst  thou  not  been  so  visited,  thou 
hadst  been  utterly  undone.  As  gold  in  the  fire,  so  men  are 
tried  in  adversity.  Tribulatio  ditat :  and^  which  Camerarius 
hath  well  shadowed  in  an  embleme  of  a  thresher  and  corn, 
Si  tritura  absit,  paleis  sunt  abdita  grana  : 

Nos  ciux  mundanis  separat  a  paleis. 
As  threshing  separates  from  straw  the  corn. 
By  crosses  from  the  worlds  chafFe  are  we  born. 

'Tis  the  very  same  which  ^  Chrysostome  comments,  horn.  2. 
in  3.  Mat.  Corn  is  not  separated  but  by  threshing,  nor  men 
from  ■uiorldly  impediments  but  by  tribulation.  'Tis  that  which 
e  Cyprian  ingeminates,  Ser.  4.  de  immort.  'Tis  that  which 
'^  Hierom,  which  all  the  fathers  inculcate  ;  so  we  are  cate- 
chised for  eternity.  'Tis  that  which  the  proverb  insinuates, 
Nocumentum  documentum;  'tis  that  which  all  the  world  rings 
into  our  ears.  Deus  unicum  habet  flium  sine  peccato,  nul- 
lum sine  facfello:  God,    saith  'Austin,  hath  one  son  with- 

»  Seneca.  ^  Sidormirent  semper  omnes,  nnllus  alio  felicior  esset.      Card. 

""  Seneca,  de  ira.  ^  Plato,  Axiocho.     An  ignoras  vitam  hancperegrinatioDem, 

&c-  qnam  sapientes  cnm  gandio  percurrnnt  ?  •■  Sic  expedit.    Medicus  non 

dat  qaod  patiens  volt,  sed  qiiod  ipse  boDiitD  scif.  f  FriimeDtuni  noD  egreditar 

nisi  tritoratam,  &r.  gNon  pst  poena  daYnnanhs,  sed  flagpliiim  corrjgectis. 

'Ad  ha  rf-difa'em  EKternam  sic  enidimur.  'Confess.  6. 


Cure  of  Melancholy.  [I'art.  2.  Sec.  8. 

out  Kin,  none  williout  correction,  -"^n  expert  sen-man  is  tried 
in  a  tem[)<!<t,  a  runner  inn  rnce,a  captain  in  ahattle,  a  valiant 
man  in  adrersitij,  a  Christian  in  tentation  and  miserif.  (Basil. 
honi.  8.)  We  are  sent  as  so  many  souldiers  into  this  world, 
to  strive  with  it,  the  flesh,  the  dovil ;  our  lite  is  a  Marfare  ; 
and  who  knows  it  not  ? 

^  Non  est  ad  astra  mollis  e  terris  via. 

•^  and  therejore  per  adventure  this  worldhereis  made  troublesome 
unto  US,  that,  as  Gregory  notes,  we  should  not  be  delighted  hif 
the  way,  andjbryet  whither  we  are  yohuj. 

''  Ite  nunc  fortes,  ubi  celsa  magni 
Ducit  exempli  via  :  cur  inertes 
Terga  nudatis  ?  superata  tellus 
Sidera  donat. 

Co  on  then  merrily  to  heaven.  If  the  way  be  troublesome, 
and  you  in  njisery,  in  many  grievances,  on  the  other  side  you 
liave  many  pleasant  sports,  objects,  sweet  smels,  delightsome 
tastes,  musick,  meats,  herbs,  flowers,  &c.  to  recreate  your 
senses.  Or  put  case  thou  art  now  forsaken  of  the  world,  de- 
jected, contemned;  yet  comfort  thyself,  as  it  was  said  to 
Agar  in  the  wildernesse,  "  God  sees  thee:  he  takes  notice  of' 
thee:  there  is  a  God  above  that  can  vindicate  thy  cause,  that 
can  relieve  thee.  And  surely,  "^Seneca  thinks,  be  takes  delight 
in  seeing  thee.  The  f)ods  are  tvell  pleased  tchen  they  see 
f/reat  men  contendiny  with  adversity,  as  we  are  to  see  men  fight, 
or  a  man  with  a  beast.  But  these  are  toyes  in  respect :  ^be- 
hold, saith  he,  a  spectacle  worthy  of  God  ;  a  yood  man  con~ 
teuted  trith  hisestnie.  A  tyrant  is  the  best  sacrifice  to  Jupiter, 
as  the  ancients  held,  and  his  best  object  a  contented  minde. 
For  thy  part  then,  rest  satisfied  ;  cast  all  thy  care  on  him,  thy 
burden  on  him;  rely  on  hint  ;  ^trnst  in  him;  and  he  shall 
nourisli  thee,  care  for  thee,  give  thee  thine  hearts  desire :  say 
with  David,  G'orf  is  our  hope  atid  strength,  in  troubles  ready  to 
be  found  (Psal.  4f).  1.)  :  for  they  that  trust  in  the  Lord  shall 
be  as  mount  Sion,  which  cannot  be  removed  (Psal.  124.  I,  2) : 
as  the  monntnins  are  about  Jerusalem,  so  is  the  Lord  about  his 
people,from  henceforth  and  for  ever. 


='NaiicIeru<n  tempeslas,  atliletam  stadium,  duccra  pugna,   magnanimnin  calaniitas, 
ChriMtianiim  verotentatio  probat  et  examinat.  ''Sen.   Here.  fur. 

'  Ideo  Dens  asperum  fecit  iter,  ne,  dum  delectantur  in  via,  oMiviscantur  ooruin  <)ii?r 
emit  in  patria.  •'  Boelhiu.s,  I.  5.  met.  ult.  ••  Bortli.  pro.  nit    Manrt 

Kpp,rta(or  cnnrtoriim  desviper  pricscius  Dens,  bonis  pr.T;uiia.  nialis  .su|>plicia,  dispen.sanR. 
f  Lib.  de  provid.  Vuluptateni  rapiniit  I)ii,  uiqnando  niH8;no8  vires  colluctante.s  rnni  ra- 
lainitate  videiit.  R  hrce  isperfariduin  Deo  dignum,  vir  foiiis  mala  fortuna 

f  unip'j.sii.is.  ii  1  Pet.  5.  7.     Pual.  55  22. 


Mem.  2.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  9 

MEMB.  II. 

Deformity  of  body,  sicknesse^  basenesse  of  birthy  peculiar 
Discontents. 

Particular  discontents  and  g^nevances  are  either  of 
body,  minde,  or  fortune,  which,  as  they  wound  the  soul  of 
man,  produce  this  melancholy,and  many  great  inconveniences, 
by  thatantidoteof goodcounsell  and  perswasion  maybe  eased 
or  expelled.  Deformities  and  imperfections  of  our  bodies,  as 
lameness,  crookednesse,  deafnesse,  blindnesse,  be  they  innate 
or  accidentall, torture  many  men:  yet  this  may  comfort  them, 
that  those  imperfections  of  the  body  do  not  a  whit  blemish  the 
soul,  or  hinder  the  operations  of  it,  but  rather  help  and  much 
increase  it.  Thou  art  lame  of  body,  deformed  to  the  eye ;  yet 
this  hinders  not  but  that  thou  maist  be  a  good,  a  wise,  upright, 
honest  man.  ^Seldome,  saith  Plutarch,  honesty  and  beauty 
dwell  together  ;  and  oftentimes,  under  a  thread-bare  coat,  lies 
an  excellent  understanding: 

Ssepe  sub  attrita  latitat  sapientia  veste. 
^  Cornelius  Messus,  that  famous  preacher  in  Italy,  when  he 
came  first  into  the  pulpit  in  Venice,  was  so  much  contemned  by 
reason  of  his  outside,  a  little,  lean, poore,  dejected  person,  <^^  they 
were  all  ready  to  leave  the  church;  but,  when  they  heard  his 
voice,  they  did  admire  him;  and  happy  was  that  senator  could 
injoy  his  company,  or  invite  him  first  to  his  house.  A  silly 
fellow  to  look  to,  may  have  more  wit,  learning,  honesty,  then 
he  that  struts  it  out,  ampullis  jactans,  Sfc.  grandia  gradiens, 
and  is  admired  in  the  worlds  opinion. 

Vilis  ssepe  cadus  nobile  nectar  habet : 

the  best  wine  comes  out  of  an  old  vessell.  How  many  deformed 
princes,  kings,  emperours,  could  I  reckon  up,  philosophers, 
orators?  Hannibal  had  one  eye,  Appius  Claudus,  Timoleon, 
blinde,  Muleasses  king  of  Tunis,  John  king  of  Bohemia, 
and  Tiresias  the  prophet.  ^  The  night  hath  his  pleasure ; 
and,  for  the  losse  of  that  one  sense,  such  men  are  commonly 
recompensed  in  the  rest:  they  have  excellent  memories,  other 
good  parts,  musick,  and  many  recreations;  much  happines, 
great  wisdom,  as  Tully  well  discourseth  in  his  *TuscuIan 
Questions,  Homer  was  blind;  yet  who  (saith  he) made  more 
accurate,lively,or  better  descriptions,  with  both  his  eyes?  De- 
mocritus  was  blinde  ;  yet,  as  Laertius  writes  of  him,  he  saw 

»  Raro  sub  eodem  lare  honestas  et  forma  habitant.  •>  Josephns  Mnssus,  vita 

ejus.  "^  Homancio  hrevis,  macilentiis,  umbra  honiinis,  &c.     Ad  stuporem  ejus 

pruflitionem  et  plwj'ipntiam  admirati  sunt.  ^  Nox  habet  suas  voluptates. 

«  Lib.  5.  ad  finem.     Cieciis  potest  esse  sapiens  et  beatus,  &c. 


10  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

more  tlian  all  Greece  besides;  as  ''Plato  concludes,  turn  sane 
mentis  ocnlus  acute  incipit  cernere,  quinn  primum  corporis 
oculus  deflorcscit ;  when  our  bodily  eyes  are  at  worst,  generally 
the  eves  of  our  soul  see  best.  Some  philosophers  and  divines 
haveevirated  themselves,  and  put  out  their  eyes  voluntarily,  the 
better  to  contemplate.  Angelus  Politianus  had  a  tetter  in  his 
nose  continually  running,  fulsome  in  company;  yet  no  man  so 
eloquent  and  pleasing  in  his  works.  ^Esope  was  crooked,  So- 
crates pur-blinde,  long-leoged,  hairy ;  Democritus  withered, 
Seneca  lean  and  harsh,  ugly  to  behold;  yet  shew  me  so  many 
flourishing  wits,  sucli  divine  spirits:  Horace,  a  little  blear- 
eyed  contemptible  fellow  ;  yet  who  so  sententious  and  wise? 
Marcilius  Ficiuus,  Falser  Stapulensis,  a  couple  of  dwarfes; 
''Melancthon  a  short,  hard-favoured  man  :  parvus  erat,  sed 
marpius  erat,  ^-c.  yet  of  incomparable  parts  all  three.  "^  Igna- 
tius Loiola,  the  founder  of  the  Jesuits,  by  reason  of  an  hurt  he 
received  in  his  leg  at  the  siege  of  Pampelona  the  chief  town 
of  Navarre  in  Spaine,  unfit  for  wars,  and  lesse  serviceable  at 
<  ourt,  upon  that  accident  betook  himself  to  his  beads,  and  by 
those  means  oot  more  honour  than  ever  he  should  have  done 
with  the  use  of  his  limbs,  and  properness  of  person.  '^Vulnus  non 
pcnetrat  animam :  a  wound  hurts  not  the  soul.  Galba  the  em- 
perourwascrook-backed,Epictetus  lame;  that  great  Alexander 
a  little  man  of  stature;  ^Augustus  Caesar  of  the  same  pitch  ; 
Ao-esilaiis  despicahili forma ;  Boccharis  a  most  deformed  prince 
as  ever  Egypt  had,  'yet  (as  DiodorusSiculus  records  of  him)  in 
v>'isdome  and  knowledge  far  beyond  his  predecessours.  j], 
Dom.  1306,  sUladeslaus  Cubitalis,  that  pigmy  king  of  Poland, 
reigned  and  fought  more  victorious  battels,  than  any  of  his 
long-shanked  predecessours.  .A '?///«»{  virtus respuitstaturam : 
vertue  refuseth  no  statme  ;  and  commonly  your  great  vast 
bodies,  and  fine  features,  are  sottish,  dull,  and  leaden  spirits. 
What's  in  them? 

•"  Quid  nisi  pondus  iners,  stoUdaeque  ferocia  mentis  ? 
what  in  Otus  and  Ephialtcs  (Neptunes  sons  in  Homer)  nine 
akers  long.^ 

i  Qui,  ut  magnus  Orion, 

Cuna  pedes  incedit,  medii  per  maxima  Nerei 
Stagna  viam  findens,  humero  supereminet  uiidas  : 
what  in  Maximinus,  Ajax,  Caligula,  and  the  rest  of  those 

»  In  Convivio,  lib.  25.  *>  Joachimas  Camerarius,  vit  fjus.  '  Riber.  vit. 

«ja8.  d  JVlacrobius.  *  Siieton.  c.  7.  ?.  'l>ib.  I.  Corpor* 

«xili  ft  despecto,  sed  ingenio  e(  pmdentiii  longp  ante  8C  reges  ca>teros  prdpyeniens. 
f  Alexander  Gagaintis,  hist.  Polandiap.  Cor[<orc  panus  eram.  ciibito  vix  altior  odo  : 
Sed  tamen  in  parvo  corporc  magnus  eraui.  'Ovid.  '  "irg. 

yEn.  JO. 


Mem.  2.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  11 

gjreat  Zauzuuiiiiius,  or  giganticall  Anakiros,  heavie,  vyt&t,  bar- 
barous lubbers? 

si  membra  tibi  dant  grandia  Paicai, 

Mentis  eges. 

Their  body  (saith '^Lemnius)  is  a  burden  to  them,  and  their 
spirits  not' so  livehjy  nor  they  so  erect  and  merry  : 

Non  est  in  magno  corpore  mica  salis. 

A  little  diamond  is  more  worth  than  a  rocky  mountauK  which 
made  Alexander  Aphrodisiaeus  positively  conclude,  «Ae  hsser, 
the  ^'loiser,  because  the  soul  was  much  contracted  in  such  a 
body.  Let  Bodine  (in  his  5.  c.  method,  hist.)  plead  the  rest: 
the  lesser  they  are,  as  in  Asia,  Greece,  they  have  generally 
the  finest  wits.  And  for  bodily  stature,  which  some  so  much 
admire,  and  goodly  preseuce,'tis  true,  to  say  the  best  of  them, 

great  men  are  proper  and  tall,  I  grant caput  inter  nubila 

condunt ;  but  belli  pusilli,  little  men  are  pretty  : 

Sed  si  bellus  homo  est  Cotta,  pusilkis  homo  est. 

Sickness,  diseases,  trouble  many,  but  without  a  cause. 
'  It  may  be  'tis  for  the  good  of  their  souls:  pars  fatif nit :  the 
flesh  rebels  against  the  spirit ;  tliat  which  hurts  the  one,  must 
needs  help  the  other.  Sicknesse  is  tiie  mother  of  modesty, 
putteth  us  in  minde  of  our  mortality ;  and,  when  we  are  in  the 
full  career  ofworldly  pomp  and  jollity,  she  pulleth  us  up  by  the 
ear,  and  maketh  us  know  ourselves.  '*  Pliny  calls  it  the  sum  of 
philosophy,  i/"it-e  could  but  perform  that  in  our  health,  tchich 
we  promise  in  our  sicknesse.  Quum  injirmi  sumus,  optimi 
sumus;  for  what  sick  man  (as  ^Secundus  expostulates  with 
Rufus)  was  ever  lascivious,  covetous,  or  ambitious  ?  he  envies 
no  man,  admires  no  man,  fatters  no  man,  despiseth  no 
man,  listens  not  after  lyes  and  tales,  ^c.  And,  were  it  not 
for  such  gentle  remembrances,  men  would  have  no  moderation 
of  themselves;  they  would  be  worse  then  tigers,  wolves,  and 
lions :  who  should  keep  them  in  awe ?  Princes,  masters,pareHts, 
magistrates,  judges,  friends,  enemies,  fair  or  foul  meanes 
cannot  contain  us  ;  but  a  little  sicknes  (as  '^Chrysostome  ob- 
serves) will  correct  and  amend  us.     And  therefore,  with  good 


a  Lib.  2.  cap.  30.  Oueri  est  illis  corporis  aooles,  et  spiritns  minus  vividi.  h  Cor- 

pQre  breves  pnwlentiores,  quum  coarctata  sit  anima.     Tngenio  pellet,  cui  vim  natura 
oegavjt.  cjVIalfis  ad  salufeni  animfe  profuit  corporis  aegritudo. 

Patriarch.  '^  Lib.  7.  Summa  est  totiiis  philosophiae,  si  tales,  &c.  «■  PHnius 

epist.  7.   lib.     Quera   iofirmum  libido  solicitat,  ant  avaritia,  aut   honores  ?   oemiiii 
iftvidet,  neminem  mirafur.  neminem  despicit,  sermone  maligno  non  alitur.  "^  Non 

tenret  princpps,  magistT.-  parenf.  judex  ;  at  fPfcTJtudo  supervpoiens  omnia  corresit. 


12  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

discretion,  » Jovianus  Pontanus  caused  this  short  sentence  to 
be  engraven  on  his  tombe  in  Naples :  Labour^  sorrow,  grief] 
sicknesse^  want  and  woe,  to  serve  proud  7nasters,  bear  that  su- 
perstitious yoke,  and  bury  your  dearest  J'riendt,  Sfc.  are  the 
saivcesofour  life.  If  thy  disease  be  continuate  and  painfull 
to  thee,  it  will  not  surely  last :  and  a  light  affliction,  which  is 
hut  for  a  moment,  causeth  unto  us  a  far  more  excellent  and 
eternall  weight  of  glory  (2  Cor.  4. 1 7.) :  bear  it  with  patience : 
women  endure  much  sorrow  in  childbed,  and  yet  they  will  not 
contain ;  and  those  that  are  barren,  wish  for  this  pain  :  be 
couragious :  ^  there  is  as  much  valour  to  be  shewed  in  thy  bedj 
as  in  an  army  or  at  a  sea-fight :  aut  vincetur,  aut  vincet ; 
thou  shalt  be  rid  at  last.  In  the  mean  time,  let  it  take  his 
course;  thy  minde  is  not  any  way  disabled.  BilibaldusPirki- 
merus  senator  to  Charles  the  fifth,  ruled  all  Germany,  lying- 
most  part  of  his  days  sick  of  the  gout  upon  his  bed.  The 
more  violent  thy  torture  is,  the  lesse  it  will  continue :  and, 
though  it  be  severe  and  hideous  for  the  time,  comfort  thy  self,  as 
martyrs  do,  with  honour  and  immortality.  *^  That  famous 
philosopher  Epicurus,  being  in  as  miserable  paine  of  stone 
and  collick,  as  a  man  might  endure,  solaced  himself  with  a 
conceit  of  immortality;  the  joy  of  his  soul  for  his  rare  in- 
ventions repelled  the  pain  of  his  bodily  torments. 

Basenesse  of  birth  is  a  great  disparagement  to  some  men, 
especially  if  they  be  wealthy,  bear  office,  and  come  to  promo- 
tion in  a  common-wealth  :  then,  (as  '^he  obsei*ves)  if  their  birth 
be  not  answerable  to  their  calling,  and  to  their  fellowes,  they 
are  much  abashed  and  ashamed  of  themselves.  Some  scorn 
their  own  father  and  mother,  deny  brothers  and  sisters,  with 
the  rest  of  their  kindred  and  friends,  and  will  not  suffer  them 
to  come  near  them,  when  they  are  in  their  pomp,  accounting 
it  a  scandal  to  their  greatness,  to  have  such  beggarly  beginnings. 
Simon,  in  Lucian,  having  now  got  a  little  wealth,  changed  his 
name  from  Simon  to  Simonides,  for  that  there  were  so  many 
beggars  of  his  kin,  and  set  the  house  on  fire  where  he  was  born, 
because  nobody  should  point  at  it.  Others  buy  titles,  coats  of 
armes,  and  by  all  means  screw  themselves  intoancientfamilies, 
falsifying  pedegrees,  usurpin^^scutchions,  and  all  because  they 
would  not  seem  to  be  base.    The  reason  is,  for  that  this  genti- 


>  Nat  Chytrsens,  Europ.  deliciis.  Labor,  dolor,  segritudo,  luctas,  servure  snperbU 
dominis,  jogam  ferre  Buperstitionis,  qnos  habet  caro8  sepelire,  &c.  condimenta  vitas 
sunt.  ^  Non  tarn  inari  cjnam  |)rrelio  virtus,  etiam  lecto  exhibetur : 

i-incetnr  aut  vincet ;  ant  tu  febrein  relinques,  aut  ipsa  te.     Seneca.  *  Tullius, 

lib.  7.  fam.  ep.  Vesicfc  morbo  labomns,  et  urina;  mittendae  difficultate  tantn,  ut  vix 
incrFmeDtum  caperet ;  rppellebat  ha?c  omnia  animi  gaudiuni  ob  ineiDoriam  invf  n- 
torum.  <)  Boeth.  lib.  2.  pr.  4.     Huic  census  exsuperat,  sed  est  pudori  degeoer 

sanguis. 


Mem.  2.]  Remedies  agahut  Discontents^  \3 

lity  is  so  much  admired  by  a  company  of  outsides,  and  such 
honour  attributed  unto  it,  as  amongst ''Germans,  Frenchmen,, 
and  Venetians,  the  gentry  scorn  the  commonalty,  and  will 
not  suffer  them  to  match  with  them  ;  they  depresse,  and  make 
them  as  so  many  asses,  to  carry  burdens.  In  our  ordinary  talk 
and  fallings  out,  the  most  opprobrious  and  scurrile  name  we 
can  fasten  upon  a  man,  or  first  give,  is  to  call  him  base  rogue, 
beggarly  rascall,  and  the  like  :  whereas,  in  my  judgement,  this 
ought,  of  all  other  grievances,  to  trouble  men  least.  Of  all  va- 
nities and  fopperies,  to  brag  of  gentility  is  the  greatest ;  for 
what  is  it  they  crack  so  much  of,  and  challenge  such  superiority, 
as  if  they  were  demi-gods  ?    Birth  ? 

Tantane  vos  generis  tenuit  fiducia  vestri  ? 

It  is  non  ens,  a  meer  flash,  a  ceremony,  a  toy,  a  thing-  of 
nought.  Consider  the  beginning,  present  estate,  progresse, 
ending  of  gentry;  and  then  tell  me  what  it  is.  ''  Oppression, 
fraud,  cosening,  usury,  knavery,  haudery,  murther  andtyranny, 
are  the  beginning  of  winy  ancient  families.  "^One  hath  been 
a  hloud-sucker,  a  parricide,  the  death  of  many  a  silly  soul  in 
some  unjust  quarrels,  seditions,  made  many  an  orphan  and 
poor  widou- ;  andfor  that  he  is  made  a  lord  or  an  earl,  and  his 
posterity  gentlemen  for  ever  after.  Another  hath  been  a  hated, 
a  pander  to  some  great  men,  a  parasite,  a  slave,  '^prostituted 
himself,  his  u'ife,  daughter,  to  some  lascivious  prince ;  and  for 
that  he  is  exalted.  Tiberius  preferred  many  to  honours  in  his 
time,  because  they  were  famous  whore-masters  and  sturdy 
drinkers ;  many  come  into  this  parchment  row  (so  *  one  cats 
it)  by  flattery  or  cosening.  Search  your  old  families,  and  you 
shall  scarce  find,  of  a  multitude,  (as  iEneas  Sylvius  observes) 
qui  sceleratum  non  habent  ortum,  that  have  not  a  wicked  be- 
ginning ;  aut  qui  vi  et  dolo  eofastigii  non  ascendunt  (as  that 
plebeian  in  ^  Machiavel,  in  a  set  oration,  proved  to  his  fellows) 
that  do  not  rise  by  knavery,  force,  foolery,  villany,  or  such  in- 
direct means.  They  are  commonly  noble  that  are  wealthy  ; 
vertue  and  riches  seldome  settle  in  one  man  :  who  then  sees  not 
the  base  beginning  of  nobility  ?  spoiles  enrich  one,  usury  an- 


»  Gasper  Ens.  polit.  thes.  h  Alii  pro  pecunia  emnnt  nobilitatem,  alii 

illam  lenocinio,  alii  veneficiis,  alii  parricidiis  ;  mnltis  proditio  nobilitatem  conciliat ; 
pleriqne  adulatione,  detractione,  calnnaniis,  &c.     Agrip-  de  vanit.  scien.  <=Ex 

homicidio  saepe  orta  nobilitas,  et  strenna  carnificina.  dpiures  ob  prosti- 

tutes filias,  nxores,  nobiles  facti  ;  mnltos  venationes,  rapinae,  caedes,  prsestisria,  &;c. 
eSat.  Menip.  f  Cum  enim  hos  dici  nobiles  videmus,  qui  div^tiis  abundant, 

divitise  vero  raro  virtutis  sunt  comites,  quis  non  videt  ortum  nobilitatis  desrenerem  "? 
hone  usurje  ditarunt,  ilium  spolia,  proditLones  ;  hie  veneficiis  ditatus,  ille  adulationibus  ; 
huic  adulteria  lucrum  praebent  nonnuUis  mendacia  ;  quidam  ex  conjnge  qujestum  fa- 
cinnt,  pleriqne  ex  natis,  Sic.     Florent.  hist.  lib.  3. 


14  i'liiv  of  Melmirliohj.  ( l^irt.  "2.  Sor.  2. 

o/A^r,  treason  a  tliird,  intrhcrafl  a  fourth^  ffaflcri/  a  fifth, 
ii/iiKfy  sfcaihtf/,  hmntuj  f'ahe  vitnr.i.i  a  s'u'f/i,  adulterij  thf 
seiH'nth,  (S-c.  One  makes  a  fool  of  himself  to  make  bis  lord 
merry;  another  dandles  my  younj::  master,  bestowes  a  little 
na<»-  on  him;  a  third  marries  a  crackt  piece,  &r.  Now,  may  it 
please  your  good  worship,  your  lordship,  who  was  the  first 
founder  of  your  family  ?  The  poet  answers, 

■»  Aut  pastor  fuit,  aat  illud  quod  dicere  nolo. 
Are  he  or  you  the  better  gentleman  ?  If  he,  then  we  have 
traced  him  to  his  form.  If  you,  what  is  it  of  which  thou  boast- 
est  so  much?  That  thou  art  his  son.  It  may  be,  his  heir,  his 
reputed  son,  and  yet  indeed  a  priest  or  a  serving  man  may  be 
the  true  father  of  him  ;  but  we  will  not  controvert  that  now; 
maiTied  women  arc  all  honest;  thou  art  his  sons  sons  son  be- 
gotten and  born  j///Va  (futtuor  maria,  \r.  Thy  great  great 
oreat  grandfather  was  a  rich  ciii/.en,  and  then  in  nil  likelihood 
a  usurer,  a  lawyer,  and  then  a....;  a  courtier,  and  then  a....;  a 
country  gentleman,  and  then  he  scraped  it  oat  of  sheep,  Sec. 
and  you  are  the  heir  of  all  his  vertiies,  fortunes,  titles;  so  then 
what  is  your  gentry,  Imt,  as  Ilierom  saith,  opes  anfiqiicPy  i/t- 
veteratcE  dhiticf,?incie\n  wealth?  that  is  the  definition  of  gen- 
tility. The  fatlier  goes  often  to  the  divel,  to  make  his  son  a 
gentleman.  For  the  present,  what  is  it  1  It  began  (saith 
^  Agripna)  tcith  strouf/  impieti/,  with  tjjranni/,  oppression,  cVr. 
ancTso  It  is  maintained  :  wealth  began  it  (no  matter  how  got); 
wealth  continueth  and  increaseth  it.  Those  Roman  knights 
were  so  called,  if  they  could  (\k\iend,perannfim,  so  much.  ^In 
the  kinjrdome  of  Naples  and  France,  he  that  buyes  such  lands, 
buyes  tfie  honour,  title,  barony  together  with  it;  and  they 
that  can  dispend  so  much  amongst  us,  must  be  called  to  bear 
office,  to  be  knights,  or  fine  for  it,  as  one  observes,  '  nobiliorem 
ex  censn  jtidirant ;  our  nobles  are  measured  by  their  means. 
And  what  now  is  the  object  of  honor?  AVhat  maintaines 
our  gentry,  but  wealth  ? 

*=  Nobilitas,  sine  re,  projecta  vilior  al^n  : 
without  means,  gentry  is  naught  worth;  nothing  so  contempt- 
ible and  base.  '  Disputare  de  nohilitate  f/eneris,  sine  divitiis, 
est  disputare  de  nohilitate  stercoris,  f^aithNevisanus  the  lawyer; 
to  dispute  of  gentry,  without  wealth,  is  (saving  your  reverence) 
to  discusse  the  originall  of  a  mard.  So  that  it  is  wealth  alone 
that  denominates,  money  which  maintaines  it,  gives  esse  Xo  it, 
for  which  every  man  may  have  it.     And  what  is  their  ordinary 

»Juven.  >>  Robasta  iinproLitas  a  tyrannide  iacepU,.  &f-.  '  Gasper 

Ens.  thesaiiro  polit.  •'  CJrenserus,  Itinerar.  fol.  'lii^,  •'  Hor.  f  Syl.  nnp. 

Ill)  4.  Diim    III. 


Mem.  S.]  Remedies  against  Diiinonienis.  15 

exercise  ?  "^  sit  to  eat,  drinJcy  lie  down  to  sleep,  rise  to  play  : 
wherein  lies  their  worth  aiitl  sufficiency  ?  in  a  few  coats  of 
amies,  eag-les,  lions,  serpents,  bears,  tygers,  dogs,  crosses, 
bends,  fesses,  &c.  and  such  like  babies,  which  they  commonly 
set  up  in  their  g'alleries,  porches,  windowes,  on  boles,  platters, 
coches,  in  tombs,  churches,  mens  sleeves,  &c.  ^  If  he  can 
hawk  andlumt^  ride  an  horse, play  at  cards  and  dice,  swayyer, 
drink,  swear,  take  tobacco  with  a  grace,  sing,  dance,  wear 
his  clothes  in  fashion,  court  and  please  his  mistris,  talk  big 
fustian,  "^  insult,  scorn,  strut,  contemn  others,  and  use  a  little 
mimical  and  apish  complement  above  the  rest,  he  is  a  com- 
pleat,  (Egreyriam  vera  landem)  a  well  qualified  gentleman  : 
these  are  most  of  their  imployments,  this  their  greatest  com- 
mendation. What  is  gentry,  this  parchment  nobility  then,  hut 
(as  '^  Agrippa  defines  it)  a  sanctvary  of  knavery  and  nanyhtl^ 
nes,  a  clokej'or  wickedness  and  execrable  trices,  of  pride,  J'raad, 
contempt,  hoastiny,  oppression,  dissimulation ^  lust,  yluttony, 
malice,  fornication,  adultery^  iynorance,  impiety  ?  A  noble- 
man therefore,  in  some  likelihood,  (as  he  concludes)  is  an 
atheist,  an  oppressor,  an  epicure,  a  ^  ynll,  a  disard,  an  illifernie 
idiot,  an  outside,  a  gloworm,  a  proud  fool,  an  arrant  asse, 
ventris  et  inyuinis  mancipium,  a  slave  to  his  lust  and  belly, 
solaque  lihi  dine  for  tis.  And, as  Salvianus  observed  of  his  coun- 
trymen the  Aquitanes  in  France,  sicut  titnlis  primifuere,  sic 
et  vitiis  ;  and  Cabinet  du  Roy,  their  own  writer  distinctly  of 
the  rest — the  nobles  of  Berry  are  most  part  leachers,  they  of 
Tourraine  ikeeves,  they  of  JVarhone  covetous,  they  of  Guyetine 
coyners,  they  of  Province  atheists,  they  of  Rhemes  superstitious, 
they  of  Lions  treacherous,  of  JVoi'mandy  proud,  of  Picardy 
insolent,  ^-c.  we  may  generally  conclude,  the  greater  meii, 
the  more  vicious.  In  fine,  as  .^^neas  Sylvius  addes,  ^  they  are 
most  part  miserable,  sottish,  and  filthy  fellows,  like  the  walls 
of  their  houses,  fair  icithout,  foul  tvithin.  What  ilost  thou 
vaunt  of  now?  ^What  dost  thou  gape  and  wonder  at  ?  admire 
him  for  his  brave  apparell,  horses,  dogs,  fine  houses,  manors, 
orchards,  gardens,  walks  ?  Why,  a  fool  may  he  possessor 
of  this  as  well  as  he ;  and  he  that  accounts  him  a   better 


=>  Exod.  3*2.  b  Omnium  nobilium  siifficientia  in  eo  probatur^  si  venatica 

noverint,  si  aleam,  si  corporis  vires  ingentibus  pocnlis  coramonstrent,  si  nahira;  robur 
numerosa  Venere  probent,  &c.  c  Difficile  est,  ut  uon  sit  superbus  dives. 

Austin,  ser.  24.   _  d>^obilitas  niliil  aliud  nisi  iraprobitas,  furor,  rapina, 

latrocininni,  kornicidium,  Inxns,  venatio,  violentia,  &c.  '^The  fool  took, 

away  ray  lord  in  the  mask  :  'twas  apposite.  f  De  miser,  curial.     Miseri  sunt, 

inepti  sunt,  turpes  sunt;  raulti,  ut  parietes  aedium  suarum,  speciosi.  S  Miraris 

aoreas  vestes,  eqaos,  canes,  ordinem  famulornm,  lautas  mensas,  asdes,  \illas,  praedia, 
piscinas,  sylvas,  &c.  haec  omnia  stultus  asscqui  potest.  Pandalus  nosier  lenociniono- 
bilitatus  est.     ^ueas  Sylvius. 


1 R  Cure  of  Mdancholy.         [Part.  2.  See.  ^. 

man,  a  nobleman  J'or  having  of  it,  ho  is  a  fool  himtelf. 
Now  o^o  and  brag-  of  thy  oentility.  This  is  if,  belike,  Mhich 
makes  the  ^Turkes  at  this  day  scorn  nobility,  and  all  those  huti- 
ing  bumbast  titles,  which  so  much  elevate  their  poles;  except 
it  be  such  as  have  got  it  at  first,  maintain  it  by  some  superemi- 
nent  quality,  or  excellent  worth.  And,  for  this  cause,  the  Ra- 
j^usian  commonwealth,  Switzers,  and  the  united  Provinces, 
in  all  their  aristocrasies,  or  democratical  monarchies,  (if  1 
may  so  call  them)  exclude  all  these  degrees  of  hereditary  ho- 
nours, and  will  adnnt  of  none  to  bear  ottice,  but  such  as  are 
learned,  like  those  Athenian  Areopagites,  Mise,  discreet,  and 
well  brought  up.  "^The  Chinenses  observe  the  same  customes; 
no  man  amongst  them  noble  by  birth  ;  out  of  their  philoso- 
phers and  doctors  they  choose  magistrates  ;  their  politick  no- 
bles are  taken  from  such  as  be  moraliter  nohiles^  vertuous  no- 
ble; nohilitas^  nt  olim,  ah  officio,  non  a  naturd,  as  in  Israel  of 
old;  and  their  office  was  to  defend  and  govern  their  country  in 
war  and  peace,  not  to  hawk,  hunt,  eat,  drink,  game  alone,  as 
too  many  do.  Their  Loysii,  Manderini,  lilcrati,  lieentiati, 
and  such  as  have  raised  themselves  by  their  worth,  are  their 
noblemen  only,  thought  fit  to  govern  a  state;  and  why  then 
should  any,  that  is  otherwise  of  worth,  be  ashamed  of  his  birth? 
why  should  not  he  be  as  much  respected  that  leaves  a  noble 
posterity,  as  he  that  hath  had  noble  ancestors  ?  nay,  why  not 
more?  for  plures  solem  oi'ientem,  we  adore  the  sun  rising  most 
part;  and  how  much  better  is  it  to  say,  Ef/o  meis  majoribus  vir- 
tuteprceluxi,  to  boast  himself  of  his  vertues,  than  of  his  birth  ? 
Cathesbeius,  sultan  of  iEgypt  and  Syria,  was  by  his  conditiona 
slave,  but,  for  worth,  valour,  and  manhood,  second  to  no  king-, 
and  for  that  cause  (as  sJovius  writes)  elected  emperour  of  the 
Mameluches  :  that  poor  Spanish  Pizarro, for  his  valour,  made 
by  Charles  the  fifth,  Marquess  of  Anatillo  :  the  Turkic  Bassas 
are  all  such.  Pertinax,  Philippus  Arabs,  Maximinus,  Probus, 
Aurelius,  &c.  from  common  souldiers,  became  emperours; 
Cato,  Cincinnatus,  &c.  consuls;  Pius  Secundus,  Sixtus  quin- 
tus,  Joban  secundus,  Nicholas  quintus,  &c.  poj)es,  Socrates, 
Virgil,  Horace,  Ubertino  patre  naUis.  ''The  kings  of  Den- 
mark fetch  their  pedigree,  as  some  say,  from  one  Ulfo,  that 
was  the  son  of  a  bear.  "  E  tenui  casd  scepc  vir  mugnus  exit  ; 
many  a  worthy  man  comes  out  of  a  poor  cottage.     Hercules, 


»  Rellonins,  obsen-.  lib.  2.  <>Mat.  Riccius,  lib.  1.  cap.  3.     Ad  regendam 

remp    soli  doctores  aut  lieentiati  ad.sciscuntiir,  &;c.  <■  Lib.  1.  hist,    Conditione 

servos,  catpnini  arer  bello,  et  animi  magnitiidine  maximorinn  reRum  nemini  secundus: 
ob  ha;c  a  Mamelucljis  in  regein  elcctiis.  ^Olaus  Ala^us,  lib.  IK.    Saxo 

Grarnmaticiis.     A  quo  rex  Sueuo  etca;tera  Dnnorura  regum  stemniatn.  '■  Seneca, 

de  Contio.  Fliilos,  epi.st. 


Mem.  2.]  Jiemedies  against  Discontents,  J 7 

Romulus,  Alexander  (by  Olym|jIas  confession),  Themistocles, 
Jugnrtha,  king-  Arthur,  William  the  Conqueror,  Homer,  De- 
mosthenes, p.  Lunibard,  P.  Comestor,  Bartholus,  Adrian  the 
fourth  pope,  &c.  bastards  ;  and  almost  in  every  kingdom,  the 
most  ancient  families  have  bin  at  first  princes  bastards;  their 
worthiest  captains,  best  nits,  greatest  scholars,  bravest  spirits 
in  all  our  annals,  have  been  base.  *  Cardan,  in  his  Subtilties, 
gives  a  reason  why  they  are  most  part  better  able  than  others  in 
body  and  mind,  and  so,  per  consequens,  more  fortunate.  Cas- 
truccius  Castrucanus,  a  poorchilde,  found  in  the  fielde  exposed 
to  misery,  became  prince  of  Luke  and  Senes  in  Italy,  a  most 
compleat  souldier  and  worthy  captain  ;  Machiavel  compares 
him  to  Scipio  or  Alexander.  AmVtis  a  wonderfuUihing  i^H2i\th 
he)to}iimthat  shall  consider  of' it  ^  that  all  those,  or  the  greatest 
part  of  them,  that  have  done  the  bravest  exploits  here  upon 
earth,  and  excelled  the  rest  of  the  nobles  of  their  time^  have 
been  still  born  in  some  abject,  obscure  place,  or  of  base  andoh- 
scureabjectparents.  A  most  memorable  observation,  •'Scaliger 
accompts  it,  et  non  prcetereundum,  maximorum  virorum  pleros- 
que  patres  ignoratos,  matres  impndicasfnisse.  I  could  recite 
a  great  catalogue  of  them  :  every  kingdoms,  every  province, 
will  yeeld  innumerable  examples  :  and  why  then  should  base- 
nes  of  birth  be  objected  to  any  man  ?  who  thinks  worse  of 
Tully  for  being  Arpinas,  an  upstart  ?  or  Agathocles,  that  Sici- 
lian king,  for  being  a  potters  son  ?  Tphicratesand  Mariuswere 
meanly  born.  What  wise  man  thinks  better  of  any  person  for 
his  nobility?  as  he  said  in  '^ Machiavel,  omnes  eodem  patre 
nati,  Adams  sons,  conceived  all  and  born  in  sin,  &c.  We  are 
by  nature  alias  one,  all  alike,  if  you  see  us  naked ;  let  us  wear 
theirs,  and  they  our  clothes,  and  whafs  the  difference  ?  To 
speak  truth,  as  ^Bale  did  of  P.  Scbalichius,  I  more  esteem  thy 
worth,  learning,  honesty,  then  thy  nobility  ;  honour  thee  more 
that  thou  art  a  writer,  a  doctor  of  divinity,  then  earl  of  the 
Hunnes,  baron  of  Skradine,  or  hast  title  to  such  and  such  pro- 
vinces, Src.      Thou  art  more  fortunate  and  great  (so  '^Jovius 


aCorpore  sunt  et  animo  fortiores  spurii,  pleriimque  ob  araoris  vehemeotiatn,  seminis 
crass.  &c.  ''  Vita  Castiucrii.     Nee  preeter  rationem  minim  videri  debet,  si 

quis  rem  considerarevelit,  omnes  eos.vel  saltern  maximam  partem,  qui  in  hocterrarum 
orbe  res  pra?stantiores  aggressi  sunt,  atqae  inter  caeteros  Eevi  sui  heroas  excelliierunt, 
aut  obscuro  aut  abjecto  loco  editos,  et  prognatos  fuisse  abjectis  parentibus.  Eorura 
ego  catalogum  infinitum  recensere  possem.  <:  Exercit.  265.  d  Flor. 

hist.  1.  3.  Quod  si  niuios  nos  conspici  contingat,  omnium  una  eademqae  erit  facie.s  ; 
nam,  si  ipsi  nostris,  nos  eorum  vestes  induamus,  nos,  &c.  e  \jt  nierifo 

dicam,  quod  simpliciter  senfiam.  Pauium  Schalichiiim,  scriptoremetdoctorem,  pluris 
facio  quam  comitem  Hunnonira,  et  baronem  Skradinum.  Encyclo:i«<iiam  ttia.m,  et 
orbem  disciplinarum,  omnibus  provinciis  aatefero.  Balypus.  epist.  nine  ipat  ad  5  rent, 
ultimam  script.  Brit.  fPiasfat.  hist.  lib.  1.     Virtute  tua  major, 

quam  aut  Hetrusci  imperii  fortana,  aat  niuaerosa  et  decora  prolis  felicitate  beatior 
evadis. 

VOL.  n.  e 


IS  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  *2.  Sec,  3 

nrites  to  Cosimis  Medices,  then  duke  of  Florence) ^br  thy 
rerhies,  then  for  thy  lovely  trij'e,  and  happy  children,  friends, 
f'ortnnes,  or  yreat  dutchy  of  Tuscany.  So  I  acconjpt  thee ;  and 
who  dot h  not  so  indeed  ?  ^Abdalonynuis  T\as  a  oardner,  and 
yet  by  Alexander,  for  his  vertues,  made  kinfj  of  Syria.  How 
much  better  is  it  to  be  liorn  of  mean  parentage,  and  to  excell 
in  worth,  to  be  morally  noble,  which  is  preferred  before  that 
naturall  nobility,  by  divines,  philosophers,  and  i. politicians, 
to  be  learned,  honest,  discreet,  mcH  qualified,  to  be  fit  for 
any  manner  of  imploimejii,  in  country  and  common-wealth, 
war  and  peace,  than  to  be  deyeneres  JS/^eoptolemi,  as  many  brave 
nobles  are,  only  wise  because  rich,  otherwise  idiots,  illiterate, 
unfit  for  any  manner  of  service  ?  '^  Udalricus,  carl  of  Cilia, 
upbraided  John  Huniandes  with  the  baseness  of  his  birth :  but 
he  replied,  in  tc  Ciliensis  coniitatus  turpiter  extinyuitur,  in 
me  qloriose  Bistricensis exoritnr  :  thine  earldome  is  consumed 
with  riot;  mine  begins  with  honour  and  renown.  Thou  hast 
had  so  many  noble  ancestors;  what  is  that  to  thee?  Vix  ea 
nostra  voco  :  '' when  thou  art  a  disard  thyself,  quid  prodest, 
Pontice,  longo  stemmate  censer i '^  ^-c.  I  conclude,  hast  thou 
a  sound  body,  and  a  good  soul,  good  bringing  up?  art  thou 
vertuous,  honest,  learned,  well  qualified,  religious.^  are  thy 
conditions  good  ?  thou  art  a  true  nobleman,  perfectly  noble, 
although  born  of  Thersites,  duni  tnodo  tu  sis  /Eacidm  similis^ 
nou  natus,  sed  J'actus,  noble,  y-nr  s^cx'^,v,  ^for  neither  sicord, 
nor  fire,  nor  water,  nor  sickness,  7ior  outward  violence,  nor  the 
di\'el  himself,  can  take  thy  yood  parts  from  thee.  Be  not 
ashamed  of  thy  birth  then  ;  thou  art  a  gentleman  all  the  world 
over,  and  shalt  be  honoured,  when  as  he,  strip  him  of  his  fine 
clothes,  "^^  dispossess  him  of  his  wealth,  is  a  funge  (which 
"Polynices,  in  his  banishment,  found  true  by  experience, 
gentry  was  not  esteemed)  like  a  piece  of  coin  in  another 
countrey,  that  no  man  will  take,  and  shall  be  contemned. 
Once  more,  though  thou  be  a  barbarian,  born  at  Tontonteac, 
a  villain,  a  slave,  a  Saldanian  negro,  or  a  rude  Virginian  in 
Dasamonquepeuc,  he  a  French  monseur,  a  Spanish  don,  a 
senior  of  Italy,  I  care  not  how  descended,  of  what  family,  of 
what  order,  baron,  count,  prince,  if  thou  be  well  qualified,  and 
he  not,  but  a  degenerate  Neoptolemus,  L  tell  thee  in  a  word, 
thou  art  a  man,  and  he  is  a  beast. 

Let  no  terrce  flius,  or  upstart,  insult  at  this  which  I  have 
said,  no  worthy  gentleman  take  offence.     I  speak  it  not  to  de- 

a  Cnrtius.  •>  Bodine,  de  rep.  lib.  3.  cap.  8.  «  ^■Eneas  Silvias,  lib.  2.  cap.  S9. 

•i  If  cbildren  be  proud,  haughty,    foolish,  they  defile  the  nobility  of  their  kindred. 
Eccl.  22.  8.  «  Cajiis  possesgio  nee  fiirto  eripi,  nee  incendio  absumi,  ncc  aqiiarum 

vora<iDe  absorberi,  vel  \'\  morbi  de.striii,  potest.  fSend  them  both  to  some  stranjfe 

place  nftked.  lid  ipnotos,  ax  Aristippns  .said,  yon  shall  see  tiie  diflerence.     Bacons 
Es'iay*-'.  r  PainiliiP  splendor  niliil  opis  attiilit.&c. 


Mem.  2.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  19 

tractfromsuch  as  are  well  deserving,  truelyvertuous  and  noble: 
I  do  much  respect  an<l  honour  true  gentry  and  nobility  ;  I  was 
born  of  worshipful  parents  my  self,  in  an  ancient  family :  but  I 
am ayounn-er  brother,  itconcenies  me  not:  or,had*i  been  some 
great  heirrricbly  endowed,  so  minded  as  I  am,  I  should  not  have 
been  elevated  at  all,  but  so  esteemed  of  it,  as  of  all  other  hu- 
mane happiness,  honours,  Sic  they  have  their  period,  are  brittle 
and  unconstant.  As  ''he  said  of  that  great  river  Danubius,  it 
riseth  from  a  small  fountain,  a  little  brook  at  first,  sometimes 
broad,  sometimes  narrow,  now  slow,tben  swift,  increased  at  last 
to  an  incredible  greatness,  by  the  confluence  of  60  navigable 
rivers,  it  vanishethin  conclusion,  loseth  its  name,  and  is  sud- 
denly swallov/ed  upof  the  Euxinesea;  1  maysay  of  our  greatest 
families,  they  were  mean  at  first,  augmented  by  rich  marriages, 
purchases,  offices ;  they  continue  for  some  ages,  with  some 
little  alteration  of  circumstances,  fortunes,  places,  &c.  by  some 
prodigal  son,  for  some  default,  or  for  want  of  issue,  they  are 
defaced  in  an  instant,  and  their  memory  blotted  out. 

So  much  in  the  mean  time  I  do  attribute  to  gentility,  that,  if 
he  be  well  descended  of  worshipful  or  noble  parentage,  he  will 
express  it  in  his  conditions  : 

nee  enim  feroces, 

Progenerant  aquila)  colurabatn. 

And  although  the  nobility  of  our  times  be  much  like  our  coins, 
more  in  number  and  value,  but  less  in  weight  and  goodness, 
with  finer  stamps,  cuts,  oroutsides,  thenofold;  yet,  if  heretain 
those  ancient  characters  of  true  gentry,  he  will  be  more 
atfable,  courteous,  gently  disposed,  of  fairer  carriage,  better 
temper,  or  a  more  magnanimous,  heroicall  and  generous  spirit, 
then  tliat  viilgus  Jiojninum,  those  ordinary  boores  and  pesants, 
qui  adeo  itnprobi,  ac/restes,  et  inculti  plerumque  sunt^  ne 
dicani  malitiosi,  ut  nemini  ullum  hujnanitatis  ojfficium  prastent, 
ne  ipsi  Deo,  si  advenerit,  as  ^  one  observes  of  them,  a  rude, 
brutish,  uncivil,  wilde,  a  currish  generation,  cruel  and  mali- 
cious, uncapable  of  discipline,  and  such  as  have  scarce  com- 
mon sense.  And  it  may  be  generally  spoken  of  all,  which 
'Lemnius  the  physician  said  of  his  travel  into  England,  the 
common  people  were  silly,  sullen,  dogged  clowns,  sed  mitior 
nohilitas,  ad  umne  humanitatis  officivm  paratissima,  the  gen- 
tlemen were  courteous  and  civil.  If  it  so  fall  out  (as  often  it 
doth)  that  such  pesants  are  preferred  by  reason  of  their  wealth, 


^Fluvins  liic  illustris,  hnmanannn  rerom  imago,  quae,  parvis  ducte  sub  initiis,  in  im- 
mensum  crescunt,  et  subito  evanescunt.  Exilis  hie  primo  fluviusin  admirandara  mag- 
nitudinem  excrescit,  tandemque  in  mari  Euxino  evaaescit,  J.  Stuckius,  pereg.  mar. 
Euxiai.  bSabinus,  in  6,  Ovid.  Met.  fab.  4.  "^  Lib.  1.  de  4.  Com- 

plexionibus. 

c  2 


20  Cure  of  Melancholy .  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

chance,  errour,  &c.  or  otherwise;  yet,  as  the  cat  in  the  fable, 
when  slie  was  turned  to  a  fair  maid,  would  play  with  mire,  a 
cur  will  l)e  a  cur,  a  clown  will  be  a  clown  ;  he  will  likely 
savour  of  the  stock  whence  became;  and  that  innate  rusticity 
can  hardly  be  shaken  off. 

^  Licet  superbus  ambulet  pecunil, 
Fortuna  non  mutat  genus. 

/\nd  thoujrh  by  their  education,  such  men  may  be  better  qua- 
lified, and  more  refined,  yet  there  be  many  symptomes,  by 
which  they  may  likely  be  descryed,  an  affected  fantastical  car- 
riage, a  tailor-like  spruceness,  a  peculiar  garb  in  all  their  pro- 
ceeditigs;  choicer  than  ordinary  in  his  diet ;  and  (as  ''Hierome 
well  describes  such  a  one  to  his  Nepotian)  ««  upstart,  born  iri 
a  base  cottarje,  that  scarce  at  first  had  coarse  bread  to  Jill  his 
hnnffry  f/uts,  must  now  feed  on  kickshoes  and  made  dishes,  icill 
have  all  rarieti/  of  flesh  and  fish,  the  best  ot/sters,  S,'c.  A 
begg-ars  brat  will  be  commonly  more  scornful,  itnperious,  in- 
sulting, insolent,  than  another  man  of  his  rank  :  nothing  so 
intolerable  as  a  fortunate  fool,  as  "=  Tully  found  long  since  out 
of  his  experience. 

Asperius  nihil  est  humili,  cum  surgit  in  altum  : 

set  a  begger  on  horseback,  and  he  will  ride  agallop,  a  gallop,  &c* 

■  fidessevit  in  ommnes, 

Dum  se  posse  putat;  nee  bellua  ssevior  ulla  est, 
Quam  servi  rabies  in  libera  colla  furentis : 

he  forgets  what  he  was,  domineers,  &c.  and  many  such  other 
symptomes  he  hath,  by  which  you  may  know  him  from  a  true 
gentleman.  Many  errours  and  obliquities  are  on  both  sides, 
noble,  ignoble, yac/?.«f,  natis  ;  yet  still  in  all  callings,  as  some 
degenerate,  some  are  well  deserving,  and  most  worthy  of  their 
honours.  And,  as  BusbequiussaidoifSolyman  the  magnificent, 
he  was  tanto  dir/nns  imperio,  M'orthy  of  that  great  empire  ; 
many,  meanly  descended,  are  most  worthy  of  their  honour, 
politice  nobiles,  and  well  deserve  it.  Many  of  our  nobility  so 
born  (which  onesaid  of  Hepha'stion,Pfolema'us,Seleucus,  An- 
tigonus,  &c.  and  the  rest  of  Alexanders  followers,  they  were  all 
worthy  to  be  monarchs  and  generals  of  arnu'es)  deserve  to  be 
princes.  And  I  am  so  far  forth  of**.Sesellius  his  mind,  that 
they  ought  to  be  preferred  (if  capable)  before  others,  as  being 


aHor.  ep.  Od.  2.  •>  Lib.  2.  ep.  15.     Natus  soHido  tngnriolo  et  panpere  domo, 

qoi  vix  inilio  rnEientem  ventrem,  &c.  «  Nihil  fortiin-^to  insipienle  intolera- 

bilius.  <!  Claud.  I.  9.  in  Eutrop.  e  Lib.  1.  de  Rep.  Oal.     Qiiouiam  ei  con- 

modi'  re  iitimtiir  conditioiie.et  bonestiore  loro  nati.  jain  inde  a  parvulis  ad  luorum  civi- 
litateni  ediK'oti  sunt,  et  assiiefKfti. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  agctinst  Discontents,  2l 

nohly  born^  ingenioushi  hrovght  vp,  and  from  their  infancy 
trained  to  all  manner  of  civility.  For  learning-  and  vertiie  in 
a  noble-man  is  more  eminent;  and,  as  a  jewel  set  in  gold  is 
more  precious,  and  much  to  be  respected,  such  a  man  deserves 
better  than  others,  and  is  as  great  an  honour  to  his  family  as 
his  noble  family  to  him.  In  a  word,  many  noblemen  are  an 
ornament  to  their  order:  many  poor  mens  sons  are  singularly 
well  endowed,  most  eminent,  and  well  deserving  for  their 
worth,  wisdome,  learning,  vertue,  valour,  integrity;  excellent 
members  and  pillars  of  a  commonwealth.  And  therefore,  to 
conclude  that  which  I  first  intended,  to  be  base  by  birth, 
meanly  born  is  no  such  disparagement.  Et  sic  demonsfratur, 
quod er at  demonstrandum. 

MEMB.  III. 

Against  Poverty  ajtd  Want,  with  such  other  Adver.sities. 

One  of  the  greatest  miseries  that  can  befal  a  man,  in  the 
worlds  esteem,  is  poverty  or  want,  which  makes  men  steal, 
bear  false  witness,  swear,  forswear,  contend,  murder  and  rebel, 
which  breaketh  sleep,  and  causeth  death  it  self. 

no  burden  (saith  "^  Menander)  so  intolerable  as  poverty : 
it  makes  men  desperate,  it  erects  and  dejects:  census honores, 
census  amicitias  ;  mony  makes,  but  poverty  mars,  &c.  and  all 
this  in  the  worlds  esteem ;  yet,  if  considered  aright,  it  is  a 
great  blessing  in  it  self,  an  happy  estate,  and  yields  no  such 
cause  of  discontent,  or  that  men  should  therefore  account 
themselves  vile,hated  of  God, forsaken,  miserable,  unfortunate. 
Christ  himself  was  poor,  born  in  a  manger,  and  had  notahouse 
to  hide  his  head  in  all  his  life,  ^lest  any  man  should  make 
poverty  a  judgement  of  God,  or  an  odious  estate.  And,  as  he 
was  himself,  so  he  informed  his  apostles  and  disciples,  they 
were  all  poor,  prophets  poor,  apostles  poor  (Act.  3.  Silver 
and  gold  have  I  none)  as  sorrowing,  (saith  Paul)  and  yet 
alway  rejoycing  ;  as  having  nothing,  and  yet  possessing  all 
things,  i  Cor.  6",  10.  Your  great  philosophers  have  been  vo- 
luntarily poor,  not  only  Christians,  but  many  others.  Crates 
Thebanus  was  adored  fer  a  god  in  Athens;  a  " nohle  man  by 
birlh,  many  servants  he  had,  an  honourable  attendance,  much 
wealth,  many  manors,  fine  apparel ;  but  when  he  saiv  this, 

"Nullum  paupertate  gravius  onus.  bNe  quis  irse  divinae  judicium  putaret, 

ant  paupertas  exosa  foret.     Cualt.  in  cap.  2.  ver.  18.  Lucae.  «Inter  proceres 

Theoanos  nuraeratus,  lectum  habuit  genus,  frequens  famulitiiim,,  domns  aniplas,  8*r, 
Apuleius.  Florid,  1,  4. 


22  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

that  nil  the  irealth  of  the  world  was  but  brittle,  uncertain, 
and  no  whit  availinf/  to  lit-e  well,  he  fun  (f  his  burden  into  the 
sea,  and  renounced  his  estate.  Those  Curii  and  Fabrioii  will  be 
ever  renowned  for  contempt  of  those  fopperies,  wherewith  the 
world  is  so  much  affected.  Among^st  Christians,  I  could  reckon 
lip  many  kings  and  fiueens,  that  have  forsaken  their  crowns 
and  fortunes,  and  wilfully  abdicated  themselves  from  these  so 
much  esteemed  toyes, ''many  tliat  have  refused  honours,  titles, 
and  all  this  vain  pomp  ami  happiness,  which  others  so  ambi- 
tiously seek,  and  carefully  study  to  compass  and  attain. 
Riches,  I  deny  not,  are  Gods  good  gifts,  and  blessinos  ;  and 
honor  est  honorante,  iionours  are  from  God  ;  both  rewards 
of  vertue,  and  fit  to  besought  after,  sued  for,  and  may  well  be 
possessed  :  yet  no  such  great  happiness  in  having,  or  misery  in 
wanting  of  them,  Dantur  quidem  bonis,  saith  Austin,  ne  quis 
mala  oistimet :  vialis  autem,  ne  quis  nimis  bona  :  good  men 
have  wealth  tliat  we  should  not  think  it  evil  ;  and  bad  men, 
that  they  should  not  rely  on,  or  hold  it  so  good.  Astherainfals 
on  both  sorts,  so  are  riches  given  to  good  and  bad,  sed  bonis 
in  bonum,  but  they  are  good  only  to  the  godly.  But  ''  con- 
ferre  both  estates,  for  natural  parts  they  are  not  unlike  ;  and  a 
beggars  child,  as  '^  Cardan  well  observes,  is  no  whit  inferioi' 
to  a  princes,  most  part  better:  and  for  those  accidents  of 
fortune,  it  will  easily  appear  there  is  no  such  odds,  no  such  ex- 
traordinary happiness  in  the  one,  or  misery  in  the  other.  He 
is  rich,  wealthy,  fat;  what  gets  he  by  it?  pride,  insolency, 
lust,  ambition,  cares,  feares,  suspicion,  trouble,  anger,emulation. 
and  many  filthy  diseases  of  body  and  minde.  He  hath  indeed 
variety  of  dishes,  better  fare,  sweet  wine,pleasantsawce,  dainty 
musick,  gay  clothes,  lords  it  bravely  out,  &c.  and  all  that 
which  Micyllus  admired  in  '"  Lucian  :  but  with  them  he  hath 
the  gout,  dropsies,  apoplexies,  palsies,  stone,  pox,  rhumes, 
catarrhes,  crudities,  oppillations,  *  melancholy,  &c.  Lust 
enters  in,  anger,  ambition.  According  to  '^  Chrysostome,  the 
sequel  of  riches  is  pride,  riot,  intemperance,  arror/a?icy,furi/, 
and  all  irrational  courses. 

s  turpi  fregeruot  saecula  luxu 

Divitise  molles  : 


3  P.  Blesensis,  ep.  72.  et  232.  Oblatos  respni  hooores,  ex  ooere  metiens  mota^  em> 
bitiosos  :  rogatos  non  i\'i,  &c.  •>  Sndat  pauper  foras  in  opere,  dives  in  cogita- 

tione  ;  hie  on  aperit  oscitatione,  ille  ructatione  ;  gravius  iile  fastidio,  quam  hie  inedia, 
cruciatur.     Bf  r.  ser.  <^  In  Hipperchen.     Natura  a-qiia  est,  puerosque 

videniuK  mendicoram  nulla  ei  parte    regiiin    filiis    dissimiles,    plerumque   saniores 
*  GallO;  Tom.  0.  '  Et  c  contubernio  frjedi  atqtie  olidi  vertris  mors  tandem 

edtjcit  Seneca,  ep   103.  f  Diviharom  sequela,  biius,  intemperif!:,  arropantie, 

Boperbi^j  ftirot  inJMatn*,  ojnnisqne  iirationaWilis  molua.  f  .Tnren 

Sat.  6. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  23 

with  tbeir  variety  of  dishes,  many  such  maladies  of  body  and 
mind  get  in,  which  the  poor  man  knowes  not  of.  As  Saturn, 
in  ^Lucian,  answered  the  discontented  commonalty,  (which, 
because  of  their  neglected  Saturnal  feasts  in  Rome,  made  a 
grierouscomplaintand  exclamation  against  rich  men)  that  they 
were  much  mistaken  in  supposing  such  happiness  in  riches : 
^you  see  the  best  (said  he) ;  hut  you  know  not  their  several 
gripings  and  discontents :  they  are  like  painted  walls,  fair  with- 
out, rotten  within,  diseased,  fiifhy,  crasie,  full  of  intemperances 
effects  :  *^  and  uho  can  reckon  half?  if  you  hut  knew  their 
fears,  cares,  anguish  of  mind  and  vexation,  to  uihich  they  are 
subject,  you  ivould  hereafter  renounce  all  riches. 

'I  O  si  pateant  pectoia  divitum, 
Quantos  intiis  sublimis  agit 
Fortuna  metus  !  Brutia,  Coro 
Pulsante  fretum,  mitior  unda  esl. 

O  that  their  breasts  were  but  conspicuous, 
How  full  of  fear  witliin,  how  furious ! 
The  narrow  seas  are  not  so  boisterous. 

Yea,  but  he  hath  the  world  at  will  that  is  rich,  the  good  things 
of  the  earth ;  suave  est  de  magno  tollere  acervo ;  he  is  a  happy 
man,  ^  adored  like  a  God,  a  prince  ;  every  man  seeks  to  him, 
applauds,  honours,  admires  him.  He  hath  honours  indeed, 
abundance  of  all  things  :  but  (as  I  said),  withal,  ^ pride,  lust, 
anger ,  faction,  emulation,  fears,  cares,  suspicion  enter  ivith  his 
ivealth  ;  for  his  intemperance  he  hath  aches,  crudities,  gowfs, 
and,  as  fruits  of  his  idleness  and  fulness,  lust,  surfeiting  and 
drunkenness,all  manner  of  diseases :  pecuniis  augetur  improbi- 
tas:  the  wealthier,  the  more  dishonest.  ^  He  is  exposed  to 
hatred,  envy,  peril  and  treason,fcar  of  death,  of  degradation, 
&c.  'tis  lubrica  statio  et  proxima  proecipitio ;  and  the  higher 
he  climbs,  the  greater  is  his  fall. 

''  celsas  graviore  casu 

Decidunt  turres,  feriuntque  summos 
Fulgura  montes, 

the  lightning  commonly  sets  on  fire  the  highest  towers ;  'in 
the  more  eminent  place  he  is,  the  more  subject  to  fall. 


a  Saturn.  Epist.  ^  Vos  qnideni  divites  pntatls  felices  ;  sed  nescifis  eoruin 

miserias.  <^  Et  quota  pars  hajc  eorinn  quae  istos  discniciant?si  nossetis  metus 

et  cnras,  quibus  obnoxii  sunt,  plane  fugiendas  vobis  divitias  existimaretis.  d  Se- 

neca, in  Here.  Q^taeo.  e  Et  Diis  similes  stulta  cogitatio  facit.  •  Fiamma 

simnl  Hbidinis  ingreditur;  ira,  furor,  et  snperbia,  divitiarnm  sequela.  Chrys. 
p  Omnium  oculis,  odio,  insidiis  expositiis,  semper  solicitus,  fortnii*  ladibviurn. 
''  Hor.  2. 1.  od.  10.  '  Quid  me  felicem  toties  jactastis,  amici  ?  Qui  cecidit. 

slabiii  nou  fait  ille  loco.     Boeth. 


24  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

Rumpitur  innumeris  arbos  uberrima  pomis  ; 
Et  subito  nimifE  prseripitantur  opes. 

ARatree,tliat  is  heavy  laden  with  fruit,  breakslierown  hoiio-hp, 
with  their  own  greatness  tl)ey  rninclhenisolves:  whicli  Joachi- 
mus  Cainerarius  hath  elegantly  expressed  in  his  13  Enibleme, 
cent.  1.  Inopem  se  copiafacit.  Their  means  is  their  misery  ; 
though  they  doapply  themselves  to  thetinies,  toIye,dissemhle, 
collogue  and  flattertheir  leiges,  obey,  second  his  will  and  com- 
mands, as  much  as  may  be,  yet  too  frequently  tliey  miscarry : 
they  fat  themselves  like  so  many  hogs,  as^'yEneas  Sylvius  ob- 
serves, that,  when  they  are  full  fed,  they  maybe  devoured  by 
their  princes,as  Seneca  by  Nero  was  served,Sej  an  us  by  Tiberius, 
and  Haman  by  Ahasuerus.  I  resolve  with  Gre'^ory, potestas 
cnlminis  est  tempestas  mentis ;  et  quo  d'ujnUas  altioi\  casus 
gravior  ;  honour  is  a  tempest;  the  higher  they  are  elevated, 
the  more  grievously  depressed.  For  ihe  rest  of  his  preroga- 
tives which  wealth  afliords,  as  he  hath  more,  his  expences  are 
the  greater.  yVhe7i  goods  increase^  theij  are  increased  that  eat 
them  ;  and  what  good  corneth  to  the  owners^  but  the  beholding 
thereof  with  the  eyes?  Eccles.  4.  10. 

bMillia  frumenti  tua  triverit  area  centum, 
Non  tuus  hinc  capiet  venter  plus  quam  mens. 

An  evil  sickness  Solomon  calls  it,  and  reserved  to  them  for 
an  evil,  1 2.  verse.  They  that  will  he  rich  fall  into  many  J  ears 
and  temptations,  into  many  foolish  and  noisome  Insts,  which 
drown  men  in  perdition,  i  Tim.  6.  9.  gold  and  silver  hath 
destroyed  many,  Ecclus.  8. 2.  divitice  sceculisnnt  laqnei  diaholi: 
so  writes  Bernard;  worldly  wealth  is  the  devils  bait;  and  as  the 
moen,  when  she  is  fuller  of  light  is  still  farther  from  the 
sun,  the  more  wealth  they  have,  the  farther  they  are  com- 
monly from  God.  (If  I  had  said  this  of  my  self,  rich  n)en 
would  have  pulled  me  a  pieces;  but  hear  who  saith,  and  uho 
seconds  it,  an  apostle)  therefore  S'.  James  bids  (hem  weep  and 
howlefor  the  miseries  that  shall  come  upo?i  them  ;  their  gold 
shall  rust  and  canker,  andeat  their  fesh  asfre,  James  5.  1 , 2,  3. 
I  may  then  boldly  conclude  with  'Theodoret,  quotiescunque 
divitiis  affluentem,  SfC.  as  often  as  you  shall  see  a  man  abound- 
ing in  wealth, 

Qui  gemmis  bibit,  et  Sarrano  dormit  in  ostro, 
and  naught  withal,  I  beseech  you  call  him  not  happy,  but 
esteem  him  unfortunate,  because  he  hath  many  occasions  offered 

'  Ut,  postquam  impingiiati  fnerint,  devorentiir.  f' Hor.  "^Cap.  6.  de 

CTirat.  CTraec.  affect,  cap.  de  providentia.  Quoticscnnqne  divitiis  aflflnentera  horaioem 
•wdennus,  cimqne  peBsixDutD,  nt,  qnapso,  hnnr  bfah'sfiimuin  pntemus,  sed  infelieem 
#*D»ean)n»,  Stc. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  25 

to  live  unjustly  :  on  the  other  side,  a  poor  man  is  not  miser ahle^ 
if  he  he  good,  but  therefore  happy,  that  those  evil  occasions 
are  taken  from  him. 

•  Non  possidentem  multa  vocaveris 
Recte  beatum.     Rectius  occupat 
Nomen  beati,  qui  Deoriim 
Muiieribus  sapienter  uti, 
Duramque  callet  pauperiem  pati, 
Pejusque  leto  flagitium  timet. 

He  is  not  happy  that  is  rich. 

And  hath  the  world  at  will. 
But  he  that  wisely  can  Gods  gifts 

Possess,  and  use  them  still; 
That  suffers,  and  with  patience 

Adides  hard  poverty. 
And  chuseth  rather  for  to  dye, 

Then  do  such  villany. 

Wherein  now  consists  his  happiness  ?  what  privileges  hath  he 
more  then  other  men  ?  or  rather  what  miseries,  what  cares  and 
discontents  hath  he  not  more  then  other  men  ? 

b  Non  enim  gazse,  neque  consularis 
Summovet  lirtor  miseros  tumultus 
Mentis,  et  curas  laqueata  circum 
Tecta  volantes. 
Nor  treasures  nor  maiors  officers  remove 

The  miserable  tumults  of  the  mind. 
Or  cares  that  lie  about,  or  flye  above 

Their  high-roofed  houses,  v;ilh  huge  beams  combind. 

'Tis  not  his  wealth  can  vindicate  him  ;  let  him  have  Jobs  in- 
Tentory,  sint  Croesi  et  Crassi  licet,  non  hos  Pacfolns,  cureas 
undas  agens,  eripiet  unqnam  e  miseriis:  Croesus  or  rich  Cras- 
sus  cannot  now  command  health,  or  get  himself  a  stomack. 
'^ His  icor ship,  asApuleius  describes  him,  in  all  his  plenty  and 
great  provision,  is  forbidden  to  eat,  or  else  hath  no  appetite, 
(■sickin  bed,  can  take  no  rest,  sore  grieved  with  some  chronick 
clisease  contracted  with  full  dyet  and  ease,  or  troubled  in 
mind)  when  as,  in  the  meantime,  all  his  houshold  are  merry^ 
and  the  poorest  servant  that  he  keeps,  doth  continnally  feast. 
'Tis  bracteata  felicitas,  as  ''Seneca  terms  it,  tin-foyTd  happi- 
ness, inf elix  f elicit  as,  an  unhappy  kind  of  happiness,  if  it  be 
happiness  at  all.     His  gold,  guard,  clattering  of  harness,  and 


»  Hor.  1.  2.  Od.  9.  bHor.  lib.  2.  c  Florid.  lib.  4.     Dives  il!e  cibo  interdi- 

citnr,  et  in  omni  copia  poa  cibam  non  accipitj  cam  interea  totum  ejus  servitium  hilars 
Bit,  at^us  epuletar,  ''EpistllS. 


2(S  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

fortifications  a^ainsi  outward  enemies,  cannot  free  liim  from 
inward  feares  and  cares. 

Reveraque  metus  hominum,  curseque  sequaces, 
Nee  metuunt  fremitus  armorum,  aut  t'errea  tela  ; 
Audacterque  inter  reges,  rcgiimque  potcutes, 
Versantur,  neque  fulgorem  revercntur  ab  auro. 
Indeed  men  still  attending  fears  and  cares, 
Nor  armours  clashing,  nor  fierce  weapons  fears  : 
With  kings  converse  they  boldly,  and  kings  peers, 
Fearing  no  flasliings  that  from  gold  appeare. 
Look  how  many  servants  lie  hath,    and  so  many  enemies  he 
suspects  ;  for  liberty,  lie  entertains  ambition ;  his  pleasures  are 
no  pleasures;   and,  that  which  is  worst,  he  cannot  be  private 
or  enjoy  himself  as  other  men  do  ;  his  state  is  a  servitude.  ^  A 
country  man  may  travel   from   king-dome  to  king<lome,  pror 
vince  to  province,  city  to  city,  and  glut  his  eyes  with  delightful 
objects,  liawk,  hunt,  and  use  those  ordinary  disports,  without 
any  notice  taken,  all  v.hich  a  prince  or  a  great  man  cannot 
do.     He   keeps  in  for  state,  ne  majostatis  dif/nitas  evilescat, 
as  our  China  kings  of  Bornay,  and   Tartarian  Chains,  those 
aurea  mancipiay  are  said  to  do,  seldome  or  never  seen  abroad, 
ut  major  sit  homimnn  eraa  e  obserrantia ;  which  the ''Persian 
kings  so  precisely  observed  of  old.     A  poor  nuin  takes  more 
delight  in  ordinary  meals  meat,  which  he  hath  but  seldom, 
then  they  do  with  all  their  exotick  dainties  and  continual 
viands : 

Quippe  voluptatem  commcndat  rarior  usus  : 

'tis  the  rarity  and  necessity  that  makes  a  tiling  acceptable  and 
pleasant.  Darius,  put  to  flight  by  Alexander,  drank  puddle 
Avater  to  quench  histhirst ;  and  it  was  pleasanter,he  swore,  then 
any  wine  or  mede.  All  excess,  as  '^Epictetus  argues,  will 
cause  a  dislike  :  sweetwill  be  sour,  M-hich  made  that  temperate 
Epicurus  sometimes  voluntarily  fist.  But  they  being  al- 
wayes  accustomed  to  the  same  ''  dishes,  (which  are  nastily 
dressed  by  slovenly  cooks,  that,  after  their  obscenities,  never 
wash  their  bawdy  hands)  be  they  {\Ai,  flesh,  compounded, 
made  dishes,  or  whatsoever  else,  are  therefore  cloyed :  nectar 
itself  grows  loathsome  to  them  ;  they  are  weary  of  all  their  fine 
palaces;  they  are  to  them  but  as  so  many  prisones.  A  poor  man 
drinks  in  a  wooden  dish,  and  eats  his  meat  in  wooden  spoons, 
wooden  platters,  earthen  vessels,  and  such  homely  stufl^e:  the 
other  in  gold,  silver,  and  precious  stones  ;  but  with  what  suc- 

»Hor.  Et  mihi  curto  Ire  licet  miilo,  vel,  si  lihet,  usqne  Tarendirn.  ''Brisoniiis. 

'  Si  niodain  excesseris,  siiavissimR  sunt  inolesta.  ''Et  in  tiipediisjjiilac.  coquos 

et  |)neri  illotis  manibus  ab  exoneratione  ventris  omnia  tractanf,  &c.  Cardan.  1.  8. 
rap.  JG.  de  rerum  varictate. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  27 

cess?  inauro  bibitur  venenum;  fear  of  poysoii  in  the  one,  se- 
curity in  the  other.  A  poor  man  is  able  to  write,  to  speak  his 
mind,  to  do  his  own  business  himself;  locuples  mitt  it  para- 
situm,  saith  ^Philostratus ;  a  rich  man  imployes  a  parasite,  and 
as  the  maior  of  a  city  speaks  by  the  town-clark,  or  by  M^  Re- 
corder, when  he  cannot  express  himself.  ''Nonius  the  senator 
hath  a  purple  coat  as  stiffe  with  jewels,  as  his  mind  is  full  of 
vices;  rings  on  his  fingers  worth  20000  sestercies;  and,  as 
<^  Perox  the  Persian  king,  an  union  in  his  care  worth  lOOweight 
of  gold  :  '^Cleopatra  hath  whole  boars  and  sheep  served  up 
to  her  table  at  once,  drinks  jewels  dissolved,  40000  sestercies 
in  value  ;  but  to  what  end? 

'Num,  tibi  cum  fauces  urit  sitis,  aurea  queeris 
Pocula  ? 

Doth  a  man  that  is  a  dry  desire  to  drink  in  gold?  doth  not  a 
cloth  sute  become  him  as  well,  and  keep  him  as  v,  arm,  as  all 
their  silks,  sattins,  damasks,  taflaties  and  tissues?  Is  not  home- 
spun cloth  as  great  a  preservative  against  cold,  as  a  coat  of 
Tartar  lambs  wooll  died  in  grain,  or  a  gown  of  giants  beards  ? 
Nero,  saith^Sueton,  never  put  on  one  garnienttwice;  and  thou 
hast  scarce  one  to  put  on  :  v  hat's  the  difference  ?  one's  sick, 
the  other  sound  ;  such  is  the  whole  tenor  of  their  Jives  ;  and 
that  which  is  the  consummation  and  upshot  of  all,  death  it  self 
makes  the  greatest  difference.  One,  like  an  hen,  feeds  on  the 
dunghill  of  his  daies,  but  is  served  up  at  kst  to  his  ?ords  table; 
the  other,  as  a  falcon,  is  fed  with  partridge  and  pigeons,  and 
carried  on  his  masters  fist,  but,  when  he  dyes,  is  fiuiig  to  the 
muckhil,  and  there  lies.  The  rich  man  lives,  like  Dives, 
jovially  here  on  earth,  temnlentns  diviiiis,  make  the  best  of  it; 
and  boasts  himself' in  the  multitude  of  his  riches  {Psal.  49.6. 11): 
he  thinks  his  house,  called  after  his  oicn  name,  shall  continue 
for  ever;  but  he  perish  eth  like  a  beast  (ver. 20):  his  tray  utters 
hisfolhf  (ver.  13)  :  maleparta  male  dilabnntur  ;  like  sheep,  they 
lye  in  the  grave  (14).  Puncto  descendunt  ad  inferman  :  they 
spend  their  dayes  in  icealfh,  and  go  suddenly  doivn  to  hell  [Job, 
21. 13).  For  all  physicians  and  medicines  inforcing- nature,  a 
sowning  wife,  families  complaints,friends tears,  dirges,  masses, 
ncenias,  funerals,  for  all  orations,  counterfeit  hired  acclama- 
tions, eulogiums,  epitaphs,  herses,  heralds,  black  mourners, 
solemnities,  obelisks,  and  Mausolean  tombs,  (if  he  have  thera 
at  least)  «he,  like  a  hog,  goes  to  hell,  with  a  guilty  conscience 


^Epist.  bpiin.  lib.  57.  cap.  6.  ^ Zonaras,  3  annal.  <i  Plalarch. 

vit.  ejus.  ^  Har.  Ser.  lib.  ].  Sat.  2.  '  Cap.  30.  Nnllaiu  veslem  bis  induit, 

*  Ad  genernm  Cereris  sine  csde  e(  sanguine  pauci  DesceDdiint  leges,  et  sicca  morte 
tyranni. 


28  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

(propter  has  dilatavit  infernus  as  suuni)  and  a  poor  mans 
curse:  his  iiieniory  stinks  like  the  snutfe  of  a  candle  when  it 
is  put  out;  scurril  libels  and  infanioiis  ol)loquies  accompany 
hiiu  :  when  as  poor  Laz;uus  is  Dei  sacrariuin,  the  tenjpie  of 
God,  lives  and  dies  in  true  devotion,  hath  no  more  attendnnts, 
but  his  own  innocency,  the  heaven  a  tomb,  desires  to  be  dis- 
solved, buried  in  his  uiotheis  lap,  and  hath  a  company  of 
"angels  ready  to  convey  his  soul  into  iVbrahams  bosom:  he 
leavesan  everlastingand  a  sweet  memory  behind  him.  Crassus 
and  Sylla  are  indeed  still  recorded,  but  not  so  much  fortheir 
wealth  as  for  their  victories,  Croesus  for  his  end,  Solomon  for 
his  wisdome.  In  a  word,  ^to  fjet  icealth  is  a  fjreat  trouble^ 
anxiety  to  keep,  grief  to  lose  it. 

cQuid  dignum  stolidis  mentibus  imprecer? 

Opes,  honores  anibiant: 
Et,  cum  falsa  gravi  mole  paraverint, 
Turn  vera  cognoscaut  bona. 

But  consider  all  tliose  other  unknown,  concealed  happi- 
nesses, w  hich  a  poor  man  hath  (I  call  them  unknown,  because 
they  be  not  acknowledged  in  the  worlds  esteem,  or  so  taken): 

O  fortunatos  niraium,  bona  si  sua  norint ! 

happy  they  are  in  the  mean  time,  if  they  would  lake  notice  of 
it,  make  use,  or  applie  it  to  themselves.  A  poor  man  wise  is 
better  then  a  foolish  kincj  (Eccl.  2.  13).  "  Poverty  is  the  way 
to  heaven,  ''the  inistress  of  philosophy,  'the  mother  of  religion, 
vertue,  sobriety,  sister  of  innocency,  and  an  upright  mind. 
How  n)any  such  encomiums  might  I  adde  out  of  the  fathers, 
philosophers,  orators!  Ittroublesmany  thattheyare  poor;  they 
accompt  of  it  as  a  great  plague,  a  curse,  a  sign  of  Gods  hatred, 
ipsnm  scebis,  damn'd  villany  it  self,  a  disgrace,  shame  and  re- 
proach ;  but  to  whom,  or  why'?  "  If  fortune  hath  envyed  me 
wealth,  thieves  have  robbed  me,  my  father  have  not  left  me 
such  revenues  us  others  have,  that  1  am  a  younger  brother, 
basely  born, 

cui  sine  luce  genus,  surdumquc  parentum 

Nomen, 

of  mean  parentage,  a  dirt-daubers  son,  am  I  therefore  to  be 
blamed  ?    an  enyle,  a  bull,  a  lion,  is  not  rejected  for  his  po- 

■  GoH  shall  deliver  his  soule  from  the  power  of  (he  Rrave,  P.sal.  19.  15.  ''Con- 

tempi.  Idiot,  cap.  37.  Divitiariim  arqiiisitio  mairni  lahoris,  possessio  tnagni  tiraoris, 
amissio  magni  aoioris.  "^Boethius,  de  consul,  phii.  1.  A.  (^  Austin,  in  Ps.  76. 

Omnis  philosophia?  niagistra,  ad  civiura  via.  '  Bnns<?  mentis  soror  patipertas. 

fPadagoga  pietatis,  sohria.pia  mater,  cidtii  simplex,  habitu  serura,  consilio  ben^suada. 
Apul.  jr  Cardan.  Opprobiom  non  est  paupertas:  quod  lato  eripit,  ant  pater 

pon  reliqnit,  cnr  mihi  vitio  daretur,  si  fortuna  divitias  in^idit  ?  dod  aqnilx..  nun,  &c. 


Mem.  3i]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  29 

verty ;  and  tohy  should  a  man  ?  'Tis  ^fortmice  telnm^  non 
ciilpcE,  fortunes  faulf,  not  mine.  Good  Sir,  I  am  a  servant, 
(to  use  ''Senecas  words)  hoicsoever  your  poor  friend;  a  ser- 
vant, and  yet  your  chamherfellow,  and  if  you  consider  better 
of  it,  your  fellow  servant.  I  am  thy  drn(ige  in  the  worlds 
eye,  yet,  in  Gods  sight,  perad venture  thy  better,  my  soule  is 
more  precious,  and  I  dearer  unto  him.  Etiam  servi  Diis 
curcB  sunt,  as  Evangelus  at  large  proves  in  Macrobius ;  the 
meanest  servant  is  most  precious  in  his  sight.  Tliou  art  an 
Epicure,  I  am  a  good  Christian  :  thou  art  many  parasanges 
before  me  in  means,  favour,  wealth,  honour,  Claudius  his  Nar- 
cissus, Neros  Massa,  Domitians  Parthenius,  a  favourite,  a 
golden  slave ;  thou  coverest  thy  floors  with  marble,  thy  roofs 
with  gold,  thy  wals  with  statues,  fine  pictures,  curious  hang- 
ings, &c.  what  of  all  this  ?  calcas  opes,  ^c.  what's  all  this  to 
true  happiness?  lliveand  breath  under  that  glorious  heaven, 
that  august  Capitol  of  nature,  enjoy  the  brightness  of  stars, 
that  cleer  lightof  sunand  moon, those  infinitecreatures,  plants, 
birds,  beasts,  fishes,  herbs,  all  that  sea  and  land  aflTords,  far 
surpassing  all  that  art  and  opnlentia  can  give.  lam  free,  and, 
which  ^Seneca  said  of  Rome,  culmen  liberostexit,sub  mar  mora 
€t  auro  posfea  servitus  habitavit ;  thou  hast  AmalthecE  cornu, 
plenty,  pleasure,  the  world  at  will ;  1  am  despicable  and  poor; 
but  a  word  overshot,  a  blow  in  choler,  a  game  at  tables,  a  loss 
at  sea,  a  sudden  fire,  the  princes  dislike,  a  little  sickness,  5:c. 
may  make  us  equal  in  an  instant  :  howsoever  take  thy  time, 
triumph  and  insult  a  while;  cinis  cequat,  as  '^  Alphonsus  said; 
death  will  equalize  us  all  at  last.  I  livesparingly,  in  the  mean 
time,  am  clad  homely,  fare  hardly;  is  this  a  reproach?  am  I 
the  worse  for  it?  am  I  contemptible  for  it?  am  I  to  be  repre- 
hended ?  A  learned  man  in  ^Nevisanus,  was  taken  down  for 
sitting  amongst  gentlemen ;  but  he  replyed,  my  yiobility  is 
about  the  head,  yours  declines  to  the  taile ;  and  they  vvere 
silent.  Let  them  mock,  scoflT,  and  revile;  'tis  not  thy  scorn, 
but  his  that  made  thee  so  :  he  that  mocketh  the  poor,  re- 
proacheth  him  that  made  him  (Prov.  11.  5);  and  he  that  re- 
joyceth  at  affliction,  shall  not  be  mipunished.  For  the  rest, 
the  poorer  thou  art,  the  happier  thou  art;  ditior  est,  at  non 
melior,  saith  'Epictetus;  he  is  richer,  not  better,  then  thou 
art,  not  so  free  from  lust,  envy,  hatred,  ambition. 


»Tully.  ''Epist.  74.     Servs,  snmme  homo ;  servns  sura,  immo  conf nbernaJis ; 

servus  sam,at  hnmilis  amicus  ;  imnio  conservus,  si  co^taveris.  cEpjst.  66.  ef  9(). 

dPanormitan.  rebusgestisAlph.  ^  Lib.  4.  ntim  218.     Quidaiu  deprehensus 

quod  sedeiet  loco  nobilium,  raea  nobilitas,  ait,  est  circa  caput,  vestra  declinat  ad  can- 
dam,  f  Tanto  beatior  es,  quanto  collection 


30  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  So<-.  5. 

Beatus  ille,  qui,  procul  negotiis, 
Paterna  rura  bobus  exercet  suis. 

Happy  he,  in  that  he  is  'freed  from  the  tumults  of  the  world, 
he  seeks  no  honours,  oapes  after  no  preferment,  flatters  not, 
envies  not,  ternporizeth  not,  but  lives  privately,  and  well  con- 
tented with  his  estate  ; 

Nee  spes  corde  avidas,  nee  curam  pascit  ioancm, 
Sfecurus  quo  fata  cadant. 

He  is  not  troubled  with  state  matters,  whether  kingdomes 
thrive  better  by  succession  or  election  ;  whether  monarchies 
should  be  mixt,  temperate,  or  absolute;  the  house  of  Ottomons 
and  Austria  is  all  one  to  him  ;  he  enquires  not  after  colonies 
or  new  discoveries;  whether  Peter  were  at  Rome,  or  Constan- 
tines  donation  be  of  force;  what  comets  or  new  stars  sig-nifie, 
whether  the  earth  stand  or  move,  there  be  a  new  world  in  the 
moon,  or  infinite  worlds,  &c.  He  is  not  touched  with  fear  of 
invasions,  factions,  or  emulations  ; 

I"  Felix  ille  animi,  Divisque  simillimusipsis, 
Quern  noil  mordaci  resplendeus  Gloria  fuco 
Solicitat,  non  tastosi  mala  gaudia  luxAs, 
Sed  tacitos  sinit  ire  dies,  et  paupere  cultu 
Exigit  innocuoe  tranquilla  silentia  vLtae. 

An  happy  soule,  and  like  to  God  himself. 
Whom  not  vain  glory  macerates  or  strife, 
Or  wicked  joyes  of  that  proud  swelling  pelfe, 
•^But  leads  a  still,  poor  and  contented  life. 

^  A  secure,  quiet,  blissful  state  he  hath,  if  he  could  acknow- 
ledge it.  But  here  is  the  misery,  that  he  will  not  take  notice 
of  it;  he  rej)ines  at  rich  mens  wealth,  brave  hangings,  dainty 
fare :  as  Siinonides  objectelh  to  Hieron,  he  hath  all  the 
pleasures  of  the  world  ;  "  in  lectist  ehurneis  donnit,  vin7(m 
phidl'is  hihit,  optimis  nnguentis  delihuitur ;  he  knows  not  the 
affliction  of  Joseph,  sfrctchinr/  himself'  on  ivory  beds,  and 
sinqiny  to  {he  sound  of  the  viol;  and  it  troubles  him  that  he 
hath  not  the  like;  there  is  a  difference, (he  grumbles)  between 
laplolly  and  phesaiUs,  to  tumble  i'th'straw  and  lye  in  a  down 
bed,  betwixt  wine  and  water,  a  cottage  and  a  palace.     He  hates 


"  Non  amoribus  inser\  it,  non  appetit  honores  :  et,  qualitercurnqne  rclictns,  satis  habet, 
hominem  se  esse  raeminit;  invidt-t  nemini,  neminem  despirit,  nerainem  miratiir,  aer- 
mooibus  malignis  non  attendit  ant  alitur.     Plinins,  hPolitianus,  in  Rnstico. 

cOyi2;es,  regno  Lydiie  iuflatns,  sciscitatuin  misit  Apollinem,  an  (iiiis  inortalinra  se  feli- 
cior  cssft?  Aglaium,  Arcadum  pauperrimnm,  Apollo  praetulit,  qni  terminos  agri  sui 
nunquarii  excesserat,  rnre  suo  contentus.     Val.  lib.  I.  c.  7.  dHor.    HaecestViU 

solntorum  misera  ambitione,  gravique.  «■  Amos,  6, 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  HI 

nature  (as  ^Pliny  characterizeth  him)  that  she  hath  made  him 
loicer  then  a  god,  and  is  angry  with  the  gods  that  any  man 
goes  before  him:  and  although  he  hath  received  much,   yet 
(as  ''Seneca  holds  it)  he  thinks  it  an  injury  that  he  hath  no 
more,  and  is  so  Jar  from  giving  thanks  for  his  tribuneship, 
that  he  complains  that  he  is  not  pnetor ;  neither  doth  that 
please  him,  except  he  may  he  consul.     Why  is  he  not  a  prince, 
why  not  a  monarch,  why  not  an  emperour  ?    Why  should  one 
man  have  so  much  more  then  his  followes,   one  have  all,  an- 
other nothing '?     Why  should  one  man  be  a  slave  or  drudge  to 
another?  one  surfeit,  another  starve,  one  live  at  ease, another 
labour,  without  any  hope  of  better  fortune?  Thus  they  grum- 
ble, mutter,   and  repine,   not  considering  that  inconstancy  of 
humane  affairs,  judicially  conferring  one  condition  with  an- 
other, or  well  weighing  their  own  present  estate.     What  they 
are  now,  thou  mayst shortly  be;  and  what  thou  art,  they  shall 
likely  be.     Expect  a  little  ;  confer  future  and  times  past  with 
the  present;  see  the  event,  and  comfort  thyself  with  it.     It  is 
as  well  to  be  discerned  in  commonwealths,  cities,  families,  as 
in  private  mens  estates,      Italy  was  once  lord  of  the  world  ; 
Rome,  the  queen  of  cities,  vaunted  herself  of  two'^myriades  of 
inhabitants ;  now  that  all  commanding  counti-y  is  possessed  by 
petty  princes;  ^Rome  a  small  village  in  respect.     Greece,  of 
old  the  seat  of  civility,  mother  of  sciences  and  humanity,  now- 
forlorn,  the  nurse  of  barbarism,  a  den  of  theeves.     Germany 
then,  saith  Tacitus,  was  incultand  horrid,  now  full  of  magni- 
ficent  cities:    Athens,  Corinth,  Carthage,  (how  flourishing 
cities !)  now  buried  in  their  own  mines  ;  corvorum,ferarum, 
aprorum,   et  bestiarum  lustra,   like  so  many  wildernesses,  a 
receptacle  of  wild  beasts.     Venice,  a  poor  fisher-town  ;  Paris, 
London,  small  cottages  in  Cassars  time,  now  most  noble  em- 
poriums.    Valois,  Plantegenet,  and  Scaliger,  how  fortunate 
families!  how  likely  to  continue!  now  quite  extinguished  and 
rooted  out.     He  stands  aloft  to  day,  full  of  favour,  m  ealth,  ho- 
nour, and  prosperity,  in  the  top  of  Fortunes  wheele  ;  to  mor- 
row in  prison,  worse  then  nothing;  his  son's  a  begger.    Thou 
art  a  poor  servile  drudge,  fcex  populi,  a  very  slave;  thy  son 
may  come  to  be  a  prince,  with  llaximinus,   Agathocles,  &c. 
a  senator,  a  generall  of  an  army  ;  thou  standest  bare  to  him 
now,   workest  for  him,  drudgest  for  him  and  his,  takest  an 
almes  of  him :  stay  but  alittle,  and  his  next  heire  peradventure 


aPrsefat.  lib,  7.  Odit  naturam,  qnod  infra  Deos  sit ;  irascitur  Diis,  quod  quis  ilH  an- 
tecedat.  ^Le  iid,  cap.  21.  lib.  3.    Etsi  multum  acceperit,  injuriam  putat  plura 

nott  accepisse  ;  non  agit  pro  tribimata  gratias,  sed  queritur  quod  Don  sit  ad  praetiiram 
perdactas  :  neque  hsec  grata,  .si  desit  consuiatuB.  *=  Lips,  admir.  <•  Of  some 

900000  inhabitants  now. 


32  Cure  of  Melancholy,  [Part.  2.  Sec.  ?i. 

shall  consume  all  with  riot,  be  degraded,  thou  exalted,  and  he 
shall  !)eoof  thee  Thoii  shaltbe  his  most  honourable  patron, 
be  »hy  devout  servant:  his  posterity  shall  run,  ride,  and  do 
as  uuicli  for  thine:  as  it  was  with  "  Frisgobald  and  Cromwel, 
it  may  be  for  thee.  Citizens  devour  countrey gentlemen,  and 
settle  in  their  seats;  after  two  or  three  descents,  they  consume 
all  in  riot;  it  returnes  to  the  city  again. 


-Nevus  incola  venit: 


Nam  propriae  telluris  lierum  nalura  ncque  ilium, 
Nee  me,  nee  quemquam,  statuit,     Nos  expulit  ille; 
Ilium  aut  nequities,  aut  vafri  inscitia  juris. 

A  lawyer  buyes  out  his  poor  client ;  after  a  while  his  clients 
posterity  buy  out  him  and  his;  so  thin«-s  go  round,  ebbe  and 
flow. 

Nunc  ager  Umbreni  sub  nomine,  nuper  Ofelli 
Dictus,  erat  nulli  proprius,  sed  cedit  in  usum 
Nunc  mihi,  nunc  aliis. 

As  he  said   then,  ager  cujus,  quot  habes  dominos  ?  so  say  I 
of  land,  houses,  moveables,  and  mony.  mine  to  day,  his  anon, 
whose  to  morrow?      In  fine  (as  '  3Iaehiavel  observes)  vertue 
and  prosperitj/ beget  rest  ;  rest,  idleness;  idleness,  riot ;  riot, 
destruction  :  from  rrhich  ice  come  again  to  good  Inwes  ;  good 
lawes    engender  vertuons  actions ;  vertue,    glorie  and  pro- 
sperity;  and  ^tis  no  dishonour  then  (as  *^Gucciardine  adds)  /or 
ajlourisliing  man,  city,  or  estate,  to  come  to  mine,  nor  infelicitie 
to  be  subject  to  the  law  of  nature.      Ergo  terrena  calcanda, 
sitienda  coelestia;  therefore  (I  say)  scorn  this  transitory  state; 
look  up  to  heaven  ;  think  not  what  others  are,  but  what  thou 
art:  ^  qua  parte  locatus  es  in  re;  and  what  thou  shalt   be, 
what  thou  mayst  be.     Do  (I  say)  as  Christ  himself  did,  when 
he  lived  here  on  earth  ;  imitate  him  as  much  as  in  thee  lies. 
How   many  great  Caesars,  mighfy  monarches,  tetraches,  dy- 
nastes,  princes,  lived  in  his  dayes  !  in  what  plentie,  what  deli- 
cacie,  how  bravely  attended,  what  a  deal  of  gold  and  silver, 
what  treasure,  how  many  sumptuous  palaces  had  they!  what 
provinces  and  cities,  ample  territories,  tields,  rivers,  fountains, 
parkes,  forrests,  lawnes,  woods,  celles,&c.!    Yet  Christ  had 
none  of  all  this;  he  would  have  none  of  this;  he  voluntarily 
rejected  all  this;  he  could  not  be  ignorant,  he  conid  noterrein 
his  choice;  he  contennied  all  this;  he  chose  tiiat  which  was 
safer,  better,and  more  certaine,  and  lesse  to  be  repented,  a  mean 

»Reade  the  story  at  large  in  John  Fox  his  Acts  and  JMonuments.  Hor.  Sat.  2. 

ser.  lib.  '2.  i;5  piorent  hi«t.     Virtus  quieli  m  parit.  qiiies  otium,  ofiDni  [jorro  hixiim 

generat,  luxus  iteritum,  aquo  interum  ad  saluberrimas,  8cc.  <l  Guicciardia.  Nulla 

/nfelicitas  nubjettnm  esse  legi  naturse.  &c.  «^Per8im. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  33 

estate,  even  povertie  itself;  and  why  dost  thou  then  doubt  to 
follow  liim,  to  irnitale  him,  and  his  apostles,  to  imitate  all  good 
men?  So  doe  thou  tread  in  his  divine  steps,  and  thou  shalt  not 
erre  eternally,  as  too  many  worldlings  doe,  that  runne  on  in 
their  own  dissolute  courses,  to  their  confusion  and  ruine:  thou 
shall  not  doe  amisse.  Whatsoever  thy  fortune  is,  be  contented 
with  it;  trust  in  him;  relie  on  him;  refer  thyselfe  wholly  to 
him.  For  know  this,  in  conclusion :  non  est  volentis  nee  cur- 
rentis  sed  miserent'ts  Dei ;  'tis  not  as  men,  but  as  God  will. 
The  Lord  viaketh  poor  andmalcpfh  rich,  hringeth  lore,  and  ex- 
alteth  (I  Sam.  2.  ver.  7,  8):  helifteth  the  poor  from  the  dust, 
and  raiseth  the  berjqer  J'rom  the  dunyhill,  to  set  them  amongst 
princes,  and  make  them  inherit  the  seat  oj' glory  ;  'tis  all  as  he 
pleaseth,  how,  and  when,  and  whom;  he  that  appoints  the 
end  (though  to  us  unknown),  appoints  the  meanes  likewise 
subordinate  to  the  end. 

Yea,  but  their  present  estate  crucifies  and  torments  most 
mortal  1  men  ;  they  have  no  such  forecHst  to  see  what  may  be, 
what  shall  likely  be,  but  what  is,  though  not  wherefore,  or 
from  whom:  hoc  anrjit;  their  present  misfortunes  grinde  their 
soules,  and  an  envious  eye  which  they  cast  upon  other  mens 
prosperities: 

Vicinumque  pecus  grandius  uber  habet : 
how  rich,  how  fortunate,  how  happy  is  he  !  But  in  the  mean 
time  he  doth  not  consider  the  otfiers  miseries,  his  infirmities 
of  body  and  minde,  that  accompany  his  estate,  but  still  re- 
flects upon  his  own  false  conceived  woes  and  wants  ;  whereas, 
it'  the  matter  were  duely  examined,  "he  is  in  no  distresse  at 
all,  he  hath  no  cause  to  complain. 

■ **  telle  querelas  ; 

Pauper  enim  non  est,  cui  rerum  suppetit  usus: 

he  is  not  poore;  he  is  not  in  need.  '^Nature  is  content  with 
bread  and  icater ;  and  he  that  can  rest  satisjied  with  that  may 
contend  with  Jupiter  himself' for  happiness.  In  that  g-oldeu  age, 

''  Somnos  dedit  umbra  salubres, 
Portura  quoque  lubricus  amnis; 

the  trees  gave  wholsome  shade  to  sleep  under,  and  the  clear 
rivers  drink.  The  Israelites  drank  water  in  the  wildernesse; 
Sampson,  David,  Saul,  Abrahams  servant  when  he  went  for 
Isaacs  wife,  the  Samaritan  women,  and  how  many  besides 
might  1  reckon  up,  iEgypt,  Palgestina,  whole  countries  in 
the  *  Indies,  that  drink  pure  water  all  their  lives.     *The  Per- 

»Omnes  divites,  qui  coelo  et  terra  frui  po?sunt.  •»  Hor.  lib.  1.  epist  12. 

<^  Seneca,  epist.  15.  Panem  et  aquain  natura  desiderat ;  et  hsec  qui  habet,  ipso  cntn 
Jove  de  felicitate  coatendat.  Cibus  simplex  faniem  sedat,  vestis  tenuis  irigus  arcet 
Senec.  epist.  8.  •^  Boethius.  «  Mdfiaus  et  alii.  f_Brissonius.    . 

VOL.  II.  D 


34  Cure  of  Mdanchuly.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

siaii  kings  tbeinselves  drimk  no  other  drink  then  the  water 
of  Choaspis,  that  runs  by  Siisa,  which  was  carried  in  bottles 
after  them,  whithersoevei'  they  went.  Jacob  desired  no  more 
of  God,  but  bread  to  eat,  and  clothes  to  put  on  in  his  journey 
(Gen.  28.  20). 

Bene  est,  cui  Deus  obtulit 

Parca,  quod  satis  est,  manu  : 

bread  is  enong"h  ^to  strerif/theti  tlip.  heart.  And  if  yovi  study 
philosophy  arioijt,  saith  ^  3Iadaurensis,  whatsoever  is  beifond 
this  moderation,  is  not  usej'ull,  hut  troublesome.  '^Agellius 
(out  of  Euripides)  accounts  bread  and  water  enough  to  satisfie 
nature,  of  which  there  in  no  surfeit:  the  rest  is  not  a  feast, 
but  ryot.  '^  S^  Hieronie  esteems  !iim  rich,  that  hath  bread 
to  eat,  and  a  potent  man  that  is  not  compelled  to  be  a  slave: 
hunger  is  not  ambitiojis,  so  that  it  have  to  eat ;  and  thirst  doth 
not  prefer  a  cup  of  rjold.  It  was  no  Epicurean  speech  of  an 
Epicure — He  that  is  not  satisfied  with  a  little,  will  never  have 
enough;  and  very  good  counsell  of  him  in  the  *  poet,  O  my 
Sonne,  mediocritie  of  meanes  agrees  best  icith  men :  too  much  is 
pernicious. 

Divitise  srandes  homini  sunt  vivere  parce, 

/Equo  animo  : 

and  if  thou  canst  be  content,  thou  hast  abundance;  nihil  est, 
nihil  deest ;  thou  hast  little,  thou  wantest  nothing.  'Tis  all 
one  to  be  hanged  in  a  chain  of  gold,  or  in  a  rope;  to  be  filled 
with  dainties  or  courser  meat. 

^Si  ventri  bene,  si  lateri,  pedibusque  tuis,  nil 
Divitite  poterunt  re^^ales  addere  majus. 
If  belly,  sides,  and  feet,  be  well  at  ease, 
A  princes  treasure  can  thee  no  more  please. 

Socrates  in  a  fair,  seeing  so  many  things  bought  and  sold,  such 
a  multitude  of  people  convented  to  iliat  purpose,  exclaimed 
forthwith,  O  ye  yods  !  tchat  a  sight  of  things  doe  not  I  tcant! 
'Tis  thy  want  alone  that  keepes  thee  in  health  of  body  and 
minde;  and  that  which  thoupersecutcstandabhorrest,asaferall 
plague,  is  thy  physician  '-'andchiefest  friend,  which  makes  thee 
a  good  man,  an  healthfull,  a  sound,  a  vcrtuous,  an  honest,  and 
happy  man.  For,  when  Vertue  came  from  heaven  (as  the  poet 
faines)  rich  men  kicked  her  up,  wicked  men  abhorr'd  her, 

aPsal.  84.  bSi  recte  phiiosopheraini,  qiiidqiiid  apfam  moderationem 

sapergreditur,  oneri  potius  quatn  usui  est.  c  Lib.  7.  l(j.     Cerens  inunuu 

et  aquse  proculum  niortales  quainint  habere,  quorum  saties  niinqnani  est;  luxus  autem 
sunt  castera,  non  epula;.  <i  Satis  est  dives,  qui  pane  non  indiget ;  nimium 

poteDs,  qui  servire  non  cogitur,     Ambitiosa  non  e.st  fames,  &:c,  ^  Euripides, 

Menalip.  O  fili,  mediocres  divitia;  honiinibus  conveqiunt,  niniia  vero  mold's  perniciosa. 
^  Hor.  s  O  noctes  ca-naeque  Devhb. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  S5 

courtiers  scoffed  at  her,  citizens  haled  her,  *and  that  she  was 
thrust  out  of  doors  in  every  p'ace,  she  came  at  last  to  her  sister 
Poverty,  where  she  had  found  good  entertainment.  Poverty 
and  vertue  dwell  togetlier. 

• b  O  vitss  tuta  facultas 

Pauperis,  angustique  lares  !  o  munera  nondum 
Intellecta  Detlm ! 
How  happy  art  thou  if  thou  couldst  be  content!  Godlinesse  is 
great  gain,  if  a  man  can  be  content  with  that  tvhich  he  hath 
(1  Tim.  6.6):  and  all  true  happiness  is  in  a  mean  estate.  I 
have  little  wealth,  as  he  said,  "sed  quas  animus  magnasfacity  a 
kingdom  in  conceit: 

••nil  amplius  opto, 

Maia  nate,  nisi  ut  propria  hfEC  raihi  munera  faxis ; 
I  have  enough  and  desire  no  more. 

e  Di  bene  fecerunt,  inopis  me  quodque  pusilli 
Feceruiit  animi: 

'tis  very  well,  and  to  my  content.  ^  Vestem  etfortunam  con- 
chinam  potius  qiiam  laxamprobo  :  let  my  fortune  and  my  gar- 
ments be  both  alike,  fit  for  me.  And,  which  s  Sebastian 
Foscarinus,  sometime  duke  of  Venice,  caused  to  be  engraven 
on  his  tomb  in  S'  Markes  church,  Flear^  O  ye  Venetians,  and 
I  icill  tell  you  ichiehis  the  best  thing  in  the  world:  to  contemne 
it — I  will  engrave  it  in  my  heart ;  it  shall  be  my  whole  studie 
to  contemne  it.  Let  tlieni  take  wealth  (Stercora  stercus  amet,) 
so  that  I  may  have  security ;  bene  qui  latuit,  bene  vixit  ; 
though  1  live  obscure,  ''yetl  live  clean  and  honest;  and  when 
as  the  lofty  oke  is  blown  down,  the  silly  reed  may  stand.  Let 
them  take  glory,  for  that's  their  misery;  let  them  take  honour, 
so  that  I  may  have  hearts  ease.  Dnc  me,  O  Jupiter^  et  tu 
fatum;  Sj-c.  Lead  me,  O  God,  whither  thou  wilt ;  I  am  ready 
to  follow ;  command,  I  will  obey.  I  do  not  en  vie  at  their 
wealth,  titles,  offices  y 

Stet,  quicunqiie  volet  potens 
Aulce  cubiiine  lubrico : 
Me  dulcis  saturet  quies  : 

let  me  live  quiet  and  at  ease.     ^  Erimus  fbrtasse,  (as  he  com- 


» Per  mille  fraades  doctosque    dolos  ejicitur ;    apud  sociam  paupertatem  ejusque 
caltores  diverteus,  in  eorura  simi  et  tutela  delicialiir.  bLucan.  ""Lip. 

miscell.  ep.  40.  <i  Hor.  Sat.  6.  lib.  3.  «  Hor.  Sat.  4.  fApuleius.  e  Chytreus, 
in  Europas  deliciis.  Accipite,  cives  Veneti,  quod  est  optimum  in  rebns  hnmanis,  res 
huroanas  contemnere.  ^Vah  !  vivere  etiam  nunc  lubet,  as  Demea  said^ 

Adelph.  Act.  4. — Quam  multis  non  egeo  !  quara  multa  nondesidero!  ut  Socrates  in 
pompa,  ille  innundinis.  '  Epictetus,  77.  cap.     Quo  sum  destinatus,  et  seqnar 

alacriter.  kPuteamis,  ep.  52. 

d2 


86  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

forfed  himself)  quando  illi  non  erunt:  when  they  are  dead  and 
gone,  and  all  their  pomp  vanished,  our  memory  may  flourish  : 


dant  perennes 


Stemmata  non  peritura  Musse. 

Let  liim  be  my  lord,  patron,  baron,  earl,  and  possesse  so  many 
goodly  castles  :  'tis  well  for  me  ''that  I  have  a  poor  house,  and 
a  little  wood,  and  a  well  by  it,  &c. 

His  me  consolor,  victurum  suavius,  ac  si 

Quaestor  avus,  pater  atque  meus,  patruusque  fuissent. 

I  live  (I  thank  God)  as  merrily  as  he,  and  triumph  as  much  in 
this  my  mean  estate,  as  if  my  father  and  uncle  had  been  lord 
treasurer,  or  my  lord  maior.  He  feeds  of  many  dishes,  I  of 
one  :  "  cpii  CltrUtiim  curat,  non  muftum  curat  qnam  depretiosis 
cibis  sfercus  covjiciat :  what  care  I  of  what  stufte  my  excre- 
ments be  made?  '^  He  that  lives  accordinr/  to  nature,  cannot  he 
poor  ;  and  he  that  exceeds,  can  never  have  enour/h  :  totns  non 
sufficit  orbis  ;  the  whole  world  cannot  give  him  content.  ^ 
small  thiufi  that  the  rufhteous  hath,  is  better  than  the  riches  of 
the  unijodly  (Psal.  87.  19) ;  and  better  is  a  poor  morsell  with 
quietnesse,  then  abundance  with  strife  (Prov.  17.  7). 

Be  content  then  ;  enjoy  thyself,  and,  as  ^Chrysostome  ad- 
viseth,  be  not  angry  for  what  thou  hast  not^  but  give  God 
hearty  thanks  for  what  thou  hast  received. 

f  Si  dat  oluscula 
Mensa  minuscula 

Pace  referta, 
Ne  pete  grandia, 
Lautaque  prandia, 

Lite  repleta. 

But  whatwantest  thou?  (to  expostulate  the  iriatter)  or  what  hast 
thou  not  better  than  a  rich  man?  ^ Health,  competent  wealthy 
children,  securitie,  sleep,  friends,  libertie,  diet,  apparell,  and 
what  not  9  or  at  least  maist  have  (the  means  being  so  obvious, 
easie,  and  >vell  known)  :  for,  as  he  inculcated  to  himself, 


«  RlaniUns.  ^Hac  erat  in  votis,  modus  agri  non  i*a  parvns,  Hortns 

vh\,  el  tecto  vicinus  jagis  aquas  fons,  Et  paiilinm  sylvaj,  Scr.  Hor.  Sat.  6.  lib.  2.  Ser. 
cHieronym.  •' Seneca,  consil.  ad  Albinnm,  c.  11.     Qui  continet  se  intra 

naturic  limites.  panperfateni  non  sentit;  qui  excedit,  enm  in  opibiis  panperlas  sequitiir. 
c  Hem  12.  Pro  his  qiueaccepisti,  eratias  age  ;  noli  indicnari  pro  his  qnse  non  accepisti. 
'Nat.  Chytrem,  deliciis  Europ.  Gustonii  in  aedibus  Hultianis  in  coenaculo  e  regione 
mensoe.  eQuid  non  habet  melius  pauper  quam  dives?  vitam,  vnletiidioem, 

cibum,  somnum,  libertatpm,  iiC.     Card, 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  37 

a  Vitam  quse  faciunt  beatiorem, 

Jucundissime  Martialis,  hgec  sunt; 

Res,  non  parta  labore,  sed  relicta, 

Lis  nunquam,  &c. 
T  say  a«rain,thou  bast,  or  at  least  maist  have  it,  if  thou  wilt  thy 
self,  and  that  which  1  am  sure  he  wants,  a  men-y  heart.  Pass- 
ing by  a  vilkiqe  in  the  territorie  ofJIifkni,  ^-saith  S^  Austin, 
I  saw  a  poor  bec/r/er  that  had  got,  bef  ike,  his  belly  full  of  meat^ 
jesting  and  mern/.  J  sighed,  and  said  to  some  of  rnxj  j'riends 
that  tcere  then  icith  me,  what  a  deal  of  trouble,  madness,  pain^ 
and  grief,  do  tcesustain  andexaggerate  unto  ourselves,  to  get  that 
secure  happiness  xchich  this  poor  begger  hath  prevented  us  of 
and  which  ice  peradventure  shallnever  have  ?  For  that  which 
he  hath  now  attained  with  the  begging  of  some  small  piece  of 
silver,  a  temporall  happinesse,  and  present  hearts  ease,  I  cannot 
compass  with  all  mg  careful  windings,  and  running  in  and  out. 
''And  surelg  the  begger  was  verg  merry  ;  but  I  was  heavy:  he 
was  secure,  but  I  was  timorous.  And  if  any  man  should  ask  me 
note,  whether  I  had  rather  be  merry,  or  still  so  solicitous  and 
sad,  I  should  say,  merry.  If  he  should  ash  me  again,  re  h  ether  I 
had  rather  be  as  I  am,  or  as  thi?  beggar  teas,  I  should  surely 
choose  to  be  as  1  am,  tortured  still  icith  cares  and  fears  ;  biit 
out  of  peevishness,  and  not  out  of  truth.  That  which  S*  Austin 
saidof  himself  here  in  this  place,  1  may  say  to  thee  :  fhou  dis- 
contented wretch,  thou  covetous  niggard,  ihou  churl,  thou 
ambitious  and  swelling-  toad,  'tis  not  want,  but  peevishness, 
■which  is  the  cause  of  thy  woes:  settle  thine  afiection  :  thou 
hast  enough. 

^  Denique  sit  finis  quaerendi,  quoque  habeas  plus, 
Pauperiem  metuas  minus.,  et  finere  laborem 
Incipias  ;  parte,  quod  avebas,  utere. 

Make  an  end  of  scraping,  purchasing  this  manor,  this  field, 
that  house,  for  this  and  that  child  ;  thou  hast  enough  for  thy 
self  and  them ; 

e  Quod  petis,  hie  est, 

Est  Ulubris,  animus  si  te  non  deficit  sequus  : 

'Tis  at  hand,  at  home  already,  Mhich  thou  so  earnestly  seekest. 
But 

aMartial.  1.  10.  epig.  4".     Read  it  out  thyself  in  the  author.  ^  Confess,  lib.  6. 

Transiens  per  viciim  quemdam  MedioianeDsera,  animadvert!  panperem  qnemdatn  men- 
dicum,  jam  credo  satarum,  jocanteni  atqne  ridentem,  et  iugeniui,  et  locutHs  sum  cum 
amicis  qui  niecnm  erant,  &c.  ^  Et  certe  ille  laetabatur,  e:io  ansiiis :  securus  ille, 

ego  trepidus.  Et  si  percrontaretnr  me  qiiispiam,  an  exoltare  maliem,  an  metuere,  re- 
spondtrem,  exsultare  :  etsi  rursus  interrogaret,  an  ego  talis  essem,  an  qualis  nunc 
sum,  me  ipsam  curis  confectum  eliserem;  sed  penersitate,  non  »eritate,  ^  nor. 

«Hor.  ep.  lib.  1. 


Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 


-O  !  si  anffulus  ille 


Proximus  accedat,  qui  nunc  denormat  agellum  ! 

O!  that  1  had  but  that  one  nook  of  ground,  that  field  there, 
that  pasture! 

O !  si  venam  ar^enti  fors  qua  milii  monstref. 

O!  that  I  could  but  finde  a  pot  of  mony  now,  to  purchase,  &c. 
to  builde  me  a  new  house,  fo  uiarry  my  daui^hlcr,  j)lace  my 
son,  &c.  **  O  /  if  f  mif/fif  hut  live  a  irhile  Unujor,  to  hop  all 
thirir/s  settled,  some  tiro  or  three  year  ;  I  ironld  pa}f  my  debts, 
make  all  my  reckonini^s  even;  but  they  are  cx)iiie  and  pj\st,  and 
thou  hast  more  business  than  before.  O  madness!  to  think 
to  settle  that  in  thine  old  aye,  tchen  thou  hast  more,  which  in 
thrf  youth  thou  canst  not  now  compose,  haviny  hut  a  little. 
''Pyrrhus  would  first  conquer  Africk,  and  then  Asia,  et  turn 
suaviter  ayere,  and  then  live  merrily,  and  take  his  ease;  but, 
when  Cineas  the  orator  told  hiin  ho  might  do  that  already,  id 
jam  posse  fieri ^  rested  satisfied,  condenuiing-  his  own  folly.  Si 
parra  licet  componere  mnyni»,  thou  maist  do  the  like,  and 
therefore  be  composed  in  thy  fortune.  Thou  hav*^  enough;  he 
that  is  wet  in  a  bath,  can  bo  no  more  wet,  if  he  be  ilung  into 
Tiber,  or  into  the  ocean  it  self:  and  if  thou  hadst  all  the 
■world,  or  a  solid  masse  of  gold  as  big  as  the  world,  thou  canst 
not  have  more  than  enough:  enjoy  thyself  at  length,  and  that 
which  thou  hast;  the  minde  is  all  :  be  content ;  thou  r.rt  not 
poor,  but  rich,  and  so  much  the  richer,  as  "  Censorinus  well 
M'rit  toCerellius,  quanta pauciora  opias.  non  quo  plnra possides, 
in  wishing  less,  not  having  more.  I  say  then,  non  adjice 
opes,  sed  minue  cupiditates  ("tis  '•  Epicurus  advice) ;  adde  no 
more  wealth,  l)ut  diminish  thy  desires;  and,  as  ^Chrysosfome 
well  seconds  him,  si  vis  ditari,  contemne  divitias,  that's  true 
plenty,  not  to  have,  but  not  to  want  ricl.es :  non  habere, 
sed  non  indiyere,  vera  ahundantia  ;  'tis  more  glory  to  con- 
temne, then  to  possesse;  et  nihil  eyere,  est  Deorum,  How 
many  deaf,  dumb,  halt,  lame,  blinde,  miserable  persons  could 
I  reckon  up,  that  are  poor,  and  withal"  distressed,  in  impri- 
sonment, banishment,  gally-slaves,  condemned  lo  the  mines, 
quarries,  to  gives,  in  dungeons,  perpetuall  thraldonie,  then  all 


»0  I  si  none  morerer,  infiiiit,  fpianta  et  ^iiHl'm  niilii  im|if-rf<  rb  niaiindit ;  std  si  nien- 
sibus  decern  vel  octo  snpervixcro,  oninia  reciigani  ad  libellhiii;  tili  oiiini  debito  credi- 
toque  me  eiplicabo.  Priftercunt  interim  menses  decern  ct  orto,  et  cum  litis  aiiiii,  et 
adliuc  restant  plura  qnam  prius.  Qnid  igitnr  spcrus,  •>  insBne,  tinemj  ijiiem  rebuo  tuis 
non  inveneras  in  jiiventa,  in  senerta  iin|)ositnnim  V  O  denit  nfiani !  qtium  oh  rtn^g-et 
negotia  too  jadicio  sis  infelix,quid  putas  fiittiriim,  <|nnm  pliirH  suiH-rennt  ?  CnrdaD.Iib. 
9,.  cap.  40.  de  rer.  var.  f^Plntarch.  'Lib.  de  nntali.  tap.  1.  d^pad 

8tobaum,  ser.  17.  •  Hom.  12.  in  2  Cor  fi, 


Mem.  S.J  Remedies  against  Discontents.  39 

which  thou  art  richer,  thou  art  more  happy,  to  whom  thou 
art  able  to  give  an  almes,  a  lord,  in  respect,  a  petty  prince  : 
"be  contented  then,  I  say;  repine  and  nmtter  no  more  ;  Jor 
thou  art  not  poor  in  deed,  but  in  opinion. 

Yea,  but  this  is  very  good  counsel!,  and  rightly  applied  to 
such  as  have  it,  and  will  not  use  it,  that  have  a  competency, 
that  are  able  to  work  and  get  their  living  by  the  sweat  of  their 
browes,  by  their  trade,  that  have  something  yet:  he  that  hath 
birds,  may  catch  birds:  but  what  shall  we  do  that  are  slaves 
by  nature,  impotent,  and  unable  to  help  ourselves,  meer  beg- 
gers,  that  languish  and  pine  away,  (hat  have  no  means  at  all, 
no  hope  of  means,  no  trust  of  delivery,  or  of  better  successe? 
as  those  old  Britans  complained  to  their  lords  and  masters  the 
Romans,  oppressed  by  the  Picts,  mare  ad  barbaros,  barbari  ad 
mare;  the  barbarians  drove  them  to  the  sea,  the  sea  drove 
them  back  to  the  barbarians  ;  our  present  misery  compels  us 
to  cry  out  and  howl,  to  make  our  moan  (o  rich  men  ;  they  turn 
us  back  with  a  scornful  answer  to  our  misfortune  again,  and 
will  take  no  pity  of  us;  they  commonly  overlooke  their  poor 
friends  in  adversity  ;  if  they  chance  to  meet  them,  they  volun- 
tarily forget  and  will  take  no  notice  of  them ;  they  Mill  not, 
they  cannot  help  us.  Insteed  of  comfort,  they  threaten  us, 
miscall,  scoffe  at  us,  to  aggravate  our  misery, give  us  bad  lan- 
guage; or,  if  they  do  give  good  words,  what's  that  torelieve 
us  ?  According  to  that  oi  Thales,  Jcicile  est  alios  monere;  who 
cannot  give  good  counsell?  'tis  cheap  ;  it  costs  them  nothing. 
It  is  an  easie  matter,  when  ones  belly  is  full, todeclameagalnst 
feasting: 

Qui  satur  est,  pleno  laudat  jejunia  ventre. 

Doth  the  uilde  asse  braye  when  he  hath  grasse,  or  loweth  the 
oxe  tchen  he  hath  Jodder  ?  (Job,  6",  5).  ^  J^eifue  cnim  popido 
Romano  (/nidquam  potest  esse  latins :  no  man  living  so  jocond, 
so  merry  as  the  people  of  liome  when  they  had  plenty ;  but 
when  they  came  to  want,  to  he  hanger-starved,  neither  shame, 
nor  lawes,  nor  amies  nor  maf/istraies,  could  keep  them  in  obe- 
dience. "^Seneca  pleadeth  hard  for  poverty;  and  so  did  those 
lazie  philosophers:  but  inthe  mean  time  he  was  rich;  they  had 
wherewithall  to  maintain  themselves  ;  but  doth  any  poor  man 
extoll  it?  There  are  those  (saith  ^  Bernard)  that  approve  of  a 
mean  estate,  but  on  condition  theij  never  want  themselves; 
and  some  again  are  meek  so  long  cw  they  may  say  or  do  what 

» Non  in  paupertate,  sed  in  panpere  (Seneca)  :  non  re,  sed  opinicne,  laboras. 
^  Vopiscus,  in  Aureliano.  Sed  si  populus  famelicus  inedia  laboret,  cec  arnia,  leges, 
pudor,  ma^stratus,  coereere  valent.  ^One  of  the  richest  men  in  Rome. 

°  Serm.  Qoidam  sunt,  qoi  pauperes  esse  volcmt,  ita  nt  ni'ail  illis  desit ;  sic  coramen- 
dant,  nt  nullam  patiantar  inopiain  ;  sunt  et  alii  mites,  quamdiu  dicitur  et  agitur  ad  eorTira 
arbitrinm.  8l-c. 


40  Cure  of  Melancholy,         [Part.  ?.  Sec.  5. 

they  list;  hut^  if  occasion  he  offered,  hmc  far  are  they  from  all 
patience?  I  would  to  Go(l  (as  lie  said)  ''no  man  slionld com- 
mend poverties  hut  he  that  is  poor,  or  he  that  so  much  admires 
it,  would  relieve,  help,  or  ease  others. 

*»  Nunc,  si  nos  audis,  atq\ie  es  divinus,  Apollo, 
Dicmihi,  qui  nummos  noii  hahet,  unde  petat : 
Now  if  thou  hear'st  us,  and  art  a  good  man, 
Tell  him  that  wauls,  to  get  means,  if  you  ran. 
But  no  man  hears  us:  we  are  most  miserably  dejected,  the 
skumme  of  the  world. 

cVix  liabet  in  nobis  jam  novaplaga  locum, 
We  can  get  no  relief,  no  comfort,  no  succour; 

•  "^Et  nihil  inveni  quod  mihi  ferret  opcm. 
We  have  tried  all  means,  yet  finde  no  remedy:  no  man  living 
can  express  the  anguish  and  bitterness  of  our  souls,  but  we 
that  endure  it;  we  are  distressed,  forsaken,  in  torture  of  body 
and  mind,  in  another  hell  :  and  what  shall  we  do?  When 
"Crassus,  the  Roman  consul,  warred  against  the  Parthians, 
after  an  unlucky  battell  fought,  hefled  away  infhe  night,  and 
left  four  thousand  men  sore  sick  an<I  wounded  in  his  tents,  to 
thefurie  of  the  enemie  ;  wdiich  when  the  poor  men  perceived, 
clamoribns  et  nlulatihns  omnia  compltrvnt,  they  made  lament- 
able moan,and  roared  down  right,  as  lowd  as  Homers  Mars  when 
he  was  hurt,  which  the  noise  of  10000  men  could  not  drown, 
and  all  for  fear  of  present  death.  But  oures(a(e  is  farre  more 
tragicall  and  miserable,  much  more  to  be  fleplorod;  and  far 
greater  cause  have  we  to  lament :  the  devil  and  the  world 
persecute  us;  all  good  fortune  hath  forsaken  us  ;  we  are  left 
totherageof  beggery,  cold,  hunger,  thirst,  nastiness. sickness, 
irksornness,  to  continuall  torment. labour  and  pain,  to  derision 
and  contempt,  bitter  enemies  all,  and  far  worse  then  any 
death:  death  alone  we  desire,  death  we  seek,  yet  cannot  have 
it;  and  what  shall  we  do? 

Quod  male  fers,  assuesce,  feres  bene 

accustome  thyself  to  it,  and  it  will  be  tolerable  at  last.     Yea 
but  1  may  not,  I  cannot : 

In  me  consurapsit  vires  fortuna  nocendo  ; 
I  am  in  the  extremitie  of  humane  adversitie:  and,  as  a  shadow 
leaves  the  body  when  the  sun  is  gone,  1  am  now  left  and  losf, 
and  quite  forsaken  of  the  world. 

Qui  jacet  in  terra^  non  habet  unde  cadat: 

'   »  Nemo  paupertatem  commendaret,  nisi  paop^r.        b  Petronias,  Catalec         'Orid, 
*Ovid.  «  Piolarrh.  vit.  Crassi. 


Mem-  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  41 

comfort  thy  self  with  this  yet,  thou  art  at  the  worst:  and,  be- 
fore it  be  long,  it  will  either  overcome  thee,  or  thou  it.  If  it 
be  violent,  it  cannot  endure;  aut  solvetur,  aut  solvet.  Let  the 
devil  himself,  and  all  the  plagues  of  Egypt,  come  upon  thee 
at  once, 

Ne  tu  cede  malls,  sed  contra  audentior  ito: 

be  of  good  courage  ;  misery  is  vertues  whetstone. 


serpens,  sitis,  ardor,  arena?, 


Dulcia  virtuti, 

as  Cato  told  his  souldiers  marching  in  the  desarts  of  Libya  ; 
thirst,  heat,  sands,  serpents,  were  pleasant  (o  a  valiant  man  ; 
honourable  enterprisesare  accompanied  with  dangers  and  dam- 
mages,  as  experience  evinceth  :  they  will  make  the  rest  of  thy 
liferellish  the  better.  But  put  case  ihey  continue;  thou  art  not 
so  poor  as  tliou  wast  born  ;  and,  as  some  hold,  much  better  to 
be  pittied  then  envied.  But  be  it  so  tliou  hast  lost  all,  poor 
thou  art,  dejected,  in  pain  of  body,  grief  of  mind,  thine  ene- 
mies insult  over  thee,  thou  art  as  bad  as  Job;  yet  tell  nie  (saith 
Chrysostome)  was  Job  or  the  devil  the  greater  conf/?iero7tr  ? 
surely  Job.  The  ^  devil  had  his  goods :  he  safe  on  the  muck- 
ML  and  kept  his  good  name ;  he  lost  his  children,  health, 
friends  ;  but  he  kept  his  inuocencg :  he  lost  his  moneg  ;  but  he 
kept  his  confidence  in  God,  irhich  icas  better  then  any  trea- 
sure. Do  thou  then  as  Job  did,  triumph  as  Job  did,  '^aud  be 
not  molested  as  every  fool  is.  Sed  qud  ratione potero  ?  How 
shall  this  be  done?  Chrysostome  answers,  J'acile,  si  caelum 
cogitaveris,  with  great  facility,  if  thou  shalt  but  meditate  on 
heaven.  '^Hanna  wept  sore,  and,  troubled  in  mind,  could  not 
eat:  hut,  why  weepest  thou,  said  Elkanah  her  husband,  and 
why  eatest  thou  7iot  ?  ivhy  is  thine  heart  troubled  ?  am  not 
I  better  to  thee  then  ten  sons'}  and  she  was  quiet.  Thou 
art  here  vexed  *in  this  world  ;  but  say  to  thyself,  Why  art 
thou  troubled,  O  my  soule  ?  Is  not  God  better  to  thee  then  all 
temporalities,  and  momentary  pleasures  ofthe  world?  be  then 
paciiied.  And  thongh  thou  beest  now  peradventure  in  ex- 
treme want,  '^itmay  be  it  is  for  thy  further  good,  to  try  thy 
patience,  as  it  did  Jobs,  and  exercise  thee  in  this  life  :  trust  in 
God,  and  rely  upon  him,  and  thou  shalt  be  s  crowned  in  the 


a  Lucan.  lib.  9.  •>  An  quiim  super  fimo  sedit  Job.  an  cnm  omnia  abstulit  diaboliis, 

&c.  pecuniis  privatus  ficiuciam  Deo  habuit,  orani  thesaiiro  pretiosiorem.  <^  Haec 

viventessponte  philosophemini,  nee  insipientum  afl'ectibus  aptemiir.  <' 1  Sam.  1.  8. 
«  James,  1.2.  My  brethren,  count  it  an  exceeding  joy,  when  you  fall  into  divers  temp- 
tations, f  Afflictiodat  intellectum.  Quos  Deus  diJigit,  castigat.  Dens  optimum 
quemque  aut  mala  valetudine  aut  luctu  aflScit,  Seneca,  %  Quam  sordet  niihi 
terra,  qoum  coelum  intueor ! 


42  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

end.  What'.s  this  life  to  eternity  ?  The  world  hath  forsaken 
thee  ;  thy  friends  and  fortnnes  all  are  gone:  yet  know  this, that 
the  very  hairs  of  thine  head  are  numbered,  that  God  is  a 
spectator  of  all  thy  miseries;  he  sees  thy  wrongs,  woes,  and 
wants ;  "  'tis  his  r/ood  will  and  pleasure  it  should  he  so ;  and  he 
knows  better  what  is  Jar  thy  flood  then  thou  thyself.  His  pro- 
vidence is  over  all,  at  all  times  ;  he  hath  set  ayuavd  ofanaels 
over  us,  and  keeps  vs  as  the  ajtple  of  his  eye(Vs.  i  7  8).  Some 
de  doth  exalt,  prefer,  blessc  wilh  worldly  riches,  hcinours,  of- 
fices and  preferments,  as  so  many  o-Jistoiinii-  stars  he  makes 
to  shine  above  the  rest:  some  lie  (lo:h  n)iracui()iisly  profect 
from  thceves,  incursions,  sword,  fire?,  and  ail  violent  mis- 
chances :  and  as  the  'poet  fains  of  that  Lycian  Pandarus,  Ly- 
caons  son,  when  he  shot  at  JMenelaus  the  Gn-cian  with  a  strong 
arm  and  deadly  arrow,  Pallr.s,  as  a  good  mother  keeps  ilies 
from  her  childs  face  asleep,  turned  by  tlie  shaft,  and  made  it 
hit  on  the  buckle  of  his  girdle;  so  some  he  f-olicitously  defends, 
others  he  exposeth  to  danger,  poverty,  sicknobs,  Mr.nt,  mi;  ery, 
hechastiseth  and  corrects,  as  to  him  seems  best,  in  liis  deep, 
unsearchable  and  secret  judgement,  and  all  ibr  our  good. 
The  tyrant  took  the  city  ;  (saith  MJhrysosJonic)  Gcd  did  not 
hinder  it ;  led  them  away  captives,  so  God  would  have  it ;  he 
bound  them,  God  yielded  to  it :  flriny  the?n  into  the  furnace, 
God  permitted  it:  heat  the  oven  hotter,  it  was  yranted :  and 
when  the  tyrant  had  done  his  worst,  God  sherced  his  power, 
and  the  childrens  patience ;  he  freed  them:  so  can  he  thee, 
andean  help  ''in  an  instant,  when  it  seems  to  him  good.  "^  Re- 
joice not  against  me,  O  my  enemy ;  J'or  thouyh  J  Jail,  I  shall 
rise:  when  I  sit  in  darkness,  the  Lord sJiall  liyhten  me.  Re- 
member ail  those  martyrs,  Mhat  they  have  eiidured,  the  ut- 
most that  humane  rage  and  fury  coidd  invent,  m  itb  what 
'^patience  they  have  born,  with  what  willingness  en-braced  il. 
Thouyh  he  kill  me,  saith  Jol),  /  icill  trust  in  him.  Justus 
^inexpuynabilis,  as  Chrysostome  holds,  a  just  man  is  impreg- 
nable, and  not  to  be  overcome.  The  gout  may  hurt  his  hands, 
lameness  his  feet,  convulsions  may  torture  his  joynls,  but  not 
rectam  mentem  :  his  soule  his  free. 


»  Senec.  de  providenlia,  rap.  2.      Diis  ita  visum  ;  Dii  melius  norunt  quid  sit  in  com- 
roodura  meum.  t)  Horn.  Iliad.  4.  ^  Horn.  9.     Voluit  urbem  tvrannos 

evertere,  k.c.      Deus  non  prohibuit ;  voluit  captives    ducere,   non  impedivit ;  voluit 
iigare,  concessit,  &c.  ^  Psal.  113.     De  trrra  inopem,  de  stercore  erigit 

pauperem.  fMicah,  8.  7.  f  Prerne,  prerae  ;  ego,  cum  Pindaro, 

m.^aimaroi;  n/*/,  w?  ^i>\>jai  virif  a.\jjiix'  immersabilis  sum,  sicut  suber  super  maris 
septum.    Lipsius.  fHic  ure,  hie  seca,  ut  in  ;c<emiim  parcas.     Austin.     Diis 

fniitor  iratis  ;  superat  et  crescit  malis.     Mucium  ignis,  Fabricinm  paupertas,  Regolnm 
tormeDfa,  Socratem  veneDum  »Dpf rare  doo  potuit 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  43 


a nempe  pecus,  rem, 

Lectos,  argentum  tollas  licet;  in  manicis  et 
Compedibus  ssevo  teneas  custode 

^Takeaicay  his  money  ;  his  treasure  is  in  heaven  :  banish  him 
his  conntry ;  he  is  an  inhabitant  of  that  heavenly  Jerusalem: 
cast  him  into  bands  ;  his  conscience  is  free :  kill  his  body,  it 
shall  rise  ayain :  he  Jiyhts  icith  a  shad oic  that  contends  with 
an  upright  man  :  he  will  not  be  moved. 

si  fractus  illabitur  orbis, 

Impavidum  ferient  ruinae  : 

tliough  heaven  itself  should  fall  on  his  head,  he  will  not  be 
offended.  He  is  impenetrable,  as  an  anvile  hard,  as  constant 
as  Job. 

<:  Ipse  Deus,  simul  alque  volet,  me  solvet,  opinor. 

Be  thou  such  a  one ;  let  thy  misery  be  what  it  will,  what  it  can, 
with  patience  endure  it;  thou  mayst  be  restored,  as  he  was. 
Terris  proscriptus,  ad  caelum  propera  ;  ah  hoviinibns  dcsertus^ 
ad  Deunijuye.  The  poor  shall  not  alwayes  be  forgotten;  the 
patient  abiding  of  the  meek  shall  not  perishj'cr  ever  (Psal.  10. 
18.  ver.  9.)  The  Lord  will  be  a  refuge  of  the  oppressed,  and  a 
defence  in  the  time  of  trouble. 

Servus  Epictetus,  mutilati  corporis  ;   Irus 
Pauper  :  at  hsec  inter  cams  erat  Superis. 

Lame  was  Epictetus,  and  poor  Irus  ; 
Yet  to  them  both  God  was  propiliuus. 

Lodovicus  Yertomanuus,  that  famous  traveller,  indnred  much 
misery  ;  yet  surely,  saith  Scaliger,  he  was  vir  Deo  cams,  in 
that  he  did  escape  so  many  dangers;  God  especially  protected 
him,  he  Mas  dear  unto  him.  Mono  in  ege^^tate,  iribulaiione, 
convalle  deplorationis,  {yc.  Thou  art  noic  in  the  vale  of  mi- 
sery, in  poverty,  in  agony ^  '^i?i  temptation:  rest^  eternity,  hap- 
jnness,  immortality  shall  be  thy  reword,  as  Chrysoslonie 
pleads,  if  thou  trust  in  God,  and  keep  thine  innocency.  JV'on, 
si  male  nunc,  et  olim^  sic  erit  semper  ;  a  good  houre  may  come 
upon  a  sudden ;  ^  expect  a  little. 

Yea,  but  this  expectation  is  it  which  tortures  me  in  the  mean 


aHor.  epist.  18.  lib.  1.  b  Horn.  5.  Auferet  peciinias?  at  Iiabetin  coelis  ; 

patria  dejiciet?  at  in  ctelestem  civitatem  mittet:  vincula  injiciet?  at  habet  solutam 
c(>nscientiam  :  corpus  interficiet?  at  iternm  resurget.  Cum  umbra  pugnat,  qui  cnm 
justo  pngnat  (^  Leonidas.  .  ,d  Modo  inpressura,  in  tentationibos;  erit 

pQstea  bouum  (niim  requies^  aeteiDitas,  immortalitas.  ^  Dabit  Deus  bis  qnoque 


44  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

time  ;  ''Jutvracxspectans,pra:iteHtibusa)ir/or:  wliilest  tliegrass 
grows,  the  horse  starves.     ''Despair  not,  but  hope  well. 

<=  Spera,  Batte  :    tibi  melius  lux  crastina  ducet ; 
Dum  spiras,  spera 

Chear  up,  I  say,  be  notdisrnayd.  Spes  alit  aqricolas:  hclhat 
solves  in  teares,  sluill  reap  in  joy  (Psal.  ii6.  /)• 

Si  fortune  me  tourmente, 
Espcrance  me  contenie  : 

hoperefreshetli.asmucli  as  misery  depresseth:  hard  !)eii;-innin;^s 
have  many  times  prosperous  events;  and  that  may  jjappen  at 
last,  which  never  was  yet.  A  desire  accomplished  deliyhts 
the  soul,  Frov.  13.  19. 

•^  Grata  superveniet  quae  non  sperabitur,  hora. 

Which  makes  m'  enjoye  my  joys  lone;  wisliVl  at  last, 
Welcome  that  houre  shall  come  when  hope  is  past: 

a  louring  morning  may  tnrne  to  a  faire  afternoone. 

*Nube  solet  pulsS.  candidus  ire  dies. 

The  hope  that  is  def'er'd,  is  the  Jaintinr/  of  the  heart ;  hvt 
ichen  the  desire  cometh,  it  is  a  tree  of  life  (Prov.  \'3.  12)  : 
^suavissimum  est  voti  compos  fieri.  3Iariy  men  are  botli 
wretched  anri  miserable  at  first,  but  afierwards  most  happy  ; 
and  oftentimes  it  so  falls  out, as  s3Iachiavel  relates  of  (^osmusi 
Med  ices,  that  fortunate  and  renowned  citizen  of  Europe,  that 
all  his  youth  icas  full  of  perplexity,  dnuf/er,  and  misery,  till 
forty  yeares' were  past ;  and  then  upon  a  sudden  the  sun  of  his 
honour  brake  out,  a^throuyh  a  cloud.  Munniadcs  was  fetched 
out  of  prison,  and  Henry  the  third  ofPortuoall  out  of  a  poor 
monastery,  to  be  crowned  kings. 

Multa  cadunt  inter  calicem  supremaque  labra  : 

beyond  all  hope  and  expectation  many  things  fall  out ;  and 
who  kno'.vs  what  may  happen?  Jsi^ondum  omnium  dierum  soles 
occiderunt,  as  Philippussaid:  all  thesunnesare  not  yet  set;  a 
day  may  come  to  make  amends  for  all.  Thouyh  my  father  and 
mother  for  sake  me,  yet  the  Lord  will  gather  mee  up  (Tsal.  '>7. 
10).  Waite  patiently  on  the  Lord,  and  hope  in  him  (P>al. 
37.  7).     Bee  strong,  hope  and  trust  in  the  Lord;  and  he  will 


•  Seneca.  ''Nemo  desperet  meliora  lapsas.  cTheocritos.  <*  Hor. 

<Ovid.  fThales.  sLih.  7.  Flor.  hist     Omni    n  felicissimus,  et  locu- 

pletissimas,  &c.  iucarceratas  saepe  adolesceotiam  pericalo  mortis  habuit,  solicitudinis 
et  discriminifl  pleoam,  ^c. 


Mem.  3.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  45 

comfort  thee,  and  give  thee  thine  hearts  desire  (Psal.  2"/. 
vers.  14) 

Sperate,  et  vosmet  rebus  servate  secundis. 

Fret  not  thy  self  because  tliou  art  poor,  contemned,  or  not  so 
well  for  the  present  as  thoii  wonkiest  be,  not  respected  as  thou 
onuhtestto  be,  by  birth, place, worth  ;  or  that  which  is  a  double 
corrosive,  thou  hast  been  happy,  honourable  and  rich,  art  now 
distressed  and  poor,  a  scorn  of  men,  a  burden  lo  the  world, 
irksome  to  thy  self  and  others;  thou  hast  lost  all.  Miscrum 
est  Juisse  felicem,  and,  as  Boethius  cals  it,  infelicissimum  ge- 
nus infortnnii:  this  made  Timon  halfe  mad  with  melancholy, 
to  think  of  his  former  fortunes  and  present  misfortunes  ;  this 
alone  makes  many  miserable  wretches  discontent.  I  confess 
it  is  a  jvreat  misery  to  have  been  happy,  the  quintessence  of 
infelicity  to  have  been  honourable  and  rich,  but  yet  easily  to 
be  endured:  ^seciuity  succeeds,  and  to  a  judicious  man  afar 
better  estate.  The  loss  of  thy  g-oods  and  money  is  no  loss; 
^  thou  hast  lost  them  ;  they  would  otherwise  have  lost  thee.  If 
thy  money  begone,  ''thou  art  so  much  the  lighter ;  and  as 
Saint  Hierome  perswades  Rusticus  fhe  monke,  to  forsake  all 
and  follow  Christ,  gold  and  silver  are  too  heavy  metals Jor 
him  to  carry  that  seaks  heaven. 

•^   Vel  nos  in  mare  proximum 
Gummas,  et  lapides,  aurum  et  inutile, 

Sumnii  materiam  mali, 
Mittamus,  scelerurn  si  bene  poenitet. 

Zeno  the  philosopher  lost  all  his  ^oods  by  shipwrack  :  *he 
made  light  of  it :  fortune  had  done  him  a  good  turne  :  opes  a 
7?ie,  animum  auferre  non  potest :  she  can  take  away  my  means, 
but  not  my  minde.  He  set  her  at  defiance  ever  after  ;  forshe 
could  not  rob  him  that  had  naught  to  lose  :  for  he  was  able 
to  contemn  more  then  they  could  possess  or  desire.  Alex- 
ander sent  an  hundred  talents  of  gold  to  Phocion  of  Athens 
for  a  present,  because  he  heard  he  was  a  good  man  :  but 
Phocion  returned  his  talents  back  again,  with  a  permitte  me 
in  posterum  virum  honum  esse,  to  be  a  good  man  still,  let  me 
be  as  I  am  : 

Non  mi  aurum  posco,  nee  mi  pretium 

That  Theban  Crates  flungof  his  own  accord  his  money  into  the 
sea ;  abite,  nummi :  ego  vos  mergam,  ne  mergar  a  vohis  ;   I  had 


^La-tior  successit   secnritas,  quae  simni  cum  divitiis  cohabitare   nescit      Camden. 
bPecuniamperdidisti:  fortassis  ilia  te  perderet  manens.     Seneca.  cExpeditior 

es  ob  pecuniarnm  jacturam.      Fortuna  opes  auferre,   non  animum  potest,      Seneca. 
^Hor.  eJubet  me  posthac  fortuna  expeditius  philosophari. 


4(>  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

rather  drown  you, then  you  should  drowunie.  CanStoickfiand 
Epicures  thus  contemn  wealth,  and  shall  not  we  that  are  Chris- 
tians ?  It  was  niascula  vox  et praclura,  a  generous  speech  of 
Cotta  in  'Sallust,  Mann  miseries  have  happened  nnto  me  at 
home,  and  In  the  wars  abroad,  of  which,  by  the  help  of  Gody 
some  I  have  endured,  some  I  have  repelled,  and  by  mine  own 
valovr  overcome:  co?ira(/e  was  never  wantiny  to  my  desiynes, 
nor  industry  to  my  intent's :  prosperity  or  adversity  could  never 
alter  my  disposiiion.  A  vvise  ujnn's  niinde,  as  Seneca  holds, 
^  is  like  the  state  of  the  world  above  the  moon,  ever  serene. 
Conie  then  what  can  come,  befall  what  niay  befail,  infractum 
inmctumqne  '  animitm  opponas  : 

Rebus  angnstis  animosus  atque 
Fortis  appare.         (Hor.  Od.  11.  lib.  2.) 
Hope  and  patience  are  two  soveraigne  remedies  for  all,  the 
surest  reposals,  the  softest  cusiiioiis  to  lean  on  in  adversity ; 

''  Durum  :  sed  levius  fit  paticntia, 
Quidquid  corrigere  est  nefas. 

If  it  cannot  be  helped,  or  amended,  <=  make  the  best  of  it:  hie- 
cessitaiiqni  se  accommodnt,sapit ;  he  is  wise  that  suits  himself 
to  the  time.  As  at  a  ganje  at  tables,  so  do  by  all  such  inevita- 
ble accidents. 

?  Ita  vita  est  hominum,  quasi  cum  ludas  tesseris, 
Si  illud,  quod  maxiine  opus  est  jactu,  non  cadit, 
Illud  quod  cecidit  forte,  id  arte  ut  coorrigas  : 

if  thou  canst  not  fling  what  thou  wouldest,  play  thy  cast  as 
well  as  thou  canst.  Every  thing,  saith  ''Epictetus,  hath  two 
handles,  the  one  to  be  held  by,  the  other  not :  'tis  in  our  choice 
to  take  and  leave  whether  we  will  (all  which  Simplicius,  his 
commentator,  hatlj  illustrated  by  many  examples);  and  'tis  in 
our  own  power,  as  they  say,  to  make  or  mar  ourselves.  Con- 
forme  thy  self  then  to  thy  present  fortune,  and  cut  thy  coat 
according  to  ihy  cloth:  hit  quimus,  {qvodaiunt)  quando,  quod 
volumus,  non  licet:  be  contented  with  thy  lot,  state,  and  call- 
ing, whatsoever  it  is;  and  rest  as  well  satisfied  with  thy  pre- 
sent condition  in  this  life  : 


a  In  frag.  Quirites,  multa  milii  periciila  doini,  militioe  niulta  adversa  fnere,  quorum 
alia  toleravi,'  alia  Deoruui  auxilio  repuli  et  \irtiite  luea  •.  niiiiqiiam  anirau;  uegotio 
defuit,  nee  decretis  labor  ;  nnlla;  res  nee  prospers  nee  adversa;  iiigenium  mutabant. 
b  Quails  niundi  status  supra  lunaiii,  semper  serenua.  '■  Bona  mens  nullum 

tristioris  fortuna;  recipit  ineursnm.     Val.  lib.  4.  c.  1.     Qui  nil  potest  sperare,  desperet 
nihil.  <'Hor.  t^Equain  memento  rebn^  in  arduis  servare  mentem.  lib.  2. 

od.  3.  f  EpicL  c.  18.  K  Ter.  Adel.  act  4.  ae.  7.  h  Unaquaeque  res 

duas  habet  ansaa,  alteram  quas  teneri,  alteram  qua^  non  potest ;  in  manu  nostra  quam 
volomoa  accipere.  'Ter.  And.  act.  4.  se.  6. 


Mem.  3. J  Remedies  against  Discontents.  47 

Esto  quod  es:  quod  sunt  alii,  sine  quemlibet  esse: 
Quod  noil  es,  nolis  ;  quod  potes  esse,  vclis. 

Be  as  thou  art ;  and  as  they  are,  so  let 
Others  be  still ;  what  is  and  may  be,  covet. 

And  as  lie  that  is  ^  invited  to  a  feast,  eats  what  is  set  before  him, 
and  looks  for  no  other,  enjoy  that  thou  hast,  andaskenomore 
of  God  then  Nvhat  he  thinks  fit  to  bestow  upon  thee.  Non 
cnicis  cojitinrju  adire  Corinthim ;  we  may  not  be  all  gentlemen, 
all  Catos,  or  Lae'ii  (as  Tally  telleth  us),  all  honourable, illus- 
trious and  serene,  all  rich  :  but,  because  mortall  men  want 
many  thing-s,  ^therefore  (snith  Theodoret)  hath  God  diver  sly 
distributed  hi^  rpf  Is,  wealth  to  one,  skill  to  another ,  that  rich 
men  might  encourage  and  set pocr  men  a  icork,poor  men  might 
learn  several  trades  to  the  common  good.  As  apeece  of  arras 
is  composed  of  several!  parcels,  some  wrought  of  silke,  some 
of  gold,  silver,  crewel!  of  divers  colours,  all  to  serve  for  the 
exoneration  of  the  whole;  miisick  is  made  of  divers  discords 
and  keyes,  a  total!  suram  of  many  smal  numbers;  so  is  a  com- 
mon-wealth of  several!  inequa!  trades  and  callings.  "^  If  all 
should  be  Croesi  and  Darii,  all  idle,  all  in  fortunes  equall, 
who  should  till  the  land?  as  i  Menenius  Agrippa  wellsatisfied 
the  tumultuous  rout  of  Rome,  in  his  elegant  apologue  of  the 
belly  and  the  rest  of  the  members.  Who  should  build  liouses, 
make  our  severallstutfsforraiments  ?  We  should  allbe  starved 
for  company  (as  Poverty  declared  at  large  in  Aristophanes 
Plutus),  and  sue  at  last  to  be  as  we  were  at  first.  And  there- 
fore God  hath  appointed  this  inequality  of  states,  orders,  and 
degrees,  a  subordination,  as  in  all  other  things.  The  earth 
yields  nourishmenttovegetals,  sensible  creatures  feed  on  vege- 
tals ;  both  are  substitutes  to  reasonable  souls ;  and  men  are 
subject  amongst  themselves,  and  all  to  higher  powers:  so  God 
would  have  it.  All  things  then  being  rightly  examined  and 
duely  considered  as  they  ought,  there  is  no  such  cause  of  so 
general  discontent;  tis  not  in  the  matter  it  self,  but  in  our 
minde,as  wemoderateourpassionsandesteem  of  things.  Nihil 
aliud  necessarium,  lit  sis  miser,  (saith  ^Cardan)  qnam  nt  te 
miseruni  credas  :  let  thy  fortune  be  what  it  will, 'tis  thy  miude 
alone  that  makes  thee  poor  or  rich,  miserable  or  happy.    Vidi 


*  Epictetus.     Invitatus  ad  convivium,  quae  apponuntur  comedis,  non  qu»ris  ultra  ; 
in  mundo  multa  rogitas  quas  Dii  negant.  •>  Cap.  6.  de  providentia.     Mortales  cum 

sint  rernm  omnium  indigi,  ideo  Deus  aliis  divitias,  aliis  paupertateni  distribuit,  ut  qui 
opibus  pollent,  raateriam  subministrent ;  qui  vero  inopes,  exercitatasartibus  manusad- 
moveant.  c  Si  sint  omnes  aequales,  necesse  est  ut  omnes  fame  pereant;  qois  ara- 

tro  terram  sulcaret  ?  quis  sementem  face»et?  quis  plantas  sereret?  quis  linum  expri- 
meret?  ^Liv.  1. 1.  ^Lib.  3.  de  cons. 


48  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

eqo  (saitli  divine  Seneca)  in  villa  hilnri  et  amocnd  moestos,  et 
media  mlitudiiip  occupatos  :  non  Incus,  .W  animus,  facit  ad 
tran(]uilHtatPm  ;  1  have  seen  men  miserably  dejected  in  a  plea- 
sant village,  and  some  ajjain,  well  occupied  and  at  good  ease, 
in  a  solitary  desart:  'tis  the  mind,  not  the  place,  canseth  tran- 
(|uillily,  and  that  oives  true  content.  Iwill  yet  add  a  word  or 
two  for  a  corollary.  JNIany  rich  men,  I  dare  boldly  say  it,  that 
lye  on  down  beils,  with  delicacies  pampered  every  day,  in 
their  well  furnished  houses,  live  at  less  hearts  ease,  with  more 
anonish,  more  bodily  pain,  and  through  th;ir  intemperance 
more  bitter  hours,  then  many  a  ])risoner  or  gaily-slave,  ^(3/a'- 
ceiias  in  phimd  a^riue  rif/ilat  ac  Rerptlus  in  dolio)  those  poor 
starved  Hollanders,  whom  ^Bartison  their  captain  left  in  Nova 
Zembla,  an.  1j96,  or  those  'eioht  miserable  Enirlishmen,that 
were  lately  left  behind,  to  winter  in  a  stove  in  Greeidand  in 
77  deg-.  oflat.  \ii30,  so  pitifully  forsaken,  and  forced  to  shift 
for  themselves  in  a  vast  dark  and  desart  place,  to  strive  and 
struggle  with  hunger,  cold,  desperation,  and  death  it  self. 
'Tis  a  patient  and  quiet  minde  (I  say  it  again  and  again)  gives 
true  peace  and  content.  So,  for  all  other  things,  they  are 
(as  old  '^Chremes  told  us)  as  we  use  them. 

Paventes,  patriam,  amices,  genus,  cognates,  divitias  — 
Hsec  perinde  sunt,  ac  illius"  animus  qui  ea  possidet; 
Qui  uti  scit,  ei  bona;  qui  utitur  non  recte,  mala. 

Parents,  friends,  fortunes,  country,  birth,  alliance,  S:c.  ebbe 
and  flow  with  our  conceit,  please  or  displease,  as  we  accept 
and  construe  them,  or  apply  them  to  our  selves.  Faber  quisque 
fortunce  succ ;  and  in  some  sort  I  may  truly  say,  prosperity  and 
adversity  are  in  our  own  hands.  Nemo  Imditur  nisi  a  seipso  ; 
and,  which  Seneca  confirms  out  of  his  judgement  and  expe- 
rience, "evprji  mans  minde  is  stronqer  then  J'ortune,  and  leads 
him  to  rchat  side  he  u-ill ;  a  cause  to  himself  each  one  is,  oj' 
his  f/ood  or  bad  life.  But  will  we,  or  nill  we,  make  the  worst 
of  it,  and  suppose  a  man  in  the  greatest  extremity,  'tis  a  for- 
tune which  some  indefinitely  prefer  before  prosperity ;  of  two 
extremes  it  is  the  best. 

Luxuriant  animi  rebus  plerumque  secundis  : 

men  in  *^ prosperity  forget  God  and  themselves;  they  are  be- 
sotted'with  their  wealth, as  birds  with  henbane  :  ^miserable,  if 


»  Seneca.  ••  Vide  Isaacnm  Pontinnm,  descript.     Amsterdam,  lib.  2.  c.  22. 

cVide  El.  Pelhams  book,  edit  16;J0.  <)  Heaiitonlim.  act  1.  sc.  2.  •^EfiisL98. 

Omni  rirtiina  valentior,  ipse  animus  in  uframqiie  partem  res  stias  diicit,  beataf|ne  ac 
misera:  vitie  uibi  caussa  est.  fFortuna, quern  nimium  fovet,  .stultiim  tacit.  Pub.  Miraus. 
s  Seaeca,  de  beat  viL  cap.  14.     Miseri,  si  deserantur  ab  ea ;  mjseriores,  si  obruantur. 


Mem.  3  ]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  49 

fortune  forsake  them  ;  but  more  miserable,  if  she  tarry  and 
overwhehii  tliem  :  for,  when  they  come  to  be  in  a  great  place, 
rich,  they  that  were  most  temperate,  sober,  and  discreet  in  their 
private  fortunes, as  J»Jero,Otho,  Vitellius,  Heliogabalus  {pptimi 
imperatores,  nisi  imperdssent)  degenerate  on  a  sudden  into 
brute  beasts,  so  prodigious  in  lust,such  tyrannicall oppressors, 
&c.  they  cannot  moderate  themselves,  they  become  monsters, 
odious,  harpies,  whatnot?  aim  triumphos,  opes,  honor  e  s  adepti 
sunt  advoluptatemetotiumdeincepsseconvertunt:  'twas  ''Catos 
note'  they  cannot  contain.     For  that  cause  belike, 

b  Eutrapeliis,  cuicunque  nocere  volebat, 

Vcstimenta  dabat  pref.iosa:  beatus  enimjam, 
Cum  pulchris  tunicis,  sumet  nova  consilia  ct  spes ; 
Dormiet  in  lucem;  scorto  postponet  honestum 

Officium- 

Eutrapelus,  when  he  would  hurt  a  knave, 
Gave  him  gay  clothes  and  wealth,  to  make  him  brave  : 
Because,  now  rich,  he  would  quite  change  his  niiiide, 
Keep  whores,  fly  out,  set  honesty  behinde. 

On  the  other  side,  in  adversity  many  mutter  and  rejiine,  de- 
spair, &c.  both  bad,  I  confess, 

. ^  ut  calceus  olim, 

Si  pede  major  erit,  subvertet;  si  minor,  uret: 

as  a  shoo  too  big  or  too  little,  one  pincheth,  the  other  sets  the 
foot  awry;  sede  malis  minimum.  If  adversity  hath  killed  his 
thousand,  prosperity  hath  killed  his  ten  thousand  :  therefore 
adversity  is  to  be  preferred ;  ^hcecfrano  indic/et,  ilia  solatio  ; 
illafallit,  hcEc  instruit ;  the  one  deceives,  the  other  i  nstructs :  the 
one  miserably  happy,  the  other  happily  miserable:  and  there- 
fore many  philosophers  have  voluntarily  sought  adversity,  and 
so  much  commend  it  in  their  precepts.  Demetrius,  in  Seneca, 
esteemed  it  a  great  infelicity,  that  in  his  life  ihne  he  had  no 
misfortune;  miserum,  cui  nihilv.ncpiam  aceidissetadversi.  Ad- 
versity then  is  not  so  heavily  to  be  taken ;  and  we  ought  not,  iu 
such  cases, somuchtomacerateourselves:  thereisnosuchoddn 
in  poverty  and  riches.  To  conclude  in  ^Hieroms  words,  /  will 
askoiirmagnificoes,  that  build  icith  marblr,  and  bestow  a  whole 
manor  on  a  thred,  ivhat  difference  betwixt  them  and  Paul  the 
ermite^that  bare  old  man:  thejj  drink  in  jewels,  he  in  his  hand : 
he  is  poor,  and  goes  to  heaven;  they  are  rich  and  go  to  hell. 

I  Plutarch,  vit.  e.jns.  ^  Hor.  epist.  1.  1.  ep.  18.  f  Hor,  d  Boeth.  2, 

eEpist.  lib.  3.  vit.  Paul.  Eremit.  Libet  eos  nunc  inferrogare  qui  domns  niarnioribus 
vestiunt,  qui  uno  filo  villarum  ponunt  pretia,  huic  seni  modo  quid  unqnam  defuit?  Vos 
gemma  bibitis,  ille  concavis  raanibus  naturae  satisfecit :  ille  pauper  Pai-adisum  capit, 
vos  avaros  Gehenna  suscipiet. 

VOL.    11.  E 


50  Cure  of  MelanchoUj.  [Pari.  9.  Sec.  3. 

MEMB.  IV. 

Against  Servitude^  Loss  of  Liberty,  frnprisonnifnf.   Banish- 
ment. 

SERVITUDE,  loss  of  liberty,  imprisonment,  are  no  such 
miseries  as  they  are  held  to  be  :  we  are  slaves  and  servants, 
the  best  of  ns  all  :  as  we  do  reverence  o»ir  mnsters,  so  do  our 
masters  their  superiours  :  gentlemen  serve  nobles,  and  nobles 
are  subordinate  to  kinjjs  : 

Omne  sub  regno  graviore  regnuin  : 
princes  themselves  are  Gods  servants  : 

Reges  in  ipsos  imperium  est  Jovis  : 
they  are  subject  to  their  owne  laws,  and  as  the  kings  of  China 
endure  more  than  slavish  imprisonment,  to  maintain  theirstate 
and  greatness,  they  never  come  abroad.  Alexander  was  a  slave 
to  fear,  Caesar  of  pride,  Vespasian  to  his  mony,  {nihil  cnim  re- 
fert,  rerumsis  servus  an  honiinum)  Heliogabalus  to  his  gut,  and 
60  of  the  rest.  Lovers  are  slaves  to  their  mistresses,  rich  men 
to  their  gold,  courtiers  generally  to  lust  and  ambition,  and  all 
slaves  to  our  affections,  as  Evangelus  well  discourseth  in  *  Ma- 
crobius,and''Senecathe  philosopher;  assiduam  servitutem.ex- 
tremametineluctahilem,  he  calls  it;  a  continual  slaving,  to  be  so 
captivated  by  vices :  and  who  is  free  ?  Why  then  dost  thou 
repine  .?  Satis  est  potens,}\\exon\  sailh,  qui  servire  non  cogitur. 
Thou  earnest  no  burdens  ;  thou  art  no  prisoner,  no  drudge ; 
and  thousands  want  that  liberty,  those  pleasures  which  thou 
hast.  Thou  art  not  sick  ;  and  what  wouldst  thou  have  ?  But 
nitimur  in  vetitum,\\e  must  all  eatof  the  forbidden  fruit.  Were 
we  injoynedtogo  to  such  and  such  places,  we  would  not  will- 
ingly go  :  but,  being  barred  of  our  liberty,  this  alone  torments 
our  wandring  soul,thatwe  may  not go.  A  citizen  of  ours,  saith 
*=  Cardan,  was  60  years  of  age,  and  had  never  been  foi  th  of  the 
walsof  thecity  Millan:  the  prince  hearing  of  it,  commanded 
him  not  to  stir  out :  being  now  forbidden  thatwhich  all  his  life 
he  had  neglected,  he  earnestly  desired  ;  and,  being  denied, 
dolore  confectus  mortem  obiit,  lie  dyed  for  grief. 

What  I  have  said  of  servitude,  I  say  again  of  imprisonment, 
we  are  all  prisoners.  "^  What  is  our  life  but  a  prison  ?  ^Ve  are 
all  imprisoned  in  an  iland.  The  world  itself  to  some  men  is  a 
prison,  our  narrow  seas  as  so  many  ditches  ;  and,  when  they 
have  compassed  the  globeof  the  earth,  they  would  fain  go  see 


3  Satur.    I.  11.      Alius  libidini  !<rr\ir  alius   stnbitioui,  omnes  spei,  omncs  timori. 
l>Nat.  lib'  3.  ''CodsoI.  I.  5.  "^O  gruprosc,  qnid  eRt  viNoi.ti  farcMr  aniDii "' 


Mem.  4.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  5 1 

what  is  done  in  the  moon.  In  *  Muscovy  and  many  other 
northern  parts,  all  over  Scandia,  they  are  imprisoned  half  the 
year  in  stoves;  they  dare  not  peep  out  for  cold.  At ''  Aden  in 
Arabia,  they  are  penned  in  all  day  long  with  that  other  extreme 
of  heat,  and  keep  their  markets  in  the  night.  What  is  a  ship 
but  a  prison?  and  so  many  cities  are  but  as  so  many  hives  of 
bees,  ant-hills  :  but  that  which  thou  abhorrest,  many  seek  :  wo- 
men keep  in  all  winter,  and  most  part  of  summer,  (o  preserve 
their  beauties;  some  forlove  of  study:  Demosthenes  shaved  his 
beard,  because  he  would  cut  off  all  occasion  of  going  abroad: 
bow  many  monks  and  friers,  anchorites,  abandon  the  world  ! 
monachus  in  nrbe,  piscis  in  arido.  Art  in  prison  r  Make  right 
use  of  it,  and  mortifie  thyself.  '^  Where  mnya  man  contemplate 
better  then  in  solitariness,  or  study  more  then  in  quietness? 
Many  Avorthy  men  have  been  imprisoned  all  their  lives  ;  and 
it  hath  been  occasion  of  great  honour  and  glory  to  thera,  much 
publick  good  by  their  excellent  meditation.  '^Pto!em8eus,k!ng 
of  Egypt,  cum,  viribus  attenuatis,  injirmd  valetudine  laboraret, 
miro  discendi  studio  affectus,  ^'C.  now  being  taken  with  a  grievous 
infirmity  of  body  that  he  could  not  stir  abroad,  became  Stra- 
tos  scholler,  fell  hard  to  his  book,  and  gave  himself  wholly  to 
contemplation  ;  and  upon  that  occasion  (as  mine  author  adds) 
pulcherrimnm  reyice  opulentice  monumentum,  Src.  to  his  great 
honourbuiltthatrenownedlibrary  at  Alexandria,  wherein  \vere 
40000  volumes.  Severinus  Boethius  never  writ  so  elegantly  as 
in  prison,Panl so  devoutly,  formostofhisepistles  weredictate<i 
in  uis  bands.  .Joseph,  saith  •=  Austin,  yoi  more  credit  in  prison, 
then  tchen  hedistributed  corn,  and  was  lordof  Pharaohs  houxc 
It  brings  many  a  lewd  riotous  fellow  home,  many  wandrino- 
rogues  it  settles,  that  would  otherwise  have  been  little  raving 
tygers,  ruined  themselves  and  others. 

Banishment  is  no  grievance  at  all.  O  nine  solum  for  ti  patri  a, 
8fC.  et  patria  est,  ubicunque  bene  est :  that's  a  mans  country 
where  he  is  well  at  ease.  Many  travel  for  pleasure  to  that  eity, 
saith  Seneca,  to  which  thou  art  bani^ihed:  and  what  a  part  of 
the  citizens  are  strangers  born  in  other  places  ?  ^Jncolentibus 
patria;  'tis  their  country  that  are  born  in  it ;  and  tliey  would 
think  themselves  banished  togo  to  the  place  which  thouieavest, 
and  from  which  thou  art  so  loth  to  depart.  'Tis  no  disparag-e- 
ment  to  be  a  stranger,  or  so  irksome  to  be  an  exile,     ^  The  rain 


a  Herbastein.  b  Vertomannus.  navig.  1.  2.  c.  4.     Commeroia  in  niindinis  noctu 

hora  secunda,  ob  nimios  qui  sfeviunt  interdiii  aestns,  exercent.  =  Ubi  vfriorcon- 

templatio  quam  in  solitudine  ?  ubi  studinra  solidius  quatn  in  qtiiete  ?  •"'  Aiex.  ab 

Alex.  gen.  dier.  lib.  1.  cap.  2.  «  In  Ps.  76.  Non'ita  laudator  Joseph  cum  fnimenta 

distribueret,  ac  quum  carcerem  Iiabitaret.  f  Boethius  S  Philostratus.  in  deiiriis. 

Peregrini  sunt  itobres  in  terra,,  etfluvii  in  man  :  Japiferapud  .^.gypt'js:  soi  ap'::d  onincs: 
nosp€S  aninia  in  coipore,  luscinia  in  aere,  hirundo  ia  domo.  Gaiivroedes  coelo,  St.-. 

E  2 


52  Cure  of  Melanchohf.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

is  a  sfranffer  1o  the  rnrth,  livers  to  the  sea,  Jupiter  in  JJf/if/tt^ 
the  sun  to  us  all.  The  sou/  is  nu  alien  to  the  hofljf,  a  ?iif/htin- 
(fu/e  to  the  ai/re^  a  swaffoir  in  an  house,  and  GanipneHe  in 
heaven^  an  elephant  in  Rome,  a  phccni.r  in  India  ;  and  such 
tliing^s  commonly  please  lis  best,  which  are  most  stranoe,  and 
come  farthest  oif.  Those  old  Hebrews  esteemed  the  whole 
world  Gentiles;  the  Greeks  held  all  barbarians  but  them- 
selves ;  our  modern  Italians  account  of  us  as  dull  transalpines 
by  way  of  reproach  ;  they  scorn  thee  and  thy  country  which 
thou  so  much  admirest.  'Tis  a  childish  humour  to  hone  after 
home,  to  be  discontent  at  that  which  others  seek ;  to  prefer, 
as  base  Islanders  and  Norvegians  do,  their  own  ragged  iland 
before  Italy  or  Greece,  the  gardens  of  the  Morld.  There  is  a 
base  nation  in  the  north,  saith  '■"  Pliny,  called  Chauci,  that  live 
amongst  rocks  and  sands  by  the  seaside,  feed  on  fisli,  drink 
water:  and  yet  these  base  people  account  themselves  slaves 
in  respect,  when  they  come  to  Rome.  Ita  est  proj'ecto  (as  he 
concludes)  ;  multisj'ortuna  parcit  in  pn:nam  :  so  it  is,  Fortune 
favours  some  to  live  at  home,  to  their  further  punishment; 
'tis  want  of  judgement.  All  places  are  distant  from  heaven 
alike  ;  the  sun  shines  happily  as  warm  in  one  city  as  in  ano- 
ther; and  to  a  wise  man  there  is  no  difference  of  climes: 
friends  are  every  where  to  him  that  behaves  himselfwell ;  and 
a  prophet  is  not  esteemed  in  his  own  country,  Alexander, 
Caesar,  Trajan,  Adrian,  were  so  many  land-leapers,  now  in  the 
east,  now  in  the  west,  little  at  home;  and  Polus  Venetus,  Lod. 
Vertoniannus,  Pinzonus,  Cadamustus,  Columbus,  Americus 
Vesputius,  Vascus  Gama,  Drake,  Candish,  Oliver  Anort, 
Schouten,  gotall  their  honour  by  voluntary  expeditioi^s.  But 
yousay,such  mens  travel  is  voluntary ;  we  are  compelled,  and, 
as  malefactors,  must  depart :  yet  know  this  of 'Plato  to  be  true, 
vltori  Deo  summa  cura  j>eref/rinus  est :  God  hath  an  especiall 
care  of  strangers  ;  and,  when  he  trants  friends  and  allies,  he 
shall  deserve  hettei-  and  find  nt ore  favour  with  God  and  men. 
Besides  tbe  pleasure  of  peregrination,  variety  of  objects  will 
make  amends  ;  and  so  many  nol)les,  Tully,  Aristide,  'J  henn's- 
tocles,  Theseus,  Codrus,  &c.  as  have  been  banished,  will  give 
sufficient  credit  unto  it.  Read  Pet.  Alcionius  his  two  books 
of  this  subject. 


*Lib.  16.  cap.  1.      Nullain   frugem  habent ;  polus  ex  imbre  ;  e(  liy  ftenles,  si  \in- 
cantnr,  &c.  ''Lib.  5,  de  legibns.     CunKjue  cogDatis  c areat  et  amicis,  mnjorpm 

•pu'l  Deos  et  apud  homines  iniiericordiam  meretur. 


Mem.  5.]  Remedies  agamst  Discontents.  53 


MEMB.  V. 

Against  Sorrow  for  Death  of  Friends  or  otherwise,  vain 
Fear,  ^-c. 

UEATHand  departure  offrieuds  are  things  generally  grie- 
vous :  ^omnium  qucs  in  humana  vita  contingunt,  luctns  at  que 
mors  sunt  acerhissima;  the  most  austere  and  bitter  accidents 
that  can  happen  to  a  man  in  this  life,  in  ceternum  valedicere,to 
part  for  ever,  to  forsake  the  world  and  all  our  friends;  'tis  ulti- 
mum  terrihilium,  the  last  and  the  greatest  terrour,  most  irke- 
some  and  troublesome  unto  us.  ^Homo  toties  moritur,  quoties 
amittit  suos.  And  though  we  hope  for  a  better  life,  eternall 
happiness,  after  these  painfull  and  miserable  daies,  yetwe  can- 
not compose  our  selves  willingly  to  dye;  the  remembrance  of  it 
is  most  grievous  unto  us,  especially  to  such  who  are  fortunate 
and  rich  :  they  start  at  the  name  of  death,  as  an  horse  at  a 
rotten  post.  Say  what  you  can  of  that  other  world,  with 
'^Metezuma  that  Indian  prince,  bonum  est  esse  hie,  they  had 
rather  be  here.  Nay  many  generous  spirits,  and  grave  staid 
men  otherwise,  are  so  tender  in  this,  that,  at  the  loss  of  a  dear 
friend,  they  will  cry  out,  roare,and  teartheirhaire,  lamenting 
some  months  after,  houling,  O  /lone,  as  those  Irish  women,  and 
*^  Greeks,  at  their  graves,  commit  many  undecent  actions,  and 
almost  go  besides  themselves.  My  dear  father,  my  sweet  hus- 
band, mine  only  brothers  death  !  to  whom  shall  I  make  my 
moan  }  O  me  miserum  ! 

Quis  dabit  in  lacrymas  fontem  ?  &c. 

Whatshallldo? 

t  Sed  totum  hoc  stud!  urn  luctu  fraterna  mihi  mors 
Abstulit;  hei !  misero  frater  adempte  mihi ! 

My  brothers  death  my  study  hath  undone ; 
Woe's  me !  alas  !  my  brother  he  is  gone  ! 

Mezentius  would  not  live  after  his  son : 

'Nunc  vivo,  nee  adhuc  homines  lucemque  relinquo 
Sed  linquam 

And  Pompeys  wife  cryed  out  at  the  news  of  her  husbands 
death. 


^Cardan,  de  consol.  lib.  2.  b  Seneca.  eBenzo.  ^Sanuno 

mane  ululatum  oriantur,  pectora  percutientes,  &c.  niiserabile  speetaculum  exhibentei. 
Ortelius,  in  GreeciA.  eCatdius.  f  Virgil. 


51  Cum  oj'  Mr/drtrfiol!/.  [Part. 'J.  Se<\  S. 

*•  Turpe  iiiori  post  te  sulo  non  posse  dolore. 

rhl-nta  hictu,  el  nescia  tolerandi,  as  ^'Tacitus  of  Agrippina, 
not  able  to  moderate  lier  pasMoiis.  So,  when  she  heard  her 
son  was  slain,  she  abruptly  broke  off  her  work,  changed  coun- 
tenance and  colour,  tore  her  hair,  and  fell  a  roaring  down 
right : 

subitus  mist'ra;  calor  ossa  reliquit; 

Excussi  manibus  radii,  revolutaque  pensa: 
Evolat  infelix,  et  femineo  ululalu, 
Scissa  coniarn. . . . 

Another  would  needs  run  upon  the  swords  point  after  Eury- 
alus  departure, 

cFigite  me,  si  qua  est  pietas,  in  me  omnia  tela 
Conjicite,  o  Rululi! 

O  let  me  dye  !  some  good  man  or  other  make  an  end  of  me  ! 
How  did  Achilles  take  on  for  Patrocl  us  departure?  A  black 
cloud  of  sorrows  overshadowed  him,  saith  Homer.  Jacob  rent 
his  clothes,  put  sack-cloth  about  his  loines,  sorrowed  for  his 
ton  a  long-  season,  and  could  not  be  comforted,  but  would 
needs  go  down  into  the  grave  unto  his  son  (Gen.  37.  37). 
Many  years  after,  the  remembrance  of  such  friends,  of  such 
accidents,  is  most  grievous  unto  us,  to  see  or  hear  of  it,  though 
it  concern  notour  selves,  but  others.  Scaliger  saith  of  himself, 
that  he  never  read  Socrates  death,  in  Platos  Phjedon,  but  he 
wept :  "  Austin  shed  tears  when  he  read  the  destruction  of 
Troy.  But,  howsoever  this  passion  of  sorrow  be  violent,  bitter, 
andseiseth  familiarly  on  wise,  valiant,  discreet  men,  ;  et  it  may 
surely  be  withstood,  it  may  be  diverted.  For,  w4iat  is  there  in 
this  life,  that  it  should  be  so  dear  unto  us  ?  or  that  we  should 
so  much  deplore  the  departure  of  a  friend?  The  greatest  plea- 
sures are  conunon  society,  to  enjoy  one  anothers  presence, 
feasting,  hawking,  hunting,  brooks,  woods,  hils,  musick, 
dancing,  &c.  all  this  is  but  vanity  and  losse  of  time,  as  I  have 
surticiently  declared. 

edum  bibimus,  diim  serta,  unguenta,  puellas, 

Poscimus,  obrepit  non  inteilecta  senectus. 

Whilst  we  drink,  prank  our  selves,  with  wenches  dally, 
Old  age  upon's  at  unawares  doth  sally. 

As  alchymists  spend  that  small  modicum  they  have,  to  get  gold, 


»Lnean  i>3.  Anoal.  «Virg.  iEn.  9.  ••Conffs*.  I.  1. 

«■  Jtvenali*. 


Mem.  5.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  55 

and  never  finde  it,  we  lose  and  neglect  eternity,  for  a  little  mo- 
mentary pleasure,  which  we  cannot  enjoy,  nor  shall  ever  attain 
to  in  this  life.  We  abhor  death,  pain,  and  grief,  all;  and  yet 
we  will  do  nothing  of  that  which  should  vindicate  us  from, 
but  rather  voluntarily  thrust  our  selves  upon  it.  ^The  lasci- 
vious prefers  his  whole  before  his  life,or  good  estate  ;  and  angry 
man,  his  revenge ;  a  parasite,  his  gut  ;  ambitious,  honours  ; 
covetous,  wealth;  a  thief,  his  booty  ;  a  souldier,  his  spoyle ; 
we  abhor  diseases,  and  yet  we  pull  them  upon  us.  We  are 
never  better  or  freer  from  cares  then  when  we  sleep;  and  yet, 
which  we  so  much  avoid  and  lament,  death  is  but  a  perpetuall 
sleep;  and  why  should  it  (as  ''Epicurus  argues)  so  much 
affright  us  ?  When  we  are,  death  is  not :  but  when  death  is, 
then  we  are  not :  our  life  is  tedious  and  troublesome  unto  him 
that  lives  best ;  "^  ^tis  a  misery  to  beborn,  a  pain  to  live,  a  trouble 
to  die;  death  makes  an  end  of  our  miseries;  and  yet  we 
cannot  consider  of  it.  A  little  before  '^ Socrates  drank  his 
potion  of  cicuta,  he  bid  the  citizens  of  Athens  cheerfully  fare- 
M-ell,  and  concluded  hisspeech  with  this  short  sentence:  My 
time  is  now  come  to  be  gone,  I  to  my  death,  you  to  live  on  ; 
but  which  of  these  is  best,  God  alone  knows.  For  there  is  no 
pleasure  here,  but  sorrow  is  annexed  to  it,  repentance  follows  it. 
^Jf  J  feed  liberally,  I  am  likely  sick  or  surfeit ;  if  I  live  spa- 
ringly, my  hunger  and  thirst  is  not  allayed:  I  am  well  neither 
full  nor  fasting  ;  if  I  live  honest,  I  burn  in  lust  ;  if  1  take  my 
pleasure,  I  tire  and  starve  my  self,  and  do  injury  to  my  body 
and  soul.  '  Of  so  small  a  quantity  of  mirth,  how  much  sorrow! 
after  so  little  pleasure,  hoic  great  misery  !  'Tis  both  waies 
troublesome  to  me,  to  rise  and  go  to  bed,  to  eat  and  provide 
my  meat;  cares  and  contentions  attend  me  all  day  long,  fears 
and  suspicions  all  my  life.  I  am  discontented ;  and  why 
should  1  desire  so  much  to  live  ?  But  an  happy  death  will 
make  an  end  of  all  our  woes  and  miseries ; 

Omnibus  una  meis  certa  medela  malls. 

Why  shouldst  thou  not  then  say,  \\'\\\\  old  Simeon,  since  thou 
art  so  well  affected,  Lord,  now  let  thy  servant  depart  in 
peace  ;  or,  with  Paul,  /  desire  to  be  dissolved,  and  to  be  with 
Christ  ?     Beata  mors,  quce  ad  beatam  vitam  aditum  aperit ; 

a  Amatrir  scortnm  vitas  prsponit,  iracnndus  Tindictam,  parasitns  gulam,  atnbitiosn* 
honores,  avaros  opes,  miles  rapinam,  fur  praedam ;  morbos  odimus  et  accersinias. 
Card.  b Seneca.    Quum  nossumus,  mors  non  adest ;  com  vero  mors 

adestjtum  nos  non  aumiis.  '^  Bernard,  c.  3.  med.    Nasci  miserum,  vivere 

pcena,  augustia  mori.  <•  Plato,  Apol.  Socratis.     Sed  jam  bora  est  bine  abire, 

8:0.  •  Comedi  ad  satietatera,  gravitaa  me  offendit;  parcius  edi,  non  est 

expletum  desideriom:  venereas  delicias  sequor,  hinc  morbns.lassitodo, &c.  'Bern. 
r«.3.  med.     De  tantillii  IsetiHa,  quanta  tristifia  ;  post  tantam  voluptatem,  quam  gr.ivis 


;'Ai  Chip  of  MeluncJwhj.  [Part.  2.  Hoc.  3. 

'tis  a  hirssod  home  that  leads  us  to  a  ^blessed  life;  and 
l)h\ssod  are  tliey  that  dye  in  the  [.old.  But  life  is  sweet;  and 
death  is  not  so  terrible  in  it  self  as  the  concomitants  of  it,  a 
loathsome  disease,  pain,  honour,  c^c.  and  many  times  the 
manner  of  it,  to  be  hanged,  to  be  broken  on  the  wheel,  to  be 
burned  alive.  ''Servetus  the  heretick,  that  suffered  in  Ge- 
neva, when  he  was  brought  to  the  stake,  and  saw  the  execu- 
tioner come  with  fire  in  his  hand,  hoino^  t:iso  igne,  tarn  hor- 
renduiH  cAc/ajnnrit,  vt  imivprsitm  pojmlnm  porterrpjecerity 
roared  so  loud,  that  he  terrified  the  people.  An  old  Stoick 
would  have  scorned  this.  It  troubles  some  to  be  unburied, 
or  so : 

'^non  te  optima  mater 

Condct  hiimi,  patriove  onerabit  membra  sepulcro  : 

Alitibiis  lincpiere  feris,  et  gurgite  mersum 

I'lida  teret,  piscesque  impasti  vulnera  lambent: 

Thy  gentle  parents  shall  not  bury  thee, 

Amongst  thine  ancestors  entomb'd  to  be; 

But  feral  fowle  thy  carcass  shall  devoure, 

Or  drowned  corps  hungry  fish  maws  shall  scoure. 

As  Socrates  told  Crito,  itconcernsmc  not  what  is  done  with  me 
when  I  am  dead  ;  facilisjactura  sppnlcri:  I  care  not,  solong 
as  I  feel  it  not:  let  them  set  mine  head  on  the  pike  of  Tena- 
rifFa,  and  my  quarters  in  the  foure  parts  of  the  world, 

pascam  licet  in  criice  corvos ; 

let  wolves  or  beares  devour  me  : 

coelo  tegitur  qui  non  habet  iirnam  ; 

the  canopy  of  heaven  covers  him  that  hath  no  tomb.  So 
likev/ise  for  our  friends,  why  should  their  departure  so  much 
trouble  us?  They  are  better,  as  we  hope  ;  and  for  what  then 
dost  thou  lament,  as  those  do,  whom  Paul  taxed  in  his  time, 
(I  Thes.  4.  13)  that  have  no  hope?  Tis  fit  there  should  be 
some  solemnity. 

d  Sed  sepelire  decet  defimclum,  pectore  forti, 
Constantes,  uiiumque  diem  fletu  indulgentes. 

Jobs  friends  said  not  a  word  to  him  the  first  seven  daies,  but 
let  sorrow  and  discontent  take  their  course,  themselves  sitting 
sad  and  silent  by  him.  When  Jupiter  himself  wept  for  Sarpe- 
don,  what  else  did  the  poet  insinuate,  but  that  some  sorrow  is 
good  ? 


praei 

Hon 


"Estenim  mors  piorum  felix  transitns  de  labore  ad  refrigerium,  de  exspectatione  ad 
3>miani.  bVaticanus,  vita  ejus.  >^  Lnc.  "ill.  9. 


lomer. 


Mem.  5.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  57 

a  Quis  matrem,  nisi  mentis  inops,  in  funere  nati 
Flere  vetet  ? 

who  can  blame  a  tender  mother,  if  she  weep  for  her  children? 
Beside,  as ''Plutarch  holds, 'tis  not  in  our  power  not  to  lament: 
indolentia  non  cuivis  co7itingit :  it  takes  away  mercy  and  pitty, 
not  to  be  sad  ;  'tis  a  natural  passion  to  weep  for  our  friends,  an 
irresistible  passion  to  lament  and  g-rieve.  I  know  not  how,{smth 
Seneca)  but  sometimes  'tis  good  to  be  miserable  in  misery :  and 
for  the  most  part  all  gnef  evacuates  itself  by  teares: 

c  est  qusedam  flere  voluptas : 

Expletur  lacrymis,  egeriturque,  dolor  : 

yet,  after  a  dayes  mourning  or  two,  comfort  thy  self  for  thy 

heaviness  (EccXes.  38.    l7).     '^  Non  decet  defunctum  ignavo 

questu  prosequi :  'twas  Germanicus  advice  of  old,  that  we 

should  not  dwell  too  long  upon  our  passions,  to  be  desperately 

sad,  immoderate  grievers,  to  let  them  tyrannize;  there's  indo- 

lenti(B  ars,  a  medium  to  be  kept :  we  do  not  (saith  ''Austin) 

forbid  men  to  grieve,  but  to  grieve  overmuch.     I  forbid  not  a 

man  to  be  angry  ;  but  I  ask  for  tchat  cause  he  is  so  ?     Not  to 

be  sad,  but  tchy  he  is  sad?  not  to  fear,  but  wherefore  is  he 

afraid?  I  require  a  moderation  as  well  as  a  just  reason.     '^The 

Romans,  and  most  civil  commonwealths,  have  set  a  time  to 

such  solemnities:  they  must  not  mourn  after  a  certain  day;  or 

if  in  a  family  a  child  be  born,  a  daughter,  or  a  son  married, 

some  state  or  honour  be  conferred,  a  brother  be  redeemed  from 

his  bands,  a  friend  from  his  enemies,  or  the  like,  they  must 

lament  no  more.     And  'tis  fit  it  should  be  so;  to  what  end  is 

all  their  funerall  pomp,  complaints,  and  tears?  When  Socrates 

was  dying,  his  friends  Apollodorus  and  Crato,  with  some  others, 

were  weeping  by  him  ;  which  he  perceiving,  asked  them  what 

they  meant :  \t'or  that  very  cause,  he  put  all  the  women  out 

oftheroome;  upon  ichich  words  of  his,  they  were  abashed, 

and  ceased  from  their  tears.  Lodovicus  Cortesius,  a  rich  lawyer 

of  Padua  (as  ''Bernardinus  Scardeonius  relates)  commanded 

by  his  last  will,  and  a  great  mulct  if  otherwise  to  his  heir,  that 

no  funeral  should  be  kept  for  him,  no  man  should  lament;  but, 

as  at  a  wedding,  musick  and  minstrels  to  be  provided;  and, 


a  Ovid.  •>  Con  sol.  ad  Apollon.    Non  est  libertate  nostr^  positnm  non  dolere  ; 

misericordiam  abolet,  &c.  c  Ovid.  4  Trist  d Tacitus,  lib.  4.  ^Lib,  9. 

cap.  9.  de  civitate  Dei.     Non  quaro  cum  irascatur,  sed  cur  ;  non  utrnm  sit  tristis,  sed 
unde  ;  non  utrum  timeat,  sed  quid  timeat  fPestos,  verbo  Minuitnr.     Luctui 

dies  indicebatnr,  cum  liberi  nascantur,  cum  frater  abit,  amicus  ab  hospite,  captfms 
doraum  redeat,  puella  desponsetur.  ?0b  banc  canssam  mnlieresablegaram,  ae 

talia  facerent.    Nos,  haec  audientes,  erubuimus^  et  destitimus  a  lacrymis.  •>  Lib.  1. 

class.  8.  de  claris  jurisconsoltis  Patavinis. 


*S  Curt  of  MdaialioU,.  [\\n\.^2.<M 


^ 


instead  of  black  mourners,  ho  took  «Mtlcr ""///«/  tudv.e  riri/oi.'! 
clad  in  green  should  carry  him  tn  the  chvrch.  His  will  and 
testament  was  accordingly  performed,  and  he  buried  in  S'  So- 
hies  church.  ''Tully  was  much  g^rieved  for  his  dauohter 
ulliolas  death  at  first,  until  such  time  that  he  had  confirmed 
his  mind  with  some  philosophicull  precepts  :  ^  then  he  her/an  to 
triumph  over  fortune  and  grief,  and,  for  her  reception  into 
heaven,  to  be  much  more  joyed  then  before  he  was  troubled  for 
her  loss.  If  an  heathen  man  could  so  fortifie  himself  from 
philosophy,  what  shall  a  Christian  from  divinity  ?  Why  doest 
thou  so  macerate  thy  selfe  ?  'Tis  an  inevitable  chance,  the 
first  statute  in  Magna  Charta,  an  everlasting  act  of  parliament, 
all  must  •* die. 

♦•  Constat  ffiterna  posittimque  lege  est, 
Ut  constat  genitum  nihil. 

It  cannot  be  revoked  :  we  are  all  mortal ;  and  these  all-coin* 
manding  gods  and  princes  die  like  men  : 

'"Involvit  humile  pariter  et  celsum  caput, 
/Equatque  summis  infima. 

O  weak  condition  of  humane  estate  !  Sylvius  exclaims:  ^La- 
dislaus  king  of  Bohemia,  IS  yeeres  of  age,  in  the  flower  of  his 
youth,  so  potent,  rich,  fortunate,  and  happy,  in  the  midst  of 
all  his  friends,  amongst  so  many  ^  physicians,  now  ready  to 
be  'married,  in  36  houres  sickned  ancf  died.  We  must  so  be 
gone  sooner  or  later  all,  and,  as  Calliopiusin  his  comedy  took 
his  leave  of  his  spectators  and  auditors, 

Vos  valete  et  plaudite. — Calliopius  recensui, 
must  we  bid  the  world  farewell,  {Exit  Calliopius)  and,  having 
now  plaid  our  parts, for  ever  be  gone.     Tombs  and  inonumenta 
have  the  like  fate  : 

Data  sunt  ipsis  quoque  fata  sepulcris  ; 

kingdomes,  provinces,  towns,  and  cities,  have  their  periods, 
and  are  consumed.  In  those  flourishing  times  of  Troy,  My- 
cenae was  the  fairest  city  in  Greece;  Gracitp  cvnctce  imperi- 
tabat ;  but  it,  alas!  and  that  ^Assyrian  .Yineve,  are  quite 
overthrown.  The  like  fate  hath  that  Egyptian  and  Boeotian 
Thebes,  Delos,  commune  Grcecice  conciliabulum,  the  common 
councel-house  of  Greece;  and  'Babylon,  the  greatest  city  that 

»  Innnptae  pnellae  amictae  viridibus  pannis,  &c.  ^lAh.  de  consol.  «  Pr»- 

cepti»  philosophia;  confirmatus  adversus  omnem  fortnnaB  vim,  et  te  consecrate  in  c<»- 
luniqne  recepta,  tanta  affpctus  laetitiasiim  ac  voluptate,  qiiantam  animo  capf-re  possum, 
ac  exsoitare  plane  niihi  videor,  vietorqne  de  omni  dolore  et  fortiina  triiimphare. 
•*  Ut  lipnnm  uri  natnm,  arista  secari,  sic  homines  niori,  *  Boeth.  lib.  2,  met.  3. 

f  Boeth.  E  Nic  Hensel.  Breslagr.  fol.  47.  ''Twenty  then  prfsent. 

'  To  Magdalen,  the  danghter  of  Charles  the  seventh  of  France.  Obennt  nortesqiie 
diei«-|iie,  &c.  •<  Assyrionitn  regia  fiinditiin  dflrta.  i  Omuiiim,  qnot  ini<)iinni 

feol  a<ipexit,  urbinm  maxima. 


>Iem.  5.]  Remedies  against  Diicontents,  39 

ever  the  sun  siione  upon,  hatb  now  nothing  but  walls  and 
rubbish  left. 

*  Quid  Pandioniee  restant,  nisi  nomen,  Athense  ? 
Thus  ''Pausanias  complained  in  his  times.  And  where  is  Troy 
itself  now,  Persepolis,  Carthaoe,Cyzicum,  Sparta,  Argos,  and 
all  those  Grecian  cities?  Syracuse  and  Agrigentum,  the  fairest 
towns  in  Sicily,  which  had  sometimes  7OOOOO  inhabitants,  are 
now  decayed :  the  names  of  Hieron,  Empedocles,  &c.  of  those 
mighty  numbers  of  people,  only  left.  One  Anacharsis  is  re- 
membred  amongst  the  Scythians;  the  world  it  self  must  have  an 
end,  and  every  part  of  it.  Cceterce  igitur  nrhes  sunt  mortales,  as 
Peter'^Gillius  concludes  of  Constantinople;  hcFC  sane,  qnamdiu 
erunt  homines  ;  Jutura  mihi  videtur  immortalis ;  but 'tis  not  so: 
nor  site,  nor  strength,  nor  sea,  nor  land,  can  vindicate  a  city  ; 
but  it  and  all  must  vanish  at  last.  And,  as  to  a  traveller, 
great  mountains  seem  plains  afar  off,  at  last  are  not  discerned 
at  all ;  cities,  men,  monuments  decay  : 

nee  solidis  prodest  sua  machina  terris  : 

the  names  are  only  left,  those  at  length  forgotten,  and  are  in- 
volved in  perpetual  night. 

^Returning  out  of^^sia,  when  I  sailed  from  ^gina  toward 
Megara,  I  began  (saith  Servius  Sulpitius,  in  a  consolatory 
epistle  of  his  to  Tully)  to  view  the  country  round  about,  j^gina 
was  behind  me,  Megara  before,  Pirceeus  on  the  right  hand, 
Corinth  on  the  left,  ichat  flourishing  towns  heretofore,  now 
prostrate  and  overu-helmed  be/ore  mine  eyes  !  I  began  to  think 
with  myself,  Alas  !  why  are  ice  men  so  much  disquieted  with 
the  departure  of  a  friend,  ichose  life  is  much  shorter,  '  ichen  so 
many  goodly  cities  lye  buried  before  us?  Remember,  O  Servius, 
thou  art  a  man ;  and  icith  that  I  was  much  confirmed,  and 
corrected  myself.  Correct  then  likewise,  and  comfort  thyself 
in  this,  that  we  must  necessarily  dye,  and  all  dye,  that  we  shall 
rise  again,  as  Tully  held,  picundi  or  que  mult  0  congressus  noster 
futurus,quam  insuavis  etacerbus  digressus,  our  second  meeting 
shall  be  much  more  pleasant,  then  our  departure  was  grievous. 
I,  but  he  was  my  most  dear  and  loving  friend, my  sole  friend : 

^Quis  desiderio  sit  pudor  aut  modus 
Tam  cari  capitis  1 

And  who  can  blame  my  woe  ?    Thoumayst  be  ashamed,  I  say 
with  8 Seneca,  to  confess  it,  in  such  a  ^tempest  as  this  to  have 


»Ovid,  bArcad.  lib.  8.  ePrasfat  Topogr.  Constantinop.  faEpisL 

Toll.  lib.  3.  eQiinni  tot  oppidornm  cadavera  ante  oculos  projecta  jacent 

'Hor.  lib.  1.  Od.  24.  gDe  reined,  fortait.  ^  Erabesce.  tanti  terapeiitate 

quod  ad  unam  anchorara  stabas. 


fiO  Cure  of  Mehinrhohf.  [Fart.  2.  Sei .  3. 

hut  one  anchor  ;  go  seek  anothor:  and.  for  his  part,  thou  <lost 
him  greaf  injury  to  desire  his  lonoor  life.  * XM/f  fJmu  huvp  him 
crazed  and  sickly  still,  like  a  tired  traveller  that  conies  weary 
to  his  iune,  begin  his  journey  afresh,  or  to  he  freed  from  his 
miseries  ?  Thou  hadst  more  need  rejoice  that  he  is  (jone.  An- 
other complains  of  a  most  sweet  wife,  a  young-  wife, 
(Nondura  sustulerat  flavum  Proserpina  crinem) 

such  a  wife  as  no  mortal  man  ever  had,  so  good  a  w  ife  :  but 
she  is  now  dead  and  gone, 

Lethaeoque  jacet  condita  sarcophago. 
I  reply  to  him,  in  Senecas  words,  if  such  a  woman  at  least 
ever  was  to  be  had,  ^he  did  either  so  find  or  make  her  ;  if  he 
found  her,  he  may  as  happily  find  another ;  if  he  made  her,  as 
Critobelus  in  Xenophon  did  by  his,  he  may  as  good  cheap  in- 
form another ; 

Et  bona  tarn  sequitur,  quam  bona  prima  fuit; 

he  need  not  despair,  so  long  as  the  same  master  is  to  be  had. 
But  was  she  good?  Had  she  been  so  tryed  perad venture  as 
that  Ephesian  widow  in  Petronius,  by  some  swaggering  souldier, 
she  might  not  have  held  out.  Many  a  man  would  have  been 
willingly  rid  of  his:  before  thou  wast  bound;  now  thou  art  free; 
*  and 'tis  but  a  folly  to  love  thy  fetters,  though  they  be  of  gold. 
Come  into  a  third  place,  you  shall  have  an  aged  father  sighing 
for  a  Sonne,  a  pretty  childe ; 

•^  Impube  pectus,  quale  vel  impia 
Molliret  Thracum  pectora 

He  now  lyes  asleep, 

Would  make  an  impious  Thracian  weep — 

or  some  fine  daughter  that  dyed  young, 

®  Nondum  experta  novi  gaudia  prima  tori — 

or  forlorn  son  for  his  deceased  father.  But  why  ?  Prior  eriit, 
prior  intravit ;  he  came  first,  and  he  must  go  first.  Tufrustra 
pius.  heu,  Si'c.  What?  wouldst  thou  have  the  laws  of  nature 
altered,  and  him  to  live  alwayes?  Julius  Caesar,  Augustus,  AI- 
cibiades,  Galen,  Aristotle,  lost  their  fathers  young.  And  why 
on  the  other  side  shouldst  thou  so  heavily  take  the  death  of 
thy  little  son  ? 

f  Kum,  quia  nee  fate,  merita  nee  morte,  peribat, 
Sed  miser  ante  diem — 


»Visaegruin,  et  morbidam,  sitibundam?  jjaude  potias  quod  his  malis  Hberatus  8it. 
*>Uxorem  bonam  ant  invenisti,  ant  sic  fecisti :  si  invenerii,  aliatn  habere  te  posse  ex  hoc 
iatellitramns  :  si  feceris,  bene  speres  ;  saJrus  est  artrfex.  '"Stalti 

estcompedes,  licet  aoreas,  amare.  <i  Hot.  •  Hot,  lib.  1.  Od.  24. 

fVirg.  4.  iEn. 


Mem.  5.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  61 

he  died  before  his  time  perhaps,  not  yet  come  to  the  solstice  of 
his  age!  yet  was  he  not  mortal?  Hear  that  divine  ''Epictetus  : 
Ifthon  covet  thy  loij'e,  friends,  children,  should  live  ahvayesy 
thou  art  a  fool.  He  was  a  fine  child  indeed,  dignus  Apotlineis 
lacrgmis,  a  sweet,  a  loving,  a  fair,  a  witty  child,  of  great  hope, 
anotiier  Eteoneus,  whom  Pindarus  the  poet,  and  Aristides  the 
rhetorician,  so  much  lament;  bnt  who  can  tell  whether  he 
would  have  been  an  honest  man  ?  He  might  have  proved  a 
thief,  a  rogue,  aspendthrift,  a  disobedient  son,  vexed  and  galled 
thee  more  than  all  the  world  beside;  he  might  have  wrangled 
with  thee  and  disagreed,  or  with  his  brothers,  as  Eteocles 
and  Polynices,  and  broke  thy  heart:  he  is  now  gone  to  eternity, 
as  another  Ganymede  in  the  ^ flower  of  his  youth,  as  if  he 
had  risen,  saith  Plutarch,  ""from  the  midst  of  a  feast  before 
he  was  drunk;  the  longer  he  had  lived,  the  worse  he  tvould  have 
been,  and  (pio  vitalongior,  (Ambrose  thinks)  culpa  7iumerosior, 
more  sinful,  more  to  answer  he  would  have  had.  If  he  was 
naught,  thou  mayst  be  glad  he  is  gone;  if  good,  be  glad  thou 
hadst  such  a  son.  Or  art  thou  sure  he  was  good  ?  It  may 
be  he  was  an  hypocrite,  as  many  are ;  and,  howsoever  he 
spake  thee  fair,  peradventure  he  prayed,  amongst  the  rest  that 
Icaro-Menippus  heard  at  Jupiters  whispering  place  in  Lucian, 
for  his  fathers  death,  because  he  now  kept  him  short,  he  was  to 
inherit  much  goods,  and  many  fair  manors  after  his  decease. 
Or  put  case  he  was  very  good,  suppose  the  best,  may  not  thy 
dead  son  expostulate  with  thee,  as  he  did  in  the  same  "^Lucian, 
fVhy  dost  thou  lament  my  death,  or  call  me  miserable  that  am 
much  more  happy  then  thy  self?  what  misfortune  is  hefaln 
me  ?  Is  it  because  I  am  not  bald,  crooked,  old,  rotten,  as  thou 
art  ?  What  have  I  lost  ?  some  of  your  good  chear,  gat/ 
cloths,  musick,  singing,  dancing,  kissing,  merry  meetings, 
tbalami  lubentias,  &c.  is  that  it  ?  Is  it  not  much  better  not 
to  hunger  at  all  then  to  eat :  not  to  thirst  then  to  drink  to 
salisfie  thirst:  not  to  he  cold  then  to  put  on  cloths  to  drive  atvay 
CO  Id?  You  had  more  need  re  Joyce  that  I  amfreedfrom  disease's, 
agues,  cares,  anxieties,  livor,  love,  covetousness,  hatred,  etivy, 
malice,  that  I  fear  no  more  thieves,  tyrants,  enemies,  as 
you  do, 

■iCap.  19.  Si  id  studes  ut  uxor,  amici,  liberi  perpetuo  vivant,  stultus  es.  *>  Deus 

quos  diligit,  jnvenes  rapit.     Menan.  « Consol.  ad  Apol,     Apollonins  filius  tuus 

in  lioro  decessit,  ante  nos  ad  aeternitatem  digressus,  taraqaatn  e  convivio  abiens,  prias- 
quam  in  errorem  aliquem  e  temulentia  incideret,  quales  in  longa  senecta  aecidere  solent. 
<*  Tom.  1.  Tract,  de  Inctu.  Quid  roe  mortuum  miserum  vocas,  qui  te  sum  niulto  felicior  ? 
aut  quid  acerbi  mihi  putas  contigisse  ?  an  quia  non  sum  calvus,  senex,  ut  tu,  facie 
rugosus,  iucurvus,  &c.  O  dcmens  !  quid  fibi  videtur  in  vita  boni?  nimirum  amicitias, 
ccenas,  &c.  Longe  melius  non  csurire  quam  edere ;  non  sitire,  &,c.  Gaude  potius 
quod  morbos  tt  febres  effagerim,  angorem  animi,  &c.  E^ulatus  quid  prodest  ?  quid 
^acryaiBe,  &c. 


Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  S. 

■  Id  cinerem  el  manes  credis  curare  sepultos  ? 

Do  they  concern  us  all,  think  you,  when  we  are  once  dead  ? 
Condole  not  others  then  overmuch ;  wish  not  or  fear  thine 
own  death. 

^  Summum  nee  metuas  diem  nee  optes  ; 

'tis  to  uo  purpose. 

Excessi  e  vitae  serumnis  facilisque  lubensqur, 
Ne  pejora  ipsa  merle  dehinc  videam  : 

I  left  this  irksome  life  with  all  mine  heart, 

Lest  worse  than  death  should  happen  to  my  part. 

•Cardinal!  Brundusinus  caused  this  epitaph  in  Rome  to  be  in- 
scribed on  his  tomb,  to  shew  his  willingness  to  dye,  and  taxe 
those  that  were  so  loth  to  depart.  Weep  and  howl  no  more 
then;  'tis  to  small  purpose:  and,  as  ''Tully  adviseth  us  in  the 
like  case,  7ion  quos  amisimus,  sod  quantum  lugere  par  sit,  co- 
gitemus :  think  what  we  do,  not  whom  we  have  lost.  So 
David  did,  2  Sam.  22.  While  the  child  teas  ifpt  alive,  I  fasted 
and  wept;  but,  being  note  dead,  tchi/  should  I  fast  ?  Can  I 
bring  him  again  ?  I  shall  go  to  him;  hut  he  cannot  return  to 
me.  He  that  doth  otherwise  is  an  intemperate,  a  weak,  a  silly, 
and  undiscreet  man.  Though  Aristotle  deny  any  part  of  in- 
temperance to  be  conversant  about  sorrow,  I  am  of  "^  Senecas 
mind — he  that  is  rcise  is  temperate;  and  he  that  is  tempe- 
rate is  constant,  free  from  passion  ;  and  he  that  is  such  a 
one,  is  tcithont  sorrow,  as  all  wise  men  should  be.  The 
•Thracians  wept  still  when  a  child  was  born,  feasled  and  made 
mirth  when  any  man  was  buried:  and  so  should  we  rather  be 
glad  for  such  as  die  well,  that  they  are  so  happily  freed  from 
the  miseries  of  this  life.  ^Vhen  Eteoneus,  that  noble  young 
Greek,  was  so  generally  lamented  by  his  friends,  Pindarus  the 
poet  faines  some  god  saying",  Silete,  homines  ;  non  enim  miser 
est,  ^-c.  be  quiet,  good  folks;  this  young  man  is  not  so  miser- 
able as  you  think;  he  is  neither  gone  to  Styx  nor  Acheron,  sed 
gloriosus  el  seuii  expers  heros,  he  lives  for  ever  in  the  Ely- 
sian  fields;  he  now  cnjoyes  that  happinesse  which  your  great 
kings  so  earnestly  seek,  and  wears  that  garland  for  which  ye 
contend.  If  our  present  weakness  is  such,  we  cannot  mode- 
rate our  ])assions  in  this  behalf,  we  must  divert  them  by  all 
means,  by  doing  something;  else,  thinking  of  another  subject. 
The  Italians,  most  part,  sleep  away  care  and  grief,  if  it  un- 
seasonably seise  upon  them;  Danes,  Dutclimen,  Polanders, 

'Virgil.  t-Mart.  f  Cbjtrtus.  dfliciis  Europe.  <i  Epist.  85. 

•  Sardus,  de  mor.  gen. 


Mem.  6.]  Remedies  againat  Discontenta.  63 

and  Bohemians  drink  it  down  ;  our  countrymen  go  to  player. 
Doe  something  or  other ;  let  it  not  transpose  thee ;  or,  by 
*  premeditation,  make  such  accidents  Jamiliar,  as  Ulysses,  that 
wept  for  his  dog,  but  not  for  his  wife,  quod paratus  esset  animo 
objinnato  (Plut.  de  anini.  tranq.) :  accustome  thy  self,  and 
harden  before  hand,  by  seeing  other  mens  calamities,  and  ap- 
plying them  to  thy  present  estate  : 

Prsevisum,  est  levlus,  quod  fuit  ante,  malum. 
I  will  conclude  with  ^^T(AcXei\\f>,,  If  thou  lovest  a  pot  ^remember 
'tis  but  a  pot  thou  lovest ;  and  thou  wilt  not  he  troubled  ivhen 
Vis  broken :  if  thou  lovest  a  son  or  wife,  remember  therj  are  mor- 
tall ;  and  thou  wilt  not  be  so  impatient.  And  for  false  fears 
and  all  other  fortuite  inconveniences,  mischances,  calamities, 
to  resist  and  prepare  our  selves  not  to  faint,  is  best; 

*=  Stultum  est  timere  quod  vitari  non  potest ; 
'tis  a  folly  to  fear  that  which  cannot  be  avoided,  or  to  be  dis- 
couraged at  all. 

*  Nam  quisquis  trepidus  pavet  vel  optat, 
Abjecit  clypeum,  locoque  motus, 
Nectit,  qua  valeat  trahi,  catenam  : 
for  he  that  so  faints  or  fears,  and  yeelds  to  his  passion,  flings 
away  his  own  weapons,  makes  a  cord  to  bind  himself,  and  puis 
a  beam  upon  his  own  head. 


MEMB.  VI. 

Against  Envie,  Livor,  Emulation,  Hatred,  Ambition^  Self- 
love,  and  all  other  Affections. 

Against  those  other  *  passions  and  affections,  there  is 
no  better  remedy,  then  (as  mariners,  when  they  go  to  sea, 
provide  all  things  necessary  to  resist  a  tempest)  to  furnish  our 
selves  with  philosophical!  and  divine  precepts,  other  mens 
examples ; 

fPericulum  ex  aliis  facere,  sibi  quod  ex  usu  siet: 
to  balance  our  hearts  with  love,  charity,  meekness,  patience, 
and  counterpoise  those  irregular  motions  of  envie,  livor,  spleen, 
hatred,  with  their  opposite  vertues,  as  we   bend  a  crooked 

»  Praemeditatione  facilem  reddere  quemque  casum.  Plutarchus,  consolalione  ad 
Apolloniuin.  Assuefacere  nos  casibus  debemus.  Tail.  lib.  3.  Tusculan.  quaest. 
i"  Cap.  8.  Si  oUam  diligas,  memento  te  ollam  diligere  :  non  perturbaberis  ca  confracta : 
81  filium  aut  uxorem,  memento  hominem  a  te  dilig^,  &c.  <=  Seneca.  ^  Boeth 

lib.  1.  pros.  4.  <"  Qui  invidiam  fcrre  non  potest,  ferrc  coutemptum  cogitur 

fJer  Heautour 


64  Cure  of  Melanchohj.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

KtafFe  another  way;  to  oppose  " svjf'cranco  to  labour,  pafienre  to 
reproach,  bounty  to  oovetonsness,  fortitude  to  pusilhuiitnity, 
meekness  to  anq-er,  humility  to  y)ri(]e;  to  examine  our  selves, 
for  what  cause  we  are  so  much  (lisf(uiete(l,  on  Avhat  ground, 
what  occasion,  is  it  just  or  fained?  and  then  either  to  pacific 
our  selves  by  reason,  to  divert  by  some  other  object,  contrary 
passsion,  or  premeditation.  ^  McdUnri  scrum  oportct  quojiacto 
(idversam  arumnam  J'erat,  pcricla,  damna,  exsllia :  percqre 
rcdiens  semper  cof/itat  aut  fUii  peccatnm,  ant  uxoris  mortem, 
aut  morhum  filicc  ;  eommnnia  esse  Iio'c ;  fieri  posse  ;  nt  nequid 
ammo  sit  novum  :  to  make  them  familiar,  even  all  kinde  of 
calamities,  that,  when  they  happen,  they  may  may  be  lesse 
troublesome  unto  us  (in  secnndis  medilure,  quo  pactojeras 
adcersa),  or  out  of  mature  judgement  to  avoid  the  effect,  or 
disannull  the  cause,  as  they  do  that  are  troubled  with  tooth- 
ach,  pull  them  quite  out. 

«^  Ut  vivat  castor,  sibi  testes  amputat  ipse  : 
Tu  quoque,  siqua  nocent,  abjice,  talus  cris. 

The  beaver  bites  ofF's  stones  to  save  the  rest : 
Do  thou  the  hke  with  that  thou  art  opprest. 

Or  as  they  that  play  at  wasters,  exercise  themselves  by  a  few 
cudgels  how  to  avoid  an  enemies  blows,  let  us  arm  our  selves 
against  all  such  violent  incursions,  which  may  invadeourminds. 
A  little  experience  and  practice  will  inure  us  to  it;  vetulavul- 
pes,  as  the  proverb  saith,  laqueo  hand  capitur;  an  old  fox  is 
not  so  easily  taken  in  a  snare ;  an  old  souldier  in  the  >vorld, 
me  thinkes,  should  not  be  disquieted,  but  ready  to  receive  all 
fortunes,  encounters,  and  with  that  resolute  captain,  come 
what  may  come,  to  make  answer, 


-"^  non  ulla  laborum, 


O  virgo,  nova  mi  facies,  inopinave,  surgit : 
Omnia  percepi,  atque  animo  niecum  ante  peregi. 

No  labour  comes  at  unawares  to  me; 
For  I  have  long  before  cast  what  may  be. 

■ non  hoc  primum  mea  pectora  vulnus 

Scnserunt;  graviora  tuli — ■ 

The  commonwealth  of  "^  Venice,  in  their  armory,  have  this  in- 
scription, Happif  is  that  citie  which  in  time  oj' peace  thinks  of 
war,  a  fit  motto  for  every  mans  private  house  :  happy  is  the 

>Epictetns,  c.  14.  Si  labor  objectus  fuerit  tolorantiaj,  convicium  patienHfe,  &c.  si  ita 
coneueveris,  vitii8  non  obteinperabis.  iiTer.  Phor.  ^^  Alciat.  Embl. 

"iVirR.  ."En.  c  Nat.  Cbytreus,  deliciis  Europse.     Felix  civitas,  quse  tempore 

paci»  de  bello  rogital. 


^lem.  6.]  Remedips  against  Dl-iconteuts.  65 

man  that  provides  for  a  future  assault.  But  many  times  we 
complain,  repine  and  mutter  without  a  cause  ;  we  give  way  to 
passions,  we  may  resist,  and  will  not.  Socrates  was  bad  by  na- 
ture, envious,  (as  he  confessed  to  Zopyrus  the  physiognomer, 
accusing  him  of  it)  froward,  and  lascivious:  but,  as  he  was  So- 
crates, he  did  correct  and  amend  himself.  Thou  art  malicious, 
envious,  covetous,  impatient,  no  doubt,  and  lascivious;  yet,  as 
thou  art  a  Christian,  correct  and  moderate  thyself.  'Tis  some- 
thing, I  confesse,  and  able  to  move  any  man,  to  see  himself 
contemned,  obscure,  neglected,  disgraced,  undervalued,  Heft 
behind:  some  cannot  endure  it,  no  not  constant  Lipsius,  a  man 
discreet  otherwise,  yet  too  weak  and  passionate  in  this,  as  his 
words  expresse — "  collegas  o/im,  quos  ego  sine  fremitu  non  in- 
tueor,  nuper  terrcB  filios,  nune  3Icece nates  et  ^^grippas  habeo,  •  • 
siimmo  jam  motite  potitos.  But  he  was  much  to  blame  for  it : 
to  a  wise  staid  man,  this  is  nothing;  we  cannot  all  be  honoured 
and  rich,  all  Caesars;  if  we  will  be  content,  our  present  state  is 
good,  and,  in  some  mens  opinion,  to  be  preferred.  Let  them 
go  on,  get  wealth,  offices,  titles,  honours,  preferments,  and  what 
they  will  themselves,  by  chance,  fraud,  iniposture,  simony,  and 
indirect  means,  as  too  many  do,  by  bribery,  flattery,  and  parasi- 
tical] insinuation,  by  impudence,  and  time-serving:  let  them 
climbe  up  to  advancement  in  despite  of  vertue  ;  let  them  go  he- 
J'ore,  crosse  me  on  every  side  ;  "  me  non  offendunt,  modo  non  in 
oculos  incurrant,  (as  he  said,  correcting  his  former  errour)  they 
do  not  offend  me,  so  long  as  they  run  not  into  mine  eyes.  I  am 
inglorious  and  poor,  compositd  panpertate,  but  1  live  secure 
and  quiet:  they  are  dignified,  have  great  means,  pompe  and 
state;  they  are  glorious  ;  but  what  have  they  with  it?  ^ envie, 
trouble,  anxiety,  as  much  labour  to  maintain  their  place  with 
credit,  as  to  get  it  at  first.  I  am  contented  with  my  fortunes, 
spectator  e  longinquo,  and  love 

Neptunum  procul  e  terra  spectare  furentera  : 

he  is  ambitious,  and  not  satisfied  with  his:  but  what ''gets  he  by 
it?  to  have  all  his  life  laid  open,  his  reproaches  seen ;  not  one  of 
a  thousand, but  he  hath  done  more  worthy  of  dispraise  andani- 
viadversion,  then  commendation;  no  better  means  to  help  this 
then  to  be  private.  Let  them  run,  ride,  strive  as  so  many  fishes 
for  a  crum,  scrape,  climb, catch,  snatch,  cozen,  collogue, tempo- 


»Occupet  extiemum  scabies  ;  mihi  turpe  relinqui  est.     Hor.  *> Lipsitis,  epist. 

quffist.  lib   1.  ep.  7.                <^  Lipsius,  epist  lib.  1.  epist.  7.  <"  Gloria  comitem 

habet  invidiam  :  pari  onere  premitur  retinendo  ac  acquirendo.  ^  QaoH  aliud  am- 

bitiosus  sibi  parat,  quam  ut  probra  ejus  pateant?  nemo  vivens  qui  non  habet  in  vita 
plura  vituperatione  quam  lande  digna ;  his  malis  non  melius  nccurritnr,  quam  si  bene 
latueris. 

vol.,    II.  P 


66  Cure  of  Melurchohi.  [  Port.  "2.  S<»r.  3. 

rizc,  aiifl  fleire,  take  all  ninoiio-st  tliein,  wealth,  honour,  "aixl 
gfet  what  they  can  ;  it  ofteiuls  me  not  : 

^  me  mea  tellus 

Lare  sccrelo  lutoque  tegat, 

I  am  well  pleased  with  my  fortunes  : 

*" — Vivo  et  regno  simul  ista  relinquens, 

I  have  learned,  in  ichat  state  soever  I  am^  therewith  to  be  corf- 
tented  (Philip.  1.  11)  :  come  what  can  come,  I  am  prepared  : 

Nave  ferar  magna  an  parva,  ferar  uniis  et  idem  : 

I  am  the  same.  1  was  once  so  mad  to  hussell  abroad,  and  seek 
about  for  preferment,  tyre  my  self,  and  trouble  all  my  friends  ; 
sed  nihil  labor  tantus  proj'ecit :  nam  (bnn  alios  amicon/m  mors 
avocat,  afiis  icpiotus  sum,  his  invisns;  alii  larye  promittunt  ; 
intercedunt  illi  mecum  soliciti;  hi  vand  spe  lactant ;  dnm  alios 
ambio,  has  capto.  illis  iunote^co,  cctasperit,  anni  dcflnunt,  amici 
fatif/antur,  cr/o  deseror,  et  jam,  mundi  tannsjaanan^que  satur 
injidelitatis,  acquiesco.  And  so  I  say  still;  although  I  may  not 
deny,  but  that  I  have  had  some  ''bountifull  patrons,  and  noble 
benefactors,  7ie  sim  interim  inr/ratns,  and  I  do  thankfully  ac- 
knowledge it,  I  have  received  some  kindness,  (quod  Deus  illis 
henejicium  rependat)  si  nonpro  vot.is,J'ortasse  pro  nieritis,  more 
peradventure  then  I  deserve,  though  not  to  my  desire,  more  of 
them  then  I  did  expect,  yet  not  of  others  to  my  desert;  neither 
am  I  ambitious  or  covetous,  all  this  m  hile,  or  a  Suftenus  to 
myself;  what  I  have  said,  without  prejudice  or  alteration  shall 
stand.  And  now,  as  a  mired  horse  that  struggles  at  first  with 
all  his  might  and  main  to  get  out,  but,  when  he  sees  no  remedy, 
that  his  beating  will  not  serve,  lies  still,  1  have  laboured  in 
vain,  rest  satisfied,  and,  if  I  may  usnrpe  that  of  ^Prudentius, 

Inveni  portum.     Spes  et  Fortuna,  valete  ! 
Nil  mihi  vobiscum  :  ludite  nunc  alios. 

Mine  haven's  found  :   Fortune  and  Hope,  adieu  ! 
Mock  others  now  :  lor  I  have  done  with  you. 

a  Et  ornnes  Fama  per  urbes  ganiila  laudet.  b  Sen.  Her.  Fnr.  <'  Hor. 

^The  right  hoDiMirable  lady  Frances  Countesse  Dowager  of  Exeter.  The  Lord 
Berkley.  t  Disiidion  ejus  in  niiliteni  Chri.stiauum,  e  Grseco.     Engraren  on 

tike  tomb  of  Fr.  Pnccius  the  Florentine,  in  Rome.     Chytreus,  in  deliciis. 


Mem.  7.]  Reweffiex  (((fnhist  Dhfimfents.  67 


31EMB.  VII. 

Against  Repulse,  Abuses,  Injuries,  Contempts,  Disgraces, 
Contumelies^  Slanders,  Scojf's,  Sfc. 

J-  MAY  not  yet  conclude,  orthink  to  appease  passions,  or  quiet 
the  minde,till  such  time  as  I  have  likewise  removed  some  other 
of  their  more  eminent  and  ordinary  causes,  which  produce 
so  grievous  tortures  and  discontents.  To  divert  all  1  cannot 
hope  ;  to  point  alone  at  some  few  of  the  chiefest,  is  that  which 
I  ainie  at. 

Repulse.^  Repulse  and  disgrace  are  two  main  causes  of  dis- 
content, but,  to  an  understanding  man,  not  so  hardly  to  be 
taken.  Caesar  himself  hath  been  denied;  ^and  when  two 
stand  equall  in  fortune,  birth,  and  all  other  qualities  alike,  one 
of  necessitie  must  lose.  Why  shouldst  thou  take  it  so  grie- 
vously ?  It  hath  been  a  familiar  thing  for  thee  thy  self  to  deny 
others.  If  every  man  might  have  what  he  would,  we  should 
all  be  deified,  emperours,  kings,  princes  ;  if  whatsoever  vain 
hope  suggests,  unsatiable  appetite  affects,  our  preposterous 
judgement  thinks  fit  were  granted,  we  should  have  another 
chaos  in  an  instant,  a  meer  confusion.  It  is  some  satisfaction 
to  him  that  is  repelled,  that  dignities,  honours,  offices,  are  not 
alwayes  given  by  desert  or  worth,  but  for  love,  aftinitie,  friend- 
ship, affection,  "^ great  mens  letters,  or  as  commonly  they  are 
bought  and  sold.  ''Honours  in  court  are  bestowed,  not  accord- 
ing to  mens  vertues  and  good  conditions  (as  an  old  courtier  ob- 
serves); btit,  as  every  man  hath  means,  or  more  potent  friends, 
so  he  is  preferred.  With  us  in  France  ('^  for  so  their  own 
countrey  man  relates)  most  part  the  matter  is  carried  by  favour 
and  grace  ;  he  that  can  get  a  great  man  to  be  his  mediatourf 
runnes  away  with  all  the  preferment.  Indignissimus  plerum- 
que  pr(Bfertur,  Vatinius  Catoni,  iUaudatus  laudatissimo  : 


servi  dominantur  :  aselli 


Ornantikr  phaleris;  depbalerantur  equi. 
An  illiterate  fool  sits  in  a  mans  seat;  and  the  common  people 


a  Paedaretas,   in  300   Lacedaemonioram    numeram  non  electns,  risit,   gratulari   se 
dicens  civitatem  habere  300  cives  se  meliores.  ''.Kissing  goes  by  favour. 

Cj^neas  Syl.  de  miser,  curial.  Dantur  honores  in  curiis,  non  secundum  honores  et 
virtntes ;  sed  ut  qnisque  ditior  est  atqne  potentior,  eo  magis  honoratur.  ^  ge- 

sellius,  lib.  2.  de  repub.  Gallonim.  Favore  apud  nos  et  gratia  plerumque  res  agitur ; 
et  qui  coramodum  aliquera  nacti  sunt  intercessorem,  aditum  fere  habent  ^  omnes 
prjefecturas. 

f2 


rtS  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Purt.  2.  Sec. -T 

liolil  liiiii  Ii  oriicd,  yrnvo,  and  wisr.  Oil*' proj esse/ h  ("Cardan 
well  noies)  J'or  a  tliovsand  rrnwnps ;  hut  he  deservrs  not  ten; 
nJicH  as  he  that  cIchitvcs  a  thousand  cannot. rjet  tan.  Salari- 
uni  nan  dat  muUis  .salcm.  As  frond  horses  draw  in  carts,  as 
coaches;  and  ortentirnes,  which  31achiavel  seconds,  ^principes 
non  sunt,  qui  oh  insif/nmi  virtntpm  principntu  dif/ni  sunt ;  he 
that  is  most  worlliy  wants  iinployment;  he  that  hath  skill  to  be 
a  pilot  Avants  a  ship;  and  he  that  could  govern  a  common- 
wealth, a  worhl  it  self,  a  king"  it)  conceit,  wants  means  to  exer- 
cise his  worth,  hath  not  a  poor  otTice  to  manage.  And  yet  all 
this  while  he  is  a  better  man  than  is  Ht  to  reign,  cfsi  careat  reg- 
no, though  he  want  a  kingdome,  '^  then  he  that  hath  one,  and 
knows  not  how  to  rule  it.  A  lion  serves  not  ahvayes  his  keeper, 
but  oftentimes  the  keeper  the  lion  ;  and,  as  "^Polydore  Virgil 
hath  it,  wulti  rer/es,  ut  pupilli,  oh  inscitiam  non  regunt,  sed 
rerjuntur.  Hieron  of  Syracuse  was  a  brave  king-,  but  wanted  a 
kingdom  ;  Perseus  of  5lacedon  had  nothing-  of  a  king  but  the 
bare  name  and  title;  for  he  could  not  govern  it:  so  great  places 
are  often  ill  bestowed,  worthy  persons  unrespected.  Many 
times  too  the  servants  have  more  means  then  the  masters  whom 
they  serve;  which  ""Epictetus  counts  an  eye-sore  and  inconve- 
nient. But  who  can  help  it?  It  is  an  ordinary  thing  in  these 
dayes  to  see  a  base  impudent  asse,  illiterate,  unworthy,  unsuffi- 
cient,  to  be  preferred  before  his  betters,  because  he  can  put 
himself  forward,  because  he  looks  big,  can  bustle  in  the  Morld, 
hath  a  fair  outside,  can  temporize,  collogue,  insinuate,  or  hath 
good  store  of  friends  and  mony  ;  whereas  a  more  discreet, 
modest,  and  better  deserving  man  shall  lie  hid  or  have  a  re- 
pulse. "Twas  so  of  old,  an<l  ever  will  be,  and  which  Tiresias 
advised  Ulysses  in  the  *  poet, 

Accipe,  qua  ratione  queas  ditescere,  &c. 

is  still  in  use;  lie,  flatter  and  dissemble:  if  not,  as  he  concludes, 

Erg-o  pauper  eris, 

then  go  like  a  beg-gar.  as  thou  art.  Erasmus,  Melancthon, 
Lipsius.  Buda^us,  Cardan,  liv'd  and  died  poor.  Gesner  was 
a  silly  old  man,  baculo  innixus,  amongst  all  those  huffing  car- 
dinals, swelling  bishops,  that  flourished  in  his  time,  and  rode 
on  foot-clothes.     It  is  not  honesty,  learning,  worth,  wisdom, 


»  Imperitus  periti  mnnus  occnpat,  et  sic  apnd  vulgns  hnbetDr.  IIIp  profitetur  mille 
coronatis,  com  nee  decern  mereatur  ;  alius  e  diverse  mille  dignns,  vis  decern  consequi 
potest  ''Epibt.  dedic.  disput.  Zeubbeo  Bondetnonlio,  et  Cosmo  Rucelaio. 

<=  Qiiarr.  is  qai  regnat,  et  regnandi  sit  imperitus.  <^  Lib.  22.  hisl.  e  Ministri 

locupletiorei  sunt  iis  qaibus  ministratnr.  '  Hor.  lib.  2.  Sat  5. 


Mem.  7.]  Reinedie*  against  Discontents.  69 

that  prefers  men,  (the  race  is  not  to  the  swift,  nor  the  battle 
to  the  strong)  but,  as  tlie  wise  man  said,  ^chancp,  and  sometimes 
a  ridicul(»iis  chance:  ^ casus  plernmque  ridiculus  mulios  ele- 
vavit.  'Tis  fortunes  doings,  as  they  say,  which  made  Brutus 
now  dying  exclaim,  O  misera  virtus  !  ergo  nihil  quam  verba 
eras  !  afqvi  ego  te  lanqnnm  rem  exercehatn  :  seel  tu  servicbas 
fortunce.  Beleeve  it  hereafter,  O  my  friends  .'  ^'erfue  serves 
fortune.  Yet  be  not  discouraged  (O  my  well  deserving  spirits) 
with  this  which  1  have  said  :  it  may  be  otherwise ;  tliough 
seldom,  I  confesse,  yet  sometimes  it  is  But,  to  your  farther 
content,  I'e  tell  you  a  "^tale.  In  Moronia  pia,  or  Moronia 
felix,  I  know  not  whether,  nor  how  long  since,  nor  in  what 
cathedrall  church,  a  fat  prebend  fell  void.  The  carcasse  scarce 
cold,  many  sutors  were  up  in  an  instant.  The  first  had  rich 
friends,  a  good  purse;  and  he  was  resolved  to  out-bid  any 
man  before  he  would  lose  it;  every  man  supposed  he  should 
carry  it.  The  second  was  my  Lord  Bishops  cliaplain  (in 
whose  gift  it  was);  and  he  thought  it  his  due  to  have  it.  The 
third  was  nobly  born ;  and  he  meant  to  get  it  by  his  great 
parents,  patrons, and  allies.  The  f(-ir>th  stood  upon  his  worth; 
he  had  newly  found  out  strange  mysteries  in  chyraistry,  and 
other  rare  inventions,  which  he  would  detect  to  the  publike 
good.  The  fifth  was  a  painfull  preacher  ;  and  he  was  com- 
mended by  the  whole  parish  where  he  dwelt ;  he  had  all  their 
hands  to  his  certificate.  The  sixth  was  the  prebendaries  son 
lately  deceased ;  his  father  died  in  debt  (for  it,  as  they  say),  left 
a  wife  and  many  poor  children.  The  fseventh  stood  upon  fair 
promises,  which  to  him  and  his  noble  friends  had  been  formerly 
made  for  the  next  place  in  his  Lordships  gift.  The  eighth 
pretended  great  losses,  and  what  he  had  suffered  for  the 
church,  what  pains  he  had  taken  at  home  and  abroad  ;  and 
besides  he  brought  noble  mensletters.  The  ninth  had  married 
a  kinswoman,  and  he  sent  his  Avife  to  sue  for  him.  The  tenth 
was  a  forrain  doctor,  a  late  convert,  and  wanted  means.  The 
eleventh  would  exchange  for  anotlier ;  he  did  not  like  the  for- 
mers site,  could  not  agree  with  his  neighbours  and  fellows  upon 
any  termes  ;  he  would  be  gone.  The  twelfth  and  last  was  (a 
suitor  in  conceit)  a  right  honest,  civil,  sober  man,  an  excel- 
lent scholar,  and  such  a  one  as  lived  private  in  the  univer- 
sitie;  but  he  had  neither  means  nor  mony  to  compasse  it ; 
besides  he  hated  all  such  courses  :  he  could  not  speak  for  him- 
self, neither  had  he  any  friend3  to  solicite  his  caus;,  and  there- 
fore made  no  suit,  could  not  expect,  neither  did  he  hope  for, 
or  look  after  it.     The  good  bishop,  amongst  a  jury  of  compe- 

a  Solomon,  Eccles.  9.  11.  ^  Sat.  Menip.  ^  Tale  quid  est  aptid  Valeht. 

Andream,  Apolog.  manip.  .5.  apol.  39. 


70  Cure  of  Melanclwljj.  [Pail.  2.  Sec  3. 

titors,  thus  perplexed,  and  not  yet  resolved  whal  to  do,  or  on 
whom  to  bestow  it,  at  the  hist,  of  his  own  accord,  nieer  njotion, 
and  bountiful  nature,  oave  it  freely  to  the  university  student, 
altoo"ether  unknown  to  him  but  by  fame;  arul,  to  be  brief,  the 
academical  scholar  had  the  prebeiid  sent  him  for  a  y)resent. 
The  newes  was  no  sooner  published  abroad,  but  all  g-ood  stu- 
dents rejoyced,  and  were  much  cheered  uo  wijh  it,  though 
some  would  not  beleeve  it ;  others,  as  men  amazed,  said  it  was 
a  miracle;  but  one  amongst  the  rest  thanked  God  for  it,  and 
said,  Munc  jfivat  tondcm.  studiostfin  c.s.sv,  ef  J)po  infef/ro  corde 
servire.  You  have  heard  my  tale;  but,  alas  !  it  is  but  a  tale,;i 
meer  fiction;  'twas  never  so,  never  like  to  be;  and  so  let  it 
rest.  Well,  be  it  so  then,  they  have  wealth  and  honour,  for- 
tune and  preferment;  every  man  (there's  no  remedy)  nmst 
scramble  as  he  may,  and  shift  as  he  can  ;  yet  Cardan  comfort- 
ed himself  with  this,  -"  the  star  Fomnhant  would  make  him  im- 
mortally and  that  ''after  his  decease  his  books  should  be  found 
in  ladies  studies. 

'^  Dignum  laude  virum  Musa  vetat  mori. 

But  why  shouldst  thou  take  thy  neglect,  thy  canvas,  so  to 
heart?  It  may  be  thou  art  not  fit ;  but  as  a  ''child  that  puts 
on  his  fathers  shoes,  hat,  head  piece,  brestplate,  breeches,  or 
holds  his  spear,  but  is  neither  able  to  wield  the  one  or  wear 
the  other  ;  so  m  ouldst  thou  doe  by  such  an  office,  place,  or 
magistracy  :  thou  art  unfit ;  and  what  is  diffuitji  to  an  unwor- 
thy maiiy  but  (as  ^Salvianus  IvAds)  a  f/old  rinff  in  a  swines 
snoict  ?  Thou  art  a  brute.  JLike  a  bad  actor  (so  'Plutarch 
compares  such  juen)  in  a  tragedy,  (diadema  j'ort,  at  vox  non 
auditur)  thou  wouldst  [)lay  a  kings  part,  but  actest  a  clowne, 
speakest  like  an  asse. 

&  Magna  petis,  I^haellioii,  et  quae  non  viribus  istis,  &c. 

As  James  and  .)ohn,  the  sons  of  Zebedy,  did  ask  they  knew 
not  what;  ne-scis,  tetneraric,  ncscia ;  thou  dost,  as  another  Suf- 
fenus,  overween  thyself;  thou  art  wise  in  thine  own  conceit, 
bat  in  other  more  mature  judgements  altogether  unfit  to 
manage  such  a  businesse.  Or  be  it  thou  art  more  deserving 
then  any  of  thy  rank,  God  in  his  providence  hath  reserved  thee 
for  some  other  fortunes:  .sic  Sitperis  risnin.  Thou  art  humble, 
as  thou  art :  it  may  be,  hadst  thou  been  preferred,  llioU 
wouldst  have  forgotten  God  and  thy  self,  insulted  over  others, 

»  Stella  Fomahant  immortalitatetn  dabit. 
<•  Qui  indoit  thoracem  aut  galeam,  &:c. 
dignitas  indigno,  nisi  circulas  anreus  in  naribii 
Met 


b  Lib.  de  lib.  ]iropriis. 

•Hot. 

•■Lib.  4.  d<^  guber    Dei. 

Quid  est 

lis?           'In  Lysandro, 

fOvid: 

3Icui.  /.j  Remedies  ac/a'mst  Discontents.  7 J 

contemned  thy  friends,  *been  ablock,  a  tyrant,  or  a  deini-o'o(^ ; 
sequiturque  super biajorm am:  ^therefore,  saitli  Chrysostoine, 
pood  men  do  not  alwayes  Jinde  (jrace  and  favour,  lest  theif  shouM 
be  puffed  up  v'ith  tnrgent  titles,  grow  insolent  add  proud. 

Injuries,  abuses,  are  very  offensive,  and  so  much  the  more 
in  tliat  they  think,  veterem  J'erendo,  invitaiit  novum,  by  taking- 
one,  they  provoke  another:  l>ut  it  is  an  erroneous  opinion:  for, 
if  that  %vere  true,  there  would  be  no  end  of  abusing  each  other; 
lis  litem  generat ;  'tis  much  better  with  patience  to  bear,  <'r 
quietly  to  put  it  up.  If  an  asse  kick  me,  saith  Socrates,  shaiJ 
I  strike  him  again?  and,  when  ^his  wife  Xantippe  stroke 
and  misused  him,  to  some  friends  that  would  have  had  him 
strike  her  again,  he  replied  that  he  avouUI  not  make  them 
sport,  or  that  they  should  stand  ])y  and  say  Eia,  Socrates  !  eia, 
Xantippe!  as  we  do  when  dogs  fight,  animate  them  the  more 
by  clapping  of  hands.  Many  men  spend  themselves,  their 
goods,  friends,  fortunes,  upon  small  quarrels,  and  sometimes 
at  other  mens  procurements,  with  much  vexation  of  spirit  and 
anguish  of  raiude;  all  which,  with  good  advice,  or  meditation  of 
friends,  might  have  been  happily  composed,  or  if  patience  had 
taken  place.  Patience,  in  such  cases,  is  a  most  soveraign  re- 
medy, to  put  up,  conceal,  or  dissemble  it,  to  "^forget  and  forgive, 
*  not  seven,  but  seventy  times  seven ;  as  often  as  he  repents, 
forgive  him  ;  Luk.  17.  3.  as  our  Saviour  enjoyns  us,  stroken, 
to  turn  the  other  side:  as  our  ^Apostle  perswades  us,  to  record- 
pence  ?ioman  evill,jGr  evillhut,as  much  as  is  possible,  to  have 
peace  with  all  men  :  not  to  avenge  ourselves,  and  tee  shall  heap 
burning  coales  upon  our  adversaries  head.  For,  if  you  put  vp 
tcrong,  (as  Chrysostome  "comments)  you  get  the  victor ie ;  he 
that  loseth  his  mony,  loseth  not  the  conquest  in  this  our  pjhihso- 
phy.  If  he  contend  with  thee,  submit  thy  self  unto  him  first ; 
yeeld  to  hiuj.  Durum  et  durum  non  faciunt  murnm,  as  the 
diverbis;  two  refractor}^  spirits  will  never  ajiTee ;  the  onely 
means  to  overcome,  is  to  relent;  obsequio  vinces.  Euclide 
(in  Plutarch),  when  his  brother  had  angred  him,  swore  he 
would  be  revenged;  but  hegently  replied, ''Ze?  me  not  live  if 
I  do  not  make  thee  to  love  me  again  ;  upon  which  meek  answer 
he  was  pacified. 

'Flectitur  obsequio  curvatus  ab  arbore  ramus: 
Frangis,  si  vires  experiare  tuas. 

»  Magistratus  vinim  indicat.  •>  Ideo  boai  viri  aliquando  gratiam  non  accipiimt, 

ne  in  superbiam  eleventiir  ventositate  jactantias,  ne  altitudo  niuneris  iiesl'gentiore« 
efficiat.  <^  yElian.  <i  Injuiiarum  remedium  est  oblivio.  <=  Mat.  18.  22. 

Mat.  5.  39.  f  Rom.  12.  17.  s  Si  toleras  injuriam,  victor  evadis ;  qui  enira 

pecuniis  privatus  est,  non  est  privatns  victoria  in  hac  philosopbia.  ''  Dispeream, 

nisi  te  ultus  fuero :  dispeream,  nisi  ut  me  dienceps  amies  aflecero.  i  Joarh. 

Camerarius,  Embl.  31.  cent.  1. 


7$  CureofMdanchol'j.  [I'ail. -2.  Sec.  ?. 

A  branch,  if  easily  bended,  yeelds  to  ihee  : 
Pul  hard,  it  breaks:  the  difference  you  see. 

The  noble  family  of  the  Coliuniii  in  Rome,  when  they  were  ex- 

Eelled  the  city  by  that  furious  Alexander  the  sixth,  gave  the 
ending-  branch  therefore  as  an  impress*",  with  tjiis  motto, 
J^lecti  potest,  f'rdiif/'i  7ion  potest,  to  signitie  thuf  ho  might  break 
them  by  force,  but  so  never  make  then)  sfooj) ;  (or  they  fled, 
in  the  midst  of  their  hard  usane,  to  the  kinadome  of  Naples, 
and  were  honourably  entertained  by  Frederick  the  king-,  ac- 
cording^ to  tiieir  calling-.  (Gentleness  in  this  case  might  have 
done  much  more  ;  and,  let  thine  adversary  be  never  so  per- 
verse, it  may  be  by  that  means  thou  mayst  win  him  ;  ^J'avore 
et  henevolentia  etiam  rmmanis  animus  mansnescit  ;  soft  words 
pacific  wrath,  and  the  fiercest  spirits  are  so  soonest  overcome: 
''a  generous  lion  will  not  hurt  a  beast  that  lies  prostrate,  nor 
an  elephant  an  innocuous  creature,  but  is  wfestns  rnfesfis,  a 
terrour  and  scourge  alone  to  such  as  are  stubborn,  and  make 
resistance.  It  was  the  symbole  of  Emanuel  Philibert,  duke 
of  Savoy;  and  he  was  not  mistaken  in  itj  for 

*=  Quo  quisque  est  major,  magis  est  placabilis  irfe  ; 
Et  faciles  motus  mens  gcnerosa  capit. 

A  greater  man  is  soonest  pacified, 
A  uoble  spirit  quickly  satisfied. 

It  is  reported  by ''Gualter  Mapes  an  old  historiographer  of 
ours    (who  lived  400  yeers  since)  that  king- Edward  senior, 
and  Leolin  prince  of  Wales,  beings  at  an  interview  neer  Aust 
upon  Severn  m  Glocestershire,  and  the  prince  sent  for  refused 
to  come  to  the  king,  he  would  needs  goe  over  to  him'-  which 
Leolm  perceiving-,  ^went  up  to  the  amies  in  icafer   and  im 
bracmg  his  boat,  would  have  carried  him  out  upon  his  shonl 
ders,  adduuf  thaths  humilif>/  and  wisdom  had  triumphed  over 
his  pride  andfolhj;  and  thereupon  was  reconciled  unto  him 
and  did  his  homage.     If  thou  canst  not  so  win  him,  put  it  u»  ' 
i^i     "^  .^f'V''  *'"''  ^I'J'^^i^"'  ^  e:ood  divine,  an  imitator  of 
Christ,  {^Jorhe  was  reviled  and  put  it  up,  whipped  and  souuhl 
no  revenge)  thou  wilt  pray  tbr  thine  enemies,  ^  and  bfessethem, 
that  persecute  thee;   be  patient,  meek,  humble,  &c.     An  ho 
nest  man  will  not  offer  thee  injury  ;  probns  non  vult ;  if  he 

Ter^ASr'*       r  „v!'/"'''",i  r''"i  '"'"'  7-?  *'""""'  '"^'""'  '""«="'■««««■  et  dementia 
ler.  Aaeipn.  •^«i\ifi.  'J  Camden,  in  Glouc.  '  I  smip  hH  nM.-»..<.  ;„„ 

estaquam,  et  cymbam  amplectens,  sapienti.ssime  rex.  ai.       a  hi    .as  n/eaTv'LTt 

«uperh.am   etsap.entmtnun.phavit  ineptiam  ;  collum  ascende  q,.od  cSra  .^131,, 

erex,   .ntrab.8  terram,  quam  hoH.e  fecit  (nam  beDignitas,  &c.       ^  fClirv8o^?ome    cZ 


Mem.  7.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  73 

M'ere  a  brangling  knave,  'tis  his  fashion  so  to  do  ;  where  is 
least  heart,  is  most  tongue ;  quo  quisque  stultior,  eo  maqis 
insolescit,  the  more  sottish  he  is,  still  the  more  insolent.  ^i)oe 
not  answer  a  fool  according  to  his  folly.  If  he  be  thy  supe- 
riour,  ^bear  it  by  all  means;  grieve  not  at  it ;  let  him  take  his 
course.  Anytus  and  Melitus  "  may  kill  me,  they  cannot  hurt 
me — as  that  generous  Socrates  made  answer  in  like  case. 
Mens  immota  inanet :  though  the  body  be  torn  in  pieces  by 
wild  horses,  broken  on  the  wheel,  pinched  with  fiery  tongs, 
the  soul  cannot  be  distracted.  'Tis  an  ordinary  thing  for 
great  men  to  vilifie  and  insult,  oppress,  injure,  tyrannise,  to 
take  what  liberty  they  list;  and  who  dare  speak  against  .>  Mi- 
serum  est  ab  eo  Icedi,  a  quo  non  possis  queri,  a  miserable  thing 
'tis  to  be  injured  of  him,  from  whom  is  no  appeal  :  <^aud  not 
safe  to  write  against  him  that  can  prescribe  and  punish  a  man 
at  his  pleasure,  which  Asinius  Pollio  was  ware  of,  Avhen  Oc- 
tavianus  provoked  him.  'Tis  hard,  I  confesse,  to  be  so  in- 
jured; one  of  Chilos  three  difficult  things — Uo  keep  counsell, 
spend  his  time  iceU,put  up  injuries :  but  be  thou  patient,  and 
leave  revenge  unto  the  Lord.  ^  Vengeatice  is  mine,  and  I xcill 
repay,  saith  the  Lord.  I  knoic,  the  Lord  (saith  §  David)  will 
avenge  the  afflicted,  and  judge  the  poor.  JVo  man  (as  ''Plato 
farther  addes)  can  so  severely  jninish  his  adversary,  as  God 
icill  such  as  oppresse  miserable  men. 

'Iterum  ille  rem  judicatam  judicat, 
Majoreque  nnilcta  mulctat. 

If  there  be  any  religion,  any  God,  and  that  God  be  just,  it 
shall  be  so ;  if  thou  beleevest  the  one,  beleeve  the  other  : 
erit,  erit,  it  shall  be  so.  Nemesis  comes  after,  sero  sed  serio  : 
stay  but  a  little ;  and  thou  shalt  see  Gods  just  judgement  over- 
take him. 

''  Raro  antecedentem  scelestum 
Deseruit  pede  poena  claudo. 

Thou  shalt  perceive  that  verified  of  Samuel  to  Agag,  1  Sam. 
15.  33  :  thy  sword  hath  made  many  icomen  childlesse  ;  so  shall 
thy  mother  be  childlesse  amongst  other  women.  It  shall  be 
done  to  them  as  they  have  done  to  others.  Conradinus,  that 
brave  Suevian  prince,  came  with  a  well  prepared  army  into 


'    »Pro.  •>  Contend  not  with  a  greater  man.    Pro.  cOccidere  possnnt. 

^Non  facile  ant  tutum  in  eum  scribere,  qoi  potest  proscribere.  <^  Arcana  tacere, 

otiam  recte  collocare,  injuriam  posse  ferre,  difficillimnm.  _  fRom.  12. 

KPsa.  140. 12.  . .-  bNallus  tarn  severe  inimicum  suum  ulcisci  potest,  qnam 

Deus  solet  miserorumjoppressores.  '  Arcturus,  in  Plant.  ''  Hor,  3.  od.  2. 


74  Cure  ofMelancholji.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  3. 

the  kitigdoni  of  Naples,  was  taken  prisoner  hy  kin";'  Charles, 
and  put  to  death  in  the  Hower  of  his  youth  :  a  little  after  (ultio- 
nom  Conrndini  mnii'fs,  Pandnlphus  Collinulius,  Hist.  A'eap. 
lib.  5.  calls  it.)  king-  Charles  his  own  sonne,  with  200  nobles, 
was  so  taken  prisoner,  and  l)eiieaded  in  like  sort.  Not  in  this 
only,  but  in  ail  tither  oU'enccs,  (ino  qulsquo  ppcc(it,in  p.o  jntv'i- 
etnr,  *they  shall  he  punished  in  the  same  kinde,  in  the  same 
part,  like  nature;  eye.  with  or  in  the  eye,  head,  with  or  in  the 
head,  persecution  with  persecution,  Inst  with  etiects  of  lust:  let 
theui  march  on  with  ensiones  displayed,  let  drums  beat  on, 
trumpets  sound  tarntanfar(i,\et  them  sack  cities,  take  the  spoil 
of  countries,  murder  infants,  deflower  virg^ins,  destroy,  burn, 
persecute,  and  tyrannize;  they  shall  be  fully  rewarded  at  last  in 
the  same  measure,  they  and  theirs,  and  that  to  their  desert. 

•'Ad  generura  Cercris  sine  ceede  et  sanguhie  pauci 
Descendunt  reges  et  sicca  morte  tyranni. 

Few  tyrants  in  their  beds  do  die, 
But  stab'd  or  maim'd  to  hell  they  hie. 

Oftentimes  too  abase  contemptible  fellow  is  the  instrunicnt  of 
Gods  justice  to  punish,  to  torture,  and  vex  them,  as  an  ichneu- 
mon doth  a  crocodile.  They  shall  be  recompenced  according 
to  the  worksof  their  hands,  as  Haman  was  hang-ed  on  the  gal- 
loweshe  provided  for  Mordochy;  the]/  shall  h((rp  sorrow  of  heart, 
atid  he  destroyed  from  nndrr  the  heaven,  Thre.  3.  64,  6'5,  C\Q. 
Only  be  thou  patient:  "virieit,  qui  patitvr :  and  in  the  end 
thou  shalt  be  crowned.  Yea  but  'tis  a  hard  matter  to  do 
this;  flesh  and  blood  may  not  abide  it;  ^thyrave!  r/rave ! 
No  (Chrysostome  replies)  non  est  r/rave,  o  homo  ;  'tis  not  so 
grievous  ;  'hieither  had  (icd  commanded  if,  if  it  had  been  so 
difficult.  But  how  shall  it  be  done?  Easih/,  as  he  followes 
it,  if  thou  shalt  look  to  heaven,  behold  the  beaut  t/  of  it,  and 
what  God  hath  promised  to  them  that  jmt  up  injuries.  But, 
if  thou  resist  and  go  about  vim  vi  repelleie,  as  the  custome  of 
the  world  is,  to  right  thy  self,  or  hast  given  just  cause  of 
oflfence,  'tis  no  injury  then,  but  a  condign  punishment;  thou 
hast  deserved  as  much  ;  a  te  principium  ;  in  terecidit  crimen, 
quod  n  te  fiit ;  pecedsti :  quiesce,  as  Andjrose  expostulates 
with  Cain,  lib.  3.  de  Abel  et  Cain.  "^Dionysius  of  Syracuse, 
in  his  exile,  was  made  stand  witliout  dore  ;  pntienter  ferni- 
ilum  ;fortas8e  nos  tale  quidfecimus^  quum  in  hotiore  essemus  ; 


aWisd.  11.6.  bJovenal,  cApnd  Christianos,  non  qni  patitur,  sei 

?|ui  facit  injuriam,  miser  est.     Lfo.  ser.  rtNeqne  praecepisset  Dens,  si  grave 

iiisset ;  sed  qiiH  ratione   potero?  facilf,  si  coeliini  siispexeris,  et  ejus  pulchritudinem, 
et  quod  pollicelur  Ueus,  h.c.  '  Valer.  lib.  4.  cap.  .^). 


Mem.  7.]  Remedies  ayainst  Discontents.  75 

he  wisely  put  itup,  and  laid  the  fault  where  it  was,  on  his  own 
pride  and  scorn,  which  in  his  prosperity  he  had  formerly 
shewed  others.  'Tis ''TuUies  axiome— /erre  ea  mofestissime 
homhips  non  dehent,  qnce  ipsorum  culpa  confracta  sunt ;  self 
do,  self  have,  as  the  saying  is  ;  they  may  thank  themselves  : 
for  he  that  doth  wrong-  must  look  to  be  wronged  again  ;  hahet 
et  musca  splenem,  etformicce  sua  bilis  inest;  the  least  fly  hath 
a  spleen,  and  a  little  bee  a  sting.  ''An  asse  overwhelmed  a 
thisselwarps  nest;  the  little  bird  pecked  his  gaul'd  back  in  re- 
venge; and  the  humble  bee  in  the  fable  flung  down  the 
eagles  eggs  out  of  Jupiters  lap.  Brasidas  (in  Plutarch)  put 
his  hand  into  a  mouse  nest,  and  hurt  her  young  ones;  she 
bit  him  by  the  finger  :  '^  I  see  now  (saith  he)  the7'e  is  no 
creature  so  contemptible^  that  ivill  not  be  revenged.  'Tis  lex 
talionis,  and  the  nature  of  all  things  so  to  do.  If  thou  wilt 
live  quietly  thyself,  J  do  no  wrong  to  others ;  if  any  be  done 
thee,  put  it  up,  with  patience  endure  it.  For  ""this  is  thank- 
icorthy,  saith  our  Apostle,  if  a  man,  for  conscience  towards 
God,  endure  f/riej',  and  suffer  wrong  undeserved ;  for  what 
praise  is  it,  ij\  when  ye  be  buffeted  for  your  foults,  ye  take  it 
patiently  ?  but  ij\  when  you  do  ivell,  ye  suffer  wrong,  and  take 
it  patienthf,  there  is  thanks  icith  God:  for  hereunto  verily  we 
are  culled.  Qui  mala  non  fort,  ipse  sibi  testis  est  per  impa- 
tientiam  quod  bonus  non  est :  he  that  cannot  bear  injuries  wit- 
nesseth  against  himself  that  he  is  no  good  man,  as  'Gregory 
holds.  ''Tis  the  nature  of  wicked  men  to  do  injuries,  as  it  is 
the  property  oj'  honest  men  patiently  to  hear  them. 

Improbitas  nullo  flectitur  obsequio. 

The  wolf  in  the  s  emblem  sucked  the  goat  (so  the  shep- 
heard  would  have  it)  :  ''  but  he  kept  nevertheless  a  wolfs  na- 
ture :  a  knave  will  be  a  knave.  Injury  is,  on  the  other  side, 
a  good  mans  foot-boy,  his  fidus  Achates,  and,  as  a  lackey,  fol- 
lowes  him  wheresoever  he  goes.  Besides,  misera  est  fortuna, 
qua;  caret  inimico,  he  is  in  a  miserable  estate,  that  wants  ene- 
mies :  'it  is  a  thing  not  to  be  avoided,  and  therefore  with  more 
patience  to  be  endured.  Cato  Censorius,  that  upright  Cato, 
of  whom  Paterculus  gives  that  honourable  elogium,  benefocit, 
quod  aliter  facere  non  potuit,  was  ^oi)  times  endited  and  accu- 
sed by  his  fellow  citizens  ;  and,  as  '  Ammiauus  well  hath  it, 

*  Ep.  ad  Q.  frat  ''Camerarius,  emb.  75.  cen.  2.  <=  Papae  !  inquit ;  nuUain 

animal  tain  pusillum  quod  non  cupiat  ulcisci.  dQuod  tibi  fieri  non  vis,  alteri 

ne  feceris.  «  1  Pei  2.  '^Siquidem  malorum  proprium  est  inferre 

damna,  et  bonorum  pedisseqiia  est  injuria.  %  Alciat.  emb.  h  Natnram 

expellas  furca  licet,  usque  recnrret.  ifiy  many  indignities,  we  come  to 

dignities.  Tibi  subjicito  quae  fiunt  aliis,  furtum,  convicia,  ,&c.  et  iu  iis  in  te  admissis 
oon  excandesces-     Epictetus.  k  Plutarch.    Quinquagies  Catoni  dies  dicta  ab 

inimicis.  '  Lib,  18. 


76  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  S 

quis  et^t  innocens,  si  clam  r el  paid m  arrusatsn  sujfficint  ?  if  it 
be  sufficient  to  accuse  a  man  openly  or  in  privaf,  who  shall  be 
free?  If  there  were  no  other  rtspect  then  that  of  Christianity, 
religion,  and  the  like,  to  induce  men  to  he  iono'  suffering- and 
patient,  yet  me  thinks  the  nature  of  injtiry  it  self  is  sufficientto 
keep  them  quiet  :  the  tumults,  uproars,  miseries,  discontents, 
anguish,  losse,  dangers,  tliatattend  upon  it,  mioht  restrain  the 
calamities  of  contention  :  for,  as  it  is  with  ordinary  gamesters, 
the  gains  go  to  the  box,  so  falls  it  out  to  such  as  contend  ;  the 
lawyers  get  all;  and  therefore,  if  they  would  consider  of  it, 
alir.na  pericula  cautos,  other  mens  misfortunes  in  this  kind, 
and  common  experience,  nnght  detain  them.  'The  more  they 
contend,  the  more  they  are  involved  in  a  labyrinth  of  woes  ; 
and  the  catastrophe  is  to  consume  one  another,  like  the  ele- 
phant and  dragons  conflict  in  Pliny  '';  the  dragon  got  under 
the  elephants  belly,  and  sucked  his  blood  so  long,  till  he  fell 
down  dead  upon  the  dragon,  and  killed  him  with  the  fall;  so 
both  were  ruin'd.  'Tis  an  hydras  head,  contention  ;  the 
more  they  strive,  the  more  they  may  ;  and — as  Praxiteles  did 
by  bis  glass,  when  he  saw  a  scurvy  face  in  it,  brake  it  in 
pieces;  but,  for  that  one,  he  saw  many  more  as  bad  in  a  mo- 
ment— for  one  injury  done  they  provoke  another  cumfcenore, 
and  twenty  enemies  for  one.  Noll  irritare  crahrones  ;  oppose 
not  thyself  to  a  multitude  ;  but,  if  ihou  hast  received  a  wrong, 
wisely  consider  of  it;  and,  if  tliou  canst  possibly,  compose  thy 
self  with  patience  to  bear  it.  This  is  the  safest  course;  and 
thou  shalt  find  greater  ease  to  be  quiet. 

'^Isay  the  same  of  scoffs,  slanders,  contumelies,  obloquies, 
defamations,  detractions,  pasquilling  libels,  and  the  like, 
which  may  tend  any  way  to  our  disgrace:  'tis  but  opinion: 
if  we  coidd  neglect,  contemn,  or  with  patience  digest  them, 
they  would  reflect  disgrace  on  them  that  oflered  them  at  first. 
•^A  wise  citizen,  I  know  not  whence,  had  a  scold  to  his  wife  : 
when  she  brawled,  he  plaid  on  his  drum,  and  by  that  means 
madded  hermore,  because  shesaw  that  he  would  not  be  moved. 
Diogenes  in  a  crowd,  when  one  called  him  back,  and  told  him 
how  the  boys  laughed  him  to  scorn,  Efjo^  iiH/nit,  noti  rideor^ 
took  no  notice  of  it.  Socrates  was  brought  upon  the  stage  by 
Aristophanes,  and  misused  to  his  face ;  but  he  laughed,  as  if  it 
<^oncerned  him  not ;  and,  as  ^Eliau  relates  of  him,  whatsoever 
good  or  bad  accident  or  fortune  befel  him,  going  in  or  conn'ng 
out,  Socrates  stdl  kept  the  same  countenance:  Even  so  should  a 


•  Hoc  scio  pro  certo,  quod,  si   cum  stercore  certo,  Vinco  seu  vincor,  senipT  ego 
maculor.  ^  Lib.  8.  cap.  *2.  <^  Obloqautus  est,  probrumf|uc  (ibi  intulit 

qaispiam  ?  sive  vera  is  dizerit,  sive  falsa,  mazimam  tibi  coroDaiu  (exueris,  si  niantiuete 
conricium  tuleris.  dChrys.  in.  6.  cai>.  ad  Rom.  scr.  10. 


3Iem.  7.]  Remedies  against  Discontents.  77 

Chrisitlan  souldier  do,  as  Hieroin  describes  him, /)er  iw/a»iia7» 
et  honam  famam  (frassari  ad  immortalitatem ;  march  on 
through  good  and  bad  reports  to  immortality,  ^notbe  moved: 
for  honesty  is  a  sufficient  reward;  prohitas  sibi  prcemium ; 
and  in  our  times  the  sole  recompence  to  do  well,  is,  to  do 
well:  but  naughtiness  Avill  punish  itself  at  last :  ^Improbis 
ipsa  nequitia  supplicium,  as  the  diverb  is, 

Qui  bene  fecerunt,  ill!  sua  facta  sequentur : 
Qui  male  fecerunt,  facta  sequentur  eos. 

They  that  do  well,  shall  have  reward  at  last; 
But  they  that  ill,  shall  suffer  for  that's  past. 

Yea,  but  1  am  ashamed,  disgraced,  dishonoured,  degraded, 
exploded :  my  notorious  crimes  and  villanies   are  come  to 
light,  (deprendi  miserum  'est)  my  filthy  lust,  abominable  op- 
pression and  avarice  lies  open  ;  my  good  name's  lost;  my  for- 
tune'sgone ;  1  have  been  stigmatized,  whipt  at  post,  arraigned 
and  condemned;  I  am  a  common  obloquy;  I  have  lost  my  ears; 
odious,  execrable,  abhorred  of  God  and  men.     Be  content;  'tis 
but  a  nine  dayes  wonder;  and  as  one  sorrow  drives  outanother, 
one  passion  another,  one  cloud  another,  one  rumourisexpelled 
by  another  ;  every  day  almost,  come  new  news  unto  our  ears, 
as  how  the  sun  was  eclipsed,  meteors  seen  i'th'  aire,  monsters 
born,  prodigies,  how  the  Turks  were  overthrown  in  Persia,  an 
earth-quake  in  Helvetia,  Calabria,  Japan,  or  China,  an  inun- 
dation in  Holland,  a  great  plague  in  Constantinople,  a  fire  at 
Prage,  a  dearth  in  Germany,  such  a  man   is  made  a  lord,  a 
bishop,   another  hanged,  deposed,  prest  to  death,   for  some 
murder,  treason,  rape,  theft,  oppression;  all  which  we  do  hear 
at  first  with  a  kind  of  admiration,  detestation,  consternation  ; 
but  by  and  by  they  are  buried  in  silence:  thy  father's  dead, 
thy  brother  rob'd,   wife  runs  mad,   neighbour  hath  kild  him- 
selfe  ;  'tis  heavy,  gastly,  fearful  newes  at  first,  in  every  mans 
mouth,  table  talk  ;  but,  after  a  while,  who  speaks  or  thinks  of 
it.?  It  will  be  so  with  thee  and  thine  offence  :  it  will  be  for- 
gotten in  an  instant,  be  it  theft,  rape,  sodomy,  murder,  incest, 
treason,  &c.  thou  art  not  the  first  offender,  nor  shalt  thou  be 
the  last ;  'tis  no  wonder ;  every  houre  such  malefactors  are 
called  in  question  ;  nothing  so  common, 

Quocunque  in  populo,  quocunque  sub  axe. 

Comfort  thy  self;  thou  art  not  the  sole  man.  If  he  that  were 
guiltless  himself  should  fling  the  first  stone  at  thee,  and  he 
alone  should  accuse  thee  that  were  faultless,  how  many  exe- 

*Tullius,  episi      Dolabellse.      Tu  forti  sis  aniino;  et  tua  moderatio,  cODstantia, 
*oruin  infaraet  injariam.  ^  Boethius,  consol.  lib.  4.  pros.  3. 


78  Cure  of  Mvlmuhohf.         [Pari.  2.  Sec.  3. 

cutioiioiK,  how  niniiy  accusers,  wniildst  tliou  have?  If  every 
mans  siiines  were  written  in  his  fore-hfad.  am!  secret  i'aults 
known,  how  many  thousanfls  ^v(Hlhl  parallel,  if  not  exceed, 
thine  offence  ?  It  may  be,  the  jmloe  that  ij^ave  sentence,  the 
jury  that  condemned  thee,  the  spectators  that  gazed  on  thee, 
deserved  much  more,  and  were  tarre  more  guilty  than  thou 
thy  self.  But  it  is  thine  infelicity  to  be  taken,  to  be  made  a 
public  example  of  justice,  to  be  a  terror  to  the  rest:  yet, 
should  every  man  have  his  desert,  thou  wouldest  perad  venture 
be  a  saint  in  comparison;  vexat  rcnmra  cohimhas:  poor  souls 
are  punishe<l ;  the  great  ones  do  twenty  thousand  times  worse, 
and  are  not  so  much  as  spoken  of. 

Non  rete  accipitri  tenditur,  nequc  milvio, 

Qui  male  faciunt  nobis  :  illis,  qui  nil  faciunt,  tendittir, 

The  net's  not  laid  for  kites  or  birds  of  prey  ; 

Bui  for  the  harmless  still  our  gins  we  la\-. 

Be  not  dismaid  then  ;  humanum  est  errare  ;  we  are  all  sinners, 
daily  and  hourely  subject  to  temptations ;  the  best  of  us  is  an 
hypocrite,  a  grievous  offender  in  Gods  sight,  Noah,  Lot,  Da- 
vid, Peter,  &c.  how  many  mortal  sins  do  we  commit !  Shall  I 
say,  be  penitent,  ask  forgiveness,  and  make  amends  by  the 
sequel  of  thy  life,  for  that  foul  offence  thou  hast  committed? 
recover  thy  credit  by  some  nohle  exploit,  as  Themistocles 
did;  for  he  was  a  most  deboshed  and  vitious  youth;  sed ju- 
ventfe  maculas  prfBclaris  J'actis  defevit,  hut  made  the  world 
amends  by  brave  exploits  :  at  last  become  a  new  man,  and 
seek  to  be  reformed.  He  tliat  runs  away  in  a  battle,  as  De- 
mosthenes said,  may  fight  again  ;  and  he  that  hath  a  fall  may 
stand  as  upright  as  ever  he  did  before  : 

*Nemo  desperet  meliora  lapsus: 
a  wicked  liver  may  be  reclaimed,  and  prove  an  honest  man ; 
he  that  is  odious  in  present,  hissed  out,  an  exile,  may  be  re- 
ceived again  with  all  mens  favours,  and  singular  applause;  so 
Tully  was  in  Rome,  Alcibiades  in  Athens.  Let  thy  disgrace 
then  be  what  it  will,  quod  Jit,  injectum  von  potest  esse,  that 
which  is  passed  cannot  be  recalled ;  trouble  not  thy  selfe, 
vexe  and  grieve  thy  self  no  more,  be  it  obloquy,  disgrace.  Sic. 
No  better  way,  then  to  neglect,  contemn,  or  seem  not  to  regard 
it,  to  make  no  reckoning  of  it : 

Deesse  robur  arguit  dieacitas  : 
if  thou  be  guiltless,  it  concerns  thee  not ; 

b  Irrita  vaniloquee  quid  curas  spicula  linguae? 
Latraotem  curatne  aha  Diana  canem? 

»Ter.  Phor.  bCam^rar.  erah   fil.  rpnt.  3. 


Mem.  7.3  Remedies  af/alnst  Discontents.  "^g 

Doth  the  moon  care  for  the  barking  of  a  dog  ?  They  detract, 
scoffe,  and  raile  (saith  one),  ^and  bark  at  me  on  every  side; 
but  I,  like  that  Albanian  dog  sometimes  given  to  Alexander 
for  a  present,  vindico  me  ah  illis  solo  cotitemptu ;  I  lie  still, 
and  sleep,  vindicate  myself  by  contempt  alone. 

''Expers  terroris  Achilles, 

armatus — as  a  tortoise  in  his  shell,  virtute  men  me  involvoy^  or 
an  urchin  round,  nil  moror  ictus  :  ''a  lizard  in  camomile,  1  de- 
cline their  fury  and  am  safe. 

Integritas  virtusque,  sue  munimine  tuta, 
Non  patet  adversae  morsibus  invidise. 

Vertue  and  integrity  are  their  own  fence, 
Care  not  for  envy  or  what  comes  from  thence. 

Let  them  rail  then,  scoffe,  and  slander;  sapiens  contumeliA 
non  ajfficitnr,  a  wise  man,  Seneca  thinks,  is  not  moved,  because 
he  knows,  contra  sycophayitcs  morsum  non  est  remedium,  there  is 
no  remedy  forit:  kings  and  princes,  wise,  grave,  prudent,holy, 
good  men,  divine,  all  are  so  served  alike.  ^  O  Jane  !  a  tergo 
qnem  nulla  ciconia  pinsit  ?  Antevorta  and  Postvorta,  Jupiters 
gardians,  may  not  help  in  this  case ;  they  cannot  protect. 
Moses  had  a  Dathan,  a  Corath,  David  a  Shimei ;  God  himself 
is  blasphemed:  nondumfelix  es,  si  te  nondum  turha  deridet. 
It  is  an  ordinary  thing  so  to  be  misused.  ^ Reginm  est,  cum. 
benej'eceris,  male  audire ;  the  chiefest  men  and  most  under- 
standing are  so  vilified  :  let  him  take  his  s  course.  And — as 
that  lusty  courser  in  iEsop,that  contemned  the  poor  asse,  came 
by  and  by  after  with  his  bowels  burst,  a  pack  on  his  back, 
and  was  derided  of  the  same  asse — contemnentur  ah  iis  quos  ipsi 
prius  contempsere,  etirridehnntur  ahiis  quos  ipsi  prius  irrisere; 
they  shall  be  contemned  nnd  laughed  to  scorn  of  those  whom 
they  have  formerly  derided.  Let  them  contemn,  defame,  or 
undervalue,  insult,  oppress,  scoffe,  slander,  abuse,  wrong,  curse 
and  swear,  fain  and  lye  :  do  thou  comfort  '^thy  self  with  a 
good  conscience;  in  sinu  gaudeas  ;  when  they  have  all  done, 
a  good  conscience  is  a  continual  feast,  innocency  will  vindi- 
cate itself     And,  which  the  poet  gave  out  of  Hercules,  Diis 


aLipsins,  elect,  lib.  3.  ult.     Latrant  me  ;  jaceo  ac  taceo,  &c.  ^  Catullus. 

<=  The  symbole  of  J.  Kevenheder  a  Carinthian  baron,  saith  Sambucns.  ^  The  sym- 

bole  of  Gonzaga,  dute  of  Mantua.  ePers.  sat.  1.  f  Magni  animi  eat  injnriat 

despicere.     Seneca  de  ira,  cap.  31.  gQjuid  turpiiis  quam  sapientis  vitam  ex  in- 

sipientis  sennone  pendere  ?  TuUius,  2  de.  finibus.  h  Tu&  te  conscientia  solare  ;  in 
ciibiculnm  ingr^dere,  nbi  secure  reqniescaa.  Minuit  se  quodammodoprobantis  eoReci- 
enticB  secretiim.     Boethius,  I,  1,  pros.  4. 


80  -     Curr  n/ MrldHc/itilif.  [P:ut.  ^.  Sec.  3. 

fruit )ir  irath,  f'i'ioy  thy  !>;elf,  though  all  (ho  world  he  set 
against  thee;  contemn,  and  say  with  him,  Elogvim  mi  hi  pros 
Jhi-ihus,  my  posie  is,  not  to  hr  moved,  that  *m?/ Paiiadinm,  my 
brest-plate,  my  buckler,  with  irhich  I  ward  all  injuries,  oj- 
J'ences,  lies,  slanders  ;  I  lean  upon  that  stake  oj'  modesty,  and 
so  receive  and  break  asunaW  all  that  J'oolish  force  of  livor 
and  spleen.  And  whosoever  he  is  that  shall  observe  these 
sh(»rt  instructions,  without  rdl  question  he  shall  much  ease 
and  benefit  himself. 

In  fine,  if  princes  would  <lo  justice,  judges  be  upright, 
clergie-men  truly  devout,  and  so  live  as  they  teach,  if  great 
men  would  not  be  so  insolent,  if  souldiers  would  quietly  de- 
fend us,  the  poor  would  be  patient,  rich  men  would  be  liberal 
and  humble,  citizens  honest,  magistrates  meek,  superiours 
w^ould  give  good  example,  subjects  peaceable,  young  men 
would  stand  in  awe;  ifparents  would  be  kind  to  their  children, 
and  they  again  obedient  to  their  parents,  brethren  agree 
amongst  themselves,  enemies  be  reconciled,  servants  trusty  to 
their  masters,  virgins  chaste,  wives  modest,  husbands  would 
be  loving,  and  less  jealous;  if  we  could  imitate  Christ  and 
his  apostles,  live  after  Gods  laws,  these  mischiefs  would  not 
so  frequently  happen  amongst  us.  But  being  most  part  so  ir- 
reconcileable  as  we  are,  perverse,  proud,  insolent,  factious 
and  malicious,  prone  to  contention,  anger  and  revenge,  of 
such  fiery  spirits,  so  captious,  inqjious,  irreligious,  so  opposite 
to  vertue,  void  of  grace,  how  should  it  otherwise  be  ?  Many 
men  are  very  teasty  by  nature,  apt  to  mistake,  apt  to  quarrel, 
apt  to  provoke  and  misinterpret  to  the  worst,  every  thing  that 
is  said  or  done,  and  thereupon  heap  unto  their  selves  a  great 
deal  of  trouble,  and  disquietness  to  others  :  smatterers  in  other 
mens  matters,  tale  bearers,  whisperers,  lyers,  they  cannot 
speak  in  season,  or  hold  their  tongues  when  they  should,  ^et 
suam  partem  itidem  tacere,  cum  aliena  est  oratio ;  they  will 
speak  more  then  comes  to  their  share,  in  all  companies,  and 
by  those  bad  courses  accumulate  much  evil  to  their  own  souls, 
(qni  contendit^  sibi  convicium  facit)  their  life  is  a  perpetual 
braul,  they  snarl  like  so  many  tlogs,  with  their  \vives,  children, 
servants,  neighbours,  and  all  the  rest  of  tiieir  friends;  they  can 
agree  with  no  body.  But  to  such  as  are  judicious,  meek,  sub- 
miss,  and  quiet,  these  matters  are  easily  remedied:  they  will 
iorbear  upon  all  such  occasions,  neglect,  contemn,  or  take  no 
notice  of  them,  dissemble,  or  wisely  turn  it  olF.     If  it  be  a  n.i- 


»Ringantnr  licet,  et  maledicatit;  Palladium  illnd  pectori  |oppono.  Non  inoveri  : 
conaisto  ;  raodestiae  veluti  sadi  iunitens,  excipiodfrango  stuitissimum  impetum  livorii. 
Pntftan.  lib.  2.  epist  58.  b  Mil.  glor.  Act.  .3.  Plautos.] 


\ 


Mem.  7.]  Reiued'ies  against  Discoiifoih.  81 

tural  impcdimenr,  as  a  red  nof^e,  squint  eyes,  crooked  legs,  or 
any  such  imperfection,  infirmity,  disgrace,  reproach,  the  best 
way  is  to  speak  of  it  first  thy  ^self,  and  so  thou  shall  surely 
take  away  all  occasions  from  others  to  jest  at,  or  contemn, that 
they  may  perceive  tiiee  to  be  careless  of  it.  Vatinius  was 
wont  to  scoffe  at  his  own  deformed  feet,  to  prevent  his  enemies 
obloquies  and  sarcasms  in  that  kind  ;  or  else  by  prevention, 
as  Cotys,  king  of  Thrace,  that  brake  a  company  of  fine  glasses 
presented  to  him,  by  his  own  hands,  lest  he  should  be  over- 
much moved  when  they  were  broken  bychatice.  And  some- 
times again,  so  that  it  be  discreetly  and  moderately  done,  it 
shall  not  be  amiss  to  make  resistance,  to  take  down  such  a 
saucy  companion ;  no  better  means  to  vindicate  himself,  to 
purchase  final  peace:  for  he  that  suffers  himself  to  be  ridden, 
or  through  pusillanimity  or  sottishness,  will  let  every  man 
bafile  him,  shall  be  a  common  laughing  stock  for  all  to  flout 
at.  As  a  cur  that  goes  through  a  village,  if  he  clap  his  taile 
between  his  legs,  and  run  away,  every  cur  will  insult  over 
him:  but  if  he  bristle  up  himself,  and  stand  to  it,  give  but  a 
countersnarle,  there's  not  adog  dares  meddle  with  him  ;  much 
is  in  a  mans  courage  and  discreet  carriage  of  himself. 

Many  other  grievances  there  are,  which  happen  to  mortals 
in  this  life,  from  friends,  wives,  children,  servants,  masters, 
companions,  neighbours,  our  own  defaults,  ignorance,  errours, 
intemperance,  indiscretion,  infirmities,  &c.  and  many  good  re- 
medies to  mitigate  and  oppose  them,  many  divine  precepts  to 
counterpoise  our  hearts,  special  antidotes  both  in  scriptures 
and  humane  autliors,  which  who  so  will  observe,  shall  pur- 
chase much  ease  and  quietness  unto  himself.  I  will  point  at 
a  few.  Those  prophetical,  apostolical  admonitions  are  well 
known  to  all ;  what  Solomon,  Siracides,  our  Saviour  Christ 
himself  hath  said  tending  to  this  purpose,  -as  Fear  God:  obey 
the  prince :  be  sober  and  tcatch  :  pray  cantinualli/  :  be  angry, 
but  sin  not :  remember  thy  last :  fashion  not  your  selves  to  this 
world,  Sfc.  appjly  your  selves  to  the  times :  strive  not  with  a 
mighty  man :  recompence  good  for  evil :  let  nothing  be  done 
through  contention  or  vain-glory,  but  tvith  meekness  of  mind, 
every  man  esteeming  of  others  better  then  himself:  love  one 
another ;  or  that  epitome  of  the  law  and  the  prophets,  which 
our  Saviour  inculcates,  love  God  above  all,  thy  neighbour  as 
thyself ;  and,  whatsoever  you  would  that  men  should  do  unto 
you,so  do  unto  them,xf\i\c\\  Alexander  Severus  writ  in  letters  of 
gold,  and  used  as  a  motto,  and  ''Hierom  commends  to  Ce- 


^iBion  said  his  father  was  a  rogue,  his  mother  a  whore,  to  prevent  obloquy,  and  to 
shew  that  nought  belonged  to  him  but  goods  of  the  mind.  ^  Lib.  '1.  ep.  25. 


S2  CiireofMelitmhulii.         [Part.  2.  Soc.  3. 

lantia  ns  an  excellent  way,  aniong-sJ  so  many  inticcnienfs  and 
worldly  provocations,  to  rectify  her  lite.  Out  of  Inunane  au- 
thors take  these  few  cautions — '^  Know  thy  self.  ^ Be  contented 
with  thy  lot.  '^  Trust  not  wealthy  beauty,  nor  parasites :  they 
n-ill  briny  thee  to  destruction.  ^Ilave  peace  with  all  men, 
icar  with  vice.  "^ Be  not  idle.  ^ Look  before  you  leap.  ^Be- 
ware of''  Had  f  wist."     ''  Honour  thy  parents  :  speak  icellof 

J'riends.  Be  temperate  infoure  thinys,  ling-ua,  loculis,  oculis, 
et  poculis.  Watch  thine  eye.  '  Moderate  thine  expences. 
Hear  much  :  speak  little.  '' Sustitie  et  abstine.  Ij'thou  seest 
ought  amiss  in  another^  mend  it  in  thyself.  Keep  thine  oion 
counsel;  reveal  not  thy  secrets;  be  silent  in  thine  intentions. 
^Give  not  ear  to  tale-tellers,  bablers  :  be  not  scurrilous  in  con- 
versation: ^  jest  tcithout  bitterness :  yive  no  man  cause  of  of- 
fence. Set  thine  house  in  order.  ''Take  heed  of  snretiship. 
°  Fide  et  diffide  :  as  a  fox  on  theice,  take  heed  whom  you  trust. 
V  Lice  not  beyond  thy  means.  "^  Give  chear fully.  Pay  thy 
dues  wilUnyly.  Be  not  a  slave  to  thy  mony.  ^  Omit  not  occa- 
sion ;  embrace  opportunity ;  loose  no  time:  Be  humble  to  thy 
superiors,  respective  to  thine  equals,  affable  to  all, ^  but  not  fa- 
miliar. Flatter  no  man.  ^ Lie  not :  dissemble  not.  Keep  thy 
word  and  promise,  be  constant  in  a  yood  resolution.  Speak 
truth.  Be  not  opinutive :  maintain  no  factions.  Lay  no 
wayers :  make  no  comparisons.  ^  Find  no  faults,  meddle  not 
with  other  mens  matters.  Admire  not  thyself.  "•'  Be  not  proud 
or  popular.  Insult  not.  Fortunamreverenter  babe.  ''Fear 
not  that  which  cannot  he  avoided.  >  Grieve  not  for  that  which 
cannot  he  recalled.  ^  Undervalue  not  thy  self.  Accuse  no 
man,  commend  no  man,  rashly.  Go  not  to  laic  tcithout  great 
cause.      Strive  not  with  a  greater  man.      Cast  not  off  an  old 

friend.     Take  heed  of  a  reconciled  enemy.     ""  If  thou  come  as  a 


aNosce  teipsum.  ^  Conlentus  abi.  c  Ne  fidas  opibns,  neqne  parasitis  : 

thahunt  in  praecipitium.  "^  Paeem  cum  hominibiis  habe,  belliim  cum  vitiis. 

Otho.  2.  inipeiat.  symb.  e  Daemon  te  nunqiiam  otiosuin  inveniaf.     HieroD. 

f  Dill  deliberandum,  quod  stataendam  est  semel.  S  Insipientis  est  dicere,  non 

pntaram.  ''  Ames  parentem,  si  teqnum  ;  aliter  feras ;  prjpstes  parentibas 

pietatem,  amicis  dilectionem.  '  Coniprinie  linguatn.     Quid  de  quoque  viro 

et  cui  dicas  saipe  raveto,  Libenfius  audias  qiiam  loquaris.  Vive  iit  vivas.  k  Epic- 
tetus.  Optime  feceris,  si  ea  fiifjerisqiia  in  alio  reprehendis.  iNemini  dixerisqnas  nolis 
efferri.  '  Fuge  susurrones.      Fercontatorem  fugito,  &c.  "'  Sint  sales 

sine  vilitate.     Sen.  "  Sponde,  pra,'sto  noxa.  oCainerar.  emb.  55.  cent  2. 

Cave  cui  credas,  vel  neniini  fidas.     Epicharmns.  P'l'ecum  habita.  qBis 

dat,  qui  cito  dat.  ^  Post  est  occasio  calva.  »  Nimia  famiiiaritas  parit  con- 

temptuni.  <Mendacium  senile  vitium.  "Arcanum  neque  tu  scrutaberis 

ulliiis  unqaam  :  Comraissnmque  teges.  Hor.  lib.  1.  ep.  19.  Nee  tua  jaudahis  studia, 
aut  aliena  rcprendes.     Hor.  ep.  lib.  18.  »  fse  te  quasiveris  extra.  ^Stultum 

est  timere,  quod  vitari  non  potest.  y  De  re  amissa  irreparabili  ne  doleas. 

'Tanti  eris  aliis,  qaanti  tibi  fueria.     Neminem  cito  laudes  vel  accuses.  »  Nnllias 

hospitis  iprata  est  mora  longa. 


Mem.  8.}  Unnedies  aijainst  Discontents.  83 

f/uest,  stay  not  too  loiuf.  Be  not  unthankful.  Be  meek,  mer- 
ciful.^ and  patient.  Do  good  to  all-  Be  not  fond  of  fair 
words.  "^  Be  not  a  newter  in  a  faction.  Moderate  thy  passions. 
^  Think  no  place  icithout  a  witness.  "^  jJdmonish  thy  friend  in 
secret;  commend  him  in  publike.  Keep  good  company.  ^Love 
others,  to  be  beloved  thy  self.  A  ma,  tanquam  osurus.  Ami- 
nistardofias.  Provide  for  a  tempest.  Noiiirritare  crabrones. 
J)o  not  prostitute  thy  soul  for  gain.  Make  not  a  fool  of  thtf 
self,  to  make  others  merry.  Marry  not  an  old  crony,  or  a  fool, 
for  mony.  Be  not  over  solicitous  or  curious.  Seek  that  which 
may  be  found.  Seem  not  greater  then  thou  art.  Take  thy 
pleasure  soberly.  Ocyiuum  ne  terito.  ^  Live  as  merrily  as  thou 
canst.  ^  Take  heed  by  other  mens  examples.  Go  as  thou 
tcouldst  be  met :  sit  as  thou  wouldst  be  found.  §  Yield  to  the 
time  ;  folloiv  the  stream.  Wilt  thou  live  free  from  fears  and 
cares?  ^  Live  innocently,  keep  thy  s^f  upright ;  thou  needest 
no  other  keeper,  S^^c.  Look  for  more  in  Isocrates,  Seneca, 
Plutarch,  Epictetus,  &c.  and,  for  defect,  consult  with  cheese- 
trenchers  and  painted  cloths. 


MEMB.  VIII. 

jj gainst  Melancholy  it  self. 

Every  ma?i,saith  'Seneca,  thinks  his  own  burthen  the  hea- 
viest; and  a  melancholy  man,  above  all  others,  complains 
most;  weariness  of  life,  abhorring  all  company  and  light, fear, 
sorrow,  suspicion,  anguish  of  niind,  basljfuiness,  and  those 
other  dread  symptomes  of  body  and  mind,  must  needs  ag- 
gravate this  misery  ;  yet,  conferred  to  other  maladies,  they 
are  not  so  hainous  as  they  be  taken.  For,  first,  this  disease 
is  either  in  habit  or  disposition,  curable  or  incurable.  If  new 
and  in  disposition,  'tis  commonly  pleasant,  and  it  may  be 
helped.  If  inveterate,  or  an  habit,  yet  tboy  have  lucida 
intervalla,  sometimes  well,  and  sometimes  il!  ;  or  if  more 
continuate,  as  the  "^  Vejentes  were  to  the  Romans,  'tis  hostis 
magis  assiduus  quam  gravis,  a  more  durable  enemy  then  dan- 
gerous; and,  amongst  many  inconveniences,  some  comforts 


a  Solonis  lex,  apud  Aristotelem.     Gellitis,  lib.  2.  cap.  12.  ^  Nullum  locum  prites 

sine  teste :  semper  adesse  Deum  cogita.  =  Secrete  ainicos  admone,  lauda  palam. 

dUtameris,  amabilis  esto,  Eros  et  Anteros  gemelli  Veneris,  amatio  et  redamatio. 
Plat.  eDum  fata  sinunt,  vivite  lasti.     Seneca.  '^Id  apprime  in  vita  utile, 

ex  aliis  observare  sibi  quod  ex  usu  siet.      Ter.  sDum  furor  in  cursu,  currenti 

cede  forori.  Cretizandum  cum  Crete.  Temporibus  servi,  nee  contra  flamina  flato. 
h  Nulla  certior  custodia  innocentia :  inexpugnabile  munimentum  mnniraento  non  egere. 
'  ITnicuiqiie  snnm  onus  intolerabile  videtur.  ^  Livius. 

G  2 


8i  Curi'ofMelanvhohf.  [Part.  2.  Src.  3. 

arc  annoxoi]  to  it.  First,  it  is  not  oatcliini;";  ami,  as  Erasmus 
conilortcil  himself,  wiicn  he  was  grievously  sick  of  the  stone, 
lliough  it  was  most  troublesome,  and  an  intolerable  pain  to 
him,  yet  it  was  no  whit  otfensive  to  others,  not  loathsome  to 
tiie spectators, oastly,  fulsom, terrible,  as  planues,  apoplexies, 
hprosios,  wounds,  sores,  tetters,  ])ox,  pestilent  agues  are, 
which  either  admit  of  no  company,  terrify  or  offend  those  that 
are  present.  In  this  malady,  that  which  is.  is  wholly  to  them- 
selves ;  and  those  symptomcs  not  so  dreadful,  if  they  be  com- 
pared to  the  opposite  extreams.  They  art;  most  part  bashful, 
suspicious,  solitary,  Sec.  therefore  no  such  ambitious,  impudent 
intruders,  as  some  are,  no  sharkers,  no  cunnicatchers,  no  pro- 
lers,  no  smel-feasts,  praters,  panders,  parasites,  bawds,  drunk- 
ards, whoremastcrs  :  necessity  and  defect  compels  them  to  be 
honest;  as  Micio  told  Demea  in  the  comedy, 
^  Hsec  si  neque  ego  neque  tu  fecimus, 
Non  sinit  egestas  facere  nos: 

if  we  be  honest,  'twas  poverty  made  us  so  :  if  we  melancholy 
men  be  not  as  bad  as  he  that  is  worst,  'tis  our  dame  Melan- 
choly kept  us  so : 

Non  deerat  voluntas  sed  facultas. 
Besides  they  are  freed  in  this  from  many  other  infirmities;  so- 
litariness makes  them  more  apt  to  contemplate,  suspition  wary, 
which  is  a  necessary  humour  in  these  times;  ^nuni,  pot,  qui 
maxinie  caret,  sccpe  is  cantor  captus:  est :  he  that  takes  most 
heed,  is  often  circumvented  and  overtaken.  Fear  and  sorrow 
keep  them  temperate  and  sober,  and  free  them  from  many 
dissolute  acts,  which  jollity  and  boldness  thrust  men  upon  ; 
they  are  therefore  no  A/car??,  roaring  boyes,  theeves,  or  assas- 
sinates. As  they  are  soon  dejected,  so  they  are  as  soon,  by 
soft  words  and  good  perswasions,  reared.  Wearisomness  of 
life  makes  them  they  are  not  so  besotted  on  the  transitory  vain 
pleasures  of  the  world.  If  they  dote  in  one  thing,  they  are 
Avise  and  well  understanding  in  most  other.  If  it  be  inveterate, 
they  are  inseiisati,  most  part  doting,  or  quite  mad,  insensible 
of  any  wrongs,  ridiculous  to  others,  but  most  happy  and  se- 
cure to  themselves.  Dotage  is  a  state  which  many  much  mag- 
nifie  and  commend  :  so  is  simplicity,  and  folly,  as  he  said, 

'^Hic  furor,  0  Superi,  sit  milu  perpetuus. 
Some  think  fools  and  disards  live  the  merriest  lives,  as  Ajax  in 
Sophocles;  nilii  I  scire  vita  jucundissima;  'tis  the  pleasantest 
life  to  know  nothing ;  iners  malorum  remedium   irfnorantia  ; 
ignorance  is  a  down-right  remedy  of  evils.    These  curious  arts 

"Tfr.  Seen.  2.  Adelph.  '■Plautiis.  -  Petronius,  Catal. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Medicinall  Physick.  85 

and  laborious  sciences,  Galens,  Tullies,  Aristotles,  Justiiiians, 
do  but  trouble  the  world,  some  think;  we  might  live  better 
with  that  illiterate  Virginian  simplicity,  and  gross  ignorance; 
entire  ideots  do  best;  they  are  not  macerated  with  cares,  tor- 
mented with  fears  and  anxiety,  as  other  wise  men  are:  for,  as 
*he  said,  if  folly  were  a  pain,  you  should  hear  them  houl,  roar, 
and  cry  out  in  every  house,  as  you  go  by  in  the  street;  but 
they  are  most  free,  jocund,  and  merry,  and,  in  some  *> coun- 
tries, as  amongst  the  Turks,  honoured  for  saints,  and  abun- 
dantly maintained  out  of  the  common  stock.  They  are  no 
dissemblers,  lyers,  hypocrities ;  for  fools  and  mad  men  tell 
commonly  truth.  In  a  word,  as  they  are  distressed,  so  are 
they  pitied;  which  some  hold  better  then  to  be  envied,  better 
to  be  sad  then  merry,  "  better  to  be  foolish  and  quiet,  quam 
sapere  et  riuf/i^  to  be  wise  and  still  vexed  ;  better  to  be 
miserable  then  happy  :  of  two  extremes  it  is  the  best. 


SECT.  IV. 
MEMB.  I.     SUBSECT.  1. 

Oj' Physick,  ichich  curetJi  icith  Medicines. 

After  alongand  tedious  discourse  of  thesesixnon-naturall 
things,  and  their  severall  rectiHcations,  all  which  are  compre- 
hended in  diet,  I  am  come  now  at  last  to  Phai'macentice,  or 
that  kind  of  physick  which  curetli  by  medicines,  which  apo- 
thecaries most  part  make,  mingle,  or  sell  in  their  shops. 
Many  cavill  at  this  kinde  of  physick,  and  hold  it  unnecessary, 
unprofitable  to  this  or  any  oiher  disease,  because  those  coun- 
tries which  use  it  least,  live  longest,  and  are  best  in  health, 
as '^Hector  Boethius  relates  of  the  isles  of  Orcades,  the  people 
are  still  sound  of  body  and  minde,  without  any  use  of  physick; 
they  live  commonly  120  yeers;  and  Ortelius,  in  his  Itinerary, 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  forrest  of  Ardeu,  ''they  are  very  pain- 
full, long-lived,  sound,  Sj-c.  '  Martianus  Capella,  speaking  of 
the  Indians  of  his  time,  saith,  they  were  (much  like  our  Avestern 
Indians  now)  bigger  then  ordinary  men,  hredcoursly,  very  long - 


=»Panneno  Caelestinae,  Act.  8.      Si  stultitia  dolor  esset,  in  nulla  non  domo  ejulatus 
audires.  bBusbequlus.     Sands,  lib.  1.  fol.  89.  c  Q„ishodie  beatior,  qaam 

cui  licet  stnltum  esse,  et  eorundatn  immunitatibus  frui?  Sat.  Menip.  dLib.  Hist. 

*'Parvo  viventes,  laboriosi,  longEevi,  suo  contenti,  ad  centum  annos  vivunt.  fLib.  6. 
deNup.  Philol.  Ultra  humanam  fragilitatem  prolixi,  iit  immature  pejeat  qui  centena- 
rius  moriatur,  &c. 


86  Cure  of  Melaiichohf.  [Part. '2.  .Sor.  4. 

lived,  in  so  inuc/i,  that  he  that  died  at  an  hundred  ifears  of  arjc, 
xcent  hefore  his  time,  tVr.  l)aiiiiaiiu*<  A-Goes,  Saxo  Grarnriia- 
ticus,  Aul>anus  Bolieimis,  say  theliko  oftliem  that  live  in  Nor- 
way, Lapland,  Finniark,  Bianiiia,  Corelia,  all  over  Scandia. 
and  those  northern  countries,  they  are  most  healthful!,  and 
very  long-lived  :  in  which  places  (here  is  no  use  at  all  ofphy- 
sick,  the  name  of  it  is  not  once  heard.  DithinarusBleskenius, 
in  his  accurate  description  of  Island,  I  GOT,  makes  mention, 
among-st  other  matters,  of  the  inhabitaiits,  and  their  manner 
of  livinji;",  "^  which  is  dried  jish  in  stead  of  bread,  butter,  cheese^ 
and  salt  meats ;  most  part  theji  drink  icater  and  xcheij  ;  anil 
yet  without  physick  or  physician,  they  live  many  of  them  250 
yeers.  I  finde  the  same  relation  by  Lerius,  and  some  other 
writers,  of  Indians  in  America.  ''Paulus  Jovius,  in  his  de- 
scription of  Ikittain,  and  Levinus  f.emnius,  observe  as  much 
of  this  our  island,  that  there  was  of  old  no  use  of  physick 
anionost  us,  antl  but  little  at  this  day,  except  it  be  for  a  few 
nice  idle  citizens,  suri'eiting  courtiers,  and  stall-fed  gentlemen 
lubbers.  The  country  people  use  kitchen  physick  ;  and  com- 
mon experience  tells  us,  that  they  live  freest  from  all  manner 
of  infirmities,  that  make  least  u^e  of  apothecaries  physick. 
3Iany  are  overthrown  by  preposterous  use  of  it,  and  tliereby 
get  their  biuie,  that  might  otherwise  have  escaped  :  ''some 
thiuk  physicians  kill  as  many  as  they  save  :  and  who  can  tell, 

^  Quot  Themison  eegros  autumno  occiderit  uno  ? 
how  many  murders  they  make  in  a  yeer,  (piibus  impune,  licet 
hominem  occidere,  that  m;<.y  freely  kill  folks,  and  have  a  reward 
for  it  ?  and,  according-  to  the  Dutch  proverb,  a  new  physician 
must  havea  new  church-yard;  and  who  daily  observes  it  not? 
3Iany,  thatdid  ill  under  physicians  hands, have  happily  escaped, 
when  they  have  been  given  over  by  them,  left  to  God  and  Na- 
ture, and  themselves.  'Twas  Plinies  dilemma  of  old — "^ Every 
disease  is  either  curable  or  incurable,  a  man  recovers  oj'it,  or  is 
killed  by  it :  both  wayes  physick  is  to  be  rejected:  if  it  be  dead- 
ly, it  cannot  be  cured;  if  it  may  be  helped,  it  repuires  no  phy- 
sician :  nature  will  expell  it  of  it  selfe.  Plato  made  itagreat 
sign  of  an  intemperate  and  corrupt  conuuonwealth,  where 
lawyers  and  physicians  did  abound  ;  and  the  Romans  distasted 
them  so  nuich,  that  they  were  often  banished  out  of  their  city. 


'  Victus  eonnn  caseo  ft  larip  ronsi<:tit:  potiis  aqiin   t't  serum  ;  piscps  loco  panis  ha- 
bent;  ita  multos  annos,  saepe  •2.'>0.  absque  tiiediro  pt  medicina  >ivunt  ''Lib  de  4. 

complex.  •^  Per  niortes  agiint  experiDienta,  et  anicuas  nustras  neeotiantur  ;  et  quo«l 

aJiis  cxiHale  hominumocridere,  iis  impMiiitassnniHia.  Fliniiis'  •'Juven.  *  Oninis 
roorbos  lethalis  aiit  curabilis:  JD  \i»am  d«sip)»  ant  in  mortem.  I'troque  i^tur  roodo 
wcf^nnn.  )nij()Ii);  si  letbaib,  ruiaxi  iicn  potest:  si  curabilw,  noD  requirit  medicum ; 
ndtina  exfif  Uet. 


Mem.  i.  Subs.  1.]         Medicinall  Physick.  St 

as  Pliny  and  Gelsus  relate,  for  600  years  not  admitted.  It  is 
not  art  at  all,  as  some  hold,  no  not  worthy  the  name  of  a  libe- 
rail  science  (nor  law  neither),  as  ^Pet.  And.  Canonherius,  a 
patritian  of  Rome  and  a  great  doctor  himself,  one  of' their  own 
tribe,  proves  by  16  arguments,  because  it  is  mercenary,  as  now 
used,  base,  and  as  tidlers  play  for  a  reward — 

Juridicis,  medicis,  fisco  fas  vivere  rupto:^ — - 

'tis  a  corrupt  trade,  no  science,  art,  no  profession ;  the  be- 
ginning-, practice,  and  progress  of  it,  all  is  naught,  full  of  im- 
posture, incertainty,and  doth  generally  more  harm  then  good, 
The  devil  himself  was  the  first  inventor  of  it:  Inventum  est 
medicbia  meum,  said  Apollo  :  and  what  was  Apollo,  but  the 
divell  ?  the  Greeks  first  made  au  art  of  it ;  and  they  were  all 
deluded  by  Apoilos  sons,  priests,  oracles.  If  we  may  beleeve 
Varro,  Pliny,  Columella,  most  of  their  best  medicines  were 
derived  from  his  oracles.  jEsculapius,  his  son,  had  his  temples 
erected  to  his  deity, and  did  many  famous  cures;  but, as  Lac- 
tantius  holds,  he  was  a  magician,  a  meer  impostor;  and  as  his 
successors,Phaon,Podalirius,Melampius,Menecrates  (another 
god),  by  charmes,  spells,  and  raiuistery  of  bad  spirits,  performed 
most  of  their  cures.  The  first  that  ever  wrote  in  physick  to 
any  purpose,  v/as  Hippocrates,  and  his  disciple  and  commen- 
tator Galen,  whom  Scaliger  calls  Jimbri am  Hippocratis,  but, 
as  ''  Cardan  censures  them,  both  immethodicall  and  obscure, 
as  all  those  old  ones  are,  their  precepts  confused,  their  medi- 
cines obsolete,  and  now  raostpartrejected.  Those  cures  which 
they  did,  Paracelsus  holds,  were  rather  done  out  of  their  pa- 
tients confidence,  '^and  good  opinion  they  had  of  them,  then 
out  of  any  skill  of  their's,  which  v/as  very  small,  hesaith,  they 
themselves  idiots  and  infants,  as  are  all  their  academicall  fol- 
lowers. The  Arabians  received  it  from  the  Greeks,  and  so  the 
Latines,  adding  new  precepts  and  medicines  of  their  own,  but 
so  imperfect  still,  that,  through  ignorance  of  professors,  im- 
postors, mountebanks,  empericks,  disagreeing  of  sectaries, 
(which  are  as  many  almost  as  there  be  diseases)  envy,  covet- 
ousnesse,  and  the  like,  they  do  much  harme  amongst  us. 
They  are  so  different  in  their  consultations,  prescriptions, mis- 
taking many  times  the  parties  constitution,  d  disease,  and 
causes  of  it,  they  give  quite  contrary  physick.  ^  One  saith 
this,  another  that,  out  of  singularity  or  opposition — as  he  said 
of  Adrian,  midtitudo  medicorum  principem  interjecit,  a  mul- 
titude of  physicians  hath  killed  the  emperour;  Plus  a  medico 

■>  In  interpretationes  politico-morales  iu  7.  Aphorism,  Hippoc.  libros.  ''Prafaf, 

de  contrad.  med.  <=  Opinio  facit  medicos :  a  fair  gowne,  a  velvet  cap,  the  name  of 

a  doctor,  is  all  in  all.  ii  Morbus  alius  pro  alio  curatur;  aliud  remedium  proalio, 

«Contrarias  proferunt  senteutias.     Card. 


88  Cure  of  Melancholy .  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

qinvn  a  morbo  periculi ;  more  danoer  thore  is  from  the  pliy- 
siciar),  then  fVoiii  t]>e  disease.  Besides,  tliere  is  iniicli  impos- 
ture and  malice  amonost  tliem.  .^//  arts  (saith  ''Cardan) 
admif  ofconzeuitif/  ;  physick  amotufst  the  rrst,  doth  appro- 
priate it  to  herseff;  and  tells  a  story  of  one  Curtius,  a  pliysi- 
cian  in  Venice,  because  he  was  a  straniior,  and  ])rartise«l 
amours-  them,  the  rest  of  the  physicians  did  still  crosse  him  in 
all  his  precepts.  If  he  prescribed  hot  medicines,  they  would 
prescribe  cold;  misceutes  pro  calidis  fric/icia,  pro  friqidis 
h»niida,  pro  pwrjautibiis  astrinr/entia,  binders  for  puroatives, 
omnia  pprtiirbabant.  If  the  parties  miscarried,  Cartiinn  dam- 
vabaiit ;  Cnrtius  killed  him,  tliat  disagreed  from  them  :  if  he 
recovered,  then  ''they  cured  him  themselves.  JMuch  emulation, 
imposture,  rardice,  there  is  amongst  them:  if  they  be  honest, 
and  mean  well,  yet  a  knave  apothecary,  that  administers  the 
physick,  and  makes  the  medicine,  may  do  infinite  harm,  by  his 
old  obsolete  doses,  adulterine  druggs,  bad  mixtures,  quid  pro 
quo,  Sfc.  See  Fuchsius,  lib.  I.  sect.  1.  cap.  8.  Cordus  Dis- 
pensatory, and  Brassivolas  Examen  simpl.  dic.  But  it  is  their 
ignorance  that  doth  more  harm  then  rashness ;  their  art  is 
wholly  conjecturall  (if  it  bean  art),  uncertain,  imperfect,  and 
got  by  killing  of  men:  they  are  a  kind  of  butchers,  leeches, 
men  slayers;  chirurgeons  and  apothecaries  especially,  that 
are  indeed  the  physicians  hang-men,  carnijiccs,  and  common 
executioners;  though,  to  say  truth,  physicians  themselves 
come  not  far  behinde ;  for,  according  to  that  facete  epigTam  of 
MaximilianusUrentius,  what's  the  difference? 

Chirurgus  medico  quo  (lifFert  ?  scilicet  isto, 

Enecat  hie  succis  ;  eiiecat  ille  manu. 
Carnifice  hoc  ambo  tantum  differe  videnlur: 

Tardius  hi  faciunt,  quod  facit  ille  cite. 

But  1  return  to  their  skill.  Many  diseases  they  cannot  cure 
at  all,  as  apoplexie,  epilepsie,  stone,  strangury,  gout, 

(Tollere  nodosam  nescit  medicina  podagrani) 

quartan  agues;  a  common  ague  sometimes  stumbles  them  all; 
they  cannot  so  much  as  ease,  they  know  not  how  to  judge  of 
it.  If  by  pulses,  that  doctiine  some  hold,  is  wholly  supersti- 
tions ;  and  I  dare  boldly  say  with  "^  Andrew  Dudeth,  that  va- 
riety of  piihr/s,  describrd.  by  Galett,  is  neither  observed  nor 
vnderfitood  of  any.    And  ior  urine,  that  is  merctrix  niedicornm, 

^  Lib.  3.  de  sap.     (Tnines  artes  fraudem  admittunt ;  sola   medicina  sponte  earn  ac- 
cersit.  bOrauis  sgrotus  propria  culpa  peril;  sed  nemo  nisi  medici  beneficio 

restituitiir.     Agrjppa.  ^ Lib.  3.  Crat.  ep.  VVinreslao  Raphamo.    Ausim  dicere, 

(r.t  piilsDUni  diflfrentias,  qua  describuntiir  a  Oalpno,  n*T  a  quoquam  intelligi,  nee  oh- 
3  r\ari  jmsje. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  I.]         Medicinall  Phijsick.  80 

the  most  deceitful  thing'  of  a3!,  as  Forestus  and  some  other 
physicians  have  proved  at  large:  1  say  nothing  of  critickdayes, 
errours  and  indications,  &c.     The  most  rational!  of  them,  and 
skilful!,  are  so  often  deceived,  that  as  ''Tholosanus  infers,  I 
had  rather  beleeve  and  commit  my  selfe  to  a  meer  emperick^ 
then  to  a  meer  doctor  ;  and  I  cannot  svjfflcienily   commend 
that  custome  of  the  Babylonians  ;  that  have  no  professed  phy- 
sicians, but  hring  all  their  patients  to  the  market  to  he  cured; 
which  Herodotus  relates  of  the  il^gyplians;  Strabo,  Sardus, 
and  Aubanus  Bohemus,  of  many  other  nations.     And  those 
that  prescribed  physick  amongst  them,  did  not  so  arrogantly 
take  upon  them  to  cure  all  diseases,  as  our  professours  do,  but 
some  one,  some  another,  as  their  skill  and  experience  did 
serve :  ^  one  cured  the  eyes  ;  a  second  the  teeth,  a  third  the  head^ 
another  the  lower  parts,  6^-c.  not  for  gain,  but  in  charity,  to 
do  good ;  they  made  neither  art,  profession,  nor  trade  of  it, 
which  in  other  places  uas  accustomed:  and  therefore  Camby- 
ses  (in  "  Xenophon)  told  Cyrus,  that,  to  his  thinking,  physi- 
cians were  like  taylers  and  coblers  ;   the  one  mended  onr  sick 
bodies,  as  the  other  did  our  cloaths.     But  I  will  urge  these  ca- 
velling-    and   contumelious  arguments  no  farther,  lest  some 
physician  should  mistake  me,  and  deny  me  physick  when  I 
am  sick:  for  my  part,  1  am  well  perswaded  of  physick  :  I  can 
distinguish   the   abuse  from  the  use,  in  this  and  many  other 
arts  and  sciences  :  ^  Aliud  vinum,  aliud  ehrietas  ;  wine  and 
drunkennesse  are  two  distinct  things.     I  acknowledge  it  a 
most  noble  and  divine  science,  in  so  much  that  Apollo,  tEscu- 
lapius,  and  the  first  founders   of  it,  merito  pro  Diis  habiti, 
were  worthily  counted  gods  by  succeeding  ages,  for  the  excel- 
lency of  their  invention.    And  whereas  Apollo  at  Delos,  Venus 
at  Cyprus,  Diana  at  Ephesus,  and  those  other  gods,  were  con- 
fined and  adored  alone  in  some  peculiar  places,   yEsculapius 
had  his  temple  and  altars  everywhere,  in  Corinth,  Lacedae- 
mon,  Athens,  Thebes,  Epidaure,  &c.  (Pausanias  records)  for 
the  latitude  of  his  art,  deity,  worth,  and  necessity.     With  all 
vertuous  and  wise  men,  therefore,  I  honour  the  name  and  call- 
ing, as  1  am  enjoy  ned  to  honour  the  physician  for  necessities 
sake.      The  knowledye  of  the  physician  lifteth  up  his  head  ; 
and  in  the  siyht  of  great  men  he  shall  be  admired.     The  Lord 
hath  created  medicines  of  the  earth  ;  and  he  that  is  icise  will 
not  abhorre  them,  Eccles.  58.  1.  But  of  this  noble  subject  how 


a  Lib.  '28.  cap.  7.  syntax,  art.  mirab.  Mallem  ego  expertis  credere  solum,  quaru 
mere  ratiocinantibus :  neque  satis  laudare  possum  institutum  Babylonicum,  &c. 
*>  Herod.  Euterpe,  de  .^gyptiis.  Apud  eos  singulorum  morbornm  sunt  singuli  medici, 
alius  curat  oculos,  alius  dentes,  alius  caput,  partes  occultas  alius.  c  Cyrop.  lib.  1. 

Velut  vestium  fractarum  lesarcinatores,  &c.  ^  Chrys.  hom. 


00  Cure,  of  Melancholy,  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

many  j)-mo<iyricks  are  wortliily  «ri(ton?  For  my  part,  as  Sal- 
Inst  s:ii<l  of  Carthage,  pncftat  s'llcre,  «/uam  paiicn  d'tcere  ;  I 
have  said  :  yet  one  thing  1  will  addc,  that  this  kind  of  phy- 
sick  is  very  moderately  and  advisedly  to  be  used,  upon  good 
occasion,  when  the  forujcr  of  diet  will  not  take  place.  And 
'tis  no  other  which  I  say, then  thatwhich  Arnoldus  prescribes 
i  n  h  is  8 .  A  ph  oris  •  '•'A  discrpet  and  ffoodlif  p/n/sician  doth  first 
endeavour  to  expell  a  disease  hi/  medicinall  dyet,  then  hy  pure 
medicine :  and  in  his  ninth,  ^  he  that  may  be  aired  by  diety 
must  not  meddle  icith  phys^ick.  So  in  11.  Aphoris,  ''A  mO' 
dest  and  n-ise  physician  icill  never  hasten  to  use  medicines, 
but  upon  nryent  necessity,  and  that  sparingly  too :  because 
(as  he  addes  in  his  13.  Aphoris.)  "^  Whoso  ever  takes  much 
physick  in  his  youth,  shall  soo7i  beicail  it  in  his  old  aye; 
purgative  physick  especially,  which  doth  much  debilitate  na- 
ture. For  which  causes,  some  physicians  refrain  from  the 
use  of  purgatives,  or  else  sparingly  use  them.  '-'  Henricus  Ay- 
rerus,  in  a  consultation  of  a  melancholy  person,  Mould  have 
him  take  as  few  purges  as  he  could,  because  there  be  no  such 
medicines,  which  do  not  steal  away  some  of  our  strength,  and 
rob  the  parts  of  onr  body,  iceaken  nature  and  cause  that 
cacochymia,  which  "^  Celsus  and  others  observe,  or  ill  de- 
gestion,  and  bad  juyce  through  all  the  ])artsofit.  Galen 
himself  confesseth,  ^that  purgative  physick  is  contrary  to 
nature,  takes  away  some  of  our  best  spirits,  and  consumes  the 
very  substance  of  onr  bodies :  but  this  without  question,  is 
to  be  understood  of  such  purges  as  are  unseasonably  or  im- 
moderately taken  ;  they  have  their  excellent  use  in  this  as 
w  ell  as  most  other  infirmities.  Of  alteratives  and  cordials 
no  man  doubts,  be  they  simples  or  compounds.  I  will, 
amongst  that  infinite  variety  of  medicines,  which  I  finde  in 
every  Pharmacopoeia,  every  physician,  herbalist,  &c.  single 
out  some  of  the  chiefest. 


»  Prndens  et  pius  medicus  morbum  ante  expellere  satagit  cibis  medicinalibus,  qaara 
purjs  medirinis.  •>  Cuicunque  potest  per  alitnenta  restitui  sanitas,  fugiendus 

est  peiiitus  usus  tnedicamentonim.  <■  Alodestiis  et  sapiens  medicus  nunquam 

properabit  ad  pharniaciam,  nisi  cogeule  necessitate.  '^  Quicunqne  pharmacatur 

in  jiiventute,  defkbit  in  senectute.  c  Hildesh.  spic.  2.  de  inel.  fol.  276. 

Nulla  est  ferme  roedicina  purgans,  qiivc  non  aliquam  de  viribus  et  partibus  corporis 
deprfedatar.  'Lib.  1.  et  Bart.  lib.  1.  cap.  12.  t.2  de  vict  acut. 

Omne  purgans    medicamentnni,   corpori  purgato  contrariuin.  Sec.  succos  et  spiritus 
abdncit^  substantiam  corporis  aufert. 


Mem.  ].Subs.2.]         Mediduall Phtjsick.  91 

SUBSECT.  II. 

Simples  proper  to  Melancholy ,  against  Exotick  Simples. 

ItIeDICINES  properly  applied  to  melancholy,  are  either 
simple  or  compound.  Simples  are  alterative  purgative.  Al- 
teratives are  such  as  correct,  strengthen  nature,  alter,  anyway 
hinder  or  resist  the  disease:  and  they  be  herbs,  stones,  mine- 
rals, &c.all  proper  for  this  humour.  For  as  there  be  diverse 
distinct  infirmities  continually  vexing-  us, 

AfTo/xaTot  (poiTuai,  X.XKCC  Shjto/o"<  (ptfovaxt 

Diseases  steal  both  day  and  night  on  men, 
For  Jupiter  hath  taken  voice  from  them: 

so  there  be  severall  remedies,  as  ^  he  saith, /or  each  disease  a 
medicine; J'or  every  humour;  and,  as  some  hold,  every  clime, 
every  country,  and  more  then  that,  every  private  place,  bath 
his  proper  remedies  growing  in  it,  peculiar  almost  to  the  do- 
n>ineering  and  most  frequent  maladies  of  it.  As  ''one  dis- 
courseth,  Wormicood  growes  sparingly  in  Italy ^  because  most 
part  there  they  he  misaffected  with  hot  diseases  ;  but  henbane, 
poppy,  and  such  cold  herbs :  tvith  us  in  Germany  and  Poland, 
great  store  oj'it  in  every  icast.  Baracellus  (Horto  geniali)  and 
Baptista  Porta  (Physiognoniic(e,  lib.  6.  cap.  23)  gave  many 
instances  and  examples  of  it,  and  bring  many  other  proofes. 
For  that  cause,  belike,  that  learned  Fuchsius  of  Noremberge, 
^ichen  he  came  into  a  village,  considered  ahvayes  lehat  herbs 
did  groic  most  frequently  about  it ;  and  those  he  distilled  in 
a  silver  limbeck,  making  use  of  others  amongst  them,  as 
occasion  served.  I  know  that  many  are  of  opinion,  our 
northern  simples  are  weak,  unperfect,  not  so  well  concocted, 
of  such  force,  as  those  in  the  southerne  parts,  not  so  fit  to 
be  used  in  physick,  and  will  therefore  fetch  their  drugs  a  far 
off— sena,  cassia  out  of  ^Egypt,  rubarbe  from  Barbary,  aloes 


"  Hesiod.  op.  fa  Heurnius,  prsef.  pra.  med.  Quot  morborum  sunt  idecc,  tot 

remediorum  genera  variis  potentiis  decorata.  c  Penottas,  denar.  med. 

Qnaecanque  regio  prodacit  simplicia,  pro  morbis  regionis.  Crescit  raro  absynthium 
in  Italia,  quod  ibi  plerumque  morbi  calidi,  sed  cicnta,  papaver,  et  herb»  frigidae  ;  apud 
no8  Grermanos  et  Polonos  ubique  provenit  absynthium.  <*  Qunm  in  villam 

venit,  consideravit  qnae  ibi  rreacebant  mediramenta  simplicia  frequentiora,  et  iis  ple- 
runque  usns  distiliatis,  et  aliter,  alimbiectiin  idfo  argcutcum  circumiereDS. 


92  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

from  Zocotora;  turbith,  ag-arick,  miraboJanes,  herinodaotils 
from  the  East  Indies,  tabacco  from  the  West,  and  some  as 
far  as  China,  hellebor  from  the  Anticync,  or  that  of  Austria 
Avhich  bears  the  purple  Hower,  which  iMathiobjs  so  much  ap- 
proves, and  so  of  the  rest.  In  the  kingdome  of  Valence  in 
Spain,  '^  Maginus  commends  two  mountains,  Mariola  and 
Renagolosa,  famous  for  simples;  ''Leander  Albertus, ^  Baldus, 
a  mountain  near  the  lake  of  Benacus  in  the  territory  of  Ve- 
rona, to  wiii( h  all  the  herbalists  in  the  country  continually 
flock;  Ortelius  one  in  Apulia,  Munster  Mons  Major  in  llis- 
tria;  others  Montpelier  in  France.  Prosper  Alpinus  preferres 
Egyptian  simples,  Garcias  ab  Horto  Indian  before  the  rest, 
another  those  of  Italy,  Crete,  &c.  Many  times  they  are  over- 
curious  in  this  kind,  whom  Fuchsius  taxeth  (Instit.  I.  1.  sec.  1. 
cap.l),  '^  that  f /link  the jf  doe  nothinf/,  except  theij  rake  all 
over  India,  Arabia,  ^Ethiopia,  for  remedies,  andj'etch  their 
physick  from  the  three  quarters  of  the  rcorld,  and  from  be- 
yond the  Garamantes,  Many  an  old  icife  or  country  woman 
doth  often  more  yood  icith  a  few  kmnrn  and  common  yarden 
herbs,  then  our  bombast  physicians,  with  all  their  prodigious, 
stimptnoiis,  far-fetched,  rare,  conjectnrall  medicines.  With- 
out all  question  if  we  have  not  these  rare  exotick  simples,  we 
hold  that  at  home  which  is  in  vertue  epuivalent  unto  them  : 
ours  w  ill  serve  as  well  as  theirs,  if  they  be  taken  in  proportion- 
able quantity,  fitted  and  qualified  aright,  if  not  much  better, 
and  more  proper  to  our  constitutions.  But  so  'tis  for  the  most 
part,  as  Pliny  writes  to  Gallus,  ^ive  are  careless  of  that  which 
is  neer  us,  and  follow  that  which  is  afarre  off,  to  know  ichich 
we  %cill  travell  and  sail  beyond  the  seas,  wholly  neylecthuf 
that  tvhich  is  under  our  eyes.  Opium,  in  Turky,  doth 
scarce  offend;  with  us  in  a  small  quantity  it  stupifies  :  cicuta, 
or  hemlock  is  a  strong  poyson  in  Greece;  but  with  us  it  hath 
no  such  violent  effects.  I  conclude  with  J.  Voschius,  who,  as 
he  much  inveighs  against  those  exotick  medicines,  so  hepro- 
miseth,  by  our  European,  a  full  cure,  and  absolute,  of  all  dis- 
eases ;  a  capite  ad  calcem,  nostra;  regionis  herba;  nostris 
corporihns  magis  conducunt ;  our  own  simples  a^rce  best  with 
lis.  It  was  a  thingwhichFerneliusmuch  laboured  in  his  French 
practice,  to  reduce  all  his  cure  to  our  proper  and  domestick 


■^Herbfe  raedicis  utiles  omnium  in  Apulia  feracissimse.  '•Geog.  ad  quos 

magnns  herbariorum  numerus  undique  confluit.     Sincerus,  Itiner.  <•  Baldus 

mons  prope  Benaciun  herbilepis  maxinie  notns.  •'  Qui  se  nihil  effecisse 

arbitrantur,  nisi  Indiam,  yEthiopiani,  Arabiani,  et  ultra  Garamantas,  a  tribiw  mnndi 
partibus  exquisita  remedia  conradunt.  Tutius  ssepe  medetur  rustica  anus  una,  &c. 
cEp.  lib.  8.  Proximorum  incuriosi,  longinqua  sectamur,  et  ad  ea  cognoscenda  iterio- 
gredi  et  mare  transmittere  solemus ;  at  qua'  sub  oculis  jiosita  negligimus. 


.Mom.  1.  Subs.  -?.]         Med'winaH  Physick.  93 

physick:  So  tiki  •'»  Janus  Cornarius,  and  Martin  Rnlandus,  in 
Germany.  T.  B.  with  us,  as  appeareth  by  a  treatise  of  bis  di- 
vuloed  in  our  tongue,  1615,  to  prove  the  sufficiency  of  Eng-lish 
medicines  to  the  cure  of  all  manner  of  diseases.  If  our  simples 
be  notaltogether  of  such  force,  or  so  apposite,  it  may  be,  if  like 
industry  were  used,  those  far  fetched  druggs  would  prosper  as 
well  with  us,  as  in  those  countries,  w  hence  now  we  have  them, 
as  well  as  cherries,  artichokes,  tobacco,  and  many  such.  There 
have  been  divers  worthy  physicians,  which  have  tryed  excel- 
lent conclusions  in  this  kinde,  and  many  diligent,  painfull 
apothecaries,  as  Gesner,  Besler,  Gerard,  &c.  but  amongst  the 
rest,  those  famous  publike  gardens  of  Padua  in  Italy,  Norera- 
berge  in  Germany,  Leiden  in  Holland,  Montpelier  in  France, 
(and  oui-s  in  Oxford  now  in  fieri,  at  the  cost  and  charges  of 
the  rio-ht  honourable  the  Lord  Danvers  Earl  of  Danby)  are 
much  to  be  commended,  wherein  all  exotick  plants  almost  are 
to  be  seen,  andliberall  allowance  yearly  made  for  their  better 
maintenance,  that  young  students  may  be  the  sooner  informed 
in  the  knowledge  of  them;  which,  as  ''Fuchsius  holds,  is  most 
necessari)  for  that  exquisite  manner  of  curing,  and  as  a  great 
shame  for  a  physician  not  to  observe  them,  as  for  a  workman 
not  to  know  his  axe,  saw,  square,  or  any  other  tool  which  he 
must  of  necessity  use. 


SUBSECT.  IlL 

Alteratives,  Herhes,  other  Vegetals,  ^c. 

Amongst  those  SOO  simples,  which  Galeottus  reckons 
up  (lib.  3.  de  promise,  doctor,  cap.  3),  and  many  exquisite  herb- 
alists have  written  of,  these  few  following  alone  I  finde  appro- 
priated to  this  humour  ;  of  which  some  be  alteratives:  "^  which, 
by  a  secret  force,  saith  Renodeus,  ayid  speciall  quality,  expell 
future  diseases,  perfectly  cure  those  which  are,  and  many  such 
inciirable  effects.  This  is  as  well  observed  in  other  plants, 
stones,  minerals,  and  creatures,  as  in  herbs,  in  other  mala- 
dies as  in  this.  How  many  things  are  related  of  a  mans 
skull !  what  severall  vertue  of  corns  in  a  horse  legge,  '^  of  a 
wolves  liver,  &c.  of  diverse  ^excrements  of  beasts,  all  good 
against  severall  diseases  !     What  extraordinary  vertues  are 

aExotica  rejecit,  domesticis  solum  nos  contentos  esse  voluit.     Melch.  Adamus,  vit. 
ejus.  '^  Instit.  1.  1.  cap.  8.  .sec    1.  ad  exquisitam  curandi  rationem,  quorunm  cog- 

nitio  imprimis  necessaria  est.  "-'  Quas  caeca  vi  ac  specifica  qualitate  morbos  futuros 

arcent.  lib.  1.  cap.  10.  lustit.  Phar.  ^  Galen,  lib.  Hepar  lupi  hepaticos  curat. 

*•  Stercus  pecoris  ad  epilepsiam,  &c. 


94  Cnrp  of  Mrlunclioii/.  [V:\vt.  2.  Sec.  4. 

ascribed  unto  plants  I  ^  Satf/rhim  t^t  enicu  pcncm  er'/i/nnt ; 
nite.r  et  ntfrnphaa  semen  extifirfiinnt :  'some  herbs  provoke 
Iiist;  some  iii^ain,  as  airnus  castus,  waterlilly,  quite  extinguish 
seed  :  poppy  causetb  sleep :  cabbi<i-e  resisteth  drunkeness,  &c. 
and  that  which  is  more  to  bo  adiniretl,  that  such  and  such 
plants  should  have  a  particuhir  vertue  to  such  particular  parts, 
'  as  to  the  l:rnd  anniseeds,  foalfoot,  l)etony,  calaruint,  eye- 
bright,  lavander,  bayes,  roses,  rue,  sage,  marjoram,  piony, 
&c. — for  tlic  lungs  calamint,  li((uorice,  enxda  campana,  hy- 
sop,  horehound,  water  germander.  Sic. — for  the  heart,  borage, 
buglosse,  saftron,  bawm,  basil,  rosemary,  violet,  roses,  &c. — 
for  the  stomack,  wormwood,  mints,  betony,  bawm,  centaury, 
sorel,  purslan; — for  the  liver,  darfhspine  or  chamiepitys,  ger- 
mander, agrimony,  fennell,  endive,  succory,  liverwort,  bar- 
baryes; — for  the  spleen,  maiden-hair,  finger-ferne,  dodder  of 
thyme,  hoppe,  the  rinde  of  ash,  betony  ; — for  the  kidnies, 
grumell,  parsly,  saxifrage,  plantane,  mallowe  ; — for  the  womb, 
mugwort,  pennyroyall,fetherfew,savine,  &c.; — for  the  joints, 
camomile,  S.  Johnswort,  organ,  rue,  cowslips,  centaury  the 
lesse,  &c. ; — and  so  to  peculiar  diseases.  To  this  of  melancholy 
you  shall  find  a  catalogue  of  herbs  proper,  and  that  \n  every 
part.  See  more  in  Wecker,  Renodeus,  Heurnius,  lib.  2. 
cap.  \i).  tSc.  I  will  briefly  speak  of  them,  as  first  of  altera- 
tives, which  Galen  in  his  third  book  of  diseased  parts,  prefers 
before  diminutives,  and  Trallianus  brags  that  he  hath  done 
more  cures  on  melancholy  men  *^by  moistning-,  then  by 
purging-  of  them. 

Borfff/r.']  In  this  catalogue,  borage  and  buglosse  may  chal- 
lenge the  chiefcst  place,  whether  in  substance,  juice,  roots, 
seeds, flowers,lca\es,  decoctions, distilled  waters,  extracLs, oils, 
&c.  for  such  kind  of  herbs  be  diversly  varied.  Buglosse  is  hot 
and  moist,  and  therefore  worthily  reckoned  up  amongst  those 
herbs  which  expell  melancholy,  and  '^ exhilarate  the  heart, 
(Galen,  lib.  6.  cap.  80.  de  .fimpl.  med.  Dioscorides,  lib.  4. 
cap.  123.)  Pliny  much  magnifies  this  plant.  It  may  be 
diversly  used;  as  in  broth,  iu  'wine,  in  conserves,  syrops,  &c. 
It  is  an  excellent  cordiall,  and  against  this  malady  most  fre- 
quently prescribed;  an  herb  inde^'d  of  such  sovereignty,  that, 
as  Diodorus  {lib.  7.  6*7;/.)  Plinius  {lib.  25.  cap.  2.  et  lib.  21. 
cap.  22.)  Plutarch  (.'<7fmpos.  lib.  1.  cap.  I)  Dioscorides  (lib.  5. 
cap.  40)  Ca?lius  (lib.'lQ.  c.  3)  suppose,  it  was  that  famous  ne- 
penthesofsHomer,  which  Polydamua,Thonis  wife,  (then  king 


»  Priestpintle,  rocket.  ''  .Sabina  fetutn  educit.  <^  Weckcr.  Vide  Oswaldom 

Crolliara,  lib.  de  inlernis  rerum  signatnris.   de  hcrbis  particularibns  parte  cuique  con- 
venkntibua.  <i  Idem  Lanrentius,  r.  9.  "^  Dicor  Barago  :  gandia  semper  ago. 

'  Vino  JDfuaiim  hilaritatem  facit.  k  Odyss.  A . 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3]         Medic'umll  Phifskh.  95 

of  Thebes  in  Eg-ypt)  sent  Helena  for  ri  toke!),  of  such  rare 
vertue,  that,  if  taken  steept  in  wine,  if  wife  and  children,  fa- 
ther and  mother,  brother  and  sister,  and  all  thy  dearest  friends, 
should  die  before  thy  face,  thou  couldst  not  grieve  or  shed  a 
tear  for  them. 

Qui  semel  id  patera  mixtum  nepenthes  laccho 
Hauserit,  hie  lacrymam,  non  si  suavissima  pi'oles, 
Si  germanus  ei  charus,  materque  paterque 
Oppetat,  ante  oculos  ferro  contbssus  atroci-  •  •  • 

Helenas  commended  boul,  to  exhilarate  the  heart,  had  no  other 
ingredient,  as  most  of  our  criticks  conjecture,  then  this  of 
borage. 

Bmvme.']  Melissa,  Bawm,  hath  an  admirable  vertue  to  alter 
melancholy,  be  it  steeped  in  our  ordinary  drink,  extracted,  or 
otherwise  taken.  Cardan  {lib.  8)  much  admires  this  herb.  It 
heats  and  dries,  saith  ^  Heurnius,  in  the  second  deg-ree,  with  a 
wonderfull  vertue  comforts  the  heart,  and  purgeth  all  melan- 
choly vapors  from  the  spirits;  Matthiol.  hi  lib.  3,  c.  10.  in 
Dioscoridem.  Besides  they  ascribe  other  vertues  to  it,  ^  as  to 
help  concoction^  to  cleanse  the  braine,  exp<'Al  all  carefidl 
thoughts^  and  anxious  imaginations.  The  same  words  in  ef- 
fect are  in  Avicenna,  Pliny,  Simon  Sethi,  Fuchsius,  Leobel, 
Delacampius,  and  every  herbalist.  Nothing  better  for  him 
that  is  melancholy  then  to  steep  this  and  borage  in  his  ordi- 
nary drink. 

Scorzo}iera.]  Matthiol  us,  in  his  fift  book  of  medicinall  Epis- 
tles, reckons  up  scorzonera  '^  7iot  against  poison  onlg,  falling 
sick?iess,  and  such  as  are  vertiginous,  but  to  this  maladg  ;  tiie 
root  of  it.,  taken  by  it  self,  expells  sorroiv,  causeth  mirth  and 
lightness  of  heart. 

Antonius  Musa,  that  renowned  physician  to  Caesar  Augustus, 
in  his  book  which  he  writ  of  the  vertues  of  botany,  cap.  6, 
wonderfully  commends  that  herb:  animas  hominum  et  corpora 
cvstodit,  securas  de  metu  reddit ;  it  preserves  both  body  and 
minde  from  fears,  cares,  griefs ;  cures  falling-  sickness,  this 
and  many  other  diseases ;  to  which  Galen  subscribes,  lib,  7, 
simpl.  vied.     Dioscorides,  lib.  4.  cap.  1.  ^-c. 

Marigold  is  much  approved  against  melancholy,  and  often 
used  therefore  in  our  ordinary  broth,  as  good  against  this  and 
many  other  diseases.  , 


aLib.  2,  cap.  ?.  prax.  med.     Mira  vi  laetitiam  praebet,  et  cor  confirmat ;  vapores 
melancholicos  purgat  a  spiritibus.  ^  Proprium  est  ejus  animiim  hilarem  red- 

dere,  concoctionem  juvare,  cerebri  obstructiones  resecare,  solicitiidines  fugare,  so- 
licitas  imaginationes  toUere.  '^  Non  solum  ad  viperarum  morsus,  comi  • 

tiaies,  vertigioosos ;  sed  per  se  accommodata  radix  tristitiam  discutit,  hilaritatetnqiie 
eonciliat. 


96  Cure  of  Melanclio/i/.  [Part.  2,  Sec.  4. 

Hop.]  Lnpulus,  hop,  is  a  soverni^n  roniedy;  i'uchsius 
(cap.  58.  Plant,  hist.)  miich  extols  it ;  '  it  piirf/eth  all  choler,, 
and  purifips  the  blood.  Matthiol.  {cap.  140.  in  4.  Dioscor.) 
wonders  the  physicians  of  his  time  made  no  more  use  of  it, 
because  it  rarifies  and  cleanseth  :  we  use  it  to  this  purpose  in 
our  ordinary  beer,  which  before  was  thick  and  fulsome. 

^Vor!nwood,  centaury,  pennyroyall,  are  likewise  magnified, 
and  much  prescribed  (as  1  shall  after  shew)  especially  in  hypo- 
chondriake  melancholy,  daily  to  be  used, sod  in  whey:  as  Kuttus 
Ephesius,  **  Aretseus,  relate,  by  breaking'  winde,  helping^  con- 
coction, many  melancholy  men  have  been  cured  with  the  fre- 
quent use  of  them  alone. 

And,  because  the  spleen  and  blood  are  often  misaffected  in 
melancholy,  I  may  not  omit  endive,  succory,  dandelyon,  fume- 
tory,  &c.  which  cleanse  the  blood;  scolopendria,  cuscnta,  cete- 
rache,  mugworth,  liverwort,  ashe,  tamerisk,genist, maidenhair, 
&c.  which  much  help  and  ease  the  spleen. 

To  these  1  may  adae  roses,  violets,  capers,  fetherfew,  scordi- 
um,  stoechas,  rosemary,  rossolis,salfron,  ocyme,  sweet  apples, 
wine,  tobacco,  sanders,  &c.  that  Peruvian  chamico,  monstrosd 
facultate,  cVc  Linshcosteus  Datura ;  and  to  such  as  are  cold, 
the  ^  decoction  of  guiacum,  china,  salsaperilla,  sassafras,  the 
flowers  of  carduus  benedictus,  which  I  find  much  used 
by  Montanus  in  his  consultations,  Julius  Alexandrinus,  Lse- 
lius,  Eg-ubinus,  and  others.  '^  Bernardus  Penottus  prefers  his 
herha  solis,  or  Dutch-sindaw,  before  all  the  rest  in  this  dis- 
ease, and  will  admit  of  no  herb  upon  the  earth  to  he  com-' 
parable  to  it.  It  excells  Homers  moly,  cures  this,  falling- 
sickness,  and  almost  all  other  infirmities.  The  same  Penot- 
tus speaks  of  an  excellent  balm  out  of  Aponensis,  M'hich, 
taken  to  the  quantity  of  three  drops  in  a  cup  of  wine,  "^  icill 
cause  a  sudden  alteration^  drive  aicaif  dumps,  aitd  chcar  up  the 
heart.  Ant.  Guianerius,  in  his  Antidotary,  hath  many  such. 
*^ Jacobus  de  Dondis, the yir/r/rec/w/or, repeats ambergreese,  nut- 
megs, and  all  spice  amongst  the  rest.  But  that  cannot  be  gene- 
ral I  ;  andjer  and  spice  will  make  a  hot  brain  mad,  good  for 
cold  and  moist.  Garcias  ab  Horto  hath  many  Indian  plants, 
whose  vertues he  nuich  magnifies  in  this  disease.  Lemnius  {in 
stit.  cap.  5^)  admires  rue,  and  commends  it  to  have  excellent 
vertue,  to  "e.vpell  vain  imat/inationSy  divels,  and  to  ease  af- 

^'Bilem  atramque  rfetraliit,  sangiiincni  jjiirgaL  ''  I^ib.  7.  cap.  5.  Laet  occid. 

Indise  descrip.  lib.  10.  cap.  'J.  ^  Heiirnius,  1.  2.  consil.  IS-x  Scoltzii  consil.  77. 

<!  Praef.  denar.  med.    Omnes  capitis  dolores  et  phantasraata  tollit ;  scias  nullara  herbam 
in  teriis  hin'c  comparandam  viribn.s  et  bonitate  nasci,  ^  Optimnm  medicamenfum 

in  celeri  cordis  confortatione,  et  ad  omne.s  qui  tristantar,  Jvc.  '  Rondoletiiis. 

Elenuin  quod  vim  habet  inirain  ad  liilaritateni,  et  miilli  pro  secreto  lial)eiit.    Srkenkius, 
observ.  med.  cen.  5.  observ.  86,  s  Alflictas  uientes  reltvat,  animi  imaginationes 

et  daemoDes  expellit 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  4.]         Medicinall  Physick.  97 

Jiicted  souls.  Other  things  are  much  magnkied  by  'writers, 
as  an  old  cock,  a  rams  head,  a  wolfes  heart  born  or  eaten, 
which  Mercurialis  approves  ;  Prosper  Alpinus,  the  water  of 
Nilus;  Comesius  all  sea  water,  and  at  seasonable  times  to  be 
sea  sick;  goats  milk,  whey,  &c. 


SUBSECT.   IV. 


Pretious  Stones^  Metals,  Minerals,  Alteratives. 

X  RETIOUS  stones  sre  diversely  censured :  many  explode 
the  use  of  them  or  any  minerals  in  physick,  of  whom  Thomas 
Erastus  is  the  chief,  in  his  Tract  against  Paracelsus,  and  in  an 
Epistle  of  his  to  Peter  Monavius  :  ^that  stones  can  work  amf 
wonders,  let  them  beleeve  that  list :  no  man  shall  perswade  me: 
for  my  part,  I  have  found  by  experience,  there  is  no  vertue  in 
them.  But  Matthiolus,  in  iiis  comment  upon  <=Dioscorides,  is  as 
profuse  on  the  other  side  in  their  commendation;  so  is  Cardan, 
Renodeus,  Alardus,  Rueus,  Encelius,  Marbodeus,  Sec.  '^Mat- 
thiolus specifies  in  corall  :  andOswaldus  Crollius  {Basil,  chym.) 
prefers  the  salt  of  corall.  «^Christoph.  Encelius  (lib,  3.  cap. 
131)  will  have  them  to  be  as  so  many  severall  medicines 
against  melancholy,  sorrow,  fear,  dulnesse,  and  the  like.  ^Re- 
nodeus admires  them,  besides  they  adorn  kings  crowns,  grace 
the  fingers,  enrich  our  houshold  stiiffe,  defend  us  from  enchant' 
ments,  preserve  health,  cure  diseases,  they  drive  away  grief 
cares,  and  exhilarate  the  minde.     The  particulars  be  these. 

Granatus,  a  pretious  stone  so  called,  because  it  is  like  the 
kernels  of  a  pomegranate,  an  unperfectkinde  ofruby:  itcomes 
from  Calecut:  §//'  hung  about  the  neck,  or  taken  in  dritik,  it 
much  resisteth  sorrow,  and  recreates  the  heart.  The  same 
properties  1  find  ascribed  to  the  iacinthandtopaze :  ''they  allay 
anger,  grief,  diminish  madness,  much  delight  and  exhilarate 
the  UHude.     ^  (fit  be  either  carried  about,  or  taken  in  a  potion, 


a  Sckenkius,  Mezalzus,  Rliasis.  bCratonis  ep.  vol.  1.  Credat  qui  vult  gemmas 

mirabilia  efficeie  ;  mihi,  qui  et  ratione  et  esperientia  didici  aliter  rem  habere,  nuilus 
facile  persaadebit,  falsum  esse  verum.  <^L.  de  gemmis.  dMargaritae 

et  corallum  ad  melancholiam  prajcipue  valent.  e  Margaritas  et  gemmae  spiritus 

confortant  et  cor,  melancholiam  fugant.  f  Praefat  ad  lap.  prec.  lib.  2.  sec.  2.  de 

mat.  med.  Regum  coronas  ornant,  digitos  illustrant,  supellectilem  ditant,  a  fascine 
tuentur,  morbis  medentur,  sanitatera  conserrant,  mentem  exhilarant,  tristitiam  pellunt. 
e  Encelius,  1.  3.  c.  4.  Suspensus  vel  cbibitus  tristitia;  multum  resistit,  et  cor  recreat. 
h  Idem  cap.  5.  et  cap.  G.  de  Hyacintho  et  Topazio.  Iram  sedat,  et  animi  tristitiam 
pellit.  i  Lapis  hie  gestatus  aut  ebibitus  prudentiam  auget,  nocturnos  timores 

pellit ;  insanos  hoc  sanavi ;  et  quura  lapidera  abjenerint,  erupit  iternm  stnltitia. 

VOL.  11.  H 


<)8  Cure  of  Melancholif.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

?7  ww7/  increase  wisdome,  saith  Cardan,  exppUfcar.  lie  brag« 
that  ho  hath  cured  vunnf  mad  ineyi  willt  it,  v/iir/t^  v/h'H  they 
laid  hif  the  stone,  icere  as  madar/aiu.  as  ever  t/iej/  were  at  first. 
Petrus  Bayerus,  {tib.  2.  caj).  l-i.  veiii  meruui)  Fran,  linens, 
{cap.  \9.de  f/euimis),  say  as  much  of  the  chrysolite,  ■'a  friend 
of  uisdonie,  an  enetny  to  folly.  Pliny  (//'/;.  ;57),  Solinns  (^cap. 
52),  Albertns  (de  lapid.)  Cardan,  Encelius  (lib.  3.  cap.  (Mi), 
highly  mao-nities  the  vertue  of  the  beryl  1 :  ^it  much  availes  a 
f/ood  understandiiif/,  represseth  vain  conceits,  evil  thour/hts^ 
causeth  mirth,  cSc.  In  the  belly  of  a  swallow,  there  is  a  stone 
found,  called  chelidonins,  '^ivhich,  if  it  he  lapped  in  a  J'air 
cloth,  andtijed  to  the  rir/ht  arm,  ivill  cure  lunaticks,  mad  men^ 
viake  them  amiable  and  merry. 

There  isakinrle  of  onyx,  called  a  chalcidonye,  which  hath 
the  same  qualifies,  ^ availesmuch  arfainst pliantastick  illusions 
which  proceed  frommelanchoh) ,  preserves  the  vigour  and  good 
estate  of  the  whole  body. 

The  eban  stone  which  goldsmiths  use  to  sleeken  their  gold 
with,  born  about  or  given  to  drink/hath  the  same  properties, 
or  not  much  unlike. 

Lseviuus  Lemnius  (Institut^ad  vit.  cap.  58),  amongst  other 
jewels,  makes  mention  of  two  more  notable,  carbuncle  and 
corall,  '  which  drive  away  childishj'ears,  diveh,  overcome  sor- 
row,  and,  huny  about  the  neck,  repress  troublesum  dreams  ; 
which  properties  almost  Cardan  gives  to  that  green  coloured 
serametris,  if  it  be  carried  about,  or  worn  in  a  ring;  Rueus  to 
the  diamond. 

Nicholas  Cabeus,  a  Jesuit  of  Fenara,  in  the  first  book  of 
his  magnetical  Philosophy,  cap.  3,  speaking  of  the  vertues  of 
a  loadstone,  recites  many  several  opinions;  some  say,  that,  if. 
it  be  taken  in  parcels  \n\ym(\,  si  rjuis per  J'rusta  voret,juventu- 
tem  restituet, it  will,  like  vipers  wine,  restore  one  to  his  youth; 
and  yet,  if  carried  about  them,  others  will  have  it  to  cause 
melancholy:  let  experience  determine. 

Mercurialis  admires  the  emerald  for  his  vertures  in  pacifying 
all  affections  of  the  mind  ;  others  the  saphyre,  which  is  the 
^fairest  of  all  precious  stones,  ofskye  colour,  andayreat  enemy 


n  Indncit  sapientiam,  fugat  stultitiam.  Idem  Cardnnus,  Innalicos  jmat.  ••  Confert 
ad  bonutniDtellectum,  coraprimitmalas  cogitaHonps,itc.  Alacres  reddit  f  Albertns, 
Eoceliiis,  cap.  44  lil).  .3.  Plin.  lib.  37.  cap.  10.  Jacobus  de  Dondis:  dexfro  brachio 
alligatiis  sanat  hinaticos,  insanos,  faclt  amabiIes,.iiiciindo.s.  ■' Valet  contra  phan- 

tasticas  illiisiones  ex  melancholiti.  <■  Ainentes  sanat,  tristitiani  pellit.  iram,  &c. 

Valet  ad  fugandos  timores  et  da-mones,  turbidenta  somnia  abigif,  et  nortiirnos  piiero- 
rorutii  timores  compescit.  P  Somnia  hrta  facit,argenteo  annulo  geatatiis.  hAtrse 
bili  adversatnr,  omnium  gemmamm.  ptilclicrrima,  cceli  colorem  relert,  animum  ab  er- 
rore  lilierat,  mores  in  melins  mntat. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  4. J         Medkinall  Physirk.  99 

to  black  choler,Jre3s  the  mmd,  mends  manners,  Sj-c.  Jacobus  de 
Dondis,  in  his  CataJogue  of  Simples,  hath  amber  greece,  os  in 
corde  certi,  *the  bone  in  a  stags  hearf,  a  monocerots  horn, 
Bezoars  stone'*(of  n  hich  elsewhere)  :  it  is  found  in  the  belly 
of  a  little  beast  in  the  East  Indies,  brought  into  Europe  by- 
Hollanders  and  our  country-men  merchants.  Renodeus  {cap. 
22.  lib.  3.  de  ment-  med.)  saith  he  saw  two  of  these  beasts 
alive  in  the  castle  of  the  lord  of  Vitry  at  Coiibert. 

Lapis  lazidi  and  armenus,  because  they  purge,  shall  be 
mentioned  in  their  place. 

Of  the  rest  in  brief  thus  much  I  will  add  out  of  Cardan, 
Renodeus,  cap.  23.  lib.  3.  Rondo'etius,  lib.  1.  de  Testat.  c. 
J5.  8^'c.  '^that  almost  all  j  excels  and  precious  stones  have  excel- 
lent verities  to  pacifie  the  affections  of  the  mind  ;  for  which 
cause  rich  men  so  much  covet  to  have  them:  "^and  those 
smaller  unions  which  arej})undi>!  she/I.;  amonr/st  the  Persians 
and  Indians,  by  the  consent  of  all  writers,  are  very  cordial, 
and  most  part  avail  to  the  exhilaration  of  the  heart. 

Minerals.]  Most  men  say  as  much  of  gold,  and  some  other 
minerals,  as  these  have  done  of  pretious  stones.  Erastus  still 
maintains  the  opposite  part.  Disput.  in  Paracelsum,  cap.  4. 
J'ol.  196.  he  confesseth  of  gold,  ^  that  it  makes  the  heart  merry t 
but  in  no  other  sense  but  as  it  is  in  a  misers  chest : 


-at  niihi  plaudo, 


simulac  nummos  contemplor  in  arcS, 

as  he  said  in  the  poet;  it  so  revives  the  spirits,  and  is  an  ex- 
cellent receit  against  melancholy, 

^  For  gold  in  physick  is  a  cordial, 
Therefore  he  loved  gold  in  special, 

Aurumpotabileshe  discommends,  and  inveighs  against  it,  by 
reason  of  the  corrosive  waters  which  are  used  in  it :  which  ar- 
gument our  D"^.  Guin  urgeth  against  D.  Antonius.  "^Erastus 
concludes  their  philosophical  stones,  and  potable  gold,  &c.  to 
be  710  better  thanpoyson,  a  meer  imposture,  a  non  ens  ;  dig-'d 
out  of  that  broody  hill,  belike,  this  goodly  golden  stone  is,  ubi 
nascetur  ridicuhis  mns.  Paracelsus  and  his  chymistical  fol- 
lowers, as  so  many  Promethei,  will  fetch  fire  from  heaven,  will 
cure  all  manner  of  diseases  with  minerals,  accounting  them 


»Longis  moeroribus  feliciter medetur  deliquiis,  &c.  ''Sec.  5.  Mem.  1.  Snbs.  5. 

c  Gestamen  lapidum  et  gemmarum  maximnm  fert  auxiliam  et  juvamen  ;  uiide,  quidites 
sunt,  gemmas  seciim  ferre  student  d  Margaritae  et  uniones,  qua3  a  conchis  et 

piscibus  apud  Persas  et  Indos,  valde  cordiales  sunt.  Sec.  "^  Aurum  Icetitiam 

generat,  non  in  corde,  sed  in  area  virorum.  f  Chaucer.  ?Aunimnonau- 

rnm.    Noxium  ob  aquas  rodentes.  •'Ep.  ad  Monavium.     Metallica  omnia 

in  iiniversum,  qnovis  modo  parata,  nee  into  nee  commode  intra  corpus  siimi. 

H  g 


100  CurcofMelancho/i/.  [Part.  2.  S«c  4. 

tlie  only  physick  on  the  otlier  side,  ''Paracelsus  calls  Galen, 
lli|)|>«)cratcs,  and  all  their  adherents,  infants,  idiots,  sophis- 
ters.  Sec.  .'Ipfif/ps'is  isfos  (ju'i  I'tilcinitfis  istds  mcfamarplioses 
s!(ffi//(tnf,  niscit'id!  soholrs,  snpi/ia'  pcrfinaruc  olnmnos,  cS-rr.  not 
Morthy  the  name  of  physicians,  for  want  of  these  remedies; 
and  brags  that  by  them  lie  can  make  a  man  live  160  yeers,  or 
to  the  worlds  end.  A^'ith  their  ^ alfwi/jhannacums,  panaceas, 
wummias,  viifjnentum  armarium,  and  such  mnonetical  cures, 
lampas  vita;  et  mortis,  baltwnm  Diatue,  hahamiim,  electrum, 
viaf/ico-p/ii/sic7(m,  amuletaMartialia,  &c.  M'hatAvill  not  he  and 
Lis  followers  effect  ?  He  brags  moreover  that  he  w.x'^ primus 
medicorum,  and  did  more  famous  cures  then  all  the  physicians 
in  Europe  besides:  '^  a  drop  of  /lis  preparations  should  (/o 
farther  than  a  dram,  or  ounce  <f  theirs,  those  loathsome  and 
fulsome  filthy  potions,  heteroclitical  pills  (so  he  cals  them) , 
horse  medicines,  ad  quorum  aspect um  Cjjc/ops  Polifphemus 
exhorresceref.  And,  though  some  condemn  their  skill  and 
magnetical  cures  as  tending-  to  magical  superstition,  witchery, 
charms,  kc.  yet  they  admire,  stiffly  vindicate  nevertheless,  and 
infinitely  prefer  them.  But  these  are  both  in  extreams:  the 
middle  sortapprove  of  minerals,  though  notinso  high  adegree. 
Lemnius  {lifj.  3.  cap.  ().  de  occult,  nat.  mir.)  commends  gold 
inwardly  and  outwardly  used,asin  rings,  excellent  good  in  me- 
dicines; and  such  mixtures  as  are  made  for  melancholy  men, 
saith  Wecker  {antid.  spec  lib.  1),  to  whom  Renodeus  sub- 
scribes, {/ib.  '2.  cap.  2),  Ficinus  (lib.  2.  cap.  l.Q),  Fernel.  (meth. 
vied.  lib.  5.  cap.  21.  de  Cardiacis),  Daniel  Sennertus  (lib.  I. 
part.  2.  cap.  9),  xAudernacus,  Libavius,  Qnercetanus,  Oswal- 
dus  Crollius,  Euvouymus,  Rubeus,  and  Matthiolus,  in  the 
fourth  book  of  his  Epistles,  Andreas  a  Blawen  (epist.  ad  .Mat- 
thiolum),  as  conmiendod  and  formerly  used  by  Avicenna, 
Arnoldus,  and  many  others.  '^3Iatthiolus  in  the  same  place 
approves  of  potable  gold,  mercury,  with  many  such  chymical 
confections,  and  goes  so  far  in  approbation  of  them,  that  he 
holds,  ^no  man  can  be  an  excellent  jihijsieian  that  hath  not 
some  skill  in  chymisiical  distillations,  and  that  chronick  dis' 
eases  can  hardli/  be  cured  irithont  mineral  medicines.  Look 
for  antimony  among  purgers. 


a  In  parag.  Stultissimus  pilus  occipitis  mei  i)lus  scit  qiiam  oinnes  vrstri  doctores ;  et 
calceorum  meoruni  anniili  doctiores  suntquam  vester  (Jalnniist-f  Avicenna  ;  barha  mea 
plus  experta  est  qii;im  vestra;  omnes  Rradfiniit;.  ''  Viil<'  Ermstdm  Hurgratiuni, 

edit.  FrauakerH"  1611.     Crollius  and  itherH.  <•  Plus  proiicict  putta  mea  fiuam 

tot  eornm  drachmae  et  uncia-.  *'  Nonnnlli  huir  supra  niodum  in(lu!;;rnt :  usnm, 

etsi  non  adeo  niagtinrn,  non  tatntn  abjiciendtiin  censeo.  «■  Ansini  dicere  nPininem 

mediciim  exjcellcntein  qui  non  in  hac  di.stillatione  chymica  sit  versatus.      Morbichro- 
nici  dcvinci  citra  metallica  vix  po.ssint,  aut  ubi  sangui.s  corrumpitur. 


Meai.  1.  Subs.  5.]         Compound  Alteratives.  101 


SUBSECT.  V. 

Compound  Alteratives  ;  censure  of  Compounds,  andmixt    ] 
Physick. 

X  LINY  (lib.  24.  c.  l)bitterlytaxeth  all  compound  medicines. 
'^Mens  knavery , imposture,  andcaptiousivits,have  invented  those 
shops,  in  lohich  every  mans  life  is  set  to  sale:  and  by  and  b)j 
came  in  those  compositions  and  inexplicable  mixtures,  far  fetcht 
out  of  India  and  Arabia;  a  medicinp.for  a  botch  must  be  hadas 
farre  as  the  Red  Sea,  ^-c.     And  'tis  not  without  cause  which 
he  saith  ;  for  out  of  question  they  are  much  to  ''blame  in  their 
compositions,  whilst  they  make  infinite  variety  of  mixtures,  as 
<^Fuchsius  notes.     They  think  they  yet  themselves  great  credit, 
excel  others,   and  be  more  learned  then  the  rest,  because  they 
make  ma?iy  variations:  but  he  accounts  them  fools;  atid,  whilst 
they  bray  of  their  skill,  and  think  to  yet  themselves  a  name, 
they  become  ridiculous,  bewray  their  ignorance  and  error.     A. 
few  simples,   well  prepared  and   understood,  are  better  then 
such  an  heap  of  nonsense  confused  compounds,  which  are  in 
apothecaries  shops  ordinarily  sold;  in  which  7nany  vain  su- 
perfluous, corrupt,   exolete  things  out  of  date  are  to  be  had 
(saith  Cornarius),  a  company  of  barbarous  names  given  tosyr- 
rops,  julips,  an  unnecessary  company  of  mixt  medicines  ;  rudis 
indigestaque  moles.    Many  times  (as  Agrippa  taxeth)  there  is 
by  this  means  <^  more  danger  from  the  medicine  then  from  the 
disease;  when  they  put  together  they  know  not  what,  orleave 
it  to  an  illiterate  apothecary  to  be  made,  they  cause  death  and 
horror  for  health.       Those   old  physicians  had  no   such  mix- 
tures ;  a  simple  potion  of  hellebor  in  Hippocrates  time  was  the 
ordinary  purge  ;  and  at  this  day,  saith  Mat,  Riccius,  in  that 
flourishing  common- wealth  of  China,  ^  Their  physicians  give 
precepts  (juite  opposite  to  ours,  not  unhappy  in  their  physick; 
they  use  altogether  roots,  hearbs,  and  simples  in  their  medicines; 


=  Fraiides  hominum.  et  ingeniorum  captnrae,  officiuas  invenere  istas,  in  qtiibus  sua 
cuique  venalis  promittitur  vita:  statim  compositiones  et  niixturaj  inexplicabiles  ex 
Arabia  et  India,  iilceri  paivo  medicina  a  Rubro  Mari  importatur.  i* Arnoldus, 

Aphor.  15.  Fallax  medicus,  qui,  potens  inederisimplicibus,compo.sita  dolose  ant  friistra 
quierit.  <=  Lib.  1.  sec.  1.  cap.  8.     Dum  infinita  medicamenta  miscent,  laudem 

sibi  comparare  student ;  et  in  hoc  studio  alter  alterum  superare  conatnr,  dum  quisque 
quo  plura  miscuerit,  eo  se  doctiorem  pntat ;  inde  fit,  ut  suam  prodant  inscitiain,  dum 
ostentant  peritiam,  et  se  ridicules  exhibeant,  &c.  I'Multo  plus  periculi  a 

medicamento  quam  amorbo,  &c.  «'Expedit.  in  Sinas,  lib.  1.  c.  5.    Prascepta 

medici  dant  nostris  diversa,  in  medendo  non  infelices  ;  phamiacis  utuntur  simplicibus, 
herbis,  radicibus,  &c.  tota  eorum  medicina  nostrse  herbariaj  pra;ceptis  continetur; 
ntillus  Indus  hujns  arfis  ;  quisqne  privatus  a  quolibet  magistro  eruditur. 


102  Cure  of  Melanchohj .  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

and  all  their  phifsick  in  a  manner  Is  comprehended  in  an  herbal: 
no  science,  no  tschoolc,  no  art,  no  deffrees  :  but,  like  a  trade, 
everif   man  in  private  is   instrncted  of  his  master.     *  Cardan 
cracks  that  lie  can  cure  all  diseases  wilii  wafer  alone,  as  Hip- 
pocrates of  old  did  most  infirmities  m  itli  one  medicine.      Let 
the  best  of  our  rational   physicians   <lcni(»iisfrarc  and  g-ive  a 
sufficient  reason  for  those  intiicate  inixf ores,  Avhy  just  so  many 
simples  in  mithridate  or  treacle,  m  hy  such  and  such  quantity  ; 
may  they  not  be  reduced  to  half  or  fjuarter?  Frnstra  Jit  per 
plnra,   (as  the  sayinu:  '■■^)  fpfod  fieri  potest  per  pandora  ;  JiOO 
simples  in  a  julip,  ]^olioi).or  p  little  pill,  (o  vhat  end  or  pur- 
pose?    1  know  not  what  ^Aikindus  Capivaccius,  Montanna, 
and  Simon  Eifover,  the  best  of  them  all,  and  most  rational, 
liavc  said  in  this  kind;  but  neither  he.  they,  nor  any  of  them, 
gives  his  reader,  to  my  judj^cinent,  that  satisfaction  which  be 
ought ;  why  sucli,  so  many  sinjplcs  ?  IJog.  Bacon  hath  taxed 
many  errors  in  his  tract  de  (/radnationihus,   explained  some 
things,  but  not  cleared.    Mercurialis  (in  his  book  de  composit. 
medicin.)  gives  instance  in  liamech.  and  Philonium  Romanum, 
which  Hamech  an  Arabian,  and  Philoniusalloman,  long  since 
composed,  but  crasse  as  the  rest.     If  they  be  so  exact,  as  by 
Lim  it  seems  they  were,  and  those  mixtures  so   perfect,  why 
doth  Fernelius  alter  the  one,  and  why  is  the  other  obsolete  ? 
«=  Cardan   taxeth  Galen  for  presuming  out  of  his  ambition  to 
correct  theriacum  Andromachi ;  and  we  as  justly  may  carp  at 
all  the  rest.      Galens  medicines  are  now  exploded  and  re- 
jected :  what  Nicholas  Meripsa,  Mesne,  Celsus,  Scribanius, 
Actuarius,  &c.  writ  of  old,  are  most  part  contemned,      Melli- 
chius,  Cordus,  Wecker,  Quercetan,  IJenodeus,  the  Venetian, 
Florentine  states,  have  their  several  receipts,  and  magistrals: 
they  of  Noremberge  have  theirs,  and  Anr/nstana  T^harmaco- 
poe'ia  peculiar  medicines  to  the  meridian  of  their  city  ;  London 
hers;  every   city,  town,   almost  every  private  man  hath  his 
own  mixtures,  compositions,  receipts,  magistrals,  precepts,  as 
if  he  scorned  antif.uity,   and  all    others  in  respect  of  himself. 
But  each  man  must  correct  and  alter,  to  shew  his  skill:  every 
opinionative  fellow  must  maintain  his  own  paradox,  be  it  what 
it  will ;  Delirant  rer/cs,  pleetuntnr  .Ichivi :  they  dote ;  and  in 
the  mean   time  the  poor  patients  pay  for  their  new  experi- 
ments ;  the  commonalty  rue  it. 

Thus  others  ol)ject ;  thus  I  may  conceive  out  of  theweakness 
of  my  apprehension  ;  but,  to  say  truth,  there  is  no  such  fault, 
no  such  ambition,  no  novelty,  or  ostentation,   as  some  sup- 


*  Lib.  de  Aqni.  *"  Optisc.  de  Dos.  '  Subtil,  cap.  de  scientii*. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5]     Compound  Alteratives.  103 

pose  :  but  (as^one  answers)  this  of  compound  medicines  is  a 
most  noble  and  profitable  invention,  found  out,  and  hroi/nht 
into  physick,  icith  f/reat  judgement,  jcisdome,  connsel.  and  dis- 
cretion. Mixt  diseases  must  have  mixt  remedies;  and  such 
simples  are  commonly  mixt,  as  have  reference  to  the  part 
atFected,  some  to  c^ualify,  the  rest  to  comfort,  some  one  part, 
some  another.  Cardan  and  Brassavola  both  hold  that  yiullum 
simplex  medicamentum  sine  noa-d,  no  simple  medicine  is  with- 
out hurt  or  offence;  and,  although  Hippocrates,  Erasistratus, 
Diodes  of  old,  in  the  infancy  of  this  art,  were  content  v.ith 
ordinary  simples  j  yet  now,  saith  ^  Aeinis,  necessity  compcUeth 
to  seek  for  new  remedies,  and  to  make  compounds  of  simplss, 
as  re  ell  to  correct  their  harms,  if  cold,  dry,  hot,  thick,  thin, 
insipid,  noysome  to  smell,  to  make  them  savory  to  the  palat, 
pleasant  to  taste  and  take,  and  to  preserve  them  for  continu- 
ance, by  admixtion  of  sugar,  hony,  to  make  them  last  monthes 
and  years  for  several  uses.  In  such  cases  compound  medi- 
cines mny  be  approved  ;  and  Arnoklus,  in  his  18  Aphorisme, 
doth  allow  of  it.  '^  If  simples  cannot,  necessity  compels  us  to 
use  compounds ;  so  for  receits  and  magistrals,  c?/es  f/iem  docet, 
one  day  teacheth  another,  and  they  are  as  so  many  words  or 
phrases. 

Quae  nunc  sunt  in  honore  vocabula,  si  volet  usus  ...... 

ebbe  and  flow  with  the  season  ;  and,  as  w  its  vary,  so  they 
may  be  infinitely  varied. 

Quisque  suum  placitum,  quo  capiatur,  habet : 

every  man  as  he  likes  ;  so  many  men  so  many  minds,  and  yet 
all  tending  to  good  purpose,  though  not  the  same  v,  ay.  As 
arts  and  sciences,  so  physick  is  still  perfected  amongst  the 
rest.  Hora;  Musarum  imtrices  ;  and  experience  teacheth  us 
every  day  'i  many  things  which  our  predecessors  knew  not  of. 
Nature  is  not  effoete,  as  he  saith.  or  so  lavish,  to  bestow  all 
her  gifts  upon  an  age,  but  hath  reserved  some  for  posterity, 
to  shew  her  power,  that  she  is  still  the  same,  and  not  old  or 
consumed.  Birds  and  beasts  can  cure  themselves  by  nature; 
'^natures  nsu  ea  pleriimqne  cognoscunt,  cpiw  homines  vix  lonqo 
labore  et  doctrindassequuntur ;  but  men  must  use  much  labour 
and  industry  to  find  it  out :  but  I  digresse. 

Compound  medicines  are  inwardly  taken,  or  outwardly  ap- 

aQnercetan.  pharmacop.  restitnt.  cap.  2.     Nobilissimam  et  utilissimiim  inventum 
sammii  cnm  necessitate  adinventiim  et  introductum.  ^Cap.  25.  Tetrabib.  4. 

ser.  2.  Necessitas  nunc  cogit  aliquando  noxia  quKrere  remedia,  et  ex  siniplicibos 
composita  facere,  turn  ad  saporeiu,  odorem,  palati  gratiam,  ad  correctionem  simpliciuni, 
turn  ad  futures  usus,  conservationem,  &c.  cCum  simplicia  non  possunr,  neces- 

sitas cogit  ad  composita.  <<  Lips.  Epist.  <"  Thcod.  ProdromHS  Amor. 

Jib.  9. 


lot  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2,  Sec.  4. 

plyed.     Inwardly  taken,  be  citlier  liquid  or  solid  ;  liquid,  are 
tluid  or  consisting'.     Fluid,  as  wines  and  syrrups.     The  w  ines 
ordinarily  used  to  this  disease,  are  ^^orInowood-wine,  tama- 
risk, and  bnglossatuni,  wine  made  of  boraj^eand  bu^loss;  the 
composition  of  which  is  specified  in  Arnohhis  Villanovanus, 
ill).  (/(.'  vin'is,  of  borage,  bawme,  bugloss,  cinnamon,  &c.  and 
higldy  conmiended  for  its  vertues  ;  ^  it  drives  an-nij  leprosy ^ 
scabs,  cleers  the  blood,  recreates  the  spirits,   exhilarates  the 
mind,  purr/eth  the  brain  of  those  an.rions  black  melancholy 
fames,  and  cleanseth  the  ichole  body  of  that  black  humour  by 
urine.       To  which  I  adde,  saith  V  illanovanns,    that  it  icill 
briny  mad  men,  and  such  rayiny  bedlams  as  are  tied  in  chains, 
to  the  nse  of  their  reason  ayain.     My  conscience  bears  me 
witness,  that  I  do  not  lye:  J  saw  a  yraved  matron  helped  by 
this  means  ;  she  was  so  cholerick,  and  so  furious  sometimes, 
that  she  teas  almost  mad,  and  beside  herself:  she  said  and 
did  she  knew  not  what,  scolded,  beat  her  maids,  and  was  now 
ready  to  be  bound,  till  she  drank  of  this  boraye  wine,  and,  by 
this  excellent  remedy,  was  cured,  which  a  poor  for  rainer,  a 
silly  beyyar,  tanyht  her  by  chance,  that  came  to  crave  an  alms 
from  door  to  door.      The  juyce  of  borage,  if  it  be  clarified, 
and  drunk  in  wine,  will  do  as  much,  the  roots  sliced  and 
steeped,  &c.  saith  Ant.  Mizaldns,  art.  med.  who  cites  this 
story  verbatim  out  of  Villanovanus  ;  and  so  doth  Magninus  a 
physician  ofMillan,  in  his  regimen  of  health.     Such  another 
excellent  compound  water  I  find  in  Rubeus,  de  distill,  sect.  3. 
which  he  highly  magnifies,  out  of  Savanarola,^y  or. si/c/t  as  are 
solitary,  dull,  heavy  or  sad  without  a  cause,  or  be  troid)led 
with  trembliny  of  heart.      Other  excellent  compound  waters 
for  melancholy,  he  cites  in  the  same  place,  ""if  their  melan- 
choly be  not  inflamed,  or  their  temperature  over  hot.     Euony- 
mus  hath  a  pretious  aquavitw  to  this  purpose,  for  such  as  are 
cold.     But  he  and  most  commend  auriimpotabile  ;  and  every 
writer  prescribes  clarified  whey,  with  borage,  bugloss,  endive, 
succory,  &c.  of  goats  milk  especially,  some  indefinitely  at  all 
times,  some  thirty  dayes  together  in  the  spring,  every  morn- 
ing- fasting,   a  good  draught.      Syrrups  are  very  good,  and 


aSanguinem  corruptuni  eniaculat,  scabiera  abolet,  lepram  curat,  spiritua  recreat,  et 
animiim  cxliilarat.  Alelancholicos  liiimores  per  iirinam  ediicit,  et  cerebrum  a  crasais, 
?crumnosis  melancholia' fiiinis  piirgat;  quibusaddo,  dementes  et  fnriosos  vinculis  reti- 
nendos  plurimum  juvat,  et  ad  rationis  iisum  ducit.  Testis  est  mihi  conscientia,  quod 
videritn  matronam  quamdani  hinc  libcratam,  qua;  frequeufius  exiracundia  demens,  et 
impos  aniuii,  dicenda  tacenda  loqiiebafur,  adeo  furens  >it  ligari  cogeretur.  Fuit  ei 
praestantissimo  remedio  viol  istius  usus,  indicalus  a  perecrino  homine  mendico,  elee- 
mosynam  prap  foribus  dictap  matronae  iraplorante.  hjig  qui  trisfantur  sine 

rausna,  et  vifant  amironim  »ociet«fem,  rt  tremnnt  rordf.  '  Modo  non  infiam- 

on^tur  melanrholia,  autcalidore  tcmperamento  sinf. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5.]         Compound  Medicines.  105 

often  used  to  tligest  this  humour  in  the  heart,  spleen,  liver,  &c. 
syrrup  of  borage,  (there  is  a  famous  syrriip  of  borage  highly 
commended  by  Laurentius  to  this  purpose  in  his  tract  of  melan- 
choly) de  pomis  of  king  Sabor  now  obsolete,  of  thyme  and  epi- 
thyme,  hops,  scolopendria,  fumitory,  maidenhair,  bizantine,&c'. 
These  are  most  ussed  for  preparatives  to  other  physick,  mixt 
with  distilled  waters  of  like  nature,  or  in  julips  otherwise. 

Consisting  are  conserves  or  confections;  conserves  of  borage, 
bugloss,  bawme,  fumitory,  succory,  maidenhair,  violets,  roses, 
wormwood,  &c.  confections,  treacle,  mithridate,  eclegms,  or 
lincturcs,  &c. — solid,  as  aromatical  confections;  hot,  diambra, 
diamair/arititm  calidum,  dianihus,  diamoschum  dulce,  elecUia- 
rium  de  gemmis,  Icetifcans  Galeni  et  Rhasis,  diagaUnga,  dia- 
cimgnum,  dironsum,  diatrion  piperion,  diazinziber,  diacapers^ 
diacinnamonnm  :  cold,  as  diamarganinmfrigidum,  diacorolli, 
diarrhodon abbatis,  diacodion,  ^c.  as  every  Pharmacopceia  will 
shew  you,  with  their  tables  or  losinges  that  are  made  out  of 
ihem;  with  condites,  and  the  like. 

Outwardly  used  as  occasion  serves,  as  amulets,  oyls  hot  and 
cold,  as  of  caraomdejStaBchados,  violets,  roses,  almonds,  poppy, 
nymphsea,  mandrake,  &c.  to  be  used  after  bathing,  or  to  pro- 
cure sleep. 

Oyntments  composed  of  the  said  species,  oyls  and  wax,  &c. 
as  alabasiritum,  popnleum,  some  hot,  some  cold,  to  moysten, 
procure  sleep,  and  correct  other  accidents. 

Liniments  are  made  of  the  same  matter  to  the  like  purpose : 
emplasters  of  herbs,  flowers,  roots,  &c.  with  oyls,  and  other 
liquors,  mixt  and  boiled  together. 

Cataplasms,  salves,  or  pultises,  made  of  green  herbs,  pound- 
ed, or  sod  in  water  till  they  be  soft,  which  are  applied  to  the 
hypocondries,  and  other  parts,  when  the  body  is  empty. 

Cerotes  are  applyed  to  several  parts,  and  frontals,  to  take 
away  pain,  grief,  heat,  procure  sleep  :  fomentations  orspunges, 
wet  in  some  decoctions,  &c.  epithemata,  or  those  moist  medi- 
cines, laid  on  linnen,  to  bath  and  cool  several  parts  misaftected. 

Sacculi,  or  little  bags  of  herbs,  flowers,  seeds,  roots,  and  the 
like,  applied  to  the  head,  heart,  stomack,  &c.  odoraments, 
balls,  perfumes,  posies  to  smell  to;  all  which  have  their  several 
uses  in  melancholy,  as  shall  be  shewed,  when  1  treate  of  the 
cure  of  the  distinct  species  by  themselves. 


106  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

MEMB.  II.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Purffhuf  Simples  vjncurds. 

31-ELANAGOGA,  or  melancholy  purg-injj  medicines,  are 
either  simple  or  compound,  and  that  genlly  or  violently,  pur- 
ging upwards  or  downward.  These  following  purge  upwanl. 
"Asarum.  or  asrabrcca,  which,  as  Mesne  saith,  is  hot  in  the 
second  degree,  and  <lry  in  tlic  third:  it  is  cnriimajih/  falcoi  in 
7rine  whey^  or,  as  with  ns,  (he  juycc  of  two  or  three  Iravrs  or 
more  sometimes,  pounded  in  posset  drink  qualified  Mith  aliflle 
liquorice,  or  anniseeds,  to  avoid  the  fulsomeness  of  the  taste, 
or  as  diasernm  Fernelii.  Brassivola  {in  Cathart.)  reckons  it 
up  amongst  those  simples  that  only  purge  melancholy,  and 
Ruelliusconiirmsasmuch  out  of  his  experience,  that  it  purge!  h 
''black  choler,  like  hellebore  it  self.  Galen,  (lih.  6.  simplic.) 
and  "^  Matthiolus  ascribe  other  vertues  to  it,  and  Mill  have  it 
purge  other  humours  as  well  as  this. 

Laurel,  by  Heurnius,  (inelhad.  ad prax.  lib.  2.  cap.  24')  is 
put  amongst  the  strong  purgers  of  melancholy;  it  is  hot  and  dry 
in  the  fourth  degree.  Dioscorides  (lib.  11.  cap.  114)  adds 
•*  other  effects  to  it.  Pliny  sets  down  15  berries  in  drink  for  a 
sufficient  potion  :  it  is  commonly  corrected  with  his  opposites, 
cold  and  moist,  asjuyce  of  endive,  purslane,  and  is  taken  in  a 
potion  to  seaven  grains  and  a  half.  But  this,  and  asrabecca, 
every  gentlewoman  in  the  country  knows  how  to  give  :  they 
are  two  common  vomits. 

Scilla,  or  sea  onyon,  is  hot  and  dry  in  the  third  degree. 
Brassivola,  (in  Catltart.)  out  of  IMesue,  others,  and  his  own 
experience,  Mill  have  this  simple  to  purge  'melancholy  alone. 
It  is  an  ordinary  vomit,  vinum  scilliticum,  mixt  withrubel  in  a 
little  white  m  ine. 

White  hellebor,  M'hich  some  call  sneezing  powder,  a  strong 
purgerupM'ard,Mhichmany  reject,  as  beingtoo  violent:  jMesue 
and  Averrocs  M-ill  not  admit  of  it,  ^  by  reason  of  danyer  of 
suffocation,  ^  yreat  pain  and  trouble  it  puts  the  poor  patient 
to,  saith  Dodonaeus.  Yet  Galen  {lib.  6.  simpl.  wed.)  and  Dios- 
corides (cap.  14.5)  alloM' of  it.  It  Mas  indeed  ^'terrible  in 
former  times,  as  Pliny  notes,  but  noM-  familiar,  insomuch  that 

«  Henrnins  :  Datar  in  sero  lactis,  aut  vino.  b  Veratri  modo  expiirgat  cerebrum, 

roborat  memoriam.     Fuchsias.  <=  Crassos  et  biliosos  humores  per  vomitum  educiL 

d  Vomitum  et  menses  ciet  •.  valet  ad  hydrop.  &:c.  *  Materias  atras  eilucit  '  Ab 

arte  ideorejiciendum,  obpericulum  suH'ocationis.  i^Cap.  16.  Magna  vi  educit,  et 

noolestia  cum  smnma.  *"  Quondam  terribile. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]         Purging  Simples.  107 

many  took  it  in  those  dayes,  "that  were  students,  to  quicken 
their  wits;  which  Persius  (Sat.  1.)  objects  to  Accins  tlie  poet 
— lUas  Acci  ebria  veratro.     ""  It  helps  melancholy,  the  fulling 
sickness,  madness,  gout,  l\c.  but  not  to  he  faketi  of  old  men, 
youths,  such  as   are  iceaklings,  nice  or  effeminate,  troubled 
with  headach,  high  coloured,  or  fear  strangling,  saith  Dios- 
corides.       ^  Oribasius,  an  old  physician,  hath  written  very 
copiously,  and  approves  of  it,  in  such  ajfections,  which  can 
otherwise  hardly  be  cured.     Heurnius  (lib.   2.  prax.  med.  de 
vomitoriis)  will  not  have  it  used  "^  but  with  great  caution,  by 
reason  of  its  strength,  and  then  when  antimony  will  do  no  good, 
which  caused   He:  inophilus  to  compare  it  to  a  stout  captain 
(as  Codronchus  observes,  cap.  7-  comment.  deHelleb.)  (hat  will 
see  all  his  sonldiers  go  before  him,  and  come  post  principia, 
like  the  bragging  souldier,  last  himself.     ^  IVhen  other  helps 
fail  in  inveterate  melancholy,  in  a  desperate  case,  this  vomit 
is  to  be  taken.     And  yet  for  all  this,  if  it  be  well  prepared,  it 
may  be  '^ securely  taken  at  first.      sMatthiohis  brags,  that  he 
hath  often,  to  the  good  of  many,  made  use  of  it;  and  Heur- 
nius, "^^that  he  hath  happily  used  it,  prepared  after  his  oicnpre-. 
script,  and  Avith  good  success.     Christophoras  a  Vega  (lib.  3. 
cap.  41)  is  of  the  same  opinion,  that  it  may  be  lawfully  given ; 
and  our  country  gentlewomen  tiude  it  by  their  common  prac- 
tice, that  there  is  no  such  great  danger  in  it.     D^  Turner, 
speaking  of  this  plant,  in  his  herball,  telleth  us,  that  in  his 
time  it  was  an  ordinary  receipt  among  good  wives,  to  give 
hellebor  in  powder  to  ii'*  weight;  and  he  is  not  much  against 
it.     Bnt  they  do  commonly  exceed,  (for  who  so  bold  as  blinde 
Bayard ?)and  prescribe  itby  pennyworths,  and  such  irrationall 
wayes,  as  I  have  heard  my  self  market  folks  ask  for  it  in  an 
apothecaries  shop  :  but,  with  what  success,  God  knows  :  they 
smart  often  for  their  rash  boldness  and  folly,  break  a  vein, 
make  their  eyes  ready  to  start  out  of  their  heads,  or  kill  them- 
selves.    So  that  the  fault  is  not  in  the  physick,  but  in  the  rude 
and  undiscreet  handling  of  it.  He  that  will  know  therefore,when 
to  use,  how  to  prepare  it  aright,  and  in  what  dose,  let  him  read 
Heurnius,  lib.  2. prax.  med.     Bra&sivola,  de  Cathart.     Code- 


»  Malti  studiorum  gratia,  ad  providenda  acrias  quas  commentabantnr.  bjyiede- 

tur  comitialibns,  melancholicis,  podagricis  ;  vetatur  senibns,  pneris,  moUibiis,  et  elfe-- 
minatis.  *;  Collect,  lib.  8.  cap.  3.  In  affectionibus  iis  qiife  difficulter  ctirantur,  hel- 

lebonim  damus.  d  Non  sine  snmma  cautione  hoc  remedio  utemur;  est  enim  vali- 

dissimum;  et,  quiira  vires  antimonii  contemnit  morbus,  in   aiixiliiim  evocatiir,  modo 
valide  vires  elllorescant.  *  Aetiiis,  tetrab.  cap.  1.  ser.  2.     lis  solum  dari  vult 

heUeborum   album,   qui  secus    spem  non  habent,   non  iis  qui  syncopen  timent,  &c. 
1  Cum  salute  multonim.  f  Cap.  12.  de  morbis  cap.  h  Nos  facillirae  irtimar 

nostro  prasparato  helleboro  albo. 


108  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

fridus  Stegius  the  emperoiir  liodolphus  physician,  cap.  16. 
Matthiolus  in  Dioscor.  and  that  excellent  conunentary  ofBap- 
tista  Codronchus  (which  is  mstar  omninm)  de  Helleh.  alb. 
where  he  shall  finde  great  diversity  of  examples  and  receipts. 
Antimony  or  stibiun),  which  onrcliymists  so  much  niagnifie, 
is  either  taken  in  substance  or  infusion,  &c.  and  tVequently  pre- 
scribed in  this  disease.  It  helps  all  infirmities,  saith  "Mat- 
thiolus, which  proceed  from  black  choler,  fallinf/  sickness^ 
and  hifpochondriacall  passions  ;  and,  for  farther  proof  of  his 
assertion,  he  gives  severall  instances  of  such  as  have  been  freed 
with  it:  ''one  of  Andrew  Gallus,  a  physician  of  Trent,  that,  after 
many  other  essaj'es,  imputes  the  recovery  of  his  health,  next 
to  God,  to  this  remedy  alone;  another  of  George  Handshius, 
that,  in  like  sort,  when  other  medicines  failed,  ^icas  by  this 
restored  to  his  former  health,  andwhich,  of  his  knoicledcje,others 
have  likewise  tried,  and,  by  the  help  of  this  admirable  medicine^ 
been  recovered;  a  third  of  a  parish  priest  at  Prague  in  Bohe- 
mia, ^  that  was  so  far  yone  with  melancholy,  that  he  doted, 
and  spake  he  knetc  not  ichat  ;  but,  after  he  had  taken  \'2  yrains 
of  stibium,  (as  I  myself  saiv,  and  can  witness,  for  I  ivas  called 
tosee  this  miraculous  accident )  he  was  puryedofa  deal  of  black 
choler,  like  little  yobbets  of  flesh,  and  all  his  excrements  icere  as 
black  blood  (a  medicine  fitter  for  a  horse  then  a  man)  :  yet  it 
did  him  so  much  yood,  that  the  next  day  he  teas  perfectly  cured. 
This  very  story  of  the  Bohemian  priest,  Sckenkius  relates 
verbatim,  {Exoter.  experiment,  ad  var.  morb.  cent.  6.  observ.  6.) 
with  great  approbation  of  it.  Hercules  de  Saxonia  calls  it  a. 
profitable  medicine,  if  it  be  taken  after  meat  to  6  or  8  grains, 
of  such  as  are  apt  to  vomit.  Rodericus  a  Fonspca  the  Spa- 
niard, and  late  professor  of  Padua  in  Italy,  extols  it  to  this 
disease  {Tom.  2.  consul.  85);  so  doth  Lod.  Mercatus  {de  inter, 
morb.  cur.  lib.  l.cap.  17),  with  many  others.  JacobusGervi- 
nus,  a  French  physician,  on  the  other  side,  {lib.  2.  de  venenis 
confut.)  explodes  all  this,  and  saith  he  took  three  grains  only 
upon  Matthiolus  and  some  other  commendation;  but  it  almost 
killed  him;  whereupon  he  concludes,  *an^f"mo7^J/  isratherapoy- 
son  then  a  medicine.      Th.  Erastus  concurres  with  him  in  his 


»  In  lib.  5.  Dioscor.  cap.  :i.     Omnibus  opitulatur  morbis,  quos  atra  bilis  excitavit, 
comitialibns,  iisqae  prfesertim  qui  hypochondriacas  obtiuet  passiones.  ^  An- 

dreas Gallus,  Tridentinus  mcdicus,  saluteni  huic  niedicamento  post  Deuin  debet. 
« Integrae  sanitati  brevi  restitutus ;  id  quod  aliis  accidisse  scio,  qui  hoc  mirabiii 
niedicamento  usi  sunt.  ''Qui  nielancholicus  factus  plane  desipiebat, 

niuitaque  stulte  loquebatnr,  huic  exhibitum  1'2  gr.  stibium,  quod  pauUo  post  atram 
bilem  ex  alvo  eduxit  (ut  ejjo  vidi,  qui  voratus  tan«juani  ad  niiraculuni  adCui, 
testari  possum,)  et  ramenta  t;inquam  carnis  clissecta'  in  partes:  totum  excremtntum 
tanqnam  sangninem  nigerrimum  repraesentabat.  ^  Antimouium  venenuin,  non 

medicamentiim. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]         Puryhuj  Simples.  109 

opinion,  and  so  doth  iElian  Montaltus,  cap.  30.  de  melan. 
But  what  do  1  talk?  'tis  the  subject  of  whole  books  :  I  mii^ht 
cite  a  centuary  of  authors  pro  and  con.  I  will  conclude  with 
^  Zuino-er,  antimony  is  like  Scanderbeg-s  sword,  which  is  either 
Sfood  or  bad,  strong-  or  weak,  as  the  party  is  that  prescribes  or 
useth  it ;  a  wortJuf  medicine,  if  it  he  rif/htli/  applied  to  a  strong 
man,  othencise  poyson.  For  the  preparing  of  it,  look  in  Euo- 
nymi  thesaurus,  Quercetan,  Oswaldus  Crollius,  Basil.  Chim. 
Basil.  Valentius,  &c. 

Tobacco,  divine,  rare,  siiperexcellent  tobacco,  which  goes  far 
beyond  all  their  panaceas,  potable  gold,  and  philosophers 
stones,  a  soveraign  remedy  to  all  diseases.  A  good  vomit, 
I  confesse,  a  vertuous  herb,  if  it  be  well  qualified,  opportunely 
taken,  and  medicinally  used ;  but,  as  it  is  commonly  abused 
by  most  men,  which  take  it  as  tinkers  do  ale,  'tis  a  plague, 
a  mischief,  a  violent  purger  of  goods,  lands,  health,  hellish, 
divelish  and  damned  tobacco,  the  mine  and  overthrow  of 
body  and  soul. 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Simples  purging  Melancholy  dowmcard. 

i  OLYPODIE  and  epithyme  are,  without  all  exceptions, 
gentle  purgers  of  melancholy,  Dioscorides  will  have  them  void 
ilegra;  but  Brassivola,  out  of  his  experience,  averreth  that  they 
purge  this  humour ;  they  are  used  in  decoction,  infusion,  &c. 
simple,  mixt,  &c. 

3Iirabolanes,  all  five  kinds,  are  happily  '^  prescribed  against 
melancholy  and  quartan  agues,  Brassivola  speaks  out^o/'a 
thousand  experiences  ;  he  gave  them  in  pills,  decoction,  &c. 
look  for  peculiar  receipts  in  him. 

Stoechas,  fumitory,  dodder,  herb  ^Mercury,  roots  of  capers, 
genista  or  broom,  pennyroyall,  and  half  boiled  cabbage,  I 
finde  in  this  catalogue  of  purgers  of  black  choler,  origan, 
fetherfew,  ammoniack  <!  salt,  salt-peter.  But  these  are  very 
gentle,  alypus,  dragon  root,  centaury,  ditany,  colutea,  which 
Fuchsius  {cap.  168)  and  others  take  for  sene,  but  most  distin- 
guish. Sene  is  in  the  middle  of  violent  and  gentle  purgers 
downward,  hot  in  the  second  degree,  dry  in  the  first.  Brassivola 


aCratonis    ep.  sect,  vel  ad   Monaviam    ep.       In   utramque    partem    dignissimum 
medicamentum,  si  recte  utentur,  secus  venenum.  ''Mosrores  fagant ; 

utilissime  dantiis  melancholicis  et  quaternariis.  ■=  Millies  horuin  vires  expertus 

sura.  'i  Sal  nitnini,  sal  ammoniacnm,  dracontii  radix,  dictamnatn. 


110  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [VmX.  2.  Sec.  4. 

calls  it  *rt  wnnderfull  herb  (ifjai/mt  melancholij  ;  it  gcoicres  the 
hlood,  ll/itfhtriis  t  he  spirits,  sha/ces  off' sorroir  ;  a  most  profitable 
vwdicine,  as  ^Do(lon?eiis  teriiis  it,  invented  l)y  the  Aral)ian.s, 
and  not  heard  of  before.  It  is  taken  diverse  waves,  in  powder, 
infnsion,  but  most  coinnioidy  in  the  infusion,  wiih  q-inoer  or 
soniecordiall  flowres added  tocorrectit.  iVctuniiiis  commends 
it  sod  in  broth,  with  an  old  cook,  or  in  whey,  wliich  is  the  com- 
mon conveyer  of  all  such  fhint>s  as  puroo  bhiok  choler  ;  or 
steeped  in  wine,  which  lleurnius  accounts  snllicicnt,  without 
any  farther  correction. 

Alol's  by  most  is  said  to  purge clioler;  but  Aurc!ianus(//7>.2. 
c.  6.  de  morb.  chron.)  Arculanus  {cap.  6.  in  9  lihasis),  Julius 
Alexandrinus  (consil.  1H5),  Scoltz.  Crato  (ronsiL  189),  pre- 
scribe itto  this  disease,  asoood  forthestomack  and  to  open  the 
htemrods,  out  of  Mesne,  Rhasis,  Serapio,  Avicenna.  3Ienar- 
dus  {pp.  lib.  1.  epist.  1)  opposeth  it :  aloes  "do/h  Nat  open  the 
veins,  or  move  the  hsemrods;  which  Leonartus  Fiichsius  (/>«• 
rado.v.  lib.  I.  likewise  affirmes ;  but  Brassivola  and  Dodonaeus 
defend  ^lesue  out  of  their  experience  ;  let  '^  Valesius  end  the 
controversie. 

Lapis  Armenus  and  lazuli  are  much  magniiied  by  'Alex- 
ander (fib.  1.  cap.  16),  Avicenna,  Actius,  and  Actuarius,  if 
they  be  well  washed,  that  the  water  be  no  more  coloured,  fiftie 
times  some  say.  ^  That  r/ood  Alexander  (saith  Guianerius)  put 
such  confidence  in  this  one  medicine^  that  he  thoiKjht  all  we- 
lancholjf  passions  niiffht  be  cured  by  it ;  and  /,  for  my  party 
have  oftentimes  happily  used  it^  and  was  never  deceived  in  the 
operation  of  it.  The  like  may  be  said  of  lapis  lazuli,  though 
it  be  somewhat  weaker  than  the  other.  Garcias  ab  Ilorto  {hist, 
lib.  I.  rap.  ()5)  relates,  that  the  f' physicians  of  the  Moores  fa- 
miliarly prescribe  it  to  all  melancholy  passions;  and  Matthio- 
lus  {ep.  lib.  3)  ''brags  of  that  happy  successe  which  he  still 
had  in  the  administration  of  it.  Nicholas  Meripsa  puts  it 
amongst  the  best  remedies  (sect.  1.  cap.  V2.inAnlidotis); 
•  and  if  this  icill  not  serve,  (saith  Rhasis)  then  there  remaines 
nothiny  but  Lapis  Armemis,  and  hellebor  it  self.  Valescus 
and  Jason   Pratensis  much  commend  pulvis  hali,  which  is 


a  Calet'ordine  secnndo,  siccat  primo ;  adversos  omnia  vitia  atrx  Ijili:<  ^  iilet ;  sang^iinem 
miindat,  spiritus  illiistrat,  mcerorein  disrutit  herba  inirifica.  "jCap.  4.  lib.  2. 

c  Recentiortd  ne^ant  ora  venarum  respcare.  'An  aloe  aperiat  ora  venanim.  lib.  9. 

cont.  3.  f  Vaporesah.ster^^t  a  vitiilibiis  partibiis.  ""Tract,  l.'i.  c.  6.     Bonus 

A  Inlander  tantain  lapide  Arnieno  confidcntiam  habnit,  nt  onines  nielaiicholicas  passiones 
ab  eo  curari  posse  crederet ;  et  ego  inde  sa^pissinie  nsus  sum,  et  in  ejus  exhibitione 
nun'iuani  fraudatus  fui.  K  Mauronini  medici  hoc  lapide  pleriimque  purgant 

mplanciioliam,  &:c.  ''  Quo  efjo  sa-pe  feliciler  usiis  sum,  et  inaRno  cum  auxilio. 

'Si  non  hoc,  nihil  restat  nisi  helleboru?,  et  lapi.s  Aruieniis.     Consil.  Ib4.  Scoitzii. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]         Compound  Purgers.  lit 

made  of  it.  James  Damascen.  (2.  cap.  12)  Hercules  de  Saxo- 
nia,  &c.  speake  well  of  it.  Crato  will  not  approve  this;  it,  and 
both  hellebors,  he  saith,  are  no  better  then  poyson.  Victor 
Trincavelius  {Uh.  2.  cap.  l^)  fouatl  it,  in  his  experience,  ^to  he 
very  noijsome,  to  trouble  the  stomack,  and  hurt  their  bodies 
that  take  it  overmuch. 

Black  hellebor,  that  most  renowned  plant,  and  famous 
purger  of  melancholy,  which  all  antiquity  so  much  used  and 
adnTired,  was  first  found  out  by  Melanpodius  a  shepherd,  (as 
Pliny  records,  Uh.  25.  cap.  5)  ''who,  seeing  it  to  purge  his 
goats  when  they  raved,  practised  it  upon  Elige  and  Calene, 
kino-  Proetus  daughters,  that  ruled  in  Arcadia,  neer  the  foun- 
tain'Clitorius,  and  restored  them  to  their  former  health.  In 
Hippocrates  time,  it  was  in  only  request,  insomuch  that  he 
writ  a  book  of  it,  a  fragment  of  which  remains  yet.  Theo- 
phrastus,  <=Galen,  Pliny, Coelius  Aurelianus,as  ancient  as  Galen, 
lib.  1.  cap.  G)  Aretceus  {lib.  1.  cap.  5)  Oribasius  {lib.  7.  col- 
lect.) a  famous  Greek,  Aetius  {ser.  3.  cap.  112.  et  113) 
P.  .^gineta,  Galens  ape,  (/J6.  7-  cr//j.  4)  Actuarius,  Trallianus 
{Uh.5cap.  15),  Cornelius  Celsus  only  remaining  of  the  old  La- 
tines  {lib.S.cap.  23)  extolland  admire  thisexcellent  plant;  and 
it  was  generally  so  much  esteemed  of  the  ancients  for  this  disease 
amongst  the  rest,  that  they  sent  all  such  as  were  crazed,  or  that 
doted,  to  the  Anticyree,  or  to  Phocis  in  Achaia,  to  be  purged, 
where  this  plant  was  in  abundance  to  be  had.  In  Straboes  time 
it  was  an  ordinary  voyage:  JS'aviget  Anticgras  ;  a  common  pro- 
verb among  the  Greeks  and  Latines,  to  bid  a  disard  or  a  mad 
man  go  take  hellebor;  as,  in  Lucian,  Menippus  to  Tantalus, 
Tantale,  desipis  ;  hellehoro  epoto  tibi  opus  est,  eoque  sane  me- 
raco :  thou  art  out  of  thy  little  wit,  O  Tantalus,  and  must  needs 
drink  hellebor.  and  that  without  mixture.  Aristophanes  {in  ves- 
pis),  drink  hellebor,  &c.  and  Harpax,  in  the  ^Comoedian,  told 
Simo  and  Ballio,  two  doting  fellows,  that  they  had  need  to  be 
purged  with  this  plant.  When  that  proud  Menecraies  o  Ziv<;  had 
writ  an  arrogant  letter  toPhi.of  Macedon,  he  sent  backno  other 
answer  but  this,  Consnlo  tibi  lit  ad  Anticyram  te  con/eras, 
noting  thereby  that  he  was  crazed,  atque  hellehoro  indigere^ 
had  much  need  of  a  good  purge.  Lilius  Giraldus  saith,  that 
Hercides,  after  all  his  mad  pranks  upon  his  wife  and  children, 
was  perfectly  cured  by  a  purge  of  hellebor,  which  an  Anticy- 
rian  administered  unto  him.  They  that  were  sound  com- 
monly took  it  to  quicken  their  wits,  (as  Ennius  of  old,  ^Qui  non 
nisi  potus  ad  arma — prosiluit  dicenda,  and  as  our  poets  drink 

a  Malta  corpora  ridi  gravissime  hinc  agitati,  et  stomacho  tnultum  obfuisse.         ^  Cam 
vidisset  ab  eo  curari  capras  furentes,  &;c.  c  Lib.  6.  simpl.  med.  dPseudolo, 

act.  4,  seen,  nit.   Hellebore  hisce  hominibus  op«s  est.  eHor. 


112  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

sack  (o  improve  their  inventions)  :  I  find  it  so  rcg^istered  by 
Aiiflliiis,  lib.  17.  cap.  15.  Carneades  tlie  acadeinick,  when  he 
■was  to  write  against  Zeno  the  stoick,  piuiied  hirnsclfe  with  hel- 
lebor  first;  which  ^Petronius  puts  upon  Chrysippus.  In  such 
esteem  it  continued  for  many  ag-es,  till  at  Icnnih  3Iesue  and 
some  other  Arabians  beg-an  to  reject  and  reprehend  it ;  upon 
-wliose  authority,  for  many  following-  lusters,  it  was  much  de- 
based and  quite  out  of  request,  held  to  be  poyson,  and  no  me- 
dicine ;  and  is  still  oppugned  to  this  day  by  ''  Crato  and  some 
junior  physicians.  Their  reasons  are,  because  Aristotle  (/.  I. 
dc  plant,  c.  3)  said,  henbane  and  hellebor  were  poyson  ;  and 
Alexander  Aphrodisiaeus,  in  the  preface  of  his  ProljJems,  gave 
out,  that  (speaking  of  hellebor)  "  Quailesfcd  on  that  which  was 
poyson  to  wen.  Galen  (1.6.  Epid.com.  5.  Text,  l^b)  confirms  as 
much:  ''Constantino  the  emperour,  in  his  Geopotiichs,  attri- 
butes no  other  vertue  to  it,  then  to  kill  mice  and  rats,  flies  and 
mouldwarps  ;  and  so  Mizaldus.  Nicander  of  old,  Gervinus, 
Sckenkius,andsome  other  neotericks  that  have  written  of  poy- 
sons,  speak  of  hellebor  in  a  chief  place.  *"  Nicholas  Leonicus 
hath  a  story  of  Solon,  that,  besieging  I  know  nol  what  city, 
steeped  hellebor  in  a  spring  of  water,  which  by  pipes  was  con- 
veyed into  the  middle  of  the  town,  and  so  either  poysoned,or 
else  made  them  so  feeble  and  weak  by  purging,  that  they  were 
not  able  to  bear  arms.  Notwithstanding-  all  these  cavils  and 
objections,  most  of  our  late  writers  do  much  aj)prove  of  it — 
'  Gariopontus,  {lib.  1.  cap.  13),  Codronchus  {corn,  de  helleb.) 
Falopius,  lih.  de  med.  purg.  simpl.  cap.  C9.  et  consil.  15. 
Trincavelii,  Montanus,  239.  Friseraelica,  consil.  14,  Hercules 
de  Saxonia,  so  that  it  be  opportunely  given.  Jacobus  de  Don- 
dis,  Af/y.  Amatus,  Lusit.  cent.  QQ.  Godef.  Stegius,  cap.  13. 
Hollerius,  and  all  our  herbalists  subscribe.  Fernelius(me?/*. 
med.  lib.  5.  cap.  IC)  confesseth  it  to  he  a  ^terrible  purge,  and 
hard  to  take,  yet  well  given  to  strong  men,  and  suck  as  have 
able  bodies.  P.  Forestus  and  Capivaccius  forbid  it  to  betaken 
in  substance,  but  allow  it  in  decoction  or  infusion,  both  which 
wayes  P.  Monavius  approves  above  all  other,  Epist.  231. 
Scoltzii.  Jacchinus  (in  9  Rhasis)  commends  a  receij)t  of  his 
own  preparing;  Penottus  another  of  his  chyniically  prepared, 
Euonymus  another.  Ilildesheim  {spicil.  '2.  de  mel.)  hath 
manyexamples  how  it  should  beused,withdiversity  of  receipts. 
Heumius  {lib.  7.  jnax.  med.  cap.   14.)   calls  it  an  ^' in7iocent 


a  In  Satyr.  ^  Crato,  consil.  16.  1. 2.     Etsi  multi  magui  viri  probent,  in  bonam 

partem  accipiant  medici,  non  probem.  <^  Vescuntur  veratro  coturnices,  quod 

homiuibus  toxicum  est.  "i  Lib.  2.3.  c.  7.  12.  14.  ^^  Dc  var.  hi.st  f  Corpus 

incolume  reddit,  et  juvenile  efllcit.  f  Veteres  non  sine  caussa  iisi  sunt.     Difiicilis 

ex  hellebore  purgatio,  et  terroris  plena,  sed  robustis  datiir  tamen,  &c.  '•  Innocens  • 

medicamentura,  modo  rite  paretur.    ■ 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Compovnd  Purffers.  W^ 

medicine,  howsoever  if  it  he  well  prepared.  The  root  of  it  is 
oueJy  in  use,  which  may  be  kept  many  yeers,  and  by  some 
o-iven  in  substance,  as  by  Falopiusand  Brassivolaanionjrst  the 
rest,  who  ^  brags  that  he  was  the  first  that  restored  it  again  to 
his  use,  and  he  tels  a  sfory  how  he  cured  one  Melatasta  a  mad 
man,  that  was  thought  to  be  possessed,  in  the  duke  of  Ferraras 
court,  with  one  purge  of  black  hellebor  in  substance  :  the  re- 
ceipt is  there  to  be  seen ;  his  excrements  were  like  inke,  ,,ho 
perfectly  healed  at  once  :  Vidus  Vidius,  a  Dutch  physician, 
M'ill  not  admit  of  it  in  substance  (to  whom  most  subscribe,) 
but,  as  before  in  the  decoction, infusion,  or,  which  is  all  in  all, 
in  the  extract,  which  he  prefers  before  the  rest,  and  calls  5?mt-p 
medicamentum,  a  sweet  medicine,  an  easie,  that  may  be  se- 
curely given  to  women, children,  and  weaklings.  Baracellus 
(Jiorto  geneali)  terms  it  viaximcc  prccstanticc  medicamentitm,  a 
medicine  of  great  worth  and  note.  Quercetan  (in  his  Spagir. 
Phar.)  and  many  others,  tell  wonders  of  the  extract.  Paracel- 
sus, above  all  therest,  is  the  greatest  admirer  of  this  plant ;  and 
especially  the  extract:  he  caWs  it  theriacnm,  terrest  re  balscimum. 
another  treacle,  a  terrestriall  bawm,  instar  omnium,  all  in  all, 
the^soleand  last  refuffe  to  cure  this  malady,  the  gout,  epilepsie, 
leprosie,  ^c  If  this  will  not  help,  no  physick  in  the  world 
can,  but  minerall  :  it  is  the  upshot  of  all.  Matthiolus  laughs 
at  those  that  except  against  it ;  and,  though  some  abhor  it  out 
of  the  authority  of  Mesne,  and  dare  not  adventure  to  pre- 
scribe it,  '^yet  I  (saitli  he)  hare  happili/  used  it  six  hundred 
times  without  o (fence,  and  communicated  it  to  divers  worthy 
physicians  who'have  given  me  great  thanks  for  it.  Look  for 
receipts,  dose,  preparation,  and  other  cautions  concerning 
this  simple,  in  him,  Brassivola,  Baracellus,  Codronchus, 
and  the  rest. 


a  Absit  jactaDtia,eso  primus  prajbere  cCEpi,  &c.  >»  In  Cathavt.      Ex  una  sola 

evacuatione  furor  cessavit,  et  quietus  inde  vixit.  Tale  exeinplum  apud  Sckenkiura  et 
apud  Scoltzium,  ep.  •231.  P.  Monavius  se  stolidum  curasse  jactat  hoc  epoto  tribas  aut 
quatuor  vicibus.  cUItiraum  refngium,  extremum  medicamentnni,  quod 

csetera  omnia  claudit :  quiecunque  caeteris  laxativis  pelli  non  possunt  ad  buac  perti- 
nent ;  si  non  huic,  nuili  cedunt.  d  Testari  possunx  me  sexcentis  hominibus  helle- 
bortim  niqrrum  exhibuisse,  incommodo,  &c. 


.  1 14  Cure  of  Melniulioly.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  4. 

SUBSECT.  III. 

Compound  Purgers. 

v/OMPOUND  medicines,  ^vhich  pur^e  melancholy,  are 
eithertaken  in  thcsuperioror  inferior  parts  :  su[)erior  at  mouth 
or  nostrils.  At  the  moiitli,  swallowed,  or  not  swallowed  :  if 
swallowed,  liquid,  or  solid  :  liquid,  as  compound  wine  of 
hellebor,  scilla  or  sea  onyon,  sena,  vhium  sciUiticnm,  hoUeho- 
ratnm,  which  ''Quercetan  so  much  applauds  /or  mplmichnly 
and  madness,  either  imcardhi  taken,  or  onticard/tf  applied  to 
the  head,  icith  little  pieces  of  linen  dipped  tcarm  in  it.  Oxy- 
mel  scilliticum,  synipus  hellehoratus  major  and  minor  in  Quer- 
cetnn,  and  syrtip^is  yenistar  for  hypochondriacall  melancholy 
in  the  same  author,  compound  syrrup  of  succory,  of  ftunilory, 
polypodie,  &c.  Ilournius  his  purging-  cockbroth.  Some  ex- 
cept ag-ainst  these  syrrups,  as  appears  by  ^Udalrinus  Leo- 
norus  his  epistle  to  Matthiolus,  as  most  pernicious,  and  that 
out  of  Hippocrates,  cocta  movere,  et  medicari,  non  cnida,  no 
raw  things  to  be  used  in  physick;  but  this  in  the  following 
epistle  is  exploded  and  soundly  confuted  by  Matthiolus; 
many  julips,  potions,  receipts,  are  composed  of  these,  as  you 
shall  finde  in  Hildesheim,  spicil.  2,  Heurnius,  lib.  2.  cap.' l^, 
George  Sckenkius,  Ital.  med.  prax.  i^-c. 

Solid  purgers  are  confections,  electuaries,  pills  by  them- 
selves, or  compound  with  others,  as  delapide  lazulo,  Jlrmeno, 
pit.  Inda:,  of' fumitory,  dye.  confection  of  Hamech,  which 
though  most  approve,  Solenander  {sec  5.  consil.  22)  bitterly 
inveighs  against ;  so  doth  Randoletius  (Pharmacop.  officina), 
Ferneb'us  and  others;  diasena,  diapolypodium,diacassia,  dia- 
catholicon,  Weckers  electuarie  de  epithymo,  Ptolomyes  hiero- 
logadium,  of  which  diverse  receipts  are  daily  made. 

Al'tius  (22,  23)  commends  hieram  rnffi.  Trincavellius  {con- 
sil 12.  />7>.  1)  approves  of //?>r«;  non,  inqiiit,  invenio  meliiis 
medicamentuju ;  I  finde  no  better  medicine,  he  saith.  Heur- 
nius adds  pil.  ayyreyat.  pills  de  epithymo.  pil.  Ind.  Mesne 
describes  in  the  Florentine  vVntitlotary,  pillulw  sine  quihu^ 
esse  nolo,  pillulcc  cochicc  cum  hellebor o,  pil.  Arabica-.faotida, 
de  f/uinque  yeneribiis  miraholanorum,  tVc  31ore  proper  to 
melancholy,  not  excluding,  in  the  mean  time,  turbith,  manna, 


•Pharmacop.  Optimam  est  ad  maniaro  et  omnes  nielnncholicos  affectns,  tnm  intra 
assumtum,  turn  extra,  secus  capiti  cum  linteolis  in  eo  madefactis  tepide  admotam. 
••Epist.  Math.  lib.  3.    Tales  syrupi  nocentissimi,  et  omnibus  modis  extirpandi. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.]         Compound  Purgcrs.  115 

rubarb,  ag-arick,  elescophe,  &c.  which  are  not  so  proper  to 
this  hiuuoiir.  For,  as  Montaltus  holds  {cap.  30),  and  Mon- 
taiius,  cholera  etiam  purganda,  quod  atrcc  sit  pabulum,  choler 
is  to  be  purged  because  it  feeds  the  other  :  and  some  are  of  an 
opinion,  as  Erasistratus  and  Asclepiades  maintained  of  old, 
against  whom  Galen  disputes,  ^that  no  physick  doth  purge 
one  humour  alone,  hut  all  alike  or  what  is  ne:rt.  Most  there- 
fore, in  their  receipts  and  mag-istrals  which  are  coined  here, 
make  a  mixture  of  sererall  simples  and  compounds,  to  purge 
all  humors  in  general!  as  well  as  this.  Some  rather  use  po- 
tions then  pills  to  purge  this  humour,  because  that,  as  Heur- 
nius  and  Crato  observe,  hie  succns  a  sicco  remedio  cegre  tra- 
hitur,  this  juyce  is  not  so  easily  drawn  by  dry  remedies;  and 
(as  Montanusadviseth,  25.  cons.)  all  ^drying  medicines  are  to 
be  repelled,  as  aloe,  hiera,  and  all  pills  whatsoever,  because 
the  disease  is  dry  of  it  self. 

I  might  here  insert  many  receipts  of  prescribed  potions, 
boles,  &c.  the  doses  of  these;  but  that  they  are  common  in 
every  good  physician,  and  that  I  am  loth  to  incurre  the  cen- 
sure of  PWestus  (lib.  3.  cap.  6.  de  minis)  '^against  those  that 
divulge  and  publish  medicines  in  their  mother  tong^ie,  andlestl 
should  give  occasion  thereby  to  some  ignorant  reader  to  prac- 
tise on  himself,  without  the  consent  of  a  good  physician. 

Such  as  are  not  swallowed,  but  only  kept  in  the  mouth,  are 
gargarisras  used  commonly  after  a  purge,  when  the  body  is 
soluble  and  loose.  Or  apophlegmatisms,  masticatories,  to  be 
held  and  chewed  in  the  mouth,  which  are  gentle,  as  hysope, 
origan,  pennyroyall,  thyme,  mustard ;  strong,  as  pellitory, 
pepper,  ginger,  &c. 

Such  as  are  taken  into  the  nostrils,  errhina,  are  liquid  or 
drie,  juyce,  of  pimpernell,  onyons,  &c.  castor,  pepper,  white 
hellebor,  &c.  To  these  you  may  add  odoraments,  perfumes, 
and  suffumigations,  &c. 

Taken  into  the  inferior  parts  are  clysters  strong  or  weak, 
suppositories  of  CastUian  soap,  hony  boiled  to  a  consistence; 
or  stronger  of  scamony,  hellebor,  &c. 

These  are  all  used,  and  prescribed  to  this  malady  upon  se- 
verall  occasions,  as  shall  be  shewed  in  his  place. 


^Purgantia  censebant  medicamenta  non  unum  hiimorera  attrahere,  sed  quemcunque 
attigerint,  in  saam  naturam  convertere.  ^  Relegantar  omnes  exsiccantes  medi- 

cinae,  ut  aloe,  hiera,  pilulae  quaecunque.  ^  Contra  eos  qui  lingua  vulgari  et  verna- 

cula  remedia  et  raedicamenta  praescribunt,  et  quibusvis  communia  facitint. 


1 IG  f'l'i'f'  of  Melanchohj.  [I*art.  ?.  Sec.  5. 


MEMB.  in. 

Chirurgicall  Remedies. 

In  letting  of  blood  three  main  circumstances  are  to  be  con- 
sidered, 'who,  how  much,  wh^'ii:  that  is,  that  it  be  done  to 
such  a  one  as  may  endure  it,  or  to  whom  it  may  belong,  that 
he  be  of  a  competent  age,  not  too  young,  nor  too  old,  over- 
weak,  fat,  or  lean,  sore  laboured,  but  to  such  as  have  need, 
are  full  of  bad  blood,  noxious  humors,  and  may  be  eased 
by  it. 

The  quantity  depends  upon  the  parties  habit  of  body,  as  he 
is  strong  or  weak,  full  or  empty,  may  spare  more  or  less. 

In  the  morning  is  the  fittest  time  :  some  doubt  whether  it  be 
best  fasting,  or  full,  whether  the  moons  motion  or  aspect  of 
planets  be  to  be  observed,  some  affirm,  some  deny,  some  grant 
in  acute,  but  not  in  chronick  diseases,  whether  before  oraf(er 
physick.  'Tis  Heurnius  aphorism,  a phlehotomida7isptr(i7idam 
esse  curationem,  nan  apharmacid  ;  you  must  begin  with  blood- 
letting, and  not  physick  ;  some  except  this  peculiar  malady. 
But  what  do  I  ?  Horatius  Augenius,  a  physician  of  Padua, 
hath  lately  writ  17  books  of  this  subject,  Jobertus,  &c. 

Particular  kindes  of  blood-letting  in  use  ''are  three:  first 
is  that  opening  a  vein  in  the  arm  with  a  sharp  knife,  or  in  the 
head,  knees,  or  any  other  parts,  as  shall  be  thought  fit. 

Cupping-glasses  with  or  without  scarification  ;  ocyssime 
compescunt,  saith  Fernelius,  they  work  presently,  and  are  ap- 
plied to  severall  parts,  to  divert  humours,  aches,  winde,  &c. 

Horse-leeches  are  much  used  in  melancholy,  applied  espe- 
cially to  the  hremrods.  Horatius  Augenius  {lib.  10.  cap.  10), 
Platerus  {de  mentis  alienat.  cap.  3),  Altomarus,Piso,  and  many 
others,  prefer  them  before  any  evacuations  in  this  kinde. 

""  Cauteries  or  searing  with  hot  irons,  combustions,  boring's, 
launcings  ;  which  because  they  are  terrible,  dropax  ^w^sfina- 
pismiis  are  invented,  by  plaisters  to  raise  blisters,  and  eating 
medicines  of  pitch,  miistard-sced,  and  the  like. 

Issues  still  to  be  kept  open,  made  as  the  former,  and  applyed 
in  and  to  severall  parts,  have  their  use  here  on  diverse  occa- 
sions, as  shall  be  shewed. 


»  Quia,  quantum,  quando.  ^  Fernelius,  lib.  2.  cap.  19.  ^  Renodeus, 

lib.  5.  cep  21.  de  his  Slercurialis,  lib.  3.  de  composit.  raed-  cap.  24.   Heamins,  lib.  1. 
prai.  med.    Wecker,  &c. 


Meiii.  1.  Subs.  I.]         Particnlur  Cure.  IIT 

SECT.  V. 
MEMB.  I.    SUBSECT.  I. 


Particular  cure  of  the  three  severall  kindes ;  of  head 
Melancholy. 

J.  HE  g-enerall  cures  thus  briefly  examined  and  discussed,  it 
remains  now  to  apply  these  medicines  to  the  three  particular 
species  or  kindes,  that,  according  to  the  severall  parts  affected, 

each  man  may  tell  in  some  sort  how  to  help  or  ease  himself.  I 
will  treat  of  head  melancholy  first,  in  which  as  in  all  other 
good  cures,  we  must  begin  with  diet,  as  a  matter  of  most 
moment,  able  oftentimes  of  itself  to  work  this  effect.  I  have 
read,  saitli  Laurentius,  cap.  8.  de  3Ielanch.  that,  in  old  dis- 
eases which  have  gotten  the  upper  hand  of  an  habit,  the 
manner  of  living  is  to  more  purpose,  then  whatsoever  can  be 
drawn  out  of  the  most  pretious  boxes  of  the  apothecaries. 
This  diet,  as  I  have  said,  is  not  only  in  choice  of  meat  and 
drink,  but  of  all  those  other  non-naturall  things.  Let  air  be 
clear  and  moist  most  part :  diet  moistning,of  goodjuyce,easie 
of  digestion,  and  not  windie:  drink  clear,  and  well  brewed, 
not  too  strong-  nor  too  small.  Make  a  melancholy  man  fat, 
as  ^Rhasis  saith  ;  and  thou  hast  finished  the  cure.  Exercise 
not  too  remisse,  nortoo  violent.  Sleep  a  little  more  then  ordi- 
nary. ''Excrements  daily  to  be  avoided  by  art  or  nature ;  and 
(which  Fernelius  enjoins  his  patient,  consil.  44),  above  the  rest, 
to  avoid  all  passions  and  perturbations  of  the  mind.  Let  him 
not  be  alone  or  idle  (in  any  kind  of  melancholy),  but  still  ac- 
companied with  such  friends  and  familiars  he  most  affects,  neatly 
dressed,  washed  and  combed,  according  to  his  ability  at  least, 
in  clean  sweet  linen,  spruce,  handsome,  decent,  and  good  ap- 
parell;  for  nothing  sooner  dejects  a  man  than  want,  squalor, 
and  nastiness,  foul,  or  old  cloaths  out  of  fashion.  Concerning 
the  medicinal  part,  he  that  wHlsatisfie  himself  at  large  (in  this 
precedent  of  diet),  and  see  all  at  once  the  whole  cure  and  man- 
ner of  it  in  every  distinct  species,  let  him  consult  with  Gor- 
donius,  Valescus,  with  Prosper  Calenus,  lib.  de  atrci  bile  ad 
Card.  CcBsium,  Laurentius,  cap.  8.  et  9-  de  mela.  ^lian  Mont- 
altus,  de  mel.  cap.  26,  27,  28,  29,  30.  Donat.  ab  Altomari, 
cap.  7.  artis  med.     Hercules  de  Saxonia,  in  Panth.  cap.  7. 

3  Cont.  lib.  1.  c.  9.  Ffstines  ad  impinfuationem  ;  et  cumimpinguantur,  reinovetar 
Eoalaia.  bBenfficium  ventris. 


1 18  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

e/  Tract,  ejus  peculiar,  de  melan.  per  BoJzetam  edit.  VeJietiis 
1()20.  cap.  17.  18.  19.  Savauaiola,  Rvh.  8*2.  Tract.  8.  cap.  I. 
Sckenkius,  in  prar.  curat.  Ital  med.  Heiirnius,  cap.  12.  de 
viorh.  Victoriiis  Faventinns,  pract.  Mar/net  Empir.  Ilil- 
deslieini,  Spicil.  2.  de  man.  et  met.  Fel.  Plater,  Stokerus, 
Briiel.  P.  Bayerus,  Forestiis,  Furlisius,  Caj)iva(ciiis,  I{ondo- 
letius,  Jason  Pratciisis,  Sallust  Salvimi.  de  re  med.  lib.  2.  cap. 
1.  Jaccliinus,  in  9.  R/iasis,  Lod.  Mercatus,  de  inter,  morh.  cur. 
lib.  1.  cap.  17.  Aicxan.  Messaria,  pract.  med.  lib.  ]  cap.  21. 
demel.  Piso.  Ilolleriiis,  &c.  that  have  culled  out  of  those  old 
Greeks,  Arabians,  Latines,  whatsoever  is  observable  or  fit  to 
be  used.  Or  let  him  read  those  counsels  and  consultations  of 
Hugo  Senensis,  consil.  13.  et  1 4.  Renerus  Solinander,  cons.  G. 
sec.  I.  et  consil. 3.  sec.  3.  Crato,  consil.  16.  lib.  1.  IVJontanus, 
20.  22.  229.  and  hisjblloicinr/  counsels,  Lcclius  a  Fonte  Eugu- 
binus,  consult.  44.  69.77.  125.  129.  142.  Fernelius,  con.nl. 
44.  45.  46.  Jul.  Caesar  Claudinus,  Mercurialis,  Frarnbe- 
sarius,  Sennertus,  &c.  wherein  he  shall  finde  particular  re- 
ceipts, the  whole  method,  preparatives,  purgers,  correctors, 
averters,  cordials,  in  great  variety  and  abundance  :  out  of 
which,  because  every  man  cannot  attent  to  read  or  peruse 
them,  I  will  collect,  for  the  benefit  of  the  reader,  some  few 
more  notable  medicines. 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Blood-lettiny. 

Jt  HLEBOTOMY  is  promiscuously  used  before  and  after 
physick,  commonly  before,and  upon  occasion  is  often  reiterated, 
if  there  be  any  need  at  least  of  it.  For  Galen  and  many 
others  make  a  doubt  at  bleeding  at  all  in  this  kind  of  heati 
melancholy.  If  the  malady  (saith  Piso,  cup.  23.  et  Altoma- 
rus,  e«/?.  7.  Fuchsias,  cap.  o'3)  ^  shall  proceed  primarily  J)om 
the  mis-affected  brain,  the  patient  in  such  case  shall  not  need 
at  all  to  bleed,  except  the  blood  otherwise  abound,  the  veins  be 
J'ull,  inflamed  blood,  and  the  party  ready  to  run  mad.  In  im- 
materiall  melancholy,  which  especially  comes  from  a  cold  dis- 
temperaturc  of  spirits,  Hercules  de  Saxoniu(ca/j.  17.)  will  not 
admit  of  phlebotomy ;  Laurentius  (cap.  9)  approves  it  out  of 
the  authority  of  the  Arabians  ;  but,  as  Mesue,  Rhasis,  Alex- 
ander appoint,  ^especially  in  the  heady  to  open  the  veins  of 

a  Si  ex  primario  cerebri  afTeitu  melancholici  evaseriiit,  sanctainis  detr.ictione  non  in- 
digent, nisi  oh  alias  caussas  sanguis  miltatnr,  si  mnltus  in  vasis,  &c.  friistra  enim  fati- 
gahir  corpus,  &c.  ''Conipetit  iis  phlebotomia  frontis. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3]     Preparatives  and  Purgers  119' 

the  fore-head,  nose,  and  ears,  is  good  They  commonly  set 
cupping-glasses  on  the  parties  shoulders,  having  first  scarified 
the  place;  they  apply  horse-leeches  on  the  head;  and  in  all 
melancholy  diseases,  whether  essential  or  accidental,  they  cause 
the  haemrods  to  be  opened,  having  the  eleventh  aphorism  of 
the  6  book  of  Hippocrates  for  their  ground  and  warrant,  which 
saith,  that,  in  melanchohj  and  mad  men,  the  varicous  tumour  or 
hcemorrhoides  appearing  doth  heal  the  same.  Valescus  pre- 
scribes blood-letting  in  all  three  kindes,  whom  SallustSalvian 
follows,  ^ if  the  blood  abound,  ichich  is  discerned  by  the  fubiess 
of  the  veins,  his  precedent  diet,  the  parties  laughter,  age,  ^-c. 
begin  with  the  medium  or  middle  vein  of  the  arm:  if  the  blood 
be  ruddy  and  clear,  stop  it ;  but  if  black  in  the  spring  time^ 
or  a  good  season,  or  thick,  let  if  run,  according  to  the  parties 
strength:  and  some  eight  or  twelve  dayes  after,  open  the  head 
vein,  and  the  veins  in  the  forehead,  or  provoke  it  out  of  the 
jiostrils,  or  with  cupping-glasses,  6^c.  Trallianus  allows  of 
this,  ^  if  there  have  been  any  suppression  or  stopping  of  blood 
at  nose,  or  hemrods,  or  tcomens  ynoneths,  then  to  open  a  vein  in 
the  head  or  about  the  ankles.  Yet  he  doth  hardly  approve  of 
this  course,  if  melancholy  be  sited  in  the  headalone,  or  inany 
other  dotage, ""  except  it  primarily  proceed  from  blood,  or  that 
the  malady  be  increased  by  it ;  for  blood-letting  refrigerates 
and  dries  up,  except  the  body  be  very  full  of  blood,  and  a  kind 
of  ruddiness  in  the  face.  Therefore  I  conclude  with  Aretaeus, 
'^before  you  let  blood,  deliberate  of  it,  and  well  consider  all 
circumstances  belonging  to  it. 


SUBSECT.  III. 

Preparatives  and  Purgers. 

After  blood-letting-,  we  must  proceed  to  other  medicines; 
first  prepare,  and  then  i^urge,  Augecv  stabulum purgare,  make 
the  body  clean,  before  we  hope  to  do  any  good.  Gualter 
Bruel  would  have  a  practitioner  begin  first  with  a  clyster  of 


a  Si  sanguis  abundet,  quod  scitur  ex  venarum  repletione,  \  ictus  ratione  praecedente, 
risu  aegri,  aetate,  et  aliis,  tundatur  mediana  ;  et  si  sanguis  apparet  ciarus  et  ruber,  sup- 
primatur  ;  aut  si  vere,  si  uiger  aut  crassus,  permittatiir  fluere  pro  viribus  aegri ;  defn 
post  8  vel  V2  diem  aperiatar  cephalica  partis  magis  aifectse,  et  vena  frontis,  aut  sanguis 
provocetur  setis  per  nares,  &c.  *>  Si  quibus  consuet*  suce  suppressjp, 

sunt  menses,  &c.  talo  secare  oportet,  aut  vena  frontis,  si  sanguis  peccet  cerebro, 
«  Nisi  ortum  ducat  a  sanguine,  ne  morbus  inde  augeatur ;  phlebotomia  refrigerat  et  ex- 
siccat,  nisi  corpus  sit  valde  sanguineum,  rubicundum.  ^  Cum  sanguinem  detra^ 

here  oportet,  deliberatione  indiget-      Aretaeus,  lib.  7.  c.  5. 


120  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

Ins,  which  he  prescribes   ])erore  blood-letting :  the  coniinon 
sorf.  as  Mercurialis,   Montaltus,   cap.    SO.    SfC.    proceed  from 
lenitives   to  ])reparative.s,   and   so  to  pinker*;.     Lenitives  arc 
Avell  kiiOAvn,  electnarium  /efiifirum,  (UaplHcnirnm,  f/iacatko/i- 
ron,  cVr.       Preparatives  are  usually  syrriips  of  borag-e,  bu<^- 
losse,  apples,  fmnitory,  thyme  and  epithyme,  wit!)   double  as 
much  of  the  same  decoction  or  distilled  water,  or  of  the  waters 
of  biiglosse.  bawm,  hops,  endive,  scolopendry,  fumitory,  &c. 
or  these  sod  in  whey,  which  must  be  reiterated  and.  used  for 
many  dayes  to<i'ether.     Purges  come  last,  vh'ich  must  not  be 
used  at  all,  ij'  the  malady  may  he  othericise  helped^    because 
they  weaken  nature,  and  dry  so  much  ;  and  in  giving  of  them, 
-'  n-e  must  hefjhi  irith  the  yentlest  first.     Some  forbid  all  hot 
medicines,  as  Alexander,   and  Salvianus,   &c.  ne  inmniores 
hide  fiant,  hot  medicines  increase  the  disease  ^by  dryiny  too 
much.      Purge  downward  rather  then    upward;  use  potions 
rather  then  pills;  and  when  you  begis:  physick,  persevere  and 
continue   in   a  course;  for,  as '^ one  observes,  movere  et  non 
educere  in  omnibus  malum  est ;  to  stir  up  the  humour  (as  one 
purge  commonly  doth)  and  not  to  prosecute,  doth  more  harm 
then  good.     Tliey  must  continue  in  a  course  of  physick,  yet 
not  so  that  they  tire  and  oppress  nature,  dandaqniesnatnra;; 
they  must  now  and   then   remit,  and  let  nature  have  some 
rest.    The  most  gentle  purges  to  begin  with,  are  '^sena,  cassia^ 
epithyme,  myrabofanes,  catholieon:  if  these   prevail  not,  we 
may  proceed  to  stronger,  as  the  confection  of  Hnmech,  pil. 
Jndce^J'umitoria\  de  Jjssaieret,  of  lapis  Armemis  and  lazuli^ 
diusena.     Or,  if  pills  be  too  dry;  "^some  prescribe  both  hel- 
lebors  in   the  last  place,  amongst  the  rest  Aretseus,  ^because 
this  disease  will  resist  a  yentle  medicine.      Laurentius  and 
Hercules  de  Saxoniu  would  have  antimony  tried  last,  iJ'  the 
^party  be  strony,  and  it  irarily  yiven      ''Tincavellius  prefers 
hieroloyodium^  to  whom  Francis  Alexander  (in  his  .^pol.  rad. 
5)  subscribes :  a   very   <«ood   medicine  they  account  it :  but 
Crato,  in  a  counsell  of  his  for  the  Duke  of  Bavarias  chancel- 
lour,  wholly  rejects  it. 

I  findea  vast  chaosof  medicines,  aconfusion  of  receipts  and 
magistrals,  amongst  writers,  appropriated  to  this  disease:  some 
of  the  chiefest  I  will  rehearse.     'To  be  sea-sick,  first,  is  very 


='A  leiiioriliiis  auspicaruliiin.      (Valesciis,  l*i.so,  Urwel)  rariiistine  niedicamentis  pur- 
giiiitibus  utendum,  ni  sit  opus.  ''Quia  corpus  exsiccant,  niorbtiiii  aiigent, 

<''Jiiianeriii.t,  Tract.  15.  c.  6.  •!  Piso.  '-  Uhasis,  Sivpe  valent  ex  lielleboro. 

f  Lib.  7 .  Exi^i.s  niedicamentis  morbus  non  obsesjuitur.  t,  ISIodo  caute  delur,  et 

robustis.  '' Consil.  10   1.1.  '  Plin.  I.^Jl.  n.  6.     Navip^ationes  ob  vomitioneni 

prosunt  pliirimir*  n)orbis  capitis,  et  oninibus  ob  quivlieileborum  bibitur.     Idem  Diosco- 
ridi's^  lib.  "S.  r;?]),  ];J.    A\iceDiia,  tt:ilin  iinpriinis. 


Mem.  1.  Sabs.  3]     Preparatives  and  Purgers.  121 

oood  at  seasonal!  times.  Hellehorismus  Matthioli,  with  which 
he  vaunts  and  boasts  he  did  so  many  severall  cures  ;  ^  I  never 
f/are  it,  (saith  he)  but,  after  once  or  ticice,  by  the  help  of  God 
theif  were  happily  cured.  The  manner  of  making  it  he  sets 
down  at  large  in  his  third  book  ofEpist.  to  George  Hankshius 
a  physician.  Gualter  Bruel  and  Heurnius  make  mention  of  it 
with  great  approbation  ;  so  doth  Skenkius,  in  his  memorable 
cures,  and  experimentall  medicines,  cen.  b.  obser.  37.  That 
famouse  helleborisme  of  Montanus,  which  he  so  often  repeats 
in  his  consultations  and  counsels  (as  2S,pro  melan.  sacerdote, 
et  consil.  148.  pro  hypocondriacoj,  and  cracks  ^  to  be  a  most 
soveraiffn  remedy  J  or  all  melancholy  persons,  tvhich  he  hath 
often  given  without  offence,  and  found  by  long  experience  and 
observation  to  he  siich. 

Quercetan  prefers  a  syrrup  of  hellebor  in  his  Spagirica 
Pharmac.  and  hellebors  extract  (cap.  5),  of  his  invention  like- 
wise, (a  most  safe  medicine,  '^  and  not  unft  to  be  given  children) 
before  all  remedies  whatsoever. 

Paracelsus,  in  his  book  of  black  hellebor,  admits  this  medi- 
cine, but  as  it  is  prepared  by  him.  '^It  is  most  certain  (saith  he) 
that  the  vertue  of  this  herb  is  great  and  admirable  in  effect, 
end  little  differing  from  balm  it  self ;  and  he  that  knows  well 
hoic  to  make  use  of  it,  hath  more  art  then  all  their  books  con- 
tain, or  all  the  doctors  in  Germany  can  shew. 

.^lianus  Montaltus,  in  his  exquisite  work  de  morb.  capitis, 
cap.  31.  de  mel.  sets  a  speciall  receipt  of  hellebor  of  his  own, 
which,  in  his  practice,  *"  he  fortunately  used:  because  it  is  but 
short  1  ivill  set  it  dozen. 

R  Syrupi  de  pomis  J  ij,  aquae  borag.  5  iiij, 

Ellebori  nigri  per  noctem  infusi  in  ligatura  6  vel  8  gr. 

Mane  facta  colatura  exhibe. 

Other  receiplsof  the  same  tothis  purpose  you  shallfindein  him. 
Valescus  admires  pulvis  Hali,  and  Jason  Pratensis  after  him: 
the  confection  of  which  our  new  London  Pharmacopoeia  hath 
lately  revived.     *  Put  case  (saith  he)  all  other  medicines  fail. 


a  Nimquam  dedimus,  qiiin  ex  una  aut  altera  assiiraptione.      Deo  juvante,  fuerint  ad 
saluteoi  restituti.         bLib.  2.     Inter  composita  piirgantia  melancholiam.  «  Longo 

experimeuto  a  se  obsf  rvatura  esse,  raelancholicos  sine  oftensa  egregie  curandos  valere. 
Idem,  responsione  ad  Aubertum,  veratrum  nigrum,  alias  timidum  et  periculosum,  vini 
spiritu  etiam  et  oleo  commodum  sic  usui  redditur,  ut  etiani  pueris  tuto  adniinistrari 
possit.  <•  Certiim  est,  hujus  herbas  virtutem  maximam  et  mirabilem  esse,  parum- 

qne  distare  a  balsamo.  Et  qui  norit  eo  recte  iiti,  plus  habet  artis  quam  toto  scriben- 
tium  cohors  aut  omnes  doctores  in  Germania.  eQuo  feliciter  usus  sum.  'Hoc 

[wsito  quod  ali;E  niedicinap-  non  \aleant,  ista  tunc,  Dei  misericordia,  valebif ;  et  est  me- 
'iiclna  eoronata,  qua:  secretissime  tencafur. 


122  Cure  of  Me/ancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

bif  the  help  of  God  this  alone  shall  do  it;  and  'tis  a  crowned 
medicine^  which  must  be  kept  in  secret. 

R  Epilhymi  semunc.  lapidis  lazuli,  aerarici,  ana  5  ij, 
Scammonii,  3  j,  caryophillorum  numero  20. 
Pulverizentur  omnia;   et  ipsius  pulveris  scrup.  4.  singulis  sep- 
timanis  assumat. 

To  these  I  may  adde  Arnoldi  vinum  bufflossatum,  or  borage 
wine,  before  mentioned,  which  ''Mizaldus  calls  vinum  mirabile, 
a  wonderful  wine,  and  Stockerus  vouchsafes  to  repeat  verbatim 
amongst  other  receipts;  Ilubeus  his  ''compound  water,  out  of 
Savanarola;  Pinetus  his  balm;  Cardans  pulvis  hi/acinthi,  with 
which,  in  his  book  de  curis  admirandis,  he  boasts  that  he  had 
cured  many  melancholy  persons  in  eight  dayes,  which "  Scken- 
kius  puts  amongst  his  observable  medicines;  Altomanis  his 
syrrup,  with  which  ''  he  calls  God  so  solemnly  to  witness,  he 
hath  in  his  kinde  done  many  excellent  cures,  and  which 
Sckenkius  {cent.  J.  observ.  SO)  mentioneth,  Daniel  Sennertus 
(lib.  l.part.  2.  cap.  12)  so  much  commends;  Rulandus  ad- 
mirable water  for  melancholy,  which  {cent.  2.  cap.  96)  lie 
names  spirittun  vitcs  aureum  panaceam,  w  hat  not  ?  and  his  ab- 
solute medicine  of  fifty  egges,  {curat,  empir.  cent.  1.  cur.  5.). 
to  be  taken  three  in  the  morning,  with  a  powder  of  his.  *Fa- 
ventinus  (prac.  Emper.)  doubles  this  number  of  egges,  and 
will  have  101  to  be  taken  by  three  and  three  in  like  sort, 
(which  Sallust  Salvian  approves,  de  re  med.  lib.  2.  c.  I)  with 
some  of  the  same  powder,  till  all  be  spent,  a  most  excellent 
remedy  for  al!  melancholy  and  mad-men. 

R  Epithymi,  thymi,  ana,  drachmas  duas  ;  sacchari  albi  unciam 
unam ;  croci  grana  tria  ;  cinnamomi  drachmam  unam.  Misce  :  fiat 
pulvis. 

All  these  yet  arc  nothing  to  those  "^chymical  preparatives  of 
aqua  C/te/jrfo/i/«,  quintessence  of  hellebor,  salts,  extracts,  distil- 
lations, oyles,  aurum  potabile,  dfc.  T)\  Anthony,  in  his  book 
de  auro  potab.  edit.  1600,  is  all  in  all  for  it.  ^Andthomfh  all 
the  school  of  Galenists^  with  a  wickcdand  unthankful  pride  and 


»  Lib.  de  artif.  med.  bgect.  3.  Optimum  remediiim  aqua  composita  Savanarolae. 

c  Sckeukius,  observ.  31.  ''  Douatus  ab  Altomari,  cap.  7 .     Testor  Deum,  me 

maltos  melancLolicos  hnjus  solius  sj  rupi  usu  curasse,  facta  prius  purgatione.  «  Cen- 

tam  ova  et  unnm :  qiiolibet  mane  sumant  tria  ova  sorbilia,  ciini  sequenti  pulvere  supra 
ovum  aspersa,  et  cootineant  quousque  assuniserint  centum  et  unum  ;  nianiacis  et  me- 
lancliolicis  utilissimum  remcdiiim.  fQuercetan,  cap.  4.     Phar.  Oswaldus  Crol- 

lius.  fc'Cap.  1.  Licet  tola  Galenistarum  scliola  niineralia  non  sine  impio  et  ingrato 

fastu  a  sua  practica  detestentur ;  tamen  in  gravioribus  morbis,  onini  vegetabilium  dere- 
licto  snbsidio,  ad  mineralia  confugiunt,  licet  ea  temere,  ignaviter,  etinutiliter  usurpent.  • 
Ad  finem  libri. 


Mem.  1 .  Sui)s.  4,]  Averters.  123 

scorn,  detest  it  in  their  practice^  yet,  in  more  grievous  diseases^ 
when  their  vegetals  will  do  no  good,  they  are  compelled  to  seek 
the  help  of  minerals,  though  they  use  them  rashl//,  unprojit- 
abhj,  slackhj,  and  to  no  purpose.  Rhenanus,  a  Dutch  chymist, 
in  his  book  de  Sole  eputeo  emerg'ente  tdkes  upon  him  to  apolo- 
gize for  Anthony  ;  and  sets  light  by  all  that  speak  against  him. 
But  what  do  I  meddle  with  this  great  controversie,  which  is  the 
subject  of  many  volumes  ?  let  Paracelsus,  Quercetan,  CroUius, 
and  the  brethren  of  the  rosg  crosse  defend  themselves  as  they 
may.  Crato,  Erastus,  and  the  Galenists,  oppugn  Paracelsus: 
he  brags  on  the  other  s.de,  he  did  more  famous  cures  by  this 
means,  then  all  the  Galenists  in  Europe,  and  calls  himself  a 
monarch  ;  Galen,  Hippocrates,  infants,  illiterate,  &c.  As  Thes- 
salus  of  old  railed  against  those  ancient  Asclepiadean  writers, 
^he  condemns  others,  insults,  triumphs,  overcomes  all  antiquity 
(saith  Galen,  as  ij'  he  spake  to  him)  declares  himself'  a  con- 
queroiir,  and  crowns  his  oicn  doings.  ^  One  drop  of  their  chy- 
mical  preparatives  shall  do  more  good  then  all  their  Julsome 
potions.  Erastus,  and  the  rest  of  the  Galenists,  vilifie  them  on 
the  other  side,  as  hereticks  in  physick:  '^Paracelsus  did  that  in 
phy sick,  which  Luther'  in  divinity,  A  drunken  rogue  he  was,  a 
basefelloxv,  a  magician;  he  had  the  divelfor  his  master,  divels 
his  J'amiliar  companions  ;  and  what  he  did,  was  done  by  the 
help  of  the  divel.  Thus  they  contend  and  raile,  and,  every 
nicut,  write  book  pro  and  con;  et  adhuc  sub  judice  lis  est. 
Let  them  agree  as  they  will : — I  proceed. 


SUBSECT.  IV. 

Averters. 

xVVERTERS  and  purgers  must  go  together,  as  tending  all 
to  the  same  purpose,  to  divert  thisrebellous  humour,  and  turn 
it  another  way.  In  this  range,  clysters  and  suppositories  chal- 
lenge a  chief  place,  to  draw  this  humour  from  the  brain  and 
heart,  to  the  more  ignoble  parts.  Some  would  have  them  still 
used  a  few  dayes  between,  and  those  to  be  made  with  the 
boyled  seeds  of  anise,  fennel,  and  bastard  saffron,  hops,  thyme, 
epithyme,  mallows, fumitory,  bugloss,  polypody, sene,  diasene, 
hamech,  cassia,  diacatholicon,  hierologodium,  oyl  of  violets, 
sweet  almonds,  &c.      For,  without  question,  a  clyster,  oppor- 

»  Veteres  maledictis  incessif ,  vincit,  et  contra  omnem  antiqiiitatetn  coronatur,  ipseque 
a  se  victor  declaratur.     Gal.  lib.  1.  meth.  c.  2.  b  Codronchus,  de  sale  absynthii, 

*  Idem  Paracelsus  in  medicina,  quod  Lutherus  in  theologia.  Disput.  in  eundem, 
parte  1.  Magus  ebrius,  iUiteratuSj  daemonem  praeceptorem  habnit,  daemones  femi- 
liares,  &c. 


V2A  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

tuncly  used,  cannot  choose,  in  tliis  as  most  other  inahidies,  but 
to  do  very  much  good  :  clyslcres  Hw/r/wrt^ /'sometimes  clysters 
nourish,  as  tlicy  maybe  prepared,  as  1  was  informed  not  h)ng- 
since  by  a  h^arnedlecture  of  our  naturall  philosophy  reader, 
M  hich  he  handled  by  way  of  discourse,  out  of  some  other  noted 
physicians.  Such  things  as  provoke  in-ine  most  conunend,  but 
not  sweat.  Trincavelius  {consU.  16.  cap.  ])  in  head  melan- 
choly, forbids  it.  P.Byarus  and  others  approve  frictions  of  the 
outward  parts,  and  to  bath  them  with  Avarm  >vater.  instead  of 
ordinary  frictions.  Cardan  prescribes  rubbing  with  nettles  till 
they  blister  the  skin,  which  likewise  ^  Bassardus  Visontinus 
so  much  magnifies. 

Sneezing,  masticatories,  and  nasals,  are  generally  received. 
Monta'tus,  c.  3i.  Hildesheim,  s/)?e?7.  i./b/.  136  and  138,  g-ive 
severall  receipts  of  all  three.  Hercules  de  Saxonia  relates  of 
an  emperick  in  Venice  '^  that  had  a  strony  icuter  to  purge  by 
the  mouth  and  nostrils,  which  he  still  used  in  head  melancholy, 
and  would  self  for  no  yold. 

To  open  mouthsand  hemroids  is  very  good  physick, »"  ifthey 
have  been  formerly  stopped.  Faventinus  Avould  have  them 
opened  Avith  horse  leeches:  so  would  Ilercul.  de  Sax.  Julius 
Alexandritujs  (consil.  185.  Scoltzii)  thinks  aloes  fitter:  emost 
approve  horse-leeches  in  this  case,  to  be  applied  to  the  fore- 
head, -  nostrils  and  other  places. 

Montaltus  {cap.  29,  outof  Alexander  and  others)  prescribes 
s  cuppiny-ff  lasses,  andissues  in  the  left  thigh.  Aretseus,  (lib.  7- 
cap.  5),  ''Paulus  Regolinus,  Sylvius,  will  have  them  without 
scarification,  apfjlied  to  the  shoulders  and  back,  thighs  and feet. 
'Montaltus  {cap.  34)  bids  open  an  issue  in  the  arm,  or  hinder 
part  of  the  head.  "^  Piso  injoyns  ligatures,  frictions,  suppo- 
sitories, and  cupping  glasses,  still  without  scarification,  and 
the  rest. 

Cauteries  and  hot  irons  are  to  be  used  ^  in  the  suture  of  the 
crown,  and  the  seared  or  ulcerated  place  suffered  to  run  a  good 
while.  'Tis  not  amiss  to  bore  the  skull  ivith  an  instrument,  to 
let  out  thefuliginous  vapours.  Sallust  Salvianus,  de  re  medic, 
lib.  2.  cap.  1)  "'  because  this  humour  hardly  yeelds  to  other 


a  jMaster  D.  Lapworth.  ''Ant.  Philos.  cap.  de  melan.    Frictio  vertice,  &c. 

c  A(iua  fortissinia  purgans  os,  uares,  qiiain  non  vult  aiiro  vendere.  ^  Mercurialis, 

consil.  6.  et30      Hemorrhoidum  etinensium  provocatio  juvat,  modo  ex  eorum  Huppres- 
sione  ortum  habuerit.  •^Laiirentius,  Bruel,  S^c.  ^  Y*.  Bayeriis,  I.  2.  cap.  13. 

naribus,  &c.  fc'  Cucurbitula;  sicciP.et  fontaneliii;  crure  sinistro.  '•  Hildesbeim, 

spicil.  2.     Vapores  a  cerebro  tralieiidi  sunt  Aictionibiisuniveisi,  cuciirbittdis  siccis  hu- 
meris  ac  dorso  affixis^  circa  ])edes  et  crura.  '  Fontanellam  aperi.juxta  occipilium, 

aut  brachium.  ^  Balani,  ligaturir,  frictiones,  &c.  '  Caiiterium  fiat  suture 

roronali ;  diu  fluere  permittantur  loca  ulcerosa.    Trcpano  etiam  cranii  deojita.^  imroiDui 
potf  tit,  ut  vaporibiis  ftiligincsis  pxitns  pateat.  >"  Quoniam  diflinilfer  cedif  aiiis 

medicanienli',  ideo  fiat  in  xrrtice  cauteriura,  aut  crure  binislro  infra  gtnu. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  4.]  Avei-ters.  125 

physick,  would  have  the  head  cauterized,  or  the  left  leg  helow 
the  knee,  "and  the  head  hored  in  two  or  three  places,  for  that  it 
much  availes  to  the  exhalation  of  the  vapours.  ''/  saw  (saith 
he)  a  melancholy  man  at  Rome,  that  by  no  remedies  could  be 
healed:  but  when  by  chance  he  luas  wounded  in  the  head, 
and  the  skul  broken,  he  teas  excellently  cured.  Another,  to  the 
admiration  of  the  beholders/  hreakinyhis  head  with  a  fall  from 
on  hiqh,  was  instantly  recovered  of  his  dotage.  Gordonius 
leap.  \^- part.  2)  would  have  these  cauteries  tryed  last,  when 
no  other  physick  will  serve  ;  '^the  head  to  he  shaved  and  hored 
to  let  out  fumes,  ichich  without  doubt  will  do  much  good.  I  saw 
a  melancholy  man  wounded  in  the  head  ivith  a  sword,  his  brain 
pan  broken  :  so  long  as  the  wound  teas  open  he  was  icell ;  but, 
ichen  his  wound  loas  healed,  his  dotage  returned  again.  But 
Alexander  Messari,  a  professor  in  Padua,  {lib.  1,  pract.  med. 
cap.  21.  de  melanchol.)  will  allow  no  cauteries  at  all :  'tis  too 
stifte  an  humor,  and  too  thick,  as  he  holds,  to  be  so  evapo- 
rated. 

Guianerius  (c.  8.  Tract.  15)  cured  a  noble  man  in  Savoy, 
by  boring-  alone, ""  leaving  the  hole  open  a  month  together  ;  by 
means  of  which,  after  a  two  yeers  melancholy  and  madness,  he 
was  delivered.  All  approve  of  this  remedy  in  the  suture  of  the 
crown;  but  Arculanus would  have  the  cautery  to  be  made  with 
o-old.  In  many  other  parts,  these  cauteries  are  prescribed  for 
melancholy  men,  as  in  the  thighs,  (Mercurial is,  consil.  86.) 
arms,  legs  {Idem,  consil.  6.  et  19.  et  525 ;  Montanus,  86 ;  Ro- 
dericus  a  Fonseca,  Tom.  2.  consult.  84.  pro  hypochond.  coxa 
dextrd,  ^'O.)  but  most  in  the  head,  if  other  physick  will  do  no 
good. 


a  Fiant  duo  aiit  tria  cauteria,  com  ossis  perforationc.  b  Vidi  Romae  melancho- 

licum,  qui,  adhibitis  multis  remediis,  sanari  iion  poterat ;  sed,  cum  cranium  gladio 
fractum  esset,  optime  sanatus  est.  c  Et  aiterum  vidi  melanchoiicum,  qui,  ex  alto 

cadens,  non  sine  astantium  admiratione,  liberatus  est.  JRadatur  caput,  et  fiat 

cauterium  in  capite ;  proculdubio  ista  faciunt  ad  fumorum  exhalationem ;  vidi  melan- 
choiicum  fortnna  gladio  vulneratum,  et  cranium  fractum  :  qnamdiu  vulnus  apertum, 
curatua  optime  ;  at,  cum  vulnus  sanatum,  reversa  est  mania.  «  Usque  ad  duram 

matrem  trepanari  feci,  et  per  mensem  aperta  stetit. 


VX  Cure  of  Melanchohj.  [Part. 'J.  Soc.  5. 


SUBSECT.  V. 

Alteratives  and Cord'iafs,  corrohnrntimj^  resolving  the  reliques, 
and  mending  the  Temperament. 

.OECAUSE  this  humor  is  so  malif^nc  of  itself,  and  so  hard  to 
be  removed,  fhereliqucs  areto  becleanserl,  by  alteratives,  cor- 
dials, and  such  means.  The  temper  is  to  be  altered  and  amend- 
ed, nith  such  thing's  as  fortifie  and  strenotheti  the  heart  and 
brain,  -"which  are  commonhj  both  affected  in  this  maludi/,  and 
do  nwfua//}/  misaff'ect  one  another ;  which  are  still  to  beg-iven 
every  other  day,  or  some  few  (hjyes  inserted  after  a  purg-e,  or 
like  physick,  as  occasion  serves,  and  are  of  such  force,  that 
rnany  times  they  help  alone,  and,  as  '^  Arnoldus  holds  in  his 
Aphorismes,  are  to  be  prej'erred  before  all  other  medicines,  in 
what  kind  soever. 

Amongst  this  number  of  cordials  and  alteratives  I  do  not 
find  a  more  present  remedy,  then  a  cup  of  wine  or  strong 
drink,  if  it  be  soberly  and  opportunely  used.  It  makes  a  man 
bold,  hardy,  couriig'\oiis,''whetieth  the  ?6-?V,  if  moderately  taken, 
and,  as  '^Plutarch  saith,  (Synip.  /•  qn<BSt.  12)  it  makes  those 
which  are  otherwise  dull,  to  exhale  and  evaporate  like  frank- 
incense^ or  quickens  (Xenophon  adds)  *"as  oyl  doth  fire.  ^A 
J'amons  cordial  Mat thiolus  in  Dioscoridem  calls  it,  an  excellent 
nut r intent,  to  refresh  the  hodij:  it  makes  a  good  colour,  a  fion- 
rishing  age,  helps  concoction,  fortifies  the  stomack,  takes  away 
obstructions,  provokes  urine,  drives  out  excrements,  procures 
sleep,  clears  the  blood,  expels  wind  and  cold po}/sons,attennates, 
concocts,  di.^sipates  all  thick  vapours,  and  fuliginous  humours: 
and,  that  which  is  all  in  all  to  my  purpose,  it  takes  away 
feare  and  sorrow. 

s  Curas  edaces  dissipat  Evius. 

It  glads  the  heart  of  man,  Psal.  104.  15;  hilaritatis  dulce 
seminarium.  Helenas  boule,  the  sole  nectar  of  the  Gods,  or 
that  true  nepenthes  in  ''Homer,  which  puts  away  care  and 
grief  (as  Oribasius,  5.  Collect,  cap.  7.  and  some  others  will) 

a  Cordis  ratio  semper  habenda.  quod  cerebro  compatitiir,   et  sese  invicem  officiiint. 
•>  Aphor.  38.  INledicina  tlieriacalis  pra-  cipteris  eligenda,  '  CJalen.  de  temp.  lib.  3. ' 

c.  3.     Moderate  vinnmsumptum,  aciiit  iiiRenium.  "Tardos  aliter  et  tristes  thuris 

in  inodum  exhalare  facit.  'Hilaritatem,  ut  oleum  flaminMci,  excitat  fViribus 

retinendis  cardiacura  eximium,  niitriendo  corpori  aliinentiim  optimum,  aetatem  flori- 
dam  facit,  calorem  innatnm  fbvet.  roncoctionrm  jiivat,  .stoiDachum  roborat,  excre- 
mentis  viam  parat,  nrinam  movet,  soninum  conciliat :  vi-nana,  frigidos  flatus  di  sipat, 
crassoR  humoresaffpnuat,  roqnit,  di«ruti(,  Kt.  (^Hor.  lib.  'i.  Ud.  11.  ''  Odyss.  A. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5.]  Alteratives.  127 

was  naught  else  but  a  cup  of  good  wine.  It  makes  the  mind 
of  the  king  and  of  the  fatherless  both  one,  of  the  bond  and 
freeman,  poor  and  rich  ;  it  turneth  all  his  thoughts  to  jog 
and  mirth,  makes  him  remember  no  sorrow  or  debt,  but  en- 
richeth  his  heart,  and  makes  him  speak  bg  talents,  Esdras  3. 
19,  20,  21.  It  gives  life  it  self,  spirits,  wit,  &c.  For  which 
cause  the  ancients  called  Bacchus,  Zi6er/?a^er,  a  liberando,  and 
^sacrificed  to  Bacchus  and  Pallas  still  upon  an  altar.  ^Wine, 
measurably  drunk,  and  in  time,  brings  gladness  and  chearful- 
ness  of  mind;  it  cheareth  God  and  men.  Judges,  9. 12:  IcEtitice 
Bacchus  dator :  it  makes  an  old  wife  dance,  and  such  as  are 
in  misery,  to  forget  evil,  and  be  '^  merry. 

Bacchus  et  afflictis  requiem  mortalibus  affert, 
Crura  licet  dure  compede  vincta  forent. 

Wine  makes  a  troubled  soul  to  rest, 
Though  feet  vvith  fetters  be  opprest. 

Demetrius  (in  Plutarch),  when  he  fell  into  Seleucus  hands, 
and  was  prisoner  in  Syra,  ^  spe7it  his  timetvith  dice  and  drink, 
that  he  might  so  ease  his  discontented  mind,  and  avoid  those 
continual  cogitations  of  his  present  condition  rchereivith  he 
was  tormented.  Thererefore  Solomon  (Prov.  31.  6)  bids  wine 
be  given  to  him  that  is  ready  to  ^perish,  and  to  him  that 
hath  grief  of  heart  :  let  him  drink,  that  he  forget  his  poverty, 
and  remember  his  misery  no  more.  Solicitis  animis  onus 
eximit:  it  easeth  a  burdened  soule;  nothing  speedier,  nothing 
better;  which  the  prophet  Zachary  perceived,  when  he  said, 
that  in  the  time  of  Messias,  they  of  Ephraim  should  be  glad, 
and  their  heart  should  rejoyce,  as  through  icine :  all  which 
makes  me  very  well  approve  of  that  pretty  description  of  a 
feast  in  t  Bartholomseus  Anglicus,  when  grace  was  said,  their 
hands  washed,  and  the  guests  sufficieutly  exhilarated,  with 
good  discourse,  sM^eet  musick,  dainty  fare,  exhilarationis  gra- 
tia, pocnla  iterum  atque  iterum  offer uni ur ;  as  a  corollary 
to  conclude  the  feast,  and  continue  their  mirth,  a  grace 
cup  came  in  to  cheer  their  hearts,  and  they  drank  heah  lis 
to  one  another  a^ain  and  again :  which  (as  J.  Fredericus  Ma- 
tenesius,  Crii-  Christ  lib.  2.  cap.  5,  6,  et.  7)  was  an  old 
custome  in  all  ages  in  every  commonwealth,  so  as  they  be 


aPansanias.  ^  Syracides,  31.  28.  <^  Legitur  et  prisci  Catonis  Saepe  mero 

caluisse  virtus.  ^  In  pocula  et  aleani  se  prsecipitavit,  et  iis  fere  tempos  tradluxit^ 

ut  segram  crapula  mentem  levaret,   et  conditionis  praesentis  co^itatioiies,  qiiibus  agi- 
tabatur  sobrius,  vitaret.  «  So  did  the  Athenians  of  old,  as  Siiidas  relates  ; 

and  so  do  the  Germans  at  this  day.  f  Lib.  6.  cap.  2,3.  et  24.  de  rerniti  pro- 

prietat 


128  I'ure  of  Mclanchohf.  [Part.  2.  See.  5. 

not  enforood  h'lhprc  per  rioletifiam,  but,  as  in  lliat  roval  feast 
of  *.4ssiierus  which  lasted  180  dayes,  withovf  contpu/sion 
they  drank  hif  ordpr  in  ffolden  vpsarfs,  when  and  what  thev 
Mould  themselves.  This  of  drink  is  a  most  easie  and  parable 
remedy,  a  common,  a  cheap,  still  ready  a<»^ainst  fear,  sorrow, 
and  such  troublesome  thouohts,  that  molest  the  mind  ;  as 
brimstone  with  fire,  the  sj)irits  on  a  sudden  are  enlii^htened 
by  it.  No  better  phi/sick,  (saith  ^'  Rhasis)  for  a  melancholy 
man  :  and  he  that  can  keep  cojnpany,  and  carouse,  needs  no 
other  medicines;  'tis  enouo^h.  His  country  man  Avicenna 
(31.  doct.  2.  cap.  8)  proceeds  farther  yet.  and  will  have 
him  that  is  troubled  in  minde,  or  melancholy,  not  to  drink 
only,  but  now  and  then  to  be  drunk  :  excellent  i^ood  phy- 
sicic  it  is  for  this  and  many  other  diseases.  M.agninus  {Reg. 
san.  part.  3.  c  31)  will  have  them  to  be  so  once  a  month 
at  least,  and  gives  his  reasons  for  it,  '^  because  it  scoures  the 
body  by  i-omit^  urine,  sireat,  of  all  manner  of  superfluities, 
and  keeps  it  clean.  Of  the  same  mind  is  Seneca  the  philo- 
sopher, in  his  book  dc  tranquil,  lib.  \.  c.  15:  nonnunquam^ 
vt  in  aliis  morbis,  ad  ebrietatem  usque  veniendum  :  curas 
deprimit ;  triatiticc  medetur ;  it  is  good  sometimes  to  be  drunk  : 
it  helps  sorrow,  depresseth  cares;  and  so  concludes  his  tract 
with  a  cup  of  wine  :  habes,  serene  charissime,  qua'  ad  tran- 
quillitatem  anima:  pertinet.  But  these  are  epicureal  tenents, 
tending  to  looseness  of  life,  luxury,  and  atheism,  maintained 
alone  by  some  heathens,  dissolute  Arabians,  prophane  Chris- 
tians, and  are  exploded  by  Rabbi  Moses  (Tract.  4),  Guliel. 
Placentius  (lib.  1.  cap.S),  Valescus  de  Taranta,  and  most  ac- 
curately ventilated  by  Jo.  Sylvaticus,  a  late  writer  and  phy- 
sician of  Millan,  med.  cont.  cap.  14,  where  you  shall  findethis 
tenent  copiously  confuted. 

Howsoever  you  say,  if  this  be  true,  that  wine  and  strong- 
drink  have  such  vertue  to  expell  fear  and  sorrow,  and  to  ex- 
hilarate the  minde,  ever  hereafter  lets  drink  and  be  merry. 

dProme  reconditum. 

Lyde  strenua,  Csccubum •  •  • ' 
Capaciores  afFer  hue,  puer,  scyphos, 

EtChia  vina  aut  Lesbia. 

Come,  lusty  Lyda,  fill's  a  cup  of  sack  ; 
And,  sirrah  drawer,  bigjior  pots  wo  lack. 
And  Scio  wiius  that  have  so  orood  a  smack. 


•■  TJpster.  18.  ''Tract.  I.  cont.  1.  1.     Nonest  ros  laiulabilior  eo,  vpI  ciira  molior: 

qui  melancholiciis,  iitattir  soci<»tate  hdininiini  ft  biberia  ;  et  inii  potest  sustinere  iisum 
vini,  non  indiijet  aliil  mpdicina,  qiiod  eo  sunt  oinoiti  ad  nsiim  necessaria  liiijiis  pas- 
sionis.  •"Turn  qnod  sequatiir  imlc  sudor,  vomitio,  nrina,  a  qtiibus  superiluitates  a 

r.oqwre  rcmoventiir,  et  remanet  corpni  immdum.  ■'•  Hor. 


Mem.  1.  J^iibs.  5.]       Cure  o/Head-Melanc/io/i/.  129 

I  say  with  him  in  ''A.  Geliiiis,  let  us  ma'mtam  the  vigor  of 
our  souls  with  a  moderate  cup  qfiobie,  ^  Natis  in  usum  laetitiie 
scyphis,  and  drink  to  refresh  our  minde :  if  there  be  any 
cold  sorrow   ith  it,  or   torpid  bashftlness,  lets  wash   it  all 

away^ /\'^unc  viuo  pellite  curas  :  so  saith  '^  Horace  ;  so  saitli 

Aaacreoji,  ■    ,/         :     -. 

TloXv  KpeKTaov,  y)  ^xvovrcc. 

Let's  drive  down  care  with  a  cup  of  wine:  and  so  say  I  too 
(though  1  drink  none  myself);  for  all  this  may  be  done,  so 
that  it  be  modestly,  soberly,  opportunely  used;  so  that  they 
he  not  drunk  with  wine,  wherein  is  excess;  which  our 
**  Apostle  forewarns  ;  for,  as  Chrysostome  well  comments  on 
that  place,  ad  Icstitih-m  datmn  est  vinum,  non  ad  ebrietatem; 
'lis  for  mirth  wine,  but  not  far  madness  :  and  will  you  know 
where,  wiien,  and  how  that  is  to  be  understood?  Vis  discere 
uhi  bonum  sit  vinnm  ?  Audi  quid  dicat  Scriptura;  hear  the 
Scriptures  ;  fjive  wine,  to  them  that  are  in  soitoiv,  or,  as  Paul 
bid  Timothy  drink  wine  for  his  stomack  sake,  for  concoction, 
health,  or  some  such  Iionest  occasion.  Otherwise,  as  "  Pliny 
telleth  us,  if  singular  moderation  be  not  had,  nothing  so 
pernicious  ;  "'tis  meer  vinegar,  blandus  dcemoUj  poyson  it  self. 
But  hear  a  more  fearful  1  doom,  Habac.  2.  15.  and  16.  Wo  be 
to  Mm  that  makes  his  neighbour  drunk  !  shamefull  spewing 
shall  be  upon  his  glory.  Let  not  good  fellows  triumph  there- 
fore, (saith  Matthiohis)  that  I  have  so  much  commended  wine ; 
if  it  be  immoderately  taken,  in  stead  of  making  glad,  it  con- 
founds both  body  and  soul ;  it  makes  a  giddy  head,  a 
sorrowful  heart.  And  'twas  well  said  of  the  poet  of  old,  ^Wine 
causeth  mirth  and  grief ;  ^  nothing-  so  good  for  some,  so 
bad  for  others,  especially,  as  ^  one  observes,  qui  a  caussd 
calidd  male  habent,  that  are  hot  or  inflamed.  And  so  of 
spices,  they  alone,  as  I  have  shewed,  cause  head-melancholy 
themselves ;  they  must  not  use  wine  as  an  '  ordinary  drink, 
or  in  their  diet.  But  to  determine  with  Laurentius  (c.  8. 
de  melan.),  wine  is  bad  for  mad  men,  and  such  as  are  trou- 
bled with  heat  in  their  inner  parts  or  brains;  but  to  melan- 
choly, which  is  cold  (as  most  is),  wine  soberly  used,  may  be 
very  good. 

S'Lib.  15.  2.  noct.  Att.  Vigorem  aairai  moderato  vini  usu  tiieamnr :  et  calefacfo 
simul,  refotoqae  auinio,  si  quid  in  eo  vel  frigidfe  tristitis,  vel  torpentis  verecundias 
fuerit,  diluamus.  ^Hor.  1.  1.  Od.  27.  c  Qd.  7.  lib.  1.  31.     Nam  prasstat 

ebrium  me,  quam  tnortmira,  jacere.  <^  Ephes.  5.  18.  ser.  19.  in  cap.  5. 

*  Lib.  14.  5.     Nihil  per!iiciosius  viribus,  si  modus  absit ;  venenum.  'Theocritus, 

Idyl.  13.  Vino  dari  latitiam  et  dolotem.  jRenodeus.  ^  ^lercurialis,  con- 

sil.  35.     Vinum  fi  isjidis  optimum,  et  pessimiim  ferina  melancholia.  '  Fernelius 

(consil.  44.  et  4.5)  vinum  prohibet  asFiiduum,  et  aromata. 

VOL.    II.  K 


130  CureofMelancholi).  [Parf.  2.  Soc.  5. 

I  inny  say  tlio  snnieof  the  decoction  of  china  roots,  sassafrass, 
sar.saj)nrilla,iinaiacuin.  Cliina,  saith  JManardiis,  makes  a  good 
colour  in  the  face,  takes  away  melanclioly,  and  all  infirmities 
proceeding'  from  cold  ;  even  so  sarsaparilla  provokes  sweat 
mightily;  guaiacuni  dries.  Claudinus  {roHsnft.  89-  ft  46) 
Montanus,  Capivaccius  (consult.  188.  >S'co//;r//),  make  frequent 
and  good  use  of  guaiacum  and  china,  -'so  th(it  flic  liver  be  not 
incensed,  good  for  such  as  are  cold,  as  most  melancholy  men 
are,  l)iit  by  no  means  to  be  mentioned  in  hot. 

The  Turks  have  a  drink  called  coff'a  (for  they  use  no  wine) 
so  named  of  a  berry  as  black  as  soot,  and  as  bitter,  (like  that 
black  drink  which  was  in  use  amongst  the  Lacedcemonians, 
and  perhaps  the  same)  which  thoy  sip  still  of,  and  sup  as  warm 
as  they  can  suftcr;  they  spend  much  time  in  those  coiia-houses, 
•which  arc  some  what  like  our  ale-houses  or  taverns ;  and  there 
they  sit  chatting- and  drinking-  to  drive  away  the  time,  and  to 
be  merry  together,  because  they  finde  by  experience  that  kinde 
of  drink  so  used  helpeth  digestion,  and  procureth  alacrity. 
Some  of  them  take  opium  to  this  purpose. 

Borage,  bawme,  saffron,  gold,  I  have  spoken  of;  Mont- 
altus  (c.  23)  commends  scorzonera  roots  condite.  Garcias 
ab  Horto  {plant,  hist.  lib.  ^2.  cap.  25)  makes  mention  of  an 
liearb  called  datura,  ^  which,  if  it  be  eaten,  for  24  hours 
folloiviufj,  takes  atcay  all  sense  of  rjrief,  makes  them  incline  to 
laufjhter  and  mirth  :  and  another  called  baug-e,  like  in  eflfect 
to  opium,  tchich  puts  them  for  a  time  ifito  a  kinde  of  e.rtasis, 
and  makesthem  gently  to  laugh.  One  of  theRoman  emperours 
had  a  seed,  which  he  did  ordinarily  eat  to  exhilarate  himself. 
•^Christop'iorus  Ayrerus  prefers  bezoars  slone,and  the  confection 
of  alkermes,  before  other  cordials,  and  amber  in  some  cases. 
^Alkermes  comforts  the  inner  parts;  and  bczoar  stone  hath  an 
especiall  vertue  against  all  melancholy  affections;  '^  itrefresheth 
the  heart,  and  corroborates  the  whole  bodij.  '  Amber  provokes 
urine,  helps  the  body,  breaks  winde,  Sec.  After  a  purge,  3  or 
4  gr.  of  bezoar  stone,  and  3  gr.  of  amber  greece,  drunk,  or 
taken  in  borage  or  bugloss  water,  in  which  gold  hot  hath 
been  rpienched,  will  do  much  good  ;  and  the  purge  shall  dimi- 
nish less  (the  heart  so  refreshed)  of  the  strength  and  substance 
of  the  body. 

R.  confect.  Alkermes  J  ;  ss  lap.  Bezoar,  3  j. 
Succini  albi  subliliss.  pulvcrisat.  3  jj.  cum 
Syrup,  de  cort.  citri.     Fiat  elcctuaiium. 

«  Alodo  jecnr  non  inrt  ndatur.  i>  Per  24  lioras  senssiin  doloris  omnem  tollit,  et 

ridcre  facit  •'  Hildtslicim,  spicil.  2.  ''  Alkf-rmcs  omnia  vifalia  viscere  mire 

confortat.  <^Coiitra  omnes  nipiiinchnlicos  ntTectiis  confert;  ac  cerhnii  est  ipitiins 

nsu  omnes  cordis  et  corporis  vires  minim  in  modiim  r.  lici  '  Siirciimiii  \(  lu  albis- 

simnra  confortat  ventriciilum,  flatiim  disciitit,  iirinarii  mo\et,  Sec. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5.]         Cure  of  Head-Melancholy.  131 

To  bezoars  stone  most  subscribe,  Manardus,  and*  many 
others;  it  takes  aicay  sadness,  and  makes  Mm  merry  that 
useth  it :  I  have  seen  some,  that  have  been  much  diseased 
with  faintness,  sivoiming,  and  melancholy,  that,  taking  the 
iceight  oj' three  grains  of'  this  stone  in  the  water  of  oxtongne, 
have  been  cured.  Garcias  ab  Horto  brags  how  many  desperate 
cures  he  halb  done  upon  melancholy  men  by  this  alone,  when 
ai!  physicians  had  forsaken  them.  But  alkerraes  many  except 
Hcainst;  in  some  cases  it  may  help  if  it  be  good,  and  of  the 
best,  suc]i  :is  that  of  Montpelier  in  France,  which  '' Jodocns 
Sincerus (/t'fw^rrtr?o  Galli(e)^oi\\i\c\\  magnifies, and  would  have 
no  traveller  omit  to  see  it  made.  But  it  is  not  so  generall  a 
medicine  as  the  other.  Fernelius  {consil.  49)  suspects  alker- 
mes,  by  reason  of  its  heat ;  "^  nothing  (saith  he)  sooner  exas- 
perates this  disease,  then  the  vse  ojliot  working  meats  and  medi- 
cines, and  would  hare  than  for  that  cause  warily  taken.  T  con- 
clude therefore  of  this  and  all  other  medicines,  as  Thucydides 
of  the  plague  at  Athens  :  no  remedy  could  be  prescribed  for 
it ;  nam  quod  uni  profiit,  hoc  aliis  erat  exitio :  there  is  no 
catholike  medicine  to  be  had :  that  which  helps  one  is  per- 
nicious to  anotJier. 

Diamargaritumfrigidnm^  diambra,  diaboraginatum,  elec- 
tuarium  Icefificans  Galeni  et  Rhasis,  de  gemmis,  dianthos,  dia- 
moschum  dtilce  et  amarum,  electuarium  conciliator  is,  syrup, 
cidoniorumdepomis,  conserves  of  roses,  violets,  fumitory,  enu  la 
campana,  satyrion,  limmons,  orange-pills  condite,  «&c.  have 
their  good  use. 

<^  R.  Dianioschi  dulcis  et  amari,  ana,  5  ij. 
Diabuglossati,  diaboraginati,  sacchari  violacei, 
ana,  Jj.     Misce  cum  syrupo  de  pomis. 

Every  physician  is  full  of  such  receipts :  one  oidy  I  will  add 
for  the  rareness  of  it,  which  [  finde  recorded  by  many  learned 
authors,  as  an  approved  medicine  against  dotage,  head-melan- 
choly, and  such  diseases  of  the  brain.     Take  a  ^rams  head, 


a  Garcias  ab  Horto,  aromatum,  lib.  1.  cap.  15.  Adversus  omnes  morbos  melan- 
cholicos  conducit,  et  venenum.  Ego  (inquit)  utor  in  morbis  mclancholicis,  &c.  et 
deploratos  hujus  iisu  ad  pristinani  sanitateiu  restitui.  See  more  in  Baubinus  book  de 
lap.  bezoar.  c.  45.  h  Edit.  1617.     Monspelii  electuarium  fit 

pretiosissiinum  alLerm,  &c.  ''■  Nihil  morbum  hunc  aque  eiasperat,  ac  ali- 

mentorum  '.yel  niedicamentorum  calidionim  usus.|  Alkermes  idee  suspectus:  et  quod 
serael  moneam,  caute  adhibenda  calida  raedicamenta.  d  Sckenkius,  I.  1. 

Observat.  de  Mania  ;  ad  mentis  alienationem,  et  desipientiam  vitio  cerebri  obortam, 
in  manuscripto  codice  Germanico,  tale  medicanientum  reperi.  *=  Caput  arietis 

nondum  expert!  venerem,  uno  ictu  atnpntatum,  coraibus  tantum  deraotis,  inte- 
grum cum  lana  et  pelle  bene  elixabis  ;  tnin  aperto  cerebrum  eximes,  et  addens 
aroniata,  &c. 

iv2 


1t32  Cure  of  Melanchulij.  [l^ut.  2.  Sec.  5. 

that  never  meddled  with  an  owe,  cut  off"  at  a  blow,  and  the 
horns  oidy  taken  away  ;  boylit  well,  skin  and  wooll  together: 
after  it  is  well  sod,  take  out  the  brains,  and  put  these  spices  to 
it,  cinnamone,  ginger,  nutmeg,  mace,  cloves,  (ma  ^  ss;  mingle 
the  powder  oltluse  spices  with  it,  and  heat  them  in  a  platter 
upon  a  chaling-dish  of  coals  together,  stirring  thcni  well,  that 
they  do  not  burn;  take  heed  it  be  not  overmuch  dried,  or  dryer 
then  a  calves  brains  ready  to  be  eaten.  Keep  it  so  prepared; 
and  for  three  daies  give  it  the  patient  fasting,  so  that  he  fast 
two  liours  after  it.  It  may  be  eaten  with  bread,  in  an  Q2^^^  or 
broatJj,  or  any  way,  so  it  be  taken.  For  14  daies  let  him  use 
this  diet,  drink  no  wine,  &c.  Gesner  (hist.  anhnaJ.  lib.  1. 
;;«//.  9  IT),  Caricterius  (pract.  cap.  13.  in  Nich.  de  metri 
pap.  I '^9.  lalro :  Witenberg.  edit.  Tuhimf.pag.  62)  mention 
this  medicine,  though  with  some  variation  :  he  that  list  may 
try  it,  ="  and  many  such. 

Odoraments  to  smell  to,  of  rose  water,  violet  flowers, 
bawme,  rosecakes,  vineger,  &c.  do  much  recreate  the  brains 
and  spirits:  according-  to  Solomon,  (Pror.  27.  d),thei/  rejotfce 
the  heart,  and,  as  some  say,  nourish  :  'tis  a  que';tion  com- 
monly controverted  in  our  scliools,a«  odoresnntriant :  let  Fi- 
cinus  {lib.  2.  cap.  IS)  decide  it:  ^niany  arguments  he  brings 
to  prove  it;  as  of  Democritus,  that  lived  by  the  sinel  of  bread 
alone,  applyed  to  his  nostrils,  for  some  few  daies,  when  for 
old  age  he  could  eat  no  meat.  Ferrerins  [lib.  2.  meth.)  speaks 
of  an  excellent  confection  of  his  making-,  of  wine,  saffron,  &c. 
which  he  prescribed  to  dull,  weak,  feeble,  and  dying  men  to 
smell  to,  and  by  it  to  have  done  very  much  good  :  ccquefere 
prc^'uifine  o-facfu  et  polu.,  as  if  he  had  given  them  drink. 
Our  noble  and  learned  lord  <^  Veriilam,  in  his  book  de  vita  et 
morfe,  conmiends  therefore  all  such  cold  smells  as  any  way 
serve  to  refrigerate  the  spirits.  iMontanns  {ccnisii  31)  pre- 
scribes a  form,  which  he  would  have  his  melancholy  patient 
never  to  have  out  of  his  hands.  If  you  will  have  them 
spagirically  prepared,  look  in  Oswaldus  Crollius,  basil.  Chy- 
mica. 

Irrigations  of  the  head  shaven,  "^of  the  flowers  of  water  lil- 
/ies,  lettuce^  violets,  camomile,  wild  mallows,  tcethers  heady 
6cc.  must  be  used  many  mornings  together.  Montan.  {con- 
sil.  31)  would  liave  the  head  so  wasiied  once  a  Meek.  Laelius 
a  fonte  Eugubinus,  consult.  44,  for  an  Italian  Count  troubled 
with  head  melancholy,  rei)eafs  many  medicines  which  he  tried, 


>  Ciuis  testndinis  ustiis,  et  vjdo  potti?,  nielancholiani  cunit ;  et  rasijra  cornn  rhino- 
cerotis,  &;c.    Sckenkias.  "  Inslat  in  niatrice,  (|uod  siirsiiin  et  deorsuui  ad  odoris 

sensutn  praecipitatnr.  '  Viscount  S.  AlSans.  >i  Ex  decortofloruni  nyinphicae, 

lactarae,  violariiin,  chamomila;,  altliwip.  r.ai)iti>:ivervt  (  ii;ii.  Ike. 


I 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5.]        Cure  of  Head-Melanchoh).  133 

""hut  two  alone  which  did  the  cure;  use  of  wheij  made  oj' 
goats  milk,  with  the  extract  of  hellebor,  and  irric/aiions  of 
the  head  with  water- lillies,  lettuce,  violets,  camomile,  S^-c.  upon 
the  suture  of  the  croicn.  •'Piso  commends  a  rams  lungs  ap- 
plied hot  to  the  fore  part  of  the  head,  or  a  young  Iamb  divided 
in  the  back,  exenterated,  &c.  All  acknowledge  the  chief  cure 
to  consist  in  moistening-  throughout.  Some,  saith  Laurentius, 
use  pov,ders  and  caps  to  the  brain :  but,  forasmuch  as  such 
aromafical  tilings  are  hot  and  dry,  they  must  be  sparingly 
administered. 

Unto  the  heart  we  may  do  well  to  apply  bags,  epitbemes, 
oyntsnents,  of  which  Laurentius  (c.  9.  ds  melan.)  gives  ex- 
amples. Bruel  prescribes  an  epitheme  for  the  iieart,  of  bug- 
loss,  borage,  water-lilly,  violet  waters,  sweet  wine,  bawme 
leaves,  nutmegs,  cloves,  &c. 

For  the  belly,  make  a  fomentation  of  oyle,  "^in  which  the 
seeds  of  ciminin,  rue,  carrets,  dill,  have  been  boj/led. 

Baths  are  of  wonderful!  great  force  in  this  malady,  much 
admired  by  '^  Galen,  ^  Aetius,  Rhasis,  &c.  of  sweet  water,  in 
which  is  boyled  the  leaves  of  mallows,  roses,  violets,  Avater- 
iillies,wethershead, flowers  of  bugloss,  camomile,  melilot,  &c. 
Guianer.  {cap.  8.  tract.  15)  would  have  them  used  twice  a  day, 
and  when  they  came  forth  of  the  baths,  their  back  bones  to  be 
anointed  with  oyle  of  almonds,  violets,  nymphasa,  fresh  capon 
grease,  &c. 

Amulets  and  thing's  to  be  born  about,  I  finde  prescribed, 
taxed  by  some,  approved  by  Renodeus,  Platerus,  {amuleta, 
iriquit,  non  ner/ligenda)  and  others;  look  for  them  in  Mizaldus, 
Porta,  Albertus,  &c.  Bassardus  Visontinus  («w?.  ;;/«7os.)  com- 
mends hypericon,  or  S*.  Johns  wort  gathered  on  a  'Friday,  in 
the  hour  of  Jupiter,  ichen  it  comes  fo  his  effectual  operation 
(that  is  about  the  full  moon  in  Jnlii)  :  so  gathered  and  born, 
or  hung  about  the  neck,  it  mightihj  helps  this  affection,  and 
drives  aivay  allphantasticall  spirits.  "  Philes,  a  Greek  author 
that  flourished  in  the  time  of  Michael  Palseologus,  writes  that 
a  sheep  or  kids  skin,  whom  a  wolf  worried, 

'■  Hosdus  inhumani  raptiis  ab  ore  lupi, 

••  Inter  auxilia  mtiUa  adhibita,  duo  visa  sunt  remedium  adferre,  usus  seri  capiiai 
cum  extracto  hellebori,  et  irrigatio  ex  lacte  nymphasas,  violarum,  &c.  sutura;  coroiiali 
adhibita  ;  his  remediis  sanitatem  pristinara  adeptus  est  >'  Confert  et  pulmo  arie- 

tis,  calidus  agnns  per  dorsum  divisus,  exenteratns,  adniolus  sincipiti.  cSemina 

cumini,  rutaj,  dauci,  anethi  cocta.  d  Lib.  3.  de  locis  affect.  tTetrab.  "i. 

sen  1.  cap.  10.  'Cap.  de  mel.  collecto  die  Vener.  hora  Jovis,  cum  ad  ecergiam 

venit.  c.  1.  ad  plenilunium  Julii ;  inde  gesta  et  coUo  appensa  hunc  affectum  apprime 
juvat,  et  fanaticos  spiritus  expellit.  -  s  L.  de  proprietat.  animal.  Ovis  a  hipo  cor- 
reptas  pellera  non  esse  pro  induraento  corporis  usurpaudam ;  cordis  enim  palpitationem 
excitat,  &c.  ^  Mart. 


134  Cure  of  Melauchohj.  [Part.  ?.  Sec.  5. 

ouijlit  not  at  all  to  be  worn  about  man,  iccrtWici/  finiscth  palpi - 
/fit  ion  of  (he  hcdit,  not  for  any  fear,  but  a  socrrt  vertue  which 
anuilcts  have.  A  rino-,  made  of  the  hoofo  of" an  asses  ri«ht 
tore-foot,  carried  about,  &c.  I  say  with  "IJcnodeus,  they  are  not 
altogether  to  be  rejected.  Piony  doth  cure  epilepsie;  pretious 
isfones  most  diseases  ;  ''a  wolfs  dunu",  born  with  one,  helps  the 
colick  ;  "^a  spider  an  ague,  &c.  Beinu'  in  the  country  in  the 
vacation  time  not  many  years  since,  at  Lindly  in  Lecestershire, 
my  fathers  house,  I  first  observed  this  amulet  of  a  spider  in  a 
nut-shell  lapped  in  silke,  &c.  so  applied  for  an  f'^-uo  by  ''my 
mother:  whom  although  I  knew  to  have  excellent  skill  in 
chirurgery,  sore  eyes,  aches,  &c.  and  such  experimental!  medi- 
cines, as  all  the  country  where  she  dwelt  can  witness,  to  have 
done  many  famous  and  good  cures  upon  divers  poor  folks,  that 
were  otherwise  destitute  of  help — yet,  among  all  other  experi- 
ments, this,  methought,  was  most  absurd  and  ridiculous;  I 
could  see  no  warrant  for  it.  Qnidaranececumfchre'/  For  what 
antipathy  ?  till  at  length,  rand)ling amongst  authors  (as  often  I 
do),  I  found  this  very  medicine  in  Dioscorides,  approved  by 
Matthiolus,  repeated  by  Aldrovandus,  cap.  (If  Arancd,  lib.  de 
insectis.  1  begin  to  have  a  better  opinion  of  it,  and  to  give 
more  credit  to  amulets,  when  I  saw  it  in  some  parties  answer  to 
experience.  Such  medicines  are  to  be  exploded,  that  consistof 
words,  characters,  spells,  and  charms,  which  can  do  no  g;ood 
at  all,  but  out  of  a  strong"  conceipt,  as  I^omponatus  proves  :  or 
the  divels  policy,  who  is  the  first  founder  and  teacher  of  them. 


SUBSECT.  VI. 

Correctors  of  Occidents  to  procure  Sleep.     A(jainstfearfnll 
Dr earns,  Redness,  ^c. 

▼  T  IIEN  you  have  used  all  good  means  and  helps  of  altera- 
tives,  averters,  diminutives,  yet  there  will  be  sJill  certain  acci- 
dents to  be  corrected  and  amended,  as  waking,  fcarfull  dreams, 
flushing-  in  the  face  to  some,  to  some  ruddiness,  &c. 

Waking  by  reason  of  their  continuall  cares,  fears,  sorrows, 
dry  brains,  is  a  symptome  thai  nmch  cruciiies  melancholy 
men,  and  must  therefore  be  speedily  helped,  and  sleep  by  all 
means  procured  j  which  sometimes  is  a  sufficient  *■  remedy  of  if 


»Pliar.  lib.  1.  cap.  12.  i>,.\f:(i„g^  mp.  .31.    Tet.  .3.  ser.  4.  ■  nioscoride.i, 

riysses  Aldrovandus  dc  araiwa,  Ji  Mistress  Dorothy  Biirtou  :  slie  died,  1629. 

»  Solo  soinno  curata  est  citra  intdici  avixiliiim,  fol.  1.51. 


Mem.  I.  Subs.  6.]       Cure  of  Head- Melancholy.  135 

self  without  any  other  physick.  Sckenkiuj;,  in  his  ob?erva- 
tions,  hath  an  example  of  a  woman  that  was  so  cured.  .The 
means  to  procure  it  are  inward  and  outward.  Inwardly  taken, 
are  simples,  or  compounds  ;  simples,  as  poppy,  nyniphcca, 
violets,  roses,  lettuce,  mandrake,  henbane,  nightshade  or  so- 
lanum,  saffron,  hempseed,  nutmegs,  willows,  with  their  seeds, 
juyce,  decoctions,  distilled  waters,  &c.  Compounds  are  syrrups, 
or  opiats,  syrrup  of  poppy,  violets,  verbasco,  which  are  com- 
monly taken  with  distilled  waters. 

R.  diacodii  5  j  ;  diascordii  5  *«  ;  aquee  lactucee  5  iij  a*. 
Mixta  fiat  potio,  ad  horam  somni  sumenda. 

RequiesNicJiolai,  Philonium  Roinanum^,  triphera ma(jna,pilul(B 
lie  cynoglossa,  dioscordium,  laudanum  Paracehi,  opium,  are  in 
use,  &c.  Country  folks  commonly  make  a  posset  of  hemp- 
seed,  which  Fuchsius  in  his  herball  so  much  discommenfls  : 
yet  I  have  seen  the  good  effect ;  and  it  may  be  used  where 
better  medicines  are  not  lo  be  had. 

LaKdamim  Paracehi  is  prescribed  in  two  or  three  grains, 
with  adram of  f/ioscorc?m?H, which  Oswald.  CroUi us  commends. 
Opium  it  self  is  most  part  used  outwardly,  to  smell  to  in  a 
ball,  though  commonly  so  taken  by  the  Turks  to  the  same 
quantity  ^  for  a  cordiall,  and  at  Goa  in  the  Indies  ;  the  dose 
40  or  50  grains. 

Rulandus  calls  requiem  Nicholai,  ultimatum  refugium,  the 
last  refuge  ;  but  of  this  and  the  rest,  look  for  peculiar  receipts 
in  Victorius  Faventinus,  cap.  de  phrenesi ;  Heurnius,  cap.  de 
Mania;  Hildesheim,  spicil.i.  desomnoet vigil,  ^c.  Outwardly 
used,  as  oyl  of  nutmegs  by  extraction  or  expression,  with  rose- 
water  to  anoint  the  temples,  oyls  of  poppy,  nenuphar,  man- 
drake, purslan,  violets,  all  to  the  same  purpose. 

Montan.  (coiisil.  24  ^-  25)  much  commends  odoraments 
of  opium,  vinegar,  and  rosewafer.  Laurentius  (cap.  9)  pre- 
scribes pomanders  and  nodules;  see  the  receipts  in  him ;  Co- 
dronchus,  ''wormwood  to  smell  to. 

Unguentum  Alahastritum,  populeum,  are  used  to  anoint  the 
temples,  nostrils ;  or,  if  they  be  too  weak,  they  mix  saffron  and 
opium.  Take  a  grain  or  two  of  opium,  and  dissolve  it  with 
three  or  four  drops  of  rosewater  in  a  spoon,  and  after  mingle 
with  it  as  much  unguentum  populeum  as  a  nut:  use  it  as  before: 
or  else  take  half  a  dram  of  opium  iinguentum  populeum,  oyl  of 
nenuphar,  rose-water,  rose- vineg-ar,  of  each  half  an  ounce,  with 


a  Bclionius,  observat.  I.  3.  c.  15.     Lassitiidinem  ef  labores  aniuii  tol'iiiit ;  intle  Oar- 
Mas  ab  HortOj  lib.  1.  cap.  4.  simp,  ined .  h  Absynthinin  soiiinos  ailirit  olfactti. 


136  Cure  of  Melancholy.         [Part. 'i.  Sec.  5. 

as  much  virgin  wax  as  a  nut;  annointyour  temples  with  some 
of  if,  ad  ho  ram  si  mini 

Sacks  of  worniwoodi'*  mandrake,  ^henhano,  roses,  made 
like  pillows  and  laid  under  the  patients  head,  are  mentioned 
hy  'Cardan  and  i\Ii/aldus:  ,'o  anno'uit  tha  soles  of  the  feet  loith 
the  fat  of  a  dormmise,  the  teeth  tcith  eare-icux  of' a  dog,swines 
(/all^  hare  ears  rchiirms^  ^c. 

Frontlets  are  well  known  fo  every  good  wife,  rose-water  and 
viiieger,  with  a  little  v/omans  milk,  and  nutmegs  grated  upon 
a  rose-cake,  applied  to  both  temples. 

For  an  emplaster,  take  of  castorium  a  dram  and  a  half,  of 
opium  half  a  scruple,  mixt  hot!)  together  with  a  little  wntcrof 
life  :  make  two  small  plasters  thereof,  and  apply  them  to  the 
temples. 

Rulandus  (cent.  1.  cur.  17.  cent.  3.  cur.  9-1)  prescribes  epi- 
themes  and  lotions  of  the  head,  with  the  decoction  of  flowers 
of  nympha^a,  violet  leaves,  mandrake  roots,  henbane,  M'liite 
poppy.  Here,  de  Saxonia,  stil/icidia,  or  dropj)ings,  &c.  Lo- 
tions of  the  feet  do  much  avail  of  the  said  herbs:  by  these 
means,  saith  Laurentius,  I  think  you  may  procure  sleep  to 
the  most  melancholy  man  in  the  Avorld.  Some  use  horse- 
leeches behinde  the  ears,  and  apply  opium  to  the  place. 

'^  Bayerus  (lib.  2.  c.  13)  sets  down  some  remedies  ag-ainst 
fearfull  dreams,  and  such  as  Avalk  and  talk  in  their  sleep. 
Baptista  Porta,  (Mar/,  nnt.  I.  2.  c.  (i)  to  jrrocure  pleasant 
dreams  and  quiet  rest,  would  have  you  take  hippoglossa,  or 
the  hearb  horsetongue,  bawme,  to  use  them  or  their  distilled 
waters  after  supper,  &c.  Such  men  must  not  eat  beans,  pease, 
garlick,  onions,  cabbid^-e,  venison,  hare,  use  black  Avines ; 
or  any  meat  hard  of  digestion  at  supper,  or  lye  on  their 
backs,  &c. 

Rusticus  jmdor y  bashfulness,  flushing  in  the  face,  high  co- 
lour, ruddiness,  are  common  grievances,  m  hicii  much  torture 
many  melancholy  men  :  M'hen  they  meet  ;i  man,  or  come  in 
'comfiany  of  their  betters,  strangers,  after  a  meal,  or  if  jthey 
drink  a  cup  of  wine  or  strong-  drink,  they  are  as  red  and  fleet, 
and  sweat,  as  if  they  had  been  at  a  maiors  i'vust,  protserthn  si 
metus  accesserit,  it  exceeds;  'they  think  every  man  observes, 
takes  notice  of  it :  and  fear  alone  \\\\{  effect  it,  suspicion  with- 
out any  other  cause.  Sckenkius  (ohserv.  vied.  lib.  1)  speaks  of 
a  waiting  gentlewoman  in  the  duke  of  Savoyes  court,  that  was 


""Read  Lemnins,  lib.  her.  bib.  cap.  2.  of  mandrake.  •>  Ihoscyanins  sub  rervf- 

cali  viridis.  «  Plantain  pedis  inunpere  pinpnedine  pliris  diciint  efficacissinium, 

et  quod  vix  credi  potest,   dentes  inunctos  ex  sorditie  anrium  ranis  soninuin  profundum 
conciliare,  &c.     Cardan,  de  reruin  varietat.  '^  Veni  inerum  lib.  f  Ant  si 

quid  incantius  exciderit,  ant,  8..C.  f  Nam,  qua  parte  pmor,  simul  est  pador 

«ddihis  illi.     .^atius. 


Mem.  1.  Sub«.  ().]      Cure  of  Head-Melancholy.  137 

so  much  offended  with  it,  that  she  kneeled  down  to  him,  and 
offered  Biarus,  a  physician,  all  that  she  had,  to  be  cured  of 
it.  And  'tis  most  true  that  ^Antony  Lodovicus  sailh  in  his 
book  de  Pudore,  Bashfiihiess  either  hurts  or  helps;  such  men 
I  am  sure  it  hurts.  If  it  proceed  from  suspicion  or  fear, 
''Felix  Plater  prescribes  no  other  remedy  but  to  reject  and 
contemn  it :  id  populns  curat  scilicet  !  as  a  ^worthy  physician 
in  our  town  said  to  a  friend  of  mine  in  like  case,  complaining- 
without  a  cause,  suppose  one  look  red,  Avhat  matter  is  it  ? 
make  light  of  it ;  who  observes  it? 

If  it  trouble  at  or  after  meals,  (as  '^  Jobertus  observes,  med, 
pract.  I.  1.  c.  7)  after  a  little  exercise  or  stirring,  (for  many 
are  then  hot  and  red  in  the  face,  or  if  they  do  nothing  at  all, 
especially  women)  he  would  have  them  let  blood  in  both  arms, 
first  one,  then  another,  two  or  three  dales  between,  if  blood 
abound,  to  use  frictions  of  the  other  parts,  feet  especially,  and 
washing  of  them,  because  of  that  consent  which  is  betwixt 
the  head  and  the  feet;  '^and  withall  to  refrigerate  the  face,  by 
washing  it  often  with  rose,  violet,  nenuphar,  lettuce,  lovage 
Maters,  and  the  like  :  but  the  best  of  all  is  that  lac  virrji- 
iiale,  or  strained  liquor  oflitargy.  It  is  diversely  prepared; 
by  Jobertusthus;  R  lithar.  argent,  unc :  j.  cerussce  candidis' 
simce  5  jjj.  caphnrcB  3jj.  Bissolvantur  aqnarum  solani,  lac- 
tucce,  et  nenv.pharis,  ana ,  vnc.  jjj .  aceti  vini  albi.  unc.  jj .  A li- 
qttot  haras  resideat ;  deinde  transmittatur  per  philt.  Aqua 
servetur  in  vase  vitreo,  ac  ed  bis  tervej'acies  quotidie  irroretur. 
'Quercetan  {spagir.  phar.  cap.  6)  commends  the  water  of 
frogs  spawn  for  ruddiness  in  the  face.  §Crato  (consil.  283 
Scoltzii)  would  fain  have  them  use,  all  summer,  the  condite 
flowers  of  succory,  strawberry  water,  roses  (cupping-glasses 
are  good  for  the  time,  consil.  285.  et  'i^Q)  and  to  defecate  im- 
pure blood  M'ith  the  infusion  of  sene,  savory,  bawme  water. 
•"Hollerius  knew  one  cured  alone  with  the  use  of  succory 
boyled,  and  drunk  for  five  months,  every  morning  in  the 
summer. 

'It  is  good  overnight  to  annoint  the  face  with  hares  blood, 
and  in  the  morning  to  wash  it  Avith  strawberry  and  cowslip 
water,  the  juyce  of  distil'd  lemons,  juyce  of  cowcumbers, 


3  Olysipponensis  medicus  ;  pudor  aut  juvat  aut  Ifedit.  bDe  mentis  alienat. 

c  M.  Doctor  Ashworth.  d  Facies  nonnullis  maxime  calet  rubetqiie  si  se  paulu 

lum  exercuerint ;  nonnullis  quiescentibus  idem  acciditj    femiuis   praesertim;  caiissa 
quidquid  fervidum  aut  halituosum  sanguinem  facit.  '^Interim  faciei  pro- 

spiciendum,  ut  ipsa  refrigeretur  ;  utrumque  prasstabit  frequens  potio  ex  aqua  rosarum, 
violarum,  nenupharis,  &c.  f  Ad  faciei  ruborem  aqua  spermatis  ranarum. 

KRecte  utantiu-  in  aestate  floribus  cichorii  saccbaro  conditis,  vel  saccharo  rosaceo,  &c. 
''Solousu  decocti  cichorii.  "Utile  imprimis  noctu  faciem  illinire  sanguine 

leporino,  et  mane  aqua  fragorum,  vel  aqua  floribus  verbasci  cum  succo  limonum  distil- 
late abluere. 


138  Cure  of  Melancholi/.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

or  to  use  tlic  seeds  of  melons,  or  kernels  of  peaches  beaten 
small,  or  the  roots  of  aron,  and  niixt  with  wlicat  bran  to  bake 
it  in  an  oven,  and  to  crumble  it  in  strawbury  water,  'or  to  put 
fresh  cheese  curds  to  a  red  face. 

If  it  trouble  them  at  meal  times  that  flushing-,  as  oft  it  doth, 
with  sweating-  or  the  like,  they  must  avoid  all  violent  passions 
and  actions,  as  laughino-,  &c.  strong'  drink,  and  drink  very 
little, —  ''one  draught,  saith  Crato,  and  that  about  the  midst 
of  their  meal ;  avoid  at  all  times  indurate  salt,  and  especially 
spice  atul  windy  meat. 

^  Crato  prescribes  the  condite  fruit  of  wild  rose,  to  a  noble- 
man his  patient,  to  be  taken  before  dinner  or  suj)per,  to  ihe 
(juantity  of  a  chesnut.  It  is  made  of  sugar,  as  that  of  quinces. 
The  decoction  of  the  roots  ofsowthistle  before  meat,  by  the 
same  author,  is  much  approved.  To  eat  of  a  baked  apple 
some  advise,  or  of  a  preserved  quince,  comminseed  prepared 
with  meat  instead  of  salt,  to  keep  down  fumes :  not  to  study 
or  to  be  intentive  after  meals. 

R.  Nuclerum  persic.  seminis  melonum,  ana,  unc.  9  ss 
aquse  fragorum  1.  jj.     Misce  :  utatur  mane. 

''To  apply  cupping  glasses  to  the  shoulders  is  very  good. 
For  the  other  kinde  of  ruddiness  Avhich  is  settled  in  the  face 
with  pimples,  &c.  because  it  pertains  not  to  my  subject,  I  will 
not  meddle  with  it.  I  refer  you  to  Cratos  Counsels,  Arnoldus 
(lib.  1.  breviar.  cap.  39.  l),Kulande,  Peter  Forestus  (rZe/^/co, 
lib.  31.  observ.  2)  to  Ploterus,  Mercurialis,  Ulmus,  Rando- 
letius,  Heurnius,  Menadous,  and  others,  that  have  written 
largely  of  it. 

Those  other  grievances  and  symptomes  of  headach,  palpita- 
tion of  the  heart,  vertir/o,  deU(jimnn,  S^-c.  which  trouble  many 
melancholy  men,  because  they  are  copiously  handled  apart  in 
every  physician,  I  do  voluntarily  omit. 


"Utile  rubenti  faciei  caseiim  recentem  iniponere.  l^Consil.  21.  lib.  Unico 

villi  haiistn  sit  contentus.  -Idem,  consil.  28.'}.  Scoltzii.     Laiidatiir  conditus  rosas 

canina;  fnictus  ante  prandiiim  etccenam  ad  niagnitudiuem  castaneu-.     Decoetiiin  radi- 
cum  sonchi,  si  ante  cibum  sumatur,  valet  pliirimuni.  »'  Cucurbit,  ad  scapulas 

appositac. 


I 


Mem.  2.J  Cure  of  Melancholy.  139 


ME3IB.  IT. 

Cure  of  Melanclioly  over  all  the  Body. 

7  T  HERE  the  melancholy  blood  possesscth  the  whole  body 
with  the  brain,  ''it  is  best  to  begin  with  blood-letting-.  The 
Greeks  prescribe  the  ""median  or  middle  vein  to  be  opened,  and 
soniuch  blood  to  be  taken  avv'ay,  as  the  patient  may  well  spare; 
and  the  cut  that  is  made  must  be  v.'i;ie  enougri.  The  Arabians 
liold  it  fittest  to  be  taken  from  that  arm,  on  which  side  there 
is  more  pain  and  heaviness  in  the  head;  if  black  blood  issue 
forth,  bleed  on  ;  if  it  be  clear  and  good,  let  it  be  instantly  sup- 
pressed,'^iecf^fse  the  malice  of  melancholy  is  much  corrected 
by  the  goodness  of  the  blood.  If  the  parties  strength  will  not 
admit  much  evacuation  in  this  kinde  at  once,  it  must  be  as- 
sayed again  and  again:  if  it  may  not  be  conveniently  taken 
from  the  arm,  it  must  be  taken  from  t!ie  knees  and  ancles, 
especially  to  such  men  or  women  whose  hsemroils  or  mouths 
have  been  stopped.  ''If  the  malady  continue,  it  is  not  amiss 
to  evacuate  in  a  part  in  the  fore-head,  and  to  virgins  in  the 
ancles,  which  are  melancholy  for  love-matters  ;  so  to  widows 
that  are  much  grieved  and  troubled  with  sorrow  and  cares  : 
for  bad  blood  flows  in  the  heart,  and  so  crucifies  the  minde. 
The  hsemrods  are  to  be  opened  with  an  instrument  or  horse- 
leeches, &c.  See  more  in  Montaltus,  cf/;j.  29.  •'Sckenkius 
hath  an  example  of  one  that  was  cured  by  an  accidental! 
wound  in  his  thigh:  much bleedingfreedhim from  melancholy. 
Diet,  diminutives,  alteratives,  cordials,  correctors,  as  before, 
intermixt  as  occasion  serves;  '«//  their  study  must  be  to  make 
a  melancholy  man  fat;  and  then  the  cure  is  ended.  Diuretica, 
or  medicines  to  procure  urine,  are  prescribed  by  some  in  this 
kinde,  hot  and  cold  :  hot,  where  the  heat  of  the  liver  doth  not 
forbid ;  cold,  where  the  heat  of  the  liver  is  very  great. 
-  Amongst  hot  are  parsely  roots,  lovage,  fennel,  &c.  cold, 
raelonseeds,  &c.  with  whey  of  goats  milk,  which  is  the  com- 
mon conveigher. 

To  purge  and  purify  the  blood,  use  sowthistle,  succory, 
sena,   endive,  carduus  benedictus,    dandelion,  hop  maiden- 

aPiso.  bMediana  prse  cseteris.  ^Succi  melancholici  nialitia  a  sanguinis 

bonitate  corrigitur.  dPerseverante  malo,  ex  quacunque  parte  sanguis  detrnhi  debet. 
eObservaL  fol.  154.    Curatus  ex  \iilnere  incrure  ob  cruoreni  omissum.  f  Stadium 

sit  omne  ut  nielancholicns  impinguetur  :  ex  quo  enim  plngues  et  carnosi,  illico  sani 
sunt.  g  Hildesheim,  spicil.  2.    Inter  calida  radix  petroselini,  apii,  foeniculi; 

inter  frigida  emulsio  seminis  melonum  cnm  sero  caprino,  quod  est  commune  vehicu- 
lum. 


140  Cure  of  Melancholi/.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

hair,  fiimatory,  buoloss,  l)ora«re,  kc.  with  iJicir  jnyco,  decoc- 
tions distilled  waters.  syrruj)s,  &c. 

Osnaitlus  Crollius  (hnstil.  C/nfm.)  much  adiiiiressalt  of  corals 
in  this  case;  and  Aetiiis  {trtnthih.  ser.  2.  rnp.  114)  InCrain 
Archigenis,  Mliich  is  an  excellent  medicine  to  purify  the 
Mood  :  for  all  vwlunchohi  affect  ions,  J  a//h:rf  sickness,  none  to 
be  compared  to  it. 

MEMB.  III.     SUBSECT.  I. 

Cure  of  JTypochondriacall  Melanchoh). 

J_N  this  cure,  as  in  the  rest,  is  especially  required  the  rectifica- 
tion of  those  six  noii-naturall  things  above  all,  as  c>ood  diet, 
which  3Iontaiuis  (consil.  27)  enjoyns  a  French  nobleman,  "to 
have  an  especial/  care  of  if,  n-ithout  frhirh  all  other  remedies 
are  in  vain.  Blood-letting-  is  not  to  be  used,  except  the 
patients  body  be  very  full  of  blood,  and  that  it  be  derived  from 
the  liver  and  spleen  to  the  stomack  and  his  vessels,  then,  ''to 
draw  it  back,  to  cut  the  inner  vein  of  either  arm,  some  say  the 
salvatella ;  and  if  the  malady  be  continuate,  '^to  open  a  vein 
in  the  forehead. 

Preparatives  and  alteratives  may  be  used  as  before,  saving 
that  there  must  be  respect  had  as  well  to  the  liver,  spleen,  sto- 
mack, hypochondries,  as  to  the  heart  and  brain.  To  comfort 
the  jStomack,  and  inner  parts  against  winde  and  obstructions, 
by  Aretaus,  Galen,  Aetius,  Aurelianus,  &c.  and  many  later 
writers,  are  still  prescribed  the  decoctions  of  wormwood,  cen- 
taury, pennyroyall,  betony  sod  in  whey,  and  daily  drunk: 
many  hare  been  cured  by  this  medicine  alone. 

Prosper  Alpinus,  and  some  others,  as  niuch  magnifie  the 
water  of  Nilus  against  this  malady,  an  especiall  good  remedy 
for  windie  melancholy.  For  which  reason,  belike,  Ptolomaeus 
Philadelphus,  when  he  married  his  daughter  Berenice  to  the 
King  of  Assyria,  (as  Celsus,  lib.  2.  records)  ma<jnis  impensis 
J^ili  aqnam  afferrijussit,  to  his  great  charge  caused  the  water 
of  Nilus  to  be  carried  with  her,and  gave  command,  that,  during- 
her  life,  .she  should  use  no  other  drink.  1  finde  those  that 
commend  use  of  apples,  in  splenetick  and  this  kinde  of  melan- 
choly, (land)SMool  some  call  it)  which,  howsoever  apj>roved, 
must  certainly  be  corrected  of  cold  rawness  and  winde. 

Codronchus  (in  his  book  rfesa/eaftsm.)  magnifies  the  oyl  and 

»  Hoc  unnm  prsemoneo,  clomine,  lit  sis  diligens  circa  victiitn  ;  sine  quo  ca?tera  re- 
media  fnistra  adhibentur.  ^  Laurentius,  cap.  ].^.  Evulsionis  gratia,  veniiin  inter- 
nam,  altt-riiis  hrachii  secamns.  <"  Si  pcrtinax  inorhiis,  venain  fronto  secnbis.  Brnrll. 
'J  Ego  jnaiimam  cumra  stomachodelegabo.  Octa.    Horatianus,  lib.  2.  c.  5.  ^ 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  1.]   Cure  of  Hypochondriacall  Melancholy.  141 

salt  of  wormwood  above  all  other  remedies,  ^ivhich  works 
better  and  speedier  then  any  simple  whatsoever,  and  much  to 
be  preferred  before  nil  those  fulsome  decoctions  and  infusions, 
which  must  offend  by  reason  of  their  quantity.  This  alone,  in 
a  small  measure  taken,  erpels  winde,  and  that  most  forcibly, 
moves  iirine,  cleanseth  the  stomach  of  all  gross  humours,  cru- 
dities, helps,  appetite,  c^  c.  Arnoldus  hath  a  wormwood  wine 
Avhicli  he  would  have  iised,which  every  pharmacopoeia  speaks  of. 

Diminutives  and  purgersmay  ^be taken  as  before,  of  hiera, 
manna,  cassia,  which  Montanus  (consil.  230.  for  an  Italian 
abbot)  in  this  kind  prefers  before  all  other  simples  :  ^  and 
these  must  be  often  used,  still  abstaining  from  those  ivhich  are 
more  violent,  lest  they  do  exasperate  the  stomach,  ^-c.  and  the 
mischief  by  that  means  be  increased;  though  in  some  phy- 
sicians, I  finde  very  strong-  purgers,  hellebor  it  self,  prescribed 
in  this  atfection.  If  it  long-  continue,  vomits  may  be  taken 
after  meat,  or  otherwise  gently  procured  with  warm  water, 
oxymel,  &c.  now  and  then.  Fuchsius  (cap.  33)  prescribes  hel- 
lebor; but  still  take  heed  in  this  malady,  which  I  have  often 
warned,ofhot medicines, '^iecaw^e  (as  Salvianus  adds)  drought 
folloics  heat,  ivhich  increaseth  the  disease :  and  yet  Baptista 
Sylvaticus  {controv.  32)  forbids  cold  medicines,  ''because  they 
increase  obstructions,  and  other  bad  symptomes.  But  this  varies 
as  the  parties  do;  and  'tis  not  easieto  determine  which  to  use. 
^The  stomach  most  part  in  this  infirmity  is  cold,  the  liver  hot  ; 
scarce  therefore  (which  Montanus  insinuates,  consil.  229,  for 
the  earl  of  xMonfort)  can  you  help  the  one,  and  not  hurt  the 
other:  much  discretion  must  be  used  ;  take  no  physickat  all, 
he  concludes,  withoutgreatneed.  Laelius  Eugubinus,  consil. 
77  for  an  hypochondriacall  German  prince,  used  many  medi- 
cines: but  it  ivas  after  signified  to  him  in  ^  letters,  that  the  de- 
coction of  china  and  sassafras,  and  salt  of  sassafras,  wrought 
him  an  incredible  good.  In  his  108.  consult,  he  used  as 
happily  the  same  remedies.  This,  to  a  third,  might  have  been 
poison,  liyoverlieating- his  liver  and  blood. 

For  the  other  parts,  look  for  remedies  in  Savanarola,  Gor- 


aCitius  et  efficaciiis  siias  vires  exercet,  quam  solent  decocfa  ac  diluta  in  qnantitate 
multa,  et  magna  cnm  assumentium  molestia,  desunipta.  Flatns  hie  sal  efficaciter  dis- 
sipat,  uricam  movet,  hnmores  crassos  abstergit,  stomachum  egregie  conf'ortat,  criidi- 
tatem,  nanseam,  appetentiam  miruni  in  modum  renovat,  &c.  ^Piso  Altomarus. 

Lanrentins,  c.  15.  <^  His  utendura  saepius  interatis  ;  a  veliementioribiis  semper 

abstinendnni,  ne  ventrem  exasperent.  <iLib.  2.  cap.  1.     Quoniam  caliditate 

conjnncta  est  siccitas,  qiias  malum  auget.  eQuisquis  fiigidis  auxiliis  hoc 

morbo  usus  fuerit,  is  obstructionem  aliaque  symptomata  augebit.  ^ Ventriculus 

plf^rnmnne  frigidus,  hepar,  calidium;  quomodo  ergo  ventriculutn  calefaciet,  vel  refrige- 
rahit  hepar,  sine  alterius  maxirao  detrimento?  s  Significatiim  per  literas, 

incredibilem  utilitatem  ex  decocto  chinse,  et  sassafras  percepisse. 


142  CureofMelanchobj.         [Pnrf.  2.  Sec.  5. 

(lonius,  Massaria,  Mercatus,  Jolnison,  Sic.  Oiio  for  the 
s|)l(M>ii,  arnonust  many  others,  ]  will  not  omit,  cited  by  llilde- 
sliciin,  apic'd.  "2.  prescribed  by  i\Jat.  Fiaccns,  and  out  of  the 
autiiority  of  Benevenius.  Antony  Benevonins,  in  an  hypo- 
chondriacal! passion,  '^curod  ati  exccpdhuf  f/rrnf  ftwrllhif/ oj't/ie 
sjdeen,  with  copprs  afonr,  a  meat  hpfiltbiq  that  hifinnitif,  and 
frcfptent  iise  of  the  irafer  oj"  a  smiths  fhrric ;  b}]  this  phijsick 
he  helped  a  sick  man,n-hom  a// other  phijsirUtns  Juidjorsahen, 
that  for  seven  yeers  had  been  spleneiicU.  And  of  such  force 
is  this  Mater,  ^that  such  creatures  as  drinh  of  it,  hare  com- 
monhj  little  orno  spleen.  Sec  more  excellent  medicines  for 
the  spleen  in  him,  and  '  Lod.  Mercatus,  Mho  is  a  great  mag- 
nifier of  this  medicine.  This  chahfbs  pra^paratvs  or  fitoeU 
drink,  is  much  likcMise  commended  to  this  disease  by  Daniel 
Sennertus  (/.  1.  part.  2.  cop.  12),  and  a<lniired  by  J.  Casar 
Claudinus  (Respons.  29)  :  he  cals steel  the  proper ''rt/c.v//;/<a/- 
macum  of  this  malady,  and  much  maoiiiHes  it  :  look  for  re- 
ceipts in  them.  Avertersmust  be  used  to  the  liver  and  spleen, 
and  to  scoure  the  mesaraick  veins;  and  they  are  either  to 
open  or  provoke  urine.  You  can  opcr.  no  place  better  then 
the  haemrods,  which  if  by  horse-leeches  they  may  be  made  to 
fow,  *"  there  may  be  ayain  such  ait  excellent  remedy,  as  Plater 
holds.  Salust.  Salvian  M'ill  admit  no  other  phlebotomy  but 
this:  and,  by  his  experience  in  an  hospitall  Mhich  he  kept, 
be  found  all  mad  and  melancholy  men  worse  for  other  blood- 
letting-. Laurentius  (cf//>.  15)  cals  this  of  horse-leeches  a  sure 
remedy  to  empty  the  spleen  and  mesaraick  membrane  Only 
Montanus  (consil.  24 1)  is  against  it;  ^ to  other  men  (saith  lie) 
this  opcniny  of  the  hcemrods  seems  to  be  a  profitable  remedij  ; 
for  my  part,  1  do  not  approve  of  it,  because  it  draws  away  the 
thinnest  blood,  and  leaves  the  thickest  behind. 

At'tius,VidusA'idius,Mercurlalis,Fuchsius, recommend  diu- 
reticks,or  such  things  as  provokeurine,  asannisceds,  dil,  fen- 
nel, germander,  ground  pine,  sod  in  water,  or  drunk  in  pOAv- 
der;  and  yet  ^  P.  Bayerus  is  against  them;  and  so  is  Holle- 
rius:  all  melancholy  men  (saith  he)  must  avoid  such  thinys  as 
provoke  urine,  because  by  them  the  subtile  or  thinnest  is  evacu- 
ated, the  thicker  matter  remains. 


aTumoretn  splenis  incurabileni  sola  cappari  ciiravit,  cibo  <ali  segritudini  aptissimo, 
soloqiie  usu  aqua-,  in  qua  (aljer  ferrarius  sa-pe  ran'Ieus  ferriiin  exsliuxerat,  &,c. 
b  Animalia  quae  apud  ho3  fabro-s  edurantiir,  exigiios  liabt-nt  lienes  <^.Lib.  I, 

cap.  17.  •'Continuus  ejus  iisus  seiiipf-r  fL*Iiceni  in  a'gris  fint-m  est  asse- 

qiintiis.  «  Si  birniorrhoides  Uiixerint,  nti!Iiiin  pra-stantiiis  esset  remediuin, 

qua;  sanpiisups  admotis  provocari  poteriinf.  Observat.  lib.  1.  pro  h\poc.  leguleio. 
'Aliis  apertio  ha;c  in  hoc  niorbo  videtur  iililissiina ;  iiiibi  non  adniodum  probatur,  quia 
sunguinem  tentieni  attrahit,  et  crassum  relinqiiit.  t' Lib.  '2.  cap.  13.  Onines  me- 

lancliolici  debent  oinittere  iirinam  provocanlia,  quoniaiu  \n'r  fa  educitiir  subtile,  et  re- 
nianet  crassum. 


xVIem.S.  Subs.  1,]  Cureo/Hypochondriacall  Melancholy.   143 

Clysters  are  in  Qood  request.  Trincavelius  {lib.  3. consil.  38, 
for  a  young-  nobleman)  esteems  ot  them  in  the  first  place;  and 
Hercules  de  Saxouia  (Panth.  lib.l.cap.lG)  is  a  great  approver 
of  them.  "^ I  have  j'onnd  (saith  he)  hij  experience,  that  many 
hypochondriacall  melancholy  men  have  been  cured  by  thesoleuse 
oj' clysters;  receipts  are  to  be  had  in  him. 

Besides  those  fomentations,  irrigations,  inunctions,  odora- 
ments,  prescribed  for  the  head,  there  must  be  the  like  used 
for  the  liver,  spleen, stomack,  hypochondries,  &c.  ^Incrudity 
(saith  Piso)  ^tis  good  to  bind  the  stomack  hard,  to  h'lwAerwmk 
and  to  help  concoction. 

Of  inward  medicines  I  need  not  speak  :  use  the  same  cordials 
as  before.  In  this  kind  of  melancholy,  some  prescribe  treacle 
in  winter,  especially  before  or  after  purges,  ''or  in  the  spring-, 
as  Avicenna;  '^Trincavelius,  mithridate  ;  ^  Montaltus,  piony 
seeds,  unicorns  horn  ;  os  de  corde  cervi,  Sfc. 

Amongst  topicks  or  outward  medicines,  none  are  more  pre- 
tious  then  baths  :  but  of  them  I  have  spoken.  Fomentations 
to  the  hypochondries  are  very  good,  of  wine  and  water,  in 
which  are  sod  southernwood,  melilot,  epithyme,  mugMort, 
sena,  polypody,  as  also  "^^cerots,  ^plaisters,  liniments,  oynt- 
ments  for  the  spleen,  liver  and  hypochondries,  of  which  look 
for  examples  in  Laurentius,  Jobertus,  {lib.  3.  cap.  1.  pra. 
vied)  Montanus  {consil.  231),  Montaltus  {cap.  33),  Hercules 
de  Saxonia,  Faventinus.  And  so  of  epithemes,  digestive 
powders,  bags,  oils,  Octavius  Horatianus  (lib.  2.  c.  5)  pre- 
scribes caustick  cataplasms,  or  dry  purging  medicines;  Piso, 
'wlropaces  of  pitch,  and  oil  of  rue,  applied  at  certain  times  to 
the  stomack,  to  the  metaphrene,  and  part  of  the  back  Avhich 
is  over  against  the  heart ;  Aetius  sinapisms.  Montaltus  (cap. 
55)  woukl  have  the  thighs  to  be  '  cauterised ;  Mercurialis 
prescribes  beneath  the  knees  ;  Laalius  Eugubinus  {cons.  77, 
foran  hypochondriacall  Dutchman)  will  have  the  cautery  made 
in  the  right  thigh  ;  and  so  Montanus,  consil.  55.  The  same 
Montanus  (consil,  34)  approves  of  issues  in  the  arms  or  hinder 
parts  of  the  head."  Bernardus  Paternus  (in  Hildesheim, 
spicil.  2)  would  have  ^  issues  made  in  both  the  thighs:  'Lod. 
Mercatus  prescribes  them  neer the  spleen,  antjn'ope  ventriculi 


=» Ego experientia  probavi,  inultos  hypochondriachos  solo iisu  clysterum  fuisse  sanatos. 
b  In  cniditate  optimum,  ventriculura  arctius  alligari.  <^  ^  j.  theriaca;,  vere 

prssertim  et  ajstate.  '' Cons.  12.  1.  J.  e  Cap.  33.  f  Trincavelius, 

consil.  15.     Cerotum  pro  sene  melancholico  ad  jecur  optimum.  ffEmplastra  pro 

splene.     Fernel.  consil.  45.  I'  Dropax  e  pice  navali  et  oleo  rutaceo  affigatur  ven- 

triculo,  et  toti  raetaphreni.  '  Cauteria  cruiibus  inusta.  ^  Fontaufllae  sict 

iitroqiie  crure.  'Lib.  I.  c.  17, 


144  Cure  of  MelancJwhj.         [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

rcqimon,  or  in  either  of  the  thiohs.  Lii»atiires,  frictions,  and 
rnnping-li'lasses  above  or  about  tlie  belly,  withoutscarification, 
(whicli  ^  Felix  Platerus  so  much  approves)  maybe  used  as 
before. 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Correctors  to  e.rpell  icinde,  against  costwenefm,  ^-c. 

In  this  kind  of  melancholy,  one  of  the  most  offensive  symp- 
tdmes  is  winde,  which,  as  in  the  other  species,  so  in  this,  hath 
o-reat  need  to  be  corrected  and  expelled. 

The  medicines  to  expell  it  are  either  iirvardiy  taken,  or  out- 
wardlv.  Inwardly  to  expel!  winde  aresiniples  or  compounds  ; 
simples  are  herbs,  roots,  &c.  as  galangn,  oentian,  angelica, 
enula,  calamus  aromaticus,  valerean,  zoo.ioti,  iris,  condit- 
ginger,aristolochy,cicliminus, china,  diiiatsiicr,  pennyeroyall, 
rue,  calamint,  bay-berries,  and  bay-leavps,  betany,  rosemary, 
hysope,  sabine,  centaury,  mint,  camomile,  staechas,  agnus 
castus,  broom-flowres,  origan,  orang  pills,  &c.  Spices,  as 
saffron,  cinnamone,  bezoar-stone,  myvrhe,  mace,  nutmegs, 
pepper,  cloves,  ginger,  seeds  of  annis,  fennel,  amni,  cary, 
nettle,rue,&c.  Juniperbrerries,grana  paradisi : — compounds, 
dianisum,  diagalanga,  diacimiuum,  diacalaminth^  electuarivm 
de  haccis  lauri,  benedicta  laxativa,  pnlvis  ad  flatus,  antkl. 
Florent.  pulvis  carminatwus,  aromaticum  rosatnm,  treacle, 
mithrklatp^  cVc  This  one  caution  of  bGaulter  Bruell  is  to  be 
observed  in  the  administring  of  these  hot  medicines  and  dry, 
that,  whilst  they  covet  to  expell  winde,  they  do  not  inflame  the 
blood,  and  increase  the  disease.  Sometimes  (as  he  saith)  jne- 
dicines  must  more  decline  to  heat,  sometimes  more  to  cold,  as 
the  circumstances  may  require,  and  as  the  parties  are  inclined 
to  heat  or  cold. 

Outwardly  taken,  to  expell  winde,  are  oils,  as  of  camo- 
mile, rue,  baies,  &c.  fomentations  of  the  hypochondries 
with  the  decoctions  of  dill,  penny-royall,  rue,  bay-leaves, 
cummin,  Sec.  bags  of  camomile  flowres,  anniseed,  cummin, 


a  De  mentis  alienat.  c.3.  Flatns  egregif  discutitmt.niateriaincme  evocant,  b  Ca- 
vendiim  hie  diligentur  a  multum  cali'facientilms  atcnuM-xsiccanlilius..  sivealinienta  iiie- 
rint  ha!C,  sive  medicamenta :  nonnulli  eniiii,  ut  vrntositatcs  et  rui(itus  compescant,  hn- 
jusniodi  utentes  inedicainentis,  pliirimum  peccant,  morbnm  sic  aiigcntes  :  debent  enim 
medicamenta  declinare  ad  calidum  vel  frigiduni,  sucandiini  exigentiam  circnnistantia- 
rnm,  vel  at  patiens  inclinat  ad  cal.  et  frigid.  • 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  2.]  Cure  of  Hyjtochondnacall  Melaneholy.  145 

bayes,  rue,  wormwood,  ointments  of  tise  oil  of  spikenard ; 
wormwood,  rue,  &c.  ^Aretsens  prescribes  cataplasms  of  ca- 
momile flowres,  fennell,  aniseeds,  cummin,  rosemary,  Morm- 
wood-leaves,  &c. 

•'Cupping-glasses  applied  to  the  hypochondries,  without 
scarification,  do  wonderfully  resolve  winde.  Fernelius  (con- 
sil.  43)  much  approves  of  tliem  at  the  lower  end  of  the  belly  : 
'^  Lod.  Mercatus  calls  them  a  powerfull  remedy,  and  testifies 
moreover  out  of  his  own  knowledge,  how  many  he  hath  seen 
suddenly  eased  by  them.  Julius  Cffisar  Claudinus  (respons. 
med.  resp.  33)  admires  these  cupping-glasses,  which  he  calls 
(out  of  Galen)  '^a  kinde  of  enchantment,  they  cause  such 
present  help. 

Empiricks  have  a  myriade  of  medicines,  (as  to  swallow  a 
bullet  of  lead,  &c.)  which  I  voluntarily  omit.  Amatus  Lusi- 
tanus  (cent.  4.  curat.  5i),  for  an  hypochondriacal!  person 
that  was  extreamly  tormented  withwinde,  prescribes  a  strang-e 
remedy.  Put  a  pair  of  bellows  end  into  a  clyster  pipe  ;  and, 
applying  in  into  the  fundament,  open  the  bowels,  so  draw 
forth  the  winde  :  nntura  non  admiftit  vacuum.  He  vants 
that  he  was  the  first  invented  this  remedy,  and,  by  means  of 
it,  speedily  eased  a  melancholy  man.  Of  the  cure  of  this 
flatuous  melancholy,  read  more  in  Menus  de  fatibus,  cap.  26, 
et  passim  alias. 

Against  head  ach,  vertigo,  vapours,  which  ascend  forth  of 
the  stomack  to  molest  the  head,  read  Hercules  de  Saxonia, 
and  others. 

If  costiveness  offend  in  this,  or  any  other  of  the  three 
species,  it  is  to  be  corrected  with  suppositories,  clysters,  or 
lenitives,  powder  of  sene,  condite  prunes,  &c. 

R.  Elect,  lenit.  e  succo  rosar.  ana  J  j.  tnisce. 

Take  as  much  as  a  nutmeg  at  a  time,  half  an  hour  before  din- 
ner or  supper,  or  pil.  mastichin.  3J.  in  six  pills,  a  pill  or 
two  at  a  ti<ne.  See  more  in  Montan.  consil.  '229;  Hilde- 
sheim,  spicil-  2.  P.  Cnemander  and  Montanus  coinmenel 
"  Cifprian  turpoitine,  which  they  tcould  have  familiarly 
taken,  to  the  quantity  of  a  small  nut,  two  or  three  hours 
before  dinner  and  shipper,  twice  or  thrice  a  week,  if  need  be  ; 


a  Cap.  5.  lib  7.  "^  Piso.  Briiel.  Mire  flatus  resolvit.  f  Lib.  1.  c.  17. 

Nonnullos  prateusione  ventris  deploratos  illico  restitutes  liis  videmus.  <*  Velut 

incantamentum  liuoddam  ex  flatuoso  spiritu  dolorein  orhim  levant.  «Tere- 

binthum  Cypriarn  liabeant  familiarem  ;  ad  quantitatem  deglutiant  nncis  parva?,  iribus 
horis  ante  prandium  vel  ccenam^  ter  singulis  septimanis,  prout  expedire  vidcbitur  ;  nam, 
praeterquam  quod  alviim  mollem  efRcit,obstructiones  aperit,  ventriculum  purgat,  urinam 
provocat,  hepar  mundificat. 

VOL.    II.  ^ 


146  Cure  of  Melancholy.  [Part.  2.  Sec.  5. 

for,  besides  that  it  keejis  the  heUy  sobihlo,  it  clears  the  stomachy 
opens  obstructions,  cleanseth  the  liver,  provokes  urine. 

These,  in  brief,  are  the  ordinary  medicines  uliicli  belong-  to 
the  cure  of  melancholy,  which,  iftliey  be|u.sed  aright,  no  doubt 
may  do  much  good.  Si  non  levundo,  satteni  leniendo  valent 
peenliaria  bene  selecta,  saith  Bessardius  ;  a  good  choice  of  par- 
ticular receipts  must  needs  ease,  if  not  quite  cure,  not  one, 
but  all  or  most,  as  occasion  serves. 

Et,  quse  non  prosunt  singula,  multajuvant. 


ANALYSIS 


THIRD  PARTITION- 


Division 

or  kinds, 

"^Subs.  2. 


/iPreface  or  Introduction.     Subsect.  1.  •  j    i 

Loves  definition,  pedegree,  object,  fair,  amiable,  gracions  and  pleasant,  from 
which  conies  beauty,  grace,  which  all  desire  and  love,  parts  aflected. 

/Natural,  in  things  without  life,  as  love  and  hatred  of  elements; 
and  with  life,  as  vegetal,  vine  and  elm,  sympathy,  antipathy, 
&c. 
Sensible,  as  of  beasts,  for  pleasure,  preservation  of  kind,  mntual 
aereemenl,  custome,  bringing  up  together,  &c. 

C  Health,  wealth,  honour,  we  love  our 
Profitable,  j      benefactors  :  nothing  so  amiable  as 
Subs.  1.        I      profit,  or  that  which  hath  a  shew  of 
V.      commodity. 

^Things  without  life,  made  by  art,  pic  • 
tures, sports, games, sensible  objects, 
as  hauks,  hounds,  horses.  Or  men 
themselves  for  similitude  of  man- 
ners, natural  affection,  as  to  friends, 
children,  kinsmen,  &c.  for  glory 
sach  as  commend  us. 

r  Before  marriage,  as  Hero- 
Of  wo-    )    ical,  Mel.  Sect.  2.  vide^ 
men,  as  j  Or  after  marriage,  as  Jea- 
(.     lousie,  Sect.  3.  vide  y . 
Fucate  in  she  w,by  some  error  or  hypo 
crisie  ;  some  seem  and  are  not ;  or 
trnly  for  vertue,honesty,  good  parts, 
f  t.      learning,  eloquence.  Sec. 

„.xt  of  I  Common  good,  our  neighbours,  countrey,  friends, 
aifthree  )      which  is  charity  ;  the  defect  of  which  is  cause  of 
which    \      much  discontent  and  melancholy. 
In  excess,  vide  n. 
God.  Sect.  4.  \  In  defect,  vide  03. 


Simple, 
which 
hath  3 
objects, 
as  M.  1. 


Mi 


Pleasant, 
Subs.  2. 


Honest, 
Subs.  3. 


wnica  \ 
extends  1 
to  M.  3.    I  G 


l2 


148 


A>fALT.SlS    OF    THE    THlllU    PARTITION- 


Heroical 
or  Love 
Melan- 
choly, in 
which 
consider^ 


^nsible  creatures  as  welF 


Causes,    / 
HIemb.±\ 


, 


Symp- 
tomes  or 


Of  Body 


S 


Of  mind. 


4 


^  Memb.  1. 

His  pedeRfee,  power,  extent  to  vegetals  and 

as  men,  to  spirits,  devils,  &c. 
His  name,  definition,  object,  part  affected,  tyranny. 

/'    Stars,  temperature,  full  dyet,  place,  country,  clime,  condi- 
tion, idleness,  S.  1. 

Natural  allurements,  and  causes  of  love,  as  beaoty,  its  praise, 
how  it  allureth. 

Comeliness,  grace,  resulting  from  the  Mhole  or  some  parts, 
as  face,  eyes,  hair,  hands,  &c.  Suhs  2. 

Artificial  allurements,    and  provocations  of  lust  and  love, 
gestures,  apparel,  dowry,  money,  kc. 

Qutest.      Whether   beauty    owe  more  to  Art  or  Nature  ? 
Subs.  3. 

Opportirnity  of  time  and  place,  conference,  discourse,  mu- 
sick,  singins:,  dancinsr,  amorous  tales,  lascivious  objects,  fa- 
I  miliaritv,  gift."!,  promises,  8^c.  Subs.  4. 
Bawds  and  J'hiUers,  Subs.  5. 

Dryness,    palene.ss,    leanness,  waking,    sigh- 
ing, &c. 

Qnaist.    An  detur  pulsus  amatorius? 
Bad,  as    ^      Fear,  sorrow,  suspicion,  anxiety, 

I      An  hell  torment,  fire,  blindness, 
\&c. 
or        M     Dotage,  slavery,  neglect  of  busi- 
V.  ness. 

{Spruceness,    neatness,     courage, 
aptness    to   learn   musick,    singing, 
dancing,  poetry,  &c. 
Prognosticks ;  Despair,  madness,  phrensie,  death,  Ulemb.  i. 
By  labour,  diet,  physick,  abstinence.  Subs.  1. 
To  withstand  the  beginnings,  avoid  occasions,  fair  and  foul 
means,  change   of  place,   contrary  passion,  witty  inventions, 
discommend  the  former,  bring  in  anotheT,  iS«is.  2. 
Cure.s,      /      By  good  counsel,  perswasion,  from  future  miseries,  incon- 
.Mem.  5.    \  veniences,  &c.  5.  3. 
^  1      By  philters,  magical,  and  poetical  cures,  S.  4. 

To  let  them  have  their  desire  disputed  pro  and  con.      Tmpe- 
^diments  removed,  reasons  for  it.    Subs.  5. 
His  name,  definition,  extent,  power,  tyranny,  Memb.  1. 

'  To  many  beasts  :  as  swans,  cocks,  bulls. 

I  To  kings  and  princes,  of  their  subjects,  successors. 

I  To  friends,  parents,  tutors  over  their  children,  or  other- 

L      wise. 

5  Before  marriage,  corrivals,  &c. 

(  After,  as  in  this  place  our  present  subject. 

!  Idleness,  impotency  in  one   party,  melancholy,  long  ab- 
sence. 
They  have    been  naught  themselves.     Hard  usage,  nn- 
kindness,   wantonness,  inequality    of   years,   persons, 
fortunes,  &c. 
J  Outward  inticements  and  provocations  of 
«      others. 
f  Fear,  sorrow,  suspicion,  anguish  of  mind,  strange  actions,  ge«- 
<       tures,  looks,  speeches,  locking  up,  outrages,  severe  laws,  pro- 
i       digioHS  tryals,  &c. 
Prognosticks,  ^    Despair,  madness,  to  make  away  themselves, 
Memb.  3.  {       and  others. 

By  avoiding  occasions,  alwayes  husie,  never  to  be  idle. 

By  good  counsel,  advice  of  friends,  to  contemn  or  dissemble  it. 

Subs.  1. 
By  prevention  before  marriage.     Platog  communion. 
To  marry  such  as  are  equal  in  years,  birth,  fortunes,  beauty,  of  like 

conditions,  f<c. 
Of  a  good  family,  good  education.    To  use  them  well.    Suhs.2. 


Division,  i  , 

J^quivO-Zl^P'OP"' 

cations.    \         or 
kinds,  „ 

Subs.  1.   (    P'-^P^"^ 

(In  the 
parties 
them- 
selves, 
or 
From 
others. 


Synaptomes, 
Memb.  2. 


Cures, 


ANALYSIS    OF    THE    THIRD    PARTITION. 


149 


rin    ex- 
cess, of 
such 
as  do 
that 
which 
is  not 
requi- 
red, 
Memb.l. 


Causes, 
Subs.  2.    -•! 


,^ 


From  others 

Or 

'  From  them- 
.selres. 
/Gene- 
ral 


Svinptomes, 
'Subs.  3. 


In  de- 
fect, as 
^  Memb.2. 


A  proof  that  there  is  such  a  species  of  melancholy,  name,  object  God. 
what  his  beauty  is,  how  it  allureth,  part  and  parties  affected,  super- 
stitious, idolaters,  prophets,  here  ticks,  &c.  Subs.  1. 

The  devils  allurements,  false  miracles, 

priests  for  their  gain.     Politicians  to 

keep  men  in  obedience,bad instructors, 

blind  guides. 

5  Simplicity,   fear,  ignorance,  solitariness, 

'i      melancholy,curiosity,  pride,vain-glory, 

decayed  image  of  God. 
^  Zeal  without  knowledge,  obstinacy,  su- 
\      perstition,  strange  devotion,  stupidity, 
'C      confidence.stiffdefence  of  their  tenents, 
/      mutual  love  and  hate  of  other  sects,  be- 
lief  of  incredibilities,  impossibilities. 
Ofliereticks,  pride,  contumacy,  contempt 
of  others,  wilfulness,  vain-glory,   sin- 
gularity, prodigious  paradoxes. 
In  superstitious  blind  zeal,  obedience, 
strange  works,  fasting,  sacrifices,  ob- 
lations, prayers,  vows,  pseudo-martyr- 
dom, mad  and  ridiculous  customs,  ce- 
remonies, observations. 
In  pseudo-prophets,  visions,  revelatioms, 
dreams,  prophecies,  new  doctrines,  &c. 
of  Jews,  Gentiles,  Mahometans,  &c. 
New  doctrines,  paradoxes,  blasphemies, 
madness, stupidity,despair,  damnation. 

!"  By  physick  if  need  be,  conference,  good 
counsel,  perswasion,  compulsion,  cor- 
rection, punishment.       Qumritur  an 
cogidebent?    Affir. 
Epicures,   atheists.   magician.s,  hypocrites,    such   as 
have  cauterised  consciences,  or  else  are  in  a  repro- 
bate sense,  worldly-secure,  some  philosophers,  im- 
penitent sinners.  Subs.  1. 
/  His  definition,  jSlquivocations,  parties,  and  parts  af- 


Or 


Parti- 
cular. 


Prognosticks,  Subs.  4. 


Cures,  Subs.  B. 


Secure,  void 

of  grace  and 

fears. 
Or 

Distrustful, 
or  too  ti- 
morous, as 
desperate. 
In  despair 

.  consider, 


fecfed. 


Causes 
Subs.  3, 


Subs.'i. 

The  de\'il  &  his  allurements,  rigid  preach- 
ers, that  wound  their  consciences,  me- 
lancholy, contemplation,  solitariness.^ 
How  melancholy  and  despair  differ.  Dis- 
trust, weakness  of  faith.     Guilty  con- 
science for  offence  committed,  misun- 
derstanding Scripture. 
Svmntomes    K  F^'i''>sorrow,  anguish  of  mind,  extream 
Subs  4      i      tortures  &  horror  of  conscience,fear- 
C      ful  dreams,  conceits,  visions,  &c. 
Prognosticks  ;  Blasphemy,  violent  death.  Subs.  5, 

;  Physick  as  occasion  serves,  confer- 
ence, not  to  be  idle  or  alone.  Good 
counsel,  good  company,  all  comforts 
and  contents.  &c. 


THE 

THIKD    PARTITION. 


LO  VE-MELANCHOL  Y. 


c  section. 
the  first  ^member. 

/subsection. 


The  Prefa 


1.  HERE  will  not  be  wanting,  I  presume,  one  or  other  that 
will  much  discommend  some  part  of  this  Treatise  of  Lore- 
Melancholy,  and  object,  (which  ^Erasmus,  in  his  peface  to 
►S^  Thomas  Moore,  suspects  of  his)  that  it  is  too  light  Jor  a 
diviiie,  too  comical  a  subject  to  speak  of  love-symptomes,  too 
phantastical,  and  fit  alone  for  a  vvanton  poet,  a  feeling-  young- 
love-sick  gallant,  an  effeminate  courtier,  or  some  such  idle 
person.  And  'tis  true  they  say  :  for,  by  the  naughtiness  of 
men,  it  is  so  come  to  pass,  as  ''Caussinus  observes,  ut  ca'stis 
aurihns  vox  anioris  suspecta  sit,  et  invisa,  the  very  name  of 
love  is  odious  to  chaster  ears  :  and  therefore  some  again  out 
of  an  affected  gravity,  will  dislike  all  for  the  names  sake,  be- 
fore they  read  a  word  ;  dissembling-  with  him  in  "^  Petronius, 
and  seem  to  be  angry  that  their  ears  are  violated  with  such 
obscene  speeches,  that  so  they  may  be  admired  for  grave  phi- 
losophers, and  staid  carriao-e.  They  cannot  abide  to  hear  talk 
of  love  toyes,  or  amorous  discourses, — vtiltii,  gestu,  oculis,  in 
their  outward  actions  averse ;  and  yet  in  their  cogitations,  they 
are  all  out  as  bad,  if  not  worse  then  others. 

^Erubuit,  posuitque  meum  Lucretia  librum, 
Sed  coram  Bruto  ;  Brute,  recede,  leget. 


a  Encom.  Morias.     Leviores  esse  nn2:as  quam  ut  theologrim  deceant.  ''Lib.  8. 

Eloquent,    cap   14   de  aftectibus.      Mortalium  vitio  fit,  qui  praeclara  quaeqne  in  pravos 
usus  vertunt.  c  Quoties  de  amatoriis  mentio  facta  est,  tarn  vehementer  excandui ; 

tam  severa  tristitia  violari  auras  meas  obscoeno  sermone  nolui,  ut  me  tanqaam  unarn  ex 
philosopliis  intuerentur.  ^  Martial. 


152  Love -Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I 

But  let  these  cavillers  and  counterfeit  Catos  know,  that,  as  the 
lord  John  answered  the  queen  (in  that  Italian  =*  Guazzo),  an 
old,  a  grave,  discreet  niau  is  fittest  to  discourse  of  love  matters, 
because  he  hath  likely  more  experience,  observed  more,  hath  a 
more  staid  judoeinent.  can  better  discerii,  resolve,  disrusse,  ad- 
vise, iiive  better  cautions,  and  uiore  solid  precepts,  better  in- 
form his  auditors  in  such  a  subject,  and  by  reason  of  his  riper 
years,  sooner  divert.     Besides,  nihil  in  hue  amoris  voce  snhti- 
mendum,  there  is   nothing-  here  to  be  excepted  at  :  love  is  a 
species  of  melancholy,  and  a  necessary  part  of  thisisiy  tieatise, 
M'hich  I  may  not  omit ;    operi  siiacepto  ini^erviendum  fuit  ;  so 
Jacobus  JMicyllus  pleadeth  for  himself  in   his  translation  of 
Lncians  dinlog-ues  ;  and  so  do  1  :   1  must  and  will  perform  my 
task.     And  that  short  excuse  of  Mercerus,  for  his  edition  of 
Arista?netus,  shall  be  mine;  ^  If  I  have  spent   my  time  ill  to 
write,  let  not  them  be  so  tdleas  to  read.     But  I  aniperswaded 
it  is  not  so  ill  spent;  I  ought  not  to  excuse  or  repent  my  self  of 
this  subject,  on  Avhich  many  grave  and  worthy  men  have  written 
whole  volumes,  Plato,  Plutarch,  Plotinus,  Maximus  Tyrius, 
Alcinoiis,  Avicenna,  Leon,  Ilebreus  in  three  large  dialogues, 
Xenophon,  .«//;//y^jo.s\  Theophrastus,  if  \\  e  may  believe  Athe- 
naus,  ///;.   \'6.  cap.  9.       Picus  JMirandula,  Marius  /Equicola, 
both  in  Italian,  Kornmannus,  de  lined  ,/] maris,  lib.  3.     Petrus 
Godefridushnlii  handled  in  three  books,  P.  Haedus,  and  which 
almost  every  pliysician,  as  Arnoldus,  Villanovanus,  Valleriola 
(observat.  vied.  lib.  2.  observ.  7-)  ^lian  Montaltus,  and  Lau- 
rentius  in  their  Treatises  of  JNJelancholy,  Jason  Pratensis,  de 
morb.  cap.    Valescus  de  Taranla,  Gordonius,   Hercules  de 
Saxonia,  Savanarola,  Langius,  kc.  have  treated  of  apart,  and 
in  their  works.     I  excuse  my  self  therefore  with  Peter  Gode- 
fridus,  Valleriola,  Ficinus,  and  in  *=  Langius  words — Cadmus 
Milesius  writ  fourteen  books  of  love;  and  nhy  should  I  he 
ashamed  to  u-rite  an  epistle  in  favour  of  yonny  men  ff  this 
subject  ?  a  company  of  stern  readers  dislike  the  second  of  the 
iEneads,  and  Virgils  gravity,  for  inserting  such  amorous  pas- 
sions in  an  heroical  subject:  but  '^  Servius,  his  commentator, 
justly  vindicates  the  poets  Avorth,  wisdome,  and  discretion  in 
doing  as  he  did,      Castalio  would  not  have  young  men  read 
the '^Canticles,  because,  to  his  thinking,  it  was  too  light  and 
amorous  a  tract,  a  ballade  of  ballades,  as  our  old  ]:^nglish  transla- 
tion hath  it.     lie  might  as  well  forbid  the  reading  of  Genesis, 


T*  Lib.  4.  of  civil  conversation.  ^  Si  male  locata  est  opera  scribendo,  ne  ipsL 

locent  in  legendo.  «  Med.  epist  1.  1.  ep.  14.     Cadmus  Milesins,  teste  Siiida, 

de  hoc  erotico  amore  14  libros  scripsit ;  nee  nie  pigebit,  in  gratiani  adolesce ntiini,  banc 
scribere  epistolam.  <' Comment,  in  2.  iEneid.  cMeros  amores,  meram 

impudicitiam  sonare  videtur,  nisi,  &:c. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Preface.  153 

because  of  the  loves  of  Jacob  and  Rachel,  the  stories  of  Sichem 
and  Dinah,  Judah  and  Thaniar  ;  reject  the  book  of  Numbers, 
for  the  fornications  of  the  people  of  Israel  with  the  Moabites  ; 
that  of  Judges,  for  Sampson  and  Daiilahs  embracings ;  that 
of  the  Kings,  for  David  and  Bathshebas  adulteries,  the  incest 
of  Amnou  and  Thamar,  Solomons  concubines,  &c.  the  stories 
of  Esther,  Judith,  Susanna,  and  many  such.  Dicaearchus,  and 
some  other,  carp  at  Platos  majesty,  that  he  would  vouchsafe 
to  indite  such  love  toyes  ;  amongst  the  rest,  for  that  dalliance 
with  Agatho, 

Suavia  clans  Agathoni,  animam  ipse  in  labra  tenebam  ; 
jEgra  etenim  properans  tanquam  abitura  fuit. 

For  my  part,  saith  ^  Maximus  Tyrius,  a  great  Platonist  him- 
self, me  710JI  tantum  admiratio  habet,  seel  etiam  stupor,  i  do  not 
only  admire,  but  stand  amazed  to  read  that  Plato  antl  So- 
crates both   should  expel  Homer  from  their  city,  because  he 
writ  of  auch  light  and  wanton  subjects.   Quod  Jiinonem  cum 
Jove   hi   Ida  concumbentes  inducit,  ab  hnmortaU  nube  con- 
tectos,  Vulcans  net,  Mars  and  Venus  fopperies  before  all  the 
gods,  because  Apollo  fled,  when  he  was  persecuted  by  Achilles, 
the   ''gods  were  wounded  and  ran  whining  away,  as  Mars 
that  roared  lowder  then  Stentor,  and  covered  nine  akers  of 
ground   with  his  fall ;   Vulcan    was  a  summers  day  falling- 
down  from  heaven,  and  in  Lemnos  ile  brake  his  leg,  &c.  with 
such  ridiculous  passages ;  when  as  both  Socrates  and  Plato,  by 
his  testimony,  writ  lighter  themselves :  quid  enim  tarn  distat 
(as   he  follows  it)  qnam  amans  a  temper  ante,  formarnm  ad- 
mirator  a  demente  ?  what  can  be  more  absurd  then  for  grave 
philosophers  to  treat  of  such  fooleries,  to  admire  Antilochus, 
Alcibiade,  for  their  beauties  as  they  did,  to  run  after,  to  gaze, 
to  dote  on  fair  Phpedrus,  delicate  Agatho,  young  Lysis,  fine 
Charmides  ?  hceccine  phllosophum  decent  ?  Doth  this  become 
grave  philosophers'?  Thusperad venture  Callias,Thrasymachus, 
Polus,  Aristophanes,  or  some  of  his  adversaries  and  aemula- 
tors  might  object;  but  neither  they  nor  ^Anytus  and  Melitus 
his  bitter  enemies,  that  condemned  him  for  teaching  Critias 
to  tyrannize,  his  impiety  for  swearing  by  dogs  and  plane  trees, 
for  his  jugliug  sophistry,  &c.  never  so   much  as  upbraided 
him  with  impure  love,  m  riting  or  speaking  of  that  subject ; 
and  therefore  M'ithout  question, as  he  concludes,  both  Socrates 
and  Plato  in  this  arejustly  to  be  excused.     But  suppose  they 


*Ser.  8.  bQuo,!  j-jsuiu  et  eorum  araores  commemoret.  <^  Quam  multa  ei 

ohjecissent,  quod  Critiam  tyrannidem  docuisset,  quod  Platonem  juraret  loquacem  so- 
phistam,  ?cc.  accusationem  amoris  nullam  fecerunt.     Ideoque  honestus  amor,  &c. 


151  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I. 

Lad  beeu  a  little  overseen,  rIioiiM  divine  Plato  J)e  defamed  ? 
no,  rather  as  he  said  of  Cafos  drnnkenncss,  i(  Cato  were 
drunk,  it  should  be  no  vice  at  all  to  bo  drmik.  They  reprove 
Plato  then,  but  -without  cause  (as  "Ficinus  pleads)  ;  for  all 
love  Is  honest  (ind  r/ood ;  and  theij  are  irarthy  to  f>e  loved  that 
speak  tvell  of  love.  IJeinof  to  speak  of  this  admirable  allection 
of  love,  (saith  t"  Valleriola)  there  lyes  open  a  vci.^t  and  philo- 
sophical feld  to  my  discourse,  by  tchich  many  lovers  become 
mad:  let  me  leave  my  more  serious  meditations,  icander  in 
these  philosophical  fields,  and  look  into  those  ])leasant  yroves 
of  the  Muses,  where,  with  unspeakable  variety  of  flowers,  we 
may  make  yarlands  to  our  selves,  Jiot  to  adorn  us  only,  but 
?rith  their  pleasant  smell  and  juyce  to  nourish  our  souls,  and 
Jill  our  minds  desirous  of  knowledye,  Sec.  After  an  harsh 
and  unpleasing- discourse  of  melancholy,  which  hath  hitherto 
molested  your  patience,  and  tired  the  author,  g-ive  him 
leave,  Mith  ^Godefridus  the  lawyer,  and  J/.iirr  ntius  {cap.  5), 
to  recreate  himself  in  this  kind  after  his  laborious  studies, 
since  so  many  yrave  divines  and  tcorthy  men  have,  without 
offence  to  manners,  to  help  thejnselves  and  others,  voluntarily 
written  of  it.  Heliodorus,  a  bishop,  penned  a  love  story  of 
Theagenes  and  Chariclea  ;  and,  >vhen  some  Catos  of  his  time 
reprehcncled  him  for  it,  chose  rather,  saith  ''Nicephorus,  to 
leave  his  bishoprick  then  his  book.  Jineas  Sylvius,  an  ancient 
divine,  and  past  40  years  of  age,  (as  'he  confesseth  himself, 
after  Pope  Pius  Secundus)  enditedthat  wanton  history' of  Eu- 
ryalus  andLucretia.  Andhowmany  superinfcndentsoflearn- 
ing-  could  1  reckon  up,  that  have  written  of  light  phantastical 
subjects'?  Beroaldus,Erasmus,Alpberatius, twenty foure times 
printed  in  Spanish,  &c.  Give  me  leave  then  (to  refresh  my 
Muse  a  little,  and  my  weary  readers),  to  expatiate  in  this  de- 
lightsome field,  hoc  deliciarum  campo,  as  Fonseca  terms  it, 
to  '^season  a  surly  discourse,  with  a  more  pleasing  aspersion  of 
love  matters.  Edulcare  vitam  convenit,  as  the  poet  invites  us, 
curas  nuyis,  S,-c.  'tis  good  to  sweeten  our  life  with  some  plea- 
sing toyes  to  rellish  it,  and  as  Pliny  tells  us,  magna  pars  stu- 


•  Carpunt  alii  Platoniram  majestatem,  quod  amori  nimiiim  inrlulserit ;  Picaearcens  et 
alii ;  Sed  male.  Omnis  amor  honcstus  et  bonus  ;  et  amore  digni,  qui  bene  dicunt  de 
aniore.  •>  Med.  obser.  lib.  2.  cap.  7.  De  admirando  amoris  alFectu  dictunis  :  injjens 

patet  campus  et  philosopbiciis,  quo  srcpe  homines  ducuntnr  ad  insaniam  ;  libeat  mode 
vafrari,  &:c.  Qua;  non  orni-iit  modo,  sed  fraprantia  et  succulentia  jucunda  plenins 
alant,  &c.  <=  Lib.  1.  pra-fat.  de  amoribns  ajjens.relaxandi  anirairaus.sa  laborio- 

Rissimis  stndiis  fatigati ;  quando  ef  llieologi  se  liis  juvari  rt  juvare  illirsi.s  n)oribu.s  volunt 
<i  Hist.  lib.  12.  caj).  34.  <"  Prapfat.     Quid  qnadracenario  convenit  cum  amore  ? 

Ego  vero  agnosco  amatoriara  scriptnm  niihi  non  couNenire  ;  qui  jam  meridiem  prajter- 
jrressus  in  vesperera  feror.     /Eneas  Silviu.s.  f  Ut  severiora  studia  iis  amaenita- 

tibug  lector  condire  possit     Accius. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Preface.  155 

diosorum  ama^nitates  qucerinms,  most  of  our  students  love 
such  pleasant  a  subjects;  tiiough  Macrobius  teach  us  other- 
wise, ^tJiat  those  old  sages  banished  all  such  lufht  tracts  from 
their  studies,  to  nurses  cradles,  to  please  onlif  the  ear ;  yet, 
out  of  Apuleius,  I  will  oppose  as  honourable  patrons,  Solon, 
Plato,  '^Xenophon,  Adrian,  &c.  that  as  highly  approve  of  these 
treatises.  On  the  other  side  me  thinks  they  are  not  to  be 
disliked,  they  are  not  so  unfit.  I  will  not  peremptorily  say, 
as  one  did,  ''  tarn  siiavia  dicam  facinora,  ul  male  sit  ei  qui 
talihus  non  delectetur.  1  Avill  tell  you  such  pretty  stories,  that 
foul  befall  him  that  is  not  pleased  with  them;  neque  dicam  ea 
qua-  vohis  usvi  sit  audivisse,  et  voluptaii  mcminisse,  with  tliat 
confidence,  as  Beroaldus  doth  his  enarrations  on  Propertius. 
T  will  not  expect  or  hope  for  that  approbation,  which  Lipsius 
gives  to  his  Epictetus  ;  pluris  facio  quum  relego,  semper  ut 
novum,  et,  quum  repetivi,  repetendiim,  the  more  I  read,  the 
more  shall  I  covet  to  read.  I  will  not  presse  you  with  my 
pamphlets,  or  beg  attention  ;  but  if  you  like  them,  you  may. 
Pliny  holds  it  expedient,  and  most  fit,  severitatem  jucunditate 
etiaminscriptiscondire,to  season  our  works  with  some  pleasant 
discourse;  Synesius approves  it ;  licet  in  ludicris  ludere ;  the 
«poet  admires  it: 

Omne  tulit  punctum,  qui  miscuit  utile  dulci : 

And  there  be  those,  without  question,  that  are  more  willing  to 
read  such  toyes,  then  'I  am  to  write.  Let  me  not  live,  saith 
Aretines  Antonia,  if  I  had  not  rather  hear  thy  discourse,  s  then 
see  a  play  !  no  doubt  but  there  be  more  of  her  minde,  ever  have 
been,  ever  will  be,  as  ''Hierome  bears  me  witnesse.  Afar 
greater  part  had  rather  read  Ajmleius  then  Plato :  Tully  liim- 
self  confesseth  he  could  not  understand  Platos  Timseus,  and 
therefore  cared  lesse  for  it,  but  every  school  boyhath  thatfamous 
testament  of  Grunnius  Corocotta  Porcellus  at  his  fingers  ends. 
The  comicall  poet, 

Id  sibi  negoti  credidit  solum  dari, 

Populo  ut  placerent,  quas  fecisset  fabulas — 

made  this  his  onely  care  and  sole  study  to  please  the  people, 
tickle  the  ear,  and  to  delight;  but  mine  earnest  intent  is  as 
much  to  profit  as  to  please  ;  non  tain  ut  populo  placerem, 


*Discum  qiiam  philosophum  audire  malunt.  bin  Soni.  Scip.  E  sacrario  suotum 

ad  cunas  nntricum  sapientes  eliminiiiant,  solas  auriiim  delicias  profitentes.  « Ba- 

bylonius  et  Ephesius,  qui  de  amore  scripsenint,   nterque  amores  Myrrhas,  Cyrenes,  et 
Adonidis.     Saidas.         <^  Pet.  Aretine,  dial.  Ital.  e  fjor.        fLegendi  cupidiores, 

quam  ego  scribendi,  saith  Lucian.  s  Plus  capio  vohiptatis  inde,  quam  spectandisin 

theatro  ludis.  hprocemio  in  Isaiam.    Miilto  major  pars  Milesias  fabulas  revd- 

ventium  quam  Plalonis  libros. 


156  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

qnam  ut  populum  juvarem;  and  these  my  M'ritiiii»-s,  I  liope, 
shall  take  like  ijuihled  pills,  Avhiehare  so  composed  as  >vell  to 
tempt  the  appetite,  and  deceive  tlie  palat,  as  to  help  and  medi- 
cinally work  upoji  tlie  whole  body;  iny  lines  sliall  not  oidy 
recreate,  but  rectifie  the  minde.  1  think  I  have  said  enouoh; 
if  not,  let  him  that  is  otherwise  minded,  remember  that  of 
^Madanrensis,  he  was  in  his  fife  a  pfiifosopher  (as  Ausonius 
apologiseth  for  him;)  in  his  epifpams  a  lover,  in  his  precepts 
most  severe,  in  his  epistle  to  Ccvreflia  a  wanton.  Annianus, 
Sulpitius,  Euenus,  Menander,  and  many  old  poets  besides, 
did  ?w  scriptis  prurire,  write  Fescennies,  Attellanes,  and  las- 
civious songs;  Icetam  materiavi;  yet  they  had  in  morilnis 
censuram  et  sever itatem,  they  Mere  chast,  severe,  and  upright 
livers. 

— Castum  esse  decet  piutn  poetara 
Ipsum,  versiculos  nihil  necesse  est, 
Qui  turn  denique  habent  salem  et  leporera. 

I  am  of  Catullus  opinion,  and  make  the  same  apologie  in  mine 
own  behalf:  hoc  etiam,  quodscribo,  pendet  pternmqne  ex  alio- 
rum  sententid  et  auctoritate  ;  nee  ipse  J'orsan  insanio,  sed  in- 
sanientes serpior.  Atqui  detur  hoc  insanire  me;  semel  insani- 
vimus  omnes,  et  tute  ipse  opinor  insanis  aliqnando,  et  is,  et  ille, 
et  e(/o  scilicet. 

Homo  sum  :  human!  a  me  nihil  alienum  puto  : 

and,  which  he  urgeth  for  himself,  accused  of  the  like  fault,  I 
as  justly  plead, 

^  Lasciva  est  nobis  pagina;  vita  proba  est ; 

howsoever  my  lines  erre,  my  life  is  honest, 

c  Vita  verecunda  est,  Musa  jocosa,  mihi. 

But!  presume  I  need  no  such  apologies;  I  need  not,  as  Socrates 
in  Plato,  cover  his  face  when  he  spake  of  love,  or  blush  and 
hide  mine  eyes,  as  Pallas  did  in  her  hood,  when  she  was  con- 
sulted by  Jupiter  about  Mercuries  marriage,  quod  sn per  mip- 
tiis  vir()o  consnfitur :  it  is  no  such  lascivious,  obscene  or 
wanton  discourse  :  I  have  not  offended  your  chaster  ears  >vitli 
any  thing  that  is  here  written,  as  many  French  and  Italian 
authors  in  their  modern  language  of  late  have  done,  nay  some 
of  our  Latinepontificiall  Mriters,  Zanches,  Asorius,  Abulensis, 
Burchardus,  &c.  whom 'Rivet  accuseth  to  be  more  lascivious 


*  In  vita  philosophuSj  in  epigram,  amator,  iii  epistolis  jietulans,  iu  prseceptis  severns. 
Mart.  '"Ov'id.  ^ilsago.  ad  sac.  scrip,  cap.  13. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Preface.  157 

then  Virgil  in  Priapeiis,  Petroniiisin  Catalectis,  Aristophanes 
in  Lysistrata,  iMartialis,  or  any  other  pagan  prophane  writer, 
qui  tarn  atrociter  (-^one  notes)  hoc  genere  peccdriint^  7it  mnl- 
ta  inc/eniosissime  scripta  ohsccemtatnm  cfratid  castce  mentes 
ahhorrcant.  'Tis  not  scurrile  this,  but  chast,  honest,  most 
part  serious,  and  even  of  religion  itself.  ^ Incetised  (as  he 
said)  tcith  the  love  of  Jindinrj  love,  we  have  sought  it,  and 
found  it.  More  yet,  I  have  angtnented  and  added  something 
to  this  light  treatise  (if  light),  which  was  not  in  the  former 
editions  :"l  am  not  ashamed  to  confess  it,  with  a  good  "^au- 
thor, cpiod  extendi  et  locupletari  hoc  suhjectnm  plerique  pos- 
tnlabant,  et  eornm  importunitate  rictus,  animuni,  utcunque 
renitentem,  eo  adegi,  ut  jam  sextd  vice  calamum  in  manuni 
sumerem,  scription'ique  lonc/e  et  a  sludiis  et  prof'essione  med 
a  lienoe  me  accinr/erem,  horas  aViquas  a  seriis  7neis  occupatio- 
nihus  interim  suffuratiis,  easqne  veluti  ludo  cuidam  ac  recrea- 
tioni  destinans; 


d  Cogor retrorsuni 

Vela  dare,  atque  iterare  cursus 
Olim  relictos. 

etsi  non  ignorarem  novos  fortasse  detractores  novishisce  inter- 
polationibus  meis  minime  defuturos. 

And  thus  much  I  have  thoughtgood  to  say  by  way  of  pre- 
face, lest  any  man  (which  *=  Godefridus  feared  in  his  book) 
should  blame  in  me  lightness,  wantonness,  rashness,  in  speak- 
ing" of  love  causes,  entisements,  symptomes,  remedies,  law- 
full  and  mdawfull  loves,  and  lust  it  self.  ^ I  speak  it,  onhj  to 
tax  and  deter  others  from  it :  not  to  teach,  hut  to  shew  the 
g  vanities  and  fopperies  of  this  heroicall  or  Herculean  love,  and 
to  applg  remedies  unto  it.  I  wdl  treat  of  this  with  like  liberty 
as  of  the  rest. 

''Sed  dicam  vobis  :  vos  porro  dicite  multis 

Millibus  ;  et  facite  hsec  charta  loquatur  anus. 

Condemn  me  not,  good  reader,  then,  or  censure  me  hardly,  if 
some  part  of  this  Treatise,  to  thy  thinking,  as  yet  be  too  light; 


aBarthius,  notis  in  Ccelestinam,  ludiim  Hisp.  •'  Ficinns,  Comment,  c.  17. 

Amore  incensi  inveniendi  amoris,  araorem  qujesivimns  et  invenimus.  "^  Auctor 

Coelestinas  Barth.  interprete,  d  Hor.  lib.  1.  Ode  34.  '^}^^9  praedisi,  ne 

qnis  temere  nos  putaret  scripsisse  de  amorum  lenociniis,depraxi,  fornicationibas,  adul- 
teriis,  &:c.  Taxando  et  ab  his  deterrendo  huraanam  lasciviamet  insaniam,  sed 

et  remedia  docendo :  non  igitur  candidus  lector  nobis  succenseat,  &c.  Commonitio 
erit  juvenibus  hsec,  hisce  at  abstineant  magis,  et  omissa  lascivia  quae  homines  reddit 
insanos,  virtutis  incumbant  stadiis  (.'Eneas  Silv.) :  et  curani  amoris  si  quis  nescit,  hinc 
poterit  scire.  f  INlartianus  Capella,  lib,  1.  de  nupt.  philol.     Virginali  suffasa 

rubore,  oculos  peplo  obnnbens.  Sec.  ^  Catullus.^ 


158  Loce  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

but  consider  better  of  it.  Omnia  iniinda  mundis  ;  „  a  naked 
man,  to  a  modest  woman,  is  no  otlierwise  then  a  picture,  as 
Augusta  Livia  truly  said  ;  aii<l  i,  mala  mens,  mains  animus  ; 
'tis  as  'tis  taken.  If  in  thy  censure  it  be  too  lig-ht,  I  advise 
thee,  as  Lipsius  did  his  reader  for  some  places  of  Plautus,  istos 

finasi  Sirenum  scopulos  prcetervehrre :  if  they  like  thee  not, 
et  them  pass;  or  oppose  that  which  is  good  to  that  which  is 
bad,  and  reject  not  therefore  ail.  For,  to  invert  that  verse  of 
Martial,  and,  with  Hierom  ^\'oif^lIs,  to  apply  it  to  my  present 
purpose, 

Sunt  mala,  sunt  quecdam  mediociia,  sunt  bona  phira  ; 

some  is  good, some  bad,  some  is  indifferent.  I  say  fartherwith 
him  yet,  I  have  inserted  ("  Icvicnla  quecdam  et  ridicnla  ascri- 
here  non  sum  f/ravatus,  circinnf'oranea  quecdam  e  theafris,  e 
plateis,  etiam  e  popinis)  some  things  more  homely,  lig-ht,  or 
comicall,  litans  Gratiis,  &c.  which  I  would  request  every 
man  to  interpret  to  the  best;  and,  as  Julius  Csesar  Scaliger 
besought  Cardan,  (si  quid  vrhaniuscnle  hi  sum  a  nobis,  per 
Deos  immortales  te  oro,  Hieroni/me  Cardajie,  ne  me  male  ca- 
pias) 1  beseech  thee,  good  reader,  not  to  mistake  me,  or 
misconstrue  what  is  here  written  ;  Per  Musas  et  Charites^  et 
omnia  poetarum  jnanifia,  benir/ne  lector,  oro  te,  ne  me  male 
capias.  'Tis  a  comicall  subject;  in  sober  sadness  I  crave 
pardon  of  what  is  amiss,  and  desire  thee  to  suspend  thy  judge- 
ment, wink  at  small  faults,  or  to  be  silent  at  least:  but,  if  thou 
likest,  speak  well  of  it,  and  wish  me  good  success. 

Extremum  hunc,  Arethusa,  mihi  concede  laborem. 

I  am  resolved,  howsoever,  velis,  nolis,  audacter  stadium 
intrare,  in  the  Olympicks,  with  those  ^liensian  wrestlers  in 
Philostratus,  boldly  to  shew  my  self  in  this  conmion  stage, 
and  in  this  trage-coraedy  of  love,  to  act  severall  parts,  sonie 
satyrically,  some  comically,  some  in  a  mixttone,as  thesubject 
1  have  in  hand  gives  occasion,  and  present  scene  shall  require, 
or  offer  it  self. 


=>  Viros  nudos  castsp  femina;  nihil  a  statuis  distare.  b  Hony  soyt  qui  mal  y 

pense.  •■  Praef.  Suid. 


Mem.  1.  Subs'.  2  ]  Objects  of  Love.  159 

SUBSECT.  11. 

Loves  Beginning,  Object,  Dejinitioti,  Division. 

Loves  limits  are  ample  and  great;  and  a  spations  tvalk 
it  hath,  beset  with  thorns,  and  for  that  cause,  (which 
^  Scaliger  reprehends  in  Cardan),  not  lighthj  to  be  passed 
over.  Least  I  incur  the  same  censure,  I  will  examine  all  the 
kinds  of  love,  his  nature,  beginning,  difference,  objects,  how 
it  is  honest  or  dishonest,  a  vertue  or  vice,  a  naturall  passion  or 
a  disease,  his  power  and  effects,  how  far  it  extends:  of  which 
although  something  hath  been  said  in  the  first  partition,  in 
those  sections  of  perturbations  Q'fbr  love  and  hatred  are  the 
first  and  most  common  passions,  J'rom  which  all  the  rest  arise, 
and  are  attendant,  as  Picolomineus  holds,  or  as  Nich.  Caussi- 
nus,  the  primum  mobile  of  all  other  affections,  which  carry 
them  all  about  them)  I  will  now  more  copiously  dilate,  through 
all  his  parts  and  severall  branches,  that  so  it  may  better  appear 
what  love  is,  and  how  it  varies  with  the  objects,  how  in  defect, 
or  (which  is  most  ordinary  and  common)  immoderate,  and  in 
excess,  causeth  melancholy. 

Love,  universally  taken,  is  defined  to  be  desire,  as  a  word 
of  more  ample  signification  :  and  though  Leon.  Hebreus,  the 
most  copious  writer  of  this  subject,  in  his  third  dialogue 
make  no  difierence,  yet  in  his  first  he  distinguisheth  them 
again,  and  defines  love  by  desire.  ^  Love  is  a  voluntary  affec- 
tion, and  desire  to  enjoy  that  which  is  good.  ^ Desire  ivisheth; 
love  enjoyes ;  the  end  ofithe  one  is  the  beginning  of  the  other: 
that  which  we  love  is  present  ;  that  which  we  desire  is  absent, 
« It  is  ivorth  the  labour,  saith  Plotinus,  to  consider  well  of 
love,  whether  it  be  a  god  or  a  divell,  or  passion  of  the 
minde,  or  partly  god,  partly  divell,  partly  passion.  He  con- 
cludes love  to  participate  of  all  three,  to  arise  from  a  desire 
of  that  which  is  beautiful  and  fair,  and  defines  it  to  be  an 
action  of  the  minde,  desiring  thativhich  is  good.  "^  Plato  calls 
it  the  great  divell,  for  its  vehemency,  and  soveraignty  over 


a  Exerc.  301.   Campus  amoris  maxiinus  et  spinis  obsitus,  dim;  levissimo  pede  trans- 
volandus.  *>  Grad.  1.  cap.  29.  ex  Platone.     Primas  et  coramunissiu)£e  per- 

turbationes,  ex  quibus  cseterse  oriuntnr,  et  earutn  sunt  pedissequse.  ''  Amor 

est  voluntarius  affectus  et  desiderinm  re  bona  friiendi.  <•  Desiderium  optantis  ; 

amor  eornm  qnibns  truimiir  ;  amoris  principiura,  desiderii  finis  ;  amatnm  adesf. 
e  Principio  1.  de  amore.  Operfe  pretium  est  de  amore  considerare,  ntrtim  Deus,  an 
dwmon,  an  passio  qusedam  aniraas,  an  partim  Deus,  partim  da?mon,  passio  partim,  &c. 
Amor  est  actus  animi  bonam  desiderans.  f  Magnus  Daemon,  Convivio. 


160  Love-Melanc/totii.  [I'aft.  3.  Sec.  1. 

all  otlicr  passions,  and  defines  it  an  appetite,  *  hj/  ichich  we 
r/^'.v//v'  some  ffood  to  he  piesenf.  Ficinus,  in  Ills  comment, 
addcs  the  word  fair  to  this  defiiiition — love  is  a  desire  of  enjoy- 
ing tliat  which  is  pfood  and  fair.  Austin  dilates  this  com- 
mon definition,  and  will  have  love  to  he  a  deleclation  of  the 
heart,  ^J'or  somef/nnr/  which  we  seek  to  jcin,  or  joy  to  have, 
covet inf/  hi/  desire,  restinrf  injo)/.  '^  Seal iger  f/i'.rr'rc.  301) 
taxeth  these  former  definitions,  and  will  not  have  love  to  be 
defined  by  desire  or  appetite  ;  J'or^  when  tve  oijoj/  the  things 
we  desire,  there  remains  no  more  appetite :  as  he  defines  it, 
love  is  an  affection  hi/  which  ice  are  united  to  the  thinr/ 
we  love,  or  perpetuate  our  union ;  which  agrees  in  part  with 
Leon.  Hebreus. 

Now  this  love  varies  as  its  object  varies,  which  is  alwayes 
good,  amiable,  fair,  gracious  and  pleasant.  '^  AH  thinr/s 
desire  that  which  is  good,  as  Me  are  taught  in  the  ethicks,  or 
at  least  that  which  seems  to  them  to  be  good  ;  quid  enim  vis 
mali,  (as  Austin  well  infeiTes)  die  viihi  ?  puto  nihil  in  omni- 
bus actionibus ;  thou  wilt  wish  no  iiarni  I  suppose,  no  ill  in 
all  thine  actions,  thoughts  or  desires  ;  nihil  mali  vis ;  'thou 
wilt  not  have  bad  corn,  bad  soil,  a  naughty  tree,  but  all  good  ; 
a  good  servant,  a  good  horse,  a  good  son,  a  good  friend,  a 
good  neighbour,  a  good  wife.  From  this  goodness  comes 
beauty;  from  beauty,  grace,  and  comeliness,  which  result  as 
so  many  layes  from  their  good  parts,  make  us  to  love,  and  so 
to  covet  it :  for,  Mere  it  not  pleasing  and  gracious  in  our  eyes, 
we  should  not  seek.  *.A^o  man  loves  (saith  Aristotle,  9  mor. 
cap.  5)  but  he  that  was  first  deVujhted  with  comeliness  and 
heautff.  As  this  fair  object  varies,  so  doth  our  love;  for,  as 
Proclus  holds,  omne  pulchrum  amabile,  every  fau*  thing  is 
amiable;  and  M'hat  we  love  is  fair  and  gratiousin  our  eyes;  or 
at  least  M'e  do  so  apprehend  an:l  still  esteem  of  it.  ^Ami- 
ahleness  is  the  object  of  love  ;  the  scope  and  end  is  to  obtain  it, 
for  whose  sake  we  love,  and  which  our  mind  covets  to  enjoy. 
And  it  seems  to  us  especially  fair  and  good  :  for  good,  fair,  and 
unity,  cannot  be  separated.     Beauty  shines,  Plato  saith,  and 


aBoni  ptilchrique  fruenrli  rlesideriiira.  •>  Gorlefridns,  I.  1.  cap.  2.     Amor  est 

(ielectatio  cordis  alicujiis  ad  ali(|iiid,  propter  aliqiiod  d.-siderium  in  appetendo,  et  j(aa- 
diuin  perfruendo,  per  desideriuin  ciirrens,  reqiiiesct-ns  per  gaudium.  ^Non 

f-st  amor  desiderium  ant  appetiiiis,  ut  ah  oiiinibiis  liactenus  tradittim  ;  nam,  cum 
I)otimar  amatii  re,  non  manet  appetitas  ;  est  igitnr  aflectiis,  <|iio  cuin  re  amata  aut  uni- 
miir,  aut  unionem  perpetiiamus.  <•  Omnia  appetunt  bonnm.  e  Ter- 

ram  non  vis  malam,  niaiam  segetem,  sed  bonam  arboreiii,  eqiiam  bonum,  [&c. 
'Nemo  amore  capittir,  nisi  qui  furrit  ante  forma  specieque  delectatus.  ?  Ama- 

bile objectura  anions  et  scopus,  cujus  adeptio  est  linis,  cnjns  gratia  aiiiamus.  Animus 
fnim  aspirat  ut  eo  froatur  ;  et  formam  boni  babet,  tt  prajcipue  videtur  et  placet 
Picolominens,  grad.  7.  cap.  2.  et  grad.  8.  cap.  .3r>. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]  Objects  of  Looe.  151' 

by  reason  of  its  splendor  and  shining,  canseth  admiration;  and 
the  fairer  the  object  is,  the  more  eagerly  it  is  sought.  For, 
as  the  same  Plato  defines  it,  '^  beauty  is  a  lively  shhiing  or 
glitterimj  brightness,  resulting  from  effused  good,  by  ideas^ 
seeds,  reasons,  shadowes,  stirring  up  our  minds,  that  by  this 
good  they  may  be  united  and  made  one.  Others  will  have 
beauty  to  be  the  perfection  of  the  whole  composition,  ^caused 
out  of  the  congruous  symmetry,  measure,  order  and  manner  of 
parts:  and  that  comeliness  ichich  proceeds  from  this  beauty 
is  called  grace  ;  and  from  thence  all  fair  things  are  gracious: 
for  grace  and  beauty  are  so  wonderfully  annexed,  "so  siceetly 
and  gently  unn  our  souls,  and  strongly  allure,  that  they  con- 
found our  judgement^  and  cannot  be  distinguished.  Beauty 
and  grace  are  like  those  beams  and  shinings  that  come  from 
the  glorious  and  divine  sun,  which  are  diverse,  as  Hiey  proceed 
from  the  diverse  objects,  to  please  and  affect  our  several  senses; 
'^  as  the  species  of  beauty  are  taken  at  our  eyes,  ears,  or  conceived 
in  our  inner  soul,  as  Plato  disputes  at  large  in  his  Dialogue  de 
Pulchro,  Plmdro,  Hippias,  and,  after  many  sophisticall  errours 
confuted,  concludes  that  beauty  is  a  grace  in  all  things,  de- 
lighting the  eyes,  ears,  and  soul  it  self;  so  that,  as  Valesius 
infers  hence,  whatsoever  pleaseth  our  ears,  eyes,  and  soul, 
must  needs  be  beautifull,  fair,  and  delightsome  to  us.  ^  And 
nothing  can  more  please  our  ears  then  niusick,  or  pacife  our 
minds.  Fair  houses,  pictures,  orchards,  gardens,  fields,  a 
fair  hawk,  a  fair  horse,  is  most  acceptable  unto  us ;  whatso- 
ever pleaseth  our  eyes  and  ears,  we  call  beautifull  and  fair. 
*  Pleasure  belongeth  to  the  rest  of  the  senses,  but  grace  and 
beauty  to  these  two  alone.  As  the  objects  vary  and  are  diverse, 
so  they  diversely  affect  our  eyes,  ears,  and  soul  it  self:  which 
gives  occasion  to  some,  to  make  so  many  severall  kindes  of 
love  as  there  be  objects :  one  beauty  ariseth  from  God,  of 
which  and  divine  love,  ^S'.  Dionysius,  with  many  fathers  and 
Neotericks,  have  written  just  volumes,  De  amore  Dei,  as  they 
term  it,  many  parsenetical  discourses;  another  from  his  crea- 
tures; there  is  a  beauty  of  the  body,  a  beauty  of  the  soul, 
a  beauty  from  vertue,  formam  martyrum  Austin    calls   it, 


»  Forma  est  vitalis  fulgor  ex  ipso  bono  manans,  per  ideas,  semina,  rationes,  umbras 
effusns,  animos  excitans,  nt  per  bonum  in  iinuni  redigantur.  b  Pulchritiido  est 

perfectio  compositi,  ex  congruente  ordiiie,  mensiira,  et  ratione  partium  consurgens ;  et 
venustas  iade  prodiens  gratia  dicitur,  et  res  omnes  pulciirce  gratiosa?.  c  Gratia  et 

pulchritudo  ita  suaviter  anioius  demulcent,  ita  veheuienter  alliciunt,  et  admirabiliter 
connectuntur,  ut  in  unam  confundautur,  et  distingui  non  possunt ;  et  sunt  tanquaiu 
radii  et  splendores  divini  solis  in  rebus  variis  vario  mode  fulgentes.  "^  Species 

pulchritudinis  hauriuntur  oculis,  auribus,  aut  concipiuntiir  interna  meute.  «  Nihil 

hiuc  magis  animos  conciliat  quaui  uiusica,  pulchra?  picturae,  afdes,  &c.  'Inre- 

lifjuis  sensibus  voluptas,  in  his  pulchritudo  et  gratia.  <>'  Lib.  4.  de  divinii,  ^Cou- 

vivio  Piatonis. 

VOL.  II.  M 


162  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

quam  videnuis  ochUs  animi^  which  we  see  with  the  eyes  of 
onr  ininde,  which  beauty  (as  Tully  saith)  if  we  could  discern 
w  ith  these  corporeal!  eyes,  ndmirnhiles  aid  amores  excitaret, 
would  cause  admirable  affections,  and  ravish  our  souls.  This 
Other  beauty  which  ariseth  from  those  extreme  parts,  and  graces 
which  proceed  from  gestures,  speeches,  severall  motions,  and 
proportions  of  creatures,  men  and  women,  (especially  from  wo- 
men, whicii  made  those  old  poets  put  the  three  Graces  still  in 
Venus  company,  as  attending  on  her,  and  holding  up  her  train) 
are  infinite  almost,  and  vary  their  names  with  their  objects,  as 
love  of  mony,  covetousness,  love  of  beauty,  lust,  immoderate 
desire  ofany  pleasure,  concupiscence,friendship,love,good  will, 
&c.  and  is  either  vertue  or  vice,  honest,  dishonest,  in  excesse, 
defect,  as  shall  be  shewed  in  his  ))lace ; — heroicall  love,  reli- 
gious love,  &c.  which  may  be  reduced  to  a  twofold  division^ 
according  to  the  principall  parts  which  are  affected,  the  braine 
and  liver;  amnr  et  amicitia,  which  Scaliger  (e.vercitnt.  301), 
Valesius,  and  Melancthon,  warrant  out  of  Plato,  ^ixny  &  ipa» 
froin  that  speech  of  Pausanias,  belike,  that  makes  two  Veneres 
and  two  Loves.  •'  One  Vetius  is  ancient,  without  a  mother,  and 
descended J'rom  heaven,  whom  ire  call  crelestiall ;  the  younffer^ 
begotten  of'  Jupiter  and  Dione,  wham  commonly  ire  call  J^enus. 
Ficinus,  in  his  comment  upon  this  place,  cap.  8.  following 
Plato,  calls  these  two  Loves,  two  divels,  ^or  good  and  bad  an- 
gels according  to  us,  which  are  still  hovering  about  our  souls. 
'^  The  one  rears  to  heaven;  the  other  depresseth  ns  to  hell;  the 
one  good,  which  stirs  ns  up  to  the  contemplation  of  that  divine 
beauty,  for  whose  sake  we  perjorm  justice,  and  all  yodly  offices, 
study  philosophy,  S^-c,  the  other  base,  and,  thonqh  had, yet  to  be 
respected  ;for  indeed  both  are  good  in  their  own  natures :  pro- 
creation of  children  is  as  necessary  as  that  finding  out  oj' truths 
but  therefore  called  bad,  because  it  is  abused;  and  withdraices 
our  soul  J'rom  the  speculation  oj'that  other,  to  viler  objects  :  so 
far  Ficinus.  S'.  Austin  (lib.  15.  de  civ.  Dei  et  .tup.  Psal.  64) 
hath  delivered  as  much  in  effect.  '^ Every  creature  is  good, 
and  may  be  loved  well  or  ill :  and  '^two  cities  make  two  loves^ 
Jerusalem  and  Babylon,  the  love  of  God  the  one,  the  love  ojf 
the  world  the  other ;  of  these  two  cities  we  all  are  citizens,  as  by 
examination  oj'  ourselves  we  may  soon  fin  de,  and  of  which: 
the  one  love  is  the  root  of  all  mischief,  the  other  of  all  good. 

»  Duae  Veneres,  duo  Amores  :  qiiarnra  una  siiitifiuior  et  sine  inntre,  coclo  iiata,  qiiam 
coplestem  Venerem  rniinipanms  :  altera  vero  junior,  a  Jove  et  Dione  probata,  qnam 
valgareni  ^'enerem  Tocamiis.  ''Alter  ad  siiperna  erii,if.  alter  Heprimit  ad  inferna. 

<■  Alter  excitat  houiineiu  ad  divinani  piiIchritiiHinem  Itistrandam,  riijifs  rausp;"!  philosn- 
phiae  studia  et  jiistitiae,  &r.  "  Omnis  <reatnra  riirn  hona  sit,  et  bene  amari  po- 

test et  male.  '  Piias  rivilates  duo  faciiirit  amores:  Jerusalem  inert  srmor 

Dei,  BabyloneDi  amor  saECuli ;  iiniis(nii!;i(iie  se.  ^iiid  aiiift.  intenoRet;  et  inTenret  ondc 
flit  civis. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]  Objects  of  Love,  1G3 

So,  ill  his  15  cap.  lib.  de  amor.  Ecclesice,  he  will  have  those 
four  cardinall  vertues  to  be  naught  else  but  love  rightly  com- 
posed ;  in  his  15  book  de  civ,  Dei,  cap.  22,  he  calls  veitue  the 
order  of  Love  ;  whom  Thomas  following  (1  part.  2.  quoest.  5b. 
art.  1.  andqucest.  56.3.  qucest.  62.  art.  2),  confirmes  as  much, 
and  amplifies  in  many  words.  ^Lucian  to  the  same  purpose 
hath  a  division  of  his  own;  one  love  was  born  in  the  sea,  which 
is  as  various  and  raging  in  young  mens  brests  as  the  sea  it  self, 
and  causeth  burning  lust:  the  other  is  that  golden  chain  which 
teas  let  dorcn  from  heaven,  and  with  a  divine  Jury  ravisheth 
our  souls,  made  to  the  image  of  God,  and  stirs  us  up  to  compre- 
hend the  innate  and  incorruptible  beauty  to  ichich  we  were  once 
created.  Beroaldus  hath  expressed  all  this  in  an  epigram 
of  his : 

Dogmata  divini  memorant  si  vera  Platonis, 

Sunt  geminee  Veneres,  et  geminatus  Amor. 
Ccelestis  Venus  est  nullo  generata  parente, 

Quae  casto  sanctos  nectit  amore  vires. 
Altera  sed  Venus  est  totum  vulgata  per  orbem, 
Quee  divAm  mentes  alligat,  atque  hominum; 
Improba,  seductrix,  petulans,  &c. 
If  divine  Platos  tenents  they  be  true, 
Two  Veneres,  two  Loves  there  be ; 
The  one  from  heaven  unbegotten  stiil, 

Which  knits  our  souls  in  unitie  ; 
The  other  famous  overall  the  world, 

Binding  the  hearts  of  God  and  men ; 
Dishonest,  wanton,  and  seducing,  she 
Rules  whom  she  will,  both  where  and  when. 

This  twofold  division  of  love,  Origen  likewise  followes  in 
his  Comment  on  the  Canticles,  one  from  God,  the  other  from 
the  divell,  as  he  holds  (understanding  it  in  the  worser  sense) ; 
which  many  other  repeat  and  imitate.  Both  which  (to  omit 
all  subdivisions)  in  excesse  or  defect,  as  they  are  abused,  or 
degenerate,  cause  melancholy  in  a  particular  kinde,  as  shall 
be  shewed  in  his  place.  Austin,  in  another  tract,  makes  a 
threefold  division  of  this  love,  which  we  may  use  well  or  ill  : 
*"  God,  our  neighbour,  and  the  world ;  God  above  us,  our 
neighbour  next  us,  the  world  beneath  us.  In  the  course  of  our 
desires,  God  hath  three  things,  the  world  one,  our  neighbour 
two.  Our  desire  to  God,  is  either  from  God,  with  God,  or 
to  God,  and  ordinarily  so  runs.      From  God,  when  it  receives 

»  Alter  mari  ortus,  ferox,  varius,  fluctuans,  inanis,  juvenum,  mare  referens.  &c.  alter 
aurea  catena  coelo  demissa,  bonum  fnrorem  tnentibns  immittens,  Krc.  '•Tria  sunt, 

qaap  amari  a  nobis  bene  Tel  male  possimt;  Deus,  prosimns,  ninndns:  Dens  supra  nos.; 
joxfa  nos  proximns ;  infra  nos  mundus.  Tria  Deus,  duo  proxinius,  unain  niuadus 
habet,  &c. 


164  Love-Meiancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I. 

J'rom  him,  whence,  and  for  which  it  should  love  him:  with 
God,  when  it  contradicts  his  will  in  nothing :  to  God,  when 
it  seeks  to  repose  and  rest  it  self'  in  him.  Our  love  to  our 
neiffhhour  mat/  proceed  from  him,  and  run  with  him,  7iot  to 
him  :  from  him,  as  when  we  rejoijce  of  his  good  safety,  and 
well  doing  :  irith  him,  ichen  we  desire  to  have  him  a  fellow 
and  companion  of  our  jonrneg  in  the  7cag  of  the  Lord  ;  not  in 
him,  because  there  is  no  aid,  hope,  or  confidence  in  man.  From 
the  icorld  our  love  comes,  when  we  begin  to  admire  the  Creator 
in  his  works,  and  glorify  God  in  his  creatures.  With  the  world 
it  should  rnn,if  according  to  the  mutability  of  all  temporalties, 
it  should  be  dejected  in  adversity,  or  over  elevated  in  prospe- 
rity ;  to  the  world,  if  it  would  settle  it  self  in  its  vain  delights 
andstudies.  Many  such  partitions  of  love  I  could  repeat,  and 
subdivisions;  but  least  (which  Seal iger  objects  to  Cardan, ^a;- 
ercitat.  501)  */  confound  filthy  burning  Inst,  with  pure  and 
divine  love,  I  will  follow  that  accurate  division  of  Leon.  He- 
breus,  dial  2.  betwixt  Sophia  and  Philo,  where  he  speaks  of 
naturall,  sensible  and  rationall\ovc,  and  handleth  each  a|)art. 
Naturall  love  or  hatred  is  that  sympathy  or  antipathy,  which 
is  to  be  seen  in  animate  and  inanimate  creatures,  in  the  four 
elements,  mettals,  stones  :  gravialendunt  deorsum,  as  a  stone  to 
his  centre,  fire  upward,  and  rivers  to  the  sea.  The  sun,  moon, 
and  stars  go  still  round,  ^  amantes  naturcc  debita  euercere, 
for  love  of  perfection.  This  love  is  manifest,  I  say,  in  inanimate 
creatures.  How  comes  a  load-stone  to  draw  iron  to  it,  jet 
chaff,  the  ground  to  covet  showers,  but  for  love?  No  creatur(% 
S'.  Hieroni  concludes,  is  1o  be  found,  quod  non  aliipiid  amat, 
no  stock,  no  stone,  that  hath  not  some  feeling-  of  Jove.  'Tis 
more  eminent  in  plants,  hearbs,  and  is  especially  observed  in 
vegetals;  as  betwixt  the  vine  and  elm  a  great  sympathy  ;  be- 
twixt the  vine  and  the  cabbage,  betwixt  the  vine  and  olive 
(^VirgofugitBromium),hct\vi\t  the  vine  and  baies,  agreatan- 
tipathy ;  the  vine  loves  not  the  bay,  ''«or  his  smell,  and  icill kill 
him,  if  he  grow  near  him;  the  bur  and  the  Untie  cannot  endure 
one  another;  the  olive  *^and  the  mirtle  embrace  each  other,  in 
roots  and  branches,  if  they  grow  neer.  Read  more  of  this  in 
Picolomineus  (grad.  7.  cap.  I),  Crescentius  (//6.  5.  de  agric.) 
Baptista  Porta  (de  mag.  lib.  1.  cap.  de  plant,  odio  ef  Element, 
sym.)  Fracastorius  (desym.  et  antip.)  Of  the  love  and  hatred  of 
planets,  consult  with  every  astrologer  :  I.cor).  lb  breus  gives 
many  fabulous  reasons,  and  moral izeth  them  withall. 

*Ne  confundam  \e<anas  et  foedos  amores  bpa.tis,  sceleratum  cum  piiro,  divino,  et 
vero,  &c.  bPoDseca,  cap.  I.     Aniorpx  Aiigiistini  forsan  lib.  II.  de  CiviL  Dei. 

Amore  inconcnssus  stat  mundus,  fv.-c.  ''  Altiat  ^  Porta.   Vitis  lauriim  non  amat, 

n*c  pjos  odorem  ;  si  prop«>  rrpscat,  enect.     Lappa  I"!!*!  advfrsatur.  '^  Symrathia 

alei  et  myrti  ramorum  et  radicum  ue  couiplectentium.     Mizaldus,  secret,  cent.  1.  A7. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]  Objects  of  Love.  16S 

Sensible  love  is  that  of  brute  beasts,  of  which  the  same  Leon. 
Hebreus.  (rfiflf/.  2)  assigns  these  causes  ;  first,  for  the  pleasure 
they  take  in  the  act  of  generation,  male  and  female  love  one 
another  : — secondly,  for  the  preservation  of  the  species,  and 
desire  of  young  brood:  thirdly,  for  the  mutuall  agreement,  as 
being  of  the  same  kinde;  Sus  siii,  cams  cam,  bos  bovi,  et  asinus 
asino  pulcherrimus  videtur,  asEpicharmus  held:  and,  accord- 
ing to  that  adagy  of  Diogenianus, 

Adsidet  usque  graculus  apud  graculura, 

they  much  delight  in  one  anothers  company : 

^  Formicse  grata  est  formica,  cicada  cicadee. 

and  birds  of  a  feather  will  gather  together: — fourthly,  for  cus- 
tome,  use,  and  familiarity ;  as,  if  a  dog  be  trained  up  with  a  lion 
and  a  bear,  contrary  to  their  natures,  they  will  love  each  other. 
Hawks,  dogs,  horses,  love  their  masters  and  keepers.  Many 
stories  I  could  relate  in  this  kinde:  but  see  Gillius,  de  hist, 
anim.  lib.  3.  cap.  14,  those  two  epistles  of  Lipsius,  of  dogs 
and  horses,  Agellius,  &c. — fifthly,  for  bringing  up,  as  if  a 
feitch  bring  up  a  kid,  a  hen  duckling,  an  hedge  sparrow  a 
cuckow,  &c. 

The  third  kinde  is  amor  cognitionis,  as  Leon  calls  it,  rationall 
love,  intellectivus  amor,  and  is  proper  to  men,  on  which  I  must 
insist.  This  appears  in  God,  angels,  men.  God  is  love  it  self, 
"~rhe  fountain  of  love,  the  disciple  of  love,  as  Plato  stiles  him; 
the  servant  of  peace,  the  God  of  love  and  peace  j  have  peace 
with  all  men,  and  God  is  with  you. 

-''Quisquis  veneratur  Olyrapum, 


Ipse  sibi  mundum  subjicit,  atque  Deum. 

"By  this  love  (saith  Gerson)  ice  purchase  heaven,  and  buy  the 
kingdom  of  God.  This  ''love  is  either  in  the  Trinity  it  self,  for 
the  Holy  Ghost  is  the  love  of  the  FatherandtheSon,&c.  Joh.3. 
15.  and  5.  20.  and  14.  31.  or  towards  us  his  creatures,  as  in 
making  the  world.  Amor  mundum  fecit ;  love  built  cities; 
mundi  anima  ;  invented  arts,  sciences,  and  all^good  things,  in- 
cites us  to  vertue  and  humanity,  combines  and  quicken?;  keepes 
peace  on  earth,  quietness  by  sea,  mirth  in  the  windes  and  ele- 
ments, expells  all  fear,  anger,  and  rusticity ;  circulus  a  bono  in 
bonum,  a  round  circle  still  from  good  to  good ;  for  love  is  the 
beginner  and  end  of  all  our  actions,  the  efficient  and  instru- 


a Theocritus,  Idyll.  9.  bMantuan.  c  Caritas  munifica,  qua  mercamnr 

de  Deo  return  Dei.  '^  Polanus,  partii  Zanchias,  de  natura  Dei,  c.  3.  copiose 

de  hoc  amore  Dei  agit.  ^ISich.  Bellas  discurs.  28.  de  amatoribus.    Virtutem  pro- 

rocat,  conseryat  pacem  in  terra,  tranquillitatem  in  aere,  Tentis  lastitiam,  8ic. 


16(j  Loce-AFelancholif.  [Part,  3.  Sec.  1. 

mental  cause,  as  our  poets  in  their  symbols,  impresses, » em- 
blemes  of  rings,  squares,  &c.  shadow  unto  us, 

Si  rerum  quteris  fuerit  quis  finis  ct  oltus, 

Desine;  nam  caussa  est  uiiica  solus  amor. 
If  first  and  last  of  any  thing  you  wit, 
Cease  ;  love's  t!ie  sole  an<l  only  cause  of  it. 

Love,  saith  ''Leo,  made  tlie  world:  and  afterwards  in  reileem- 
ing  of  it,  God  so  loved  the  world,  that  he  (fare  his  onlij  bef/otten 
sonj'or  it.  JoIdi^  3.  16.  Behold  what  love  the  Fattier  hath 
shelved  on  ns,  thftt  we  should  be  called  the  sons  of  God.  1  John, 
3.  1.  Or  by  his  sweet  providence,  in  protecting  of  it ;  either 
all  in  general),  or  his  saints  elect  and  church  in  particular, 
whom  he  keeps  as  the  apple  of  his  eye,  M'hom  he  loves  freely 
(as  Hosea,  14.  5.  speaks),  and  dearly  respects.  "  Carior  est 
ipsis  homo,  quam  sibi :  not  that  we  are  fair,  nor  for  any  merit 
or  grace  of  ours;  for  we  are  most  vile  and  base  ;  but  out  of 
his  incomparable  love  and  goodness,  out  of  his  divine  nature. 
And  this  is  that  Homers  golden  chain,  which  reacheth  down 
from  heaven  to  earth,  by  which  every  creature  is  annexed, 
and  depends  on  his  Creator.  He  made  all,  saith  •*  Moses ; 
and  it  was  good ;  and  he  loves  it,  as  good. 

The  love  of  angels  and  living  souls  ismutuall  amongstthem- 
selves,  towards  us  militant  in  the  church,  and  all  such  as  love 
God;  as  the  sun  beams  irradiate  the  earth  from  those  celestiall 
thrones,  they  by  their  well  wishes  reflect  on  us,  ^  in  salute  ho- 
minum  promovendd  alacres,  et  constantes  administri  ;  there  is 
joy  in  heaven  for  every  sinner  that  repenleth  ;  they  pray  for 
us,  are  solicitous  for  our  good,  ^  casti  genii, 

Ubi  fi^gnat  caritas,  suave  desiderium, 
Lcctitiaque  et  amor  Deo  conjunctus. 

Love  proper  to  mortall  men  is  the  third  member  of  this  sub- 
division, and  the  subject  of  my  following  discourse. 


aCamerarius,  Einb.  100.  cen.  2.  i- Dial.  3.  cjuven,  <>  Gen.  I. 

•Camsinoi  fTheodoret.  e  Plotino. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]  Objects  of  Love.  167 


MEMB.II.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Love  ofmen^  which  varies  as  his  objects,  profitable,  pleasant ^ 
honest. 

VaLESIUS  {lib.  3.  contr.  13)  defines  this  love,  which  is  in 
men,  to  be  ""  an  affection  of  both  powers,  appetite  and  reason. 
The  rational  resides  in  the  brain,  the  other  in  the  liver  (as 
before  hath  been  said  out  of  Plato  and  others).  The  heart  is 
diversly  affected  of  both,  and  carried  a  thousand  waies  by  con- 
sent. The  sensitive  faculty  most  part  over-rules  reason  ;  the 
soul  is  carried  hood-winkt,  and  the  understanding  captive 
like  a  beast.  ^  The  heart  is  variously  inclined;  sometimes  they 
are  merry,  sometimes  sad;  and  from  love  arise  hope  and  fear, 
jealousie,fury,  desperation.  Now  this  love  of  men  is  diverse, 
and  varies,  as  the  object  varies,  by  which  they  are  entised,  as 
vertue,  wisdome,  eloquence,  profit,  wealth,  money,  fame,  ho- 
nour, or  comeliness  of  person,  &c.  Leon.  Hebreus,  in  his  first 
dialogue,  reduceth  them  all  to  these  three,  utile,  jucundum, 
honestum,  profitable,  pleasant,  honest  (out  of  Aristotle,  belike, 
8.  moral.)  of  which  he  discourseth  at  large;  and  whatsoever  is 
beautifull  and  fair,  is  referred  to  them,  or  any  way  to  be  desired. 
<^  To  profitable,  is  ascribed  health,  wealth,  honour,  ^c.  which  is 
rather  ambition,  desire,  covetousness,  then  love.  Friends,  chil- 
dren, love  of  women,  ♦*all  delightfull  and  pleasant  objects,  are 
referred  to  the  second.  The  love  of  honest  things  consists 
in  vertue  and  wisdome,  and  is  preferred  before  that  which  is 
profitable  and  pleasant;  intellectuall,  about  that  which  is  ho- 
nest. ^S'.  Austin  calls  profitable,  worldly  ;  pleasant,  carnal; 
honest,  spirituaU.  ^  Of  and  from  all  three,  result  charity, friend- 
ship, and  true  love,  which  respects  God  and  our  neighbour.  Of 
each  of  these  I  will  briefly  dilate,  and  shew  in  what  sort  they 
cause  melancholy. 

Amongst  all  these  fair  enticing  objects,  which  procure  love, 
and  bewitch  the  soul  of  man,  there  is  none  so  moving,  so  forci- 
ble as  profit;  and  that  which  carrieth  with  it  a  shew  of  commo- 
dity. Health  indeed  is  a  pretious  thing,  to  recover  and  pre- 
serve which,  we  will  undergo  any  misery,  drink  bitter  potions, 
freely  give  our  goods ;  restore  a  man  to  his  health,  his  purse  lies 

a  Aflfectus  nunc  appetivae  potentiae,  nunc  rationalis ;  alter  cerebro  residet,  alter  he- 
pate,  corde,  &c.  i"  Cor  varie  inclinatur,  nunc  gaudens,  nunc  moerens ;  statim  ex 
timore  nascitnr  zelotypia,  furor,  spes,  desperatio.  «  Ad  utile  sanitas  refertur ;  , 
ntilium  est  ambitio,  cupido,  desiderium,  potius  quam  amor,  excessus,  avaritia.  ^  Pi- 
colom.  grad.  7.  cap.  1.  «  Lib.  de  atnicit.  Utile  mundanum,  carnale  jncundum, 
spirituale  honestum.  f  Ex  singulis  tribus  fit  caritas  et  araicitia,  quae  respicit  Deum 
et  prosimum. 


1G3  Love-Melanrlwly .  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I. 

open  to  tlico;  bountiriill  lie  is,  llinnkfull  and  bchaKliiii»-  to 
tlico;  but  give  Iiiinwcaltli  and  honour,  give  bini  gold,  or  what 
shall  be  for  his  ad\  aiitag;e  and  preferment,  and  thou  shalt  com- 
mand his  aft'ections,  oblige  him  efernally  to  thee,  heart,  hand, 
life,  and  all,  is  at  thy  service  ;  thou  art  his  dear  and  loving^ 
friend,  gooci  and  gracious  lor<l  and  master,  his  Maecenas  ;  he 
is  thy  slave,  ihy  \  assail,  most  devote,  atfectioned,  and  bound 
in  all  duty-  Tell  him  gootl  tydiiig-sin  this  kinde,  there  spoke 
an  angel,  a  blessed  hour  that  brings  in  gain;  he  is  thy  crea- 
ture, and  thou  his  creator;  he  hugg-es  and  admires  thee;  he  is 
thine  for  ever.  No  loadstone  so  attractive  as  that  of  profit ; 
none  so  fair  an  object  as  this  of  gold  :  =* nothing  wins  a  man 
sooner  then  a  good  turn;  bounty  and  liberality  command  body 
and  soul. 

Munera  (crede  mihi)  placant  hominesque  Deosque  : 
Placatur  doiiis  Jupiter  ipse  datis. 

Good  turns  do  pacitie  both  God  and  men. 
And  Jupiter  himself  is  won  by  them. 

Gold,  of  all  other,  is  a  most  delitious  object ;  a  sweet  light, 
a  goodly  lustre  it  hath  ;  f/ratius  anrvm  guam  solem  intiiemury 
Baith  Austin,  and  we  had  rather  see  it  then  the  sun.  8weet 
and  pleasant  in  getting,  in  keeping,  it  seasons  all  our  labours  : 
intolerable  pains  we  take  for  it,  base  imployment,  endure 
bitter  flouts  and  taunts,  long  journeys,  heavy  burdens ;  all 
are  made  light  and  easie  by  tliis  hope  of  gain. 

— —at  mihi  plaudo 
Ipse  domi,  siniul  ac  nuimnos  contemplor  in  area. 

The  sight  of  gold  refresheth  our  spirits,  and  ravisheth  our 
hearts,  as  that  Babylonian  garment  and  ''golden  wedge  did 
Achan  in  the  camp  ;  the  very  sight  and  hearing  sets  on  fire  bis 
soul  with  desire  of  it.  It  Mill  make  a  man  run  to  the  Anti- 
podes, or  tany  at  home  and  turn  parasite,  lye,  flatter,  prosti- 
tute himself,  swear  and  bear  false  witness  ;  he  will  venture  his 
body,  kill  a  king,  murther  his  father,  and  damn  his  soul  to 
come  at  it.  J^ormosior  anri  mastsa,  as  "^  he  well  observed,  the 
mass  of  gold  is  fairer  then  all  your  Grecian  pictures,  that 
Apelles,  Phidias,  or  any  doting  painter,  could  ever  make:  we 
are  enamoured  with  it, 

•^  Prima  fete  vota,  et  cunctis  notissima  templis, 
Divitiae  ut  crescant. 

All  our  labours,  studies,  endeavours,vows,  prayers  and  wishes, 
are  to  get  it,  how  to  compass  it. 

a  Benefactores  prsecipue  amamus.     Vives,  3.  de  aiiinia.        ''Jos.  7.  <^  Petronius 

Arbiter.  '  Jiivinalis. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.  ]  Objects  of  Love.  169 

"  Heec  est  ilia  ciii  famulatur  maximus  orbis, 
'    Diva  potens  rerum,  domitrixque  Pecunia  fati. 

This  is  the  great  g-oddess  we  adore  and  m  orship :  this  is  the 
sole  object  of  our  desire.  If  we  have  it,  as  we  think,  we  are 
made  for  ever  thrice  happy,  princes,  lords,  &c.  If  we  lose 
it,  we  arc  dull,  heavy,  dejected,  discontent,  miserable,  despe- 
rate, and  mad.  Our  estate  and  bene  esse  ebbs  and  flows  M-ith 
our  commodity ;  and  as  we  are  endowed  or  enriched,  so  are 
we  beloved  and  esteemed  :  it  lasts  no  longer  then  our  wealth; 
when  that  is  gone,  and  the  object  removed, farewell  friendship  : 
as  long  as  bounty,  good  cheer,  and  rewards,  were  to  be  hoped, 
friends  enough  ;  they  were  tied  to  thee  by  the  teeth,  and  would 
follow  thee  as  crows  do  a  carcass  :  but,  when  thy  goods  are 
gone  and  spent,  the  lamp  of  their  love  is  out;  and  thou  shalt 
be  contemned,  scorned,  hated,  injured.  ''Lucians  Timon, 
when  he  lived  in  prosperity,  was  the  sole  spectacle  of  Greece, 
onely  admired;  who  but  Timon?  Every  body  loved, honoured, 
applauded  him ;  each  man  offered  him  his  service,  and 
sought  to  be  kin  to  him :  but  when  his  gold  was  spent,  his 
fair  possessions  gone,  farewell  Timon ;  none  so  ugly,  none  so 
deformed,  so  odious  an  object  as  Timon ;  no  man  so  ridiculous 
on  a  sudden  :  they  gave  him  a  penny  to  buy  a  rope;  no  man 
would  know  him. 

'Tis  the  generall  humour  of  the  world;  commodity  steers  our 
affections  throughout ;  we  love  those  that  are  fortunate  and 
rich,  that  thrive,  or  by  whom  we  may  receive  mutuall  kind- 
ness, hope  for  like  curtesies,  get  any  good,  gain  or  profit; 
hate  those,  and  abhor,  on  the  other  side,  which  are  poor  and 
miserable,  or  by  whom  we  may  sustain  loss  or  inconvenience. 
And  even  those  that  were  now  familiar  and  dear  unto  us,  our 
loving  and  long  friends,  neighbours,  kinsmen,  allies,  with 
whom  we  have  conversed  and  lived  as  so  many  Geryons  for 
some  years  past,  striving  still  to  give  one  another  all  good 
content  and  entertainment,  with  mutual  invitations,  feastings, 
disports,  offices,  for  whom  we  would  ride,  run,  spend  our 
selves,  and  of  whom  we  have  so  freely  and  honourably  spoken, 
to  whom  we  have  given  all  those  turgent  titles,  and  magnifi- 
cent elogiums,  most  excellent  and  most  noble,  worthy,  wise, 
grave,  learned,  valiant,  &c.  and  magnified  beyond  measure — 
if  any  controversie  arise  betwixt  us,  some  trespass,  injury, 
abuse,  some  part  of  our  goods  be  detained,  a  piece  of  land 
come  to  be  litigious,  if  they  cross  us  in  our  suit,  or  touch  the 
string  of  our  commodity,  we  detest  and  depress  them  upon  a 


'Joh.  Secund.  lib.  sylvarum.  hLucianns,  Timon. 


170  Love.'jyielancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

sUiIJen  :  neither  affinity,  consanguinity,  or  old  acquaintance 
can  contain  us,  but  "  riipto  jecore exierit  caprificus.  A  golden 
apple  sets  altogether  by  the  ears,  as  if  a  marrow  bone  or  hony 
comb  were  flung-  amongst  bears:  fatiier  and  son,  brother  and 
sister,  kinsmen  are  at  odds  :  and  look,  what  malice,  deadly 
hatred,  can  invent,  that  shall  be  done, 

Terribiie,  dirum,  peslilens,  atrox,  ferum  : 

mutuall  injuries,  desire  of  revenge,  and  how  to  hurt  them,  him 
and  his,  are  all  our  studies.  If  our  pleasures  be  interruj)t,  we 
can  tolerate  it ;  our  bodies  hurt,  we  can  put  it  up  and  be  recon- 
ciled ;  but  touch  our  commodities,  we  are  most  impatient: 
fair  becomes  foul,  the  Graces  are  turned  to  Harpyes,  friendly 
salutations  to  bitter  imprecations,  mutuall  feastiugs  to  plotting 
villanies,  minings  and  counterminings  ;  good  words  to  satyres 
and  invectifes;  we  revile  e  contra  ;  nought  but  his  imperfec- 
tions are  in  our  eyes  ;  he  is  a  base  knave,  a  divel,  a  monster, 
a  caterpiller,  a  viper,  an  hog-rubber,  &c. 

Desinit  in  piscem  mulier  formosa  superne  : 

This  scene  is  altered  on  a  sudden  ;  love  is  turned  to  hate, 
mirth  to  melancholy :  so  furiously  are  we  most  part  bent,  our 
affections  fixed  upon  this  object  of  commodity,  and  upon 
money,  the  desire  of  which  in  excess  is  covetousness.  Ambi- 
tion tyraunizeth  over  oursouls,as  ''I  have  shewed,  and  in  defect 
crucifies  as  much ;  as,  if  a  man  by  negligence,  ill  husbandry, 
improvidence,  prodigality,  waste  and  consume  his  goods  and 
fortunes,  beggery  follows,  and  melancholy;  he  becomes  an 
abject,  "^  odious,  and  u'orsefAew  an  injidel,  in  not  providing  Jbr 
hisfamily. 

SUBSECT.  II. 

Pleasant  Objects  of  Love. 

X  LEASANT  objects  are  infinite,  whether  they  be  such 
as  have  life,  or  be  without  life.  Inanimate  are  countries, 
provinces,  towers,  towns,  cities,  as  he  said,  '^  Pulcherrimam 
insulam  videmus,  etiam  cum  non  videmus;  we  see  a  fair 
island  by  description,  when  we  see  it  not.  The 'sun  never 
saw  a  fairer  city,  Thessala  Tempe,  orchards,  gardens,  plea- 
sant walks,  groves,  fountains,   &c.      The  heaven   it  self  is 


»  Pers.  bpart.  1.  sect.  2,  memb.  3.  sub.  12.  ,'  1  Tira.  5.  8.  «>Lip». 

epist.  Camdeno.  *  licland  of  St  Edmondsbury. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]         Objects  of  Love,  171 

said  to  be  ''fair  or  foul;  fair  buildings,  ''fair  pictures,  all  arti- 
iiciall,  elaborate,  and  curious  works,  clothes,  give  an  admir- 
able lustre  :  we  admire,  and  gaze  upon  them,  utpueri  Jmionis 
avem,   as  children  do  on  a  peacock,  a   fair  dog,  a  fair  horse 
and   hawk,   &c.      (^Thessalus  amat  eqnum  pullinum,  bucu- 
lum  ^yypthis,   Lacedcemonius  catulum,  cVc.)  such  things  we 
love,  are  most  gracious  in  our  sight,  acceptable  unto  us,  and 
whatsoever  else  may  cause  this  passion,  if  it  be  superfluous 
or  immoderately  loved,  asGuiauerius  observes.     These  things 
in  themselves  are  pleasing  and  good,  singular  ornaments,  ne- 
cessary, comely,  and  tit  to  be  had;  but  when  we  fix  an  immo- 
derate eye,  and  dote  on  them  over  much,  this  pleasure  may 
turn  to  pain,  bring  muc!i  sorrow  and  discontent  unto  us,  work 
our  final  overthrow,  and  cause  melancholy  in  the  end.   Many 
are  carried  away  with  those  bewitching'  sports  of  gaming,  hawk- 
ing, hunting,  and  such  vain  pleasures,'^ as  I  have  said  ;  some 
with  immoderate  desire  of  fame,  to  be  crowned  in  the  Olym- 
picks,  knighted  in  the  field,  &c.  and  by  these  means  ruinate 
themselves.      The  lascivious  dotes  on  his  fair  mistress,  the 
glutton  on  his  dishes,  which  are  infinitely  varied  to  please  the 
palate,  the  epicure  on  his  severall  pleasures,  the  superstitious 
on  his  idol,  and  fats  himself  with  future  joys,  as  Turks  feed 
themselves  with  an  imaginary  perswasion  ofasensuall  paradise: 
so  severall  pleasant  objects  diversely  affect  divers  men.     But 
the  fairest  objects  and  entisings  proceed  from  men  themselves, 
which  most  frequently  captivate,  allure,  and  make  them  dote 
beyond  all  measure  upon  one  another,  and  that  for  many 
respects:  first,  as  some  suppose,  by  that  secret  force  of  stars, 
[quod  me  tibi  temperat  astruml:)  they  do  singularly  dote  on 
such  a  man,  hate  such  again,  and  can  give  no  reason  for  it. 
«JVow  amo  ie,  Sabidi,  ^c.     Alexander  admired  Hephaestion, 
Adrian  Antinoiis,  Nero  Sporus,  &c.     The  physicians  refer  this 
to  their  temperament ;  astrologers  to  trine  and  sextile  aspects, 
or  opposite  to  their  severall  ascendents,  lords  of  their  geui- 
tures,  love  and  hatred  of  planets;  "^^Cicogna,  to  concord  and 
discord  of  spirits;  but  most  to  outward  graces.     A  merry  com- 
panion is  welcome  and  acceptable  to  all  men  ;  and  therefore, 
saith  sGomesius,  princes  and  great  men  entertain  ^'esters  and 
players  commonly  in  their  courts.     But  Spares  cum  paribus 
Jacillime  congregantur ;  'tis  that '  similitude  of  manners  which 
ties  most  men  in  an  inseparable  link,  as,  if  they  be  addicted  to  the 


aCoeluin  serenum,  coelum  visn  foedoni.     Polyd.  lib.  1.  de  Anglia.  ''Credo  equi- 

dem,  vivos  ducent  e  marraore  vuitus.                «  Max.  Tyrius,  ser.  9.  <iPart.  1. 

sec.  2.  memb.  3.               «Mart.                fOmnif.  mag.  lib.  12.  cap.  3.  gDe  sale 

genial),  I.  3.  c.  15.                      i>Theod.  Prodroraus  amor.  lib.  3,  '  Simiiitndo 
morum  parit  amicitiam. 


172  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

sainn  studies  or  tlisports,  they  delight  in  one  anothers  compa- 
nies; birds  of  a  feather  will  f fat  her  together;  if  they  be  of 
dirers  inclinations,  or  opposite  in  manners,  they  can  seldome 
agree.  Secondly,  ^affability,  custome,  and  familiarity,  may 
convert  nature  many  times,  thoug^h  they  be  different  in  man- 
ners, as,  if  they  be  country-men,  tellow-students,  colleag-ues, 
or  have  been  fellow-souldiers,  ''brethren  in  affliction,  (^acerha 
calamitatnm  socielas  diversi  etiam  inyenii  homines  conjunqit) 
affinity,  or  some  such  accidentall  occasion  :  though  they  can- 
not agree  amongst  themselves,  they  will  stick  together  like 
burrs,  and  hold  against  a  third  :  so  after  some  discontinuance, 
or  death,  enmity  cciseth  ;  or  in  a  forrain  place. 

Pascitur  in  vivis  liver,  post  fata  quiescit : 
Et  cecidere  odia,  et  tristes  mors  obruit  iras. 

A  third  cause  of  love  and  hate  may  be  mutuall  offices,  accep- 
tnm  henefcium ;  "*  commend  him,  use  him  kindly,  take  his 
partin  a  quarrell,  relieve  him  in  his  misery  ;  thou  winncst  him 
for  ever;  do  the  opposite,  and  be  sure  of  a  perpetuall  enemy. 
Praise  and  dispraise  of  each  other  do  as  much,  though  un- 
known, as  '^  Schoppius  by  Scaliger  and  Casaubonus  :  muliis 
mulurn  scahit  ;  who  but  Scaliger  with  him?  what  encomions, 
epithetes,  elogiums!  Antistes  sapientico,  perpetuus  dictator ^ 
liternrum  ornamentum,  Europce  miraculum,  noble  Scalig'er, 
incredibilis  ingenii  prcestantia,  ^'c.  Diis  potius  quam  homi- 
nihusper  omnia  comparandus  :  scripta  ejus  aurea,  ancilia  de 
coelo  delapsa,  poplitibus  veneramur fexis,  ^-c.  But  when  they, 
began  to  vary,  none  so  absurd  as  Scaliger,  so  vile  and  base, 
as  his  books  de  Burdomim  familid  and  other  satyricall  invec- 
tives may  witness.  Ovid,  in  Ibin,  Archilochus  himself,  was 
not  so  bitter.  Another  great  tye  or  cause  of  love,  is  consan- 
guinity ;  parents  .ire  dear  to  their  children,  children  to  their 
parents,  brothers  and  sisters,  cosens  of  all  sorts,  as  an  hen  and 
chickens,  all  of  a  knot :  every  crow  thinks  her  own  bird  fairest. 
Many  memorable  examples  are  in  this  kinde  ;  and  'tisportenti 
simile,  if  they  do  not :  '  a  mother  cannot  forget  her  child;  Salo- 
mon so  found  out  the  true  owner:  love  of  parents  may  not  be 
concealed:  'tis  naturall,  descends;  and  they  that  are  inhumane 


a'Vives.  3.  de  Anima.  ''Qui  sinuil  fecure  naiifragium,  aut  una  pertulere 

vincula,  vel  conailii  coojurationisve  societate  junguntur,  invicem  atnant:  Brutum  et 
Cassium  invicem  infensos  Caisarianas  dominatus  conciliavit  vEmiliiis  Lepidus  et 
Julius  Flaccus,  quum  essent  ininiicissimi,  ceusores  renimciati,  simultates  illicn  depo- 
suere.     Scultet.  cap.  4.  de  caussa  amor.  ''Papinius.  •' Isocrates 

Demonico  praecipit,  ut,  quam  alicujus  aniicitiam  vellet,  ilium  laudet,  quod  laus  initium 
amoris  sit,  vituperatio  siuiultatum.  "^  Suspect,  lect.  lib.  1,  cap,  2.  '  Isay,  49. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.J     Honest  Objects  of  Love.  173 

in  this  kinde,  are  unworthy  of  that  air  they  breath,  and  of  the 
four  elements :  yet  many  unnatiirall  examples  we  have  in  this 
rank,  of  bard-hearted  parents,  disobedient  children,  of  ^dis- 
ap-reeinw- brothers;  nothings©  common.  The  love  of  kinsmen 
is  grown  cold  :  mmty  kinsmen  (as  the  saying  is.) Jjeic  friends. 
If  thine  estate  be  good,  and  thou  be  able  par  pari  referre,  to 
requite  their  kindness,  there  will  be  mutuall  correspondence; 
otherwise  thou  art  a  burden,  most  odious  to  them  above  all 
others.  The  last  object  that  tyes  man  and  man,  is  comeliness 
of  person,  and  beauty  alone,  as  men  love  women  with  a  wanton 
eye;  which  "ar*  i^oxfiv  is  termed /ieroica//,  or  Love-Melancholy. 
Other  Loves  (saith  ''Picolomineus)  are  so  called  with  some 
contraction,  as  fhe  love  of  wine,  gold,  &c.  but  this  of  women 
is  predominant  in  an  higher  strain,  whose  part  affected  is  the 
liver  ;  and  this  love  deserves  a  longer  explication,  and  shall 
be  dilated  apart  in  the  next  section. 


SUBSECT.  IlL 

Honest  Objects  of  Love. 

JjEAUTY  is  the  common  object  of  all  love  ;  'as  jet  draws  a 
straw,  so  doth  beauty  lore:  vertne  and  honesty  are  great  mo- 
tives, and  give  as  fair  a  lustre  as  the  rest,  especially  if  they  be 
sincere  and  right,  not  fucate,  but  proceedinw-  from  true  form, 
and  an  incorrupt  judgement.  Those  two  Venus  twins,  Eros 
and  Anteros,  are  then  most  firm  and  fast.  For  many  times 
other  wise  men  are  deceived  by  their  flattering  Gnathoes,  dis- 
sembling camelions,  outsides,  hypocrites,  that  make  a  shew 
of  great  love,  learning,  pretend  honesty,  vertue,  zeal,  modesty, 
with  affected  looks  and  counterfeit  gestures  :  fained  protesta- 
tions often  steal  away  the  hearts  and  favours  of  men,  and  de- 
ceive them,  specie  virtutis  et  umbra,  when  as,  reverd  and  in- 
deed, there  is  no  worth  or  honesty  at  all  in  them,  no  truth,  but 
meer  hypocrisie,  subtilty,  knavery,  and  the  like.  As  true 
friends  they  are,  as  he  that  Coelius  Secundus  met  by  the  high 
way  side ;  and  hard  it  is,  in  this  temporising  age,  to  distinguish 
such  companions  or  to  finde  them  out.  Such  Gnathoes  as 
these  for  the  most  part  belong  to  great  men,  and  by  this  gloz- 
ing  flattery,  affability,  and  such  like  philters,  to  dive  and  in- 
sinuate into  their  favours,  that  they  are  taken  for  men  of  ex- 
cellent worth,  wisdome,  learning,  demi-gods,  and  to  screw 


»  Rara  est  Concordia  fratrum.  '' Grad.  1 .  cap.  22.  <=  Vives,  3.  de  AnimL 

Ut  paleam  succinum^  sic  formam  amor  trahit. 


174  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1 . 

themselves  into  dignities,  honours,  offices:  but  these  men 
cause  harsh  confusion  often,  and  as  many  stirs  as  Rehoboams 
counsellors  in  a  common-wealth,  overthrow  themselves  and 
others.  Tandlerus  and  some  authors  make  a  doubt,  whether 
love  and  hatred  may  be  compelled  by  philters  or  characters; 
Cardan,  and  Marbodius,  by  pretious  stones  and  amulets  ;  as- 
trologers, by  election  of  times,  &c.  as  ''I  shall  elsewhere  dis- 
cuss. The  true  object  of  this  honest  love  is  vertue,  wisdome, 
honesty,  ''reall  worth,  interna  forma  ;  and  this  love  cannot 
deceive  or  be  compelled  :  ut  ameris,  amabilh  esto ;  love  it 
self  is  the  most  potent  philtrum,  vertue  and  wisdome,  f/ratia 
ffratumjaciens,  the  sole  and  only  i>race,  not  counterfeit,  but 
open,  honest,  simple,  naked,  " descendinf/J'rovi  heaven,  as  our 
apostle  hath  it,  an  infused  habit  from  (iod,  which  lioth  given 
severall  gifts,  as  wit,  learning,  tongues,  for  which  they  shall 
be  amiable  and  gratious  {Eph.  4.  II),  as  (o  Saul  stature  and 
a  goodly  presence  (1  Sam.  9.  2)  :  Joseph  found  favour  in  Pha- 
raohs court  (Gen.  39)  for ''his  person;  and  Daniel  with  the 
princes  of  the  eunuchs  {Dan.  I.  9.)  Christ  was  gratious  with 
God  and  men  {L^ik.  2.  52).  There  isstill  some  peculiar  grace, 
as  of  good  discourse,  eloquence,  wit,  honesty,  winch  is  the 
primum  mobile,  first  mover,  and  a  most  forcible  loadstone  to 
draw  the  favours  and  good  wills  of  mens  eyes,  ears,  and  jiffec- 
tions  unto  them.  When  Jesus  spake,  they  were  all  astonied 
at  his  answers,  (Luk.  2.  47)  and  wondred  at  his  yrations 
words  which  proceeded  from  his  month.  An  orator  steals  away 
the  hearts  of  men,  and,  as  another  Orpheus,  cpio  vult,  wide 
vult,  he  puis  them  to  him  by  speech  alone :  a  sweet  voice 
causeth  admiration;  and  he  that  can  utter  himself  in  good 
words,  in  our  ordinary  phrase,  is  called  a  properman,  a  divine 
spirit.  For  which  cause,  belike,  our  old  \wcX^, senatns  j)apn- 
lusque  poetarum,  made  Mercury  the  gentleman-usher  to  the 
Graces,  captain  of  elo({uence,  and  those  Charities  to  be  Jupi- 
ters  andEurynomes  daughters,descendedfromabove.  Though 
they  be  otherwise  deformed,  crooked,  ugly  to  behold,  those 
good  parts  of  the  minde  denominate  them  fair.  Plato  com- 
mends the  beauty  of  Socrates ;  yet  m  ho  was  more  grim  of 
countenance,  stern  and  ghastly  to  look  upon  ?  So  are  and  have 
been  many  great  philosophers,  as  •^GregoryNazianzen  observes, 
deformed,  most  part,  in  that  which  is  to  be  seen  with  the  eyes, 
but  most  eleyant  in  that  which  is  not  to  be  seen. 
Scepe  sub  attrit^  latitat  sapienlia  veste. 
^sop,  Democritus,  Aristotle,  Politianus,  Melancthon,  Gesner, 

a.Sect.  seq.  h  >Ji}jj|  ^jviniiis  horoine  proho.  •■  James,  ;i.  17.  ^  Grafior 

i>«t  pnlchrn  veniens  *  corpore  virtus.  «  Orat.  \'^.  Ptrformn  plernmque  pliilosophi 

ad  id  qaod  in  aspertiiin  radit,  ra  parte  elegantes  qnw  onilos  fiigiL 


I 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.]       Honest  Objects  of  Lovei  175 

&c.  withered  old  men,  Silent  Alcihiadis,  very  harsh  and  im- 
polite to  the  eye  ;  but  who  were  so  terse,  polite,  eloquent,  ge- 
nerally learned,  temperate,  and  modest  ?  No  man  then  living 
was  so  fair  as  Alcibiades,  so  lovely,  quoad  stperficiem,  to  the 
eye,  as  '^  Boethius  observes  :  but  he  had  corpus  turpissimum 
interne,  a  most  deformed  soul.  Honesty,  vertue,  fair  condi- 
tions, are  great  entisers  to  such  as  are  well  given,  and  much 
avail  to  get  the  favour  and  good  will  of  men.  Abdolonymus, 
inCurtius,a  poorman  (but,  which  mine  author  notes,*'?/ieca?<«e 
of  this  poverty  teas  his  honest  if),f or  hin  modesty  and  continency, 
f'roma  private  person,  (for  they  found  him  digging  in  his  gar- 
den) was  saluted  king,  and  preferred  before  all  the  magnifi- 
coes  of  his  time :  injecta  ei  vestis  purpura  auroque  distincta  ; 
a  purple  embroidered  cjarment  was  put  upon  him,  "mid  theif 
bade  him  icash  himself  and,  as  he  was  icorthy,  take  upon  him 
the  stile  and  spirit  of  a  Ajw//,  continue  his  continency,  and  the 
rest  of  his  good  parts.  Titus  Pomponius  Atticus,  that  noble 
citizen  of  Rome,  was  so  fair  conditioned,  of  so  sv/eet  a  car- 
riage, that  he  was  generally  beloved  of  all  good  men,  of  Ceesar, 
Pompey,  Anthony,  Tully,  of  divers  sects,  &c.  mnltas  hocredi- 
tates  (d  Cornelius  Nepos  writes)  sold  bonitate  consequutus. 
Opera:  pretium  audire,  6^'c.  it  is  worthy  of  your  attention,  Livy 
cv'xes,^  you  that  scorn  all  hut  riches,  and  give  no  esteem,  to  ver- 
tue, except  they  be  wealthy  withall,  Q.  Cinci/matuii  had  but 
four  acres,  and,  by  the  consent  of  the  senate,  was  chosen  dic- 
tator of  Rome.  Of  such  account  were  Cato,  Fabritius,  Aris- 
tides,  Antoninus,  Probus,  for  their  eminent  worth  :  so  Caesar, 
Trajan,  Alexander,  admired  for  valour :  ^Hephsestion  loved 
Alexander,  but  Pannenio  the  king :  Titus  delicia  humani 
(jeneris,  and,  which  Aurelius  Victor  hath  of  Vespasian,  the 
dilling  of  his  time,  as  ■?  Edgar  Elhciinj^-  was  in  England,  for 
his  ''  excellent  vertues  :  their  memory  is  yet  fresh,  sweet;  and 
we  love  them  many  ages  after,  though  they  be  dead.  Suavem 
memoriam  sui  reliqnit.  saith  Lipsius  of  his  friend;  living  and 
dead  they  are  all  one.  'i  hare  ever  loved,  as  thou  knowest, 
(so  Tully  wrote  to  Dolabella)  Marcus  Brutus,  for  his  yreat 
wit,  singular  honesty,  constancy,  sweet  conditions;  and  believe 


•■'  43  de  consoi.  bCa„ssa  ei  paupertatis  pliilosophia,  sicut  plerisque  probitas  fuit. 

r  Ablne  corpus,  ct  rape  regis  auimiim,  et  in  earn  fortnnam,  qua  dignus  es,  continentiam 
istain  profer.  ■'■  Vita  ejus.  «"  Qui  pras  divitiis  hiitnana  spemunt,  nee  virtuti  locum 

putant,  nisi  opes  afflitaut.  Q.  Cinrinnatns  consensu  patrum  in  dictatorem  Roniannm 
electus.  fCurtius.  sEd^arEtheiing,  England's  darling.  ''Morum 

siiavitas,  obvia  coinitas,  prompta  officia,  mortaliuin  animoe  demerentur.  '  Epist. 

lib.  8.  Semper  atnavi,  nt  tu  scis,  M.  Brutum,  propter  ejus  sumnium  ingeniiim,  suavis- 
simog  mores,  singiilarem  piobitatem  et  constantiani :  nihil  fsi,  mibi  crede,  virtnte  for- 
iBosins,  nihil  amafailius. 


176  Love-Melancliobj.  [Parf.  3.  Sec.  I. 

iV,  -^  fhpfc  h  nntli'ntfi  so  amiabfc  and  Juir  as  rertuf.  I  ^  do 
mitflitllji  love  Calvisinus,  (so  Pliny  writes  to  Sossiiis)  «  most 
industrious,  vloqurut,  upriff/it  man  :  ir/iirh  is  all  in  nil  with 
me.  The  affection  came  from  his  oood  parts,  And,  as  S'. 
Austin  comments  on  tlieS4  Psalm,  "  there  is  a  peculiar  henutif, 
oy justice,  and  inward  beauty,  which  we  see  tcith  the  eyes  of 
our  hearts,  loce.  and  are  enamoured  with,  as  in  tnartifrs  : 
thouffh  their  bodies  he  torn  in  pieces  with  wild  heasts,  yrl  this 
beauty  shines,  and  we  love  their  vertues.  ''  The  Stoicks  are  of 
opinion  that  a  wise  man  is  only  fair;  and  Cato  (in  Tully,  .3, 
de  F'inibus)  contends  the  same,  that  the  lineaments  of  the 
minde  arc  far  fairer  than  those  of  the  body,  incomparably 
beyond  them  :  wisdom  and  valour,  according-  to  *^  Xeno[)hon, 
especially  deserve  the  name  of  beauty,  and  denominate  one 
fair;  et  incomparabiliter  pnlchrior  est  {i\H  Austin  holds)  Veri- 
tas Christianornm  (luam  Helena  Grcccornm.  Wine  is  strony ; 
the  kiny  is  sfrony  ;  women  are  strony  ;  hut  truth  overcomefh 
all  thinys  (1  Esd.  3.  10,  II,  1 2).  'Blessed  is  the  man  that 
findeth  wisdom,  and  yetteth  nnderstandiny  ;  for  the  merchan- 
dise thereof  is  better  then  silver,  and  the  yain  thereof  better 
then  yold;  it  is  more  pretious  then  pearls ;  and  all  the  thinys 
thou  canst  desire  are  not  to  he  compared  to  her  (Prov.  2.  13, 
14,  15).  A  wise,  true,  just,  upright,  and  good  man,  I  say  it 
again,  is  onely  fair.  'It  is  reported  of  Magdalen  Queen  of 
France,  and  wife  to  Lewis  lltn,  a  Scottish  woman  by  birth, 
that,  walking-  forth  in  an  evening  with  her  ladies,  she  spied 
M.  Alanus,  one  of  the  kings  chaplains,  asilh,  old,  "hard- 
favoured  man,  fast  asleep  in  a  bower,  and  kissed  him  sweetly; 
when  the  young  ladies  laughed  at  her  for  it,  she  replied,  that 
it  was  not  his  person  that  she  did  embrace  and  reverence, 
but,  with  a  Plator)ick  love,  the  divine  beauty  of '^  his  soul. 
Thus,  in  all  ages,  vertue  hath  been  adored,  aduiired  ;  a 
singular  lustre  hath  proceeded  from  it;  and  the  more  ver- 
tuous  he  is,  the  more  gratious,  the  more  admired.  No  man 
so  much  followed  upon  earth  as  Christ  himself;  and,  as  the 
Psalmist  saith  (45.2),  he  was  fairer  then  the  sons  oj'  men. 
Chrysostome  (Hom.  S.  in  Mat.)  Bernard  (Ser.  1.  de  omnibus 
A-artc//*),  Austin  Cassiodore,  Hier.  {ini)  Mat.)   interpret  it  of 


•  Ardentes  amores  excitaret.  si  simulacrom  ejus  ad  oculos  penetraret.     Plak),  Phas- 
done.  ''Epist.  lib.  4.     Validissime  diligo  vinim  rectum,  disertiim,  (|iiod  apiid  me 

potentissimnm  est  >'  Est  qiiafdani  piilrliriludo  justitiir,  (|iiiiin  videiiius  ucidiii  cor- 

dis, aniamus,  et  hxardescimiis.ut  in  niartyribus,quiini  foruiii  membra  bfstiae  lacerarenl, 
etai  alias  defurmes,  ^;c  ''  Lipsiiis  manudiic.  ad  Phys.  Stoic,  lib.  3.  ditf  17.  Solud 

sapiens  pulcher-         "^  Fortitndo  et  prndentia  pulrhritiidinis  landem  prfecipne  nierentur. 
'  Franc.    Ht- Iforist.  in  hist  an.  IWO  *  Erat  aiittiii  fade  del'ormis,  et  ea  toriiiH, 

qua  citiiis  piieri  terreri  possent.  i|uarii  invitari  ad  oacuium  puelhc.  ''Dcfurmis  i&tt; 

etai  xideatur  senex,  -iiv  iuum  animum  liabeL 


Meiu.  2.  Subs.  3.]         Honest  Objects  of  Love.  177 

the  =*beauty  of  his  person ;  there  was  a  divine  majestic  in  his 
looks ;  it  shined  like  lightning,  and  drew  all  men  to  it :  but 
Basil,  Cyril  {lib.  6.  super.  55.  Esay),  Theodoret,  Arnobius, 
&c.  of  the  beauty  of  his  divinity,  justice,  grace,  eloquence,  &c. 
Thomas  (in  Psal.  44)  of  both ;  and  so  doth  Baradius,  and 
Peter  Morales  (lib.  de  pulchritud.  lesu  et  Maries),  adding  as 
much  of  Joseph  and  the  Virgin  Mary, 

haec  alios  forra^  prsecesserit  oinnes, 

according  to  that  prediction  of  Sibylla  Cuma3a.  Be  they  pre- 
sent or  absent,  near  us,  or  afar  off,  this  beauty  shines,  and 
will  attract  men  many  miles  to  come  and  visite  it.  Plato  and 
Pythagoras  left  their  countrey,  to  see  those  wise  Egyptian 
priests:  Apollonius  travelled  into  ^Ethiopia,  Persia,  to  consult 
with  the  Magi,  Brachmanni,  Gymnosophists.  The  queen  of 
Sheba  came  to  visit  Solomon  ;  and  many,  saith  ^  Hierom, 
went  out  of  Spain  and  remote  places  a  thousand  miles,  to 
behold  that  eloquent  Livy;  "Multi  Romam,non  ut  urbem  pul- 
cherrimam,  aut  urbis  et  orbis  dominum  Octavianum,  sed  ut  hunc 
unum  inviserent  audirentque,  a  Gadibus  projecti  sunt.  No 
beauty  leaves  such  an  impression,  strikes  so  deep,  '^  or  links 
the  souls  of  men  closer  then  vertue. 

*  Non,  per  Decs,  aut  pictor  posset, 
Aut  statuarius  ullus,  fingere 
Talem  pulchritudinem,  qualem  virtus  babet : 

no  painter,  no  graver,  no  carver,  can  express  vertues  lustre, 
or  those  admirable  rayes  that  come  from  it,  those  enchanting 
rayes  that  enamour  posterity,  those  everlasting  rayes  that  con- 
tinue to  the  worlds  end.  Many,  saith  Phavorinus,  that  loved 
and  admired  Alcibiades  in  his  youth,  knew  not,  cared  not  for 
Alcibiades  a  man ;  nunc  intuentes  qucerebant  Alcibiadem : 
but  the  beauty  of  Socrates  is  still  the  same  ;  ^vertues  lustre 
never  fades,  is  ever  fresh  and  green,  semper  viva  to  all  suc- 
ceeding ages,  and  a  most  attractive  loadstone,  to  draw  and 
combine  such  as  are  present.  For  that  reason,  belike.  Homer 
feigns  the  three  Graces  to  be  linked  and  tied  hand  in  hand, 
because  the  hearts  of  men  are  so  firmly  united  with  such  graces. 
e  O  sioeet  bands,  (Seneca  exclaims)  ivhichso  happily  combine, 
that  those  which  are  bound  by  them  love  their  binders,  desiring ^ 


a  Fnlgebat  vultu  suo  fulgor,  et  divina  majestas  homines  ad  se  trahens.  ^  Praefat. 

bib.  valgar.  «  Pars  inscrip.  Tit.  Livii  statuae  Patavii.  d  A  true  loves  knot 

«  Stobaens,  e  Graeco.  f  SoHnns-     Pulchri  nulla  est  fades,  e  O  dulcissimi 

laqnei,  qui  tarn  feliciter  devinciunt.  ut  etiam  a  vinctis  diligantnr !  qui  a  Oratiis  vincti 
sunt,  capinnt  arctius  deligari,  et  ia  unum  redigi. 

VOL.  II.  N 


1/8  Love-Melancholif.  [Part.  5.  Sec.  1. 

withall,  much  more  harder  to  he  hound,  and,  as  so  many 
Geryons,  to  be  united  into  one.  For  the  nature  of  true  friend- 
ship is  to  coniljine,  to  be  like  affected,  of  one  minde, 

"*  Velle  et  nolle  ambobus  idem,  satiataque  toto 
Mens  oevo  - — 

as  the  Poet  saith,  still  to  continue  one  and  the  same.  And 
where  this  love  takes  place,  there  is  peace  and  (|uietness,  a 
true  correspondence,  perfect  amity,  a  diapason  of  vowes  and 
wishes,  the  same  opinions,  as  betwixt  ''David  and  Jonathan, 
Damon  and  Pythias,  PyladesandOrestes,^Nisusand  Euryalus, 
Theseus  and  Pirithous  :  '^they  will  live  and  die  together,  and 
prosecute  one  another  with  good  turns,  (^  nam  vinci  in  amore 
ttirpissimnm  putant)  not  only  living,  but,  when  their  friends 
are  dead,  with  tombs  and  monuments,  naenias,  epitaphs, 
elegies,  inscriptions,  pyramids,  obelisks,  statues,  images,  pic- 
tures, histories,  poems,  annals,  feasts,  anniversaries,  many 
ages  after  (as  Platos  schollers  did)  they  will  parentare  still, 
omit  no  good  office  that  may  tend  to  the  preservation  of 
their  names,  honours,  and  eternal  memory.  ^ Ilium  coloribus, 
ilium  cerd,  ilium  cpre,  SfC.  He  did  express  his  friends  in 
colours,  in  wax,  in  brass,  in  ivory ^  marble,  gold  and  silver, 
(as  Pliny  reports  of  a  citizen  in  Rome)  and  in  a  great  auditory, 
not  long  since,  recited  a  just  volume  of  his  life.  In  another 
place,  s  speaking  of  an  epigram  which  Martial  had  composed 
in  praise  of  him.  He  gave  him  as  much  as  he  might,  and 
tcould  have  done  more  if  he  could :  though  what  can  a  man 
give  more  then  honour,  glory,  and  eternity  ?  But  that  which 
he  tcrote,  peradventure,  tvill  not  continue  ;  yet  he  wrote  it 
to  continue.  'Tis  all  the  recompence  a  poor  scholler  can 
make  his  well  deserving  patron,  Maecenas,  friend,  to  mention 
him  in  his  works,  to  dedicate  a  book  to  his  name,  to  write  his 
life,  &;c.  as  all  our  poets,  orators,  historiographers,  have  ever 
done;  and  the  greatest  revenge  such  men  take  of  their  adver- 
saries, to  persecute  them  with  satyrs,  invectives,  &c.  ''and  'tis 
both  wayes  of  great  moment,  as 'Plato  gives  us  to  understand. 


aStatJus.  ''He  loved  biiii,  as  he  loved  his  own  soul,  1  Sara.  15.  1.     Bejond 

the  love  of  women.  ^  Virg.  9.  /Eii.    Qui  super  exaninjem  sese  conjecit  ainicum 

Confossus.  ''  Amicus  auims  dimidium.    Austin,  confess.  4.  cap.  6.     Quod  de 

Virgilio  Horatios,  Et  serves  animm  dimidium  mese.  t^^  Plioias.  'Ilium 

argento  et  auro,  ilium  ebore,  marmore  eftingit;  et  nuper,  ingenti  adhibito  auditorio, 
ingentem  de  vita  ejus  libruni  recitavit.    Epist  lib.  4.  epist.  G8.  K  Lib.  4.  ep.  61. 

Prisco  sue.  Dedit  mihi  quantum  potuit  maximum,  daturas  amplius,  6i  potuisset 
Tametsi  quid  homini  dari  potest  majus  qnam  gloria,  laus,  et  setemitas  ?  At  non  eruot 
forta!<se  qu»  scripsit.     Ille  tamen  scripsit,  tamqnam  essent  futura.  ''  For  genus 

irritabile  vatum.  'Lib.  13.  de  Lc^iidis.     IWiinUUiM  tinim  vim  habent,  Lc. 


Mem.  2.  Subs,  o.]         Honest  Objects  of  Love.  179 

Paulus  Jovius,  in  the  /ourth  book  of  the  life  and  deeds  of 
Pope  Leo  Decimus,  his  noble  patron,  concludes  in  these 
words :  ^  Because  I  cannot  honour  him  as  other  rich  men  doy 
with  like  endeavour^  affectioji  and  piety ^  I  have  undertaken 
to  write  his  life  ;  since  my  fortunes  will  not  give  me  leave  to 
make  a  more  sumptuous  monument^  I  will  perform  those  rites 
to  his  sacred  ashes,  which  a  small,  perhaps,  but  a  liberal 
wit  can  afford.  But  I  rove.  Where  this  true  love  is  wanting, 
there  can  be  no  firm  peace,  friendship  from  teeth  outward, 
counterfeit,  or  for  some  by  respects,  so  long  dissembled,  till 
they  have  satisfied  their  own  ends,  which,  upon  every  small 
occasion,  breaks  out  into  enmity,  open  war,  defiance,  heart- 
burnings, whispering,  calumnies,  contentions,  and  all  man- 
ner of  bitter  melancholy  discontents.  And  those  men  which 
have  no  other  object  of  their  love,  then  greatness,  wealth, 
authority,  &c.  are  rather  feared  then  beloved ;  nee  amant 
(/uemquam,  nee  amantur  ab  ullo :  and,  howsoever  born  with 
for  a  time,  yet,  for  their  tyranny  and  oppression,  griping, 
covetousness,currishhardness,folly,intemperance,imprudence, 
and  such  like  vices,  theyare  generally  odious,  abhorred  of  all, 
both  God  and  men. 

Non  uxor  salvum  te  vult,  non  filius :  omnes 
Vicini  oderunt  : 

wife  and  children,  friends,  neighbours,  all  the  world  forsakes 
them,  would  fain  be  rid  of  them,  and  are  compelled  many 
times  to  lay  violent  hands  on  them :  or  else  Gods  judgements 
overtake  them :  instead  of  Graces  come  Furies.  So,  when 
fair  •>  Abigail,  a  woman  of  singular  wisdome,  was  acceptable 
to  David,  Nabal  was  churlish  and  evil-conditioned ;  and 
therefore  "'Mardochy  was  received,  when  Haman  was  exe- 
cuted, Haman  the  favorite,  that  had  his  seat  above  the  other 
princes,  to  whotn  all  the  Kings  servants,  that  stood  in  the 
gates,  bowed  their  knees  and  reverenced.  Though  they 
flourish  many  times,  such  hypocrites,  such  temporizing  foxes, 
and  blear  the  worlds  eyes  by  flattery,  bribery,  dissembling 
their  natures,  or  other  mens  weakness,  that  cannot  so  soon 
apprehend  their  tricks,  yet  in  the  end  they  will  be  discerned, 
and  precipitated  in  a  moment :  Surely,  saith  David,  thou  hast 
set  them  in  slippery  places,  (Psa.  73.  18) :  as  so  many  Sejani, 
they  will  come  down  to  theGemonian  scales ;  and,  as  Eusebius 
in 'I  Aramianus,   that   was   in   such    authority,  ad  Jubendum 


»Pan  tamen  studio  et  pietate  conscribendae  vitae  ejas  munus  suscepi;  et  postqnam 
aumptuosa  condere  pro  fortuna  non  licuit,  exigno  sed  eo  forte  liberalis  ingenii  mona- 
mento  ju3ta  sanctissuno  cineri  aolventtir.  b  1  Sam.  25.  3.  c  Estlier,  3  2. 

''Amm.  Marcelliniis,  1,  14. 

n2 


180  Love-Melancholy.  [Fart.  3.  Sec.  1. 

imperatorcrn,  be  cast  down  Ijeadlon^  on  a  sudden.  Or  put 
case  they  escape,  and  rest  unmasked  to  their  lives  end,  yet, 
after  their  death,  their  memory  stinks  as  a  snuffe  of  a  candle 
put  out ;  and  those  that  durst  not  so  mucli  as  mutter  afrainst 
them  in  theirlives,will  prosecute  their  name  with  satyrs,  libels, 
and  bitter  imprecations :  they  shall  male  audire  in  all  succeed- 
ing ages,  and  be  odious  to  the  worlds  end. 


MEMB.  III. 

Charity  composed  of  all  three  kindsj  Pleasant,  Profitable, 
Honest, 

DESIDES  this  love  that  comes  from  profit,  pleasure, 
honesty,  (for  one  good  turn  asks  another  in  equity)  that 
Avhich  proceeds  from  the  law  of  nature,  or  from  discipline  and 
philosophy,  there  is  yet  another  love  compounded  of  all  these 
three,  which  is  charity,  and  includes  piety,  dilection,  bene- 
volence, friendship,  even  all  those  vertuous  habits  ;  for  love 
is  the  circle  equant  of  all  other  affections  (of  which  Aristotle 
dilates  at  large  in  his  Ethicks),  and  is  commanded  by  God, 
which  no  man  can  well  perform,  but  he  that  is  a  Christian, 
and  a  true  regenerate  man.  This  is  ^To  love  God  above  all 
and  our  neighbour  as  our  self;  for  this  love  is  lychnus  accendens 
et  accensus^  a  communicating  light,  apt  to  illuminate  it  self  as 
well  as  others.  AH  other  objects  are  fair,  and  very  beautiful, 
I  confess;  kindred,  alliance,  friendship,  the  love  that  we  owe 
to  our  country,  nature,  wealth,  pleasure,  honour,  and  such 
moral  respects,  &c.  of  which  read  ^  copious  Aristotle  in  his 
Morals:  a  man  is  beloved  of  a  man,  in  that  he  is  a  man  ;  but 
all  these  are  far  more  eminent  and  great,  when  they  shall  pro- 
ceed from  a  sanctified  spirit,  that  hath  a  true  touch  of  religion, 
and  a  reference  to  God.  Nature  binds  all  creatures  to  love 
their  young  ones :  an  hen,  to  preserve  her  brood,  will  run 
upon  a  lion  ;  an  hinde  will  fight  with  a  bull,  a  sow  with  a 
bear,  a  silly  sheep  with  a  fox.  So  the  same  nature  urgeth  a 
man  to  love  his  parents,  (*  Dii  me,  pater,  omnes  oderint,  ni  te 
mayis  quam  oculos  amem  meos  I)  and  this  love  cannot  be  dis- 
solved, as  Tully  holds, ''  ivithovt  detestable  offence :  but  much 
more    Gods    commandment,    which    injoyns   a   filial   love, 


^Utmundus  duobua  polis  snstentutiir,  ita  lex  Dei,  ainore  Dei  et  proximi ;  daobna 
his  fandamentis  vincitiir  ;  machioa  mundi  comiit,  si  una  de  polis  tiirbatur ;  lex  perit 
divina,  si  una  ex  his.  *>S.  et  9.  libro.  iTer.  Adelph.  4.  5  d  De  atiiicit. 

Caritas  parenttmi  diliii  nisi  detrstabili  srclere  non  p"t?st. 


Mem.  S.]  Division  of  Love.  181 

and  an  obedience  in  this  kind.  ^The  love  of  brethren  is  great, 
and  like  an  arch  of  stones^  where  if  one  he  displaced,  all  comes 
down  :  no  love  so  forcible  and  strong,  honest,  to  the  combina- 
tion of  which,  nature,  fortune,  vertue,  happily  concur;  yet  this 
love  comes  short  of  it. 

Duloe  et  decorum  pro  patria  raori : 

^  it  cannot  he  expressed,  what  a  deal  of  charity  that  one  name 
of  country  contains. 

Amor  laudis  et  patriae  pro  stipendio  est. 

The  Decii  did  se  devovtre,  Horatii,  Curii,  Scaevola,  Regulus, 
Codrus,  sacrifice  themselves  for  their  countries  peace  and  good. 

^  Una  dies  Fabtos  ad  btllum  miserat  omnes  : 
Ad  helium  missos  perdidti  una  dies. 

One  day  the  Fabii  stoutly  warred, 
One  day  the  Fabii  were  destroyed. 

Fifty  thousand  Englishmen  lost  their  lives  willingly  neer  Battle 
Abby,  in  defence  of  their  country.  '^P.  ^niilius  (1.  6.)  speaks  of 
six  senators  of  Calice,  that  came  with  halters  in  their  hands  to 
the  king  of  England,  to  die  for  the  rest.  This  love  makes  so 
many  writers  take  such  pains,so  many  historiographers,  physi- 
cians, &c.  or  at  least  as  they  pretend,  for  common  safety,  and 
their  countries  benefit.  ^'Sanctnm  nomen  amicitice,  sociorum 
communio  sacra :  friendship  is  an  holy  name,  and  a  sacred  com- 
munion of  friends.  ^  As  the  sim  is  in  thejirmament,  so  is  friend- 
ship m#/tewor/c?,amostdivineandheavenlyband.  Asnuptial 
love  makes,  this  perfects  mankind,  and  is  to  be  preferred  (if  you 
will  stand  to  the  judgement  of  §  Cornelius  Nepos),  before  affi- 
nity, or  consanguinity;  plus  in  amicitid  valet  similitiido  morum, 
quam  affinita^,  S^-c.  the  cords  of  love  bind  faster  then  any  other 
wreath  whatsoever.  Take  this  away,  and  take  all  pleasure,  joy, 
comfort,  happiness,  and  true  content,  out  of  the  world  ;  'tis  the 
greatest  tye,  the  surest  indenture,  strongest  band,  and,  as  our 
modern  Maro  decides  it,  is  much  to  be  preferred  before  the  rest. 

''  Hard  is  the  doubt,  and  difficult  to  deem, 
When  all  three  kinds  of  love  together  meet 
And  do  dispart  the  heart  with  power  extream. 


^Fraternita8  lapidum    fornicibiis    simillima,    casura,   nisi    se  invicem  sustentaret. 
Seneca.  •>  Dii  immortales  !  dici  non  potest  quantum  caritatis  nomen  illnd 

habet  ^  Qvid.  Fast.  <i  Anno  1347.  Jacob.  Mayer.  Annal.  Fland. 

lib.  12.  fTully.  f  Lucianus,  Toxari.     Amicitia  ut  sol  in  mundo,  &c. 

g  Vit.  Pompon.  Attici.  h  Spencer,  Fairy  Queen,  lib.  5.  cant.  9.  staft".  1.  2. 


182  Love-Metanchohj.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  I. 

Whether  shall  weigh  the  balance  down  ;  to  wit, 
The  dear  affection  unto  kindred  sweet, 
Or  raging:  fire  of  love  to  women  kind, 
Or  zeal  of  friends,  conibin'd  by  vertues  meet  : 
But  of  them  all,  the  band  of  vcrtnous  mind, 
Me  thinks,  the  gentle  heart  should  most  assured  bind. 

For  natural  affection  soon  doth  ceas(\ 

And  quenched  is  with  Cupids  greater  flame; 

But  faithful  fricndsliip  dotli  tlirm  both  suppress, 

And  them  with  mastering  discipline  doth  tame, 

Through  thoughts  aspiring  to  eternal  fame. 

For,  as  the  soul  doth  rule  the  earthly  mass, 

And  all  the  service  of  the  body  frame, 

So  love  of  soul  doth  love  of  body  pass, 
No  less  then  perfect  gold  surmounts  the  meanest  brass. 

^  A  faitlifull  friend  is  belter  then  ^g-old,  a  medicine  of  mi- 
sery, "^^  an  only  possession  :  yet  this  love  of  friends,  nuptial, 
heroical,  profitabie,  pleasant,  honest,  all  three  loves  put  to- 
gether, are  little  worth,  if  they  proceed  not  from  a  true  Chris- 
tian illuminated  soul,  if  it  be  not  done  in  ordhie  ad  Deiimy 
for  Gods  sake.  Thoitf/h  I  had  the  (jift  of  prophesie,  spake 
with  tovffves  of  men  and  angels,  though  I  feed  the  poor  with 
all  my  goods,  give  my  body  to  he  burned,  and  have  not  this 
love,  it  projiteih  me  nothing  (1  Cor.  13.  1,  3)  :  'tis  splendidum 
peccatum,  withotit  charity.  This  is  an  all  apprehending- 
Jove,  a  deifying-  love,  a  refined,  pure,  divine  love,  the  quin- 
tessence of  all  love,  the  true  philosophers  stone :  no n  potest 
enim,  (as  ''Austin  infers)  veraciter  amicus  esse  hominis,  7iisi 
J'nerit  ipsius  primitiis  verilatis :  he  is  no  true  friend  that 
loves  not  Gods  truth.  And  therefore  this  is  true  love  indeed, 
the  cause  of  all  good  to  mortal  men,  that  reconciles  all  crea- 
tures, and  glews  them  together  in  perpetual  amity,  and  firm 
league,  and  can  no  more  abide  bitterness,  hate,  malice,  then 
fair  and  foul  weather,  light  and  darkness,  sterility  and  plenty, 
may  be  together.  As  the  sun  in  the  firmament,  (I  say),  so  is 
love  in  the  world;  and  for  this  cause  'tis  love  without  an  ad- 
dition, love,  xar  £|o;){;»!v,  love  of  God,  and  love  of  men.  *  The 
love  of  God  begets  the  love  of  man  ;  and  by  this  love  of  our 
neighbour,  the  love  of  God  is  nourished  and  increased.  By  this 
happy  union  of  love,  ^ all  well  governed  families  and  cities 
are  combined,  the  heavens  annexed,  and  divine  souls  compli- 
cated, the  world  itself  composed,  and  all  that  is  in   it  con- 


'Siracides.  •'Plutarch.     Pretiosum  nnmisma.  <  Xenophon.     Venia 

amicus  prtPstantissinia  possessio.  "^  Ejjist.  5*2.  >"  Creg.   Per  aniorem  Dei, 

proximi  gignitiir  ;  et  per  hunc  araoreni  proximi,  Dei  nutritiir.  fPicoloinineos, 

gTdd.  7.  cap.  -27.     Hoc  felici  amoris  nodo  ligantur  iamilisc,  civitatei.,  &c. 


Mem.  3.]  Charity,  IS 3 

Joined  in  God,  and  reduced  to  one.  *  This  love  canseth  true  and 
absolute  vertues,  the  life,  spirit,  and  root  of  everif  vertuous 
action :  it  finisheth  prosperity,  easeth  adversity,  corrects  all 
natural  incumbrances,  inconveniences,  sustained  by  faith  and 
hope,  which,  with  this  our  love,  make  an  indissoluble  twist; 
a  Gordian  knot,  an  aequilateral  triang'le ;  and  yet  the  greatest  of 
them  is  love,  (1  Cor.  13, 13)  ^ichich  infames  our  souls  with  a 
divine  heat,  and  being  so  inflamed,  purgeth,  and,  so  purged,  ele- 
vates to  God,  makes  an  attonement,  and  reconciles  us  unto  him. 
'  That  other  love  infects  the  soul  of  man  ;  this  clean^eth:  that 
depresses;  this  erears:  that  causeth  cares  and  irouhles  ;  this 
quietness  of  mind :  this  informs,  that  deforms  vvrlfe:  that 
leads  to  repentance,  this  to  heaven.  For,  if  once  we  be  truly 
link't  and  touched  with  this  charity,  we  shall  love  God  above 
all,  our  neighbour  as  ourself,  as  we  are  enjoyned  (Mark,  12.51, 
Mat.  19.  19),  perform  those  duties  and  exercises,  even  all  the 
operations  of  a  good  Christian. 

This  love  suffereth  long  :  it  is  bounfifull,  envieth  not, 
boasteth  not  it  self;  is  not  puffed  up  :  it  deceiveth  not  ;  it 
seeketh  not  his  own  things,  is  not  provoked  to  anger;  it  thinketh 
not  evil ;  it  rejoyceth  not  in  iniquity,  but  in  truth.  It  suffereth 
all  things,  believeth  all  things,  hopeth  all  things  (I  Cor.  13 
4,  5,  6,  7);  it  covereth  all  trespasses  (Prov.  ]0.  i2),  a  mul- 
titude ofsinnes  1  Pet.  4),  as  our  Saviuu"r  told  the  woman  in 
the  Gospel,  that  washed  his  feet,  many  sins  ivere  forgiven 
her,  for  she  loved  much  (Luke,  7.  47)  :  it  icill  defend  the 
fatherless  and  the  widdow  (Isa.  1.  17),  will  seek  no  revenge, 
or  be  mindful  of  ivrong,  (Levit.  19.  18),  ivill  bring  home 
his  brothers  oxeifhego  astray,  as  it  is  commanded  (Deut. 
22. 1),  will  resist  evil,  give  to  him  that  asketh,  and  not  turn 
from  him  that  borroiceth,  bless  them  that  curse  him,  love  his 
enemies  (Matthew  5),  bear  his  brothers  burthen,  (Galatians, 
6.  7).  He  that  so  loves,  will  be  hospitable,  and  distribute  to 
the  necessities  of  the  saints  :  he  will,  if  it  be  possible,  have 
peace  with  all  men,  feed  his  enemy  if  he  be  hungry,  if  he  be 
athirst,  give  him  drink:  he  will  perform  those  seven  works  of 
mercy;  he  will  make  himself  equal  to  them  of  the  loicer  sort, 
rejoyce  with  them  that  rejoyce,  tveep  with  them  that  tveep, 
(Rom.  12)  :  he  will  speak  truth  to  his  neighbour,  be  courteous 
and  tender  hearted,  forgiving  others  for  Christ  sake,  as 
God  forgave   him  (Eph.   4.    32) ;   he  will  be   like   minded 


*  Veras  absolutas  hasc  parit  virtutes,  radix  omnium  virtntuni,  'mens  et  spiritus. 
►>  Divino  calore  aniraos  incendit,  incensos  purgat,  purgatos  elevat  ad  Deiiin,  Deiim 
placat,  hominem  Deo  conciliat.     Bernard.  i"  Ille  infirit,  hie  perfirit ;  ille 

deprimit,  hie  elevat ;  hie  tranquillitatera,  ille  cuias  parit;  hie  vitam  recte  informat,  il]« 
deforinat,  &cc. 


184  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  1. 

(Phil.  2.  2),qf  one  judgement;  be  humble,  meek, long  sitfferingy 
lCo]os. 3), Jorbear,  forget,  andj'or give,  (lii.  13.  23)  :  ami  what 
he  (loth  shall  be  heartily  done  to  God,  and  not  to  men  ;  be 
pittij'ul  and  courteous  ( I  Pet.  ^),f<eek  peace  andj'olloic  it.  He 
will  love  his  brother,  not  in  Avord  and  tongue,  but  in  deed 
and  truth  (1  Job.  3.  18):  atid  he  that  loves  God,  Christ  wi/l 
love  him  that  is  begotten  of  him  (1  Joh.  5. 1.  &c.)  Thus  should 
we  willingly  do,  if  we  had  a  true  touch  of  this  charity,  of  this 
divine  love,  if  we  would  perform  this  which  we  are  enjoyned, 
forget  and  forgive,  and  compose  ourselves  to  those  christian 
laws  of  love. 

*  0  felix  hominum  genus. 
Si  veslros  animos  Amor, 
Quo  coelum  regitur,  regat ! 

Angelical  souls,  how  blessed,  how  happy  should  we  be,  so 
loving,  how  might  we  triumph  over  the  divel,  and  have  an- 
other heaven  upon  earth  ! 

But  this  we  cannot  do ;  and,  which  is  the  cause  of  all  our 
woes,  miseries,  discontent,  melancholy,  ''want  of  this  charity. 
We  do  inviceni  ungariare,  contemn,  insult,  vex,  torture, 
molest,  and  hold  one  anothers  noses  to  the  grindstone  hard, 

{)rovoke,  rail,  scoffe,  calumniate,  challenge,  hate,  abuse  (hard- 
learted,  implacable,  malicious,  peevish,  inexorable  as  we  are) 
to  satisfie  our  lust  or  private  spleen,  for  '^toyes,  trifles,  and  im- 
pertinent occasions, spend  ourselves,  goods,  friends,  fortunes, 
to  be  revenged  on  our  adversary,  to  ruin  him  and  his.  'Tisall 
our  study,  practice  and  business,  how  to  plot  mischief,  mine, 
countermine,  defend  and  oft"end,Mard  ourselves,  injure  others, 
hurt  all;  as  if  we  were  born  to  do  mischief,  and  that  with  such 
eagerness  and  bitterness,  with  such  rancor,  malice,  rage,  and 
fury,  we  prosecute  our  intended  designs,  that  neither  affinity 
or  consanguinity,  love  or  fear  of  God  or  men,  can  contain  us: 
no  satisfaction,  no  composition,  will  be  accepted,  no  offices 
will  serve,  no  submission;  though  he  shall,  upon  his  knees,  as 
Sarpedon  did  to  Glaucus  in  Homer,  acknowledging  his  error, 
yield  himself  with  tears  in  his  eys,  beg  his  pardon,  we  will  not 
relent,  forgive,  or  forget,  till  we  have  confounded  him  and  his, 
m^ade  dice  of  his  bones,  as  they  say,  see  him  rot  in  prison, 
banish  his  friends  followers,  et  omne  invisum  genus,  rooted 
him  out,  and  all  his  posterity.  Monsters  of  men,  as  we  are, 
dogs,  wolves,  ''tygers,    fiends,   incarnate  divels,   we  do  not 


^  Bnethius,  lib.  "  met.  8.  ^  Peliquinni  patitnr  r  aritas  ;  pdiiim  ejus  loco  sue- 

cedit.  Basil.  I   ser  de  in»ti(.  mon.  '  Nodura  in  scirpo  qiiaerente."!.         "^  Hirranaeque 

admorunt  ubera  tigres. 


Mem.  3.]  Charity.  185 

only  contend,  oppress,  and  tyrannize  our  selves,  but,  as  so 
many  fire-brands,  we  set  on,  and  animate  others:  our  whole 
life  is  a  perpetual  combate,  a  conflict,  a  set  battle,  a  snarling 
fit :  Eris  Deais  settled  in  our  tents  :  ^  Omnicide  lite,  opposing- 
wit  to  wit,  wealth  to  wealth,  strength  to  strength,  fortunes  to 
fortunes,  friends  to  friends,  as  at  a  sea  fight,  we  turn  our 
broad  sides,  or  two  milstones  with  continual  attrition,  we  fire 
ourselves,  or  break  anothers  backs,  and  both  are  ruined  and 
consumed  in  the  end.  Miserable  wretches!  to  fat  and  in- 
rich  our  selves,  we  care  not  how  we  get  it :  Quocnnque  niodo 
rem  :  how  many  thousands  we  undo,  whom  we  oppress,  by 
whose  ruin  and  downfall  we  arise,  whom  we  injure,  fatherless 
children,  widdows,  common  societies,  to  satisfie  our  own  pri- 
vate lust.  Though  we  have  myriads,  abundance  of  wealth 
and  treasure,  (pittiless,  merciless,  remorseless,  and  unchari- 
table in  the  highest  degree)  and  our  poor  brother  in  need, 
sickness,  in  great  extremity,  and  now  ready  to  be  starved  for 
want  of  food,  we  had  rather,  as  the  fox  told  the  ape,  his  tail 
should  sweep  the  ground  still,  then  cover  his  buttocks  ;  rather 
spend  it  idly,  consume  it  with  dogs,  hawks,  hounds,  unneces- 
sary buildings,  in  riotous  apparel,  ingurgitate,  or  let  it  be  lost, 
then  he  should  have  part  of  it ;  ^  rather  take  from  him  that 
little  which  he  hath,  then  relieve  him. 

Like  the  dog  in  the  manger,  we  neither  use  it  our  selves,  let 
others  make  use  of,  or  enjoy  it;  part  with  nothing  while  Ave 
live,  and,  for  want  of  disposing  our  houshold,  and  setting 
things  in  order,  set  all  the  world  together  by  the  ears  after  our 
deatb.  Poor  Lazarus  lies  howling  at  his  gates  for  a  few  crums; 
he  only  seeks  chippings,  offals;  let  him  roar  and  howl,  famish, 
and  eat  his  own  flesh  ;  he  respects  him  not.  A  poor  decayed 
kinsman  of  his  sets  upon  him  by  the  way  in  all  his  jollity,  and 
runs  begging  bareheaded  by  him,  conjuring  by  those  former 
bonds  of  friendship, alliance,  consanguinity,  &c.unkle,  cosen, 
brother,  father, 

Per  ego  has  lacrymas,  dextramque  tuam,  te, 

Si  quidquam  de  te  merui,  fuit  aut  tibi  quidquam 
Dulce  meum,  miserere  mei. 

Shew  some  pitty,  for  Christs  sake;  pitty  a  sick  man,  an  old 
man,  &c.  he  cares  not,  ride  on:  pretend  sickness,  inevitable 
loss  of  limbs,  goods,  plead  suretiship,  or  shipwrack,  fires,  com- 
mon calamities,  shew  thy  wants  and  imperfections, 


3  HeracHtus.  h  Si  in  gehennam  abit  pauperem  qui  non  alat,  quid  de  eo  fiet  qui 

pauperera  denodat  ?  Austin. 


18C  LoteMelanehohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

Etsi  per  sanctum  juratus  dicat  Osirim, 
Credite,  noa  Iiido  :  crudeles,  tollilo  clauduin  : 

Swear,  protest,  take  God  and  all  his  anj^els  to  witness, — qucrre 
perecjrhunn  ;  thou  art  a  counlcrf(;it  crank,  a  cheater  ;  he  is  not 
touched  with  it:  pmipcr  uhique  jacct ;  ride  on,  he  takes  no 
notice  of  \t.  Put  up  a  supph'cation  to  him  in  the  name  of  a 
thousand  orphans,  an  liospital,  a  spittle,  a  prison  ;  as  lie  goes 
by,  they  cry  out  to  him  for  ayd  ;  ride  on;  snrdo  nttrraft ;  he 
cares  not;  let  them  eat  stones,  devour  themselves  MJth  vcr- 
niinc,  rot  in  their  own  dung- ;  he  cares  not.  Shew  him  a  de- 
cayed haven,  a  bridge,  a  school,  a  fortification,  Hkc.  or  some 
public  work  ;  ride  on ;  g-ood  your  worship,  your  honour,  for 
Gods  sake,  your  countries  sake  ;  ride  on.  But  shew  him  a 
role  wherein  his  name  shall  be  registered  in  golden  letters,  and 
commended  to  all  posterity,  his  arms  set  up,  with  his  devises 
to  be  seen,  then  peradventure  he  will  stay  and  contribute  :  or 
if  thou  canst  thunder  upon  him,  as  Papists  do,  with  satisfactory 
and  meritorious  works,  or  pcrswade  him  by  this  means  he 
shall  save  his  soul  out  of  hell,  and  free  it  from  purgatory  (if 
he  be  of  any  religion),  then  in  fill  likebhood  he  will  listen 
and  stay;  or  tliat  he  have  no  children,  no  neer  kinsman,  heir, 
he  cares  for  at  least,  or  cannot  Avell  tell  otlserwise  how  or 
where  to  bestow  his  possessions  (for  carry  them  Avith  him  he 
cannot)  it  may  be  then  he  will  build  some  school  or  hospitall 
in  his  life,  or  be  induced  to  give  liberally  to  pious  uses  alter 
his  death.  For  I  dare  boldly  say,  vain  glory,  that  opinion  of 
merit,  and  this  enforced  necessity,  Avhen  they  know  not  other- 
wise how  to  leave,  or  what  better  to  do  with  them,  is  the 
main  cause  of  most  of  our  good  works.  I  will  not  urge  this  to 
derogate  from  any  mans  charitable  devotion,  or  bounty  in  this 
kinde,  to  censure  any  good  work  ;  no  doubt  there  be  many 
sanctified,  heroical,  and  worthy  nu'nded  tupu,  that  in  true  zeal, 
and  for  vertues  sake  (divine  spirifs)  that  out  of  commiseration 
and  pitty,  extend  their  liberality,  and,  as  much  as  in  them  lies, 
do  good  to  all  men,  cloath  the  naked,  feed  the  hungry,  con)fort 
the  sick  and  needy,  relieve  all,  forget  and  forgive  injuries,  as 
true  charity  requires ;  yet  most  part  there  is  sinndahm  f/itirf, 
a  deal  of  hypocrisie  in  this  kinde,  much  default  and  defect, 
*  Cosmus  Medicos,  that  rich  citixen  of  Florence,  ingenuously 
confessed  to  a  neer  friend  of  his,  that  would  know  of  him  why 
he  built  so  many  |)ubl  ike  and  magnificent  palaces,  and  bestowed 
so  liberally  on  scholars,  not  that  he  loved  learning  more  then 
others,   Imt  to   ^UUrmzp  his  rnrn  vame,  to  he  hnmortall  l>y 

'.lovin8,  vita  ejus.  *>  linmorlalitHtpni,  bpripfrrio  literRrnm  imiiirrtiiii,  Rlorinsa 

qiiajlnm  ciipiflitate  conciipivif.  QiioH  rivtsquibus  benefcrisstt  j)crituii.  inauia  ruilnra, 
etsi  rrgiosuniptu  .rdificata,  non  libri. 


Mem.  3.]  Charity.  187 

the  benefit  of  scholars :  for,  when  his  friends  were  dead,  ualh 
decayed,  and  all  inscriptions  ffone,  books  would  remain  to  the 
worlds  end.  The  lanthorn  in  ^Athens  was  built  by  Xenocles, 
the  theater  by  Pericles,  the  famous  port  Pyr?eeiis  by  Musicles, 
Pallas  Palladium  by  Phidias,  the  Pantheon  by  Calhcratidas; 
but  these  brave  monuments  are  decayed  all,  and  ruined  long 
since,  their  builders  names  alone  flourish  by  mediation  of  writers. 
And,  as  bhe  said  of  that  Marian  oke,  now  cut  down  and  dead, 
iiullius  ayricola:  manu  culia  stirps  tarn  diutiirna.  quam  quce 
■poetce  versu  seminari  potest,  no  plant  can  grow  so  long-  as  that 
which  is  ingenio  sata,  set  and  manured  by  those  ever-living 
wits.  '^Ailon  Backuth,that  weeping  oke,  under  which  Deborah, 
Rebecchaes  nurse  died,  and  was  buried,  may  not  survive  the 
memory  of  such  everlasting  monuments.  Vainglory  and  emu- 
lation (as  to  most  men)  was  the  cause  efficient,  and  to  be  a 
trumpeter  of  his  own  fame,  Cosmus  sole  intent,  to  do  j'ood, 
that  all  the  world  might  take  notice  of  it.  Such,  for  the  most 
part,  is  the  charity  of  our  times,  such  our  benefactors,  Maece- 
nates  and  patrons.  SheAV  me,  amongst  so  many  myriads,  a 
truly  devout,  a  right  honest,  upright,  meek,  hundjlca  patient, 
innocuous,  innocent,  a  mercifull,  a  loving,  a  charitable  man  ! 
'•Probus  quis 
Nobiscum  vivit? 
Shew  me  a  Caleb  or  a  Joshua! 

Die  mihi,  Masa,  virum 

shew  a  vertuous  woman,  a  constant  wife,  a  good  neighbour,  a 
trusty  servant,  an  obedient  child,  a  true  friend,  &c.  Crows  in 
Africk  are  not  so  scant.  He  that  shall  examine  this  ^  iron  age 
wherein  we  live,  where  love  is  cold,  et  Jam  terras  Astraa  re- 
liquit,  Justice  fled  with  her  assistants,  Vertue  expelled, 

Justitise  sorer, 

Incorrupta  Fides,  nudaque  Veritas, 
all  goodness  gone,  where  vice  abounds,  theDivel  is  loose,  and 
see  one  man  vilify  and  insult  over  his  brother,  as  if  he  were  an 
innocent  or  a  block,  oppress,  tyrannise,  prey  upon,  torture 
him,  vex,  gaule,  torment  and  crucify  him,  starve  him,  where 
is  charity  ?  He  that  shall  see  men  ^  swear  and  forswear,  lye 
and  bear  false  witness,  to  advantage  themselves,  prejudice 
others,  hazard  goods,  lives,  fortunes,  credit,  all,  to  be  revenged 
on  their  enemies,  men  so  unspeakable  in  their  lusts,  unnatu- 
rail  in  malice,  such  bloody  designments,  I|^gjian_b[as£heming, 

«  Plutarch.  Pericle.  b  Tullius,  lib.  1.  de  legibus,  ^  Gen.  35,  8. 

''Hor.  '"Durum  genus  sumus.  'TuU.  pro  Rose.    Mentiri  vis  caussa 

mea?  ego  vero  cupide  et  libenter  mentiar  tua  caussa;  et  si  quando  me  vis  pejerare,  ut 
paullalum  tu  compendii  facias,  paratom  f(»re  scito. 


188  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  1. 

Spani.sli  renouncing,  &c.  may  M'ell  aske  where  is  charity  ?  He 
that  shall  observe  so  many  lawsuits,  such  endless  contentions, 
such  plotting",  untlernnning,  so  much  mony  spent  with  such 
eagerness  and  fury,  every  man  for  himself,  his  own  ends,  the 
divel  for  all ;  so  many  distressed  souls,  such  laiuet»lable  com- 
plaints, so  many  factions,  conspiracies,  seditions,  oppressions, 
abuses,  injuries,  such  grudging,  repining,  discontent,  so  much 
emulation,  envy,  so  many  brawles,  (piarrels,  mononiachies,&c. 
may  well  require  what  is  become  of  charity  ?  m  hen  we  see  and 
read  of  such  cruell  wars,  tumults,  uproars,  blou«ly  battels,  so 
many  ''men  slain,  so  many  cities  ruinated,  «&c.  (for  what  else 
is  the  subject  of  all  our  stories  almost,  but  bills,  bowes,  and 
gunns  ?)  so  many  murders  and  massacres,  &c.  where  is 
charity  ?  Or  see  men  wholly  devout  to  God,  churchmen,  pro- 
fessed divines,  holy  men,  ^' to  make  the  trumpet  of  the  Gospel 
the  trumpet  of  war ^  a  company  of  hell-born  Jesuits,  and  fiery 
spirited  h'xexs^J'acem  prcrj'erre  to  all  seditions ;  as  so  many  fire- 
brands set  all  the  world  by  the  ears  (I  say  nothing  of  their 
conteniions  and  rayling  books,  whole  ages  spent  in  writing 
one  against  another,  and  that  with  such  virulency  and  bitter- 
ness, Bionms  sermonilms  et  sale  nufro)^  and  by  their  bloody 
inquisitions,  that  in  thirty  years,  Bale  saith,  consumed  39 
princes,  148  earls,  235  barons,  14755  commons;  worse  then 
those  ten  persecutions,  may  justly  doubt  where  is  charity  ?  Ob- 
secro  voi<,  quales  hi  demum  Christiani  ?  Are  these  Christians? 
I  beseech  you  tell  me.  Hethat  shall  observe  and  see  these  things, 
may  say  to  them  as  Cato  to  C8esar,c/ef/o,  quoi  de  inj'eris  dictintur^ 
falsa  e.vistimas;  sure  I  think  thou  art  of  opinion  there  isneither 
heaven  nor  hell.  Let  them  pretend  religion,  zeal,  make  what 
shewes  they  will,  give  almes,  peace-makers,  frequent  sermons; 
if  we  may  guess  at  the  tree  by  the  fruit,  they  are  no  better  then 
hypocrites,  epicures,  atheists;  with  the  ^fool^  in  their  hearts 
they  say  there  is  no  God.  'Tis  no  marvel  then,  if  being  so  un- 
charitable, hard-hearted  as  we  are,  we  have  so  frequent  and  so 
many  discontents,  such  melancholy  fits,  so  many  bitter  pangs, 
mutual!  discords,  all  in  a  combustion,  often  coiuplaints,  so  com- 
mon gv'\e\?i\\ceii^(yene\'d\\n\\Hc\\\eieii,sitant(einterristra()(cdice, 
(juibns  lahrfactatur  et  misere  laceratnr  humannm  genus,  so  many 
pestilences,  wars,  uproares,  losses,  deluges,  fires,  inundations, 
Gods  vengeance  and  all  the  plagues  of  Egypt,  come  not  upon 
us,  since  we  are  so  currish  one  towards  another,  so  respeclless 
of  God  and  oiu"  neighbours,  and  by  our  crying  sinnes  pull 
these  miseries  upon  our  own  heads.    Nay  more,  'tis  justly  to  be 

»  Gallienus,  in  Treb.  Pollio,  lacera,  occide,  iiiea  niente  irasccre.  Rabie  jecur  iiiceu- 
dcntp  feruntur  Praecipiles.  Vopiscus,  of  Anrelian.  Tautuin  fudit  sanguinis,  quanfnm 
qiiis  vini  potavit.  **  Evani(l>lii  tiibam  belli  tubara  t'aciuDt;  in  pnlpitis  pactinj  in 

colloquiis  bellum  siiadent.  ^  Psal.  14.  1. 


Mem.  a.]  Charity.  189 

feared,  which  a  Josephus  once  said  of  his  countrymen  Jewes, 
If  the  Romans  had  not  come  when  they  did,  to  sack  their  city^ 
surely  it  had  been  sicalloived  up  ivith  some  earthquake,  deluge, 
or  fired  frovi  heaven,  as  Sodome  and  Gomorrah  :  their  despe- 
rate malice^  icickedness  and  peevishness  teas  such.  'Tis  to  be 
suspected,  if  we  continue  these  wretched  waies,  we  may  look 
for  the  like  heavy  visitations  to  come  upon  us.  If  we  had  any 
sense  or  feeling  of  these  things,  surely  we  should  not  go  on  as 
we  do,  in  such  irregular  courses,  practise  all  manner  of  impi- 
eties; our  whole  carriage  would  not  be  so  averse  from  God.  If 
a  man  would  but  consider,  when  he  is  in  the  midst  and  full 
career  of  such  prodigious  and  uncharitable  actions,  how  dis- 
pleasing they  are  in  Gods  sight,  how  noxious  to  himself,  as 
Salomon  told  Joab  (1  King.  2)  ;  the  Lord  shall  bring  this 
hloud  upon  their  heads  (Pro v.  1.  27) :  sudden  desolation  and 
destruction  shall  come,  like  a  ivhirhcinde,  upon  them  :  afflic' 
tion,  anguish,  the  reward  of  his  hand  shall  be  given  him 
(Isa,  3.  11,  &c.) :  they  shall  Jail  into  the  pit  they  have  digged 
for  others:  and  when  they  are  scraping,  tyrannizing,  getting, 
wallowing  in  their  wealth, — this  night,  O  fool,  I  icill  take 
away  thy  soul — what  a  severe  account  they  must  make ;  and 
how  ''gratious  on  the  other  side  a  charitable  man  is  in  Gods 
eys;  haurit  sibi  gratiam :  (Matth.  5.  70  blessed  are  the  mer- 
cifull ;  for  they  shall  obtain  mercy:  he  that  lendeth  to  the 
poor,  gives  to  God;  and  how  it  shall  be  restored  to  them  again ; 
horv,  by  their  patience  and  long  suffering,  they  shall  heap 
coals  on  their  enemies  heads  (Rom.  12);  and  he  thatfolloweth 
after  righteousness  and  mercy,  shall  finde  righteousness  and 
glory  ; — surely  they  would  check  their  desires,  curb  in  their 
unnaturall,  inordinate  aifections,  agree  amongst  themselves, 
abstain  from  doing  evill,  amend  their  lives,  and  learn  to  do  well. 
Behold,  how  comely  and  good  a  thing  it  is  for  brethren  to  live 
together  in  ^  union :  it  is  like  the  pretious  ointment,  ^c.  How 
odious  to  contend  one  with  the  other!  ^ 3Iiseri  quid  luctatiun- 
culis  hisce  volumus  ?  ecce  mors  supra  caput  est,  et  supremum 
illud  tribunal,  nbi  et  dicta  et  facta  nostra  examinanda  sunt. 
Sapiamus  !  Why  do  we  contend  and  vex  one  another.?  behold, 
death  is  over  our  heads;  and  we  must  shortly  give  an  account 
of  all  our  uncharitable  words  and  actions:  think  upon  it;  and 
be  wise !  * 


a  De  bello  Judaico,  lib.  6.  c.  16.  Puto,  si  Romani  contra  nos  venire  tardassent, 
ant  hiatu  terras  devorandam  fuisse  civitate.Ti,  aut  diluvio  perituram,  aut  fulraina,  nt 
Sodoma,  cum  incendio  passuram,  ob  desperatum  populi,  &c.  ^Benefacit 

animae  suae  virmisericors.  c  Concordia  magnae  res  crescunt ;  discordia 

maximae  dilabuutur.  ^  Lipsius. 


190  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

SECT.  II. 

MEMB.  I.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Herolcall  love  causing  Melanchohi.     His  Pedegree,  Power, 
and  Extent. 

XN  the  prcedeiit  section,  mention  was  made,  amongst  other 
pleasant  objects,  of  this  comeliness  and  beauty  which  pro- 
ceeds tVom  women,  that  causeth  heroicall  or  love-melancholy, 
and  is  more  eminent  above  the  rest,  and  properly  called  love. 
The  part  aftected  in  men  is  the  liver,  and  therefore  called  he- 
roicall, because  commonly  gallants,  noblemen,  and  the  most 
generous  spirits  are  possessed  with  it.     His  power  and  extent 
is  very  large ;  'and  in  that  twofold  division  of  love,  (ptM,y  and 
tfay,  ""those  two  Veneres  which  Plato  and  some  others  make 
mention  of,  it  is  most  eminent,  and  x-xr'  t^o^ny  called  Venus,  as 
I  have  said,  or  Love  it  self.     Which  although  it  be  denomi- 
j'  ^     nated  from  men,  and  most  eminent  in  them,  yet  it  extends  and 
ij-^  \>      sliews  it  self  in  vegetall  and  sensible  creatures,  those  incorpo- 
'\)JL  reall  substances  (as  shall  be  specified),  and  hath  a  large  domi- 

nion of  soveraignty  over  them.  His  pedegree  is  very  ancient, 
derived  from  the  beginning  of  the  world,  as  "^Phaedrus  contends, 
and  his  '^parentage  of  such  antiquity,  that  no  poet  could  ever 
finde  it  out.  Hesiod  makes  ^  Terra  and  Chaos  to  be  Loves 
parents,  before  the  Gods  were  born  : 

Ante  Decs  omnes  primum  generavit  Amorera. 
Some  think  it  is  the  selfsame  fire  Prometheus  fetched  from 
heaven.  Plutarch  (aniator.  libello,)  will  have  love  to  be  the 
son  of  Iris  and  Favonius  ;  but  Socrates,  in  that  pleasant  dia- 
logue of  Plato,  when  it  came  to  his  turn  to  speak  of  love,  (of 
which  subject  Agatho  the  rhetorician,  viagniloquus  ^gatho, 
that  chanter  Agatho,  had  newly  given  occasion)  in  apoeticall 
strain,  telleth  this  tale — When  Venus  was  born,  all  the  Gods 
were  invited  to  a  banquet,  and  amongst  the  rest,  '^Porus,  the 
God  of  bounty  and  wealth.  Penia,or  Poverty  came  a  beggino- 
to  the  door;  Porus,  well  whitled  with  nectar,  (for  there  was 
no  wine  in  those  daies)  walking  in  Jupiters  garden,  in  a  bowre 
met  with  Penia,  and  in  his  drink  got  her  with  child,  of  whom 
was  born  Love;  and,  because  he  was  begotten  on  Venus  birth 

»  Memb.  1.  Subs.  2.  b  Amor  et  amicitia.  c  Phsedrus,  orat  in  laudem 

Amoris,  Platonis  convivio.  <■  Vide  Boccaa.  de  Geneal.  Deoriim.  f  See  the 

morall  in  Plut,  of  that  fiction.  f  Affliientiae  Dens. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]        Lovers  Power  and  Extent.  191 

day,  Veiuis  still  attends  upon  him  The  moral  of  this  is  in 
^Ficinus.  Another  taleis  there  borrowed  out  of  Aristophanes — 
''In  the  beginning  of  the  world,  men  had  four  armes  and  four 
feet,  but  for  their  pride,  because  they  compared  themselves  with 
the  gods,  were  parted  into  halves  ;  and  now  perad venture  by 
love  they  hope  to  be  united  again,  and  made  one.  Otherwise 
thus,— '^  Vulcan  met  two  lovers,  and  bid  them  aske  what  they 
AVOuld,and  they  should  have  it;  but  they  made  answer,  O  Vul- 
c.ime,  faher  Deorum,  ^c.  O  Vulcan,  the  Gods  great  smith, 
we  beseech  thee  to  tvork  ns  anew  in  thy  fornace,  and  of  two 
make  ns  one ;  which  he  presently  did;  and  ever  since  true 
lovers  are  either  all  one,  or  else  desire  to  be  united.  Many  such 
tales  you  will  findein  Leon.  Hebraeus,  dial.  3.  and  their  morall 
to  t!iem.  The  reason  why  Love  was  still  painted  yong,  (as 
Phornutus  ^  and  others  will)  "  is  because  yonif  men  are  most 
apt  to  love:  soJ't,J'air,  and  fat,  because  suchfolkes  are  soonest 
taken:  naked,  because  all  true  affection  is  simple  and  open:  he 
smiles,  because  merry  and  given  to  delights:  hath  a  quiver,  to 
shew  his  power,  none  can  escape :  is  blinde,  because  he  sees 
not  where  he  strikes,  ichom  he  hits,  ^c.  His  power  and  so- 
verainty  is  expressed  by  *  the  poets,  in  that  he  is  held  to  be  a 
God,  and  a  great  commanding  God,  above  Jupiter  himself : 
Magnus  Dcemon,  as  Plato  calls  him,  the  strongest  and  merriest 
of  all  the  gods  according  to  Alcinous  and  s  Athenaeus.  Amor 
virorum  rex  et  Deum,  as  Euripides,  the  god  of  ^ods,  and  go- 
vernor of  men ;  for  we  must  all  do  homage  to  him,  keep  an 
holy  day  for  his  deity,  adore  in  his  temples,  worship  his  image, 
(numen  enim  hoc  non  est  nudum  nomen)  and  sacrifice  to  his 
altar,  that  conquers  all,  ''and  rules  all : 

'  Mallem  cum  leone,  cervo,  et  apro  iEtolico. 
Cum  Antseo  et  Stymphalicis  avibus  luctari, 
Quam  cum  Araore • 

I  had  rather  contend  with  bulls,  lions,  bears,  and  giants,  then 
with  Love ;  he  is  so  powerfull,  enforceth  all  to  pay  tribute  to 
him,  domineers  over  all,  and  can  make  mod  and  sober  whom  he 
list;  insomuch  that  Caecilius,  in  Tullies  Tusculanes,  holds  him 


a  Cap.  7.  Comment,  in  Plat,  conviviura.  •>  See  more  in  Valesius, 

lib.  3.  cont.  med.  et  cont.  13.  <=  Vives,  3.  de  anima.     Oramiis  te  ut 

tuis  artibus  et  caminis  uos  refingas,  et  ex  duobus  unum  facias  ;  quod  et  fecit,  et  exinde 
amatores  unum  sunt,  et  unum  esse  petunt.  dgee  more  in  Natalia 

Comes,  Imagin.  Deorum,  Philostratus  de  Iinaginibus,  Lilius  Giraldus,  Syntag.  de  Diis, 
Phornutus,  &c.  ejuvenis  pingitur,  quod,  amore  plerunique  juvenes 

capiuntur ;  sic  et  mollis,  formosus,  nudus,  quod  simplex  et  apertus  hie  affectus  ;  ridet, 
quod  oblectamentum  pr?e  se  ferat;  cum  pharetra,  &c.  f  A  petty  Pope, 

claves  habet  superorum  et  inferiorum,  as  Orpheus,  &c.  ?Lib.  1.3.  cap.  5. 

Dipnosoph.  ''  Regnat,  et  in  superos  jus  habet  ille  Deos.  Ovid.  >  Plautus. 


192  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

to  be  no  better  then  a  fool  or  an  idiot,  that  doth  not  acknow- 
ledg-e  Love  to  be  a  great  god. 

^  Cui  in  manu  sit  quern  esse  dementem  velit, 
Quern  sapere,  quera  in  morbum  i"jici,  &c. 

that  can  make  sick  and  cure  whom  he  list.  Homer  and  Ste- 
sichorus  were  both  made  blind,  if  you  will  believe ''Leon  He- 
brteus,  for  speaking  against  his  godhead:  and  though  Aristo- 
phanes degrade  him,  and  say  that  he  was  "^scornefully  rejected 
from  the  counccll  of  the  gods,  had  his  wings  clipped  besides, 
that  he  might  come  no  more  amongst  them,  and,  to  his  farther 
disgrace,  banished  heaven  for  ever,  and  confined  to  dwell  on 
earth,  yet  he  is  of  that '^ power,  majesty,  omnipotency,  and 
dominion,  that  no  creature  can  withstand  him. 

«  Imperat  Cupido  etiatn  Diis  pro  arbitrio, 
Et  ipsum  arcere  ne  armipotens  potest  Jupiter. 

He  is  more  then  quarter  master  with  the  gods, 

tenet 

Thetide  sequor,  umbras  jEaco,  coelum  Jove  : 

and  hath  not  so  much  possession,  as  dominion.  Jupiter  him- 
self was  turned  into  a  satyre,  shepheard,  a  bull,  a  swan,  a 
golden  showre,  and  what  not,  for  love;  that,  as  *^Lucians 
Juno  right  well  objected  to  him,  Indus  Amoris  tu  es,  thcu  art 
Cupids  wherlegigg:  how  did  he  insult  over  all  the  other  gods, 
Mars,  Neptune,  Pan,  Mercury,  Bacchus,  and  the  rest!  §Lu- 
cian  brings<in  Jupiter  complaining  of  Cupid,  that  he  could  not 
be  quiet  for  him  ;  and  the  Moon  lamenting  that  she  was  so 
impotently  besotted  on  Endymion  ;  even  Venus  herself  con- 
fessing as  much,  how  rudely  and  in  what  sort  her  own  son  Cu- 
pid had  used  her,  being  his  ''mother,  ?iow  draichif/  her  to 
viount  Ida,Jor  the  love  of  that  Trojan  Anchises,  now  to  Libanus 
for  that  Assyrian  youths  sake.  And,  although  she  threatnedto 
break  his  bow  and  arrowes,  to  clip  his  icings,  '  and  whipped 
him  besides  on  the  bare  buttocks  with  her  pantophle,  yet  all 
would  not  serve  ;  he  ivas  too  headstrong  and  unruly.  That 
monster  conquering  Hercules  was  tamed  by  him  : 

Quern  non  mille  ferse,  quem  non  Stheneleius  hostis, 
Nee  potuit  Juno  vincere,  vicit  Amor. 


aSelden.  proleg.  3.  cap.  de  Diis  Syris.  bDial.  3.  <=  A  concilio 

Deorum  rejectiis,  et,  ad  mp.iorem  ejus  iRoominiam,  &c-  ^  Fulmine  conci- 

tatior.  t  Sophocles.  f  Tom.  4.  eDial.  Deornm,  torn.  3.  '•  Quippe 

tnatrem  ipsius  quibus  raodis  me  afficit,  nunc  in   Idniu  adigens  Anchisae   caussa  &c. 
'  Jampridero  et  plagas  ipsi  in  nates  incu.ssi  iinudalio. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]      Love's  Power  mtd  Extent.  IDS 

Whom  neither  beasts  nor  enemies  could  tame, 
Nor  Junes  might  subdue.  Love  quell'd  the  same. 
Your  bravest  souldiers  and  most  generous  spirits  are  enervated 
with  \t,^ubi  muliehrihus blanditiis permittunt  se,  et mquhiantur 
amplexibus.  Apollo,  that  took  upon  him  to  cure  all  diseases, 
"could  not  help  himself  of  this;  and  therefore  '^  Socrates  calls 
Love  a  tyrant,  and  brings  him  triumphing-  in  a  chariot,  whom 
Petrarche  imitates  in  his  triumph  of  Love,  and  Fracastorius 
in  an  elegant  poem  expresseth  at  large,  Cupid  riding.  Mars 
and  Apollo  following  his  chariot.  Psyche  weeping,  &c. 

In  vegetall  creatures  what  soveraignty  Love  hath,  by  many 
pregnant  proofs  and  familiar  examples  may  be  proved,  espe- 
cially of  palm  trees,  which  are  both  he  and  she,  and  express 
not  a  sympathy,  but  a  love-passion,  and  by  many  observations 
hath  beeii  confirmed. 

**  Vivunt  in  Venerem  frondes,  omnisque  vicissim 
FeHx  arbor  amat,  nutantet  mutua  palniae 
Foedera,  populeo  suspirat  populus  ictu, 
Et  platano  platanus,  ainoque  assibilat  alnus. 
Constantino  de  Agric.  lib.  10.  cap.  4-  gives  an  instance  out 
of  Florentius  his  Georgicks,  of  a  palm  tree  that  loved  most 
fervently,  ^and  would  not  be  comforted  untill  such  time  her 
love  applied  himself  unto  her;  you  might  see  the  two  trees  bend, 
and  of  their  own  accords  stretch  out  their  boughs  to  embrace 
and  kiss  each  other  ;  theg  icill  give  manifest  signs  ofmutuall 
love.  Anmiianus  Marcellinus  lib.  24.  reports  that  they  marry 
one  another,  and  fall  in  love  if  they  grow  in  sight ;  and  when 
the  winde  brings  the  smell  to  them,  they  are  marvelously  af- 
fected. Philostratus  in  Imaginibus,  observes  as  much,  and 
Galen,  lib.  6.  de  locis  ajfeciis,  cap.  5.  they  will  be  sick  for 
love,  ready  to  dye  and  pine  away;  which  the  husband-men 
perceiving,  saith  ^Constantine,  stroke  many  palms  that  grow 
together,  and  so  stroking  again  the  palm  that  is  enamoured^ 
they  carry  kisses  from  the  one  to  the  other :  or  tying  the  leaves 
and  branches  of  the  one  to  the  stem  of  the  other,  will  make 
them  both  flourish  and  prosper  a  great  deal  better:  ^ivhich 
are  enamoured,  they  can  perceive  by  the  bending  of  boughs, 
and  inclination  of  their  bodies.     If  any  man  think  this  which 


a  Altopilus.  fol.  79.  bNullis  amor  est  medicabilis  herbis.  c  Plutarch, 

in  Amatorio.     Dictator  quo  create  cessatit  reliqui  magistratus.  d  Claudian. 

descrip.  vener.  aulae.  *  Neque  prius  in  iis  desiderium  cessat  dum  dejectus  con- 

soletur;  videre  euim  est  ipsam  arborem  incurvatani,  ultro  ramis  ab  utrisque  vicissim 
osculum  exporrectis.     Manifesta  dant  mutui  desiderii  signa.  f  Multas  palmas 

contingens  quae  simul  crescunt,  rnrsusque  ad  amaatem  regrediens,  eamque  manu  attin- 
gens,  quasi  osculum  niutuo  ministrare  videtur,  et  espediti  concubitus  gratiara  facit. 
KQuam  veto  ipsa  desideret,  affectu  ramoruni  significat,  et  ad  illam  respicit ; 
amantur,  &c. 

VOL.  II.  O 


1 94  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

I  say,  to  be  a  talo,  let  him  read  tliat  story  of  two  palm  trees  in 
Italy,  the  male  growino^  at  Brundusium,  the  female  at  Otranto 
(related  by  Joviauus  Pontanus  in  au  excellent  poem,  some- 
times tutor  to  Alphonsus  junior,  king  of  Naples,  his  secre- 
tary of  state,  and  a  great  philosopher),  w/<jc/i  icere  barren,  and 
so  cont'mued  a  tony  time,  till  they  came  to  see  one  another 
growing  up  higher,  though  many  stadiums  asunder.  Pierius 
in  his  Hieroglyphicks,  and  3Ielchior  Guilandinus,  Memh.  o- 
tract.  de  papi/ro,  cites  this  story  of  Pontanus  for  a  truth.  See 
more  in  Salmutli, Co/«me/i^.  in Pancirol.  de  Nova  repert.  Tit.  \ . 
de  novo  orhe,  Mizaldus,  Arcanorum  lib.  2.  Sands  Voyages, 
lib.  2.foL  103,  i'c. 

If  such  fury  be  in  vegetalls,  what  shall  we  think  of  sensible 
creatures,  how  much  more  violent  and  apparent  shall  it  be  in 
them  ? 

a  Omne  adeo  genus  in  terris  hominumque  ferarumque, 
Et  genus  eequoreum,  pecudes,  picteeque  volucres 
In  furias  igneraque  ruunt;  amor  omnibus  idem. 

All  kinde  of  creatures  in  the  earth, 

And  fishes  of  the  sea, 
And  painted  birds  do  rage  alike  ; 

This  love  bears  equal  sway. 

^  Hie  Deus  et  terras  et  maria  aha  domat. 

Common  experience  and  our  sense  will  inform  us  how  vio- 
lently brute  beasts  are  carried  away  with  this  passion,  horses 
above  the  rest, 

furor  est  insignis  equarum. 

■^  Cupid,  in  Luciaxi,  bids  Venus  his  mother  be  oj'  f/ood cheer,  Jor 
he  icas  now  familiar  with  lions,  and  oftentimes  did  get  on 
their  backs,  hold  them  b)/  the  mane,  and  ride  them  about  like 
horses,  and  they  rcouldjmcn  upon  him  with  their  tails.  Bulls, 
bears  and  boars  are  so  furious  in  this  kinde,  they  kill  one  an- 
other: but  especially  cocks,  'lions,  and  harts,  which  are  so 
fierce,  that  you  may  hear  thom  fight  half  a  mile  off,  saith 
'Turbevile,  and  many  times  kill  each  other,  or  compell  them 
toabandontherut,  that  they  may  remainmasters in  their  places; 
and  when  one  hat h  driven  his  corrivaU  aicay,  he  raiseth  his 
nose  uj)  in  the  ayr,  and  looks  aloft,  as  thouyhhe  yave  thanks  to 
nature^  which  aflords  him  such  great  delight.      How  birds 


»  Virg.  3.  Georg.  'i Propertius.  ''Dial.  Deoruni.     Confide,  mater,  leoniho* 

ipsis  farailiaris  jam  tactiis  sum,  et  saepe  cunscendi  eonini  terga  et  apprehendi  jnbds; 
*qiiornm  more  insidens  eos  agito,  et  illi  mihi  candis  adhiandiiinliir.  ^  Leones 

prae  amorp  fiirunL     Plin.  1.  8.  c.  16.     Arigt.  I.  6.  hist.  animaJ.  'Cap.  17.  of  his 

book  ef  liiintinii:. 


3iein.  1.  Subs.  I.]      Lure's  Power  and  Extent.  195 

are  affected  in  this  kind,  appears  out  of  Aristotle  ;  he  will  have 
them  to  sing  obfiituram  venerem^  for  joy,  or  in  hope,  of  their 
venery  which  is  to  come. 

a  Aerije  primum  volucres  te.  Diva,  tuumque 
Significant  initutu,  perculsas  corda  tua  vi. 

Irishes  pine  away  for  lore  and  wax  lean.,  if  ^  Gomesius's  au- 
thority may  be  taken,  and  are  rampant  too,  some  of  them : 
Peter  Gellius,  lib.  10.  de  hi^tf.  animal,  tells  wonders  of  a  tritou 
in  Epirus  :  there  was  a  well  not  far  from  the  shore,  where  the 
country  wenches  fetched  water,  they,  '^tritons,  stupri  caussd 
would  set  upon  them,  and  carry  them  to  sea,  and  there  drown 
them,  if  they  would  not  yeeld  ;  so  lore  tyrannizeth  in  dumb 
creatures.  Yet  this  is  naturally  for  one  beast  to  dote  upon 
another  of  the  same  kinder  but  what  strange  fury  is  that,  when 
a  beast  shall  dote  upon  a  man  ?  Saxo  Grammaticus,  lib.  10. 
Dav.  hist,  hath  a  story  of  a  bear  that  loved  a  woman,  kept  her 
in  his  den  a  long-  time,  and  begot  a  son  of  her,  out  of  v,hose 
loynes  proceeded  many  northern  kings  :  this  is  the  originall, 
belike,  of  that  common  tale  of  Valentine  and  Orson  :  Julian, 
Pliny,  Peter  Gellius  are  full  of  such  relations.  A  peacock  in 
Lucadia  loved  a  maid,  and  when  she  died,  the  peacock  pined. 
'■^A  dolphin  loved  a  boy  called  Hernias,  and  when  he  died,  the 
fish  came  upon  land,  and  so  perished.  The  like  addes  Gellius 
lib.  10.  cap.  22.  out  of  Appion,  ^^yypt.  lib.  15.  a  dolphin  at 
Puteoli  loved  a  child,  would  come  often  to  him,  let  him  get  on 
his  back,  and  carry  him  ^howi,^  and  when  by  sickness  the  child 
was  taken  away,  the  dolphin  died.  'Every  book  is  full  (saith 
Busbequius,  the  emperors  orator  v/ith  the  grand  senior,  not 
long  since,  ep.  3.  leyat.  Turc.)  and  yields  such  instances,  to  be- 
lieve ivhich  I  was  alwaies  afraid,  least  I  should  be  thought  to 
give  credit  to  fables,  untill  £  saw  a  lynx  which  I  had  from  As- 
syria, so  affected  towards  one  of  my  men,  that  it  cannot  be  de- 
nied, but  that  he  was  in  love  with  him.  When  my  man  was 
present,  the  beast  would  use  many  notable  enlisements,  and 
pleasant  motions,  and  when  he  was  going,  hold  him  back,  and 
look  after  him  when  he  was  gone,  very  sad  in  his  absence,  but 
most  jocund  when  he  returned:  and  ic hen  my  man  went  J^rom 


*  Lacretius.  ^  De  sale  lib.  1.  c.  21.     Pisces  ob  amorem  marcescnnt,  palles- 

cunt,  &.C.  '^Hauriendae  aquae  caassa  venieutes,  ex  insidiis  a  tritone  rompre- 

Iiensae,  &.c.  ''Plin.  1.  10.  c.  S.Quamque  oborta  tempestate  periisset  Hernias, 

in  sicco  piscis  esspiravit.  cPostquam  puermorbo  abiit,  et  ipse  delphiuus 

periit.  f  Pleni  sunt  libri  quibus  I'eree  in  homines  inflammatae  fneruut,  in  quibns 

ego  quidem  semper  assensam  sostinui,  veritus  ne  fabulosa  crederem ;  donee  vidi  lyncem 
quem  habui  ab  Assyria,  sic  affectum  ergaunum  de  meis  hominibus.  &c. 

o2 


19G  Luvc-Melaiicholy.  [Part.  3.  See.  il. 

me,  the  beast  expressed  his  lore  with  continual  sickness,  and 
after  he  had  pined  away  some  few  daies,  died.  Such  another 
story  he  hath,  oi'  a  crane  of  JMajorca,  that  loved  a  Spaniard, 
tliat  would  walk  any  way  with  liiin,  and  in  his  absence  seek 
abont  for  him,  make  a  noise  tliat  he  niig^ht  hear  her,  and 
knock  at  his  dore,  •'  and  when  he  took  his  last  J'arewell,  fa- 
viished herself.  Such  pretty  prankes  can  love  play  with  birds, 
tishes,  beasts  : 

(^  Coelestis  oethciis,  ponti,  terr.ie  claves  liabet  Venus, 
Solaque  istorum  omnium  imperium  obtinet.) 

and  if  all  be  certain,  that  is  credibly  reported,  with  the  spirits 
of  the  air,  and  divells  of  hell  themselves,  who  are  as  much  in- 
amored  and  dote  (if  I  may  use  that  word)  as  any  other  crea- 
tures whatsoever.  For  if  those  stories  be  true,  that  are  writ- 
ten of  incubus  and  succubus,  ofnymphes,  lascivious  faunes, 
satyrs,  and  those  heathen  gods  which  weredivels;  those  las- 
civious telchines,  o(  whom  the  Platonists  tell  so  many  fables  ; 
or  those  familiar  meetings  in  our  daies,  and  company  of  witches 
and  divels,  there  is  some  probability  for  it.  I  know  that  Biar- 
maunus,  TV'ierus  lib-  3.  cap.  19.  et  ^2-i.  and  some  others,  stoutly 
deny  it,  that  the  divel  hath  any  carnal  copulation  >vith  women; 
that  the  divel  takes  no  pleasure  in  such  facts;  they  be  meer 
phantasies,  all  such  relations  of  incubi,  succubi,  lyes  and 
tales;  but  Austin,  lib.  \5.  decivit.  Dei.  doth  acknowledge  it; 
Erastus  de  Lamiis,  Jacobus  Sprengerand  his  colleagues,  &c. 
•^^Zanchius,  cap.  16.  lib.  4.  de  oper  Dei.  Dandinus  in  Arist. 
de  Animd,  lib.  2.  Text.  29.  co7n.  30.  Bodin,  lib.  2.  cap.  7.  and 
Paracelsus  (a  great  champion  of  this  tenet  amongst  the  rest), 
which  give  sundry  peculiar  instances,  by  many  testimonies, 
proofs  and  confessions  evince  it.  Hector  Boethius  in  his 
Scottish  history,  hath  three  or  four  such  examples,  which  Car- 
dan confirms  out  of  him,  lib.  IG.  cap.  A3,  of  such  as  have  had 
fjimiliar  company  many  years  wilh  them,  and  that  in  the  habit 
of  men  and  women.  Philostratus,  in  his  fourth  book  devitd 
Apollonii,  hath  a  memorable  instance  in  this  kindc,  which  1 
may  not  omit,  of  one  Menippus  Lycius,  a  young-  man  25  years 
of  age,  that  going  betwixt  Cenchreas  and  Corinth,  met  such 
a  phantasm  in  the  habit  of  a  fair  gentlewoman,  which  taking 
Iiini  by  the  hand,  carried  him  houje  to  her  house,  in  the  sub- 
urbs of  Corinth,  and  told  him  she  was  a  rha?nician  by  birth, 
and  if  he  would  tarry  with  her,  "^  he  should  hear  her  sinrj  and 

aDesiderium  snum  testatns  post  inediani  aliquot  dieniin  interiit.  l*  Or- 

l>hpii8  hyinno  Yen.  <"  Qui  ha'c  in  atra;  liilis  aut  imaginationis  \  im  referre 

conati  sunt,  nihil  faciunt.  ''  Cantantem  audies  et  vinntn  bibes,  c^uale  antea 

ntinquain  bibisti ;  te  rjvalis  turbabit  nulliis  ;  pulchia  autem  pnlchro  contente  vivara,  ft 
moriar. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]      Loves  Power  and  Extent.  197 

play,  and  drink  such  wine  as  never  they  drank,  and  no  man 
should  molest  him  ;  hut  she  being  fair  and  lovely,  would  live 
and  die  with  him,  that  was  fair  and  lovely  to  behold.  The 
yong-  man,  a  philosopher,  otherwise  staid  and  discreet,  able  to 
moderate  his  passions,  though  not  this  of  love,  tarried  with  her 
a  while  to  his  great  content,  and  at  last  married  her,  to  whose 
weddino-,  amongst  other  guests,  came  Apollonius;  who,  by 
some  probable  conjectures,  found  her  out  to  be  a  serpent,  a 
lamia  ;  and  that  all  her  furniture  was  like  Tantalus  gold,  de- 
scribed by  Homer,  no  substance,  but  meer  illusions.  When 
she  saw  herself  descried,  she  wept,  and  desired  Apollonius  to 
besilent,  but  he  would  not  be  moved,  and  thereupon  she,  plate, 
house,  and  all  that  was  in  it,  vanished  in  an  instant :  ''many 
thousands  take  notice  of  this  fact,  for  it  teas  done  in  the  midst 
of  Greece.  Sabine,  in  his  comment  on  the  10th  of  Ovids  Me- 
tamorphosis, at  the  talc  of  Orpheus,  telleth  us  of  a  gentleman 
of  Bavaria,  that,  for  many  months  together,  bewailed  the  loss 
of  his  dear  wife ;  at  length  the  dive!  in  her  habit  came  and 
comforted  him  ;  and  told  him,  because  he  was  so  importunate 
for  her,  that  she  would  come  and  live  with  him  again,  on  that 
condition  he  would  be  new  married,neverswear  and  blaspheme 
as  he  used  formerly  to  do;  for  if  he  did,  she  should  begone: 
^  he  vowed  it,  married,  and  lived  ivith  her;  she  brought  him 
children,  and  governed  his  house,  but  was  still  pale  and  sad, 
and  so  continued,  till  one  day  falling  out  with  him,  he  fell  a 
swearing  :  she  vanished  thereuj)on,  and  ivas  never  after  seen. 
''This  I  have  heard,  saith  Sdh'me,  from  persons  of  good  credit, 
which  told  me,  that  the  duke  of  Bavaria  did  tell  it  for  a  cer- 
tainty, to  the  duke  of  Saxony.  One  more  I  will  relate  out  of 
Florilegus,  ad  anmim  1058,  an  honest  historian  of  our  nation  ; 
because  he  telleth  it  so  confidently,  as  a  thing,  in  those  daies 
talked  of,  all  over  Europe:  A  yong  gentleman  of  Rome,  the  ^ 
same  day  that  he  was  nsarried,  after  dinner  with  the  bri<le  and 
his  friends,  went  a  walking  into  the  fields;  and  towards  even- 
ing, to  the  tennis-court  to  recreate  himself;  whilst  he  played, 
he  put  his  ring  upon  the  finger  of  Venus  statua,  which  was 
thereby,  made  in  brass ;  after  he  had  sufficiently  played,  and 
now  made  an  end  of  his  sport,  he  came  to  fetch  his  ring*,  but 
Venus  had  bowed  her  finger  in,  and  he  could  not  get  it  off. 
Whereupon  loath  to  make  his  company  tarry  at  present,  there 
left  it,  intending  to  fetch  it  the  next  day,  or  at  some  more 
convenient  time,  went  thence  to  suppei",  and  so  to  bed.  In 
the  night,  when  he  should  come  to  perform  those  nuptial  rites, 

aMulti  factum  hoc  cognovere,  quod  in  media  Grsecia  gestum  sit.  J"  Rem  cnrans 

domesticam,  ut  ante,  pepirit  aliquot  liberos,  semper  tamen  tristis  et  pallida.  c  Haec 
audivi  a  multis  fide  dignis,  qui  asseverabant  ducem  Bavarise  eadem  retulisse  dMci  Sax- 
onise  pro  veris. 


198  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  [3,  Sec.  2. 

Venus  steps  between  him  and  liis  wife,  (unseen  or  felt  of  her) 
and  told  him  that  she  was  his  w  ife,  that  he  had  betrothed  him- 
self unto  her  by  that  rino-,  which  he  put  upon  herfinger:  she 
troubled  him  for  some  following-  nights.     He  not  knowing  how 
to  help  himself,  made  his  moan  to  one  Palumbus,  a  learned 
magician  in  those  daies,  who  gave  him  a  letter,   and  bid  him 
at  such  a  time  of  the  night,  in  such  a  cross  way,  at  the  towns 
end,  where  old  Saturn  would  pass  by,  with  his  associates,  in 
procession,  as  commonly  he  did,  deliver  that  script,  with  his 
own  hands,  to  Saturn  himself:  the  yong-  man  of  a  bold  spirit, 
accordingly  did  it;  and  when  tlie  old  fiend  had  read  it,  he 
called  Venus  to  him,   >vho  rode  before  him,  and  commanded 
her  to  deliver  his  ring,  which  forthwith  she  did:  and  so  the 
gentleman  was  freed.     Many  such  stories  T  finde  in  several! 
"  authors,  to  confirm  this  which  I  have  said ;  as  that  more  no- 
table among  the  rest,  of  Philinium  and  3Iachates  in  ''Phlegons 
Tract  de  rehua  7uirabilib>/ft ;  and  though  many  be  against  it, 
yet  I,  for  my  part,  will  subscribe  to  Lactantius,  lib.  14.  cap.  1.5. 
•=  God  sent  anr/ch  to  the  tuition  of  men  :  but  whilest  theif  lived 
amongst  us,  that  tnischievous  all-commander  of  the  earth,  and 
hot  in  lust,  enticed  them  by  little  and  little,  to  this  vice,  and 
dejiled  them  ivith  the  compamj   of  women:  and  Anaxagoras 
de  resurrect.     ''  Manjj  of  those  spiritual  bodies,  overcome  by  the 
love  of  maids,  and  lust,  failed,  of  whom  those  were  born,  we 
call (jyants.     Justin  Martj'r,  Clemens  Alexandrinus.Sulpitius 
Sevcrus,  Eusebius,  &c.  to  this  sense,  make  a  twofold  fall  of 
angels,  one  from  the  beginning  of  the  world  ;  another  a  little 
before  the  deluge,  as  Moses  teacheth  us,  ^openl}'  professing, 
that  these  genii  can  beget,  and  have  carnal  copulation  with 
women.     At  Japan,  in  the  East  Indies,  at  this  present  (if  we 
may  believe  the  relation  of '^travellers)  there  is  an  idol  called 
Teuchedy,  to  whom  one  of  the  fairest  virgins  in  the  country 
is  monthly  brought,  and  left  in  a  private  room,  in  thcfoioqni, 
or  church,  where  she  sits  alone  to  be  defloured.     At  certain 
times,  -the  Tcucliedy  (which  is  thought  to  be  the  divel)  ap- 
pears to  her,  and  knov.'eth  her  carnally.     Every  mot)th  a  fair 
virgin  is  taken  in ;  but  what  be-^^jnies  of  the  old.  no  man  can 
tell.      In  that  goodly   temple   of  Jupiter  Belus  in    Babylon, 
there  \>  as  a  fair  chappel,  '' sa'tn  Herodotus,  an  eye-witness 
of  it,  in  v.hich  was  splendide  stratus  lectus  et  apposita  mensa 


aFabtila  Damarati  et  Aristcnis  in  Herodoto,  lib.  6.  Erato.  ^  Interpret.  Mercnr. 

*"  Deus  angelos  inisit  ad  tiitelam  ctilttimque  jjfneri.s  huinani :  sed  illos  cniii  boiiiinibus 
commorantes,  dominator  illae  ferrap  salacissimus  paulatim  ad  vitia  pellexit,  et  mnlienim 
coni^es«ibus  inquinavit.  ■'■  Quidam  e.x  illo  captisunt  amore  \irRiniim,  et  libidine 

victi  defecerunt,  es  qiiibus  gigaote s  qai  vorautiir,  nati  fuiit.  "  Pererius  io  Gen. 

bb.  8.  c.  6.  ver.  1.  Zanc.  &:<•.  f  Piirrhas  Hackl.  posth.  par.  1.  lib.  4.  ct>\>.  \.  S.  7. 

ila  Clio.  f"  Dciis  ipse  hoc  cubili  reqiiicst  ens. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Love's  Power  and  Extent.  199 

aurea,  a  brave  bed,  a  table  of  gold,  &c.  into  which  no  crea- 
ture came  but  one  only  woman,  which  their  god  made  choice 
of,  as  the  Chaldean  priests  told  him;  and  that  their  god  "lay 
with  her  himself,  as  at  Thebes  in  ^Egypt  was  the  like  done  of 
old.  So  that  you  see  this  is  no  news,  the  divels  themselves, 
or  their  jugling  priests,  have  plaid  such  pranks  in  all  ages. 
Many  divines  stifly  contradict  this;  but  1  will  conclude  with 
^Lipsius,  that  since  examples,  testimonies,  and  confessions  of 
those  unhappy  loomen  are  so  manifest  on  the  other  side,  and 
many,  even  in  this  our  toivn  ofLovan,  that  it  is  likely  to  be  so. 
^  One  thing  1  will  add,  that  I  suppose,  that  in  no  age  past,  (I 
know  not  by  what  destiny  of  this  unhappy  time)  there,  have 
never  appeared,  or  shewed  themselves,  so  many  lecherous  divels, 
satyrs,  and  genii,  as  in  this  of  ours,  as  appears  by  the  daily 
narrations,  and  judicial  sentences  upon  record.  Read  more  of 
this  question  in  Plutarch  vit.  Numa;,  Austin  de  civ.  Dei,  lib.  15. 
Wierus  lib.  3.  de  prcestig.  Ducm.  Giraldus  Cambrensis  itine- 
rar.  Camb.  lib.  1.  ^ldWe\\%  malejic.  qucest.  5.  part.  1.  Ja- 
cobus Reussus  lib.  5.  cap.  Q.fol.  54.  Godelman.  lib.  cap.  4. 
lErastus,  Yalesius  de  sacra  philo.  cap,  40.  John  Nider  For- 
nicar.  lib.  5.  cap.  9.  Stroz.  Cicogna.  lib.  3.  cap.  2.  Delrio, 
Lipsius  Bodiue  doemonol.  lib.  2.  cap.  T.  Pererius  i?i  Gen.  lib. 
8.  in  6.  cap.  ver.  2.     King  James,  &c. 


SUBSECT.  H. 

How  love  tyrannizeth  over  men.     Love,  or  Heroicall  Melan- 
choly, his  definition ;  part  affected. 

JL  OU  have  heard  how  this  tyrant  love  rageth  with  brute 
beasts  and  spirits ;  now  let  us  consider  what  passions  it  cau- 
seth  amongst  men. 

*=  Improbe  amor,  quid  non  mortalia  pectora  cogis  ?    How  it 
tickles  the  hearts  of  mortal  men. 

Horresco  referens, 


I  am  almost  afraid  to  relate,  amazed,  ''  and  ashamed,  it  hath 
wrought  such  stupend  and  prodigious  effects;  such  foul  of- 
fences. Love  indeed  (I  may  not  deny)  first  united  provinces, 
built  cities,  and  by  a  perpetual  generation  makes  and  preserves 


a  Physiologise  Stoicorum  i.  1  cap.  20.  Si  spiritus  unde,  semen  iis,  &c.  at  esempla 
tarbant  nos  ;  mulierum  quotidianae  confessiones  de  mixtione  omnes  asserunt,  et  snnt  in 
hac  urbe  Lovanio  exempla.  bUnnm  dixero,  non  opinari  me  nllo  retro  £evo 

tantam  copiam  Satyrorum,  et  salacium  istorum  Geniorum  se  ostendisse,  quantum  nunc 
quotidiana;  narrationes,  et  judiciales  sententise  proferunt.  ^  Virjj.  <*  For  it 

is  a  shame  to  speak  of  those  things  which  are  done  of  them  in  secret,  Eph.  5.  12. 


200  Love' Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

iiiankin<l,  propaoates  the  church  ;  but  if  it  rage,  it  is  no  more 
love,  but  l)urnina:  lust;  a  disease,  phrensie,  madness,  hell. 
''Est  orct/s  i/fp,  vis  est  hnmrdicabil}s,est  rabies  hminn  ;  'tis  no 
vertuous  habit  this,  but  a  vehement  perturbation  of  the  mind, 
a  monster  of  nature,  wit,  and  art,  as  Alexis  in  "  Athenaeussets 
it  out,  rirUifer  anda.v,  mufiehnler  iimidvin,  furore  jnareps^ 
labore  injr  actum,  mel  f'elleuin,  hlanda  percussio,  <Sc.  It  sub- 
verts kin^-doms,  overthrows  cities,  towns,  families:  mars,  cor- 
rupts, and  makes  a  massacre  of  men;  thunder  and  lighminji-, 
wars,  fires,  plagues,  have  not  done  that  mischief  to  mankind, 
as  this  burning  lust,  this  brutish  passion.  Let  Sodome  and 
Gomorrah,  Troy,  (which  Dares  Phrygius,  and  Dictis  Cretensis 
will  make  good)  and  I  know  not  how  many  cities  bear  record, 

etfitit  ante Helenam,  all  succeeding  ages  will  subscribe: 

lone  of  Naples  in  Italy,  Fredegundeand  Brunhalt  in  France, 
all  histories  are  full  of  these  basilisks.  Besides  those  daily 
monomachies,  murders,  effusion  of  blood,  rapes,  riot  and  im- 
moderate expense;  to  satisfie  their  lusts;  beggery,  shame, 
joss,  torture,  punishment,  disgrace,  loathsome  diseases  that 
proceed  from  thence,  M'orse  then  calentures  and  pestilent fea- 
vers;  those  often  gouts,  pox,  arthritis,  palsies,  cramps,  scia- 
tica, convulsions,  aches,  combustions,  Stc  which  torment  the 
body ;  that  feral  melancholy  which  crucifies  the  soul  in  this 
life," and  everlastingly  torments  in  the  world  to  come. 

Notwithstanding  they  know  these,  and  many  such  miseries, 
threats,  tortiues  will  surely  come  upon  them ;  rewards,  ex- 
hortations, e  contra;  yet  either  out  of  their  own  weakness,  a 
depraved  nature,  or  loves  tyranny,  which  so  furiously  rageth, 
they  suffer  themselves  to  be  led  like  an  oxc  to  the  slaughter; 
(facilis  descensus  Averni)  they  go  down  headlong  to  their  own 
p'erdition  ;  ihey  will  commit  folly  with  beasts,  men  leaving  the 
natural  use  /}fu-omen,  as  '^Paul  saiih,  burned  in  lust  one  to- 
wards another,  and  man  with  man  wrouffht  Jilthiness. 

Semiramis  equo,  Pasiphae  tauro,  Aristo  Ephesius  asince  se 
commiscuit ;  Fulvius  erpin^  alii  canibus,  capris,  &;c.  unde 
monstra  nascuntur  aliquaudo,  centauri,  sylvani,  et  ad  ter- 
rorem  hominuni  prodiyiosa  spectra:  nee  cumbrutis,  sed  ipsis 
homi7iibus  rem  liabent,  quodpeccatum  Sodomiiv  vnlfjo  dicitur  ; 
(tfreqnens  olim  vitium  apud  Orientales  illos  J'nit,  Grrecos 
mmirvm,  Italos,  Afros,  Asianos:  '^Hercules  Utflam  habuity 
Polffc/etum,  Dioncm,  Perithounta,  Abdcrum,  et  Phri/f/a  ;  alii 
et  Eurijiium ab  Hcrcule  amatum  tradunt.  Socrates pulchrorum 


sPlutarrh.  amalor.  lib.  ^Ub.Vi.  -^  Horn.  1.  27.  HLili.is  Giraldus, 

vil.i  fjiis. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]       Love's  Power  and  Extent.  201 

adolescentum  causa  frequens  gymnasium  adihat,  ftagitiosoque 
spectaculo pascebat  oculos,  quod  et  Philebus  et  Phcedon  rivales, 
Charmides,  et  ^  reliqui  Platonis  Dialogic  satis  superque  testatum 
Jaciunt:  quodveroAlcibiades  deeodem  Socrate  loquatur,  lubens 
conticesco,  sed  et  abhorreo  ;  tantum  incitamentum  prcebet  libi- 
dini.  Ad  hunc  perstrinxit  Theodoretus  lib.  de  curat.  GrcEC. 
affect,  cap.  ultimo.  Quin  et  ipse  Plato  suum  demiratur  Aga- 
ilionem,  Xenophon  Cliniam,  Virgilius  Alexin,  Anacreon  Ba- 
thyllum;  Quod  autem  de  JSTerone,  Claudio,  cceteroriimque  por- 
tentosd  libidine  memorise  proditum,  mallem,  a  Petronio,  Sue- 
tonio,  cater isque  petatis,  quando  omnem  fidem  excedat,  quam  a 
vie  expectetis  ;  sed  vetera  querimur.  ^ApudAsianos,  Turcas, 
Italos,  nunquam  frequentius  hoc  quam  hodierno  die  vitium  ; 
Diana  Romanorum  Sodomia  ;  qfflcince  horum  alicubi  apud 
Turcos, 

qui  saxis  semina  mandant 

arenas  arantes  ;  et  frequentes  querelce,  etiam  inter  ijjsos  con,' 
juges  hac  de  re,  quae  viiorum  concubitum  illicitum  calceo 
in  oppositam  partem  verso  magistratui  indicant ;  nullum  apud 
Italos  familiare  magis  peccatum,  qui  et  post  "Lucianum  et 
^  Tatium,  scriptis  voluminibus  defendunt.  Johannes  de  la 
Casa,  Beventinus  Episcopus,  divinum  opus  vocat,  suave  scelus, 
adeoque  jactat  se  non  alia  usum  venere.  Nihil  usitatius 
apud  monachos,  cardinales,  sacrijiculos,  etiam  ^  furor  hie 
ad  mortem,  ad  insaniam.  ^  Angelus  Politianus,  oh  pueri 
amorem,  violentas  sibi  manus  injecit.  Et  horrendum  sane 
dictu,  quantum  apud  nos  pat  rum  memorid,  scelus  detestandum 
hoc  scsvierit  !  Quum  enim  Anno  1538,  prudentissimus  Rex 
Henricus  Octavus  cucullatorum  cosnobia,  et  sacrificorum 
collegia,  votarioruni,per  venerabiles  legumDoctores  Thoraam 
Leum,  Richardura  Laytonum  visitari  fecerat,  &c.  tanto  nu- 
mero  repertisiint  apud  eos  scortatores,  cinaedi,  ganeones,  pae- 
dicones,  puerarii,  pffiderastse,  Sodomitse,  (^  Balei  verbis  utor) 
Ganimedes,  &c.  ut  in  unoquoque  eorum  novam  credideris 
Gomorrham.  Sed  vide,  si  lubet,  eorundem  catalogum  apud 
eundem  Baleum;  Puell{e(inquit)  in  lectis  dormire  non  poterant 
ob  fratres  necromanticos.  H(bc  si  apud  votarios,  monachos, 
sanctos  scilicet  homunciones,  quid  inj'oro,  quid  in  aula  factum 
suspiceris  ?  quid  apud  nobiles,  quid  inter  J'ornices,  quam  non 
Joeditatem,  quam  non  spurcitiem  ?      Sileo  interim  turpes  illas, 


*  Piieros  avnare    solis    philosophis    relinquenduin    vult    Lticianus 'dial.    Amoriim. 
'' Busbeqiiius.  "■  Liicianus  Charidenio.  '•  Achilles  Tatius  lib.  2.  eNon 

pst  haec  mentula  deniens.  Mart.  ^  Jovius  Muse.  ?  PrEefat.  lectori  lib. 

de  vitis  poutif. 


202  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

et  ne  nominandas  qnidem  monachorum  ^  mastrupatioiu's,  maslur- 
hutores.  ^  Rodericus  a  Castro  vocat,  turn  et  eos  qui  se  invicem 
ad  Veyierem  excitandam  Jlar/ris  ccedunt,  Spintrlas,  SuccuhaSy 
^mbuheias,  et  lasciviente  Inmho  Tribades  illus  muUerculas^quce 
se  invicem  f'ricant,  et  prater  Eunuchos  etiam  ad  Venerem  ex- 
plendam,  artijiciosa  ilia  veretra  hahent.  Immo  quod  magis 
mirere,J'oeminaJ'<emina7n  Const antinopoli  non  itapridem  deper- 
iit,  ansa  rem  plane  incredibilem,  mutato  cultu  mentita  virum 
de  nvptiis  sermonem  inif,  et  brevA  nvptaest:  sedauthorem  ipsum 
consule  Busbequium.  Omitto  '^ Salinariosillos  jEgyptiacos^  qui 
cum  formosarum  cadaveribus  concumbunt ;  et  eorum  vesanam 
libidinem^  qui  etiam  idola  et  imagines  depereunt.  Nota  est 
fabula  PigmaUonis  apud'^  OrAdium;  Mundi  et  Paulini  apud 
jEgessippum  belli  Jud.  lib.  2.  cap.  4.  Pontius,  C.  Ccesaris 
legatus,  referentePlinio,  lib.  35.  cap.  3.  quern  suspicor  eum  esse 
qui  Christum  crucijixit,  picturis  Atalantw  et  Helence  adeo 
libidine  inceHsus,ut  tollere  eas  vellet  si  natura  tectoriipermisissety 
alius statnambona  Fortuna:  deperiit^  (^lianus,  lib.  9.  cap.  37) 
alius  Bonce  Dea,  et  ne  qua  pars  probro  vacet.  "  Raptus  ad 
stupra  (q7tod  ait  ille)  et  ne  *^os  qiiidem  a  libidine  exceptum, 
HeliogabaluSy  per  omnia  cava  corporis  libidinem  recepit.  Lam" 
prid.  vita  ejus.  ^Hostius  quidam  specula  fecit,  et  ita  disposuity 
ut  quum  virum  ipse  pateretur,  aversus  omnes  admissarii  motus 
in  speculo  videret,  ac  deinde  falsa  magnitudine  ipsius  mcmbri 
tanquam  vera  gauderet,  simul  virum  etfceminam  passus,  quod 
dictufoeduvi  et  abominandtim.  Ut  veru?n  plane  sit,  quod  apud 
*>  Plutarchum  Gryllus  Ulyssi  objecit.  Ad  huuc  usque  diim 
apud  nos  neque  mas  marem,  neque  foemina  fceminam  amavit, 
({ualia  niulta  apud  vos  memorabiles  et  praiclari  viri  fecerunt: 
ut  viles  missos  faciani,  Hercules  imberbem  sectans  sociuni, 
amicos  deseruit,  &c.  Vestra  libidines  intra  suos  natural  fines 
coerceri  non  possunt,  quin  instar  fluvii  exundantes  atrocem 
foeditatem,  tutnnltum,  confusionemque  naturae  g-ignant  in  re 
Venerea:  narn  et  capras,porcos,equos  inierunt  viri  et  foeminse, 
insano  bestiarum  amore  exarserunt;  unde  Minotauri,  Centauri, 
Sylvani,  Spliing-es,  &c.  Sedneconfutando  doceam,  aut  eaforas 
efferam,  quce  non  omnes  scire  convenit  (ha'c  enim  doctis  solum- 


»  Mercurialis  call,  tie  Priapismo.    Coplins  1.  11.  antiq.  lert.  cap.  14.     (ialenus6.de 
locis  afl".  ^  De  niorb.  mulier.  lib.  1.  c.  15.  <^  Herodotus,  1.  2.  Enterpae. 

Uxores  insifjnium  virorum  non  statim  vita  functas  tradnnt  condendas,  ac  ne  eas  quiaem 
foeminas  qua;  formosae  sunt,  sed  quatriduo  ante  defunctas,  ne.,ciiin  iis  Salinarii  con- 
cumbant,  &c.  ^  Metam.  13.  ""  Seneca  de  ira,  1.  11.  c.  18.  f  Nullus  est 

meatus  ad  qaem  non  pateat  aditus  impudicitia;.  Clem.  Alex,  paedag.  lib.  3.  c,  3. 
E  Seneca  1.  uat.  qujcst.  hToin.  P.  Oryllo. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]       Loves  Power  and  Extent.  203 

inodo,  quod  causa  non  absimili  «  Rodericns,  scripta  velim)  ne 
levissimis  ingenns  et  depravatis  vientihus  Joedissimi  sceleris 
notitiam,  ^-c.  nolo  quern  diutins  hisce  sordihus  inquinare. 

1  come  at  last  to  that  heroical  love,  which  is  proper  to  men 
and  women,  is  a  frequent  cause  of  melancholy,  and  deserves 
much  rather  to  be  called  burning  lust,  than  fjy  such  an  ho- 
nourable title.  There  is  an  honest  love  I  confess,  which  is 
natural,  laqueus  occultos  captivans  cor  da  hominum,  ut  a  niu- 
lieribus  non  possint  separari ;  a  secret  snare  to  captivate  the 
hearts  of  men,  as  ''Christopher  Fonseca  proves,  a  strong-  allure- 
ment, of  a  most  attractive,  occult,  adamantine  property,  and 
powerful  vertue,  and  no  man  living  can  avoid  it.  "  Et  qui  vim 
non  sensit  amoris,  aut  lapis  est,  aut  bellna.  He  is  not  a  man 
but  a  block,  a  very  stone,  '^  aut  Niimen,  aut  JVebuchadnezzar ; 
he  hath  a  gourd  for  his  head,  a  pepon  for  his  heart,  that  hath 
not  felt  the  power  of  it ;  and  a  rare  creature  to  be  found,  one 
in  an  age, 

Qui  nunquam  visse  flagravit  amore  puellae  : 

for  semel  insaiiivimus  omnes,  dote  we  either  yong*  or  old,  as 
'he  said,  and  none  are  expected,  but  Minerva  and  the  Muses: 
so  Cupid  in  '  Lucian  complains  to  his  mother  Venus,  that 
amongst  all  the  rest,  his  arrows  could  not  pierce  them.  But 
this  nuptial  I  love,  is  a  common  passion,  an  honest,  for  men 
to  love  in  the  way  of  marriage  ;  at  materia  appetit  formam, 
sic  mulier  virum.  You  kiiow  marriage  is  honourable,  a  blesed 
calling-,  appointed  "By  God  himself  in  Paradise;  it  breeds  true 
peace,  tranquillity,  content  and  happiness,  qua  nulla  est  aut 
Juit  imquam  sanctior  conjunction  as  Daphnaeus  in  s  Plutarch 
could  well  prove,  et  qua;  generihumano  immortalitatem  parat^ 
when  they  live  without  jarring,  scolding,  lovingly  as  they 
should  do. 

'•Felices  ter  et  amplius 

Quos  irrupta  tenet  copula,  nee  ullis 
Divulsus  querimoniis 

Suprema  citius  solvit  amor  die. 

Thrice  happy  they,  and  more  then  that, 
Whom  bonds  of  love  so  firmly  ties, 

That  without  brawls  till  death  them  part, 
'Tis  undissolv'd  and  never  dies. 


*  De  morbis  mulierum  I.  I.e.  15.  b  Amphitheat.  amor.  cap.  5.  interpret, 

Curtio.  =  iEneas  Sylvius,  Jnvenal.  "^Tertul.  prover.  lib.  4.  adversus  Mane, 

rap.  40.  ^Chancer.    ^       f  Tom.  1.  dial.  Deorum  Lucianus.     Amore  non  ardent 

Musse.  ?  In  amator.  dialog.  hHor. 


2o4  lAive- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I?. 

As  Sciicca  lived  with  his  Paulina,  Abraham  and  Sara,  Or- 
pheus and  Euridice,  Arria  and  Foetus,  Artemisia  and  Mau- 
solus,  Rubenius  Celer,  that  would  needs  hare  it  ingraven  on 
his  tomb,  he  had  led  his  life  w-ith  Ennca  his  dear  wife,  forty 
three  yeares  eight  moneths,  and  never  fell  out.  There  is  no 
pleasure  Jn  this  world  comparable  to  it;  'tis  summrnn  mortali- 

tatis  bonuni "■  hominum    Dlnhnf/un  voluptas,  Alma  Venus 

latet  en'nn  in  nvil'we  alhjnid  ninjns  pntentiusque  omnibus 

oliis  humauh'vo/iipfntihns,  as  ''  one  holds,  there's  something- in 
a  woman  beyond  all  humane  delight ;  a  magnetique  vertue,  a 
charming  quality,  an  occult  and  powerful  motive.  The  hus- 
band rules  her  as  head,  but  she  again  commands  his  heart,  he 
is  her  servant,  she  his  onely  joy  and  content :  no  happines  is 
like  unto  it,  no  love  so  great' as  this  of  man  and  wife,  no  such 
comfort,  as  "plocens  uxor,  a  sweet  wife  : 

a  Omnis  amor  magnus,  sed  aperto  in  conjuge  major, 

when  they  love  at  last,  as  fresh  as  they  did  at  first, 

•^  Charaque  cliaro  consenescit  conjugi, 

as  Homer  brings  Paris  kissing  Helena,  after  they  had  been 
married  ten  years,  protesting  withall,  that  he  loved  her  as 
dear,  as  he  did  the  first  hour  he  was  betrothed.  And  in  their 
old  ao-e,  when  they  make  much  of  one  another,  saying  as  he 
did  to  his  wife  in  the  poet, 

f  Uxor  vivamus  quod  viximus,  ct  moriamur, 
Servantes  nomen  sumpsimus  in  thalamo; 
Ncc  ferat  ulla  dies  ut  commuteraur  in  aevo, 
Quin  tibi  sim  juvenis,  tuque  puella  mihi. 

Dear  wife,  let's  live  in  love,  and  dye  together. 

As  hitherto  we  have  in  all  good  will : 
Let  no  day  change  or  alter  our  affections, 

But  let's  be  young  to  one  another  still. 

Such  should  conjugall  love  be,  still  the  same,  and  as  they  arc 
one  flesh,  so  should  they  be  of  one  mind,  as  in  an  aristocratical 
o-overnment,  one  consent,  ^Geryon  like,  coalescere  in  unum, 
have  one  heart  in  two  bodies,  will  and  nill  the  same.  A 
frood  wife,  according  to  Plutarch,  should  be  as  a  looking-^lass_ 
To  represent  her  husbands  face  and  passion :  If  he  be  pleasant, 
she  should  be  merry;  if  he  laugh,  she  should  smile;  if  he  look 
sad,  she  should  participate  of  his  sorrow,  and  bear  a  part  with 


»  Lncrptius.  »>  Fonspca.  ^Hor.  '' Propcrt.  fSimonides.Grafc. 

f  Ausoniiis.  I  Gcryon  amicitia/synibohim. 


Mein.  1.  Subs.  2.]       Loves  Power  and  Extent.  205 

him,  and  so  they  shouM  continue  in  mutual  love  one  towards 
another. 

^  Et  me  ab  amove  tuo  deducet  nulla  senectus, 
Sive  ego  Tythonus,  sive  ego  Nestor  ero. 

No  age  shall  part  my  love  from  thee,  sweet  wife, 
Though  I  live  Nestor  or  Tithonus  life. 

And  she  again  to  him,  as  the  ^  bride  saluted  the  bridegroome 
of  old  in  Rome,  Ubi  tu  Caius,  ego  semper  Caia,  be  thou  still 
Cains,  I'll  be  Caia. 

'Tis  an  happy  state  this  indeed,  when  the  fountain  is  blessed 
(saith  Solomon,  Prov.  5.  18)  and  he  rejoyceth  with  the  wife 
of  his  youth,  and  she  is  to  him  as  the  loving  hinde,  and  plea- 
sant roe,  and  he  delights  in  her  continually.  But  this  love  of 
ours  is  immoderate,  inordinate,  and  not  to  be  comprehended 
in  any  bounds.  It  will  not  contain  it  self  within  the  union 
of  marriage,  or  apply  to  one  object,  but  is  a  wandering,  ex- 
travagant, a  domineering,  a  boundless,  an  irrefragable,  a  de- 
structive passion  ;  sometimes  this  burning  lust  rageth  after 
marriage,  and  then  it  is  properly  called  jealonsie ;  sometimes 
before,  and  then  it  is  called  //erojca// melancholy;  it  extends 
sometimes  to  corrivalls,  &c.  begets  rapes,  incests,  murders  ; 
Marcus  Antonius  compressit  Fustinam  sororem,  Caracalla, 
Juliam  novercam,  Nero  matrem,  Caligula  soi-ores  Cyneras, 
Mirrham  Jiliam,  ^-c.  But  it  is  confined  within  no  terms  of 
bloud,  years,  sex,  or  whatsoever  else.  Some  furiously  rage 
before  they  come  to  discretion  or  age.  ^^Quartilla  in  Petronius 
never  remembred  she  was  a  maid  :  and  the  wife  of  Bath  in 
Chaucer,  cracks, 

Since  I  was  twelve  years  old,  believe,  ^ 

Husbands  at  kirk  door  had  1  five. 

•^  Aretines  Lucretia  sold  her  maiden-head  a  thousand  times  be- 
fore she  was  twenty-four  years  old,  plus  millies  vendideram 
virginitatem,  Sfc.  neque  te  celabo,  non  deerant  qui  ut  integram 
amhirent.  Rahab,  that  harlot,  began  to  be  a  professed  quean 
at  ten  years  of  age,  and  was  but  fifteen  when  she  hid  the  spies, 
as  e  Hugh  Broughton  proves,  to  whom  Serrarius  the  Jesuite, 
gucESt.  6.  in  cap.  2.  Josue,  subscribes.  Generally  women  begin 
pubescere,  as  they  call  it,  or  catullire,  as  Julius  Pollux  cites, 
lib.  2.  cap.  S.  onomast.  out  of  Aristophanes,  *^^at  fourteen  years 

a  Propert.  1.  2.  b  Plutarch,  c.  30.  Rora.  hist.  fjunonem  habeam  iratam, 

si  unquam  meminerim  me  virginem  fuisse.  Infans  enhn  paribus  inquinata  sum^  et  sub- 
inde,  majoribus  me  applicui,  donee  ad  a-tatem  perveni  ;  ut  Milo  vituhim,  &c. 
^Forno  didasc.  dial.  Lat.  interp.  Casp.  Barthio  ex  Ital.  e  Angelico  scriptur.  con- 

centu.  f  Epictetus,  c.  42,  Mulieres  statim  ab  anno  14.  movere  incipiunt,  &c.  at- 

trectari  se  sinunt  et  expoDunt.     Levinus  Lemnius. 


206  Loi-e-Melaacholij.         [Pai  f.  ".  Src.  "2. 

old,  then  they  do  ofter  themselves,  and  some  plainly  raj»e.  ^Leo 
AlVr  saith,  that  in  Africk  a  man  shall  scarce  finde  a  maid  at 
fourteen  years  of  age,  they  are  so  forward;  and  many  amongst 
us,  after  they  come  into  the  teens,  do  not  live  without  hus- 
bands, but  linger.  What  pranks  in  this  kinde  the  middle  age 
have  played,  is  not  to  be  recorded. 

Si  mihi  sint  centum  linguop,  sint  oraque  centum, 

no  tongue  can  sufficiently  declare  ;  every  story  is  full  of  men 
and  M'omens  unsatiable  lust,  Neros,  Heliogabali,  Bonosi,  &c. 
^Ccel'ms  AmphUenum,  sed  Quint  ins  Amphe/inam  drpereunt, 
^•c.  They  neigh  after  other  mens  wives  (as  Jeremy  cap.  5. 
8.  complaineth)  like  fed  horses,  or  range  like  town  buls,  ra/j- 
tores  virginiim  et  viduarum,  as  many  of  our  great  ones  do. 
Solomons  wisdom  was  extinguished  in  this  fire  of  lust;  Samp- 
sons strength  enervated;  piety  in  Lots  daughters  quite  forgot; 
gravity  of  priesthood  in  Helies  sons;  reverend  old  age  in  the 
elders  that  would  violate  Susanna;  filiail  duty  in  Absolon  to 
his  stepmother;  brotherly  love  in  Amnion  towards  his  sister. 
Humane,  divine  laws,  precepts,  exhortations,  fear  of  God  and 
men,  fair,  foul  means,  fame,  fortunes,  shame,  disgrace,  honor 
cannot  oppose,  stave  off,  or  withstand  the  fury  of  it,  omnia 
vincit  amor,  ^c.  No  cord,  nor  cable  can  so  forcibly  draw,  or 
hold  so  fast,  as  love  can  do  with  a  twin'd  thread.  The  scorch- 
ing beams  of  the  aequinoctiall,  or  extremity  of  cold  within 
the  circle  artique,  where  the  very  seas  are  frozen,  cold  or 
torrid  zone  cannot  avoid,  or  expel  this  heat,  fury  and  rage  of 
mortall  men. 

•^Quo  fugis,  ah  demens,  nulla  est  fuga,  tu  licet  usque 
Ad  Tanaim  fugias,  usque  sequetur  Amor. 

Of  womens  unnatural,  ** unsatiable  lust,  what  country,  what 
village  doth  not  complain.''  Mother  and  daughter  sometimes 
dote  on  the  same  man  ;  father  and  son,  master  and  servant,  on 
one  woman. 

Sed  amor,  sed  ineffrenata  libido. 


Quid  castum  iu  terris  intentatumque  reliquit? 

What  breach  of  vows  and  oaths,  fury,  dotage,  madness,  might 
I  reckon  up?  Yet  this  is  more  tolerable  in  youth,  and  such  as 
are  still  in  their  hot  blood;  but  for  an  old  fool  to  dote,  to  see 
an  old  leachcr,  what  more  odious,  what  can  be  more  absurd? 
and  yet  what  so  common?  Who  so  furious  ? 


»  L.  3.  foL  126.  i>  Catullus.  '  Euripides.  J  Dc  mulierum  inexhausta 

libidine  Inxuque  insatiahili  omnrs  asque  rrgionca  conqueri  posse  existimo.     Steph. 


Mom.  1.  Subs.  2.]       Loves  Power  and  Extent.  207 

^  Araare  ea  setate  si  occiperint,  multo  insaniunt  acrius ; 

Some  dote  then,  more  than  ever  they  did  in  their  youth.  How- 
many  decrepit,  hoary,  harsh, writhen,  bursten-bellied,  crooked, 
toothless,  bald,  blear-eyed,  impotent,  rotten  old  men  shall  you 
see  flickering  still,  in  every  place?  One  gets  him  a  young  wife, 
another  a  curtisan;  and  when  he  can  scarce  lift  his  leg  over 
a  sill,  and  hath  one  foot  already  in  Charons  boat,  when  he  hath 
the  trembling  in  his  joynts,  the  gout  in  his  feet,  a  perpetual 
rhume  in  his  head,  a  continuate  couc/h,  ^  his  sight  Jails  him, 
thick  oy  hearing,  his  breath  stinks,  all  his  moisture  is  drietl  up 
and  gone,  may  not  spit  from  him,  a  very  child  again,  that  can- 
not dress  himself,  or  cut  his  own  meat;  yet  he  will  be  dreaming 
of,  and  honing  after  wenches ;  w  hat  can  be  more  unseemly  ? 
Worse  it  is  in  women  then  in  men,  when  she  is  estate  declivis, 
dill  vidua,  mater  olim,  parnm  decore  matrimoniurn  sequi  vide- 
tur,  an  old  widdow,  a  mother  so  longsince  ('^in  Plinies  opinion) 
she  doth  very  unseemly  seek  to  marry;  yet  whilstshe  is  a  so  old 
a  crone,  a  beldam,  she  can  neither  see  nor  hear,  go  nor  stand,  a 
raeer  ^  karcass,  a  witch,  and  scarce  feel ;  she  catterwauls,  and 
must  have  a  stallion,  a  champion;  she  must  and  will  marry 
again,  and  betroth  herself  to  some  young  man,  4hat  hates  to 
look  on  her,  but  for  her  goods  ;  abhors  the  sight  of  her,  to  the 
prejudice  of  her  good  name,  her  own  undoing,  grief  of  friends, 
and  ruin  of  her  children. 

But  to  enlarge  or  illustrate  this  power  and  effects  of  love,  is 
to  set  a  candle  in  the  sun.  ^Xt  rageth  with  all  sorts  and  con- 
ditions of  men;  yet  is  most  evident  amongst  such  as  are  yong 
and  lusty,  in  the  flowre  of  their  years,  nobly  descended,  high 
fed  ;  such  as  live  idly,  and  at  ease :  and  for  that  cause  (which 
our  divines  call  burning  lust)  this  ^J'erinus  insanns  amor,  this 
mad  and  beastly  passion,  as  I  have  said,  is  named  by  our  phy- 
sicians heroicall  love,  and  a  more  honorable  title  put  upon  it, 
amor  nohilis,  as  '  Savanarola  stiles  it,  because  noble  men  and 
women  make  a  common  practice  of  it,  and  are  so  ordinarily 
affected  with  it.  Avicenna,  lib.  3.  Fen.  1.  tract.  4.  cap.  23, 
calleth  this,  passion  ilishi,  and  defines  it  ^  to  be  a  disease  or 


»  Plantus.  bOcali  caligant,  aures  grav-iter  audinnt,  capilli  flunnt,  ends  arescit, 

flatus  olet,  tassis,  &c.  Cyprian.  eLib.  8.  epist.  Ruffinus.  d  Hiatque  turpis 

inter  aridas  nates  podex,  e  Cadaverosa  adeo  ut  ab  inferis  reversa  ^^deri  possit,  vult 
adhac  catnllire.  fNam  et  matrimoniis  est  despectnm  senium,     -^neas  Silvius. 

e  Quid  toto  terraram  orbs  communius  ?  quae  civitas,  quod  oppidum,  quae  familia 
vacat  amatorum  esemplis  ?  jEneas  Silvius.  Quis  trigesimum  annum  natus  nullum 
amoris  causa  peregit  insigne  facinus?  ego  deme  facio  conjectnram,  quem  amor  in  mille 
pericula  misit.  ^  Forestus.  Plato.  iPract.  major.  Tract.  6.  cap.  1.  Rub.  11. 

de  aegrit  cap.  quod  his  mnltam  contiugat.  ^  Haec  asgritudo  est  solicitudo  me- 

lancholica,  in  qua  homo  applicat  sibi  continuam  cogitationem  super  pnlchritadine  ipsius 
quam  amat,  gestuam,  raorum. 


208  Love-Melancholif.        .;    [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

mplaneholj)  vexaiwiiy  or  anguish  of  minde  ;  in  rrhirh  a  mati 
continnalhi  meditates  of  the  heanty,  rjeature^  manners  of  his 
vilstris,  and  tronhles  hi mscfj' about  it ;  desirincf  (as  Savanarola 
adds)  with  all  intentions  and  eajrerness  of  minde,  to  compass  or 
enjoy  her^  *  as  commonly  hunters  trouble  themselves  about  their 
sports,  the  covetous  about  their  gold  and  yoods  ;  so  is  he  tor' 
mented  still  about  his  7nistris.  Arnold  us  Villanovanus  in  his 
])Ook  of  heroicall  love  defines  it,  ^  a  continual  coyitation  of 
that  which  he  desires  ;  with  a  conjidence  or  hope  oj' compassing 
it ;  which  definition  his  commentator  cavils  at.  For  con- 
tinual cogitation  is  not  the  genus,  but  a  symptome  of  love  ; 
we  continually  think  of  that  which  we  hate  and  abhor,  as  well 
as  that  which  we  love;  and  many  thintis  we  covet  and  desire, 
without  all  hope  of  attaining-.  Carolus  a  Lorme,  in  his  ques- 
tions, makes  a  doubt,  anamor  sit  wori?/.?,  whether  this  heroicall 
love  be  a  disease :  Julius  Pollux  onomast.  lib.  G.  cap.  44.  de- 
termines it;  they  that  are  in  love  are  likewise  '^  sick  ;  lascivus, 
sala.r,  lasciviens,  et  (jui  in  venerem  J'urit,  vere  est  ccgrotus. 
Arnolduswill  have  it  improperly  so  called,  and  a  malady  rather 
of  the  body  then  minde.  Tully  in  his  Tusculanes  defines  it 
a  furious  disease  of  the  minde;  Phfto  madness  it  self;  Fici- 
nus  his  Commentator,  cap.  12.  a  species  of  madness, ybr  many 
have  run  mad  for  women,  Esdr.  4.  26.  but  '^  Rhases  a  me- 
lancholy passion  ;  and  most  physicians  make  it  a  species,  or 
kinde  of  melancholy  (as  will  appear  by  the  symptomes)  and 
treat  of  it  apart :  whom  I  mean  to  imitate,  and  to  discuss  it  in 
all  his  kinds;  to  examine  his  severall  causes;  to  shew  his 
symptomes,  indications,  prognosticks,  effect;  that  so  it  may  be 
with  more  facility  cured. 

The  part  affected  in  the  mean  time,  as  '^  Arnoldus  supposeth, 
is  the  former  part  of  the  head,  for  want  of  moisture ;  which 
his  Commentator  rejects.  Langius  med.  epist.  lib.  1.  cap.  24. 
will  have  this  passion  sited  in  the  liver,  and  to  keep  resi- 
dence in  the  heart ;  '  to  proceed  first fromthe  eyes,  so  carried  by 
our  spirits,  and  kindled  tcith  imagination,  in  the  liver  and 
heart  ;  cogit  amare  jecur,  as  the  saying  is,  Medium  ferit  per 
hepar,  as  Cupid  in  Anacreon.  For  some  such  cause,  belike, 
8  Homer  fains  Titius  liver  (who  was  enamored  on  Latona)  to 
be  still  gnawed  by  two  vultures,  day  and  night  in  hell,  ^for 


a  Animi  forte  accidens  quo  quis  rem  habere  nimii  aviditate  roncupiscit,  ut  ludos  ve- 
natores,  aurum  et  opes  avari.  'i  Assidua  cogitatio  super  rem  dcsideratam  cum 

confidentia  obtinendi,  ut  spe  apprehensuin  delectabile,  &c.  ''■  Morbus  corporis 

potius  quam  aninii.  ••  Amor  est  passio  melancliolica.  <••  Qb  calefactionera 

spirituum  pars  antericr  capitis  laborat  ob  coi)suni|>tionem  Inimiditatis.  '  Aft'ectus 

animi  concupiscibilis  e  desiderio  rei  amatas  per  ocido.s,  in  mente  concepto^  spiritus  in 
cotde  et  jecore  incendens.  e  Odyss.  et  Melamor.  4.  Ovid.  b  Quod 

talem  camificinam  in  adoIesceDtum  visceribuM  amor  faciat  inexplebilis. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.l.]       Causes  of  Love-Melancholy.  209 

that  yong  mens  bowels  thus  enafnoured,  are  so  continually 
tormented  by  love.  Gordonius,  cap.  2.  part.  2,  -^  tvill  have  the 
testicles  an  immediate  subject  or  cause,  the  liver  an  antece- 
dent. Fracastorius  agrees  in  this  with  Gordoiiius,  i«rfe;)n- 
mitus  imaginatio  venerea,  erectioy  ^-c.  titillatissiniam  partem 
vocati  if  a  ut  nisi  extruso  semine  gestiens  voluptas  non  cessat, 
nee  assidua  veneris  recordation  addit  Guastavinius  Comment. 
4.  Sect.  prob.  §7.  Arist.  But  ^  properly  it  is  a  passion  of  the 
brain,  as  all  other  melancholy,  by  reason  of  corrupt  imagina- 
tion ;  and  so  doth  Jason  Pratensis  c.  19.  de  morb.  cerebri, 
(who  writes  copiously  of  this  Erotical  love)  place  and  reckon 
it  amongst  the  affections  of  the  brain.  "  Melancthon  deanimd 
confutes  those  that  make  the  liver  a  part  affected,  and  Guia- 
nerius  Tract.  15.  cap.  13.  et  \J.  though  many  put  all  the 
affections  in  the  heart,  refers  it  to  the  brain.  Ficinus  cap.  7. 
^/^  Conviviuni  Platonis,  will  have  the  blood  to  be  the  part  af- 
fected. Jo.  Frietaglus,  cap.  14.  noct.  med.  supposeth  all  four 
affected;  heart,  liver,  brain,  blood;  but  the  major  part  concur 
upon  the  brain,  "^  'tis  imaginatio  kvsa;  and  both  imagination 
and  reason  are  misaffected;  because  of  his  corrupt  judgement, 
and  continuall  meditation  of  that  which  he  desires,  he  may 
truly  be  said  to  be  melancholy.  If  it  be  violent,  or  his  disease 
inveterate,  as  I  have  determined  in  the  precedent  partitions, 
both  imaoination  and  reason  are  misaffected,  first  one,  then 
the  other. 


MEMB.  II.     SUBSECT.  I. 

Causes  of  Heroioall  Love,  Temperature,  full  Diet,  Idlenes, 
Place,  Climate,  ^c. 

Of  all  causes  the  remotest  are  stars.  ^  Ficinus  cap.  19. 
saith  they  are  more  prone  to  this  burning  lust,  that  have 
Venus  in  Leo  in  their  Horoscope,  M-hen  the  Moon  and  Venus 
be  mutually  aspected,  or  such  as  be  of  Venus  complexion. 
^  Plutarch  interprets  astrologically  thattaleof  Mars  and  Venus, 
in  whose  genitures  $  and  ^  are  in  conjunction,  they  are  com- 

aTesticuli  quoad  causam  conjunctam,  hepar  antecedentein,  possunt  esse  subjectam. 
b  Propria  passio  cerebri  est  ob  corrnptam  imaginationem.  <=  Cap.  de 

aflectibus.  ''  Est  conuptio  imaginativBB  et  aestimativae  facultatis,  ob 

formam  fortiter  affixam,  corruptumque  judicium,  ut  semper  de  eo  cogitet,  ideoque  recte 
melancholicus  appellatur.  Concupiscenia  vehemens  ex  corrupto  judicio  asstimativaj 
virtutis.  "  Comment,  in  convivium  Platonis.     Irretiuntur  cito  quibus 

nascentibus  Venus  fuerit  in  Leone,  vel  Luna  Venerem  vehementer  aspexerit,  et  qui 
eadem  complexioue  sunt  prtediti.  fPlerumque  amatores  sunt;  et  si  fceminis 

meretrices,  1.  de  audiend. 

VOL.    II.  P 


210  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

monly  lascivious,  and  if  wonicti,  queans  ;  as  the  good  u^ije  of 
Bath  confesseth  in  Chaucer : 

3t  £oUob3et]b  are  mine  inclinatfon, 
fSi?  utrtuc  oC  mg  conjJtcUatitin. 

But  of  all  those  astrolof^ical  aphorisms  which  I  have  ever  read, 
that  of  Cardan  is  most  memorable  5  for  .vhich  howsoever  he 
be  bitterly  censured  by  ^'xMarinus  Marcennus,  a  malapert 
frier,  and  some  others  (which  ''he  himself  suspected)  yet  me 
thinks  it  is  free,  down  right,  plain,  and  ingenuous.  In  his 
'^e'xght  (jeu'dnre  or  example,  he  hath  these  words  of  himself. 
$  9  et  5  in  5  dif/nitatibus  assiduam  mihi  Venereorum  cor/ita- 
tationem  prcestabunt,  ita  nt  nunquam  quiescam.  Et  paulo 
post,  Cogitaiio  Venereorum  me  torqnet  perpet?to,  et  quani 
J'acto  implere  non  licuit,  ant  J'ecisse  jwtenteni  puduit,  cogita- 
tione  assidud  mentitus  sum  voluptatem.  Et  alibi,  ob  <l  et  ^ 
dominium  et  radiorum  mlxtionem,  profundum  J'uit  ingenium, 
sed  lascivum,  egoqne  turpi  Ubidini  deditus  et  obsccenus.  So 
far  Cardan  of  himself,  quod  de  saj'atetur  ideo  '^nt  ntilitatem 
adferat  stndiosis  hujusce  disciplince ;  and  for  tiiis  he  is  tia- 
duced  by  Marcennus,  when  as  in  effect,  he  saith  no  more  then 
what  Greoory  Nazianzen  of  old,  to  Chilo  his  scholar,  offere- 
hant  se  mihi  visendce  muUeres,  quarum  prwcellenti  elegantid 
et  decore  spectabili  tentabatiir  mecs  integritas  pudiciticc.  Et 
quidem  jiagitium  ritavi  Jornicationis,  at  munditicc  virginalis 
florem  arcana  cordis cogitationej'wdavi.  Sed  adrem.  Antiores 
ad  masculiuam  veneremsunt  ({uorumgenesi  Venus  est  in  sig-no 
masculino,  et  in  Saturni  finibus  aut  oppositione,  &c.  Ptolo- 
maeus  in  quadripart.  plura  de  hisetspecialiahabetaphorismata, 
longo  proculdubio  usuconfirmata,etab  experientia  multa  per- 
fecta,  inquit  commentator  ejus  Cardanus.  Tho.  Campanella 
Astrologia  lib.  4.  cap.  8.  articulis  4  et  5  insaniam  amato- 
riam  reinonstrantia.  multa  pra?  c^ieteris  accumulataphorismata, 
quse  qui  volet,  consulat.  Chiromantici  ex  cingulo  Veneris 
plerumque  conjecturam  faciunt,  et  monte  Veneris,  de  quorum 
decretis,  Taisnerum,  Johan.  de  Indagine,  Goclenium,  cete- 
rosque  si  lubet,  inspicias.  Physicians  divine  wholly  from  the 
temperature  and  complexion;  phlegmatic  persons,  naturally 
melancholy,  (according  to  Fioinus,  Comm.  cap.  9.)  are  sel- 
domer  taken  then  they,  but  once  taken  they  are  never  freed: 
though  many  are  of  opinion,  flatuous  or  hypochondriacal  melan- 
choly are  most  subject  of  all  others,  to  this  infirmity.    Valescus 


a  Comment  in  Genes,  cap.  3.  *"  Et  si  in  hoc  parum  a  praeclara  infamia 

staltitiaqae  abero,  vincit  tamen  amor  veritatis.  ^  Edit.  Basil.  1558.  Cum 

Commentar.  in  Ptolomaei  quadripartitum.  ^  Fol.  445.  Basil.  Edit. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]      Causes  of  Love-Melancholtj.  211 

assigns  their  strongimagination  for  a  cause;  Bodine  abundance 
of  wind;  Gordouius  of  seed,  and  spirits,  or  atomi  in  the  seed, 
which  cause  their  violent  and  furious  passions.  Sanguine  thence 
are  soon  caught,  young  folks  most  apt  to  love,  and  by  their 
good  wills,  saith  ^  Lucian,  would  have  a  bout  toith  eoery  one 
they  see  :  the  coifs  evil  is  common  to  all  complexions.  Theo- 
mestus,  a  young  and  lusty  gallant,  acknowledgeth  (in  the  said 
author)  all  this  to  be  verified  in  him;  I  am  so  amoroush)  given, 
^you  may  sooner  number  the  sea  sands,  and  snow  falling  from 
the  skies,  then  my  severall  loves.  Cupid  had  shot  all  his  ar- 
rowes  at  me  :  I  am  deluded  with  various  desires  ;  one  love  suc- 
ceeds another,  and  that  so  soon,  that  before  one  is  ended,  I 
begin  icith  a  second  ;  she  that  is  last  is  still  fairest ;  and  she 
that  is  present  pleaseth  me  most:  as  an  hydras  head,  my  loves 
increase ;  no  lolaiis  can  help  me.  Mine  eyes  are  so  moist  a  re- 
fuge and  sanctuary  of  love,  that  they  draw  all  beauties  to  them, 
and  are  never  satisfied.  I  am  in  a  doubt  what  fury  of  Venus 
this  should  be.  Alas,  how  have  I  offended  her  so  to  vex  me  ! 
what  Hippolitus  am  II  What  Telchin  is  my  genius?  or  is  it 
a  natural  imperfection,  an  hereditary  passion  ?  Another  in 
'  Anacreon  confesseth,  that  he  had  twenty  sweet-hearts  in 
Athens  at  once,  fifteen  at  Corinth,  as  many  at  Thebes,  at  Lesbos, 
and  at  Rhodes,  twice  as  many  in  Ionia,  thrice  in  Caria,  twenty 
thousand  in  all:  or  in  a  word,  "  (pvWx  Travra,  &c. 

Folia  arborum  omnium  si 
Nosti  referre  cuncta, 
Aut  computare  arenas 
In  aeq\iGre  universas, 
Solum  meorum  amorum 
Te  fecero  logistam  ? 

Can'st  count  the  leaves  in  May, 
Or  sands  i'th'  ocean  sea  ? 
Then  count  my  loves  I  pray. 

His  eys  are  like  a  ballance,  apt  to  probend  each  way,  and  to 
be  weighed  down  with  every  wenches  locks;  his  heart  a  wea- 
thercock, his  affections  tinder,  or  naphthe  itself,  which  every 
fair  object,  sweet  smile,  or  mistris  favour  sets  on  fire.  Guiane- 
rius  tract.  15.  cap.  14.  refers  all  this  ^  to  the  hot  temperature 
of  the  testicles.     Ferandus,  a  Frenchman,  in  his  Erotique  MeK 


*  Dial,  amonira.  bCitius  maris  fluctus  et  nives  coelo  delabentes  numeraris, 

qiiam  amores  meos  :  alii  amores  aliis  succedunt,  ac  priusquam  desinant  priores 
incipiunt  sequenies.  Adeo  humidis  oculis  mens  inhabitat  Asylus  omnem  formam  ad  se 
rapiens,  ut  nulla  satietate  expleatur.     Quaemaai  haec  ira  Veneris,  &c.  ^  Num.  32. 

^  Qui  calidam  testiculorum  crisin  habent,  &c. 


2\'2  Love-Melanchohf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

(wLWi  ''l)ook  came  first  to  my  iiaucis  after  the  third  edition) 
to  certain  atomi  in  the  seed,  surh  an  me  very  .fpermntick  and 
full  of  seed.  I  tinde  the  same  in  Aristot.  sect.  4.  proh.  IJ. 
si  lion  seccrnalnr  semen,  ccssnre  ienlif/ines  non  possunt,  as 
Guastavinius  his  commentator  translates  it,  for  whicli  cause 
these  yong-  men,  that  be  strong  set,  of  able  bodies,  are  so  sub- 
ject to  it.  Hercules  de  vSaxonia  hath  the  same  words  in 
elfcct.  But  most  part,  I  say,  such  are  aptest  to  love  that  are 
yong  and  lusty,  live  at  ease,  staul  fed,  free  from  cares,  like 
cattle  in  a  rank  pasture;  idle  and  solitary  persons,  they  must 
needs  hirquitullirc,  as  Guastavinius  recites  out  of  Censorinus. 

^  Mens  erit  apta  capi  turn  quum  loctissima  rcrura, 
Ut  seges  in  pin<^ui  luxuriabit  humo. 
The  minde  is  apt  to  lust,  and  hot  or  cold, 
As  corn  luxuriates  iu  a  better  mould. 

The  place  it  self  makes  much  wherein  we  live;  the  clime,  air, 
and  discipline  if  they  concur.      In  our  Misnia,  saith  Galen, 
neer  to  Pergamns,  thou  shalt  scarce  finde  an  adulterer,  but 
many  at  Rome,  byreason  of  thedelights  of  the  seat.  It  was  that 
plenty  of  all  things  which  made  '^Corinth  so  infamous  of  old, 
and  the  opportunity  of  the  place  to  entertain  those  forraign  com- 
mers  ;  every  day  strangers  came  in  at  each  gate,  from  all 
quarters.    In  that  one  temple  of  Venus,  a  thousand  whores  did 
prostitute  themselves,  as  Strabo  writes;  besides  Lais  and  the  rest 
of  better  note :  All  nations  resorted  thither,  as  to  a  school  of 
Venus.  Your  hot  and  southern  countries  are  prone  to  lust,  and 
far  more  incontinent,  then  those  that  live  in  the  North;  as  Bo- 
dine  discourseth  at  large.  Method,  hist.  cap.  5.  Molles  Asiatici ; 
so  are  Turks,  Greeks,  Spaniards,  Italians,  even  all  that  lati- 
tude: and  in  those  tracts,  such  as  are  more  fruitful,  plentiful, 
and  delitious,  as  Valence  in  Spain,  Capua  in  Italy;  domicilium 
hixus,  Tully  terms  it;  and  which   Ilannibals  souldiers  can 
witness  :    Canopus  in  ^gypt,  Sybaris,  Phoeacia,  Baia, ''  Cy- 
prus, Lampsacus.     In  ''Naples  the  fruits  of  the  soyl  and  plea- 
sant airenervatetheirbodies,and  alter  constitutions:  insomuch, 
that  Plorus  calls  it  Certamen  Bacchi  et  Veneris,  but  '^Folliot 
admires  it.     In  Italy  and  Spain,  they  have  their  stews  in  every 


^  Printed  at  Paris  1(<^,  st-ven  years  after  my  first  edition.  liOvid.  de  art. 

<"  Oerbeiius  descrijit.  Gratia;.  Keruiri  omnium  allliientia  et  loci  mira  opportn- 
nitaM,  nuUo  non  die  liospites  iu  jwrta.s  advertebant.  Temple  Veneris  mille  iiieretrices 
se  prostitiiebant  ''  Tola  Cypri  insula  deliciis  incurabit,  et  ob  id  tantuiii 

luxuriap  dedita  ut  sit  oliin  \>neri  sacrata.  Ortelius,  Lampsacus  dim  Priapo  sacer  ob 
viuum  Renerosum,  et  loci  delicias      Idem.  "^^  Agri  Neapolitan,  delectatio, 

elegiiutia,  amocnitas,  vix  intra  inodum  liumanum  cousistere  videtur;  unde,  &c. 
Leand.  Alber.  in  Campania,  '  Lib.  de  Laud.  nrb.  Neap.  Di.sputat.  de  morbis 

animi,  Reinotdo  Interpret. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]       Causes  of  Love- Melancholy.  213 

o-reat  city,  as  iu  Rome,  Venice,  Florence,  wherein  some  say, 
Swell  ninety  thousand  inhabitants,  of  which  ten  thousand  are 
curtizans;  and  yet  for  all  this,  every  gentleman  almost  hath  a 
peculiar  mistris ;  fornications,  adulteries  are  nowhere  so  com- 
mon :  tirhs  est  jam  tota  lupanar  ;  how  should  a  man  live  ho- 
nest among-  so  many  provocations  ?  now  if  vigor  of  youth, 
greatness  (liberty  I  mean),  and  that  impunity  of  sin,  which 
grandies  take  unto  themselves  in  this  kinde,  shall  meet,  what  a 
gap  must  it  needs  open  to  all  manner  of  vice;  with  what  fury 
will  it  rage  1-  For,  as  Maximus  Tyrius  the  Platonist  observes, 
libido  consequuta  quumfiierit  materiam  improbam,etpra;niptam 
licentiam,  et  effrenatam  audaciam,  S,-c.  what  will  not  lust 
effect  in  such  persons?  For  commonly  princes  and  great  men 
make  no  scruple  at  all  of  such  matters;  but,  with  that  whore 
in  Spartian,  5«?c5'?«'c?  libet  licet ;  they  think  they  may  do  what 
they  list,  profess  it  publikely,  and  rather  brag  with  Proculus 
(that  writ  to  a  friend  of  his  in  Rome  ''what  famous  exploits 
he  had  done  in  that  kinil)  then  any  way  be  abashed  at  it.  ^Ni- 
cholas Sanders  relates  of  Henry  the  8th,  (I  know  not  how  truly) 
Quod  paucas  vidit  pulchriores  quas  non  concupierity  et  pan- 
cissimas  non  conciipierit  quas  non  violdrit:  He  saw  very  few 
maids  that  he  did  not  desire ;  and  desired  fewer  whom  he  did 
notenjoy:  nothing  so  familiar  amongst  them;  'tis  most  of  their 
business  :  Sardanapalus,  Messalina,  and  Jone  of  Naples,  are 
not  comparable  to  *^  meaner  men  and  women;  Solomon  of  old 
had  a  thousand  concubines ;  Assuerus  his  eunuches,  and 
keepers  ;  Nero  his  Tigullinus,  panders,  and  bawds;  the  Turks 
''  Muscovits,  Mogors,  Xeriffs  of  Barbary,  and  Persian  sophies, 
are  no  whit  inferior  to  them,  in  our  times.  Delectus  fit  omnium 
puellarum  toto  regno  forma  proostantiorum  (saith  Jovius) 
pro  imperatore ;  et  quas  ille  linquit,  nobiles  habent ;  They 
press  and  muster  up  wenches  as  mo  do  souldiers ;  and  have 
their  choice  of  the  rarest  beauties  their  countries  can  afford; 
and  yet  all  this  cannot  keep  them  from  adultery,  incest,  sodo- 
my, buggery,  and  such  prodigious  lusts.  We  may  conclude, 
that  if  they  be  yong,  fortunate,  rich,  high  fed,  and  idle  withall, 
it  is  almost  impossible  they  should  live  honest;  not  rage, 
and  precipitate  themselvesinto  those  inconveniences  of  burn- 
ing lust. 

^  Otium  et  reges  prius  et  beatas 
Perdidit  urbes. 


a  Lampridius.     Quod  decern  noctibus  centiiiu  virgiues  fecisaet  nmlicics.  '        i*  \ ita 
pjua.  c  If  they  coutain  themselves,  many  times,  it  is  not  virtutis  ainore  ; 

non  deest  voluntas  sed  tacultas.  ^  In  Muscov.  ''  Catullus  ad 

Lcsbiiun. 


214  Love-Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

\       Idleness  overtbrows  all,  Vacuo  pectore  reqnat  amor,  love 
I   tyrannizcth  in  an  idle  person.     Amore  abundas  Antipho.     If 
liiou  hast  nothing-  to  do, 

■I  a  Invidiu  vel  amorc  miser  torquebere 

Tlioushaltbe  haled  in  pieces  with  envy,  lust,  some  passion  or 
other.  Hombies  mhil  af/endo  male  af/err  di.sciiut ;  'Tis  Ari- 
stotles  simile,  ^  as  match  or  touchwood  takes  JirCy  so  V.oth  an 
idle  person  love. 

Queeritur  iEgistus  quarc  sit  factus  adulter,  &c. 

why  was  yEojstus  a  whoremaster  ?  You  need  not  ask  a  reason 
of  it.  Ismenedora  stole  Baccho,  a  Moman  forced  a  man, 
as  c  Aurora  did  Cephalus:  No  marvel,  saith  ''Plutarch,  Luxu- 
rians  opibus  more  hominum  mulier  ar/it :  She  Mas  rich,  fortu- 
nate and  jolly  ;  and  doth  but  as  men  do  in  that  case,  as  Jupiter 
did  by  Europa,  Neptune  byAmymome.  The  poets  therefore 
<lid  well  to  feig-n  all  shepheards  lovers,  to  g-ive  themselves 
to  song^s  and  dalliances,  because  they  lived  such  idle  lives. 
For  love,  as  •'Theophrastus  defines  it,  is  otiosi  animi  affectus, 
an  atfection  of  an  idle  minde;  or  as  'Seneca  describes  it,  Ju- 
vcntd  fjufnitur,  luxu  mitritur,  feriis  alitur,  otioqne  inter 
IcBta  foriuncc  bona  ;  youth  begets  it,  riot  maintains  it,  idleness 
nourisheth  it,  &c,  which  makes  s  Gordonius  the  physician, 
cap.  ^20.  part.  2.  call  this  disease,  the  proper  passion  of  no- 
bility. Now,  if  a  weak  judg-ement  and  a  strong-  apprehension 
do  concur,  how,  saith  Hercules  de  Saxonia,  shall  they  resist? 
Savanarola  appropriates  it  almost  to  ^  monks,  friers,  and 
reFujious  persons,  because  they  live  solitary,  fare  daintily,  and 
do  nothhty :  and  well  he  may;  for  how  should  they  otherwise 
choose  ? 

Diet  alone  is  able  to  cause  it:  a  rare  thing-  to  see  a  yong 
man  or  a  woman,  that  lives  idly,  and  fares  well,  of  what  con- 
dition soever,  not  (o  be  in  love.  '  Alcibiades  was  still  dallying- 
MJth  wanton  young- women;  immoderate  in  his  expences,  eft'e- 
miiiate  in  his  apparel,  ever  in  love,  but  why?  he  was  over  deli- 
cate in  his  diet;  too  frequent  and  excessive  in  banquets.  Ubi- 
cunque  sccurilus,  ibi  libido  dominatur ;  lust  and  security  domi- 


=>  Hor.  b  Polit.  8.  nnm.  28.    Ut  naphthe  ad  ignem,  sic  amor  ad  illos  qiii  forpes- 

ciint  otio.  f  Paosanias  Attic,  lib.  1.    Cpphaliis  egregiae  formae  .juvenis  ab  Aurora 

raptus,  quod  ejus  amore  capta  esset.  <^  In  amatorio.  efi  Stobaeo  ser.  62. 

f  Amor  otiosa-  ciira  est  sollicitudinis.  ►•'  Principes  plenimqiip  ob  licentiam  et  af- 

fluentiam  divitiarum  istam  passionem  sclent  incarrere.  h  Ardenter  appetit  qui 

otiosam  vitam  agit,  et  communiter  iiicnrrit  base  passio  solitarios  dcliciose  viventen,  in- 
rontiiientcs,  religiosos,  &cc.  '  Plutarch.  vi(.  ejus. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]       Causes  of  Love-Melancholy.  215 

neer  together,  as  S*.  Hierome  aveneth.     .All  which  the  wife 
of  Bath  in  Chaucer  freely  justifies. 

J^or  all  to  ^itktx,  a5  toXa  t\i%t\\tixti\^  Jail, 
fl  litiuort^i)  tongue  mu5t  ijabe  a  liijuon^jb  tail. 

Especially  if  they  shall  further  it  by  choice  diet;  as  many  times 
those  Sybarites  and  Phasaces  do,  feed  liberally,  and  by  their 
g-ood  will,  eat  nothing-  else  but  lascivious  meats.  ^Vinumim- 
prhnis  generosum,  legumen,  J'abas,  radices  omnium  gene- 
rum  bene  co'nditas,  et  largo  pipere  aspersas,  carduos  hor- 
tulanos,  lactucas,  ^  erncas,  rapas,  porros^  ccepas,  nucem  pi' 
ceam,  ami/gdalas  dnlces,  electuaria,  syrupos,  succos,  coch- 
leas,  conchas^  pisces  optime  prwparatos,  aviculas,  testiculos 
animalium,  ova,  condimenta  diversorum  generum,  molles  lec- 
tos,  pulvinaria,  ^c.  Et  quicquid  fere  medici  impoientid 
rei  venerea^  laboranti  prwscribunt,  hoc  quasi  diasatyrion  ha- 
bent  in  deliciis,  et  his  dapes  multo  delicatiores;  mulsum^ 
exqnisitas  et  exoticas  fruges^  aromata,  placentas^  expressos 
succos  multis  ferculis  variatos,  ipsumque  vinum  suavitate 
vincentes,  et  quicquid  culina,  pharmacopoeia,  aut  quceque 
fere  officina  subministrare  possit.  Et  hoc  plerumque  victu 
quum  se  ganeones  infarciant,  "^  7tt  ille  ad  Chreseida  suam,  se 
bulbis  et  cochleis  curavit ;  etiam  ad  Venerem  se  parent^  et 
ad  hanc  palcestram  se  exerceatit,  qui  fieri  possit,  ut  non 
misere  depereant,  "^  ut  non  penitiis  insaniant  ?  ^stuans  ven- 
ter cito  despuit  in  libidineni,  Hieronymus  ait.  ^  Post  prandia, 
Callyroenda.  Quis  enim  continere  se  potest  ?  ^  Luxuriosa  res 
ymviva.,^  f omentum  libidinis  vocat  Augustinus  ;  hlandum  dcs- 
monem,  Bernardus ;  lac  veneris  Aristophanes.  Non  iEtna, 
non  Vesuvius  tantis  ardoribus  aestuant,  ac  juveniles  medullee 
vino  plense,  addit  ^ Hieronymus:  unde  ob  optimum  vinum 
Lampsacusolim  Priapo  sacer :  et  venerandi  Bacchi  socia,  apud 
^  Orpheum  Venus  audit.     Hcec  si  vinum  simplex,  et  per  sc 

sumptum  prcestare  possit,  nam *  quo  me,  Bacchc,   rapis 

tui  plenum  ?  quam  non  insaniam,  quem  nonfurorem  a  cceteris 
expectemus  ?  ^  Gomesius  salem  enumerat  inter  ea  quce  intem- 
pestivam  libidinejn provocare  solent,  et  salaciores  fieri  foeminas 
ob  esum  salis  contendit:  Venerem  ideo  dicunt  ab  oceano 
ortam. 


a  Vina  parant  animos  Veneri.  b  Sed  nihil  erncje  faciunt  bulbique  salaces  ; 

Improba  nee  prosit  jam  satureia  tibi.     Ovid.  cPetronius.     Ciiravi  me  mox 

cibis  validioribus,  &c.  ^  Uti  ille  apud  Sckenkium,  qiii  post  potioneni,  uxo- 

rem  et  qnatuor  ancillas  proximo  cubiculo  cubantes,  compressit.  e  Pers. 

Sat.  3.  I  Siracides.     Nox,  et  amor  vinumque  nihil  moderabile  suadent.  v:  Lip, 

ad  Olympiam.  •'  Hymno.  '  Hor,  1.  3.  Od.  25.  ^  De  sale  lib . 

cap.  21. 


216  Love-Melanchohj,  [Part.  3.    Sec.  2 

•"»  Unde  tot  in  Veneta  scortorum  millia  cur  sunt .' 
In  proniptu  causa  est,  est  Venus  orta  mari. 

Et  liinc  foeta  mater  Salacca  Occani  conjux,  verhimqueforUuise 
sa/(i.r  a  sale  cffluxit.  Mala  Bacchica  tantum  otim  in  amorihus 
piyrralurrtoit,  vt  coronce  ex  illis  statme  Bacchi  ponermtur. 
''  Ciibebis  in  inno  maceratis  utnntnr  Indi  orientalcs  ad  Venerem 
cxcitandam,  et  '^  surax  radice  Africani.  Chinee  radix  eosdem 
effectushabet,  talisque  herbcp  mennnit,  mag.  nat.  lib.  2.  cap.  16. 
*'  Baptista  Porta  ex  India  allata\  cujus  mentiotiem  J'acit  et 
Theophrastus.  Sed  injinita  Im  similia  aptid  Rhasin,  Matthio- 
lam,  Mizaldujn,  cccterosqne  medicos  occnrrnnt,  quorum,  ideo 
mentioncm  feci,  T*e  qnis  iniperitior  in  has  scopnlos  impinyat, 
sed  pro  virili  tanquam  syrtes  et  caiTtes  consulto  effugxat. 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Other  Causes  of  Love- Melancholy.     Siyht,  Beauty  from  the 
facBy  eys,  other  parts  ;  and  hoio  it  pierceth. 

JtI-ANY  such  causes  may  be  reckoned  up,  but  ihey  cannot 
avail,  except  opportunity  be  offered  of  time,  place,  and  those 
other  beautiful  objects,  or  artificial  enticement;  as  kissing,  con- 
ference, discourse,  gestures  concur,  Mith  such  like  lascivious 
provocations.  Koriunannus  in  his  book  de  lined  amoris  makes 
five  degrees  of  lust,  out  of  ^Lucian  belike,  which  he  handles 
in  five  chapters, 

Visus,  Colloquium,  Convictus,  Oscula,  Tactus. 

Sight  of  all  other  is  the  first  step  of  this  unruly  love  ;  though 
sometimes  it  be  prevented  by  relation  or  hearin"-,  or  rather  in- 
censed. For  (iiere  be  those  soapt,  credulous  and  facile  to  love, 
that  if  they  hear  of  a  proper  man,  or  >voman,  they  are  in  love 
before  they  see  them,  and  that  merely  by  relation,  as  Achilles 
Tatius  observes.  '  Such  is  their  intemperance  and  lust,  that  they 
are  as  much  maimed  by  report,  as  if  they  saw  them.  Ca- 
listhenes  a  rich  youny  ycntleman  of  Byzance  in  Thrace, hearing 


a KornmBnniis  lib.  de  virginitate.  •>Garcias  ab  horlo  aromatum,  lib.  1.  cap.  28. 

cSurax  radix  ad  roitum  suinme  facit;  si  qnis  comedat,  aut  infasiouem  bibat,  menibrum 
subito  erigitur.     I.1P0  Afer,  lib.  9.  cap.  ult.  'i  Qua-  non  solum  edentibus  sed  et 

genitale  tatiRentibns  tanUim  viilet,  nt  coire  snmme  desiderent  ;  (juoties  fere  velint,  pos- 
sint ;  alios  duodccies  profeci.sse,  alios  ad  60  vices  perveiiis.se  refert  >^  Lucian. 

I'oni.  4.  Dial.  amurniD.  'Ea  eniui  hoiuinum  inteuiperantium  libido  est  ut  etiam 

famck  ad  amandum  impellanturj  et  audicntes  aque  afliciuutur  ac  ndentea. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Love- Melancholy.  217 

o/"*  Leucippe,  Sostratus  fair  daughter,  was  far  in  love  with 
her  ;  and  out  of  fame  and  common  rumour,  so  much  incensed, 
that  he  would  needs  have  her  to  he  his  tvife.  And  sometimes 
by  reading  they  are  so  affected,  as  he  in  ^  Lucian  confesseth 
of  himself,  /  never  read  that  place  ofPantheain  Xenophon, 
hut  lam  as  much  affected,  as  if  I  were  present  with  her.  ^Such 
persons  commonly  fain  a  kind  of  beauty  to  themselves ;  and 
so  did  those  three  gentlewomen,  in  ^  Balthasar  Castilio,  fall  in 
love  with  a  young  man,  whom  they  never  knew,  but  only  heard 
him  commended  :  or  by  reading  of  a  letter;  for  there  is  a  grace 
commeth  from  hearing, « as  a  moral  philosopher  informeth  us, 
as  well  as  from  sight ;  and  the  species  of  love  are  received  into 
thephantasie  by  relation  alone:  ^ut  cupereah  aspectu,sicvelle 
ah  auditu,  both  senses  affect.  Interdum  et  absentes  amamus, 
sometimes  we  love  those  that  are  absent,  saith  Philostratus, 
and  gives  instance  in  his  friend  Athenodorus,  that  lov'd  a  maid 
at  Corinth  whom  he  never  saw ;  non  oculi  sed  mens  videt.  We 
see  with  the  eyes  of  our  understanding. 

But  the  most  familiar  and  usual  cause  of  love,  is  that  which 
comes  by  sight,  which  conveys  those  admirable  rayes  of  beauty 
and  pleasing  graces  to  the  heart.  Plotinus  derives  love  from 
sight,  i^i  quasi  ofa<r»t. 

^  Si  nescis.  oculi  sunt  in  amore  duces, 

the  eys  are  the  harbingers  of  love,  and  the  first  step  of  love  is 
sight,*' as LiliusGiraldus proves  at  large,  hist.  Deor.syntag.  13, 
they,  as  twosluces,  let  in  the  influences  ofthat  divine,  powerful, 
soul-ravishing,  and  captivating  beauty ;  which,  as  ^one  saith,  w 
sharper  then  any  dart  or  needle,  wounds  deeper  into  the  heart ; 
and  opens  a  gap  through  our  eys  to  that  lovely  tcound,  which 
pierceth  the  soul  itself  (Eccles.  18).  Through  it  love  is  kin- 
dled like  afre.  This  amazjng,  confounding,  admirable,  ami- 
able beauty,  ^then  whichinall 7iatures treasure (snithlsocvates) 
there  is  nothing  so  majestical  'and  sacred,  nothing  so  divine, 
lovely,  pretious  ;  'tis  natures  crown,  gold  and  glory;  honumsi 
non  summum,  de  summis  tamen  non  infrequenter  triumphant. 


aForraosam  Sostrati  filiara  audiens,  uxorem  cupit,  et  solA  illius  aaditione  ardet. 
bQuotiesde  Panthed  Xenophontis  locum  perlego,  ita  animo  affectus  ac  si  coram  in- 
tiierer.  c  Pulchritudinem  sibi  ipsis  confingunt,  imagines.  d  De  aulico, 

lib.  2.  fol.  116.  'tis  a  pleasant  story,  and  related  at  large  by  him.  e  Gratia  venit 

ab  auditu  aeque  ao  visa,  et  species  amoris  inphantasiam  recipiuntsolfl  relatione.     Pico- 
lomineus  grad.  8.  c  38.  'Lip.  cent.  22.  epist.  29,  Beauties  Encomions. 

sPropert.  •>  Amoris  primum  gradum  visus  habet,  ut  aspiciat  rem  amatam. 

'  Achilles  Tatius,  lib.  1.    Forma  telo  quovis  acutior  ad  inferendum  vuIdus,  perque  ocu- 
los  amatorio  vulneri  aditum  patefaciens  in  animum  penetrat.  ''  In  tota  rerum 

natuva  nihil  form'i  diviaius,  nihil  augustius,  nihil  pretiosius,  ciyus  vires  hinc  facile  in- 
telliguntiir,  Sec. 


218  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

whose  power  hence  may  be  discerned;  we  contemn  and  abl)or 
oencrally  such  things,  as  are  foul  and  ugly  to  behold,  accompt 
thoni  filthy,  but  love  and  covet  that  which  is  fair.  *Tis  beauty 
in  all  things, which  pleaseth  and  allureth  us;  a  fair  hawk,  a 
fine  garment,  a  goodly  building,  a  fair  house,  &c.  That  Per- 
sian Xerxes  when  he  destroyed  all  those  temples  of  the  gods 
in  Greece,  caused  that  of  Diana,  hi  inter/ rum  servari,  to  be 
spared,  alone  for  that  excellent  beauty  and  magnificence  of  it. 
Inanimate  beauty  can  so  command.  'Tis  tliat  which  painters, 
artificers,  orators,  all  aym  at ;  as  Eriximachus  the  physician 
in  Plato  contends,  ^it  icas  beautr/  first,  that  ministered  occa- 
sion to  art,  to  find  out  the  knoivledr/e  of  carving,  painting, 
building  ;  tofindont  models,  perspectives,  richjurnitnres,  and 
so  munrj  rare  inventions.  Whiteness  in  the  lilly,  red  in  the 
rose,  purple  in  the  violet,  a  lustie  in  all  things  without  life,  the 
cleer  light  of  the  moon,  the  bright  beams  of  the  sun,  splendor 
of  gold,  purple,  sparkling  diamond,  the  excellent  feature  of 
the  horse,  the  majesty  of  the  lion,  the  colour  of  birds,  peacocks 
tails,  the  silver  scales  offish,  we  behold  with  singular  delight 
and  admiration.  ""  And  which  is  rich  in  plants,  delightful  in 
flowers^  wonderful  in  beasts,  but  7nost  glorious  in  men,  doth 
make  us  affect  and  earnestly  desire  it ;  as  when  we  hear  any 
sweet  harmony,  an  eloquent  tongue,  see  any  excellent  quality, 
curious  work  of  man,  elaborate  art,  or  ought  that  is  exquisite, 
there  ariseth  instantly  in  us  a  longing  for  the  same.  We  love 
such  men,  but  most  part  for  comeliness  of  person;  we  call 
them  gods  and  goddesses,  divine,  serene,  happy,  &c.  And  of 
all  mortal  men  they  alone  ("*  Calcagninus  holds)  are  free  from 
calumny;  (jui  divkiis,  magistratu  et  gloria  for  ent,  injuria  la- 
cessimus  ;  we  back-bite,  Mrong,  hate,  renowned,  rich  and  happy 
men ;  we  repine  at  their  felicity,  they  are  luideserving-  we 
think;  fortune  is  a  step-mother  to  us,  a  parent  to  them.  We 
envg  (saith  *"  Isocrates)  wise.  Just,  honest  men  ;  except  with  mu' 
iual  offices  and  kindnesses,  some  good  turn  or  other,  theg  extort 
this  love  from  us;  only  fair  persons  we  love  at  first  sight, de- 
sire  their  acfjuaintance,  and  adore  them  as  so  many  gods  ;  we 
had  rnther  serve  them  then  command  others  ;  and  account  our 
selves  the  more  beholding  to  them,  the  more  service  they  en- 
joyn  us  :  though  they  be  otherwise  vitious,  unhonest,  we  love 
them,  favour  them,  and  are  ready  to  do  them  any  good  office 


«  Christ  FoDseca.  b  S.  L.  cBruys  prob.  11.  de  forma  e  Luciano. 

•*  Lib.  de  calnmnia.  Fonnosi  calumnia  vacant ;  dolrnius  alios  meliore  loco  positos, 
fortunam  nobis  novercam,  iliis,  &c.  elnvidemus  sapientibiis,  justis,  nisi beneficijs 

assidneamorem  extorquent:  .solos  formosos  anianius  et  primoveIiitaspecttibene%oIer.tia 
conjnngiiniir,  et  eos  tauquam  Deos  colimus,  libentius  iit  servimusqnani  nliisitnjH ramus, 
luajoremque,.  &c. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Love-Melancholy.  219 

for  their  *  beauties  sake,  though  they  have  no  other  good  qua- 
lity beside.  Die  igitur.,  oformose  adolescens  (as  that  eloquent 
Phavorinus  breaks  out  in  ''Stobeus)  die,  ^ntiloque,  suavius 
nectar e  loqueris ;  die,  6  Telemache,  vehemeutius  Ulysse  dicis  ; 
die,  Alcibiades,  iitcunqne  ebrius^  libentius  tibi  licet  ebrio  aus- 
cultabimus.  Speak,  fair  youth,  speak,  Antiloquus,  thy  words 
are  sweeter  then  nectar;  speak,  O  Telemachus,  thou  art  more 
powerful  then  Ulysses;  speak,  Alcibiades,  though  drunk,  we 
will  willingly  hear  thee  as  thou  art  Faults  in  such  are  no 
faults :  For  when  the  said  Alcibiades  had  stoln  Anytus  hisgold 
and  silver  plate,  he  was  so  far  from  prosecuting  so  foul  a  fact 
(though  every  man  else  condemned  his  impudence,  and  inso- 
lency)'  that  be  wished  it  had  been  more,  and  much  better  (be 
loved  him  dearly)  for  his  sweet  sake.  No  worth  is  eminent 
in  such  lovely  persons,  all  imperfections  hid;  non  enim  facile 
de  his  quos  plurimum  diliginms,  turpitudinem  suspicamur,  for 
hearing,  sight,  touch,  &c.  our  mind  and  all  our  senses  are  cap- 
tivated, omnes  sensnsforviosus  delectat.  Many  men  have  been 
preferred  for  their  person  alone;  chosen  kings, as  amongst  the 
Indians,  Persians,  ^Ethiopians  of  old  :  the  properest  man  of 
person  the  country -could  afford,  was  elected  their  soveraign 
lord  ;  gratior  est pulchro  veniens  e  corpore  virtus,  and  so  have 
many  other  nations  thought  and  done,  as  *=  Curtius  observes  ; 
inqens  enini  in  corporis  maj estate  veneratio  est,  for  there  is  a 
majestical  presence  in  such  men :  and  so  far  was  beauty  adored 
amongst  them,  that  no  man  was  thought  fit  to  reign,  that  was 
not  in  all  parts  com  pleat  and  supereminent.  Agis  king  of 
Lacedsemon  had  like  to  have  been  deposed,  because  he  mar- 
ried a  little  wife  ;  they  would  not  have  their  royal  issue  dege- 
nerate. Who  would  ever  have  thought  that  Adrian  the 
fourth,  an  English  monks  bastard  (as  ^  Papirius  Massovius 
writes  in  his  life)  inops  a  suis  relictus,  squalidusetmisei;  a  poor 
forsaken  child,shouldevercometobepopeof  Rome?  But  why 
was  it  ?  Erat  acri  ingenio,  facundia  expeditd,  eleganti  cor- 
pore, facieque  Icetd  ac  hilari,  as  he  follows  it  out  of  ^  Nubri- 
gensis  ;  (for  he  ploughs  with  his  heifer,)  he  was  wise,  learned, 
eloquent,  of  a  pleasant,  a  promising  countenance,  a  goodly 
proper  man ;  he  had,  in  a  word,  a  winning  look  of  his  own, 
and  that  carryed  it ;  for  that  he  was  especially  advanced.  So 
Saul  teas  a  goodly  person  and  fair.  Maxirainus  elected  era- 
perour,  &c.     Branchus,  the  son  of  Apollo,  whom  he  begot 


aForniEe  majestateni  Barbari  verentur,  nee  alii  majores  quam  quos  eximia  fonna 
natiira  donata  est     Herod,  lib.  5.  Curtius  6.    Arist.  Polit.  bSerm.  63.   Plutarch, 

vit.  ejus.     Brisonins  Strabo.  ^Lib.  5.  Magnoruraque  operuiii  non  alios  capaces 

putant  quam  quos  cxiinia  specie  natura  donavit.  <^  Lib.  de  vitis  Pontilicum  fioin. 

''Lib.  2.  cap.  6. 


220  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  $.  Sec.  2. 

of  Janco,  Surcrons  daughter  (saJth  Lactanthis)  when  he  kept 
kinsT-  Adincfus  hcards  in  Thes.saly,  now  grown  a  man,  was  an 
earnest  suitor  to  his  mother  to  know  his  fatlier;  tlie  nympli 
denyed  him,  l)ecause  Apollo  had  conjured  her  to  the  contrary ; 
yet  overcome  by  his  importunity  at  hist,  she  sent  him  to  liis 
father;  when  he  came  into  Apollos  presence, 7Wrt/«.v  Dei  reve- 
r enter  osculat7is  ;  lie  carried  himself  so  well,  and  was  so  fair 
a  yong  man,  that  Apollo  was  infinitely  taken  with  the  beauty 
of  his  person,  he  could  scarce  look  off  him ;  and  said,  he  was 
worthy  of  such  parents,  gave  him  a  crown  of  gold,  the  spirit 
of  divination,  and  in  conclusion,  made  him  a  demi-god. 
O  vis  superba  forvice^  a  goddess  beauty  is,  v.'hom  the  very- 
gods  adore,  nam  pulchros  Dii  amant ;  she  is  amoris  domimi, 
loves  harbinger,  loves  loadstone,  awitch,acharm,  &c.  Beauty 
is  a  dowre  of  itself,  a  sufficient  patrimony,  an  ample  commen- 
dation, an  accurate  epistle,  as  ^Lucian,  Apuleius,  Tiraquellus, 
and  some  ^others  conclude.  Imperio  digna  Jorma,  beauty 
deserves  a  kingdome,  saith  Abulensis, />r/r«(/o.c.  2.  cap.  110. 
immortality;  and  '  more  have  got  this  honour  and  eternity  for 
their  beauty,  then  J'or  all  other  vertucs  besides:  and  such  as 
are  fair,  **  are  worthy  to  be  honoured  of  fjod  and  men.  That 
Idalian  Ganymedes  was  therefore  fetched  by  Jupiter  into  hea- 
ven; lIepha?stion  dear  to  Alexander;  Antinous  to  Adrian. 
Plato  calls  beauty  for  that  cause,  a  privilege  of  nature,  natnrce 
f/avdentis  opus,  natures  master-piece,  '  a  dumb  comment ; 
Theophrastus,  a  silent  fraud  ;  still  rhetorick  Carneades,  that 
perswades  without  speech,  a  kingdome  \vithout  a  guard,  be- 
cause beautiful  persons  command  as  so  many  captains  ;  So- 
crates, a  tyranny,  which  tyrannizeth  over  tyrants  themselves  ; 
which. made  Diogenes,  belike,  call  proper  women  queans, 
quodj'acerent  homines  (pim  prwciperetit,  because  men  were  so 
obedient  to  their  commands.  They  will  adore,  cringe,  com- 
plement and  bow  to  a  common  wench  (if  she  be  fair)  as  if 
she  were  a  noble  woman,  a  countess,  a  queen  or  a  goddess. 
Those  intemperate  yong  men  of  Greece,  erected  at  Delphos, 
a  golden  image  with  infinite  cost,  to  the  eternal  memory 
of  Phryne  the  curtizan,  as  iElian  relates  ;  for  she  Mas  a 
most  beautiful  woman,  in  so  much,  saith  •  Atheneseus,  that 
Appelles  and  Praxiteles  drew  Venus'  picture  from  her.  Thus 
yong  men  will  adore  and  honour  beauty ;  nay  kings  them- 


»Dial.  amoram,  c.  2.  demagift.  Lib.  2.  ronnub.  cap.  27.  Virgo  forraosa,  etsi  op- 
jiido  pauper,  abunde  est  dotata.  blgocrates.  "PJiires  <ib  forniam  immortalitatiin 
adt'pti  aimt  qiiatii  ob  relitpiaH  omiies  virfutes.  J  Lucian.  tom.  4.     Cliaridiemon. 

Qui  piilchri,  nit  rito  ni)ii(l  1)(  os  it  iipud  homines  honore  alF*  rti.         '  Mu(u  coninientatio, 
<(ii;i%is  .  pi.sti>l;i  ad  comiiundandum  tflicacior.  'Lib.  It.     Var.  hist.  Tuuta  former 

tlcgantiu  ut  ab  rfl  uudi'i,  &e. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  221 

selves  I  say  will  do  it ;  and  voluntarily  submit  their  soveraignty 
to  a  lovely  woman.  Wine  is  stronc/ ;  kincfs  are  strong  ;  hut 
a  women  strongest,  1  Esd.  4.10.  as  Zerobabel  proved  at  large 
to  king  Darius,  his  princes  and  noblemen.  Kings  sit  still  and 
command  sea  and  land^  ^c.  all  pay  tribute  to  the  king  ;  hut 
women  make  kings  pay  trihute,  and  have  dominion  over  them. 
When  they  have  got  gold  and  silver,  they  suhmit  all  to  a 
beautiful  woman;  give  themselves  wholly  to  her,  gape  and 
gaze  on  her,  and  all  men  desire  her  more  then  gold  or  silver, 
or  any  pretious  thing  ;  they  will  leave  father  and  mother, 
and  venture  their  lives  Jor  her  ;  labour  and  travel  to  get,  and 
bring  all  their  gains  to  women;  steal,  fight  and  spoilj'or  their 
mistress  sakes.  And  no  king  so  strong,  but  a  fair  woman  is 
stronger  then  he  is.  All  things  (as  he  "  proceeds)  fear  to 
touch  the  king  ;  yet  I  saw  him  and  Apame  his  concubine,  the 
daughter  of  the  famous  Bartacus,  sitting  on  the  right  hand  of 
the  king,  and  she  took  the  crown  off  his  head,  and  put  it  on  her  , 
own,  and  stroke  him  with  her  left  hand  ;  yet  the  king  gaped 
and  gazed  on  her,  and  when  she  laughed  he  laughed,  and  when 
she  was  angry,  he  faltered  to  be  reconciled  to  her.  So  beauty 
commands  even  kings  themselves ;  nay  whole  armies  and 
kingdomes  are  captivated,  together  with  their  kings  :  ^ Forma 
vincit  armatos^  ferrum  pulchritudo  captivat;  vincentur  specie, 
qui  non  vincentur  pralio.  And  'tis  a  great  matter,  saith  *=  Xe- 
nophon,  and  of  which  all  fair  persons  may  worthily  brag, 
that  a  strong  man  must  labour  for  his  living  if  he  will  have 
ought ;  a  valiant  man  must  fight  and  endanger  himself  for  it, 
a  wise  man  speak,  sheic  himself  and  toil;  but  a  fair  and 
beautiful  peison  doth  all  with  ease  ;  he  compasseth  his  desire 
without  any  pains  taking:  God  and  men,  heaven  and  earth 
conspire  to  honour  him;  every  one  pitties  him  above  other, 
if  he  be  in  need,  '^and  all  the  world  is  willing  to  do  him  good. 
^Chariclea  fell  into  the  hands  of  pyrats,  but  when  all  the  rest 
were  put  to  the  edge  of  the  sword,  she  alone  was  preserved 
for  her  person.  ^  When  Constantinople  was  sacked  by  the 
Turks,  Irene  escaped,  and  was  so  far  from  being-  made  a  cap- 
tive, that  she  even  captivated  the  grand  Senior  himself.  So 
did  Rosamond  insult  over  king  Henry  the  second: 

'6'  I  was  so  fair  an  object, 


Whom  fortune  made  my  king,  my  love  made  subject ; 


^  Esdras,  4.  29.  ^  Origen  horn.  23.  in  Numb.     In  \\nia  tyrannos  tyrannidem 

exercet.  ^  i]l„(j  cprte  raagnnm  ob  quod  gloriari  possunt  formosi,  quod  robustis  ne- 

cessariura  sit  laborare,  fortem  pericuiis  se  objicere,  sapientem,  &c.  ^  Majorem 

vim  habet  ad  comraendandura  forma,  quam  accurate  ecripta  epistola.     Arist.        eHe- 
liodor.  lib.  I.  f  Knowles,  hist.  Turcica.  g  Daniel  in  complaint  of  Rosamond. 


222  Lovf-Melanchohf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

He  found  by  proof  the  priviledge  of  beauty, 
That  it  had  power  to  countermand  all  duty. 

It  captivates  <lie  very  gods  themselves,  Morosiora  numina. 

a  — — Deus  ipse  Dcoruiii 

Factus  ob  banc  formam  bos,  equus,  imber,  olor. 

And  those  viali  genii  are  taken  with  it,  as  ^\  have  already 
proved,  Formosam  Barhari  vcrentnr,et  ad aspectum pnlchrum 
immanis  animus  mansuescit.  (Ileliodor.  lib.  5)  The  Barba- 
rians stand  in  awe  of  a  fair  woman,  and  at  a  beautiful  aspect, 
a  fierce  spirit  is  pacified.  For  when  as  Troy  was  taken,  and 
the  wars  ended  (as  Clemens  '  Alexandriniis  quotes  out  of  Eu- 
ripides) angry  Menelaus  with  rage  and  fury  armed,  came 
with  his  sword  drawn,  to  have  killed  Helena  with  his  own 
hands,  as  being  the  sole  cause  of  all  those  wars  and  miseries : 
but  when  he  saw  her  fair  face,  as  one  amazed  at  the  divine 
beauty,  he  let  his  weapon  fall,  and  embraced  her  besides;  he 
had  no  power  to  strike  so  sweet  a  creature.  Ercjo  lu'.hetantnr 
eiises  pulchriiudlne,  the  edge  of  a  sharp  sword  (as  the  saying 
is)  is  dulled  with  a  beautiful  aspect,  and  severity  it  self  is  over- 
come. Iliperides  the  orator,  Avhen  Phryne  his  client  was  ac- 
sused  at  Athens  for  her  lewdness,  used  no  other  defence  in  her 
cause,  but  tearing  her  upper  garment,  disclosed  her  naked 
breast  to  the  judges;  with  which  comeliness  of  her  body  and 
amiable  gesture,  they  were  so  moved  aud  astonished,  that  they 
did  acrjuit  her  forthwith,  and  let  her  go.  O  noble  piece  of 
justice  !  mine  author  exclaims,  and  who  is  he  that  would  not 
rather  lose  his  seat  and  robes,  forfeit  liis  office,  then  give  sen- 
tence against  the  majesty  of  beauty  ?  Such  prerogatives  have 
fair  persons,  and  they  alone  are  free  from  danger.  Partheno- 
pseus  was  so  lovely  and  fair,  that  when  he  fought  in  the  The- 
ban  wars,  if  his  face  had  been  by  chance  bare,  no  enemy 
would  offer  to  strike  at  or  hurt  him  ;  such  immunities  hath 
beauty.  Beasts  themselves  are  moved  with  it.  Sinalda  was  a 
woman  of  such  excellent  feature,  *"  and  a  queen,  that  when 
she  was  to  be  trodden  on  by  wild  horses  for  punishment,  the 
wild  beasts  stood  in  admiration  of  her  person^  (Saxo  Gramma- 
ticus  lib.  8.  Dan.  Hist.)  and  tcoiild  not  Imrt  her.  Wherefore 
did  that  royal  virgin  in  "  Apuleius,  when  she  fled  from  the 
theeves  den,  in  a  desart,  make  such  an  apostrophe  to  her 
asse  on  whom  she  rode  ?  (for  what  knew  she  to  the  contrary 

»  Stioza  filius  Ejjig.  '-Sect.  2.  Men-.b  1.  Sub.  1.  <^  Stromatiim  1.  Postcap- 

tam  Trojam  cum  impetii  ferrefur  ail  occidendani  llelenain,  stupore  adeo  puli hritudinis 
corrpptus,  ut  ferrum  excideretj  &c,  ''  Tanta-  foritire  fuit,  ut  cum  >  incta  loris, 

feris  exposita  foret,  equoram  calcibusobterenda,  ipsis  juinentisadmirationi  fuit ;  la;dere 
noluerunt.  «  Lib,  8.  miles. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  223 

hut  that  he  was  an  asse  ?)  Si  me  parentibus  et  proco  formoso 
reddideris,  qtias  tibi  gratias,  quos  honores  habebo,  qnos  cibos 
exhibebo  !  She  would  comb  liim,  dress  him,  feed  him,  and 
trick  him  every  <Iay  her  self,  and  he  should  work  no  more, 
toil  no  more,  but  rest  and  play,  &c.  And  besides,  she  would 
have  a  dainty  picture  drawn,  in  perpetual  remembrance,  a 
viroin  riding'  upon  an  asses  back  with  this  motto,  Asino  vec- 
tore  refjia  virgofuyiens  captivitatem  ;  why  said  she  all  this  ? 
why  did  she  make  such  promises  to  a  dumb  beast?  But  that 
she  perceived  the  poor  asse  to  be  taken  with  her  beauty  ;  for 
he  did  often  o6%MO  collo pedes  puellcs  decoros  basiare,  kiss  her 
feet  as  she  rid,  et  ad  delicatulas  voculas  tentabat  adhinnire; 
offer  to  give  consent,  as  much  as  in  him  was,  to  her  delicate 
speeches ;  and  besides  he  had  some  feeling  as  she  conceived 
of  her  misery.  And  why  did  Theogines'  horse  in  Heliodorus 
^  curveat,  prance,  and  go  so  proudly,  exultans  alacriter  et  su- 
perbiens,  ^'C.  but  that  sure,  as  mine  author  supposeth,  he  was 
in  love  with  his  master  ?  d'lxisses  ipsum  equum  pulchnim  in- 
telligere  pulchramdominiformam  ?  A  fly  lighted  on  ^  Malthius 
cheek  as  he  lay  asleep;  but  why?  Not  to  hurt  him,  as  a  para- 
site of  his,  standing  by  well  perceived,  non  tit  pungeret,  sedut 
oscularetur,  but  certainly  to  kiss  him,  as  ravished  with  his 
divine  looks.  Inanimate  creatures,  I  suppose,  have  a  touch 
of  this,  when  a  drop  of  ''Psyches  candle  fell  on  Cupids 
shoulder,  I  think,  sure,  it  was  to  kiss  it.  When  Venus  ran  to 
meet  her  rose-cheeked  Adonis,  as  an  elegant  '*  poet  of  ours  sets 
her  out, 

the  bushes  in  the  way 

Some  catch  her  neck,  some  kiss  her  face. 

Some  twine  about  her  legs  to  make  her  stay, 

And  all  did  covet  her  for  to  embrace. 

Aer  ipse  amore  inficitur,  as  Heliodorus  holds,  the  ayr  it  self  is 
in  love :  for  when  Hero  plaid  upon  her  lute, 

«  Tlie  wanton  air  in  twenty  sweet  forms  danc't 
After  her  fingers — 

and  those  lascivious  winds  staid  Daphne  when  she  fled  from 
Apollo } 

■^nudabant  corpora  venti, 
Obviaque  adversas  vibrabant  flamina  vestes. 

Boreas    ventus    loved  Hyacinthus,   and  Orithya    Ericthons 
daughter  of  Athens :  vi  rapuit,  ^-c.  he  took  her  away  by  force, 


^^-Ethiop.  1.  3.  b  Athenaeos,  lib.  S.  ^  Apuleius,  Anr.  asino, 

<*  Shakespeare.  «  Marlow.  fOv.  Met.  1. 


224  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

as  sJjc  w.-Ms  playing  with  other  wenches  at  Ilissiis,  -and  hecjat 
Zetes  and  Galais  his  two  sons,  of  her.  That  seas  and  waters 
are  enamoured  with  (his  our  l)oauty,  is  all  out  as  likely  as  (hat 
of  the  air  and  winds;  for  when  Leander  swininied  in  the  Hel- 
lespont, Neptune  with  his  trident  did  heat  down  the  waves, 
but 

They  still  moiinted  up,  intending  to  have  kiss'd  him. 
And  fell  in  drops,  like  tears,  because  they  mist  him. 

The  ''river  Alphcus  was  in  love  with  Arethusa,  as  she  tel.sthe 
tale  herself; 

. — viridesque  manu  siccata  capillos, 

Fluminis  Alphei  veteres  recitavit  amorcs  ; 
Pars  ego  Nyrapharura,  &c. 

When  our  Tame  and  Isis  meet, 

^  Oscula  mille  sonant,  connexu  brachia  palicnt, 
Mutuaque  explicitis  connectunt  coUa  lacertis. 

Inachus  and  Pineus,  and  how  many  loving- rivers  can  I  reckon 
up,  whom  beauty  hath  enthral'd  I  I  say  nothing  all  (his  while 
of  idols  themselves,  that  have  committed  Idolatry  in  this  kind; 
of  looking--glasses,  that  have  been  rapt  in  love  (if  you  will  be- 
lieve '  poets)  when  their  ladies  and  mistresses  looked  on  to 
dress  them. 

Et  si  non  habeo  sensum,  tua  gratia  sensum 
Exhibet,  et  calidi  sentio  amoris  onus. 

Dirigis  hue  quoties  spectantia  lumina,  flamma 
Succendunt  inopi  saucia  membra  mihi. 

Though  I  no  sense  at  all  of  feeling  have. 
Yet  your  sweet  looks  do  animate  and  save  ; 
And  when  your  speaking  eys  do  this  way  turn. 
Me  thinks  my  wounded  members  live  and  burn. 

I  could  tell  you  such  another  story  of  a  spindle,  that  was  fired 
by  a  fair  ladies  i looks,  or  fingers,  some  say,  I  know  not 
well  whether  ;  but  fired  it  was  by  report ;  and  of  a  cold  bath 
that  suddenly  smoaked,  and  was  very  hot  when  naked  Coelia 
came  into  it. 

Miraniur  quis  sit  tantus  et  unde  vapor,  &c. 

But  of  all  the  tales  in  this  kind,  that  is  the  most  memorable  of 
^  Death  himself,  Avhen  he  should  have  stroken  a  sweet  yong 


^  Ovid.  Met  lib.  5.  hLeland.  cAngtrianus.  J  Si  long* 

aspiciens  Lkc  urit  luiuine  Divos  Atque  homines  prope,  cur  urere  Una  neqmt?  Angeri- 
anus.  <^  Idem  An'gf  r. 


Mt;m.  2.  Subs.  2.j         Beauty  a  Cause,  225 

virgin  with  his;  dart,  he  fell  in  love  with  the  object.  Many 
more  such  could  [  relate,  which  are  to  be  believed  with  a  po- 
etical faith.  So  duin  and  dead  creatures  dote  :  but  men  are 
mad,  stupefied  many  times  at  the  first  sight  of  beauty,  amazed, 
^as  that  fisherman  in  Aristaenetus,  that  spied  a  maid  bathing- 
herself"  by  the  sea  side, 

''SoUitamihi  sunt  omnia  membra 

A  capite  ad  calcem,  sensusqiie  omnis  periit 

De  pectore,  tarn  iinniensus  stupor  animum  invasit  mihi. 

And  as  =  Lucian  in  his  imag-es,  confesseth  of  himself,  that  he 
was  at  his  mistriss  presence,  void  of  all  sense,  immoveable,  as  if 
he  had  seen  a  Gorgonshead  :  which  was  no  such  cruel  mon- 
ster, (as  '^Coelius  interprets  it,  lib.  3.  cap.  9.)  hut  the  verij 
(juintessence  of  beauty  ;  some  fair  creature,  as  without  doubt 
the  poet  understood  in  the  first  fiction  of  it,  at  which  the  spec- 
tators were  amazed.  ""  Miseri  quibus  intent ata  nitex,  poor 
wretches  are  compelled  at  the  very  sight  of  her  ravishing- 
looks  to  run  mad,  or  make  away  themselves. 

^They  wait  the  sentence  of  her  scornful  eys  ; 
And  whom  she  favours  lives,  the  other  dyes. 

sHeliodorus  lib.  1.  brings  in  Thyamis  almost  besides  himself 
when  he  saw  Chariclea  first;  and  not  daring  to  look  upon  her 
a  second  time,ybr  he  thowjht  it  impossible  for  any  man  livinr/ 
to  see  her  and  contain  himself.  The  very  fame  of  beauty  will 
fetch  them  to  it  many  miles  off,  (such  an  attractive  power  this 
loadstone  hath)  and  they  will  seem  but  short;  they  will  un- 
dertake any  toil  or  trouble,  ^  long  journeys.  Penia  or  Ata- 
lanta  shall  not  overgo  them,  through  seas,  desarts,  mountains, 
and  dangerous  places,  as  they  did  to  gaze  on  Psyche  ;  many 
mortal  men  came  far  and  neer  to  see  that  glorious  object  of 
her  age;  Paris  for  Helena ;  Corebus  to  Troja ; 

iUis  Trojam  qui  forte  diebus 

Venerat  insano  Cassandrse  incensus  amore. 

King  John  of  France,  once  prisoner  in  England,  came  to  visit 
his  old  friends  again,  crossing  the  seas;  but  the  truth  is,  his 
comming  was  to  see  the  countess  of  Salisbury,  the  non-pareil 


*  Obstupuit  mirabundas  membrornm  elegantiam,  &c.  ep.  7.  b  Stobaens  e  Graeco. 

cParura  abfuit  quo  minus  saxum  ex  horaine  factus  sum,  ipsis  statuis  immobiliorein  me 
fecit.  '^  Veteres  Gorgonis  fabulam  confinxf  rimt,  eximiiim  format  decas 

stupidos  reddens.  efior.  Ode5.  'Marlows  Hero.  eAspectum 

virginis  sponte  fugit  insanus  fere,  et  impossihile  existinians  ut  simul  earn  asjiicere  qiiis 
possit,  et  intra  teraperantiae  metas  se  continere.  '' Apuleius  1,  4.     Multi  inortales 

longis  itineribus,  8tc. 

VOL.  II.  Q 


226  Love-Melancholy.  [Fart.  3.  Sec.  2. 

of  tliose  times,  and  his  dear  mistriss.  Tliat  infernal  god  Plutus 
came  from  hell  it  self,  to  steal  Proserpina;  Achilles  left  all  his 
friends  for  i^olixenus  sake,  his  enemies  daughter ;  and  all  the 
''Grsecian  gods  forsook  their  heavenly  mansions  for  that  fair 
lady,  Philo  Dioneus  daughters  sake,  the  paragon  of  Greece  in 
those  days ;  ed  enim  vcnustatej'uit,  ut  earn  certatim  omnes  Dii 
conjugem  expeterent, 

^  Formosa  Divis  imperat  puella. 

They  will  not  only  come  to  see,  but,  as  a  faulkoncr  makes  an 
hungry  hawke  hover  about ;  follow,  give  attendance  and  ser- 
vice, spend  goods,  lives,  and  all  their  fortunes  to  attain  ; 

Were  beauty  under  twenty  locks  kept  fast, 

Yet  love  breaks  through,  and  picks  them  all  at  last. 

When  fair ''Hero  came  abroad,  the  eys,  hearts,  and  aftections  of 
her  spectators  were  stdl  attendant  on  her. 

^  Et  medios  inter  vultus  supereminet  omnes, 
Perque  urbem  aspiciunt  venientem  numinis  instar. 

^So  far  above  the  rest  fair  Hero  shin'd, 
And  stole  away  th'  inchanted  gazers  mind. 

'^  When  Peter  Aretines  Lucretia  came  first  to  Rome,  and  that 
the  fame  of  her  beauty,  ad  iirhanarum  deliciarum  sectatores 
renerat,  nemo  non  ad  videndam  earn,  &rc.  was  spread  abroad, 
they  came  in  (as  they  say)  thick  and  threefold  to  see  her,  and 
hovered  about  her  gates,  as  they  did  of  old  to  Lais  of  Corinth, 
and  Phryne  of  Thebes. 

5  Ad  cujus  jacuit  Graecia  tota  fores. 

^^  Every  man  sovght  to  fjet  her  love ;  some  icith  (/allant  and 
eostlji  apparel ;  some  irifh  an  affected  pace;  some  icith  m?i- 
sUpie ;  others  with  rich  f/ij'ts,  pleasant  discourse,  multitude  oj' 
Jbllowers ;  others  icith  letters,  vous  and  promises,  to  com- 
mend themselves,  and  to  be  g  rat  ions  in  her  eifs.  Happy  was  he 
that  could  see  her  ;  thrice  happy,  that  enjoyed  her  company. 
Charmides  '  in  Plato,  was  a  proper  young'  man,  in  comeliriess 
of  person,  and  all  good  qualities^  Jar  exceeding  others;  wheii- 


aNic.  Oerhel.  I.  5.  Achaia.  l"  Jo.  Secnndiis  basioriim  lib.  •"Musaeus.     Ilia 

antetn  bene  morata,  per  a-dem  qnocnnqoe  vagabatiir,  seqnentem  mentrm  habebat,  et 
oculofl,  et  corda  viroram.  •'Homer.  « Marlow.  fPoniodidascalo 

dial.  Ital.  Latin,  donat.  a  Oasp.  Barthio  CJermano.  ePropertiiis.  ''Vestinm 

splendore  et  elegantia,  ambitione  incessiis,  donia,  rant'lenis,  &c.  ifratianj  adipisci, 
i  Prse  cseteris  corporis  procerifate  et  egregia  indole  niirandiis  apparebaf,  Cipteri  aiitem 
capti  ej«.s  ainore  \  idebantur,  &c. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  227 

soever  fair  Charmides  came  abroad,  they  seemed  all  to  be  in 
love  with  him  (as  Critias  describes  their  carriage)  atid  were 
troubled  at  the  very  sir/ht  of  him ;  many  cameneer  him,  many 
followed  him  wheresoever  he  went,  as  those  ^formarum  spec- 
tatores  did  Acontius,  if  at  any  time  he  walked  abroad :  the 
Athenian  lasses  stared  on  Alcibiades;  Sappho  and  the  Mitilean 
women  on  Phaon  the  fair.  Such  lovely  sights  do  not  onely 
please,  entise,  but  ravish  and  amaze.  Cleonimus,  a  delicate 
and  tender  youth,  present  at  a  feast  which  Androcles  his  uncle 
made  ill  Piraeo  at  Athens,  when  he  sacrificed  to  Mercury,  so 
stupified  the  guests,  Dineas,  Aristippus,  Agasthenes,  and  the 
rest,  (as  Charidemus  in  ''Lucian  relates  it)  that  they  could  not 
eat  their  meat;  they  sate  all  supper  time  gazing,  glancing  at 
him,  stealing  looks,  and  admiring  hisbeauty.  Many  will  con- 
demn these  men,  that  are  so  enamoured,  for  fools ;  but  some 
again  commend  them  for  it;  many  reject  Paris  judgement, 
and  yet  Lucian  approves  of  it,  admiring  Paris  for  his  choice  ; 
he  would  have  done  as  much  himself,  and  by  good  desert,  in 
his  minde,  beauty  is  to  be  preferred  ''  before  tcealth  or  wisdom. 
^Athenseus  Deipnosophist  lib.  13.  cap.  7.  holds  it  not  such 
indignity  for  the  Trojans  and  Greeks  to  contend  ten  years,  to 
spend  so  much  labour,  loose  so  many  mens  lives  for  Helens 
sake  ;  '  for  so  fair  a  ladies  sake : 

Ob  talem  uxorem  cui  pra?stantissima  forma 
Nil  mortale  refert. 

That  one  woman  was  worth  a  kingdom;  a  hundred  thousand 
other  women;  a  world  itself.  Well  might  ' Sterpsichores  be 
blind  for  carping  at  so  fair  a  creature ;  and  a  just  punishment  it 
was.  The  same  testimony  gives  Homer  of  the  old  men  of  Troy, 
that  were  spectators  of  that  single  combate  betwixt  Paris  and 
Meuelaus  at  the  Seian  gate  ;  when  Helena  stood  in  presence, 
they  said  all,  the  war  was  worthily  prolonged  and  under- 
taken §  for  her  sake.  The  very  gods  themselves  (as  Homer  and 
^Isocrates  record)  fought  more  for  Helena,  then  they  did 
against  the  gyants.  When  '  Venuslosther  son  Cupid,  she  made 
proclamation  by  Mercury,  that  he  that  could  bring  tidings  of 
him,  should  have  seven  kisses ;  a  noble  reward,  some  say,  and 
much  better  then  so  many  golden  talents  :  seven  such  kisses 


a  Aristaenetus,  ep.  10.  b  Tom.  4.  dial,  meretr.  Respicientes  et  ad  formain  ejus 

obstupescentes.  c  In  Charidemo.     Sapientia;  raerito  pulchritudo  pra;fertur  et 

opibus.  "^IndignuDi  nihil  estTroas  fortes  et  Achivos  tempore  tara  longo 

perpessos  esse  labores.  e  Digna  quidem  facies  pro  qua  vel  obiret  Achilles,  vel 

frriamus,  belli  causa  probanda  Aiit.     Proper,  lib.  2.  f  Cajcus  qui  Helente  formam 

carpserat.  S  Those  mutinous  Turks  that  murmured  at  Mahomet,  when  they 

saw  Irene,  excused  his  absence.     Knowlys.  ^  In  laudeni  Helense  orat. 

'  Apul.  miles,  lib.  4. 

q2 


22S  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.   Sec.  2. 

to  many  men,  were  more  prctious  then  seven  cities,  or  so  many 
provinces.  One  such  a  kiss  alone,  would  recover  a  man  if  he 
were  a  dying". 

*  Suaviolum  Stygiu  sic  te  de  valle  reducet,  &c. 

Great  Alexander  married  Roxane,  a  poor  mans  child,  onolyfor 
her  person.  '"'Twas  well  done  of  Alexander,  and  heroically 
done  ;  I  admire  him  for  it.  Orlando  was  mad  for  Angelica, 
and  who  doth  not  condole  his  mishap?  Thisbe  died  for  Pi- 
ramus  ;  Dido  for  ^'Eneas;  who  doth  not  weep,  as  (before  his 
conversion)  "^  Austin  did  in  commiseration  of  her  estate!  she 
died  for  him,  methinks  (as  he  said)  /  could  die  for  her ! 

But  this  is  not  the  matter  in   hand,  what  prerogative  this 
beauty  hath,  of  what  power  and  soveraignty  it  is,   and  how 
farre  such  persons  that  so  much  admire,  and  dote  uponit,are 
to  be  justified  ;  no  man  doubts  of  these  matters ;  the  question  is 
how  and  by  what  meanes  beauty  produceth  this  effect  ?     By 
sight:  the  eye  betrayes  the  soul,  and  is  both  active  and  pas- 
sive inthis  business;  it woundsand  is  wounded;  is  an  especiall 
cause  and  instrument,  both  in  the  subject  and  in  the  object. 
•^  As  teares,   it  begins  in   the  eys,  descends   to  the   breast ;  it 
conveys  these  beauteous  rayes,  as  I  have  said,  unto  the  heart. 
Ut  vidi  lit  perii.     ®  Mars  videt  hnnc,  visamque  cnpit.     She- 
chem  saw  Dinah  the  daughter  of  Lea,  and  defiled  her.  Gen. 
34.  3.     .Jacob  Rachel.  29.  Yi  .for  she  was  beautiful  and  fair  : 
David  sj)ied  Bathsheba  afar  off,2Sam.  1 1  ^.the  elders  Susanna, 
'  as  that  Orthomeuian  Strato  saw  fair  Aristoclea  the  daughter 
of  Theophanes,  bathing  her  self  at  that  Hercyne  well  in  Le- 
badea;  and  were  caj)tivated  in  an  instant.       Videru7it  oculi^ 
rapuernnt  pectora  Jiamma ;    Amnon  fell  sick   for  Thamars 
sake,  iZ.  Sam.  1-i.  2.     The  beauty  of  I'^sther  was  such,  that  she 
found  favour  not  onely  in  the  sight  of  Assuerus,  hut  of  all  those 
that    looh'd   upon  her.      Gerson,    Origen,  and  some  others 
contended,    that  Christ  himself  M'as  the  fairest  of  the  sons 
of    men;  and    .Joseph  next    unto    him:  speciosus  prao  Jiliis 
hominum,  and  they  will  have  it  literally  taken  ;  his  very  person 
was  such  that  he   found  grace   and  favor  of  all  those  that 
looked  Uj)on  him.      Joseph  M'as  so  fair,  that  as  the  ordinary 
gloss  hath  it,  filice  decurrerent  per  murnm,  et  ad  fenestras, 
tliey  ran  to  the  top  of  the  walls,   and  to  the  windows  to  gaze 
on  him,  as  Me  do  commonly  to  see  some  great  personages  go 
by  :  and  so  Matthew  Paris  describes  3fatilda  the  empress 
"oinjr  throujrh  Cullen.     ^P.  Morales  the  Jesuit  saith  as  much 


*.Secun.  bas.  13.  ''Curtias  I.  1.  <^Confe»i.  "^ Seneca.  Amor  in 

oculis  oritur.        <  Ovid.  Fast.        'Plutarch.  sLib.  de  pulchrit    Jcsu  ct  Maria-. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  «.]         Beauty  a  Came,  229 

of  the  Virgin  Mary.  Anthony  no  sooner  saw  Cleopatra,  but, 
saith  Appian  Uh.  1.  he  was  enamoured  on  her.  *  Theseus  at 
the  first  sig-ht  of  Helen  was  so  besotted,  that  he  esteemed  him- 
self the  happiest  man  in  the  world  if  he  might  enjoy  her,  and 
to  that  purpose  kneeled  down,  and  made  his  pathetical  prayers 
unto  the  gods.  ^Charicles,  by  chance,  espying  that  curious 
picture  of  smiling  Venus  naked  in  her  temple,  stood  a  great 
while  gazing,  as  one  amazed ;  at  length  he  brake  into  that 
mad  passionate  speech,  Ojortunategod  Mars,  that  icast  hound 
in  chains^  and  made  ridiculous  for  her  sake  !  He  could  not 
contain  himself,  but  kissed  her  picture,  1  know  not  how  oft ; 
and  heartily  desired  to  be  so  disgraced  as  Mars  was.  And 
M  hat  did  he  that  his  betters  had  not  done  before  him  ? 

"^  atque  aliquis  de  Diis  non  tristibus  optat 

Sic  fieri  turpis 

When  Venus  came  first  to  heaven,  her  comeliness  was  such, 
that  (as  mine  author  saith)  "^  all  the  gods  came  flocking  about 
and  saluted  her  ;  each  of  them  went  to  Jupiter,  and  desired  he 
viight  haveher  to  be  his  infe.  When  fair  ^  Antilochus  came  in 
presence,  as  a  candle  in  the  dark  his  beauty  shined,  all  mens 
eys  (as  Xenophon  describes  the  manner  of  it)  were  instajitlg 
flxed  on  him,  and  movedat  the  sight;  insomuch  that  they  could 
not  conceal  themselves,  hut  in  gesture  or  looks  it  ivas  discerned 
and  expressed.  Those  other  senses,  hearing,  touching,  may 
much  penetrate  and  affect,  but  none  so  much,  none  so  forcible 
as  sight.  Forma  Briseis  mediis  in  armis  movet  Achillem, 
Achilles  was  moved  in  the  midst  of  a  battle  by  fair  Briseis  ; 
Ajax  by  Tecmessa;  Judith  captivated  that  great  captain  Ho- 
lofernes;  Dalilah,  Samson;  Rosamund,  ^ Henry  the  second; 
Roxolana,  Solyman  the  magnificent,  &c. 

A  fair  woman  overcomes  fire  and  sword. 

^  Naught  under  heaven  so  strongly  doth  allure 
The  sense  of  man,  and  all  his  minde  possess, 
As  beauties  loveliest  bait ;  that  doth  procure 
Great  warrieis  erst  their  rigor  to  suppress, 


aLucian.  Charidemon.  Supra  omnes  mortales  felicissimum  si  hac  frui  possit. 
b  Liician.  amor.  Insanum  quiddam  ac.fiiribundum  exclamans,  O  fortunatissime  Deoruui 
Mars,  qui  propter  banc  vinctus  fnisti.  <=  Ov.  Met.  1.  3.  '^  Omnes  Dii 

complex!  sunt,  et  in  uxorem  sibi  petienmL    Nat.  Comes  de  Venere.  ^  Lt  cum 

lux  noctis  afliilget,  omnium  oculos  incurrit :  sic  Antiloquus,  &c.  ' Delevit  omnes 

ex  animo  mulieres.  s  Nam  vincit  et  vel  ignem  ferrumque  si  qua  pulchra  est 

Anacreon,  2.  ^  Spencer  in  his  Fairy  Qu. 


t^30  LoveMdunchuhi.  [Part.  3.  J:>ec.  2. 

And  mighty  hands  forget  their  manhness, 
Driven  with  the  power  of  an  heart-burning  eye  ; 
And  lapt  in  flowers  of  a  golden  tress. 
That  can  with  melting  pleasure,  mollifie 
Their  heardned  hearts  inur'd  to  cruelty. 

"  Clitipliou  inj^onously  confesscth,  that  lie  no  sooner  came  in 
Leucippes  presence,  but  that  lie  did  cnrdc  trcmere,  et  oculis 
lasciviiis  intueri ;  ^\\e  was  wounded  at  the  first  sight;  his 
heart  panted,  and  he  could  not  possibly  turn  liis  eyes  from 
her.  So  doth  Calysirus  (in  Ileliodorus /j&.  "2.  Isis  priest,  a  re- 
verend old  man)  complain ;  w  ho  by  chance  at  Memphis  see- 
ing that  Thracian  Rodoplie,  might  not  hold  his  eyes  off  her, 
"I  tcill  not  conceal  it,  she  overcome  vie  with  her  presence,  and 
quite  assaulted  my  continency,  which  I  had  kept  unto  mine  old 
aye ;  I  resisted,  a  lony  time,  my  bodily  eys  with  the  eys  of  my 
understandiny  ;  at  last  I  was  compiered,  and  as  a  tempest 
carriedheadlony.  '^Xenophilesa  philosopher,  railed  at  w  omen 
down  right  for  many  years  together;  scorned,  hated,  scoffed 
at  them:  coming  at  last  into  Dapliiiis  a  fair  maids  company, 
(as  lie  condoles  his  mishap  to  his  friend  Demaritis)  thougiifree 
before, 

Intcictus  nullis  ante  cupidinibus, 

was  far  in  love,  and  quite  overcome  upon  a  sudden. 

Victus  sum  fateor  a  Daphnide,  &c. 

I  confess  I  am  taken; 

^  Sola  haec  inflexit  sensus,  animumque  labentein 
Impulit — 

J  could  hold  out  no  longer.  Suchanother  mishap,  butworse, 
had  Stratoclcs  the  physician,  that  blear-eyed  old  man,  muco 
jtlenus  (so  '  I'rodromus  describes  him)  he  was  a  severe  woman- 
hater  all  his  life;y«:r/rt  et  con/umeliosa  semper  in  J'wminas 
profatus, ',\  bitter  persecutor  of  the  wole  sexe :  humanas  as- 
pides  et  vipcras  appellahat ;  he  foreswore  them  all  still,  and 
mocked  them  wheresoever  he  came,  in  such  vile  terms,  nt 
mat  rem  et  sororcs  odisses,  that  if  thou  hadst  heard  him,  thou 
would'st  have  loathed  thine  omu  mother  aixl  sisters,  for  his 
words  sake.      Vet  this  old  dotiiiir  fool  was  taken  at  last,  with 


»  Achilles  Tatiiis  lib.  I.  ''  Statim  ac  eain  conteiiiplatns  sum,  occidi :  ociilnR 

a  \  irgine  avertere  conatus  sum,  scd  illi  rcpiignabant.  '^  Piidet  dircre,  non 

nlabo  taniin.     Mptiipliim  \t  nit  lis  iiic\icit,  ct  continentiainexpujiDavit.qnam  adsenec- 
fiittni  usque  servarain,  oculis  coqwris  &c.  '^  Nunc  priinui-  c'rca  lianc 

anxiusanimi  hajreo.     Arislienctus,  cp.  17.  cViig.  yEn.  4.  *Ama- 

rnnto  dial. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  231 

that  celestial  and  divine  look  of  Myrilla,  the  daughter  ofAnti- 
cles  the  garduer,  that  smirking  wench  ;  that  he  shaved  offhis 
bushie  beard,  painted  his  face,  ^ciirl'd  his  hair,  wore  a  lawrel 
crown  to  cover  his  bald  pate,  and  for  her  love  besides  was 
ready  to  run  mad.  For  the  very  day  that  he  married,  he  was 
so  furious,  lit  soils  occasum  minus  expectare  posset,  (a  terrible, 
a  monstrous  long  day)  he  could  not  stay  till  it  was  night ;  seel 
omnibus  insalutatis  in  thalamum  Jestinus  irrupit,  the  meat 
scarce  out  of  his  mouth,  without  any  leave  taking,  he  would 
needs  go  presently  to  bed.  What  young  man  therefore,  if  old 
men  be  so  intemperate,  can  secure  himself?  Who  can  say,  I 
will  not  be  taken  with  a  beautiful  object  ?  I  can,  1  will  con- 
tain. No,  saith  ''Lucian,  of  his  mistris,  she  is  so  fair,  that  if 
thou  dost  but  see  her,  she  tcill  stiipijie  thee^  kill  the  straight; 
and  Medusa  like,  turn  thee  to  a  stone;  thou  canst  not  pull  thine 
eysjrom  her,  hut  as  an  adamant  doth  iron,  she  will  carry  thee 
bound  headlong  whither  she  will  her  self;  infect  thee  like  a 
basilisk.  It  holds  both  in  men  and  women.  Dido  >vas 
amazed  at  iEneas'  presence  ; 

Obstupuit  primo  aspectu  Sidonia  Dido  : 

and  as  he  feelingly  verified  out  of  his  experience; 

^  Quam  ego  postquam  vidi,  non  ita  amavi  ut  sani  sclent 
Homines,  sed  eodem  pacto  ut  iiisani  sclent. 
I  Icv'd  her  net  as  ethers  soberly, 
But  as  a  mad  man  rageth,  so  did  I. 

So  Museeus  of  Leander,  nusquam  lumen  detorquet  ah  Hid  ;  and 
''  Chaucer  of  Palamon, 

^t  i&'sA.  ]bfe  tm  upon  (!? wtlta, 

QnU  tbereitiit]^  \)t  Went  anir  rrgeU  |)a  ]ba, 

^5  tjjoug^  \iz  j^atf  \)ttn  ^ixokt  tutto  tJjc  jbfavta- 

If  you  desire  to  know  more  particularly  what  this  beauty  is, 
how  ft  doth  injliiere,  hoAV  it  doth  fascinate  (for  as  all  hold, 
love  is  a  fascination)  thus  in  brief.  '^  This  comeliness  or 
beauty  ariseth  from  the  due  proportion  of  the  ivhole,  or  from 
each  several  part.  For  an  exact  delineation  of  which,  1  refer 
you  to  poets,  historiographers,  and  those  amorous  writers,  to 
Lucians  Images,  and  Charidemus,  Xenophons  description  of 


aComasque  ad  speculum  disposuit.  blmag.  Polistrato.  Si  illam  saltern  in- 

tuearis,  statuis  iumobiliorem  te  faciet :  si  conspexeris  earn,  non  relinqiietnr  facMltas 
oculos  ab  ea  amovendi ;  abducet  te  alligatura  quocuuque  voluerit,  ut  ten  inn  ad  se  tia- 
here  ferunt  adamantem.  t  Plaut.  Merc.  d  In  the  Knights  tale. 

^  £x  debita  totius  proportioue  aptaqne  partlum  Gompositione.     Picolomineus. 


2;52  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

P;u»Jlita,  Fclronius  Catalcoks,  Ileliodonrs  Charicica,  Tatius 
L('iici|i|>e,  JjOiigiis  Sojiliistas  DapliDi's  aixl  CIoo,  Tlicodorns 
l*io(li()nnis  his  lMjo<laiilli(>s,  ArislaDotiis  and  IMiilostrafus 
cpisilcs,  IJalthasarCastilio.  /iif.  4  deaif/ico,  Laiirciiliusrr//j.  10. 
(Ic  inc/fni.  yEneas  Silviusliis  Lucrctia,  ami  overy  poet  almost, 
Mhieli  have  most  accurately  described  a  perfect  beaiify,  an  ab- 
solute feature,  and  that  throu;;h  every  member,  both  in  men 
and  women.  Each  part  must  concur  to  tlie  perfection  of  it  ; 
for  as  Seneca  saith,  Ep.  33.  lib.  4.  Nnn  est  Jorinosa  inulier 
rjijus  cms  laudatur  et  hrach'mm^  srd  ilia  cnjus  s'ttnul  iniwersu 
Jacics  admlrationem  siuf/ulis  jmrtit/us  dod'U  ;  she  is  no  fair 
woman,  whose  arm,  thigh,  &c.  are  commended,  except  the 
face  and  all  the  other  parts  be  correspondent.  And  the  face 
especially  gives  a  lustre  to  the  rest:  the  face  is  itthat  conunonly 
denominates  fair  or  fowl ;  arxjormcvj'acies,  the  face  is  beauties 
towre  :  and  though  the  other  parts  be  deformed,  yet  a  good 
face  carries  it  (y«eic,s  noyi  uxor  ainatnr) ;  that  alone  is  most  part 
respected,  principally  valued,  deliciis  suisj'erox,  and  of  itself 
able  to  captivate. 

^Urit  mc  Glycerac  niter, 
Ilrit  grata  protervitas, 
Et  vultus  nimium  lubricus  aspici ; 

Glyccras  too  fair  a  face  was  it  that  set  him  on  fire,  too  fine  to 
be  beheld.  When  ^  Chaerea  saw  the  singino-  wenches  sweet 
looks,  he  was  so  taken,  that  he  cried  out,  Ofaciem  pulchraniy 
dcleo  onines  dehhic  ex  auhno  muUeres,  tccciet  quotidiayiarum 
hanim  formarum  !  O  fair  face!  I'll  never  love  any  but  her; 
look  on  any  other  hereafter  but  her;  I  am  weary  of  these  or- 
dinary beauties ;  away  with  them.  The  more  he  sees  her,  the 
worse  he  is, — 7(rifqne  ridendo,  as  in  a  burning  glass,  the  sun 
beams  arc  recollected  to  a  center,  the  rays  of  love  arc 
projected  from  her  cys.  It  Avas  TEneas  countenance  ravished 
queen  Dido,  Os  hmnerosqne  Deo  shnilis,  he  had  an  angelical 
face. 

'  O  sacros  vultus  Baccho  vel  Apollinc  digiios, 
Quos  vir,  quos  tuto  fcuniina  nulla  videt! 

O  sacred  looks  befitting  majesty, 

Which  never  mortal  wight  could  safely  see ! 

Although  for  the  greater  part,  this  beauty  be  most  eminent  in 
the  face,  yet  many  times  those  other  memlx  rs  yield  a  most 
pleasing  grace,  and  are  alone  sufficient  to  enamour.     An  high 


'  llor.  Od.  19.  lilt.  J.     ..-     I'Ter.  Eiinuth.  Art.  2.  sccu.  'X  •■  Tctrouitis. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Bcautij  a  Came.  233 

l)row  like  unto  {':('  hriglit  herxvens,  creli  jmlrhcrrimu  plarja, 
Frons  nhi  v'lrit  hoiiar,  J'rons  uhi  li'dit  amor,\\]\]io  and  smooth 
like  the  polished  alabaster;  apaiiof  checksofvcvmilian  robjur, 
ill  which  love  lod<iech  ;  ^.^mor  rpd  mo/llbus  fjciih  pnclloi  per- 
noctas:  A  corall  iip,  suaviorum  delnhram,  in  vvhicli 

Basia  mille  patent,  basia  mille  latent. 

Gratiarum  sedes  gratissima;  a  sweet  smelling  flowre,  from 
wliieli  bees  may  gather  hony;  ^ 3Ie I lilef/ ce  vo lucres  quidudhuc 
cava  ihyma,  rosasque,  Sj-c. 

Omnes  ad  dominse  labra  venite  meee, 
Ilia  rosas  spiral,  «fec. 

A  white  and  round  neck,  that  via  lactea;  dimple  in  the  chin ; 
biack  eye-brows,  Cupidinis  arciis  ;  sweet  breath ;  wliite  and 
even  teeth,  which  some  call  the  sale-piece j  a  fine  soft  round 
pap,  gives  an  excellent  grace, 

*^  Quale  decus  tumidis  Pario  de  marmore  mammis  ! 

''and  make  a  pleasant  valley,  lacteum  sinum,  between  two 
chaulkie  hills,  sororiantes  papillulas,  et  ad  pruritum  frigidos 
amatores  solo  aspectu  excitantes.     Unde  is, 
e  Forma  papillarum  quam  fuit  apta  premi ! 
Again, 

Urebant  oculos  durse  stantesque  mamillse. 
A  flaxen  hair;  golden  hair  was  ever  in  great  account;  for 
which  Virgil  commends  Dido,  JVondum  sustuleiat  Jlavum 
Proserpina  crinem  ;  Et,  crines  nodantur  in  aurum.  Apollo- 
nius  (Argonaut,  lib.  4.  Jasonis  Jiava  coma  incendit  cor  Me- 
dea;) will  have  Jasons  golden  haire  to  be  the  main  cause  of 
Medeas  dotage  on  him.  Castor  and  Pollux  were  both  yellow 
hair'd.  Paris,  Meuelaus,  and  most  amorous  yong  men, 
have  been  such  in  all  ages,  molles  ac  suaves,  as  Baptista  Porta 
infers,  '' Physiog.  lib.  2.  lovely  to  behold.  Homer  so  com- 
mends Helena;  makes  Patroclus  and  Achilles  both  yellow 
hair'd;  Pulchricoma  Venus;  and  Cupid  hinjself  was  yellow 
hair'd,  in  aurnm  coruscante  et  crispante  capillo,  like  that  neat 
picture  of  Narcissus  in  Callistratus ;  for  so  s  Psyche  spied  him 
asleep  : 

Bryseis,  Polixena,  &c.   flavicomce  omnes  ; 


a  Sophocles  Antigoue.  ^  Jo_  Secnndus  bas,  19.  cLoechfeus.  ^^  Ar^n- 

dus.  Vallis  amcenissima  e  duobus  montibus  couiposita  niveis.  >-■  Otid.  Tol.  77. 
Dapsiles  hilares  amatores,  8cc.  k  When  Cupid  slept.  Cvtsarieni  auream  habenteui, 
nbi  Psyche  vidit,  molleniqiie  ex  ambrosia  cervicera  inspesif  j  crines  crispos,  purpureas 
genas  caudidasque,  &c.     Apuleius. 


234r  l^ve-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec. 


■  and  Hero  the  fair, 


Whom  yong  Apollo  courted  for  her  hair. 

Leland  commends  Guithcra  king-  Arthurs  wife,  for  a  fair  flaxen 
hair:  so  Paulus  ililmilius  sets  out  Ch)deveus  that  lovely  king- 
of  France.  ''Syncsius  iiolds,  every  eftbniinate  fellow  or  adul- 
terer is  fair  hair'd  :  and  Apuleius  adds  that  Venus  her  self, 
Goddess  of  Love,  cannot  delifjht,  ^'tJiouf/h  she  come  accompa- 
iiiedu'ith  the  Graces,  and  all  Cupids  train  to  attend  upon  Aer, 
girt  with  her  own  ffirdle,  arid  smell  oj'  cynamon  and  hawme, 
yet  if  she  he  bald  or  had  haired  she  cannot  please  her  Vulcan. 
Which,  belike,  makes  our  Venetian  ladies,  at  this  day,  to  coun- 
terfeit yellow  hair  .'  o  much  ;  great  women  to  calamistrate  and 
curie  it  up,  vihrantes  ad  ffratiam  crines,  et  tot  orhibus  in  capti- 
vitatemfle.ros,  to  adorn  their  heads  with  spangles,  pearls,  and 
made  flowers ;  and  all  courtiers  to  affect  a  pleasing  grace  in 
this  kindc.  In  a  word,  '^  The  hairs  are  Cupids  nets  to  catch 
all  comers  ;  a  hrushie  wood,  in  which  Cupid  builds  his  nest,  and 
under  whose  shadow,  all  Loves,  a  thousand  sever ahcays  sport 
themselves. 

A  little  soft  hand,  pretty  little  mouth,  small,  fine,   long 
fingers, 

Gratia  qusc  digitis 

'tis  that  which  Apollo  did  admire  in  Daphne  ; 

laudat  digitosque  manusque  : 

a  straight  and  slender  body ;  a  small  foot,  and  well  proportioned 
leg,  hath  an  excellent  lustre;  '^  cui  totum  incumbit  corpus  uti 
fundamenlo  o'dis.  Clearchus  vowed  to  his  friend  Amyander  in 
« Aristffinetus,  that  the  most  attractive  part  in  his  mistris,  to 
make  him  love  and  like  her  first,  was  her  pretty  leg  and  foot : 
a  soft  an<l  white  skin,  &c.  have  their  peculiar  graces;  'AW>?//« 
hand  est  mollior  ac  hijus  cutis  est,  adipol  papillani  bellulam. 
Though  in  men  these  parts  are  not  so  much  respected  ;  a  grim 
Sarazan  sometimes, 

nudiis  membra  Pyracmon, 

a  martiall  hirsute  face  pleascth  best;  a  black  man  is  a  pearjin 


»  III  laudem  calvi.  Spleiulida  coma  quisqne  adulter  est ;  allicit  anrea  coma.  •>  Ve- 
nus ipsa  non  placeret  coniis  nudata,  capite  spoliata  :  si  qualis  ipsa  Venus,  cum  fitit  virgo, 
omni  Gratiarum  choro  stipata,  et  toto  Cupidinum  populo  ooncinnata,  baltheo  sue 
cincta,  ciunama  fragrans,  et  balsama,  si  calva  processerit,  niacere  uon  potest  N'ulcano 
Huo.  c  Arandus.     Capilli  retia  Cupidinis,  sylva  cajdiia,  in  qua  uidificat  Ciipido, 

Bubcujua  umbra  Aniores  mille  modis  se  exercent.  ""Tlieod.  Prodroiuus  Amor, 

lib.  1.  '  Epist.  72.     Ubi  pulchram  tibiam,  bene  compactum  tcuucuique  pcdcm 

vidi.  f  I'laut.  Cas. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause,  235 

a  fair  womans  eye,  and  is  as  acceptable  as  alamo  Vulcan  was 
to  Venus;  for  be  being-  a  sweaty  fuuginous  blacksmitb,  was 
dearly  beloved  of  her,  when  fair  Apollo,  nimble  Mercury  were 
rejected,  and  the  rest  of  the  sweet-fac'd  g'ods  forsaken. 
Many  women  (as  Petronius  ''observes)  sordihus  calent  (as 
many  men  are  more  moved  with  kitchen  wenches,  and  a 
poor  market  maid,  then  all  these  illustrious  court  and  city 
dames)  will  sooner  dote  upon  a  slave,  a  servant,  a  dirt-dawber, 
a  brontes,  a  cooke,  a  player,  if  they  see  his  naked  legs  or 
arms,  torosaque  hrachia'^,  Src  like  that  huntsman  Meleager 
in  Philostratus,  though  he  being  all  in  raggs,  obscene  and 
dirty,  besmeared  like  a  ruddleman,  a  gypsie,  or  a  chimney- 
sweeper, then  upon  a  noble  gallant,  Nireus,  Hephsestion,  Alci- 
biades,  or  those  embroidered  courtiers  full  of  silk  and  gold. 
^  Justines  wife,  a  citizen  of  Rome,  fell  in  love  with  Pylades  a 
player,  and  was  ready  to  run  mad  for  him,  had  not  Galen 
himself  helped  her  by  chance.  Faustina  the  empress  doted 
on  a  fencer. 

Not  one  of  a  thousand  falls  in  love,  but  there  is  some  pecu- 
liar part  or  other  which  pleaseth  most,  and  inflames  him  above 
the  rest.  « A  company  of  yong  philosophers  on  a  time,  fell 
at  variance,  which  part  of  a  woman  was  most  desirable  and 
pleased  best  ?  some  said  the  forehead,  some  the  teeth,  some 
the  eys,  cheeks,  lips,  neck,  chin,  &c.  the  controversie  was 
refened  to  Lais  of  Corinth  to  decide  ;  but  she  smiling,  said, 
they  were  a  company  of  fools;  for  suppose  they  had  her  where 
they  wished,  what  would  they  ^  first  seek  ?  Yet  this  notwith- 
standing I  do  easily  gvant,nequeq?iis  vestrumnegaverit  opinor; 
all  parts  are  attractive,  butespeciallstheeys'': 

(videt  igne  micantes, 

Sideribus  similes  oculos) 

which  are  loves  fowlers;  Utuciipium  amorh,  the  shooing' 
homes,  the  hooks  of  love  (as  Arandus  will)  the  guides,  touch- 
stone, judges  ;  that  in  a  moment  cure  mad  men,  and  make 
sound  folks  mad ;  the  tvatchmen  of  the  body  ;  tchat  do  they 
not  ?  How  vex  they  not?  All  this  is  true,  and  (which  Atheuseus 
lib.  13.  dip.  cap.  5.  and  Tatius  hold)  they  are  the  chief  seats  of 


aClaudus  optime  rem  agif.  bpol.  5.    Si  servutn  \iderint,  aut  sordidum  altiiia 

cinctunij  aut  pnlvere  perfusum,  aut  histrionein  in  scenam  fradiictum,  &c.  '^Me 

pulchra  fateor  carere  forma,  venira  luculenta nostra  eai  Petronius  Catal.  de  Priapo. 

<i  Galen.  «  Calcafrninus  Apolocris.    Quae  parsmaxime  desiderabilis  ?  alius  frontem, 

alius  genas,  &c.  f  Inter  foemineum.  sHeinsius.  h  Sunt  enira  oculi,  pree- 

cipute  pulchritudinis  sedes.  lib.  6.  >  Amoris  hami,  duces,  judices  et  indices  qui  rao- 

mento  insanos  sanant,  ganos  insanire  cogunt,  occulatissimi  coriwris  excubitores,  quid 
nou  aguut  ?  quid  non  cogunt  ?^ 


030  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

It)vc;  ami  as  James  Lcrmitius  'hath  facctcly  expressed  in  an 
( Icgant  o«lo-ofhis, 

Ainorom  ocellis  flammcolis  herue 
Vidi  insidentem,  credite  posteri, 
Fralresque  circuin  ludibundos 
Cum  pharetrCi  volitare  cL  arcu,  &.c. 

I  saw  love  sitting  in  my  mistris  eys 

Sparkling  ;  believe  it,  all  posterity  ; 
And  his  attendants  playing  round  about 
With  bow  and  arrows  ready  for  to  fly. 
Scaligcr  calls  the  eys,  b  Cupids  arrows  ;  the  tomjue,  thelight- 
\,-^U'-^^^'nin(f  of  love;  the  papSythetents :  Balthasar  Castilio,  the  causes, 
-.n.c-;-'  --  jj^j  chariots,  the  lamps  of  love  ; 


"Ccmula  lumina  stellis, 


Luraina  quoe  possent  soUicitare  Decs. 
Eys  emulating  stars  in  light, 
Enticing  gods  at  the  first  sight. 

Loves  orators,  cPetronius, 

O  blandos  oculos,  et  o  facetos, 
Et  quMam  propria  nota  loquaces  ; 
Illic  est  Venus,  et  leves  Amores, 
Atque  ipsa  in  medio  sedet  Voluptas. 

O  sweet  and  pretty  speaking  eys, 
Where  Venus,  love  and  pleasure  lies ! 

Loves  torches,  touch-box,  naphthe  and  matches;  '^TibuIIus. 

Illius  ex  oculis  quum  vult  exurere  Dives, 

Accendit  geminas  lampades  acer  Amor. 
Tart  love,  when  he  will  set  the  gods  on  fire, 
Lightens  the  eys,  as  torches,  to  desire. 

Lcandcr  at  the  first  sight  of  Heros  eys  was  incensed,  sailh 
Musa;us. 

Simul  in  *^  oculorum  radiis  crescebat  fax  amorum 
Et  cor  fervebat  invccti  ic:nis  impetu  ; 
Pulchritudo  enim  Celebris  immaculatoe  fcEminnc 
Acutior  hominibus  est  vcloci  sagitta, 
Oculus  voro  via  est,  ab  oculi  ictibus 
Vulnus  dilabitur,  et  in  prcecordia  viri  nianat. 


"  Ocelli  carm.  17.  cnjns  et  Lipsiiis  epist.  qufpst  lib.  .3.  cap.   11.  nicniinit  ob  ele- 
K^ntiani.  •'Cynthia  prima  siiis  misermn  lue  cepit  ocellia,  Conlactum  niillis 

ante  ciipidinibns.     Propert.  1.  I.  <■  In  ratalect.  J  I)e  Siilpitio,  lib.  4.  rPnl- 

chriliido  ipsa  per  occultos  radios  iu  pectus  auiuulis  diuianaas  aiuatas  rei  forniain  b- 
Bculpsit,     Tatms,  I.  5. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  i2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  237 

Loves  torches  'gan  to  burn,  first  in  her  eys, 
And  set  his  heart  on  fire,  which  never  dies  : 
For  the  fair  beauty  of  a  viro;in  pure. 
Is  sharper  then  a  dart;  and  doth  inure 
A  deeper  wound,  which  pierceth  to  the  heart 
By  the  eys,  and  causedi  such  a  cruel  smart. 

**  A  modern  poet  bring'S  in  Amnon  complaining  of  Thamar. 

et  me  fascino 

Occidit  ille  risus  et  formoD  lepos, 
lUe  nitor,  ilia  gratia,  et  verus  decor, 
Illse  semulantes  purpuram,  et  i>  rosas  genae, 
Oculique  vinctseque  aureo  node  comse. 
It  was  thy  beauty,  'twas  thy  pleasing  smile, 
Thy  gi-ace  and  comeliness  did  me  beguil ; 
Thy  rose-like  cheeks,  and  unto  purple  fair 
Thy  lovely  eys  and  golden  knotted  hair. 

'^  Philostratus  Lemnius  cries  out  on  his  mistris  basilisk  eys, 
ar  denies  faces,  those  two  burning-glasses,  they  had  so  inflamed 
his  soul,  that  no  water  could  quench  it.  What  a  tyramnj^ 
(saith  he)  ichat  a  penetration  of'  bodies  is  this  !  thou  drairest 
with  violence^  and  swallowest  me  up,  as  Ckaryhdis  doth  saylers 
with  thy  rocky  eys  ;  he  that  falls  into  this  gulf  oj'  love,  can 
never  get  out.  Let  this  be  the  corollary  then,  the  strongest 
beams  of  beauty  are  still  darted  from  the  eys. 

•1  Nam  quis  lumina  tanta,  tanta, 
Posset  luminibus  suis  tueri, 
Non  statira  trepidansque  palpitansque 
Prse  desiderii  aestuantis  aura  ?  &c. 
For  who  such  eys  with  his  can  see 
And  not  forthwith  enamour'd  be? 

And  as  men  catch  dotrels,  by  putting  out  a  leg  or  an  arm, 
with  those  mutual  glances  of  the  eys  they  first  iuveagle  one 
another. 

e  Cynthia  prima  suis  raiserum  me  cepit  ocellis. 
Of  all  eys  (by  the  way)  black  are  most  amiable,  entising  and 
fair,  which  the  poet  observes  in  commending  of  his  mistriss. 

f  Spectandum  nigris  oculis,  nigroque  capillo. 
which  Hesiod  admires  in  his  Alcmena, 

a  Jacob  Cornelius  Amnon  Tragoed.  Act.  1.  so.  1.  ^  Rosae  formosaium  oculi.s 

nascuntur,  et  hilaritas  vultiis  elegantiae  corona.     Philostratus  deliciis.  *^  Epist. 

et  iH  deliciis.  Abi  et  oppugnationem  rclinque,  quam  flamma  non  extinguit ;  nam  ab 
amore  ipsa  flamma  sentit  incendium.  Quse  corporuni  peuetratio,  quaj  tyrannis 
haec !  &c.  J  Loechaeus  Panthea.  «  Propertius.  f  Ovid,  amorum, 

lib.  2.  eleg.  4. 


238  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  -3.  Sec.  S?. 

» Cujus  a  vertice  ac  nigricantibus  ociilis, 
Tale  quiddam  spiral  ac  ab  aureji  Venere. 

From  her  black  eys,  and  from  her  golden  face, 
As  if  from  Venus,  came  a  lovely  grace. 

and  ^  Triton  in  Isis  Milaene, 

nigra  oculos  formosa  mihi. 

'^  Homer  usetli  tliat  cpitbite  of  oxo-eycd,  in  describini^  Juno, 
because  a  round  black  eye  is  the  best,  the  son  of  beauty,  and 
farthest  from  black  the  m  orse ;  which  ''  Polydoro  Virgil  taxeth 
in  our  nation;  Antjli  vt phaimnm  ccesiis  onnli>t,  we  have  gray 
eys  for  the  most  part.  Baptista  Porta,  Physiognom.  lib.  3. 
puts  gray  colour  upon  children,  they  be  childish  eys;  dull  and 
heavy.  Many  coinmcn<l  on  the  other  side  Spanish  ladies,  and 
those  *■  Greek  dames  at  this  day,  for  the  blackness  of  their 
eys,  as  Porta  dotli  his  Neapolitan  young  wives.  Sueton  de- 
scribes Julius  Csesar  to  have  been  7Uf/ris  ver/cf}sq?fe  ocnlis  mi- 
cantibus,  of  a  black  fjuick  sparkling  eye  :  and  although  Aver- 
roes  in  his  Colliget  will  have  such  persons  timerous,  yet  with- 
out  question  they  are  most  amorous. 

Now  last  of  all,  I  will  shew  you  by  what  means  beauty  doth 
fascinate,  bewitch,  as  some  hold,  and  work  upon  the  soul  of  a 
man  by  tlie  eye.  For  certainly  I  am  of  the  poets  mind,  Love 
doth  bewitch  and  strangely  change  us. 

f  Ludit  amor  sensus,  oculos  perstringit,  et  aufert 
Libertatem  animi,  raira  nos  fascinat  arte. 
Credo  aliquis  daemon  subiens  prsecordia  flammani 
Concitat,  et  raptam  toUit  de  cardine  mentem. 
Love  mocks  our  senses,  curbs  our  liberties, 
And  doth  bewitch  us  with  his  art  and  rings  : 
I  think  some  divel  gets  into  our  entrals. 
And  kindles  coals,  and  heaves  our  soul  from  th'  hinges. 

Heliodorus  lib.  3.  proves  at  large,  -that  love  is  witch-craft, 
it  f/ets  in  at  otir  eys,  pores^  nostrils,  inyenders  the  same  qua- 
lities, and  affections  in  us,  as  tceie  in  the  party  whence  it 
came.  The  manner  of  this  fascination,  as  Ficinus  10.  cap. 
com.  in  Plat,  declaies  it,  is  thus :  Mortal  men  are  then  espe- 
cially betcitchecl,  irhen  as  by  o^ten  gaziny  one  on  the  other, 
they  direct  siyht  to  siyht,  joyn  eye  to  eye,  and  so  drink  and 
suck  in  love  between  them;  Jbr  the  bey  inning  of  this  disease 

a  Sent.  Hercul.  i.  CalcafrninuM  dial.  'Iliad.].  >i  Hist.  lib.  1. 

«  Sands'  relation,  fol.  67.  '  Mantuan.  S  Amor  per  oculos,  nares,  poros,  in- 

fluens,  &c.  Mortales  tnm  soniniopere  fa.scinantur  quando  frequentissimo  iutuitu  acieiu 
dirigente.s,  &c.     Ideo  si  qiiis  nitore  polieat  oculorum,  &c. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]  Beauty  a  Cause.  239 

is  the  eye.  And  therefore  he  that  hath  a  clear  eye,  though 
he  be  otherwise  deformed,  by  often  looking  upon  him,  will 
make  one  mad,  and  fye  him  fast  to  him  by  the  eye.  Leonard. 
Varius,  lib.  1.  cap,  2.  defascinat.  telleth  us,  that  by  this  inter- 
view, '^the  purer  spirits  are  infected;  the  one  eye  pierceth 
through  the  other  with  his  rayes,  which  he  sends  forth  ;  and 
many  men  have  those  excellent  piercing-  eys,  that  which 
Suetonus  relates  of  Augustus,  their  brightness  is  such,  they 
compel  their  spectators  to  look  off,  and  can  no  more  endure 
them  then  the  sun  beames.  ^  Bar  radius  lib.  6.  cap.  10.  de 
Harmonid  Evangel,  reports  as  much  of  our  Saviour  Christ; 
and  "  Peter  Morales  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  whom  Nicephorus 
describes  likewise  to  have  been  yellow-hair'd,  of  a  wheat 
colour,  but  of  a  most  amiable  and  piercing  eye.  The  rayes, 
as  some  think,  sent  from  the  eys,  carry  certain  spiritual  va- 
pours with  them,  and  so  infect  the  other  party,  and  that  in  a 
moment.  I  know,  they  that  hold  visioft  intra  mittendo,  will 
make  a  doubt  of  this ;  but  Ficinus  proves  it  from  blear-eys, 
**  that  by  sight  alone,  make  others  blear-eyed :  and  it  is  more 
then  manifest,  that  the  vapour  of  the  corrupt  blood  doth  get 
in  together  ivith  the  rayes,  and  so  by  the  contagion,  the 
spectators  eys  are  infected.  Other  arguments  there  are  of  a 
basilisk,  that  kills  a  far  off  by  sight;  as  that  Ephesian  did  of 
whom  ^  Philostratus  speaks,  of  so  pernitious  an  eye,  he  poy- 
soned  all  he  looked  steddily  on  :  and  that  other  argument  out 
of  Aristotles  Problems ;  menstruos  foemince  morbosce,  (as  Ca- 
pivaccius  adds,  and  ^Septalius  the  Commentator)  contami- 
nate a  looking-glass  with  beholding  it.  ^So  the  beames  that 
come  from  the  agents  heart,  by  the  eys  infect  the  spirits  about 
the  patients,  inwardly  wound,  and  thence  the  spirits  infect  the 
blood.  To  this  effect  she  complained  in  ''Apuleius,  Thou  art 
the  cause  of  my  grief;  thy  eys  piercing  through  mine  eys  to 
mine  inner  parts,  have  set  my  boivels  on  fire,  and  therefore  pitty 
me,  that  am  noiv  ready  to  dye  for  thy  sake.  Ficinus  illustrates 
this,  with  a  familiar  example  of  that  Marrhusian  Phsedrus  and 
Theban  Ly  cias,  'Lycias  he  stares  on  Phcedrusface,  andPho;drus 

a  Spiritus  puriores  fascinantur,  oculus  a  se  radios  emittit,  &c.  ''Lib.  de  pnlch, 

Jes.  fct  Mar.  c  Lib.  2.  c.  23.  Colore  triticum  referente,  crine  flava,  acribus 

oculis.  <J  Lippi  solo  intuitu  alios  lippos  faciunt,  et  patet  una  cum  radio  vaporem 

corrupt!  sanguinis  emanare,  cujus  contagione  oculus  spectantis  inficitur.  «  Vita 

ApoUon.  f  Comment,  in  Aristot.  Probl.  &Sic  radius  a  corde  percutientis 

missus,  regimen  proprium  repetit,  cor  vulnerat,  per  oculos  et  sanguinem  intioit  et  spiri- 
tus, subtili  quadam  vi.  Castil.  lib.  3.  de  au!ico.  ''Lib.  10.  Causa  omnis  et  origo 
omuis  prajsentis  doloris  tute  es ;  isti  enim  tui  oculi,  per  nieos  oculos  ad  intima  delapsi 
prEecordia,  acerrimum  meis  meduUis  commovent  incendium  ;  ergo  miserere  tui  causa 
pereuntis.  "  Lycias  in  Phaedri  vultum  inhiat,  Phaedrus  in  oculos  Lyciap,  scintillas 
suorom  defigit  oculornm  ;  cumque  scintillis,  &c.  Sequitur  Phajdrus  Lyciam,  quia  cor 
suum  petit  spiritum  ;  Phasdrum  Lycias,  qnia  spiritus  propriam  sedem  postulat.  Verum 
Lycias,  &c. 


2i0  Love-Mi-.lancholij.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  I. 

fastens  the  halls  oj'his  e>/cs  upon  Lifcuts,  and  with  those  spark' 
Hnrf  mifes  sends  out  his  sjtirits.  The  huamcs  oj'  Phfcdrus  cifs 
arc  easily  tninr/led  with  the  brains  of  Lifcias,  and  spirits  are 
jot/nedto  spirits.  This  vapour  he(/ot  in  Phwdrus  heart,  enters 
into  Lycias  bowels  :  and  that  trhich  is  afjrcater  wonder^  Phcc- 
drus  blood  is  in  Lifcias  heart,  and  thence  come  those  ordinary 
love-speeches^  my  swcet-h'art  Plioidrns,  and  inine  oivn  self 
my  dear  bowels.  And Phadrus ayain  to  Lycias ;  O  my  liffht, 
my  joy,  my  soul,  mij  lij'e.  Pha>dr us  follows  Lycias  because  his 
heart  would  have  his  spirits ;  and  Lycias  follows  Phcedrus,  be- 
cause he  loves  the  seat  oj'  his  spirits  ;  bothfolloiv  ;  but  Lycias 
the  earnester  oj'the  two  :  the  river  hath  more  need  oj'thej'oun- 
tain,  then  thejountain  oJ'  the  river ;  as  iron  is  draivn  to  that 
which  is  touched  with  a  loadstone,  but  draws  not  it  ayaln  : 
so  Lycias  draws  Phcedrus.  But  hoir  comes  it  to  pass  then, 
that  the  blind  man  loves,  that  never  saic  ?  V/e  re.id,  in  the  lives 
of  tlie  fathers,  a  story  of  a  child  that  was  brought  up  iti  the 
wilderness,  from  his  infancy,  by  an  old  Jierniite:  now  come  to 
mans  estate,  he  saw  by  chance,  two  comely  women  Avandring  in 
the  woods:  he  asked  the  o!d  man  M'hat  creatures  they  were:  he 
told  them  fayries:  after  a  while  inWiwr  obiter,  the  hermite  de- 
manded of  him,  whicii  was  the  ploasantest  sight  that  ever  he 
saw  in  his  life  ?  he  readily  replyed,  the  tv»o  fayries  ^he  spied 
in  the  wilderness.  So  that  without  doubt,  there  is  some  secret 
loadstone  in  a  beautiful  woman  ;  a  magnetique  power  ;  a  na- 
tural inbred  affection,  which  moves  our  concupiscence  ;  and 
as  he  sings. 

Me  thinks  I  have  a  mistress  yet  to  come, 
And  still  I  seek,  I  love,  I  know  not  whom. 

'Tis  true  indeed  of  natural  and  chaste  love,  but  not  of  this 
heroicall  passion,  or  rather  brutish  burning  lust  of  which  we 
treat ;  we  speak  of  wandring,  wanton,  adulterous  eys;  which 
as  ''he  saith,  lie  still  in  wait  as  so  many  souldiers ;  and  when 
they  spy  an  innocent  spectator  fixed  on  them,  shoot  him 
through,  and  presently  bewitch  him;  especially  when  they 
shall  yaze  and  ylote,  as  wanton  lovers  do  upon  one  another, 
and  with  a  pleasant  eye-conflict  participate  each  others  souls. 
Hence  you  may  perceive  how  easily, and  how  quickly  we  may 
be  taken  in  love  ;  since  at  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  Phaedrus 
spirits  may  so  perniciously  infect  Lycias  blood.  ""  Neither  is 
it  any  wonder,  if  we  but  consider  hoiv   many  other  diseases 


»Daemonia inquit  quae  in  hoc  eremo  nnper  occiirrebant.  l>Ca8tilio  de  aiilico, 

I.  3.  fol.  •2-2S.     Oculi  ut  milites  in  insidiiM  semper  recubant,  et  suhito  ad  visum  sagittas 
einittunt,  &c.  ""Nee  mirum  si  reliqnos  morbos  qui  ex  contagione  nascuntur  con- 

siderenius,  pcstein,  prurituui,  scabien),  &c. 


Mem.  3.  .Subs.  3.]     Caui^es  of  Love-Melaiirhohj.  2U 

closely^  and  as  svddainly  are  caught  bij  infection;  plague, itch, 
scabs,  flux,  &c.  The  spirits  taken  in,  will  not  let  hira  rest 
that  hath  received  them,  but  egg  him  on. 

*  Idque  petit  corpus  mens  unde  est  saucia  amore  ; 

and  we  may  manifestly  perceive  a  strange  eduction  of  spirits, 
by  such  as  bleed  at  nose  afterthey  be  dead,  at  the  presence  of  the 
murderer;  but  read  more  of  this  in  Lemnius  lib.  2.  de  occult, 
nat.  miT.  cap.  7.  \  alleriola  lib.  2.  observ-  cap.  J.  Valesius  con- 
irov.     Ficinus,  Cardan,  Libavius  de  crnentis  cadaveribvs,  ^c. 


MEMB.  III.    SUBSECT.  III. 

Artifcial  allurements  of  Love  ;  causes  and  provocations  to 
Lust  ;  Gestures,  Cloaths,  Doicre,  <Sc. 

jS  ATURAL  beauty  is  a  stronger  loadstone  of  it  self,  as  you 
have  heard,  a  great  temptation,  and  pierceth  to  the  very  heart; 
^forma  verecundw  nocuit  mihi  visa  puella; ;  but  much  more  when 
tiiose  artificial  enticemenis  and  provocations  of  gestures, 
cloaths,  jewels,  pigments,  exornations,  shall  be  annexed  unto 
it;  those  other  circumstances,  opportunity  of  time  and  place 
shall  concur,  which  of  themselves  alone  were  all  sufficient, 
each  one  in  particular  to  produce  this  effect.  It  is  a  question 
much  controverted  by  some  wise  men, /brm«  debeat  plus  arti 
an  naturoi  ?  Whether  natural  or  artificial  objects  be  more 
powerful?  but  not  decided:  for  my  part,  I  amof  opinion,  that 
though  beauty  it  self  be  a  great  motive,  and  give  an  excellent 
lustre  iwsor<//6i^s,  in  beggery,  (as  a  jewel  on  a  dunghill  will  shine 
and  cast  its  rayes),  it  cannot  be  suppressed,  which  Heliodorus 
fains  of  Chariclea,  though  she  were  in  beggers  weeds  :  yet  as 
it  is  used,  artificial  is  of  more  force,  and  much  to  be  preferred. 

^  Sic  dentatasibi  videtur  -/Egle, 
Emptis  ossibus  Indicoque  cornu  : 
Sic,  quse  nigrior  est  cadente  moro, 
Cerussata  sibi  placet  Lycoris. 

So  toothless  ^gle  seems  a  pretty  one, 
Set  out  with  new  bought  teeth  of  Indy  bone  : 
So  foul  Lycoris  blacker  then  berry, 
Her  self  admires  now  finer  then  cherrv. 


»  Lucretius.  ''  In  beauty,  that  of  favor  is  preferred  before  that  of  celonrs,  and 

decent  motion  is  more  then  that  of  favor.     Bacons  Essaies.  e  Martialis. 

VOL.  II.  R 


242  Lovc-Melancliohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  ?. 

John  Leiius  tlie  Burgundian  cnp.  8.  Mst.  naviffut-  in  Drasi/. 
is  altogether  on  my  side.  For  whereas  (saith  he)  at oiir  corning" 
to  Brasil,  Ave  found  both  men  and  women  naked  as  thoy  were 
horn,  without  any  covering,  so  much  as  of  their  privities,  and 
could  not  be  perswaded,  by  our  Frenchmen  that  lived  a  year 
with  them,  to  wear  any,  '  Maiij/  will  think  that  our  so  long 
commerce  with  naked  icomen,  must  needs  be  a  f/reat  provocation 
to  lust ;  but  he  concludes  otherwise,  that  tiieir  nakedness  did 
nuich  less  entice  them  to  lasciviousness,  then  our  womeiis 
cloaths.  And  I  dare  holdhj  affirm,  (saith  he)  that  those  r/lit- 
terinq  attires^  counterfeit  colours,  headgears,  curled  hairs, 
plaited  coats,  cloaks,  gowns,  costbj  stomachers,  guarded  and 
loose  garments,  and  all  those  other  coutrements,wheren'ith  our 
count rg-icomen  counterj'eit  a  beauty  and  so  curioushj  set  out 
themselves,  cause  more  inconveyiience  in  this  kinde,  then  that 
Barbarian  homeliness,  although  theg  be  no  whit  inferior  unto 
them  in  beanty.  I  could  evince  the  truth  of  this  by  many  other 
arguments ;  but  I  appeal  (sahh  he)  to  my  companions  at  that 
present,  which  were  all  of  the  same  mind.  His  country-man 
Montagne  in  his  Essayes,  is  of  the  same  opinion;  and  so  are 
many  others  ;  out  of  whose  assertions  thus  much  in  brief  we 
may  conclude  ;  that  beauty  is  more  beholding  to  art  then 
nature;  and  stronger  provocations  proceed  from  outward  or- 
naments, then  such  as  nature  bath  provided.  It  is  true  that 
those  fair  sparkling  eys,  m  hite  neck,  coral  lips,  turgent  paps, 
rose-coloured  cheeks,  &c.  of  themselves  are  potent  enticers ; 
but  when  a  comely,  artificial,  well-composed  look,  pleasing 
gesture,  an  affected  carriage  shall  be  added,  it  must  needs  be 
far  more  forcible  then  it  was,  >vhen  those  curious  needle- 
works, variety  of  colours,  purest  dyes,  jewels,  spangles,  pen- 
dants, lawn,  lace,  tiffanies,  fair  and  fine  linnen,  embroideries, 
calamistrations,  oyntments,  &c.  shall  be  added,  they  will  make 
the  veriest  dowdy  a  goddess,  when  nature  shall  be  furthered 
by  art.  For  it  is  not  the  eye  of  it  self  that  entiseth  to  lust, 
but  an  adulterous  eye,  as  Peter  terms  it,  i^.  epist.  2.  14.  a 
wanton,  a  rolling,  lascivious  eye:  A  wandring  eye,  which 
Isaiah  taxeth,  3.  16.  Christ  himself,  and  the  Virgin  Mary 
had  most  beautiful  eys,  as  amiable  eys  as  any  persons,  saith 
^Barradius,  that  ever  lived;  but  withall  so  modest,  so 
chaste,  that  whosoever  lookd  on  them,  was  freed  from  that 
passion  of  burning  lust;  if  we    may   believe   ''Gerson  and 


•<  Miilti  tacite  opinandir  cominfrciam  illiid  adeo  frecjuens  cum  Barbaris  niulis,  as 
prajsertim  cum  fcbminis,  ad  libidinem  piovocare,  at  minus  iiiulto  noxia  illortnn  nuditas 
quam  nostrarum  foeminanim  cultus.  Ausiin  assoveraie  splendiduui  ilium  cultum,  fucos, 
&c.  ^  Harmo.  evangel,  lib.  fi.  cap.  6.  <^Serm.  de  concep.  virj^.     I'hysiog- 

noraia  virgin's  omnfs  movet  adcastitatem. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  3.]         Artijicial  Alhirements.  243 

*  Bonaventure,  there  was  no  such  antidote  ag-ainst  it,  as  the 
Virgin  Maries  face.  'Tis  not  the  eye,  but  carriage  of  it,  as 
they  use  it,  that  causeth  such  effects.  When  Pallas,  Juno, 
Venus,  were  to  win  Paris  favour  for  the  golden  apple,  as  it  is 
elegantly  described  in  that  pleasant  interlude  of  ''Apuleius, 
Juno  came  wiih  majesty  upon  the  stage;  Minerva  gravity;  but 
Venus,  dulce  suhridens,  confithit  amoene,  et  f/ratissimcE  gratice 
Deam  propitiantps,  A'C.  came  in  smiling  with  her  gratious 
graces  and  exquisite  musick,  as  if  she  had  danced,  et  nonnuu- 
qiiam  saltare  soils  ocufis,  and  which  was  the  main  matter  of 
all,  she  danced  with  her  rolling  eys  :  they  were  the  brokers 
and  harbingers  of  her  sute.  So  she  makes  her  brags  in  a  mo- 
dern poet ; 

c  Soon  could  I  make  my  brow  to  tyrannize, 
And  force  the  world  do  homage  to  mine  eys. 

The  eye  is  a  secret  orator,  the  first  hawde,  Jlmoris porta  ;  and 
with  private  looks,  winking',  glances  and  smiles,  as  so  many 
dialogues,  they  luake  up  the  match  many  times,  and  under- 
stand one  anothers  meanings,  before  they  come  to  speak  a 
word.  '^Eurialus  and  Lucretia  were  so  mutually  enamored 
by  the  eye,  and  prepared  to  give  each  other  entertainment,  be- 
fore ever  they  had  conference :  he  asked  her  good  will  with 
his  eye;  she  did  siiffrac/ari,  and  gave  consent  with  a  pleasant 
look.  That  '^Thracian  liodophe  was  so  excellent  at  this  dumb 
rhetorick,  that  [/'  she  had  but  looked  upon  any  one  almost 
(saith  Caiisiris)  she  iconld  have  bewitched  him;  and  he  could 
not  possibhj  escape  it.  For  as  ^Salvianus  observes,  the  eys 
are  the  windoics  of  our  souls,  by  which  as  so  many  channels, 
all  dishonest  concupiscence  gets  into  our  hearts.  They  reveal 
our  thoughts,  and  as  they  say,Jrons  animi  index;  but  the  eye 
of  the  countenance ; 

=  Quid  procacibus  intuere  ocellis  ?  &c. 

I  may  say  the  same  of  smiling,  gate,  nakedness  of  parts,  plau- 
sible gestures,  &c.  To  laugh  is  the  proper  passion  of  a  man  ; 
an  ordinary  thing  to  smile;  but  those  counterfeit,  composed, 
affected,  artificial  and  reciprocal,  those  counter-smiles,  are  the 
dumb  shews  and  prognoslicks  of  greater  matters,  which  they 
most  part  use,  to  inveagle  and  deceive  ;  though  many  fond 

^  3.  sent  d.  3.  q.  3.  Mirum.  virgo  forinosissima,  sed  a  netnine  conciipita.         ''  Met.  10. 
c  Rosamonds  complaint,  by  Sam.  Daniel.  '* /Eneas  Silv.  t  Heliodor.  1.  2. 

Rodophe  Thracia  tarn  inevitabili  fascine  instracta,^  tarn  exacte  oculis  intuens  attraiit, 
ut  si  in  illam  quis  incidisset,  fieri  non posset  qtiin  caperetnr.  'Lib.  3.  de  providentia. 
Animi  fenestra  ocnli,  et  oninis  improba  ciipiditas  per  ocellos  tanquaiu  canales  introit. 
VBachanaii. 

r2 


244  /.orcMelanrliuli/.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

lovers  again  are  so  frequently  mistaken,  and  led  into  a  fools 
paradise.  For  if  they  see  but  a  f;iir  maid  laui>h,  or  shew  a 
pleasant  countenance,  use  some  gratious  words  or  gestures, 
tliey  apply  it  all  to  themselves,  as  done  in  their  favour;  sure 
she  loves  them,  she  is  willing,  coming,  &c. 

Stultus  quando  videt  quod  pulchra  puellula  ridet, 
Trt'.n  fatuus  credit  se  quod  amare  velit. 

When  a  fool  sees  a  fair  maid  for  to  smile, 
He  thinks  she  loves  him ;  'lis  but  to  beguile. 

They  make  an  art  of  it,  as  the  poet  telleth  us ; 

a  Quis  credat  ?  discunt  etiam  ridere  puellse, 
Quseritur  atque  illis  hac  quoque  parte  decor : 

Who  can  believe  ?  to  laugh  maids  make  an  art, 
And  seek  a  pleasant  grace  to  that  same  part. 

And  'tis  as  great  an  entisement  as  any  of  the  rest ; 

b  subrisit  molle  puella, 

Cor  tibi  rite  salit. 

She  makes  thine  heart  leap  M-ith  "  a  pleasing  gentle  smile  of 
bers. 

d  Dulce  ridentem  Lalagen  arnabo, 
Dulce  loquentem, 

I  love  Lalage  as  much  for  smiling,  as  for  discoursing,  delec- 
tata  ilia  visit  tam  blandnm,  as  he  said  in  Petronius  of  his  mis- 
tress, being  well  pleased,  she  gave  so  sweet  a  smile.  It  won 
Ismenius,  as  he  ""confesseth  ;  Ismene  subrisit  amatorium,  Is- 
mene  smiled  so  lovingly  the  second  time  1  saw  her,  that  I 
could  not  chuse  but  admire  her:  and  (Dallas sweet  smile  quite 
overcame  *^Faustus  theshepheard ; 

Me  aspiciens  motis  blande  stibrisit  ocellis. 

All  other  gesturesof  the  body  will  enforce  as  much.  Daphnis 
in  pLucian,wasa  poor  tattered  Mench,  when  I  knew  her  first, 
said  Corl)ile,/>«««o.sa  et  lacrra  ;  but  now,  she  is  a  stately  piece 
indeed  ;  hath  her  maids  to  attend  her,  brave  attires,  njony  in 
her  purse,  &:c.  and  will  you  know  how  this  came  to  pass? 
hy  setting  out  her  selj' after  the  hestj'ashion;  by  her  pleasant 
carriage^  affability ^  sweet  smiling  upon  all,  eye.    Many  women 


*  Ovid,  de  arte  amandi.  i>Per8.  .3.  Sat.  "^  Vel  centum  Charites  ridere 

putaret.  Musaeiis  of  Hero.  "iHor.  Od.  22.  lib.  1.  t'KustathiiiH  1.  5.  fMan- 

taan.  kToid.  4.  merit  dial.  Eiornando  seip.sam  eleganter,  facilera  et  bilarem 

fie  gerendo  erga  cunctos,  ridendo  suave  ac  hiandum  quid,  &c. 


Mem,  3.  Subs.  3.]     Artificial  Allurements.        .  245 

dote  upon  a  man  for  his  complement  only,  and  good  behaviour; 
they  are  won  in  an  instant  j  too  credulous  to  believe  that 
every  light,  wanton  suiter,  who  sees  or  makes  love  to  them, 
is  instantly  enamored;  he  certainly  dotes  on,  admires  them, 
will  surely  marry,  when  as  he  means  nothiiig  less;  'tis  his  or- 
dinary carriage  in  all  such  companies.  So  both  delude  each 
other  by  such  outward  shews;  and  amongst  the  rest,  an  up- 
right, a  comely  grace,  curtesies,  gentle  salutations,  cringes, 
a  mincing  gate,  a  decent  and  an  affected  pace,  are  most  pow- 
erful entisers ;  and  which  the  prophet  Esay,  a  courtier  him- 
self, and  a  great  observer,  objected  to  the  daughters  of  Sion, 
3.  16.  they  minced  as  then  *^e«?,  and  made  a  tinkling  with 
their  feet.     To  say  the  truth,  what  can  they  not  effect  by  such 


"Whilst  nature  decks  them  in  their  best  attires 
Of  youth  and  beauty,  which  the  world  admires, 

*  Urit voce,  manu,  gressu,  pectore,  fronte,  oculis. 

When  art  shall  be  annexed  to  beauty,  when  wiles  and  guiles 
shall  concur  :  fortospeak  as  it  is,  loveisakind  of  legerdemain; 
meer  jugling,  afascination.  When  they  shew  their  fair  hand, 
line  foot  and  leg  withal,  magnum  sui  desideriiim  nobis  relin- 
quunt.,  saith  ''Balthazar  Castilio  lib.  1.  they  set  us  a  longing; 
and  so  ivhen  they  pull  np  their  petty-coats,  and  outward  gar- 
ments^ as  usually  they  do  to  shew  their  fine  stockings,  and 
those  of  purest  silken  dye,  gold  fringes,  laces,  embroyderings, 
(it  shall  go  hard  but  when  they  go  to  church,  or  to  any  other 
place,  all  shall  be  seen)  'tis  but  a  springe  to  catch  woodcocks; 
and  as  <^Chrysostome  telleth  them  down  right,  though  they 
say  nothing  with  their  jnouths,  they  speak  in  their  gate ;  they 
speak  iL'ith  their  eys;  they  speak  in  the  carriage  oj' their  bodies* 
And  what  shall  we  say  otherwise  of  that  baring  of  their  necks, 
shoulders,  naked  breasts,  arms  and  wrists,  to  what  end  are 
they  but  only  to  tempt  men  to  lust? 

d  Nam  quid  lacteolus  sinus,  et  ipsas 
Free  te  fers  sine  linteo  papillas  * 
Hoc  est  dicere,  posce,  posce,  trade; 
Hoc  est  ad  Venerem  vocare  araantes. 

There  needs  no  more,  as'^Fredericus  Matenesi  us  well  observes, 

a  Angerianus.  b  Vel  si  forte  vestiraentum  de  indnstria  elevetur,  ut  pedum  ac 

tibiarum  pars  aliqua  conspiciatur,  dam  templum  aut  locum  aliquem  adierit.  e  Ser- 

mone,  quod  non  foeminae  \iris  cohabitent.  Noa  loqnuta  es  liugua,  sed  loqauta  es 
gressu ;  non  loquuta  es  voce,  sed  oculis  loquutaes  clarius  quam  voce.  d  Joviaous 

Pontanus  Baiar.  lib.  1.  ad  Hermionem.  e  De  luxu  vestium  discurs.  6.     Nihil  aliud 

deest  nisi  ut  praeco  vos  prsecedat,  &c. 


246  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

but  a  cryer  to  go  before  them  so  dressed,  to  bid  us  look  out ; 
a  trumpet  to  sound,  or  for  defect  a  sowgelder  to  blow, 

*  Look  out,  look  out  and  see 
What  object  this  may  be 
That  doth  perstringe  mine  eye  : 
A  gaUant  lady  goes, 
In  rich  and  gaudy  clothes, 
But  whither  away  God  knows, 
look  out,  &c.  tf  qu(C  acquuntur, 

or  to  what  end  and  purpose?  But  to  leave  all  these  phantas- 
tical  raptures,  I'll  prosecute  mine  intended  theam.  Naked- 
ness, as  I  have  said,  is  an  odious  thing  of  itself,  remedium 
nmoris  ;  yet  it  may  be  so  used,  in  part,  and  at  set  times,  that 
there  can  be  no  such  entisement  as  it  is ; 

b  Nec  mihi  cincta  Diana  placet,  nee  nuda  Cyihera, 
Ilia  voluptatis  nil  habet,  hsec  nimium. 

David  so  espied  Rersheba;  the  elders  Susanna  :  "^  Apelles  was 
enamored  with  Campaspe,  when  he  was  to  paint  her  naked. 
Tiberius  in  Suet.  cap.A^2.  supped  with  Sestius  Gallus,  an  old 
leacher,  lihidinoso  sene,  eel  leffe  iit  midce  pnelUe  adminhtra- 
rent ;  some  say  as  much  of  Nero,  and  Pontus  Huter  of  Carolus 
Pugnax.,  Amongst  the  Babylonians,  it  was  the  custome  of 
some  lascivious  queans  to  dance,  friskin  in  that  fashion,  sailh 
Curtius  lib.  5.  and  Sardus  de  mor.  (fent.  lib.  1.  wriles  of  others 
to  that  effect.  '^The  Tuscans,  at  jome  set  banquets,  had  naked 
ATomen  to  atlend  upon  them;  which  Leonicus  de  varid  hist, 
lib.  3.  cap.  96.  confirms  of  such  other  bawdy  nations.  Nero 
would  have  filthy  pictures  still  hanging  in  his  chamber,  which 
is  too  commonly  used  in  our  times;  and  Heliogabalus,  etiam 
coram  agentes,  vt  ad  venerem  incitarent :  so  things  may  be 
abused.  A  servant  maid  in  Aristaenetus  spyed  her  master  and 
mistress  through  the  key  hole  e  merrily  disposed;  upon  the 
sight  she  fell  in  love  with  her  master.  'Antoninus  Caracalla 
observed  his  mother-in-law  with  her  breasts  amorously  laid 
open  ;  he  was  so  much  moved,  that  he  said,  ah  si  liceret,  O 
that  I  might;  M'hich  she  by  cliance  over-hearing,  replyed  as 
impudently,  ^ quicquid  libet  licet,  thou  maist  do  what  thou 
wilt:  and  upon  that  temptation  he  married  her;  this  object 
was  not  in  cause,  not  the  thing  itself;  but  that  unseemly,  un- 
deceut  carriaoe  of  it. 


•  If  you  can  tell  how,  you  may  sinp  this  to  the  tune,  a  sowgelder  blows.        b  Auson. 
cpig.  2^.  cpiin.  lib.  33.  cap.  10.     Campaspen  nuilam  picttiriis  Apelles,  amore 

ejus  illaqueatus  est.  ''  In  Tyrrlienis  conviviis  nuda^.  luulieres  mini.strabant 

«  Amatoria  misceates  vidit,  et  in  ipsis  complexibus  audit,  &c.  eraersit  inde  cupido  in 
pectns  Virginia.  f  Epist.  7.  lib.  2.  iSpartiau. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  3.]     Artificial  Allurements.  247 

When  you  have  all  d^owe,  veniuntavestesaffittie^ihegveMeHt 
provocations  of  lust  are  from  our  apparel;  God  makes,  they 
say,  man  shapes,  and  there  is  no  motive  like  unto  it; 

'^  Which  doth  even  beauty  beaiitifie, 
And  most  bewitch  a  wretched  eye. 

A  filthy  knave,  a  deformed  quean,  a  crooked  carkass,  a  mau- 
kin,  a  witch,  a  rotten  post,  an  hedgstake,  may  be  so  set  out  and 
tricked  up,  that  it  shall  make  as  fair  a  shew,  as  much  enamour 
as  the  rest :  many  a  silly  fellow  is  so  taken.  Primumluxnrice 
ancupmm,  one  calls  it,  the  first  snare  of  lust ;  ""  Bossus.  nncu- 
pmm  animarum,  lethalem  arundinem,^  fatal  reed,  the  greatest 
bawd,  forte  lenocmmm.  sanguineis  lachrymis  deplorandnm, 
saith  "^  Matenesius,  and  with  tears  of  blood  to  be  deplored. 
Not  that  comeliness  of  clothes  is  therefore  to  be  condemned, 
and  those  usual  ornaments  :  there  is  a  decency  and  decorum  m 
this,  as  well  as  in  other  things,  fit  to  be  used :  becoming  several 
persons,  and  befitting' their  estates;  he  is  only  phantastical, 
that  is  not  in  fashion,  and  like  an  old  image  in  Arras  hangings, 
when  a  manner  of  attire  is  generally  received  :  but  when  they 
are  so  new  fangled,  so  unstaid,  so  prodigious  in  their  attires, 
beyond  their  means  and  fortnnes,  unbefittinc(  their  age,  place, 
ouality,  condition,  what  should  we  otherwise  think  of  them  t 
Why  do  they  adorn  themselves  with  so  many  colours  of  hearbs, 
fictitious  flowers,  curious  needle  works,  quaint  devices,  sweet 
smelling-  odours,  with  those  inestimable  riches  of  pretious 
stones,  pearls,  rubies,  diamonds,  emeralds,  &c.  Why  do  they 
crown  themselves  with  gold  and  silver,  use  coronets  and 
tires  of  several  fashions,  deck  themselves  with  pendants,  brace- 
lets, ear-rings,  chains,  girdles,  rings,  pins,  spangles,  embroy- 
deries,  shadows,  rebatoes,  versicolor  ribbands?  Why  do  they 
make  such  glorious  shews  with  their  scarfs,  feathers,  fans, 
masks,  furs,  laces,  tiffanies,  rutfs,  falls,  calls,  cuffs,  damasks, 
velvets,  tinsels,  cloth  of  gold,  silver,  tissue  ?  With  colours  of 
heavens,  stars,  planets  :  the  strength  of  mettals,  stones,  odours, 
flowers,  birds,  beasts,  fishes,  and  whatsoever  Africk,  Asia, 
America,  sea,  land,  art,  and  industry  of  man  can  afford  ? 
Why  do  they  use  and  covet  such  novelty  of  inventions ;  such 
new  fangled  tires,  and  spend  such  inestimable  summs  on  them  ? 
To  what  end  are  those  crisped,  false  hairs,  painted  faces,  as  i 
dthe  satyrist  observes,  such  a  composed  (jate,  not  a  step  I 
awry  ?    Why  are  they  like  so  many  Sybarites,  Neros  Pop-  • 


a  Sidney's  Arcadia.  *' De  iinmod.  miilier.  cultu.  '' Discurs.  6.  de  liixii 

vestium.  ^  Petronius  fol.  95.     Quo  spectant  flexse  comas  ?  quo  facies  medicaniine 

atlrita^  et  oculorum  mollis  petulautia  ?  quo  incessus  tani  compositus..  &c. 


24S  Lorc-MehiHclio/if.  [Part.  y.  Sec.  2 

pea,  Assiierus  conciihines,  so  costly,  so  long-  a  dressing,  as 
Caesar  >vas  marshallino-  his  army,  or  an  hawk  in  pruning  r 
=•  J)inn  molinnlur,  ihtmcomnntvr,  (imntscsf :  .1  ^'fjardinrr  tfihes 
not  so  much  dcli^/it  and  jkuus  hi  his  (/ardei/,  ait  horseinun  to 
dress  his  horse,  scour  his  arnioi/r,  a  luarriiicr  about  his  ship,  a 
merchant  his  shop  and  shop-book,  as  they  do  about  their  faces, 
and  all  those  other  parts  :  such  setting  up  with  corks,  streight- 
uing  with  whale-bones;  why  is  it  but  as  a  d;iy-net  catcheth 
larks,  to  make  yong  men  stoop  unto  them  ?  I'ilocharus,  a  gal- 
lant in  Arista^netus,  advised  his  friend  Folia!nus,to  take  heed 
of  such  intisements  ;  "J'or  it  ivas  the  sweet  sound  and  motion 
of  his  mistress  span^fU's  and  bracelets^  the  smell  oj'  her  oynt- 
mentSf  that  captivated  himjirst ; 

Ilia  fuit  mentis  prima  ruina  mese. 

Quid  sihi  vull  pixidum  turba,  saith  ''Lucian,  to  what  use  are 
pins,  pots,  f/iasses,  oyntments.  irons,  combes,  bodkins,  settinf/- 
sticks  ?  ^Vhy  bestoic  they  all  their  patrimonies^  and  husbands 
yearly  revenues,  on  suchjboleries  ?  '  bina  patrimonia  singulis 
auribus ;  rvhy  use  they  drayous,  icaspes,  snakes,  for  chains^ 
inamellcd  jewels  on  their  necks,  ears  ?  dinnnm.  potius J'oret 
Jerro  mauus  istas  reliyuri,  atque  utinam  monilia  vere  dracones 
csscnt ;  they  had  more  need  some  of  them  be  tied  in  bedlam 
with  iron  chains;  have  a  Avhip  for  a  fan,  and  hair-cloths  next 
to  their  skins;  and  instead  of  wrought  smocks,  have  their 
cheeks  stigmatised  with  a  hot  iron  ;  i  say,  some  of  our  Jesa- 
bels,  instead  of  painting,  if  they  were  well  served.  But  why 
is  all  this  labour,  all  this  cost,  preparation,  riding,  running, 
far  fetched,  and  dear  bought  stutl'e  ?  '^  Because,  forsooth, 
they  would  he  fair  and  Jine;  and  ichere  nature  is  defective^ 
supply  it  by  art. 

e  Sanguine  quae  ver6  non  rubet,  arte  rubet,  (Ovid.) 

and  to  that  purpose  they  annointand  \):Ami  their  faces,  iom^ke 
Jlelen  of  Ilccuba 

parvamque  cxortamqur  puellam Europen  ; 


»Ter.  ''P.  Aretinc.     Hortulanus  non  i»a exerrettir  visendis  hortis,  eques 

p(|U)8,  aroiis,  nauta  navibus,  &.c.  >'  EpisL  4.  tSonus  annillarum  bene  sonantiuin, 

odor  unguentoruni,  ike.  •'Tom.  4.  dial.  Amor.  Vascula  plena  nnilfa-  infelicitatis 

oniiieni  niaritorum  opiilentiani  in  ha'C  iinpendunt,  dracones  pro  nionilibus  habent,  qui 
ntinani  vere  dracones  essent.   Liician.  ^Seneca.  ' Castillo  de 

nulic.  lib.  1.  Miilieribii.s  omnibus  hoc  imprimis  in  votis  est,  ut  formosac  sint,  aut  si 
reipsn  uon  sint,  videantur  tainen  esse  ;  et  si  (|ua  parte  natura  defuit,  artis  stippetias  ad- 
jungniit :  luidc  illre  faciei  unctioucsj  dolox  tt  cruciatus  in  arctandis  corporibuSj  &:c. 
•  Ovid.  «  pist.  iNIed.  Jasoui. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  3.]         Artijiciall  Allurements.  24r9 

To  this  intent  they  crush  in  their  feet  and  bodies  ;  hurt  and 
crucifie  themselves,  sometimes  in  laxe  clothes,  an  hundred 
yards  I  think  in  a  gown,  a  sleeve  ;  and  sometimes  again  so 
close,  nt  nudos  exprimat  artus.  ^Now  long  tails  and  trains, 
and  then  short,  up,  down,  high,  low,  thick,  thin,  &c.  now 
little  or  no  bands;  then  as  big  as  cart  wheels;  now  loose 
bodies  ;  then  great  fardingals  and  close  girt,  &c.  Why  is  al! 
this,  but  with  the  whore  in  the  Proverbs,  to  intoxicate  some 
or  other?  ocnlorum  decipufain,  ^one  therefore  calls  it  et  indi- 
cem  lihidinis,  the  trap  of  lust,  and  sure  token,  as  an  ivy-bush 
is  to  a  tavern. 

Quod  pulchros,  Glycere,  sumas  de  pixide  vultus, 
Quod  tibi  compositse  nee  sine  lege  corriEe  ; 

Quod  niteat  digitis  adamas,  beryllus  in  aure, 
Non  sum  divimis,  sed  scio  quid  cupias. 

O  Glycere,  in  that  you  paint  so  much. 
Your  hair  is  so  bedeck't,  in  order  such, 
"With  rings  on  fingers,  bracelets  in  your  ear. 
Although  no  prophet,  tell  I  can,  I  fear. 

To  be  admired,  to  be  gazed  on,  to  circumvent  some  novice,, 
as  many  times  they  do  ;  that  instead  of  a  lady  he  loves  a  cap 
and  a  feather ;  instead  of  a  maid  that  should  have  vertim 
colorem,  corpus  solidum  et  sued  plenum  (as  Chaerea  describes 
his  mistress  in  the  *=  Poet);  a  painted  face,  a  ruffe-band,  fair 
and  fine  liainen,  a  coronet,  a  flowre, 

d  (Naturasque  putat  quod  fuit  artificis,) 

a  wrought  vraistcoate  he  dotes  on,  or  a  pied  petticote  ;  a  pure 
die  instead  of  a  proper  woman.  For  generally,  as  with  rich 
furred  conies,  their  cases  are  far  better  then  their  bodies, 
antl  like  the  bark  of  a  cinnamon  tree,  which  is  dearer 
then  the  whole  bulk,  their  outward  accoutrements  are  far 
more  pretious  then  their  inward  indowments.  'Tis  too  com- 
monly so. 

«  Auferimur  cultu  et  gemmis,  auroque  teguntur 
Omnia ;  pars  minima  est  ipsa  puella  sui. 

With  gold  and  jewels  all  is  covered. 

And  with  a  strange  tire  we  are  won, 
(While  she's  the  least  part  of  herself) 

And  with  such  baubles  quite  undone. 


^  iVIodo  caudatas  tunicas,  &c.     Bossus.  b  Scribanias  philos.  Christ,  cap.  6, 

Ttr.  Eunuc.  Act.  '2.  Seen.  3.  J  Stroza  fil.  <=  Ovid. 


250  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  5.  Sec.  2. 

"Why  do  they  keep  iii  so  lonir'  too;-ether,  a  wliolc  winter 
soinefimes,  and  will  not  be  seen  by  torch  or  candle-lig-ht,  and 
come  abroad  with  all  the  preparation  may  be,  wheai  they  have 
no  business  but  only  to  shew  themselves  ? 

Spectatum  veniunt,  veniunt  spectentur  ut  ipsse. 
a  For  what  is  beauty  if  it  be  not  seen, 
Or  what  is't  to  be  seen  if  not  admir'd. 
And  tliough  admir'd,  unless  in  love  desir'd  ? 

why  do  tliey  q^o  with  such  counterfeit  jyate,  which  'Philo 
Judteus  reprehends  them  for,  and  use  (I  say  it  airair)  such 
gestures,  apish, ridiculous,  undecentattireSj^j/iarjV/er//  tricks, 
fiicos  genis,  pjirjmrissam  venis,  cerussamj'routi,  ler/es  ocr/lis, 
^♦c.  use  those  sweet  perfumes,  powders  and  oyntments  in 
publike ;  flock  to  bear  sermons  so  frequent;  is  it  for  devotion  .' 
or  rather  as  *=  Basil  tels  them,  to  meet  their  sweet-hearts,  and 
see  fashions  ;  for  as  he  saith,  commonly  they  come  so  provided 
to  that  place,  with  such  curious  complements,  with  such  g-es- 
tures  and  tires,  a«  if  they  should  go  to  a  dancing-  school,  a 
stage-play,  or  a  bawdy-house,  fitter  then  a  church, 

When  such  a  she-priest  comes  her  mass  to  say. 
Twenty  to  one  they  all  forget  to  pray. 

They  make  those  holy  temples,  consecrated  to  f/odly  martyrs, 
and  rclUfious  uses,  the  shops  of  impudence,  dens  oj'  vhores 
and  theeves,  and  little  better  then  brothel  houses.  VVhen  we 
shall  see  these  things  dayly  done,  their  husbands  bankrupts, 
if  not  cornutos,  their  wives  light  huswives,  daughters,  dis- 
honest ;  and  hear  of  such  dissolute  acts,  as  dayly  we  do,  how 
should  we  think  otherwise  ?  w  hat  is  their  end,  but  to  deceive 
and  inveigle  yongmen  ?  as  tow  takes  fire,  such  enticingobjects 
produce  their  eflect;  how  can  it  be  altered?  When  Venus 
stood  before  Anchises  (as  '•Homer  fains  in  one  of  his  hymns) 
in  her  costly  robes,  he  was  instantly  taken  : 

Cum  ante  ipsum  staret  Jovis  filia,  videns  earn 
Anchises,  admirabatur  formam,  et  stupendas  vestes  ; 
Erat  enim  induta  pepio,  igneis  radiis  splendidiore  ; 
Habebat  quoque  torques  fulgidos,  flexiles  haelices, 
Tenerum  collum  ambiebant  raonilia  pulchra, 
Aurea,  variegata. 

a  S.  Daniel.  •>  Lib.  de  victimis.    Fracto  incessn,  obtnitu  lasrivo,  cala- 

mistraU,  rincinnata,  fiicata,  receiis  lota,  purpurissata,  pretiosoque  ariiicfa  palliolo,  spi- 
rans  nnguenta,  ut  juvenum  aninin<i  circuniveniat.  f  Orat.  in  ebrios. 

Irapudenter  se  mascnlonim  aspertibus  exponunt,  insolenter  comas  jactantes,  trahunt 
funica.s  pedibas  rollidentes,  ociiloque  petulanti,  riHii  eflTiiso,  ad  tripudiiim  insanientts, 
omnein  adolescentiim  int^'inperanliain  in  se  provocantes,  idqn(>  in  leniplis  nieinoria! 
martymin  consecratis ;  pomoeriuni  civitatis  officinani  fecerunt  iinpudentia:.  ^  Hyuino 
Veneri  dicato. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  S.]         Artificial  Allurements.  251 

When  Venus  stood  before  Anchises  first. 
He  was  amaz'd  to  see  her  in  her  tires ; 
For  she  had  on  a  hood  as  red  as  lire, 
And  glittering  chains,  and  ivy  twisted  spires; 
About  her  tender  neck  were  costly  bruches. 
And  neck-laces  of  gold,  inamell'd  ouches. 

So  when  Medea  came  in  presence  of  Jason  first,  attended  by 
her  nymphs  and  ladies,  as  she  is  described  by  ''ApoUonius, 

Cunctas  vero  ignis  instar  sequebatur  splendor, 
Tantum  ab  aureis  firabriis  respiendebat  jubar, 
Accenditque  in  oculis  dulce  desiderium. 

A  lustre  followed  them  like  flaming  fire. 

And  from  their  golden  borders  came  such  beams, 

Which  in  his  eys  provok'd  a  sweet  desire. 

Such  a  relation  we  have  in  ^  Plutarch  ;  when  the  queens 
came  and  offered  themselves  to  Anthony,^  with  divers  pre- 
sents^ and  entising  ornaments,  Asiatick  allurements,  with 
such  ivo7iderful  joy  and  festivity^  they  did  so  inveagle  the 
Romans,  that  no  man  could  contain  himself^;  all  was  turned 
to  delight  and  pleasure.  The  ivoineti  transformed  themselves 
to  Bacchus  shapes ;  the  men-children  to  Satyrs  and  Pans ;  hut 
Anthony  himself  was  quite  besotted  ivith  Cleopatras  sweet 
speeches,  philters,  beauty,  pleasing  tires :  for  when  she  sailed 
along  the  river  Cydnus,  tvith  such  incredible  pomp,  in  a 
gilded  ship,  herself  dressed  like  Venus,  her  maids  like  the 
(Graces,  her  pages  like  so  many  Cupids  ;  Anthony  was  amazed, 
and  rapt  beyond  himself  Heliodorus,  lib.  1.  brings  in  Dame- 
neta,  step-mother  to  Cnemon,  whom  she  ^  saw  in  his  scarfs, 
rings,  robes  and  coronet,  quite  mad  for  the  love  of  him.  It 
was  Judiths  pantofles  that  ravished  the  eys  of  Olofernes.  And 
^  Cardan  is  not  ashamed  to  confess,  that  seeing  his  wife  the 
first  time,  all  in  white,  he  did  admire  and  instantly  love  her. 
If  these  outward  ornaments  were  not  of  such  force,  why  doth 
'Naomi  give  Ruth  counsel  how  to  please  Boaz?  and  sJmJitli 
seeking  to  captivate  Olofernes,  washed  and  anointed  her  self 
with  sweet  oyntments,  dressed  her  hair,  and  put  on  costly  at- 
tires. The  riot  in  this  kinde  hath  been  excessive  in  times 
past ;  no  man  almost  came  abroad,  but  curled  and  anointed ; 


»  Argonaut.  1.  4.  *>  Vit.  Anton.  <=  Regio  dono  omatnqne  certantes, 

sese  ac  formara  snani  Antonio  offerentes,  &c.  Cum  ornata  et  incredibili  pompa  per 
Cydnum  fluvium  navigarent  auratapuppi,  ipsa  ad  similitudiuem  Veneris  ornatn,  pnellae 
Gratiis  similes,  pneri  Cupidinibus,  Antonins  ad  visum  stupefactus.  d  Amic- 

tnm  chlamyde  etcoronis,  qunm  primum  aspexit  Cnemonem,  ex  potestate  mentis  excidit. 
e  Lib.  de  lib.  prop.  f  Rnth,  3.  3.  S  Cap.  10.  3,  4. 


252  Love-Melanchohj.  [Parf.  3.  Sec.  2. 

"  Et  matutino  sudans  Crispinus  amomo, 
Quantum  vix  redolent  duo  funera, 

one  spent  as  much  as  two  funerals  at  once,  and  with  perfumed 
linirs,  ^  et  rosd  canos  odorali  capil/os  Assi/rid(j7te  nardo. 
What  strange  thing  dolh  '^Sueton  relate  in  this  matter  of  Ca- 
lioulasriot?  And  Pliny,  lib.  12.  et  13.  Read  more  in  Diosco- 
rioes,  Ulmus,  Arnoldus,  Randoletiiis  de  fuco  et  decoratione  ; 
for  it  is  now  an  art,  as  it  was  of  old,  (so ''  Seneca  records)  ojffici- 
7ice  sunt  odores  coqitentitim.  Women  are  bad  and  men  worse ; 
no  difference  at  all  betwixt  their  and  our  times.  « Good 
manners,  (as  Seneca  complains)  are  extinct  with  icantonness  : 
in  tricking  up  themselves,  men  go  beyond  loomen  ;  they  wear 
harlots  colours,  and  do  not  walk,  but  jet  and  dance,  hie 
mulier,  hsec  vir,  more  like  players,  butterflies,  baboons,  apes, 
anticks,  then  men.  So  ridiculous,  moreover,  we  are  in  our 
attires,  and  for  cost  so  excessive,  that  as  Hierome  said  of  old, 
Uno  filo  villarum  insunt  prctia,  nno  lino  decies  sestertium 
inseritur ;  'tis  an  ordinary  thing  to  put  a  thousand  okes,  and 
an  hundred  oxen  into  a  suit  of  apparel ;  to  wearaAvhcJe  man- 
nor  on  his  back.  What  with  shooe-ties,  hangers,  points, 
caps  and  feathers,  scarfs,  bands,  cufl^s,  &c.  in  a  short  space 
their  whole  patrimonies  are  consumed.  Heliogabalus  is  taxed 
by  Lampridius,  and  admired  in  his  age,  for  wearing  jewels  in 
his  shooes;  a  common  thing  in  our  times;  not  for  emperours 
and  princes,  but  almost  for  serving  men  and  taylors  :  all  the 
flowres,  stars,  constellations,  gold  and  pretious  stones  do  con- 
descend toset  out  their  shooes.  To  repress  the  luxury  ofthose 
Roman  matrons,  there  was  ''Lex  Valeria  and  Oppia,  and  a 
Cato  to  contradict ;  but  no  laws  will  serve  to  repress  the  pride 
and  insolency  of  our  days  ;  the  prodigious  riot  in  this  kinde. 
Lucullus  wardrope  is  put  down  by  our  ordinary  citizens;  and 
a  coblers  wife  in  Venice,  a  courtesan  in  Florence,  is  no  whit 
inferiour  to  a  <jucen,  if  our  geographers  say  true  :  and  why  is 
all  this  ?  Why  do  they  glory  in  their  jewels  (as  "^he  saith)  or 
exult  and  triumph  in  the  beauty  of  clothes  ?  tvhy  is  all  this 
cost  ?  to  incite  men  the  sooner  to  burning  lust.  They  pretend 
decency  and  ornament;  but  let  them  take  heed,  lest  while  they 
set  out  their  bodies,  they  do  not  damn  their  souls;  tis  ''Bernards 


»  Jav.  Sat.  6.  bHor.  lib.  2.  Od.  11.    "  cCap.  27.  .1  Epist.  90. 

r  Qnicqnid  est  boni  moris  levitate  extingiiitur,  et  politnra  corporis  mnliebres  munditias 
antece,ssinins,  colores  meretricios  viri  sumitnus,  tenero  et  molli  gradii  snspendimus  gra- 
dum,  non  anibulamns.     Nat,  qiia;st.  lib.  7.  cap.  31.  f  Liv.  V\h.  4. 

dec.  4.  sQuid  exultas  in  ptilchritudine  paiini?  quid  pjlorians  in  gemmis 

ut  facilias  invites  ad  iibidinosum  incendium?  Mat.  Bossus  de  immoder.  mulier. 
cnlta.  ''  Epist.  1  V.i.  Fulgent  nionilibus,  moribus  sordent^  purpurata  vestis, 

conscientja  pannosa,  cap.  3.  J7. 


Mem.  3.  Subs,  3.]         Artificial  Allurements.  253 

counsel ;  shine  in  jewels,  stink  in  conditions ;  have  pur^ 
pie  robes,  and  a  torn  conscience.  Let  them  take  heed  of 
Esays  prophesie,  that  their  slippers  and  tires  be  not  taken 
from  them,  sweet  balls,  bracelets,  earings,  vailes,  wimples, 
crisping-pins,  glasses,  fine  linnen,  hoods,  lawns,  and  sweet 
savours,  they  become  not  bald,  burnt,  and  stinke  upon  a  sudden. 
And  let  maids  beware,  as  ^Cyprian  adviseth,  lest  while  they 
wander  too  loosely  abroad,  they  loose  not  their  virginities  ; 
and  like  ^Egyptian  temples,  seem  fair  without,  but  prove 
rotten  carcasses  within.  How  much  better  were  it  for  them 
to  follow  that  good  counsel  of  Tertnllian?  ^  To  have  their 
eyes  painted  tvith  chastity  ;  the  word  of  God  inserted  into 
their  ears ;  Christs  yoke  tied  to  their  hair ;  to  subject  them- 
selves  to  their  husbands.  If' they  would  do  so,  they  should  be 
comely  enough,  cloathe  themselves  with  the  si  Ik  of  sanctity,  da- 
mask of  devotion,  purple  of  piety  and  chastity,  and  so  painted, 
they  shall  have  God  himself  to  be  a  suiter :  Let  ivhores  and 
queans  prank  up  themselves  ;  ^let  them  paint  their  faces  ivith 
minion  and  cerusse  ;  they  are  but  fuels  of  lust,  and  sir/ns  of  a 
corrupt  soul:  if  ye  be  good,  honest,  vertuous,  and  religious  ma- 
trons, let  sobriety,  modesty  and  chastity  be  your  honour,  and 
God  himself  your  love  and  desire.  Mulier  recte  olet,  ubi  nihil 
olet ;  then  a  woman  smells  best,  when  she  hath  no  perfume  at 
all ;  no  crown,  chain,  or  jewel  (Guivarra  adds)  is  such  an  orna- 
ment to  a  virgin,  or  vertuous  woman,  qnam  virgini  pudor,  as 
chastity  is  :  more  credit  in  a  wise  mans  eye  and  judgement, 
theyget  by  their  plainness,and  seem  fairerthen  they  thatare  set 
out  with  baubles,  as  a  butchers  meat  is  with  pricks  ;  puffed  up 
and  adorned,  like  so  many  jays,  with  variety  of  colours.  It  is 
reported  of  Cornelia,  that  vertuous  Roman  lady,  great  Scipios 
daughter,  Titus  Sempronius  wife,  and  the  mother  of  the 
Gracchi,  that  being  by  chance  in  company  with  a  companion,  a 
strange  gentlewoman  (some  light  huswife,  belike)  that  was 
dressed  like  a  May  lady,  and  as  most  of  our  gentlewomen  are, 
was  ^  more  solicitous  of  her  head  tire,  then  of  her  health  ; 
that  spent  her  time  betwixt  a  comb  and  a  glass  ;  and  had  rather 


aDe  virginall  habita.    Dum  ornari  cultius,  dum  evagari  virgines  volunt,  desinnnt 
esse  virgines.     Clemens  Alexantlrinus  lib,  de  palchr.  animse,  ibid.  bLib.  2. 

de  cnltu  mulierutn.  Oculos  depletes  verecundia,  inserentes  in  aiires  sennonem  Dei, 
annectentes  crinibtis  jugum  Christi,  caput  maritis  subjioientes,  sic  facile  et  satis  eritis 
ornatae  :  vestite  vos  serico  probitatis,  byssino  sanctitatis,  purpura  pndicitiae  ;  taliter  pig- 
mentatae  Denm  habebitis  amatorern.  c  Suas  habeant  RomanBe  lascivias ;  pur- 

parissa,  ac  cerussa  ora  perungant,  fomenta  libidinum,  et  corruplae  mentis  indicia  ;  ves- 
tram  omamentum  Deus  sit,  pudicitia,  virtutis  studium.    Bossus  Plautus.  d  Solli- 

citiores  de  capitis  sai  decore  quam  de  salute,  inter  pectinem  et  speculum  diem  perdunt ; 
concinniores  esse  malant  quam  honestiores,  et  rempub.  minus  turbari  curant  quam 
comam.    Seneca. 


2jlf  Love-Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Soc.  2. 

he  fair  then  honest  (as  Cato  said)  and  hove  the  common-wealth 
tn'nu'd  topsie  turvie,  then  her  firrs  marred;  and  she  did  nouj^ht 
but  l)ragof  lier  Kne  robes  andj(!\,els,  and  provoked  theUoiiian 
matron  to  shew  hers:  Cornelia  kept  her  in  talk  till  her  child- 
ren came  from  school  ;  and,  these,  said  she,  are  my  jewels  ; 
and  so  deluded  and  put  off  a  proud,  vain,  phantasticall  huswife. 
How  much  better  were  it  for  our  matrons  to  do  as  she  did, 
to  go  civilly  and  decently,  ^  Honest  a;  muUerh  instar  (puc 
utitnr  auro  pro  eo  qnod  est,  ad  ea  tanlnm  (/nihus  opus  est,  to 
use  gold  as  it  is  gold,  and  for  that  use  it  serves,  and  when 
they  need  it,  then  to  consume  it  in  riot,  begger  their  husbands, 
prostitute  themselves,  inveagle  others,  and  perad venture  danm 
their  own  souls?  How  much  more  would  it  be  for  their  honour 
and  credit?  Thus  doing,  as  Hierome  said  of  Blesilla,  ^J^nrius 
did  not  so  triumph  over  the  Gaules,  Papyrius  of  the  Sam- 
nites,  Scijno  of  ^Yutnantia,  as  she  did  by  her  temperance ; 
pallid  semper  veste,  Sfc.  they  should  insult  and  domineer  over 
lust,  folly,  vain-glory,  all  such  inordinate,  furious  and  unruly 
passions. 

But  I  am  over  tedious,  I  confess,  and  whilst  I  stand  gaping 
after  fine  clothes,  there  is  another  great  allurement,  (in  the 
worlds  eye  at  least)  which  had  like  to  have  stoln  out  of  sight, 
and  that  is  mony ;  veniunt  a  dote  sarjitfa^,  uiony  makes  the 
match  ;  <^Mo»ov  x^yv^ov  ^hiirovaiv :  'Tis  like  sauce  to  their  meat,  cum 
came  condiynentum,  a  good  dowry  with  a  wife.  3Iany  men  if 
they  do  but  hear  of  a  great  portion,  a  rich  heir,  are  more  mad 
then  if  they  had  all  the  beauteous  ornaments,  and  those  good 
parts  art  and  nature  can  afford ;  "^  they  care  not  for  honesty, 
bringing  up,  birth,  beauty,  person,  but  for  mony. 


*Canes  et  equos  (6  Cyrne)  quserimus 
Nobiles,  el  a  bona  progeiiie  ; 
Malam  vero  uxorem,  malique  patris  filiam 
Ducere  non  curat  vir  bonus, 
Modo  ei  magnam  dotem  aiFerat. 

Our  dogs  and  horses  still  from  the  best  breed 
We  carefully  seek,  and  well  may  they  speed  : 
But  for  our  wives,  so  they  prove  wealthy, 
Fair  or  foul,  we  care  not  what  they  be. 

If  she  be  rich,  then  she  is  fair,  fine,  absolute  an<l  perfect;  then 
tbry  burn  like  fire,  they  love  her  deiirly,  like  pig  and  pye,  and 
are  ready  to  hang  themselves  if  they  may  not  have  her.     No- 


»  Liician.  ^  Non  sic  Furiiis  dp  f  Jallis,  non  Papyrius  de  Samnitibns,  Scipio  de 

Numantia  triiitnpbavit,  ac  ilia  se  vincendo  iu  hac  parte.  «  Anacreon,  4,  SoIobi 

intueruur  aurura.  <<  AlFer  tecum  si  vis  rivpre  mecum.  iTIieognis. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  3.]         Artificial  Allurements.  255 

thing-  so  familiar  in  these  dayes,  as  for  a  yoiig  men  to  marry  an 
old  wife,  as  they  say,  for  a  piece  of  g-old;  asinumauro  onustum  ; 
and  though  she  be  an  old  crone,  and  have  never  a  tooth  in  her 
head,  neither  good  conditions,  nor  good  face,  a  natural  fool, 
but  onely  rich,  she  will  have  twenty  yong  gallants  to  be 
suiters  in  an  instant.  As  she  said  in  Suetonius,  non  me,  sed  mea 
amhhmt,  'tis  not  tor  her  sake,  but  for  her  lands  or  niony;  and 
an  excellent  match  it  were  (as  he  added)  if  she  were  away. 
So  on  the  other  side,  many  a  yong  lovely  maid  will  cast  away 
her  self  upon  an  old,  doting,  decrepit  dizard  ; 

a  Bis  puer  effoeto  quamvis  balbutiat  ore, 
Prima  legit  rarse  tam  culta  roseta  puellse, 

that  isrheumatick  and  gouty ;  hath  some  twenty  diseases;  per- 
haps but  one  eye,  one  leg-,  never  a  nose,  no  hair  on  his  head, 
wit  in  his  brains,  nor  honesty ;  if  he  have  land  or  ''mony,  she 
will  have  him  before  all  other  suiters, 

<^  Dummodo  sit  dives  barbarus  ille  placet. 

If  he  be  rich,  he  is  the  man,  a  fine  man,  and  a  proper  man  ; 
she'l  go  to  Jacaktres  or  Tidore  with  him  :  Gilesimns  de  monte 
mireo.  Sir  Giles  Goosecap,  Sir  Amorous  La  Fool,  shall  have 
her.  And  as  Philemasium  in  *^  Arista^netus  told  Emmusus, 
absque  argento  omnia  vana^  hang  him  that  hath  no  mony ;  'tis 
to  no  purpose  to  talk  of  marriaf/e  tvithout  means,  ^  trouble 
me  not  with  such  motions;  let  others  do  as  they  will,  P II  be  sure 
to  have  one  shall  maintain  me  fine  and  brave.  Most  are  of 
her  minde.  ^  J)e  moribus  ultima  fiet  qucestio,  for  his  con- 
ditions, she  shall  enquire  after  them  another  time  ;  or  when 
all  is  done,  the  match  made,  and  every  body  gone  home. 
^Lucians  Lycia  was  a  proper  yong  maid,  and  had  many  fine 
gentlemen  to  her  suiters;  Ethecles,  a  senators  son,  Melissus  a 
merchant,  &c.  but  she  forsook  them  all  for  one  Passius,  abase, 
hirsute,  bald-pated  knave ;  but  why  was  it?  His  father  latelij 
died  and  left  him  sole  heir  of  his  goods  and  lands.  This  is 
not  amongst  your  dust-worms  alone,  poor  snakes  that  will 
prostitute  their  souls  for  mony ;  but  with  this  bait  you  may 
catch  our  most  potent,  puissant,  and  illustrious  princes.  That 
proud  upstartdomineeringbishop  of  Ely,in  the  time  of  Richard 


a  Chaloner,  1.  9.  de  Repub.  An?.  b  Uxorem  ducat  Danaen,  &c.  c  Ovid. 

d  Epist.  14.  Formam  spectant  alii  per  gratias,  ego  pecuniam,  &;c.  ne  raihi  negotinm 
facesse.  «^  Qui  caret  argento,  frustra  utitur  argutnento.  fjuveoalis.  sTom.  4. 
merit,  dial.  Maltos  amatores  rejecit,  quia  pater  ejus  Duper  mortuns,  ac  dominns  ipse 
factus  bonormu  omnium. 


251)  Lore- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  ?. 

the  first,  viceroy  in  his  absence,  as  *  Nuburgensis  relates  it,  to 
fortitie  himself,  and  maintain  his  greatness,  propinqrtnrum  S7ia- 
rum  comnihiis,  plurimos  sibi  fwfentes  et  nohiles  devincire  rura- 
vit,  married  his  poor  kinswomen  (which  come  forth  of  Nor- 
mandy i)y  droves)  to  the  chiefest  nobles  of  the  land,  and  thev 
were  glad  to  accept  of  such  matches,  fair  or  foul,  for  them- 
selves, their  sons,  nephews,  &c.  J'Jf  ([uh  tnm  prac/aram  affi- 
nitatem  sub  spe  mar/nfc  promotinnis  non  opfrtret  ?  Mho  would 
not  have  done  as  much  for  mony  and  preferment  ?  as  mine 
author  ^  adds.  Vortiger,  king  of  Britain,  married  Rowena 
the  daughter  of  Hengist  the  Saxon  prince,  his  moriall  enemy; 
but  wherefore?  she  had  Kent  for  her  dowry.  Jagello  the  great 
dukeof  Lithuania, 138(i,  was  mightily  enamoured  on  Hedenga, 
insomuch  that  he  turned  Christian  from  a  Pagan,  and  was  bap- 
tized himself  by  the  nameof  Uladislaus,  and  all  his  subjects,  for 
her  sake  :  but  why  Mas  it?  she  was  daughter  and  heir  of  Po- 
land, and  his  desire  was  to  have  both  kingdoms  incorporated 
into  one.  Charls  the  great  was  an  earnest  suiter  to  Irene  the 
empress,  but,  saith  ^Zonaras,  ob  recfnum  ;  to  annex  the  empire 
of  the  east  to  that  of  the  west.  Yet  what  is  the  event  of  all 
such  matches  that  are  so  made  for  mony,  goods,  b}'  deceit,  or 
for  burning  lust,  qiiosfoeda  libido  conjtmait, w  hut  follows?  they 
are  almost  mad  at  first,  but  'tis  a  meer  flash;  as  chaff  and  straw 
soon  fired,  burn  vehemently  for  awhile,  yet  out  in  a  moment: 
so  are  all  such  matches  made  by  those  allurements  of  burning- 
lust  ;  wljere  there  is  no  respect  of  honesty,  parentage,  vertue, 
religion,  education,  and  the  like,  they  are  extinguished  in  an  in- 
stant,and  instead  of  love  comes  hate;  for  joy,  repentance  and 
desperation  it  self.  Franciscus  Bnrbarus  in  his  first  book  de  re 
uxorid,  c.  5.  hath  a  story  of  one  Philip  of  Padua  that  fell  in 
love  with  a  common  whore ;  and  was  now  ready  to  run  mad 
for  her  :  his  father  having  no  more  sons  let  him  enjoy  her; 
^  but  after  a  Jew  days,  the  yoiiy  man  began  to  loath,  could 
not  so  much  as  endure  the  sight  of  her,  andj'rom  one  madness 
fell  into  another.  Such  event  commoidy  have  all  these  lovers ; 
and  he  that  so  marries,  or  for  such  respects,  let  them  look  for 
no  better  success,  then  Menelaus  had  with  Helen  ;  A^ulcan  with 
Venus;  Theseus  with  Phaedra;  Minos  M'ith  Pasiphae ;  and 
Claudius  with  Messalina  ;  shame,  sorrow,  misery,  melancholy, 
discontent. 


»Lib.  3.  cap.  14.  Quis  nobiliiim  eo  tempore,  sibi  ant  filio  aut  nepoti  nxorem  acci- 
pere  cnpiens,  oblatam  sibi  aliqiiatn  propinquarutn  ejus  non  acriperit  obviis  manibus  ? 
qaarntn  ttirbam  acciverat  e  Nonnannia  in  Angliam  ejus  rei  gratia.  ''Alexander 

Gaguinus  Sarmat  Europ.  descripL  ^  Toui.  '.i.  Annal.  ^  Libido  statioi  de- 

ferbuit,  fastidiiim  coepit,  et  quod  in  ea  tantoper^,  adamavit  aspematar,  ct  ab  xgritadine 
iiberatuH  in  angoreni  incidit. 


Mem.  3.  Snh^.  4-]       Aitificud  ,!llnr^inei}f.i.  -257 


SUB8ECT.  IV. 

Importunity  and  opportunity  of  iimey  place,  conference^  dis' 
course,  singing,  dancing,  musick,  amorous  tales,  objects, 
kissing,  familiarity,  tokens, ptresents,  bribes,  promises,  prc- 
testations,  tears,  Sfc. 

All  these  allurements  hitherto  are  afar  off,  and  at  a  dis- 
tance; I  will  come  nearer  to  those  other  degrees  of  love ; 
which  are,  conference,  kissing',  dalliance,  discourse,  sing-ing-, 
dancing,  amorous  tales,  objects,  presents,  &c.  which  as  so 
many  Syrens  steal  away  the  hearts  of  men  and  women.  For  as 
Tatius  observes,  1.  2.  ^  It  is  no  sufficient  trial  of  a  maids 
affection  by  her  eyes  alone,  but  you  inicst  say  something  that 
shall  be  more  available,  and  use  such  other  forcible  engins  ; 
therefore  take  her  by  the  hand,  icring  her  fingers  hard,  and 
sigh  icilhall ;  if  she  accept  this  in  good  part,  and  seem  not  to 
he  much  averse,  then  call  her  mistris.  take  her  about  the 
neck  and  kiss  her,  tVc.  But  this  cannot  be  done  except  they 
first  get  opportunity  of  living,  or  coming  together ;  ingress, 
egress,  and  regress:  letters  and  commendations  may  do  much, 
outward  gestures  and  actions:  but  when  they  come  to  live  near 
one  another,  in  the  same  street,  village,  or  together  in  an  house, 
love  is  kindled  on  a  sudden.  Many  a  serving-man  by  reason  of 
this  opportunity  and  importunity,  inveagles  his  master's  daugh- 
ter; manyagallantlovesadowdy;  many  a  gentleman  runs  upon 
his  wifes  maids;  many  ladies  dote  upon  their  men,  as  the  queen 
in  Ariosto  did  upon  the  dwarf;  many  matches  are  so  made  in 
haste,  an('  they  compelled  as  it  were  by  ^necessity  so  to 
love,  which  had  they  been  free,  come  in  company  of  others, 
seen  that  variety  which  many  places  afford,  or  compared  them 
to  a  third,  Mould  never  have  looked  upon  one  another.  Or  had 
not  that  opportunity  of  discourse  and  familiarity  been  offered, 
they  would  have  loathed  and  contemned  those,  whom  for  want 
of  better  choice  and  other  objects,  they  are  fatally  driven  on; 
and  by  reason  of  their  hot  bloud,  idle  life,  full  diet,  &c.  are 
forced  to  dote  upon  them  that  come  next.  And  many  times 
those  which  at  the  first  sight  cannot  fancy  or  aff'ect  each  other, 
but  are  harsh  and  ready  to  disagree,  offended  with  each  others 

a  De  puellsB  voiuntate  pericnlum  facere  solis  oculis  non  est  satis,  sed  efficacius  ali- 
quid  agere  oportet,  ibique  etiam  inachinam  alteram  adhibere  :  itaque  inanua  taiige, 
digitos  constriDge,  atque  inter  stringenduiu  suspira ;  si  haec  agenteni  sequo  se  animo 
feret,  neque  facta  hujusmodi  aspernabitur,  turn  vero  domioam  appella,  ejusque  collum 
fiuaviare.  t"  IluU;;i7  doga  will  eat  dirty  puddings. 

VOL.  II.  S 


253  Love-Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

carriage,  like  Benedict  and  Beatrice  in  the  *comcedy;  and  in 
whom  they  finde  many  faults,  by  this  livint^  together  in  a 
house,  conference,  kissing-,  colling-,  and  such  like  allurements, 
begin  at  last  to  dote  insensibly  one  upon  another. 

It  was  the  greatest  motive  that  Fotiphars  wife  had  to  dote 
upon  Joseph;  and  ''Clitiphonupon  Leucippe  his  unkles  daugh- 
ter, because  the  plague  being  at  Bi/ance,  it  was  his  fortune  for 
a  time  to  sojourn  with  her,  to  sit  next  her  at  the  table,  as  he 
telleth  the  tale  himself  in  Tatius  lib.  2.  (which  though  it  be 
but  a  fiction,  is  grounded  on  good  observation,  and  doth  well 
express  the  passions  of  lovers;)  he  had  opportunity  to  take 
her  by  the  hand,  and  after  a  while  to  kiss,  and  handle  her 
paps,  &c.  "^  which  made  him  almost  mad.  Ismenius,  the  orator, 
makes  the  like  confession  to  Eustathius  lib.  1.  when  he  came 
first  to  Sosthenes'  house,  and  sat  at  table  with  Cratistes  his 
friend,  Ismene,  Sosthenes'  daughter,  waiting  on  them  with  her 
breasts  opeyi,  amis  half' bare. 

«J  Nuda  pedeni,  discincta  sinum,  spoliata  laccrtos, 

after  the  Greek  fashion  in  those  times, — ''vndo^  media  plus 
parte  lacertos,  (as  Daphne  Mas  when  she  fled  from  Phoebus) 
which  moved  him  much;  was  ever  ready  to  give  attendance  on 
him,  to  fill  him  drink  ;  her  eys  were  never  oft' him  ;  rof/abiindi 
oculiy  those  speaking  eys,  courting  eyes,  enchanting  eys ; 
but  she  was  still  smiling  on  him,  and  when  they  were  risen, 
that  she  had  gotten  a  little  opportunity,  ^ she  came  and  drank  to 
him,  and  withall  trod  upon  his  toes,  and  would  come  and  go, 
and  when  she  could  not  speak  for  the  company,  she  would 
wring  his  hand,  and  blush  when  she  met  him  :  and  by  this 
means  first  she  overcame  him  (bibens  umorem  hauriebam 
simul) ;  she  would  kiss  the  cup  and  drink  to  him,  and  smile, 
and  drink  where  he  drank  on  that  side  of  the  cup  ;  by  which 
mutual  compressions,  kissing,  wringing  of  hands,  treading  of 
feet,  &c.  ipsam  ynihi  videbar  sorbillare  virginem,  I  sipt,  and 
sipt,  and  sipt  so  long,  till  at  length,  I  was  drunk  in  love  upon 
a  sudden.  Philocharinus  sin  Arista?netus,  met  a  fair  main  by 
chance,  a  meer  stranger  to  him  ;  he  looked  back  at  her  ;  she 
looked  back  at  him  again,  and  smiled  withall. 

'"  lile  dies  lethi  primus,  primusque  malorum 
Causa  fuit 


»  Shakespeare.  ''Tatius  lib.  1.  f  In  mainmarum  attracfu,  non 

aspernanda  ine«t  jucunditas,  et  attrectatus,  &c.  •'IMautuan.  <'0\id.  1.  ]\Iet. 

f  Manus  ad  cubittiin  nuda,  coram  astans,  fortuis  intuita,  tenueni  de  pectore  spiritum 
ducena,  digitum  meura  pressit,  et  bibens  pedem  pressit ;  niiituae  conipressionea  cor- 
porum,  labionim  commixtiones,  pedam  connexiones,  &c.  Et  bibit  eodsm  loco,  &c. 
<  Epist.  4.    Kespexi,  respexit  et  ilU  subridens,  8:c.  h  Vir.  .^n.  4. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]         Artificial  Allurements.  S59' 

It  was  the  sole  cause  of  his  fartlier  acquaintance,  and  love 
that  undid  him. 

a  o  nuUis  tutum  credere  blandiiiis. 

This  opportunity  of  time  and  place,  with  their  circumstances, 
are  so  forcible  motives,  that  it  is  unpossible  almost  for  two 
young  folks,  equall  in  years,  to  live  together,  and  not  be  in 
love;  especial!  in  great  houses,  princes  courts,  where  they 
are  idle  in  summo  gradu,  fare  well,  live  at  ease,  and  cannot 
tell  otherwise  how  to  spend  their  time. 

''  lllic  Hippolitum  pone,  Priapus  erit. 

Achilles  was  sent  by  his  mother  Thetis,  to  the  island  of  Scyros 
in  the  ^gean  sea,  (where  Lycomedes  then  raigned)  in  his  non- 
age, to  be  brought  up ;  to  avoid  that  hard  destiny  of  the  Oracle 
(he  should  beslain  at  the  siege  of  Troy):  and  for  that  cause  was 
nurtured  in  Geneseo,  amongst  the  kings  chddren  in  a  womans 
habit;  but  see  the  event!  He  coinprest  Deidamia  the  kings 
fair  daughter,  and  had  a  fine  son  called  Pyrrhus,  by  her.  Peter 
Albelhardus,  the  philosopher,  as  he  tells  the  tale  himself,  being 
set  by  Fulbertus  her  unkle,to  teach  Helonissa  his  lovely  niece, 
and  to  that  purpose  sojourned  in  his  house,  and  had  committed 
agnam  tenellamj'anielico  hipo,  (I  use  his  own  words),  he  soon 
got  her  good  will,  plura  erant  oscula  qnam  sententi(s,  and  he 
read  more  of  love  then  any  other  lecture ;  such  pretty  feats  can 
opportunity  plea ;  primvm  domo  conjuncti,  inde  animis,  ^-c. 
But  when  as  I  say  7iox,  vinum,  et  adolescentia,  youth,  wine, 
and  night,  shall  concur,  nox  amoris  et  quietis  conscia,  'tis  a 
wonder  they  be  not  all  plunged  over  head  and  ears  in  love ;  for 
youth  is  benigna  in  amorem,  et  prona  materies,  a  very  com- 
bustible matter,  Naphthe  itself,  the  fuell  of  loves  fire,  and  most 
aptto  kindle  it.  If  there  be  seven  servants  in  an  ordinary  house, 
you  shall  have  three  couple  in  some  good  liking  at  least;  and 
amongst  idle  persons  how  should  it  be  otherwise?  Living  at 
''Rome,  saith  Aretines  Lucretia,  in  thejloicre  of  my  Jhrtmiest 
rich,  f air ^  yong,  and  so  well  brought  up,  my  conversation,  age^ 
beauty,  fortune,  made  all  the  world  admire  and  love  me. 
Night  alone,  that  one  occasion,  is  enough  to  set  all  on  fire  ;  and 
they  are  so  cunning  in  great  houses,  that  they  make  their  best 
advantage  of  it:  many  a  gentlewoman,  that  is  guilty  to  her 
self  of  her  imperfections,  paintings,  impostures,  will  not  will- 
ingly be  seen  by  day,  but  as  '^  Castilio  noteth,  in  the  night, 


a  Propertius.  •>  Ovid.  amor.  lib.  2.  eleg.  2.  <=  Romae  vivens  flore  fortune, 

et  opnientire  meae,  setas  forma,  gratia  comersationis,  maxiroe  me  fecerunt  expetibi- 
lem,&e.  -l  De  Aulic.  1.  1.  fol.  b.'?. 

%2 


'2()()  I.ove-Miliinvholii.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

dh'm  ut  (jlts  odit,  tcedarum  luc.em  super  omnia  mavulty  slie  liates 
the  day  like  a  dor-mouse,  and  above  all  things,  loves  torches 
and  candle-light;  and  if  she  must  come  abroad  in  the  day,she 
covets,  as  '  in  a  mercers  shop,  a  very  obfuscate  and  obscure 
sight.     And  good  reason  she  hath  for  it :  Node  latent  mendcSy 
and  many  an  amorous  gull  is  fetched  over  by  that  means. 
Gomesius  lib.  3.  de  sale  gen.  c.  22.  gives  instance  in  a  Flo- 
rentine gentleman,  that  was  so  deceived  with  a  wife  :  she  was 
so  radiently  set  out  with  rings,  and  jewels,  lawns,  scarfs,  laces, 
gold,  spangles,  and  gaudy  devices,  that  the  yong  man  took 
her  to  be  a  godtless  (for  he  never  saw  her  but  by  torchlight)  but 
after  the  wedding  solemnities,  when  as  he  viewed  her  the  next 
morning-  without  her  tires,  and  in  a  clear  day,  she  was  so  de- 
formed, lean,  yellow,  riveld,  &c.  such  a  beastly  creature  in  his 
eys,  that  ho  could  not  endure  to  look  upon  her.    Such  matches 
are  frequently  made  in  Italy,  where  they  have  no  other  oppor- 
tunity to  wooe  but  when  they  go  to  church;  or,  as  ''in  Turkic, 
see  them  at  a  distance,  they  must  interchange  i'ew  or  no  words, 
till  such  time  they  come  to  be  married  ;  and  then,  as  Sardus 
lib.  1.  cap.  3.   de  morib.  gent,  and  *^  Bohemus  relate  of  those 
old  Lacedemonians,   the  bride  is   brought  into  the  chamber, 
with  he)-  hair  girt  about  her :  the  bridegroom  comes  in,  and 
unties  the  knot,  and  must  not  see  her  at  all  by  day -light,  till 
such  time  as  he  is  made  a  father  by  her.  In  those  hotter  coun- 
tries these  are  ordinary  practices  at  this  day ;  but  in  our 
northern  parts  amongst  Germans,  Danes,  French,  and  Bri- 
taines,  the  continent  of  Scandia  and  the  rest,  we  assume  more 
liberty  in  such  cases ;  we  allow  them,   as  Bohemus  saith,  to 
kiss  coming  and  going,  et  modo  absit  lascivia,  in  cauponam 
ducere,  to  talk  merrily,  sport,  play,  sing,  and  dance,  so  that 
it    be    modestly   done;  go  to  the  alehouse  and  tavern  to- 
gether.    And  'tis  not  amiss,  ''though  Chrysostome,  Cyprian, 
llierome,    and   some  other  of    the   fathers    speak    bitterly 
against  it :  but  that  is  the  abuse  which  is  commonly  seen  at 
some  drunken  matches,  dissolute  meetings,  or  great  unruly 
feasts.      *  ^  young  pittivanted,    trim-bearded  J'ellow,   saith 
Hierome,  icill  come  with  a  company  oj'  complements,  and 
hold  you  up  by  the  arm  as  you  go,  and  wringing  your  Jingers, 
will  so  be  entised,  or  entise ;  one  drinks  to  you^  another  em- 


»  Ut  adulteriui  mercatonim  parDi.  •>  Busbeq.  epist.  «  Paranympha  in  cubi- 

cnluin  adducta  capilloH  ad  cutiiu  referebat ;  sponsus  inde  ad  earn  ingressus  cinpuluni 
solvebat,  nee  prius  sponsam  aspexit  interdiii  qaam  ei  ilia  factua  esset  pater.  <i  Serin, 
cout  concub.  «  Lib.  2.  epist.  ad  filiuin,  et  virginem  et  roatrein  viduam  epist.  10. 

Dabit  tibi  bnrbatiilns  qaispiam  njaDura,  sustentabit  lassarn,  et  pressis  digitis  ant  tenta- 
bitur  aiit  tentabit,  &c. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]       Artijicial  Allurements,  261 

braceth,  a  third  kisseth,  and  all  this  while  the  Jidler  plays 
or  sings  a  lascivious  song  ;  a  fourth  singles  you  out  to  dance^ 
^  one  speaks  by  becks  and  signs,  and  that  which  he  dares  not 
say,  signifies  by  passions  ;  amongst  so  many  and  so  great  provo- 
cations of  pleasure,  lust  conquers  the  most  hard  and  crabbed 
minds  ;  and  scarce  can  a  man  live  honest  amongst  feasting  s  and 
sports,  or  at  such  great  meetings.  For  as  lie  goes  on  *"  she 
walks  along,  and  with  the  ruffling  of  her  clothes,  makes  men  look 
at  her  ;  her  shooes  creek,  her  paps  tied  up,  her  waste  pulled  in  to 
make  her  look  small,  she  is  straight  girded,  her  hair  hangs  loose 
about  her  ears,  her  upper  garment  sometimes  falls,  and  some- 
times tarries,  to  shew  her  naked  shoulders ;  and  as  if  she  would 
not  be  seen,  she  covers  that  in  all  haste,  which  voluntarily  she 
shewed.  And  not  at  feasts,  playes,  pageants,  and  such  assem- 
blies, *=but  as  Chrysostome  objects,  these  tricks  are  put  in 
practice  at  service  time  in  churches,  aiid  at  the  communion 
itself.  If  such  dumb  shews,  signs,  and  more  obscure  signifi- 
cations of  love  can  so  move,  what  shall  they  do  that  have 
full  liberty  to  sing,  dance,  kiss,  coll,  to  use  all  manner  of  dis- 
course and  dalliance !  What  shall  he  do  that  is  beleagred  of 
all  sides? 

^ Quern  tot,  tarn  rosse  petunt  puellese. 
Quern  cultee  cupiunt  nurus,  amorque 
Omnis  undique  et  undecunque  et  usque, 
Omnis  ambit  Amor,  Venusque,  Hymenque: 

After  whom  so  many  rosie  maids  enquire. 
Whom  dainty  dames  and  loving  wights  desire, 
In  every  place,  still,  and  at  all  times  sue, 
Whom  gods  and  gentle  goddesses  do  wooe  ; 

How  shall  he  contain?  The  very  tone  of  some  of  their  voices, 
a  pretty  pleasing  speech  ;  an  affected  tone  they  use,  is  able  of 
it  self  to  captivate  a  yong  man  ;  but  when  a  good  wit  shall 
concur,  art  and  eloquence,  fascinating  speech,  pleasant  dis- 
course, sweet  gestures,  the  Syrens  themselves  cannot  so  en- 
chant. ^P.  .Jovius  commends  his  Italian  country-women,  to 
have  an  excellent  faculty  in  this  kinde,  above  all  other  nations; 
and  amongst  them,  the  Florentine  ladies:  some  prefer  Roman 


*  Loquetur  alius  nntibus,  et  quicqiiid  metuit  dicere.signiScabit  affectibas.  Inter  has 
tantas  voluptatnm  illecebras  etiam  ferreas  mentes  libido  domat.  Difficile  inter  epiilas 
servatnr  pudicitia.  b  Clamore  vestiura  ad  se  juvenes  vocat ;  capilli  fasciolis 

eomprimuntnr  crispati,  cingnlo  pectus  arctatur,  capilli  vel  in  frontem,  vel  in  anres  de- 
flaunt:  palliolum  interdnm  cadit  iit  nudet  humeros,  et  quasi  videri  noluerit,  festinans 
oelat,  quod  volens  detexerit.  ■■  Serm.  cont  concnb.     In  sancto  et  reverendo 

sacramfTitorani  tempore  mnltas  orcasiones,  ut  illis  placeant  qui  eas  vident,  prjebent. 
i  Pont.  Baia.  1.  1.  «  Descr.  Brit. 


262  Love-Melanchoh/.         [Pari.  3.  Soc.  2. 

ami  Vcnetiaiicurtf'sans,tliey  have  such  pleasing  tongues,  ami 
such  ^eleg-ancy  of  speech,  that  they  are  able  to  overcome  a 
saint. 

Pro  facie  multis  vox  sua  lena  fiiit. 

Tantd  gratia  vocufamam  concUkihat,  saith  Petronius ''in  liis 
fragment  of  pure  impurities,  I  mean  his  Satyricon;  tam  dulcis 
sonus  permulcebat  aera,  utputures  inter  aurns  cant  are  Sijrenum 
concordiam ;  she  sang  so  sweetly  that  she  charmed  the  ayr,aml 
thou  woultlst  have  thought  thou  hadst  heard  a  concert  of  Syrens. 
O  ffood  God,  2rhen  Lais  speaks,  how  sweet  it  is!  Philocolus 
exclaims  in  Aristaenetus,  To  hear  a  fair  yong  gentlewoman 
play  upon  the  virginals,  lute,  vial,  and  sing  to  it,  which  as 
Gellius  observes,  lib.  1.  cap.  11.  are  lascivientiam  delicicc,  the 
chief  delighte  of  lovers,  must  needs  be  a  great  entisement. 
Parthenis  was  so  taken. 

Ml  vox  ista  avid&  haurit  ab  aure  animam : 

O  sister  Harpedona  (she  laments)  I  am  undone, ''  how  sweethj 
he  sings  !  I'll  speak  a  hold  word,  he  is  the  properest  man 
that  ever  I  saio  in  my  life  :  O  hoic  sweetly  he  sifigs  !  I  dye  for 
his  sake:  O  that  he  w'ould  love  me  again  !  If  thou  didst  but 
hear  her  sing,  saith  ^  Lucian,  thou  wouldst  forget  father  and 
mother y  forsake  allthyfriends,andfolloiv  her.  Helena  is  highly 
commended  by  *  Theocritus  the  poet  for  her  sweet  voice  and 
musick  :  none  could  play  so  well  as  she,  and  Daphnis  in  the 
same  Idyllion, 

Quam  tibi  os  dulce  est,  et  vox  amabilis,  6  Daphni ! 
Jucundius  est  audire  te  canentem,  quam  mel  bngere. 

How  sweet  a  face  hath  Daphne,  how  lovely  a  voice ! 
Hony  it  self  is  not  so  pleasant  in  my  choice. 

A  sweet  voice  and  musick  are  powerful  entisers.  Those  Saraian 
singing  wenches,  Aristonica,  Onanthc  and  Agathocleia,  rf'fjrm 
diadematibus  insulfdrunt,  insulted  over  kings  themselves,  as 
•^  Plutarch  contends. 

Centum  luminibus  cinctum  caput  Argus  habebat, 

Argus  had  an  hundred  eys,  all  so  charmed  by  one  silly  pipe, 


»Res  est  blanda  canon  disctint  cantare  piipllx   pro  facip,  8cc.     OviH.  3.   do  arf. 
amandi.  b  Epist.  I.  1.  Cum  loquitur  Lais,  quanta,  O  Dii  boni,  vocis  ejus  dul- 

cpdol  <^  Aristipnetus  lib.  2.  epist.  5      Quam  suave  canit !  verbuni  audax 

dixi,  omnium  quis  vidi  formosissimus,  ntinam  amare  ni?  dipnetur!  ''  Ima- 

pinps.si  caotantera  audieris,  ifa  dpmnlceberp,  ut  parrntum  etpatn?^  statiro  oblivisrarii. 
« Idyl.  13.    Neque  sane  ulla  sic  citharam  pulsare  no\it.  f  Amatoiio  Dialogo. 


Mem.  3.  Sabs.  4.]         Artificial  Allurements.  263 

that  he  lost  his  head.  Clitiphon  complains  in  ^Tatius  ofLeu- 
cippiis  sweet  tones;  he  heard  her  play  by  chance  upon  thelute^ 
and  sing-  a  pretty  song'  to  it,  i«  commendation  of  a  rose,  out  of 
old  Anacreon,  belike ; 

Rosa  honor  decusque  florum, 
Rosa  flos  odorque  Divilm, 
Hominum  rosa  est  voluptas, 
Decus  ilia  Gratiarum, 
Floiente  amoris  hora, 
Rosa  suavium  Diones,  «&c. 

Rose  the  fairest  of  all  flowers, 
Rose  delight  of  higher  power, 
Rose  the  joy  of  mortal  men. 
Rose  the  pleasure  of  fine  women, 
Rose  the  Graces  ornament, 
Rose  Diones  sweet  content. 

To  this  effect  the  lovely  virg-ia  with  a  melodious  ayr  upon  her 
golden  wired  harp  or  lute,  I  know  not  well  whether,  plaid 
and  sang,  and  that  transported  him  beyond  himself,  and  that 
ravished  his  heart.  It  was  Jasons  discourse  as  much  as  his 
beauty,  or  any  other  of  his  good  parts,  which  delighted  Medea 
so  much. 


Delectabatur  enim 


Animus  simul  forma  dulcibusque  verbis. 

It  was  Cleopatras  sweet  voice,  and  pleasant  speech  which  in- 
veagled  Anthony,  above  the  rest  of  her  entisements. 

Verba  ligant  hominem,  ut  taurorum  cornua  funes, 

as  bulls  horns  are  bound  with  ropes,  so  are  mens  hearts  with 
pleasant  words.  Herwordsburnasfire,Eccles.9.S.  Roxolana 
bewitched  Solyman  the  magnificent ;  and  Shores  wife  by  this 
engine  overcame  Edward  the  fourth  ; 

<=  Omnibus  una  omnes  surripuit  Veneres. 

The  wife  of  Bath  in  Chaucer  confesseth  all  this  out  of  her  ex- 
perience. 

^omt  folk  Utiivc  ui  for  viribtS, 
^omc  for  iSJbape,  Some  for  fairness, 
Bomt  for  tjbat  iU  fan  iin^  or  Bance, 
Bomt  for  (jtntXenrsiiS,  or  for  tralliantf. 


a  Puellam  cithara  caueutem  vidimus.  »>  Apollonius.  Argonaut  I.  3. 

Catullus 


264  Love-Melanchohj.  [Fart.  5.  Sec.  2. 

"Peter  Aretines  Lucretia  tellotli  as  much  and  more  of  her  self; 
I countorj'eitedhonest}! ,  as  ij' I  had  been  virgo  virginissima,  more 
the7i  a  vestal  virf/in  ;  I  looked  like  a  wife,  I  teas  so  demure  and 
chaste^  I  did  add  such  r/estures,  tunes,  speeches,  sif/ns  and  mo- 
tiotis  upon  all  occasions,  that  mj/  spectators  and  auditors  were 
stupified,  enchanted,  fastned  all  to  their  places^  like  so  many 
stocks  and  stones.  Many  silly  gentlewomen  are  fetched  over 
in  like  sort,  by  a  company  of  guls  and  swaggering  companions, 
that  frequently  bely  noblemens  favours;  riming  Coribantiasmi, 
Thrasonean  Rhadomantes  or  Bombomachides,  that  have  no- 
thing in  them  but  a  few  players  ends  and  complements;  vain 
braggadocians,  impudent  intruders,  that  can  discourse  at  table 
of  knights  and  lords  combats,  like  ^'Lucians  Leontiscus,  of 
other  mens  travels,  brave  adventures,  and  such  commontrivial 
news;  ride,  dance,  sing  old  ballet  tunes,  and  wear  their  clothes 
in  fashion,  with  a  good  grace ;  a  fine  sweet  gentleman,  a  proper 
man,  who  could  not  love  him!  She  will  have  him  though  all 
her  friends  say  no,  though  she  beg  with  him.  Some  again  are 
incensed  by  reading  amorous  toyes,  Amadis  de  Gaul,  Palmerin 
de  Oliva,  the  Knight  of  the  Sun,  &c.  or  hearing  such  tales  of 
*^  lovers,  descriptions  of  their  persons,  lascivious  discourses,such 
as  Astyanassa,  Helenas  waiting  woman,  by  the  report  of 
Suidas,  writ  of  old,  devariis  concuhitus  modis ;  and  after  her, 
Philenis  and  Elephantine  ;  or  those  light  tracts  of ''Aristides 
Milesius  (mentioned  by  Plutarch)  and  found  by  the  Persians, 
in  Crassus  army,  amongst  the  spoilers;  Aretines  Dialogues, 
with  ditties,  love  songs,  &c.  must  needs  set  them  on  fire,  with 
such  like  pictures,  as  those  of  Aretine,  or  w  anton  objects  in 
what  kind  soever:  no  stronrfer  engine  then  to  hear  or  read  of 
love  toyes,  fables  and  discourses  («^one  saith)  and  many  by  this 
means  are  fptite  mad.  At  Abdera  in  Thrace  (Andromeda  one 
of  Euripides  tragedies  being  played)  the  spectators  were  so 
much  moved  with  the  object,  and  those  pathetical  love  speeches 
of  Perseus,  amongst  therest,  O  Cupid.  Prince  of'Godsandmeji, 
^'C.  that  every  man,  almost,  a  good  while  after  spake  pure 
iarabicks,  and  raved  still  on  Perseus  speech,  O  Cnpid,  Prince 
of  Gods  and  men.  As  car-men,  boyes  and  prentises,  when 
a  new  song  is  published  with  us,  go  singing  that  new  tune  still 
in  the  streets;  they  continually  acted  that  tragical  part  of  Per- 
seus, and  in  every  mans  mouth  wa/»  O  Cupid;  in  every  street, 


*Pornodiclascalo<lial.  Ital.  LaL  iitlerii.  Jasper.  Barthio  Oerm.  Fingebam  bonesta- 
templusquam  Virginia  Vestalis  ;  intiiebaroculis  nxoris,  addebam  gestiis,  &c.  '"Tom. 
4.  dial,  merit  <•  Amatorius  serino  vehemens  vehementis  cnpiditatis  incitatio  est, 

Tatins  I.  1.  <>  Pe  Inxuria  et  deliciiscompositi.  «  .-Eneas  Silvias.     Nnlla 

oaachina  validior  qiiam  lectio  lascivap  historiw;  saepe  etiam  hujnsinodi  fabulis  ad  furo- 
reuj  incenduntor. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]     Artificial  Allurements.  265 

O  Cupid;  in  every  house  almost,  O  Cupid,  Prince  of  Gods  and 
men;  pronouncing  still  like  stage-players,  O  Cupid:  they  were 
so  possessed  all  with  that  rapture,  and  thought  of  that  pathe- 
tical  love  speech,  they  could  not  a  long  time  after  forget,  or 
drive  it  out  of  their  minds,  but  O  Cupid,  Prince  of  Gods  and 
men,  was  ever  in  their  mouths.  This  (belike)  made  Aristotle, 
Polit.  lib.  7.  cap.  18.  forbid  yong  men  to  see  comosdies,  or  to 
hear  amorous  tales. 

*  Hsec  igitur  juvenes  nequam  facilesque  puellae 
Inspiciant 

let  not  yong  folks  meddle  at  all  with  such  matters.  And  this 
made  the  Romans,  as  b  Vitruvius  relates,  put  Venus  temple  in 
the  suburbs,  extra  miirum,  ne  adolescentes  venereis  insuescanty 
to  avoid  all  occasions  and  objects.  For  what  will  not  such  an 
object  do?  Ismenius  as  he  walked  in  Sosthenes  garden,  being 
now  in  love,  when  he  saw  so  "  many  lascivious  pictures,  Thetis 
marriage,  and  I  know  not  what,  was  almost  beside  himself. 
And  to  say  truth,  with  a  lascivious  object  who  is  not  moved,  to 
see  others  dally,  kiss,  dance  ?  And  much  more  when  he  shall 
come  to  be  an  actor  himself. 

To  kiss  and  to  be  kissed,  which  amongst  other  lascivious 
provocations,  is  as  a  burden  in  a  song,  and  a  most  forcible  bat- 
tery, as  infectious,  '^Xenophon  thinks,  as  the  poyson  of  a  spi- 
der; a  great  allurement;  a  fire  it  self;  proocmium  aut  an- 
ticcenium,  the  prologue  of  burning  lust  (as  Apuieius  adds) 
lust  it  self; 

«=  Venus  quinta  parte  sui  nectaris  imbuit. 

A  strong  assault,  that  conquers  captains,  and  those  all  com- 
manding forces, 

f  Domasque  ferro  sed  domaris  osculo. 

s  Aretines  Lucretia,  when  she  would  in  kindness  overcome  a 
suiter  of  hers,  and  have  her  desire  of  him,  took  him  about  the 
neck,  and  kissed  him  again  and  again ;  and  to  that  which  she 
could  not  otherwise  effect,  she  made  him  so  speedily  and  will- 
ingly condescend.     And  'tis  a  continual  assault, 

''hoc  non  deficit  incipitque  semper, 


» Martial.  1.  4.  ^Lib.  1.  c.  7.  <=  Eustathins  1.  1.    Pictiirae  parant  animiitn 

ad  Venerem,  &c.  Horatins  ad  res  venereas  intemperantior  traditar;  nam  cubiculo 
8U0  sic  specula  dicitnr  habaisse  disposita,  ut  quocnnqne  respexisset  imaginem  coitus 
referrent.     Suetonius  vit.  ejus.  d  Oscnlum  nt  phylangium  inficiL  •  Hor. 

^Heinsins.  s  Applico  me  illi  proximius  et  spissedeosculata  sagtim  pete  hpc. 

tronins  catalect. 


-G6  Love-Melancholy.  ^  [Vixvt.  o.  Sec.  2. 

always  fresh,  and  ready  to ''begin  as  at  first;  basium  nulla 
fine  tenninaiur,  sed  semper  recens  est,  and  hath  a  fiery  toucli 
with  it. 

'-Tenta  niodo  tangcre  corpus, 

Jam  tua  mellifluo  membra  calore  fluent. 

Especiallywhen  they  shall  belasciviously  given, as  he  feolinjrly 
said/e<  me  pressulum  deosculataj'otis,  catenatis  lacertis,'^  ob- 
torto  valfjiter  labello. 

*  Valgis  suaviis, 
Dum  semiulco  suavio 
Meam  puellam  suavior, 
Anima  tunc  segra  et  saucia 
Concurrit  ad  labia  mihi. 

The  soul  and  all  is  moved  ;  ^  Jam  phiribns  osculis  labra  ere- 
pitabant,  atiiniarum  quoque  mixturam  J'acientes,  inter  mutuos 
complexus  animas  anhelantes  : 

B  Haesimus  calentes, 
Et  transfudimus  bine  et  hinc  labellis 
Errantes  animas,  valete  curse. 

They  breath  out  their  souls  and  spirits  tog^ether  with  their 
kisses,  saith  ^  Balthazar  Castilio  ;  change  hearts  and  spirits^ 
and  mingle  affections  as  they  do  kisses  ;  and  it  is  rather  a  con- 
nexion of  the  minde  then  of  the  body.  And  although  these 
kisses  be  delightsome  and  pleasant,  ambrosian  kisses, 

•  Suaviolum  dulci  dulcius  ambrosia, 

such  as  ^  Gauymedes  gave  Jupiter,  JVectare  suavius,  sweeter 
then  '  nectar,  balsome,  hony,  '^^Oscnlamerumamorenistillantiaf 
Love  dropping  kisses ;  for 

The  gilliflower,  the  rose  is  not  so  sweet, 
As  sugred  kisses  be,  when  lovers  meet. 

Yet  they  leave  an  irksome  impression, like  thatof  aloes  or  gaul; 

"  Ut  mt  ex  ambrosia  mu latum  jam  foret  illud 
Suaviolum  tristi  tristius  hellebore. 


*  Catullus  ad  Lesbiam.     Da  mihi  basia  niille,  deinde  centum,  &.c.  ''  Petronius. 

•^  Apuleinsl.  10.  et  Catalect.  <•  petronius.  eApnleius.  'Petronius 

Proseleos  ad.Circen.  p  Petronius.  '' Animus  ronjnngitur,  etspiritus  etiam 

noster  per  osculum  cfflait;  altematim  se  in  utriusque  corjius  infundentes  commiscent; 
anima?  potius  fjuam  corporis  ronnexio,  'Catullus.  ^  l^ucian.  Tom.  4. 

'  Non  dat  basia,  dat  Nera  nectar,  dat  rores  anirox  suavcolentes,  dat  nardum,  thymumque 
cinnawumque  et  mel,  &c.    Secundus  has.  4.  "'  Eustathius  lib.  4.  "Catullus. 


jNIeiii.  3.  Subs.  4.]       Artificial  Allurements.  2G7 

At  first  ambrose  itself  was  not  sweeter. 
At  last  black  hellebor  was  not  so  bitter. 

They  are  deceitful  kisses  : 

*  Quid  me  mollibus  implicas  lacertis  ? 
Quid  fallacibus  osculis  inescas  ?  &c. 
Why  dost  within  thine  arms  me  lap, 
And  with  false  kisses  me  intrap  ? 

They  are  destructive,  and  the  more  the  worse  : 

''  Et  quse  me  perdunt,  oscula  mille  dabat ; 

They  are  the  bane  of  these  miserable  lovers.  There  be  honest 
kisses,  1  deny  not;  oscuhimcharitatis,  friemWy  kisses,  modest 
kisses,  vestall-virg'in  kisses,  officious  and  ceremonial  kisses,  &Ct 
Osculi  sensns,  brachiorum  amplexus,  kissing-  and  embracino- 
are  proper  gifts  of  nature  to  a  man  :  but  these  are  too  lasci- 
vious kisses, 

•=  Implicuitque  suos  circum  mea  colla  lacertos,  &c. 

too  continuate,  and  too  violent,  "^  Brachia  non  hedercc,  non 
vincunt  oscula  corichcB  ;  they  cling  like  ivy:  close  as  an  oyster; 
bill  as  doves  ;  meretricious  kisses,  biting  of  lips,  cum  addita- 
mento;  tain  impresso  ore  (saith^Lucian)  ut  vix  labia  detrahant, 
inter  deosculanduni  mordicantes,  turn  et  os  aperientes  quoque  et 
mammas  attrectantes,  ^-c.  such  kisses  as  she  gave  to  Gyton, 
innumera  oscula  dedit  non  repuc/nantipuerOy  cervicem  invadens, 
innumerable  kisses,  &c.  More  then  kisses,  or  too  homely 
kisses :  as  those  that  *he  spake  of,  Accepturus  ab  ipsa  Venere  7 
suavia,  ^-c.  with  such  other  obscenities,  that  vain  lovers  use, 
which  are  abominable  and  pernicious.  If,  asPeterde  Ledesmo 
cas.  cons,  holds,  every  kiss  a  man  gives  his  >vife  after  marriage, 
be  mortale  peccatum,  a  mortal  sin ;  or  that  of  §  Hierome, 
Adulter  est  quisqnis  in  uxorem  suam  ardentior  est  amator,  or 
that  of  Thomas  Secund.  Secund.  qucest.  154.  artic.  4.  con- 
iactns  et  osculum  sit  mortale  peccatum;  or  that  of  Durand. 
Rational,  lib.  1.  cap.  10.  abstinere  debent  conjurfesa  complexu, 
toto  tempore  quo  solennitas  nuptiarnm  interdicitur,  what  shall 
become  of  all  such  ^  immodest  kisses  and  obscene  actions,  the 
fore-runners  of  brutish  lust,  if  not  lust  itself?      What  shall 


3  Buchanan.  hOvid.  art.  am.  Eleg.  18  '^Ovid.  'iCiitn  capita 

liment  solitis  morsinncnlis,  et  cum  maniniillarura  pressiunculis.  Lip.  od.  ant.  lee. 
lib.  3.  eTum.  4.  dial,  nieretr.  f  Apaleins  Miles.  6.     Et  unum  blandientis 

lipgufe  admul.suni  longe  meilitum :  etposflib.il.  Arctiiis  earn  complexiis  cwpi  sua- 
viari  jamque  pariter  patentis  oris  iohalitii  ciuuameo  etoccnrsantislingiice  illisunectareo, 
&c.  sLib.  1.  advers.  Jovin.  cap.  30.  h  Oscula  qui  sunipsit,  si  nouet  ca;tera 

sumpsit,  &c. 


u 


2f)8  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

become  of  them,  that  often  abuse  theirown  wives  ?  But  what 
have  I  to  do  with  this  ? 

That  wliicli  I  aim  at,  is  to  sliew  you  the  progress  of  this 
l)urning  lust  :  to  epitomize  therefore  all  this  which  1  have  hi- 
therto said,  with  a  familiarexample  out  of  that  eleg-ant  Musaeus; 
observe  but  with  me  those  amorous  proceedings  of  Leander 
and  Hero  :  they  began  first  to  look  one  on  the  other  with  a 
lascivious  look ; 

Oblique  intuens  inde  nutibus, 

Nutibus  niutis  inducens  in  errorem  mentera  puellae 
Et  ilia  e  contra  nutibus  mutuis,  juvenis 
Leandri  quod  amorem  non  renuit,  &c.  I/ide 

Adibat  in  tenebris  tacite  quidem  stringens 
Roseos  puellse  digitos,  ex  imo  suspirabat 

Vehementer Inde 

Virginis  autem  bene  olens  collum  osculatus, 
Tale  verbum  ait  amoris  ictus  stimulo, 
Preces  audi  et  amoris  miserere  mei,  &c. 
Sic  fatus  recusantis  persuasit  mentem  puellae, 

With  becks  and  nods  he  first  began, 

To  try  the  wenche's  mind, 
With  becks  and  nods  and  smiles  again 

An  answer  he  did  find. 
And  in  the  dark  he  took  her  by  the  hand, 
And  wrung  it  hard,  and  sighed  grievously, 
And  kiss'd  her  too,  and  woo'd  her  as  he  might. 
With,  pitty  me,  sweet  heart,  or  else  I  die  : 
And  with  such  words  and  gestures  as  there  past. 
He  won  his  mistress  favour  at  the  last. 

The  same  proceedings  is  elegantly  described  by  Apollonius  in 
his  Argonauticks,  betwixt  Jason  and  Medea;  by  Eustathius, 
in  the  ten  booksof  thelovesof  Ismeniusandlsmene  ;  Achilles 
Tatius,  betwixt  his  Clitiphon  and  Leucippe;  Chaucers  neat 
poeme  of  Troilus  and  Cresseide;  and  in  that  notable  tale  in 
Petronius,  of  a  souldier  and  a  gentlewoman  of  Ephesus,  that 
was  so  famous  all  over  Asia  for  her  chastity,  and  that  mourned 
for  her  husband  :  the  souklier  wooed  her  with  such  rhetorick 
as  lovers  used  to  do, — plackone  ethim  pitgnabis  amori  ?  6cr. 
at  ]nfit.fr(n>f/i  pertinaciam  passa  rsf,  he  got  her  good  will, 
f^-»v*^  not  only  to  satisfie  his  lust,  ''but  to  hang  her  dead  husbands 
body  on  the  cross  which  he  watched,  in  stead  of  thethiefsthat 
was  newly  stoln  away,  Mhilest  he  woo'd  her  in  her  cabin. 
These  are  tales,  you  will  say  :  but  they  have  most  significant 
morals,  and  do  well  express  those  ordinary  proceedings  of 
doting  lovers. 

»Corpui  pkcoil  mariti  sni  tolli  ex  area,  atqiie  illi  qtiw  vacabat  criici  adfigi.    ."^ 


r^jVAf 


xMeiii.  3.  Subs.  4.]       Arl'ijicial  Allurements.  269 

Many  such  allurements  there  are,  nods,  jests,  winks,  smiles, 
wrastlings,  tokens,  favours,  symbols,  letters,  valentines,  &c. 
For  which  cause,  belike,  Godfridus  lib.  2.  de  amor,  would  not 
have  women  learn  to  write.  Many  such  provocations  are 
used  when  they  come  in  presence,  *  they  will  and  will  not. 

Malo  me  Galatea  petit  lasciva  puella, 
Etfugitad  salices,  et  se  cupit  ante  videri. 

My  mistress  with  an  apple  wooes  me. 

And  hastily  to  covert  goes 
To  hide  her  self,  but  would  be  seen 

With  all  her  heart  before,  God  knows. 

Hero  so  tripped  away  from  Leander  as  one  displeased  ; 

b  Yet  as  she  went,  full  often  lookt  behind. 
And  many  poor  excuses  did  she  finde 
'  To  linger  by  the  way, 

but  if  he  chance  to  overtake  her,  she  is  most  averse,  nice  and 
coy, 

Denegat  et  pugnat,  sed  vult  super  omnia  vinci. 

She  seems  not  won,  but  won  she  is  at  length, 
In  such  wars  women  use  but  half  their  strength. 

Sometimes  they  lye  open,  and  are  most  tractable  and  coming*, 
apt,  yielding  and  willing  to  embrace,  to  take  a  green  gown, 
with  that  shepardess  in  Theocritus,  Idyl.  2^.  to  let  their  coats, 
&c.  to  play  and  dally,  at  such  seasons,  and  to  some,  as  they 
spy  their  advantage  ;  and  then  coy,  close  again,  so  nice,  so 
surly,  so  demure,  you  had  much  better  tame  a  colt,  catch  or 
ride  a  wild  horse,  then  get  her  favour,  or  win  her  love  ;  not  a 
look,  not  a  smile,  not  a  kiss  for  a  kingdome.  "^  Aretines  Lu- 
cretia  was  an  excellent  artisan  in  this  kinde,  as  she  tellsherown 
tale;  Though  I  was  by  nature  and  art  most  beautijul  and  fair  ^ 
yet  by  these  tricks  J  seem'd  to  be  far  more  amiable  then  I  was: 
for  that  which  men  earnestly  seek  and  cannot  attain,  draws 
on  their  ajfection  with  a  most  furious  desire.  I  had  a  suitor 
lov'd  me  dearly  (saidshe)  and  the  ''more  hegaveme,  the  more 
eagerly  he  wooed  me,  the  more  I  seem'd  to  neglect,  to  scorn 


*  Nov!  ingenium  mulierum,  iiolunt  ubi  velis,  ubi  nolis  cupiunt  ultro.      Ter.  Eunuc. 
act.  4.  sc.  7.  ^  Marlow.  <=  Pornodidascalo  cJial.  Ital.  Latin, 

donat.  a  Gasp.  Barthio  Genuauo.  Quanquam  natura  et  arte  erani  formosissima,  isto 
tamen  astu  tanto  speciosior  videbar,  quod  enim  oculis  cupitum  aegras  prsbetur,  multo 
magis  affectus  humanos  incendit.  «•  Quo  majoribua  me  donis  propitiabat,  eo 

pejoribus  ilium  modis  tractabam,  ne  basium  impetravit,  &c. 


2/0  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

him;  and  (which  I  commonly  gave  others)  I  wouhl  not  let  him 
see  me,  converse  with  me,  no  not  have  a  kiss.  To  gull  him 
the  more,  and  fetch  him  over  (for  him  onely  I  aimed  m)  I  per- 
sonated my  own  servant,  to  bring  in  a  present  from  a  Spanish 
count,  whilst  he  was  in  my  company,  as  if  he  had  been  the 
counts  servant;  which  he  did  excellently  well  perform;  ^  Comes 
de  montc  Turco,  my  lord  and  mnater  hath  sent  your  lordship  a 
Sinn  1 1  present,  and  part  of  his  Imyiting,  a  piece  ofvenisoUy  a 
pheasant,  a  few  partridges,  Si-c.  (all  ichick  she  bought  with 
her  own  mony)  commends  his  love  and  service  to  you,  desirinq 
you  to  accept  of  it  in  good  part,  and  he  means  very  shortly  to 
come  and  see  you.  Withall  she  shewed  him  rings,  gloves, 
scarfs,  coronets  which  others  had  sent  her,  when  there  was  no 
such  matter,  but  onely  to  circumvent  him.  ''By  these  means 
(as  she  concludes)  /  made  the  poor  gentleman  so  mad,  that  he 
was  ready  to  spend  himself,  and  venture  his  dearest  blond  for 
my  sake.  Philinna  in  "  Lucian,  practised  all  this  long  before, 
as  it  shall  appear  unto  you  by  her  discourse;  for  when  Diphi- 
lus  her  sweet-heart  came  to  see  her  (as  his  daily  custome  was) 
she  frow  ned  upon  him,  would  not  vouchsafe  him  her  company, 
but  kissed  Lamprias  his  corrivall,  at  the  same  time  '  before 
his  face:  but  why  w^as  it  ?  To  make  him  (as  she  telleth  her 
mother  that  chid  her  for  it)  more  jealous ;  to  whetten  his 
love ;  to  come  with  a  greater  appetite  ;  and  to  know  that  her 
favour  was  not  so  easie  to  be  had.  Many  other  tricks  she 
used  beside  this  (as  she  there  confesseth)  for  she  would  fall 
out  with,  and  anger  him  of  set  purpose,  pick  quarrels  upon  no 
occasion,  because  she  would  be  reconciled  to  him  a^aiu. 
Amantium  irce  amoris  redintegratio,  as  the  old  saying  is  ^  the 
fiilling  out  of  lovers  is  the  renewing  of  love;  and  according  to 
that  of  Arktxnetus,  jucundiores  amorum  post  injurias  delicice, 
love  is  increased  by  injuries,  as  the  sun  beams  are  more  gra- 
tious  after  a  cloud.  And  surely  this  aphorism  is  most  true  ; 
for  as  Ampelis  informs  Crisis  in  the  said  Lucian,  '^  If  a  lover 
he  not  jealous,  angry,  waspish,  apt  to  fall  out, sigh  and  swear, 
he  is  no  true  lover.  To  kiiss  and  coll,  hang  about  her  neck, 
protest,  swear  and  wish,  are  but  ordinary  symptomes,  incipi- 
e}itis  adhuc  et  crescentis  amoris  signa  :  but  if  he  be  jealous. 


3  Comes  de  monte  Turco  Hispaniis  has  de  venatione  sua  partes  misit^  jussitque  per- 
anianter  orarc,  ut  hoc  qualecunqiie  donuni  sue  noniine  accipias.  ''His  artibiis 

hominein  ita  excantabaui,  ut  pro  me  ille  ad  omnia  paratus,  &cc.  •"Tom.  4.  dial, 

meret.  •*  Relicto  illo,  a;gre  i{)si  interim  faciens,  et  omnino  difficilis. 

*  Si  qiiis  enim  nee  zelotypus  irascitur,  nee  pugnat  aliquamlo  amator.  uec  perjiirat,  non 
est  habendus  amator,  &c.  Totus  hie  ignis  zelotypia  constat,  &c.  .Maximi  amores 
inde  nascuutur.  Sed  si  persuasutn  illi  fuerit  te  solum  habere,  elau^uebcit  illico  aiuor 
auus. 


]\rein.  3.  Subs.  4.  j         Artijicial  Allurements.  271 

anoTy,  apt  to  mistake,  &c.  bene  speres  licet^  sweet  sister  lie 
is  thine  own  ;  yet  if  you  let  him  alone,  humour  him,   please 
him,  &c.  and  that  he  perceive  once  he  hath  you  sure,  without 
any  corrivall,  his  love  will  languish,  and  he  will  not  care  so 
much  for  you.     Hitherto  (saith  he)  can  I  speak  out  of  expe- 
rience ;  Demophantus,  a  rich  fellow,  was  a  suiter  of  mine  ;  I 
seem'd  to  neglect  him,  and  gave  better  entertainment  to  Cal- 
liades  the  painter,  before  his  face  ;  principio  abiit,  verbis  me 
hisectatus,  at  first  he  went  his  way  all  in  a  chafe,  cursing  and 
swearing,  but  at  last  he  came  submitting  himself,  vowing  and 
protesting  that  he  loved  me  most  dearly,  I  should  have  all  he 
had,  and  that  he  would  kill  himself  for  my  sake.     Therefore  I 
advise  thee  (dear  sister  Crisis)  and  all  maids,  not  to  use  your 
suiters  over  kindly ;  insolentes  enim  sunt  hoc  cum  senthmt, 
'twill  make  them  proud  and  insolent ;  but  now  and  then  reject 
them,  estrange  thy  self,  et  si  me  audies  semel  atque  iterum  ex- 
clude, shut  him  out  of  doors,  once  or  twice;  let  him  dance  at- 
tendance; follow  my  counsell,  and  by  this  means  ''you  shall 
make  him  mad,  come  off  roundly,  stand  to  any  conditions, 
and  do  whatsoever  you  will  have  him.     These  are  the  ordinary 
practices;  yet  in  the  said  Lucian,  Melissa  me  thinks,  had  a 
trick  beyond  all  this ;  for  when  her  suiter  came  coldly  on,  to 
stir  him  up,  sh    writ  one  of  his  corrivals  names  and  her  own 
in  a  paper,  Melissa  amat  Hermotimum,  Hermotimus  Metis- 
sam,  causing  it  to  be  stuck  upon  a  post,  for  all  gazers  to  be- 
hold, and  lost  it  in  the  way  where  he  used  to  walk ;  which 
when  the  silly  novice  perceived,  statim  ut  legit  credidit,  in- 
stantly apprehended  it  was  so,  came  raving  to  me,  &c.  ''and 
so  when  I  was  in  despair  of  his  love,  four  months  after  I  re- 
covered him  again.      Eugenia  drew  Timocles  for  her  valen- 
tine, and  wore  his  name  a  long  time  after  in  her  bosome  :  Ca- 
maena  singled  out  Pamphilus  to  dance,  at  Mysons  wedding 
(some  say)   for  there  she  saw  him  first;  Felicianus  overtook 
Gseliaby  the  high  way  side,  offered  his  service,  thence  came 
farther  acquaintance,  and  thence  came  love.     But  M'ho  can  re- 
peat half  their  devices  ?  What  Aretine  experienced,  what  con- 
ceited Lucian,  or  wanton  Aristsenetus  ?    They  will  deny  and 
take,  stiflly  refuse,  and  yet  earnestly  seek  the  same ;  repel  to 
make  them  come  with  more  eagerness ;  fly  from  if  you  follow; 
but  if  averse,  as  a  shadow  they  will  follow  you  agmn,  J'ugieti' 
tern  sequitur,   sequentem  J'ugit :  with    a  regaining  retrait,  a 
gentle  reluctancy,  a  smiling  threat,  a  pretty  pleasant  peevish- 


a  Venientem  videbis  ipsam  denuo  inflammatum  et  prorsus  I'nsanieDteni.  *>  Et^sic 

cum  fere  de  illo  desperassem,  post  menses  quatuor  ad  me  rediit. 


272  Love-Melancholi/.  [Part,  3.  Sec.  2. 

ness,  they  will  put  you  oft',  and  havo  a  thousand  sjucli  several 
entisements.     For  as  he  saith, 

*  Non  est  forma  satis,  nee  quae  vult  bella  videri, 
Debet  vu!gari  more  placere  suis. 
Dicta,  sales,  lusus,  sermones,  gratia,  risus, 
Vincunt  naturae  candidioris  opus. 

'Tis  not  enough  though  she  be  fair  of  shew, 
For  her  to  use  this  vulgar  complement : 
Bur.  pretty  toves,  and  jests,  and  sawes,  and  smiles. 
As  far  beyond  what  beauty  can  attempt. 

*"  Forthis  cause,  belike,  Philostratus  in  hisiniag-es,  makes  divers 
loves,  some  yong,  some  of  one  a(je,  some  of  another,  some 
winged,  some  of  one  sex,  some  of  another,  some  with  torches, 
some  xcith  golden  apples,  some  tcith  darts,  gins,  snares,  and 
other  engines  in  their  hands,  as  Propertius  hatii  prettily  painted 
them  out,  lib.  2.et  29.  and  which  some  interpret,  divers  entise- 
ments, or  divers  affections  of  lovers  ;  which  if  not  alone,  yet 
joyntly  may  batter  and  overcome  the  strongest  constitutions. 
It  is  reported  of  Decius,  ^^alerianus,  those  two  notorious 
persecutors  of  the  church,  that  when  they  could  enforce  a 
yong  christian  by  no  means  (as  <=  Hierome  .'jcords)  to  sa- 
crifice to  their  idtds,  by  no  torments  or  promises,  they  took 
another  course  to  tempt  him;  they  put  him  into  a  fair  garden, 
and  set  a  yong  courtesan  to  dally  with  him  ;  '^she  took  him 
about  the  neck  and  kissed  him,  and  that  ichich  is  not  to  be 
named,  manihusque  attrectare,  6:c.  and  all  those  entisements 
which  might  be  used ;  that  whom  torments  could  not,  love 
might  batter  and  beleaguer.  But  such  Mas  his  constancy, 
she  could  not  overcome  ;  and  when  this  last  engin  would  take 
no  place,  they  left  him  to  his  own  ways.  At  ^  Barclye  in  Glo- 
cester-shire,  there  was  in  times  past  a  nunnery  (saith  Gualte- 
rus  Mapes,  an  old  historiographer  of  ours,  that  lived  400  years 
since)  oj' which  there  was  a  noble  andafair  ladg  abbess  :  God- 
win, that  subtile  earl  oj' Kent,  travelling  that  way,  (seking  not 
her  but  hers)  leaves  a  nephew  of  his,  a  proper  yong  gallant  (as 
if  he  had  been  sick)  with  her,  till  he  came  back  again  ;  and 
gives  the  yong  man  charge  so  long  to  counterfeit,  till  hehadde- 


"Petronius  CatalecL  blmagines  Deornm,  fol.  327.      Varios  amores  facit, 

qnosaliqui  ioterpretantar  maltiplices  affectns  et  illecebras^  alios  puellos,  puellas  alios, 
alios  ponia  aurea,  alios sagittas,  alios  laqueos,  &c.  <^Epist  lib.  3.  vita  Patili 

Ereniita;.  <iMeretrix  speciosa  cepit  deiicatitis  strin;:ere  colia  complexibus,  et 

corpore  in  libidinera  concitafo,  ^c.  «  Camden  in  Glocestershire.     Huic  praefoit 

nobilis  et  forniosa  abbatissa:  Godwinas  come-.,  .i.ti ole  subtilis,  non  ipsam,  sed  sua 
cupiens,  reliquit  nepotem  suum  forma  elegantUsimum, tanquam  iufinnum^  donee  rever- 
teretur,  instruit,  &ce. 


Mein,  3.  Subs.  4.]       Arlificial  AUurements.  Q73 

Jlowred  the  abbess,  and  as  many  besides  of  the  nuns  as  he 
could  ;  and  leaves  him  witkall,  rings,  jewels,  girdles,  and  such 
toyes  to  give  them,  still,  ichen  they  came  to  visit  him.  The 
yong  man  willing  to  undergo  such  a  business,  plaid  his  part  so 
well,  that  in  short  space  he  got  up  most  of  their  bellies  ;  and 
when  he  had  done,  told  his  lord  how  he  had  sped:  ^  his 
lord  makes  iyistantly  to  the  court,  tells  the  king  hoiv  such  a 
nunnery  was  become  a  bawdy  house,  procures  a  visitation ^ 
gets  them  to  be  turned  out,  and  begs  the  lands  to  his  oivn  use. 
This  story  1  do  therefore  repeat,  that  you  may  see  of  what 
force  these  entisements  are,  if  tliey  be  opportunely  used;  and 
how  hard  it  is  even  for  the  most  averse  and  sanctified  souk,  to 
resist  such  allurements.  John  Major  in  the  life  of  John  the 
Monk,  that  lived  in  the  dayes  of  Theodosius,  commends  the 
hermite  to  have  been  a  man  of  singular  continency,  and  of  a 
most  austere  life;  but  one  night,  by  chance,  the  devil  came  to 
his  cell  in  the  habit  of  a  yong  market  wench  that  had  lost 
her  >vay,  and  desired  for  Gods  sake  some  lodging  with  him. 
''  The  old  man  let  her  in  ;  and  after  some  common  confer- 
ence of  her  mishap,  she  began  to  inveagle  him  xcith  lascivious 
talk  and  jests,  to  play  icith  his  beard,  to  kiss  him,  and  do  ivorse, 
till  at  last  she  overcame  him.  As  he  went  to  address  himself 
to  that  busitiess,  she  vanished  on  a  sudden,  and  the  devils  in 
the  ayr  laughed  him  to  scorn.  Whether  this  be  a  true  story, 
or  a  tale,  1  will  not  much  contend;  it  serves  to  illustrate  this 
which  I  have  said. 

Yet  were  it  so,  that  these  of  which  I  have  hitherto  spoken, 
and  such  like  intising  baits  be  not  sufficient,  there  be  many 
others,  which  will  of  themselves  intend  this  passion  of  burnino- 
lust:  amongst  which,  dancing  is  none  of  the  least;  and  it  is 
an  engin  of  such  force  I  may  not  omit  it.  Incitamentum 
Ubidinis,  Petrarch  calls  it,  the  spur  of  lust;  a  "circle  of 
which  the  divel  himself  is  the  center.  ^  Many  tvomen  that 
use  it,  have  come  dishonest  home;  most  indifferent ;  none  better. 
^  Another  terms  it,  the  companion  of  all  filthy  delights  and  en- 
tisements ;  and 'tis  not  easily  told  what  inconveniences  comebij 
itj  what  scurrile  talk,  obscene  actions  ;  and  many  times  such 


*  Ille  impiger  regem  adit,  abbatissam  et  suas  prasgnantes  edocet,  exploratoribus  missis 
probat,  et  iis  ejectis,  a  domino  suo  manerium  accepit.  b  Post  sermones 

de  casu  suo  suavitate  sermonis  conciliat  animum  hominis.  manutnque  inter  col!o<iuia 
et  risus  ad  barbam  protendit  et  palpare  coepit  cervicem  suam  et  osculari.  Quid  multa? 
capti\Tim  ducit  militem  Christi.  Complexura  evanescit,  daemones  in  acre  monachum 
riserunt.  '^  Chorasa  circulus,  cujas  centrum  diabolus.  d  Multae 

inde  impudicae  domum  rediere,  plures  ambiguae,  melior  nulla.  e  Turpium 

deliciarum  comes  est  externa  saltatio  ;  neque  certe  facile  dictu  quae  mala  hinc  yisus 
hauriat,  et  quee  pariat  coUoquia,  monstrosos,  inconditos  gestxis,  &c. 
VOL.    II.  T 


274  Love 'Melancholy,  [Part.  3.  Sec.  '2. 

monstrous  gestures,  such  lascivious   motions,   such  wanton 
tunes,  meretricious  kisses,  homely  einbracings, 

*(ut  Gaditana  canoro 

Incipiat  prurire  chore,  plausuque  probatse 
Ad  terram  ireimila  descendant  clune  puellae, 
h-ritamentum  Veneris  languentis) 

that  it  will  make  the  spectators  mad.     When  that  epitomizer 
of  •'Trogus  had  to  the  full  described,  and  set  out  king-  Pto- 
lomies  riot,  as  a  chief  engin  and  instrument  of  his  overthrow, 
he  adds   tympamim  et  tripudium,  fidiing   and   dancing*;  the 
Mug  was  not  a  spectator  onely,  hut  a  principall  actor  himself. 
A  thing  nevertheless  frequently  used,  and  part  of  a  gentie- 
womans  bringing,  to  sing',  dance,  and  play  on  the  lute,  or 
some  such  instrument,  !>efore  she  can  say  her  Pater  .^^oster,  or 
ten  commandments.     'Tis  the  next  way  their  parents  think, 
to  get  them  husbands  ;  they  are  compelled  to  learn,  and  by 
that  means,    "^  incestos  amorcs  de  tenero   niedkantvr  wujne  ; 
'tis  a  great  allurement  as  it  is  often  used,  and  many  are  un- 
done by  it.     Thais  in  Lucian,  inveagled  Lamprias  in  a  dance. 
Herodias  so  far  pleased  Herod,  that  she  made  him  swear  to 
give  her  what  she  would  ask,  John  Baptists  head  in  a  platter. 
''Robert  duke  of  Normandy,  riding  by  Falais,  spied  Arlette  a 
fair  maid,  as  she  danced  on  a  green ;  and  was  so  much  ena- 
moured w  ith  the  object,  that  he  *must  needs  lye  with  her  that 
night.      Owen  Tudor  won  queen   Catharines  affection  in  a 
dance;  falling  by  chance,  with  his  head  in  her  Jap.  Whocannot 
parallel  thesestories  out  of  his  experience.''   Speusippusanoble 
gallant  in  'that  Greek  Aristienetus,  seeing Panareta a  fairyong 
gentlewoman   dancing  by  accident,  was  so  far  in  love  with 
iier,  that  for  a  long  time  after  he  could  think  of  nothing  but 
Panareta  ;   he   came    raving   home   full    of  Panareta :    Who 
would  not  admire  her,  I'dio  irould  not  love  her,  that  should, 
hut  see  her  dance  as  I  did  ?  O  admirable,  O  divine  Panareta! 
J  have  seen  old  and  new  Rome,  many  fair  cities,  many  proper 
women,  hut  never  any  like  to  Panareta  !  they  are  dross,  dow- 
dies all  to  Panareta  !  O  how  she  danced,  how  she  tript,  how 
she  turnd,  with  ivhat  a  (pace  !  happy  is  that  man  that  shall oi- 
joyeher.  O  most  incomparable^  onely,  Panareta!  When  Xeno- 
phon  in  Symposio,  or  banquet,  had  discoursed  of  love,  and 


a  Jnv.  Sat.  11.  '•Justin.  1.  10.  Addiintur  instrnmenta  luzunae,  tympana  ^t 

tripudia  ;  nee  tain  spectator  rex,  sed  uequitiie  maijister,  &c.  <^Hor.  I.  3.  od.  G. 

A  Havarde  vita  ejus.  »0f  wlioin  lie  begat  Wiiiiani  the  Conqueror;  by  the  same 

token  she  tore  her  smock  down,  sayiii?,  &c.  f  Epist.  26.     Quis  non  miratas  est 

salfanteni  ?  Qnis  non  vidit  et  arnavitV  veterein  et  novani  vidi  Romaiii,  sed  tibi  siniileiu 
non  vidi,  Panareta,  Mix  qui  Panareta  fruitur,  &c. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]       Artijicial  Alluremeuts.  2^5 

used  all  the  engins  that  might  be  devised  to  move  Socrates  ; 
amongst  the  rest,  to  stir  hiiu  the  more,  he  shuts  up  all  v/itU  a 
pleasant  interlude  or  dance  of  Dionysius  and  Ariadne.  ^  First, 
Ariadne  dressed  like  a  bride  came  in  and  took  her  place  ;  hij 
and  hy  Dionysius  enired,  dancing  to  the  musick.  The  spec- 
tators did  all  admire  the  yony  mans  carriage :  and  Ariadne  her- 
self tvas  so  much  affected  with  the  sight,  that  she  coidd  scarce 
sit.  After  a  ivhile  Dionysius  beholding  Ariadne,  and  incensed 
with  love,  bowing  to  her  knees,  embraced  her  first,  and  kissed 
her  with  a  grace ;  she  embraced  him  again,  and  kissed  him 
with  like  affection,  ^-c.  as  the  dance  required  ;  hut  they  that 
stood  by  and  saw  this,  did  much  applaud  and  commend  them 
both  for  it.  And  ichen  Dionysius  rose  up,  he  raised  her  up 
with  him,  and  many  pretty  gestures,  embraces,  kisses,  and  lone 
complements  passed  between  them;  which  tvhen  they  saw  fair 
Bacchus  and  beautiful  Ariadne,  so  sweetly  and  so  unfahiedly 
kissing  each  other,  so  really  embracing,  they  swore  they  loved 
indeed,  and  were  so  enfiamed  icith  the  object,  that  they  began 
to  rouse  up  themselves,  as  if  they  would  havefloivn.  At  the  last, 
when  they  saiv  them  still,  so  willingly  embracing,  and  now 
ready  to  go  to  the  bride  chamber,  they  u-ere  so  ravished  tvith 
it,  that  they  that  were  unmarried,  sivore  they  icould  forthwith 
marry  ;  and  those  that  were  married,  called  instantly  for  their 
horses  and  gallopped  home  to  their  wires.  What  greater 
motive  can  there  be  then  this  burning  lust?  What  so  violent 
an  oppugner  ?  Not  without  good  cause  therefore,  so  many 
general  councels  condemn  it;  so  many  fathers  abhor  it;  so  many 
grave  men  speak  against  it :  use  not  the  company  of  a  ivoman, 
saith  Siracides,  9-  4.  that  is  a  singer,  or  a  dancer  ;  neither 
hear,  least  thou  be  taken  in  her  craftiness.  In  circo  noii 
tarn  cernitur  quam  discitnr  libido.  ''Hasdus  holds,  lust  in 
theaters  is  not  seen  but  learned.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  that 
eloquent  divine  {"  as  he  relates  the  story  himself)  when  a  noble 
friend  of  his  solemnly  invited  him,  with  other  i)ishops,  to  his 
daughter  Olympias  wedding,  refused  to  come ;  ^Jbr  it  is 
absurd  to  see  an  old  gouty  bishop  sit  amongst  dancers  ;  he 


*Principio  Ariadne  velut  sponsa  prodit,  ac  'sola  recedit;  'prodiens  illico  Dio- 
nysius ad  numeros  cantante  tibia  saltabat ;  adrairati  sunt  omnes  saltantem  juve- 
nena,  ipsaque  Ariadne,  ut  vix  potuerit  conqaiescere  ;  postea  vero  cum  Dionysius 
earn  aspexit,  &c.  Ut  autem  surrexit  Dionysius,  erexit  simul  Ariadnem,  licebatque 
spectare  gestus  osculantium,  et  inter  se  complectentium ;  qui  autem  spectabant,  &c. 
Ad  extremum  videntes  eos  mutuis  amplexibus  iniplicatos  et  jamjam  ad  thalauium 
ituros  ;  qui  non  duxerant  uxores,  jurabant  uxores  se  ductoros ;  qui  autem  duxerant,' 
conscensis  equis  et  incitatis,  ut  iisdem  fruerentur,  doumm  festinarunt.  •>  Lib.  4. 

de  contemnend.  amoribus.  =  Ad  Anysium  epist.  57.  "^la 

tempestivum  enim  est,  et  a  nuptiis  abhorrens,  inter  saltantes  podagricum  videre  se- 
nem,  et  episcopuoi. 

T  2 


27<>  Love-Melanekohj.  [Pnvt.  3.  Sec.  2. 

lu'ld  it  unfit  to  be  a  spectator;  nmch  less  an  actor.  AVmo  sal- 
fat  aohrhis,  Tally  writes;  lie  is  not  a  sober  man  that  dancetli ; 
for  some  such  reason  (belike)  Domitian  forbad  the  Roman 
senatois  to  dance  ;  and  for  that  fact,  removed  many  of  them 
from  the  senate.  But  these,  you  will  say,  are  lascivious  and 
paoan  dances,  'tis  the  abuse  that  causeth  such  inconvenience, 
and  I  do  not  well  therefore  to  condemn,  speak  against,  or  hi- 
nocently  to  accuse  the  hest  and  pleasantest  thinf/  (so  ^  Lucian 
calls  it)  that  heloiKjs  to  mortall  men.  You  misinterpret;  I 
condemn  it  not ;  I  hold  it  notwithstandino-  an  honest  disport, 
a  lawful  recreation,  if  it  be  opportune,  moderately  and  soberly 
\ised  :  I  am  of  Plutarchs  mind,  ^tJtat  tvhich  respects  pleasure 
alone,  honest  recreation,  or  hodibf  exercise,  ouffht  not  to  he 
rejected  and  contemned :  I  subscribe  to'^^  Lucian  ;  Uisan  elerjant 
thinrj,  which  cheareth  np  the  mind,  exerciseth  the  hody,  delif/hts 
the  spectators,  which  teachefh  many  comely  yestures,  equally 
affecting  the  ears,  eys,  and  soul  it  self.  Salust  conmiends 
singing  and  dancino-  in  Sempronia,  not  that  she  did  sing-  or 
dance,  but  that  she  did  it  in  excess;  'tis  the  abuse  of  it :  and 
Gregories  refusal  doth  not  simply  condemn  it,  but  in  some  folks. 
]Many  will  not  allow  men  and  women  to  dance  together,  be- 
cause it  is  a  provocation  to  lust :  they  may  as  well,  with  Ly- 
curgus  and  Mahomet,  cut  down  all  vines,  forbid  tlie  drinking 
of  wine,  for  that  it  makes  some  men  drunk. 

«i  Nihil  prodest  quod  non  laedere  posset  idem  : 
Tg-nc  quid  utilius? 

I  say  of  this,  as  of  all  other  honest  recreations  ;  they  are  like 
fire,  good  and  bad,  and  1  see  no  such  inconvenience,  but  that 
they  may  so  ilance,  if  it  be  done  at  due  times,  and  by  fit  ])er- 
sons  :  and  conclude  with  Wolfongus  "^Hider,  and  most  of  our 
modern  divines  :  Si  decorcc,  graves,  verecundo',  plena  ^ce 
honorum  rirorum  et  matronarum  honestarum,  tempestive 
fianf,  prohari  possunt,  et  dehent.  There  is  a  time  to  mourn, 
fi  lime  to  dance,  Eccles.  3.  4.  Let  them  take  their  pleasures 
then,  and  as  '  he  said  of  old,  yong  men  and  maids  flourish- 
iny   in    their   age,  J'air   and  lovely   to  behold^   well  attired 


a  Rem  omniiini  in  mortaliuin  vita  optimam  iunocenter  accnsare.  '>0n« 

honestam  voluptatem  respicit,  aiit  corporis  exsrcilinin,  contemni  non  debet  *'  Ele- 

gantissima  res  est,  quae  et  inentem  acuit,  corpus  exerceat,  et  spectantes  ol)Iectet,mnltos 
geslMs  (lecoros  dorens,  oriilos.  aiires^  aniinunj  ex  a-qiio  deniulcens.  '^  Ovid. 

*  System,  inoralis  Philosoplii.T'.  '  Apiileiiis.  10.     Pnelli,  paellaeqne 

virenti  florentes  ii-tatuli'i.  ibrma  conspicui,  veste  nitidi,  incessu  gratiosi,  Grfecanicam 
saltanfes  Pyrrliiiani,  dispositis  ordinationibus,  decoros  ambitus  inerrabant,  nunc 
in  orbem  flexi,  nunc  in  obii(|uani  seriem  coDnexi>  nunc  in  <|uadrum  cuneati,  nunc  inde 
«ej>ariiti. 


Mem.  3.  .Subs.  4.]       Artificial  Alluremeyits.  277 

and  of  comely  carriage,  dancing  a  Greek galliard,  and  as  their 
dance  required,  kept  their  time,  noic  turning,  now  tracing, 
now  apart,  now  altogether,  now  a  courtesie,  then  a  caper,  Sfc. 
and  it  was  a  pleasant  sight  to  see  those  pretty  knots,  and  swim- 
ming- figures.  The  sun  and  moon  (some  say)  dance  about  the 
earth ;  the  three  upper  planets  about  the  sun  as  their  center, 
now  stationary,  now  direct,  now  retrograde,  now  in  apogao, 
then  in  per ig ceo,  now  swift,  then  slow,  occidentall,  oriental!, 
they  turn  round,  jumpe  and  trace,  $  and  ^  about  the  sun 
with  those  thirty-three  Maculae  or  burbonian  planet;  circa  So- 
lem  saltantes  Cgtharedum,  saith  Fromundus.  Four  Medi- 
cean  starsdance  about  Jupiter;  two  Austrian  about  Saturn,  &c. 
and  all,  (belike)  to  the  musick  of  the  sphears.  Our  greatest 
counsellors,  and  staid  senators,  at  sometimes,  dance;  as  David 
before  the  ark,  2  Sam.  6-  14.  Miriam,  Exod.  15.  20.  Judith, 
15.  13.  (though  thedivel  hence  perhaps  hath  brought  in  those 
bawdy  Bacchanals)  and  well  may  they  do  it.  The  greatest 
souldiers,  as ''Quintilianus,  ''iEmilius  Probus,  <=Ccelius  Rho- 
diginus,  have  proved  at  large,  still  use  it  in  Greece,  Rome,  and 
the  most  worthy  senators,  cantare,  saltare.  Lucian,  JVlacrobius, 
Libanus,  Plutarch,  Julius  Pollux,  Athenaeus,  have  written  just 
tracts  in  commendation  of  it.  In  this  our  age  it  is  in  much 
request  in  those  countries,  as  in  all  civil  commonwealths,  as 
Alexander  ab  Alexandra,  lib.  4.  cap.  10.  et  lib.  2.  cap,  25. 
hath  proved  at  large ;  '^  amongst  the  Barbarians  themselves, 
nothing  so  pretious ;  all  the  world  allows  it. 

e  Divitias  contemno  tuas,  rex  Croese,  tuamque 
Vendo  Asiam,  unguentis,  flora,  mere,  choreis. 

f  Plato  in  his  Common-wealth,  will  have  dancing-schools  to 
be  maintained,  that  yong  folks  might  meet,  he  acquainted, 
see  one  another,  and  be  seen;  nay  more,  he  would  have  them 
dance  naked ;  and  scoffs  at  them  that  laugh  at  it.  But  Euse- 
bius  prcepar.  Evangel,  lib.  1.  cap.  11.  and  Theodoret,  lib.  9. 
curat.  GrcBC.  affect,  worthily  lash  him  for  itj  and  well  they 
might :  for  as  one  saith,  s  The  very  sight  of  naked  parts 
causeth  enormous,  exceeding  concupiscences,  and  stirs  up  both 
men  and  u'omen  to  burning  lust.  There  is  a  mean  in  all 
things  :  this  is  my  censure  in  brief;  dancing  is  a  pleasant 
recreation  of  body  and  mind,  if  sober  and  modest  (such  as  our 


aLib.  1.  cap.  11.  I)  Vit.  Epaminondas.  c  Lib.  5.  JRead  P. 

Martyr  Ocean  Decad.  Benzo,  Lerius,  Hacluit,  &c.  e  Angeriamis  Erotopsdiani. 

flO.  Leg.  T*!?  yap  Tot^tfTJ);  atrov^n';  ivey.ac,  &c.  hnjus  cansa  oportuit  disciplinam  con-' 
stitui,  ut  tarn  pueri  quara  pnellse  chorea  celebrent,'spectentarque  ac  spectent,  &c. 
sAspectus  enim  midorum  corpornni  tam  mares  quam  fceminas  irritare  solet  ad enormes 
lascivia;  appetitus. 


Q.'iS  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Christian  dances  are)  if  tempestively  used;  a  furious  motive 
tn  Imrning  lust,  if,  as  by  Pagans  heretofore,  unchastely  abused. 
Hilt  I  proceed. 

If  these  allurements  do  not  take  place,  (for  ^Simierus,  that 
•Treat  master  of  dalliance,  shall  not  behave  himself  better)  tl.e 
more  effectually  to  move  others,  and  satisfie  their  lust,  they 
w  ill  swear  and  lye,  promise,  protest,  forg-e,  counterfeit,  brag, 
bribe,  flatter  and  disseuible  of  all  sides.  'Twas  Lucretias 
connsel  in  Aretine,  Si  vis  amicdfrui,  promitte,  Jiikjp,  jura, 
/wrjurajacta,  simula,  mentire,  and  they  put  it  well  in  practice, 
as  Apolio  to  Daphne, 

''  mihi  Dc4phica  tellus, 

Et  Clares,  et  Tenedos,  Patareaque  regia  seivit, 

Jupiter  est  genitor 

Delphos,  Claros  and  Tenedos  serve  me. 
And  Jupiter  is  known  my  sire  to  be. 

•^  The  poorest  swains  will  do  as  much  ; 

«i  Mille  pecus  nivci  sunt  et  milii  vallibus  agni.' 

I  have  a  thousand  sheep,  good  store  of  cattle,  and  they  are  all 
Mt  her  command, 

^  Tibi  nos,  tibi  nostra  supellex, 

Ruraque  servierint 

liouse,  land,  goods,  are  at  her  '  ervice,  as  he  is  himself.  Dino- 
iiiachus,  a  senators  son  in  ^Lucian,  in  love  with  a  wench  infe- 
rior to  him  in  birth  and  fortunes,  the  sooner  to  accomplish  his 
desire,  wept  unto  her,  and  swore  he  loved  her  with  all  his 
heart,  and  her  alone;  and  lliat,  as  soon  as  ever  his  father  died 
(a  very  rich  man  and  almost  decrepit)  he  would  make  her  his 
wife.  The  maid  by  chance  made  her  mother  acquainted  with 
the  business,  who  being  an  old  fox,  well  experienced  in  such 
malters,  told  her  daughter,  now  ready  to  yeeld  to  his  desire, 
ihat  he  meant  nothing  less  ;  for  dost  thou  think  he  will  ever 
<are  for  thee,  being  a  poor  wench,  ^'that  may  have  his  choice 
of  all  the  beauties  in  the  city,  one  noble  by  birth,  with  so 
many  talents,  as  yong,  better  qualified,  and  fairer  then  thy 
self?  daughter  beleeve  him  not:  the  maid  v.as  abasht,  and  so 
the  maltcT  broke  off.  When  Jupiter  wooed  Juno  tirst(Lilius 
Giraldus  relates  it  out  of  an  old  Comment  on  Theocritus)  the 


"  Camden  Annal.  Anno  1578,  fol.  276.     Amatoriis  facetiis  et  iilecebris  exquisitissi- 
mns.  *>  jM^t  1 .  Ovid.  <=  Erasmus  egl.     Mille  niei  Siculis  errant  in  mon- 

tibiis  iigni.  '' Virg.  «  Lofchaus.  f  Tom.  4.  merit,  dial.  Aniare  se 

jurat  et  lacrjmatiir,  dicilqiit-   niorem  me  ducere  veile,  quiim  patir  oculos  clausisset. 
?  Quum  dotem  alibi  luulto  inajortm  asintietj  Sec. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]       Artijicial  Allurements.  279 

better  to  effect  his  suite,  he  turned  himself  into  a  cuckow;  and 
spying  her  one  day  walking  alone,  separated  from  the  other 
goddesses,  caused  a  tempest  suddenly  to  arise,  for  fear  of  which 
she  fled  to  shelter:  Jupiter  to  avoid  the  storm  likewise  flew  into 
her  lap,  in  virginis  Junonis  gremium  devolavit,  whom  Juno  for 
pitty  covered  in  her  *  apron.  But  he  turned  himself  forthwith 
into  his  own  shape,  began  to  embrace  and  offer  violence  unto 
her,  sedilla  matris  metu  abnuebat,  but  she  by  no  means  would 
yeeld,  donee  pollicitus  connnbimn  obtinuit,  till  he  vowed  and 
swore  to  marry  her,  and  then  she  gave  consent.  This  fact  was 
done  at  Thornax  hill,  which  ever  [after  was  called  Cuckow 
hill;  and  in  perpetuall  remembrance,  there  was  a  temple 
erected  to  Telia  Juno  in  the  same  place.  So  powerfull  are  fair 
promises,  vows,  oathes,  and  protestations.  It  is  an  ordinary 
thing  too,  in  this  case,  to  belie  their  age,  which  widdows 
usually  do,  that  mean  to  marry  again  :  and  batchelours  too, 
sometimes, 

^  Cujus  octavum  trepidavit  aetas 
Claudere  lustrum ; 

to  say  they  are  yonger  then  they  are.  Charmides,  in  the  said 
Lucian,  loved  Philematium,  an  old  maid  45  years,  "^she 
swore  to  him  she  was  but  32  next  December.  But  to  dissem- 
ble in  this  kinde,  is  familiar  of  all  sides,  and  often  it  takes. 

d  Fallere  credentem  res  est  operosa  puellam, 

'tis  soon  done,  no  such  great  mastery, 

Egregiam  vero  laudem,  et  spolia  ampla, 


Arid  nothing  sofrequent  as  to  belie  their  estates ;  to  prefer  their 
suites  ;  and  to  advance  themselves.  Many  men,  to  fetch  over 
a  yong  woman,  widdows  or  whom  they  love,  will  not  stick  to 
crackfforge  and  fain  any  thing  comes  next ;  bid  his  boy  fetch 
his  cloak,  rapier,  gloves,  jewels,  &c.  in  such  a  chest,  scarlet- 
golden-tissue  breeches,  &c.  Avhen  there  is  no  such  matter;  or 
make  any  scruple  to  give  out,  as  he  did  in  Petronius,  that  he 
was  master  of  a  ship,  kept  so  many  servants;  and,  to  personate 
their  part  the  better,  take  upon  them  to  be  gentlemen  of  good 
houses ;  well  descended  and  allied ;  hire  apparell  at  brokers  ; 
some  scavinger  or  prick-louse  taylor  to  attend  upon  them  for 
the  time;  swear  they  have  great  possessions,  ^ bribe, lye,  cog, 
andfoist,  how  dearly  they  love,  how  bravely  they  will  maintain 


a  Or  upper  garment.     Quern  Junomiserata  veste  coutexit.  *>  Hor. 

c Dejeravlt  ilia  secunduni  supra  trigesiiinim  ad  proxiraum  Decenibrem  completiiiaiii 
se  esse.  dOviH.  «  Nam  doiiis  vincitur  oranis  amor.     Catullus  1. 

el.  5. 


280  Love-Melancholtf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

her  like  any  lady,  countess,  dutcliess,  or  queen;  they  shall  have 
gowns,  tires,  jewels,  coaches,  and  carocbes,  choice  diet, 

The  heads  of  parrats,  toncruesof  ni<;htingals, 
The  brains  of  peacocks,  and  of  estriches, 
Their  bath  shall  be  the  juice  of  gilliflowres. 
Spirit  of  roses  and  of  violets, 
The  milk  of  unicorns,  &c. 

as  old  Volpone  courted  Calia  in  the  **  comoe<ly,  when  as,  they 
are  no  such  men,  not  worth  a  groat,  but  meer  sharkorn,  to 
niakeafortuno,  to  get  their  desire,  or  else  pretend  love  to  spend 
their  idle  hours,  to  be  more  welcome,  and  for  b(>ttor  entertain- 
ment.    The  conclusion  is,  they  mean  nothing  less ; 

bNil  metuunt  jurare,  nihil  promittere  curant : 
Sed  siniul  ac  cupidoe  mentis  satiata  libido  est, 
Dicta  nihil  metu^re,  nihil  perjuria  curant. 

Oathes,  vows,  promises,  are  much  protested  ; 
But  when  their  mind  and  lust  is  satisfied, 
Oathes,  vows,  promises,  are  quite  neglected. 

though  he  solemnly  swear  by  the  genius  of  Caesar,  by  Venus 
shrine,  Hymens  deity,  by  Jupiter  and  all  the  other  gods,  give 
no  credit  to  his  words,  for  when  lovers  swear,  Venus  laughs, 
Vefuts  Jt<TC  perjuria  ridet  ;  '^  Jupiter  himself  smiles,  and  par- 
dons it  withall,  as  grave  ''  Plato  gives  out;  of  all  perjury,  that 
alone  for  love  matters  is  forgiven  by  the  gods.  If  promises, 
lies,  oathes,  and  protestations  Avill  not  avail,  they  fall  to  bribes, 
tokens,  gifts,  and  such  like  feates.  ^  Pluriinx.s  aj/ro  concHuitur 
amor:  as  Jupiter  corrupted  Daniie  with  a  golden  shower, 
and  Liber  Ariadne  witli  a  lovely  crown,  (which  was  after- 
wards translated  into  the  heavens,  and  there  for  ever  shines;) 
they  will  rain  chickins,  florens,  crowns,  angels,  all  maner  of 
coincs  and  stamps  in  her  lap.  And  so  must  he  certainly 
do  that  will  speed  ;  make  many  feasts,  banquets,  invitations, 
send  her  some   present  or  other  every  foot.     Summo  studio 

arcntur  rpulcc  (saith  'Hsedus)   et  crehrcc  Jiant  larfjitiones  ; 

e  must  1)0  very  bountiful  and  liberal,  seek  and  sue,  not 
fo  her  onely,  but  to  all  her  followers,  friends,  familiars, 
fidlers, panders,  parasites, and  houshold  servants;  he  must  in- 
sinuate himself,  and  surely  will,  to  all,  of  all  sorts,  messengers, 
porters,  carriers;  no  man  must  be  unrewarded,  orunrespected. 

"  I'ox.  act.  3.  sr.  3.  ''  Cafiilliis.  '"  Perjuria  ridet  ainantuiii  Jiiinter.  et 

\entos  irrita  ferre  jubct.  Tibul.  lib.  3.  e\  6.  'i  In  I'bilebo.   Pejerautibus  bis  Dii 

aoli  iguuscunt.  ^Catui.  'Lib.  1.  de  conlemueudis  amuribus. 


I 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  4.]      Artijicial  Allurements.  281 

I  had  a  suiter  (saith  ^Aretines  Lucretia)  that  when  he  came 
to  my  house,  flung  gold  and  silver  about,  as  if  it  had  bin 
chaff.  Another  suiter  I  had,  was  a  verycholeriek  fellow;  but 
I  so  handled  him,  that  for  all  his  fuming,  1  brought  him  upon 
his  knees :  If  there  had  been  an  excellent  bit  in  the  market, 
any  novelty,  fish,  fruit  or  fowl,  muskadel,  or  malmesey,  or  a 
cup  of  neat  wine  in  all  the  city,  it  was  presented  presently  to 
me,  though  never  so  dear,  hard  to  come  by,  yet  1  had  it :  the 
poor  fellow  was  so  fond  at  last,  that  I  think,  if  1  would,  I 
might  have  had  one  of  his  eys  out  of  his  head.  A  third 
suiter  was  a  merchant  of  Rome  ;  and  his  manner  of  wooino- 
was,  with  ''exquisite  musick,  costly  banquets,  poems,  &c. 
I  held  him  off,  till  at  length  he  protested,  promised,  and 
swore  pro  virginitate  regno  me  donaturum,  I  should  have  all 
he  had,  house,  goods,  and  lands,  pro  concuhitu  solo  ;  "  Neither 
was  there  ever  any  conjurer,  I  think,  to  charm  his  spirits,  that 
used  such  attention,  or  mighty  words,  as  he  did  exquisite 
phrases;  or  general  of  any  army,  so  many  stratagems  to  win 
a  city,  as  he  did  tricks  and  devices  to  get  the  love  of  me.  Thus 
men  are  active  and  passive  ;  and  women  not  far  behind  them 
iii  this  kinde  :  audax  ad  omnia  fcemina^  quae  vel  amat,  veL 
odit. 

d  if ov  jbalf e  5o  ftolttli?  i^txt  tan  nun 
iPiDcav  anU  \^t  Ki  ioomcn  can. 

eThey  will  crack,  counterfeit  and  collogue,  as  well  as  the  best, 
with  handkerchiefs,  and  wrought  nightcaps,  purses,  posies, 
and  such  toyes :  as  he  justly  complained, 

f  Cur  mittis  violas  ?  nempe  ut  violentius  urar  ; 
Quid  violas  vicdis  me  violenta  tuis?  &c. 

Why  dost  thou  send  me  violets,  my  dear? 
To  make  me  burn  more  violent  I  fear ; 
With  violets  too  violent  thou  art, 
To  violate  and  wound  my  gentle  heart. 

Wlien  notliing  else  will  serve,  the  last  refuge  is  their  tears. 
Hcec  scripsi  (testor  amorem)  mixta  lachrymis  et  suspiriis^ 
'twixt  tears  and  sighs,  I  write  this  (I  take  love  to  witness)  saith 
E  Chelidonia  to  Philonius.      Lumina  quee  modo  fulmina,  jam 


*  Dial.  Ital.  Argcnfum  ut  paleas  projiciebat.  Biliosum  habui  amatorem  qui  supples 
flexis  genibus,  &c.  Nullus  recens  allatus  lerrse  fructus,  nullum  cupediarara  genus  tam 
carum  erat,  nullum  vinum  Creticum  pretiosum,  quin  ad  me  ferret  illico ;  credo  alteruni 
oculum  pignori  daturus,  &c.  b  Post  musicam  opiperas  epulas,  et  tantis  jnramentis, 

donis,  &c.         cNunquam  aliquis  umbrarnm  conjurator  tanta  attentione,  tamque  poten- 
tibus  verbis  usus  est,  quam  ille  exquisitis  niihi  dictis,  &c.  <•  Chaucer.  «  Ah 

cnideie  genus  nee  tutum  fcemina  Bomen  !  Tibul.  1.  3.  eleg.  4.  f  Jovianus  Pou. 

?  Aristifinetus  lib.  %  epist.  13. 


2h2  Luoe-Jllelanchoiy.  [Pait.  3.  Sec.  2. 

flnmina  lachrymarum,  those  burning  torches  are  now  turn'd 
to  floods  of  tears.  Aretines  Lucretia,  when  her  sweet  heart 
came  to  town ''wept  in  his  hosome,  that  he  might  he  persicaded 
those  tears  ^cere  shed  for  joy  e  of  his  return.  Quartilla  in  Pe- 
tronius,  when  nought  would  more,  fell  a  weeping ;  and  as 
Balthazar  Castilio  paints  them  out,  ^  To  these  crocodiles  tears, 
they  K- ill  add  sobs,  Jiery  sir/hs,  and  sorroufil  countenance; 
pale  colour,  leanness;  and  if  you  do  but  stir  abroad^  these 
fiends  are  ready  to  meet  you  at  every  turn,  with  such  a  sluttish 
netjlected  habit,  dejected  look,  as  if  they  were  now  ready  to  dye 
for  your  sake ;  and  hotc,  saith  he,  shall  a  yong  novice  thus  be- 
set, escape?  But  beleeve  them  not. 

animam  ne  crede  puellis, 


Namque  est  foeminea  tutior  imda  fide. 

Thou  thinkest,perad  venture,  because  of  her  vows,  tears,  smiles, 
and  protestations,  slie  is  solely  thine ;  thou  hast  her  heart, 
hand,  and  affection,  when  as  indeed  there  is  no  such  matter; 
as  the  ''Spanish  bawde  said,  gaudet  ilia  habere  unumin  lecto, 
alterum  in  porta,  tertium  qui  domi  suspiret,  she  will  have  one 
sweet  heart  in  bed,  another  in  the  gate,  a  third  sighing  at  home, 
a  fourth,  &c.  Every  yong  man  she  sees  and  likes,  hath  as  much 
interest,  and  shall  as  soon  enjoy e  her  as  thy  self.  On  the  other 
side,  which  I  have  said,  men  are  as  false,  let  them  swear,  pro- 
test and  lye ; 

*  Quod  vobis  dicunt,  dixeruut  mille  puellis. 

They  love,  some  of  them,  those  eleven  thousand  virgins  at 
once;  and  make  them  believe,  each  particular,  he  is  besotted 
on  her ;  or  love  one  till  they  see  another,  and  then  her  alone : 
like  Milos  wife  in  Apuleius,  lib.  2.  Si  quem  conspexerit  spe- 
ciosw  formcB  juvenem,  venustate  ejus  sumitur,  et  in  eum  ani- 
mum  intorquet.  'Tis  their  common  complement  in  that  case  ; 
they  care  not  what  they  swear,  say,  or  do.  One  while  they 
slight  them,  care  not  for  them,  rail  down  right,  and  scoffe  at 
them  ;  and  then  again  they  will  run  mad,  hang  themselves, 
stab  and  kill,  if  they  may  not  injoye  them.  Henceforth 
therefore, 

nulla  viro  juranti  foemina  credat, 

let  not  maids  beleeve  them.     These  tricks  and  counterfeit  pas- 

»  Suaviter  flebam,  ut  persuasuir.  liabeat  lachrymas  pra'  gaudio  illiiis  reditus  mihi  ema- 
nare.  t-Lib.  3.     His  accedunt,  vultus  subtristis,  color  pallidiis,  preniebiinda  vox, 

ignita  suspiria,  lachryniac  prope  imiiiiuerahiles.  Fsta:  se  pfatiin  unibriP  olTeriint  tanto 
sqaalore,  el  in  onini  fere  diverticulo,  tanta  marie,  ut  illas  janijani  inpribiindaii  putes. 
c  Frtronius.  i  Cock stiua act.  7.  Barthio  interpre  1.      (Jinmbus  arndet,  ct  a  singulis 

amari  se  solam  dicit.  =  Ovid. 


Mem,  3.  Subs.  4.]         Aitijicial  AUaremenls.  283 

sions  are  more  familiar  with  women,  ^finem  hie  dolori faciei  aid 
r/^f-e  c?ie5,»«"serereawiawifis,  quoth  Phsedra to Hippolitus.  Joessa 
in  t-  Lucian  told  Pythias  a  yong  man,  to  move  him  the  more, 
that  if  he  would  not  have  her,  she  was  resolv'd  to  makeavvay  her 
self.  There  is  a  Nemesis,  and  it  cannot  chuse  but  (jrieve  and 
trouble  thee,  to  hear  that  I  have  either  strangled  or  drowned 
my  self  for  thy  sake.  Nothing  so  common  to  this  sexe,  as 
oathes,  vows,  and  protestations ;  and  as  I  have  already  said, 
tears,  which  they  have  at  command :  for  they  can  so  weep, 
that  one  would  think,  their  very  hearts  were  dissolved  within 
them,  and  would  come  out  in  tears,  their  eys  are  like  rocks, 
which  still  drop  water,  diarice  lachrymcE  et  sudoris  in  moduni 
turyeri  promptce,  saith  '^Aristsenetus,  they  wipe  away  their 
tears  like  sweat ;  weep  with  one  eye,  laugh  with  the  other ; 
or  as  children  ''  weep  and  cry,  they  can  both  together. 

^  Neve  puellarum  lachrymis  moveare  memento, 
Ut  flerent  oculos  erudiere  sues. 

Care  not  for  womens  tears,  I  counsel  thee, 
They  teach  their  eys  as  much  to  weep  as  see. 

And  as  much  pitty  is  to  be  taken  of  a  woman  weeping,  as  of  a 
goose  going  bare-foot.  When  Venus  lost  her  son  Cupid, 
she  sent  a  cryer  about,  to  bid  every  one  that  met  him  take 
heed. 

^  Si  flentem  aspicias,  ne  mox  fallare,  caveto ; 
Sin  arridebit,  magis  effuge  ;  et  oscula  si  fors 
Ferre  volet,  fiigito  :  sunt  oscula  noxia,  in  ipsis 
Suntque  venena  labris,  &c. 

Take  heed  of  Cupids  tears,  if  cautelous, 
And  of  his  smiles  and  kisses  I  thee  tell, 
If  that  he  offer't,  for  they  be  noxious. 
And  every  poyson  in  his  lips  doth  dwell. 

?  A  thousand  years,  as  Castillo  conceives,  will  scarce  serve  to 
reckon  up  those  allurements  and  guiles,  that  men  and  icomen 
use  to  deceive  one  another  with. 


=>Seneca.     Hippol.  •'Tom.  4.  dial,  me  ret.     Tii  vero  aliquando  mcnrore 

afticieris  ubi  audieris  me  a  meips&laqueo  fui  caiisA  suffocatam  autin  puteiim  praecipita- 
tam.  c  Epist.  20.  1.  2.  <*  Matronaj  flent  duobus  oculis,  moniales  qiiatuor, 

virgines  uno,  meretrices  nullo.  <^Ovid.  'Imagines  Deorum  fol.  332.  e 

Moschi  amore  fugitivo,  quem  Politianus  Latiniim  fecit,  s  Lib.  3.    Mille  vix  anni 

suSicerent  ad  oriines  illas  machinationes,  dolosqiie  commcmoraudos,  quos  viri  et  muli- 
eres  utse  invicem  cirruiuveuianf,  excogitare  soleat. 


284  '  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  % 

SUBSECT.  V. 

Bawdes,  Philters^  causes. 

W  HEN  all  other  en^^ins  fail,  that  they  can  'proceed  no  far- 
ther of  themselves,  their  last  refuge  is  to  fly  to  bawdes,  pan- 
ders, magical  philters,  and  receipts  ;  rather  then  fail,  to  the 
divel  himself. 

Flectere  si  nequeunt  Superos,  Acheronta  movebunt. 
And  by  those  indirect  means,  many  a  man  is  overcome,  and 
precipitated  into  this  malady,  if  he  take  not  good  heed.  For 
these  bawdes  first :  they  are  every  where  so  common,  and  so 
many,  that  as  he  said  of  old  Croton,  "  omnes  hie  ant  captantur, 
aut  captant,  eather  iiiveagle  or  be  inveagled,  we  may  say  of 
most  of  our  cities,  there  be  so  many  professed,  cunning  bawdes 
in  them.  Besides,  bawdry  is  become  an  art,  or  a  liberal  sci- 
ence, as  Lucian  calls  it;  and  there  be  such  tricks  and  subtle- 
tics,  so  many  nurses,  old  women,  panders,  letter-carriers, 
beggers,  physicians,  friers,  confessors,  employed  about  it, 
that  niillus  tradere  stylus  sufficiat,  one  saith, 

btrecentis  versibus 

Suas  impuritias  traloqui  nemo  potest. 

Such  occultnotes,  stenography,  polygraphy,  Nuntinsanimatus, 
ormagnetical  telling  of  their  minds,  which  *^Cabeus  the  Jesuit, 
by  the  way,  counts  fabulous  and  false;  cunning  conveyances 
in  this  kinde,  that  neither  Junos  jealousie,  norDanJies  custody, 
nor  Argos  vigilancy  can  keep  them  safe.  'Tis  the  last  and 
common  refuge  to  use  an  assistant,  such  as  that  Catanean 
Philippa  was  to  Jone  queen  of  Naples;  a''baAvdes  help,  an  old 
woman  in  the  business,  as  ^Myrrha  did  when  she  doted  on 
Cyniras,  and  could  not  compass  her  desire,  the  old  jade  her 
nurse  was  ready  at  a  pinch  ;  die  inquit,  opemqve  mesineferre 

till et  in  hac  mea  {pone  timorem)  sedulitas  erit  apta  tibi, 

fear  it  not,  if  it  be  be  possible  to  be  done,  I  will  effect  it ;  nan 
est  mulieri  mulier  hisuperahilis,  as  ^  Cselestina  said  ;  let  him 
or  her  be  never  so  honest,  watched,  and  reserved,  'tis  hard 
but  one  of  these  old  women  will  get  access  :  and  scarce  shall 
you  find,  as  ^Austin  observes,  in  a  nunnery,  a  maid  alone;  ij' 


»  Petronius.  b  Plautus  Tritemius.  "^^  De  Magnet.  Philos.  lib.  4. 

cap.  10.  "i  Catul.  eleg.  5.  lib.  1.  Venit  in  exitium  callida  lena  nieum.  e  Ovid. 

10.  met.  fParobosc.  Barthii.  e  De  vit.  Erem.  c.  3.  ad  .sororem. 

Vix  aliquam  reclnsarurn  hnjus  teniporis  solam  inveniens,  ante  cujus  fenestram  non  anus 
garrnla,  vel  nugigerula  mulier  sedet^  quas  earn  fabulis  occupet,  runioribus  pascat,  hujus 
vel  illius  luonachi,  &c. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  5.]         Artijicial  Allurements.  285 

she  cannot  have  egress,  before  her  windoui  you  shall  have  an 
old  it'oman,  or  soine  pratinc/  gossip,  tell  her  some  tales  of  this 
clerk,  and  that  monk,  describing  or  commending  some  gong 
gentleman  or  other  unto  her.  As  T  was  walking-  in  the  street 
(saith  a  good  fellow  in  Petronius)  to  see  the  town  served  one 
evening,  */  spied  anold  icoman  in  a  corner,  selling  of  cabbages 
and  roots  (as  our  hucksters  do  plums,  apples,  and  such  like 
fruits;  mother  (quoth  he)  can  you  tell  where  I  dwell ?  she 
being  well  pleased  with  my  foolish  urbanity,  replied,  andtchy, 
sir,  should  I  not  tell  ?  with  that  she  rose  up  and  ice7it  before 
me ;  I  took  her  for  a  tcise  icoman  ;  and  by  and  by  she  led  me 
into  a  by-lane,  and  told  me  there  I  should  dwell;  I  reply ed 
again,  I  knew  not  the  house  ;  but  I  perceived  on  a  sudden  by 
the  naked  queans,  that  I  teas  noic  come  into  a  baicdy-house  ; 
and  then  too  late,  1  began  to  curse  the  treachery  of  this  old 
jade.  Such  tricks  you  shall  have  in  many  places,  and  amonost 
the  rest,  it  is  ordinary  in  Venice,  and  in  the  island  of  Zante, 
for  a  man  to  be  bawde  to  his  own  wife.  No  sooner  shall  you 
land,  or  come  on  shore,  but  as  the  comical  poet  hath  it, 

^  Morem  hunc  meretrices  habent. 
Ad  portum  mittunt  servulos,  ancillulas, 
Si  qua  peregrina  navis  in  portum  aderit, 
Rogant  cujatis  sit,  quod  ei  nomen  siet, 
Post  iilee  extemplo  sese  applicant. 

These  white  divels  have  their  panders,  bawdes  and  factors  in 
every  place,  to  seek  about,  and  bring-  m  customers :  to  tempt, 
and  way-lay  novices  and  silly  travellers.  And  when  they  have 
them  once  within  their  clutches,  as  ^Egidius  Maserius  in  his 
comment  upon  Valerius  Flaccus  describes  them,  "=  icith  pro- 
mises and  pleasant  discourse,  icith  gifts,  tokens,  and  taking 
their  opportunities,  they  lay  nets  zchich  Lucretia  cannot  avoid ; 
and  baits  that  HippoUtus  himself  icould  swallow  :  they  make 
such  strong  assaults  andbatteries,that  the  Goddess  of  Virginity 
cannot  withstand  them:  give  gifts,  and  bribes  to  move  Pene- 
lope, and  with  threats  able  to  terrifie  Susanna.  How  many 
Proserpinas  xcith  those  catchpoles  doth  Pluto  take  ?-   These  are 


a  Agreste  olus  anus  vendebat,  et  rogo,  inquam,  mater,  nunquid  scis  ubi  ego  habitem? 
delectata  ilia  urbanitate  tam  stulta,  et,  quid  nesciam?inquit  :  consnrrexitque  et  ccepit 
me  pr«cedere  ;  divinam  ego  patabam,  &:c.  nudas  video  meretrices  et  in  lupanarme  ad- 
ductum,  sero  execratus  anicnla;  insidias.  b  Plaiitus  Menech.        cProraissis  ever- 

berant,  molliunt  dulciloqiiiis,  et  opportunnm  tempus  aucupantes  laqaeos  ingerunt  quos 
vix  Lucretia  \itaret;  escam  parant  quam  vel  satnr  Hippolitus  sumeret,  &.-C.  Hse  sane 
sunt  virgse  soporifera  quibus  contactas  animfe  ad  Orcum  descendunt ;  hoc  gluten  quo 
compacts  mentium  alae  evolare  nequeunt,  daemonis  ancillae,  quse  sollicitant,  8cc. 


2S6  Luve-Melanckohi.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

tlip  sleep}/  ro(h,  with  which  their  souls  fondo'd,  descend  to  hell; 
this  the  (flew  or  lime  with  which  the  irinc/x  nj'  the  mindc  once 
take)!,  cannot  Jlije  away ;  the  divels  ministers  to  allnre^  entise, 
cVc.  Many  yong'  men  and  maids,  without  all  question,  are  in- 
veagled  by  these  Eumonides  and  their  associates.  But  these 
are  trivial  and  well  known.  The  most  slye,  dangerous,  and 
runnino;-  bawdes,  are  your  knavish  physicians,  empyricks, 
mass-priests,  monks,  ''Jesuits,  and  friers.  Though  it  be 
against  Hippocrates  oath,  some  of  them  will  give  a  dram, 
promise  to  restore  maidenheads,  and  do  it  without  danger ; 
make  an  abort  if  need  be,  keep  down  their  paps,  hinder  con- 
ception, procure  lust,  make  them  able  with  Satyrions,  and  now 
and  then  step  in  theiuselves.  No  monastery  so  close,  house 
so  private,  or  prison  so  well  kept,  but  these  honest  men  are 
admitted  to  censure  and  ask  questions;  to  feel  their  pulse,  be 
at  their  bed  side,  and  all  under  pretence  of  giving  physick. 
Now  as  for  monks,  confessors,  and  friers,  as  he  said, 

^  Non  audet  Stygius  Pluto  tentare  quod  audet 
EflTrenis  monaclius,  plenaque  fraudis  anus. 

That  Stygian  Pluto  dares  not  tempt  or  do, 
What  an  old  hag  or  monk  will  undergo  : 

Either  for  himself  to  satisfie  his  own  lust ;  for  another,  if  he  be 
hired  thereto  ;  or  both  at  once,  having  such  excellent  means. 
For  under  colour  of  visitation,  auricular  confession,  comfort 
and  penance,  they  have  free  egress  and  regress,  and  corrupt, 
God  knows,  how  many.  They  can  use  trades  some  of  them, 
practise  physick,  use  exorcisms,  &c. 

•^  Cljrtt  hjljcrf«5  inatf  toont  to  foalS  an  tiit, 
®|)cre  noto  toaXfe^  tjje  Iimiter  SCmScUf , 
$n  tbtrp  buslj  anlt  nwHtv  tbern  tree, 
^txt  nrctts  no  otlj^r  incuiius  t»ut  jb? • 

'^  In  the  mountains  betwixt  Dauphine  and  Savoy,  the  friers  per- 
swaded  the  good  wives  to  counterfeit  themselves  possessed, 
that  their  husbands  might  give  them  free  access ;  and  were  so 
familiar  in  those  dayes  with  some  of  them,  that,  as  one  "  ob- 
serves, wenches  could  not  sleep  in  their  beds  for  necromantick 
friers:  and  the  good  abbess,  in  Bocace,  may  in  some  sort 
witness,  that  rising  betimes,  mistook  and  put  on  the  friers 
breeches  instead  of  her  vail  or  hat.     You  have  heard  the  story, 


*See  the  practires  of  the  Jesuits,  Anglice  edit  1630.  •>  ^n.  Silv.        <^  Chancer 

iu  tlie  wilV  of  Bath's  tile.  J  H.  Stephanas  Apol.  Herod,  lib.  1.  cap.  21. 

'Bale.     Piieliai  io  lectin  dormire  non  poterant 


Mem.  3.  Suj)s.  5.J         Artificial  Allurements.  287 

I  presume,  of -^ Paulina,  a  chaste  matron  in ^gesippus,  whom 
one  of  Isis  priests  did  prostitute  to  Mundas  a  youg-  knight,  and 
made  her  beleeve  it  was  their  god  Anubis.  Many  such  pranks 
are  phiyed  by  our  Jesuits;  sometimes  in  their  own  habits, 
sometimes  in  others,  like  souldiers,  courtiers,  citizens,  scbol- 
lars,  gallants,  and  women  themselves.  Proteus  like,  in  all 
forms  and  disguises,  that  go  abroad  in  the  night,  to  inescate 
and  beguile  yong  women,  or  to  have  their  pleasure  of  other 
men's  wives:  and  if  we  may  believe ''some  relations,  they  have 
wardrobs  of  several  suits  in  their  colledges  for  that  purpose. 
Howsoever,  in  publike,  they  pretend  much  zeal,  seem  to  be 
very  holy  men,  and  bitterly  preach  against  adultery,  fornica- 
tion, there  are  no  verier  bawdesor  wlioremasters  in  a  country; 
Whose  souls  they  should  gain  to  God,  they  sacrifice  to  the 
divel.     But  I  spare  these  men  for  the  present. 

The  last  battering  engins,  are  philters,  amulets,  spells, 
charms,  images,  and  such  unlawful  means ;  if  they  cannot 
prevail  of  themselves  by  the  help  of  bawds,  panders,  and 
tlieir  adherents,  they  will  Hy  for  succour  to  the  divel  himselK 
J  know  there  be  those  that  deny  the  divil  can  do  any  such 
thing,  (Crato,  epist.  2.  lib.  vied.)  and  many  divines,  that  there 
is  no  other  fascination  then  that  which  comes  by  the  eys,  of 
which  I  have  formerly  spoken  ;  and  if  you  desire  to  be  better 
informed,  read  Camerarius  oper.  subcis.  cent.  2.  c.  5.  It  was 
given  out  of  old,  that  a  Thessalian  wench  had  bewitched  king- 
Phillip  to  dote  upon  her,  and  by  philters  enforced  his  love  ; 
but  when  Olympia  the  queen  saw  the  maid  of  an  excellent 
beauty,  well  brought  up,  and  qualified  :  These,  quoth  she, 
were  the  philters  which  inveagled  king  Phillip;  those  the  true 
charms,  as  Henry  to  Rosamund : 

^  One  accent  from  thy  lips,  the  blood  more  warms, 
Then  all  their  philters,  exorcisms  and  charms. 

With  this  alone  Lucretia  brags  in '^Aretine,  she  could  do  more 
then  all  philosophers,  astrologers,  alchymists,  necromancers, 
witches,  and  the  rest  of  the  crew.  As  for  hearbs  and  phil- 
ters, I  could  never  skill  of  them.  The  sole  philter  that  ever 
£  used,  was  kissing  and  embracing,  by  which  alone  I  made 
men  rave  like  beasts  stupijied,  and  compelled  them  to  worship 
me  like  an  idol.      In  our  times  'tis  a  common  thing,  saith 


^^Idem  Josephiis  lib.  18.  cap.  4.         ''4  Liber  edit.  Augustse  Vindelicorum  An.  1608, 
e  Qaarum  animas  lucrari  debent  Deo,  sacrificant  diabolo.  ''M.  Drayton  Her. 

epist.  e  Pornodidascalo  dial.  Ital.  Latin,  fact,  a  Gasp.  Barthio.     Plus  possum 

quam  omnes  philosophi,  astrologi,  necromantici,  &c.  sola  saliva  inungens.  1.  amplexu 
et  basiis  tam  furiose  furere,  tam  bestialiter  obstupefieri  coegi,  ut  instar  idoli  me  ado- 
rarint. 


^88  Love-Melanrhohj.  [Part.  ;}.  Sec.  2. 

Krastii>;  in  his  book  de  Lamiis,  for  witches  to  take  upon  tlieni 
the  making-  of  these  philters,  "  to  force  men  and  women  to  love 
<ind  hate  whom  theij  will ;  to  cause  tempests,  diseases,  ^-c.  by 
charms,  spels,  characters,  knots. 

''  hie  Thessala  vendit  philtra, 

S*.  Hierome  proves  that  they  can  do  it,  (as  in  Ililarius  life, 
epist.  lib.  3.)  he  hath  a  story  of  a  yong-  man,  that  with  a 
pliilter  made  a  maid  mad  for  the  Jove  of  him  ;  m  hich  maid  was 
after  cured  by  Ililarian.  Such  instances  I  finde  in  John  Nider, 
Formicar.  lib.  5.  cap.  5.  Plutarch  records  of  Lucullus  that  he 
died  of  a  philter ;  and  that  Cleopatra  used  philters  to  inveao-Ie 
Anthony,  amonjrst  other  allurements.  Eusebius  reports  as 
much  of  Lucretius  the  poet.  Panormitan.  lib.  4.  de  r/est.  .41- 
phonsi,  hath  a  story  of  one  Stephan  a  Neapolitan  knight,  that 
l)y  a  philter  was  forced  to  run  mad  for  love.  But  of  all  others, 
that  which  "Petrarch  epist.  Jamil,  lib.  1.  ep.  5.  relates  of  Charls 
tbe  great,  is  most  memorable  :  He  foolishly  doted  upon  a 
■woman  of  mean  favour  and  condition,  many  years  together  ; 
wholly  delighting-  in  her  company,  to  the  great  grief  and  in- 
dignation othis  friends  and  followers.  When  she  was  dead,  he 
did  embrace  her  corps,  as  Apollo  did  the  bay-tree,  for  his 
Daphne,  and  caused  her  coffin  (richly  embalmed  and  decked 
with  jewels)  to  be  canied  about  with  him,  over  which  he  still 
lamented.  At  last  a  venerable  bishop  that  folloAved  his  court, 
pray'd  earnestly  to  God  (commiseratino-  his  lord  and  masters 
case)  to  know  the  true  cause  of  this  mad  passion,  and  whence 
it  proceeded;  it  was  revealed  to  him,  in  fine,  that  the  cause 
of  the  emperors  mad  love  lai/  under  the  dead  womans  tongue. 
The  bishop  went  hastily  to  the  carkas,  and  took  a  small 
ring-  thence ;  upon  the  removal,  the  emperour  abhorr'd  the 
corse,  and  instead '' of  it,  fell  as  furiously  in  love  with  the 
bishop;  he  would  not  suffer  him  to  be  out  of  his  presence  : 
which  when  the  bishop  perceived,  he  flung  the  ring  into  the 
midst  of  a  great  lake,  where  the  king  then  >vas.  From  that 
houre  the  emperour  neglecting  all  his  other  houses,  dwelt  at 
e  Ache,  built  a  fair  house  in  the  midst  of  the  marsh,  to  his 
infinite  expence,  and  a  ^temple  by  it,  where  after  he  was 
buried,  and  in  which  city  all  his  posterity  ever  since  use  to  be 


»Saga;  omnes  sibi  arrogant  notitiam,  et  facultatem  in  araorera  allicifndi  qnos  velint; 
odia  inter  conjuges  serendi,  tempestates  excitandi,  morbos  infligendi,  &;c.  b  Juve- 

nalis  Sat.  "^  Idpra  refert  Hen.  Kornmanniis  de  mir.  mort  lib.  1.  cap.  14. 

Perdite  amavit  mnlierculam  quandam,  illiu.s  ampleiibns  acquiescens,  snmraa  cum  in- 
difjnatione  siiornin  et  dolore.  ^  Et  inde  totns  in  episcopnm  furere  iilum  colere. 

*  Aqui.ssranum,  vulgo  Aixe.  f  Imnienso  suraptu  templum  et  sedes,  8cc. 


Mem.  3.  Subs.  5.]       Aitificial  AUuremeuts.  289 

crowned.  Marcus  the  heretick  is  accused  by  Irenseus  to  have 
inveagled  a  yong  maid  by  this  means;  and  some  writers  speak 
hardly  of  the  lady  Eleanor  Cobham,  that  by  the  saino*art, 
she  circumvented  Humphrey  duke  of  Giocester  to  be  her  hus- 
band. Sycinius  iEmilianus  summoned  "^  Apuieius  to  come  be- 
fore Cneius  Maximus,  proconsul  of  Africk,  that  he  being  a 
poor  fellow,  had  bewitched  by  philters,  Pudentilla,  an  ancient 
rich  matron  to  love  him;  and  being  worth  so  many  thousand 
sesterces,  to  be  his  wife.  A^-rippa,  lib.  1.  ca/?.  48.  occult. phi- 
los.  attributes  much  in  this  kinde  to  philters,  amulets,  images  : 
and  Salmutz.  com.  in  Pancirol.  Tit.  10.  de  Uorol.  Leo  Afer. 
lib.  3.  saith,  'tis  an  ordinary  practice  at  Fez  in  Africk, |>/ve.9/f- 
giatores  ibi  plures,  qui  cogunt  amores  et  concubitns  :  as  skil- 
ful all  out  as  that  Hyperborean  magitian,  of  whom  Cleodemus, 
in  ''Lucian,  tells  so  many  fine  feats,  performed  in  this  kind. 
But  Erastus,  Wierus,and  others,  are  against  it;  they  grant,  in- 
deed, such  things  may  be  done,  but  (as  Wierus  discourseth, 
lib.  3.  de  Lamiis  cap.  37.)  not  by  charms,  incantations, 
philters,  but  the  divel  himself;  lib.  5.  cap.  2.  he  contends  as 
much  ;  so  doth  Freitagius  noc.  med.  cap.  74.  Andreas  Cisalpi- 
nus  cap.  5.  and  so  much  Sigismuudus  Schereczius  cap.  i).  de 
hirco  nocturno,  proves  at  large.  ^  Unchast  women  by  the 
help  of  these  witches,  the  divels  kitchen  maids,  have  their 
loves  brought  to  them  in  the  night,  and  carried  back  again  by  a 
phantasm,  flying  in  the  air.,  in  the  likeness  of  a  goat.  I  have 
heard  (saith  he)  divers  confess,  that  they  have  been  so  carried 
on  a  goats  back  to  their  siceet  hearts,  many  miles  in  a  night. 
Others  are  of  opinion  that  these  feats,  which  most  suppose  to 
be  done  by  charms  and  philters,  are  raeerly  effected  by  natural 
causes  ;  as,  by  mans  blood  chimically  prepared,  which  much 
avails,  saith  Ernestus  Burgranius,  in  Lucernd  vitce  et  mortis 
Indice,  ad  amorem  conciliandum  et  odium,  (so  huntsmen 
make  their  dogs  love  them,  and  farmers  their  pullen)  'tis  an 
excellent  philter,  as  he  holds  ;  sedvulgo  prodere  grande  tipfas, 
but  not  fit  to  be  made  common :  and  so  be  mala  insana,  man- 
drake roots,  mandrake  '^  apples,  pretious  stones,  dead  mens 
cloaths,  candles,  mala  bacchica,  panis  porcinus,  Hippo' 
manes,  a  certain  hair  in  a  «  wolfs  tail,  &c.  of  which  Rhasis, 
Dioscorides,  Porta,  Wecker,  Rubeus,  Mizaldus,  Albertus, 
treate ;  a  swallows  heart,  dust  of  a  doves  heart,  multum  va- 


"'  a  Apolog.     Quod  Padentillam  viduam  ditem  et  provectloris  aetatia  foerainam  can- 
taminibus  in  amorem  sui  peljexissit.  b  Philopsendo,  Tom.  3.  c  Im- 

pudicse  muiieres  opera  veneficarum,  diaboli  coqnarum,  amatores  siios  ad  se  noctu 
ducunt  et  reducunt,  ministerio  hirci  in  acre  volantis  ;  multos  novi  qui  hoc  fassi  sunt,  &c. 

d  Mandrake  apples,  Lemnius  lib.  herb.  bib.  c.  2.      «  Of  which  read  Phn.  lib.  S. 

cap.  22.  et  lib.  13.  c.  25.  et  Quintiliam  lib.  7- 


VOL.  n. 


V 


290  Love-Melancholy,  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

lent  f}nf/u(r  viperarum,cerebella  ashiorum,  tela  equina, palliola 
anihtis  inf'nnfes  ohvolnti  iinnrmitur,  funis  sfranf/nlnti  fiominis, 
lapis  (l(>  nido  aqnilcc,  S^-c.  See  more  in  Sckenkius,  observat. 
medicinal,  lib-  4.  S^c.  which  are  as  forcible,  and  of  as  much 
vertuc,  as  that  fountain  Sahuacis  in  '^Vitruvius,  Ovid,  Strabo, 
that  made  all  such  mad  for  love  that  drank  of  it;  or  that  hot 
Ijath  at  ^Aix  in  Germany,  wherein  Cupid  once  dipt  his  arrows, 
which  ever  since  hath  a  peculiar  vertue  to  make  lovers  all  that 
wash  in  it.     But  hear  the  poets  own  description  of  it : 

Unde  hie  fervor  aquis  terra  erumpentibus  uda  ? 

Tela  oiim  hie  ludens  ingnea  tinxit  Amor ; 
Et  gaudens  stridore  novo,  Fen'ete  perennes, 

Inquit,  et  hsec  pharetrae  sint  monumenta  meae. 
Ex  illo  fenet,  ramsque  hie  mergitur  hospes, 

Cui  non  titillet  pectora  blandus  Amor, 

These  above-named  remedies  have,  happily,  as  much  power  as 
that  bath  of  Aix,  or  Venus  inchanted  girdle  ;  in  which,  saith 
"  Natales  Comes,  love-toyes  and  dalliance,  pleasantness,  sweet- 
ness, persicasion,  subtilties,  (jentle  speeches  and  all  witchcraft 
to  enforce  love,  was  contained.  Read  more  of  these  in  Agrippa 
de  occult.  Philos.  lib.  1.  cap.  50.  et  45.  Malleus  malefic, 
part.  I.  quojst.  7.  Delrio  torn.  2.  qucest.  3.  lib.  3.  Wierus, 
Pomponatius,  cap.  8.  de  incantat.  Ficinius  lib.  13.  Theol. 
Plat.  Calcarpiinus,  SfC. 


MEMB.  IV.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Sijinplomes  or  sif/ns  of  Love- Melancholy  ;  in  Body,  Minde  ; 
yood,  bad,  ^-c. 

SyMPTOMES  are  either  of  body  or  minde:  of  body; 
paleness,  leanness,  driness,  &c.  ''  Pallidus  omnis  amans, 
color  hie  est  aptns  amanti,  as  the  poet  describes  lovers :  fecit 
amor  maciem,  love  causeth  leanness.  ^  Avicenna  de  Ilishi 
c.  33.  makes  holloio  cys,  driness,  symptomes  of  this  disease, 
to  ffo  smilinq  to  themselves,  or  acting  as  if  they  saw  or  heard 
some  delectable  object.     Valleriola,   lib.  2.  observcet.  cap.  7. 

=iLib.  11.  c.  8.     Venere  implicat  eos,  qui  ex  eo  bibnnt.    Idem  Ov.  Met.  4.    Strabo. 
Oeog.  1.  14.  •'Lod.  Guicciardinis  descript.  Ger.  in  Aquisgrano.  <=Bal- 

thens  Veneris,  in  quo  sua  vitas,  etdiilcia  colloquia,  benevolentisE.etblanditiae,  suasiones, 
fraiides  et  veneficia  iDcliidph;iiitiir.  '  d  Ovid.    Facit  hnnc  amor  ipse  colo- 

rem.    Met.  4.  'S-.'-ia  ejus  sunt  profundifas  oniloruin,  privatio  lachrymanira, 

suspiria,  sKpe  rident  sm,  '-■.  >i  quid  dtlf ctubile  viderent,  aiit  audirent. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.l.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  291 

Laurentius  cap.  10.  ^lianus  Montaltus  de  Her,  amore.  Lan- 
gius  epist.  24.  lib.  I.  epist.  med.  deliver  as  much  ;  corpus  ex- 
sang  ue  pallet,  corpus  gracile,  oculi  cavi,  lean,  pale  ; 

ut  nudis  qui  pressit  calcibus  anguem. 


hollow  ey'd,  their  eys  are  hidden  in  their  heads ; 

a  Tenerque  nitidi  corporis  cecidit  decor ; 

They  pine  away,  and  look  ill  with  waking,  cares,  sighs, 

Et  qui  tenebant  signa  Phoebese  facis 
Oculi,  nihil  gentile  necpatrium  micant. 

With  groans,  griefs,  sadness,  dulness, 

b  Nulla  jam  Cereris  subit 

Cura  aut  salutis, 

want  of  appetite,  &c.  A  reason  of  all  this,  *=  Jason  Pratensis 
gives;  because  of  the  distraction  of  the  spirits,  the  liver  doth 
not  perform  his  part,  nor  turns  the  aliment  into  bloud  as  it 
ought  ;  and  for  that  cause,  the  members  are  weak  for  want  of 
sustenance  ;  they  are  lean  and  pine,  as  the  hearbs  of  my  gar- 
den do  this  month  of  May,  for  want  of  rain.  The  green  sick- 
ness, therefore,  often  happeneth  to  yong  women;  a  cachexia 
or  an  evil  habit  to  men;  besides  their  ordinary  sighs,  com- 
plaints and  lamentations,  which  are  too  frequent.  As  drops 
from  a  still, 

— — ut  occluso  stillat  ab  igne  liquor, 
doth  Cupids  fire  provoke  tears  from  a  true  lovers  eys, 

•1  The  mighty  Mars  did  oft  for  Vemis  shreek, 
Privily  moistning  his  horrid  cheek 

With  womanish  tears, 

e  ignis  distillat  in  undas. 

Testis  erit  largus  qui  rigat  ora  liquor, 

with  many  suchlike  passions.  When  Chariclea  was  enamored 
on  Theagines,  as  '^Heliodorus  sets  her  out,  she  was  half  dis- 
tracted, and  spake  she  knew  not  what  ;  sighed  to  herself,  lay 
much  awake,  and  was  lean  upon  a  sudden  ;  and  when  she  was 
besotted  on  her  son-in-law,  ^  pallor  deformis,  marcentes  oculi, 


*■  a  Seneca  Hip.  •>  Seneca  Hip.  «  De  morbis  cerebri  de  erot. 

amore.  Ob  spirituum  distractiohem  hepar  officio  suo  non  fungitur,  nee  vertit  ali- 
mentum  in  sanguinem,  ut  debeat.  Ergo  membra  debilia,  et  penuria  alibilis  succi  mar- 
cescunt,  sqiialentque  ut  herbse  in  horto  raeo  hoc  mense  Maio  Zerisca?,  ob  imbrium 
defectum.  d  Faery  Queen  1.  3.  cant.  11.  «  Amator.  Emblem.  3. 

f  Lib.  4.  Animo  errat,  et  quid  vis  obvium  loquitur,  vigilias  absque  canssa  sustinet,  et 
SHccum  corporis  subito  aniisit.  S  Apuleius. 

u  2 


2.92  Love-Mfilancholif.  [Fart.  3.  Sec.  2. 

^•c.slio  had  u£>ly  palonr.j*^^,  hollow  oys,  restless  thoiiivlits,  short 
wind,  &c.  Eiirialus,  in  nu  epistle  sent  to  Lucrclia  his  mis- 
tress, complains  amongst  otiier  g-ritHanccs,  tu  mild  et  sovud 
el  cibi  ifsnm  abshi/Js/i,  thou  hast  taken  my  stomack  and  my 
sleep  from  me.     So  he  describes  it  aright ; 

^  W^  Slcrp,  Iji^  meat,  Ijf^  Urinlt,  (^  him  bndt, 
Ci)at  Iran  Ijc  tuavetlj,  anlJ  trri)  ai  a.  slijaft, 
W^  t0  ijoUolu  ana  $iiiUj  to  ficijolU, 
ii?isi  fjciu  paU  anti  a^Jjen  to  uufoltr, 
^nlf  5olttar»  Ijc  iua5  fber  alone, 
SnU  lualu'ns  all  tljc  ni$ijt,  nmhinc;  mont. 

Theocritus  ^'t////.  2.  makes  a  fair  maid  of  Delphos  in  love  with 
a  yong  man  of  Minda,  confess  as  much  ; 

Ut  vidi  ut  insanii,  ut  animus  mlhi  male  afFectus  est, 
Miserae  milii  forma  tabescebat,  neque  amplius  pompam 
Ullam  curabam,  aut  quando  domum  redieiam 
Novi,  sed  me  ardens  quidam  morbus  consumebat. 
Decubui  in  lecto  dies  decern,  et  noctes  deeem, 
Defluebant  capita  capilli,  ipsaque  sola  reliqua 
Ossa  et  cutis.—— — 

No  sooner  seen  I  had,  but  mad  I  was, 
My  beauty  fail'd,  and  I  no  more  did  care 
For  any  pomp;  I  knew  not  where  I  was, 
But  sick  I  was,  and  evil  1  did  fare ; 
I  lay  upon  my  bed  ten  dayes  and  nights, 
A  skeleton  I  was  in  all  mens  sights. 

All  these  passions  are  well  expressed,  by  ^  that  heroical  poet, 
in  the  person  of  Dido  ; 

At  non  infclix  animi  Phoenissa,  nee  unquam 
Solvitur  in  somnos,  oculisquc  ac  pectore  amores 
Accipit ;  ingeminant  curte,  rursusque  resurgens 
Solvit  amor,  &c. 

Unhappy  Dido  could  not  sleep  at  all, 

But  lies  awake,  and  takes  no  rest: 
And  up  she  gets  again,  whilst  care  and  grief, 

And  raging  love  torments  her  breast. 

Accius  Sanazarius  Efjloga  2.  de  Galatea,  in  the  same  man- 
ner, fains  his  Lycoris  ^tormenting  herself  for  want  of  sleep  : 
sighing,   sobbing,   and   lamenting;   and   Eustathius  in  bis 

"  Chaucer  iu  the  Knights  tale.  ''  Virg.  Mn.  4.  •  Dum  vaga  passim 

aitlera  fulgent,  nuiiierat  longas  tetricus  horas,  et  ^ollicito  nisus  cubito  »uspiraudo 
vincera  riiinpit. 


Mem.  4.  Subi?.  1.]        Symptomes  of  Love.  293 

Ismenius,  much  troubled,  and  ^panting  at  heart  at  the  sight 
of  his  mistress  ;  he  could  not  sleep ;  his  bed  was  thorns.  ''All 
make  leanness,  want  of  appetite,  want  of  sleep  ordinary 
syraptomes ;  and  by  that  means  they  are  brought  often  so  low, 
so  much  altered,  and  changed,  that  as  he  *=  he  jested  in  the 
comoedy,  one  ean  scarce  know  them  to  he  the  same  men^ 


Attenuant  juvenum  vigilatse  corpora 
Curaque,  et  immense  qui  fit  amor 


,        noctes, 
amore  dolor. 


Many  such  syraptomes  there  are  of  the  body,  to  discern 
lovers  by ; 

— — ' "^  quis  enim  bene  celet  amorem  ? 

Can  a  man,  saith  Solomon,  Piov.  6.  27.  carry  fire  in  his  bo- 
some  and  not  burn  ?  it  will  hardly  be  hid,  though  they  do  all 
they  can  to  hide  iU  it  must  out, 

plus  quam  raille  notis—  — 

it  may  be  described, 

®  Quoque  magis  tegitur,  tectus  magis  sestuat  Ignis. 

'Twas  Antiphanes  the  comoedians  observation  of  old,  love 
and  drunkenness  cannot  be  concealed,  celare  alia  possis,  hcec 
prater  duo,  vini  potum,  Sfc,  words,  looks,  gestures,  all  will 
betray  them :  but  two  of  the  most  notable  signs  are  observed 
by  the  pulse  and  countenance.     When  Antiochus  the  son  of 
Seleucus,  was  sick  for  Stratonice  his  mother-in-law%  and  would 
not  confess  his   grief,  or  the  cause  of  his  disease,  Erasi- 
stratus  the  physician  found  him,  by  his  pulse  and  counte- 
nance to  be  in  love  with  her,  ^  because,  that  when  she  came 
in  presence,  or  icas  named,  his  pulse  varied,  and  he  blushed 
besides.      In  this  very  sort,  was  the  love  of  Callicles  the  son 
of  Polycles,  discovered  by  Panacaeus  the  physician,  as  you 
may  read  the  story  at  large  in  s  Aristaenetus.      By  the  same 
signs,  Galen  brags,  that  he  found  out  Justa,  Boethius  the 
consuls  wife,  to  dote  on  Pylades  the  player  :  because  at  his 
name,  still,  she  both  altered  pulse  and  countenance,  as  ^Poly- 
archus  did  at  the  name  of  Argenis.     Franciscus  Valesius, 
1.  3.  controv.  13.  med.  contr.  denies  there  is  any  such  pulsus 
amatorius  ;  or,  that  love  may  be  so  discerned  ;  but  Avicenna 
confirms  this  of  Galen,  out  of  his  experience,  lib.  3.  Fen.  1. 

*  Saliebat  crebro  trepidum  cor  ad  aspectum  Tsmenes.  '  ''  Gordoniiis,  c.  20. 

Amittunt  saepe  cibum,  potum,  et  maceratur  inde  totum  coq)US.  'Ter.  Eiinnch. 

Dii  boni,  quid  hoc  est,  adeone  homines  mufari  ex  amore,  ut  non  cognosras  eundem 
esse!  d  Ovid.  e  Ovid.  Met.  4.  f  Ad  ejus  nomen  rubebat,  ft  ad 

aspectum  pulsus  variebatur.     Plutar.  b' Epist.  13.  hBarck.  lib.  I.     Oculi 

medico  tremore  errabant.  . 


294   .  Love-Melanchohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

and  Gordonius,  cap.  20.  »  Their  pulse^  he  saith^  is  inordinate 
and  swij't,  if  she  go  by,  whom  fie  loves.  I^angius  epist.  24. 
lib.  1.  wed.  epist.  Nevisaniis  lib.  4.  immer.  66.  syl.  nvp- 
tialis ;  Valescus  de  Taranta,  Guianerius,  traxit.  15.  Valle- 
riola  sets  down  this  tor  a  symptome,  *'  Difference  of  pulse,, 
neglect  of  business,  icant  ofsleep^  often  sighs,  blushings,  when 
there  is  any  speech  of  their  mistross,  are  manifest  signs.  But 
amongst  the  rest,  Josephus  Struthius  that  Polonian,  in  the  fift 
book  cap.  17.  of  his  doctrine  of  pulses,  holds,  that  this,  and 
all  other  passiones  of  the  minde,  may  be  discovered  by  the 
pulse.  '^  And  if  you  icill  know,  saith  he,  whether  the  men 
suspected  be  such  or  such,  touch  their  arteries,  ^c.  And  in 
his  fourth  book,  14  chapter,  he  speaks  of  this  particular  love 
pulse;  "^ Love  makes  an  unequall  pulse,  Sj-c.  he  gives  in- 
stance of  a  gentlewoman,  ^  a  patient  of  his,  whom  by  this 
means,  he  found  to  be  much  enamored,  and  with  whom  ;  he 
named  many  persons,  but  at  the  last  when  his  name  came 
Avhom  he  suspected,  ^  her  pulse  began  to  vary,  and  to  beat 
swifter,  and  so  by  often  feeling  her  pulse,  he  perceived  ichat 
the  matter  was.  Apollonius  Argonaut,  lib.  4.  poetically  set- 
ting down  the  meeting  of  Jason  and  Medea,  makes  them  both 
to  blush  at  one  anothers  sight,  and  at  the  first  they  were  not 
able  to  speak, 

J,  totus,  Parmeno, 

Tremo,  horreoque,  postquam  aspexi  banc  ; 

Phaedria  trembled  at  the  sight  of  Thais ;  others  sweat,  blow 
short, 

Crura  tremunt  ac  poplites,— — - 

are  troubled  with  palpitation  of  heart  upon  the  like  occasion,. 
cor  proximum  ori,  saith  *"  AristasnetiLs,  their  heart  is  at  their 
mouth,  leaps,  these  burn  and  freeze,  ^for  love  is  fire,  ice,  hot, 
cold,  itch,  feaver,  frenzy,  plurisy,  what  not)  they  look  pale, 
red,  andcommonly  blush  at  their  first  congress;  and  sometimes 
through  violent  agitation  of  spirits,  bleed  at  nose,  or  when  she  is 
talked  of:  which  very  sign  '  Lustathius  makes  an  argument  of 
Ismenes  afl'ection ;  that  when  she  met  her  sweet-heart  by 
chance,  she  changed  her  countenance,  to  a  maiden-blush.  'Tis 
a  common  thing  amongst  lovers,  as  ^Arnulphus  that  merry- 

a  Pulsus  eoruin  velox  et  inordinatns,  si  mulier  quam  amat  forte  transeat.  bSigna 
sunt  cpssatio  ab  omni  opere  insueto,  privatio  somnJ,  su8j)iria  crebra,  rubor  cum 
sit  sernio  de  ra  amatA,  et  coinmotio  pulsus.  c  j^i  noscere  vis  an  homines 

suspecti  tales  sint,  tang^itio  eorum  arterias.  '1  Amor  fiicit  inapqoales  inordi- 

natos.  *=  In  nobilis  cujusdam  uxore  quum  subolfaf  erem  adulterii  aniore  fuisse 

correptam  et  quam  maritas,  {fcc.  '  Co?pit  iliico  pulsus  variari  et  ferri  cele- 

rius,  et  sic  inveni.  f-  Eunuch,  act.  2.  .sc.  2.  ''Epist.  7.  lib.  2. 

Tener  sudor  et  creber  auhelitus,  palpitio  cordis,  &cc.  '  Lib.  1.  ''Lexo- 

viensis  episcopus. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love,  295 

conceited  bishop,  hath  well  expressed  in  a  facete  epigram  of 
his : 

Alterno  facias  sibi  dat  responsa  rubore, 

Et  tener  affectum  prodit  utrique  pudor,  &c. 

Their  faces  answer,  and  by  blushing  say, 
How  both  affected  are,  they  do  bewray. 

But  the  best  conjectures  are  taken  from  such  symptomes  as 
appear,  when  they  are  both  present ;  all  their  speeches,  amo- 
rous glances,  actions,  lascivious  gestures  will  bewray  them ; 
they  cannot  contain  themselves,  but  that  they  will  be  still 
kissing.  ^Stratocles  the  physician  upon  his  wedding  day, 
when  he  was  at  dinner,  JVihilprius  sorbillavit,  quam  tria  basia 
pnellce  pangerety  could  not  eat  his  meat  for  kissing  the  bride, 
&c.  First  a  word,  and  then  a  kiss  ;  then  some  other  comple- 
ment, and  then  a  kiss  ;  then  an  idle  question,  then  a  kiss;  and 
when  he  hath  pumped  his  wits  dry,  can  say  no  more,  kissing 
and  colling  are  never  out  of  season  : 

•*  Hoc  non  deficit,  incipitque  semper, 

'tis  never  at  an  end;  "^another  kiss,  and  then  another, another, 
and  another,  &c. 

■ — hue  ades  O  Thelayra Come  kiss  me  Corinna ! 

•*  Centum  basia  centies. 

Centum  basia  milUes, 

Mille  basia  millies, 

Et  tot  milha  millies, 

Quot  guttse  Siculo  mari, 
Quot  sunt  sidera  coelo, 

Istis  purpureis  genis, 

Istis  turgiduhs  labris, 

Ocellisque  loquacuhs, 

Figam  continuo  impetu; 

O  formosa  Neaera.     As  Catullus  to  Lesbia. 

Da  mihi  basia  mille,  deinde  centum, 

Dein  mille  altera,  da  secunda  centum, 

Dein  usque  altera  millia,  deinde  centum. 

e  first  give  an  hundred, 

Then  a  thousand,  then  another 

Hundred,  then  unto  the  other 

Add  a  thousand,  and  so  more,  &c. 

'Till  you  equal  with  the  store,  all  the  grass,  &c.     So  Venus  did 


a  Theodoras  prodromus  Amaranto  dial.  Gaulimo  interpret.  ^  Petron  Catal. 

cSed  luium  ego  usque  et  unum  Petam  a  tuis  labellis,  postque  unum  et  unum  et  imum, 
darirogabo.     Lcechasus  A*iacreon.  dJo,  gecundus  has.  7.  ^Translated 

or  imitated  by  M.  B.  Johnson,  our  arch  poet  in  his  119  Ep- 


oc)(]  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

I>y  her  Ailoiiis:  the  Moon  with  Endymion ;  they  are  still 
dallying  and  colling-,  as  so  many  doves; 

Columbatimque  labra  conserentes  labiis  ; 

and  that  Avith  alacrity  and  conra^-e  ; 

a  Affligunt  avide  corpus,  junguntqiic  salK'as 
Oris,  et  inspirant  prcnsantes  dentibus  era. 

*•  Tnm  impresso  ore  ut  vix  inde  labra  dctrahant,  cervice  recU- 
iiala,  as  Lamprias  in  Ludan  kissed  Thais  ;  Philippns  her 
"  in  /Jristfcnctus,  amove  lifmphafo  tamfnriose  adhasit^  nt  vix 
lahra  solvere  essef,  tutunupie  os  mihi  contrivil  ;  '^  Aretines 
Liicretia,  by  a  suiter  of  hers  was  so  saluted ;  and  'tis  their 
ordinary  fashion. 

I        — denies  illudunt  sfcpe  labellis, 
Atque  premunt  arete  adfigentes  oscula— ^ 

Tlicy  cannot,  I  say,  contain  themselves;  they  will  be  still  iio4 
oidy  Joynino-  hands,  kissing-,  but  embracing,  treading  on 
their  loes,  &c.  diving-  into  their  bosomes,  and  that  Hbenter,  et 
cnni  delectatione,  as  ''Philostratns  confesseth  to  his  mistress; 
and  Lamprias  in  Lucian,  Mammillas  premens,  per  sinnm 
rlam  dextrdj  S^c.  feeling  their  paps,  and  that  scarce  honestly 
sometimes  :  as  the  old  man  in  the  •  comoBdy  well  observed  of 
bin  son,  »/Vow  ego  te  videham  mannm  hnic pnellcB  in  sinum 
inserere  ?  Did  not  I  see  thee  put  thy  hand  into  her  bosome  ? 
go  to,  with  many  such  love  tricks.  pJuno  in  Lncian  Deorum^ 
Tom.  3.  dial.  3.  complains  to  Jupiter  of  Ixion,  ^'he  looked  so 
attentively  on  her,  and  sometimes  would  sigh  and  weep  in  her 
company,  and  when  I  drank  by  chance  and  c/ave  Ganymede 
the  cnp,  he  would  desire  to  drink  still  in  the  very  cup  that  I 
drank  oj",  and  in  the  same  place  where  I  drank,  and  would 
kiss  the  cup,  and  then  look  steddily  on  me,  and  sometimes 
sif/h  and  then  ayain  smi/e.  If  it  be  so  they  cannot  come  neer 
to  dally,  have  that  opportunity,  familiarity,  or  accjuaintance 
to  confer  and  talk  together ;  yet  if  they  be  in  presence,  their 
eye  will  bewray  them;  Ubi  amor  ibi  oculns,  as  the  common 
saying  is,  Avhere  1  look  I  like,  and  where  1  like  I  love;  but 
they  will  lose  themselves  in  her  looks. 

Alter  in  alterius  jactantes  lamina  vultus, 
Qua^rcbant  taciti  nosier  ubi  esset  amor. 

a  Lncret.  1.  4.  h  Lncian.  dial.  Tom.  4.  Meret.  spd  et  aperientes,  &c. 

f  Epist.  16.  d  Deducfo  ore  longo  me  basio  demiilcet.  "  (n  deiicits  mammas 

tiias  tariRo,  &c.  fTcrf-nt  t-'Tom.  4.  mcnt.  di.il.  '>  Attente 

adeo  in  me  aspexit,    et    iuterdum    ingemiscebat,  et  lachrymabatur.    Et  si  quaudo 
biLn;n3,  Sec. 


Mem.  4,  Subs.  1.]  Syniptomes  of  Love.  297 

They  cannot  look  off  whom  they  love  ;  they  will  hnprer/nare 
camipsis  oculis,  deflowre  her  with  their  eys  ;  be  still  gazing-, 
.staring,  stealing  faces,  smiling,  glancing  at  her,  as  ^Apollo 
on  Leucothoe,  the  Moon  on  her  ''Endymion,  when  she  stood 
still  in  Caria,  and  at  Latmos  caused  her  chariot  to  be  stayed. 
They  must  all  stand  and  admire,  or  if  she  go  by,  look  after 
her  as  long  as  they  can  see  her ;  she  is  animce  auriqa,  as 
Anacreon  calls  her;  they  cannot  go  by  her  door  or  window, 
but  as  an  adamant,  she  draws  their  eys  to  it;  though  she  be 
not  there  present,  they  must  needs  glance  that  way,  and  look 
back  to  it.  Aristasnetus  of '^  Exithemus,Lucian  in  his  Imagin. 
of  himself,  and  Tatius  of  Clitiphon  say  as  much  ;  Ille  ocnlos 
de  Leucippe  '^  nunquam  dejiciehat ;  and  many  lovers  confess, 
when  they  came  in  their  mistress  presence,  they  could 
not  hold  off  their  eys,  but  looked  wistly  and  steddily  on  her, 
hiconnivo  aspectn,  M'ith  much  eagerness  and  greediness,  as 
if  they  would  look  thorow,  or  should  never  have  enough 
sight  of  her. 

-fixis  ardens  obtutibus  hteret ; 

So  she  will  do  by  him,  drink  to  him  with  her  eys,  nay  drink 
him  up,  devour  him,  swallow  him,  as  Martials  Mamurra  is  re- 
membred  to  have  done  : 

Inspexit  molles  pueros,  oculisque  comedit,  &c. 

There  is  a  pleasant  story,  to  this  purpose,  in  Navigat.  Vertom. 
lib.  3.  cap.  5.  The  Sultan  of  Sanas  wife  in  Arabia,  because 
Vertomannus  was  fair  and  white  could  not  look  off  him,  from 
sun-rising  to  sun-setting,  she  could  not  desist;  she  made  him 
one  day  come  into  her  chamber,  et  gemince  horce  spatio  iii- 
tiiebatur,  non  a  me  unqnam  aciem  ociiloriim  avertebat,  me 
observansvelntiCujndinem  qiiendam,  for  two  hours  space  she 
still  gazed  on  him.  A  yong  man  in  e  Lucian  fell  in  love  with 
Venus  picture,  he  came  every  morning  to  her  temple,  and 
there  continued  all  day  long,  "^^from  sun-rising  to  sun-set,  un- 
willing to  go  home  at  night,  sitting  over  against  the  goddess 
picture,  he  did  continually  look  upon  her,  and  mutter  to  him- 
self I  know  not  what.  If  so  be  they  cannot  see  them  whom 
they  love,  they  will  still  be  walking  and  Availing  about  their 
mistress  doors,  taking  all  opportunity  to  see  them,  as  in  ^Longus 
Sophista,Daphnis  and  Cloe,  two  lovers,  were  still  hovering*  at 

^aQuique  omnia  cemere  debes  LeHcothoen  spectas  et  'virgine  fi^s  in  una  qnos 
mnndo  debes  ociilos.     Ovid.  Met.  4.  ^  Lucian,  Tom.  3.  Quoties  ad  Cariam  venis 

currum  sistis,et  desuper  aspectas.  "^Ex  quo  te  primum  vidi,  Pythia,  alio  oculos 

vertere  non  fait.  i^Lib.  4.  e  Dial,  amoruni.  ''Adoccasum 

solis  a?gie  doinum  rediens,  atque  lotum  diem  ex  adverso  Dta:  sedens  recto,  in  ipsam 
perpetuo  oculorum  ictus  direxit,  &;c.  sLib.  3. 


298  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

one  anothers  gates ;  he  sought  all  occasions  to  be  in  her  com- 
pany, to  hunt  in  summer,  and  catch  birds  in  the  frost,  about 
lier  fathers  house  in  the  winter,  that  she  might  see  him,  and 
he  her.  ^  A  kings  palace  teas  not  so  diligently  attended^  saith 
Aretines  Lucretia,  as  my  house  was  tchen  I  lay  in  Romey  the 
porch  and  street  was  ever  full  of  some,  walking  or  riding,  on 
set  purpose  to  see  me  ;  their  eye  was  still  upon  my  window, 
as  they  passed  by ;  they  could  not  choose  but  look  back  to  my 
house  wnen  they  were  past,  and  sometimes  hem  or  cough,  or 
take  some  impertinent  occasion  to  speak  aloud,  that  I  might 
look  out  and  observe  them.  'Tis  so  in  other  places ;  'tis  com- 
mon to  every  lover;  'tis  all  his  felicity  to  be  with  her,  to  talk 
with  her,  he  is  never  well  but  in  her  company,  and  will  walk 
^ seven  or  eight  times  a  day,  through  the  street  ichere  she  dtcells, 
and  make  sleeveless  errands  to  see  her  ;  plotting  still  where^ 
when,  and  how  to  visit  her  : 

<=  Levesque  sub  uocte  susurri 
CompositA.  repetuntur  hora. 

And  when  he  is  gone,  he  thinks  every  minute  an  hour,  every 
hour  as  long  as  a  day,  ten  dayes  a  whole  year,  till  he  see  her 
again. 

d  Tempera  si  numeres,  bene  quae  numeramus  amantes. 

And  if  thou  be  in  love,  thou  wilt  say  so  too,  Et  longumfor- 
viosa  valcj  farewell  sweet-heart,  vale  charissima  Argenis,  ^c. 
Farewell  my  dear  Argenis,  once  more  farewell,  farewell.  And 
though  he  is  to  meet  her  by  compact,  and  that  very  shortly, 
perchance  to  morrow,  yet  loath  to  depart,  he'l  take  his  leave 
again,  and  again,  and  then  come  back  again,  look  after,  and 
shake  his  hand,  wave  his  hat  afar  off.  Now  gone,  he  thinks 
it  long  till  he  see  her  again,  and  she  him  3  the  clocks  are 
surely  set  back,  the  hour's  past, 

«  Hospila  Demophoon  lua  te  Rodopheia  Phillis, 
Ultra  promissum  tempus  abesse  queror ; 

she  looks  out  at  window  still,  to  see  whether  he  come  ;  ""and 
by  report,  Phillis  went  nine  times  to  the  sea-side  that  day,  to 
see  if  her  Demophoon  were  approaching ;  and  s  Troilus  to  the 
city  gates,  to  look  for  his  Cressid.  She  is  ill  at  ease,  and  sick 
till  she  see  him  again  ;  peevish  in  the  mean  time,  discontent, 


aRegam  palatium  non  tam  diligent!  cnstodiA  septum  fuit,  ac  ades  meas  stipabant, 
&c.  bUno  et  eodern  die  seitips  vel  septies  ambulant  per  eandem  plateara, 

ut  vel  uoico  arnicas  suae  frnantur  aspectu,  lib.  3.  Theat.  inundi.  ^'Hor.         "^  0\id. 

«  Ovid.  f  Hygiuus,  iab.  59.    Eo  die  dicitur  noaies  ad  littus  currifise. 

f  Chaucer. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  I.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  299 

heavy,  sad,  and  why  conies  he  not  ?  where  is  he  ?  why  breaks 
he  promise  ?  why  tarries  he  so  long  ?  sure  he  is  not  well ;  sure 
he  hath  some  mischance;  sure  he  forgets  himself  and  me j 
with  infinite  such.  And  then  confident  again,  up  she  gets, 
out  she  looks,  listens  and  enquires,  barkens,  kens,  every  maa 
afar  off"  is  sure  he,  every  stirring  in  the  street,  now  he  is  there, 
that's  he,  male  Auroroe^  male  Soli  dicity  dejeraUjue,  Sfc.  the 
longest  day  that  ever  was  ;  so  she  raves,  restless  and  impatient  j 
for  Amornon patitur  moros, love  brooks  no  delay es ;  the  time'sj 
quickly  gone  that's  spent  in  her  company,  the  miles  short,  the 
way  pleasant,  all  weather  is  good  whilst  he  goes  to  her  house, 
heat  or  cold,  though  his  teeth  chatter  in  his  head,  he  moves 
not,  wet  or  dry,  'tis  all  one,  wet  to  the  skin,  he  feels  it  not^ 
cares  not,  at  least,  for  it,  but  will  easily  endure  it  and  much 
more,  because  it  is  done  with  alacrity,  and  for  his  mistress 
sweet  sake  ;  let  the  burden  be  never  so  heavy,  love  makes  it 
light,  a  Jacob  served  seven  years  for  Rachel,  and  it  was 
quickly  gone,  because  he  loved  her.  None  so  merry,  if  he 
may  happily  enjoy  her  company  ;  he  is  in  heaven  for  the  time ; 
and  if  he  may  not,  dejected  in  an  instant,  solitary,  silent,  he 
departs  weeping,  lamenting,  sighing,  complaining. 

But  the  symptomes  of  the  minde  in  lovers  are  almost  in- 
finite ;  and  so  diverse,  that  no  art  can  comprehend  them ; 
though  they  be  merry  sometimes,  and  rapt  beyond  themselves 
for  joy,  yet  most  part,  love  is  a  plague,  a  torture,  an  hell,  a 
bitter  sweet  passion  at  last ;  ^Amor  melle  etjelle  estjoecundis- 
simuSy  gustum  dat  dulcem  et  amarum.  'Tis  suavis  amaricies, 
dolentia  delectabilis,  hilare  torm£ntum; 

c  Et  me  melle  beant  suaviora, 
Et  me  felle  necant  amariora ; 

Like  a  summer  fly  or  Sphines  wings,  or  a  rainbow  of  alf 
colours. 

Quae  ad  Solis  radios  conversse  aureae  erant, 
Adversus  nubes  csBrulese,  quale  jubar  Iridis,. 

fair,  fowle,  and  full  of  variation,  though  most  part,  irksome  and 
bad.  For  in  a  word,  the  Spanish  inquisition  is  not  comparable 
to  it;  a  torment  and  ^execution  it  is,  as  he  cals  it  in  the 
poet,  an  unquenchable  fire,  and  what  not  ?  ^  From  it,  saith 
Austin,  arise  biting  cares,  perturbations,  passions,  sorrows^ 


»  Gen.  29.  20.  •>  Plautus  Cistil.  =  Stobseus  e  Graeco.  dpiautus. 

Credo  ego  ad  hominis  carnificinara  amorem  inventum  esse.  •^  De  civitat.  lib.  22. 

cap.  20.  Ex  eo  oriuntur  mordaces  curae,  perturbationes,  moerores,  formidiries,  insana 
gaudia,  discordia;,  lites,  bella,  insidiae,  iracandia;,  iuimicitia?,  fallacia;,  adulatio,  fraas, 
fartum,  nequitia,  impudentia. 


300  Love.Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

J}firt!,suspiitons,  discontents, contetit ions, (riscord.'<,wars,  treach- 
eries, euniitiesjjiattery,  coseniny^  riot,  lust,  impudence,  cruelty, 
Ixuavery,  ^r. 

dolor,  querelse, 


Lamentatio,  lachrymcc  percnnes, 
Languor,  anxietas,  amaritudo: 
Aut  si  triste  magis  potest  quid  esse, 
Hos  tu  das  comites,  Neocra,  vitse. 

These  be  tlie  companions  of  lovers,  and  the  ordiuary  symp^ 
tomes,  as  the  poet  repeats  them, 

bin  amore  hsce  insuntvltia, 
Suspiciones,  inimicitice,  audacise, 
Bellum,  pax  rursum,  &c. 
^  Insomnia,  terumna,  error,  terror,  et  fuga, 
Excogitantia,  excors,  immodestia, 
Petulantia,  cupiditas,  et  malevolentia; 
Inhseret  etiam  aviditas,  desidia,  injuria, 
Inopia,  contumelia  et  dispendium,  &c. 
In  love  these  vices  are  ;  suspicions. 
Peace,  war,  and  impudence,  detractions, 
Dreams,  cares,  and  errors,  terrors  and  affrights. 
Immodest  pranks,  devices,  sleights  and  flights. 
Heart-burnings,  wants,  neglects ;  desire  of  wrong. 
Loss  continual,  expence  and  hurt  among. 

Every  poet  is  full  of  such  catalogues  of  love  symptomes ;  but 
fear  and  sorrow  may  justly  challenge  the  chief  place :  Though 
Hercules  de  Saxonid  cap.  3.  Tract,  de  melanch.  will  exclude 
fear  from  Love-Melancholy,  yet  I  am  otherwise  perswaded. 
*i  Res  est  solliciti  plena  timoris  amor.  'Tis  full  of  fear,  anxiety, 
doubt,  care,  peevishness,  suspition,  it  turns  a  man  into  a  m'o- 
man,  which  made  Hesiod  (belike)  put  Fear  and  Paleness  Ve- 
nus daughters : 

•Marti  clypcos  atque  arma  secanti 


Alma  Venus  peperit  Pallorcm,  unaque  Timorem : 

because  fear  and  love  are  still  linked  together.  Moreover,  they 
arc  apt  to  mistake,  amplifie,  too  credulous  sometimes,  too  full 
of  hope  an<l  confidence,  and  (hen  again  very  jealous,  unapt 
to  believe  or  entertain  any  good  news.  Thecomical  Poethath 
prettily  painted  out  this  passage  amongst  the  rest  in  a  *dia- 


"Marnllns,  1.  I.  ''Tcr.  Eunuch.                  ^Plautns  Mercat.     "^       '"Ovid, 

e  Adcljih.  Act.  <l.sc('n.5.  i\l  IJonoauimors,  «liicts  iixorcm  Iiaiic,.'l'"iSchime,s.    JV..  Hem, 

paUr,  iiiim  tu  ludis  rnc  nunc/    M.  Kgouc  tc,  fiuamobreut  ?    Al,  Quod  tam 
cupio,  &c. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]        Symptomeg  of  Love.  ;J01 

loo-ue  betwixt  Mitio  and  /Eschines,  a  g^entle  father  and  a  love- 
sick son.  M.  Be  of  good  chear,  my  son,  thou  shalt  have  her 
to  wife.  M.  Ah  father,  do  yon  mock  me  note  ?  31.  /  jnock 
thee,  whif?  ^.  That  which  I  so  earnestly  desire,  I  more 
suspect  and  fear.  M.  Get  you  home,  and  setid  for  her  to  be 
your  icife.  M.  What,  now,  a  wife  ?  now,  father !  ^c. 
These  doubts,  anxieties,  suspitions,  are  the  least  part  of  their 
torments  ;  they  break,  many  times,  from  passions  to  actions  ; 
speak  fair  and  flatter;  now  most  obsequious  and  willing,  by 
and  by,  they  are  averse;  wrangle,  fight,  swear,  quarrel,  laugh, 
weep  :  and  he  that  doih  not  so  by  fits,  ''Lucian  holds,  is  not 
throuo-hly  touched  with  this  loadstone  of  love.  So  their  ac- 
tions and  passions  are  intermixt ;  but  of  all  other  passions, 
sorrow  hath  the  greatest  share.  ^  Love  to  many  is  bitterness 
it  self;  rem  amaram,  Plato  calls  it ;  a  bitter  potion,  an  agony, 
a  plague, 

Eripite  hailc  pestem  perniciemque  mihi ; 
Quee  mihi  subrepens  imos  ut  torpor  in  artus, 
Expulit  ex  omni  pectore  laatitias. 

O  take  away  this  plague,  this  mischief  from  me, 
Which  as  a  numbnesse  over  all  my  body. 
Expels  my  joyes,  and  makes  my  soul  so  heavy. 

Plreedra  had  a  true  touch  of  this,  when  he  cryed  out, 


-c  O  Thais,  utinam  esset  mihi 


Pars  Eequa  amoris  tecum,  ac  pariter  fieret  ut 
Aut  hoc  tibi  doleret  itidem,  ut  mihi  dolet. 

0  Thais,  would  thou  hadst  of  these  my  pains  a  part, 
Or  as  it  doth  me  now,  so  it  would  make  thee  smart. 

So  had  that  yong  man,  when  he  roared  again  for  discontent; 

•^  Jactor,  crucior,  agitor,  stimulor, 
Versor  in  amoris  rota  miser, 
Exanimor,  fei'or,  distrahor,  deripior, 
Ubi  sum,  ibi  non  sum  ;  ubi  non  sum,  ibi  est  animus. 

1  am  vext  and  toss'd,  and  rack't  on  Loves  wheel ; 
Where  not,  I  am ;  but  where  am,  do  not  feel. 

The  Moon  in  ^  Liician,  made  her  mone  to  Venus,  that  she  was 
almost  dead  for  love,  pei'eo  equidem  amore,  and  after  a  long 
tale,  she  broke   off  abruptly   and   wept,   ^  O    Venus,  thou 


»  Tom.  4.  dial,  amorum.  ^  Aristotle  2.  Rhet.  puts  love  therefore  in  the  irascible 

part.  Ovid.         =  Ter.  Eunuch,  Act  1.  8C.  2.  dpiautus.  eTom.  3.     ^    fScia 

quod  posthac  dicturus  fuerim. 


302  Love-Melnnchohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

hnowest  my  poor  heart.  Cliarmidcs  in  *  Lucian,  was  so  im- 
patient, that  he  Kob'd  and  sighed,  and  tore  his  hair,  and  said 
he  Mould  hang  himself;  /  am  ^indonp,  O  sister  Tri/phenn,  I 
cannot  endnrc  these  love  panf/s,  what  shall  I  do  ?  Vos,  O  Dii 
Aver  r  unci,  solvite  me  his  cur  is,  O  yee  Gods,  free  me  from 
these  cares  and  miseries,  out  of  the  ang-uish  of  his  soul,  ''The- 
ocles  prays.  Shall  I  say,  most  part  of  a  lovers  life  is  full  of 
agony,  anxiety,  fear  and  grief,  complaints,  sighs,  suspitions 
and  cares  (high  ho,  my  heart  is  wo)  full  of  silence  and  irksome 
solitariness ! 

Frequenting  shady  bowers  in  discontent, 
To  the  ayr  his  fruitless  clamors  he  will  vent; 

except  at  such  times  that  he  hath  lucida  intervalla,  pleasant 
gales,  or  sudden  alterations ;  as  if  his  mistress  smile  upon  him, 
give  him  a  oood  look,  a  kiss,  or  that  some  comfortable  message 
be  brought  him,  his  service  is  accepted,  &c. 

He  is  then  too  confident  and  raptbeyond  himself,  as  if  he  had 
heard  the  nightingale  in  the  spring  before  the  cuckow  ;  or  as 
'Calisto  was  at  Melebseas  presence,  Quis  unquam  hac  mortali 
vita  tam  gloriosum  corpus  vidit  ?  humanitatem  transcendere 
videor,  ^n.  who  ever  saw  so  glorious  a  sight ;  what  man  ever 
enjoyed  such  delight?  More  content  cannot  be  given  of  the 
Gods,  wished,  had,  or  hoped,  of  any  mortal  man.  There  is 
no  happiness  in  the  worla  comparable  to  his,  no  content,  no 
joy  to  this,  no  life  to  love,  he  is  in  paradise. 

^  Quis  me  uno  vivit  foelicior  ?  aut  magis  hac  est 
Optandum  vita  dicere  quis  poterit? 

Who  lives  so  happy  as  my  self?  what  bliss 
In  this  our  life,  may  be  compar'd  to  this  ? 

He  will  not  change  fortune  in  that  case  with  a  prince. 

fi  Donee  gratus  eram  tibi, 
Persarum  vigni  rege  beatior. 

The  Persian  kings  are  not  so  joviall  as  he  is  ;  '  Ofestus  dies 
hominis,  O  happy  day ;  so  Cheerea  exclaims  when  he  came 
from  Pamphila  his  sweetheart,  well  pleased ; 

Nunc  est  profecto  interfici  cum  perpeti  me  possem, 
Ne  hoc  gaudium  contaminet  vita  aliqua  ajgritudine  ; 


aToDB.  4.  dial,  meret.    Trjphena,  Amor  me  perdit,  neqae  malum  hoc  amplias  snsti- 
nere  possum.  b  Aristffinetus,  lib.  2.  epist.  8.  *^Ccelestina,  act.  1.     Sancti 

majore  la-titia  non  fruuntur.     Si  inihi  Dens  omnium  votorum  mortalium  sumniam  con- 
cedat,  non  magis,  &c.  ^  Catullus  de  Lesbia.  eHor.  ode  9.  lib.  3, 

'Act.  3.  seen.  ."j.    Etmuch.  Ter. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  303 

He  could  find  in  his  heart  to  be  killed  infstantly,  lest  if  helive 
lono-er,  some  sorrow  or  sickness  should  contaminate  hisjoyes, 
A  little  after,  he  was  so  merrily  set  upon  the  same  occasion 
that  he  could  not  contain  himself. 

=^0  populares,  ecquis  me  vivit  hodie  fortunatior? 
Nemo  hercle  quisquam ;  nam  in  me  Dii  plane  potestatem 
Suam  omnem  ostend^re ; 

Is't  possible,  O  my  countrymen,  for  any  living  to  be  so  happy 
as  my  self?  No  sure,  it  cannot  be;  for  the  Gods  have  shewed 
all  their  power,  all  their  goodness  in  me.  Yet,  by  and  by, 
when  this  yong  gallant  was  crossed  in  his  wench,  he  laments, 
and  cries,  and  roars  down-right. 

Occidi 

1  am  undone: 

Neque  virgo  est  usquam,  neque  ego,  qui  e  conspecta  illam  amis". 

meo. 
Ubi  quseram,  ubi    investigem,   quem  percuncter,   quam    insistam 

viam  ? 

The  virgin's  gone,  and  I  am  gone ;  she's  gone,  she's  gone, 
and  what  shall  1  do  ?   where  shall  I  seek  her,  where  shall  I 
find  her,  whom  shall  I  ask  ?  what  way,  what  course  shall 
take  ?  what  will  become  of  me  ? 


•bvitales  auras  invitus  agebat; 


he  was  weary  of  his  life,  sick,  mad,  and  desperate  ;  *=  utinam 
viihi  esset  aliquid  hic,  quo  nunc  me  prcEcipitem  darem.  'Tis 
not  Chaereas  case,  this  alone,  but  his,  and  his,  and  every 
lovers  in  the  like  state.  If  he  hear  ill  news,  have  bad  success 
in  his  suit,  she  frown  upon  him,  or  that  his  mistress  in  his 
presence  respect  another  more,  (as  "^Haedus  observes)  Prefer 
another  suiter,  speak  more  familiarly  to  him,  or  use  more  kindly 
then  himself;  if  by  nod,  smile,  message,  she  discloseth  herself 
to  another,  he  is  instantly  tormented,  none  so  dejected  as  he  is, 
utterly  undone,  a  castaway,  ^In  quemfortuna  omnia  odiorum 
suorum  crudelissima  tela  exonerat,  a  dead  man,  the  scorn  of 
fortune,  a  monster  of  fortune,  worse  then  naught,  the  losse  of 
a  kingdom  had  been  less.  ^Aretines  Lucretia  made  very 
good  proof  of  this,  as  she  relates  it  her  self.  F'or  when  I 
made  some  of  my  suiters  beleeve  I  would  betake  my  self  to  a 
nunnery,  they  took  on  as  if  they  had  lost  father  and  mother, 


a  Act.  5.  seen.  9,   "        bMantuan.  '^  Ter.  And.  act.  3.  sc.  4.  ^Lib.  l.de 

contemn,  amoribus.      Si  qaem  alium  respexerit  arnica  suavius  et  farailiarius,  «i  qnem 
alloqnnta  ftierit,  si  nutn,  nuntio,  See.  statim  cruciatur.  *  Calista  in  Ccelestina. 

f  Pomodidasc.  dial.  Ital.    Patre  et  matre  se  singnltu  orbos  censebant,  quod  meo  contu- 
bernio  carendum  esset 


304  Love-Melanchofif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  Q. 

hecauac  i/irif  wore  for  ever  after  to  want  my  company.  Oiunc^ 
lahorcs  In-esfucrCj  all  other  labour  was  light ;  "  but  this  nii^ht 
not  be  ciuhiretl, 

Tui  carendum  quod  erat 

for  I  cannot  he  icithout  thy  company^  luournfuU  Amyntas, 
painfull  Amyntas,  carefuU  Amyntas;  better  a  metropolitan  city 
were  sackt,  a  royal  army  overcome,  an  invincible  armado 
sunk,  and  twenty  thousand  kings  should  perish,  then  her  little 
finger  ake;  so  zealous  are  they,  and  so  tender  of  her  good. 
*'  They  would  all  turn  friers  for  my  sake  (as  she  follows  it),  in 
liope,  by  that  means,  to  meet,  or  see  me  again,  as  my  con- 
fessors, at  stool-ball,  or  at  barly- break :"  And  so  afterwards; 
when  an  importunate  suiter  came,  ^  If  I  had  hid  my  maid  say., 
that  I  was  not  at  leisure,  not  within,  husy,conldnot  speak  icitJt 
him,  he  was  instantly  astonished,  ayid  stood  like  a  pillar  of 
viarble;  another  went  swearing,  chafing,  cursing,  Jbaming. 

clUa  sibi  vox  ipsaJovis  violentior  ira,  cum  tonat,  &c. 

the  voycc  of  a  mandrake  had  been  sweeter  musick ;  hut  he  to 
whom  I  gave  entertainment,  was  in  the  Elysian  fields,  ravished 
for  joye,(pnte  beyond  himself.  'Tis  the  generall  humour  of  all 
lovers;  she  is  their  stern,  pole-star,  and  guide. 

d  Deliciumque  animi,  deliquiumque  sui. 

As  atulipant  to  the  sun  (which  our  herbalists  call  Narcissus) 
when  it  shines,  is  admirandiLS  fos  ad  radios  solis  se  pandem, 
a  glorious  flower  exposing  it  self;  <-' but  when  the  sun  sets, 
or  a  tempest  comes,  it  hides  it  self,  pines  away,  and  hath  no 
pleasure  left,  (which  Carolus  Gonzaga,  duke  of  Mantua,  in  a 
cause  not  unlike,  sometimes  used  for  an  imprese)  so  do  all 
inamorates  to  their  mistress ;  she  is  their  sun,  their  primum 
mohile  or  animi  informans ;  this  'one  hath  elegantly  expressed 
by  a  windmill,  still  moved  by  the  winde,  which  otherwise  hath 
no  motion  of  it  self. 

Sic  tua  ni  spiret  gratia,  truncus  ero. 

He  is  wholly  animated  from  her  breath;  his  soul  lives  in  her 
body;  "sola  claves  hahet  interitiis  ct  .salutis,  she  keeps  the 
keys  of  his  life;  his  fortune  eb])esandflowes  with  her  favour; 
a  gracious  or  bad  aspect  turns  him  up  or  down  ; 


*  Ter.  Tui  carendum  quod  erat  ''Si  responsuni  esset  dominam  occnpatam  esse 

aliisque  vacaret,  ille  statiin  vix  hoc  audito  velut  in  inarnior  obriguit,  alii  se  damnare, 
&c.     Atcui  favebam,  in  campis  Elysiis  ease  videbatur,  )vc.  <^  Maotnan. 

<*  Loechaeus.  «  Sole  se  occiiltante,  aut  tenipestate  veniente,  atatiiu  clauditur  ac 

laDguescit.  fEmblem.  ainat,  13.  sCalistode  Meliba;i. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]       Sijmptomea  of  Love.  305 


Mens  mea  lucescit,  Lucia,  luce  tua. 

Howsoever  his  present  state  be  pleasing  or  displeasing-,  'tjs 
continuate  so  long  as  ^  he  loves;  he  can  do  nothing,  think  of 
nothing  but  her;  desire  hath  no  rest,  she  is  his  Cynosure, 
Hesperus  and  Vesper,  his  morning  and  evening  star,  his  god- 
dess, his  mistress,  his  life,  his  soul,  his  every  thing;  dreaming, 
waking,  she  is  always  in  his  mouth  ;  his  heart,  eys,  ears,  and 
all  his  thoughts,  are  full  of  her.  His  Laura,  his  Victorina,  his 
Columbina,  Flavia,  Flaminia,  Caslia,  Delia  or  Isabella,  (call 
her  how  you  will ;)  she  is  the  sole  object  of  his  senses,  the 
substance  of  his  soul,  nid^ilus  animoi  snce  ;  he  magnilies  her 
above  measure,  totus  in  ilia,  full  of  her,  can  breath  nothing 
but  her.  /  adore  MelihcEa,  saith  love-sick  ^  Calisto,  I  believe 
in  Melibcea,  I  honour,  admire  and  love  my  Meliba;a ;  his  soul 
was  sowced,  imparadised,  imprisoned  in  his  lady.  When 
"  Thais  took  her  leave  of  Phsedria, 

i— mi  Phsedria,  et  nunquid  aliud  vis  ?  * 

Sweet  heart  (she  said)  will  you  command  me  any  further  ser- 
vice ?  he  readily  replied,  and  gave  this  in  charge, 

egone  quid  velim? 

Dies  noctesque  ames  me,  me  desideres. 
Me  somnies,  me  expectes,  me  coxites, 
Me  speres,  me  te  oblectes,  mecum  iota  sis, 
Meus  fac  postremo  animus,  quando  ego  sum  tuus. 

Dost  ask  (my  dear)  what  service  T  will  have  ? 
To  love  me  day  and  night  is  all  I  crave ; 
To  dream  on  me,  to  expect,  to  think  on  me, 
Depend  and  hope,  still  covet  me  to  see, 
Delight  thy  self  in  me,  be  wholly  mine, 
For  know,  my  love,  that  I  am  wholly  thine. 

But  all  this  needed  not,  you  will  say;  if  she  affect  once,  she 
will  be  his,  settle  her  love  on  him,  on  him  alone, 


-d  ilium  absens  absentem 


Auditque  videtque- 


she  can,  she  must  think  and  dream  of  nought  else  but  him 
continually  of  him,  as  did  Orpheus  on  his  Euridice, 

Te  dulcis  conjux,  te  solo  in  littore  mecum, 
Te  veniente  die,  te  discedente  canebam. 


»  A^nima  non  est  nbi  animat,  sed  ubi  amat.  *'  Coelestina,  act,  I.  Credo  in  Meli- 

baeam,  &c,  c  Ter.  Eunuch.  Act.  J .  so.  3.  <i  Virg.  4.  Mn. 

VOL.  II.  3L 


2Q6  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Ck\  thee,  sweet  wife,  was  all  m^  son^, 
Morn,  evqiing,  aud  all  iUong. 

And  Dido  upon  her  ^noas; 


— . — — et  quae  me  insomnia  terrent, 
Multa  viri  virtus,  et  plurima  currit  imago. 

And  ever  and  anon,  she  thinks  upon  the  man 
That  was  so  fine,  so  fair,  so  blith,  so  debonair. 

Clitiphon  in  the  first  book  of  Achilles  Tatius,  conjplainetli, 
how  that  his  mistress  Leucippe  tormented  him  much  more  in 
the  night,  then  in  the  day.  '  For  all  day  lony  he  had  some 
object  or  other  t»  distract  his  senses ;  hut  in  the  niyht  all  ran 
upon  her:  all  night  long  he  lay  ^  awake ^  and  could  think  of 
nothing  else  but  her  ;  he  could  not  get  her  out  of  his  minde  ; 
towards  morning  sleep  took  a  little  pitty  on  him,  lie  slumhei'ed 
awhile,  but  all  his  dreams  were  of  her. 


-"=  te  nocte  sub  atra 


Alloquor,  amplector,  falsaque  in  imagine  somni, 
Gaudia  sollicitam  palpant  evanida  mentera. 

In  the  dark  night  I  speak,  embrace  and  finde, 
That  fading  joyes  deceive  my  careful  rainde. 

The  same  complaint  Eurialus  makes  to  his  Lucrctia :  ''  day 
and  night  I  think  of  thee,  I  icishfor  thee,  I  talk  on  thee,  call 
on  thee,  look  for  thee,  hope  for  thee,  delight  myself  in  thee,  day 
and  night  I  love  thee. 

e  Nec  mihi  vesper6 
*  Surgente  deoedunt  amores, 

Nec  rapidum  fugiente  .Solem  ; 

Morning,  evening-,  all  is  alike  with  me,  I  have  restless  thoughts ; 

'^Tc  vigilans  oculis,  animo  tc  nocte  requiro. 

Still  I  think  on  thee,  .^nima  non  est  uhi  animat,  sednbi  amat. 
I  live  and  brcatii  in  thee,  I  wish  for  thee. 

gO  niveam  qiise  te  poterit  mihi  reddere  lucem, 
O  mihi  felicem  terque  quaterque  diem. 

O  happy  day  that  shall  restore  thee  to  my  sight.     In  the  mean 


*  loterdin  oculi,  et  aiires  occapata;  distrahunt  aDiranm,  at  noctn  solas  jactor,  ad  Ait- 
rorain  soranns  jjanlntn  misertus,  nec  tamen  ex  animo  puella  abiit,  sed  omnia  mihi  de 
Leucippe  somni:i  eranL  bTot:"i  har  nocte  somuniii  hisce  oculis  non  vidi.     Ter. 

■"liuclianau.  Sylv.  ''/Ea.  Silv.  Te  dies,  noctesquc  amo,  te  cogito,  te  desidero, 

te  voco,  te  expe cto,  te  spero,  tecum  oblerto  me,  totus  in  te  suui.     ~  ^Hor.  lib.  2. 

ode  0.  f  Petronias.  t'  T.bullus  I.  3.    Eleg.  3.  j 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]       Symptomes  of  Love.  307 

time,  he  raves  on  her ;  her  sweet  face,  eys,  actions,  gestures, 
hands,  feet,  speech,  length, bredth,hightli,  depth,  andtherest 
of  her  dimensions,  are  so  survaied,  measured,  and  taken,  by 
that  Astrolabe  of  phantasie,  and  that  so  violently  sometimes, 
witli  such  earnestness  and  eagerness,  such  continuance,  so 
strong  an  imagination,  that  at  length  he  thinks  he  sees  her 
indeed  ;  he  talks  with  her,  he  embraceth  her,  Ixion-like  pro 
Junone  mihem,  a  cloud  for  Juno,  as  he  said.  Nihilprceter  Lev- 
cippen  cerno,  Leucippe  mihi  pcrpetuo  in  oculis,  et  animo  ver- 
satur;  I  see  and  meditate  of  naught  but  Leucippe.  Be  she 
present  or  absent,  all  is  one; 

*  Et  quamvis  aberat  placidae  preesentia  forraae, 
Quern  dederat  pieesens  forma,  manebat  amor. 

That  impression  of  her  beauty  is  still  fixed  in  his  minde, 

■ ''haerent  infix!  pectore  vultus. 

as  he  that  is  bitten  with  a  mad  dog,  thinks  all  he  sees  dogs, 
dogs  in  his  meat,  dogs  in  his  dish,  dogs  in  his  drink:  his  mis- 
tress is  in  his  eys,  ears,  heart,  in  all  his  senses.  Valleriola  had 
a  merchant,  his  patient,  in  the  same  predicament,  and  <=Ulricus 
Molitor  out  of  Austin,  hath  a  story  of  one,  that  through  vehe- 
mency  of,this  love  passion,  still  thought  he  saw  his  mistress 
present  with  him;  she  talked  with  him;  et  commisceri  cumed 
vigilans  videbatur,  still  embracing  him. 

Now  if  this  passion  of  love  can  produce  such  effects,  if  it  be 
pleasantly  intended,  what  bitter  torments  shall  it  breed,  when 
it  is  with  fear  and  continual  sorrow,  suspition,  care,  agony, 
(as  commonly  it  is)  still  accompanied,  what  an  intolerable 
'^  pain  must  it  be  ? 

Non  tam  grandes 

Gargara  culmos,  quot  demerso 

Pectore  curas  longa  nexas 

Usque  catena,  vel  quae  penitus 

Crudelis  amor  vulnera  miscet. 

Mount  Gargarus  hath  not  so  many  stems, 
As  lovers  brest  hath  grievous  wounds, 
And  linked  cares,  which  love  compounds. 

When  the  king  of  Babylon  would  have  punished  a  courtier  of 
his,  for  loving'a  yong  lady  of  the  royal  blood,  and  far  above 
his  fortunes,  '^Apollonius  in  presence,  by  all  means  perswaded 


a  Ovid.  Fast.  2.  ver.  775.  ^  yirg.  ^n.  4,  -^De  Pythonissa.  ^  ju^o^n^c 

ira  Deimi  tantum,  nee  tela,  nee  hostis,  quantum  tute   potis  animis  Ulapsns.     Minis 
Ital.  15.  bel.  Punie.  de  amore.  « Philostratus  vita  ejus.     Maximum  tormentum 

quod  excogitare,  vel  docere  te  possum,  est  ipse  amor. 


308  Loh-e- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

to  let  him  alone;  For  to  love  and  not  enjoy  van  a  moat  nn- 
speakahle  torment ;  no  tyrantcould  invent  the  like  punishment; 
as  a  gnat  at  a  candle,  in  a  short  space,  he  would  consume  him- 
self. For  love  is  a  perpetual  ^Jlux,  angor  animi,  a  warfare, 
militat  omnis  amans,  a  grievous  wound  is  love  still,  and  a 
lovers  heart  is  Cupids  quiver,  a  consuming-  ^fire,  "accede  ad 
hunc  ignem,  Sfc.  an  inextinguishable  fire. 

^  alitur  at  crescit  malum, 

Et  ardet  intus,  qualis  ^Etnaeo  vapor 
Exundat  antro 

As  JEtnn  rageth,  so  doth  love,  and  more  then  iEtna,  or  any 
material  fire. 


-•^  Nam  Amor  soepe  Lyparco 


Vulcano  ardentiorem  flammam  incendere  solet. 

Vulcans  flames  are  butsmoak  to  this;  For  fire,  saith  ^Xeno- 
phon,  burns  them  alone  that  stand  neer  it,  or  touch  it ;  but 
this  fire  of  love  burneth  and  scorcheth  afar  off,  and  is  morohot 
and  vehement  then  any  material  fire  :  ^lynis  in  lynejurk  ; 
'tis  a  fire  in  a  fire;  the  quintessence  of  fire.  For  wten  Nero 
burnt  Rome,  as  Calisto  urgeth,  he  fired  houses,  consumed 
mens  bodies  and  goods  ;  but  this  fire  devours  the  soule  it  self, 
and  ''  one  soul  is  worth  100000  bodies.  No  water  can  quench 
this  wild  fire. 

'In  pectus  ceecos  absorbuit  ignes, 

Ignes  qui  nee  aqua  perimi  potu^re,  nee  imbre 
Diminui,  neque  graminibus,  magicisque  susurris. 
A  fire  he  took  into  his  brest, 

Which  water  could  not  quench, 
Nor  hearb,  nor  art,  nor  magick  spells 

Could  quell,  nor  any  drench. 

Except  it  be  tears  and  sighs;  for  so,  they  may  chance  find 
a  little  case. 

^  Sic  candentia  colla,  sic  patens  frons, 
Sic  me  bianda  tui  Nesera  ocelli, 
Sic  pares  minio  gense  perurunt, 
Ut  ni  me  lachrymae  rigent  perennes, 
Totus  in  tenues  eam  favillas. 


*  Ausonius,  c  35.  ''Et  caeco  carpitur  igne  ;  et  mihi  sese  offertultro  mens 

ignis  Amyntas.  "^  Ter.  Eunuch.  <)  Sen.  Hippol.  « Theocritus  edyl.  2. 

Levibns  cor  est  violabile  tells.  f  Ignis  tangtntes  solum  urit,  at  fonna  procul 

astantes  inflaminat.  eNonnius.  h  Major  ilia  llamnia  quiu  consumit  nnam 

aniniam,  quam  quae  centum  millia  corporuni.  '  Mant.  eel.  2.  ^  Marullus 

Bpi^'.  lib.  1. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1;]      Symptomes  of  Love,  S09 

So  thy  white  neck,  Negera,  me  poor  soule 
Doth  scorch,  thy  cheeks,  thy  wanton  eys  that  roul : 
Were  it  not  for  my  dropping  tears  that  hinder, 
I  should  be  quite  burnt  up  forthwith  to  cinder. 

This  fire  strikes  like  lightning:  which  made  those  old  Grae- 
cians  paint  Cupid  in  many  of  their  ^  temples,  with  Jupiters 
thunderbolts  in  his  hands ;  for  it  wounds,  and  cannot  be  per- 
ceived how,  whence  it  came,  where  it  pierced ; 

^  Urimur,  et  caecum  pectora  vulnus  habent, 

And  can  hardly  be  discerned  at  first. 

c  £st  mollis  flamma  medullas, 

Et  tacitum  insano  vivit  sub  pectore  vulnus. 

A  gentle  wound,  an  easie  fire  it  was. 
And  slye  at  first,  and  secretly  did  pass. 

But  by  and  by  it  began  to  rage  and  burn  amain ; 

'^  Pectus  insanum  vapor, 

Amorque  torret,  intus  ssevus  vorat 
Penitus  medullas,  atque  per  venas  meat 
Visceribus  ignis  mersus,  et  venis  latens, 
Ut  agilis  alias  flamma  percurrit  tr abes. 

This  fiery  vapour  rageth  in  the  veins, 
And  scorcheth  entrals ;  as  when  fire  burns 
An  house,  it  nimbly  runs  along  the  beames, 
And  at  the  last  the  whole  it  overturns. 

Abraham  HofFemannus  lib.  1.  amor,  conjugal,  cap,  2.  pag.  22. 
relates  out  of  Plato,  how  that  Empedocles  the  philosopher 
was  present  at  the  cutting  up  of  one  that  died  for  love,  e  his 
heart  icas  combust,  his  liver  smoakie,  his  lungs  dried  up,  insO' 
much  that  he  verily  believed  his  soul  laas  either  sod  or  roasted, 
through  the  vehemency  oj"  loves  fire.  Which  (belike)  made  a 
modern  writer  of  amorous  emblems,  express  loves  fury,  by  a 
pot  hanging  over  the  fire,  and  Cupid  blowing  the  coals.  As 
the  heat  consumes  the  water, 

fSic  suaconsumit  viscera  csecus  amor; 

so  doth  love  dry  up  his  radical  moisture.  Another  compares 
love  to  a  melting  torch,  which  stood  too  neer  the  fire. 


a  Imagines  Deornm.  ^Oyid.  c^neid.  4.  ^  Seneca.  eCor 

totum  coinbiistuin,  jecur  suffumigatum,  pulino  arefactus,  nt  credam  miseram  illam  ani- 
mam  bis  elixani  aut  coiubustam,  ob  maumum  ardoreiB,  quem  pationtur  ob  ignem 
amoris.  ^Embl.  Amat.  4  et  5. 


;J10  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

„Sic  quo  quis  propior  sua:  puellce  est, 
Hoc  stullus  propior  succ  ruina)  est. 
The  nearer  he  unto  his  mistress  is, 
The  neerer  he  unto  his  ruine  is. 

So  tliat  to  say  trntli,  as  ''Casfilio  «lesrribes  it.  TIw  hcffinnhifj, 
mkldlc,  end  of  love^  is?iou(/hf  else  but  sorrow,  vexation,  aijony, 
torment,  irksomness,  icearisoinness  ;  so  that  to  bes(/uarKl,vghf, 
miserable,  solitary,  discontent,  dejected,  to  wislif'or  death,  to 
complain,  rave,  and  to  be  peevish,  are  the  sertain  siiines,andor- 
dinary  actions  of  a  love-sick  person.  This  continual  pain  and 
torture  makes  them  forget  themselves,  if  they  be  far  gone  with 
it,  in  doubt,  or  despair  of  obtaining;  eagerly  bent  to  neglect 
all  ordinary  business. 

*^  pendent  opera  interrupta,  minaeque 

Murorum  iagentes,  aequataque  machina  ccelo. 

Love-sick  Dido  left  her  works  undone;  so  did  ''Phaedra; 

Palladis  tclae  vacant, 

Et  inter  ipsas  pensa  labuntur  manus. 
Faustus  in  ''Mantuan,  took  no  pleasure  in  any  thing  he  did ; 

Nulla  quies  mihi  dulcis  erat,  nullus  labor  ocgro 
Pectore,  sensus  incrs,  et  mens  torpore  sepulta  ; 
Carminis  occiderat  studium. 

And 'tis  the  humour  of  them  all,  to  be  careless  of  their  persons, 
and  their  estates,  as  the  shepheard  in  'Theocritus,  I^t  hmc 
harba  incultaest,  squalidique  capilli,  their  beards  flag,  and  they 
liave  no  more  care  of  prankling  themselves,  or  of  any  business  j 
they  care  not,  as  they  say,  which  end  goes  forward. 

s  Oblitusque  greges,  et  rura  domestica,  totiis 
*"  Uritur,  et  noctes  in  luctum  expendit  amaras. 
Forgetting  flocks  of  sheep  and  country  farms. 
The  silly  shepherd  always  mourns  and  burns. 

Love-sick  '  Chierea,  when  he  came  from  Pamphilas  house, 
and  had  not  so  good  welcome  as  he  did  expect,  was  all  amort; 
Parmeno  meets  him,  quid  triMis  es  ?  Why  art  thou  so  sad, 
man  ?  nnde  es?  whence  com'st,  how  do'st  ?  but  he  sadly  re- 
])lies,  Kyo  hercle  nescio  neque  nnde  earn,  neque  qriorsum  earn., 
itaprorsus  oblitus  s7im  mei ;  I  have  so  forgotten  myself,  I  nei- 
ther know  where  I  am,  nor  whence  I  come,  nor  whither  I 
will,  nor  what  I  do.  P. ''  How  so  ?-  Ch.  /  am  in  love.  Prudens 
sciens. 

a',Grotiu8.  bljib.  4.  Nam  istius  amoria  neque  principia,  neque  media  ainid 

habent  quid^quam  molestias,  dolores,  cruciatus,  defatigatioues^  adeo  ut  miserum  esse 
rooerore,  gemitu,  solitudine  tor(|ueri,  mortem  outare,  seniperque  debacrhari,  sunt  certa 
amantiiim  signa  ct  certap  artiunes.  *^  Virg.  yEn.  4.  '^  Sf  neca  Hip.  act 

«Erlog.  1.  fEdyl.  14.  K  Mant.  Eclog.  2.  '■  Ov,  Met.  13.  de 

Polypliemo.  Uritur  oblitus  pecorum,  antrorumque  auorum ;  jaui4ue  tibi  formte,  fiiC. 
'Ter.  Eunuch.  *^  Qui,  quetso'  Amo. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]        Symptomes  oj'  Lone-,  ^11 
^  vivus  vidensque  pereo,  nee  quid  again  scro. 

^'  ffe  that  erst  had  his  thoughts  free  (as  Philostratus  Leinnius 
in  an  epistle  of  his,  describes  this  fiery  passion)  and  spent  his 
time  like  an  hard  student,  in  those  delif/htsome  philosophicall 
precepts;  he  that  ivith  the  sun  and moone ivandred alf  oi-er  the 
world,  ivith  stars  themselves  ram/ed  about,  and  left  no  secret, 
or  small  mystery  in  nature  unsearched;  since  he  icas  enamored, 
can  doe  nothing  note  but  think  and  meditate  of  love  matters,  daif 
and  night  composeth  himself  how  to  please  his  mistress  ;  all  Ms 
study,  endeavour,  is  to  approve  himself  to  his  mistress,  to  ivinhis 
mistress  favour,  to  compass  his  desire,  to  be  cminted  her  servant. 
When  Peter  Abelhardus,  that  great  scholler  of  his  age, 

(<:Cui  soli  patuit  scibile  quicquid  enxt,) 

was  now  in  love  with  Heloissa,  he  had  no  mind  to  visit,  or  fre- 
quent schools  and  schollers  any  more.  Tcsdiosum  mihi  valde 
fuit  (as  ''  he  £onfesseth)  ad  scholas  procedere,  vel  in  iis  morari, 
all  his  minde  was  on  his  new  mistress. 

Now  to  this  end  and  purpose,  if  there  be  any  hope  of  ob- 
taining his  suit,  to  prosecute  his  cause,  he  will  spend  himself, 
goods,  fortunes,  for  her;  and  though  be  lose  and  alienate  all 
his  friends,  be  threatned,  be  cast  off,  and  disinherited  ;  for  as 
the  poet  saith,  "Amori  quis  legem  det?  though  he  be  utterly 
undone  by  it,  disgraced,  go  a  begging-,  yet  for  her  sweet  sake, 
to  enjoy  her,  he  M'ill  willingly  beg,  hazzard  all  he  hath,  goods, 
lands,  shame  scandall,  fame,  and  life  it  self. 

Non  recedam  neque  quiescam,  noctu  et  interdiu, 

Prius  profecto  quam  aut  ipsam,  aut  mortem  investigaveio. 

I'll  never  rest  or  cease  my  suit, 

Till  she  or  death  do  make  me  mute. 

Parthenis  in  f  Aristtenetus,  was  fully  resolved  to  do  as  much. 
I  may  have  better  matches,  I  confess  ;  but,  far eic ell  shame, 
farewell  honour,  farewell  honesty,  fai'eicell  friends  and  for- 
tunes, ^c.  O  Harpedona,  keep  my  counsel;  Jivill  leave  all  for 
his  sweet  sake ;  I  will  have  him,  say  no  more,  contra  gentm,  I 
am  resolved,  I  will  have  him.  s  Gobrias  the  captain,  when  he 
had  espied  Rhodanthe,  the  fair  captive  maid,  fell  upon  his  knees 
before  Myslilus  the  generall,  with  tears,  vows,  and  all  the  rhe- 

a  Ter.  Eunuch.  ^  Qui  olim  cogitabat  quas  vellet,  et  pulcheriimis  phUosopbie 

praeceptis  operam  insumpsit,  qui  uuiversi  circuitiones  ccelique  nataram,  &c.  Hanc 
unam  intendit  operam,  de  sola  cogitat,  noctes  et  dies  se  componit  ad  banc,  et  ad  acer- 
bam  servitutem  redactus  animus,  &c.  ePara  Epitaphii  ejus.  ''Epi.st.  prima. 

*>  Boethius,  lib.  3.  Met.  ult.  ffipisi  lib.  6.  Valeat  piulor,  valeathonesfas,  valeat 

honor.  ^Theodor.  prodromus,  lib.  3.  Amor.    Mystili  genibus  ob%olutu5i 

ubertiraqae  lathrymans,  &c  Nihil  ex  tota  pra^da  prajter  |Rhodapthen  wrgeni.jnca 
cipiam. 


312  Love-Melancholy.  ^  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

torlcklie  could;  bythescars  he  had  formerly  received, the  "-ood 
service  he  had  done,  or  what  soever  else  was  dear  untoTiim, 
besoii«)-ht  hisg-overnour  he  might  have  the  captive  viro-in  to  be 
his  ^yii'e,virtntis  svccspolhnn,  as  a  reward  of  his  wortlTand  ser- 
vice ;  and  moreover,  he  woidd  forgive  him  the  money  which 
was  owing,  and  all  reckonings  besides  due  unto  him ;  /  ask 
no  more,  no  part  of  booty,  no  portion,  but  Rhodanthe  to  bemy 
irij'e.  And  when  as  he  could  not  compass  her  by  faire  means, 
he  fell  to  treachery,  force  and  villany,  and  set  his  life  at  stake 
at  last,  to  accomplish  his  desire.  'Tis  a  common  humour  this, 
a  generall  passion  of  all  lovers  to  be  so  affected ;  and  which 
JEiniUa.  told  Aretine  a  courtier,  in  Castilios  discourse,  ^surely 
Aretine,  if  thou  werst  not  so  indeed,  thou  didst  not  love:  infje- 
7iuonsly  cotfess;for  if  thou  hadst  been  throurjhhj  enamored, 
thou  icouldst  have  desired  nothitiy  more  then  to  please  thy  mis- 
tress.    For  that  is  the  law  of  love,  to  will  and  nill  the  same  ; 

^  Tantum  velle  et  nolle,  velit  nolit  quod  arnica. 

Undoubtedly  this  may  be  pronounced  of  them  all ;  they  are 
very  slaves,  drudges  for  the  time,  mad  men,  fools,  dizards, 
^  atrabilarii,  beside  themselves,  and  as  blind  as  beetles.  Their 
'*  dotage  is  most  eminent ;  Amare  simul  et  sapere  ipsi  Jovi  non 
datur,  as  Seneca  holds;  Jupiter  himself  cannot  love  and  be 
wise  both  together  ;  the  very  best  of  them,  if  once  they  be 
overtaken  w  ith  this  passion,  the  most  staid,  discreet,  grave, 
generous  and  wise,  otherwise  able  to  govern  themselves,  in 
tliis  commit  many  absurdities,  many  indecorums,  unbefitting 
their  gravity  and  persons. 

®  Quisquis  amat  senit,  seqiiitur  captivus  amantem, 
Fert  domita  cervice  jugum 

Sampson,  David,  Solomon,  Hercules,  Socrates,  &c.  are  justly 
taxed  of  indiscretion  in  this  point;  the  middle  sort  are  betwixt 
hawk  and  buzzard  ;  and  although  they  do  perceive  and  ac- 
knowledge their  own  dotage,  weakness,  fury,  yet  they  cannot 
withstand  it;  as  well  may  witness  those  expostulations  and 
confessions  of  Dido  in  Virgih 

f  Incipit  effari,  mediaque  in  voce  resistit.         Plimlra  in  Seneca. 

&  Quod  ratio  poscit,  vincit  ac  rcp^nat  furor, 
Po^ensquc  tola  mente  dominatur  Deus.  Myirha  in  *"  Ovid. 

J  11a  quidem  sentit,  fcedoque  repugnat  amori, 

*  Ijih.  2.  Certe  vix  crcdam,  et  bona  fide  fate  are,  Aretine.  te  non  amftsse  adeo  vehe- 
meuter;  ni  enim  vere.  amasses,  nihil  prins  aut-potins  optAssts,  qnnm  aniatje  mnlieri 
plactre.     Ea  enini  amoris  lex  est  idem  vtlle  et  nolle.  •>.Stroza  sil.  Epig. 

'  Qiiippe  liwc  omnia  ex  atra  Itile  et  amorc  poveniiinL  JasoD  Pratensis  >'  Immensas 
amor  ipsa  slultitia  est.     Cardan,  lib.  1.  dt- sapieutia.  ^^  Mautuau.  'Virg. 

-iilu.  4.  S  StuLca  Uii'pol.  ''Met.  10.  V 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Sym.ptomes  of  Love.  313 

Et  secum  :  Quo  mente  feror,  quid  molior?  inqult. 

Dii,  precor,  et  pieLas,  &c. 

She  sees  and  knows  her  fault,  and  doth  resist. 

Against  her  filthy  lust  she  doth  contend, 
And  whither  go  I,  what  am  I  about  ? 

And  God  forbid  ;  yet  doth  it  in  the  end.       Again, 

Pervigil  igne 

Carpitur  indomito,  furiosaque  vota  retrectat, 

Et  mode  desperat,  modo  vult  tentare,  pudetque 

Et  cupit,  et  quid  agat  non  invenit,  &c. 

With  raging  lust  she  burns,  and  now  recals 

Her  vow,  and  then  despairs  ;  and  when  'tis  past, 

Her  former  thoughts  she'l  prosecute  in  hast ; 

And  what  to  do  she  knows  not  at  the  last. 
She  will  and  will  not,  abhors ;  and  yet  as  Medea  did,  doth  it: 

Trahit  invitam  nova  vis,  aliudque  cupido, 

Mens  aliud  suadet ;  video  meliora,  proboque, 

Deteriora  sequor. 

Reason  pulls  one  way,  burning  lust  another ; 

She  sees  and  knows  what's  good,  but  she  doth  neither, 
a  0  fraus,  amorque,  et  mentis  emotee  furor, 

Quo  me  abstulistis  ? 
The  major  part  of  lovers  are  carried  headlong  like  so  many 
brute  beasts ;  reason  counsells  one  way ;  thy  friends,  fortunes, 
shame,  disgrace,  danger,  and  an  ocean  of  cares  that  will  cer- 
tainly follow;  yet  this  furious  lust  prsecipitates,  counter- 
poiseth,  weighs  down  on  the  other;  though  it  be  their  utter 
undoing,  perpetuall  infamy,  loss,  yet  they  will  do  it,  and  be- 
come at  last  insensate  void  of  sense  ;  degenerate  into  dogs, 
hogs,  asses,  brutes;  as  Jupiter  into  a  bull,  Apuleius  an  asse, 
Lycaon  a  wolf,  Tereus  a  lap-wing,  ''  Calisto  a  bear,  Elpenor 
and  Grillus  into  swine  by  Circe.  For  what  else  may  we  think 
those  ingenious  poets  to  have  shadowed  in  their  witty  fictions 
and  poems?  but,  that  a  man,  once  given  over  to  his  lust  (as 
*=  Fulgentius  interprets  that  of  Apuleius,  Alciat  of  Tereus)  is 
no  better  then  a  beast. 

•iRex  fueram,  sic  crista  docet,  sed  sordida  vita 
Immundam  e  tamo  culmine  fecit  avem. 
I  was  a  king,  my  crown  a  witness  is. 
But  by  my  filthiness  am  come  to  this. 
Their  blindness  is  all  out  as  great,  as  manifest  as  their  weak- 
ness and  dotage ;  or  rather  an  inseparable  companion,  an  ordi- 

a  Buchanan.  •>  An  immodest  woman  is  like  a  bear.  "^  Feram  induit  duni 

rosas  coraedat,  idem  ad  se  redeat,  d  Alciatns  de  upupu  Enibl.  Animal  imtnundum 

upupa  btercora  amans  ;  avf  hac  nihil  focdins,  nihil  libidiuosius.      Sabiu.  iu  Ovid.  Met. 


-^ 


314.  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  2. 

narvsign  of  ft.      ^Lovc  is  blind,  as  the  saying-  ig,  Cupids  blind, 
and' so  are  all  his  followers. 

Quisquis  amat  ranam,  ranam  putat  esse  Dianam. 
Every  lover  admires  his  mistress,  though  she  be  very  deformed 
of  her  self,  ill-favored,  wrinkled,  pimpled,  pale,  red,  yellow, 
tan'd,  tallow-faced,  have  a  s>volnjuglers  platter  face,  orathin, 
lean,  chitty  face,  have  clouds  in  her  face,  be  crooked,  dry, 
bald,g'og-g-le-ey'd,blear-ey'd  or  with  staring- eys,  she  looks  like 
asrpiisM  cat,  hold  her  head  still  awry,  heavy,  dull,hollow-ey'd, 
Idackoryellowabout  the  eys,orsquint-ey'd,  sparrow-mouthed, 
Persean  hook-nosed,  have  a  sharp  fox  nose,  a  red  nose,  China 
flat,  g-reat  nose,  nare  simo  patuloquc,  a  nose  like  a  promontory, 
gubber-tushed,  rotten  teeth,  black, uneven,  brown  teeth, beetle 
brow^id,  a  witches  beard,  her  breath  stink  all  over  the  room, 
her  nose  drop  winter  and  summer,  with  a  Bavarian  poke  under 
her  chin,  a  sharp  chin,  lave  eared,  with  a  long-  cranes  neck, 
which  stands  awry  too,  pendulis  mammis,  her  dugs  like  two 
double  jiigsy  or  else  no  dugs  in  the  other  extream,  bloody- 
faln-fingers,  she  have  filthy  long  unpaired  nails,  scabbed  hands 
or  wrists,  a  tan'd  skin,  a  rotten  carcass,  crooked  back,  she  stoops, 
is  lame,  splea-footed,  as  slender  hi  the  middle  as  a  cow  in  the 
7cast,  gowty  legs,  her  ankles  hang  over  her  shooes,  her  feet 
stink,  she  breed  lice,  a  meer  changeling,  a  very  monster,  an 
aufe  imperfect,  her  whole  complexion  savours,  an  harsh  voyce, 
incondite  gesture,  vile  gate,  a  vast  virago,  or  an  ugly  tit,  a  slug, 
a  fat  fustilugs,  a  trusse,  a  long  lean  rawbone,  a  skeleton,  a 
sneviker (si qualate7it  meliora jmta), andtothy  ]udgement\ooks 
like  a  mard  in  a  lanthorn,  whom  thou  couldst  not  fancy  for  a 
world,  but  hatest,  loathest,  and  wouldst  have  spit  in  her  face,  or 
blow  thy  nose  in  her  bosome,  rcmedivm  amoris  to  another  man, 
a  dowdy,  a  slut,  a  scold,  a  nasty,  rank,  rammy,  filthy,  beastly 
quean,  dishonest  peradventure,  obscene,  base,  beggerly,  rude, 
foolish,  untaught,  peevish,  Irus  daughter,  Thersites  sister, 
Grobians  scholler ;  if  he  love  her  once,  he  admires  her  for 
all  this,  he  takes  no  notice  of  any  such  errours,  or  imperfec- 
tions of  body  or  mind. 

^  Ipsa  heec  delectant,  veluti  Balbinum  polypus  Agnae  ; 
he  had  rather  have  her  then  any  woman  in  the  world.  If  he 
were  a  king,  she  alone  should  be  his  queen,  his  empress.  O 
that  he  had  but  the  wealth  and  treasure  of  both  the  Indies  to 
endoM' her  with  ;  a  carrack  of  diamonds,  a  chain  of  pearl,  a 
cascanct  of  jovels  (a  pair  of  calf  skin  gloves  of  four  pence  a 
pair  were  fitter),  or  some  such  toye,  to  send  her  for  a  token ;  she 

a  Love  is  like  a  false  glasse,  wliich  representa  every  thiog  fairer  then  it  is.        b  Hor. 
sat.  rb.  1.  sat.  3. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  315 

sljould  have  it  with  all  his  heart ;  he  would  spend  myriades  of 
crowns  for  her  sake.  Venus  herself,  Panthea,  Cleopatra,  Tar- 
quins  Tanaquil,  Herods  Marianine,  or  ^  Mary  of  Burgundy  if 
she  were  alive,  would  not  match  her. 

^  Vincet  Vultus  haec  Tyndarios, 
Qui  moverunt  horrida  bella. 

Let  Paris  himself  be  judge  ;  renowned  Helena  comes  short ; 
that  Rodopheian  Phillis,  Larissean  Corinis,  Babylonian 
Thysbe,  Polixena,  Laura,  Lesbia,  &c.  your  counterfeit  ladies 
were  never  so  fair  as  she  is. 

*^  Quicquid  erit  placidi,  lepidi,  grati,  atque  faceti, 
Vivida  cunctorum  retines  Pandora  Deorum. 
What  e're  is  pretty,  pleasant,  facete,  well, 
What  e're  Pandora  had,  she  doth  excell. 
"^  Dicebam  Trivise  formam  nihil  esse  Dianae. 

Diana  was  not  to  be  compar'd  to  her,  nor  Juno,  nor  Minerva, 
nor  any  goddess.  Thetis  feet  were  as  bright  as  silver  ;  the 
ancles  of  Hebe  clearer  then  chrystallj  the  arms  of  Aurora  as 
ruddy  as  the  rose  ;  Junes  breasts  as  white  as  snow ;  Minerva 
wise;  Venus  fair;  but  what  of  this  ?  Dainty  come  thou  tome. 
She  is  all  in  all  : 

^  Caelia  ridens 

Est  Venus,  incedens  Juno,  Minerva  loquens. 
*^  Fairest  of  fair,  that  fairnesse  doth  excell. 
Ephemerus  in  Aristasnetus,  so  far  admireth  his  mistress  good 
parts,  that  he  make  proclamation  of  them,and  challengethall 
comers  in  her  behalf.  °  Who  ever  saic  the  beauties  of  the  East, 
or  of  the  West  ?  let  them  come  from  all  quarters,  all,  and  tell 
truth,  if  ever  they  saio  such  an  excellent  feature  as  this  is,  A 
good  fellow  in  Petronius  cryes  out,  no  tongue  can  ^  tell  his 
ladies  fine  feature,  or  expresse  it.  Quicquid  dixeris  minus 
erit,  ^c. 

No  tongue  can  her  perfections  tell. 

In  whose  each  part  all  tongues  may  dwell. 

Most  of  your  lovers  are  of  his  humour  and  opinion.  She  is 
nulli  secunda,  a  rare  creature,  a  phoenix,  the  sole  commandress 
of  his  thoughts,  queen  of  his  desires,  his  only  delight :  as 
'  Triton  now  feelingly  sings,  that  love-sick  sea-god: 


=>  The  daughter  and  heir  of  Carolus  Pugnax.       bgeneca  in  Octavia.       c  Lcechaeus- 
JMantuan.  Eel.  1.        eAngerianus.  f  Faery  Queen  Cant.  lir.  4.  eEpist.  12. 

Quis  unquam  forraas  vidit  orientis,  quis  occidentis,  veniant  undique  onines,  et  dicant 
veracea,  an  tarn  insignera  viderint  formam.  ^  Nulla  vox  formam  ejus  possit  com- 

prehendere.  'Calcaguiui  dial,  Galat 


316  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2» 

Candida  Lcucothoe  placet,  et  placet  atra  Melsene, 
Sed  Galatea  placet  longe  magis  omnibus  una. 
Fair  Leucothc,  black  Melaene  please  me  well, 
But  Galatea  doth  by  ods  the  rest  excell. 

All  the  gracious  elegies,  metaphors,  Ijyberbolical  comparisons 
of  the  best  things  in  the  world,  the  most  glorious  names ;  what- 
soever, I  say,  is  pleasant, amiable,sweet,grateful,and  delicious, 
are  too  little  for  her. 

Phcebo  pulchrior  et  sorore  Phoebi. 
His  Phoebe  is  so  fair,  she  is  so  bright, 
She  dims  the  suns  lustre,  and  the  moons  light. 
Stars,  suns,  moones,  mettals,  sweet  smelling  flowers,  odours, 
perfumes,  colours,  gold,  silver,  ivory,  pearls,  pretious  stones, 
snow,  painted  birds,  doves,  hony,  sugar,  spice,  cannot  expresse 
lier;  ^so  soft,  so  tender,  so  radient,  sweet,  so  fair  is  she. 

MoUior  cuniculi  capillo,  &c. 

''  Lydia  bella,  puella  Candida, 
Quoe  bene  superas  lac,  et  lilium, 
Albamque  simul  rosam  et  rubicundam, 
Et  expolitum  ebur  Indicum. 
Fine  Lydia  my  mistress  white  and  fair, 
The  milk,  the  lilly  do  not  thee  come  neer ; 
The  rose  so  white,  the  rose  so  red  to  see, 
And  Indian  ivory,  comes  short  of  thee. 

Such  a  description  our  English  Homer  makes  of  a  fair  lady. 

"  er^at  (Snu'Ita  t|)at  foag  fntrer  to  ht  ^ttn, 
Cljen  {5  Iillp  upon  tfje  stalk  grctn : 
QnU  ixt^ln-  tj^cn  iH<i})  hjitlj  flolurrs  ntlu, 
iFor  tott^  tt)e  xo^t  colour  strobe  |)ci-  IjetD, 
3E  not  topics  ina^  i'bt  taixtx  of  tlje  tloo. 

In  tbis  very  phrase  ^  Polyphemus  courts  Galatea, 

Candidior  folio  nivei  Galatea  ligustri, 
Floridior  prate,  longu  jjrocerior  alno, 
Splcndidior  vitro,  tenero  lascivior  heedo,  &c. 
MoUior  et  cygni  plumis,  et  lacte  coacto. 
Whiter  Galet  the  white  withie-wind, 
Fresher  then  a  field,  higher  then  a  free. 
Brighter  then  a  glass,  more  wanton  then  a  kid, 
Softer  then  swans  down,  or  ought  that  may  be. 


OvwIt'lS.  'PetroniiCatalect  .  ^Chaucer  m  the  kDights  talc. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  L]         Symptomes  of  Love.  3\T 

So  she  admires  him  ag-ain  in  that  conceited  dialogue  of  Liician, 
which  Job n  Secund us,  an  elegant  Dutch  modern  poet,  hath 
translated  into  verse.  When  Doris  and  those  other  seanymphs, 
upbraided  her  with  her  ugly  niishapen  lover  Polyphemus,  she 
replyes;  they  speak  out  of  envy  and  malice  : 

Et  plane  invidia  hue  mera  vos  stimulare  videtur, 
Quod  non  vos  itidem  ut  me  Polyphemus  amet ; 

Say  what  they  could,  he  was  a  proper  man.  And  as  Heloissa 
writ  to  her  sweet-heart  Peter  Abelhardus,  Si  me  Auc/ustus 
orbis  imperator  uxorem  expeteret,  mallem  tua  esse  meretrix 
quam  orbis  imperatrix  ;  she  had  rather  be  his  vassal  or  quean, 
then  the  worlds  empress  or  queen. 

—non  si  me  Jupiter  ipse  forte  velit, 


she  would  not  change  her  love  for  Jupiter  himself. 

To  thy  thinking  she  is  a  most  loathsome  creature  ;  and  as 
when  a  countrey  fellow  discommended  once  that  exquisite 
picture  of  Helena,  made  by  Zeuxis,  ^for  he  saw  no  such  beauty 
in  it;  Nicomachus,  a  love-sick  spectator,  reply ed,  S?ime  tibi 
meos  ocnlos  et  Deam  existimabis  ;  take  mine  eys,  and  thou  wilt 
think  she  is  a  goddess ;  dote  on  her  forthwith  ;  count  all  her 
vices,  vertues;  her  imperfections,  infirmities,  absolute  and  per- 
fect: if  she  be  flat-nosed,  she  is  lovely;  if  hook-nosed,  kingly; 
if  dwarfish  and  little,  pretty ;  if  tall,  proper  and  man-like,  our 
brave  Brittish  Bunduica;  if  crooked,  wise;  if  monstrous, 
comely;  her  defects  are  no  defects  at  all;  she  hath  no  deformi- 
ties. Immo  nee  ipsum  amicm  stercus  foetet ;  Though  she  be 
nasty,  fulsome  as  Sosteatus  bitch,  or  Parmenos  sow :  thou 
hadst  as  lieve  have  a  snake  in  thy  bosome,  a  toad  in  thy  dish, 
and  callest  her  witch,  divel,  hag,  with  all  the  filthy  names  thou 
canst  invent;  he  admires  her  on  the  other  side;  she  is  his  idoll, 
lady,  mistress ''Venerill a,  queen,  the  quintessence  of  beauty, 
an  angel,  a  star,  a  goddess. 

c  Thou  art  my  Vesta,  thou  my  Goddess  art, 
Thy  hallowed  temple  onely  is  my  heart. 

The  fragrancy  of  a  thousand  curtesans  is  in  her  face ;  Nee 
pulchra  effigies  hcec  Cypridis  aut  Stratonices  ;  'Tis  not  Venus 
picture  that,  nor  the  Spanish  Infantas,  as  you  suppose,  (good 
Sir)  no  princess,  or  kings  daughter  ;  no,  no,  but  his  divine 
mistress  forsooth,   his  dainty  Dulcinea,  his  dear  Antiphila, 


a  Plutarch.     Sibi  dixit  tam  pulchram  non  videri,  &c.  ''  Qnanto  qu&m  Lncifer, 

aurea  Phcebe,  tanto  virginibus  conspectior  omnibus  Herce.    Ovid.  -      eMich, 

Drayton,  Son.  30. 


I! 


318  Love-Melanchohf.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

to  whose  service  he  is  wholly  consecrate,  whom  he  alone 
adores. 

•''  Cui  comparatus  indecens  erit  pavo, 
Inamabilis  sciurus,  et  frequcns  phoenix. 
To  whom  confer'd,  a  peacocks  undecent,  fy., 

A  squirrels  harsh,  a  phoenix  too  frequent.  '     \ 

All  the  graces,  veneries,  eleg-ances,  pleasures  attend  her.  He 
prefers  her  before  a  rayriade  of  court  ladies. 

''He  that  commends  Phillis  or  Nereea, 
Or  Amarillis,  or  Galatea, 
Tityrus  or  Melibaea,  by  your  leave, 
Let  him  be  mute,  his  love  the  praises  have. 

Nay,  before  all  the  gods  and  goddesses  themselves.  So 
^  Quintus  Catullus  admired  his>quint-ey'd  friend  Roscius. 

Pace  mihi  liceat  (Ccelestes)  dicere  vestra, 

Mortalis  visus  pulchrior  esse  Deo. 
By  your  leave,  gentle  Gods,  this  I'll  say  true. 
There's  none  of  you  that  have  so  fair  an  hew. 

All  the  bumbast  epithetes,  patheticall  adjuncts,  incompariihly 
fair,  curiously  neat,  divine,  sweet,  dainty,  delitious,  &c.  pretty 
diminutives,  corc?</Mm,.f7^«y*o/Mw«,  6,c.  pleasant  names  may  be 
invented,  bird,  mouse,  lamb,  puss,  ])ioeon,  pigsney,  kid,  hony, 
love,  dove,  chicken,  &c.  he  puts  on  her. 

^  Meum  mel,  mea  suavitas,  meum  cor, 
Meum  suaviolum,  mei  lepores. 

My  life,  ray  light,  my  Jewell,  my  glory.  ^  Margareta  speciosa, 
cujus  respectu  omnia  mundi  pretiosa  sordent ;  my  sweet  Mar- 
garet, my  sole  delight  ana  darling.  'And  as  Rhodomant 
courted  Isabella; 

By  all  kind  words,  and  gestures  that  he  might, 
He  calls  her  his  dear  heart,  his  sole  belov'd, 
Hisjoyfull  comfort,  and  his  sweet  delight. 
His  mistress,  and  his  goddess,  and  such  names 
As  loving  knights  apply  to  lovely  dames. 

Every  cloth  she  wears,  every  fashion  pleaseth  him  above  mea- 
sure ;  her  hand, 

O  quales  digitos,  quas  habet  ilia  manus ! 


'vv' 


»  Martial.  1. 5.  epig.  38.  bAriosto.  'Tully  lib.  1.  de  nat.  Deor. 

Palclirior  Deo,  et  tamen  prat  oculis  perversissimis.  <^  MaruUus  ad  Neteram 

epig.  1.  lib.  e  Barthius.  '  Ariosto,  lib.  29.  hist.  8. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptome's  of  Love.  319 

pretty  foot,  pretty  coronets,  her  sweet  carrlag-e,  sweet  voyce, 
tone,  O  that  pretty  tone,  her  divine  and  lovely  looks,  her  every 
thing,  lovely,  sweet,  amiable,  and  pretty,  pretty,  pretty.  Her 
very  name  (let  it  be  what  it  will)  is  a  most  pretty  pleasing- 
name  :  I  beleeve  now  there  is  some  secret  povver  and  vertue  in 
names,  every  action,  sight,  habit,  gesture;  he  admires,  whether 
she  play,  sing-  or  dance,  in  what  tyres  soever  she  goeth,  how 
excellent  it  was,  how  well  it  became  her,  never  the  like  seen 
or  heard. 

^  Mille  habet  ornatus,  mille  decenter  habet. 

Let  her  wear  what  she  will,  do  what  she  will,  say  what  she 
will;  ^ 

^  Quicquid  enim  dicit,  seu  facit,  omne  decet. 
He  applauds  and  admires  every  thing  she  wears,  saith  or  doth; 

^  Illam  quicquid  agit,  quoque  vestigia  vertit, 
Composuit  furtim  subsequiturque  decor  ; 
Seu  solvit  crines,  fusis  decet  esse  capillis, 
Seu  compsit,  comptis  est  reverenda  comis. 

What  ere  she  doth,  or  whither  ere  she  go, 
A  sweet  and  pleasing  grace  attends,  forsooth ; 

Or  loose,  or  bind  her  hair,  or  comb  it  up, 
She's  to  be  honoured  in  what  she  doth. 

^  Vestem  induitnr,  Jormosa  est;  exuiter,  tota  forma  est;  let 
her  be  dressed  or  undressed,  all  is  one  ;  she  is  excellent  still ; 
beautiful,  fair,  and  lovely  to  behold.  Women  do  as  much  by 
men ;  nay  more,  far  fonder,  weaker,  and  that  by  many  para- 
sanges.  Come  to  me,  my  dear  Lycias  (saith  Musarium  in 
^  Aristaenetus)  come  quickly,  sweet-heart  ;  all  other  men  are 
satyres,  meer  cloicns,  block-heads  to  thee,  no  body  to  thee :  Thy 
looks,  words,  gestures,  actions,  8iC.  are  incomparably  beyond  all 
others.  Venus  was  never  so  much  besotted  on  her  Adonis ; 
Phaedra  so  delighted  in  Hippolitus;  Ariadne  in  Theseus; 
Thysbe  in  her  Pyramus,  as  she  is  enamoured  on  her  Mopsus. 

Be  thou  the  marygold,  and  I  will  be  the  sun ; 
Be  thou  the  frier,  and  I  will  be  the  nun. 

I  could  repeat  centuries  of  such.  Now  tell  me  what  greater 
dotage,  or  blindnesse  can  there  be  then  this  in  both  .exes  ? 
and  yet  their  slavery  is  more  eminent,  a  greater  sign  of  their 
folly  then  the  rest. 


aTibullus.  b  Marul.  lib.  2.  c  Tibulliis  1.  4.  de  Sulpitia.  <i  Ariste- 

netus,  Epist.  1.  eEpjst.  24.  Veni  cito  charissime  Lycia,  cito  veni ;  pra;  te 

satyri  omnes  videntur,  non  homines,  &c. 


320  Love-Melancholij.  [Part.  3.  Soc.  2. 

They  arc  commonly  slaves,  captives,  voluntary  servants:; 
Amator  amicfr  tnaucipium,  as  "Castillo  terms  him  ;  his  mis- 
tress servant,  iier  tlru(l«-e,  prisoner,  bond-man,  what  not? 
He  composeth  himficlJ'ialwHii  lo  hrr  (ij/'rcfio'is,  to  p/casr  her  ; 
and  as  jEmilia  said,  makes  himspffher  lackei/.  All  his  cares, 
actions,  all  his  ihoiKjhts,  are  suhordinat.e  to  her  will  and  com- 
mandment;  her  most  devote,  obsequious,  aiFectionate  servant 
and  vassal!.  For  love  (as  ''  Cyrus  in  Xenophon  well  observed) 
is  a  meer  tyranny  ;  irorse  then  any  disease  ;  and  they  that  are 
troubled  with  it,  desire  to  he  free  and  cannot,  hut  are  harder 
hound  then  if  they  iccre  in  iron  chains.  What  greater  cap- 
tivity or  slavery  can  there  be  (as  "^  Tully  expostulates)  then  to 
bee  in  love  ?  Is  he  a  free  man  over  7vhom  a  tvoman  domineers, 
to  lohom  she  prescribes  laices,  commands,  forbids  what  she 
will  her  self?  That  dares  deny  nothing  she  demands  ;  she 
asks,  he  (jives  ;  she  calls,  he  comes ;  she  threatens,  he  fears  ; 
Nequissimum  hunc  servuni  puto  ;  I  account  this  man  a  very 
drudge.  And  as  he  follows  it,  '^  Is  this  no  small  servitude 
for  an  enamorite  to  he  every  hour  combing  his  head,  stif' 
ning  his  heard,  perfuming  his  hair,  washing  his  face  with 
sweet  waters,  painting,  curling,  and  not  to  come  abroad  but 
sprucely  croimied,  decked ayid  apparelled?  Yet  these  are  but 
toyes  in  respect  to  go  to  the  barber,  baths,  theatres,  &c.  he 
must  attend  upon  her  wherever  she  goes  ;  run  along  the 
streets  by  her  doors  and  windows  tosee  her;  take  all  opportuni- 
ties, sleeveless  errands,  disguise,  counterfeitshapes,  and  as  many 
forms  as  Jupiter  himself  ever  took;  and  come  every  day  to  her 
house  (as  he  will  surely  do  if  he  be  truly  enamoured)  and  offer 
her  service,  and  follow  her  up  and  down  from  room  to  room, 
as  Lucretias  suiters  did  ;  he  cannot  contain  himself,  but  he 
will  do  it;  he  must  and  will  be.  where  she  is,  sit  next  her,  still 
talking  with  her.  "  If  I  did  but  let  my  glove  fall  by  chance  (as 
the  said  Aretines  Lucretia  brags)  /  had  one  of  my  suiters,  nay^ 
two  or  three  at  once,  ready  to  stoop  and  take  it  up,  and  kiss 
it ;  ayid  u'ith  a  loio  congy,  deliver  it  unto  me :  If  I  would  walk, 
another  was  ready  to  sustain  me  by  the  arm  ;  a  third  to  pro* 


a  Lib.  3.  lie  aulico.    Alterius  affectui  se  totum  componit,  totiw  placere  studet,  et 
ipsius  aiiiinnm  amat;L>  pedis.seqnam  facit.  'jCyroptud.  1.  5.  Amor  servitus,  et  qui 

amant  oplant  eo  liberari  non  sccus  ac  alio  quovis  morbo,  neffiie  liberari  tamen  pos- 
siint,  sed  validiore  ncct'ssitate  ligati  sunt  quani  si  in  IVirea  viiiciila  conjecti  forent. 
<■  In  paradoxis.  An  ille  miiii  liber  videtur  cui  mulier  iinperat  ?  cui  leges  imponit, 
prasscribit,  jubet,  vetat  qiiod  videtur?  Qui  nihil  iniperanti  negat,  nihil  audet,  &c. 
poscit  ?  dandum ;  vocat  ?  venienduin  ;  minatur  ?  extimescendum.  d  Illane 

parva  est  servitus  amatoruni  singulis  fere  horia  pectine  capilluui,  calamistroque  barbani 
couiponere,  facieni  aquis  redolentibus  diluere?  &c.  *^  Si  quando  iu 

pavinientuni  incautius  quid  uiihi  excidisset,  elevare  inde  quam  promptissime,  nee  nisi 
osculo  coDipacto  mihi  commendarc,  &c. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  321 

vide  fruits,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  or  whatsoever  I  would  eat 
or  drink.  All  this  and  much  more  he  doth  in  her  presence  ; 
and  when  he  comes  home,  as  Troilus  on  his  Cressid,  'tis  all 
his  meditation  to  recount  with  himself  his  actions,  words,  ges- 
tures; what  entertainment  he  had,  how  kindly  she  used  him 
in  such  a  place,  how  she  smiled,  how  she  graced  him,  and  that 
infinitely  pleased  him  ;  then  he  breaks  out,  O  sweet  Areusa  ! 
Omy  dearest  Antiphila!  O  most  divine  looks!  O  lovely  graces! 
and  thereupon  instantly  he  makes  an  epigram,  or  a  sonnet  to 
five  or  seven  tunes,  in  her  commendation;  or  else  he  ruminates 
how  she  rejected  his  service,  denied  him  a  kiss,  disgraced  him, 
&c.  and  that  as  eftectually  torments  him.  And  these  are  his 
exercises  betwixt  comb  and  glass,  madrigals,  elegies,  &c.  these 
bis  cogitations  till  he  see  her  again.  But  all  this  is  easie  and 
ffentle,and  the  least  part  of  his  labour  and  bondage;  no  hunter 
will  take  such  pains  for  his  game,  fowler  for  his  sport,  or  soul- 
dier  to  sack  a  city,  as  he  will  for  his  mistress  favour. 

Ipsa  comes  veniam,  neque  me  salebrosa  movebunt 
Saxa,  nee  oblique  dente  timendus  aper. 

As  Phaedra  to  Hippolitus.  No  danger  shall  affright.  For  if 
that  be  true  the  poets  fain,  Love  is  the  son  of  Mars  and  Venus; 
as  he  hath  delights,  pleasures,  elegancies  from  his  mother,  so 
hath  he  hardness,  valour,  and  boldness  from  his  father.  And 
'tis  true  that  Bernard  hath ;  Amore  nihil  mollius,  nihil  violeji- 
tins,  nothing  so  boisterous,  nothing  so  tender  as  love.  Jf  once 
therefore  enamored,  he  will  go,  run,  ride  many  a  mile  to  meet 
her,  day  and  night,  in  a  very  dark  night,  endure  scorching 
heat,  cold,  wait  in  frost  and  snow,  rain,  tempests,  till  his  teeth 
chatter  in  his  head;  those  northern  winds  and  showrs  cannot 
cool,  or  quench,  his  flames  of  love.  Intempestd  nocte  non  de- 
terretur,  he  will,  take  my  word,  he  will  sustain  hunger,  thirst, 
Penetrabit  omnia,  perrumpet  omnia,  love  will  find  out  a  way, 
through  thick  and  thin  he  will  to  her ;  Expeditissimi  montes 
videntur  amnes  tranabiles,  he  will  swim  through  an  ocean,  ride 
post  over  the  Alpes,  Apenine  or  Pirenean  hills, 

algnem  marlsque  fluctus,  atque  turbines 
Venti  paratus  est  transire, 

though  it  rain  daggers  with  theu"  points  downward,  light  or 
dark,  all  is  one  : 

Roscida  per  tenebras  Faunus  ad  antra  venit ; 
for  her  sweet  sake  he  will  undertake  Hercules  twelve  labours; 


^  Plutarchus  araat  dial. 
VOL.  II. 


322  Love- Melancholy.  [Part,  3.  Sec.  2. 

ciulnre,  hazard,  Sec.  ho  fools  it  not.  ""  Wfiaf  shall  T  aaij  (saith 
IhviXxu)  of  their  f/irat  dunr/eis  they  wideryo,  sinyle  combats 
they  undertake.,  how  they  will  ventvre  their  lives,  creep  in  at 
windotcs,  yutterft,  climb  over  walls  to  come  to  their  sweet-hearts., 
(anointing-  the  iloors  and  hinges  with  oyl,  because  they  shonhi 
not  creak,  tread  soft,  swim,  wade,  watcli,  &c.)  and  if  they  be 
surprised,  leap  out  at  windows.^  cast  themselves  headlony  down, 
bruisinr/  or  breakiny  their  leys  or  arms,  and  sometimes  loosinq 
life  it  self,  as  Calisto  did  tor  his  lovely  Meliba\i.  Hear  some 
of  their  own  confessions,  protestations,  complaints,  proffers, 
expostulations,  wishes,  brutish  attempts,  labours  in  this  kind. 
Hercules  served  Omphale,  put  on  an  aprono,  took  a  distafio 
and  spun ;  Thraso  the  souldier  was  so  submissc  to  Thais  that 
he  was  resolved  to  do  whatsoever  she  enjoyned.  ^'  Eyo  me 
Thaidi  dedam,  at  faciam  (juod  jnhet,  I  am  at  her  service. 
Philostratus  in  an  epistle  to  his  mistress;  '^  I  am  ready  to  dye, 
.fweet-heart,  if  it  he  thy  ivill;  allay  his  thirst  whom  thy  star 
hath  scorched  and  undone ;  the  fountains  and  river  deny  no  man 
drink  that  comes ;  the  fountain  doth  riot  say  thou  shalt  not 
drink,  nor  the  apple  thou  shalt  not  eat,  nor  the  fair  meadow, 
tvalk  not  in  me,  but  thou  alone  wilt  not  let  me  come  near  thee, 
or  see  thee;  contemned  and  despised,  I  dye  for  yrief.  Polien  us, 
M'hcn  his  mistress  Circe  did  but  frown  upon  him,  iu  Petro- 
nius,  drew  his  sword,  aiid  bad  her'  kill,  stab  or  whip  him  to 
death;  ho  would  strip  himself  naked,  aud  notresist.  Another 
will  take  a  journey  to  Japan,  longce  naviyationis  niolestias  non 
curans:  A  third  (if  she  say  it)  v.  ill  not  speak  a  word  for  a 
twelve-months  space;  her  command  shall  be  most  inviolably 
kept;  A  fourth  will  take  Hercules  club  from  him,  and  with 
that  centurion  in  the  Spanish  ^  Cnelestina,  will  kill  ten  men 
for  his  mistress  Areusa,  for  a  word  of  her  mouth,  he  will  cut 
bucklers  in  two.  like  pippins,  and  flap  down  men  like  flies; 
I^liye  (p/o  mortis  yenere  ilium,  occidi  cupis?  '  (ialeatus  of 
Mantua  <lid  a  little  more  :  for  when  he  was  almost  mad  for 
love  of  a  fur  maid  in  the  ci«y,  she,  to  try  him  (belike)  what 
ho  would  do  for  her  sake,  bad  him,  in  jest,  leap  into  the 
river  Po,  if  he  loved  her;  ho  forthwith  did  leap  headlong- 


3  Lib.  1.  De  contem,  amor.  Quid  referaiii  eornin  pericniaetclades,  qui  in  ainicarum 
aedes  per  fenestras  inffressi,  stillicidiaque  egressi,  iudeque  deturl)ati,  sedaut  prxcipites, 
niembni  frangunt,  collidunt,  aut  auimain  aniiltunt  bTer.  Eunuch.  Act.  .'J.  Seen.  8. 

c  I'aratus  sum  ad  obeundaiu    morteni,  si  tu  jubeas ;  banc  sitim  .ustuantis  seda,  queni 
tuuin  tjidu.s  penlidit:  aquiv,  et  fonte.s  non  nejjant,  &c.  <l  Sioccidere  placet,  fierrum 

ineum  vides;  si  verberibus  contentaes,  curro  nudu.sud  poenani.  "Act.  15.  18. 

liDperamihi;  occidain  decern  viros,  &.c.  '(Jasper.  Ens.     Puellam  niisere  depe- 

rifiis,  per  jocum,  al»  efi  in  Paduni  desilire  jiissns,statiin  e  ponte  se  pra^c.ipitavit.  Alius, 
i'ii  ino,  iiisano  an>ore  aniens,  ab  aiiiica  jussua  se  susi)enjere,  illico  fecit. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  ]■]        Sipuptomes  of  Love.  32-J 

off  the  bridge,  and  was  drowned.  Another  at  Ficiniim,  in 
like  passion,  when  Iiis  mistress  by  chance  (thinking-  no  harm 
I  dare  sware)  bad  him  go  hang;  the  next  night,  at  her  doors 
hanged  himself.  ^  Mony  (saith  Xenophon)  is  a  very  accept- 
able  and  welcome  guest,  yet  I  had  rather  give  it  my  dear 
Clinia,  then  take  it  of  others  ;  I  had  rather  serve  him,  then 
command  others ;  1  had,  rather  he  his  drudge,  then  take  my 
ease,  undergo  any  danger  for  his  sake,  then  live  in  security. 
For  I  had  rather  see  Clinia  then  all  the  world  besides  ;  and 
had  rather  ivant  the  sight  of  all  other  things,  then  him  alone; 
I  am  angry  with  the  night  and  sleep,  that  I  may  not  see  him  ; 
and  thank  the  light  and  sun,  hecanse  they  sheio  me  my  Clinia. 
I  will  run  into  the  fire  for  his  sake  ;  and  if  yon  did  hut  see 
him,  I  knoiv  that  you  likewise  ivould  run  ivith  me.  So 
Philostratus  to  his  mistress,  ^  Command  me  what  you  will, 
I  ivill  do  it :  hid  me  go  to  sea,  J  am  gone  in  an  instant ; 
take  so  many  stripes,  I  am.  ready :  run  through  the  fire,^  and 
lay  down  my  life  and  soule  at  thy  feet,  His  done.  So  ^.lid 
iEoliis  to  .Juno : 

Tuus,  6  regina,  quod  optas 

Explorare  labor,  mihi  jussa  capessere  fas  est. 

O  queen,  it  is  thy  pains  to  enjoyn  me  still. 
And  I  am  bound  to  execute  thy  will. 

And  Phsedra  to  Hippolitus  : 

Me  vel  sororem,  Hippolite,  aut  famulam  vocn, 
Famulamque  potius,  omue  servitium  feram. 

O  call  me  sister,  call  me  servant,  chuse, 
Or  rather  sei-vant,  I  am  thine  to  use. 

'^Non  me  per  altas  ire  si  jul)eas  nives, 
Pio;eat  gelatis  ingredi  Pindi  jugis, 
Non  si  per  ignes  ire,  aut  infesta  agmina, 
Cuncter,  paratus  '^  ensibus  pectus  dare. 
Te  tunc  jubere,  me  decet  jussa  exequi. 


alntelligopeciiniam  rem  esse  jiicundissimam,  meam  tamen  libentius  darem  Cliniae, 
qnam  ab  aliis  acciperem :  libentius  hiiic  servirem,  quam  aliis  imperarem,  &c.  Noctem 
et  somnum  accuse,  quod  ilium  non  videatn;  liici  autem'et  soli  gratiam'habeo,  quod  mihi 
Cliniam  ostendant.  Ego  etiam  cum  Clinia  in  ignem  currerem  ;  et  scio  vos  quoque  me- 
cum  ins^ressuros,  si  videretis.  ^  Impera  quidvis  ;  navigare  jube,  navem  conscendo  : 

plagas  accipere,  plector ;  animam  profundere,  in  ignem  currere  non  recuso ;  lubens 
facie.  c  Seneca  in  Hipp.  act.  2.  d  Hujus  ero  vivns,  mortuus  hujus  ero. 

Propert.  lib.  2.    Vivam  si  vivat ;  si  cadat  ilia,  cadain.  Id. 

y2 


324  Love-Melancholy .  [l^art.  3.  Sec.  2. 

It  shall  not  grieve  me  to  the  snowy  hills. 
Or  frozen  Pindus  tops  forthwith  to  clime, 
Or  run  through  fiie,  or  throuj;-h  an  army. 
Say  but  the  word,  for  I  am  alwaies  thine. 

Callicratides,  in  ^Lucian,  breaks  out  into  this  passionate 
speech;  O  f/od  oj"  heaven,  rjrant  me  this  life  J  or  ever,  to  siit 
over  af/ainst  imj  mistress,  and  to  hear  her  sweet  voyce  ;  to  yo 
in  and  out  with  her,  to  have  every  other  business  common  with 
her ;  I  would  labour  irhen  she  labours,  saile  when  she  sailcs  ; 
he  that  hates  her  thouldhdte  me  ;  and  if  a  tyrant  kill  her,  he 
should  kill  me ;  if  she  should  dye,  I  would  not  live,  and  one 
grave  should  hold  us  both. 

^  Finiet  ilia  meos  moriens  morientis  amores. 

Abrocomus,  in  •^Aristsenetus,  makes  the  like  petition  for  his 
Delphia; 

'^  Tecum  vivere  amem,  tecum  obeam  lubens. 

'Tis  the  same  strain  which  Theagines  used  to  his  Chariclea, 
So  that  1  may  but  enjoye  thy  love,  let  me  dye  presently  :  Le- 
ander  to  his  Hero  when  he  besought  the  sea  waves  to  letliim 
go  quietly  to  his  love,  and  kill  him  coming  back* 

e  Parcite  dum  propero,  mergite  dum  redeo. 

'Tis  the  common  humour  of  them  all,  to  contemn  death,  to 
wish  for  death,  to  confront  death  in  this  case  ;  Quippe  (puts 
nee  f era,  nee  iynis,  ne(jue  prwcipitium,  vec  f return,  nee  ensis, 
ne(pie  la(pteus  yravia  videntur  ;  'Tis  their  desire  (saith  Tyrius) 
to  dye. 

Haud  timet  mortem,  cupit  ire  in  ipsos 
obvius  eases. 

Though  a  tiiousand  dragons  ordivels  keep  the  gates,  Cerberus 
himself,  Scyron  and  Procrustes  lay  in  wait,  and  the  way  as 
dangerous,  as  inaccessible  as  hell,  through  fiery  tlames  and  over 
Inirning  coulters,  he  will  adventure  for  all  this.  And  as  'Peter 
Abelhardus  lost  his  testicles  for  his  Heloisa,  he  will  (I  say) 
not  venture  an  incision, butlifeit  self.  For  howmanygallants 
ottered  to  lose  their  lives  for  a  nights  lodging  with  Cleopa- 
tra in  those  daycs  3  and  in  the  hour  and  moment  of  death,  'tis 


*Dial.  Anioruni,  jVlihi,  o  JJii  ccelestes,  ultra  sitvita  liac  perpetua,  ex  adverso  arnica: 
sedere,  et  suave  luqutiiteui  audire,  Kc.  si  nioriatur,  vivere  mm  sustinebo,  et  idem  erit 
sepulcrum  utrisqiiH.  •'Kuclianan.  cEpist.  21.     Sithoc  votiim  a 

Diis,  ainare  Uelphidem,  ab  ea  ainari,  allotiiii  piilchram  et  locjuenteui  aiidire.         JHor. 
'Mart.  'Lege  Calaiiiitates  Pet.  Abelliardi  Epist  prima. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  I.]      Symptom^s  of  Love.  325 

their  sole  comfort  to  remember  their  dear  mistress,  as  ^  Zer- 
bino  slain  in  France,  and  Brandimart  in  Barbary;  as  Arcite 
did  his  Emely. 

|9u5Jtelf  hotij  U^  tp^,  ants  falfelr  fg  iji^  hvmth 
38ut  on  W  latfi?  pet  ca^tttij  ftt  life  t^t, 
W^  la^t  ioorlf  l«a5,  mcrcj)  <Jf  mcli), 
?i)i5  5ptvtt  cljaiis'If,  anU  nut  Snent  tj^crc, 
M|)tti)cr  £  cannot  ttXl,  ne  tDficrc. 

"  When  captain  Gobrias,  by  an  unlucky  accident,  had  received 
his  deaths  wound,  Jieu  me  miserum  exclamat,  miserable  man 
that  I  am,  (instead  of  other  devotions)  he  cries  out,  shall  I  dye 
before  I  see  Rhodanthe  ray  sweet  heart  ?  Sic  amor  mortem 
(saith  mine  author)  aut  quicqnid  humankus  accidit,  asperna- 
tnr,  so  love  triumphs,  contemns,  insults,  over  death  itself. 
Thirteen  proper  yong  men  lost  their  lives  for  that  fair  Hippo- 
damias  sake,  the  daughter  of  Onomaus,  king  of  Elis;  when 
that  hard  condition  was  proposed  of  death  or  victory,  they 
made  no  account  of  it;  but  couragiously  for  love  died,  till 
Pelops  at  last  won  her  by  a  slight.  "*  As  many  gallants  des- 
perately adventured  their  dearest  blood,  for  Atalanta  the 
daughter  of  Schenius,  in  hope  of  marriage,  all  vanquished 
and  overcome,  till  Hippomenes,  by  a  few  golden  apples,  hap- 
pily obtained  his  suit.  Perseus  of  old,  fought  with  a  sea 
monster,  for  Andromedas  sake  ;  and  our  S'.  George  freed  the 
kings  daughter  of  Sabea  (the  golden  legend  is  mine  author) 
that  was  exposed  to  a  dragon,  by  a  terrible  combat.  Our 
knights  errant,  and  the  Sir  Lancelots  of  these  dayes,  I  hope 
will  adventure  as  much  for  ladies  favours,  as  the  Squire  of 
Dames,  Knight  of  the  Sun,  Sir  Bevis  of  Southampton,  or  that 
renowned  peere 

«  Orlando,  who  long  time  had  loved  dear 
Angelica  the  fair,  and  for  her  sake 
About  the  world  in  nations  far  and  near, 
Did  high  attempts  perform  and  undertake ; 

he  is  a  very  dastard,  a  coward,  a  block  and  a  beast,  that  will 
not  do  as  much,  but  they  will,  sure  they  will ;  for  it  is  an  or- 
dinary thing,  fo.r  these  enamoratos  of  our  times,  to  say  and  do 
more ;  to  stab  their  arms,  carouse  in  blood :  ^  or,  as  that  Thes- 
salian  There,  that  bit  off  his  own  thumb,  provocans  rivalem 


'^  Ariosto.  b  Chancer  id  the  Knights  lale.  ^  Theodoriis  prodromos 

Amorum,  lib.  6.  interpret.  Gaulmino.  ""Ovid.  10.  Met.  Plyginiis  c.  185. 

'■  Ariost.  lib.  I.  cant.  i.  .staff.  5.  f  Pint.  dial.  amor. 


326  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

ad  hoc  aiiuilandum',  to  make  his  conivnl  do  as  inucli.  'Tis 
ricqut'Mt  with  tlieiii,  to  challenge  the  fieUI,  fur  their  lady  and 
iuistrcKS  sake,  to  run  a  tilt; 

''  That  either  bears  (so  furiously  they  meet) 
The  other  down  under  the  horses  ieet, 

and  then  up,  and  to  it  again  : 

And  with  their  axes  both  so  sorely  pour, 
That  neither  plate  nor  rauile  sustained  the  stour. 
But  rivekl  wreak  like  rotten  wood  asunder, 
And  fire  did  tlash,  like  lightning  after  dmnder; 

and  in  her  quarrel,  to  fight  so  iong^  tilltheir  head  piece,  buck- 
le is  be  all  broken,  and  sicordx  hackt  like  so  many  saws;  for 
they  must  not  see  her  abused  in  any  sort ;  'tis  blasphemy  to 
s|)eak  against  her  ;  a  dishonour,  without  all  good  respect,  to 
name  her.  'Tis  common  with  these  creatures,  to  drink  '^  healths 
upon  their  bare  knees,  though  it  were  a  mile  to  the  bottome 
(no  matter  of  what  mixture)  oti'it  comes.  If  she  bid  them  they 
will  go  barefoot  to  Jerusalem ;  to  the  great  Chams  court; ''  to  the 
East  Indies,  to  fetch  her  a  bird  to  wear  in  her  hat ;  and,  M'ith 
Drake  and  Candish,  sail  round  about  the  world  for  ber  sweet 
siikc,  adrersis  vends ;  serve  twice  seven  years,  as  Jacob  did 
for  Rachel ;  do  as  much  as  "^  Gesmunda,  the  daughter  of  Tan- 
crcdus  prince  of  Salerna,  did  for  Guisardus  her  true  love,  eat 
his  heart  when  he  died  ;  or,  as  Artemesia  drank  her  husiiands 
bones  beaten  to  powder,  and  so  bury  him  in  herself;  and  en- 
dure more  torments  then  Theseus  or  Paris,  1:^1  his  colitur 
Venus  maffis  quam  ikure,  et  victinusy  with  such  sacrifices  as 
these  (as  *"  AristaBuetiis  holds)  Venus  is  well  pleased.  Gene- 
rally, they  undertake  any  j)ain,  any  labour,  any  toyl,  for  their 
unstress  sake;  love  and  admire  a  servant,  not  to  her  alone, 
but  to  all  her  friends  and  followers;  they  hug  and  endjrace 
them  for  her  sake;  her  dog,  picture,  and  everything  she 
wears,  they  adore  it  as  a  reiitjiie.  If  any  man  come  from  her, 
ihey  feast  him,  reward  him,  will  not  be  out  of  Ids  company, 
do  him  all  oflices,  still  remembring,  still  talking  of  her : 

^  Nam  si  abest  quod  ames,  proesto  sipudacra  tamen  sunt 
lllius,  et  nomen  dulce  obversatur  ad  aures. 


"  Faery  Qiictn,  cant.  1.  lit).  4.  &  rant.  3.  lib.  4.     ''■  ''Dum  cassia  |>cr<ii!>a,  tiisis 

instar  scrra.  exri.siis,  scutuui,  Jfec.  Bartliiiis  Cft'lfsliu;;.  c  Li-shia  sex  cyathis, 

sepleiii  Justiiia  Itibatur.  "'As  XantUus  foi  tlie  love  of  Eurippe;  Ouineui  lCiiro|iam 

ixidgidvit.  IV.rtlieiiius  Erot.  cap.  8.  *  Btroalduj  e  Bocacio.  ;  'lipibt.  17 

I- 1'.  fc'Lucietiuii. 


3Iem,  4.  Subs.  1.]       Sifniptomes  of  Love,  327 

The  very  carrier,  that  comes  from  him  to  her,  is  a  most 
welcome  guest :  and  if  he  bring  a  letter,  she  will  read  it 
twenty  times  over  :  and  as  ^  Lucretia  did  by  Eurialus,  kiss  the 
letter  a  thousand  times  together,  and  then  read  it :  And  *>  Che- 
lidonia  by  Phdonius,  after  many  sweet  kisses  put  the  letter  in 
her  bosome ; 

And  kiss  again,  and  often  look  thereon, 
And  stay  the  messenger,  that  would  be  gone  : 

And  ask  many  pretty  questions,  over  and  over  again  ;  as  how 
he  looked,  what  he  did,  and  what  he  said?  In  a  word, 

•=  Vult  placere  sese  araicre,  vult  mihi,  vult  pedissequse, 
Vult  famulis,  vult  etiam  ancillis,  et  catulo  meo. 

He  strives  to  please  his  mistress,  and  her  maid, 
Her  servants,  and  her  dog,  and  's  well  apaid. 

If  he  get  any  remnant  of  hers,  a  busk-point,  a  feather  of  her 
fan,  a  shooe-tye,  a  lace,  a  ring,  a  bracelet  of  hair, 

^  Pignusque  direptum  lacertis, 
Aut  digito  male  pertinaci, 

he  wears  it  for  a  favour  on  his  arm,  in  his  hat,  linger,  or  next 
bis  heart.  Her  picture  he  adores  [twice  a  day,  and  for  two 
houres  together  will  not  look  off  it :  As  Laodamia  did  by  Pro- 
tesilaus,  when  he  went  to  war  ;  ^  Sit  at  home  icith  his  picture 
'before  her :  a  garter  or  a  bracelet  of  hers  is  more  pretious  then 
any  saints  relique;  he  lays  it  up  in  his  casket,  (0  blessed  re- 
lique)  and  every  day  will  kiss  it :  if  in  her  presence,  his  ey«  is 
never  off  her ;  and  drink  he  will  where  she  drank,  if  it  be  pos- 
sible, in  that  very  place,  &c.  If  absent,  he  will  walk  in  the 
walk ;  sit  lunder  that  tree  where  she  did  use  to  sit ;  in  that 
bowr,  in  that  very  seat ; 

et  foribus  miser  oscula  figit 

many  yeers  after  sometimes;  tbough  she  be  far  distant,  and 
dwell  many  miles  off,  he  loves  yet  to  walk  that  way  still,  to 
have  his  chamber-window  look  that  way:  to  walk  by  that 
rivers  side  (which  though  far  away)  runs  by  the  house  where 
she  dwels ;  he  loves  the  wind  blowes  to  that  coast 

O  quoties  dixi  Zephyris  properantibus  illuc, 
Felices  pulchram  visuri  Amaryllida  venti. 


a^Eneas  Silvius.      Lucretia  qHuin  accepit  Euriali  litteras  bilaris  statim  inilliesqiie 
papirum  basiavit.  b]Mediis  inseruit  papillis  litteraui  ejus,  mille  priiis  pangeus 

iUiavja.  Arist.2.epist,  13.     ■       <=  piai,ti,s  Asinar.  'iHor.  '^IHadoiui  sedens, 

iiuaginem  ejus  fixis  oculis  assiduc  couspicata.  'Buchanan.  Sylva. 


3^28  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

O  happy  western  winds  that  blow  that  way. 
For  you  shall  see  my  loves  fair  face  to  day ; 

he  will  send  a  message  to  her  by  the  winde  j 

*  Vos  aurse  Alpinoc,  placidis  de  montibus  aurae, 
HtEC  illi  portate. 

'•  he  desires  to  confer  with  some  of  her  acquaintance,  fur  his 
heart  is  still  with  her;  'to  talk  of  her,  admiring  and  commend- 
ing her,  lamenting,  moaning,  Avishing  himself  any  thing  for  her 
sake,  to  have  opportunity  to  see  her.  O  that  he  might  but 
enjoye  her  presence!  So  did  Philostratus  to  his  mistress;  "^O 
happy  ffromid  on  ivhich  she  treads,  and  happy  were  I  if  she 
icould  tread  upon  me.  I  think  lier  countenance  would  make 
the  rivers  stand;  and  when  she  comes  abroad,  birds  icill  si?ig, 
and  come  about  her. 

Ridebunt  valles,  ridebunt  obvia  Tempe, 
In  florem  viridis  protinus  ibit  humus. 

The  fields  will  laugh,  the  pleasant  vallies  burn, 
And  all  the  ^rass  will  into  flowres  turn. 

Omnis  ambrosiam  spirabit  aura. 

*=  When  she  is  in  the  meadow,  she  is  fairer  then  any  flowre 
for  that  lasts  but  for  a  day  ;  the  river  is  pleasing,  but  it  va- 
nisheth  on  a  sudden,  hut  thy  flowre  doth  not  fade,  thy  stream 
is  greater  then  the  sea.  Jfl  look  upon  the  heaven^  me  thinks 
1  see  the  sun  fain  down  to  shine  below,  and  thee  to  shine  in. 
his  place,  whom  I  desire.  If  I  look  upon  the  night,  me  thinks 
I  see  two  more  glorious  stars,  Hesperus  and  thyself.  A  little 
after  he  thus  courts  his  mistress:  ^  If  thou  goest  forth  of  the 
city,  the  protecting  Gods  that  keep  the  town,  will  run  after 
to  gaze  upon  thee:  If  thou  saile  upon  the  seas,  as  so  many 
small  boats,  they  xcill folloic  thee :  what  river  would  not  run 
into  the  sea  ?  Another,  he  sighs  and  sobs,  swears  he  hath 
cor  scissum,  an  heart  bruised  to  powder,  dissolved  and  melted 
within  him,  or  (>uite  gone  from  him,  to  his  mistress  bosome, 
belike  ;  he  is  iji  an  oven,  a  salamander  in  the  fire,  so  scorched 
with  loves  heat;  he  wisheth  himself  a  saddle  for  her  to  sit  on; 
a  posie  for  her  to  smell  to  ;  and  it  would  not  grieve  him  to  be 

a  Fracastoriiis  Naugerio.  b  Happy  servants  that  serve  her,  happy  men  that 

are  in  her  company.  •  c  Son  ipsos  solum  sed  ipsornm  memoriam  amanL      Lo- 

can-  •'EpisL   O  ter  felix  solum  !  beatus  ego,  si  me  calraveris:  vultustnua 

amnes  sistere  potest,  &c.  e  Idem  epist.  In  prato  cum  sit  flores  siiperat;  illi 

pulchn,  fied  nnius  tantum  diei ;  fluvias  grattis,  sed  evanesr it  ;  at  tmis  fluvins  mari 
major.     Si  cccliim  aspicio,  solem  existimo  cecidisso,  et  in  terra  ambulare,  &c.  'Si 

civitafe  egrederis,  sef|iientur  te  Dii  custodes,  spectacnlo  cominoU;  si  naviges,  sequvtt- 
tur:  qms  fluvms  salum  tuum  uon  rigaret? 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         St/mptomes  of  Love,  »  329 

hano-ed,  if  he  might  be  strangled  in  her  garters  :  he  would 
willino-ly  die  to  morrow,  so  that  she  might  kill  him  with  her 
own  hands.  '^  Ovid  would  be  a  flea,  a  gnat,  a  ring  :  Catullus 
a  sparrow ; 

0  si  tecum  ludere  sicut  ipsa  possem, 
Et  tristes  animi  levare  curas. 

Anacreon  a  glass,  a  gown,  a  chain,  any  thing  : 

*»  Sed  speculum  ego  ipse  fiam, 
Ut  me  tuum  usque  cernas  ; 
Et  vestis  ipse  fiam, 
Ut  me  tuum  usque  gestes. 
Mutari  et  opto  in  undam, 
Lavem  tuos  ut  artus  ; 
Nardus,  puellam,  fiam, 
Ut  ego  teipsum  inungam  ; 
Sim  facia  in  papillis, 
Tuo  et  monile  cello. 
Fiamque  calceus,  me 
Saltem  ut  pede  usque  calces. 

c  But  I  a  looking-glass  would  be. 
Still  to  be  lookt  upon  by  thee  ; 
Or  I,  my  love,  would  be  thy  gown. 
By  thee  to  be  worn  up  and  down  ; 
Or,  a  pure  well  full  to  the  brims. 
That  1  might  wash  thy  purer  limbs  : 
Or,  I'de  be  pretious  balm  to  'noint, 
With  choicest  care  each  choicest  joynt ; 
Or,  if  I  might,  I  would  be  fain 
About  thy  neck  thy  happy  chain. 
Or  would  it  were  my  blessed  hap, 
To  be  the  lawn  o'er  thy  fair  pap. 
Or  would  I  were  thy  shooe,  to  be 
Daily  trod  upon  by  thee. 

O  thrice  happy  man  that  shall  enjoye  her  :  as  they  that  saw 
Hero  in  Musaeus :  and  '^  Salmacias  to  Hermaphroditus, 

e  Felices  mammse,  &c.  felix  nutrix.— — 

Sed  longe  cunctis,  longeque  beatior  ille. 
Quern  fructu  sponsi  et  socii  dignabere  lecti. 

The  same  passion  made  her  break  out  in  the  comcedy, 

f  Nse  illse  fortunatse  sunt  quse  cum  illo  cubant; 


aEI.  15.  2.  bCarm.  30.  c  Englished  by  M.  B.  Holliday  in  his 

Technog.  Act.  1.  seen.  7.  ^  Qvid.  Met.  lib.  4,      eXenophon  Cyropsed. 

lib.  5.  f  Plautus  de  milife. 


iJSO  .  Love-Melanchoh).  [Part.  '3.  Sec  2. 

Iia|)|)y  are  his  bed-fellows;  ami  as  she  said  of  Cyrus,  '  B'ala 
qiice  illi  uxor  Jul  lira  esset,  blessed  is  that  woman  that  shall  be 
jiis  wife  ;  nay,  thrice  happy  she  that  shall  enjoye  him  but  a 
night  J 

''  Una  nox  Jovi^  sceptro  sequiparanda : 

Such  a  nights  lodging  is  worth  Jupiters  scepter. 

•^  Qualis  nox  erit  ilia,  Dii,  Dec3oque, 
Quam  mollis  thorns  ! 

O  what  a  blissful  night  would  it  be,  how  soft,  how  sweet  a 
bed  I  She  will  adventure  all  her  estate  for  such  a  night;  for 
a  nectarean,  a  balsome  kiss  alone. 

Qui  te  videt  beatus  est, 
Beatior  qui  te  audiet, 
Qui  te  potitur  est  Deus. 

The  Sultan  of  Sanas  wife,  in  Arabia,  when  she  had  seen  Verto- 
niannus,  that  comely  traveller,  lamented  to  her  self  in  this 
manner;  ''O  God,  thou  hast  made  this  man  to  hiter  then  the  sun, 
but  me,  mine  husband,  and  all  my  children  black  ;  I  would  to 
God  he  irere  my  husband,  or  that  I  had  such  a  son  ;  she  fell  a 
weeping,  and  so  impatient  for  love  at  last,  that  (as  Potiphars 
wife  did  by  Joseph)  she  icouldhave  had  him  gone  in  with  her  ; 
she  sent  away  Gazella,  Teyeia,  Galzerana,  her  waiting  maids; 
loaded  him  icith  fair  promises  and  gifts ^  and  wooed  him  with 
all  the  rhetorick  she  could; 

extremum  hoc  raiseras  da  munus  amanti. 

But  when  he  gave  not  consent,  she  would  have  gone  with  him, 
and  left  all,  to  be  his  page,  his  servant,  or  his  lackey;  Certa 
sequi  charum  corpus  vt  umbra  solet,  so  that  she  might  enjoye 
him;  threatning  moreover,  to  kill  herself,  &c.  Men  will  do 
as  much  and  more  for  women,  spend  goods,  lands,  lives,  for- 
tunes; kings  will  leave  their  crowns,  as  King  John  for  Matilda 
the  nun  at  Dunmow. 

'-'  Bat  kings  in  this  yet  privilcdg'd  may  be, 
I'll  be  a  monk,  so  I  may  live  with  thee. 

The  very  Gods  will  endure  any  shame  (afque  aVufuis  de  Diis 
non  tristibu.9  imjuit.  Sec.)  be  a  spectacle,  as  iMars  and  Venus 
were  to  all  the  rest;  so  ditl  Lucians  Mercury  wish,  and  per- 

■'  liUcian.  •'  E  (!ra;co  Ruf.  '  Pitrouiu!*.  '^  Lod.  Wrtomannns  navig. 

lib.  '2.  c.  5.  0  Drills,  hiinc  cre;isti  Sole  catulidiorcin  ;  e  diveirso,  meet  conjiiKein  iiuuni 
i-t  natos  m«os  oinncs  uigricaotes.  Utinani  liic,  &ic.  Ivit  Gazella,  Ttgcia,  Oalzcrana, 
ct  promissis  ontravit,  ct  douis,  fete.  '  IVli.  Drayton. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  3151 

jidventure  so  doUithou.  They  will  adventure  their  Iive«  with 
ahicrity. 

a  pro  cjua  non  metuara  mori 

nay  more,  pfo  qua  non  metuam  bis  mori,  I  will  dye  twice,  nay 
-twenty  times,  for  her.     If  she  dye,  there's  no  remedy;  they 
must  die  with  her,  they  cannot  help  it.      A  lover  in  Calcag- 
ninus,  wrote  this  on  his  darlings  tomb  ;; 

Quincia  obiit,  sed  non  Quincia  sola  obiit; 
Quincia  obiit,  sed  cum  Quincia  et  ipse  obii : 
Risus  obit,  obit  gratia,  lusus  obit. 
Nee  mea  nunc  anima  in  pectore,  at  in  tumulo  est. 

Quincia  my  dear  is  dead,  but  not  alone, 
For  I  am  dead,  and  with  her  I  am  gone  ; 
Sweet  smiles,  mirth,  graces,  all  with  her  do  rest. 
And  my  soule  too ;  for  'tis  not  in  my  brest. 

How  many  doting  lovers  upon  the  like  occasion  might  say 
the  same  !  But  these  are  toyes  in  respect,  they  will  hazard 
their  very  souls  for  their  mistress  sake. 

Atque  aliquis  inter  juvenes  miratus  est,  et  verbum  dixit  : 
Non  ego  in  coelo  cupercm  Deus  esse, 
Nostram  uxorem  habens  dorai  Hero. 

One  said,  to  heaven  would  I  not 

desire  at  all  to  go, 
If  that,  at  mine  own  house,  I  had 

such  a  fine  wife  as  Hero. 

Venus  forsook  heaven  for  Adonis  sake, 

b  Coelo  preefertur  Adonis. 

Old  Janivere,  in  Chaucer,  thought,  when  lie  had  his  fair  May, 
he  should  never  go  to  heaven,  he  should  live  so  merrily  here 
ou  earth  ;  had  I  such  a  mistress,  he  protests, 

^  Ccelum  Diis  ego  non  suum  inviderem, 
Sed  sortem  mihi  Dii  meam  inviderent. 

I  would  not  envy  tlieir  prosperity  : 
The  gods  should  envy  my  felicity. 

Another  as  earnestly  desires  to  behold  his  sweet-heart ;  he 
will  adventure  and  leave  all  this,  and  more  then  this,  to  see 
her  alone. 


Hor.  Ode  9.  lib.  o.  ^  Ov.  Met.  10  "^^ iiutha.uau HtudecabjI. 


332  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

■  Omnia  quie  patior  mala  si  pensaro  velit  fors, 

Una  aliquA,  nobis  prosperitatc,  Dii, 
Hoc  precor,  ut  faciant,  faciant  me  cerncre  coram, 
Cor  mihi  captivum  qute  tenet  hocce,  Dcam. 

If  all  my  mischiefs  were  recompenced, 
And  God  would  give  me  what  I  requested, 
I  would  my  mistress  presence  only  seek, 
Which  doth  mine  heart  in  prison  captive  keep. 

But  who  can  reckon  up  the  dotage,  madness,  servitude,  and 
blindness,  the  foolish  phantasms  and  vanities  of  lovers,  their 
torments,  wishes,  idle  attempts? 

Yet  for  all  this,  amongst  so  many  irksome,  absurd,  trouble- 
some symptomes,  inconveniences,  phantastical  fits  and  pas- 
sions, which  are  usually  incident  to  such  persons,  there  be 
some  good  and  graceful  qualities  in  lovers,  which  this  affection 
causeth.  As  it  makes  wise  men  fools,  so  many  times  it  makes 
fools  become  wise :  ^  it  makes  base  Jelloics  become  gejierous, 
cowards  couragious,  as  Cardan  notes  out  of  Plutarch ;  ca- 
vetons,  liberal  and  maf/nijicent  ;  cloivn,  civil ;  cruel,  gentle; 
wicked  prophane  persons^  to  become  religions  ;  slovens,  neat  ; 
churls,  mercijiil ;  and  dumb  dogs,  eloquent ;  your  lazie  drones^ 
(flick  and  nimble;  f eras  mentes  domat  Cupido  ;  that  fierce, 
cruel  and  rude  Cyclops,  Poly phemus,  sighed,  and  shed  many 
a  salt  tear  for  Galateas  sake.  No  passion  causeth  greater  alter- 
ations, or  more  vehement  of  joye  or  discontent.  Plutarch. 
Sympos.  lib.  6.  qucest.  1.  "^  saith,  that  the  soule  of  a  man  in 
love  is  full  of  perfumes  and  sweet  odours,  and  all  manner  of 
pleasing  tones  and  tunes ;  insomuch  that  it  is  hard  to  say  (as 
he  adds)  ichether  love  do  mortall  men  more  harm  then  good. 
It  adds  spirits,  and  makes  them  otherwise  soft  and  silly,  gene- 
rous and  couragious,  ''  audacem  fuciehat  amor.  Ariadnes 
love  made  Theseus  so  adventrous,  and  Mcdeas  beauty  Jason 
so  victorious;  expectorat  amor  timorem.  "  Plato  is  of  opinion, 
that  the  love  of  Venus  made  Mars  so  valorous.  Ayong  man 
will  be  much  abaslied  to  commit  any  foul  offcjice,  thai  shall 
come  to  the  hearing  and  sight  of  his  mistress.  As  '^he  that  de- 
sired of  his  enemy,  now  dying,  to  lay  him  with  his  face  up- 
ward,  ne  amasius  videret  eum  a  tergo  vulneratum,  least  his 


*  Petrarch.  i>  Cardan.  lib.  2.  de  sap.     Ex  vilibos  genero.sos  efficere  solet,  ex 

timidis  audaces,  ex  avaris  splendidos,  ex  agrestibus  civiles,  ex  crudelibus  inansHetos,  ex 
impiis  reiigiosos,  ex  sordidis  nitidoH  atque  cultos,  ex  diiris  misericordes,  ex  mntis  elo- 
mientes.  ^  Anima  horaiiiis  amore  capti  tota  rt  ferta  siiflitibii.s  et  odoribus  : 

Pacanes  resonaf,  &c.  ''  Ovid.  •^  In  convivio.  Amor  Veneris  IMartem 

detinet,  et  fortem  facit';  adolescentem  maxime  cruhcscere  cerniniiis,  qmiui  amatrix  eum 
tiirpe  quid  committentem  offendlt.       -•—    f  Plutarch.  Amator.  dial. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  363 

sweet-heart  should  say  he  was  a  coward.  And  if  it  were 
=*  possible  to  have  a  city  or  an  army  consist  of  lovers,  such  as 
love,  or  are  beloved,  they  tcould  be  extraordinary  valiant  and 
wise  in  their  government ;  modesty  would  detain  them  from 
doing  amiss,  emulation  incite  them  to  do  that  which  is  good 
and  honest,  and  afeiv  of  them  would  overcome  a  great  com- 
pany of  others.  There  is  no  man  so  pusillanimous,  so  very 
a  dastard,  whom  love  would  not  incense,  make  of  a  divine 
temper,  and  an  heroicall spirit.  As  he  said  in  alike  case,  ^ Tota 
ruat  coeli  moles,  non  terreor^  Sfc.  Nothing-  can  terrific,  no- 
thing- can  dismay  them  :  but,  as  Sir  Blandimor  and  Paridel, 
those  two  brave  faery  knights,  fought  for  the  love  of  fair 
Florimel  in  presence — 

^  And  drawing  both  their  swords  with  rage  anew, 
Like  two  mad  mastives  each  other  slew, 
And  shields  did  share,  and  niailes  did  rash,  and  helms  did  hew: 
So  furiously  each  other  did  assail, 
As  if  their  souls,  at  once,  they  would  have  rent 
Out  of  their  brests,  that  streams  of  blood  did  trail 
Adown,  as  if  their  springs  of  life  were  spent ; 
That  all  the  ground  with  purple  blood  was  sprent, 
And  all  their  armour  stain'd  with  bloody  gore. 
Yet  scarcely  once  to  breath  would  they  relent. 
So  mortal  was  their  malice,  and  so  sore, 
That  both  resolv'd  (then  yield)  to  dye  before. 

Every  base  swain  in  love,  will  dare  to  do  as  much  for  his  dear 
mistress  sake.  He  will  fight  and  fetch  *^  Argivum  clypewn, 
that  famous  buckler  of  Argos,  to  do  her  service  ;  adventure 
at  all,  undertake  any  enterprise.  And  as  Serranus  the  Spaniard, 
then  governour  of  Sluys,  made  answer  to  Marquess  Spinola, 
if  the  enemy  brought  50000  divels  against  him,  he  would  keep 
it.  The  nine  worthies,  Oliver  and  Rowland,  and  forty  dozen 
of  peers  are  all  in  him;  he  is  all  mettle,  armor  of  proof,  more 
then  a  man ;  and  in  this  case  improved  beyond  himself.  For 
as  ^Agatho  contends,  a  true  lover  is  wise,  just,  temperate,  and 
valiant.  ^I  doubt  not  therefore,  but  if  a  man  had  such  an 
army  of  lovers  (as  Castilio  supposeth)  he  might  soon  conquer 
all  the  world,  except  by  chance  he  met  with  such  another 
army  of  inamoratos  to  oppose  it.  s  For  so  perhaps  they  might 
fight,  as  that  fatal  dog  and  fatal  hare,  in  the  heavens,  course 
one  another  round,  and  never  make  an  end,  Castilio  thinks 
Ferdinand  Kingof  Spain  would  never  haveconqueredGranada, 

''  a  Si  quo  pacto  fieri  civitas  aut  exercitus  posset  partim  ex  his  qui  amant,  partim  ex 
his,  8fc.  •>  Angerianus.  =  Faery  Qu.  lib.  4.  cant.  2.  ^  Zened.  proverb, 

cont.  6.  e  Plat  Conviv.  f  Lib.  3.  de  Aulico.     Non  dubito  qain  is  qui 

talem  exercitum  haberet,  totius  orbis  statim  victor  esset,  nisi  forte  cum  aliquo  exercitu 
confligendnm  esset  in  quo  omnes  amatores  assent.  fc'  Hyginus  de  Cane  et  Lepore 

ccelesti,  et  Decimator. 


334  Love-Melathchofy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

had  not  Qiif  on  Isnbell  and  lior  ladios  bron  present  at  the  sie^e  : 
»  /t  rttnnof  he  r.rpreasrd,  what  courdr/f  Iho  Spmihh  kfnf/hf.<i 
took,  v'lipu  tlip.  Indies  rceic  present  ;  a  few  Spaniards  overrrane 
a  mnllitvde  of  Moors.  Tljey  will  inirlero-o  any  danger  what- 
soever, as  Sir  Walter  Manny  in  Edward  the  thirds  time, 
stuck  full  of  ladies  favours,  fouoht  like  a  drag-on.  For  soli 
nmantes,  as  ''Plato  holds,  pro  amieis  mori  appefimt;  only  lovers 
will  dye  for  their  friends,  and  in  their  mistress  ((uarrel.  And 
for  that  cause  he  would  have  women  follow  ll»e  camp,  to  be 
spectators  and  encouragers  of  noble  actions  :  upon  such  an 
occasion,  the  '^  Squire  of  Dames  hijuself.  Sir  Lancelot  or  Sir 
Tristram,  Caesar,  or  Alexander  shall  not  be  more  resolute  or 
go  beyond  them. 

Not  courage  only  doth  love  add,  but  as  I  said,  subtilty,  wit 
and  many  pretty  devises  ; 

'^  Namque  doles  inspirat  amor,  fvaudesque  ministrat : 

<■  Jupiter  in  love  with  Leda,  and  not  knowing-  how  to  com- 
pass his  desire,  turn'd  himself  into  a  swan,  and  oot  Venus  to 
pursue  him  in  the  likeness  of  an  eagle;  which  she  doing, 
for  shelter  he  fled  to  Ledas  lap,  et  in  eju<i  rjremio  se  eoUocavit ; 
Leda  embraced  him,  and  so  fell  fast  asleep ;  sed  dormientem 
Jvpiier  compressit,  by  which  means  Jupiter  had  his  will.  In- 
finite such  tricks  can  love  devise  ;  such  fine  feats  in  abund- 
ance, with  wisdome  and  wariness ; 

• ^quis  fallere  possit  amantam? 

all  manner  of  civility,  decency,  complement  and  good  be- 
haviour,;)/?/«  salis  et  leporis,  polite. graces,  ami  merry  conceits. 
P»ocace  hath  a  pleasant  tale  to  this  purpose,  which  he  borrowed 
from  the  Greeks,  and  which  Beroaldus  hath  turned  into  Latine, 
Bebelius  into  verse,  of  Cymon  and  Iphigenia.  This  Cymon 
was  a  fool,  a  proper  man  of  person,  and  the  governour  of  Cy- 
prus son,  but  a  very  ass ;  insomuch  that  his  father  being 
ashamed  of  him,  sent  him  to  a  farm-house  he  had  in  the 
country,  to  be  brought  up;  where  by  chance,  as  his  manner 
was,  walking  alone,  he  espied  a  gallant  yong  gentlewoman 
named  Iphigenia,  a  burgomasters  daughter  of  Cyprus,  with 
lier  maid,  by  a  brook  side,  in  a  little  thicket,  fast  asleep  in  her 
smocke, where  she  had  newly  bathed  herself:  When^Cymon 
saw  her,  he  stood  leaninr/  on  his  staff'e,  gaping  on  her  im- 


*  Vix  dici  potest  quantain  inde  audaciam  assiunerent  Hispaui,  inde  paiici  infinitas 
Maiiroriim  copias  superarunt.  '■  Lib.  5.  de  legibus.  «^  Spencers  Faery 

QiM-en,  3.  book,  cant.  8.  '^  Hyginiis,  I.  2.  c  Aratns  in  phaenum. 

f  V4rff.  s  Hanc  iibi  ronspicatus  ist  Cymon,  hacnlo  innixiis,  inimobilis  stetit, 

et  mirabnndtis,  &c. 


Mom.  4.  Sabs,  i,]         Symptomcs  of  Love.  335 

moveable,  and  hi  a  maze:  at  last  he  foil  so  far  in  love  with 
the  glorious  object,  that  he  began  to  rouse  himself  up  ;  to 
bethink  what  he  was;  would  needs  follow  her  to  the  city,  and 
for  her  sake  began  to  be  civil,  to  learn  to  sing  and  dance,  to 
play  on  instruments,  and  got  all  those  gentlemen-like  qualities 
and  complements,  in  a  short  space,  which  his  friends  were 
most  glad  of.  In  brief,  he  became  from  an  idiot  and  a  clown, 
to  be  one  of  the  most  compleat  gentlemen  in  Cyprus ;  di(l 
many  valorous  exploits,  and  all  for  tJie  love  of  Mistress  Iphi- 
genia.  In  a  word,  I  may  say  thus  much  of  them  all,  let  them 
be  never  so  clownish,  rude  and  horrid,  Gobrians  and  sluts,  if 
once  they  be  in  love,  they  will  be  most  neat  and  spruce;  for, 
"  Omnibus  rehws,  et  nitidis  iiitoribus  antevenit  amor  ;  they  will 
follow  tlie  fashion,  begin  to  trick  \\\i,  and  to  have  a  g'oo«l 
opinion  of  themselves  ;  venustatimi  enim  mater  Venns  ;^  a  ship 
is  not  so  long-  a  rigging,  as  a  young  gentlewoman  a  trimming 
up  her  self,  against  her  sweet-heart  comes.  A  painters  shop, 
a  flowry  meadow,  no  so  gracious  an  aspect  in  Narures  store- 
house as  a  yong  maid,  nnbilis  pnella,  a  Novitsa  or  Venetian 
bride,  that  looks  for  an  husband ;  or  a  yong  man  that  is  her 
suiter ;  composed  looks,  composed  g"aite,  cloaths,  gestures, 
actions,  all  composed ;  all  the  graces,  elegancies,  in  the  world, 
are  in  her  face.  Their  best  robes,  ribbins,  chains,  jewels, 
lawns,  linnens,  laces,  spangles,  must  come  on,  ^prater  quam 
res  patitur  student  elegantia,  they  are  beyond  all  measure 
coy,  nice,  antl  too  curious  on  a  sudden  :  'Tis  all  their  study, 
nil  their  business,  how  to  wear  their  cloaths  neat,  to  be  polite 
and  terse,  and  to  set  out  themselves.  No  sooner  doth  a  yong 
man  see  his  sweet-heart  coming-,  but  he  smugs  up  himself, 
puis  up  his  cloak,  now  fain  about  his  shoulders,  ties  his  garters, 
points,  sets  his  band,  cuffs,  sticks  his  hair,  twires  his  beard, 
&c.     When  Mercury  was  to  come  before  his  mistress, 

Chlamydemque  ut  pendeat  apte 


Collocat,  ut  limbus  totumque  appareat  aurum. 

He  puts  his  cloak  in  order,  that  the  lace 

And  hem,  and  gold-work  all  might  have  his  grace. 

-  Salmacis  would  not  be  seen  of  Hermaphroditus,  till  she  had 
spruced  up  her  self  first. 

"^  Nee  tamen  ante  adiit,  etsi  properabat  adire, 
Quam  se  composuit,  quam  circumspexit  amictus, 
Et  finxit  vultum,  et  meruit  formosa  videri. 


^Plautiis  Casina  act.  2.  sc.  4,  b  Plantus.  <^  Ovid.  Met.  2' 

"1  Ovid.  Met.  4. 


S36  Love-Melanchohf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Nor  did  she  come,  althous^h  'twas  her  desire, 
Till  she  corapos'd  lier  self  and  trim'd  her  tire. 
And  set  her  looks  to  make  him  to  admire. 

Venus  had  so  ordered  the  matter,  that  when  her  son  ^iEneas 
was  to  appear  before  Queen  Dido,  he  was 

Os  huraerosque  Deo  similis  (namque  ipsa  decoram 
Ccesariera  nato  genitrix,  lumenque  juventce 
Purpureum  et  laetos  oculis  afflarat  honores) 

like  a  god ;  for  she  was  the  tire-woman  her  self,  to  set  him 
out  with  all  natural  and  artificiall  impostures.  As  mother 
Mammea  did  her  son  Heliogabalus,  new  chosen  Emperour, 
when  he  was  to  be  seen  of  the  people  first.  When  the  hirsute 
Cyclopical  Polyphemus  courted  Galatea; 

•»  Jamque  tibi  formae,  jamque  est  tibi  cura  placendi, 
Jam  rigidos  pectis  rastris  Polypheme  capillos, 
Jam  libet  hirsutam  tibi  falce  recidere  barbam, 
Et  spectare  feros  in  aqua,  et  componere  vultus. 

And  then  he  did  begin  to  prank  himself, 

To  pleate  and  combe  his  head,  and  beard  to  shave, 

And  look  his  face  ith'  water  as  a  glass, 

And  to  compose  liimself  for  to  be  brave. 

He  was,  upon  a  sudden  now,  spruce  and  keen,  as  a  new  ground 
hatchet.  He  now  began  to  nave  a  good  opinion  of  his  own 
feature,  and  good  parts;  now  to  be  a  gallant. 

Jam  Galatea  veni,  nee  munera  despice  nostra. 
Certe  ego  me  novi,  liquidaque  in  imagine  vidi 
Nuper  aquae,  placuitque  mihi  mea  forma  vidcnti. 
Come  now,  my  Galatea,  scorn  me  not. 
Nor  my  poor  presents  ;  for,  but  yesterday, 
I  saw  myself  ith'  water,  and  me  thought 
Full  fair  I  was,  then  scorn  me  not  I  say. 

^  Noa  sum  adeo  informis,  nuper  me  in  littore  yidi. 
Cum  placidum  ventis  staret  mare 

*Tis  the  common  humor  of  all  suiters  to  trick  up  themselves, 
to  be  prodigal  in  apparel,  pure  lotus,  neat,  comb'd  and  curl'd, 
with  powdred  hairs,  comptus  et  calamistrafus  ;  with  a  long 
love-lock,  a  flowre  in  his  ear,  perfumed  gloves,  rings,  scarfs, 
feathers,  points,  &c.  as  if  he  were  a  princes  Ganymede,  with 
every  day  new  suits,  as  the  fashion  varies;  going  as  if  he  trod 

».Virg.  l.JEo.  b  Ovid.  Met.  13.  '^.Virg,  Ed.  2. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Love.  337 

upon  egs,  and  as  Hensius  writ  to  Primieriis,  *//*once  he  be  be- 
sotted on  a  wenche,  he  must  life  awake  a  nights,  renounce  his 
book,  sigh  and  lament,  now  and  then  weep  for  his  hard  hap,  and 
mark  above  all  things  what  hats,  bands,  doublets,  breeches,  are 
in  fashion ;  hoiv  to  cut  his  beard,  and  icear  his  lock,  to  turnup 
his  mushatos,  and  curl  his  head,  prune  his  pickitivant,  or  if  he 
wear  it  abroad,  that  the  east  side  be  correspondent  to  the  loest : 
he  may  be  scoffed  at  otherwise,  as  Julian  that  apostate  em- 
perour  was,  for  wearing-  a  long  hirsute,  goatish  beard,  fit  to 
make  ropes  with,  as  in  his  Mysopogone,  or  that  apologetical 
oratioji  he  made  at  Antioch,  to  excuse  himself,  he  doth  ironi- 
cally confess,  it  hindred  his  kissing;  nam,  non  licuit  indepura 
puris,  eoque  suavioribus  labra  labris  adjungere ;  but  he  did 
not  much  esteem  it,  as  it  seems  by  the  sequel,  de  accipiendis 
dandisve  osculis  non  laboro  ;  yet  (to  follow  mine  author)  it 
may  much  concern  a  yong  lover;  he  must  be  more  respectful 
in  this  behalf,  he  must  be  in  league  with  an  excellent  taylor, 
barber, 

b  Tonsorem  puerum,  sed  arte  talem, 
Quails  nee  Thalamis  fuit  Neronis ; 

have  neat  shooe-ties,  points,  garters,  speak  in  print.,  umlk  in 
print,  eat  and  drink  in  jjrint,  and  that  which  is  all  in  all,  he 
must  be  mad  in  print. 

Amongst  othergood  qualities,  an  amorous  fellow  is  endowed 
with,  he  must  learn  to  sing  and  dance,  play  upon  some  instru- 
ment or  other;  as  without  all  doubt  he  will,  if  he  be  truly 
touched  with  this  loadstone  of  love.  For  as  ■=  Erasmus  bath 
it,  musicam  docet  amor  et  poesin,  love  will  make  them  musi- 
cians, and  to  compose  ditties,  madrigals,  elegies,  love-son- 
nets, and  sing  them  to  several  pretty  tunes,  to  get  all  good  qua- 
lities may  be  had.  '^  Jupiter  perceived  Mercury  to  be  in  love 
with  Philologia,  because  he  learned  languages,  polite  speech, 
(for  Suadela  herself  was  Venus  daughter,  as  some  write)  arts 
and  sciences,  quo  virginl  placeret,  all  to  ingratiate  himself, 
and  please  his  mistress.  'Tis  their  chiefest  study  to  sing, 
dance ;  and  without  question,  so  many  gentlemen  and 
gentlewomen  would  not  be  so  well  qualified  in  this  kinde. 


a  Epist  An  uxor  literato  sit  ducenda.  Noctes  insomnes  traducendae,  literis  renun- 
ciandum,  s^epe  geraendnra,  nonnunquam  et  illachryniandum  sorti  et  conditioni  tnae. 
Videndum  quae  vestes,  quis  cultus  te  deceat,  qais  in  nsii  sit,  utriim  latus  barbae,  &c. 
Cum  cura  loquendum,  incedendum,  bibendum,  et  cum  cura  insaniendum.  ^  Mart. 

Epig.  5.  cChil.  4.  cent.  5.  pro.  16.  <*  Martianus  Capella  lib.  1.  de  nupL 

philol.     Jam  ilium  sentio  amore  teneri,  ej  usque  studio  plures  habere  comparatas  in  fa- 
mulitio  disciplinas,  &c. 

VOL.  II.  2 


338  Lor,0'Melinch<.hi.         [Part.  .0.  >^oc.  2. 

if  love  doth  not  excite  them.  "  Who,  sn-tli  distil io,  xcovld  learn 
to  play,  or  f/ire  //?.<?  minde  to  mii.sifdc,  leant  to  dance,  or  make  so 
many  rimes,  /ore-sonr/ft,  as  most  do,  fnif  for  tr omens  sake  ?  he- 
cause,  they  hope  by  that  means,  to  purchase  their  f/ood  iri/ls, 
and  win  their  favour  ?  ^Vc  see  litis  d.iily  verified  in  niiryon<>- 
women  and  wives  ;  they  that  heinc;'  maids,  took  so  mtieli  jiains 
to  sing-,  play,  and  dance,  with  siirh  cost  and  rhaijre  to  tjieir 
parents,  to  g-et  those  graceful  qualities,  now  being  married,  wdl 
scarse  touch  an  instrument;  they  care  not  for  it.  Constatitine 
nyricnlt.  lib.  11.  cap.  18.  makes  Cupid  j)imself  to  he  a  great 
dancer,  by  the  same  token,  as  he  was  capering  amongst  the 
gods,  ^he  fluncj  down  a  howl  of  nedar,  7chich  distiUiny  upon 
the  white  rose,  ever  since  made  it  red:  and  Callistratus,  by  the 
lielp  of  Daedalus  about  Cupids  statue,  *^  made  many  yong 
wenches  still  a  dancing',  to  signifie,  belike,  that  Cupid  was 
much  aiTected  with  it,  as  without  all  doubt  lie  was.  For  at 
his  and  Psyches  wedding,  the  gods  being-  present  to  grace 
the  feast,  Ganymede  filled  nectar  in  abundance  (as  '^Apuleius 
describes  it) ;  Vulcan  was  the  cook  ;  the  Howres  made  all 
fine  with  roses  and  flowres;  Apollo  plaid  on  the  harp  ;  tJie 
Muses  sang  it,  sed  suavi  mnsiccc  svperinyressa  Venus  saltaxrit, 
but  his  mother  Venus  danced,  to  his  and  their  sweet  content. 
Witty  ^Lucian,  in  thatpathetical  love  passage,  or  pleasant  de- 
scription of  Jupiters  stealing  of  Europa,  and  swimming  from 
Phoenicia  to  Crete,  makes  the  sea  calm,  the  winds  hush;  Nep- 
tune and  Amphitrite  riding  in  their  chariot,  to  break  the  waves 
before  them  ;  the  Tritons  dancing  roundabout,  M'ith  everyone 
a  torch  ;  the  sea-nymphs  half  naked,  keeping-  time  on  dol- 
phins backs,  and  singing  Hymeneus  ;  Cupid  nimbly  tripping 
on  the  top  of  the  waters;  and  Venus  herself  coming  after  in 
a  shell,  strewing  roses  and  flowres  on  their  heads.  Praxitiles, 
in  all  his  pictures  of  love,  fains  Cupid  ever  smiling,  an«l  look- 
ing upon  dancers ;  and  in  Saint  Aiarkes  Garden  in  R<mie 
(whose  work  I  know  not)  one  of  the  most  delicious  pieces,  is 
many  *  Satyres  dancing  about  a  wencljc  asleep.  So  that  dan- 
cingstill  is,as  it  werCja  necessary  appendix  to  love  matters.  Yong 
lasses  are  never  better  pleased,  then  when,  as  upon  an  holiday 
after  evensong,  they  may  meet  their  sweet-hearts,  and  dance 
about  a  may-pole,  or  in  a  town-green,  under  a  shady  elm. 


a  Lib.  .3,  de  aulico.  Qui'!  clioreis  insuderaf ,  nisi  foeminanirn  caussa?  quis  musicne 
tantara  navaret  operam,  nisi  quod  illius  dulcedine  pernmlcere  speret?  qiiis  tot  carraina 
coraponeret,  nisi  ut  inde  aftVctus  suos  in  mulieres  explicaret  ?  '•Craterem 

ncctaris  evertit  saltans  apud  Deos,  qui  in  terrain  radens,  rosam  prins  albam  rubore 
infecit.  c  Puclias  choreantes  circa  juvenileni  Cnpidinis  statiiani  fecit. 

Philostrat.  Imag.  lib.  .3.  de  statuis.     Exercitinni  aniori  aptissiraum.  <i  Lib-  6. 

Met.  «Toin.  4.  '^Kornman.  de  car.  niort.  part.  5.  cap.  2S.  Sat.  puellae 

dormieoti  insultantinni,  &c. 


Meai.  4.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Lore.  S39 

Nothing-  so  familiar  in  ^France,  as  for  citizens  wives  and  maids 
to  dance  a  round  in  the  streets;  and  often  too,  for  want  of  better 
instruments  to  make  good  musick  of  their  own  voices,  and 
dance  after  it.     Yea,  many  times  this  love  will  make  old  men 

and  women,  that  have  more  toes  then  teeth  dance, John 

come  kiss  me  now,  mask  and  mum  ;  for  Comus  and  Hymen 
love  masks,  and  all  such  merriment  above  measure,  will  allow 
men  to  put  on  womens  apparel  in  some  cases,  and  promiscuously 
to  dance,  yong-  and  old,  rich  and  poor,  generous  and  base,  of 
all  sorts.  Paulus  .lovius  taxeth  Augustine  Niphus  the  phi- 
losopher, ^i^or  that  being  an  oldman,  and apiibliqne projlessor^ 
a  father  of  many  children^  he  was  so  mad  for  the  love  of  a  yong 
maid,  that  which  many  of  his  friends  were  ashamed  to  see, 
an  old  go7cty  fellow,  yet  tcould  dance  after  fdlers.  Many 
laughed  him  to  scorn  for  it,  but  this  omnipotent  love  would 
have  it  so. 

•=  Hyacinthino  bacillo 
Properans  Amor,  me  adegit 
Violenter  ad  sequendum. 
Love,  hasty  with  his  purple  staffe,  did  make 
Me  follow,  and  the  dance  to  undertake. 

And  'tis  no  news  this,  no  indecorum  ;  for  why  ?  a  good  reason 
may  be  given  of  it.  Cupid  and  Death  met  both  in  an  inne, 
and  being  merrily  disposed,  they  did  exchange  some  arrows 
from  either  quiver;  ever  since,  yong  men  dye;  and  oftentimes, 
old  men  dote. 

''  Sic  moritar  juvenis,  sic  moribundus  amat. 

And  who  can  then  withstand  it  ?  If  once  we  be  in  love,  yong, 
or  old,  though  our  teeth  shake  in  our  heads  like  virginal  jacks, 
or  stand  parallel  asunder  like  ihe  arches  of  a  bridge,  there  is  no 
remedy ;  wo  must  dance  Trenchmore  for  a  need,  over  tables, 
chairs,'and  sjools,  &c.  And  princum  prancum  is  a  fine  dance. 
Plutarch,  Sympos.  1.  qucest.  5.  doth  in  some  sort  excuse  it; 
and  telleth  us  moreover,  in  what  sense,  Musicam  docet  amor, 
licet  prins  fnerit  rndis,  how  love  makes  them  that  had  no 
skill  before, learn  to  sing  and  dance;  he concludes,'tis  only  that 
power  and  prerogative  love  hath  over  us.  ^  Love  (as  he  holds) 
will  make  a  silent  man  speake  ;  a  modest  man  most  officiotis  ; 


*ViewofFr.  b  Vita  ejus.     PuellcB  amore  septuagenarius  senex  usque  ad 

insaniaui  correptiis,  miiltis  liberis  susceptis  :  multi,  non  sine  pudore,  conspexenint 
seneui  et  philosopliuni  podagricnm,  non  sine  risu,  saltantem  ad  tibiae  modos.  <^  Ana- 
cieon  Carni.  7.  ^  Joach.  Bellins  Epig.  «  De  taciturno  loquacem 

facit,  et  de  verecundo  officiosnm  reddit,  de  negligente  indnstrinm,  de  socorde  im- 
pigrnm. 

z  2 


340  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

dull,  quick;  sloic,  luinhle;  andthat  ivhich  is  most  to  be  admired, 
an  hard  base,  vntractable  churl,  as  fire  doth  iron  in  a  smiths 
Jorge,  free,  facile,  r/enfle,  and  easie  to  be  entreated.  Nay  'twill 
make  him  prodioal  in  the  other  extream,  and  ir'we  an  ^hundred 
sesterces  tor  a  niuhts  loduing-,  as  they  did  of  old  to  Lais  of 
Corinth  ;  or  ^  ducenta  drachmarum  millia  pro  nnicd  nocte,  as 
Mundus  to  Paulina  :  spend  all  his  fortunes  (as  too  many  do  in 
like  case)  to  obtain  his  suit.  For  which  cause  many  compare 
love  to  wine,  which  makes  men  jovial  and  merry,  frolick  and 
sad,  whine,  sinff,  dance,  and  what  not. 

But  above  all  the  other  symptomes  of  lovers,  this  is  not 
lightly  to  be  over  passed,  that  of  what  condition  soever,  if  once 
they  be  in  love,  they  turn  (to  their  ability)  rimers,  ballet- 
makers,  and  poets.  For  as  Plutarch  saith,  '^  They  icill  he  wit- 
7iesses  and  trumpeters  of  their  paramours  fjood  parts,  bedeck- 
ing them  with  verses  and  commendatory  songs,  as  ice  do  sta- 
tues with  gold,  that  they  may  be  remembred  and  admired  of  all. 
Ancient  inen  will  dote  in  this  kinde,  sometimes,  as  well  as 
the  rept ;  the  heat  of  love  will  thaw  their  frozen  affections, 
dissolve  the  ice  of  age,  and  so  far  inable  them,  though  they 
be  60  years  of  age  above  the  girdle,  to  be  scarce  30  beneath. 
Jovianus  Pontanus  makes  an  old  fool  rime,  and  turns  poetaster 
to  please  his  mistress  : 

«iNe  ringas,  Mariaua;  meos  ne  dispice  canos ; 
De  sene  nam  juvenem,  Dia,  refene  potes,  &c. 

Sweet  Marian  do  not  mine  age  disdain, 

For  thou  canst  make  an  old  man  yong  again. 

They  will  be  still  singing  amorous  songs  and  ditties  (if  yong 
especially)  and  cannot  abstain,  though  it  be  when  they  go  to, 
or  should  be,  at  church.  We  have  a  pretty  story  to  this  pur- 
pose in  ^Westmonasteriensis,  an  old  writer  of  ours  (if  you  will 
believe  it)  an.  Dom.  1012.  at  Colewitz  in  Saxony;  on  Christ- 
mass  eve,  a  company  of  yong  men  and  maids,  whilst  the  priest 
was  at  mass  in  the  church,  were  singing  catches  and  love  songs 
in  the  church-yard,  he  sent  to  them  to  make  less  noise,  but 
they  sung  on  still ;  and  if  you  will,  you  shall  have  the  very 
song  it  self. 

Equitabat  homo  per  sylvam  frondosam, 
Ducebatque  secum  Meswinden  formosam. 
Quid  stamuS;  cur  non  imus? 

a  Josephns  antiq.  Jud.  lib.  IS.  cap.  4.  ^  Clellins  1.  1.  cap.  8.     Pretium. 

nortis  centum  sestertio.  «  Jpsj  enim  volnnt  snanim  amasiarum  pulchritndinis 

pracones  ac  testes  esse,  eas  laudihiis,  et  cantilenis  et  versibiis  exomare,  iit  auro 
statuas,  nt  memoreDtnr,  et  ab  omnibus  ailniirentur.  ••  Tom.  2.  Ant.  Dialogo. 

'  Flores  hist.  f<.l.  29S. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]  Symptomes  of  Love.  341 

A  fellow  rid  by  the  green  wood  sfde, 
And  fair  Meswinde  was  his  bride, 

Why  stand  we  so,  and  do  not  go? 

This  they  sang*;  he  chaft;  till  at  length,  impatient  as  he  was,he 
prayed  to  St.  Mag-nus,  patron  of  the  church,  that  they  might  all 
three  sing  and  dance, 'till  that  time  twelve  month;  and  so  =* they 
did,  without  meat  and  drink,  wearisomness  or  giving  over,  till 
atyeares  end  they  ceased  singing,  and  were  absolved  by  Here- 
bertus,  archbishop  of  Colen.  They  will  in  all  places  be  doing 
thus,  yongfolks  especially;  reading  love  stories,  talking  of  this 
or  that  yong  man,  such  a  fair  maid,  singing,  telling  or  hearing- 
lascivious  tales,  scurril  tunes,  such  objects  are  their  sole  de- 
light, their  continual  meditation,  and  as  Guastaviniusadds,  Com. 
in  4.  sec.  27.  proh.  Arist.  oh  seminis  abundnntiam  crehrce  cogi- 
tationes,  veneris  Jreqvens  recordatio  et  pruriens  voluptas,  Sfc. 
an  earnest  longing  comes  hence  ;  piuriens  corpus,  pruriens 
anima,  amorous  conceits,  tickling  thoughts,  sweete  and  plea- 
sant hopes  ;  hence  it  is,  they  can  think,  discourse  willingly, 
or  speak,  almost  of  no  other  subject.  'Tis  their  only  desire, 
if  it  may  be  done  by  art,  to  see  their  husbands  picture  in 
a  glass ;  theyT  give  any  thing  to  know  M'hen  they  shall  be 
married ;  how  many  husbands  they  shall  have,  by  Cromnyo- 
mantia,  a  kind  of  divination,  with  ''onions  laid  on  the  alter  on 
Christmas  eve  ;  or  by  fasting  on  St.  Annes  eve  or  night,  to 
know  who  shall  be  their  first  husband;  or  by  Ainphitomantia, 
by  beans  in  a  cake,  Sec.  to  bnrn  the  same.  This  is  love  the 
cause  of  all  good  conceits,  c  neatness,  exornations,  playes,  ele- 
gancies, delights,  pleasant  expressions,  sweet  motions  and  ges- 
tures, joyes,  comforts,  exultancies,  and  all  the  sweetness  of  our 
life;  'Squalls  jam  vita  Jar  et,  ant  qnidjucundi  sine  aured  Ve- 
nere  ?  ^  Emoriar  cnm  istd  non  amplius  mild  curujuerit,  let  me 
live  no  longer  then  I  may  love,  saith  a  mad  merry  fellow  in 
Mimnermus.  This  love  is  that  salt,  that  seasoneth  our  harsh 
and  dull  labours,  and  gives  a  pleasant  rellish  to  our  other  un- 
savory proceedings ;  ^Jlbsit  amor,  snrgunt  tenebrce,  torpedo,  ve- 
ternnm,  pestis,  ^-c.  All  our  feasts  almost,  masques,  mura- 
mings,  banquets,  merry  meetings,  weddings,  pleasing  songs, 
fine  tunes,  poems,  love-stories,  playes,  comoedies,  attelans, 
jigs,  fescenines,  elegies,  odes,  &c.  proceed  hence.  sDa_ 
naus,  the  sun  of  Bel  us,  at  his  daughters  wedding  at  Argos, 
instituted  the  first  playes  (some  say)  that  ever  were  heard  of. 


»  Per  totum  annum  cantarnnt,  pluvia  super  illos  uon  cecedit ;  uon  frigus,  non  calor, 
non  sitis,  nee  lassitudo  illos  affecit,  &c.  bjjis  eorum  noraina  inscribnntur 

de  quibus  quferunt.  c  Huic  munditias,  ornatum^  leporem,  delicias,  ludos, 

elegantiam,  omnem  denique  vitae  suavitat«m  debemus.  ''  Hyginus  cap.  272. 

"EGracco.  f  Angeriauus.  8  Lib.  4.  tit  11,  de  prin.  instit. 


342  Love-Melanckoly.  [Fart.  o.  tSec.  i!. 

Symbols,  emblems,  impresses,  devises,  if  we  shall  believe  Jo- 
vius,  Contiles,  Paradine,  Catnillus  de  Camillis,  may  be  ascri- 
bed to  it.  Most  of  our  arts  and  sciences,  painting- amongst  the 
rest,  was  first  invented,  saitli  "  Patritius,  ex,  amnriii  beneficio, 
for  loves  sake.  For  when  the  daughter  of  ^Deburiades  the 
Sycionian  was  to  take  leave  of  her  sweetheart,  now  going- 
to  wars,  nt  de.nderio  ejus  minus  tabesceret,  to  comfort  her 
self  in  his  absence,  she  took  his  picture  with  cole  upon  a  wall, 
as  the  candle  gave  the  shadow  ;  which  her  father  admiring, 
perfected  afterwards,  and  it  was  the  first  picture  by  report  that 
ever  was  made.  .4nd  long-  after,  *^Sycion  for  painting,  car- 
ving, statuary,  musick, and  philosophy  Avas  preferred  befbreall 
the  cities  in  Greece.  Apollo  was  the  first  in  venter  of  physick, 
divination,  oracles ;  Minerva  found  out  weaving ;  Vulcan 
curious  iron-work;  Mercury  letters;  but  who  prompted  all 
this  into  their  heads?  Love.  Nnncjuam  talia  invetiissent,  nisi 
talia  adamdssent ;  they  loved  such  things,  or  some  party,  for 
whose  sake  they  were  undertaken  at  first.  'Tis  true,  Vulcan 
made  a  most  admirable  bruch  or  neck-lace,  M'hich  long  after 
Axion  and  Temeuus,  Phegius  sons,  for  the  singular  worth 
of  it,  consecrated  to  Apollo  at  Delphos  ;  but,  Pharyllus  the 
tyrant  stole  it  away,  and  presented  it  to  Aristons  wife,  on 
whom  he  miserably  doted.  (Parthenius  tels  the  story  out  of 
Phylarchus) ;  but  why  did  Vulcan  make  this  excellent  ouche? 
to  give  Hermione,  Cadmus  wife,  whom  he  dearly  loved.  All 
our  tilts  and  turnaments,  orders  of  the  garter,  golden  fleece, 
&c. 

Nobilitas  sub  amore  jacet 


owe  their  beginnings  to  love;  and  many  of  our  histories.  By 
this  means,  saith  Jovius,  they  would  ex  press  their  loving  nsindes 
to  their  mistress,  and  to  the  beholders.  'Tis  the  sole  subject, 
almost,  of  poetry  ;  all  our  invention  tends  to  it,  all  our  songs, 
whatever  those  old  Auacreons,  and  therefore,  Hesiod  makes 
the  Muses  and  Graces  still  follow  Cupid;  and  as  Plutarch 
holds,  Menander  and  the  rest  of  the  poets  were  Loves  priests. 
All  our  Greek  and  Latin  epigrammatists,  love-writers,  An- 
thony Diogenes  the  most  ancient,  whose  epitome  we  find  in 
PhociusBibliotheca,LongusSophista,£ustatnius,  Achilles  Ta- 
tiuSjAristaenatus,  Heliodorus, Plato, PI utarch,Lucian,  Parthe- 
nius, Theodorus,  Prodronius,  Ovid,  Catullus,  Tibullus,  &c. 
Our  new  Ariostoes,T3oyards,  authors,  of  Arcadia,Urania,Faerie 
Queen,  &c.     Marullus,  Leotichius,  Angerianus,  Stroza,  Se- 


»Plin.  lib.  35.  cap.  12.  '-  Gerbelius  1.  6.  descript.  Gr.  ^Fransiis  I.  3. 

At  Symbolis.     Qui  prinjus  syinboium  excogita\it,  voluit  niniirum,  hac  actione  iiiiplicatuiu 
sinimnm  tvolvere,  cumque  vel  doinin;t  vel  aliis  intiiei.-tibus  osttnclere. 


Mem.  4;.  Subs.  1]         S»finptomes  oj'  Love.  343 

ciiiiiliis,  Capeilaniis,  &c.  with  the  rest  of  those  facete  modern 
poets,  have  written  in  this  kinde,  are  but  as  so  many  symptomes 
of  love.  Their  whole  books  are  a  synopsis  or  breviary  of  love, 
the  portus  of  love,  legends  of  lovers  lives  and  deaths,  and  of 
their  memorable  adventures.  Nay  more,  quod  leguntur,  quod 
laudcmtur,amori  rfe6e/</,as"Nevisanus,the  lawyer,  holds;  ^AtTe 
never  icasany  excellent  poet,  that  invented  (/oodj'ables,  or  made 
landable  verses,  which  was  not  in  love  himself';  had  he  not 
taken  a  quil  from  Cupids  wings,  he  could  never  have  written 
so  amorously  as  he  did. 

''  Cynthia  te  vateni  fecit,  lascive  Properti, 

Ingenium  Galli  pulchra  Lycoris  habet. 
Fama  est  arguti  Nemesis  formosa  Tibulli, 

Lesbia  dictavit,  docte  Catulle,  tibi. 
Non  me  Pelignus,  nee  spernet  Mantua  vatem, 

Si  qua  Corinna  mihi,  si  quis  Alexis  erit. 

AVanton  Propertius,  and  witty  Gallus, 
Subtile  Tibullus,  and  learned  Catullus, 
It  was  Cynthia,  Lesbia,  bycoris. 
That  made  you  poets  all ;  and  if  Alexis 
Or  Corinna  chance  my  paramour  to  be, 
Virgil  and  Ovid  shall  not  despise  me. 

•^  Non  me  carminibus  vincet,  nee  Thraceus  Orpheus, 
Nee  Linus. 

Petrarchs  Laura  made  him  so  famous;  Astrophels  Stella  and 
Jovianus  Pontanus  mistress  was  the  cause  of  his  Roses,  Violets, 
Lillies,  Nequiticp,  blanditioc,  joci,  decor,  Nardus,  Ver,  Corolla, 
Thus,  Mars,  Pallas,  Venus,  Charts,  Crociim,  Laurus,  Unffuen- 
tmn,  Costum,  Lachrymal,  Myrrha,  Musce,  Sfc.  and  the  rest  of 
his  poems.  Why  are  Italians  at  this  day  generally  so  good 
poets  and  painters?  because  every  man  of  any  fashion  amongst 
them,  hath  his  mistress.  The  very  rusticksand  hog-rubbers, 
Menalcas  and  Coridan,  qui  J'cetant  de  stercore  equino,  those 
fulsome  knaves,  if  once  they  taste  of  this  love-liquor,  are  in- 
spired in  an  instant.  Instead  of  those  accurate  emblems, 
curious  impresses,  gaudy  masques,  tilts,  turnaments,  &c.  they 
have  their  wakes,  whitson  ales,  shepheards  feasts,  meetings 
on  holy  days,  country  dances,  roundelays,  writing  their  names 
on  trees,  "^  true  lovers  knots,  pretty  gifts. 

With  tokens,  hearts  divided,  and  half  rings, 
Shepheards,  in  their  loves,  are  as  coy  as  kings. 

»Lib.  4.  nuin    102.  sylvae  niiptialis.      Poetae  non  inveniunt  fabulas,  aiit  versus  lan- 
datos  faciuDt,  nisi  qui  ab  ainore  fnerint  excitati.  ^  Martial.  Ep.  73.  lib.  9. 

«  Virg.  Eel.  4.  d  Teueris  aiboribua  auiicarum  nomina  iuscribentes,  ut  siranl 

crescant.  Heed. 


344  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec  2' 

Choosiiio-  lords,  ladies,  kings,  ({ueens,  and  valentines,  &c.they 
go  by  couples; 

Coridons  Phillis,  Nysa  and  Mopsus, 
With  dainty  Dousibel  and  Sir  Tophus. 

Instead  of  odes,  epigrams  and  elegies,  &c.  they  have  their  bal- 
lads, country  tunes,  O  the  broom,  the  honny  honny  broom, 
ditties  and  songs,  Bess  a  Bell,  she  doth  excel, — they  must 
Mrite  likewise  and  indite  all  in  riine. 

^  Thou  hony-f  uckle  of  the  hathorne  hedge, 
Vouchsafe  in  Cupids  cup  my  heart  to  pledge; 
My  hearts  dear  bloud,  sweet  Cis  is  thy  carouse, 
Worth  all  the  ale  in  gammer  Gubblns  house. 
I  say  no  more,  affairs  call  me  away ; 
My  fathers  horse  for  provender  doth  stay. 
Be  thou  the  lady  Cressetlight  to  me, 
Sir  Trolly  Lolly  will  I  prove  to  thee. 
Written  in  hast,  farewel  my  cowslip  sweet. 
Pray  let's  a  Sunday  at  the  ale-house  meet. 

Your  most  grim  stoicks  and  severe  philosophers  Mill  melt 
away  with  this  passion  ;  and  if  ^  Athenseus  bely  them  not, 
Aristippus,Apollodorus,Antiphanes,&c.  have  made  love  songs 
and  commentaries  of  their  mistress  praises,  '^  orators  write 
epistles, princes  give  titles, honours,  whatnot?  ''Xerxes  gave  to 
Themistocles,  Lampsacus  to  finde  him  wine.  Magnesia  for 
bread,  and  Myunte  for  the  rest  of  his  diet.  Tlie  ^  Persian 
kings  alloted  whole  cities  to  like  use;  hcec  civitas  mnlierire- 
dimiculnm  prcsbeat,  hcvc  in  collnm^  hcec  in  crines,  one  whole 
city  served  to  dress  her  hair,  another  her  neck,  a  third  her 
hood.  Assuerus  would  have  'given  Esther  half  his  empire, 
and  e  Herod  bid  Ilerodias  danyhter  ask  what  she  would,  she 
should  have  it.  Caligula  gave  an  100000  sesterces  to  his 
curtisan,  at  first  word,  to  buy  her  pins;  and  yet  v.lien  he  was 
sollicited  by  the  senate,  to  bestow  something  to  repair  the  de- 
cayed walls  of  Rome,  for  the  common-wealths  good,  he  would 
give  but  (JOOO  sesterces  at  most.  '"Dionysius,  that  Sicilian 
tyrant,  rejected  all  his  privy  counsellors,  and  was  so  besotted  on 
Mirrha,  liis  favourite  and  mistress,  that  he  would  bestow  no 
office,  or  in  the  most  weig])tiest  business  of  the  kingdome,  do 
ought,  without  her  especial  advice;  prefer,  de|)ose,  send,  en- 
tertain no  man,  though  wortljy  and  well  deserving,  but  by  her 


a  S.  R.  1600.  bLib.  13.  cap.  Dipnosophisi  ^  See  Putean.  epist.  3.3.  de 

sua  Marjjoreta,  Beroaldus,  Sec.  ^  Men.  Steph.  apol.  pro  Herod.  i' Tally 

orat.  b  Ver.  fEsth.  5.  sMat.  14.  7.  ''  fJravissimis  rejjni  negotiitt, 

nihil  sine  atnisia-  suae  conwn.su  fecit,  oojnesque  actiones  sua.s  scortillo  communicavit, 
gtc.    Nich.  BelKis  discurs.  26.  de  amaL 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]     Prognosticks  of  Love-Melancholy.    345 

consent :  and  he  a^ain,  M'hom  she  commended,  howsoever  un- 
fit, unworthy,  was  as  highly  approved.  Kings  and  emperours, 
in  stead  of  poems,  build  cities;  Adrian  built  Antinoa  in  ^gypt, 
besides  constellations,  temples,  altars,  statues,  images,  &c.  in 
the  honour  of  his  Antinous.  Alexander  bestowed  infinite 
sums,  to  set  out  his  Hephfestion  to  all  eternity.  "  Socrates  pro- 
fesseth  himself  loves  servant;  ignorant  in  all  arts  and  sci- 
ences, a  doctor  alone  in  love  matters ;  et  cjuvm  'alienarum 
rerum  omnmm  scientinm dijfiteretnr,  saith  ^  jMaximus  Tyrius  his 
sectator,  Imjus  negotii, professor,  ^-c.  and  this  he  spake  openly, 
at  home  and  abroad,  at  publique  feasts,  in  the  academy,  m 
Pyrcso,  Lycoco,  sub  Platano,  SfC.  the  very  bloud-hound  of 
beauty,  as  he  is  stiled  by  others.  But  I  conclude  there  is  no 
end  of  loves  syraptomes  ;  'tis  a  bottomless  pit.  Love  is  sub- 
ject to  no  dimensions  ;  not  to  be  survayed  by  any  art  or  en- 
gin  :  and  besides  I  am  of  "^  Hsedus  minde,  no  man  can  discourse 
o^  love  matters,  or  judge  of  them  aright,  that  hath  not  made 
tryal  in  his  own  person  ;  or  as  JEneas  Silvius  '^  adds,  hath  not 
a  little  doted,  been  mad  or  lovesick  himself'.  1  confess  I  am 
but  a  novice,  a  contemplator  only, 

Nescio  quid  sit  amor,  nee  amo 

1  have  a  tincture;  for  why  should  I  lye,  dissemble  or  excuse  it, 
yet  homo  siim,  Sec.  not  altogetlier  inexpert  in  this  subject,  non 
sum  prcBceptor  amandi ;  and  what  I  say,  is  meerly  reatling-;  ex 
aliorumjorsan  inepiiis,  by  mine  own  observation,  and  others 
relation. 


MEMB.  V.     SUBSECT.  I. 

Prognosticks  of  Love- Melancholy. 

Yt  hat  fires,  torments,  cares,  jealousies,  suspitions,  fears, 
griefs,  anxieties,  accompany  such  as  are  in  love,  1  have  suffi- 
ciently said  ;  the  next  question  is,  what  will  be  the  event  of 
such  miseries;  what  they  foretell.  wSome  are  of  opinion  that 
this  love  cannot  be  cured,  JSTnllis  amor  est  medicabilis  herbisy 
It  accompanies  them  to  the  "  last. 

Idem  amor  exitio  est  pecori  pecorisque  raagistro ; 


^  Amoris  famulus  omnem  scientiam  dilfitetar,  amandi  tamen  se  scientissimum  docto 
rem  agnoscit.  b  Serm.  8.  ^  Quis  horum  scribere  molestias  potest, 

nisi  qui  et  is  aliquantum  insanit?  ^  Lib.  1.  de  contemnendis  amoribus.     Opi- 

nor  hac  de  re  aerainem   aut  disceptare  recte  posse  aut  judicare  qui  non  in  ea  versatnr, 
aut  magnum  fecerit  periculnm.  «  Semper  moriturj  nunquam  mortmis  est  qui 

amat.  /En.  Silv. 


jIG  Lov&-Melanc/wijf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

and  is  so  coiitinnalo,  tliat  by  no  perswasion  almost,  it  may  be 
relit^ved.  Hid  me  not  love,  said  -'  Eurialiis,  bid  the  mountains 
com*'  down  into  the  plains^  bid  the  rivers  rim  back  to  their 
Joiintains;  I  can  as  soon  leave  to  love,  as  the  sun  leave  hi^ 
course ; 

''Et  prius  eequoribus  pisces,  et  montibus  umbrsc, 
Et  volucres  deerunt  sylvis,  et  niunnuiii  ventis, 
Quam  mihi  discedent  tbrmosai  Ainaryllidis  ignes. 

First  seas  shall  want  their  fish,  the  mountaius  sliade, 
Woods  singiug  birds,  the  winds  murmur  shall  fade, 
Then  ray  fair  Amaryllis  love  allaid. 

Bid  me  not  love,  bid  a  deaf  man  hear,  a  l)lind  man  sec,  a  dumb 
speak,  lame  run  ;  counsel  can  do  no  good;  a  sick  man  cannot 
relish ;  no  pbysick  can  ease  me. 

Non  prosunt  domino  quai  prosunt  omnibus  artes, 

As  Apollo  confessed  j  and  Jupiter  himself  could  not  be  cured. 

•^Omnes  humanos  curat  medicina  dolores, 
Solus  amor  morbi  non  habet  artificem. 

•^  Physick  can  soon  cure  every  disease 
Excepting  love,  that  can  it  not  appease. 

But  whether  love  may  be  cured  or  no,  and  by  what  means, 
shall  be  explained  in  his  place  ;  in  the  mean  time,  if  it  take  his 
course,  and  be  not  otherwise  eased  or  amended,  it  breaks  out 
into  outragious  (often)  and  prodigious  events.  Amor  et  Liber 
violenii  JJii  sunt,  as  ''Tatius  observes,  et  eousque  aninuim  in- 
cendimt,  ut  pudoris  oblivisci  cofjaut ;  Love  and  Bacchus  are  so 
violent  Gods,  so  furiously  rage  in  our  mindes,  that  they  make 
us  forget  all  honesty,  shame,  and  common  civility.  For  such 
men,  ordinarily,  as  are  throughly  possessed  with  this  humor, 
become  insensati  et  insani,  for  it  is  '  amor  insanus,  as  the  poet 
calls  it ;  beside  themselves,  and  as  I  have  proved,  no  betterthen 
beasts,  irrational,  stupid,  head-strong,  void  of  fear  of  God  or 
men,  they  frequently  forswear  themselves,  spend, steal,  commit 
incests,  rapes,  adulteries,  murders,  depopulate  towns,  cities, 
countries,  to  satisfie  their  lust. 

s  A  divel  'tis,  and  mischief  such  doth  work 
As  never  yet  did  Pagan,  Jew,  or  Turke. 


*  Eurial.  ep.  ad  Liicretiam,  apud  i^ilneain  Silvium.  Rogas  ut  amare  deficiam  ?  roga 
luontes  ut  in  planum  deveniant;  ut  fontes  fluiuiua  rt-petant;  tarn  poasum  te  non  amare, 
ac  suuiii  I'lioebus  relinquere  cursum.  *'  Buchanan  Syl.  >  I'ropert. 

lib.  2.  Eleg.  1.  "^  Est  orcns  ilia  \is, cstiinmediiabilis,  est  rabies  insana. 

'Lib.  2.  'Virg.Ecl  3,  uR.T. 


Mem.  iy.  Subs.  l.J     Prognosticks  of  Loce-Melancholy.      3*47 

The  wars  of  Trey  may  be  a  sufficient  witness  ;  and  as  Appiau 
lib.  5.  hist,  saitli  of  Anthony  and  Cleopatra,  ^  Their  love 
bro7(f/ht  themselves  and  all  Egypt,  into  extream  and  miserable 
calamities,  the  end  of  her  is  as  bitter  as  worm-wood,  and 
as  sharp  as  a  two-edc^ed  sword.  Prov.  5.  4.  5.  Her  feet  go 
down  to  death,  her  steps  lead  on  to  hell.  She  is  more  bitter 
then  death  (Eccles.  7'  28.)  and  the  sinner  shall  be  taken  bg 
her. 

I' Qui  in  amore  prsecipitavit,  pejus  perit  quam  qui  saxo  salit. 

<^He  that  runs  headlong  from  the  top  of  a  rock,  is  not  in  so 
bad  a  case,  as  he  that  falls  into  this  gulf  of  love.  For  hence, 
saith  'iPlatina,  comes  repentance,  desperation;  theg  loose 
themselves,  their  wits,  and  make  shipicrack  of  their  fortunes 
altogether :  Madness  to  make  away  themselves  and  others; 
violent  death.  Prognosticatio  est  talis,  saith  Gordonius,  ^  si 
non  succurratur  lis,  aut  in  maniam  cadunt,  aut  vioriuntnr ; 
the  prognostication  is,  they  will  either  run  mad,  or  dye.  For 
if  this  passion  continue,  saitli  'iEliau  jMoutaltus,  it  makes  the 
bloud  hot,  thick,  and  black;  and  if  the  inflammation  get 
into  the  brain,  ivith  contifiual  meditation  and  waking,  it 
so  dries  it  np,  that  madness  followes,  or  else  they  make  away 
themselves. 

°  O  Coridon,  Coridon,  quae  te  dementia  cepit? 

Now,  as  ArnolJus  adds,  it  will  speedily  work  these  effects,  if 
it  be  not  presently  helped;  ^  They  will  pine  away^  run  mad, 
and  dye  upon  a  sudden :  facile  incidunt  in  maniam,  saith  Va- 
lescus,  quickly  mad,  nisi  succurratur,  if  good  order  be  not 
taken ; 

'  Eheu,  triste  jugum  quisquis  amoris  habet, 
Is  prius  ac  norit  se  periisse  perit. 

^  O  heavy  yoke  of  love,  which  who  so  bears, 

Is  quite  undone,  and  that  at  unawares. 

So  she  confessed  of  herself  in  the  poet. 


aQui  quidem  amor  utrosque  et  totam  yEgyptum  extremis  calamitatibas  involvjt. 
^  Plautus.  «Ut  corpus  pondere,  sic  animus  amore  praecipitatur.     Austin.  1.  2.  de 

civ.  Dei,  c.  28.  <^  Dial.  Hinc  oritur  pcenitentia,  desperatio,  et  non' 

vident  ingenium  se  cum  re  simul  amisisse.  ejdemSavauaroIa,  et  plure» 

alii,  &c.     Rabidum  factum"  orexin.  Juven.  f Cap.  de  Heroico  Amore. 

Haec  passio  durans  sanguinem  torridam  et  atrabilarium  reddit:  hie  vero  ad  cerebrum 
delatus,  :n^  -niam  parat,  vigiliis  et  crebro  desiderio  exsiccaus.  .?  Virg.  Eel.  2. 

1'  Iiisaui  fiunt^  aut  sibi  ijjsis  desperantes  mortem  aflFeruut.     Langueutes  cite  mortem  aut 
maniam  patiuntur.  '  Calcagninus. 


348  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

a  Insaniam  priusqiiam  quis  sentiat, 

Vix  pili  intervallo  a  furore  absum. 

I  shall  be  mad  before  it  be  perceived, 
*     An  hair  breadth  off  scarce  am  I,  now  distracted. 

As  mad  as  Orlando  for  his  Angelica,  or  Hercules  for  hisHylas; 

At  ille  ruebat  quo  pedes  ducebant,  furibundus, 
Nam  illi  saevus  Deus  intus  jecur  lauiabat. 

He  went  he  car'd  not  whither,  mad  he  was, 
The  cruel  God  so  tortur'd  him,  alas. 

''At  the  sight  of  Hero,  I  cannot  tell  how  many  ran  mad. 

•^  Alius  vulnus  celans  insanit  pulchritudine  puellfE, 

And  whilst  he  doth  conceal  his  grief, 
Madness  comes  on  him  like  a  thief. 

Go  to  Bedlam  for  examples.  It  is  so  well  known  in  every 
village,  how  many  have  either  dyed  for  love,  or  voluntarily 
made  away  themselves,  that  I  need  not  much  labour  to  prove 
it ;  **  Nee  modus  ant  rerpties  nisi  mors  reperihir  amoris :  Death 
is  the  common  catastrophe  to  such  persons. 

•'Mori  mihi  contiogat;  non  enim  alia 

Liberatio  ab  eerumnis  fuerit  uUo  pacto  istis. 

Would  1  were  dead,  for  nought,  God  knows. 
But  death  can  rid  me  of  these  woes. 

As  soon  as  Eurialus  departed  from  Senes,  Lucretia  his  para- 
mour htever  looked  up,  no  jests  cotild  exhilarate  her  sad  minde, 
no  joyes  comfort  her  xconnded  and  distressed  soule,  hut  a  little 
after  shej'el  sick  a?id died.  But  this  is  a  gentle  end,  a  natural 
death,  such  persons  commonly  make  away  themselves. 

proprioque  in  sanguine  leetus, 

Indignantera  animam  vacuas  effudit  in  auras  : 

so  did  Dido  ; 

Sed  moriamur,  ait,  sic  sic  juvat  ire  per  umbras, 
riramus  and  Thysbe,  Medea,  ?Coresus  and  Callyrhol",  Thea- 


aTheocritos  Edyl.  14.  *>  Lncian.  Imag.     So  for  Lucians  mislress,  all  that 

saw  her,  and  could  uotenjoye  lier,  ran  mad,  or  hanged  themselves,  cMusa-iis. 

<lO>'id   met  10.  eAnacreon.  f /Eneas  Silvius.     Ad  ejus  decessam  nunqnam 

visa  Liirretia  ridere,  nuUis  facetiisjjoris,  nnllogaiidio  potuit  ad  lactitiam  rrnovari,  mox 
IB  aegritudinem  incidit,  et  sic  brevi  cootabuit.  g  Pansanias  Acha>c.  I.  7 


Mem.  5.  Subs.  1.]     Prognosticks  of  Love-Melancholy.     349 

gines,  *  the  philosopher,  and  many  myriades  besides,  and  so 
will  ever  do ; 

b  et  mihi  fortis 

Est  manus,  est  et  amor,  dablt  hie  in  vulnera  vires ; 

Who  ever  heard  a  story  of  more  woe, 
Then  that  of  JuHet  and  her  Romeo  ? 

Read  Parthenium  in  Eroticis;  and  Plutarchs  amatorias  narra- 
tiones,  or  loves  stories;  all  tending  almost,  to  this  purpose. 
Valleriola  lib.  2.  observ.  7.  hath  a  lamentable  narration  of  a 
merchant,  his  ^atiewt,"  that  raving  through  impatience  of  love, 
had  he  not  been  watched.,  ivould  every  while  have  offered  vio- 
lence to  himself.  Amatus  Lucitanus,  cent.  3.  car.  56.  hath  such 
•i another  story;  and  Faelix  Plater,  med.  observ.  lib.  1,  a  third, 
of  a  yong  e  gentleman  that  studied  physick,  and  for  the  love  of 
a  doctors  daughter,  having  no  hope  to  compass  his  desire, 
poysoned  himself,  ^Anno  1615.  A  barber  in  Francfort,  be- 
cause his  wenche  was  betrothed  to  another,  cut  his  own  throat. 
g  At  Neoburge,  the  same  yeer,  a  yong  man,  because  he  could 
not  get  her  parents  consent,  killed  his  sweet-heart,  and  after- 
ward himself,  desiring  this  of  the  magistrate,  as  he  gave  up 
the  o'host,  that  they  might  be  buried  in  one  grave; 

Quodque  regis  superest  una  requiescat  in  urna  : 

which  ^  Gesmunda  besought  of  Tancredus,  her  father,  that  she 
might  be,  in  like  sort,  buried  with  Guiscardus  her  lover ;  that 
so  their  bodies  might  lye  together  in  the  grave,  as  their  soules 
wander  about '  campos  lugentes  in  the  Elysian  fields, 

quos  durus  amor  crudeli  tabe  peredit, 

in  a  myrtle  grove. 


et  myrtea  circum 


Sylva  tegit:  curse  non  ipsa  in  morte  rehnquunt. 

You  have  not  yet  heard  the  worst :  they  do  not  offer  violence 
to  themselves,  only  in  this  rage  of  lust,  but  unto  others,  their 
nearest  and  dearest  friends.  '^Catiline  killed  his  only  son, 
misitque  ad  orci  pallida^  lethi  obniibila,  obsita  tenebris  loca, 


*  Megarensis  amore  flagrans.  Lucian.  Tom.  4.  bOvid.  3-met  cFuri- 

bundus  putavit  se  videre  iraaginem  puellse,  et  coram  loqui  blandiens  illi,  &c.        d  Juven. 
Hebraeus.  ^  Juvenis  medicinae  operam  dans  doctoris  filiam  depenbat,  &c. 

fGotardus  Arthus  Gallobelgicus,  mund.  vernal.  1615.    Collumnovaculaaperuit,  etinde 
expiravit.  S  Cum  renuente  parente  utroque,  et  ipsa  virgine  friu  non  posset, 

ipsiim  etipsam  interfecit,  hoc  a  magistratu  petens,  ut  in  eodem  sepulchro  sepelin  pos- 
sent.  b  Bocace.  '  Sedes  eorum  qui  pro  amoris  impatientia  pereunt. 

Virg.  6.  iEneid.  kSal.Val. 


350  Love-Melancliolif.  [Parf.  :5.  Sec.  2. 

for  tho  love  of  Aurelin  Orestilln,  r/uod  ejus  nvptiafi,  civo  filln, 
rcriisarf'f.  aLaodice,  the  sister  of  xMifhridates,  poysoned  her 
hiisl)an(l.  to  give  content  to  a  hase  fi.llow,  M'honi  she  loved. 
^Alexander,  to  please  Thais,  a  concnhineof  iiis.  set  Persepolis 
on  fire.  "  Nereiis  wife,  a  widdow  and  lady  of  Athens,  for  ihe 
love  of  a  Venetian  oentleman,  betrayed  the  city  ;  and  he  for 
lier  sake,  rnurthered  his  wife,  the  daughter  of  a  noble  man  in 
Venice.  ,i  ConstantineDespota,  made  away  Catherine  his  wife, 
turned  his  son  Michael  ana  his  other  children  out  of  doors, 
for  the  love  of  a  base  scriveners  daughter  in  Thessalonica,  with 
whose  beauty  he  was  enamored.  ""  Leuccphria  betrayed  the 
city  where  she  dwelt,  for  her  sweet-hearts  sake,  that  was  in  the 
enemies  camp.  ^  Pithidice  the  govemours  daughter  of  ^le- 
thinia,  for  the  love  of  Achilles,  betrayed  the  whole  island  to 
him,  her  fathers  enemy.  ^Diognetus  did  as  much,  in  the  city 
where  he  dwelt,  for  the  love  of  Policrita;  Medea  for  the  love 
of  Jason  ;  she  taught  him  how  to  tame  the  fire-breathing 
brass-feeted  bulls,  and  kill  the  mighty  dragon  that  kept  the 
golden  fleece  ;  and  tore  her  little  brother  Absyrfus  in  pieces, 
that  her  father  ^Ethes  might  have  something  to  detain  him, 
while  she  ran  away  with  her  beloved  Jason,  &c.  Such  acts 
and  scenes  hath  this  trage-comoedv  of  love. 


MEMB.  VI.     SUBSECT.  I. 

Cure  of  Love-Melanchohj,  hij  Labour y  Dy(?t,  PhtfsicJc, 
Fastinff,  &,-c. 

Although  it  be  controverted  by  some,  whether  Love- 
^Melancholy  may  be  cured,  because  it  is  so  irresistible  and 
violent  a  ])assion  ;  for  as  you  know, 

''  facilis  descensus  Averni ; 

Sed  revocare  gradum,  superasque  evadere  ad  auras; 
Hie  labor,  hoc  opus  est. 

It  is  an  easie  passage  down  to  hell, 
But  to  come  back,  once  there,  you  cannot  well. 

Yet  without  question,  if  it  be  taken  in  time,  it  may  be  helped, 
and  by  many  good  remedies  amended.   Avicenna  lib.  3.  Fen.  1. 


^Sabel.  lib.  3.  En.  6.  >>  Curtios  lib.  5.  c  Chalcocondilas  de  reb. 

Turcicifl  lib.  9.    Nerei  uxor  Athenanun  domina,  &c.  <i  Nicephorus  Greff.  hist, 

lib.  8.     Uxorem  occidit,  liberos,  et  Micbaelein  fiiium  viderp  abborruit :  Thessalonicae 
amore  captus,  pronotarii  filia;,&c.  *  Parthenius  Erot  lib.  cap.  5. 

^Ideiuca.  21.     Gubernatori*  fiiia  Achillis  amore  capta  rivitateni  prodidit  gldem 

cap.  9.  I'  Vir^.  /En.  (i. 


Mem.  G.  Snl)s.  I,]     Cure  oJ'Loie-Melancholij.  351 

cap.  23.  et.  24.  sets  down  seven  conipendioiis  ways,  how  this 
malady  may  be  eased,  ahered  and  expelled,  Savanarola,  9 
principal  observations  ;  .Jason  Pratensis  prescribes  eight  rules 
besides  physic,  Isow  this  passion  may  l)e  tamed  ;  Lanrentius 
2  main  precepts;  Arnoldus,  Vailerioia.Montaltus.Hildesheim, 
Langius,  and  others  enforni  usotherwaies,  and  yet  all  tending 
to  the  same  purpose.  The  sum  of  which  I  will  briefly  epi- 
tomize, (for  I  light  my  candle  from  their  torches,)  and  enlarge 
again  upon  occasion,  as  shall  seem  best  to  me,  and  that  after 
mine  own  method.  The  first  rule  to  be  observed,  in  subduing 
this  stubborn  and  unbridled  passion,  is  exercise  and  dyet.  It 
is  an  old  and  well-known  sentence,  Sine  Cerere  et  Baccho 
friget  Venus;  As  an  ^  idle  sedentary  life,  liberall  feeding,  are 

great  causes  of  it,  so  the  opposite labour,  slender  and 

sparing  dyet,  w  itli  continual  business,  are  the  best  and  most 
ordinary  means  to  prevent  it. 

Otia  si  tollas,  periere  Cupidinis  artes, 
Contemptasque  jaoent,  et  sine  luce  faces. 

Take  idleness  away,  and  put  to  flight 
Are  Cupids  arts,  his  torches  give  no  light. 

Minerva,  Diana,  Vesta,  and  the  nine  Muses,  were  not  ena- 
mored at  all,  because  they  never  were  idle. 

''  Frustra  blanditise  appulistis  ad  has, 
Frustra  nequitise  venistis  ad  has, 
Frustra  dulicise  obsidebiti^  has, 
Frustra  has  illecebrge,  et  procacitatcs, 
Et  suspiria,  et  oscula,  et  susurri, 
Etquisquis  male  sana  corda  amantum 
Blandis  ebria  fascinat  venenis. 

In  vain  are  all  your  flatteries, 
,  In  vain  are  all  your  knaveries, 
Delights,  deceipts,  procacities. 
Sighs,  kisses,  and  conspiracies, 
And  what  e're  is  done  by  art. 
To  bewitch  a  lovers  heart. 

'Tis  in  vain  to  set  upon  those  that  are  busie.  'Tis  Savanarolas 
third  rule,  Occvpari  in  multis  et  magnis  negotiis  ;  And  Avi- 
cennas  precept,  cap.  24. 

c  Cedit  amor  rebus ;  res  age.  tutus  eris. 

To  be  busie  still,  and  as  <*  Guianerius  injoynes,  about  matters 

*  Otium  nanfragiuni  castitatis.  Austin.  ''  Buchanan.  Hendecasyl.  <"  Ovid. 

lib"  1.  reined.  d  Cap.  16.  circa  res  arduaa  exerceri. 


352  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

of  great  moment,  if  it  may  be.  „  Maguinus  adds,  Never  to  he 
idle,  but  at  the  hovrs  oj'sleep, 

bet  ni 

Posccs  ante  diem  librum  cum  lumine,  si  non 
Intendas  aniinum  studiis,  et  rebus  honestis, 

Invidia  vel  amore  miser  torquebere. 

For  if  thou  do'st  not  ply  thy  book. 
By  candle-hsjht  to  study  bent, 
Imploy'd  about  some  honest  thing, 
Env7  or  love  shall  thee  torment. 

No  better  pbysickthan  to  be  ahvajesciC£LU|iied,  seriously  intent. 

•=  Cur  in  penates  rarius  tenues  subit, 
Hsec  delicatas  eligens  pestis  domus, 
Mediunique  sanos  vulgus  affectus  tenet?  &c. 
Why  dost  thou  ask,  poor  folks  are  often  free. 
And  daynty  places  still  molested  be  ? 

Because  poor  people  fare  coursly,  work  hard,  go  wolhvard 
and  bare. 

Non  habet  unde  suum  paupertas  pascat  amorem  : 

**  Guianerius,  tberefore,  prescribes  his  patient /o  170  with  hair- 
cloth next  his  skin,  to  go  hare-footed,  and  hare-leg  (fed  in  cold 
tceather,  to  whip  himself  no\o  and  then,  as  monkes  do,  hut 
above  all,  to  fast.  Not  with  sweet  wine,  mutton  and  pottage, 
as  many  of  those  tenterbellies  do,  howsoever  they  put  on 
Lenten  faces,  and  whatsoever  they  pretend,  but,  from  all 
manner  of  meat.  Fasting  is  an  all-sufficient  remedy  of  it  self; 
for  as  Jason  Pratensis  holds,  the  bodies  of  such  persons  that 
feed  liberally,  andlive  atease,  earefu  II  of  had  spirits  anddix'els, 
divelish  thoughts;  no  better  physick  for  such  parties,  then 
to  fast.  Hildesheim  spicil.  2.  to  this  of  hunger  adds,  ^  of  ten 
baths,  viuch  exercise  and  sweat,  but  hunger,  and  fasting,  he 

Srescribes  before  the  rest.  And  'tis  indeed,  our  Saviours 
racle,  This  kinde  of  divel  is  not  cast  out  but  by  fasting  and 
prayer,  M'hich  makes  the  fathers  so  imujoderate  in  commenda- 
tion of  fasting,     .^s  hunger,  saith  ^  Ambrose,  is  a  friend  of 


"Part.  2  c.  2^}.  reg.  San.  His,    prater  boram  sorani,   nulla  per  otium  transeat. 
bHor.  lib.  1.  epist  *2.  ^^^  Seneca.  ''Tract.  16.  rap.  18.     Sa;pe  nuda  came 

ciliciuni  portent  tempore  frigido  sine  califjis  ;  et  nudis  pedibiis  incedant,   in  pane  et 
aquajejunent,  ssepiiis  se  verberil)us  CKdant,  &c.  cDa;monibus  referta  sunt 

corpora  nostra,  illorum  pra;ciptie  qui  delicatis  vescnntur  eduliis,  advolitant,  et  corpori- 
bus  inhaerent;  banc  ob  rem,  jejunium  impendio  probatiir  ad  pudicitiam.  fVictus 

sit  attenuatns,  balnei  freqnens  iisus  et  sudationes,  cold  baths,  not  hot,  saith  Magninns 
part  .3.  ca.  "Z^i.  to  dive  over  lif  ad  and  ears  in  a  cold  river,  S;c.  e  Ser.  de  gula. 

Fames  anjica  rirginitati  est,  inimica  lascivia; :  saturitas  vero  castitatem  perdit,  et  nutrit 
illecebras. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  I.]      Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  353 

virginity,  so  is  it  an  enemy  to  laschions?iess ;  hut  fulness  over - 
throives  chastity,  and  fostereth  all  manner  of  provocations.  If 
thine  horse  be  too  lusty,  Hierome  adviseth  thee,  to  take  away 
some  of  his  provender;  by  this  meaiies,  those  Pauls,  Hiliaries, 
i\nto!iies,  and  famous  ancliorites,subduedthelusts  of  the  flesh; 
by  this  means,  \l\\ix\\on  made  his  asse,  as  he  called  his  oivn 
body,  leave  Jdckinf/,  (so  ^  Hierome  relates  of  him  in  his  life) 
when  the  divel  tempted  him  to  any  such  foule  offence.  By  this 
means,  those  ^Indian  Brachmanni  kept  themselves  continent ; 
they  lay  upon  the  oround  covered  vvith  skins,  as  the  Redshanks 
do  on  hadder,  and  dyeted  themselves  sparingly  on  one  dish, 
which  Guianerius  would  have  all  yongmen  put  in  practice;  and 
if  that  will  not  serve,  c  Gordonius  tvould  have  tliem  soundly 
whipped,  or  to  cool  their  courage,  kept  in  prison,  and  there 
fed  with  bread  and  water,  till  they  acknowledge  their  errour, 
and  become  of  another  minde.  If  imprisonment  and  hunger 
will  not  take  them  down,  according  to  the  direction  of  that 
^  Theban  Crates,  time  must  wear  it  out  ;  if  time  will  not,  the 
last  refuge  is  an  halter.  But  this  you  will  say,  is  comically 
spoken.  'Howsoever,  fasting, by  all  meanes,  must  be  still  used; 
and  as  they  must  refrain  from  such  meats  formerly  mentioned, 
which  cause  venery,  or  provoke  lust,  so  they  must  use  an  op- 
posite dyet.  '^  Wine  must  be  altogether  avoided  of  the  yonger 
sort.  So  *  Plato  prescribes;  and  would  have  the  magistrates 
themselves  abstain  from  it,  for  examples  sake,highly  commend- 
ing the  Carthaginians  for  their  temperance  in  this  kinde. 
And  'twas  a  good  edict,  a  commendable  thing,  so  that  it  were 
not  <]one  for  some  sinister  respect,  as  those  old  Egyptians 
abstained  from  wine,  because  some  fabidous  poets  had  given 
out,  wine  sprang  first  from  the  bloud  of  the  gyants;  or,  out  of 
superstition,  as  our  modern  Turkes,  but  for  temperance,  it 
being  ammo:  virus  et  vitiorum  fontes,  a  plague  it  self  if  im- 
moderately taken.  Women  of  old  for  that  cause,  ^  in  hot 
countries,  were  forbid  the  use  of  it ;  as  severely  punished  for 
drinkistg  of  wine,  as  for  adultery ;  and  yong  folks,  as  Leonicus 
hath  recorded,  Var.  hist.  I.  3.  cap.  87,  88.  out  of  Athenaeus 
and  others;  and  is  still  practised  in  Italy  and  some  other 
countries  of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  as  Claudius  Minos  hath  well 
illustrated  in  his  comment  on  the  23  embleme  of  Alciat.  So 
choyce  is  to  be  made  of  other  dyet. 


a  Vita  Hilarionis,  lib.  3.  epist.      Cum  tentasset  eum  aaemon  titillatione  inter  cetera, 
E^o,  inquit,  aselle,  ad  corpus  suum,  faciam,  &c.  b  Strabo  1.  15.  Geog.  Sub 

pellibus  cubant,  &c.  <=  Cap.  2.  part.  2.  Si  sit  juvenis,  et  oon  valt  obedire, 

flagelletur  frequenter  et  fortiter,  dum  incipiat  fretere.  ^  Laertius,  lib.  6.  cap.  5. 

Amori  medetur  fames ;  sin  aliter,  tempus  ;  si  non  hoc,  laqueus.  "^Vinaparant 

auimos  Veneri,  &c.  f  3.  de  Legibus.  8  Non  minus  si  vinum  bibissent 

ac  si  adulterium  admisissent.     Gellius,  lib.  10.  c.  23. 

VOL.    II.  A  A 


354  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Nee  minus  erucas  aptum  est  vitare  salaces, 
Et  quicquid  Veneii  corpora  nostra  parat. 
Eringoes  are  not  good  for  to  be  taken, 
And  all  lascivious  meats  must  be  forsaken. 

Those  opposite  meats  which  ought  to  be  used, are,  cowcumbers, 
mellons,  purselan,  water  lillies,  rue,  woodbine,  ammi,  lettice, 
which  Lemnius  so  much  commends,  lib.  2.  cap.  42.  and  Mi- 
zaldus  Jiort.  med.  to  this  purpose ;  Vitex,  or  Agnus  castus, 
before  the  rest,  which,  saith  ^  Magninus,  hath  a  wonderful 
vertue  in  it.  Those  Athenian  women,  in  their  solemn  feasts 
called  Thesmopheries,  were  to  abstain  nine  dayes  from  the 
company  of  men,  during  which  time,  saith  iElian,  they  laid  a 
certain  hearb  named  Hanea,  in  their  beds,  which  asswaged 
those  ardent  flames  of  love,  and  freed  them  from  the  torments 
of  that  violent  passion.  See  more  in  Porta,  Matthiolus,  Cres- 
centius  Uh.  5.  Sf-c.  and  what  every  herbalist,  almost,  and  phy- 
sician hath  written,  cap.  de  Satyriasi  et  Priapismo  ;  Rhasis 
among^st  the  rest.  In  some  cases  again,  if  they  be  much  de- 
jected and  brought  low  in  body,  and  now  ready  to  despair 
through  anguish,  grief,  and  too  sensible  a  feeling  of  thieir 
misery,  a  cup  of  wine  and  full  dyet  is  not  amiss  ;  and  as  Va- 
lescus  adviseth,  cum  alia  ho7iestd  veyierem  sccpe  exercetido^ 
which  Laugius  Epist.  med.  lib.  1.  epist.  24.  approves  out  of 
Rhasis  {ad  assiduationem  coitus  invitat)  and  Guianerius  se- 
conds it,  cap.  16.  tract.  16.  as  a  i^  very  profitable  remedie  : 

tument  tibi  quum  inguina,  num  si 


Ancilla,  aut  verna  prsesto  est,  tentigine  rumpi 
Malis  ?  non  ego  ;  namque,  &c. 

*^  Jason  Pratensis  subscribes  to  this  counsel  of  the  poet,  Ex- 
cretio  enim  ant  tollitprorsus,atit  lenit  a:f/ritudineni.  As  it  did 
the  raging  lust  of  Assuerus,  <=<//«  ad  impatientiam  amoris  leni- 
endam,  per  si)i(/7tlas  fere  nocte.s  7iovas  puellas  devirginavit. 
And  to  be  drunk  too,  by  fits  ;  but  this  is  mad  physick,  if  it  be 
atall  to  be  permitted.  If  not,  yet  some  pleasure  istobeallowed, 
as  that  which  Vives  speaks  of,  lib.  3.  de  animd.  ^A  lover, 
that  hath,  as  it  were,  lost  himself  through  impotency,  impa- 
tience, must  be  called  home  as  a  traveller  by  musick,  feasting , 
good  wine,  if  need  be,  to  drunkenness  it  self;  which  many  so 
much  commend  for  the  easing  of  the  minde ;  all  kinde  of  sports 
and  merriments ;  to   see  fair  jiictures,  hangings,   buildings, 

aRer.  Sam.  part.  3.  cap.  2.3.  Mirabilem  vim  habet  ^  Cnm  muliere  aliquit  gra- 

tiosa  saepe  coire  erit  utilissimiun.     Idem  Laurentius,  cap.  11.  ^Hor.         "^  Cap.  29. 

de  morb.  cerrb.  eBeroaldus  orat.  de  aiiiorf.  fAmatori,  cujiis  e.st  pro 

impotentiu  mens  amota,  opus  est,  lit  paiilatini  animus  velnt  a  peregriuatione  dumnm 
revocetur,  per  mnsicam,  convina,  &c.  Per  aucupiuni,  fabulas,  et  festivas  narratiooes, 
laborem  usque  ad  sodorem,  Sec. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  1.]     Cure  of  Love- Mefanchohf.  •     355 

pleasant  fields,  orchards,  gardens,  groves,  ponds,  pooles,rivers, 
fishing, fowling,  hawking,  hunting ^  to  hear  merry  tales,  and 
pleasant  discourse,  reading,  to  use  exercise  till  he  sweat,  that 
new  spirits  mag  succeed ;  or,  hy  some  vehement  affection  or 
contrary  passion,  to  he  diverted,  till  he  he  fully  weaned  from 
anger,  suspition,  cares,  feares,  %c.  and  habituated  into  another 
course.  Semper  tecum  sit,  (as  ''Sempronius  adviseth  Calisto 
his  love-sick  master)  qui  sermones  jociilares  moveat,  condones 
ridiculas,  dicteria  falsa,  suaves  historias,  fahulas  venustas 
recenseat,  coram  ludat,  ^c.  still  have  a  pleasant  companion 
to  sing  and  tell  merry  tales,  songs  and  facete  histories,  sweet 
discourse,  &c.  And  as  the  melody  of  inusick,  merriment, 
singing,  dancing-,  doth  augment  the  passion  of  some  lovers, 
as  ^  Avicenna  notes,  so  it  expelleth  it  in  others,  and  doth  very 
much  good.  These  things  must  be  warily  applyed,  as  the 
parties  symptomes  vary,  and  as  they  shall  stand  variously 
affected. 

If  there  be  any  need  of  physick,  thatthe  humours  be  altered, 
or  any  new  matter  aggregated,  they  must  be  cured  as  melan- 
choly men.  Carolus  a  Lorme  amongst  other  questions,  dis- 
cussed for  his  degree,  at  Montpelier  in  France,  hath  this,  An 
amantes  et  amenles  iisdem  remediis  curentur  ?  Whether  lovers 
and  mad  men  be  cured  by  the  same  remedies?  he  affirms  it; 
for  love  extended  is  meer  madness.  Such  physick  then,  as 
is  prescribed,  is  either  inward  or  outward,  as  hath  been  for- 
merly handled  in  the  precedent  partition  in  the  cure  of  melan- 
choly. Consult  with  Valleriola  observat.  lib.  2.  observ.  7- 
Lod.  Mercatus  lib.  2,  cap.  4.  de  mulier.  affect.  Daniel  Sen- 
nertus  lib.  1.  part.  2.  cap.  10-  *=  Jacobus  Ferrandus,  the 
Frenchman,  in  his  tract  de  amore  Erotique,  Forestus  lib.  10. 
observ.  29.  et  SO.  Jason  Pratensis  and  others,  for  peculiar  re- 
ceipts, d  Amatus  Lucitanus  cured  a  yong  Jew  that  was  almost 
mad  for  love,  with  the  syrupe  of  hellebor,  andsuch  other  eva- 
cuations and  purges,  which  are  usually  prescribed  to  black 
choler :  ^  Avicenna  confirms  as  much,  if  need  require,  and 
^b  loud- let  ting  above  the  rest,  which  makes  amantes  ne  sint 
amentesyloverstocome  to  theujselves,  and  keep  in  their  right 
mindes.  'Tis  the  same  which  Schola  Saliternata,  Jason  Pra- 
tensis, Hildesheim,  &c.  prescribe  bloud-letting  to  be  used  as 
a  principal  remedy.     Those  old  Scythians  had  a  trick,  to  cure 


n  Cffilestinre  Act.  2.  Barthio  interpret.  bCap.  de  IHshi.     Multos  hoc  affcctu 

sanat  cantilena,  laititia,  musica  ;  et  quidam  snn.t  quos  haec  angent.  cThis  author 

came  to  my  hands  since  the  third  edition  of  tliis  book.     ■  dCent.  3.  curat.  56. 

Syrnpo  helleborato  etaliis  qiia&ad  atram  bilem  pertinent.  ePurgetur,  si  ejus 

dispositio  venerit  ad  adust,  humoris  e.t  phlebotoiaizetur.  f  Amantium  morbus  ut 

pruritus  solvitur,  venae  sectione  et  cucurbitulis. 

A  A   2 


:)56  Love-Molunc/iofij.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

all  appetite  of  burning  lust,  by  "lotting  themselves  bloiul  un- 
der the  ears,  and  to  make  botii  men  and  women  hairen,  as 
Sabellicus,  in  his  Enneades  relates  uttheni.  Wliich  .Salmuth. 
Tit.  10.  de  Horol.  comment,  in  Pancirol.  de  nov.  report.  Mer- 
curialis  var,  lee.  lib.  3.  cap.  7.  out  of  Hippocrates  and  Benzo, 
say  still  is  in  use  amongst  the  Indians,  a  reason  of  which  Lan- 
gius  gives,  lib.  1.  epist.  10. 

Hue  faciunt  medicamenta  Venerem  sopientia,  ut  camphora 
pudendis  aUiyata,  et  in  braehd  fjes^tata  (quideni  ait)  mem- 
brmn  flaccidum  reddit.  Lahoravit  hoc  morho  virr/o  nobilis, 
cui  inter  ccetera  prascripsit  medicns,  ut  lamiyium  p/umbeam 
multis  foraminibus  pertusam,  ad  dies  viginti  portaret  in 
dorso  ;  ad  exsiccandum  vera  sperma  jussit  earn  qiiam  par cis- 
sime  cibariy  et  manducare  Jreqnenter  coriandrum  piwpara- 
turn,  et  semen  lactucce  et  acetosa,  et  sic  earn  a  morbo  liberavit. 
Porro  irapediunt  et  remittuntcoitum  folia  salicis  tritaet  epota, 
et  si  frequentius  usurpentur  ipsa  in  totum  auferunt.  Idem 
prsestat  topazius  annulo  gestatus,  dexterum  lupi  testiculum 
attritum,  et  oleo  vel  aqua  rosata  exhibitum  Veneris  taedium 
inducere  scribit  Alexander  Benedictus :  lac  butyri  commix- 
tum  et  semen  cannabis,  et  camphora  exhibita  idem  prrestant. 
Verbena  herba  gestata  libidinem  exstinguit,  pulvisque  ranse 
decollatse  et  exsiccata?.  Ad  exstinguendum  coitum,  ungantur 
membra  genitalia,  et  renes  et  pecten  aqua  in  qua  opium  The- 
baicum  sit  dissolutum;  libidini  maxime  contraria  camphora 
est,  et  coriandrum  siccum  frangit  coitum,  et  erectionem  virgse 
impedit ;  idem  efficit  sinapium  ebibitum.  Da  verbenam  in 
potu,  et  non  erigetur  virga  sex  diebus  ;  utere  mentlid  sicca  cum 
aceto^  genitalia  illinita  siicco  hyoscijami  ant  cicuta;,  coitus  ap- 
petitum  sedant, ^c.  R.  senwiis luctuc.  portulac.  coriandri  an.  3 j. 
menthce  sicca:  3  ss.  sacchari  albiss.  5  iiij  pulveriscentur  omnia 
subtiliter,  et  post  ea  simul  misce  aqua  J\'eunpharis,f.  confec. 
iolida  in  morsiilis.  Ex  his  sumat  mane  unum  qnum  surgat: 
Innumera  fere  his  similia  petas  ab  Ilildesheimo  loco  praedicto, 
Mizaldo,  Porta,  caeterisque. 


'  Cura  a  vena;  sectione  per  anres,  unde  spmper  steriies. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  2.]         Cnrc  of  Lorn-Melancholy.  357 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Withstand  the  beginnings  ;  avoid  occasions;  change  his  place : 
fair  and  fowl  meanes  ;  contrary  passions,  ivith  ivitty  inven- 
tions: to  bring  in  another,  and  discommend  the  former. 

Other  good  rules  and  precepts  areenjoyned  by  our  phy- 
sicians, whioii  if  not  alone,  yet  certainly  conjoyned,  may  do 
much  ;  The  first  of  which  is  ohstare  principiis,  to  withstand 
the  beginning;  ^  Quisquis  iuprimo  obstitit, pepiiHtqne  amorem, 
tutus  ac  victor  fuit,  he  that  will  but  resist  at  first,  may  easily 
be  a  conqueror  at  the  last.  Baltazar  Castiliol.  4.  u'-geth  this 
prescript  above  the  rest,  ^when  he  shall  chance,  (saith  he)  to 
light  upon  a  tcoman,  that  hath  good  behaviour  joy  ned  tvith  her 
excellent  person,  and  shall  perceive  his  eys,  with  a  kind  of 
greediness,  to  pull  unto  them  this  image  of  beauty,  and  carry 
it  to  the  heart :  shall  observe  himself  to  be  somewhat  incensed 
with  this  influence,  which  moreth  ivithin :  when  he  shall  dis- 
cern those  subtle  spirits  sparkling  in  her  eys,  to  administer 
more  fuel  to  the  fire,  he  must  wisely  icithstatid  the  beginnings; 
rowze  up  reason  stupified  almost ;  fortify  his  heart  by  all 
means,  and  shut  up  all  those  passages,  by  tvhich  it  may  have 
entrance.     'Tis  a  precept  which  all  concur  upon, 

^Opprime  dura  nova  sunt  subiti  mala  semina  morbi, 
Deum  licet,  in  prime  limine  siste  pedem. 

Thy  quick  disease  whilst  it  is  fresh  to-day, 
By  all  means  crush,  thy  feet  at  first  step  stay. 

Which  cannot  speedier  be  done,  then,  if  he  confess  his  grief 
and  passion  to  some  judicious  friend  ^{(pii  tacitus  ardet  magis 
uritur,  the  more  he  conceals,  the  greater  is  his  pain)  that  by 
his  good  advice,  may  happily  ease  iiim  on  a  sudden:  and  withal 
to  avoid  occasions,  or  any  circumstance  that  may  aggravate  his 
disease;  to  remove  the  object  by  all  means;  for  who  can  stand 
by  a  fire  and  not  burn  ? 

^Sussilite  obsecro  etmittite  istanc  foras, 
Quae  rnisero  mihi  amanti  ebibit  sanguinem. 

'Tis  good  therefore,  to  keep  quite  out  of  her  company  ;  which 

a  Seneca.  b  Cum  in  mulierem  incident,  qnas  cum  forma  morum  snavitatens 

conjunctam  habet,  et  jamoculospersenserit,  formae  ad  se  imaginem  cum  aviditate  qu&- 
dara  rapere,  cum  eadem,  Scr.  •^  Ovid,  de  rem.  lib.  1.  <i , -Eneas  Silvius. 

<■  Plautus  gurcii. 


S58  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Hieronic  so  much  labours  to  Paula,  and  his  Nepotian ;  Chry- 
sostome  so  much  inculcates  in  ser.  in  contubern.  Cyprian, 
and  many  other  fathers  of"  the  church  ;  Siracides  in  his  ninth 
chapter;  Jason  Pratensis,  Savanarola,  Arnoldus,  Yalleriola, 
&c.  and  every  physician  that  treats  of  tliis  subject.  Not  only 
to  avoid,  as  » Gregory  Tholosanus  exhorts,  kisainr/,  dallinnce, 
all  speeches,  tokens,  lore-letters  mid  the  like ;  or,  as  Caslilio, 
lib.  4.  to  converse  with  them,  hear  tliemspeak,orsing-,(<o/cra- 
hilius  est  audire  basiliscum  sibihintem,  thou  hast  better  hear, 
saith  ^  Cyprian,  a  serpent  hiss)  ''those  amiable  smiles,  adinir. 
able  graces,  and  sweet  gestures,  which  their  presence  aftbrds. 

«^Neu  capita  liment  solitis  niorsiunculis, 
Et  his  papillarum  oppressiunciilis 
Abstineat : 

but  all  talk,  name,  mention,  or  cogitation  of  them,  and  of 
any  other  women,  persons,  circumstance,  amorous  book,  or 
tale,  that  may  administer  any  occasion  of  remembrance. 
^  Prosper  adviseth  yong  men  not  to  read  the  Canticles,  and 
some  parts  of  Genesis,  at  other  times ;  but  for  such  as  are  ena- 
mored, they  forbid,  as  before,  the  name  mentioned,  &c.  espe- 
cially all  sight ;  they  must  not  so  much  as  come  neer,  or  look 
upon  them. 

f  Et  fugitare  decet  simulacra  et  pabula  aaioris, 
Abstinere  sibi  atque  alio  convertere  mentem. 

Gaze  not  on  a  maid,  saith  Siracides,  turn  away  thine  eysfrom 
a  beautiful  tcoman,  c.  9.  v.  5.  7.  S.  averte  ocnlos,  saith 
David,  or  if  thou  dost  see  them,  as  Ficinus  adviseth,  let  not 
thine  eye  be  intentus  ad  libidinem,  do  not  intend  her  more 
then  the  rest :  for  as  sPropertius  holds,  Ipse  alimeitta  sibi 
maxima  prmbet  amor,  love  as  a  snow-ball  iidargeth  it  self  by 
sight ;  but  as  Ili(  rome  to  Nepofian,  aut  a:(ptaliter  ama,  avt 
(Eipiaiiter  ignora,  either  see  all  alike,  or  let  all  alone  ;  make 
a  league  with  thine  eys,  as  ''Job  did  ;  and  that  is  the  safest 
course;  let  all  alone,  see  none  of  them.  Nothing  sooner 
rrvives,  ^ or  tcaxeth  sore  again,  as  Petrach  hoids,  then  love 
doth  by  sight'  As pompe  renews  ambition  ;  the  sight  of' gold, 
covetousness  ;  a  beauteous  object  sets  onjire  this  burning  luit. 


"Tom.  2.  lib.  4.  cap.  10.  Syntag.  uied.  art  mirab.  Vitentur  oscula,  tactus.  sermo,  et 
scripta  impndica,  literae,  &c.  *>  Lib   de  singiil.  cler.  ••'  Tani  adnii- 

rabileni  splendorem  declinet,  gratiatn,  scintillas,  aniabiles  risn.s,  gestiis  siiavissinios,  &c. 
d  Lipsius  hort.  leg.  lib.  3.  antiq.  iec.  "  Lib.  3.  de  vit.  ccelitns  coniiwr. 

cnp  G.  f  Lucretius.  p  Lib  3    Ele?.  10.  i'.Ioh.31.  Pepigi 

fcedus  cum  oculis  meis  ne  cojptarem  de  virnine.  'Dial.  3  de  conteaiptu 

mundi.     Nihil  faciliusrecrudescitquani  aiuor ;  ut  potnpa  Tisa  renovat  ambitioDein,  auri 
species  avaritiam,  (({tcctata  corporis  forma  iiiceudit  luxiiriaui. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  2.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  359 

Et  multum  salicns  incitat  unda  sitim. 

The  sight  of  drink  makes  one  dry,  and  the  sight  of  meat  in- 
creaseth  appetite.  'Tis  dangerous  therefore  to  see.  A  *yong 
gentleman,  in  merriment,  would  needs  put  on  his  mistress 
cloaths,  and  walk  abroad  alone,  which  some  of  her  suiters 
espying,  stole  him  away  for  herthathe  represented.  .So  much 
can  sight  enforce.  Especially,  if  he  have  been  formerly  ena- 
mored, the  sight  of  his  mistress  strikes  him  into  a  new  fit, 
and  makes  him  rave  many  dayes  after. 


-''Infirmis  causa  pusilla  nocet, 


Ut  psene  extinctutn  cinerem  si  sulphure  tangas, 
Vivet,  et  ex  miriimo  maximus  ignis  erit ; 

Sic  nisi  vitabis  quicquid  renovabit  amorem, 
Flamma  reciudescet,  quae  modo  nulla  fuit. 

A  sickly  man  a  little  thing  offends ; 

As  brimstone  doth  a  fire  decay'd  renewe. 
And  make  it  burn  afresh,  doth  loves  dead  flames, 

If  that  the  former  object  it  review. 

Or,  as  the  poet  compares  it  to  embers  in  ashes,  (which  the 
winde  blows,  '^  ut  solet  a  ventis,  ^-e.  a  scald  head  (as  the 
saying  is)  is  soon  broken  ;  dry  wood  quickly  kindles ;  and 
when  they  have  been  formerly  wounded  by  sight,  how  can 
they  by  seeing  but  be  inflamed  ?  Ismenias  acknowledgeth  as 
much  of  himself,  when  he  had  been  long  absent,  and  almost 
forgotten  his  mistress;  '^  at  the  first  sight  of  her,  as  straio  in 
a  fire,  I  burned  afresh ;  and  more  then  ever  I  did  before, 
^Chariclea  Avas  as  much  moved  at  the  sight  of  her  dear  The- 
agenes,  after  he  had  been  a  great  stranger.  '^Mertila,  in 
Aristsenetus,  swore  she  would  never  love  Pamphilus  again, 
and  did  moderate  her  passion  so  long  as  he  M'as  absent :  but, 
the  next  time  he  came  in  presence,  she  could  not  contain, 
effuse  amplexa  attrectari  sesiuit,  ^c.  she  broke  her  vow, and 
did  profusely  embrace  him.  Hermotinus,  a  yong  man  (in  the 
said  ^  author)  is  all  out  as  unstaid ;  he  had  forgot  his  mistress 
quite,  and  by  his  friends  was  well  weaned  from  her  love  ;  but 
seeing  her  by  chance,  agnovit  veteris  vestigia  fammce,  he 
raved  amain ;  Ilia  tamen  emergens  veluti  lucida  stella  coepit 
elucere,  ^-c.  she  did  appear  as  a  blazing  star,  or  an  angel,  to 
his  sight.  And  it  is  the  common  passion  of  all  lovers  to  be 
overcome  in  this  sort.     For  that  cause,  belike,  Alexander 

*  Seneca  cont.  lib.  2.  cont,  9.        ^  Ovid.  '  Met.  7.     Ut  solet  a  ventis  alimenta 

resumere,  quteqiie  parva  sab  inducta  latuit  scintilla favillacrescere ;  etin  veteres  agitata 
resiirgere  flamnias.  <*  Eustathii  1.  3.     Aspectiis  araorem  incendit, 

ut  marcescentem  in  palea  igneni  ventus  ;  ardebam  interea  majore  concepto  incendio. 
<"  Heliodorus  1.  4.  Inflainmat  mentem  novus  aspectus,  perinde  ac  ignis  niateriae  admotus. 
Chariclea,  &c.  fEpist.  15. 1.  2.  sEpist.  4.  lib.  2. 


360  Lov6- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  C. 


discerning-  thisinconvenicnceanddjjngorthatcomes  hy  seeing-, 
•' tchn  he  heard  Darius  irij'e  .<fo  much  commendod  for  her 
heautifi  irould  scarce  admit  her  in  come  in  his  sir/hf,  foro- 
knowing-,  belike,  that  o(V\iitarch,J'or7n(!sam  videre  perricu/o- 
sissimum,  how  full  of  danger  it  is  to  see  a  proper  woman  ;  and 
though  he  was  intemperate  in  other  things,  yet  in  this  super fji^ 
se  f/essit,  he  carryed  himself  bravely.  And  so,  when  as 
Araspes  in  Xenophon,  had  so  much  magnified  that  divine  face 
of  Panthea  to  Cyrus,  ^  bj/  how  much  she  icns  fairer  then 
ordinary,  hy  so  much  he  vas  the  viore  nnwilliny  to  see  her. 
Scipio,  a  yong  man  of  23  yeers  of  age,  and  the  most  beautiful 
of  the  Romans,  equal  in  person  to  that  Gra;ciau  Charinus,  or 
Homers  Nireus,  at  the  siege  of  a  city  in  Spain,  when  as  a 
noble  and  a  most  fair  yong  gentlewoman  was  brought  uuto 
him,  ''and  he  had  heard  she  was  betrothed  to  a  Lord,  reward- 
ed her,  and  sent  her  hack  to  her  siceet-heart.  S*.  Austin,  as 
^  Gregory  reports  of  him,  we  cum  snrore  fjuidem  sua  jmtavit 
habitandian,  would  not  live  in  the  house  with  his  own  sister. 
''Xenocratos  lay  with  Lais  of  Corinth  all  night,  and  >vouId 
not  touch  her.  Socrates,  though  all  the  city  of  Alliens  sup- 
posed him  to  dote  upon  fair  Alcibiades,  yet  when  he  had  an 
opportunity  so/?^s  c?/w  so/o,  to  lye  in  the  chamber  with,  and 
was  wood  by  him  besides,  as  the  said  Alcibiades  publiqucly 
confessed,  ^formam  sprevit  et  superhe  contempsit ;  he  scorn- 
fully rejected  him.  Petrarch,  that  had  so  magnified  his  Laura 
in  several  poems,  when  by  the  Popes  means  she  was  offered 
unto  him,  would  not  accept  of  her.  «  ft  is  a  yood  happiness 
to  he  free  from  this  pmssion  of  love  ;  and  (jreat  (Viicrethm  it 
argues,  in  such  a  man  that  can  so  contain  himself;  but  lohen 
thou  art  once  in  love,  to  moderate  thy  self  (as  he  saith)  is  <i 
singular  point  of  wisdome. 

^  Nam  vitare  plagas  in  amoris  ne  jaciamur 
Non  ita  difficile  est,  quam  captum  rctibus  ipsis 
Exire,  et  validos  Veneris  perrumpere  nodes. 
To  avoid  such  nets  is  no  such  mastery, 
But  ta'en,  to  escape  is  all  the  victory. 

But  for  as  much,  as  few  men  are  free,  so  discreet  lovers,  or 
that  can  contain  themselves,  and  moderate  their  passions,  to 
curb  their  senses,  as  not  to  see  them,  not  to  look  lasciviously, 

*Curtius  lib.  3.  Cum  iixorcin  Oarii  laudatani  aiidivisset,  tantiiin  ciipiriitati  suae 
fr?ennm  injecit,  ut  illam  vix  vcllet  intneri.  bCyropa'ilia.  Cum  Panthea'  forinani 

evezisset  Araspes,  tanto  magis,  inquit  Cyrus,  ahstinero  oportet,  quanto  pulclirior  est. 
c  Livius.  Cum  earn  regulo  cuidani  desponsatatn  audivisset,  munerihus  cnmidatain 
remisit.  <l  Ep.  39.  lib.  7.  eEt  ta  loqui  j)os.set  quae  soli  Rinatorrs  Itxjui 

Solent.  f  Platonis  Convivio.  f-  Ihdiodorus  lib.  4.     l'yXp<Ttpiii  esse 

amoris  l)catiludo  e.st ;  at  quuui  raptus  his,  ad  tuodcrationcm  revncart  aDiuium  priidentia 
fln^darjs.  "Lucretius  I,  {. 


Mem.  0.  Subs.  2.]       Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  361 

not  to  confer  witfi  thera,  such  is  the  fury  of  this  head-strong 
passion  of  raging  lust,  and  their  weakness, /eroa?  ille  ardor  a 
naturd  hisitus,  ^as  he  terms  it,  such  a  furious  desire  nature 
hath  inscribed,  such  unspeakable  delight, 

Sic  Divae  Veneris  furor 

Insanis  adeo  nientibus  incubat, 

which  neither  reason,  counsel,  poverty,  pain,  misery,  drudgery, 
partus  dolor,  ^-c.  can  deter  them  from ;  we  must  use  some 
speedy  means  to  coiTect  and  prevent  that,  and  all  other  incoa- 
venience,  which  come  by  conference,  and  the  like.  The  best, 
readiest,  surest  way,  and  which  all  approve,  is  loci  vmtaiio,  to 
send  them  several  wayes  ;  that  they  may  neither  hear  of,  see, 
nor  have  opportunity  to  send  to  one  another  again,  or  live  to- 
gether, soli  cum  sold,  as  so  many  Gilbertines.  Elot>(fa4io  a 
putrid,  'tis  Savanarolas  fourth  rule,  and  Gordonius  precept, 
distrahatur  ad  lo7iginquas  regiones,  send  him  to  travel.  'Tis 
that  which  most  run  upon,  as  so  many  hounds  with  full  cry  ; 
poets,  divines,  philosophers,  physicians,  all ;  mutet  patriam, 
Valesius  ;  ''as  a  sick  man  he  must  be  cured  with  change  of 
ayr  ;  Tully  4.  TuscuL  The  best  remedy  is  to  get  thee  gone, 
Jason  Pratensis  :  change  ayr  and  soyl,  Laurentius. 

Fuge  littus  amatum. 
Vir().  Utile  finitimis  abstinuisse  locls. 
c  Ovid.  I  procul,  et  longas  carpere  perge  vias. 
■ sad  fuge,  tutus  eris. 

Travelling  is  an  antidote  of  love  : 

•1  Magnum  iter  ad  doctas  proficisci  cogor  Athenas, 
Ut  me  longa  gravi  solvat  amcre  via. 

For  this  purpose,  saith  ^  Propertius,  my  parents  sent  me  to 
Athens ;  time  and  absence  wear  away  pain  and  grief,  as  fire 
goes  out  for  want  of  fewel. 

Quantum  oculis,  animo  tarn  procul  ibit  amor. 

But  so  as  they  tarry  out  long  enough  ;  a  whole  yeer  '^Xeno- 
phon  prescribes  Critobulus ;  vix  enim  intra  hoc  tempus  ab 
amore  sanaripoteris  ;  some  will  hardly  be  weaned  under.  All 
this  =  Heinsius  merrily  inculcates,  in  an  Epistle  to  his  friend 
Primierus  :  First,  fast^  then,  tarry;  thirdly, change  thy  place; 


'    *  Hwdus  lib.  1.  de  amor,  contemn.  bLoci  mutatione  tanquam  non  convalescens 

cnrandus  est.  cap.  11.  ^  Anionim  1.  2.  dQuisquis  amat,  loca  nota  nocent ; 

dies  a3griti'.dinem  adimit,  absentia  delet.  Ire  licet  procul  hinc  patrireque  relinquere  fines. 
Ovid.  e  Lib.  3.  eleg.  20.  f  Lib.  1.  Socrat.  memor.  Tibi,  O  Critobule, 

consnlo  ut  integrum  annum  absis,  &c.  sProximum  est  ut  csurias.     2.  Ut  moram 

tcmiJoris  opponas.    '.i.  Et  locum  mutes,    4.  Et  dc  laqueo  cogites. 


302  Love-Melanchohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

fourthly,  think  of  an  halter.  If  chang^e  of  place,  continuance 
of  time,  absence  will  not  wear  it  out  with  those  precedent  re- 
medies, it  will  hardly  be  removed ;  but  these  commonly  are 
of  force.  Felix  VXixievohaerv.  lib.  1.  had  a  baker  to  his  patient, 
almost  mad  fortheloveof  his  maid,  and  desperate;  by  removing- 
her  from  him,  he  was  in  a  short  space  cured.  lsfeus,a  philo- 
sopher of  Assyria,  was  a  most  dissolute  liver  in  his  youth;/>a/«w 
lasciviens,  in  love  with  all  he  met;  but  after  he  betook  liimself 
by  his  friends  advice  to  his  study,  and  left  womens  companie,he 
was  so  changed,  that  he  cared  no  more  for  play  es,  nor  feasts,  nor 
masks,  nor  songs,  nor  verses,  fine  cloathes.  nor  no  such  love 
toyes :  he  became  a  new  man  upon  a  sudden  ;  tanquam  si 
priores  ocaiIos  amisisset,  (saith  mine  '"^  author)  as  if  he  had  lost 
liis  former  eys.  Peter  Godefridus,  in  the  last  chapter  of  his 
third  book,  bath  a  story  out  of  S'.  Ambrose, of  a  yong  man,  that 
meeting  his  old  love  after  a  long  absence,  on  whom  he  had  ex- 
treamly  doted,  would  scarely  take  notice  of  her;  she  wondred 
at  it,  that  he  should  so  lightly  esteem  her,  called  him  again, 
lenihat  dictis  animum,  and  told  him  who  she  was,  Ego  muij 
inqtdt:  At  ego  non  sum  ego  ;  But  he  replied,  he  was  not  the 
same  man :  propripuitsese  tandem,  (as  Dido  fled  from  '^Eneas ;) 
not  vouchsafing-  her  any  farther  parly,  loathing  his  folly,  and 
ashamed  of  that  which  formerly  he  hath  done. 
•^  Non  sum  stultus  ut  ante  jam,  Nesera, 

O  Nesera,  put  your  tricks,  and  practise  hereafter  upon  some 
body  else ;  you  shall  befool  me  no  longer.  Petrarch  hath  such 
another  tale,  ofa  yong  gallant  that  loved  a  wench  with  one  eye, 
and  for  that  cause,  by  his  parents,  Mas  sent  to  travel  into  far 
countries:  after  someyecrs,  he  retiirned;  and  meeting  the  maid 
for  whose  sake  he  was  sent  abroad,  asked  her  how,  and  by  what 
chance  she  lost  her  eye?  no,  said  she,  I  have  lost  ncne,  hut  you 
hace  found  yonrs :  signifying  thereby  that  all  lovers  were  blind, 
as  Fabius  saith,  Amantes  de forma  jndicare  nonpossunt,  lovers 
cannot  judge  of  beauty,  nor  scarce  of  any  thing  else  ;  as  they 
will  easily  confess,  after  they  return  untothemselves,  by  some 
discontinuance  or  better  advice  ;  Avonder  at  their  own  folly, 
madness,  stupidity,  blindness;  be  much  abashed, awr/ /«?/<///  at 
love,  and  caWt  an  idle  thing,  condemn  themselves  that  ever 
they  should  be  so  besotted  or  misled  ;  and  be  heartily  glad 
they  have  so  happily  escaped. 

If  so  be  (which  is  seldome)  that  change  of  place  will  not 
eftect  this  alteration,  then  other  remedies  are  to  be  annexed, 
fair  and  fowl  means;  as  to  perswade,  promise,threaten,  terrific, 
or  to  divert  by  some  contrary  passion,  rumour,  tales,  newes,  or 

<  Plijlostratiis  de  vitia  .Sophislariim.  ^  Virg.  6.  JEu.  '  Buthanau. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  2.]       Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  363 

same  witty  invention,  to  alter  his  affections;  ^by  some  greater 
sorrow  to  drive  out  the  less,  saith  Gordonius.as  that  hishouse  is 
on  fire,  his  best  friends  dead,  his  mony  stoln:  ''  that  he  is  made 
some  great  governour,  or  hath  some  honour,  office,  some  inherit- 
ance ishejaln  him;  he  shall  be  a  knight,  a  baron,  or  by  some 
false  accusation,  as  they  do  to  such  as  have  the  hickhop,  to 
make  them  forget  it.  Saint  Hierome,  lib.  2.  epist.  16.  to  Rus- 
ticus  the  monke,  hath  an  instance  of  a  '^yong  man  of  Greece, 
that  lived  in  a  monastery  in  /Egypt,  that  by  no  labour,  no  con- 
tinence, no  persicasion  could  be  diverted ;  but  at  last  by  this 
trick  he  icas  delivered.  The  abbot  sets  one  of  his  convent  to 
quarrel  ivith  him,  and  tvith  some  scandalous  reproach  or  other 
to  defame  him  before  company,  and  then  to  come  and  complain 
first,  the  loitnesses  ivere  likewise  subornedfor  the  plaintiff e.  The 
yong  man  wept,  and  when  alltvere  against  him,  the  abbot  cun- 
ningly took  his  part,  least  he  should  be  overcome  ivith  immode- 
rate grief:  but  tchat  need  many  icords  ?    By  this  invention  he 

was  cured,  and  alienated  from  his  pristine  love-thoughts. 

Injuries,  slanders,  contempts,  disgraces, 
spreteeque  injuria  formgB, 

are  very  forcible  means  to  withdraw  mens  affections ;  contume- 
lid  affecti  amatores  amare  desinunt,  as  "^  Luciau  saith  ;  lovers 
reviled  or  neglected,  contemned  or  misused,  turn  love  to  hate; 
*  redeam  ?  Non  si  me  obsecret.  I'll  never  love  thee  more. 
Egone  illam,  qutB  ilium,  quce  me,  quce  non  ?  So  Zephyrus 
hated  Hyaciuthus  because  he  scorned  him,  and  preferred  his 
corrival  Apollo  (Palcephatus  fab.  JVar.)  he  will  not  come 
again,  though  he  be  intreated.  Tell  him  but  how  he  was  scofled 
at  behind  his  back,  ('tis  the  counsel  of  Avicenna)  that  his  love 
is  false,  and  entertains  another,  rejects  him,  cares  not  for  him, 
or  that  she  is  a  fool,  a  nasty  quean,  a  slut,  a  vixen,  a  scold,  a 
divel,  or  which  Italians  commonly  do,  that  he  or  she  hath  some 
loathsome  filthy  disease,  gout,  stone,  strangury,  falling-sick- 
ness; and  that  they  are  hereditary,  not  to  be  avoided  ;  he  is  sub- 
ject to  a  consumption,  hath  the  pox,  that  he  hath  three  or  four 
incurable  tetters,  issues:  that  she  is  bald,  her  breath  stinks,she 
is  mad  by  inheritance,  and  so  are  all  the  kindred,  an  hair-brain, 
with  many  other  secret  infirmities  (which  I  will  not  so  much 
as  name)  belonging  to  women.  That  he  is  an  hermaphrodite, 
an  eunuch,  imperfect,  impotent,  a  spend-thrift,  a  gamester, 

a  Annuncieniar  valde  tristia,  ut  major  tristitia  possit  minorem  obfuscare.  ^'Ant 

quod  sit  factiis  senescallus,  ant  habeat  honorem  magnum.  "^  Adolescens  Grse- 

ciis  erat  in  /Escypti  ccenobio,  qui  nulla  operis  magnitudine,  nulla  persuasione  flammam 
poterat  sedare  :  monasterii  pater  hac  arte  servavit.  Imperat  cuidaiu  e  sociis,  &c. 
Flebat  ille,  omnes  adversabautur  ;  solus  pater  callide  npponere,  ne  abundantiatristitiae 
absorberetur.  Quid  multa  ?  hoc  invento  curatus  est,  et  a  cogitationibus  pristinis  avQ- 
catus.  J  Tom.  4.  eTer. 


3G4  Lova-Mfilaiichohi.  [Part.  3.  See.  2. 

a  fool,  a  g^ull,  a  bcgger,  a  wlioremaster,  iar  in  debt,  and  not 
able  to  maintain  Ijer,  a  common  drunkard,  liis  motljer  was 
a  witch,  his  father  hang'd,  that  he  hath  a  wolfe  in  his  bosome, 
a  sore  leg-,  he  is  a  leper,  hath  some  incurable  disease,  that  he 
will  surely  beat  her,  he  cannot  hold  his  water,  that  he  cries  out 
or  walks  in  the  night,  will  stab  his  bed-fellow,  tell  all  his 
secrets  in  his  sleep,  and  that  no  body  dare  lye  with  him  ;  his 
house  is  haunted  with  spirits,  with  such  fearfull  and  trao-icall 
things,  able  to  avert  and  terrific  any  man  or  Moman  living-, 
Gordonius  cap.  '20. part.  2.  hunc  in  modum  consulit :  Parctur 
aliqua  velula  turpissima  aspeetUy  cum  turpi  et  vili  huhitu :  et 
portet  suhtus  r/remium  pannum  vienstrnalem,  et  dicat,  quod 
arnica  sua  sit  ebriosa,  et  quod  mingat  in  lecto ;  et  quod  est 
epileptica  et  impudica;  et  quod  in  corpore  suo  sunt  excrescenticc 
enoi'tnes,  cum  foetwe  aniielitus,  et  alicc  enormitates,  quihus 
vetulcc  sunt  edoctce :  si  nolit  his  persuaderi,  suhito  extrahat 
^panmtni  menstrualem^  coramJacieportando,exclajnando,  talis 
est  arnica  tua  ;  et  si  ex  his  non  demiserit,  non  est  homo,  sed  dia- 
holus  incarnatus.  Idem  fere  Avicenna  cap.  24.  de  curd  Ilishi, 
lib.  3.  Fen.  1.  Tract.  4.  Narrent  res  immundas  vetulce,  ex 
quihus  abominationem  incurrat,  et  res  ^  sordidas,  et  hoc  assi- 
duent.    Idem  Arculanus  16.  cap.  in  9.  Rhasis,  ^c. 

Withall,  as  they  do  discommend  the  old,  for  the  better 
effecting  a  more  speedy  alteration,  they  must  commend  an- 
other paramour,  alteram  inducer e  ;  set  him  or  her  to  be  wooed, 
or  wooe  some  other  that  shall  be  fairer,  of  better  note,  better 
fortune,  birth,  parentage,  much  to  be  preferred  : 

« Inveniens  alium  si  te  hie  fastidit  Aluxis ; 

by  this  means,  which  Jason  Pratensis  wisheth,  to  turn   the 
streame  of  affection  another  way. 


Successore  novo  trudit 


ur  omnis  amor  : 


or  as  Valesius  adviseth,  by  ''  subdividing  to  diminish  it  j  as  a 
great  river  cut  into  many  channels,  runs  low  at  last. 

^  Hortor  et  ut  pariter  binas  habeatis  arnicas,  &c. 

If  you  suspect  to  be  taken,  be  sure,  saith  the  poet,  to  have  two 
mistresses  at  once,  or  go  from  one  to  another:  as  he  that  goes 
from  a  good  fire  in  cold  Mcathor  is  loth  to  de[)art  from  it, 
though  m  the  next  room  there  be  a  better,  whicli  will  refresh 
him  as  much  ;  there's  as  much  difference  of  ha:c  as  hie  ignis; 


=»  Hypathia  Alexandrina  qnen'lani  se  adamantem  prolatis  muliebribus  pannis,  et  in 
eiim  conjectis  amoris  insania  liheravit.     Siiidos  et  Etinapiiis.  h  Savanarola  reg.  .■>. 

••  Vir.  Eel.  2.  .''  Distribulio  amoiis  fiat  iu  pliucs,  ad  pliircs  aniicas  aniinum 

aj)plicpt,  "■  Ovid  ' 


Mem.  G.  Subs.  2.]         Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  365 

or  bring  him  to  some  publique  shews,  playes,  meetings,  where 
he  may  see  variety,  and  he  shall  likely  loath  his  first  choice; 
carry  him  but  to  the  next  town,  yea  perad venture,  to  the  next 
house  ;  and  as  Paris  lost  Oenones  love  by  seeing  Helena,  and 
Cressida  forsook  Troilus  by  conversing  with  Diomede,  he 
will  dislike  his  former  mistres,  and  leave  her  quite  behind  him, 
as  ^^  Theseus  left  Ariadne  fast  asleep  in  the  Iland  of  Dia,  to 
seek  her  fortune,  that  was  er'st  his  loving  mistress.     ''  Nunc 
prhnum  Dorida  vetiis  aviator  contempsi,  as  he  said,  Doris  is 
buta  doudy  to  this.     As  he  that  looks  himself  in  a  glass  forgets 
his  phisiognomie  forthwith,  tins  flattering  glass  of  love  will  he  > 
diminished  by  remove;  after  a  little  absence,  it  will  be  remitted; 
the  next  fair  object  will  likely  alter  it.     A  yong  man,  in 
'^  Lucian,  was  pittifully  in   love,  he  came  to  the  theater  by 
chance,  and  by  seeing  other  faireobjects  there,  mentis sanitatem 
recepit,  was  fully  recovered,  ''  and  icent  merrily  home,  as  ij'he 
had  taken  a  dram  of  oblivion.     ®  A  mouse  (saith  an  apologer) 
was  brought  up  in  a  chest,  there  fed  with  fragments  of  bread 
and  cheese,  thought  there  could  be  no  better  meat,  till  coming 
forth  at  last,  and  feeding  liberally  of  other  variety  of  viands, 
loathed  his  formerlife :  moralize  this  fable  by  thy  self.  Plato,  in 
his   seventh  book  De  Legibus,  hath  a  pretty  fiction  of  a  city 
under  ground,  ^to  which  by  little  holes,  some  small  store  of 
light  came;  the  inhabitants  thought  there  could  not  be  a  better 
place,  and  at  their  first  coming  abroad,  they  might  not  endure 
the   lio-ht,    (Pf/errime  solem  intneri;  but  after  they  were  ac- 
customed a  little  to  it,  e  they  deplored  their  fellows  misery 
that  lived  under  ground.     A  silly  lover  is  in  like  state ;  none 
so  fair  as  his  mistress  at  first ;  he  cares  for  none  but  her  ;  yet 
after  a  while,  when  he  hath  compared  her  with  others,  he  ab- 
hors her  name,  sight,  and  memory.     'Tis  generally  true;  for 
as  he  observes,  ''  Priorem  fiammam  novus  ignis  extrudit  ;  et 
ea  multorum  natura,  ut  prccsentes  maxime  anient,   one  fire 
drives  out  another:  and  such  is  womens  weakness,  that  they 
love,  commonly,  hira  that  is  present.     And  so  do  many  men 
(as  he  confessed)  he  loved  Amye  till  he  saw  Floriat,  and  when 
he  saw  Cynthia,  forgat  them  both:  but  faire  Phillis  was  in- 
comparably beyond  them  all  ;  Cloris  surpassed  her;  and  yet 
when  he  espied  Amarillis,  she  was  his  sole  mistress;  O  divine 
Amarillis ;  quam  procera,  cupressi  ad  instar,  quam  elegans, 
quam  decens!  ^-c.  how    lovely,   how  tnll,  how   comely  she 
was,  (saith  Polemius)  till  he  saw  another,  and  then  she  was 
the  sole  object  of  his  thoughts.      In  conclusion,  he  loves  her 

^Hyginussab.  43.  bpetronius.  <=  Lib.  de  salt.  d  E  theatro  egreasns 

hilaris,  ac  si  pharmacnm  oblivionis  bibisset.  e  Mus  in  cista  natus,  &c.  fin 

quem  e  specu  subterraneo  inodicam  lucis  illabitur.         s  Deplorabant  eoram  miseriam, 
qui  subterraneis  illis  locis  vitam  degunt.  h  Tatius  lib.  6. 


366  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

best  he  saw  last,  *  Triton  the  sea-^od  first  loved  Leucothoe, 
till  he  came  in  presence  of  Milaene,  she  was  the  command ress 
of  his  heart,  till  he  saw  Galatea;  but  (as  ''she  complains)  he 
loved  another  eitsoons,  another,  and  another.  'Tis  a  thino- 
which  by  Jlieromes  report,  hath  been  usually  practised. 
^  Heathen  philosophers  drive  out  one  lore  with  another^  as  they 
do  a  peg,  orpin  with  a  pin.  Which  those  seven  Persian  Princes 
did  to  ^^ssuei'us,  that  they  might  reqxiite  the  desire  of  Queen 
Vashti  icith  the  love  of  others.  Pausanias,  in  Eliacis,  saith, 
that  therefore  one  Cupid  was  painted  to  contend  with  another, 
and  to  take  the  garland  from  him,  because  one  love  drives  out 
another : 

•1  Alterius  vires  subtrahit  alter  amor. 

and  Tully  S.nat.  Dear,  disputing  with  C.  Cotta,  makes  men- 
tion of  three  several  Cupids,all  difTering-  in  office.  Felix  Plater 
in  the  first  book  of  his  observations,  boasts  how  he  cured  a 
widower  in  Basil,  a  patient  of  his,  by  this  stratagem  alone,  that 
doted  upon  a  poor  servant  his  maid,  when  friends,  children, 
nor  perswasion  could  serve  to  alienate  his  mind  :  they  mo- 
tioned him  toanotherhonestmansdaughter  in  the  town,  whom 
he  loved,  and  lived  with  long  after;  abhorring  the  very  name 
and  sight  of  the  first.  After  the  death  of  Lucretia,  «  Eurialus 
would  admit  of  no  comfort,  till  the  Emperour  Sifjismondrnarried 
him  to  a  noble  lady  of  his  court,  and  so  in  short  space  he  was 
freed. 


a  Aristanatus  epist.  4.  ''Calcagnin.  Dial.  Galat.     Mox  aliam  prsetiilit,  aliam 

praslaturus  quani  primum  occasio  arriserit.  <"Epist.  lib.  2.  IG.    Pliilosoplii 

sseculi  veterem  amoreni  novo,  quasi  clavum  clavo  repellere,  qiiod  et  Assuero  regi 
septeui  principes  Persanim  fccere,  ut  Vasfa;  regina*  desideriuni  amore  coiupensarent. 
d  Ovid.  *-'  Liignbri  veste  indutus,  consoiationes  iion  adniisit,  donee  Caisar  ex 

ducali  sanguine,  formosam  virginem  matrimonio  conjunxit.  itlneas  Silvias  hist,  de 
Eurialo  et  Lucretia. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]         Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  367 


SUBSECT.  III. 

By  counsel   and  persivnsion  :  Joiclness  of  the  fact  ;    mens, 
womens  faults  ;  miseries  of  marriage;  events  of  lust,  Sfc. 

x\s  there  be  divers  .causes  of  this  burning-  lust,  or  heroical 
love;  so  there  be  many  good  remedies  to  ease  and  help; 
amongst  which,  good  counsel  and  perswasion,  (which  I  should 
have  handled  in  the  first  place),  are  of  great  moment,  and  not 
to  be  omitted.  Many  are  of  opinion,  that  in  this  blinde  head- 
strong passion  counsel  can  do  no  good. 

a  Quse  enim  res  in  se  neque  consilium  neque  modum 
Habet,  ullo  earn  consilio  regere  non  potes. 

Which  thing  hath  neither  judgment,  or  an  end. 
How  should  advice  or  counsel  it  amend  ? 

b  Quis  enim  modus  adsit  amori  ? 

But  without  question,  good  counsel  and  advice  must  needs  be 
of  great  force,especially  if  itshall  proceed  from  a  wise,  fatherly, 
reverent,  discreet  person;  a  man  of  authority,  whom  the 
parties  do  respect,  stand  in  awe  of,  or  from  a  judicious  friend,  of 
it  self  alone,  it  is  able  to  divert  and  suffice.  Gordonius,  the  phy- 
sician, attributes  so  much  to  it,  that  he  would  have  it  by  all 
means  used  in  the  first  place.  Amoveatur  ab  ilia,  consilio 
viri  quem  timet,  ostendendo  pericnla  sceculi,  judicium  inferni, 
gaudia  Paradisi.  He  would  have  some  discreet  men  to 
disswade  them,  after  the  fury  of  passion  is  a  little  spent,  or  by 
absence  allayed ;  for  it  is  as  intempestive  at  first,  to  give 
counsel,  as  to  comfort  parents  when  their  children  are  that 
instant  departed  ;  to  no  purpose  to  prescribe  narcoticks,  cor- 
dials, nectarines,  potions.  Homers  nepenthes,  or  Helenas 
boul,  &c.  Non  cessabit  pectus  tundere,  she  will  lament  and 
howl  for  a  season  :  let  passion  have  his  course  a  while,  and 
then  he  may  proceed,  by  fore-shewing  the  miserable  events  of 
dangers  which  will  surely  happen,  the  pains  of  hell,  joyes  of 
paradise  and  the  like;  which  by  their  preposterous  courses, 
they  shall  forfeit  or  incurre  ;  and  'tis  a  fit  method,  a  very  good 
means  :  for  what  ""  Seneca  said  of  vice,  I  say  of  love ;  Sine 
magistro  discitur,  vix  sine  magistro  dcseritur,  'tis  learned  of 
itself,  but  '^  hardly  left  without  a  tutor.     'Tis  not  amiss  there- 


*Ter.  bVirg.  Eel.  2.  ^Lib.  de  beat.  viL  cap.  14.  *•  Lougo  usij  ^sci- 

mus,  longa  desuctudine  dediscendum  est.    Petrarch,  epist.  lib.  5. 8. 


3()8  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

lore,  to  Imve  some  rich  overseer,  (o  expostulate  an<l  show  them 
siichahsur(fiti«'s,  inconveniences,  imperfections,  discontents,  as 
ii^ually  follow;  which  tli(>ir  blindness,  fnry,  madness,  cannot 
n])ply  unto  themselves,  or  will  not  a|)prehend  throusch  weak- 
ness ;  and  good  for  them  to  dis<  lose  tliemsclves,  to  g-ive  ear  to 
iViendly  admonitions.  T<?ll  me,  swr.'et  heart,  (sailh  Tryphen;» 
to  love-sick  Charmides  in  '^  Lucian)  what  it  is  that  troubles 
theo;  peradvonture  I  can  ease  thif  minde,  and  further  theo  in 
ihif  suit;  and  so  without  *<i:estion  she  might,  and  so  maist  thou, 
if  the  patient  he  capable  of  good  counsel,  and  will  hear  at 
least,  what  may  be  ^aid. 

If  he  love  at  all,  she  is  either  an  honest  woman  or  a  whore. 
If  dishonest,  let  him  read  or  inculcate  to  him  that  5.  of  Solo- 
mons Prov.  Ecclus.  26.  Ambros.  lib.  1.  cap.  4.  in  his  book  of 
Abel  and  Cain;  Philo  Judajus  de  mercedenicr.  Platinas f^i'a/. 
in  Amoves  ;  Espencasus,  aiid  those  three  books  of  Pet.  Ihrdus 
de  content,  amorihus;  /Eneas  Sil  vius  tart  epistle,  which  he  wrote 
to  his  friend  Nicholas  of  Wartburge,  which  he  calls  medelam 
ilUciti  amoris,  Sfc.  ^For  whafs  an  ivhore,  as  lie  saith,  b?(t 
a  poller  of  youth,  ^  ruina  of  men,  a  destruction,  a  devourer 
of  patrimonies,  a  downfal  of  honour,  fodder  for  the  divcl, 
ilie  gate  of  death,  and  supplement  of  hell  ?  ''  Talis  amor 
est  laqueus  animce,  S^c.  a  bitter  hony,  sweet  poyson,  delicate 
destruction,  a  voluntary  mischief,  commixtum  cwnum,  ster- 
fjuilinium.  And  as  ^Pet.  Aretines  Lucretia,  a  notable  quean, 
confesseth;  Gluttony,  amjer,  envy,  pride,  sacrilege,  thef't, 
s.'auyhter,  were  all  born  that  day  that  a  whore  beyan  her 
profession :  for,  as  she  follows  it,  her  pride  is  r/reater  then  a 
rich  churls,  she  is  more  envious  then  the  pox,  as  maUtious  as 
melancholy,  as  covetous  as  hell.  If  from  the  beyinniny  of  the 
world  any  were  mala,  pejor,  pessima,  bad  in  the  superlative 
deyree,  'tis  a  whore  ;  how  many  have  I  undone,  caused  to  he 
wounded,  slain  !  0  Antonia,  thou  seest  hvhat  I  am  without, 
hut  tcithin,  God  knows,  a  puddle  of  iniquity,  a  sink  of  sin,  <C 
pocky  quean.  Let  hiuj  now  that  so  dotes,  meditate  on  this  ; 
let  him  see  the  event  and  success  of  others,  Sampson,  Hercules, 
Ilolofernes,  &c.  those  inhuite  mischiefs  attend  it;  if  she  be 


>  Tom.  4.  dial,  meret.  Fortasse  etiam  ipsa  ad  aiiiorein  istnui  nonnihil  contiilero. 
■>Quid  enim  meretrix,  uisi  juventutis  expilatras,  virorum  rapina  sen  mors  ;  patrimonii 
devorntrix,  honoris  pernicies,  pabulum  dialjoli,  janua  mortis,  JDferni  supplemen- 
tum  ?  ^Sanguinem  hominum  sorbent.  •^  Contemplatione  Idiotic  c.  34. 

Diserimen  vita;,  mors  blanda,  mel  felleum,  dulce  venenum,  pernicies  dtlicata,  malum 
spontaneum,  &c.  «  Pornodidasc.  dial.  Ital.     Gula,ira,  invidia,  superhia,  sacrilegia, 

latrocinia,  cxdes,  eo  die  nata  sunt,  quo  primuni  meretrix  professionem  fecit.  Su- 
pprbia  major  quam  opulenti  rustici,  iuvidia  quam  luis  venerea;;  iniuiicitia  nocentior 
melanclK-i'.r.,  avuiitia  in  immensum  profunda.  "^Qualis  extra  sura  vides,  qualis 

intra  novit  Deus. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love-Melaneholy.  36^ 

another  mans  wife  he  loves, 'tis  abominable  in  the  sight  of  God 
and  men  :  adultery  is  expressly  forbidden  in  Gods  command- 
ment, a  mortal  sin,  able  to  endanger  hissoule:  if  he  be  such  a 
one  that  fears  God,  or  have  aay  religion,  he  will  eschew  it,  and 
abhor  the  loathsomeness  of  his  own  fact.  If  he  love  an  honest 
maid,  'tis  to  abuse,  or  marry  her;  if  to  abuse,  'tis  fornication,  a 
fowl  fact,  (though  some  make  light  of  it)  and  almost  equal  to 
adultery  itself.  If  to  marry,  let  him  seriously  consider  what 
he  takes  in  hand;  look  before  he  leap,  (as  the  proverb  is),  or 
settle  his  affections,  and  examine,  iirst,  the  party  and  condition 
of  his  estate  and  hers,  whether  it  be  a  fit  match,  for  fortunes, 
veers,  parentage,  and  such  other  circumstances,  an  sit  suxe 
Veneris.  Whether  it  be  likely  to  proceed  :  if  not,  let  him  wisely 
stave  himself  off  at  the  first;  curb  in  his  inordinate  passion, 
and  moderate  his  desire,  by  thinking  of  some  other  subject, 
divert  his  cogitations.  Or  if  it  be  not  for  his  good,  as.^neas 
forewarned  by  Mercury  in  a  dream,  left  Didos  love,  and  in 
all  hast  got  him  to  sea : 

»  Mnesthea.  Sergestumque  vocat,  fortemque  Cloanlhum, 
Classem  aptent  taciti  jubet 

and  although  she  did  oppose  with  vowes,  tears,  prayers,  and 
imprecation, 

nuUis  ille  movetur 

Fletibiis,  aut  illas  voces  tractabilis  audit ; 

Let  thy  Mercury-reason  rulethee  against  allallurements,seem- 
ino-  deliohts,  pleasing  inward  or  outward  provocations.  Thou 
maist  do  this  if  thou  wilt,  pater  non  deperit  Jiliam,  necfrater 
sororem,  a  father  dotes  not  on  his  own  daughter,  a  brother  on 
a  sister;  and  why?  because  it  is  unnatural,  unlawful,  unfit.  If 
he  be  sickly,  soft,  deformed,  let  him  think  of  his  deformities, 
vices,  infirmities:  if  in  debt,  let  him  ruminate  how  to  pay  his 
debts  :  if  he  be  in  any  danger,  let  him  seek  to  avoid  it ;  if  be 
have  any  law-suit,  or  other  business,  he  may  do  well  to  let  his 
love  matters  alone  and  follow  it,  labour  in  his  vocation,  what 
ever  it  is.  But  if  he  cannot  so  ease  himself,  yet  let  him  wisely 
premeditate  of  both  their  estates  ;  if  they  be  unequal  in  yeers, 
sheyono-  and  he  old,  what  an  unfit  match  it  must  needs  be,  an 
uneven  yoak,  how  absurd  and  undecent  a  thingis  it!  asLyci- 
nus,  in  ^  Lucian,  told  Timoiaus,  for  an  old  bald  crooked-nosed 
knave,  to  marry  a  yong  wench;  how  odious  a  thing  it  is  to  see 
an  old  leacher  !  what  should  an  old  fellow  do  with  a  combe,  a 
dumb   doter  with  a  pipe,  a  blind  man  with  a  looking-glass, 


a  Virg.  •*  Tom.  2.  in  voti.i.     Cah  ns  cnm  sis,  nasum  habeas  simnm,  &c. 

VOL.    IT.  B  B 


370  Love- Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

and  thou  with  such  a  wife  ?  How  absurd  is  it,  for  a  yono^  man 
to  marry  an  old  wife,  for  a  peece  of  good.  But  put  case,  she  be 
equal  iuyeer,  birth,  fortunes,  and  other  qualities  correspondent, 
hedolh  desire  to  be  coupled  in  marriage,  which  is  an  honour- 
able estate,  but  for  what  respects?  Her  beauty,  belike,  and 
comeliness  of  person,  that  is  commonly  the  main  ol)ject;  she  is 
a  most  absolute  form  in  his  eye  at  least;  Ciiiformnm  Paphia, 
ct  CJiarites  tribucre  decoipm ;  but  do  other  men  affirm  as 
much?     Or  is  it  an  errour  in  his  judgement?^ 

a  Fallunt  nos  oculi  vagique  sensus, 
Oppressa  ratione  mentiuntur, 

our  eys  and  other  senses  will  commonly  deceive  us.  It  may  be, 
to  thee  thy  self,  upon  a  more  serious  examination,  or  after  a 
little  absence,  she  is  not  so  fair  as  she  seems.  Quadam  riden- 
tnr  et  non  sunt ;  compare  her  to  another  standing-  by.  'tis  a 
touch-stone  to  try  ;  confer  hand  to  hand,  body  to  body,  face  to 
face,  eye  to  eye,  nose  to  nose,  neck  to  neck,  &c.  examine  every 
part  by  it  self,  then  altogether,  in  all  postures,  several  sites, and 
tell  me  how  thou  likest  her.  It  may  be,  not  she  that  is  so  faire, 
but  her  coats;  for,  put  another  in  her  cloaths,  and  she  will 
seem  all  out  as  faire;  as  the  ^poet  then  prescribes,  separate  her 
from  her  cloaths;  suppose  thou  saw  herina  base  beggersweed, 
or  else  dressed  in  some  old  hirsute  attires  out  of  fashion,  fowl 
linnen,  course  raiment,  besmeared  with  soot,  colly,  perfumed 
w  ith  opoponax,  sagapenum,  assa  foetida,  or  some  such  filthy 
gums;  dirty, about  some  undecent  action  or  other:  or,  in  such 
a  case  as  "^  Brassivola,  the  physician,  found  Malatasta  his  pa- 
tient, after  a  potion  of  hellebor,  which  he  had  prescribed  :  Ma- 
mhnfi  in  ter  ram  deposit  is  ^etano  versus  caelum  elevafo  (<ic  si  vide- 
retur  Socraticus  ille  .Aristophanes^  qui  f/eometricas  figuras  in 
terrain  scribens,  tubera  collir/ere  videbatur)  atrani  bilem  in  al- 
bum, parietem.  injiciebat,  adeoque  totam  cameram,  et  se  detur- 
pabat,  ut,  S\c.  all  to  bewrayed,  or  worse ;  if  thou  saw'st  her 
(I  say)  v,  ouldst  thou  affect  her  as  thou  dost  ?  Suppose  thou 
beheldest  her  in  a  ''  frosty  morning-,  in  cold  weather,  in  some 
passion  or  perturbation  of  mind,  Meeping-,  chafing,  &c.  rivel'd 
and  ill  favoured  to  behohl.  S.he,  many  times,  that  in  a  com- 
posed Utokseemssoamiable  and  delitious,  tarn  scifnlajhrmd,  if 
she  do  but  laugh  or  smile,  makes  an  u-jfly  sparrow-mouthed 
face,  and  shews  a  pair  of  uneven,  loathsom,  rotten,  foul  teeth: 
She  hath  a  black  skin,  gouty  legs:  a  deformed,  crooked  carkass 
under  a  fine  coat.     It  may  be,  for  all  her  costly  tires,  she  is 


»P»  tronjiis.  '■  Ovid.  «  In  Cnfarticis,  lib.  2.  <>  Si  ferveat  defonnis, 

ecce  foiniosa  psf :  si  frigeat  formosa,  jam  fit  inrorinis.     Th.  Moms  Epigram. 


Mom.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love-Melanchoiy.  371 

bald ;  and  though  she  seem  so  faire  by  dark,  by  candle  light, 
or  afar  off  at  such  a  distance,  as  Callicratides  observed  in  *Lu- 
cian;  If  thou  shouldst  see  her  neer,  or  in  a  mornimj,  she  ivould 
appear  more  ngly  then  a  beast ;  ^si  dilic/enter  consideres,  quid 
per  OS  et  nareset  cceteros  corporis  meatus  egredltnr,  villus  ster- 
quiUnium  nunquam  vidisti.  Follow  my  counsell;  see  her  iin- 
drest;  see  her,  if  it  be  possible,  out  of  her  attires  ;  furtivis 
nudatam  colorihus  ;  it  may  be  she  is  like  /Esops  jay,  or  "^Plinies 
cantharides ;  she  will  be  loathsom,  ridiculous,  thou  wilt  not 
endure  her  sight:  or  suppose  thou  saw'st  her  sick,  pale,  in  a 
consumption,  on  her  death-bed,  skin  and  bones,  or  now  dead, 
Cujus  erat  gratissimus  amplexus,  as  Bernard  saith,  eiit  horri- 
hilis  aspectus  ; 

Non  redolet,  sed  olet,  quae  redolere  solet. 

As  a  posie,  she  smels  sweet,  is  mostfresh  and  faire  one  day,  but 
dried  up,  withered,  and  stinks  another.  Beautifull  Nireus,by 
that  Homer  so  much  admired,  once  dead,  is  more  deformed 
then  Thersites;  and  Solomon  deceased,  as  ugly  as  Marcolphus: 
thy  lovely  mistress,  that  was  erst 

*!  Charis  charior  ocellis, 

dearer  to  thee  then  thine  eys,  once  sick  or  departed,  is 

Vili  vilior  sestimata  cceno. 

worse  then  any  dirt  or  dunghill.  Her  embraces  were  not  so 
acceptable,  as  now  her  looks  be  terrible :  thou  hadst  better  be- 
hold a  Gorgons  head  then  Helenas  cavkass. 

Some  are  of  opinion,  that  to  see  a  woman  naked,  is  able  of 
it  self  to  alter  his  affection  ,•  and  it  is  worthy  of  consideration, 
saith  "  Montaigne,  the  Frenchman,  in  his  Essaies,  that  the 
skilfullest  masters  of  amorous  dalliance,  appoint  for  a  remedy 
of  veuereous  passions,  a  full  survey  of  the  body  :  which  the 
poet  insinuates, 

f  lUe  quod  obscoenas  in  aperto  corpore  partes 
Viderat,  in  cursu  qui  fuit,  hresit  amor. 

The  love  stood  still,  that  ran  in  full  careire, 
When  once  it  saw  those  parts  should  not  appear. 

It  is  reported  of  Seleucus,  king  of  Syria,  that  seeing  his  wife 


»  Amoram  dial.  Tom.  4,     Si  qufs  ad  Auroram  contempletur  multas  mnlieres  a  nocte 
lecto  surgentes,  turpiores  putabit  esse  bestiis.  ^  Hugo  de  claustro  ammm, 

lib.  1.  c.  I.  c  Bist  nat.  11.  cap.  36.     A  fly  that  hath  golden  wngs  but  a 

poisoned  body.  <•  Buchanan,  Hendecasyl.  ^  Apol.  pro.  Rem.  Se.b. 

fOvid.  2.  rem. 

B    B  2     , 


372  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  ^ec.  2. 

Stratouices  bald  pate,  as  she  was  uiidrcssino-  her  by  chance  he 
could  never  ati'ect  her  after.  llaynHiiulus  Lidlins,  the  physi- 
cian, spying"  an  ulcer  or  canker  in  his  mistress  breast,  whorn  lie 
so  dearly  loved,  iTOin  that  day  following  abhorr'd  the  looks  of 
her.  Philip,  the  French  king-,  as  Neubrigensis,  lib.  4.  cap.  24. 
relates  it,  married  the  kingof  Denmarks  daughter;  -"arKl  aj'trr 
he  had  used  her  as  a  wij'e,  one  night,  because  her  breath  stunk^ 
they  say,  or  Jar  some  other  secret  fault,  sent  her  back  ayain  to 
her  father.  Peter  Mattheus,  in  the  life  of  Lewis  the  eleaventh, 
Andes  fault  with  our  English  i'  Chronicles,  for  writing  how 
Margaret  the  king  of  Scots  daughter,  and  wife  to  Lewis  the 
11.  French  king,  was,  ob  graveolentiam  oris,  rejected  by  her 
husband.  Many  such  matches  are  made  for  by-respects,  or 
some  seendy  comeliness,  which  after  hony-moon  is  past,  turn 
to  bitterness  :  for  burning  lust  is  but  a  fllash,  a^ini powder 
passion ;  and  hatred  oft  follows  in  the  highest  degree7<Iislike 
and  contempt. 

"^Cum  se  cutis  arida  laxat, 

Fiiuit  obscuri  denies. — 

when  they  waxe  old,  and  Ufa voured,  they  may,  commonly,  no 
longer  abide  them. 

Jam  gravis  es  nobis, 

be  gone,  they  grow  stale,  fulsome,  loathsom,  odious,  thou  art 
a  bea.stly  filthy  quean ; 

•^Faciem,  Phoebe,  cacanlis  babes 

thou  art  Satirrni  podex,  withered  and  dry ;  insipida  et  vetnla, 

e  To  quia  rugoe  turpant,  et  capitis  nives, 

(I  say)  be  gone  ;  ^portre  patent,  proficiscere. 

Yea,  but  you  will  infer,  your  mistress  is  compleat ;  of  a  most 
absolute  form  in  ail  mens  opinions;  no  exceptions  can  be  taken 
ather;  nothing  may  be  added  to  her  person, nolhingdetracted; 
she  is  the  mirror  of  women  for  her  beauty,  comeliness  and 
pleasant  grace  ;  unimitable.  mera^  delicia,  meri  leporis,  she  is 
Myrothnfiiim  Veneris,  Gratiarvm  py.ris,  a  mere  magazine  of 
naturall  perfections ;  she  hath  all  the  Veneres,  and  Graces, 

mille  fares  et  mille  fignras, 

in  eacl)  part  absolute  and  compleat. 


?  Post  unam  nocfem,  inrertiim  nude  offensatn  repit,  propter  foetentem  ejus  spiritam 

ali'  Hiciint,  vel  latentem  fneditatoni.   repiirliavit  :  rem  faciens  plane  illicitam,  et  repae 

person;!'  innlfnm  inHpcoram.         •'  Hall  and  Crafton,  belike.         c  Juvenal.  J  Mart. 
'■Tally  in  Cat.             f  Har.  ode  l.S.  lib.  4 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]        Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  S73 

*  Leeta  arenas,  laeta  os  roseum,  vaga  lumina  Iceta  : 
to  be  admired  f-M-  her  person,  a  most  incomparable  iinmatcb- 
able  peece,  rmrea  proles,  ad  si  nm  Inch  rum  alicujns  funninis  com- 
posita;  a  Phoeniy,  vernonth  cetatnlce  Fe«er?7/a,  a  nymph,  a 
faery,  ''like  Veuns  her  self  when  shewas  a  maid ;  nvUl  secnnda, 
a  meer  quintessence, /?ore.<f  spirans  et  amaracnm,  Jcemirue  pro- 
digium  :  Put  case  she  be,  how  long  will  she  continue'? 

•^  Florem  decoris  singuli  carpunt  dies  : 

Every  day  detracts  from  her  person,  and  this  beauty  is  hayiwn 
fragile,  a  meer  flash,  a  Venice  glass,  quickly  broken  : 

•1  Anceps  forma  bonum  mortalibus, 
exigui  donum  breve  temporis  ; 

it  will  not  last.  As  that  fair  flower  "^  Adonis,  which  we  call  a;i 
auemony,  flourisheth  but  one  month,  this  gratious,  all-com- 
manding beauty  fades  in  an  instant.  It  is  a  jewel  soon  lost, 
the  painters  godd esse, ya/A^a  rerifas,  a  meer  picture.  Favour 
is  deceitfull,  and  beauty  is  vanity,  Prov.  31.  30. 

^Vitrea  gemmula,  fluxaque  buUula,  Candida  forma  est, 
Nix,  rosa,  ros,  fumus,  ventus  et  aura,  nihil. 
A  brittle  jem,  bubble,  is  beauty  pale, 
A  rose,  dew,  snow,  smoke,  winde,  ayr,  naught  at  all. 

If  she  be  fair,  as  the  saying  is,  she  is  commonly  a  fool  :  if 
proud,  scornfull ;  seqidturcpie  superhiaformam;  or  dishonest, 
rara  est  concordia  formce  atque  pudicitice,  can  she  he  f aire  and 
honest  too ?  ^  Ariosto,  the  son  of  Agasicles,  married  aSpartan 
lass,  the  fairest  lady  in  all  Greece,  next  to  Helen;  but  for  her 
conditions,  the  most  abominable  and  beastly  creature  of  the 
world.  So  that  I  would  wish  thee  to  respect,  with  Seneca '\ 
not  her  person  but  qualities.  Will  you  say  thafs  a  good  blade 
which  hath  a  gilded  scabbard.)  imbroidered  ivith  gold  and 
jewels  ?  JsTo;  but  that  which  hath  a  good  edge  arid  point,  icell 
tempered  mettle,  able  to  resist.  This  beauty  is  of  the  body 
alone;  and  what  is  that,  but  as 'Gregory  Nazianzen  telleth 
us,  a  mock  of  time  and  sickness ;  or  as  %o^{h.\\\s,^  as  mutable  as 


''Loechaens.  ''  Qualis  fuit  Venus  cum  fuit  virgo,  balsamum  spirans,  &c. 

«  Seneca.  d  Seneca  Hip.  fcCaiucranus  e:..i3.  (38.  cent.  1.  Flos 

omnium  pulcherrimus  statim  languescit,  formae  typus.  r  Bernar.  Bauhusins 

Ep-  1-  4.  sPausanias  Lacon.  lib.  3.     Uxorera  duxit  Spartte  mulieruni  omnium 

post  Helenam  formosissimam,  at  ob  mores  omnium  turpis.sioiam.  ''Epist.  TO'. 

Gladium  bonum  dices,  non  cui  deauratus  est  baltheus,  cec  cui  vagina  genimis  di 
.stingnitur,  sed  cui  ad  secandum  subtilis  acies,  et  mucio  uiuinmen'.nm  omne  rup- 
turus.  i  Pukhritudo  corporis,  temporis  et  morbi  lndii)riuDi.  orat.  .3. 

•>  Florem  mutabilitate  fugacior,  nee  sua  natiua  formosas  facit,  scd  spectantium  in&i-- 
mkas. 


3X4  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

a  /loicre,  and  'tis  not  nature  so  makes  7is,  but  most  part,  the  in- 
firmity of  the  br/t<i{l<>r.  For  ask  another,  he  sees  no  such 
matter  :  Die  mihi  per  yratias  qualis  tihi  vifletur,  I  pray  thee 
tell  ine  how  thoulikest  my  sneet-heart,  (as  she  asked  hersister 
ill  Arista;iietus),  -u-Iiom  I  so  much  admire ;  me  thinhs  he  is  the 
sweetest  yentleman,  the  properest  man  that  ever  I saic:  bftt  I  am 
in  love,  J  confess,  (nee  pudot  fateri)  and  cannot  therefore  well 
jiidge.  But,  be  she  faire  indeed,  gohlen-haired,  as  Anacreou 
his  Bathillus,  (to  examine  particuh^rs)  she  have 

''  Flamineolos  oculos,  collaque  lecteola  ; 

a  pure  sanguirje  complexion,  little  mouth,  coral!  lips,  white 
teeth,  soft  and  plump  neck,  body,  hands,  feet,  all  iaire  and 
lovely  to  behold,  composed  of  all  graces,  elegances,  an  absolute 
peece  ; 

^  Lamina  sint  Melitee  Junonia,  dextra  Minervoe, 
Maraillae  Veneris,  sura  maris  dominse,  &c. 

Let  '^  her  head  be  from  Prague,  paps  out  of  Austria,  belly  from 
France,  back  from  Brabant,  hands  out  of  England,  feet  from 
Rhine,  buttocks  from  Switzerland,  let  her  have  the  Spanish 
gate,  the  Venetian  tyre,  Italian  complement  and  endowments; 

«  Candida  sideriis  ardescant  lumina  flammis, 
Sudent  coUa  rosas,  et  cedat  ciinibus  aurum, 
Mellea  purpureum  depromant  era  ruborem  : 
Fulg-eat,  ac  Venercm  coelesti  corpore  vincat, 
Forma  Dearum  omnis,  &c. 

Let  her  be  such  a  one  throughout,  as  Lucian  deciphers  in  his 
Imagines ;  as  Euphanor  of  old  painted  Venus  ;  Arislaenetus 
describes  Lais;  another  Helena,  Chariclea,Leucippe,Lucretia, 
Pandora  ;  let  her  have  a  box  of  beauty  to  repair  her  self  still, 
such  a  one  as  Venus  gave  Phaon,  when  he  carried  her  over 
the  ford;  let  her  use  all  helps  art  and  nature  can  yeeld  ;  be 
like  her,  and  her,  and  whom  thou  wilt,  or  all  these  in  one;  a 
little  sickness,  a  feaver,  small  pox,  Mound,  scarre,  loss  of  an 
eye,or  limb,  a  violent  passion,  a  distemperatureof  heat  or  cold, 
marres.  all  in  an  instant,  disfigures  all :  child-bearing,  old  age, 
that  tyrant  time  will  turn  Venus  to  Erynnis;  raging  time, 
care,  rivels  her  upon  a  sudden;  after  she  hath  been  married 
a  small  while,  and  the  black  oxe  hath  trodden  on  her  toe,  she 
will  be  so  much  altered,  and  wax  out  of  favour,  thou  wilt 


'E|)ist.  11.   Quem  ego  deperco  juvenes  mihi  piilrherrinms  videtiir  ;  sed  forsnn  amore 
p<»rritn  de  am  ore  non  recte  jiulico.  ''Luc.  Briigen»is  t  Idem. 

<<B«beliHS  adagri*  Ger  "Patron.  Cat. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love -Melancholy.  375 

not  know  her.  One  growes  too  fat,  another  too  lean,  &c. 
modest  Matilda,  pretty  pleasing-  Peg,  sweet  singing-  Susan, 
mincing-  merry  Moll,  dainty  dancing  Doll,  neat  Nancy,  jolly 
Jone,  nimble  Nel,  kissing  Kate,  bouncing  Besse  with  black 
eys,  fair  Phillis  with  tine  white  hands,  fidling  Franck,  tall 
Tib,  slender  Sib,  &c.  will  quickly  loose  their  grace,  grovi'  ful- 
some, stale,  sad,  heavy,  dull,  sour  and  all  at  last,  out  of  fashion. 
Ubijam  vnltus  arr/utia,  aiiavis  snavitatio,  hkmdm  risus,  Sj-c. 
Those  fair  sparkling  eys  will  look  dull,  her  soft  corall  lips  will 
be  pale,  dry,  cold,  rough,  and  blew,  her  skin  rugged,  that 
soft  and  tender  superficies  will  be  hard  and  harsh,  her  whole 
complexion  change  in  a  moment,  and  as  '^  Matilda  writ  to 
King  John, 

I  am  not  now  as  when  thou  saw'st  me  last, 
That  favour  soon  is  vanished  and  past ; 
That  rosie  blush  lapt  iu  a  lilly  vale, 
Now  is  with  morphew  overgrown  and  pale. 

'Tis  so  in  the  rest;  their  beauty  fades  as  a  tree  in  winter,  which 
Dejanira  hath  elegantly  expressed  in  the  poet; 

'^  Deforme  solis  aspicis  truncis  nemiis? 
Sic  nostra  longum  forma  percurrens  iter, 
Deperdit  aliquid  semper,  et  fulget  minus; 
Malique  minus  est  quicquid  in  nobis  fuit, 
Olim  petitum  cecidit,  et  partu  labat, 
Materque  multum  rapuit  ex  ilia  mihi, 
iEtas  citato  senior  eripuit  gradu. 

And  as  a  tree  that  in  the  green  wood  growes, 
With  fruit  and  leaves,  and  in  the  summer  blowes, 
In  winter  like  a  stock  deformed  showes  : 
Our  beauty  takes  his  race  and  journey  goes, 
And  doth  decrease,  and  loose,  and  come  to  nought, 
Admir'd  of  old,  to  this  by  child-birth  brought: 
And  mother  hath  bereft  me  of  my  grace, 
And  crooked  old  age  coming  on  a  pace. 

To  conclude  with  Chrysostome,  ""  When  thou  seest  a  /aire 
and  heautijull person,  a  brave  Bonaroba,  a  hella  Donna,  quiE 
salivam  moveat,  lepidam  puellam  et  quam  tu  facile  ames,  a 
comely  wovian,having  brig  lit  eys,  anierry  countenance,  a  shining 
lustre  in  her  look,  a  pleasant  grace^  wringing  thy  soule,  and 

*M.  Drayton.  ^  genec.  act.  2.  Here.  Oeteus.  <=  Vides  veDuslam  mulie- 

rem,  fulgidum  babenlemoculum,  vultii  hilari  coriiscantem,.  eximiura  qaendam  aspectum 
et  decorum  prae  se  i'ereutem,  nrentem  raentem  tuaui  et  concupisceatiam  agentem  ; 
cogita  terram  esse  id  quod  amas,  et  quod  admiraris  stercus,  et  quod  te  urit^  &c.  c«gila 
illam  jam  senescere,  jam  rugosam  cavis  genis,  aegrotam  ;  tantis  sordibus  intus  plena  est, 
pitaita,  stercore  :  reputa  quid  intra  nares,  oculos,  cerebrum  gestat,  quas  sordei,  &c. 


37(5  Love-Melancholy.  [Prrt.  S.  Sec. 

increasing  thy   concupiscence ;  hethhik  with  thy  self  that  it 
is  but  earth  thou  lovesf,  a  mecr  pxcrement  which  so  vexeth 
thee,  which  thou  so  admiresf,  and  thy  rac/inrj  soiile.  ici/l  be  at 
rest.     Take  her  skin  from  Iter  face,  and  thou  shaft  see  all  loath- 
someness under  it ;  that  beauty  is  a  supfrjicitd  skin  and  bones, 
nerves,  sinewes :  suppose  her  sick,  note  rivp/'d,  hoarie-headed, 
hollow-cheeked,  old;  within  she  isfulloffitlhy  flea  me,  stinkinrj, 
putride,  excrementall  stuff'e  ;  snot  and  s>ievi/l  in  her  nostrills, 
spettle  in  her  mouth,  water  in  her  ry,s,  ichat  Jilfh  in  hfr  brains, 
Sfc.     Or  take  her  at  best,  and  look  narrowly  upon  her  in  the 
light,  staiul  nearer  lier,  nearer  yet,  thoushalt  perceive  ahuost 
as  much,  and  love  less,  as  ''Cardan  well  writes,  7ninus  amant 
qui  acute  vident,  though  Scaliger  deride  hini  for  it :  If  he  see 
Ler  near,  or  look  exactly  at  such  a  posture,  wl.osoever  be  is, 
according-  to  the  true  rules  of  symmetry  and  proportion,  those 
I  mean  of  Albertus  Durer,  Loniatius  and  Tasnier,  examine 
him  of  her.   If  he  be  eleyansformarum  spectator,  he  shall  finde 
many  faults  in  physiognomy,  and  ill  colour;  if  form,  one  side 
of  the  face  bkely  bigger  then  the  other;  or  crooked  nose,  bad 
eys,  prominent  veines,   concavities  about  the  eys,  wrinkles, 
pimples,  redde  streeks,frechons,  hairs,  Marts,  neves,  inequali- 
ties, roughness,  scabredity,  paleness,  yellowness,  and  as  many 
colours  as  are  in  a  turkicocks  neck,  many  indecorums  in  their 
other  parts  ;  est  quod  desideres,  est  quod  ampntes,  one  leers, 
another  frownes,  a  third  gapes,  squints,  &c.     And  'tis  true 
that  he  saith,  ^  Diliyenter  considernnti  raro  fades  absoluta,  et 
qucc  vitio  caret,  seldom  shall  you  finde  an  absolute  face  M'ith- 
out  fault,  as  I  have  often  observed  ;  not  in  the  face  alone,  is 
this  defect  or  disproportion  to  be  found  ;  but  in  all  the  other 
parts  of  body  and  minde ;  she  is  faire  indeed,  but  foolish  ; 
pretty,  comely  and  decent,  of  amajesticall  presence,  but  per- 
adventure  imperious,  unhonest,  acerba,  iniqua,  selfwil'd  :  she 
is  rich,  but  deformed ;  hath  a  sweet  face,  but  bad  carriage  ;  no 
bringing  up  ;  a  rude  and  wanton  flurt,  a  neat  body  she  hath, 
but  is  a  nasty  quean  otherwise,  a  very  slut,  of  a  bad  kinde. 
As  flowres  in  a  garden  have  colour  some,  but  no  sniell,  others 
have  a  fragrant  smell,  but  are  unseemly  to  the  eye;  one  is  un- 
savory to  the  taste,  as  rue;  as  bitter  as  wormwood,  and  yet  a 
mostmedicinaUcordiallflowre,  most  acceptable  to  the  stomack; 
so  are  men  and  v.omen;  one  is  mcU  qualified,  but  of  ill  propor- 
tion, poor  and  base:  a  good  eye  she  hath,  but  a  bad  hand  and 
foot,  Jk'da  pedf's  et  fwda  manus^  a  fine  leg,  bad  teeth,  a  vast 
body,  &c.     Examine  all  parts  of  body  and  minde,  1  advise 
ihee  to  encpiire  of  all.      See  her  angry,  merry,  laugh,  weep, 
hot,    cold,   sick,    sullen,    dressed,   undressed,  in  all  attire*, 

-Snbtil.  13.  ''Cardan,  subtil,  lib.  13. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]     Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  377 

sUes,  gestures,  passions,  eat  her  raeales,  &c.  and  in  some  of 
these  you  wiil  surely  dislike.  Yea,  not  her  onely,  let  him  ob- 
serve, but  her  parents,  how  they  cany  themselves;  for  what 
deformities,  defects,  incumbrances  of  body  ormiiide,  be  in  them 
at  such  an  age,  they  will  likely  be  subject  to,  be  molested  in 
like  manner  ;  they  will  patrizare  or  matrizare.  And  with  all 
let  him  take  notice  of  her  companions,  iw  convictu  (as  Qui- 
verra  prescribes)  et  qiiihiiscum  conversetur,  whom  she  con- 
verseth  with. 

Noscitur  ex  comite,  qui  non  cognoscitur  ex  se. 

According-  to  Thucydides,  she  is  commonly  the  best,  de  quo 
minimus  Jarashabetur  sermo^  that  is  least  talked  of  abroad.  For 
if  she  be  a  noted  reveller,  a  gadder,  a  singer,  a  pranker  or 
dancer,  then  take  heed  of  her.     For  what  saith  Theocritus  ? 

At  YDS  festivee  ne  ne  saltate  puellse, 

En,  malus  hirciis  adest  in  vos  saltare  paratus. 

Yong  men  will  do  it,  when  they  come  to  it. 

Fawnes  and  satyres  will  certainly  play  wrecks,  when  they  come 
in  such  wanton  Bacchos  Elenoras  presence.  Now  m  hen  they 
shall  perceive  any  such  obliquity,  indecency,  disproportion, 
deformity,  bad  conditions,  &c.  let  them  still  ruminate  on  that, 
and  as  ^Heedus  adviseth  out  of  Ovid,  earum  mendas  notent  ; 
note  theirfaults,  vices,  errours,  and  think  of  their  imperfections; 
'tis  the  next  way  to  divert  and  mitigate  loves  furious  head-strong 
passions;  as  a  peacocks  feet  and  filthy  comb,  they  say,  make  him 
forget  his  fine  feathers,  and  pride  of  his  tail ;  she  is  lovely,  faire, 
well  favoured,  well  qualified,  courteous  and  kinde ; 

But  if  she  be  not  so  to  me, 
What  care  I  how  kinde  she  be? 

I  say  with  ''Philostratus, /brmosrt  aliis,  mild  superha ;  she  is  a 
tyrant  to  be,  and  so  let  her  go.  Besides  these  outward  neves, 
or  open  faults,  errours,  there  be  many  inward  infirmities,  secret 
&c.  some  private,  (which  1  will  omit)  and  some  more  common 
to  the  sexe;  sullen  fits,  evil  qualities,  filthy  diseases,  in  this 
case  fit  to  be  considered.  Consideratio  foeditatis  mulieruni 
(menstruas  imprimis)  quam  immundse  sunt,  quam  Savanarola 
proponit  regula  septima,  penitus  observandara.  Et  Platina, 
dial.  Amoris,Juseperstrin(iei.  Lodovicus Boncialus?n?///e6.  lib. 
2. cap.  2. Pet. Haedus,  Albertus,e^  injinitiferemedici.  <=  Alover 

^  Lib.  de  contera.  amoribus.     Earum  mendas  vol  vant  anirao^  saspe  ante  oculos  consti- 
tuant,  ssepe  damnent.  •>  Jn  (Je]jciig_  c  Quum  aniator  annuliim  se  amicsB 

optaret,  ut  ejns  araplexu  fiui  posset,  &c,  O  te  miserum,  ait  anmiliis,  si  meas  vices 
obires,  videreSj  audires,  &c.  niliil  non  odie  digniim  observares. 


378  Love-Melancholif,  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

in  Calcagniiius  apologies,  wished  with  all  his  heart,  he  were  his 
inistressring-,  to  hear,  embrace,  see, and  dol  know  not  what;  O 
thon  fool,  quoth  thering,ifthonwer'stiiJ  inyrooni,thoushoul(ist 
hear,  observe,  and  see  pudnida  et  pccnitenda ;  that  which 
w  ould  make  thee  loath  and  hate  iier ;  yea,  peradventure,  all 
women  for  her  sake. 

1  will  say  nothing  of  the  vices  of  their  inindes,  their  pride, 
envy,  inconstancy,  weakness,  malice,  sclfwill,  liglitness,  insa- 
tiable lust,jealousie ;  Ecchis.  25.  13.  .A  o  malice  to  a  womans; 
no  bitterness  like  hers.  Eccles.  7.  26.  and  as  the  same  author 
urgeth,  Proii.  31.  10.  Who  shall  fin de  a  vertuous  icnman?  He 
makes  a  question  of  it.  '"  Necpiejus  ncc/ne  honum,  yiequecequum 
sciunt,  melius  pejus,  prosit  obsit,  nihil  vin'ent,  nisi  quod  libido 
sugqerit.  Theif  knoiv  Jieither  good  nor  bad,  be  it  better  or  worse 
(as  the  comicall  poet  hath  it)  benejiciall  or  hurtj'uil,  they  will 
do  tchat  they  list. 

''Insidise  humani  generis,  queremonia  vitae, 
Exuviae  noctis,  durissima  cura  diei, 
Poena  virfim,  nex  et  juveniim,  &c. 

And  to  that  purpose  were  they  first  made,  as  Jupiter  insinu- 
ates in  the  '^  poet. 

The  fire  that  bold  Prometheus  stole  from  me. 
With  plagues  cal'd  women  shall  revenged  be  ; 
On  whose  alluring  and  entising  face. 
Poor  mortalls  doting,  shall  their  death  embrace. 

In  fine,  as  Diogenes  concludes  in  Nevisanus,  Nulla  essfoemina 
quce  non  habeat  quid :  they  have  all  their  faults. 

''  (Irbcrp  i^d)  of  tljtin  5at&  ^omc  iiire, 
5f  one  ic  full  of  billany, 
Snotljtr  ij.itlj  a  liquovt'fii)  rnc; 
3tf  one  be  full  of  iuantonnr^S, 
^notjbn-  ii  a  €Wtxs^. 

When  Leander  was  drowned,  the  inhabitants  of  Sestos  con- 
secrated Heros  lanterne  to  Anteros ;  Anteroti  sacrum ;  *  and  he 
that  had  good  successe  in  his  love,  should  light  the  candle  ; 
but  never  any  man  was  found  to  light  it ;  which  I  can  refer  to 
nought,  but  the  inconstancy  and  lightness  of  women. 

^  For  in  a  thousand,  good  there  is  not  one ; 
All  be  so  prond,  unthankfull  and  imkinde, 
With  flinty  hearts,  careless  of  others  moane, 
In  their  own  lusts  carried  most  headlong  blinde. 

aTer.  Heaut.  act.  4.  sc.  1.  *"  Lanliaeus.  <^  See  our  English  Tatias,  li.  I. 

d  Chaucer  in  Romant  of  the  Rose.  'Qui  se  facilem  in  amore  probarit,  hanc 

succeodito.     At  qui  tniccendat,  ad  huxic  diem  repertns  nemo.    Calcagninas.    f  ArioBto. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]     Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  379 

But  more  herein  to  speak,  I  am  forbidden  ; 
Sometime,  for  speaking  truth,  one  may  be  chidden. 

I  am  not  willing,  you  see,  to  prosecute  the  cause  against  them, 
and  therefore  take  heed  you  mistake  me  not;  ^matrouam  mil- 
lam  ef/o  tancfo ;  I  honour  the  sexe,  with  all  good  men,  and  as  - 
I  ought  to  do.     Rather  then  displease  them,  [  will  voluntarily 
take  the  oath  which  Mercurius  Britanicus    took,    Viraghu 
descript.  lib.  2.  fol.  95.      Me  nihil  unqnam  mail  nohilissimo 
sexui,  vel  verba,  vel  facto  mackinaturum,  §-c.     LetSimonide?, 
Mantuan,  Platina,  Pet.  Aretine,  and  such  women-haters  bare 
the  blame,  if  ought  be  said  amiss  :  I  have  not  writ  a  tenth  of 
that  which  might  be  urged  out  of  them  and  others ;  ^  noii 
possmit  iiivectiva;  onmes,  et  satire;  in  fceminas  scriptce,  una 
volnmine  comprehendi.     And  that  which  I  have  said  (to  speak 
truth)   no  more  concerns  them  then  men ;  though  women  be 
more  frequently   named  in  this  Tract.     (To  apologize   once 
for  all)  I  am  neiiher  partiall  against  them,  or  therefore  bitter: 
what  is  said  of  the  one,  mutato  nomine,  may  most  part,  be 
understood  of  the  other.     My  words  are  like  Passus  picture, 
m  *"  Lucian ;  of  whom,  when  a  good  fellow  had  bespoke  an 
horse  to  be  painted  with  his  heels  upwards,  tumbling  on  his 
back,  he  made  him  passant :  now  when  the  fellow  came  for 
his  peece,  he  was  very  angry,  and  said,  it  was  quite  opposite 
to  his  minde  ;  but  Passus  instantly  turned  the  picture  upside 
down,  shewed  him  the  horse  at  that  site  which  he  requested, 
and  so  gave  him  satisfaction.      If  any  man  take  exception  at 
my  words,  let  him  alter  the  name,  read  him  for  her,  and  'tis 
all  one  in  effect. 

But  to  my  purpose  :  If  women  in  generall  be  so  bad,  and 
men  worse  than  they,  what  a  hazard  is  it  to  marry  ?  where 
shall  a  man  finde  a  good  wife,  or  a  woman  a  good  husband  ? 
A  woman,  a  man  may  eschue,  but  not  a  wife  :  wedding  is  un- 
doing (some  say)  marrying,  marring;  wooing,  woing:  '^a  wife 
is  afeaver  hectick,  as  Scaliger  calls  her,  and  not  to  be  cured 
but  by  death,  as  out  of  Menander,  Athenseus  addes, 

In  pelagus  te  jacis  negotiorum, 

Non  Libyum,  non  ^gseum,  ubi,  ex  triginta  non  pereunt 
Tria  navigia  :  ducens  uxorem  servatur  prorsus  nemo. 

Thou  wadest  into  a  sea  itself  of  woes ; 

In  Libycke,  and  jEgsean,  each  man  knowes, 

Of  thirty,  not  three  ships  are  cast  away  ; 

But  on  this  rock  not  one  escapes,  I  say. 

The  worldly  cares,  miseries,  discontents,  that  accompany  mar- 

»Hor.  bChristoph.  Fonseca.  *^Encom.  Demosthen.  dpehrie 

hectica  nsor,  et  non  nisi  morte  avellenda. 


380  Love-Melaneholy.  [Part.  3,  Sec.  2. 

riage,  1  pray  you  learn  of  them  that  have  experience,  for  I  have 
none  ;  '  was/^a?  lyu  Aoyu?  iyivr,jxij.n*,  HbH  mciitis  liberi.  For 
my  port  I'll  dissemble  with  him; 

Este  procul  nymphae,  fallax  c^eniis  cste  puellce  ; 
Vita  jiigata  meo  non  facit  ingeiiio  :  Me  juvat,  &c. 

many  married  men  exclaimc  at  the  miseries  of  it,  and  rail  at 
wives  down  right;  I  never  tried,  but  as  I  hear  some  of  them 
say, 

^  Mare  baud  mare,  vos  mare  accerrimmu  ! 
An  Irish  sea  is  not  so  turbulent  and  raging  as  a  litigious  wife. 

<:  Scylla  et  Charybdis,  Sicula  contorquens  freta, 
Minus  est  timenda  ;  nulla  non  mebor  fera  est. 
Scylla  and  Charybdis  are  lesse  dangerous, 
There  is  no  beast  that  is  so  noxious. 

Which  made  the  divel,  belike,  as  most  interpreters  hold, 
M'hen  he  had  taken  away  Jobs  goods,  corporis  ct  JorUduv  bona, 
health,  children,  friends,  to  prosecute  him  the  more,  leave  his 
wicked  wife;  as  Pineda  proves  out  of  TertuUian,  Cyprian, 
Austin,  Chysostome,  Prosper,  Gaudentius,  &c.  Ut  novum 
calamitutu  hide  genus  viro  existeret,  to  vex  and  gaule  him 
worse  fjitam  totns  inj'ernus,  then  all  the  fiends  in  hell ;  as 
knowing  the  conditions  of  a  bad  woman.  Jnpiter  non  fribnit 
homini  pestilent  his  mah(m,sn\th  Simonides  :  better  dice//  tcith 
a  drar/on  or  a  lion^  then  keep  housewith  a  wicked  wife.  Ecclus. 
25.  18.  Better  dwell  in  a  icilderness.  l*rov.  21.  19.  No 
vickedness  like  to  her.  Ecclus.  25.  23.  She  makes  a  sorry 
heart,  an  heavy  countenance^  a  wounded  minde,  rceak  hands, 
andj'eehle  knees-  vers.  25.  A  icoman  ayid  death  are  two  oj'the 
bitterest  things  in  the  world  :  uxor  niihi  ducenda  est  hodie ;  id 
mihi  visus  est  dicere,  abi  domum  et  suspende  te.  Ter.  .^nd.l.  5. 
And  yet  for  all  this,  Ave  batchelors  desire  to  be  married  ; 
with  that  Vestall  virgin,  we  long  for  it, 

**  Felices  nuptse  !  moriar,  nisi  nubere  dulce  est. 

'Tis  the  sweetest  thing  in  the  world ;  I  would  I  had  a  wife, 
saith  he, 

For  fain  would  I  leave  a  single  life, 
If  I  could  get  me  a  good  wife. 

hai-ho  for  an  husband,  cries  she,  a  bad  husband,  nav  the 
worst  that  ever  was,  is  better  then  none.     O  l)lissful  marriage; 

».Syne»iiw.     Libros  epo  liberos  ireimi.     Lipsius  antiq.  Lcct.  lib.     "^.^  ..        '' Plaulas 
A»iu.  act,  1.  «^  .Sentc.  in  K*rciil.  <<  Sciec. 


Mem.  G.  Subs.  3.]     Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  381 

O  most  welcome  marriai^e ;  and  happy  are  they  that  are  so 
coupled  :  we  do  earnestly  seek,  it,  and  are  never  well  till  we 
have  effected  it.  But  with  what  fate  ?  like  those  birds  in  the 
^Embleme,  that  fed  about  a  caoe,  so  long  as  they  could  fly 
away  at  their  pleasure,  liked  well  of  it;  but  when  they  were 
taken  and  might  not  get  loose,  though  they  had  the  same 
meat,  pined  away  for  sullenness,  and  would  not  eat.  So  we 
commend  marriage, 

—donee  miselii  liberi 


Aspicimus  dominam  ;  sed  postquam,  heu  !  janua  clausa  est, 
Fel  intus  est  quod  mel  fuit: 

So  long  as  we  arc  wooers,  may  kiss  and  coll  at  our  pleasure  ; 
nothing  is  so  sweet ;  we  are  in  heaven,  as  we  think  :  but  when 
we  are  once  tied,  and  have  lost  our  liberty,  marriage  is  an  hell ; 
give  me  my  yellow  hose  ayain:  a  mouse  in  a  trap  lives  as 
merrily;  we  are  in  a  purgatory,  some  of  us,  if  not  hell  it  self. 
Dulce  bellum  ine.vpertis,  as  the  proverb  is ;  'tis  fine  talking 
of  wars  and  marriage,  sweet  in  contemplation,  'till  it  be  tried: 
and  then  as  wars  are  most  dangerous,  irksome,  every  minute 
at  deaths  dore,  so  is,  &c.  When  those  wild  Irish  peers,  saith 
''Stanihurst,  were  feasted  by  King  Henry  the  second  (at  what 
time  he  kept  his  Christmas  at  Dublin)  and  had  tasted  of  his 
princelike  cheer,  generous  Avines,  dainty  fare,  had  seen  his 
*^massie  plate  of  silver,  gold,  inamel'd,  beset  with  Jewells, 
golden  candle-sticks,  goodly  rich  hangings,  brave  furniture, 
heard  his  trumpets  sound,  fifes,  drums,  and  his  exquisite 
musick  in  all  kindes  :  when  they  had  observed  his  majesticall 
presence,  as  he  sate  in  purple  robes,  crowned,  with  his  scepter, 
&c.  in  his  royall  seat,  the  poor  men  were  so  amazed,  enamored, 
and  taken  with  (he  object,  that  they  were  pertcesi  domestici 
et  pristini  tyrotarichi,  weary  and  ashamed  of  their  own  sor- 
didity  and  manner  oflife.  They  would  all  be  English  forth- 
with ;  who  but  English !  but  when  they  had  now  submitted 
themselves,  and  lost  their  former  liberty,  they  began  to  rebell, 
some  of  them,  others  repent  of  what  they  had  done,  when  it 
was  too  late.  'Tis  so  with  us  batchelors,  when  we  see  and 
behold  those  sweet  faces,  those  gaudy  shewes  that  women 
make,  observe  their  pleasant  gestures  and  graces,  give  ear  to 
their  Siren  tunes,  see  them  dance,  &c.  we  think  their  condi- 
tions are  as  fine  as  their  faces  ;  we  are  taken  with  dumbsignes, 
in  amplexum,  ruimus ;  we  rave.  Me  burn,  and  would  fain  be 
married.      But  when  we  feel  the  miseries,  cares,  woes,  that 

*  Amator.  Emblem.  '    ''De  rebus  Hibernicis,  1.  3.  c  Gemmea  pocula, 

argentea  vasa,  calata  candelabra,  aurea,  &c.  Concbyleata  aiilaea,  biiccinarum  clan- 
gorem,  tibiarntn  cantum,  et  symphonise  suavitatem,  raajestatemque  principis  coronati 
cum  vidissent  sella  deanrata^  &c. 


382  Love-MelancJwl.f.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

accompany  it,  we  make  our  moanc,  many  of  us,  cry  out  at 
leniitli  and  catmot  he  released.  If  this  be  true  now,  as  some 
out  of  experience  will  inform  us,  farewell  wiving  for  my  part; 
and  as  the  comicall  poet  merrily  saith, 

"  Perdatur  ille  pessirae  qui  faeminam 
Duxit  secundus,  nam  nihil  prime  imprecor! 
Ignarus  ut  puto  mail  primus  fuit. 

^  Fowl  fall  him  that  brought  the  second  match  to  passe  ; 
The  first  I  wish  no  harm,  poor  man,  alas, 
He  knew  not  what  he  did,  nor  what  it  was. 

What  shall  I  say  to  him  that  marries  again  and  again  ? 

c  Stulta  maritali  qui  porrigit  ora  capistro. 

1  pity  him  not;  for  the  first  time  he  must  do  as  he  may,  bear 
it  out  sometimes  by  the  head  and  shoulders,  and  let  his  next 
neighbour  ride,  or  else  run  away,  or  as  that  Syracusian,  in  a 
tempest,  when  all  ponderous  things  were  to  be  exonerated 
out  of  the  ship,  f/)iia  maxhimm  pondns  erat,  fling  his  wife  into 
the  sea.  But  this  I  confesse  is  comically  spoken,  '^  and  so  I 
pray  you  take  it.  In  sober  sadness,  ^  marriage  is  a  bondage, 
a  thraldom,  a  yoke,  a  hinderance  to  all  good  enterpri.ses ;  he 
hath  married  a  wife,  and  cannot  come ;  a  stop  to  all  prefer- 
ments ;  a  rock  on  which  many  are  saved,  many  impinge  and 
are  cast  away  ;  not  that  tlie  thing  is  evil  in  it  self,  or  trouble- 
some, but  full  of  all  contentment  and  happiness  ;  one  of  the 
three  things  which  please  God,  Uchen  a  man  and  his  wife 
agree  tocfether  ;  an  honorable  and  happy  estate  ;  who  knows 
it  not  ?  If  they  be  sober,  wise,  honest,  as  the  poet  infers; 

s  Si  commodos  nanciscantur  amores, 
Nullum  iis  abest  voluptatis  genus. 

If  fitly  matcht  be  man  and  wife. 
No  pleasure's  wanting  to  their  life. 

But  to  undiscreetsensuall  persons,  that  as  brutesare  wholly  led 
by  sense,  it  is  a  ferall  plague;  many  times  an  hell  itself;  and 
can  give  little  or  no  content,  being  that  they  are  often  so  irre- 
gular and  prodigious  in  their  lusts,  so  diverse  intheiraftections. 
Uxor  nomen  di(/nitatis,  non  voluptatis,  as  ''  he  said,  a  wife  is  a 
name  of  honour,  not  of  pleasure;  she  is  fit  to  bear  the  office, 

»  Ebnlus  in  Crisil.  Athensens  dypnosophist.  1.  13.  c.  3.  *>  Translated  by  my 

brother  Ralfe  Burton.  «  Juvenal.  <>  H»c  in  speciem  dicta  cave  nt  credas. 

eRatchelors  alvrayes  are  the  bravest  men.  Bacon.  S«ek  eternity  in  memory,  hot  in 
pcsterj',  like  Epaminondas,  that,  instead  of  children,  left  two  fcreat  victories  behind  him, 
which  he  called  his  two  daughters.  fEcclns. 'J8.  eEuripides 

Andromach.  ''  j^2Iiiis  Verus  imperatnr  Spar.  \it.  ejus. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  383 

govern  a  family,  to  bring  up  children,  sit  at  boards  end  and 
carve ;  as  some  carnal  men  think  and  say,  they  had  rather  go  to 
the  stews,  or  have  now  and  then  a  snatch  as  they  can  come  by 
it,  borrow  of  their  neighbours,  then  have  wives  of  their  own  ; 
except  they  may,  as  some  princes  and  great  men  do,  keep  as 
many  cnrtisans  as  they  will  themselves ;  fly  out  ivipnney 

*  Permolere  uxores  alienas, 

Or  that  polygamy  of  Turkes;  or  Lex  Julia,  which  Caesar  once 
inforced  in  Rome  (though  Levinus  Torrentius  and  others  sus- 
pect it)  w/i  uxores  quot  et  quas  vellent  liceret,  that  every  great 
man  might  marry,  and  keep  as  many  wives  as  he  would;  or 
Irish  divorcement  were  in  use :  but  as  it  is,  'tis  hard,  and  gives 
not  that  satisfaction  to  these  carnal  men,  beastly  men  as  too 
many  are.  ''What  still  the  same  ?  to  be  tied  ^to  one,  be  she 
never  so  faire,  never  so  vertuous,  is  a  thing  they  may  not  en- 
dure, to  love  one  long.  Say  thy  pleasure,  and  counterfeit  as 
thou  wilt,  as  '^  Parmeno  told  Thais ;  JS^eque  tu  uno  eris  con- 
tenta,  one  man  will  never  please  thee  ;  nor  one  woman  many 
men  :  But  as  *  Pan  replied  to  his  father  Mercury,  when  he 
asked  whether  he  was  married,  Nequaquam  pater,  amator 
enim  sum,  ^c.  JVo  J'ather,  no,  I  am  a  lover  still,  and  cannot 
be  contented  with  one  woman.  Pythias,  Eccho,  Menades,  and 
I  know  not  how  many  besides,  were  his  mistresses ;  he  might 
not  abide  marriage.  Varietas  delectat,  'tis  loathsome  and  te- 
dious; what  one  still?  which  the  satyrist  said  of  Iberina,  is 
verified  in  most: 

f  Unus  Iberina  vir  sufficit?  ocyus  illud 
Extorquebis  ut  hsec  oculo  contenta  sit  uno. 

'Tis  not  one  man  will  serve  her  by  her  will. 
As  soon  shee'l  have  one  eye  as  one  man  still. 
As  capable  of  any  impression  as  materia  prima  it  self,  that 
still  desires  new  formes  ;  like  the  sea,  their  affections  ebbe  and 
flowe.  Husband  is  a  cloak  for  some  to  hide  their  villany; 
once  married,  she  may  flye  out  at  her  pleasure ;  the  name  of 
husband  is  a  sanctuary  to  make  all  good.  Eo  ventum  (saith 
Seneca)  ut  nulla  virum  haheat,  nisi  utirritet  adulterum.  They 
are  right  and  straight  as  true  Trojans  as  mine  hostess  daughter, 
that  Spanish  wench  in  sAriosto;  as  good  wives  as  Messalina. 
Many  men  are  as  constant  in  their  choyce,  and  as  good  hus- 
bands as  Nero  himself;  they  must  have  their  pleasure  of  all 
they  see ;  and  are,  in  a  word,  far  more  fickle  then  any  woman, 

'Hor.  b  Quod  licet,  ingratum  est.  <"  For  better  for  worse,  for  richer 

for  poorer,  in  sickness  and  in  health,  &c.  'tis  durus  sermo  to  a  sensiiall  man.  d  Ter. 
act.  1.  sc.  2.  Eunuch.  e  Lucian.  Tom  .4.     Neque  cum  una  aliqua  rem  habere 

contentus  forem.  f  Juvenal.  8  Lib.  28. 


384  Love-Meltinvholij.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

i^ov  tttjertijcn  be  full  o£  jcalougif, 
(I5v  ma5tcr£ulf,  or  lobeli  iicbrUp,  rtc. 

Good  moil  have  often  ill  wives,  as  had  asXantippe  was  to  So- 
crates, Elevoia  to 8'.  Lues,  Isahella  to  our  Edward  thesecond: 
and  o-ood  wives  are  as  often  matched  to  ill  hnsl)ands  ;  as  Mari- 
amne  to  Herod,  Serena  to  Dioclesian,  Theodora  to  Theophi- 
lus,  and  Thyra  to  Gurmunde.  But  1  will  say  nothing- of  dis- 
solute and  had  Imshands,  of  hafchelors  and  their  vices;  their 
jvood  qualities  are  a  fifter  subject  for  a  just  volume,  too  well 
known  already  ill  every  village,  town  and  city;  they  need  no 
blazon  :  and  lest  I  should  marre  any  matches,  or  dishearten 
loving-  maids,  for  this  present,  I  will  let  them  passe. 

Being  that  men  and  women  are  so  irreligious,  depraved  by 
nature,  so  wandring  in  their  affections,  so  brufish,  so  subject 
to  disagreement,  so  unobservant  of  marriage  rites,  M'hat  shall 
1  say  ?  If  thou  beest  such  a  one,  or  thou  light  on  such  a  wife, 
what  concord  can  there  be,  Avhat  hope  of  agreement?  'tis  not 
conjnfjinm  but  co7ijurf/inm ;  as  the  reed  and  feme  in  the  -^Em- 
bleme,  averse  and  opposite  in  nature:  'tis  twenty  to  one  thou 
•wilt  not  marry  to  thy  contentment :  but  as  in  a  lottery  forty 
blanks  were  drawn  commonly  for  one  prize,  out  of  a  multitude 
you  shall  hardly  choose  a  good  one  :  a  small  ease  hence,  then, 
little  comfort. 

^  Nee  integrum  unquam  transiges  Isetus  diem. 
If  he  or  she  be  sucli  a  one, 
Thou  hadst  much  better  be  alone. 

If  she  be  barren,  she  is  not &c.  If  she  have  *^  children,  and 

thy  state  be  not  good,  though  thou  be  \vary  and  crcumspect, 
thy  charge  Mill  undo  thee. 

foecunda  domum  tibi  prole  gravabit; 

thou  wilt  not  be  able  to  bring-  them  up  ;  "^  and  what  (jreater 
misery  can  there  be,  then  to  he(jet  children,  to  whom,  thou  canst 
leave  no  other  inheritance  but  hnnr/er  and  thirst  ?  ^  cum 
James  dominatnr^  strident  voces  ro(/antiuin  panem, penetrantes 
patris  cor :  M'hat  so  grievous  as  to  turn  them  up  to  the  wide 
world,  to  shift  for  themselves?  No  plague  like  to  want:  and 
when  thou  hast  good  means,  and  art  very  careful  1  of  their 
education,  they  will  not  be  ruled.  Think  but  of  that  old 
proverb,  'Hgwwv  raxva  irrif/.aTai,  Hcroum  Jilii  noxcc,  great  mens 


^Camerar.  82.  cent.  3.  bSimonides.  '' Children  make  misforiunes 

more  bitter.  Bacon.  "•  Heinsiiis  Epist.  Primiero.    Nihil  miserius  quam  procre- 

are  liberos,  ad  qiios  nihil  ex  hiereditate  t\ia   pervenire  videa.s,  prseter  fainem  et  sitim 
"^Christoph.  Fonseca. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  385 

sons  seldome  do  well ;  O  uthiam  ant  coelebs  mansissetn,  uut 
pro/ecarerem!  *  Augustus  exclaims  in  Suetonius.  Jacob  bad 
his  Ruben,  Simeon,  and  Levi :  David  an  Amnon,  an  Absoion, 
Adoniah  ;  wise  mens  sons  are  commonly  fools,  insomuch 
that  Spartian  concludes,  Neminem  prope  viar/norum  virorum 
optimum  et  iitilem  re/lquisse  Jilhim;  i*  They  had  been  much 
better  to  have  been  childless.  'Tis  too  common  in  the  middle 
sort;  Thy  sonnes  a  drunkard,  a  gamester,  a  spendthrift  ;  thy 
daughter  a  fool,  a  whore ;  thy  servants  lazie  drones  and  theeves ; 
thy  neighbours  divels  ;  they  will  make  thee  weary  of  thy  life. 
*=  If  thy  wij'e  be  froivard,  when  she  may  not  have  her  will,  thou 
hadst  better  be  buried  alive ;  she  will  be  so  impatient,  raving 
still,  and  roaring  like  Juno  in  the  tragedy ;  there's  nothing 
but  tempests:  all  is  in  an  uproar.  If  she  be  soft  and  foolish, 
thou  werst  better  have  a  block,  she  will  shame  thee  and  reveal 
thy  secrets :  if  wise  and  learned,  well  qualified,  there  is  as 
much  danger  on  the  other  side,  mnlierem  doctam  ducere  peri- 
culosissimum,  saith  ''  Nevisanus,  she  will  be  too  insolent  and 
peevish. 

e  Malo  Venusinam  qiiam  te  Cornelia  mater. 

Take  heed  ;  if  she  be  a  slut,  thou  wilt  loath  her ;  if  proud, 
shee'l  begger  thee,  ^  shee^l  spend  thy  patrimony  in  bawbles, 
all  Arabia  unll  not  serve  to  perfume  her  haire,  saith  Lucian  : 
if  fair  and  wanton,  shee'l  make  thee  a  cornuto  ;  if  deformed, 
she  will  paint.  If  her  face  be  filthy  by  nature,  she  will  mend 
it  by  art,  alienis  et  adscititiis  imposturis,  s  ivhich,  icho  can  in- 
dure  ?  If  she  do  not  paint,  she  will  look  so  filthy,  thou  canst 
not  love  her,  and  that,  peradventure,  will  make  thee  uuhonest. 
Cromerus  lib.  12.  hist,  relates  of  Casimirus,  ''that  he  was  un- 
chast,  because  his  wife  Aleida,  the  dauohter  of  Henry,  lands- 
grave  of  Hessi,  was  so  deformed.  If  she  be  poor,  slic  brings 
beggery  with  her  (saith  Nevisanus)  misery  and  discontent.  If 
you  marry  a  maid,  it  is  uncertain  how  she  proves : 

Hsec  forsan  veniet  non  satis  apta  tibi : 

If  yong,  she  is,  likely,  wanton  and  untaught ;  \i  lusty,  too  las- 
civious; and  if  she  be  not  satisfied,  you  know  where  and  v»hen, 
nil  nisi  Jnrgia,  all  is  in  an  uprore,  and  there  is  Httle  quietness 
to  be  had  :  if  an  old  maid,  'tis  an  hazard  she  dies  in  childbed  ; 


a  Liberi  sibi  carcinoniata.  b  Melius  fuerat  eos  sine  liberis  cbscessisse. 

c  Lemnius,  cap.  6.  lib.  1.    Si  morosa,  si  non  in  omnibus  obsequaris,  omnia  impacata  in 
ajdibus,  omnia  sursum  misceri  videas,  muttaj  tempestates,  &c.  ''  Lib.  '2.  numer. 

101  sil.  nup.  e  Juvenal.  ffom.  4.  Araores.  Omnem  mariti  opuleniiam 

profundet,  totam  Arabiani  capillis  redolens.  s  Idem.     Et  quis  sana?  mentis  susti- 

nere  queat,  &c.  ''  Subegit  aucillas  quod  uxor  ejus  deformior  essct. 

VOL.    II.  t'  C 


386  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

if  a  rich  widdow,  ""inducps  te  in  laqueum,  tbou  dost  halter  thy 
self;  she  will  make  all  away  before  hand,  to  her  other 
children,  &c. 

''  dominam  quis  possit  feiTe  tonantem  ? 

she  will  hit  thee  still  in  the  teeth  with  her  first  husband  :  if  a 
yongwiddow,  she  is  often  unsatiable  and  immodest.  If  she  be 
rich,  well  descended,  bring'  a  great  dowry,  or  be  nobly  allied, 
thy  wives  friends  will  eat  thee  out  of  house  and  home,  dives 
ruinnm  cedihus  inducit  ;  she  will  be  so  proud,  so  high-minded, 
so  imperious.     For 

nihil  est  magis  intolerabile  dite ; 

there's  nothing  so  intolerable,  thou  shalt  be  as  the  tassell  of  a 
gosse-hauk,  ^  she  will  ride  npon  thee,  domineer  as  she  list^ 
wear  the  breeches  in  heroligarchicall  g-overnment,  and  begger 
thee  besides.  Uxores  divites  serritutem  exirjunt,  (as  Seneca  hits 
them  declam.lib.2.  declnm.G.)  Doteniaccepi,imperiumperdidi. 
They  will  have  sovcraignty,  pro  conjuge  dominam  arcessis  ; 
they  will  have  attendance,  they  Mill  do  M'hat  they  list.  **  In 
taking  a  dowry  thou  loosest  thy  liberty,  dos  intrat^  libertas 
exit,  hazardest  thine  estate. 

Hse  sunt  atque  alise  niultm  in  magnis  dotibus 
Incommoditates,  sumptnsque  intolerabiles,  &c. 

with  many  such  inconveniences.  Say  the  best,  she  is  a  com- 
manding servant;  thou  hadst  better  hav(?  taken  a  good  hus- 
w  ifely  maid  in  her  smock.  Since  then,  there  is  such  hazard, 
if  thou  be  wise,  keep  thy  self  as  thou  art ;  'tis  good  to  match, 
mucli  better  to  be  free. 

e procreare  liberos  lepidissimuni, 

Ilercle  vero  liberum  esse,  id  multo  est  lepidius. 

Art  thou  yong  ?  then  match  not  yet ;  if  old,   match  not 
at  all. 

*" Vis  juvenis  nubere  ?  nonduni  vcnit  tempus. 

Ingravcscente  aetale  jam  tempus  prtetcriit. 

And  therefore,  with  that  philosopher,  still  makeanswer  to  thy 


•1  Sil.  nnp.  1.  2.  outn.  25.    Dives  inducit  tempesfatera,  pauper  curam ;  ducens  viduam 
se  inducit  in  laqueum.  ^  Si  quisque  dicit,  alteram  ducit  famen.  'Si  dotata 

erit,  iinperiosa,  continuoqne  viro  inequitare  conabitur.     Petrarch.  ''  If"  a  woman 

nniirisli  her  husband,  she  is  angry  and  impudent,  and  full  of  reproach.  Eccl-is.  25.  22. 
Scilicet  uxori  nubere  nolo  meas.  <;Plautu3  Mil.  filor.  act.  3.  sc.  1.  ^  Stobseus 

ser.  06.  Alex,  ah  Aiexand.  lib.  4.  cap.  8. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  3.]       Cure  of  Love-Melnncholi/.  387 

friends  that  importune  thee  to  marry,  adhuc  intempeslivum, 
'tis  yet  unseasonable,  and  ever  will  be. 

Consider  withall  how  free,  how  happy,  how  secure,  how 
heavenly,  in  respect,  a  single  man  is,  *  as  he  said  in  the  co- 
moedy,  Et  isti  quod  fortunatuviesseautumant, uxor  em  muKpiarn 
habui,  and  that  which  all  my  neighbours  admire  and  applaud 
me  for,  account  so  great  a  happiness,  I  never  had  a  wife ; 
consider  how  contentedly,  quietly,  neatly,  plentifully,  sweetly, 
and  how  merrily  he  lives !  he  hath  no  man  to  care  for  but 
himself;  none  to  please,  no  charge,  none  to  controle  him,  is 
tied  to  no  residence,  no  cure  to  serve,  may  go  and  come,  when, 
whither,  live  where  he  will,  his  own  master,  and  do  what  he 
list  himself.  Consider  the  excellency  of  virgins,  ^  Virf/o  ccelum 
'mer?«7,  man-iage  replenishes  the  earth,  but  virginity  Paradise^ 
Elias,  Tlliseus,  John  Baptist  wereTjachelors  :  Virginity  is  a 
pretiousjewell,  a  fair  garland,  a  never  fading  flowre ;  "  for  why 
was  Daphne  turned  to  a  green  bay  tree,  but  to  shew  that  vir- 
ginity is  immortall  ? 

^  Ut  flos  inseptis  secretus  nascitur  hortis, 
Ignotus  pecori,  nuilo  contusus  aratro, 
Quam  mulcent  auroe,  firmat  Sol,  educat  imber,  &c. 
Sic  virgo  dum  intacta  manet,  dum  chara  suis,  sed 
Cum  castum  amisit,  &c. 

Virginity  is  a  fine  picture,  as  «Bonaventure  calls  it;  a  blessed 
thing  in  it  self,  and  if  you  will  believe  a  papist,  meritorious. 
And  although  there  be  some  inconveniences,  irksomeuess, 
solitariness,  &c.  incident  to  such  persons,  want  of  those 
comforts,  qnce  ccgro  assideat  et  curet  cvyrotmn,  fomentvm 
paret,  rof/et  mediciim,  tVc.  embracing,  dalliance,  kissing, 
colling,  &c.  those  furious  motives  and  wanton  pleasures  anew 
married  wife  most  part  enjoyes;  yet  they  are  but  toyes  in  re- 
spect, easily  to  be  endured,  if  conferred  to  those  frequent  in- 
cumbrances of  marriage;  solitariness  may  be  otherwise  avoided 
with  mirth,  musick,  good  company,  business,  imployment; 
in  a  word,  ^  Gandehit  minus,  et  viinus  dolebit ;  for  their 
good  nights,  he  shall  have  good  dayes.  And  me  thinks  some- 
time or  other,  amongst  so  many  rich  bachelors,  a  benefactor 
should  be  found  to  build  amonasticall  college  for  old,  decayed, 
deformed  or  discontented  maids  to  live  together  in,  that 
have  lost  their  first  loves,  or  otherwise  miscarried,  or  else 
are  willing  howsoever  to  lead  a  single  life.     The  rest,  I  say, 

*  They  shall  attend  the  Lamb  in  heaven,  because  they  were  not  defiled  witli  women. 
Apoc.  14.  i^Nuptice  replent  terram,  virginitas  Paradisum.  Hier.  <^  Daphne 

in  laurum  semoer  virentein,  immortalem  docet  gloriam  paratam  virginibus  pudicitiam 
servantibus.     '       .       ^  Catul.  Car.  nuptiali.  •=  Diet,  salut.  c.  22.      Pulchern- 

mum  sertum  infiniti  pretii,  gemma  et  pictura  speciosa.  f  Mart. 

c   c  2 


388  Love-MelancJioly.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

are  toyes  in  respect,  and  sufficiently  recompensed  l>y  tliose 
inniuuerable  contents  and  incomparable  privjlcdges  of  vir- 
ginity. Think,  of  these  tliing^s,  confer  both  lives,  and  consider 
last  of  all,  these  commodious  prerogatives  a  bachelor  hath, 
how  well  he  is  esteemed,  how  heartily  welcome  to  all  his 
friends,  (luam  7ne7ititis  obsapiiis,  as  Tertullian  observes,  with 
Avhat  counterfeit  curtesies  they  will  adore  him,  follow  him, 
present  him  with  gifts,  hcnnatis  dnnh :  it  cannot  he  beleeved, 
(saith  ^Aramianus)  icitk  what  humble  service  he  shall  be  wor- 
shipped, how  loved  and  respected  :  If  he  want  children  (and 
have  means)  he  shall  be  often  imnted,  attended  on  by  princes^ 
and  have  advocates  to  plead  his  cause  for  nothinr/,  as  ''  Plu- 
tarch addes.  Wilt  thou  then  be  reverenced  and  had  in 
estimation  ? 


■^  dominus  tamen  et  domini  rex 


Si  tu  vis  fieri,  nullus  tibi  parvulus  aula 
Luserit  ^neas,  nee  filia  dulcior  ilia  ? 
Jucundum  et  charum  slerilis  facit  uxor  amicum. 

Live  a  single  man,  inarry  not,  and  thou  shalt  soon  perceive 
how  those  Haeredipetffi  (for  so  they  were  called  of  old)  will 
seek  after  thee,  bribe  and  flatter  thee  for  thy  favour,  to  be  thine 
heire  or  executor  :  Aruntius  and  Aterius,  those  famous  pa- 
rasites in  this  kinde,  as  Tacitus  and  ''  Seneca  have  recorded, 
shall  not  go  beyond  them.  Periplectomines  that  g-ood  per- 
sonat  old  man,  delicium  senis,  Avell  understood  this  in  Plnutus; 
for  when  Pleusides  exhorted  him  to  marry,  that  he  might  have 
children  of  his  own,  he  readily  replied  in  this  sort, 

Quando  habeo  multos  cognates,  quid  opus  mihi  sitliberis? 

Nunc  bene  vivo  et  fortunate,  atque  animo  ut  lubet. 

Mea  bona  mea  morte  cog-natis  dicam  interpartiant. 

nil  apud  me  edunt,  me  curant,  visunt  quid  agam,  ecquid  velim, 

Qui  mihi  mittunt  munera,  ad  piandium,  ad  coenam  vocant. 

Whilst  I  have  kin,  what  need  I  brats  to  have  ? 

Now  I  live  well,  and  as  I  will,  most  brave. 

And  when  I  dye,  my  goods  I'll  give  away 

To  them  that  do  invite  me  every  day, 

That  visite  mc,  and  send  me  pretty  toyes. 

And  strive  who  shall  do  me  most  curtesies. 

This  respect  thou  shalt  have  in  like  manner,  living-  as  he  did,  a 
single  man.  But  if  thou  marry  once, '  coyitato  in  omni  vita  te 
servnm  forc^  bethink  thyself  what  a  slavery   it  is  ;  what  an 


a  Lib.  24.  QuH  obsequionim  diversitate  colantur  boniiiies  sine  liberis).  b  Hnnc 

alii  ad  canam  iiivitant,  princeps  huic  famuiatur,  oriitores  "gratis  patrocinantur.  Lib.  de 
amore  prolis.  <-AuDal.  11.  ^CO  de  beuefic.  38.  eEGra;co,  ^ 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  4]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy,  389 

heavy  burJhen  thou  shalt  undertake;  how  hard  a  task  thou  art 
tied  to,  (for  as  Hieronie  hath  it,  qui  uxorem  hahet,  debitor  esty 
et  uxoris  sermis  alligatiis,}  and  how  continuate,  what  squalor 
attends  it,  what  irksoineness,what  charges;  for  wife  and  children 
are  a  perpetuall  bill  of  charges ;  besides  a  myriade  of  cares, 
miseries,  and  troubles ;  for  as  that  comical  Plautus  merrily  and 
truly  said,  He  that  wants  trouble,  must  get  to  be  master  of  a 
ship,  or  marry  a  wife  ;  and  as  another  seconds  him,  wife  and 
children  have  undone  me  ;  so  many,  and  such  infinite  incum- 
brances accompany  this  kinde  of  life.  Furthermore,  uxor  in- 
tumuit,  ^c.  or  as  he  said  in  the  comoedy  : 

a  Duxi  uxorem  ;  quarn  ibi  miseriam  vidl !  nati  filii,  alia  cura. 

All  gifts  and  invitations  cease,  nofriend  will  esteem  thee,  and 
thou  shalt  be  compelled  to  lament  thy  misery,  and  make  thy 
moane  with  ^Bartholomaeus  Scheraeus  that  famous  poet  laureat, 
and  professor  of  Hebrew  in  Witenberge  :  I  had  finished  this 
work  long  since,  but  that  ?«^er  alia  dura  et  tristia,  quce  misero 
mihi  pcene  tergum  frecjerunt  (I  use  his  own  words)  amongst 
many  miseries  which  almost  broke  my  back  avl^vjix.  oh  Xanti- 
pismum;  a  shrew  to  my  wife,  tormented  my  minde  above 
measure,  and  beyond  the  rest.  So  shalt  thou  be  compelled  to 
complain,  and  to  cry  out  at  last,  with  '^Phoroneus  the  lawyer, 
How  happy  had  I  been,  if  I  had  icanteda  wife  !  If  this  which 
I  have  said  will  not  suffice,  see  more  in  Lemnius  lib.  4.  cap. 
13.  de  occult,  nat.  niir.  Esnenaceus  de continentid.  lib.  6.  cap.  8. 
Kornman  de  viryinitate ;  Platina  in  Amor.  dial.  Practica  artis 
amandi;  Barbarus  de  re  nxorid.  Arnisceus  in  polit.  cap.  3; 
and  him  that  is  instar  omnium  Nevisaniis,  the  lawyer,  Sylva 
nuptial,  almost  in  every  page. 


SUBSECT.  IV. 

PhilterSf  Magicall  and  Poeticall  Cures. 

Where  perswasions  and  other  remedies  will  not  take 
place,  many  fly  to  unlawful  means;  philters,  amulets,  magick 
spells,  ligatures,  characters,  charmes,  which  as  a  wound 
with  the  spear  of  Achilles,  if  so  made  and  caused,  must  so 
be  cured.  If  forced  by  spells  and  philters,  saith  Paracelsus, 
it  must  be  eased  by  characters,  Mag.  lib.  2.  cap.  28.  and  by 
incantations.      Fernelius  Pa^/i.  /i6.' 6.  ca/?.  13.     "^  Sckenkius 

a  Ter.  Adelph.  *>  Itineraria  in  psalmos  instructione  ad  lectorem.  '^  BriK^n. 

lib.  7.  cap.  22.  Si  uxor  deesset,  nihil  mihi  ad  summam  felicitatem  defiiisset.  d  Ex- 
stinguitur  virilitas  ex  incantamentorum  maleficiis  ;  neqtie  enim  fabula  est,  nonuulh  re- 
perti  sunt,  qui  ex  veneficiis  amore  privati  sunt,  ut  ex  niultis  historiis  patet. 


090  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

I'll).  4.  observ.  Med.  hath  some  examples  of  such  as  have  been 
so  in;ip,icnlly  caused,  and  magically  cured;  and  by  m  itch-craft: 
so  saith  Kaptista  Codronchus,  li//.  H.  cap.  6.  de  mor.  ven.  Mal- 
k'us  malef.  cap.  Q.  'Tis  not  permitted  to  be  done,  1  confess  ; 
yet  often  attempted :  see  more  in  Wierus  lih.  3.  cap.  18.  de 
prccstnj.  deremedih per  PJii/tra.Dchlo  torn.  2.  lib.2.(jiia:st.  2. 
sect.  3.  disquisit.  nuujic.  Cardan  lib.  16.  cap.  90.  reckons  up 
many  mag-netical  medicines,  as  to  piss  throufrh  a  ring,  &c. 
iMizaldus  coit.  3.  30.  Baptista  Porta,  Jason  P'ratensis,  Lobe- 
Wixspag.  87«  Matthiolus,  &c.  prescribe  many  absurd  remedies. 
Radix  mandruf/ora;  ebibkoi  ;  anmili  ex  unynUs  asiul  ;  siercus 
amatcc  sub  cervical  positum,  ilia  nesciente,  S^c.  quuin  odorem 
jceditatis  sentit,  amor  solvitur.  JS^ocina^  ovum  abstemios 
facit  comestuin,  ex  consilio  larthce  Indorum  f/omnosophista: 
(ipud  Philostratum  lib.  3.  Sanyuis  amasicc  ebibitus  omnem 
amoris  scnsum  tollit :  Faustinam  Marei  Aurelii  uxorevi^ 
ffladiaiores  a  more  captam,  it  a  penitrts  consilio  Chaldaorum 
liberafam,  rej'ert  Julius  Capitolinus.  Some  of  our  astrologers 
Avill  effect  as  much  by  characteristical  images,  ex  Siyilli^ 
Ilcrmetis,  Salomonis,  Chaelis,  ^'c.  mulieris  imayo  habentis 
crinessjmrsos,  6fc.  Our  old  poets  and  pliantastical  writers  have 
many  fabulous  remedies  for  such  as  are  love-sick  :  as  that 
of  Protesilaus  tombe  in  Philostratus,  in  his  dialogue  betwixt 
Phoenix  and  Vinitor.  Vinitor,  upon  occasion,  discoursing-  of 
the  rare  virtues  of  that  shrine,  telleth  him  that  Protesilaus 
altar  and  [ombe  *  cures  almost  allmanner  of  diseases,  consump- 
tions., dropsies,  quartan  aynes,  sore  eys  ;  and,amonyst  the  resty 
such  as  are  love-sicky  shall  there  be  helped.  But  the  most  fa- 
mous is  ^  Leucata  Petra,  that  renowned  rock  in  Greece,  of 
Avhich  Strabo  writes,  Geoy.  lib.  10.  not  far  from  Saint  3Iaures, 
saith  Sands  lib.  1.  From  which  rock,  if  any  lover  flung  him- 
self down  headlong,  he  was  instantly  cured.  Venus  after  the 
death  of  Adonis,  Mhen  she  could  take  no  rest  for  love, 

''■  Cum  vesana  suas  torreret  flamma  medullas, 

came  to  the  temple  of  Apollo  to  know  what  she  should  do  to 
bee  eased  of  her  pain  :  Apollo  sent  her  to  Leucata  Petra,  where 
she  pracipitated  herself,  and  was  forthwith  freed;  and  when 
she  woultl  needs  know  of  him  a  reason  of  it,  he  told  her  again, 
that  he  had  often  observed  'Jupiter,  when  he  was  enamored  on 
Juno,thither  go  to  ease  and  wash  hiniself,and  after  himdiverse 
others.    Cephalus  for  the  love  of  Protela,Degonetus daughter, 


*  Curat  onines  morboB,   phtliises,   hydropes,  ei  ociiloriim   niorbos,  et  febre  quartnna 
lalioraiitis,  et  aiiiorf  capfos,  riiiris  art'ibiis  eos  deniulcet.  ''The  moral  is,  vehe- 

iii>  lit  tear  (i^xpells  Io»p.  <;  Catullus.]  "^  Quuui  JuuoDcm  deperiret  Jupiter 

iuipotentef^ibi  solitus  lavare,  8:c. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  4.]       Cure  of  Love-Melanclioly.  391 

leapt  down  here ;  that  Lesbian  Sappho  for  Phaon,  on  whom 
sbe  miserably  doted, 

^Cupidinis  oestro  percita  e  summo  prseceps  ruit, 

hoping  tlras  to  ease  her  seh",  and  to  be  freed  of  her  love  pangs. 

^  Hie  se  Deucalion,  Pyrrhoe  succensus  amore, 
Mersit,  et  illseso  corpore  pressit  aquas. 

Nee  mora,  fugit  amor,  &e. 

Hither  Deucalion  came,  when  Pyrrhas  love 
Tormented  him,  and  leapt  down  to  the  sea, 
And  had  no  harm  at  all ;  but  by  and  by, 
His  love  was  gone  and  chased  quite  away. 

This  medicine  Jos.  Scah'ger  speaks  of,  Ausoniarum  lectiomim 
lib.  18.  Salmutz  in  Pancirol.  de  J  ninndi  mirac.  and  other 
Avriters.  Pliny  reports,  that  amongst  the  Cyzeni,  there  is  a 
well  consecrated  to  Cupid,  of  which  if  any  lover  tast,  his 
passion  is  mitigated:  And  Anthony  Yerdurius  Imag.  Deorum, 
de  Cupid,  saith,  that  amongst  the  ancients  there  was^Jlmor 
Lethes,  he  took  hurning  torches^  and  extinguished  them  in 
the  river  ;  his  statua  icas  to  be  seen  in  the  Temple  of  Venus 
Eleushia,  of  which  Ovid  makes  mention,  and  saith,  that  all 
lovers  of  old  went  thither  on  pilgrimage,  thativould  be  rid  of 
their  love  pajigs.  Pausanias  in  '^Phocicis,  writes  of  a  tem- 
ple dedicated,  Veneri  in  specula,  to  Venus  in  the  vault,  at 
Naupactus  in  Achaia  (now  Lepanto)  in  which  your  widdowes, 
that  would  have  second  husbands,  made  their  supplications  to 
the  goddesse  :  all  manner  of  suits  concerning  lovers  were 
commenced,  and  their  grievances  helped.  The  same  author, 
iu  Achaicis,  tells  as  much  of  the  river  ^Senelus  in  Greece  ;  if 
any  lover  washed  himself  in  it,  by  a  secret  vertue  of  that 
water,  (by  reason  of  the  extreara  coldness  belike)  he  was 
healed  of  loves  torments  ; 

f  Amoris  vulnus  idem  qui  sanat  facit. 

w  hich  if  it  be  so,  that  water,  as  he  holds,  is  omni  auropreiiosior, 
better  then  any  gold.  Where  none  of  all  these  remedies  will 
take  place,  I  know  no  other,  but  that  all  lovers  must  make  an 
head,  and  rebell,  as  they  did  in  s  Ausonius,  and  crucifie  Cupid 
till  he  grant  their  request,  or  satisfie  their  desires. 


^  Menander.  ^  Ovid.  ep.  21.  c  Apiid  antiques  Amor  Lethes  olim  fuit ;  is 

ardentes  faces  in  proflaentem  incljnabat ;  hujus  statua  Veneris  Eleusinae  teniplovi.se- 
batur,  quo  amantes  confluebant,  qui  amicse  memoriam  deponere  volebant.  '^  Lib.  10. 
Vota  ei  nuucupant  amatores,  multis  de  causis  ;  sed  imprimis  vidua  mulieres,  ut  sibi 
alteras  a  Dea  nuptias  esposcant.  e  Rodiginus,  ant.  lect.  lib.  16.  cap.  25.  calls 

it  Selenus.    Omni  amore  liberat.  ^  Seueca.  ?  Cupido  crucifixiis. 

Lepidum  poema. 


392  Love-Mela uchohi.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 


SUBSECT.   V. 


The  laat  and  best  Cure  of'  Lovc-3Iclanckoli/,  is,  to  let  them 
have  their  Desire. 

J.  HE  last  refnge  and  surest  remedy,  to  be  put  in  practice  in 
tlie  utmost  place,  when  no  other  means  will  take  effect,  is,  to 
let  them  go  together,  and  enjoye  one  another;  potissima  cvra 
est  ut  heros  amasid  sua,  potiatur,  saith  Guianerius,  cap.  15. 
tract.  15.  iEsculapius  himself,  to  this  malady,  cannot  invent 
a  better  remedy,  fjuam  ut  amanti  cedat  amatum,  "(Jason 
Pratensis)  then  that  a  lover  have  his  desire. 

Et  pariter  torulo  bin!  jun^antur  in  uno, 
Et  pulcbro  detur  ^Enese  Lavinia  conjiix. 

And  let  them  both  be  joyned  in  a  bed, 

And  let  .Slneas  fair  Lavinia  wed. 

'Tis  the  special  cure,  to  let  them  bleed  in  vend  Hi/menccd,  for 
love  is  a  pluresie,  and  if  it  be  possible,  so  let  it  be : 

optataque  gaudia  carpant. 

^Arculanus  holdsitthe  speedicstand  the  best  cure;  'tisSavana- 
rolas  '^last  precept;  a  principall  infallible  remedy;  ibe  last, 
sole,  and  safest  refuge. 

''  Juba  sola  potes  nostras  extinguere  flammas, 
Non  nive,  non  glacie,  sed  potes  igne  pari. 
Julia  alone  can  quench  my  desire, 
Willi  neither  ice  nor  snow,  but  with  like  fire. 

When  you  have  all  done,  saith  "  Avicenna,  there  be  no 
speedier  or  safer  course^  then  to  joyn  the  parties  tof/ether  ac- 
cordiufi  to  their  desires  and  wishes,  the  custome  and  forme  of 
law  ;  and  so  we  have  seen  him  (juicAlif  restored  to  his  former 
health,  that  was  Ian  finished  awaii  to  shin  and  bones  ;  after  his 
flesire  iras  satisfied,  his  discontent  ceased,,  and  we  thouqht  it 
stranr/e;  our  opinion  is,  therefore,  that  in  such  cases,  nature  is 
to  be  obeifcd.  Arateus,  an  old  author,  lib.  3.  cap.  3.  hath  an 
instance  of  a  yong  man  'when  no  other  means  could  prevail, 

a  Cap.  19.  (1e  morh.  cerebri.  bPatiens  potiatur  re  amata,  si  fieri  possit,  optima 

riira.  cap.  16.  in  9  Rliasis.  c  Si  nihil  aliiui,  niiptiie  et  copiilatio  cum  ea. 

•'  Pelronins  Catal.  *  Cap.  de  llislii.     Non  invenitur  cura,  nisi  regimen  con- 

nt-xioniH  inter  con,  secunrluni  modiim  promis.sionis,  et  legis ;  et  sic  vidimus  ad  camem 
restitiitura,  qui  Jam  venerat  ad  arefac fioneni  ;  evanuit  cura  po»t<iuan»  sensit,  &c. 
f  Fama  est  melancholirum  quendam  tx  aniore  iusanabjliter  se  hauentein,  ubi  puellsese 
conjunxissct,  rcstitutum,  &r. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]     Citre  of  Love- Melancholy.  393 

was  so  speedily  relieved.  What  remains  then  but  to  joyn 
them  ill  marriage  ? 

^Tanc  et  basia  morsiunculasque 
Surreptim  dare,  mutuos  fovere 
Amplexus  licet,  et  licet  jocari. 

They  may  then  kiss  and  coll,  lye  and  look  babys  in  one  an- 
others  eys,  as  their  syres  before  them  did  :  they  may  then  sa- 
tiate themselves  with  loves  pleasures,  which  they  have  so  long- 
wished  and  expected. 

Atque  uno  simul  in  tcro  quiescant, 
Conjuncto  simul  ore  suavientur, 
Et  somnos  agitent  quiete  in  una. 

Yea,  but  hie  labor,  hoc  opns^  this  cannot  conveniently  be 
done,  by  reason  of  many  and  severall  impediments.  Some- 
times both  parties  themselves  are  not  agreed:  parents, tutors, 
masters,  guardians,  will  not  give  consent;  lawes,  customes, 
statutes  hinder  :  poverty,  superstition,  fear  and  suspition  : 
many  men  dote  on  one  woman,  semel  et  simul:  she  dotes  a» 
much  on  him,  or  them,  and  in  modesty  must  not,  cannot  woo, 
as  unwilling  to  confess,  as  willing  to  love  :  she  dare  not  make 
it  known,  shew  her  affection,  or  speak  her  minde.  And  /iart/l 
is  the  choyce  (as  it  is  in  Euphues)  ichen  one  is  compelled,  either^ 
by  silence  to  dye  with  grief,  or  by  speaking  to  live  with  shame, 
inthiscase  almost,  was  the  faire  lady  Elizabeth,  Edward  the 
fourth  his  daughter,  when  she  was  enamored  on  Henry  the 
seventh,  that  noble  yong  prince,  and  new  saluted  king,  when 
she  break  forth  into  that  passionate  speech,  ''  O  that  I  were 
worthy  of  that  comely  prince  !  but  my  father  being  dead,  I 
want  friends  to  motion  such  a  matter  !  What  shall  I  say  ?  I 
am  all  alone,  and  dare  not  open  my  minde  to  any.  What,  if 
I  acquaint  my  mother  with  it  ?  bashfulness  forbids.  What, 
if  some  of  the  lords  ?  audacity  wants.  0  that  I  might  but 
confer  with  him,  perhaps  in  discourse  I  might  let  slip  such  a 
word  that  might  discover  mine  intention  !  How  many  modest 
maids  may  this  concern,  I  am  a  poor  servant,  what  shall  I  do? 
1  am  a  fatherless  child,  and  want  means  ;  I  am  blith  and  bux- 
ome,  yong  and  lusty,  but  I  have  never  a  suiter;  exspectant 
stolidi  ut  ego  illos  rogatum  veniam,  as  '^she  said;  a  company 
of  silly  fellows,  look,  belike,  that  I  should  woo  them  and 
speak  first:  fain  they  would  and  cannot  woo ; 

d  q^ge  primum  exordia  sumam  ? 


"  Jovian.  Poutanus,  Basi.  lib.  1.  ^  Speede's  hist.  e.  MS.  Ber.  Andreae. 

Lucre'iia  in  Coelestina,  act.  19.  Barthio  interpret.  <i  Virg.  4.  /En. 


394  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

bein!?  incerly  passive,  they  may  not  make  sute,  with  many 
such  h'ts  and  inconveniences,  which  1  know  not;  what  shall 

we  do  in  such  a  case  ?  sing'  Fortune  my  Foe? 

Some  are  so  curious  in  this  belialf,  as  those  old  Romans,  our 
modern  Venetians  Dutch  and  French,  that  if  two  parties 
dearly  love,  the  one  noble,  the  other  ig-noble,  they  may  not 
by  their  lawes  match,  though  equal  otherwise  in  yeers,  for- 
tunes, education,  and  all  good  affection.  In  Germany,  except 
they  can  prove  gentility  by  three  descents,  they  scorn  to  match 
with  them.  A  noble  man  must  marry  a  noble  woman  :  a 
baron,  a  barons  daughter ;  a  knight,  a  knights;  agenlleman, 
a  genllemans  :  as  slatters  sort  their  slattes,  do  they  degrees 
and  families.  If  she  be  never  so  rich,  faire,  well-qualified 
otherwise,  they  will  make  him  forsake  her.  The  Spaniards 
abhor  all  widdowes;  the  Turks  repute  them  old  women,  if 
past  five  and  twenty.  But  these  are  too  severe  lawes,  and 
strict  customes,  dandum.  aliquid  aniori ;  we  are  all  the  sons  of 
Adam  ;  'tis  opposite  to  nature,  it  ought  not  to  be  so.  Again, 
he  loves  her  most  impotently,  she  loves  not  him,  and  so  e  con- 
tra.    ""  Pan  loved  Echo,  Echo  Satyrus,  Satyrus  Lyda. 

Quantum  ipsorum  aliquis  aniantem  oderat, 
Tantum  ipsius  amans  odiosus  erat. 

They  love  and  loath  of  all  sorts ;  he  loves  her,  she  hates  him; 
and  is  loathed  of  him,  on  whom  siie  dotes.  Cupid  hath  two 
darts,  one  to  force  love,  all  of  gold,  and  that  sharp, 


■'^  Quod  facit  auratum  est. 


Another  blunt,  of  lead,  and  that  to  hinder; 

fugat  hoc,  facit  iUud  amorem. 

This  we  see  too  often  verified  in  our  common  experience. 
•^  Choresus  dearly  loved  that  virgin  Callyrrhol-,  but  the  more 
he  loved  her,  the  more  she  hated  him.  Oi-none  loved  Paris, 
but  he  rejected  her  ,  they  are  stiffe  of  all  sides,  as  if  beauty 
were  therefore  created  to  undo,  or  be  undone.  I  give  her  all 
attendance,  all  observance,  I  pray  and  intreat,  "^  Alma^  precor, 
miserere  mei,  faire  mistress  pity  me,  I  spend  my  self,  my  time, 
friends  and  fortunes  to  win  her  favour,  (as  he  complains  in  the 
*  Eglogue,)  I  lament,  sigh,  weep,  and  make  mymoane  to  her, 
but  she  is  hard  as  flint; 


cautibus  Ismariis  immotior 


a  E  Graeco  Moschi.  >>  Ovid.  Met.  1.  <:  Pausanias  Acha'icis  lib.  7. 

Perdite  amabat  Callyrrhoen  nrginem,  et  quanto  erat  Choresi  amor  vehementior,  tanto 
♦rat  pnelljn  animus  ab  ejus  amore  alienior.  i"  Virg.  6.  iEn.  «  Erasmus 

Egl.  Galatea. 


MeiQ.  6.  Subs.  5.]      Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  395 

as  faire  and  hard  as  a  diamond,  she  will  not  respect,  {Despec- 
tics  tihi  sum)  or  hear  me. 

fugit  ilia  vocanlem, 

Nil  lachrymas  miserata  meas,  nil  flexa  querelis. 

What  shall  1  do  ? 

I  wooed  her  as  a  yong  man  should  do, 
But  Sir,  she  said,  I  love  not  you. 

a  Durior  at  scopidis  mea  Coelia,  marmore,  ferro, 
Robore,  rupe,  antro,  cornu,  adamante,  gelu,    -• 

Rock,  morble,  heart  of  oak  with  iron  bar'd 
Frost,  flint  or  adamants  are  not  so  hard. 

I  give,  I  bribe,  1  send  presents,  but  they  are  refused. 

b  Rusticus  est  Coridon,  nee  munera  curat  Alexis. 
I  protest,  I  swear,  I  weep  ; 

c  odioque  rependit  amores, 

Irri^u  lachrymas 

She  neglects  me  for  all  this ;  she  derides  me,  contemns  me, 
she  hates  me:  Phillida  flouts  me  :  Caute,J'eris,  quercu  durior 
Enrydice,  stifFe,  churlish,  rocky  still. 

And  'tis  most  true,  many  gentlewomen  are  so  nice,  they 
scorn  all  suiters,  crucifie  their  poor  paramours;  and  think  no 
body  good  enough  for  them,  as  dainty  to  please  as  Daphne 
her  self. 

«i  Multi  illam  peti^re,  ilia  aspernata  petentes, 
Nee  quid  Hymen,  quid  amor,  quid  sint  connubia,  curat. 

Many  did  woo  her,  but  she  scorn'd  them  still, 
And  said  she  would  not  marry  by  her  will. 

One  while  they  will  not  marry,  as  they  say  at  least,  (when  as 
they  intend  nothing  less,)  another  while  not  yet,  when  'tis  their 
only  desire ;  they  rave  upon  it.  She  will  marry  at  last,  but  not 
him:  he  is  a  proper  man  indeed,  and  m  ell  qualified,  but  he  wants 
means  :  another  of  her  suiters  hath  good  means,  but  he  wants 
wit;  one  is  too  old,  another  too  yong,  too  deformed,  she  likes 
not  his  carriage  ;  a  third  too  loosely  given,  he  is  rich,  but  base 
born  :  she  will  be  a  gentlewoman,  a  lady,  as  her  sister  is,  as 
her  mother  is  :  she  is  all  out  as  faire,  as  well  brought  up,  hath 
as  good  a  portion,  and  she  looks  for  as  good  a  match,  as  Matilda 


''Angerianus  ErotopzEgnioru  '•Virg.  cLouchceus.  *  Ovid.  Met.  I. 


39G  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2, 

or  Dorinda  :  if  not,  she  is  resolved  as  yet  to  tarry  :  so  apt  are 
yoijor  maids  to  booole  at  every  object,  so  soon  won  or  lost  with 
every  toye,  so  quickly  diverted,  so  hard  to  be  pleased.  In  the 
mean  time,  qiiot  torsit  amanfes/  one  suiter  pines  away,  lan- 
guisheth  in  love,  mori  (juot  demqw.  cof/it  !  another  sio-h's  and 
grieves,  she  cares  not:  and  which ^Stroza  objected  to  Ariadne 

Nee  magis  Euriali  gemitu,  lacrymisque  raoveris, 

Quam  prece  turbati  flectitur  ora  salt. 
Tu  juvenem,  quo  non  formosior  alter  in  urbe, 

Spernis,  et  insane  cogis  amore  mori. 
Is  no  more  mov'd  with  those  sad  sighs  and  tears 
Of  her  sweet-heart,  then  raging  sea  with  prayers  : 
Thou  scorn'st  the  fairest  youth  in  all  our  city, 
And  mak'st  him  almost  mad  for  love  to  dye. 

They  take  a  pride  to  prank  up  tiiemselves,  to  makeyong  men 
enamored, 

''captare  viros  et  spernere  captos, 

to  dote  on  tbera,  and  to  run  mad  for  their  sakes, 

■ *=  scd  nullis  ilia  movetur 

Fletibus,  aut  voces  ullas  tractabilis  audit: 
Whilst  niggardly  their  favours  they  discover. 
They  love  to  be  belov'd,  yet  scorn  the  lover. 

All  suit  and  service  is  too  little  for  them,  presents  too  base: 

Tormentis  gaudet  amantis et  spoliis. 

As  Atalanta  they  must  be  over-run,  or  not  won.  Many  yong- 
men  are  as  obstinate,  and  as  curious  in  their  choycc,  as  tyran* 
nically  proud, insulting-, deceitful,  false-hearted,  as  irrefrao-able 
and  peevish  on  the  other  side  ;  Narcissus  like. 

''Multi  ilium  juvenes,  multae  petiere  puellae, 
Sed  fuit  in  lenera  tarn  dira  superbia  forma, 
Nulli  ilium  juvenes,  nullte  petiere  puellec. 
Yong  men  and  maids  did  to  him  sue, 
But  in  his  youth  so  proud,  so  coy  was  he, 
Yong  men  and  maids  bad  him  adiew. 
Echo  wept  and  wooed  by  oil  means  above  the  rest ;  love  me 
for  pitty,  or  pitty  me  for  love,  but  be  was  obstinate. 

Ante  ait  cmoriar  quam  sittibi  copia  nostri, 

he  would  rather  dye  then  give  consent.  Psyche  ran  whining 
after  Cupid, 

Erot.  Lib.  2.  bx.  H.  ^virg.^  ^a  "^  Metamor.  3. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]        Cure  of  Love- Melancholy.  397 

a  Formosum  tua  te  Psyche  formosa  requirit, 
Et  poscit  te  Dia  Deum,  puerumque  puella. 

Faire  Cupid,  thy  faire  Psyche  to  thee  sues, 
A  lovely  lass  a  fine  yong  gallant  wooes ; 

but  he  rejected  her  nevertheless.  Thus  many  lovers  do  hold 
out  so  long,  doting'  on  themselves, stand  in  their  own  light,  till 
in  the  end  they  come  to  be  scorned  and  rejected,  as  Strozas 
Garg-iliana  was ; 

Te  juvenes,  te  od^re  senes,  desertaque  langues, 
Qute  fueras  proccrum  publica  cura  prius. 
Both  yong  and  old  do  hate  thee  scorned  now, 
That  once  was  all  iheir  joye  and  comfort  too. 

as  Narcissus  was  himself, 

■Who  despising  many, 


Died,  ere  he  could  enjoye  the  love  of  any. 

They  begin  to  be  contemned  themselves  of  others,  as  he  was 
of  his  shadow,  and  take  up  with  a  poor  curat,  or  an  old  serv- 
ing-man at  last,  that  might  have  had  their  choyce  of  right 
good  matches  in  their  youth ;  like  that  generous  mare,  in 
^  Plutarch,  which  would  admit  of  none  but  great  horses  ;  but 
when  her  tail  M'as  cut  oft' and  mane  shorn  close,  and  she  now 
saw  her  self  so  deformed  in  the  water,  when  she  came  to 
drink,  ah  ashio  conscendi  sepassa,  she  was  contented  at  last  to 
be  covered  by  an  ass.  Yet  this  is  a  common  humour,  Avill 
not  be  left,  and  cannot  be  helped. 

*^Hanc  volo  quES  non  vult,  illam  quae  vult  ego  nolo: 
Vincere  vult  animos,  non  satiare  Venus. 

I  love  a  maid,  she  loves  me  not :  full  fain 
She  would  have  me,  but  I  not  her  again  ; 
So  love  to  crucifie  mens  soules  is  bent, 
But  seldoth  doth  it  please  or  give  content. 

Their  love  danceth  in  a  ring,  and  Cupid  hunts  them  round 
about;  he  dotes,  is  doted  on  again. 

Dumque  petit  petitur,  pariterque  accendit  etardet; 

their  affection  cannot  be  reconciled.  Oftentimes  they  may  and 
will  not;  'tis  their  own  foolish  proceedings  that  mars  all;  they 
are  too  distrustful  of  themselves,  too  soon  dejected  :  say  she  be 
rich,  thou  poor :  she  yong,  thou  old :  she  lovely  and  faire,  thou 
most  illfavoured  and  deformed :  she  noble,  thou  base :  she  s  pruce 
and  fine,  but  thou  an  ugly  clown  :  nil  desperandum,  there's 

"Fracastorius  Dial,  de  aniiu.  ^  Dial.  am.  '^Ausonias. 


:J98  -i^*^  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

hope  ^noiioh  yet.  Mopxn  Ntsa  datur  ;  qnid  non  speremus 
amantcs  ?  Put  thy  self  forward  once  more,  as  unlikely  matches 
have  been  ami  are  daily  made,  see  what  will  be  the  erent. 
Many  leave  roses  and  gather  thistles,  loath  hony  and  love 
verjuice;  our  likings  are  as  various  as  our  palates.  But  com- 
monly they  omit  opportunities,  oscnla  (jui  snmpsit,  ^c.  they 
neglect  the  usual  means  and  times. 

He  that  will  not  when  he  may, 
When  he  wiil  he  shall  have  nay. 

They  look  to  be  wooed,  sought  after,  and  sued  to.  IMost  part, 
they  will  and  cannot,  either  for  the  above-named  reasons,  or 
for  that  there  is  a  multitude  of  suiters  equally  enamored,  doting- 
all  alike ;  and  where  one  alone  must  speed,  what  shall  become 
of  the  rest?  Hero  v,as  beloved  of  many,  but  one  did  enjoyeher; 
Penelope  had  a  company  of  suiters,  yet  all  missed  of  their  aym.. 
In  such  cases,  he  or  they  must  wisely  and  warily  unwind  them- 
selves, unsettle  his  affections  by  those  rules  above  prescribed, 

^  quiu  stultos  excutit  ignes ; 

divert  his  cogitations,  or  else  bravely  bear  it  out,  as  Turnus 
did,  Tua  sit  Lamn'ia  conjux ;  when  he  could  not  gether,Mith 
a  kindof  heroical  scorn  he  bid  ^Eneas  take  her,  or  with  a  milder 
farewel,  let  her  go. 

Et  Phillida  solus  habeto, 

take  her  to  you,  God  give  you  joye,  sir.  The  fox  in  the  em- 
blem would  eat  no  grapes,  but  why  r  because  he  could  not  get 
them  :  care  not  thou  for  that  which  may  not  be  had. 

Many  such  inconveniences,  lets  and  hinderances  there  are, 
wliichcross  their  projects,  and  crucifie  poor  lovers;  which  some- 
times may,  sometimes  again,  cannot  be  so  easily  removed.  But 
put  case,  they  be  reconciled  all,  agreed  hitherto ;  suppose  this 
love  or  good  liking  be  betwixt  two  alone,  both  parties  well 
pleased,  there  is  viutnitsamor^  mutual  love  and  great  affection  : 
yet  their  parents,  guardians,  tutors,  cannot  agree;  thence  all 
is  dashed  :  the  match  is  unequal;  one  rich,  another  poor  :  du- 
ru3  pater,  nu  hard-hearted,  unnatural,  a  covetous  father  will 
not  marry  his  son,  except  he  have  so  much  mony;  ita  in  an- 
rum  omnes  insaniunt,  as  ^  Chrysostome  notes  :  nor  joyn  his 
daughter  in  marriage,  (o  save  her  dowry :  or  for  that  he  cannot 
spare  her  for  the  service  she  doth  him,  and  is  resolved  to  part 
witli  nothing  whilest  he  lives,  not  a  penny,  though  he  may  per- 
adventure,  well  give  it,  he  will  not  till  he  dies  ;  and  then  as  a 


O^-id-  Met.  9.  ^  Horn.  5.  in  1  episL  Tliess.  cap.  4.  ver.  1. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]     Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  '399 

pot  of  mony  broke,  it  is  divided  amongst  them  that  gaped  after 
it  so  earnestly.  Or  else  he  wants  means  to  set  her  out,  he  hath 
no  mony,  and  though  it  be  the  manifest  prejudice  of  her  body 
and  soules  health,  he  cares  not ;  he  will  take  no  notice  of  it; 
she  must  and  shall  tarry.  Many  slack  and  careless  parents, 
iniquipatres,  measure  their  childrens  affections  by  their  own  : 
they  are  now  cold  and  decrepit  themselves,  past  all  such  youth- 
ful conceits,  and  they  will  therefore  starve  their  childrens 
genius,  have  them  a  pueris  ^illico  nasci  scenes,  they  must  not 
marry,  nee  earum  affines  esse  rerum  qnas  secum  J'ert  adoles- 
centid  :  ex  sua  lihidine  moderatur  quae  est  nunc^  non  quce  olim 
fiiit,  as  he  said  in  the  comoedy  :  they  will  stifle  nature,  their 
yong  bloods  must  not  participate  of  youthful  pleasures,  but 
be  as  they  are  themselves,  old  on  a  sudden.  And  'tis  a  ge- 
neral fault  amongst  most  parents  in  bestowing  of  their  chil- 
dren ;  the  father  wholly  respects  wealth,  when  through  his  own 
folly,  riot,  indiscretion,  he  hath  embeazled  his  estate, to  recover 
himself,  he  confines  and  prostitutes  his  eldest  sons  love  and  af- 
fection to  some  fool,  or  ancient,  or  deformed  piece  for  mony  : 
^  PhanarettE  ducet  filiam,  rufam  illam  virginem, 

Cfesiam,  sparso  ore,  adunco  naso 

and  though  his  son  utterly  dislike,  with  Clitipho  in  the  co- 
mcedy,  Non  possum,  pater.  If  she  be  rich,  Eja  (he  replies)  ut 
elegans  est,  credas  animum  ibi  esse  ?  he  must  and  shall  have 
her,  she  is  faire  enough,  yong  enough ;  if  he  look  or  hope  to  in- 
herit his  lands,  he  shall  marry,  not  when  or  whom  he  loves, 
Ai'conidis  hnjns  Jiliani,  but  whom  his  father  commands,  when 
and  where  he  likes,  his  affection  must  dance  attendance  upon 
him.  His  daughter  is  in  the  same  predicament,  forsooth  ;  as 
an  empty  boat,  she  must  carry  what,  where,  when,  and  whom 
her  father  will.  So  that  in  these  businesses  the  father  is  still 
for  the  best  advantage.  Now  the  mother  respects  good  kin- 
dred ;  most  part,  the  son  a  proper  woman.  All  which  "  Livy 
exemplifies,  dec.  1.  lib.  4.  a  gentleman  and  a  yeoman  woo'da 
wench  in  Rome  (contrary  to  that  statute  that  the  gentry  and 
commonalty  must  not  match  together);  the  matter  was  contro- 
verted :  The  gentleman  was  preferred  by  the  mothers  voice, 
quce  quam  splendidissimis  nuptiis  jun(/i  puellani  volebat :  the 
overseers  stood  for  him  that  was  most  worth,  &c.  But  pa- 
rents ought  not  to  be  so  strict  in  this  behalfe ;  beauty  is  a 
dowrie  of  it  self  all-sufticient.  ''  Virgo  formosa,  etsi  oppido 
pauper,  abunde  dotataest,  ^Rachel  was  so  married  by  Jacob; 


*Ter.  ''  Ter.  Heaut.  seen.  ult.  "^  Plebeius  et  nobilis  ambiebant  puella 

puellsB  certamen  in  partes  venit,  &c.  <i^pi,]eius  Apol.  e  Oen,  ; 

*  Non  peccat  venialiter  qui  mulierem  ducit  ob  pulcbritudinem. 


400  Loce-Melancholtf.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

aijd  noiiavonture  •  in.  4.  sent,  flenies  that  he  so  much  (is  vrni- 
fil/if  s'l/is,  that  marries  a  maid  for  romrliHPSs  oj' person.  The 
Jews,  Deut.  21.  11.  if  they  saw  ainon.o-st  the  captives  a  beau- 
tifiill  woman,  (some small  circumstances  observed,)  might  take 
her  to  M  ife.  They  should  not  bo  too  severe  in  that  kinde, 
especially  if  there  be  no  such  urgent  occasion  or  g-rievous  im- 
])ediment.  'Tis  good  for  a  commonwealth.  "Plato  holds, 
that  in  their  contracts  yonr/  men  should  never  avoid  the  affinitrf 
vj' poor  folks,  or  seek  after  rich.  Poverty  and  base  parentage 
may  be  sufficiently  recompenced  by  many  other  good  quali- 
ties, modesty,  vertue,  religion  and  choyce  bringing-  up.  '■/ 
am  poor,  I  confess  ;  hut  am  I  therefore  contemptible,  and  an. 
object  ?  Love  it  self  is  naked,  the  Graces,  the  Stars ;  and 
Hercules  was  clad  in  a  lions  skin.  Give  soaietliing  to  vertue, 
love,  wisdomc,  favour,  beauty,  person;  be  not  all  for  mony. 
Besides  you  must  consider  that  Amor  cofji  non  potest,  love 
cannot  be  compelled,  they  must  aiiect  as  they  may.  '^  Fatum 
est  in  partihus  Hits  qnas  sinus  abscondit,  as  the  saying"  is,  mar- 
riag-e  and  hanging-  goes  by  destiny,  matches  are  made  in 
heaven. 

It  lies  not  in  our  power  to  love  or  hate, 
For  will  in  us  is  ovcr-rul'cl  by  fate. 

A  servant  maid  in  '^  Arista^netus  loved  her  mistress  minion, 
which  when  her  dame  perceived,y?«'/o.s«  rt^wiJ/Zr/i^jowc,  in  a  jea- 
lous humour  she  dragged  her  about  the  house  by  tlie  hair  of 
the  head,  and  vexed  her  sore.  The  wench  cryed,  O  "^  mistress, 
fortune  hath  made  my  body  your  servant^  but  not  my  soule  ! 
Affections  are  free,  not  to  be  commanded.  Moreover,  it  may 
be  to  restrain  their  ambition,  pride  and  covetousness,  to  cor- 
rect those  hereditary  diseases  of  a  family,  God  in  his  just 
judgement  assig-ns  and  permits  such  matches  to  be  made.  For 
1  am  of  Plato  and  'Bodines  mind,  that  families  have  their 
bounds  and  periods  as  well  as  kingdomes,  beyond  which,  for 
extent  or  continuance  they  shall  not  exceed,  six  or  seven  hun- 
dred yeers,  as  they  there  illustrate  by  a  multitude  of  examples, 
and  which  Peucerand  ^Melancthon  approve:  but  in  a  perpe- 
tuall  tenor  (as  M'esee  by  many  pcdegrees  of  knights,  gentlemen, 
yeomen)  continue  as  they  began,  for  many  descents  with  little 
alteration.  Howsoever,  let  them  1  say,  give  something-  to 
youth,  to  love.      They  must  not  think  they  can  fancy  whom 


»Lib.  6.  de  leg.     Ex  usu  reipnblicw  est,  ut  in  nuptiis  juveiies  neque  paiiperum  aflS- 
nitatetn  fugiant,  neque  cliviliiiii  sectentur.  ';  I'liilost.  ep.  Qiinuiaiii  pauper 

sum,  idcirco  conteinptior  et  aojectior  tibi  \idear?  Ainor  i|)se  nudusest,  (Jratia;,  et  As- 
tra ;  Hercules  pelle  leoiiina  indufus.  '  Juvenal.  ■!  Lib.  'i.  ep.  7 
e.Ejulans  inquit,  non  mentem  una  addixit  niihi  foituna  sir\itute.  'De  repub. 
c.  de  period,  rerunipub.                t;  Com.  in  car.  Chron, 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]       Cure  of  Love- Melanclwly.  401 

they  appoint;  ^Amor  enim  non  imperatur,  affectns  liber  si  quis 
alias  et  vices  exigens^  this  is  a  free  passion,  as  Pliny  said  in  a 
paneg-yrick  of  his,  and  may  not  be  forced.  Love  craves 
liking-,  as  the  saying  is;  it  requires  nuitiiall  affection^,  a  corre- 
spondency :  invito  non  datur  nee  attj'ertur,  it  laiy  not  be 
learned,  Ovid  himself  cannot  teach  us  how  to  love,  Solomon 
describe,  A  pelles  paint,  or  Helena  expresse  it.  They  must  not 
therefore  compell  or  intrude ;  ^  qtiis  enim  (as  Fabius  urgeth) 
amare  alieno  animo  potest  ?  but  consider  withall  the  miseries 
of  enforced  marriages  ;  take  pitty  upon  youth  ;  and  such, 
above  the  rest,  as  have  daughters  to  bestowe,  should  be  very 
car^fuU  and  provident  to  marry  them  in  due  time.  Siracides 
cap.  7.  vers.  '25.  calls  it  a  weighty  matter  to  perform,  so  to 
marry  a  daughter  to  a  man  of  understanding  in  due  time  : 
Virgines  enim  tempestive  locandce,  as  ^  Lemnius  admonisheth, 
lib.  1.  cap*  6.  Virgins  must  be  provided  for  in  season,  to 
prevent  many  diseases,  of  which  '^  Rodericus  a  Castro  de  morbis 
mulierum  lib.  2.  cap.  3.  and  Lod.  Mercatus  lib.  2.  de  mulier. 
affect,  cap,  4.  de  melanch.  virginum  et  viduarum,  have  both 
larg-ely  discoursed.  And  therefore  as  well  to  avoid  those  ferall 
maladies,  'tis  good  to  get  them  husbands  betimes,  as  to  prevent 
some  other  grosse  inconveniences,  and,  for  a  thing  that  I 
know  besides ;  ubi  nuptiarum  tempus  et  (etas  advenerit,  as 
Chrysostome  adviseth,  let  them  not  defer  it;  they  perchance 
will  marry  themselves  else,  or  do  worse.  If  Nevisanus  the 
lawyer  do  not  impose,  they  may  do  it  by  right :  for  as  he 
proves  out  of  Curtius  and  some  other  civilians,  Sylvce  nup. 
lib.  2.  nnmer.  30.  *  A  maid  past  25  years  of  age,  against  her 
parents  consent,  may  marry  such  a  one  as  is  unworthy  of,  and 
inferiour  to  her,  and  her  father,  by  latve,  must  be  compelled 
to  give  her  a  competent  dowrie.  Mistake  me  not  in  the  mean 
time,  or  think  that  I  do  apologize  here  for  any  headstrong 
unruly  wanton  flurts.  I  do  approve  that  of  S*.  Ambrose 
{comment,  in  Genesis  24.  51.)  which  he  hath  written  touching 
Rebeccas  spousals.  A  rcoman  should  give  unto  her  parents 
the  choyce  of  her  husband,  ^  lest  she  be  reputed  to  be  a  malapert 
and  wanton,  if  she  take  upon  her  to  make  her  own  choyce  ,* 
\for  she  should  rather  seem  to  be  desired  by  a  man,  tlien  to 
desire  a  man  her  self.  To  those  hard  parents  alone,  I  retort 
that  of  Curtius,  (in  the  behalf  of  modester  maids)  that  are 


a  PHn.  in  paneg.  ''  Declam.  306.  c  Puellis  imprimis  nulla  danda 

occasio  lapsus.  Lemn.  lib.  I.  cap.  54.  de  vit.  instit  d  See  more,  part  1.  s.  3. 

memb.  2.  subs.  4.  «  Filia  excedens  annum  25,  potest  inscio  patre  nubere,  licet 

indignns  sit  maritua,  et  cum  cogere  ad  congrue  dotandum.  '  Ne  appetenti® 

procacioris  reputetur  auctor.  8  Expetita  enim  magis  debet  vjderi  a  viro  qaam 

ipsa  virum  expetisse. 

VOL.  II.  D   D 


402  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  2. 

too  remiss  and  careless  of  their  due  tiraq  and  riper  veers.  For 
if  they  tarry  longer,  to  say  truth,  they  are  past  date,  and  no 
body  will  respect  them.  A  woman  with  us  in  Italy  (saith 
^  Aretines  Lucretia)  24  yeers  of  ag-e,  is  old  already,  past  the 
best,  of  no  account.  An  old  fellow,  as  Lycistrata  confesseth 
in  b  Aristophanes,  etsi  sit  camis^  cito  puellam  virginem  ducat 
uxorem,  and  'tis  no  newes  for  an  old  fellow  to  marry  a  yong 
wench  :  but  as  he  follows  it,  mulieris  brevis  occasio  est,  etsi 
hoc  nonapprehenderit,nemo  vult  ducere  uxorem,  expectans  vera 
sedet ;  who  cares  for  an  old  maid  ?  she  may  set,  &c.  A  virgin, 
as  the  poet  holds,  lascivi  et  petulans  puella  virgo^  is  like  a 
flowre,  a  rose  withered  on  a  sudden. 

*=  Quam  mode  nascentem  rutilus  conspexit  Ecus, 
Hanc  rediens  sero  vespere  vidit  anum. 

She  that  was  erst  a  maid  as  fresh  as  May, 
Is  now  an  old  crone,  time  so  steales  away. 

Let  them  take  time  then,  while  they  may ;  make  advantage 
of  youth,  and  as  he  prescribes, 

''Collige,  virgo,  rosas  dum  flos  nevus  et  nova  pubes, 
Et  memor  esto  eevum  sic  properare  tuum. 
Faire  maids,  go  gather  roses  in  the  prime, 
And  think  that  as  a  flowre,  so  goes  on  time. 

Let's  all  love,  dum  vires  ajinique  sinunt,  whiles  we  are  in  the 
flowre  of  yeers,  fit  for  love  matters,  and  while  time  serves  : 
for 

«  Soles  occidere  et  redire  possunt : 
Nobis,  cum  semel  occidit  brevis  lux, 
Nox_est  perpetuo  una  dormienda. 

f  Suns  that  set  may  rise  again  ; 
But  if  once  we  lose  this  light, 
'Tis  with  us  perpetual  night. 

Volat  irrevocabile  tempus,  time  past  cannot  be  recal'd.  But 
we  need  no  such  exhortation,  we  are  all  commonly  too  forward : 
yet  if  there  be  any  escape,  and  all  be  not  as  it  should,  as 
Diogenes  struck  the  father  when  the  son  swore,  because  he 
taui»lit  him  no  better,  if  a  maid  or  yong  man  miscarry,  I  think 
their  parents  oftentimes,  guardians,  overseers,  governours 
neque  voe  (saith  "  Chrysostome)  a  supplicio  immunes  evadetis, 


»  Malier  apnd  nos  24  annorum,  retula  estet  projectitia.  ''  Comced.  Lycistrat 

And.  Divo.  Interpr.  f^  Ausonius  Edyl.  14.  d  Idem.  <;  Catullus. 

Translated  by  AI.  B,  JohasoD.  s;  Horn.  ').  in  I  Thes.  cap.  4.  1. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  403 

si  non  statim  ad  nuptias,  ^c.  are  in  as  much  fault,  and  as  se- 
verely to  be  punished,  as  their  children,  in  providing  for  them 
no  sooner. 

Now  for  such  as  have  free  liberty  to  bestow  themselves,  I 
could  wish  that  good  counsell  of  the  comicall  old  man  were 
put  in  practice : 

•''  Opulentiores  pauperiorum  ut  filias 
Indotatas  ducant  uxores  domum  : 
Et  multo  fiet  civitas  concordior, 
Et  invidia  nos  minora  utemur,  quam  utimur. 
That  rich  men  would  marry  poor  maidens  some. 
And  that  without  dowrie,  and  so  bring  them  home  : 
So  would  much  concord  be  in  our  city, 
Less  envy  should  we  have,  much  more  pitty. 

If  they  would  care  less  for  wealth,  we  should  have  much  more 
content  and  quietness  in  a  common-wealth.  Beauty,  good 
bringing-up,  me  thinks,  is  sufficient  portion  of  it  self, 

^  Dos  est  sua  forma  puellis, 

and  he  doth  well  that  will  accept  of  such  a  wife.  Eubulides, 
in  *=  Aristaenetus,  married  a  poor  mans  child,  jf«cie  non  illceta- 
bin,  of  a  merry  countenance,  and  heavenly  visage,  in  pitty  of 
her  estate,  and  that  quickly.  Acontius  coming  to  Delos,  to 
sacrifice  to  Diana,  fell  in  love  with  Cydippe,  a  noble  lass ; 
and  wanting  means  to  get  her  love,  flung  a  golden  apple  into 
her  lap,  with  this  inscription  upon  it ; 

Juro  tibi  sane  per  mystica  sacra  Diana;, 
Me  tibi  venturum  comitem,  sponsumque  futurum. 
I  swear  by  all  the  rites  of  Diana, 
I'll  come  and  be  thy  husband,  if  I  may. 

She  considered  of  it,  and  upon  some  small  enquiry  of  his  per- 
son and  estate,  was  married  unto  him. 

Blessed  is  the  wooing, 
That  is  not  long  a  doing, 

As  the  saying  is;  when  the  parties  are  sufficiently  known  to 
each  other,  what  needs  such  scrupulosity,  so  many  circum- 
stances ?  dost  thou  know  her  condition,  her  bringing  up,  like 
her  person  ?  let  her  meanes  be  what  they  will,  take  her  without 
any  more  ado.  ^  Dido  and  ^Eneas  were  accidentally  driven 
by  a  storm  both  into  one  cave,  they  made  a  match  upon  it; 


a  Plautus.  ^  Ovid.  c  Epist.  12. 1.  2.  Eligit  conjugem  panpereni;  indota- 

tam  et  subito  deamavit,  ex  commiseratione  ejus  inopise.  "^  Virg.  ^n. 

DD  2 


404  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Masiiiissa  was  married  to  that  faire  captive  Soplionisba,  king 
Scyphax  ^vife,  the  same  day  that  he  saw  her  first,  to  prevent 
Scipio  and  Lffilius,  least  they  should   determine  otherwise  of 
her.     If  thou  lovest  the  party,  doe  as  much:  good  education 
and  beauty  is  a  competent  dowrie,  stand  not  upon  mony.    Erant 
ol'iin  aurei  homhies  (saith  Theocritus)  et  arlamantes  redamahant., 
in  the  golden  world  men  did  so,  (in  the  reign  of  ^  Ogyges, 
belike,  before  staggering  Ninus  began  to  domineere)  if  all  be 
true  that  is  reported  :  and  some  few  now  a  dayes  will  do  as 
much,  here  and  'here  one;  'tis  well   done  me  thinkes,  and 
all  Iiapj)iness  befall   them   for  so  doing.      *>  Leontius,  a  phi- 
losopher of  Athens,   had  a  faire  daugliter  called  Athenais, 
mnlto  corporis  lepore  ac  Venere  {saith  mine  authour)  of  a 
comely  carriage,  he  gave  her  no  portion  but  her  bringing  up, 
occnlto  forma  procsagio,  out  of  some  secret  fore-knowledge 
of  her  fortune,  bestowing  that  little  which  he  had  amongst 
his  other  children.     But  she  thus  qualified  was  preferred  by 
some  friends  to    Constantinople  to  serve  Pulcheria,  the  em- 
perours  sister,  of  whom  she  was  baptized  and  called  Eudocia. 
Theodosius  the  emperour  in  short  space  took  notice  of  her 
excellent  beauty  and  good  parts,  and  a  little  after  upon  his 
sisters  sole  commendation  made  her  his  wife  :   'Twas  nobly 
done  of  Theodosius.      "^  Rodolphe  w  as  the  fairest  lady  in  her 
dayes  in  all  ii^lgypt ;  she  Aveut  to  wash  her,  and  by  chance  (her 
maids  mean  while  looking  but  carelessly  to  her  cloathes)  an 
eagle  stole  away  one  of  her  shooes,  and  laid  it  in  Psammeticiis, 
the  king  of  .^Egypts  lap,  at  Memphis  :  he  wondred  at  the 
excellency  of  the  shooe   and  pretty  foot,  but  more  aquilas 
factum^  at  the   manner  of  the  bringing  of  it ;    and  caused 
forthwith  proclamation  to  be  made,  that  she  that  owned  that 
shooe,  should  come  presently  to  his  court ;  the  virgin  came, 
and  was  forthwith  manied  to  the  king-.     I  say  this  was  heroi- 
cally done,  and  like  a  prince  ;  I  commend  him  for  it,  and  all 
such  as  have  mennes,  that  will  either  doe  (as  he  did)  them- 
selves, or  so  for  love,  &c.  marry  their  children.      If  he  be 
rich,  let  him  take  such  a  one  as  wants,  if  she  be  vertuously 
given ;  for  as  Siracides  cap.  7.  ver.  19.  adviseth,  Foregoe  not 
a  wise  and  good  woman  ;J'or  her  grace  is  above  gold.     If  she 
have  fortunes  of  her  own,  let  her  make  a  man.     Danaus  of 
Laccdffimon  had  a  many  daughters  to  bestow,  and  meanes 


a  Fabius  pictor.     Amor  ipse  conjunxit  populos.  Sec.  *>  Lipsius  polit  Sebast. 

Mayer.  Select  sect.  1.  rap.  T3.  '  Mayems  select,  sect.  1.  c.  14.  et  yElian. 

1.  13.  c.  33.     Cum  famuli^  lavantis  vestes  inciiriosiiis  costodirent,  &c.  tnandavit  per 
uiuversam  jKg^'jitnm  ut  fnemina  qnsereretiir,  ciijus  is  calceus  esset ; 
ventam  in  matriiuoniam  accepit. 


Meiu.  6.  Subs.  5.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  405 

enough  for  them  all ;  he  never  stood  inquiring  after  great 
matches,  as  others  used  to  do,  but  *  sent  for  a  company  of 
brave  yong  gallants  home  to  his  house,  and  bid  his  daughters 
choose  everyone  one,  whom  she  liked  best,  and  take  him  for 
her  husband,  without  any  more  ado.  This  act  of  his  was 
much  approved  in  those  times.  Aye,  but  in  this  iron  age  of 
ours,  we  respect  riches  alone,  (for  a  maid  must  buy  her 
husband  now,  with  a  great  dowrie  if  she  will  have  him :) 
covetousness  and  tilthy  lucre  marres  all  good  matches,  or  some 
such  by-respects.  Crales,  a  Servian  prince,  (as  Nicephorus 
Gregoras  Rom.  Hist.  lib.  6.  relates  it,)  was  an  earnest  suiter 
to  Eudocia  the  emperours  sister  ;  though  her  brother  much 
desired  it,  yet  she  could  not ''abide  him;  for  he  had  three 
former  wives,  all  basely  abused.  But  the  emperour  still, 
Oralis  amiciiiam  magni  faciens,  because  he  was  a  great  prince 
and  a  troublesome  neighbour,  much  desired  his  affinity,  and 
to  that  end  betrothed  his  own  daughter  Simonida  to  him,  a 
little  girl  five  yeers  of  age  (he  being  forty  five,)  and  five 
*^yeers  elder  then  the  emperour  himself.  Such  disproportion-  - 
able  and  unlikely  matches,  can  wealth  and  a  fair  fortune  make. 
And  yet  noi  that  alone,  it  is  not  only  mouy,  but  sometime 
vainglory,  pride,  ambition,  do  as  much  harm  as  wretched 
covetousness  it  self,  in  another  extream.  If  a  yeoman  have 
one  sole  daughter,  he  must  over-match  her,  above  her  birth 
and  calling-,  to  a  gentleman,  forsooth,  because  of  her  great 
portion,  too  good  for  one  of  her  own  rank,  as  he  supposeth. 
A  gentlemans  daughter  and  heir  must  be  married  to  a  knight 
barronets  eldest  son  at  least;  and  a  knights  only  daughter  to  a 
baron  himself,  or  an  earl,  and  so  upwards,  her  great  dowrie 
deserves  it.  And  thus  striving  for  more  honour  to  their 
wealth,  they  undo  their  children,  many  discontents  follow, 
and  oftentimes  they  ruinate  their  families.  '^Paulus  Jovius 
gives  instance,  in  Galeatius  the  second,  that  heroical  duke 
of  Millan,  externas  affinitates,  decoras  quidem  regiojastu, 
sed  sibi  et  postcris  damnosas  et  Jere  exitiales  quoBsivit ;  he 
married  his  eldest  son  John  Galeatius  to  Isabella  the  king  of 
France  his  sister ;  but  she  was  socero  tarn,  gravis,  nt  ducentis 
millibus  aiireorum  co7istit€rit,hev  entertainment  at  Millan  was 
so  costly  that  it  almost  undid  him.  His  daughter  Violanta 
was  married  to  Lionel  duke  of  Clarence,  the  youngest  son  to 
Edward  the  third  king-  of  England  :  but,  ad  ejus  adveiitum, 
tantos  opes  tarn  admirabili  liberalitate  proj'usce  sunt,  ut  opU' 


"Pausanias  lib.  3.  de  Laconicis.  Dimisit  qui  nnntiarunt,  &c.  optionem  puellis  dedit, 

ut  earuin  quajlibet  euin  sibi  viruin  deligeret,  cujus  maxiine  esset  forma  coraplacita. 

b  Illius  coiijugiuin  abomiuabatur.  t  Socero  quinque  circiter  auuos  natii  major. 
<<  Vit.  Galeat.  secuudi. 


406  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

letitisslmorum  regum  splemlorem  svperdssc  viderehir,  he  was 
wclcouiod  with  such  incredible  raag-nificence,  that  a  king^s 
purse  was  scarse  al)Ie  to  bear  it;  for  besides  many  rich  presents 
of  horses,  arms,  phite,  mony,  jewels,  &c.  he  made  one  dinner 
for  him  and  his  company,  in  which  were  thirty  two  messes  and 
as  much  provision  left,  nt  rehilccamensu  dopes  decern  millihiis 
hominum  svfficerent,  as  would  serve  ten  tliousand  men.  But 
a  little  after,  Lionel  died,  vovcc  nnptcc  et  iutempeM'wh  con- 
viviis  operant  dans,  ^-c.  and  to  the  Dukes  great  loss,  the  so- 
lemnity was  ended.  So  can  titles,  honours,  ambition,  make 
many  brave,  but  infortunate  matches,  of  all  sides  for  by-re- 
spects, (though  both  erased  in  body  and  minde,  mostunwilling, 
averse,  and  often  unfit,)  so  love  is  banished,  and  we  feel  the 
smart  of  it  in  the  end.  But  I  am  too  lavish  peradventure  in 
this  subject. 

Another  let  or  binderance  is  strict  and  severe  discipline, 

lawes  and  rigorous  customes  that  forbid  men  to  marry  at  set 

times,  and  in  some  places;  as  prentises,  servants,  coUegiats, 

states  of  lives  in  coppy  holds,  or  in  some  base  inferior  offices. 

a  Velle  licet  in  such  cases,  potiri  non  licet,  as  he  said.     They 

see  but  as  prisoners  through  a  grate,  they  covet  and  catch, 

but,  Tantalus  a  labris,  ^-c.      Their  love  is  lost,  and  vain  it  is 

in  such  an  estate  to  attempt.     ^  Gravissimuni  est  adamare  nee 

potiri,  'tis  a  grievous  thing  to  love  and  not  enjoye.     They  may 

indeed,  I  denye  not,  marry  if  they  will,  and  have  free  choyce 

some  of  them;  but  in  the  mean  time,  their  case  is  desperate, 

lupum  anrihns  tenent,  they  hold  a  wolfe  by  the  ears,  they 

must  either  burn  or  starve.     'Tis  cornntnm  sophisma,  hard 

to  resolve.      If  they  marry,  thf  y  forfeit  their  estates,  they  are 

undone,  and  starve  themselves  through  beggary  and  want  : 

if  they  do  not  marry,  in  this  heroical  passion,  they  furiously 

rage,  are  tormented,  and  torn  in  pieces  by  their  predominate 

aftections.     Every  man  hath  not  the  gift  of  continence,  let  him 

•'pray  for  it  then,  as  Beza  adviseth,  in  his  tract  de  Divortiis, 

because  God  hath  so  called  him  to  a  single  life,  in  taking  away 

the  means  of  marriage.     "  Paul  would  have  gone  from  Mysia 

to  Bythinia,  but  the  spirit  sutJered  him  not;  and  thou  wouUlest, 

peradventure,  be  a  married   man  with  all  thy  will,  l)utthat 

protecting  angels  hold  it  not  fit.     The  divel  too  sometimes  may 

divert  by  his  ill  suggestions,  and  marre  many  good  matches; 

as  the  same  ''  Paul  was  willing  to  sec  the  Romans,  but  hindred 

of  Satan,  he  could  not.     There  be  those,  that  ihink  they  are 


aApnIeins  in  Catel.     Nobis  ciipido  velle  da(,  |)osse  abnegat.  *"  Anacreon  56. 

«  Continpntiae  donum  ex  fide   postiilet,  quia  certiitn   sit  euin  vocari  ad  coehbatuui  cui 
dcais,  &c.  <i  Act  16.  7.  « Rom.  1.13. 


Mem.  6,  Subs.  5.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  40/ 

necessitated  by  fate;  their  stars  have  so  decreed;  and  therefore, 
they  grumble  at  their  hard  fortune,  they  are  well  inclined  to 
marry,  but  one  rub  or  other  is  ever  in  the  way.  I  know  what 
astrologers  say  in  this  belialfe,  what  Ptolomy  quadripartit. 
Tract.  4.  cap.  4.  Skoner  lib.  I.  cap.  12.  what  Leovitius  geni- 
tur.  exempl.  1.  which  Sextus  ab  Heminga  takes  to  be  the  ho- 
roscope of  Hieronymus  Wolfius;  what  Pezulius,  Origanaus, 
and  Leovitius  his  illustrator  Garceus  cap.  12.  what  Junctine, 
Protanus,  Campanella;  what  the  rest  (to  omit  those  Arabian 
conjectures  a  parfe  conjugii,  a  parte  lasciviw^  triplicitates 
Veneris,  ^'C.  and  those  resolutions  upon  a  question,  an  arnica 
potiatitr,  Sf-c.  determine  in  this  behalfe,  viz.  an  sit  natus 
conjngem  hahitnrus  ;  facile  an  difficidter  sit  sjjonsam  impe- 
traturus ;  quot  conjuges,  quo  tempore,  qnales  decernantur 
nato  nxores,  de  mutuo  amore  conjugum  both  in  mens  and 
womens  genitures,  by  the  examination  of  the  seventh  house 
the  Almutens,  lords  and  planets  there,  a  ^^  et  Q^  Sfc.  by 
particular  aphorlsmes,  Si  dominus  7™®  in  7""*  vel  secunda 
nobilem  decernit  uxorem  ;  servant  ant  ignobilem  si  duodeci' 
md.  Si  Venus  in  12'"^  ^c.  with  many  such,  too  tedious  to 
relate.  Yet  let  no  man  be  troubled,  or  find  himself  grieved 
with  such  praedictions,  as  Hier.  Wolfius  well  saith,  in  his  as- 
trologicall  ^  dialogue,  non  sunt  praztoriana  decreta,  they  be 
but  conjectures;  the  stars  incline,  but  not  enforce, 

Sidera  corporibus  praesunt  coelestia  nostris, 

Sunt  ea  de  vili  condita  namque  luto : 
Cogere  sed  nequeunt  animum  ratione  fmentem, 

Quippe  sub  iraperio  solius  ipse  Dei  est. 

Wisdome,  diligence,  discretion,  may  mitigate,  ifnot  quite  alter, 
such  decrees  :  Fortuna  sua  a  cuj usque fngitur  moribns  ;  ^Qui 
cauti,  prudentes,  voti  compotes,  ^-c.  let  no  man  then  be  terri- 
fied or  molested  with  such  astrological  aphorismes;  or  bemuch 
moved,  either  to  vain  hope  or  fear,  from  such  predictions,  but 
let  every  man  follow  his  own  free  will  in  this  case,  and  do  as 
he  sees  cause.  Better  it  is  indeed  to  marry  then  burn,  for 
their  souls  health  ;  but  for  their  present  fortunes,  by  some 
other  means  to  pacifie  themselves,  and  divert  the  stream  of  this 
fiery  torrent,  to  continue  as  they  are,  •=  rest  satisfied  ;  luqentes 
virginitatis  florem  sic  arnisse;  deploring  their  misery  with  that 
eunuch  in  Libanius,  since  there  is  no  help  or  remedy ;  and 
with  Jephthas  daughter  to  bewail  their  virginities. 

Of  like  nature  is  superstition  ;  those  rash  vows  of  monkes 


»  Prsefix.  gen.  Leovitii.  ^  Idem  Wolfius  dial.  <^  That  is,  make  the  best  of 

it,  and  take  his  lot  as  it  falls. 


408  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

and  friers  and  sucli  as  live  in  religious  orders,  but  far  more 
tyrannical  and  much  worse.  Nature,  youth,  and  his  furious 
passion  forcibly  inclines,  and  raoeth  on  the  one  side  :  but  their 
order  and  vow  checks  them  on  the  other. 

*  Votoque  suo  sua  forma  repugnat. 

What  merits  and  indulgences  they  heap  unto  themselves  by  it' 
what  commodities,  I  know  not;  but  I  am  sure,  from  such  rash 
vowes,  and  inhumane  manner  of  life,  proceed  many  inconve- 
niences, many  diseases,  many  vices,  mastupration,  satyriasis, 
''  pri^pismus,  melancholy,  madness,  fornication,  adultery,  bug- 
frery,  sodomy,  theft,  murther,  and  all  manner  of  mischiefes. 
Read  but  Bales  Catalogue  of  Sodomites,  at  the  visitation  of 
abbies  here  in  England  ;  Henry  Stephen  his  apol.  for  Hero- 
dotus ;  that  which  Ulricus  writes  in  one  of  his  epistles,  "that 
Pope  Grer/ani,  %chen  he  saw  6000  shnls  and  hones  ofhifaiits 
taken  out  of  a  fishpond  near  a  nunnery^  thereupon  retracted 
that  decree  of  priests  marriages,  tchich  was  the  cause  of  such 
a  slaughter  ;  was  j}iuch  grieved  at  it,  and  purged  himself  by  re- 
pentance.    Read  many  such,  and  then  ask  what  is  to  be  done; 
is  this  vow  to  be  broke  or  not?    No,  saith  Bellarmine,  ca;).  38. 
lib.  de  monach.     Melius  est  scortari  et  tiri  fpiam  de  voto  casli- 
hatiis  ad  nuptias  transire,   better  burne  or  fly  out,  then  to 
break  thy  vow.     And  Coster  in  his  Enchirid.  de  coclihat.  sa- 
cerdotum,  saith,  it  is  absolutely  gravius  peccatum,  ^  a  greater 
sin  for  a  priest  to  marry,  then  to  keep  a  concubine  at  home. 
Gregory  de  Valence,  cap.  6.  de  ccelibat.  maintains  the  same, 
as  those  Essei  and  3Jontanists  of  old.     Insomuch  that  many 
votaries,  out  of  a  false  perswasion  of  merit  and  holiness  in  this 
kinde,  will  sooner  dye  then  marry,  though  it  be  to  the  saving 
of  their  lives.     ^Anno  1419.   Pius  2.  pope,  James  Rossa,  ne- 
phew to  the  king  of  Portugal,  and  then  elect  archbishop  of 
Lisbone,  being  very  sick  at  Florence,  ^  ichen  his  physieians 
told  him,  that  his  disease  was  such,  he  must  either  lye  with  a 
wench,  marry,  or  dye,  cheerfully  chocse  to  dye.     Now  they 
commended  him  for' it :  But  S*.  Paul  teacheth  otherwise.  Bet- 
ter marry  then  burne ;  and  as  S'.  Hierome  gravely  delivers  it, 
.^li(C  sunt  leges  Casarum,  alioj  Christi ;  aliud  Fapinunms, 


»  Ovid.  I.  met.  b  Mercnrialis  de  Priapismo.  c  JMeniorabile  qnod 

Ulricns  epistola  refert,  Greijorinm,  qmini  ex  piscina  (jiiadam.  allata  plus  <|uain  sex 
mille  iDfani.mi  capita  vidisset,  in^emuisse,  et  decrpliiin  de  ccelibatu,  tantani  ca'dis 
cansam  confessns  condiinin  iliiid  poenitrntise  frnctn  pnrt:;"issp.  Keninisins  ex  concil. 
Trident,  part.  3.  de  coelibatu  sacerdotum.  <^  Si  iiiihat,  quain  si  donii  coucii- 

binam  alat.  «  Alphonsus  Cicaonius  lib.  de  Rest,  pontifir iim.  '  Ciim  me- 

dici  snaderent  nt  aut  nuberet,  aut  cojtu  uteretur,  sic  mortem  vitari  josse,  mortem  potius 
intfepidas  expectavit.  Sec. 


Mem.  C.  Subs.  5.]     Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  4-09 

aliud  Pavlus  noster  prcecipit,  there's  a  difference  betwixt 
Gods  ordinances,  and  mens  lawes  :  and  therefore,  Cyprian 
Epist.  8.  boldiv  denounceth,  impium  est,  adulfrrum  est,  sa- 
crilegnm  est,  qnodcnnque  hnmano  furore  statuitnr,  nt  d'lspo- 
sitio  difina  violetur,  it  is  abominable,  impious,  adulterous,  and 
sacrilegious,  m  hat  men  make  and  ordaine  after  their  own  fu- 
ries, to  cross  Gods  lawes.  ^  Georgius  ^^  icelius  one  of  their 
own  arch  difines  (hispect.  eccles.  par/.  18.)  exclaimes  against 
it,  and  all  such  rash  monasticall  vowcs  ;  and  would  have  such 
persons  seriously  to  consider  what  they  doe,  whom  they  ad- 
mit, 7ie  in  post'erum  querantur  de  inanibus  stupris,  lest  they 
repent  it  at  last.  For  either,  as  he  follows  it,^  you  must  allow 
them  concubines,  or  sutfer  them  to  marry ;  for  scarce  shall  you 
tinde  three  priests  of  three  thousand,  qui  per  cctatem  non 
ame//^  that  are  not  troubled  with  burning  lust.  Wherefore  I 
conclude,  it  is  an  unnatural  and  impious  thing,  to  bar  men  of 
this  Christian  liberty,  too  severe  and  inhumane  an  edict. 

""  Vgt  gdlp  inrt-n,  tjc  titmouse  algo, 
C^c  \itt\t  rrBtirraet  fjabr  tjjrir  ricctioit, 
Z\)tv  flip  E  6ah)  antJ  torfctijf r  gone, 
^Klfjcrra^  Ijtm  list,  about  rnbtron, 
9^  t&rp  of  fiinUc  Jjatc  indiu.^tt'oiT, 
^ntr  a^  nature  tm.prci5  antf  guitfr, 
0i  cbrtrp  tfjing  li^t  to  proiiiUc. 

33ut  man  alcnr ,  alas  tlit  ijauti  stonir, 
;{?uU  rrucllii  bn  fctntfg  orbtnanrr 
(Con&trair.fb  is,  anb  bp  statuifiSiiaunb, 
Sub  bebarrrb  from  alUutlj  plfs&intE: 
5I5I)at  mranett)  t^ii,  to&at  i5  t|)i5  prctcnre 
0i  lalotS,  i  bii^,  against  all  rtgbt  cf  hinbf , 
SSHit^Qut  a  fau^f,  *o  narrobj  men  to  \y.\\^t. 

Many  lay-men  repine  still  at  priests  marriages  above  the  rest, 
and  not'at  cleargy  men  onely,  but  all  of  the  meaner  sort  and 
condition;  they  would  have  none  marry,  but  such  as  are  rich 
andabletomaintain  wives, because  their  parish, belike, shall  be 
pestered  with  orphanes.  and  the  world  full  of  beggers  :  but 
"^  these  are  hard-liearted,  unnatural,  mone^ters  of  men.  shallow 
polititians,  they  do  not  H^onsider  that  a  great  part  of  the  world 
is  not  vet  inhabited  as  it  ought.  Hon-  many  colonies  into  Ame- 
rica, Terra  Australis  incognita,  Africa,  may  be  sent  ?  Let 
them  consult  with  S^  William  Alexanders  book  of  colonies, 


»  Episf.  30.  l- Vide  vHam c-jus  edit.  1623.  by  D.  T.  -James.  <■  Lid- 

g-ate  in  Chaacers  flower  of  curtesie.  "  Tis  not  iiiHltitnde  bnt  idlenesse 

v.hich  causeth  begioy.  «  Or  to  set  tueui  awork,  and  bring  them  up  in  some 

honest  trades. 


410  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

Orpheus  Juniors  Golden  Fleece,  Captain  Whitburne,  Mr. 
H!ij>(lior|),  &c.  and  they  shall  surely  be  otherwise  informed. 
Those  polili(|ue  Romans  were  of  another  minde;  they  thouoht 
their  city  and  country  could  never  betoo  populous.  "Adrian 
the  cmperour  said  he  had  ratiier  liave  men  then  mony,  vmlle 
se  homhium  adjectione  ampliare  imperium,qnampecunid  ;  Au- 
gustus  Ca'sar  made  an  oration  in  Rome  adc(rlibes,to  perswade 
them  to  marry.  Some  countries  compelled  them  to  marry  of 
old,  as  "^  Jewes,  Turkes,  Indians,  Chinese,  among-st  the  rest  in 
these  dayes,  who  much  Monder  at  our  discipline  to  suffer  so 
many  idle  persons  to  live  inmonestaries,  and  often  marvel  how 
they  can  live  honest.  ^  In  the  isle  of  Maragnan,  the  gover- 
nour  and  petty  king  there,  did  wonder  at  the  Frenchmen,  and 
admire  how  so  many  friere,  and  the  rest  of  their  company,  could 
live  without  wives;  they  thought  it  a  thing  unpossible,  and 
would  not  believe  it.  If  these  men  should  but  survey  our 
multitudes  of  religious  houses,  observe  our  numbers  of  mo- 
nasteries all  over  Europe ;  18  nunneries  in  Padua  ;  in  Venice 
31  cloisters  of  monkes,  28  of  nunnes,  &c.  ex  wigue  leonem,  'tis 


to  this  proportion,  in  all  other  provinces  and  cities,  what! 
would  they  think,  do  they  live  honest  ?  Let  them  dissemble 
as  they  will,  I  am  of  Tertullians  minde,  that  few  can  continue 


but  by  compulsion.  ^  O  chastity  (saith  he)  thou  art  a  rare 
goddess  in  the  worlds  not  so  easily  yot,  seldom  continuate :  Thou 
maist  now  and  tJien  be  compeld  either  for  defect  of  nature^  or 
if  discipline  perswade,  decrees  enforce  ;  or  for  some  such  by- 
respects,  suUennesse,  discontent,  they  have  lost  their  first  love, 
may  not  have  whom  they  will  themselves,  want  of  meanes, 
rash  vowes,  &c.  But  can  he  >villingly  containe  !  Ithinkenot. 
Therefore,  either  out  of  commiseration  of  humane  imbecility, 
in  policy,  or  toprevent  afar  worse  inconvenience,for  they  hold 
it,  some  of  them,  as  necessary  as  meat  and  drink:  and  because 
vigour  of  youth,  the  state  and  temper  of  most  mens  bodies  do 
so  furiously  desire  it,  they  have  heretofore,  in  some  nations, 
liberally  admitted  polygamy  and  stewes,  an  hundred  thousand 
curtizans  in  grand  Cairo  in  /Egypt,  as  '^Radzivilus  observes, 
are  tolerated,  besides  boyes  :  how  many  at  Fessa,  Rome, 
Naples,  Florence,  Venice,  &c.  and  still,  in  many  other  pro- 
vinces and  cities  of  Europe,  they  do  as  much,  because  they  think 
yong  men,  churchmen,   and  servants  amongst  the  rest,  can 


a  Dion.  Cassiiis  lib.  56.  hSardus.     Bnitorfiiis.  "^  Claude  Alba^ille  m 

his  hist,  of  the  Frenrhmen  to  the  Isle  of  Marajjnan,  an.  1614.  •i  R;ira  qiiidem 

Dea  tu  es,  O  Castitjis,  in  his  terris  !  ner  facile  pcrfecta,  rariiis  pprpotiia,  cogi  nontiun- 
quam  potest,  ob  naturjc  (leffctiuii,  vtl  si  discipliua  pcrvaserit,  ceusura  coiupresserit. 
ePeregriu.  Hierosol. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]       Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  411 

hardly  live  honest.     The  consideration  of  this,  belike,  made 
Vibius  the  Spaniard,  when  his  friend  ^'Crassus,  that  rich  Roman 
gallant,  lay  hid  in  the  cave,  vt  voluptatis  quam  (etas  illadesi- 
derat  copiam  Jaceret,   to    gratify  him  the  more,    send  two 
''lusty  lasses  to  accompany  him,  all  that  while  he  was  there  im- 
prisoned ;  and  Surenus,  theParthian  oeueral,  when  he  warred 
ag-ainst  the  Romans,  to  carry  about  with  him  200  concubines, 
as  the  Swissesouldiers  do  now  (commonly)  their  wives.    But 
because  this  course  is  not  generally  approved,  but  rather  con- 
tradicted as  unlawful  audabhorred,  '^inmost  countries  they  doe 
much  encourage  them  to  marriage  ;  give  great  rewards  to  such 
as  have  many  children,  and  mulct  those  that  will  not  marry; 
Jus  trium  liberorum  ;  and  in  Angellius, /f^.  2.  cap.  15.  /Elian. 
lib.  G.  cap.  5.  Valerius,  lib.   1.  cap.  9.  ^we  read,   that  three 
children  freed  the   father  from  painful  offices ;  and  five  from 
all  contribution.     ./?  icojiian  shall  be  saved  by  hearing  children. 
Epictetus  Avould  have  all  marry,  and  as  *=  Plato  will,  6  delegi- 
bus,  he  that  marrieth  not  before  35  yeers  ofage,  mustbe  com- 
pelled and  punished,  and  the  mony  consecrated  to  Junos 
temple,  or  applied  to  publique  uses.     They  account  him,  in 
some  countries,  unfortunate  that  dies  without  a  wife,  a  most 
unhappy  man,  as   *Boetius  inferres  ;  and  if  at  all  happy,  yet 
irifortunio  felix,  unhappy  in  his  supposed  happiness.     §They 
commonly  deplore  his  estate,  and  much  lament  him  for  it:  O 
my  sweet  son,  &c.     See  Luclan.  de  luctu  ;  Sands  fol.  83,  ^^c. 
Yet  notwithstanding,  many  with  us  are  of  the  opposite  part, 
they  are  married  themselves,  and  for  others  let  them  burne,  fire 
and  flame,  they  care  not,  so  they  be  not  troubled  with  them. 
Some  are  too  curious,  and  some  too  covetous;  they  may  marry 
when  they  will,  both  for  ability  andmeanes  ;  but  so  nice,  that 
except,  as  Theophilus  the  emperourwas  presented  by  his  mo- 
ther Euphrosune  with  all  the  rarest  beauties  of  the  empire,  in 
the  great  chamber  of  his  palace,   at  once,  and  bid  to  give  a 
golden  apple  to  her  he  liked  best.     If  they  might  so  take  and 
choose  whom  they  list,  out  of  all  the  faire  maids  their  nation 
affords,  they  could  happly  condescend  to  marry :  othervvise,&c. 
why  should  a  man  marry,  saith  another  epicurean  rout,  what's 
matrimony  but  a  matter  of  mony;  why  s!)ould  free  nature  be 
entrenched  on,  confined  or  obliged,  to  this  or  that  man  or  wo- 
man, with  these  manicles  of  body  and  goods  .^  &c.    There  are 
those  too,  that  dearly  love,  admire  and  follow  women  all  their 


aPlutarch.  vita  ejus.  Adolesce ntiae  medio  constitntiis.  •'Ancillas  duas 

egregia  foi-ma  et  aHatis  flore.  «  Alex,  ab  Alex.  1.  4.  c.  8.  <iTres  fliii 

patrem  ab  excubiis,  quimjue  ab  omnibus  oificiis  liberabaut.  *  Pra:cepto 

primo,  cogatur  niibeie  ant   mulctatnr,  et  pecnnia  temple  Junonis  dedicetur,  et  publica 
Ijat.  '  Cousol.  3.  pros.  7.  S  Nic  Kill.  Epic,  philvys. 


412  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

lives  long",  ftpnnsi  Penelopes,  never  well  but  in  their  companies, 
wistly  gaziiii^"  on  their  beauties,  observing-  close,  hanging- after 
them,  dallying  still  with  them,  and  yet  dare  not,  will  not 
marry.  Many  poor  people,  and  of  the  meaner  sort,  are  too 
distrustful  of  Gods  providence  ;  they  wilhiot  marry,  dare  not, 
for  such  vnrldly  respects,  fear  of  want,  woes,  miseries,  or  that 
they  shall  light,  as  "Lemnius  saith,  on  a  scolde,  a  slut,  or  a  bad 
wife.  And  t  herefore,  ^tristemjiiventam  Venere  desert  a  colunt, 
they  are  resolved  to  live  single,  as  '^Epaminondas  did. 

"J  Nil  ait  esse  prius,  melius  nil  coelibe  vita ; 

and  ready  with  Hippolitus,  to  abjure  all  women.  *  Detestor 
omnes,  horreOyJugio,exsecror,Sfc.     But, 

Rippolite,  necis  quod  fugis  vitse  bonum, 
Hippolite,  nescis 

alas,  poor  Hippolitus,  thou  knowest  not  what  thou  saiest;  'tis 
otherwise,  Hippolitus.  '  Some  make  a  doubt,  an  uxor  Uterato 
sit  ducenda,  whether  a  scholler  should  marry ;  if  she  be  faire, 
she  will  bring  him  back  from  his  grammer  to  his  horne-book ; 
or  else,  with  kissing  and  dalliance  she  will  hinder  his  study; 
if  foule,  with  scolding :  he  cannot  well  intend  to  both,  as  Phi- 
lippusBeroaldus,that  great  Bononian  doctor,  once  writ,  impediri 
enim  studia  literarum,  ^-c.  but  he  recanted  at  last,  and  in  a  so- 
lemn sort,  with  true  conceived  words,  he  did  ask  the  world  and 
all  women,  forgiveness.  But  you  shall  have  the  story  as  he  re- 
lates himself,  inhis  Commentaries  on  thesixt  ofApuleius.  For 
a  long  time  I  lived  a  single  life,  et  ah  vxore  ducenda  semper 
abhorrui,nec  qnicquam  liber  lecto  censui  jucundius ;  1  could 
not  abide  marriage;  but  as  a  rambler,  erraticns  ac  volaticiis 
amator  (to  use  his  own  words)  per  mvltiplices  amores  discur- 
rebatn;  1  took  a  snatch  where  I  could  get  it;  nay  more,  I 
railed  at  marriage,  down  right,  and  iji  a  publique  auditory, 
when  I  did  interpret  thatsixt  satyre  of  .lu  venal,  out  of  Plutarch 
and  Seneca,  1  did  heap  up  all  the  dicteries  1  could,  against 
w  omen ;  but  now  recant  w  ith  Stesichorus,  Palinodiam  cano, 
Tiec  poenitet  censeri  in  ordine  maritorum ;  1  approve  of  mar- 
riage, 1  am  glad  I  am  a  ^  married  man,  I  am  heartily  glad  I 
have  a  wile,  so  sweet  a  wife,  so  noble  a  wife,  soyong,  so  chast 
a  wife,  so  loving  a  wife,  and  I  do  wish  and  desire  all   other 


^  Qui  se  capistro  matrimonii  alligari  non  patiHntiir.  Lemn.  1.  4.  1.'^.  de  occult  nat. 
Abhorrent  luulti  a  niatriuionio,  ne  roorosam,  querulara,  acerliani,  amarnni  axorein  per- 
ferre  copantur.  ^  Sfuec.  Hippol.  'Ccilebs  enini  \ixerat,  nee  ad 

iixoriin  (liicf  ntlam  unquam  indiici  potuit.  ''Scnec.  Hippol.  tHor. 

<^. Eneas  Silv ins  de  ciictis  Sigisniinidi.     Heinsins.     Primiero.  gilabeo  luoremex 

aniuii  sciitiDtia,Caaullaiu  Paleolii  juri^couaulli  (iliatn- 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]     Cure  of  Love-Mdanckohj.  413 

men  to  marry;  and  especially  schollers  ;  that  as  of  old,  Martia 
did  by  Hortensius,  Terentia  by  Tullius,  Calphurnia  to  Plinins, 
Pudentilla  to  Apiileius,  ^  hold  the  candle  whilst  their  hus- 
bands did  meditate  and  write,  so  theirs  may  do  to  them,  and 
as  my  dear  Camilla  doth  to  me.  Let  other  men  be  averse  ; 
raile  then  and  scofFe  at,  women,  and  say  what  they  can  to  the 
contrary,  vir  sine  %ixore*malorum  expers  est,  S^c.  a  single  man 
is  a  happy  man,  but  this  is  a  toye. 

b  Nee  dulces  amores  sperne,  puer,  neque  tu  choreas : 
these  men  are  too  distrustful  and  much  to  blame  to  use  such 
speeches ; 

*^  Parcite  paucorum  diffundere  crimen  in  omnes. 

They  must  not  condemne  all  for  some.  As  there  be  some  bad, 
there  be  many  good  wives;  as  some  be  vitious,  some  be  ver- 
tuous  ;  read  what  Solomon  hath  said  in  their  praises,  Prov.  31. 
and  Saracides,  cap.  26.  ^-  V>Q.  Blessed  is  the  man  that  hath  a 
vertuous  wije,jbr  the  number  of  his  dayes  shall  he  double.  A 
vertnous  ivoman  rejoyceth  her  husband^  and  he  shall  fulfil  the 
yeares  of  his  life  in  peace.  A  good  wife  is  a  yood portion  {3G. 
24.)  an  helpe,  a  pillar  of  rest,  columna  quietis. 

«i  Qui  capit  uxorem,  fratrem  capit  atque  sororetn. 

And  25,  He  that  hath  no  wife,  icandereth  to  and  fro,  mourii' 
ing.  Minmintur  atrce  conjuge  cures ;  women  are  the  sole, 
only  joye,  and  comfort  of  a  mans  life  ;  born  ad  usum  et  lusum 
hominum.     Frrmamenta  familicE  ; 

e  Delicise  humani  generis,  solatia  vitse, 
Blanditise  noctis,  placidissima  cura  diei, 
Vota  viriim,  juvenum  spes,  &c. 

^  A  wife  is  a  yong  mans  mistress,  a  middle  ages  companion,  an 
old  mans  nurse :  particeps  Icetorum  et  tristium,  a  prop,  an 
helpe,  &c. 

s  Optima  viri  possessio  est  uxor  benevola, 
Mitigans  iram  et  avertens  animam  ejus  a  tristitia. 
Mans  best  possession  is  a  loving  wife. 
She  tempers  anger  and  diverts  all  strife. 

There  is  no  joye,  no  comfort,  no  sweetness,  no  pleasure  in  the 
world  like  to  that  of  a  good  wife. 

Quam  cum  chara  domi  conjux,  fidusque  maritus 
Unanimes  degunt 

'Legentibas  et  meditantibus,  candelas  et  candelabrum  teniierunt.  ''  Hor. 

cOvid.     <>  Aphranius.  «Loech8eas.  f^Bacoa's  Egsaies.  e  Euripides. 


411  Love-JIeluncholf/.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

saith  our  Lntin  Homer.  She  is  .«5til  the  same  in  sickness  and 
in  health;  his  eye,  his  hind,  his  bosonie  friend,  his  jinrtner  at 
all  times,  his  other  self,  not  to  be  separated  by  any  calamity, 
but  ready  to  share  all  sorrow,  discontent;  and  as  the  Indian 
M'omen  doe,  live  and  dye  with  him,  nay  more,  to  dye  presently 
for  him.  Admetiis,  king  of  Thessaly,  when  he  lay  upon  his 
death  bed,  was  told  by  A  polios  oracle,  r}iat  if  he  coidd  get  any 
body  to  die  for  him,  he  sliould  live  longer  yet;  but,  when  all 
refused,  his  parents,  etsi  decrepit i ,irien(is  and  followers  forsook 
him,  Alceste,  his  wife,  though  yong,  most  willingly  undertook 
it ;  what  more  can  be  desired  or  expected  ?  And  although  on 
the  other  side,  there  be  an  infinite  number  of  bad  husbands  (I 
should  rail  downright  against  some  of  them)  able  to  discourage 
any  woman,  yet  there  be  some  good  ones  again,  and  those  most 
observant  of  marriage  rites.  An  honest  country  fellow  (  as  Ful- 
gosus  relates  it)  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  -'at  plough  by  the 
sea  side,  saw  his  wife  carried  away  by  the  Mauritanian  pirats; 
he  ran  after  in  all  haste,  up  totlie  chin  first,  and  when  he  could 
wade  no  longer,  swam,  calling  to  the  governour  of  the  ship  to 
deliver  his  wife,  or  if  he  must  not  have  her  restored,  to  let 
him  follow  as  a  prisoner;  for  he  was  resolved  to  be  a  gaily 
slave,  his  drudg,willino-  to  endure  any  misery,  so  that  he  might 
but  enjoye  his  dear  wife.  The  Moors  seeing  the  mans  con- 
stancy, and  relating-  the  whole  matter  to  their  governour  at 
Tunis,  set  them  both  free,  and  gave  them  an  honest  pension 
to  maintain  themselves  during  their  lives.  I  could  tell  many 
stories  to  this  effect ;  but  put  case  it  often  prove  otherwise,  be- 
cause marriage  is  troublesome,  wholly  therefore  to  avoid  it,  is 
no  argument ;  ''  He  that  icill  avoid  trouble  must  avoid  the  world 
(Euscbius  prapar.  Evanrj.  .5.  cap.  50.)  Some  trouble  there 
is  in  marriage,  I  deny  not.  Etsi  grave  sit  matrimo7iium,sii\th 
Erasmus,  ednlcatnr  tamen  inultis,  6fC.  yet  there  be  many 
things  •^  to  sweeten  it,  a  pleasant  wife,  placens  uxor  ;  pretty 
children,  c?w/ce5  w«^?  ;  delicice  filiorum  hominum,  the  chiefs 
delight  of  the  sons  of  men.  Ecclus.  26.  &c.  And  though  it 
Mere  all  troubles,  '^ntilitaiis  pnblicce causa  devorandum^ grave 
(jvid  lihenter  subeundum,  it  must  willingly  be  undcrgon  for 
publique  goods  sake. 

eAuclite,  populus,  haec,  inqiiit  Susarion : 
Malae  sunt  inulieres;  veruntamen,  O  populares, 
Hoc  sine  malo,  domum  inhabiture  non  licet. 

*  Cum  jnxta  mare  aifriim  coleret,  oninis  enim  miseriae  immcniorem  coiyugalis  amor, 
eum  fecerat.  Non  sine  ingeuti  adiniratione,  tanfa  hominis  caritate  motus  rex  liberos 
esse  jiissit, Sec.  ^Qui  vult  vitare  niolestias  vHet  miniduni.  <^Tioc  ^«o?, 

Ttit  TifTTyov,  aT£f  %ft^o-»!?  A^p^tT))?  ;  Q.ii.l  vita  est,  qiuuso,  quidve  esse  sine  Cypride 
dalce  ?  Mimner.  '^  Erasmus.  e  E  Slobaeo. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]     Cure  of  Love- Me  lane  holy.  415 

Hear  me,  O  my  countrymen,  saith  Susarion, 
Women  are  naught,  yet  no  life  without  one. 

^  Malum  est  mulier,  sed  necessarium  malum. 

they  are  necessary  evils,  and  for  our  own  ends  we  must  make 
use  of  them  to  have  issue.  '°  Supplet  Venus  ac  restituit  huma- 
num  qenus  ;  and  to  propagate  the  church.  For  to  what  end 
is  a  man  born ;  why  lives  he,  but  to  increase  the  world  ?  and 
how  shall  he  do  that  well,  if  he  do  not  marry  ?  Matrimonmm 
humano  generi  immortalitatem  tribuit,  saith  Nevisanus,  matri- 
mony makes  us  immortal ;  and  according-  to  ^ Tacitus, 'tis/r- 
viissimum  imperii  munijnentum,  the  sole  and  chief  prop  of  an 
empire, 

<i  Indigne  vivit  per  quem  non  vivit  et  alter, 

^  which  Pelopidas  objected  to  Epaminondas,  he  was  an  un- 
worthy member  of  the  common-wealth,  that  left  not  a  chikle 
afterhira  to  defend  it.  And  as  '  Trismegistus  to  his  son  Tatius, 
have  no  commerce  with  a  single  man  :  holding  (belike)  that  a 
batchelor  could  not  live  honestly  as  he  should;  and  with 
Georgius  Wicelius,  a  great  divine  and  holy  man,  who  of  late 
by  twenty-six  arguments  commends  marriage  as  a  thing  most 
necessary  for  all  kiude  of  persons,  most  laudable  and  fit  to  be 
embraced :  and  is  perswaded  withall,  that  no  man  can  live 
and  dye  religiously,  and  as  he  ought,  without  a  wife ;  pers^ia- 
sus  neminem  posse  neque  pie  vivere,  neque  henemori,  citra  nx- 
orem.  He  is  false,  an  enemy  to  the  common- wealth,  injurious 
to  himself,  destructive  to  the  world,  an  apostate  to  nature,  a 
rebell  against  heaven  and  earth.  Let  our  wilful,  obstinate, 
and  stale  bachelors  ruminate  of  this,  fftve  could  live  without 
iclves,  as  Marcellus  Numidicus  said  in  §Agel]ius,  tee  tvonld 
all  want  them;  hut  because  we  cannot,  let  all  marry,  and  con- 
sult rather  to  the  puhlique  good,  then  their  own  private  plew 
sure  or  estate.  It  were  an  happy  thing,  as  wise  ^  Euripides 
hath  it,  if  we  could  buy  children  with  gold  and  silver,  and  be 
so  provided,  si7ie  mnliei'um  congressu,  without  woraens  com- 
pany, but  that  may  not  be. 

iOrbis  jacebit  squalUdo  turpis  situ, 
Vanum  sine  ullis  classibus  stabit  mare, 
Alesque  coelo  deerit,  et  sylvis  fera. 


aMenander.  •> Seneca  Hip.  lib.  3.  num.  1.  cHisLlib.  4.   i""     dPaUn- 

genius.         eBrnson.  lib.  7.  cap.  23.  f Noli  societatem  habere,  &c.  ?Lib.  1. 

cap.  6.     Si.inquit,  Quirites,  sine  usore  esse  possemus,  omnes  careremus :  sed  quoniam 
sic  est,  saluti  potiiis  publicffi  qiiam  voluptati  consulenduDi.  hUeatum  foiet  si 

liberos  auro  et  argento  mercari,  &c.  "Seneca.  Hip.     , 


41G  Lovp-Melancholii.  [Parf.  S.  Sec  2. 

Earth,  avr,  sea,  land  eftRoon  would  come  to  nouo-lif, 
The  world  it  self  should  be  to  ruine  brought. 

noressity  therefore  compels  us  to  marry. 

But  what  do  1  trouble  myself,  fo  tiiide  arg-uments  to  per- 
swade  to,  or  commend  marriage?  behold  a  brief  abstract  of  all 
that  which  I  have  said,  and  much  more,  succinctly,  pithily, 
pathetically,  perspicuously,  and  eleoantly  delivered  in  twelve 
motions  to  mitigate  the  miseries  of  marriage,  by  'Jacobus  de 
A^oragine. 

1  Res  est  ?  hahiSS  qua  tueatur  et  aitgent. 

2  Non  est  ?  hahes  quce  c/mcrat. 

3  Secundce  res  sinit  ?  felicitas  dnplicatur. 

4  Adverser  sw/t  ?  Consolatnr,  adsldet,  onus  porticipat  nt  to- 

lerahile  fiat. 

5  Domi  es  ?  solitudinis  tcedium  pelnt. 

G  Foras  ?  Discedentem  r-'tsn proseqnitnr,  nhsetitem  desiderat, 
redeuntcm  l<eta  eicipit. 

7  Nihil  jucvndum  absque  societ ate ;  nulla societas  mntrimomo 

suavior. 

8  Vinculum  conjuc/alis  caritatis  adamantimim. 

9  Accrescit  dulcis  ajfflnium  turba;  dupUcatnr  7iumerus paren- 

tum,Jratrum,  sororum,  nepotum. 

10  Pulchrd  sis  prole  parens. 

11  Lex  jMosis  sterilitatem  matrimonii  exsecratur,  qnanto  am- 

pUus  civUhatum  ? 

12  Si  nntura pwnam  notieffurfit,  ne  voluntas  quidem  effnqiet. 

1  Hast  thou  meanes?  thou  hast  one  to  keep  and  increase  it. 

2  Hast  none?  thou  hast  one  to  heipe  to  get  it. 

S  Art  in  prosperity  ?  thine  happiness  is  doubled. 

4  Art  in  adversity.^  shee'l  coud'ort,  assist,  bear  a  part  of  thy 

burden  to  make  it  more  tolerable. 

5  Art  at  home?  shee'l  drive  away  melancholy. 

6  Art  abroad  .?  she  lookes  after  thee  going  horn  home,  wishes 

for  thee  in  thine  absence,  and  joyfully  welcomes  thy 
returne. 

7  There's  nothing  delightsome  without  society ;  no  society 

so  sweet  as  matrimony. 

8  The  band  of  conjugal  love  is  adamantine. 

9  The  sweet  company  of  kinsmen  increaseth,  the  number  of 

parents  is  doubled,  of  brothers,  sisters,  nephews. 

10  Thou  art  made  a  A\ther  by  a  faire  and  happy  issue. 

11  Moses  curseth   the  barrenness  of  matrimony,  how  much 

more  a  single  life  ? 


'Gen,  2.  Afijutoriuiu  simile,  &c. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  S.J     Cure  of  Love-Melanclwhj.  417 

12  If  Nature  escape  not  punishment,  surely  thy  wjiV/ shall  not 

avoid  it. 
All  this  is  true,  say  you,  and  who  knowes  it  not?  but  how- 
easy  a  matter  is  it  to  answer  these  motives,  and  to  make  an 
anti  parodia  quite  opposite  unto  it  ?     To  exercise  myself,  I 
■will  essay. 

1  Hast  thou  meanes  ?  thou  hast  one  to  spend  it. 

2  Hast  none  ?  thy  beggery  is  increased. 

3  Art  in  prosperity?  thy  happiness  is  ended. 

4  Art  in  adversity  ?  like  Jobs  wife  shee'l  aggravate  thy  mi- 

sery; vexe  thy  soule;  make  thy  bui"den  intolerable. 

5  Art  at  home  ?  shee'l  scold  thee  out  of  doores. 

6  Art  abroad  ?  if  thou  be  wise  keep  thee  so ;  shee'l  perhaps 

graft  homes  in  thine  absence ;  scovvie  on  thee  com- 
ing home. 

7  Nothing  gives  more  content  then  solitariness ;  no  solitari- 

ness like  this  of  a  single  life. 

8  The  band  of  marriage  is  adamantine;  no  hope  of  loosing- 

it ;  thou  art  undone. 

9  Thy  number  increaseth,  thou  shalt  be  devoured  by  thy 

wives  friends. 

10  Thou  art  made  a  cornuto  by  an  unchast  wife;  and  shalt 

bring  up  other  folks  children  in  stead  of  thine  owne. 

11  Paul  commends  marriage,  yet  he  preferres  a  single  life. 

12  Is  marriao-e  honourable  ?     What  an  immortall  crown  be- 

longs to  virginity ! 
So  Siracides  himself  speaks  as  much  as  may  be  for  and 
ag^ainst  women;  so  doth  almost  every  philosopher  plead  pro 
and  con;  every  poet  thus  argues  the  case  (though  what  cares 
vulgvs  hoviinum  what  they  say?)  so  can  I  conceive, peradven- 
ture,  and  so  canst  thou.  When  all  is  said,  yet  since  some  be 
good,  some  bad,  let's  put  it  to  the  venture.  I  conclude  there- 
fore with  Seneca : 

■  cur  tore  viduo  jaces  ? 


Tristem  juventam  solve  :  nunc  luxus  rape, 
Effun-de  habenas,  optimos  vitae  dies 
Effluere  prohibe. 

Why  dost  thou  lie  alone,  let  thy  youth  and  best  dayes  to  passe 
away  ?  Marry  whilst  thou  maist,  donee  virenti  canities  abest 
viorosciy  whilest  thou  art  yet  able,  yet  lusty, 

*  Elige  cui  dicas,  tu  mihi  sola  places, 


418  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

make  fli y  clioyce,  and  that  freely,  forthwith,  make  no  delay, 
but  take  thy  fortune  as  it  falls.     'Tis  true, 

a calamitosus  est  qui  incident 

In  malam  uxorem,  felix  qui  inbonam.' 

'Tis  an  hazard  both  wayes  I  confess,  to  live  single  or  to  marry; 

^  Nam  et  uxorem  ducere  et  non  ducere,  malum  est; 

it  may  be  bad,  it  may  be  good  ;  as  it  is  a  cross  and  calamity  on 
the  one  side,  so  'tis  a  sweet  delighte.  an  incomparable  happi- 
ness, a  blessed  estate,  a  most  unspeakable  benefit,  a  sole  con- 
tent on  the  other;  'tis  all  in  the  proofe.  Be  not  then  so  way- 
ward, so  covetous,  so  distrustful,  so  curious  and  nice,  but  let's 
all  marry,  mutuos  foventes  amplexus.  Take  me  to  thee,  and 
thee  to  me;  to  morrow  is  St.  Valentines  day,  let's  keep  it 
holiday  for  Cupids  sake,  for  that  great  god  Loves  sake,  for 
Hymens  sake,  and  celebrate  ''Venus  Vigil  M'ithour  ancestors, 
for  company  together,  singing  as  they  did, 

Cras  amet,  qui  nunquam  amavit ;  quique  amavit,  eras  amet ; 
Ver  novum,  ver  jam  canorum,  vere  natus  orbis  est, 
Vere  concordant  amores,  vere  nubunt  alites, 

Et  nemus  coma  resolvit,  &c , 

Cras  amet,  &c. 

Lei  him  that  is  averse  from  marriage  read  more  in  Barbaras 
de  re  uxor.  lib.  I.  cap.  1.  Lemnius  de  institut.  cap.  4.  P.  God- 
fridus  de  amor.  lib.  3.  cap.  I.  '^Nevisanus  lib.  3.  Alex,  ab 
Alexandre,  lib.  4.  cap.  8.  Tunstall,  Erasmus  Tracts  inhmdem 
matrimonii,  ^c.  and  I  doubt  not  but  in  the  end  he  will  rest 
satisfied,  recant  with  Beroaldus,  do  penance  for  his  former 
folly,  sinffing  some  penitentiall  ditties,  desire  to  be  reconciled 
to  the  deity  of  this  great  god  Love,  go  a  pilgrimage  to  his 
shrine,  offer  to  his  image,  sacrifice  upon  his  altar,  and  be  as 
willing  at  last  to  embrace  marriage  as  the  rest.  There  will  not 
bo  found,  I  hope,  ^  no  not  in  that  severe  f ami  1 1/  ofstoicks,  icho 
shall  rejme  to  submit  his  (/rave  beard,  and  supercilious  lookes 
to  the  clippinr/  of  a  icife;  or  disagree  from  his  fellowes  in  this 
point.  For  rchat  more  wiHinf/li/  (as  *  Varro  holds)  can  a 
proper  man  see  then  a  f aire  wife,  a  sweet  irife,  a  lovinc/  wife  ? 
can  the  world  afi'ord  a  better  sight,  sweeter  content,  a  fairer 
object,  a  more  gratious  aspect  ? 


a  Euripides.  ^ E  Graco  Valerius  lib.  7.  cap.  7.  « Pen igilinm  Veneris  e 

vetere  poet^.  «>  Domiis  non  potest  consistere  sine  uxore.  Ne  visanus  lib.  3.  num.  18. 
*  Nemo  in  severissiina  .Stoicoriim  fauiilia,  qui  non  barbain  quoque  et  superciliuni  ani- 
plexibus  uxoris  snbmiserit,  aut  in  ista  parte  a  reliqiiis  dissenserit.  Heinsius  Primiero. 
'Quid  libentius  homo  inasculus  vidcre  debet  qnaiu  bellam  uxorem? 


Mem.  G.  Subs.  5.J     Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  419 

Since  then,  this  of  marriag-e,  is  the  lastandbest  refuge  and 
cure  of  heroical  love,  all  doubts  are  cleared  and  impediments 
reufoved  ;  I  say  ag-ain,  what  remaines,  that  but  according- to 
both  their  desires,  they  be  happily  joyned,  since  it  cannot 
otherwise  be  helped?  God  send  us  all  good  wives;  every  man 
his  wish  in  this  kinde,  and  me  mine! 

^  antr  (&oti  tJjat  all  t|)i^  toorltf  ]batB  jjiurousSt, 
^enU  Stm  ijts  Ioi3e,t|jat  Satl)  it  go  Iftarc  ioug^t* 

If  all  parties  be  pleased,  asketheirbanes, 'tis  a  match.  ^Fruitur 
Rhodanthe  sponsd,  sponso  Dosicle ;  Rhodanthe  and  Dosicles 
shall  go  together;  Clitiphon  and  Leucippe,  Theagines  and 
Chariclea;  Poliarchus  hath  his  Argenis,  Lysander  Calista,  (to 
make  up  the  maske)  "^  Potiturque  sudpuer  Iphis  lantJii. 

^niJ  CroiluS  in  lust  antf  in  quut, 
B  hJit^  (Jrre55i5,  m  ol»M  jbeart  stoeet 

And  although  they  have  hardly  passed  the  pikes,  through 
many  difficulties  and  delayea  brought  the  match  about,  yet 
let  them  take  this  of  <i  Aristae netus  (that  so  marry)  for  their 
comforte  ^.  After  many  troubles  and  cares,  the  marriages  of 
lovei's  are  more  sweet  and  pleasant.  As  we  commonly  con- 
clude a  comoedy  with  a  ^wedding,  and  shaking  of  hands,  let's 
shut  up  our  discourse,  and  end  all  with  an  s  epithalamium. 

Feliciter  nuptis,  God  give  them  joye  together.  ^  Hymen  O 
Hymena:e,  Hymen  ades  O  Hymencee  !  Bonum  factum.  'Tis 
well  done.  Hand  equidem  sine  mente  reor,  sine  numine  Divum, 
'tis  an  happy  conjunction,  a  fortunate  match,  an  even  couple. 

Arabo  animis,  ambo  praestantes  viribus,  ambo 
Florentes  annis,— — 

they  both  excell  in  gifts  of  body  andminde,  are  both  equal  in 
yeares,  youth,  vigor,  alacrity;  she  is  faire  and  lovely  as  Lais 
or  Helena,  he  as  another  Charinus  or  Alcibiades, 


Liberos  date. 


ludite  ut  lubet,  et  brevi 


Then  modestly  go  sport  and  playe, 
And  let's  have  every  year  a  boy. 


>"  a  Chaucer.  ^  Conclusio  Theod.  Prodromi.  9.  1.  Amor.  "^  Ovid. 

^Epist.  4.  1.2.  Jucundiores  multo  et  suaviores  longe  post  molestas  turbas  amantium 
nnptiae.  *  Olim  meminisse  juvabit  f  Quid  expectatis,  intus  fiunt  nuptiae. 

The  musick,  guests,  and  all  the  good  cheere  is  within.  gThe  conclusion  of 

Chaucer's  Poem  of  Troilus  and  Cressid.  h  Catullus.  '  Catallus.  J.  Secundus 

«ylvar.  lib.  Jam  virgo  thalamum  subibit,  unde  ne  virgo  redeat,  marile,  cura. 

E  e2 


420  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  2. 

^Goe  (jhc  a  sweet  smel  as  incense,  and  bring  forth  flowres,  as 
the  lUly  ;  that  we  may  say  hereafter, 

Scitus,  mccastor!  natus  est  Pamphilo  puer. 
In  the  mean  tuue  1  say, 

I'lte,  aglte,  O  juvcnes,  *^  non  murmura  vestra  cohimlree, 
Brachia  non  hederee,  neque  vincant  oscula  conchgB. 

Gentle  yoiiths  go  sport  your  selves  betimes, 
Let  not  the  doves  outpass  your  murmurings, 
Or  ivy  clasping  armes,  or  oyster  kissings. 

And  in  the  more  betime,  as  those  ** Lacedaemonian  lasses  sa- 
luted Helena  and  Menelaiis,  singing  at  their  M'indowes  and 
wishing  good  successe,  do  we  at  yours ; 

Salve,  O  sponsa,  salve  felix,  det  vobis  Latona 
Felicem  sobolem;  Venus  Dea  det  sequalem  amorem 
Inter  vos  mutuo;   Saturnus  durabiles  divitias. 
Dormite,  in  pectora  mutuo  amorem  inspirantes, 
Et  desiderium  ! 

Good  morrow  master  bridegroom,  and  mistress  bride, 
Many  faire  lovely  bernes  to  you  betide ! 
Let  Venus  to  you  mutual  love  procure, 
Let  Saturne  give  you  riches  to  endure. 
Long  may  you  sleep  in  one  anotbers  armes, 
Inspiring  sweet  desire,  and  free  from  harraes. 

Even  all  your  lives  long, 

e  Contingat  vobis  turturum  coucordia, 
Corniculse  vivacitas 

The  love  of  turtles  hap  to  you, 
And  ravens  yeares  still  to  renew. 

Let  the  Muses  sing,  (as  he  said)  the  Graces  dance  not  at  their 
T\Jeddings  only  but  all  their  dayes  long;  soeonple  their  hearts, 
that  no  irksomeness  or  anr/er  ever  hej'all  them:  Let  him  never 
call  her  other  name  then  my  Joi/e,  my  Uqht ;  or  she  call  him 
otherwise  then  sweet-heart.  To  this  happiness  of  theirs,  let 
not  old  age  atiy  whit  detract,  but  as  their  yearesy  so  let  their 


»  Ecclns.  39.  14.  •>  Galeni  Epithal.  •■  O  nortem  qnater  et  quatf  r  beatam. 

•iThpocritiis  erlyl.  18.  'Erasm.  Epilhal.  P.  7^:^(111.     Nee  saltent  nio«lo.  Rtrt  duo 

charissima  pectora  indissoluhili  mutual  btiievolentifh  ikhIo  ropiilent,  iit  niliil  iinquBm 
eos  incedere  posset  irte  vel  taedii.  Ilia  perpftuo  nihil  aniiiat  nisi,  niea  lux  :  iile  vicissiin 
nihil  ni«i,  anime  mi :  atqne  huic  jnnmditati  ne  scnectus  detrahat,  imo  [Xitius  ali^id 
adangeat. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]         Cure  of  Love-Melancholy.  421 

mutual  love  cmd  comfort  increase.      AwiX  when  they  depart 
this  life, 


-Concordes  quoniam  vixere  tot  annos, 


Auferat  hora  duos  eadem,  nee  conjugis  usquam 
Busta  suse  videat,  nee  sit  tamulandus  ab  ilia. 

Because  they  have  so  sweetly  liv'd  together, 
Let  not  one  dye  a  day  before  the  other, 
He  bury  her,  she  him,  with  even  fate, 
One  houre  their  soules,  let  jointly  separate. 

Fortunati  ambo,  si  quid  mea  carmina  possunt, 
Nulla  dies  unquam  memori  vos  eximet  eevo. 

Atque  hsec  de  amore  dixisse  sufficiat  suh  correctione,  ^  quod 
ait  ille,  ciijusque  melim  sentientis.  Phira  qui  volet  de  reme- 
diis  auioris,  legal  JasonemPratensem,  Arnoldum,  Montaltum, 
Savanarolara,  Langium,  Valesciim,  Crimisonuiu,  Alexandrum 
Benedictuin,  Laurentium,  Valleriolam,  e  Poetis  Nasonemj  e 
nostratibus  Cbaucerum,  &c.  with  whom  I  conclude, 

b  jj-or  tin)  taor^a  Ijtxt  autf  ebtri?  part, 
^  ^peaS  Sent  all  uxCOtx  tcxxttiiaxi 
01  j?ou  t|»at  feeling;  i)ab?  in  lcbe'5  art, 
^n^  put  tt  all  til  pour  Uiscretion, 
Co  iiitrcat  or  maCf  Utniinutfoit 
0i  m2?  lauiguage  tjat  3E  gou  6£5eccB  J 
33«t  noil)  to  j^urpo^e  ai  mg  rat|)er  6p£  tt^» 


'Kom  manuus  de  linea  amoris,  "^  Finis  3.  bookof  Troilus  and  Cressid. 


422  Love-Melanchofy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

SECT.  III. 
MEMB.  I.     SUBSECT.  I. 

JEALOUSIE. 

Jealousie,  its  (Equivocations,  name,  definition,  extent,  severall 
kindes  ;  oj' princes,  parejits,  friends.  In  beasts,  men :  bc' 
fore  marriacfe,  as  corrivals;  or  after,  as  in  this  place. 

V  ALESCUS  de  Taranta  cap.  de  Melanchol.  iElian  Montal- 
tiis,  Felix  Platerus,  Guianerius,  put  jealousie  for  a  cause  of 
melancholy,  others  for  a  symptome  ;  because  melancholy  per- 
sons, amongst  these  passions  and  perturbations  of  the  minde, 
are  most  obnoxious  to  it.  But  me  thinks,  for  the  latitude  it 
hath,  and  that  prerogative  above  other  ordinary  symptomes,  it 
ought  to  be  treated  of  as  a  species  apart,  being  of  so  great  and 
eminent  note,  so  furious  a  passion,  and  almost  of  as  great  ex- 
tent as  love  it  self,  as  ^^Benedette  Varchi  holds,  No  love  with' 
out  a  viixture  of  Jealousie  ;  qui  non  zelat,  non  amat.  For 
tljese  causes,  1  will  dilate,  and  treat  of  it  by  it  self,  as  a  bastard- 
branch  or  kinde  of  Love  Melancholy,  which,  as  heroical  love 
goeth  commonly  before  marriage,doth  usually  follow,  torture, 
and  crucifie  in  like  sort;  deserves  therefore  to  be  rectified 
alike,  requires  as  much  care  and  industry,  in  setting  out  the 
severall  causes,  prognosticks  and  cures  of  it.  Which  I  have 
more  willingly  done,  that  he  that  is  or  hath  been  jealous, 
may  sec  his  errour  as  in  a  glasse  ;  he  that  is  not,  may  learn 
to  detest,  avoid  it  himselfe,  and  dispossess  others  that  are  any 
wise  affected  with  it. 

Jealousie  is  described  and  defined  to  be  ^ a  certain  suspitiori 
which  the  lover  hath,  of  the  party  he  chiefy  loveth,  lest  he  or 
she  should  be  enamored  of  another :  or  any  eager  desire  to  en- 
joye  some  beauty  alone,  to  have  it  proper  to  himselfe  only  : 
a  fear  or  doubt,  lest  any  forrainer  should  participate  or  share 
with  him  in  his  love.  Or  (as  ^Scaliger  adds)  a  fear  of  losinr/ 
her  favour,  whom  he  so  earnestly  affects.     Cardan  cals  it  a 


»  In  his  Oration  of  Jealousie,  put  out  by  Fr.  Sansevino.        '        b  Benedetto  Varchi. 
*  Exercitat.  317,    Cum  uittuimus  ue  amatx  rei  cxtnrbtmur  possessioue.  , 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Jealousie.  423 

^zeale  for  love,  and  a  kinde  of  envy  lest  any  man  should  ie- 
ffuile  ns.  "^  Ludovicus  Vives  defines  it  in  the  very  same  words, 
or  little  differing  in  sense. 

There  be  many  other  jealousies,  but  improperly  so  called 
all ;  as  thatof  parents,  tutors,  guardians  over  children ;  friends 
whom  they  love  ;  or  such  as  are  left  to  their  wardship  or  pro- 
tection. 

(Storax,  non  rediit  hac  nocte  a  ccenS.  ^schinus, 
Neque  serviilorura  quispiam  qui  adversum  ierant? 

As  the  olde  man  in  the  comoedy  cried  out  in  passion,  and 
from  a  soUicitous  fear  and  care  he  had  of  his  adopted  son) 
^not  of  their  beauty,  hut  lest  they  sJiould  miscarry,  do  amiss, 
or  any  ivay  discredit,  disgrace  (as  Vives  notes)  or  endanger 
themselves  and  us.  "^  iEgeus  was  so  solicitous  for  his  son 
Theseus,  (when  he  went  to  fight  with  the  Minotaure)  of  his 
success,  lest  he  should  be  foiled.  ^ Prona  est  timori  semper  in 
pejus  fides.  We  are  still  apt  to  suspect  the  worst  in  such 
doubtful  cases,  as  many  wives  in  their  husbands  absence;  fond 
mothers  in  their  childrens  :  lest  if  absent,  they  should  be 
misled  or  sicke,  and  are  conliiiually  expecting  newes  from 
them,  how  they  do  fare,  and  what  is  become  of  them,  they 
cannot  endure  to  have  them  long  out  of  their  sight.  0  my 
sweet  son,  O  my  dear  childe,  &c.  Paul  was  jealous  over  the 
church  of  Corinth,  as  he  confesseth,  2  Cor.  11.  3.  With  a 
godly  jealousie,  to  present  them  a  pure  virgin  to  Christ ;  and 
he  was  aftraid  still,  lest  as  the  serpent  beguiled  Eva  through 
his  subtilty,  so  their  mindes  could  be  corrupt  from  the  sim- 
plicity that  is  in  Christ.  God  himself,  in  some  sense,  is  said 
to  be  jealous,  ^  I  am  a  jealous  God,  and  icill  visite:  so  Psal. 
79.  5.  Shall  thy  jealousie  burn  like  fire  for  ever  ?  But  these 
are  improperly  called  jealousies,  and  by  a  metaphor,  to  shew 
the  care  and  solicitude  they  have  of  them.  Although  some 
jealousies  express  all  the  symptomes  of  this  which  Ave  treat 
of,  feare,  sorrow,  anguish,  anxiety,  suspicion,  hatred,  &c.  the 
object  only  varied.  That  of  some  fathers  is  very  eminent,  to 
their  sons  and  heires ;  for  though  they  love  them  dearly  being 
children,  yet  now  comming  toward  mans  estate  they  may  not 
well  abide  them  ;  the  sou  and  heire  is  commonly  sick  of  the 
father,  and  the  father  again  may  not  well  brook  his  eldest  son  ; 
inde  simultates,  jilerumque  contentiones  et  inimicitia^ ;  but 
that  of  princes  is  most  notorious,  as  when  they  fear  corrivals 


*Zelus  de  forma  est  invidentiae   species,  ne   qais  forma  quam  amamiis   fruatur. 
bS.  deAnima.  =R.  deAnima.     Tangimar  zelotypia  de  pupillis,  liberis 

charisque   curac  nostrge  concreditis,  non  de  forma,  sed  ne  male  sit  iis,  aut  ne  nobis 
si bique  parent  ignominiam.,       <i  Plutarch.^       « Senec.  in  Here.  fur.         ^Exod.  20. 


421  Love-MelancJioly.  [Part.  3,  Sec.  3. 

(if  I  may  so  call  thorn)  successouis,  emulators,  subjects,  or 
such  as  thoy  liave  offended.  "  Omnisqne  potestas  hupatiens 
consorfis  crit :  The}}  are  still  sitspilious,  lest  their  authority 
should  be  diminished,  ''as  one  observes;  and  as  Comineushath 
it,  '^  It  cannot  l)e  expressed  ichat  slender  causes  they  have  of 
their  griefe  and  suspition,  a  secret  disease,  that  commonlf; 
lurkes  and  breedes  in  princes  families.  Sometimes  it  is  for 
their  honour  onely;  as  that  of  Adrian  the  emperour,  **  ?/<«< 
killed  all  his  emulators.  Saul  envied  David ;  Domitian  Agri- 
cola,  because  he  did  excell  him,  obscure  his  honour  as  he 
thought,  eclipse  his  fame.  Juno  turned  Pra?tus  daughters  into 
kine,  for  that  they  contended  with  her  for  beanty  ;  Cyparissae 
kingEteocles'  children,  were  envied  of  the  goddesses  for  their 
excellent  good  parts,  and  dancing  amongst  the  rest,  saith 
^  Constantine  ;  and  for  that  cause,  funr/  doione  headlonr/ from 
heaven,  and  buried  in  a  pit ;  but  the  earth  took  pity  of  them, 
and  bronrfht  out  cypress  trees  to  preserve  their  memories, 
*^Niobe,  Arachne,  and  Marsias  can  testifie  as  much.  But  it  is 
most  grievous  M'hen  it  is  for  a  kingdome  it  self,  or  matters  of 
commodity, it  produceth lamentable  effects,especially  amongst 
tyrants,  in  despotico  iviperio,  and  such  as  are  more  feared 
then  beloved  of  their  subjects,  that  get  and  keep  their  sove- 
raigiity  l)y  force,  and  feare.  ?  Quod  civibus  tenere  te  invitis 
scias,  Sfc.  as  Phalaris,  Dionysius,  Pcriauder  held  theirs.  For 
though  feare,  cowardise  and  jealousie,  in  Plutarchs  opinion, 
be  the  common  causes  of  tyranny,  as  in  Nero,  Caligula,  Tibe- 
rias, yet  most  take  them  to  be  symptomes.  For  ^  tvhat  slave, 
what  hauf/man  (as  Bodine  well  expresseth  this  passiou,  I.  2. 
c.  5.  derep.)  can  so  cruelly  tor  t?ire  a  condemned  person,  as  this 
feare  and  suspition  ?  Feare  of  death,  infamie,  torments,  are 
those  furies  and  vultures  that  vexe  and  disquiet  tyrants,  and 

torture  themday  and  niyht,icithperpetuallterrors  and  affrights, 
envy,  suspition,  feare,  desire  of  revenge,  and  a  thousand  such 
disayreeiny  perturbations,  turn  and  affright  the  soule  out  of 
the  hinges  of  health  ;  and  more  grievously  wound  atid  pierce, 
then  those  cruel  masters  can  exasperate  and  vexe  their  prentises 


aLiican.  b  DanspHs  Aphoris.  polit.     Semper  metniint  up  eoniin  aucforitas 

minuatnr.  <: Belli  Neapol.  lib.  5.     Dici  nou  potest  quara  teniies  et  intirnias 

causks  habent  mreroris  et  suspiciunis,  et  hie  est  morbus  occnltus,  qui  in  faniiliis  prin- 
cipum  repnat.  i)  Omnes  amnios  interfecit.     Lamnrifl.  'Constant,  agri- 

cult,  lib.  10.  c.  5.  Cyparissa;,  Eteocli.s  filia?,  saltantes  ad  ajmulationem  Deamin,  in  pu- 
teumdemolita;  sunt;  sed terra  niiserata,  cupresaos  inde  produxit  fOvid.  Met 

g  Seneca.  ''  Quis  aiitem  carnifex  addictum  supplicio  crudelius  adiciat,  qnam 

tnetus?  Metns,  inrpiam,  mortis,  infauiia*,  cruciatiis,  sunt  ilia;  ulfrices  l-'urire  qua;  tyran- 
no.s  exa^itant,  &:c.  Multo  acerbius  sauciant  et  pungunt,  quam  crudeles  domiui  ser\os 
vinctos  fuslibus  ac  tormeutis  exulcerarc  possunt. 


Mein.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Jealousie  of  Princes.  425 

or  servants,  with  clubbes,  tchippes,  chairhes  and  tortures. 
Many  terrible  examples  we  have  in  this  kiude,  amongst  the 
Tiirkes  especially,  many  jealous  outrages  ;  *  Selimus  killed 
Cornutus  his  yongest  brother,  five  of  his  nephevves,  Mnstapha 
Bassa,  and  divers  others.  ''Bajazet,  the  second  Turke,  jealous 
of  the  valour  and  greatness  of  Acmet  Bassa,  caused  him  to 
be  slaine.  '^  Solyman  the  magnificent  murdered  his  own  sou 
Mustapha;  and 'tis  an  ordinary  thing-  among-st  them,  to  make 
away  their  brothers,  or  any  competitors,  at  the  first  comming- 
to  the  crown  :  'tis  all  the  solemnity  they  use  at  their  fathers 
funerals.  What  mad  pranks,  in  his  jealous  fury,  did  Herode 
of  old  commit  in  Jury,  when  he  massacred  all  the  children  of 
ayeareold?  '^Yalens,  the  emperourin  Constantinople,  when 
as  he  left  no  man  alive  of  quality  in  his  kingdome  that  had  his 
name  begun  with  Theo,  Theodoti,  Theognosti,  Theodosii, 
Theoduli,  &c.  They  went  all  to  their  long-  home,  because  a 
wizard  told  him  that  name  should  succeed  in  his  empire. 
And  what  furious  dcsignes  hath  ^  Jo.  Basilius,  that  3Iu'sco- 
vian  tyrant,  practised  of  late  ?  It  is  a  wonder  (o  read  that 
strange  suspition,  which  Suetonius  reports  of  Claudius  Csesar, 
and  of  Domiiian  ;  they  were  afraid  of  every  man  they  saw  : 
And,  v.hich  Herodian  reports  of  Antonius  and  Geta,  those 
two  jealous  brothers;  the  one  could  not  endure  so  much  as 
the  others  servants  ;  but  made  away  him,  his  chiei'est  fol- 
lowers, and  all  that  belonged  to  him,  or  were  his  well-wishers. 
^  3Iaxinwins  perceiving  hiniselj'e  to  be  odious  to  most  men, 
because  he  was  come  to  that  height  of  honour  out  of  base 
beginnings,  and  suspecting  his  meane  parentage  would  he 
objected  to  him,  caused  all  the  senators  that  were  nobly 
descended,  to  be  slain  in  a  jealous  humour,  turned  all  the 
sei'vants  of  Alexander ,  his  predecessor,  out  of  doores,  and 
slew  viany  of  tkem,  because  theg  lamented  their  masters 
death,  suspecting  them  to  be  tragtors,  for  the  love  they  bare 
to  him.  When  Alexander  in  his  fury  had  made  Clitus,  his 
deare  friend,  to  be  put  to  death,  and  saw  now,  (saith  sCurtius) 
an  alienation  in  his  subjects  hearts,  none  durst  talk  -with  him ; 
he  began  to  be  jealous  of  himselfe,  lest  they  should  attempt  as 
much  on  him,  and  said,  they  lived  like  so  viany  wilde  beasts 


a  Lonicerus  torn.  1.  Turc.  hist.  c.  2i.  •>  Jovius  vita  ejus.  «  Knowles. 

Basbeqnius.  Sand.  fol.  52.  <i  Nicephonis  lib.  11.  c.  45.  Socrates  lib.  7.  cap.  35. 

Neque  Valens  alicui  pepercit  qui  Tiieo  cognomine  vocaretur.  "^  Alesand. 

Gagnin.  Muscov.  hist,  descrip.  c.  5.  ^Dr.  Fletcher,     Timet  omnes  ne  insidije 

essent.  Herodian.  1.  7.  IVIaxirainas  invisum  se  sentiens,  quod  ex  infimo  loco  in  tantam 
fortunam  venisset  moribus  ac  genere  barbarus,  metuens  ne  natalium  obscuritas  objice- 
retiir,  omnes  Alexandria  praedecessoris  ministros  ex  aula  ejecit,  pluribns  interl'ectis 
quod  moesti  essent  ad  mortem  Alexandri,  insidias  inde  metuens.  S  Lib.  8. 

Tanquam  fers  solitudine  vivebant,  terrentes  alios,  timentes. 


426  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3,  Sec.  3. 

in  a  icUdernesse,  one  aj'raide  of  another.  Our  modem  stories 
afford  us  many  notable  examples.  "  Henry  the  third  of'France, 
jealous  of  J  lenry  of  Lorainc  duke  of  Guise,  Anno  1588,  caused 
him  to  be  murdered  in  his  owne  chamber.  ^  Lewes  the  ele- 
venth was  so  suspitious,  he  durst  not  trust  his  children;  every 
man  about  him  he  suspected  for  a  traytor :  many  stranj^e  tricks 
Comines  telleth  of  him.  How  jealous  was  our  Henry  the 
<=  fourth  of  king  Richard  the  second,  so  lono-  as  he  lived,  after 
lie  was  deposed  !  and  of  his  own  son  Ilcmy,  in  his  later  dayes! 
which  the  prince  well  perceiving",  came  to  visite  his  father  in 
his  sicknesse,  in  a  watchet  velvet  gowne,  full  of  oilet  holes,  and 
with  needles  sticking  in  them,  (as  an  embleme  of  jealousio) 
and  so  pacified  his4'iperstitious  father,  after  some  speeches  and 
protestations,  Avhich  he  had  used  to  that  purpose.  Perpetual 
imprisonment,  as  that  of  Robert  'duke  of  Normandy,  in  the 
dayes  of  Henry  the  first;  forbidding-  of  marriage  to  some  per- 
sons, with  such  like  edicts  and  jirohibitions,  are  ordinary  in 
all  states.  In  a  word  ("^as  he  said)  three  things  cause  jea- 
lousie  :  a  mighty  state,  a  rich  treasure,  a  faire  wife ;  or 
where  there  is  a  crackt  title,  much  tyranny,  and  many  exac- 
tions. In  our  state,  as  being  freed  from  all  these  feares  and 
miseries,  we  may  be  most  secure  and  happy  under  the  raign 
of  our  fortunate  prince. 

f  His  fortune  hath  indebted  him  to  none, 
But  to  all  his  people  universally  ; 
And  not  to  them  but  for  their  love  alone. 
Which  they  account  as  placed  worthily. 
He  is  so  set,  he  hath  no  cause  to  be 
Jealous,  or  dreadfull  of  disloyalty  ; 
The  pedistall  whereon  his  greatnesse  stands. 
Is  held  of  all  our  hearts,  and  all  our  hands. 

But  I  rove,  I  confesse.  These  equivocations,  jealousies^  and 
many  such,  which  crucifie  the  soules  of  men,  are  not  here 
prop(!rly  meant,  or  in  this  distinction  of  ours  included  ;  but 
that  alone  which  is  for  beauty,  tending-  to  love,  and  wherein 
they  can  brooke  no  corrival,  or  endure  any  participation.  And 
this  jealousie  belongs  as  well  to  bruite  beasts  as  men.  Some 
creatures,  saith  sVives,  swans,  doves,  cockcs,  bulls,  &c.  are 
jealous  as  well  as  men,  and  as  much  moved,  for  feare  of  com- 
munion. 


a  Serres  fol.  56.  i>  Neap,  belli  lib.  .5.    Nulli  prorsns  homini  fidebat  omne.'j 

insidiari  sibi  putabat.  «  Camden'.s  lleinaines.  i"  Mat.  Paris.  «K.  T. 

notes  in  blason  jealon.sie.  f  Daniel  in  his  Panep:yriek  to  tlie  king.  eli.  lie 

animii  cap.  de  zel.      Anirnalia  finnedain  zelotypia  tanguutiir,  ut  olores,  columb.T,  galli, 
taiiri,  Stc,  ob  metuiu  conimuuionis. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1,]         Jealousie  of  Beasts.  427 

^  Grege  pro  toto  bella  juvenci, 
Si  conjugio  timu6re  suo, 
Possunt  timidi  proelia  cervi, 
Et  mugltus  dant  concept!  signa  furoris. 
In  Venus'  cause  what  mighty  battels  make 
Your  raving  bulls,  and  stirs  for  their  herds  sake  ! 
And  harts  and  bucks  that  are  so  timorous, 
Will  fight  and  roare,  if  once  they  be  but  jealous. 

In  bulls,  horses,  goats,  this  is  most  apparently  discerned,  bulls 
especially  ;  al'mm  in  pascuis  non  admittit  ;  he  will  not  admit 
another  bull  to  feed  in  the  same  pasture,  saith  ''Oppian:  which 
Stephanus  Bathorius,  late  king  of  Poland,  used  as  in  impresse, 
with  that  motto,  Regnum  non  capit  duos.  R.  T.  in  his  blason 
of  jealousie,  telleth  a  story  of  a  swan  about  Windsore,  that 
finding  a  strange  cocke  with  his  mate,  did  swim,  I  know  not 
how  many  miles  after  him,  to  kill  him ;  and  when  he  had  so 
done,  came  back  and  killed  his  hen;  a  certain  truth,  he  saith, 
done  upon  Thames,  as  many  water-men,  and  neighbour  gentle- 
men can  tell.  Fidem  suam  liberet ;  for  my  part,  I  dobeleeve 
it  may  be  true ;  for  swans  have  ever  been  branded  with  that 
epithite  of  jealousie. 

"  Clje  ffalouiS  gJuanne  asatn^t  6f«J  IfratB  t]bat  6ntg;et|j, 
^nlf  tkt  tjbc  oiult  tj&at  oi  Ijcat]^  6otft  iiingcti). 

•^Some  say  as  much  of  elephants,  that  they  are  more  jealous 
then  any  other  creatures  whatsoever ;  and  those  old  iEgyp- 
tians,  as  *  Pierius  informeth  us,  expresse,  in  their  hierogly- 
phicks,  the  passion  of  jealousie  by  a  camell ;  ^  because  that 
fearing  the  worst  still  about  matters  of  venery,  he  loves  soli- 
tudes, that  he  may  enjoye  his  pleasure  alone,  et  in  qnoscunqne 
ohvios  insurgit,  zelotypicB  stimuUs  agitatus,  he  will  quarrel 
and  fight  with  whosoever  come  next,  man  or  beast,  in  his 
jealous  fits.  I  have  reade  as  much  of  §  crocodiles;  and  if  Peter 
Martyrs  authority  be  authentique,  legat.  Bahylonicce  lib.  3. 
you  shall  have  a  strange  tale  to  that  purpose  confidently  related. 
Another  story  of  the  jealousie  of  dogs,  see  in  Hierome.  Fa- 
bricius  Tract.  3.  cap.  5.  de  loqueld  animaliuni. 

But  this  furious  passion  is  most  eminent  in  men ;  and  is  as 
well  amongst  batchelors,  as  married  men.  If  it  appear  amongst 
batchelors  we  commonly  call  them  rivals  or  corrivals,  a  meta- 


aSeneca.  "^Lib.  11.  Cynoget.  c  Chaucer  in  his  assembly  of  fowls.   '^ 

dAldrovand.  «  Lib.  12.  ^^fSibi  timens  circa  res  veuereas,  solitudines 

aniat,  quo  solus  sola  foemina  fruatur. .  g  Crocodili  zelotypi  et  u.xorum  aiuantis- 

siini,  Sic. 


428  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

phor  derived  from  a  river,  rivaloft,  a  ■^rivo ;  for  as  a  river, 
saifli  Acron  in  Her.  art.  Poi't.  and  Donat.  in  Ter.  Eunuch. 
divides  a  coinnion  iirounde  betwixt  two  men,  and  both  parti- 
cipate of  it,  so  is  a  woman  indifferent  betwixt  two  suiters,  both 
likely  to  enjoy  her;  and  thence  comes  this  eniidation,  which 
breakes  out  many  times  into  tempestuous  stornies,  and  produ- 
ceth  lamentable  effects,  murder  it  self,  with  much  cruelty, 
many  single  combats.  They  cannot  endure  the  least  injury 
done  unto  them  before  their  mistress;  and  in  her  defence  will 
bite  off  one  anotbers  noses;  they  are  most  impatient  of  any 
floute,  disgrace,  the  least  emulation  or  participation  in  that 
kinde.  ^  Lacerat  lucertnm  Laryi  mordax  Memnius.  Mem- 
nius  the  Roman  (as  Tully  tels  the  story  de  aratore  lib.  2.) 
being-  corrival  witn  Larg-us  at  Terracina,  bit  him  by  the  arme, 
which  fact  of  his  was  so  famous,  that  it  afterwards  grew  to  a 
proverbe  in  those  parts-  ^Phfedria  could  not  abide  his  corrival 
Thraso:  for  when  Parmeno  <iemixm\ed,nnmquidaliuditnperas? 
whether  he  Mould  connnand  him  any  more  service  :  No  more 
(saith  he)  but  to  speake  in  his  behalj'e,  and  to  drive  away  his 
corrival,  if  he  could.  Constantine  in  the  eleventh  book  of  his 
husbandry,  cap.  11.  hath  a  pleasant  tale  of  the  pine  tree;  ^  she 
was  once  a  faire  maid,  whom  Pineus  and  Boreas  two  corrivals, 
dearly  soug-ht ;  but  jealous  Boreas  broke  her  neck,  &c.  And 
in  his  18  chapter  he  telleth  another  tale  of '^ Mars,  that  in  his 
jealousie  slew  Adonis.  Petroniuscalleth  this  passion  o??2a«f??///i 
fnriosam  cEmu/atiouem,  a  furious  emulation  ;  and  their  syui- 
ptomes  are  well  expressed  by  Sir  Jeffery  Chaucer,  in  his  first 
Canterbury  tale.  It  will  m.ake  the  neerest  and  dearest  friends 
fall  out;  they  will  endure  all  other  things  to  be  common, 
g-oods,  lands,  monys,  participate  of  each  others  pleasures,  and 
take  in  good  part  any  disgraces,  injuries  in  another  kinde; 
but,  as  Propertius  well  describes  it  in  an  elegy  of  his,  in  this 
tiiey  will  suffer  nothing,  have  no  corrivals. 

'Tu  mihi  vel  ferro  pectus,  vel  perdc  vcneno, 
A  doraiua  tantuai  te  mode  tolle  mca  : 
To  socium  vitce,  tc  corporis  esse  licebit, 

Te  doininum  admiLto  rebus,  amice,  meis. 
Locto  te  solum,  lecto  te  deprecor  uno  : 
Rivalcm  possum  non  ego  fcrrc  Jovem. 


»  Qui  dividit  agram  coramunem  ;  inde  deducitur  ad  amanles.       '  bErasmna 

chil.  1.  cf-nt.  9.  adafj.  99.  «Ter.  Emi.  act.  1.  sc.  1.     Mnnus  nostrnm  ornato 

verbis,  et  isliim  aniiilnui,  quoad  potpris,  ah  t  a  pellito.  <* Finns  pnella  qtiondain 

fuit,  8ic.  «  iMars  zeloty|JUs  Adouideiu  iuterfecit.  '  R.  1 , 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]         Causes  of  Jealousie.  429 

Stab  me  with  sword,  or  poyson  strong 

Give  me  to  work  my  bane  ; 
So  thou  court  not  my  lass,  so  thou 

From  mistress  mine  refrain. 
Command  my  selfe,  my  body,  purse. 

As  thine  own  goods  take  all, 
And  as  my  ever  dearest  friend, 

I  ever  use  thee  shall. 

O  spare  my  love,  to  have  alone 

Her  to  my  self  I  crave  ; 
Nay,  Jove  himselfe  I'll  not  endure 

My  rival  for  to  have. 

This  jealousie  wliich  I  am  to  treat  of,  is  that  which  belongs 
to  married  men,  in  respect  to  their  own  wives;  to  whose  estate, 
as  no  sweetnesse,  pleasure,  happinesse  can  be  compared  in  the 
world,  if  they  live  quietly  and  loveingly  together;  so  if  they 
disagree  or  be  jealous,  those  bitter  pils  of  sorrow  and  grief, 
disasterous  mischieves,  mischances,  tortures,  gripings,  discon- 
tents, are  not  to  be  separated  from  them.  A  most  violent  pas- 
sion it  is,  where  it  taketh  place,  an  unspeakable  torment,  a 
hellish  torture,  an  infernal  plague,  as  Ariosto  cals  it;  ajiiri/y 
a  contbmal  fever,  full  of  suspition.  fear  e,  and  sorrotc  ;  a  mar- 
tyr dome,  a  mirth-marring  monster.  The  sorrow  and  grief' of 
heart  of  one  woman  jealous  of  another,  is  heavier  then  death, 
JEccliis.  26.  6.  as  ^  Peniunah  did  Hannah,  vexe  her  a?id  upbraid 
her  sore.  'Tis  a  main  vexation,  a  most  iutollerable  burden, 
a  corrosive  to  all  content,  a  frenzy,  a  madness  it  self,  as  ^  Be- 
nedetto Varchi  proves  out  of  that  select  sonnet  of  Giovanni 
de  la  Casa,  that  reverend  lord^  as  he  stiles  him. 


SUBSECT.  II. 

Cavses  of  Jealousie.  Who  are  most  apt.  Idleness,  melancholy, 
impotency,  long  absence,  beauty,  icantonness,  naught  them- 
selves.    Allurements  from  time,  place,  personsy  bad  usage. 

Astrologers  make  the  stars  a  cause  or  signe  of  this 
bitter  passion  ;  and  out  of  every  mans  horoscope  will  give  a 
probable  conjecture  m  hether  he  will  be  jealous  or  no,  and  at 
what  time,  by  direction  of  the  significators  to  their  several  pro- 
missors  ;  their  apborismes  are  to  be  read  in  Albubator,  Ponta- 
nus,  Skoner,  Junctine,  &c.  Bodine  cap.  5.  meth,  hist,  ascribes 

^  1  Sam.  1.  6.  ''  Blason  of  Jealousie. 


430  Love-Melancholy,  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

a  o-roat  cause  to  the  country  or  clime,  and  discourscth  largely 
tl)ereofthissul)ject,  saying,  that  soutlierne  men  are  more  hot, 
lascivious,  and  jealous,  then  such  as  live  in  the  north  ;  they 
can  hardly  containe  themselves  in  those  hotter  climes,  but  are 
most  subject  to  prodigious  lusts.  Leo  Afertelleth  incredible 
things  almost,  of  the  lust  and  jealousie  of  his  country  men  of 
Africke,  and  especially  such  as  live  about  Carthage;  and  so 
doth  every  geographer  of  them  in  ''Asia,  Turkic,  Spaniards, 
Italians.  Germany  hath  not  so  many  drunkards,  England  to- 
Lacconists,  France  dancers,  Holland  mariners,  as  Italy  alone 
hath  jealous  husbands.  And  in  ''Italy,  some  account  them 
of  Piacenza  more  jealous  then  the  rest.  In  '^Germany,  France, 
Brittain,  Scandia,  Poland,  Muscovy,  they  are  not  so  troubled 
M'ith  this  ferall  malady,  although  Damianus  a  Goes,  which  I 
doe  much  wonder  at,  in  his  topography  of  Laplande,  and 
Herbastein  of  Russia,  against  the  stream  of  all  other  geogra- 
phers, would  fasten  it  upon  those  northerne  inhabitants. 
Altomarius  Poggius,  and  Munster  in  his  description  of  Ba- 
den, reports  that  men  and  women  of  all  sorts,  go  commonly 
into  the  bathes  together,  without  all  suspition,  the  name  of 
jealousie  (saith  Munster)  is  not  so  much  as  once  heard  of 
amonri  them :  In  Frisland  the  women  kiss  him  they  drink 
to,  and  are  kissed  again  of  those  they  pledge.  The  virgins  in 
Holland  go  hand  in  hand  with  yong  men  from  home,  glide 
on  the  ice,  such  is  their  harmless  liberty,  and  lodge  toge- 
ther abroad  without  suspition,  which  rash  Sansovinus,  an 
Italian,  makes  a  great  signe  of  unchastity.  In  France,  upon 
small  acquaintance,  it  is  usual  to  court  other  mens  wives, 
to  come  to  their  houses,  and  accompany  them  arme  in 
arme  in  the  streets,  without  imputation.  In  the  most  northerne 
countries,  yong  men  and  maids  familiarly  dance  together, 
men  and  their  wives,  •*  which,  Siena  only  excepted,  Italian* 
jnay  not  abide.  The  ®  Greekes,  on  the  other  side,  have  their 
])rivate  bathes  for  men  and  women,  where  they  must  not 
come  neer,  not  so  much  as  see  one  another:  and  as  '^ Bo- 
dine  observes  lib.  5.  de  repuh.  the  Italians  could  never  en- 
dure this^  or  a  Spaniard;  the  very  conceit  of  it  would  make 
him  mad  :  and  for  that  cause  they  locke  up  their  women,  and 
will  not  suffer  them  to  be  neer  men,  so  much  as  in  the  e  churcb> 


a  Mtilierum  conditio  misera  ;  nullum  liOBeslam  crediint  nisi  domo  eoncliisa  vivaf. 
'>  Fines  Morison.  "=  Nomen  zelotypi;r  apud  istos  locum  non  habet.  lib.  3.  c.  8. 

d  Fines  Moris,  part.  3.  cap.  2.  «  Biisbeqiiius.  Sands.  ^  Pra-  amore 

et  zelotjpia  saepius  insaniunt.  F  Aiistrales  ne  sacra  qiiidem  piihiica  fieri 

natiiintiir,  nisi  nterqne  sexus  pariete  medio  dividatiir ;  et  <|intin  in  Ansliam,  inqiiit, 
legationis  causa  profectus  essein,  audivi  Mendozam  legutuni  llispauiarum  dicentem, 
turpe  esse  viros  et  foerainas,  ike. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2]  Causes  of  Jealousie.  431 

hut  with  a  partition  between.  He  telletli  moreover,  how  that 
when  he  teas  embassadonr  in  Enrfland,  he  heard  Mendoza, 
the  Spanish  legate,  findinfj  fanlt  with  it,  as  a  Jilthy  custome 
for  vien  and  women  to  sit  promiscuonsly  in  churches  tofiether  : 
but  Dr.  Dale,  the  master  of  the  requests,  told  him  again,  that 
it  was  indeed  a  filth  >j  custome  in  Spain,  where  theif  could  not 
contain  themselves  from  lascivious  thoughts  in  their  holy 
places,  hut  not  with  us.  Baronius,  in  his  Annals  out  of  Euse- 
bius,  taxeth  Licinius  tlie  emperour  for  a  decree  of  bis  made  to 
this  effect,  jubens  ne  viri  simul  cum  mulierihus  in  ecclesia 
interessent :  for  being*  prodigiously  naught  himself,  aliorum 
naturam  ex  sua  vitiosd  mente  spectavit,  he  so  esteemed  others. 
But  we  are  far  fromany  such  strange  conceits,  and  will  permit 
our  wives  and  daughters  to  go  to  the  taverne  with  a  friend,  as 
Aubanus  saith,  modo  absit  lascivia,  and  suspect  nothing- ;  to 
kiss  comming  and  going,  which  as  Erasmus  writes  in  one  of  his 
epistles,  they  cannot  endure.  England  is  a  paradise  for  wo- 
men, and  hell  for  horses:  Italy  a  paradise  for  horses,  hell  for 
women  as  the  diverbe  goes.  Some  make  a  question  whether 
this  headstrong  passion  rage  more  in  women  then  men,  as 
Montagne  /.  3.  But  sure  it  is  more  outragious  in  women,  as 
all  other  melancholy  is,  by  reason  of  the  weakness  of  their 
sexe.  Scabger,  Poet.  lib.  cap.  13.  concludes  against  women. 
^  Besides  their  inconstancy^  treachery,  suspition,  dissimulation, 
superstition,  pride,  (for  all  women  are  by  nature  proud)  desire 
of  soveraignty,  if  they  be  great  women  (he  gives  instance  in 
Juno)  bitterness  and  jealousie  are  the  most  remarkable  af- 
fections. 

*  Sed  neque  fulvus  aper  media  tarn  fulvus  in  ira  est, 
Fulmineo  rapidos  dum  rotat  ore  canes, 
Nee  leo,  &c. 

Tyger,  bore,  bear,  viper,  lioness, 
A  womans  fury  cannot  express. 

'=  Some  say  red-headed  women,  pale-coloured,  black-eye    and 
of  a  shril  voice,  are  most  subject  to  jealousie. 

«i  High  colour  in  a  woman  choler  shews, 
Naught  are  they,  peevish,  proud,  malicious; 
But  worst  of  all,  red,  shril,  and  jealous. 


aldea."  Miilieres  prfeterquam  quod  sunt  infif^iP,  suspicaces,  inconstantes,  insidiosae, 
simulatrices,  superstitioSR",  etsi  potentes,  intolerabiles,  amore  zelotypae  supra  modnni. 
b  Ovid.  -2.  de  art  -^  Bartello.  J  R.  T. 


432  Love-Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

Comparisons  are  odious ;  I  neither  parallel  them  with  others, 
iu)r  tlebase  thera  any  more  :  men  and  women  are  both  bad, 
and  too  subject  to  this  pernicious  infirmity.  It  is  most  part  a 
symptome  and  cause  of  melancholy,  as  Plater  and  Valescus 
teacli  us  :  melancholy  men  are  apt  to  be  jealous,  and  jealous 
apt  to  be  melancholy. 

*  Pale  jealousie,  child  of  insatiate  love, 
Of  heart-sick  thoui^hts  which  melancholy  bred, 
A  hell-tormenting  feare,  no  faith  can  move, 
By  discontent  with  deadly  poyson  fed  ; 
With  headless  youth  and  errour  vainly  led. 
A  mortall  plague,  a  vertue  drowning  floode, 
A  hellish  fire,  not  quenched  but  with  bloud. 

If  idleness  concurr  with  melancholy,  such  persons  are  most 
apt  to  be  jealous ;  'tis  ^  Nevisanus""  note,  An  idle  ttioman  is  pre- 
sumed to  he  lascivious,  and  often  jealous.  Mulier  cum  sola 
cof/itat,  male  cogitat :  and  'tis  not  unlikely,  for  they  have  no 
other  business  to  trouble  their  heads  with. 

More  particular  causes  be  these  that  follow.  Impotency 
first,  when  a  man  is  not  able  of  himselfe  to  performe  those  dues 
Avhich  he  oug-ht  unto  his  wife :  for  though  he  be  an  honest 
liver,  hurt  no  man,  yet  Trebius  the  lawyer  may  make  a  ques- 
tion, ansuum  cuique  tribuat^  whether  he  gave  every  one  their 
owne ;  and  therefore,  when  he  takes  notice  of  his  wants,  and 
perceives  her  to  be  more  craving,  clamorous,  unsatiable  and 
prone  to  lust  then  is  fit,  he  begins  presently  to  suspect,  that 
wherein  he  is  defective,  she  will  satisfie  her  selfe,  she  will  be 
pleased  by  some  other  meanes.  CorneliusGallushath  elegantly 
expressed  this  humour  in  an  epigram  to  his  Lycoris. 

Jamque  alios  juvenes  aliosque  requirit  amores. 
Me  vocat  imbellem  decrepitumque  senem,  &c.  "* 

For  this  cause  is  most  evident  in  old  men,  that  are  cold  and 
drye  by  nature,  and  married  succipleuis,  to  yong  wanton  wives. 
With  old  doting  Janivere  in  Chaucer,  they  begin  to  mistrust 
all  is  not  well  : 

^iji  tDai0  i)on5  anU  ift  InaiJ  oto,  y 

Qnti  tibcrcfort  jbe  fcartH  to  Jjc  a  furfeoXtJ. 

And  how  should  it  otherwise  be?  Old  age  is  a  disease  of  it 
self,  loathsome,  full  of  suspition  and  feare  ;  when  it  is  at  best, 
imable,   unfit  for  such  matters.     '^  Tarn  apta  nuptiis  quam 


«R.  T.  ^  Lib.  2.  num.  K.    Muliei  oliosn  facile  pruosauiitur  liixuriosa,  et 

ssepe  zelolypa.  <:'Lib.  2.  ouui.  4. 


Mem.  I.  Subs.  2.]      Causes  qf  Jealousie.  433 

hruma  messibus,  as  welcome  to  a  yongf  woman  as  snow  in  bar- 
vesf,  saith  Nevisanus  :  Et  si  capis  juvenculam.facit  iibi  cor- 
nua.  Many  a  lusty  maid  and  she  will  surely  graft  homes  on 
thy  head.  ""  All  women  are  slippery^  often  mifmthfull  to  their 
husbands,  (as  iEneas  Silvius  epist.  38.  seconds  him)  bnt  to  old 
men  most  treacherous  of  all :  they  had  rather  mortem  amplex- 
arier,  lye  with  a  corse  then  such  a  one.  ''  Oderunt  ilium  pueri, 
contemnnnt  viulieres.  On  the  other  side,  many  men,  saith 
Hieronymus,  are  suspitious  of  their  wives,  <=  if  they  be  lightly 
given,  but  old  folkesab  >ve  the  rest.  In  so  much  thatshe  did 
not  complain  witliout  a  cause,  in  ^  Apuleius,  of  an  old,  bald, 
beriddcn  kr.ave  she  had  to  her  good  man.  Poor  woman  as  1 
am,  tchat  shall  I  doe  ?  I  have  an  old  grim  sire  to  my  husband, 
as  bald  as  a  coute,  as  little  and  as  unable  as  a  childe,  a  bedfull 
of  bones,  he  keeps  all  the  doores  barred  and  loched  upon  me: 
tco  is  me,  ivhat  shall  I  doe  ?  He  was  jealous,  and  she  made 
him  a  cuckold  for  keeping  her  up.  Suspition  without  a  cause, 
hard  usage  is  able  (i(  it  selfe  to  make  a  woman  flye  out,  that 
was  otherwise  honest. 

<^  plerasqiie  bonas  tractatlo  pravas 

Esse  facit, — 

bad  usage  aggravates  the  matter.  JsTam  quando  mulieres  co- 
fpioscunt  maritum  hoc  advertere^  licentius  peccant,  as  ^  Nevi- 
sanus  holds,  when  a  woman  thinks  her  husband  watcheth  her, 
she  will  sooner  offend  ;  ^liberius peccant,  etp^idor  omnis  abest, 
rough  handling  makes  them  worse  :  as  the  good  M'ife  of  Bathe 
in  Chaucer  brags. 


In  U^  oion  grtasc  3t  maifc  |)im  trie, 
dTov  anger  anXf  iot  bcr j  }talou5t>. 


Of  two  extreames,  this  of  hard  usage  is  the  worst.  'Tis  a 
great  fault  (for  some  men  are  uxorii)  to  be  too  fond  of  their 
wive=,  to  dote  on  them  as  '' senior  Deliro  on  his  Fallace,  to  be 
too  etfeminate  ;  or  as  some  doe,  to  be  sick  for  their  wives, 
breed  cidMren  for  them,  aud  like  the  '■  Tiberini,  lye  in  for  them, 
as  some  birds  hatch  egges  by  turns,  they  do  all  womens  offices. 
Cselius  Rhodiginus  ant.  lect.  lib.  6.  cap.  "^4.  makes  mention  of 


a  Qunm  omnibus  infideles  fcemine,  senibus  infidellssimie.  b  Mimnerrans. 

«ViT  aliqiia  non  impudica,  et  quam  non  suspectam  merito  quia  habeat.  '^  Lib.  5. 

de  aur.  asino.  At  ego  misera,  patre  meo  seniorem  niarituin  uacta  sum,  dein  cucurbita 
calviorem  et  quovis  puero  pumiliorem,  cunctam  domum  seris  et  catenis  obditam  custo- 
dientem.  c  Chaloner.  f  Lib.  4,  n.  80.  g  Ovid.  2.  de  art.  aniandi. 

1'  Every  man  out  of  his  lianiour.  '  Calcagniniis  Apol.     Tiberini  ab  uxorura  partu 

earum  vices  subeunt,  ut  aves  per  vices  incubant,  &c. 

VOL.    II.  F  F 


434  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  3. 

a  fellow  out  of  Seneca,  *  that  was  so  besotted  on  his  wife,  he 
could  not  endure  a  moment  out  of  her  company  ;  he  wore  her 
scarfc,  when  he  went  abroad,  next  his  heart,  and  would  never 
drinke  but  in  that  cup  she  bei^an  first.  We  have  many  such 
fondlings,  that  are  their  wivespackhorses  and  slaves,  (//ffMjr/?f/re 
malum  uaoi'  S7iperans  lirum  suum,a^  the  comical  poet  hath  it, 
there's  no  greatermisery  to  a  man  than  to  let  his  wife  domineer) 
to  carry  her  muffe,  dog-,  and  fan  ;  let  her  weare  the  breeches, 
lay  out,  spende  and  do  what  she  w  ill,  go  and  come,  whither, 
when  she  will,  they  give  consent. 

Here  take  my  muffe  ;  and  do  you  hear,  good  man  ? 
Now  give  me  Pearl,  and  carry  you  my  fan,  &c. 

bposcitpallam,  redimicula,  inanres  ; 

Curie  ;  quid  hie  cessas?  vulgo  vult  ilia  videri. 
Tu  pete  lecticas 

many  brave  and  worthy  men  have  trespassed  in  this  kinde, 
mnltosforas  claros  domestica  hose  destriixit  injamia,  and  many 
noble  senators  and  souldiers  (as '^  Pliny  notes)  have  lost  their 
honour,  in  being  uxorii,  so  sottishly  overruled  by  their  wives. 
And  therefore  Cato,  in  Plutarch,  made  a  bitter  jeste  on  his 
fellow  citizens,  the  Romans,  tee  r/orern  all  the  icorhl  abroad^ 
and  our  icives  at  home  rule  us.  These  offend  in  one  extreame; 
but  toohard  and  too  severe,  are  far  more  offensive  on  the  other. 
As  just  a  cause  may  be,  long  absence  of  either  "party,  when 
they  must  of  necessity  be  much  from  home,  as  lawyers,  phy- 
sicians, marriners,  by  their  professions;  or  otherwise  make 
frivolous  impertinent  journeyes ;  tarry  long  abroad  to  no  pur- 
pose, lye  out  and  are  gadding  still,  upon  small  occasions,  it 
must  needs  yeeld  matter  of  suspition,  when  they  use  their 
wives  unkindly  in  the  mean  time,  and  never  tarry  at  home,  it 
cannot  use  but  ingender  some  such  conceit. 

'^  Uxor,  si  cessas,  amare  te  cogitat 
Aut  tete  amari,  aut  potare,  aut  animo  obsequi, 
Et  tibi  bene  esse  soli,  quum  sibi  sit  male. 

If  thou  be  absent  long,  thy  wife  then  thinks, 
Th'  art  drunk,  at  ease,  or  with  some  pretty  minks, 
'Tis  well  with  thee,  or  else  beloved  of  some. 
Whilst  she,  poor  soule,  doth  fare  full  ill  at  home. 

Hippocrates,  the  physician,  had  a  smack  of  this  disease;  for 
when  he  was  to  go  from  home  as  far  as  Abdera,  and  some 


*  Exitnrns  fascia  nxoris  pectus  alligabat,  nee  momento  prfeseutia  ejus  carere  poterat, 
potumque  uon  hauriebat  uisi  nraegustaftim  labris  ejus.  ''Chaloner. 

'Panegyr.    Trajano.  ''Ttr.  Adelpli.  act.  1.  so.  I. 


Mem.  1.  Siihs.  2.]       Cay.^ps  of  Jealousie.  435 

other  remote  cities  of  Greece,  he  writ  to  liis  friend  Dionysius 
(if  at  least  those  '"  epistles  be  his)  ^  to  oversee  his  loife  in  his 
absence,  (as  Apollo  set  a  raven  to  watch  his  Coronis)  although 
she  lived  in  his  house  icith  her  father  and  mother^  ivhom  he 
knew  wo?ild  have  a  care  of  her ;  yet  that  tcould  not  satisfe 
his  jealousie^  he  vould  have  his  speciall  friend  Dionysius  to 
dwell  i7i  his  house  tvith  her,  all  the  time  of  his  peregrination, 
and  to  observe  her  behaviour,  hoic  she  carried  her  self' in  her 
husbands  absence  ;  and  that  she  did  not  lust  after  other  men. 
"  JFor  a  icoman  had  need  to  have  an  overseer  to  keep  her  ho- 
nest ;  they  are  bad  by  nature,  and  lightly  given  all,  and  if  the}) 
be  not  curbed  in  fime,  as  aji  unproyned  tree,  they  will  be  full 
ofwilde  branches,  and  degenerate  of  a  sudden.  Especially  in 
their  husbands  absence;  thoug^h  one  Lucretia  were  trusty,  and 
one  Penelope,  yet  Clytemnestra  made  Agamemnon  a  cuckold  ; 
and  no  question  there  be  too  many  of  her  conditions.  If  their 
husbands  tarry  too  long-  abroad  upon  unnecessary  business, 
well  ihcy  may  suspect :  or  if  they  run  one  way,  their  wives  at 
home  will  flye  out  another.  Quid  pro  quo.  Or  if  present,  and 
g-ive  them  not  that  content  Avhich  they  ought,  '^primum  in- 
grata;,  mox  invitee  noctes  quce  per  somnum  transiguntur,  they 
cannot  endure  to  lye  alone,  or  to  fastlong-.  ^  Peter  Godfridus, 
in  his  second  book  of  love,  and  sixt  chapter,  hath  a  story  out 
of  S'.  Anthonies  life,  of  a  gentleman,  who  by  that  good  mans 
advise,  Moirld  not  meddle  with  his  wife  in  the  passion  week, 
but  for  his  pains,  she  set  a  pair  of  homes  on  his  head.  Such 
another  he  hath,  out  of  Abstemius,  one  perswaded  a  new  mar- 
ried man,  Ho  forbear  the  three  first  nights,  and  he  should  all 
his  life  time  after  be  fortunate  in  cattle ;  but  his  impatient 
wife  would  not  tarry  so  long:  m'gII  he  might speede  in  cattle; 
but  not  in  children.  Such  a  tale  hath  Heinsius  of  an  impotent 
and  slack  scholler,  a  meere  student,  and  a  friend  of  his,  that 
seeing  by  chance  a  fine  damsel  sing'  and  dance,  would  needs 
marry  her;  the  match  Mas  soon  made,  for  he  was  yong  and 
riche,  genis  grains,  corpore  glabellus,  arte  mnlticins,  etfor- 
tund  opulenUis,    like  that  Apollo  in   ^Apuleius.      The  first 

«Fab.  Calvo  Ravennate  interprete.  hDum  reiliero  domum  meam  habita- 

bis.  et  licet  cum  parentibus  liabitet  hac  mea  peregrinatione,  eani  famen  et  ejus  mores 
observabis  uti  absentia  viri  sui  probe  degat,  nee  alios  vires  cogitet  ant  quffirat.  ^  F(b- 
mina  semper  custode  eget,  qui  se  pndicam  contineat ;  suapte  enini  natura  nequitias 
insitas  habet,  quas  nisi  indies  comprimat,  iit  arbores  stolones  eniittunt,  &c.  ''  Hein- 
sius. "^  Uxor  cojusdam  nobilis  quam  debitum  maritale  sacra  passionis  bebdomada 
non  obtineret,  alterum  adiit.  f  Ne  tribus  prioribus  noctibus  rem  haberet  eum  ea, 
ut  esset  in  pecoribus  fortunatus,  ab  uxore  morse  impatiente,  &c.  s  Totam  noctem 
bene  et  pudice  uemini  molestus  dormiendo  transegit ;  mane  autem  quum  nullius  conscius 
facinoris  sibi  esset,  et  inertia;  piideret,  audisse  se  dicebat  cum  dolore  calculi  solere 
earn  contlictari.  Duo  prcecepta  juris  una  nocte  expressit,  neminein  laeseratet  honeste 
vixerat,  sed  an  suum  cuique  reddidisset,  qu*ri  poterat.  Mucins  opinor  et  Trebatius 
hoc  negassent.  lib.  1. 

F  F    2 


436  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

night,  Iiavino;-  liborally  taken  his  liquor   (as  in  that  countrcy 
thoy  do)  my  fine  schollcr  Mas  so  fusletl,  that  he  no  sooner  was 
laicl  in  bod,  but  lie  fell  fast  asleep,  never  waked  till  morning-, 
an«l  then  niucli  abashed,  purpvreis  J'ormosa  rosis  cum  Aurora 
ruheret^  when  the  faire  morn  with  purple  hew  'gan  shine,  he 
made  an  excuse,  1  know  not  what,  out  of  Hippocrates  Cous, 
&c.  and  for  that  time  it  went  currant;  but  when,  as  afterward, 
he  did  not  play  the  man  as  he  should  do,  she  fell  in  league  with 
a  good  fellow,  and  whil'st  he  sate  up  late  at  his  study  about 
those  criticismes,  mendingsome  hard  places  in  Festus  or  Pollux, 
came  cold  to  bed,  and  -would  tell  her  still  what  he  had  done, 
she  did  not  much  regard  what  he  said,  &c-     "^  Shee  would 
have  another  matter  mended  much  rather^  which  he  did  not 
perceive  was  corrupt :  thus  he  continued  at  his  study  late,  she 
at  her  sport,  alihi  enim  Jestivas  noctes   agitabat.  hating  all 
schollers  for  his  sake,  tilt  at  length  he  began  to  suspect,  and 
turned  a  little  yellow,  as  well  he  might;  for  it  was  his  owne 
fault;  and  if  men  be  jealous  in  such  cases  (''as  oft  it  falls  out) 
the  mends  is  in  their  owne  hands;  they  must  thank  themselves. 
AV'ho  will  pitie  them,  saith  Neander,  or  be  much  offended  with 
such  wives,  si  decepta;  prius  viros  decipiant^  et  cornutos  red- 
dant,  if  they  deceive  those  that  cozened  them  first  ?     A  law- 
yers wife  in'^Aristsenetus,  because  her  husband  was  negligent 
in  bis  business,  quando  lecto  danda  opera,  threatned  to  cor- 
nute  him;  and  did  not  stick  to  tell  Philinna  one  of  her  gossips 
as  much,  and  tliat  aloud  for  him  to  hear:  J  f  he  follow  other 
mens  matters,  and  leave  his  otcn,  Vll  have  an  orator  shall  plead 
my  cause  ;  1  care  not  if  he  know  it. 

A  fourth  eminent  cause  of  jealousie,  may  be  this,  when  he 
that  is  deformed,  and  as  Pindarus  says  of  Vulcan,  sine  y  rat  its 
natus,  hirsute,  ragged,  yet  vertuously  given,  will  marry  some 
very  faire  nice  peece,  or  light  huswife,  begins  to  misdoubt  (as 
well  he  may)  she  doth  not  affect  hitn.  '^  Lis  est  cum  forma 
magnapudicitia; ;  beautie  and  honesly  have  ever  been  at  oddes. 
Abraham  was  jealous  of  his  wife  because  she  was  faire :  so  was 
Vulcan  of  his  Venus,  when  he  made  her  creeking  shooes,  saitii 
*  Philostratus,  ne  mcecJiaretur,  sandalio  scilicet  deferente,  that 
he  might  hear,  by  them,  when  she  stirred  ;  which  Mars  indigne 
forre/w^s  not  well  pleased  with.  Good  cause  had  Vulcan  to 
does  he  did,  forshe  was  no  honestcr  then  she  should  be.  Your 
fine  faces  have  commonly  this  fault,  and  it  is  harde  to  finde,  saith 


a  Alterias  loci  ^inendatkioem  serto  uptabat,  quern  roiTU|ituiu  ^esse  ille  non  invenit 
bSuch  anoUier  tele  is  in  Neander  *lr  Jocosariis  his  first  taJe.         "  c  Lib.  2.  Ep.  .3. 

Si  permit  n'Jenia  aefiolVis  op.-nun  dart»,  sni  npgligcns,  erit  alios  mihi  orator  qui   rem 
iiM?ajnagat.  ''Ovid.    Kara  est  concordin  Jormji  atjne  juidiciti;?.  '"Epist, 

fQuod  striiieret  ejus  calceamentum. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]      Causes  of  Jealousie.  437 

Francis  Philelphus,  in  an  epistle  to  Saxola  his  friend,  a  rich 
man  honest,  a  proper  woman  not  proud  or  unchast.  Can  she 
he  f  aire  honest  too  ? 

^  Ssepe  eteuini  occuluit  picla  sase  Hydra  sub  herba, 
Sub  specie  formae,  incauto  se  saepe  marito 
iSequam  animus  vendit, 

He  that  marries  a  wife  that  is  snout-faire  alone,  let  him  look, 
saith  ''Barbarus,  for  no  better  successe  then  Vulcan  had  with 
Venus,  or  Claudius  with  Messalina.  And  'tis  impossible  al- 
most in  such  cases,  the  wife  should  containe,  or  the  good  man 
not  be  jealous.  For  when  he  is  so  defective,  weak,  ill  pro- 
portioned, unpleasing'  in  those  parts  which  women  most  affect, 
and  she  most  absolutely  faire  and  able  on  the  other  side,  if  she 
be  not  very  vertuously  given,  how  can  she  love  him  ?  and  al- 
though she  be  not  faire,  yet  if  he  admire  her  and  think  her  so, 
in  his  conceit  she  is  absolute;  he  holds  it  unpossible  for  any 
man  living  not  to  dote  as  he  doth  ;  to  look  on  her  and  not  lust 
or  covet,  and  if  he  be  in  company  with  her,  not  to  lay  siege  to 
her  honestie:  or  else,  out  of  a  deep  apprehension  of  his  infir- 
mities, deformities,  and  other  mens  good  parts,  out  of  his  own 
little  worth  and  desert,  be  distrusts  himseife,  (for  what  is  jea- 
lousie but  distrust  ?  he  suspects  she  cannot  affect  him,  nor  be 
so  kinde  and  loving'  as  she  should  ;  she  certainly  loves  some 
other  man  better  then  himseife. 

"  JSI^evisanus  lib.  4.  rium.  72.  will  have  barrenness  to  be  a 
main  cause  of  jealousie.  If  herhusband  cannot  play  the  man, 
some  other  shall;  they  will  leave  no  remedies  unassayed,  and 
thereupon  the  good  man  gTowes  jealous.  I  could  give  an  in- 
stance, but  be  it  as  it  is. 

I  finde  this  reason  given  by  some  men,  because  they  have 
been  formerly  naught  themselves  ;  they  think  they  may  be  so 
served  by  others;  they  turned  up  trumpe,  befor*  the  cards 
were  shuffled  ;  they  shall  have  therefore  legem  talionis,  like 
for  like. 

d  Ipse  miser  docui,  quo  possel  ludere  pacto 
Custodes,  eheu  nunc  premor  arte  mea! 

Wretch  as  I  was,  I  taught  her  bad  to  be, 
And  now  mine  own  slye  tricks  are  put  on  me. 

Mala  mens,  mains  animus,  as  the  saying  is,  ill  dispositions 
cause  ill  suspitions. 


a  Hor.  epist.  15.               b  De  re  uxoria  lib.  1.  cap.  5.  "^  Cum  steriles  sunt,  ex 

luutatione  viri  se  putant  concipere.     ^  <i  Tibullns  eleg.  6. 


438  Lovc.-Mclancliolii.  [I-;irt.  3.  .Sec.  3. 

a  There  is  none  jealous,  I  durst  pawnc  my  life, 
But  lie  that  hath  dehrd  anothers  v/ife  : 
And  for  tliat  he  himself  hath  gone  astray, 
He  straightway  thinks  his  wife  will  tread  that  waye. 

To  these  t^vo  above  named  causes,  or  incendiaries  of  this  rage, 
J  may  very  well  annex  those  circumstances  of  time,  place, 
persons,  by  which  it  ebbes  and  flowes,  thofewell  of  thisfurie, 
as^'Vives  truly  observes ;  and  suchlike  accidents  or  occa- 
sions proceeding- from  the  parties  themselves,  or  others,  which 
much  aggravate  and  intend  this  suspitious  humour.  For  many 
men  are  so  lasciviously  given,  either  out  of  a  depraved  nature, 
or  too  much  liberty,  which  they  do  assume  unto  themselves, 
by  reason  of  their  greatnesse,  in  that  they  are  noble  men,  (for- 
liccntia  peccandi,  et  multhudo  peccantinm  are  great  motives) 
though  their  own  wives  be  never  so  faire,  noble,  vcrtuous, 
honest,  wise,  able  and  well  given,  they  must  have  change. 

c  Qui  cum  legitimi  junguntur  fosdere  lecti, 
Virtute  egregiis,  facieque  domoque  pueliis, 
Scorta  tamen,  foedasque  lupas  in  Ibrnice  qucerunt, 
Et  per  adulterium  nova  carpere  gaudia  tentent. 

Who  being  raatch'd  to  wives  most  vertuous, 
Noble  and  fair,  fly  out  lascivious. 

Quod  licet  mgratum  est,  that  which  is  ordinary  is  unpleasant. 
Mero  (saith  Tacitus)  abhorred  Octavia  his  own  wife,  a  noble 
vertuous  lady,  and  loved  Acte,  a  base  quean  in  respect.  *'  Ce- 
rjnthus  rejected  Sulpitia,  a  noble  mans  daughter,  and  courted 
a  poor  servant  maid. 

tanta  est  aliena  in  messa  voluptas, 

for  that  "  stolne  icaters  he  more  jileaaanl :  or  as  Vitellius  the 
emperour  was  wont  to  say,  Jncnndiores  amoics,  (jui  cum  peri- 
culo  huhcntur ;  like  stolne  venison,  still  ihe  sweetest  is  that 
love,  which  is  mostdillicultly  attained  :  they  like  belter  to  hunt 
by  steahhe  in  another  mans  walk,  tln.n  to  have  the  fairest 
course  that  may  be,  at  game  of  their  own. 

f  Aspice  ut  in  cceIo  modo  Sol,  niodo  Luna  minislrct, 
Sic  etiam  nobis  una  puella  parum  est. 

As  sun  and  Moone  in  heaven  change  their  course, 
So  they  change  loves,  though  often  to  the  worse. 


Withers  Sat.  ''3.  dp  Aniiiin.     Crescit  nr  tlecrcscit  zelotypiu  ciiin  persoiiis, 

loris,  trmporibtis,  ncf;otiis.  "Alarullus.  '  Tibulliis  Ei>ii;.  tProv.  9.  17. 

'Propert  .eleg.  ",'. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]         Causes  of  Jeulousie.  439 

Or  that  some  faire  object  so  forcibly  moves  them,  they  cannot 
contain  themselves,  be  it  heard  or  seen  they  will  be  at  it. 
^  Nessus  the  Centaure,  was  by  agreement,  to  carry  Hercules 
and  his  wife  over  the  river  Evenus;  no  sooner  had  he  set 
Deianira  on  the  other  side, but  he  would  have  offered  violence 
unto  her,  leaving  Hercules  to  swim  over  as  he  could :  and 
though  her  husband  was  a  spectator,  yet  would  he  not  desist 
till  Hercules  with  a  poysoned  arrow  shot  him  to  death. 
^  Neptune  saw  by  chance  that  Thessalian  Tyro,  Eunippius 
wife;  he  forthwith,  in  the  furie  of  his  lust,  counterfeited  her 
husbands  habit,  and  n^.ade  him  a  cuckold.  Tarquin  heard 
Collatine  commend  his  wife,  and  was  so  far  enraged,  that  in 
midst  of  the  night  to  her  he  went.  ^  Theseus  stole  Ariadne, 
virapnit,  that  Trazenian  Anaxa,  Antiope,  and  now  being  old, 
Helena,  a  girle  not  ready  for  an  husband.  Great  men  are 
most  part  thus  affected  all,  as  an  horse  they  neigh,  saith  "^  Je- 
remiah, after  their  neighbours  wives  ; 

ut  visa  pullus  adhinnit  equa. 

And  if  they  be  in  company  with  other  women,  though  in  their 
own  wives  presence,  they  must  be  courting  and  dallying  with 
them.  Juno,  in  Lucian,  complains  of  Jupiter  that  he  wasstdl 
kissing  Ganymede  before  her  face,  which  did  not  a  little  offend 
her:  and  besides  he  was  a  counterfeit  x^mphytryo,  a  bull,  a 
swan,  a  golden  showre,  and  plaid  many  such  bad  pranks,  too 
long,  too  shameful  to  relate. 

Or  they  care  little  for  their  own  ladies,  and  fear  no  lawes, 
they  dare  freely  keep  whores  at  their  wives  noses.  'Tis  too 
frequent  with  noblemen  to  be  dishonest ;  pietas,probitas,  fides, 
privata  bona  sunt,  as  "^hesaid  long-  since;  piety,  chastit}^,  and 
such  like  vertues,  are  for  private  men  :  not  to  be  much  looked 
after  in  great  courts;  and  what  Suetonius  said  of  the  good 
princes  of  his  time,  they  might  be  all  engraven  in  one  ring,  we 
may  truely  hold  of  chast  potentates  of  our  age.  For  great  per- 
sonages will  familiarly  run  out  in  this  kinde,  and  yeeld  occa- 
sion of  offence.  ^Montague,  in  his  essayes,  gives  instance  in 
CjEsar,  Mahomet  the  Turke,  that  sacked  Constantinople,  and 
Ladislaus  king  of  Naples,  that  besieged  Florence  :  great  men, 
and  great  souldiers,  are  commonly  great,  &c.  probatnm  est, 
they  are  good  doers.  Mars  and  Venus  are  equally  ballanced 
in  their  actions. 

sMilitis  in  galea  nidum  fecere  columbse, 
Apparet  Marti  quam  sit  arnica  Venus. 

a  Ovid.  lib.  9.  Met.     Pausanias,  Strabo.    Quiiin  crevit  imbribus  hyeraalibus,  Deiani- 
ram  siiscipit,  Hercuiem  nando  sequi  jubet.  ''Lucian.  torn.  4.  '^^ Plutarch. 

J  Cap.  5.  8.  f  Seneca.  f  Lib.  2.  cap.  23.  g  Petronius  Catal. 


440  Love-Mtlancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

A  dove  within  a  head-piece  made  her  nest, 
'Twixt  Mars  and  Venus  see  an  interest. 

Especially  if  they  be  bald,  for  bald  men  have  ever  been  siis- 
pitious  (rcade  more  in  Aristotle  sect.  4.  prob.  19)  as  Galba, 
Otho,  Domitian,  and  remarkable  Caisar  amongst  the  rest. 
*  Urbcpii,  servate  uxores,  moec'ium  calvum  adducimvs;  besides, 
this  bald  CcCsar, saith  Cureo  xn^ueion,  w^fiomn'mmmuliervm 
vir ;  he  made  love  to  Eunoe  queen  of  Mauritania,  to  Cleopatra, 
to  Posthumia  wife  toSergius  Sulpitius,  to  Lollia  wife  to  Gabi- 
nius,  to  TertuMa  of  Crassus,  and  to  Mutia  Pompeys  wife  ;  and 
I  know  not  how  many  besides.  And  Mell  he  might,  for  if  all 
be  true  that  I  have  reade,  he  had  a  licence  to  lye  with  whom 
he  list.  Inter  alios honores  Cccsari  decretos (as  Sueton.  cap.  52. 
deJnlio,  and  Dion  lib.  44.  relate)  / Mi"  illi  datitm,  cum  ([uibus- 
cnniiuefceviinis  se Jungendi.  Every  private  history  will  yeeld 
such  variety  of  instances;  otherwise  good,  wise,  discreet  men, 
vertuoiis  and  valiant,  but  too  faulty  in  this.  Priamus  had  fifty 
sons,  but  seventeen  alone  laAvfully  begotten.  ''Philippusbonus 
left  fourteen  bastards.  Laurence  JMedices,  a  good  prince  and 
a  wise,  but,  saith  '^Machiavel,  prodigiously  lascivious.  None 
so  valiant  as  Castruccius  Castrucanus,  but  as  the  said  author 
hath  it,  •^  none  so  incontinent  as  he  was.  And  'tis  not  only 
predominant  in  grandies,  thisfault;  but  ifyou  will  take  agreat 
manstestimony, 'tis  familiar  with  every  basesouldierin  France, 
(and  elsewhere  I  think)  This  vice  (saith  "  mine  author)  is  so 
comvioii  with  ns  in  France,  that  he  is  of  no  accornpt,  a  nicer 
coward,  not  worthy  the  name  oj" a  soiildier,  that  is  not  a  noto- 
rious whore-master.  In  Italy,  he  is  not  a  genilemuii,that  be- 
sides his  wife  hath  not  a  courtisan  and  a  misiress.  'Tis  no 
marvail  then,  if  poore  women  in  such  cases  be  jealous,  when 
they  shall  see  tlieniselves  manifestly  neglected,  contemned, 
loathed,  unkindly  used  ;  their  disloyal  husbands  to  entertain 
others  in  their  rooms,  and  many  times  to  court  ladies  to  their 
faces;  other  mens  wives  to  wear  their  jewels:  how  shall  a 
poore  woman  in  such  a  case  moderate  her  passions  ? 

fQuis  tibi  nunc,  Dido,  ccrnenti  taliasensus? 

How  oji  the  other  side  shall  a  poore  man  contain  himself 
from  this  feral  maladie,  when  he  shall  see  so  manifest  signes 
of  his  wives  inconstancy?  when  as,  like  Milos  wife,  she  dotes 
upon  every  yong-  man  she  sees;  or  as  siVlartials  Sota, 

»  Sneton.  •'  Pontiis  Ilenti  r  vita  ejus.  c  Lib.  8.  Flor.  liist.  Dux 

oniiiiiini  oj-titnus  et  aapientissiiiius,  set!  in  re  venerea  prodiiciosus.  ■'  Vita 

Castriicci.     Ideui  iixores  niaritis  abalienavil.  eSesillius  lib.  2.  cle  repub.  Gallo- 

rum.     Ita  mine  apud  iniiino.s  i)btinuit  lioc  vitinin,  lit  niillius  fere  pretii  sit,  et  ignavus 
niilt.s,  qui  uon  in  acortatione  uiaxiiae  excellat,  et  adulterio.  f  Virg.    /En.  4. 

KEpig.  y.  lib.  4. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]         Causes  of  Jealousie.  441 

.deserto  sequitur  Clltum  marilo. 


Though  her  husband  be  proper  and  tall,  faire  and  lovely  to 
behold,  able  to  give  contentment  to  any  one  woman,  yet  she 
will  taste  of  the  forbidden  fruit :  Juvenals  Iberina  to  an  hair, 
she  is  as  well  pleased  with  one  eye,  as  one  man.  If  a  yong 
gallant  come  by  chance  into  her  presence,  a  fastidious  brisk, 
that  can  weare  his  cloths  well  in  fashion,  with  a  locke,  gin- 
gling  spur,  a  feather,  that  can  cringe,  and  withal  complement, 
court  a  gentlewoman,  she  raves  upon  him,  0  ichat  a  lovehj 
proper  man  he  ivas,  another  Hector,  an  Alexander,  a  goodly 
man,  a  demi-god,  how  sweetly  he  carried  hixnselfe,  with  how 
comely  a  grace,  sic  oculos,  sic  illemanus,  sic  oraferehat,  how 
neatly  he  did  weare  his  cloaths  ! 

^  Quam  sese  ore  ferens,  quam  forti  pectore  et  arrais  ! 

how  bravely  did  he  discourse,  ride,  sing  and  dunce,  &c.  and 
then  she  begins  to  loathe  her  husband,  repnf/nans  osculatur, 
to  hate  him  and  his  filfhie  beard,  his  goatish  complexion,  as 
Doris  said  of  Polyphemus,  ^  Totus  cjni  saniem,  totus  ut  hircus 
del,  he  is  a  rammy  fulso:ne  fellow,  a  goblin  faced  fellow,  he 
smels,  he  stinkes, 

Et  cepas  simul  alliumque  rue  tat —        . 


si  quando  ad  thalanmm,  S^c.  how  like  a  dizard,  a  foole,  an  asse 
he  looks,  how  like  a  clowue  he  behaves  himselfe!  'she  will 
not  come  neer  him  by  her  good  Vvili,  but  wholly  rejects  him, 
as  Venus  did  her  fuliginous  Vulcan,  at  last, 

Nee  Deus  huuc  mensa,  Dea  nee  dignata  cubili  est. 

So  did  Lucretia  a  lady  of  Senes,  after  she  had  but  seen  Euriahis, 
ill  Enrialum  totaferehaiur,  domum  reversa,  ^c.  she  would  not 
hold  her  eys  oft"  him  in  his  presence. 

•'Tantum  egregio  decus  enitet  ore, 

and  in  his  absence  could  think  of  none  but  him,  odit  viruin 
she  loaihed  her  husband  forthwith,  might  not  abide  him. 

eEt  conjngalis  negligens  tori,  viro 
Prsesente,  acerbo  nauseat  fastidio. 

All  against  the  lawes  of  matrimony, 
She  did  abhor  her  husbands  phisnomy, 

and  sought  ail  opportunity  to  see  her  sweet-heart  again.  Now 
when  the good  man  shall  observehis  wife  so  lightly  given,  to  he 

«  Virg  J:  jEn.  •)  Secuudus  syl.  <^  -Eneas  Sylvius.  <i  Virg.  4.  -En. 

c  3.  Grecco  .SimoniiliH. 


442  Lovc'Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

sofrfc,fHidf(imtHnru'ith  cvpni  f/a/lanL,  her  immodesti/  and  ican- 
lonucss,  (as  '  Camerarius  notes)  it  must  needs  yeeld  matter  of 
suspitioii  to  liiiii,  when  she  still  |)ranks  up  herself  beyond  her 
nieaues  and  fortunes,  makes  impertinent  journeys,  unnecessary 
visitations,  staies  out  so  long-,  ^vithsuch  and  such  companions, 
so  frequently  goes  to  playes,  masks,  feasts,  and  all  publique 
meetinos,  shall  use  such  innuodest  ''gestures,  free  speeches, 
and  withal  shew  some  distast  of  her  own  husband  ;  how  can 
lie  chuse,  thoui>h  he  were  another  Socrates,  but  be  suspitious, 
and  instantly  jealous  ? 

c  Socraticas  tandem  faciet  transcendere  metas  : 
More  especially,  when  he  shall  take  notice  of  their  uu)re  secret 
and  slye  tricks,  which  to  cornute  their  husbands  they  com- 
monly use,  (dnm  /talis,  hidos  Jucc  tefacit)  they  pretend  love, 
honour,  chastity,and  seem  torespect  them  beforeall  men  living, 
saints  in  shew,  so  cunningiy  can  they  dissemble,  they  will  not 
so  much  as  look  upon  another  man,  in  his  presence;  ''so  chast, 
so  religious,  and  so  devout,  they  cannot  endure  the  name  or 
sight  of  a  fjuean,  an  harlot,  out  upon  Ijer  !  and  in  their  out- 
ward carriage  are  most  loving  and  ofhcious,  will  kiss  their 
husband,  and  hang  about  his  neck,  (dear  husband, sweet  hus- 
band) and  with  a  composed  countenance,  salute  him,  especi- 
ally when  he  comes  home,  or  if  he  go  from  hoine  ;  wecj),  sigh, 
lament,  and  take  upon  them  to  be  .;ick  and  swoune,  (like  Jo- 
cundos  wife  in  "^Ariosto,  v/hen  her  husband  was  to  depart) 
and  yet  arrant,  &c.  they  care  not  for  him. 

Aye  me,  the  thoug-ht  (quoth  she)  makes  rae  so  fraid, 

That  scarse  the  breath  abideth  in  my  brest ; 

Peace,  my  sweet  love  and  wife,  Jocuiido  said, 

And  weeps  as  fast,  and  comforts  her  his  best,  &c. 

All  this  mi;^ht  not  asswage  the  womans  pain  : 

Need  must  I  dye  before  you  come  again, 

Nur  huw  to  keep  my  life  I  can  devise ; 

Tiie  doleful  dayes  and  nights  I  shall  sustain, 

From  meat  my  mouth,  from  sleep  will  keep  miue  cys,  &c. 

That  very  night,  that  went  before  the  morrow, 

That  he  had  pointed  surely  to  depart, 

Jocundos  wife  was  sick,  and  swoun'd  for  sorrow 

Amid  his  amies,  so  heavy  was  her  heart. 

And  yet  for  all  these  counterfeit  tears  and  protestations,  Jo- 
cundo  coming  back  in  all  haste,  for  a  jewell  lie  had  forgot, 


''  Cont.  2.  CR.  38.  oper.  subcis.  Miiiieris  libcrius  ei  familiarius  comniunicanti  cum 
omnibus  lice ntia  et  immodestia  sinistri  sernionis  et  .suspicionis  inatei°i:ini  \iro  pra'het. 
'' V'ocps  liberie,  oculonini  coiioquia,  coiKrectaticiit's  paruiii  verccuiiihi',  niotiis  immo- 
«lici,  &c.  tleiiisius.  ■■  Chaloiier.  <i  What  is  here  said,  is  uot  prejudicial 

to  honest  women.  ^  Lib.  2S.  sc.  ]3. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]  Causes  of  Jealousie.  443 

His  chast  and  yoke-fellow  he  t'omid, 

Yok't  with  a  knave,  all  honesty  neglected  ; 

Th'  adulterer  sleeping  very  sound, 

Yet  by  his  face  was  easily  detected  : 

A  beggars  brat  bred  by  him  from  his  cradle, 

And  now  was  riding  on  his  masters  saddle. 

Thus  can  they  cunningly  counterfeit,  as  ^Platina  describes 
their  customes,  kiss  their  husbands,  whom  they  had  rather  see 
hanffinfj  on  the  gallowes  ;  and  swear  they  love  him  dearer  then 
their  own  lives,  tchose  soide  they  icould  not  ransomejor  their 
little  dogs  ; 

similis  si  permiitatio  detur, 

Morte  viri  cupiunt  animam  servare  catellse. 

Many  of  them  seem  to  be  precise  and  holy  forsooth,  and  will  go 
to  such  a  '^church,  to  hear  such  a  good  man,  by  all  meanes,  an 
excellent  inan,  when  'tis  for  no  other  intent  (as  he  followes  it) 
then  to  see  and  to  be  seen,  to  observe  what  fashions  are  in  use, 
to  meet  same  pander,  bawde,  monk,  frier,  or  to  eniise  some 
f/oodfelloic.  For  (hey  pers\^ade  themselves,  as  ^  Nevisanus 
shews,  that  it  is  neither  sin  nor  shame  to  lye  with  a  lord  or  a 
parish  priest,  if  he  be  a  proper  man  :  '^  and  though  she  kneele 
often,  and  pray  devoutly,  'tis  (saith  Piatina)  not  for  her  hus- 
bands we/fare,  or  childrens  good,  or  any  J'riend,  but  for  her 
sweet  hearts  return,  her  panders  health.  If  her  husband  would 
have  her  go,  she  fains  her  self  sick,  ^  et  simulat  subito  condo- 
luisse  caput :  her  head  akes,  and  she  cannot  stir  :  but  if  her 
paramour  ask  as  much,  she  is  for  him  in  all  seasons,  at  all 
houres  of  the  night,  '^in  the  kingdome  of  3ialabar,  and  about 
Goa  in  the  East-Indies,  the  women  are  so  subtiie,  that  with  a 
certain  drink  they  give  them  to  drive  away  cares  as  they  say, 
"  they  will  make  them  sleep  for  twenty  foure  houres,  or  so  in- 
toxicate them,  that  they  can  remember  naught  of  that  they  saw 
done,  or  heard,  and  by  washing  of  their  feet,  restore  them 
again,  and  so  make  their  husbands  cuckolds  to  their  faces. 
Some  are  ill  disposed  at  all  times,  to  all  persons  they  like, 
others  more  wary  to  some  few,  at  such  and  such  seasons  ;  as 

a  Dial,  amor-  Pentlet  fallax  et  blanda  circa  oscula  mariti,  quern  in  cruce,  si  fieri 
posset,  deosculari  velit,  Illius  vitain  cariorem  esse  sua  jurejuraado  afBrmat :  quern 
ceite  non  redimeret  aninia  catelli  si  posset  i"  Adeaut  teinplum  ut  rem  divinam 

aiidiant,  nt  ipsis  simulant,  sed  vel  ut  monachum  fratrem,  vel  adulteruni  lingua,  oculis, 
ad  Hbidinem  provocent.  '^  Lib.  4.  num.  81.     Ipsje  sibi  persuadent,  quod 

adulterium  cum  principe  vel  cum  prsesule  non  est  pudor,  nee  peccatuni,  "iDeum 

rogat,  nou  pro  salute  mariti,  fiiii,  ccgnati  vota  suscipit,  sed  pro  reditu  mcechi  si  abest, 
pro  ialetudine  lenonis  si  aegrotat.  <^Tibnllus.  i  Ootardus  .\rtus  descript. 

Indiffi  Orieut.  Linchoften.  5  Garcias  ab  Horto  hist  lib.  2.  cap.  24.     Daturam 

nerbain  vocat  et  describit.  Tarn  proclives  sunt  ad  venerem  mulieres,  ut  viros  inebrient 
per  2-t  boras,  liquwe  quodani,  ut  nihil  videant,  recordentur,  at  dormiant  ;  et  post 
lotionem  pedum,  ad  se  restituunt,  &c. 


444  Love-Melanckolij.  [Part.  3,  Sec.  3. 

Auo-usta,  Livia,  non  7iisi  plead  navivectorem  tollehat.  But  as 
he  said, 

a  No  pen  could  write,  no  tongue  attain  to  tell. 
By  force  of  eloquence,  or  help  of  art, 
Of  womens  treacheries  the  hundredth  part. 

Both,  to  say  truth,  are  often  faulty;  men  and  women  give  just 
occasions  in  this  humor  of  discontent,  ag-gravate  and  yeeld 
matter  of  suspition  :  but  most  part  of  the  chief  causes  proceed 
from  other  adventitious  accidents  and  circumstances,  though 
the  parties  be  free,  and  both  well  given  themselves.  The  un- 
discreet  carriage  of  some  lascivious  gallant  (et  e  contra  of  some 
light  Avoman)  by  his  often  frequenting  of  an  house,  bold  un- 
seemly gestures,  may  make  a  breach,  and  by  his  over  fami- 
liarity, if  he  be  inclined  to  yellowness,  colour  him  quite  out.  If 
he  be  poor,  bfisely  born,  saith  Benedetto  Varchi,  and  otherwise 
unhandsome,  he  suspects  him  the  lesse ;  but  if  a  proper  man, 
suchaswasAlcibiades  in  Greece,  and  CastrucciusCastrucanus 
in  Italy,  well  descended,  commendable  for  his  good  parts,  he 
taketli  on  the  more,  and  watcheth  his  doings.  ''Thecdosius  the 
emperour,gave  his  wife  Eudoxia  a  golden  apple  when  he  was 
a  suiter  to  her,  which  she  long  alter  bestowed  upon  ayong  gal- 
lant in  the  court,  of  her  especial!  acquaintance.  The  emperour, 
espying  this  apple  in  his  band,  suspected  forthwith,  more  then 
Avas,  his  wives  dishonesty,  banished  him  the  court,  and  from 
that  day  following  forbare  to  accompany  her  any  more.  '^  A 
rich  merchant  had  a  faire  wife  ;  according  to  his  custome,  he 
went  to  travell ;  in  his  absence  a  good  fellov,'  tempted  his  wife; 
she  denied  him;  yet  he  dying  a  little  after,  gave  her  a  legacy 
for  the  love  he  bore  her.  At  his  return,  her  Jealous  husband, 
because  she  had  got  more  by  land  than  he  had  done  at  sea, 
turned  her  away  upon  suspition. 

Now  w  hen  those  other  circumstances  of  time  and  place,  op- 
portunity and  importunity  shall  concurre,  what  will  they  not 
eflect  ? 

Faire  opportunitie  can  win  the  coyest  she  that  is. 

So  wisely  he  takes  time,  as  hee'll  be  sure  he  will  not  miss : 

Then  he  that  loves  her  gamesome  vein,   and  tempers  toyes  with 

art, 
Brings  love  that  swimmeth  in  her  eys,  to  dive  into  her  heart. 

As  at  playes,  masks,  great  feasts  and  banquets,  one  singles  out 
his  wife  to  dance,  another  courts  her  in  his  presence,  a  third 
tempts  her,  a  fourth  insinuates  with  n  pleasing  complement,  a 
sweet  smile,  ingratiates  himself  with  an  amphibological  speech, 

<  Ariosto,  lib.  28.  st.  75.  ^  Lipsius  Poiit.  <  Sintca  lib.  2.  contror.  8. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]         Causes  of  Jealousie.  445 

as  that  merry  companion  in  the  ^satyrist  did  to  his  Glycerium, 
adsidens  et  interiorem  palman  amabUlter  concutiens, 

Quod  meus  hortus  habet,  sumas  impune  licebit, 
Si  dideris  nobis  quod  tuus  hortus  habet, 

with  many  such,  &c.  and  then  as  he  saith, 

b  ^^c  ina»  no  Irljilc  i\\  t^^^titv  afiilff , 
Cijat  t»  a55ai3J  on  tberi)  siHr. 

For  after  a  great  feast, 

c  Vino  ssepe  suum  nescit  arnica  vinim. 

JVoah  (saith  ^  Hierome)  shelved  his  nakedness  in  his  drunken- 
ness, ichich  for  six  hundred  yeers  he  had  covered  in  soberness. 
Lot  lay  with  his  daughters  in  his  drink,  as  Cyneras  with 
Myrrh  a, 

« quid  enim  Venus  ebria  curat  ? 

The  most  continent  may  be  overcome,  or  if  otherwise  they 
keep  bad  company,  they  that  are  modest  of  themselves,  and 
dare  not  offend,  confirmed  hy  ^  others,  grow  impudent,  and 
conjident,  and  rjet  an  ill  habit. 

s  Alia  quaestAs  gratia  raatrimoniura  corrumpit, 
Alia  peccans  multas  vult  morbi  habere  socias. 

Or  if  they  dwell  in  suspected  places,  as  in  an  infamous  inne, 
neer  some  stewes,  neer  monkes,  friers,  Nevisanus  addes,  where 
be  many  tempters  and  solliciters,  idle  persons  fliat  frequent 
their  companies,  it  may  give  just  cause  of  suspition.  Martial 
of  old  enveighed  against  them  that  counterfeited  a  disease  to 
go  to  the  bath ;  for  so,  many  times, 

relicto 

Conjuge  Penelope  venit,  abit  Helena. 

^Eneas  Silvius  puts  in  a  caveat  against  princes  courts,  because 
there  be  tot  formosi  jwejies  qui  promittunt ;  so  many  brave 
suiters  to  tempt,  &c.  ^  If  you  leave  her  in  such  a  place,  you 
shall  likely  Jinde  her  in  company  you  like  not;  either  they  come 
to  her,  or  she  is  gone  to  them.  ^  Kornmannus  makes  a  doubt- 
ing jest  in  his  lascivious  countrey,  Virginis  illibata  censeatur 
ne  castitas  ad  quam  frequenter  accedant   scholares  ?     And 

a  Bodicher.  Sat.  b  Chancer.  c  Tibullus.  <J  Epist.  85.  ad  Oceannm.  Ad 

nnius  horse  ebrietatem  nudat  femora,  qose  per  sexcentos  annos  sobrietate  contexerat. 
« Juv.  Sat.  13.  f  Nihil  audent  prime,  post  ab  aliis  confirmatse,  audaces  et  confi- 

dentes  sunt,  nbi  serael  verecundiae  limites  traDsierint.  ? Euripides, 

^  De  raiser,  curialium.  Aut  alium  cuui  ea  invenies.  ant  isse  alium  reperies.  '  Cap. 
18.  de  Virg. 


44n  Love-Melanchofi/.  [Part.  3.  Soc.  :3. 

Bnldiis,  t]u)  lawyer,  scoH>j  on,  quum  srhoinris,  iufpiif^  loquilur 
rxm  puclld,  uon  prcc^t/nn'ifnr  e't  dicrrr,  pater  noster ;  u'lieii  a 
schollor  talkes  nitli  a  maid,  or  aiiollior  mans  wife  in  private, 
it  is  presumed  ho  saitli  not  n pater  iioster.  Or  iC  1  shall  sec  a 
monke  orfrierclimbe  up  by  a  ladder  at  midnioht  into  a  virgins 
or  widdowes  chamber  window,  I  shall  hardly  think  he  then 
goes  to  administer  the  sacraments,  or  to  take  her  confession. 
These  are  the  ordinary  causes  of  jealousie,  which  are  intended 
or  remitted  as  the  circumstances  vary. 


MEMB.  II.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Si/juptomesof  Jenfnrisir;  J'ea.r,sor  row,. m^piiio7i,stranf/e  art  ions, 
f/estnres,  outrayes,  lockin(/-iip,  oathes,  trials,  lawes,  Sj-c. 

\JF  all  passions,  as  I  have  already  proved,  love  is  most  violent, 
aiui  of  those  bitter  potions  which  this  Love-jMelancholy  affords, 
this  bastard  jealousie  is  the  greatest,  as  appears  by  those  prodi- 
gious symptomes  M'hich  it  hath,  and  that  it  produceth.  For 
besides  feare  and  sorrow,  which  is  conunon  to  allmelaiicholy, 
an  xiety  of  minde,snspition,  aggravation,  restless  tlioughts,  pale- 
ness, meagerness,  neglect  of  business,  and  the  like,  these  men 
are  farther  yet  misaffected,  and  in  an  higher  strain.  'Tis  a 
more  vehement  passion,  a  more  furious  perturbation,  a  bitter 
pain,  a  fire,  a  pernicious  curiosity,  a  gall  corrupfingthe  honyof 
our  life, madness,  vertigo, plague,  hell,  they  are  more  then  ordi- 
narily disquieted,  they  lose  boninn  pads,  as  ^Chrysostome  ob- 
serves ;  and  though  they  be  rich,  keep  sumptuous  tables,  be 
nobly  allied,  yet  miserrimi  omnimn  sunt,  they  are  most  miser- 
able ;  they  are  more  then  ordinarily  discontent,  more  sin\,7iihil 
tristins,  more  then  ordinarily  suspitious.  Jealousie,  saith 
''Yives,  hefjets  nu(piietvess  in  the  minde^  ni(/Jif  and  day :  he 
hunts  after  every  word  he  hears,  evert/  whisper,  and  aynplifies 
it  to  himself  (i\s  n]\  melancholy  men  do  in  other  matters)  with 
a  most  injust  calimmt/  of  others,  he  7nisinterprets  every  thiny  is 
said  or  done^  most  apt  to  mistalce  or  misconstrue;  he  prycs 
into  every  corner,  follows  close,  observes  to  an  hair.  'Tis 
proper  to  jealousie  so  to  do. 

Pale  hag,  infernal]  fury,  pU'asures  smart, 
Envies  observer,  pryoincc  •"  every  part. 

*  Horn.  38.  in  c.  17.  Gen.  Etsi  msipnis  allluunt  divitiis,  &c.  ^'.i.  de  Aniinii. 

Omnes  voces,  auras,  oinneH  siisiirro3  capiat  zclotypns,  et  amplifirat  apit4  se  cum  in- 
iquissinia  de  siiiijulis  calunmia.     Maxinic  suspiciosi,  el  ail  p-joia  crcdi  uduiii  proclives. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Jealousie.  447 

Besides  those  strange  gestures  of  staring,  frowning,  grinning, 
rollingof  eys,  menacing,  ghastlylooks,  broken  pace,  interrupt, 
precipitate,  half-turns.  He  will  sometimes  sigh,  weep,  sob  for 
anger, 

Nempe  sues  imbres  etiam  ista  tonitrua  fundunt, 
swear  and  bely,  slander  any  man,  curse,  threaten,  braule,  scold, 
fight;  and  sometimes  again  flatter,  and  speak  faire,  ask  forgive- 
ness, kisse  and  coll,  condemn  his  rashness  anti  folly,  vow,  pro- 
test and  swear  he  will  never  do  so  again  ;  and  then  eftsoons, 
impatient  as  he  is,  rave,  roar,  and  lay  about  him  like  a  mad 
man,  thump  her  sides,  drag  her  about,  perchance,  drive  her 
out  of  doors,  send  her  home,  he  will  be  divorced  forthwith,  she 
is  a  whore,  i&c.  by  and  by,  with  all  submiss  complement  intreat 
her  faire,  and  bring  her  in  again;  he  loves  her  dearly;  she  is 
his  sweet,  most  kinde  and  loving  wife;  he  will  not  change,  not 
leave  herfor  akingdome;  so  he  continues  offand  on,  as  the  toy 
takes  him,  the  object  moves  him,  but  most  part  brauling,  fret- 
ting, unquiet  he  is ;  accusing  and  suspecting  not  strangers 
only,  but  brothers  and  sisters,  father  and  motlier,  neerest  and 
dearest  friends.     He  thinks  with  those  Italians, 

Chi  non  tocca  parentado, 
Tocca  mai  e  rado. 

And  through  feare,  conceives  unto  himself  things  almost  incre- 
dible and  impossible  to  be  effected.  As  an  hearn  when  she 
fishes,stillpryeingon  all  sides;  or  as  a  catdothamouse,  his  eye 
is  never  oft"  hers;  he  glotes  on  him,  on  her,  accurately  obser- 
ving on  whomshe  looks,  who  looks  at  her,  what  she  saith,  doth, 
at  dinner,  at  supper,  sitting,  walking,  at  home,  abroad,  he  is 
thesame,still  enquiring,  mandring,  gazing,  listning,  affrighted 
with  every  small  object ;  why  did  she  smile,  why  did  she  pitty 
him,  commend  him?  why  did  she  drink  twice  to  such  a  man  ? 
why  did  she  offer  to  kisse,  to  dance  ?  &c.  a  whore,  a  whore, 
an  arrant  whore.     All  this  he  confes&eth  in  the  poet, 

^  Omnia  me  terrent,  timidus  sum,  ignosce  timori, 

Et  miser  in  tunica  suspicor  esse  virum. 
Me  laedit  si  multa  tibi  dabit  oscula  mater, 

Me  soror,  et  cum  qua  dormit  amica  simul. 
Each  thing  affrights  me,  I  do  feare, 

Ah  pardon  me  my  feare  : 
I  doubt  a  man  is  hid  within 

The  cloathes  that  thou  dost  wear. 

Is't  not  a  man  in  womans  apparel?  is  not  some  body  in  that 

a  Propertins. 


448  Love-Mdmicholi/.  [Part:.  3.  Sec.  3. 

oToat  chest,  or  behinde  the  tloor,  or  hangings,  or  in  some  of 
those  barrels  ?  May  not  a  man  steal  in  at  the  window  with  a 
ladder  of  ropes,  or  come  down  the  chimney,  have  a  false  key, 
or  oet  in  when  he  is  asleep?  If  a  -nonse  do  but  stir,  or  the 
winde  blow,  a  casement  clatter,  that's  the  viliaine,  there  he  is. 
By  his  good  will  no  man  shall  see  her,  salute  her,  spe^k  >vith 
her,  she  shall  not  go  forth  of  his  sight,  so  much  as  to  do  her 
needs.  ^  Non,  ita  bovem  Jlrr/ns,  S,'c.  Argus  did  not  so  keep  his 
cow,  that  watchful  dragon  the  golden  fleece,  or  Cerberus  the 
commino -in  of  he!!,  as  he  keepes  his  wife.  If  a  dear  friend  or 
neer  kiifsman  come  as  guest  to  his  house,  to  visit  him,  he  will 
never  let  him  be  out  of  his  own  sight  and  company,  lest  per- 
adveiiture.  Sec.  If  the  necessity  of  his  business  be  such,  that 
he  must  go  from  home,  he  doth  either  lock  her  up,  or  com- 
mit her  with  a  deale  of  injunctions  and  protestations  to  some 
trusty  friends,  him  and  her  he  sets  and  bribes  to  oversee.  One 
servant  is  set  in  his  absence  to  watch  another,  and  all  to  ob- 
serve his  wife,  and  yet  all  this  will  not  serve,  though  his  busi- 
ness be  very  urgent,  he  will,  when  he  is  halfeway,  come 
back  again  in  all  post  hast,  rise  from  supper,  or  at  midnight, 
and  be  gone,  and  sometimes  leave  his  business  undone,  and  as 
a  stranger  court  his  own  wife  in  some  disguised  habit.  Though 
there  be  no  danger  at  all.  no  cause  of  suspition,  she  live  in 
such  a  place,  where  Messalina  her  self  could  not  be  dishonest 
if  she  would,  yet  he  suspects  her  as  much  as  if  she  Mere  in 
a  bawdy  house,  some  princes  court,  or  in  a  common  inne, 
where  all  comers  might  have  free  accesse.  He  cals  her  on  a 
sudden,  all  to  naught ;  she  is  a  strumpet,  a  light  huswife, 
a  bitch,  an  arrant  whore.  No  perswasion,  no  protestation  can 
divert  this  passion,  nothing  can  ease  him,  secure  or  give  him 
satisfaction.  It  is  most  strange  to  report  what  outragious 
acts  by  men  and  women  have  been  committed  in  this  kinde  ; 
by  women  especially,  that  will  run  after  their  husbands  into 
all  places  and  companies,  as  ^.Jovianus  Pontanus  wife  did  by 
him,  follow  him  whithersoever  he  went,  it  matters  not,  or 
upon  what  business,  raving  like  Juno  in  the  tragoedy,  nns- 
calling,  cursing,  swearing,  and  mistrusting  every  one  she  sees. 
Gomesius,  in  his  third  Ibook  of  the  life  and  deeds  of  Francis 
Ximenius,  sometime  archbishop  of  Toledo,  hath  a  strange 
story  of  that  incredible  jealousie  of  Joane  queen  of  Spaine, 
wife  to  king  Philip,  motiicr  of  Ferdinand  and  Charles  the  5"'. 
emperours.  When  her  husband  Philip,  either  for  that  he 
was  tryed  with  his  wives  jealousie,  or  had  some  great  business, 
went  into  the  low-countries,  she  Mas  so  impatient  and  melan- 
rholy  upon  his  departure,  that  she  would  scarce  eat  her  meat, 

«.«neasSilv.  ''Ant.  Dial. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]         Symptomes  of  Jealonsie.  449 

or  converse  with  any  man  ;  and  thoug-h  she  were  with  cliild, 
the  season  of  the  yeer  very  bad,  the  winde  against  her,  in  all 
haste  she  woidd  to  sea  after  him.  Neitlier  Isabella,  her  queen 
mother,  the  archbishop,  or  any  other  friend,  cuuid  perswade 
her  to  the  contrary,  but  she  would  after  him.  When  she  was 
now  come  into  the  Low-countries,  and  kindly  entertained  by 
her  liusband,  she  could  not  contain  her  self,  "^hut  in  a  raqe, 
ran  upon  a  yellow  hair\l  icench,  v/ith  whom  she  suspected 
her  husband  to  be  nought,  cut  off  her  hah;  did  beat  hrr 
hlacke  and  blew,  and  so  drar/yedher  ahont.  It  is  an  ordinary 
thingfor  Momen,  in  such  cases,  toscratthe  faces,  slit  the  noses 
of  such  as  they  suspect;  as  Henry  the  seconds  itnportuue  Juno 
did  by  Rosamond  at  Woodstock:  for  she  complains  in  a  mo- 
derne  ''poet,  she  scarse  spake, 

But  flies  with  eager  fury  to  my  face, 

Offering  me  most  unwomanly  disgi'ace. 

Look  how  a  tigresse,  &c. 

So  fell  she  on  me  in  outragious  wise, 

As  could  disdain  and  jealousie  devise. 

Or  if  it  be  so,  they  dare  not,  or  cajinot  execute  any  such 
tyrannical   injustice,   they  will  miscall,  rail  and  revile,  bear 
them  deadly  hate  and  malice,  as "  Tacitus  observes  ;  the  hatred 
of  a  jealous-  woman  is  inseparable  ayainst  such  as  she  suspects. 
■^  Nulla  vis  flammee,  tumidique  venti 
Tanta,  nee  teli  metuenda  torti, 
Quanta  cum  conjux  viduata  tsedis 
Ardet  et  odit. 
Windes,  weapons,  flames  make  not  such  hurly  burly, 
As  raving  women  turn  all  topsie  turvy. 
So  did  Agrippina  by  Lollia,  and  Calphurnia  in  the  dayes  of 
Claudius.      But  women  are  sufficiently  curbed  in  such  cases, 
the   rage    of  men  is  more  eminent,  and  frequently  put  in 
practice.      See  but  with  what  rigour  those  jealous  husbands 
tyrannize  over  their  poor  wives.     In   Greece,  Spain,  Italy, 
Turkic,  Africke,  Asia,and  generally  overall  those  hot  countries, 
^mnlieres  vestrce  terra  vestra,  arate  sicut  vnltis'.     JMahomet, 
in  his  Alcoran,  gives  this  power  to  men  :  Your  wives  are  as 
your  land,  till  them,  use  them,  intreat  them  faire  or  fowl,  as 
you  will  yourselves. 

^  Mecastor,  lege  dura  vivunt  mulieres. 
They  lock  them  stil  in  tljeir  houses,  which  are  as  so  many  pri- 


aRabie  concepta,  cfesarienj  abrasit,  puellEeque  mirabiliter  insultans,  faciem  vibicihns 
foedavit.  b  Daniel.  <^  Anna',  lib.  12.     Principes  mulieris  zelotypae  est 

iu  alias  mulieres  quas  suspectas  habet,  odium  inseparabile.  ^  Seneca  in  Medea. 

I'  Alcoran  cap.  Bovis,  interprete  Ricardo  prsed.  8.  Confiitationis.  fPlantns. 

VOL.  11.  6  G 


450  Love-Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

sons  to  them  ;  will  suffer  no  body  to  come  at  them,  or  their 
v\  ives  to  be  seen  abroad  : 

nee  cainpos  liceat  lustrare  patentes. 

They  must  not  so  much  as  look  out.    And  if  they  be  f^reat  per- 
sons, they  have  eunuchs  to  keep  them,  as  the  Grand  Sei'^ruor 
among  the  Turkes,  the  Sophies  of  Persia,  those  Tartarian  Ho- 
nors and  kings  of  Cliina.      Infantes  masculos  castrant  innn- 
meros  nt  reyi  serviant,  saith  ^Riccius;   thny  f/f/d  inmnncrahlr 
hif'ants   to   this  purpose.      The    king    of  •'China   inainta'nis 
10000  eumichs  in  hisj'amihf,  to  keep  his  wices.     The  Xeriffes 
of  Barbary  keep  their  curtisans  in  such  strict  manner,  that  if 
any  man  come  but  in  siglit  of  them,  lie  dies  for  it;  and  iltiiey 
chance  to  see  a  man,  though  from  their  ^yilldo^ves,  and  do  not 
instantly  crie  out,  they  must  be  put  to  death.   The  Turkes  have, 
I  know  not  how  many,  black  deformed  eunuciis  (for  the  white 
.'  ervefor  other  ministcries)  to  this  purpose  sent  commonly  from 
^gypt,  deprived  in  their  childhood  of  all  their  privities;  and 
brought  up   in   the  seraglio  at  Constantinople,  to  keep  their 
wives,  which  are  so  penned  up,  they  may  not  confer  with  any 
living  man,  or  converse  with  yonger  women,  have  a  cucumber 
or  carret  sent  in  to  tliem  for  their  diet,  but  sliced,  for  feare,  &c. 
and  so  live,  and  are  left  alone  to  their  unchast  thoughts,  all  the 
dayes  of  their  lives.     The  vulgar  sort  ofwonien,  if  at  any  time 
they  come  abroad,  which  is  very  seldome,  to  visit  one  another, 
or  to  go  to  fhcir  bathes,  are  so  covered,  that  no  man  can  see 
them,  as  the  matrons  were  in  old  Rome,  lecticd  ant  sella  tectd 
vectee;  so  ^  Dion   and  Seneca  record,  velatce  totw  incednnt  ; 
•'which  Alexander  ab   Alexandro   relates  of  tlie   Parthians, 
lib.  5.  cap.  24.  which,  with  Adreas  Tirafjuellus  his  commen- 
tator, 1  rather  think   should  be  understood  of  Persians.      I 
have  not  yet  said  all.     They  do  not  onely  lock  them  up,  sed 
et  jmdendis  seras  adhibent.     Hear  what  Beinbus  relates,  lib.  0*. 
of  his    Venetian    History,    of  those    inhabitants    that    dwell 
about  Quiloa  in  Africke.      Lvsitani^  inrjitit,  (jnornndam  civi- 
tates  adiernrit,  qui  naiis  stalim  fwrninis  vatnram  consunnt, 
(juoad  nrincc  exitus  ne  impediatnr^  easqne  quuni  adoleverint 
sic  consntas  in  mafrimoninm  collocant,  nt  sponsi  prima  cura 
sit  ronr/lntinatas  puella;  oras  ferro  interscindere.     In  some 
parts  of  Greece  at  this  day.  like  those  old  Jcwcs,  they  will  not 
beleeve   their   wives  are   honest,    nisi  pannnm   menstrnatnni 
prima  noctc  rideaut.     Our  countryman  *"  Sands,  in  his  pere- 
grination, saith,  it  is  severely  observed  in  Zazynthus,  orZanfe; 
and  Leo  Afer  in  his  time,  at  Fez  in  Africke,  won  crednnt  virr/i- 

'■'  Evpedit,  in  Sinas  1.  3.  c.  9.  *'Dpcem  eiinuchornm  millia  nnmerantiir  in 

lez'A  thmilii,  qui  servant  uKores  ejus.  '  Lib.  57.  ep.  SI  ■'Seniotas  a  viris 

st'rvri:i[  i:i  iiiti-rioribMs,  ah  eo'ura  conrsperlii  iiniiiunes.  «  Lib.  1.  fol.  7. 


Mem.  ?.  Subs.  1.]  Sijmptoims  o/'Jeulotme.  451 

wem  esse,  nisi  videant  sancfuineam  viappam  ;  ni  noti,  ad  pri' 
rentes  pudore  rejicitur.  Those  sheets  are  publiquely  shewed 
by  their  parents,  and  kept  as  a  signe  of  incorrupt  virginity. 
The  Jewes  of  old,  examined  their  maids,  ex  temii  memhrand, 
called  hymen,  which  Laurentius  in  his  Anatomy,  Cohimhns, 
lib.  12.  cap.  16.  Capivaccius,  lib.  4.  cap.  11.  de  uteri  affectibns, 
Vincent.  Alsarns  Gennensis  qufcsit.  vied.  cent.  4.  Hierony- 
mus  Mercurialis  consult.  Ambros.  Parens,  Julius  Cfesar 
Claudinus  Respons.  4.  as  that  also  de  '^rupturd  venarum  vt 
sanguis  fluat,  copiously  confute  :  'tis  no  sufiicient  trial,  they 
contend.  And  yet  others  again  defend  it.  Gasper  Bartho- 
linus  Institiit.  Anat.  lib.  1.  cap.  31.  Pineeus  of  Paris, 
Albertus  Magnus  de  secret,  mulier.  cap.  9.  et  10.  S^-c.  and 
think  they  speak  too  much  in  favour  of  women.  ^  Ludovicus 
Boncialus,  lib.  2.  cap.  2.  vmlicbr.  natnralem  illarn  uteri 
labiorum  constrictionem,  in  (pid  virr/initatem  cousistere  volant, 
astringentibus  medicinis  fieri  posse  vendicat  ;  et  si  dejlorutce 
sint,  astutm  <^  mulieres  (impiit)  uos  fallnnt  in  his.  Idem 
Aisarius  Crucius Genuensis  iisdemjerererbis.  Idem  Avicenna 
lib.  3.  Fen.  20.  tract.  1.  cap.  47.  ''Rhasis  Continent,  lib.  24. 
Rodericus  a  Castro  denat.  muL  lib.  1.  cap.  S.  An  old  bawdy 
nurse,  in  <^ Aristaenatus,  (like  that  Spanish  Caelestina,  *</?«:<? 
quinque  mille  virgines  Jecit  mulieres,  totidemque  mulieres 
arte  sua  virgines)  when  a  faire  maid  of  her  acquaintance  wept 
and  made  her  moan  with  her,  how  she  had  l)een  defior.ered, 
and  now  ready  to  be  married,  M'as  afraid  it  would  be  perceived, 
comfortably  replyed,  Noli  vereri,Jilia,  S^-c.  Fear  not,  daughter ^ 
ril  teach  thee  a  trick  to  help  it.  Sed  luec  extra  callem.  I'o 
what  end  are  all  these  astrological  questions,  an  sit  virgo,  cm 
sit  casta,  an  sit  mulier  ?  and  such  strange  absurd  trials  in 
Albertus  Magnus,  Bap.  Porta,  Mag.  lih.  '■2.  cap.  21,  in 
Wecker.  lib.  5.  de  secret,  by  stones  perfumes,  to  maJce  them 
pisse,  and  confess  I  know  not  what  in  their  sleep.  Some 
jealous  brain  was  the  first  founder  of  them.  And  to  wlsat 
passion  may  we  ascribe  those  severe  laws  against  jealousie, 
.yum.  5.  14.  Adulterers,  Deut.  cap.  '2'2.  v.  '^2-2.  amoiigst  the 
Hebrewes?  amongst  the  Egyptians  (reade  s  Bohemus /•  1. 
c.  5.  de  mor.  gen.  of  the  Carthaginians,  cap.  6.  of  Turkes, 
lib.  2.  cap.  11.)  amongst  the  Athenians  of  old?  halians  at 
this  day  v.herein  they  are  to  be  severely  punished,  cut  in 
peeces,  burned,  ?;iDa-com6?/rio,  buried  alive,  with  severall  ex- 
purgations, &c.  are  they  not  as  so  many  symptomes  of  incre- 

'^Disruptiones    hymenis   sigpe    fiunt  a  propriis    digitis   vel    ab   aliis    instrumentis. 
b  Idem  Rhasis  Arab.  Cont.  clfa  clatisas  pharmacis  ut  non  possunt  coitniu 

exercere.  <l  Qui  et  pharmacuin  pisescribit  decetque.  eljjpjst  ti.  Meicero 

Inter.  ffiartliius.  Ludus  illi  tenieratum  pudicitise  fiorem  nientitis  inacliinis  pro 

integro  vendere.  Ego  docebo  te,  qui  mulier  ante  nuptias  sponso  te  probes  virKincia. 
K  Qui  mulierein  violasset,  virilia  exsecabant,  et  mille  virgns  dabant. 


G    G 


O 


4,52  Love-Melanchobj .  [Part.  ij.  Sec.  3. 

dible  jcalousic  't    We  may  say  the  same  of  those  vestall  virgins 
that  fetched  water  in  a  sieve,  as  Tatia  did  in  Rome,  anno  ah 
urh.   condllii  800.  before  the  senators;  and   '/Emilia,  vinfo 
innocens^  that  ran  over  hot  irons ;   as    Emma,   Edward  the 
Confessors   mother  did,  the  king  himself  being  a  spectator  ; 
with  the  like.      We  reade  in  Niccphorus,  that  Cunogunda, 
the  wife  of  Henricus  Bavarus,emperour,suspcctedofa(iultery, 
imhnulata  achtltern  per  'uju'itos  vomeres  illccsa  trajisiit  ;  trod 
upon  red  hot  coulters,  and  had  no  harm.     Such  another  story 
we   finde  in  Regino,  Hb.  2.  in  Aveutinus  and  Sigonius,  of 
Charles  the  third  and  his  wife  Richada,  An.  887.  that  was  so 
pureed  with  hot  irons.     Pausanias  saith,that  he  was  once  an 
eye-witness  of  such   a  miracle   at  Dianas  temple  ;  a  maid, 
without  any  harm  at  all,  walked  upon  burning  coales.     Fius 
secund.  in  his  description  of  Europe,  c.  46.  relates  as  much; 
that  it  was  conunonly  practised  at  Dianas  temple,  for  women 
to  go  bare-foot  over  hot  coales,  to  try  their  honesties.     Plinius, 
Solinus,  and  many  writers  make  mention  of  ''Feronias  temple  ; 
and   Dionysius  Halicarnasseus,   lib.  3.   of  Menuions  statue, 
Avhich  were  used  to  this  purpose.     Tatius  lib.  6.  of  Pan  his 
cave,    (much  like  old   St.   Wilfrides  needle    in    Yorkshire) 
wherein  they  did  use  to  try  maids,  '^whether  they  were  honest. 
When   Leucippe  went  in,  suavhsimus  eivuudin  sonus  ccepit. 
Austin,  tie  civ.  Dei,  lib.  10.  c.  16.  relates  many  such  exam- 
ples, all  which  Lavater  de  specfr.  part.  1.  cap.  19.  contends 
to  be  done  by  the  illusion  of  divels  ;  though  Thomas  tpicest.  (}. 
de  potcntid^  ^-c.   ascribe   it  to  good    angels.      Some,   saifh 
•^  Austin,    compell  their  wives  to  swear  they  be  honest;  as  if 
perjury  w  ere  a  lesser  sin  then  adultery.     "  Some  consult  ora- 
cles, as  Phaerus  that  blinde  king  of  .Egypt.      Others  reward, 
as  those  old   Romans  used  to  do.     If  a  woman   were  con- 
tented with  one  man,  corona  pudiciiia  donabahir^  she  had  a 
crown  of  chastity  bestowed  on  lier.      When  all  this  will  not 
serve,  saith  Alexander  Gaguinus,  cap.  5.  deacript.  3Inscovi(e, 
the  Muscovites,  if  they  suspect  their  wives,  will  beat  them  till 
they  confess,  and  if  that  v.ill  not  availe,  like  those  wilde  Irish, 
be  divorced  at  their  pleasures,  orelse  knock  them  on  tlieheads, 
as  the  old  '  Gaules  have  done  in  former  ages.     Of  this  tyranny 
of  jcalousie  reade  more  in  Parthenius  Erot.  cap. 10.  Camera- 
riiis  cap.  bv.  hor.  subci.^.  et  cent.  2.  cap.  3\.     Cielias  Epistles; 
Tho.  Chaloner  ffc  repnb.  Anrj.  lib.  9.     Ariosto  lib.  31 .  staffe  1 . 
Fffilix  Platerus  observut.  lib.  1,  ^'c. 

aDion.  Halic.  •' Viridi  Randens  Feronia  laco.     Virg.  «Ismene 

was  so  triP'l  by  Dianas  well,  in  which  maids  did  swiinme,  unchast  were  drowned,  tlusta- 
thius  lib.  8.  "^  Contra  inendao.  ad  confess.  21.  cap,  <"  Phariis  yEgypti  rex 

captiis  ocnlis  per  decenniiim,  or;i(  uliiin  consuliiitde  iixoris  pndicitia.    Herod.    Euterp. 
f  Csesar.  lib.  6.  de  bello  Gall.    Vitx  necisiiiie  in  uxorcs  habuerunt  poteslateiu. 


Mem.  3.]  Prognosiickes  of  Jealotme.  453 


MEMB.  III. 

ProffHosiickes  of  Jealonsie  ;  despair,  madness,  to  make  awai/ 
themselves  aiid  others. 

-fl.  HOSE  which  are  jealous,  most  part,  if  they  be  not  otherwise 
relieved,  ^proceed from  siispition  to  hatred  ;  J'rom  hatred  to 
Jrenzie,  madness,  injurie,  vinrder  and  despair. 

^  A  plague  by  whose  most  damnable  effect, 
Divers  in  deep  despair  to  dye  have  sought, 
By  which  a  man  to  madness  neer  is  brought, 
As  well  with  causlesse,  as  v/ith  just  suspect. 

Ill  their  madness,  many  times,  saith  <^  Vives,  they  make  away 
themselves  and  others.  Which  indiiceth  Cyprian  to  cal  it, 
fcecundam  et  multiplicem  perniciem,  fontem  cladium  et  se- 
minarium  delictornm  ;  a  fruitful!  mischiefe,  the  seminary  of 
offences,  and  fountain  of  murders.  Tragical  examples  are  too 
common  in  this  kinde,  both  new  and  old,  in  all  ages;  as  of 
'^  Cephalus  and  Procris,  ^Phaerus  of  ^Egypt,  Tereus,  Atreus, 
and  Thyestes.  '^Alexander  Pharus  was  murdered  of  his  wife, 
oh  pcUicatus  suspicionem,  Tully  saith.  Antonius  Verus  was 
so  made  away  by  Lucilla;  Demetrius  the  son  of  Antigonus, 
and  Nicanor,  by  their  wives.  Hercules  poysoned  by  Deianira; 
s  Cfficiima  murdered  by  Vespasian  ;  Justina  a  Roman  lady  by 
her  husband.  ''  Ametris,  Xerxes  wife,  because  she  found  her 
husbands  cloake  in  Masista  his  house,  cut  off  Masista  his 
wives  paps,  and  gave  them  to  the  dogs  ;  Jiead  her  besides,  and 
cut  ojf  her  eares,  lips,  tongue,  and  slit  the  nose  of  Artynta 
her  daughter.  Our  late  writers  are  full  of  such  outrages. 
'Paulus  .Emilius,  in  his  history  of  France,  hath  a  tragi  call 
story  of  Chilpericus  the  first  his  death,  made  away  by  Ferde- 


a  Animi  dolores  et  zelotypia,  si  diutius  perseverent,  dementes  reddiiot.    Acad,  com- 
luent  in  par.  art.  Galeni.  '  bAriosto  lib.  3).  staff.  6.  =3.  de  anima,  c.  3. 

de  zelotyp.  Transit  in  rabiem  et  odium,  et  sibi  et  alii.t  violeutas  sa;pe  nianiis  injiciunt. 
<*  Hyf^rinius  cap.  189.  Ovid,  &c.  e  Phasrus  .^gypti  rex  de  cajcitate  oraculum 

consiilens,  visnm  ei  redditiiruin  accepit,  si  oculos  abluisset  lotio  raulieris  quiB  aliorum 
viroram  esset  expers ;  uxoris  urinam  expertus  nihil  profecit,  et  aliarutn  t'rnstra  ;  eas 
onines  (ea  excepta  per  qiiam  curatus  fuit)  unum  in  locum  coactas  concrema\  it.  Herod. 
Euterp.  'Oflic.  lib.  2.  S  Aurelius  Victor.  h  Herod,  lib.  9. 

m  Calliope.  Masistae  uxorem  excarnificat,  mammillas  prsescindit,  easque  canibus 
abjicit,  filias  nares  prwscidit,  labra,  linguam,  &c.  '  Lib.  1.     Dum  formae 

curandcB  intenta  capillum  in  sole  pectit,  a  marito  per  lusum  leviter  percussa  furtim 
siiperveniente  virga.  Risu  snborto,  uii  Landrice,  dixit,  frontem  ^-ir  fortis  petet,  &c. 
Alarito  conspecto  attonita,  cum  Landrico  mox  in  ejus  mortem  conspirat,  et  statim  inter 
venandum  etficit. 


454  Love- Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

Hiiiulc  his  queen.    In  a  jonlons  htMUonr,  he  cnmc  from  hmifiiig-, 
:umI  sf<)h'  liehinde  his  wile,  as  slie  was  dressino-  and  r()nd)ing- 
hir  head  in  tlie  snn,  oave  her  a  familiar  tourh  with  liis  wand, 
>vhi<Ii  she  niistakiiii^  <or  lier  lover,  said,  Ah  Landre,  a  fjnod 
h-nif/hfp  should  strike  bpfore,  and  not  hehinde  :  hut  when  she 
saw  herself  betrayed  by  his  presence,  she  instantly  took  order 
(o  snake  liiin  away,     llieronie  Osorius,  in  the  eleventh  book 
of  the  deeds  of  Emanuel  kini>-  of  Portuoal,  to  this  efVect  hath 
a  tragical  narration, ofoneFerdinandusChalderia.that  wounded 
(ioiiicrjnns,  a   noble  countryman   of  his,  at  Goa  in  the  East 
Indies,  -"and  cut  off'  one  oj' his  hrjs,  for  that  he  looked,  us  he 
tho>ff/ht,  toojamiliarbj  7ipon  his  7cife  ;  ichich  iras  afterwards 
a  cause  of  many  quarrels^  and  much  hkmdshed.     Guianerius, 
cap.  ?A).  de  (pgritud.  matr.  speakes  of  a  silly  jealous  fellow, 
that  seeing- liis  childenew  born, included  in  a  kell,thouoht  sure 
ti  ^  FranciMian,  that  vsed  to  come  to  his  housey  was  the  father 
of  it,  it  teas  so  like  the  friers  coule  ;  and  thereupon  thrcatned 
the  frier  to  kill  him.     Fulgosus,  of  a  woiiian  in  Narbone,  that 
out  off' her  husbands  privities  in  the  night,  because  she  thought 
Jjc  plaid  false  with  her.     The  story  of  "^  Jonuses  Bassa  and  faire 
]Mant(>  his  wife,  is  well  known  to  such  as  have  read  the  Turkish 
history;  and  that  of  Joanc  of  Spain,  of  which  I  treated  in  my 
former  section.     lier  jealousie,  saith  Gouiesius,  was  cause  of 
both  their  deaths.     King-  Philip  died  for  grief  a  little  after,  as, 
''^Jarlian  his  physician  gave  it  out;  and  she.  for  her  part,  after 
a  melancholj/  discontented  life,  mispent  in  Inrkinr/  holes,  and 
Qorners,  made  an  end  of  her  miseries.     Fcelix  Plater  in  the  first 
booke  of  his   observations,   hath    many  such  instances  :    of 
a  pliysician,  of  his  acquaintance,  ^that  wasfrst  mad  throuf/h 
jealonsie,  and  afterwards  desperate.     Of  a   merchant  ^  that 
killed  his  icife  in  the  same  humour,  and  after  precipitated 
himself.      Of  a  doctor  of  law  that  cut  oil"  his  mans  nose.      Of 
a  painters  wife  in   Basil,  anno  1600,  that  was  mother  of  nine 
children, and  had  been  27  yeers  married,  yetafterwards  jealous, 
and    so  impatient,    that    she   became   desperate,  and  would 
neither  eat  nor  drink  in  her  own  house,  for  feare  her  husband 
shouhl  poyson  her.     'Tis  a  common  signe  this;  forwhen  once 
the   humours  are  stirred,   and   the  iiuaginafion  misatt'ected, 
it  will  vary  itself  in  divers  forms;   and  many  such  absurd 


^  Qui  Oofe  nxoreni  habens,  Gothprinnm,  principem  quentlain  viniin,  quod  iixori  siia; 
mii!os  adjecisset,  injrenti  viilnere  dcformavit  in  facie,  et  tibiam  atiscidit,  uiide  niiitiiaj 
ciPdes.  ^  Eo  <|iiod  inlHiiH  nafns  iiivolutiis  esset  panninilo.  credcbat  eiini  liiiciin  fratris 
Francisci.  &«.      -         *■  Knowles,  "i  Zflotypia  re)rio<E  roiris  mortem  arrelora\  it 

iiaiilo  post,   lit  IMartiaiuis  mediriis  iiiibi  rclnlit.     ilia  aiilcin  ati;\  bilr  inde  exajjitala,  ia 
iaifhras  sp  siibdiicens,  pnv  <»-.;riliiiliiie  aiiimi  r»-iii|uaiii  Itnipus  ronsiiiupsit.  e  .\ 

si*li>typia  redactus  ad  in:»Hiiiam  «-t  desperaiioiiuiu.  '  Uxorem  intereiiiit,  inde 

desperabundus,  ex  alto  kc  prscipitavit. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]  Cvre  oJ'Jealovsie.  455 

symptomes  will  ac«^0!npaiiy  even  madness  it  self.  Sckeukitis 
obsevvnt.  lih,  ^.cap.de  ntcr.  liath  an  example  of  h  jealous  wo- 
man, that  by  this  meanes  had  many  fits  of  the  mother:  and  in 
his  first  book,  of  some  that  through  jealousie,  ran  mad  ;  of  a 
baker  titat  gelded  himself  to  try  his  wives  honesty,  &c.  Such 
examj)]es  are  too  common. 


MEMB.IV.    SUBSECT.  I. 

Cure  qfJealonsie.  By  avoiding  occasions  ;  not  to  he  idle-  Of 
good  cGunselL  To  contemn  it;  not  to  icatch  or  lock  them 
up  :  to  dissemble  it,  <^'C. 

xIlS  of  all  other  melancholy,  some  doubt  whether  this  malady 
may  be  cured  or  no;  they  think  'tis  like  the  ""gout,  or 
Switzers,  whom  we  commonly  call  Wallones,  those  hired  soul- 
diers,  if  once  they  take  possession  of  a  castle,  they  can  never 
be  got  out. 

Qui  timet  ut  sua  sit,  ne  quis  sibi  subtrahat  illam, 

lUe  Machaonia  vix  ope  salvus  erit. 
•^This  is  that  cruel  wound  against  whose  smart, 
No  liquors  force  prevailes,  or  any  plaister, 
No  skill  of  starres,  no  depth  of  magick  art, 
Devised  by  that  great  clerk  Zoroaster ; , 
A  wound  tJiat  so  infects  the  soule  and  heart, 
As  all  our  sense  and  reason  it  doth  master; 
A  wound  whose  pange  and  torment  is  so  durable, 
As  it  may  rightly  called  be  incurable. 

Yet  what  I  have  formerly  said  of  other  melancholy,  I  will  say 
again,  it  may  be  cured,  or  mitigated  at  least,  by  some  contrary 
passion,  good  counsell  and  perswasion,  if  it  be  withstood  in  the 
beginning,  nuiturely  resisted,  and  as  those  ancients  hold,  ^  the 
nalles  of  it  be  pared  before  theg  grow  too  long.  No  better 
meanes  to  resist  or  repell  it,  then  by  avoiding  idleness;  to  be 
stil  seriously  busied  about  some  matters  of  importance,  to  drive 
out  those  vaine  fears,  foolish  iantasies  and  irksome  susjjiiions 
out  of  his  head,  and  then  to  be  perswaded  by  his  judicious 
friends,  to  give  eare  to  their  good  counsell  and  advice,  and 
wisely  to  consider,  how  much  he  discredits  himself,  his  friends, 
dishonours  his  children,  disgraceth  his  family,  publisheth  his 
shame,  and  as  a  trum{)eter  of  his   own   misery,   divulgeth, 

^Tollere  nodosam  nescit  medicina  podagram.  •>  Ariosto  lib.  .31.  staff.  5. 

fVeteres  matiue  suadent  ungues  amoris  esse  radendoS;  priusquam  prodacant  se 
uiruis. 


45G  Lom-Mdanchohi.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

iiincpratos,  jrrievcs  himself  and  others  :  what  an  ar«-ur7)ent  of 
Mrakuess  it  is,  how  absurd  a  fhi!)i>-  in  its  own  nature,  how  ridi- 
culous, how  l)riitish  a  passion,  how  sottish,  how  odious  ;  how 
harei»raine  a  disease,  mad  ami  furious.     For  as  -^  Hierome  well 
hnlh  it,  odium  stdj'acit,  et  ipse  novissime  sihi  odio  est,  others 
hate  him,  and  at  last  he  hates  himself  for  it.     If  he  will  but 
hear  them  speake,  no  doubt  he  may  be  cured.     '^  Joane,  queen 
of  Spain,  of  whom  I  have  formerly  spoken,  under  pretence  of 
<hangiito;'ayr,wassent  toComplutum,  or  AlcadadelasHeneras, 
where  Ximenius  the  archbishop  of  Toledo  tlien  lived,  that  by 
his  good  counsell   (as  for  the  prtjsent  she  was)  she  might  be 
eased.     "I^or  a  disease  of  the  sovle,  ij'  concealed,  tortures  and 
overturns  it,  and  hj  no  physicke  can  sooner  he  removed  then 
hjl  a   discreet  mans  comjortahle  speeches.     1  will  not  here 
insert  any  consolatory  sentences  to  this  purpose,  or  forestall 
any  mans  invention,  but  leave  it  to  everyone  to  dilate  and  am- 
plitie,  as  he  shall  think  fit  in  his  own  judg-ement.      Let  him 
advise   with   Siracides  cap.  9.  1.     Be  not  jealous  over  the 
wife  of  thy  bosome  ;  reade  that  comfortable  and  pithy  speech  to 
this  purpose  of  Ximenius  in  the  author  himself,  as  itisrecorded 
by  Gomesius  ;  consult  Avith  Chaloner,  lib,  i>.  derepub.  Anqlor. 
or  Caelia  in  lier  epistles,  &c.    Onely  this  I  will  adde,  that  if  it  bo 
considered  aright,  which  causeth  this  jealous  passion,  be  it  just 
or  un  jusr,  whether  with  or  without  cause,  true  or  false,  it  oijo-jit 
not  so  hainously  to  betaken;  'tis  no  such  real  or  capital  matter, 
that  it  should  make  so  deep  a  wounde.     'Tis  a  blow  that  hurts 
not,  an  insensible  smart,  grounded  many  times  upon  false 
suspition  alone,  and  so  fostered  by  a  sinister  conceit.     If  she  be 
not  dishonest,  he  troubles  and  macerates  himself  without  a 
cause ;  or  put  case,  which  is  the  >vorst,  he  be  a  cuckold,  it 
cannot  be  helped,  the  more  he  stirres  in  it,  tlie  more  he  aggra- 
vates his  own  misery.    How  much  better  were  it,  in  such  rTcase, 
to  dissemble  or  contemne  it!  why  should  that  be  feared  which 
cannot  be  redressed?  multce  tandem deposueru iit  (saith  '' Vives) 
fjuum  ftecti  muritos  non  posse  vident,  many  wonien  M-hen  they 
see  there  is  no  remedy,  have  been  pacified  ;  and  shall  men  be 
more  jealous  then  women?     'Tis  some  comfort  in  such  a  case 
to  have  companions. 

Solaraen  miseris  socios  habuisse  dolciis ; 

Who  can  say  he  is  free?     Who  can  assure  himself  he  is  not  one 
de  prccterito,  or  secure  hunf^aWdeJuturo  ?  If  it  were  his  case 


ain  Jovianuni.  •>  C!nip.f  sins.  lib.  .'i    <lo  repuli.  j,'is1is  Xitnenii.  f  Urit 

eiiini  |)ra)cor(lia  a'^'ritiido  niiiini  coiiiiirfssa,  i-t   in  angn-stias  ntldncta  mcntetn  siibvprtit, 
HOC  aliu  iiadicaniiuc  facilius  trigitiir,  qiiani  cordati  luMiiiiiis  .seriiuuK'.  ><  3.  <lu 

:iniiiia. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]       Cure  of  Jealousie.  457 

alone,  it  were  hard;  but  being  as  it  is,  almost  a  common  ca- 
lamity, 'tis  not  so  grievously  to  be  taken.  If  a  man  have  a 
locke,  which  every  mans  key  will  open,  as  well  as  his  owne, 
why  should  he  think  to  keep  it  private  to  himself?  In  some 
countries  they  make  nothing  of  it,  we  woZ(i/es^?MV/em,saith  ^Leo 
Afer,  iti  many  parts  of  Africke  (if  she  be  past  fourteen)  there's 
not  a  noble  man  that  marries  a  maid,  or  that  hath  a  chast  wife ; 
'tis  so  common  ;  as  the  moone  gives  horns  once  a  moneth  to 
the  world,  do  they  to  their  husbands,  at  least.  And  'tis  most 
part  true,  which  that  ^  Caledonian  lady  (wife  of  Arg-etocoxus, 
a  British  prince)  told  Julia  Augusta,  when  she  took  her  up 
for  dishonesty,  We  Brittaines  are  ncmght  at  least  with  some 
J'eiv  choyce  men  oj' better  sort,  hut  you  Romans  lye  with  every 
base  knave  ;  you  are  a  compafiy  of  common  tvhores.  Severus 
the  emperour,  in  his  time,  made  lawes  for  the  restraint  of  this 
vice;  and  as  ^Dion  Niceeus  relates  in  his  life,  tria  millia  mcc- 
chormn,  three  thousand  cuckold  makers,  or  natnra  monetani 
adulter  antes,  as  Philo  cals  them,  false  coynersand  clippers  of 
natures  mony,  were  summoned  into  the  court  at  once.     And 

Non  omnem  molitor  quae  fluit  undam  videt ; 

the  miller  sees  not  all  the  water  that  goes  by  his  mill :  no  doubt 
but  as  in  our  dayes,  these  were  of  the  commonalty  ;  all  the 
great  ones  were  not  so  much  as  called  in  question  for  it.  *'  Mar- 
tials  epigram,  I  suppose,  might  have  been  generally  applied 
in  those  licentious  times,  Omnia  solus  liahes,  &c.  thy  goods, 
lands,  mony,  wits,  are  thine  owne,  Uxorem  sed  hahes,  Candide, 
cvmpopulo;  but  neighbour  Candidus  your  wife  is  common. 
Husband  and  cuckold  in  that  age,  it  seems,  were  reciprocal 
termes  ;  the  emperours  themselves  did  wear  Actaeons  badge; 
how  many  Ca;sars  might  I  reckon  up  together,  and  what  a 
catalogue  of  cornuted  kings  and  princes  in  every  story  !  Aga- 
memnon, Menelaus,PhiIippus  of  Greece,  Ptolomasus  of  ^gypt, 
Lucullus,  Caesar,  Pompeius,  Cato,  Augustus,  Antonius,  Anto- 
ninus, &c.  that  wore  fair  plumes  of  bulls  feathers  in  their 
crests.  The  bravest  souldiers  and  most  heroical  spirits  could 
not  avoid  it.  They  have  been  active  and  passive  in  this  busi- 
ness, they  have  either  given  or  taken  homes.  *=  King  Arthur, 
whom  we  call  one  of  the  nine  worthies,  for  all  his  great  valour 
was  unworthily  served  by  Mordred,  one  of  his  round-table 
knights  :  andGuithera,  or  Helena  Alba  his  faire  wife,  as  Leiand 

a  Lib.  3.  b  Argetocoxi  Caledonii  reguli  uxor,  Julise  Augustas,  cum  ipsaiii 

morderetquod  inlioneste  versaretur,  respondet  :  Nos  cum  optimis  vhis  consuetndiuem 
habemus;  vos  Roroanas  autem  occulte  passim  homines  conshipraut.  "^ Leges 

de  mcechisf'ecit,  ex  civibus  plnieS  in  jus  vocati.  <' L.  3.  Epig.  126.  c-Asser. 

Artliuri,  Parcerem  Ijbeuter  heroiuarum  laess  majestali,  si  non  liistoria;  Veritas  aiuem 
vellicaret.     I  el»i.<i 


458  Love-Melanchohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

intiM-prefs  it,  Avas  an  arrant  honest  woman.  Parcerrm  fihenter 
(saith  ''mine  autl)or)  lie  ro  in  a  nun  hcsa'  niajrsfafi,  s'l  nan  Iiisfo- 
ri(r  i-critds  (uirem  vcllicarcf,  1  could  willinoly  winke  at  a  Cairo 
ladies  iauits,  but  tliat  I  am  bound,  by  the  laues  of  history,  to 
tell  the  truth.  Against  his  will,  God  knowes,  did  he  write  it, 
and  so  do  I  repeat  it.  I  speak  not  of  our  times  all  this  while; 
we  have  good  honest,  vertuous  men  and  women,  whom  fame, 
zeale,  feare  ofGod,  religion  andsuperstitioncontaines;  and  yet 
for  all  that,  we  have  too  many  knights  of  this  order,  so  dubbed 
by  their  wives;  many  good  women  abused  by  dissolute  hus- 
bands, in  some  place.?;  and  such  persons  you  may  as  soon 
enjoyn  to  carry  water  in  a  sieve,  as  to  keep  themselves  honest. 
What  shall  a  man  do  now  in  such  a  case?  V/hatrfemedy  is  to 
be  had  ?  how  shall  he  be  eased?  By  suing  a  divorce  ?  thatis 
h.ard  to  be  effected  :  si  non  caste,  famen  caute,  they  carry  the 
matter  so  cunningly,  (hat  though  it  be  as  common  as  simony,  as 
clear  and  as  manifest  as  the  nose  in  a  mans  face,  yet  it  cannot 
be  evidently  proved,  or  they  likely  taken  in  the  fact :  they  will 
have  a  knave  Gallus  to  v.'atch  ;  or  with  that  Roman  ^  Sulpitia, 
all  made  fast  and  sure, 

Ne  se  cadurcis  dcstitutam  fasciis, 
Nudam  Caleno  coiicambentem  videat. 

She  will  hardly  be  surprised  by  her  husband,  be  he  never  so 
wary.  INIuch  better  then  to  put  it  up:  the  more  he  strives  in 
it,  the  more  he  shall  divulge  his  ownc  shame  :  make  a  vertue  of 
necessity,  and  conceal  it.  Yea,  but  the  world  takes  notice  of 
it, 'tis  in  every  mans  mouth:  let  them  taike  their  pleasure,  of 
whom  speak  they  not  in  this  sense  ?  From  the  highest  to  the 
lowest,  they  are  thus  censured,  all.  There  is  no  remedy  then 
but  patience.  It  may  be  'tis  liis  owne  fault,  and  hath  no  reason 
to  complain,  'tis  qnid pro  quo,  she  is  bad,  he  is  worse.  '^  lie- 
Ihiiihfi  thji  self,  hast  thou  not  done  as  much  for  some  of  thtj 
itcUihhonrs  ?  why  dost  thou  I'equire  that  of  thy  uufe,  which 
thou  u-iff  not  performe  thy  self;  Thou  rangest  like  a  toicu  hull; 
•'  ichy  art  thou  so  incmsed  if  she  tread  awry  ? 

^  I'e  it  that  some  woman  break  chast  wedlocks  lawcs, 
And  leaves  her  husband  and  beLomes  unchast ; 
Yet  commonly  it  is  not  without  cause, 
She  sees  her  man  in  sin  her  i;oocls  to  waste, 
She  feels  that  lie  his  love  from  her  witlulrawcs, 
And  luith  on  some,  perhaps,  loss  worthy  plac't. 

a  Lelands  assert.  Aithuri.  ''E|iiRr,ini.  cCogita  an  sic  aliis  tu  imquam 

•^ecerig;  an  hoc  tibi  nunc  fieri  clicniini  sit?  stv<  rus  aliis,  indnlgens  tibi,  cur  ab  uiorc 
f  xigis  rinod  non  ipse  pranstas?  Pliitar.  '' Vaga  libidinf  rum  ipse  <|iii)%i3rai)iaris, 

rur,  si  vcl  M)odiciiin  abcriet  ipsa,  insauis  ;"  '  Arioslo  li.  *$.  staflt  HU. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  J.]       Cure  of  Jealousie.  459 

Who  strikes  with  sword,  the  scabbard  them  may  strike, 
And  sure,  love  craveth  love,  like  asketh  like. 

Ea  semper  sludehit,  saitli "  Nevisanus,  pares  redclere  vices,  s\\e 
will  quit  it  if  she  can.  And  therefore  as  well  adviseth  Sira- 
cides,  cap.  9.  1.  teach  her  not  an  evill  lesson  ac/ainst  thi/  self, 
which  as  Jansenius,  Lyranus,  on  this  text,  and  Carthusianus 
interpret,  is  no  otherwise  to  be  understood,  then  that  she  do 
thee  not  a  mischief.  I  do  not  excuse  her  in  accusing  thee ; 
but  if  both  be  naught,  mend  thyself  first;  for  as  the  old  saying- 
is,  a  good  husband  makes  a  good  wife. 

Yea,  but  thou  repliesi,  'Tis  not  the  like  reason  betwixt  man 
and  woman,  through  her  faidt  my  children  are  bastards,  I  may 
not  endure  it;  ^sit  amarnlenta,  sit  imperiosa,  procFu/a,  cNc. let 
her  scolde,  brawle,  and  spend,  1  care  not,  modo  sit  casta,  so  she 
be  honest,  I  could  easily  bear  it;  but  this  1  cannot,  I  may  not, 
1  will  not;  my  faitl),  my  fame,  mine  eye  must  not  be  touched, 
as  the  diverbe  is, 

Non  patitur  tactum  fama,  fides,  oculus. 

I  say  the  same  of  my  wife,  touch  all,  use  all,  take  all  but  this. 
1  acknowledge  that  of  Seneca  to  be  true,  nnllinshoni  jucnnda 
possessio  sine  socio,  there  is  no  sweet  content  in  the  possession 
of  any  good  thing  without  a  companion,  this  only  excepted,  I 
say.  This.  And  why  this?  Even  this  which  thou  so  much  ab- 
horrest,  it  may  be  for  thy  progenies  good ;  "^  better  be  any  mans 
son  then  thine,  to  be  begot  of  base  Irus,  poor  Seius,  or  mean 
Moevius,  the  town  swineheards,  a  shepheards  son  :  and  well 
is  he,  that  like  Hercules,  he  hath  any  two  fathers  ;  for  thou  thy 
self  hast,  peradventure,  more  diseases  then  an  horse,  more  in- 
firmities of  body  and  minde,  acankerd  soule,  crabbed  condi- 
tions, make  the  worst  of  it,  as  it  is  vulnus  insanahile,sic  vnlnns 
insensibile,  as  it  is  incurable,  so  it  is  insensible.  But  art  thou 
sure  it  is  so .'' 

■^  res  agit  ille  tuas  ? 

doth  he  so  indeed  ?  It  may  be,  thou  art  over  suspitious,  and 
without  a  cause  as  some  are:  if  it  be  octimestris  partus,  born 
at  eight  moneths,  or  like  him,  and  him,  they  fondly  suspecte 
he  got  it ;  if  she  speake  or  laugh  familiarly  with  such  or  such 
men,  then  presently  she  is  naught  with  them :  such  is  thy  weak- 
ness. \\'hereas  charity,  or  a  well-disposed  minde,  would  in- 
terpret all  unto  the  best.  S^  Francis,  by  chance,  seeing  a  frier 
familiarly  kissing  another  mans  wife,  was  so  far  from  miscon- 
ceiving it,  that  he  presently  kneeled  down  and  thanked  God 

aSylva  nupt.  1.  4.  num.  72.  b  Lemuius  lib.  4.  cap.  13.  de  occult,  nat.  mir. 

'Optimum  bene  uaaci.     .,      "iMart.     | 


4C0  Love-Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  S. 

there  was  so  much  charity  left:  but  they,  on  the  other  side, 
will  ascribe  nothing-  to  naturall  causes,  indulg-e  nothing-  to  fa- 
miliarity, mutual  society,  fViendshij)  :  but  one  ola  sinister  sus- 
|)ition,  presently  locke  them  close,  watch  them,  thinking  by 
those  meanes  to  prevent  all  snch  inconveniences,  that's  the 
way  to  help  it ;  whereas  by  such  tricks  they  doe  aggravate  the 
mischicfe.     'Tis  but  in  vain  to  watch  that  which  will  away. 

s^Nec  custodiri  si  velit  iiUa  potest; 
Nee  mentem  servare  potes,  licet  omnia  serves; 
Omnibus  exclusis,  intus  adulter  erit. 

None  can  be  kept  resisting  for  her  part. ; 
Tiiough  body  be  kept  close,  within  her  heart 
Advoutry  lurks,  t'  exclude  it  there's  no  art. 

Argus  with  an  hundred  eys  cannot  keep  her,  et  hunc  unus  sitpe 
Jejellit  Jlmor,  as  in  ^  Ariosto. 

If  all  our  hearts  were  eys,  yet  sure,  they  said, 
We  husbands  of  our  wives  should  be  betray 'd. 

Hieronie  holds,  uxor  impmUca  servari  non  potest,  pudica  7ion 
debet  ;  injida  cristas  castitatis  est  necessitas^  to  what  end  is  all 
your  custody  ?  A  dishonest  woman  cannot  be  kept;  an  honest 
woman  ought  not  to  be  kept;  necessity  is  a  keeper  not  to  be 
trusted.  X>iffi.cile  custoditur,  quod plnres  amant ;  that  which 
many  covet, can  hardly  be  preserved, as "^Salisburiensis  thinks. 
1  am  of  /Eneas  Silvius  minde,  ''  Those  jealous  Italians  do  vei-y 
ill  to  locke  up  their  wives  ;  for  icomen  are  of  such  a  disposi- 
tion, they  icill  7nost  covet  that  tchich  isdewjedmost,  andojfend 
least  when  they  have  free  liberty  to  trespass.  It  is  in  vain  to 
locke  her  up  if  she  be  dishonest;  et  tyrannicum  iinperium, 
as  our  great  master  Aristotle  cals  it,  too  tyrannical  a  taske, 
most  unfit.  For  when  she  perceives  her  husband  observes 
her  and  suspects,  liberius peccat,  saith  ^  Nevisanus.  •  Toxica 
zelotypo  dedit  uxor  moecha  marito,  she  is  exasperated,  seeks, 
by  ail  meanes,  to  vindicate  her  self,  and  will  therefore  offend, 
because  she  is  unjustly  suspected.  The  best  course  then  is  to 
let  them  have  their  own  wills,  give  them  free  liberty,  without 
any  keeping-. 

in  vain  our  friends  from  this  do  lis  dehort. 
For  beauty  will  be  where  is  most  resort. 


••  ^  Ovi.l.  amor.  lib.  3.  ele-  A.  ''  Lib.  4.  st.  7'2.  '  Policrat.  lib.  8  c.  11. 

De  amor.  ''Etirial.  ei  Lucret  Qui  tuorts  nrrliidinit,  ineo  judicio  minus  ntiliter 

f'ijciuiit;  stmt  enim  eo  in^viiio  niiiliere.s,  ut  id  poli.ssiimiiii  ciipient,  iiuoH  maxime  dene- 
^ntiir.  Si  liberus  habeiit  linlicrias,  iiiinu.s  d<'liii(|iiiiii(  :  l'rii.>ili'a  .serum  ndliibes,  sx  nousit 
spouk-  caola.  '^  Quaudo  cognoscuut  iiiaritos  lioc  advxrtcrc.  f  Ausouius. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  1.]          Cure  of  Jealoiisie.  461 

If  she  be  honest  as  Lucretia  to  Collatiniis,  Leodamia  to  Pro- 
tesilaus,  Penelope  to  her  Ulysses,  she  will  so  continue  her 
honour,  good  name,  credit ; 

Penelope  conjux  semper  Ulyssis  ero. 

And  as  Phocias  wife  in  '^Plutarch,  called  her  husband  her 
n-ealth,  treasure,  world,  joye,  deliaht,  orbeandspheare,  she  will 
hers.  The  vow  she  made  unto  her  good  man  ;  love,  vertue, 
relig-iou,zeale,arebetter  keepers  then  all  thoselooks,eunuches, 
prisons ;  she  will  not  be  moved. 

b  At  mihi  vel  telhis  optem  prius  ima  dehiscat, 
Aut  pater  omnipotens  adigatme  fulmine  ad  umbras, 
Pallentes  umbras  Erebi,  noctemque  profundam, 
Ante  pudor,  quam  te  violem,  aut  tua  jura  resolvam. 

First  I  desire  the  earth  to  swallow  mee. 

Before  I  violate  mine  honesty  ; 

Or  thunder  from  above  drive  me  to  hell. 

With  those  pale  ghosts,  and  ugly  nights  to  dwell. 

She  is  resolved  with  Dido  to  be  chast ;  though  her  husband  b<^ 
false,  she  will  be  true  :  and  as  Octavia  writ  to  her  Anthony  ; 

*=  These  wals  that  here  do  keep  me  out  of  sight, 
Shall  keep  me  all  unspotted  unto  thee, 
And  tesiifie  that  I  will  do  thee  right, 

I'll  never  stain  thine  house,  though  thou  shame  mee. 

Turn  her  loose  to  all  those  Tarquins  and  Satyres,  she  will  not 
be  tempted.  In  the  time  of  Valence  the  emperour,  saith  d  S*. 
A  ustin,  one  Archidanms,  a  consul  of  Antioch,offered  an  hundred 
pound  of  gold  to  a  faire  yong"  wife,  and  besides  to  set  her  bus- 
band  free,  who  was  then  sub  gravissimd  custodid,  a  dark  pri- 
soner, j^ro  ujiius  noctis  concubitu  :  but  the  chast  matron  would 
not  accept  of  it.  *^When  one  commended  Theanas  fine  arme 
to  his  fellows,  she  took  him  up  short,  Sir,  'tis  not  common;  she 
is  wholly  reserved  to  her  husband.  ^Bilia  had  an  old  man  to 
her  spouse,  and  his  breath  stunke,  so  that  nobody  could  abide 
it  abroad,  comminc/  home  one  day,  he  reprehended  his  u'ife,  he- 
cause  she  did  not  tell  him  ofit:  she  voiced  nnto  himsheiooulde 
have  told  him,  but  that  she  thouf/ht  every  mans  breath  had  been 
as  strong  as  his.  s  Tigranes  and  Armena  his  lady  were  invited 
to  supper  by  king  Cyrus  ;  when  they  came  home,  Tigranes 

•'Opes  suas,  mnndam  suura,  thesaurum  suum,  &;c.  b  Virg.  JEn.  <^ Daniel. 

dl  de  serra.  d.  in  monte  ros.  16.  eO  quam  formosiis  lacertus  hie,  quidam 

inquit  ad  a?quales  conversus  ;  at  ilia,  Publicus^  inquit,  non  est.  '  Bilia  Diniituni 

virum  senem  habuit  et  spiritum  foetidum  habentem,  queni  quum  quidam  exprobrasset, 
&c.  sNumquid  tibi,  Armena,  Tigranes,  videbatnr  esse  pulcher?  et  ilium,  inquit, 

a:depol,&c.      Xenoph.  Cyropsed.  1.  3. 


462  Love-Melanehnhf.  [l*art. '3.  Sec.  3. 

nskcd  liis  wife,  liow  she  liked  Cyrus,  and  wliat  she  did  espe- 
cially coniineiid  in  liim  ?  sho  swore  she  did  iint  ohsprve  him. 
Wht'n  ho  rephfed  ar/oin,  what  then  she  did  observe,  whom 
looked  she  on  ?  She  made  answer.,  Her  husband,  that  said  he 
tcovld  dye  for  her  sake.  Such  are  ihe  properties  and  conili- 
tions  of  g-ood  women:  and  if  she  be  well  given,  she  will  so 
carry  her  self;  if  otherwise  she  be  naught,  use  all  the  meanes 
thou  canst,  she  will  be  naught.  JSTon  decst  animns  sed  cor- 
r»7;/or,  she  hath  so  many  lyes,  excuses,  as  an  hare  hath  meshes, 
tricks,  panders,  bawdes,  shifts  to  deceive,  'tis  to  no  purpose  to 
kee[)  her  uj>,  or  to  reclaime  her  ])y  bard  usage.  Faire  meanes, 
peradventure,  may  do  somewhat. 

^Obsequio  vinces  aptius  ipse  tiio, 

Men  and  women  are  both  in  a  predicament  in  this  behalfe, 
sooner  won  and  better  pacified.  Buci  volnnt  non  co(/i : 
though  she  be  as  arrante  a  scolde  as  Xantippe,  as  cruel  as 
Medea,  as  clamorous  as  Hecuba,  as  lustfull  as  Messalina,  by 
such  meanes  (if  at  all)  she  may  be  reformed.  Many  patient 
I'Grizels  by  their  obserpiiousness  in  this  kinde,  have  reclaimed 
their  husbands  from  their  wandring- lusts.  In  Nova  Francia 
and  Turkic  (as  Lea,  Rachel,  and  Sarah  did  to  Abraham  and 
.Jacob)  they  bring-  their  fairest  damsels  to  their  husbands  beds. 
Livia  seconded  the  lustfull  appetites  of  Augustus  :  Stratonice 
wife  to  king  Seleucus  did  not  only  bring-  Electra,  a  faire  maid, 
toiler  goodmans  bed,  but  brought  up  the  chihlren  begot  on 
her,  as  careful  as  if  they  had  been  her  owne.  Tertius  .^milius 
wife,  Cornelias  mother,  perceiving  her  husbands  intemperance, 
rem  dissimnlaint,  made  much  oflhe  maid,  and  would  take  no 
notice  of  it.  A  new  married  man,  when  a  pickfhank  friend  of 
his,  to  ciu-ry  favour,  had  shewn  him  his  w  ife  familiar  in  private 
M-ith  a  yong  gallant,  courting  and  dallying,  Sic.  Tush,  said 
he,  let  iiim  do  his  worst ;  I  dare  trust  my  wife,  though  1  dare 
not  trust  him.  The  best  remedy  then  is  by  faire  meanes  ;  if 
that  will  not  take  place,  to  dissemble  it  as  I  say,  or  turn  it  oft' 
w  ith  a  jest.  Hear  Guexerras  advice  in  this  case,  vel  joco 
excipies,  vel  silentio  ehides  ;  for  if  you  take  exceptions  at 
every  thing  your  v^ife  doth,  Solomons  wisdome,  Hercules 
valour,  HoTuers  learning,  Socrates  patietice,  Argus  vigilancy 
will  not  serve  turne.  Therefore  minus  malum ,  '=a  leys  mis- 
chief, Nevisanus  holds,  dissimnlare,  to  be  ^  cunarum  emp- 
tor, a  l)uyer  of  cradles,   as  tlie  proverb  is,  then  to  be  too 


»  Ovid.  ^  Read  P.-trarrhs  tale  of  patient  Grizel  in  Chaucer.  "^  Sil.  nup. 

lib.  4.  num.  SI).  ''  Era^smll8. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  I,]         Cure  of  Jealous'ie.  463 

solicitous.  a  A  qoodfeUoiv,  when  his  teije  teas  brought  to 
bed  before  her  time,  hour/ht  half  a  dozen  of  cradles  before 
hand  for  so  many  childrert,  as  if  his  rcife  should  continue  to 
bear  children  at  every  two  moneths.  ''Perlinax  theempcrour, 
when  one  told  liim  a  fidler  was  too  familiar  with  his  empress, 
made  no  reckoning  of  it.  And  when  that  Macedonian  Philip 
Avas  upbraided  with  his  wifes  dishonesty,  cum  tot  victor  re(j- 
noruni  ac  popnlorum  esset,  St-c.  a  conquerour  of  kingxlomes 
could  not  tame  his  wife,  (for  she  thrust  him  out  at  doores)  he 
made  a  jest  of  it.  Sapientes  portant  cornua  in  pectore,  stnlti 
in  fro7ite,  saith  Nevisanus  ;  wise  men  beare  their  homes  in 
their  hearts,  fooles  on  their  foreheads.  Eumenes  king  of 
Pergamus,  was  at  deaiily  feud  with  Perseus  of  Macedonia,  in 
so  much  t!iat  Perseus  hearing  of  a  journey  he  was  to  take  to 
Delphos,  '^set  a  company  of  souldiers  to  intercept  him  in  his 
passage;  they  did  it  accordingly,  and  as  they  supposed,  left 
him  stoned  to  death.  The  newes  of  this  fact  v/as  brought 
instantly  to  Pergamus  :  Attains,  Eumenes  brother  proclaimed 
himself  king  forthwith,  took  possession  of  the  crown,  and 
married  Stratonice  the  queen.  But  by  and  by,  when  contrary 
newes  was  brought,  that  king  Eumenes  was  alive,  and  now 
comming  to  the  citie,  he  laid  by  his  crown,  left  his  wife,  as  a 
private  man  went  to  meet  him,  and  congratulate  his  returne. 
Eumenes  though  he  knew  all  particulars  passed,  yet  dissem- 
bling the  matter,  kindly  embraced  his  brother,  and  took  his 
wife  into  his  favour  again,  as  if  no  such  matter  had  been 
heard  of  or  done.  Jocundo  in  Ariosto,  found  his  wife  in  bed 
with  a  knave,  both  asleep,  went  his  wayes,  and  would  not  so 
much  as  wake  them,  much  less  reprove  them  for  it.  **  An 
honest  fellow,  finding  in  like  sort,  his  wife  had  plaid  false  at 
tables,  and  born  a  man  too  many,  drew  his  dagger,  and  swore 
if  he  had  not  been  his  very  friend,  he  would  have  kill'd  him. 
Another  hearing  one  had  done  that  for  him,  which  no  man 
desires  to  be  done  by  a  deputy,  followed  in  a  rage  with  his 
sword  drawne,  and  having  overtaken  him,  laid  adultery  to  his 
charge;  the  offender,  hotly  pursued,  confessed  it  Avas true;  with 
which  confession  he  was  satisfied,  and  so  left  him,  swearing" 
that  if  he  had  denyed  it,  he  Avould  not  have  put  it  up.  How 
much  better  is  it  lo  do  thus,  then  to  macerate  himself,  im- 
patiently to  rave  and  rage,  to  enter  an  action  (as  xArnoldus 

=  Quum  accepisset  nxorem  peperisse  secundoa  nuptiis  mense,  cunas  qninas  vel  senas 
coemit,  nt  si  forte  uxor  singulis  biniensibns  pareret.  ■'Julius  Capitol,  vita  ejus. 

Quum  palani  cithara^dus  uxorem  diligeret,  ininime  curiosns  fuif.  "^Disposuit 

armatos  qui  ipsum  interficeretit :  hi  protenus  mandatum  exequentes,  &c.  Il!e  et  rex 
declaratur,  et  Stratonicem,  quae  fratri  nupserat,  uxorem  ducit ;  sed  postcjuam  audivlt 
Iratrem  vivere,  &c.  Attalutn  comiter  accepit.  pristinanique  uxorem  couiplexus,  raagno 
houore  apud  se  habuit.  <^  Sir  John  Harringtons  notes  in  28.  book  of 

Ariosto. 


404  Love-Meianc/io/if.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

Tilius  <li<l  in  the  court  of  Tholousc,  against  Martin  Guerre 
his  tcllow  souldier,  for  that  he  counterfeitefl  his  liabit,  and  was 
too  I'aiiiiliar  with  his  >vife)  so  to  divulge  liis  own  shame,  ami 
to  reniaine  for  ever  a  cuckold  on  record  ?  How  much  better 
be  Cornelius  Tacitus,  then  Publius  Cornutus,  to  contenuiein 
such  cases,  or  take  no  notice  of  it?  Melius  sic  errare,  ([nam 
zeloh/pioj  C7iris,  saith  Erasmus,  seconficere^  better  be  awittall 
and  ]>ut  it  up,  then  to  trouble  himself  to  no  purpose.  And 
though  he  will  not  omnibus  dormire,  be  an  asse,  as  he  is  an 
oxe,  yet  to  winke  at  it  as  many  do,  is  notamisse  at  some  times, 
in  some  cases,  to  some  parties,  if  it  be  for  his  commodity,  or 
some  great  mans  sake,  his  land-lord,  patron,  benefactor,  (as 
Calbas  the  Roman  saith  ■"  Plutarch  did  by  Maecenas,  and 
Phallyus  of  Argos  did  by  king  Philip,  when  he  promised  him 
an  office  on  that  condition,  he  might  lye  with  his  wife)  and 
so  to  let  it  passe  : 

b  pol  me  baud  pcenitet 

Scilicet  boni  dimidium  dividere  cum  Jove. 

it  never  troubles  me,  said  Amphitrio,  to  be  cornuted  by  Jn- 
piter ;  let  it  not  molest  thee  then ;  be  friends  with  her. 

•^Tu  cum  Alcmena  uxore  antiquam  in  ^atiam 
Redi 

let  it,  f  say,  make  no  breach  of  love  betwixt  you.  Howso- 
ever, the  best  waye  is,  to  contemne  it ;  which  ''  Henry  the 
second,  king  of  France,  advised  a  courtier  of  his,  jealous  of  1ms 
\vife,  and  complaining  of  her  unchastness,  to  reject  it,  and 
comfort  himself;  for  he  that  suspects  his  wifes  incontinencie, 
and  feares  the  popes  curse,  shall  never  live  a  merry  houre,  or. 
sleep  a  quiet  night :  no  remedy  but  patience.  ^V'hen  all  is 
done,  according  to  that  counsell  of  ^Nevisanus,  si  vitium 
vxoris  corrif/i  non  potest,  J'errendum  est:  if  it  may  not  be 
helped,  it  must  be  endured.  Date  vcniam  et  sustinete  tacit i, 
'tis  Sophocles  advice,  keep  it  to  thy  self;  and  which  Chryso- 
stome  calls  palastram  pkilosophia,  et  domesticnm  r/j/mnasium, 
a  school  of  philosophic,  put  it  up.  There  is  no  other  cure, 
but  time  to  wear  it  out,  injuriarum  remcdium  est  ohlivio,  as  if 
they  iiad  drunk  a  draught  of  Lethe  in  Trophonius  den.  To 
conclude,  age  will  bereave  her  o( it,  dies  dolorem  viinuit,  time 
and  patience  must  end  it. 

*^The  minds  affections  patience  will  appease, 
It  passions  kills,  and  healeth  each  disease. 


aAmator.  Dial.  bpiautiis  seen.  ult.  Amphit.  cldetn.  •'T.Daniel 

ciinjiirat.  French.  ••  Lib  4.  num.  80.  fR.T. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]  Cure  of  Jealousie.  465 


SUBSECT.  II. 

By  jnevention  before,  or  after  marriage  ;  Platos  comnmnitie; 
marry  a  curtisan;  ■philters;  stewes;  to  marry  one  equalin 
yeers,  fortunes,  of  a  good  family^  education,  good  place,  to 
use  them  well,  6fc. 

Of  such  medicines  as  conduce  to  the  cure  of  this  malady,  I 
have  sufficiently  treated ;  there  be  some  good  remedies  remain- 
ing", by  way  of"  prevention,  precautions,  or  admonitions,  which 
if  rightly  practised,  may  Jo  much  good.  Plato  in  his  com- 
monwealth, to  prevent  this  mischiefe,  belike,  would  have  all 
things  common,  wives  and  children  all  as  one  :  and  which 
CcEsar  in  his  commentaries  observed  of  those  oldBritaines,  that 
first  inhabited  this  land;  they  had  ten  or  twelve  Avives  allotted 
to  such  a  family,  or  promiscuously  to  be  used  by  so  many 
men:  not  one  to  one,  as  with  us;  orfoure,  five  or  six  to  one,  as 
in  Turkic.  The  ^Nicholaites,  a  sect  that  sprung,  saith  Austin, 
from  Nicholas  the  deacon,  woukl  have  women  inditlerent ;  and 
the  causeof  this  filthie  sect,  was  Nicholas  thedeacons  jealousie, 
for  which,  when  he  was  condemned,  to  purge  himself  of  his 
offence,  he  broched  this  heresie,  that  it  was  lawful  to  lye  with 
one  anothers  wives,  and  for  any  man  to  lye  with  his.  Like  to 
those  ^  anabaptists  in  Muuster,  that  would  consort  with  other 
mens  wives  as  the  spirit  moved  them.  Or  as  ^Mahomet,  the  se- 
ducing- prophet,  would  needs  use  women  as  he  list  himself,  to 
beget  prophets;  205  their  Alcoran  saith,  were  in  love  with  him, 
and  ^  he  as  able  as  fortiemen.  Amongstthe  old  Carthaginians, 
as  '^Boheiiius  relates  out  of  Sabellicus,  She  king  of  the  countrey 
lay  with  the  bride  the  first  night,  and  once  in  the  year  they  went 
promiscuously  together.  Munster  Cosmog.  lib.  3.  cap.  497. 
ascribes  the  beginning  of  this  brutish  custome(injustly)  to  one 
Picardus  a  Frenchumn,  that  invented  a  new  sect  of  Adamites, 
to  go  naked  as  Adam  did,  and  to  use  promiscuous  venery  at 
set  times.  When  the  priest  repeated  that  of  Genesis,  Increase 
and  multiply,  out  *  went  the  candles  in  the  place  where  they 
met,  and  without  all  respect  of  age,  j)ersons,  conditions,  catch 
that  catch  may,  every  man  took  her  came  next,  S^c.  some  fasten 


a  [jib,  (3e  heres.  Quum  fie  zelo  culparetur,  purgandi  se  causa  permisisse  fertur,  ut 
ea  qui  veliet  uteretur ;  quod  ejus  factum  in  sectam  turpissiraaui  versuui  est,  qua  placet 
usus  indilferens  feminarum.  t)  Sleiden.  Com.  c  Alcoran. 

•1  Alcoran  edit,  a  Bibliandro.  ^  De  mor.  gent.  lib.  cap.  6.     Nupturs  rejri  de- 

virginandae  exhibentur.  f  Luraina  exstinguebantur,  nee  personae  ei  aetatis  habita 

reverentia,  in  quam  quisque  per  tenebras  incidit,  mulierem  cognoscit. 
VOL.  II.  H    H 


400  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

tin's  on  those  ancient  Bohemians  and  Russians;  =* others  on  the 
inhabitants  of  Mambrium,  in  the  Lucerne  valley  in  Piedmont; 
and  as  I  read,  it  was  practised  in  Scotland  amongst  Christians 
themselves ;  until  king-  iNIalcomes  time,  the  king,  or  the  lord 
of  the  town,  had  their  maidenheads.  In  some  parts  of  ''India, 
in  our  age;  and  those  *=  Islanders;  '^  as  amongst  the  Babylo- 
nians of  old,  they  will  prostitute  their  wives  and  daughters 
(which  Chalcocondila,  a  Greek  modern  writer,  for  want  of 
better  intelligence,  puts  upon  us  Britains)  to  such  travellers  or 
sea-faring  men  as  come  amongst  them  by  chance,  to  shew  how 
far  they  were  from  this  feral  vice  of  jealousie,  and  how  little 
they  esteemed  it.  The  kings  of  Calecut,  as  'Lod.  Vertoman- 
nus  relates,  will  not  touch  their  wives  till  one  of  their  Biarmi 
or  high  priests  have  lain  first  with  them,  to  sanctifie  their 
wombes.  But  those  Essaeai  and  Montanists,  two  strange  sects 
of  old,  were  in  another  extream;  they  would  not  marry  at  all, 
or  have  any  society  with  women,  ^  because  oj" their  intemperance 
they  held  them  all  to  be  nanr/ht.  Nevisanus  the  lawyer,  lib.  4. 
7utm.  33.  syl.  nup.  would  have  him  that  is  inclined  to  this 
malady,  to  prevent  the  worst,  marry  a  quean ;  capiens  mere- 
tricem,  hoc  habet  saltern  boni,  r/iiod  non  decipitnr,  c/uia  scit  earn 
sic  esse,  quod  non  contingit  aliis.  A  fornicator,  in  Seneca,  con- 
stuprated  two  wenches  in  a  night:  for  satisfaction,  the  one  de- 
sired to  hang  him,  the  other  to  marry  him.  sHierome,  king 
of  Syracuse  in  Sicily,  espoused  himself  to  Pitho,  keeper  of  the 
stewes;  and  Ptolomy  took  Thais,  a  common  whore,  to  be  his 
wife ;  had  two  sons,  Leontiscus  and  Lagus  by  her,  and  one 
daughter  Irene  :  'tis  therefore  no  such  unlikely  thing.  ''A 
citizen  of  Eugubine  gelded  himself  to  try  his  wives  honesty, 
and  to  be  freed  from  jealousie  :  so  did  a  baker  in  'Basil,  to  the 
same  intent.  But  of  all  other  presidents  in  this  kinde,  that  of 
''Combalus  is  most  memorable  :  who,  to  prevent  his  masters 
.suspition,  for  he  w  asabeautiful  yongman,  and  sent  by  Seleucus 
his  lord  and  king-,  with  Stratonice,  the  queen,  to  conduct  her 
into  Syria,  fearing  the  worst,  gelded  himself  before  he  went, 


»Leander  Albertus.     Flagitioso  ritii  cnncti  in  (rdem  convenientes,  post  impuram 
cOncionem,  exstinctis  Inininibus,  in  Venereni  riumt.  ^  Lod.  Vertomannus 

navig.  lib.  6.  cap.  8.  et  Marcus  Polus  lib.  1.  cap.  4<J.  Uxores  viatoribus  prostituunt. 
c  Dithmarus,  Bleskenius,  ut  Agetas  Aristoni.  Pulcherrimam  uxorem  habens  amico 
prostitait.  ^  HerodoL  in  Erato.  Mulieres  Babyloni  csecnm  hospite  permiscentur 

ob  argenfiim  qnod  post  Veneri  sacrnm.  Bohemus  lib.  2,  *Na\igat  lib.  5. 

cap.  4.  Prius  thonim  non  init,  quani  a  digniore  sacerdote  no\a  nupta  deflorata  sit. 
fBohemns  lib.  2.  cap.  3.  Ideo  nubere  nollent  ob  muliernm  intemperantiam,  nullam 
ser\are  viro  fidem  putabant.  fc'Stt-phanus  privfaL  Herod,     Alius  e  lupanari 

meretricera,  Pitho  dictani,  in  uxorem  duxit;  Ptoloraaeus  Thaideni  nobile  scortum  duiit, 
et  ex  ea  duos  lilios  suscepit.  See.  ''  Poggius  Florent.  '  Felix  Plater. 

I*  Lucian  Salmutz  Tit  2.  de  porcellanis  com.  in  Pancirol.  de  nov.  repert  et  Plu- 
tarchus. 


Mem.  4,  Subs.  2.]  Cure  of  Jealousie.  46/ 

and  left  his  genitals  behind  him  in  a  box,  sealed  up.  His 
mistress  by  tlie  way,  fell  in  love  with  him,  but  he  not  yeelding" 
to  her,  was  accused  to  Seleucus  of  incontinency,  (as  thatBelle- 
rophon  was,  in  like  case  falsely  traduced  by  Sthenobia,  to  king 
Pr{3etus  her  husband,  cum  non  posset  ad  coitum  inducere)  and 
that  by  her,  and  was  therefore  at  his  comming  home,  cast  into 
prison:  the  day  of  hearing  appointed,  he  was  sufficiently  cleared 
and  acquitted  by  shewinghis  privities,  which  to  the  admiration 
of  the  beholders,  he  had  formerly  cut  off.  The  Lydians  used 
to  geld  women  whom  they  suspected,  saith  Leonicus  var.  hist, 
lib.  3.  cap.  59.  as  well  as  men.  To  this  purpose  ^ Saint  Francis, 
because  he  used  to  confess  women  in  private,  to  prevent 
suspition,  and  prove  himself  a  maid,  stripped  himself  before 
the  bishop  of  Assise  and  others :  and  frier  Leonard,  for  the 
same  cause,  went  through  Viterbum  in  Italy,  without  any 
garments. 

Our  pseudocatholickes,  to  help  these  inconveniences  which 
proceed  from  jealousie,  to  keep  themselvesand  their  wives  ho- 
nest, make  severe  lawes:  against  adultery,  present  death :  and 
withal,  fornication  a  venial  sin.  As  a  sink  to  convey  that  fu- 
rious and  swift  stream  of  concupiscence,  they  appoint  and  per- 
mit stewes,  those  punks  and  pleasant  sinners,  the  more  to  secure 
their  wives  in  all  populous  cities;  for  they  hold  them  as  neces- 
sary as  churches.  And  howsoever  unlawful,  yet  to  avoid  a 
greater  mischiefe,  to  be  tolerated  in  policy,  as  usury,  for  the 
hardness  of  mens  hearts  ;  and  for  this  end,  they  have  whole 
colledges  of  curtisans  in  their  towns  and  cities.  Of ''  Catos 
minde,  belike,  that  would  have  his  servants  (cum  ancillis  con- 
ffredi  coitus  causa,  dejinito  cere,  ut  gravio,  afacinora  evitarent, 
cceteris  interim  interdicens)  familiar  with  some  such  feminine 
creatures,  to  avoid  worse  mischiefs  in  his  house,  and  made 
allowance  for  it.  They  hold  it  unpossible  for  idle  persons, 
yong,  rich,  and  lusty,  so  many  servants,  monkes,  friers,  to 
live  honest ;  too  tyrannical  a  burden  to  compel  them  to  be 
chast;  and  most  unfit  to  suffer  poor  men,  yonger  brothers 
and  souldiers  at  all  to  marry,  as  also  diseased  persons,  vota- 
ries, priests,  servants.  Therefore,  as  well  to  helpe  and  ease  the 
one  as  the  other,  they  tolerate  and  wink  at  these  kind  of  brothel 
houses  and  stewes.  Many  probable  arguments  they  have  to 
prove  the  lawfulness,  the  necessity,  and  a  toleration  of  them, 
as  of  usury ;  and  without  question  in  policy,  they  are  not  to 
be  contradicted  :  but  altogether  in  religion.  Others  prescribe 
hikers,  spels,  charms  to  keep  men  and  women  honest.  '^3Iu- 
ier  ut  alienum  virum  non  admittat  pr aster  suum  :  AccipefeU 


I 


a  Ste^amis  «  1.  confor.  Bonavent.  c.  G.  vit.  Francisci.  ^  Plutarch,  vit.  ejus. 

^Wecker  lib.  5.  secret, 

•H  H  2 


468  Love- Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

hirci,  ft  adipem^  et  exsicca,  calescat  in  oleo,  ^-c,  et  non  alium 
prcvter  te  amahit.  In  A  le.vi,  Porta,  SfC.plura  invenies,  et  multo 
his  ahsnrdiora;  nti  et  in  Rhasi,  no  mulier  virum  admiitat,  et 
maritum  solum  dilirjat,  Sfc.  But  these  are  most  part  Pagan, 
impious,  irreligious,  absurde,  and  ridiculous  devices. 

The  best  meanes  to  avoid  these  and  like  inconveniences,  are, 
to  take  away  the  causes  and  occasions.  To  this  purpose, ''Varro 
writSatyrani  3Ienippeam,  but  it  is  lost.  ''Patricius  prescribes 
foure  rules  to  be  observed  in  chusing'  of  a  wife  (which  who  so 
will  may  rede)  Fonseca  the  Spaniard  in  his  45.  c.  Amphitheat. 
Jlmoris,  sets  down  six  special  cautions  for  men,  foure  for  wo- 
men: Sam.  Neander  out  of  Shonbernerus,  five  for  men,  five 
for  women  :  Anthony  Guiverra  many  good  lessons:  ^  Cleobu- 
lus  two  alone, others  otherwise;  as  first,  to  make  a  good  choyce 
in  marriage,  to  invite  Christ  to  their  Medding,  and  which 
'^ Saint  Ambrose  adviseth,  Dtum  conjur/ii prasidejn habere,  and 
to  pray  to  him  for  her,  (a  Domino  enim  datur  uxor  prudens, 
Prov.  19.)  not  to  be  too  rash  and  precipitate  in  his  election,  to 
run  upon  the  first  he  meets,  or  dote  on  every  stout  faire  peece 
he  sees,  but  to  chuse  her  as  much  by  his  ears  as  eys  ;  to  be  well 
advised  whom  he  takes,  of  what  age,  &c.  and  cautelous  in  his 
proceeding.  An  old  man  should  not  marry  a  yong  woman, 
or  a  yong  man  an  old  woman  : 

^Quam  male  inaequales  veniunt  ad  aratra  juvenci ! 

such  matches  must  needs  minister  a  perpetual  cause  of  suspi- 
tion,  and  be  distastful  to  each  other. 

^  Noctua  lit  in  tumulis,  super  atque  cadavera  bubo, 
Talis  apud  Sophoclem  nostra  puella  sedet. 
Night-crows  on  tombes,  owl  sits  on  carcass  dead, 
So  lyes  a  wench  with  Sophocles  in  bed. 

For  Sophocles,  as  s  Athen£eus  describes  him,  was  a  very  old 
man,  as  cold  as  January,  a  bed-fellow  of  bones ;  and  doted  yet 
upon  Archippe  a  yong  curtisan,  then  which  nothing  can  be 
more  odious.  ^Sene.v  maritns  uxori  juveni  ingratns  est,  an 
old  man  is  a  most  unwelcome  guest  to  a  yong  wench,  unable, 
unfit. 

'  Amplexus  suos  fugiunt  puelloe, 
Oranis  horret  amor,  Venusque  Hymenque. 


a  Citatur  a  Gellio.  •>  Lib.  4.  Tit.  4.  de  instit  reipnb.  de  officio  mariti. 

cNe  cum  eu  blande  nimis  agas,  nc  objurges  pnesentibus  extraneis.  ••  Epist.  70. 

eOvid.  f  Alciat.  emb.  UG.  b  Deipiiosoph.  1.  3.  cap.  1*2.        ^  '' Eflripides. 

•  Poutanns  biarum  lib.  1. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]  Cure  ofJedlousie,  469 

And  as,  in  like  case,  a  good  fellow  that  had  a  peck  of  corn 
weekly  to grinde,  yet  would  needs  build  a  new  mill  for  it,found 
his  errour  eftsoons,  for  either  he  must  let  his  mill  lye  waste,  pull 
it  quite  down,  or  let  others  grinde  at  it.    So  these  men,  &c, 

Seneca  therefore  disallowes  all  such  unseasonable  matches; 
hahent  enim  maledicti  locum  crebr(s  nuptice.  And  as  ^Tully 
farther  inveighs,  His  unfit  for  any,  hut  ugly  and  filthy  in  old 
age.  Turpe  senilis  amor,  one  of  the  three  things  ^  God  hateth. 
Plutarch  in  his  book  contra  Coleten,  rails  downright  at  such 
kiiide  of  marriages,  which  are  attempted  by  old  men,  qui  jam 
corpore  impotenti,  et  a  voluptatihis  deserti,  pecca?it  animo  ;  and 
makes  a  question,  whether,  in  some  cases,  it  be  tolerable  at  least 
for  such  a  man  to  marry, 

qui  Vencrem  afFectat  sine  viribus  : 

that  is  now  past  those  venerous  exercises,  as  a  gelded  man  lyes 
with  a  virgin  and  sighs,  Ecclus.  30.  20.  and  now  complains 
with  him  in  Vetronius,  J'unerata  est  hwc  purs  Jam,  qucejuit 
olim  Achillea,  he  is  quite  done. 

*^  Vixit  puellse  nuper  idoneus, 
Et  militavit  non  sine  gloria. 

But  the  question  is,  whether  he  may  delight  himself,  as  those 
Priapeian  popes,  which  in  their  decrepid  age  lay  commonly 
between  two  yong  wenches  every  night,  contactiiformosarum 
et  contrectatione,  rmni  adhuc  gaudeat ;  and  as  many  doting 
syres  still  do  to  their  own  shame,  their  childrens  undoing,  and 
their  families  confusion  :  he  abhors  it,  tanquam  ab  agresti  et 
furioso  domino  J'ugiendum,  it  must  be  avoided  as  a  bedlame 
master,  and  not  obeyed. 


Alecto 

Ipsa  faces  prsefert  nubentibus,  et  malus  Hymen 
Triste  ululat, 

the  divel  himself  makes  such  matches.  <^  Levinus  Lemnius 
reckons  up  three  things,  which  generally  disturb  the  peace  of 
marriage.  The  first  is  when  they  marry  intempestive  or  unsea- 
sonably, as  many  mortall  men  marry  precipitately  and  inconsi- 
derately, when  they  are  effcete  and  old.  The  second,  when  they 
marry  tinequally  for  fortunes  and  birth.  The  third,  when  a 
sick  impotent  person  weeds  one  that  is  sound,  novw  nuptoi  spes 
frustratur :  Many  dislikes  instantly  follow.     Many  doting 

»  Offic.  lib.  Luxnria  cnm  omni  actati  tarpis,  turn  senectuti  foedissima.  *>  Ecclns. 

25.  2.     An  old  man  that  dotes,  &c.  c  Hor.  lib.  3.  ode  26.  ''  Cap.  54. 

instit.  ad  optimam  vitam.  Maxima  mortaliiim  pars  pr;ecipitanter  et  inconsiderate 
nubit,  idque  ea  ;vtate  qiiffi  minus  apta  est;  qnum  senes  adolescentiilse,  samis  morbidsc, 
dives  pauperi,  &c. 


470  Love-Melanclioly.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

ilizarJs,  it  niny  not  be  denyed,  as  Plutarch  confessotb,  ^re- 
create  themselves  with  such  obselete,  iinseasomihle  and  filthy 
remedies  (so  be  calls  thera)  with  a  remembrance  of  their  former 
pleasures,  against  nature,  they  stir  up  their  dead  fiesh  :  but  an 
old  leacher  is  abomiuable ;   mulier  terfio  nuhens,  ""Nevisanus 
hQ\f\s,pr<Esumitur  luhrica  et  inconstans,  a  woman  that  marries 
the  third  time  may  be  presumed  to  be  no  honester  than  she 
should.     Of  them  both  thus  Ambrose  concludes,  in  his  com- 
ment upon  Luke,  '^  they  that  are  coupled  toqether,  not  to  yet 
children,  hut  to  satisfie  their  lust,  are  not  husbands,  but  forni- 
cators ;  M'ith  whom  S'.  Austin  consents.     Matrimony,  without 
hope  of  children,  non  matrimonium,  sed  concubium  did  debet, 
is  not  a  wedding,  but  a  jumbling- or  coupjing"  together.     In  a 
word,  except  they  wed  for  mutual  society,  helpe  and  comfort 
one  of  another,   (in  which  respects,  though  '^  Tiberius  denye 
it,  without  question  old  folks  may  well  marry)  for  sometimes  a 
man  hath  most  need  of  a  wife,  according  to  Puccius,  Mhen 
he  hath  no  need  of  a  wife;  otherwise,  it  is  most  odious,  when 
an  old  Acheronticke  dizard,  that  hath  one  foote  in  his  grave,  a 
silicernium,  shall  flicker  after  a  lusty  yong  wench  that  is  blithe 
and  bonny: 

e  — salaciorque 

Verno  passere,  et  albulis  cohmibis. 

What  can  he  more  detestable  ? 

^Tu  cano  capita  amas,  senex  nequissime, 
Jam  plenus  fetalis,  animaque  foetida, 
Senex  hircosus  tii  osculare  mulierem? 
Utine  adiens  voniilum  potius  excuties  ? 
Thou  old  SToat,  hoary  leacher,  nau«hty  man 
AVith  stinkins:  breath,  art  thou  in  love  ? 
Must  thou  be  slavering- ?  she  spewes  to  see 
Thy  filthie  face,  it  doth  so  move. 

Yet  as  some  will,  it  is  much  more  tolerable  for  an  old  man  to 
marry  a  yong  woinan  (our  ladies  match  they  call  it)  for  eras  erit 
mulier,  as  he  said  in  Tidly.  Cato  the  Roman,  Critobulus  in 
^Xenophon,  '' Tiraquellus  of  late,  Julius  Scaliger,  (S:c.  and 
many  famous  precedents  we  have  in  that  kinde  ;  but  not  e 
contra:  'tis  not  held  fit  for  an  ancient  woman  to  match  with  a 
yong  man.     For  as  Varro  will,  ^Inus  dum  ludit  morti  delicias 

a  Obsoleto,  intempestivo,  tnrpi  remedio  fatenlnr  se  uti ;  recordatione  pristinaram 
voliiptatem  se  recreant,  et  adversante  natiira,  pollinctam  camem  et  enectem  excitant 
b  Lib.  '2.  nu.  35.  ''Qui  vero  non  procreanda?  prolis,  sed  explenda;  libidinis  causa, 

sibi  invirem  ropiilnntiir.  non  tarn  roiijnces  qnam  fomicarii  habentur.  ''Lex  Pa- 

pia.  Sneton.  Claud,  c.  2:?.  erontaniia  biaruni  lib.  I.  fPlautus.  Mercator. 

Sy  mposio.  ''  V^ide  Thuani  historiarn. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]         Cure  of  Jealousie.  471 

Jucit ;  'tis  Charons  match  between  *Cascus  and  Casca,  and 
the  divel  himself  is  surely  well  pleased  with  it.  And  therefore, 
as  the  poet  inveighs,  thou  old  Vetustina  bed-ridden  quean, 
thou  art  now  skin  and  bones, 

^  Cui  tres  capilli,  quatuorque  sunt  denies, 
Pectus  cicadse,  crusculumque  formicae, 
Rugosiorem  quse  geris  stola  frontem, 
Et  arariearum  cassibus  pares  mammas. 
That  hast  three  hairs,  foure  teeth,  a  brest 
Like  grashopper,  an  emmets  crest, 
A  skin  more  rugged  then  thy  coat, 
And  dugs  like  spiders  web  to  boot. 

Must  thou  marry  a  youth  again  ?  And  yet  ducentas  ire  mip- 
tnm  post  mortes  amant :  howsoever  it  is,  as  "^Apuleius  gives  out 
of  his  Meroe,  congressiis  unnosus,  pesti/ens,  ahhorrendus,  a 
pestilent  match,  abominable,  and  not  to  be  endured.  In  such 
case,  how  can  they  otherwise  choose  but  bejealous,  how  should 
they  agree  one  with  another?  This  inequality  is  not  in  yeers 
only,  but  in  birth,  fortunes,  conditions,  and  all  good  qualities. 

•^  Si  qua  voles  apte  nubere,  nube  pari : 
'Tis  my  counsell,  saith  Anthony  Guiverra,  to  choose  such  a 
one.  Civis  civem  ducat,  nohilis  nobilem,  let  a  citizen  match  with 
a  citizen,  a  gentleman  with  a  gentlewoman  ;  he  that  observes 
notthis  precept  (saith  he)  non  generum  sed  malum  geninm  ;  non 
nurum  sedjuriam ;  non  vitce  comitem^  sed  litis  J'omitem  domi 
habebit :  in  stead  of  a  faire  wife  shall  have  a  furie ;  for  a  fit 
son-in-law  a  meer  fiend,  &c.  examples  are  too  frequent. 

Another  main  caution  fit  to  be  observed,  is  this,  that  though 
they  be  equal  in  yeers,  birth,  fortunes,  and  other  conditions,  yet 
they  do  not  omit  vertue  and  good  education,  which  Musonius 
and  Antipater  so  much  inculcate  in  Stobasus  : 

Dos  est  magna  parentum 
Virtus,  et  metuens  alterius  viri 
Certo  fcedere  castitas. 

If,  as  Plutarch  adviseth,  one  must  eat  modinm  salis,  a  bushell 
of  salt  with  him,  before  he  choose  his  friend,  what  care  should 
be  had  in  choosing  a  wife,  his  second  self;  how  sollicitous 
should  he  be  to  know  her  qualities  and  behaviour  ?  and  when 
he  is  assured  of  them,  not  to  prefer  birth,  fortune,  beauty,  be- 
fore bringing  up,  and  good  conditions.  «  Coquage,  god  of 
cuckolds    as  one  merrily  said,  accompanies  the  goddess  Jea- 


a  Catal,  vet.  poetarum.  b  Martial,  lib,  3.  62.  Epig.        -'      <:  Lib,  1.  Miles. 

'  0\id.  e  Rabelais  hist.  Pactagruel.  1.  3.  cap.  33. 


472  Loxe-Meiantioii^.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

locEsk,  bo^  follow  the  fairest,  by  Jophers  appointment,  and 
they  sacrifice  lo  them  tosrether.     Beauty  and  honesty  seldom 
agree ;  straight  personages  have  often  crooked  manners;  faire 
faces,  foale rices :  good complexioiLS,  ill  conditions.  Sus^pieiomis 
plena  re*  est^et  inndiannm,  beauty  (saith ^Chrysostome)  is  fuD 
of  treachery  and  suspition  :  be  that  hath  a  faire  wife,  cannot 
have  a  worse  mischief e,  and  yet  most  covet  it:  as  if  nothing  else 
in  marriage,  but  that  and  wealth  were  to  be  respected.    -  Francis 
Sforza,  duke  of  Millain.  was  so  carious  in  this  behalfe,  that  he 
would  not  many  the  dake  of  Mantuas  daughter,  except  he 
might  see  fcCT"  Mked  first ;  which  Lycurgus  appointed  in  his 
lawes,  and  Morns  in  his  Utopian  Commonwealth  approves. 
'In  Italy,  as  a  traveller  observes,  if  a  man  have  three  or  foure 
daughters,  or  more,  and  they  prove  faire,  they  are  married 
eftsoons:  if  deformed,  they  change  their  lovely  names  of  Lucia, 
Cynthia,  Cam^na,  caU  them  Dorothie,  Lrsula,  Bridget,  and 
so  pot  them  into  monasteries,  as  if  none  were  fit  for  marriage, 
butsuch as areeminentlie faire:  buttbeseareerroneous  teneuts: 
a  modest  virgin  well  conditioned,  to  such  a  fair-snout  peece,  is 
much  to  be  preferred.     If  thou  w3t  avoid  them,  take  away  all 
causes  of  suspition  and  jealousie,  marry  a  coarse  peece,  fetch 
her  from  Cassanslras  -  temple,  which  was  wont  in  Italy  to  lie 
a  sanctuary  of  all  deformed  maids,  and  so  thou  shalt  be  sure 
that  no  man  wOl  make  thee  rcckold,  but  forspight.    A  citizen 
of  Bi2ance  in  Thrace,  had  a  fiULy  dowdy,  deformed  slut  to  his 
wife,  and  finding  ber  in  bed  with  another  maa,  erred  out  as 
one  amazed  J  O  miser  I  fpaz  te  P.ece^^^ia^  knc  ad<ijlt  ?    O  thoa 
wretch,  v^hat  necessity  brought  tbee  hither.'  as  well  he  might ; 
for  who  can  afi'ect  such  a  one?  But  this  is  warily  to  be  under- 
stood, most  ocecd  in  another  ex£ream:  they  prefer  wealth  be- 
fore f^eauty,  and  so  she  be  rich,  they  care  not  bow  she  look ; 
but  these  are  ail  cut  as  faulty  as  the  rest,     Attendenda  temper 
mjrori^Jcrrma. as  *  Salssburiensis  adviseth,  ae  fi alteram  a^pexeris, 
mox  earn  sordere  pTtte*.  as  the  koigbt  in   Chaucer  that  was 
married  to  an  old  woman  ; 

3-r  all  rar  axtrr  ifCO  ^im  zi  an  oisle, 
gs  cxit  kaS  ijim,  ^  bcCr  UaktS  6c  lanlt. 

Have  a  care  of  thy  wifes  complexion,  lest  whilst  thou  seest 
aaother,  thou  loathes!  her.  she  prove  Jealous  thou  naught. 


cKKKKltaL    (fill  Jii  cJtt.  MBi.    K«Me  tn»  Gcr.  ISLSI^lDMtmt  h^ 

hr..  M  ^mk  itmt  ad  Isann,  ay^fa^  ipM  iiiMiiiriftii  CjvOiae.  Gamatwaty  kc 
I  Leaaiam  tie  «ar.  BbX  e  43L  Aflis  virpHH  iL^iMM  Cmmadnt  Umnhm. 
PliAtrek.  *Pai;uiitLK»F.I1. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]         Cure  of  Jealoitsie.  473 

Si  tibi  deformis  conjux,  si  serva  venusta, 
Ne  utaris  serva, 

I  can  perhaps  give  instance.  Molestum  est  possidere  quod 
nemo  habere  dignetur,  a  misery  to  possess  that  which  no  man 
likes  :  on  the  other  side,  difficile  ciistoditur  qnodphires  amant. 
And  as  the  bragging  souldier  vaunted  in  the  comoedy,  nimia 
est  miseria  pulchrum  esse  hominem  nimis.  Scipio  did  never  so 
hardly  besiege  Carthage,  as  these  yong  gallants  will  beset 
thine  house,  one  with  wit  or  person,  another  with  wealth,  &c. 
If  she  he  faire,  saith  Guazzo,  she  will  be  suspected  howsoever. 
Both  extreams  are  naught,  pulchra  cito  adnmatur,fceda facile 
€onc7ipiscit,  the  one  is  soon  beloved,  the  other  loves :  one  is 
hardly  kept,  because  proud  and  arrogant,  the  other  not  worth 
keeping  ;  what  is  to  be  done  in  this  case  ?  Ennius,  in  Mene- 
lippe,  adviseth  thee  as  a  friend,  to  take  statamformam,  si  vis 
habere  incolumem  pudicitiam,  one  of  a  middle  size,  neither 
too  faire,  nor  too  foule  ; 

a  Nec  formosa  magis  quam  mihi  casta  placet, 

which  old  Cato,  though  fit,  let  her  beauty  be,  neque  lectissimaf 
neqtie  illiberalis^  between  both.  This  I  approve;  but  of  the 
other  two  I  resolve  with  Salisburiensis,  cceteris  paribus,  both 
rich  alike,  endov/ed  alike,  majori  miseria  deformis  habetur 
quam  formosa  servatur,  I  had  rather  marry  a  faire  one,  and 
put  it  to  the  hazard,  then  be  troubled  with  a  blowze;  but  doe 
thou  as  thou  wilt,  1  speak  only  of  my  self. 

Howsoever,  quod  iterum  moneo,  1  would  advise  thee  thus 
much,  be  she  i'aire  or  foule,  to  choose  a  wife  out  of  a  good 
kindred,  parentage,  well  brought  up,  in  an  honest  place. 

b  Primum  animo  tibi  proponas  quo  sanguine  creta, 
Qua  forma,  qua  astate,  quibusque  ante  omnia  virgo 
Moribus,  in  junctos  veniat  nova  nupta  penates. 

He  that  marries  a  wife  out  of  a  suspected  inne  or  alehouse, 
buyes  a  horse  in  Smithfield,  and  hires  a  servant  in  Pauls,  as 
the  diverbe  is  ;  shall  likely  have  a  jade  to  his  horse,  a  knave 
for  his  man,  an  arrant  honest  woman  to  his  wife.  Filia  pra- 
sumitur  esse  matri  similis,  saith  <=Nevisanus:  Such  ^ a  mother, 
such  a  daughter :  mail  corvi  malum  ovum,  cat  to  her  kinde. 

e  Scilicet  exspectas  ut  tradat  mater  honestos 
At^ue  alios  mores  quam  quos  habet  ? 


aMarnllns.  bChalonerlib.  9.  de  repub.  Ang.  «Lib.  2.  num.  159. 

^  Si  genetrii  caste ,  caste  quoque  filia  vivit ;  Si  meretrix  mater,  filia  talis  erit.        *  Jnven. 
Sat.  6. 


474  Love-Melancholi/.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3, 

If  the  mother  be  dishonest,   in  all  likelihood  the  daughter 
will  matrizare,  take  after  her  in  all  good  qualities, 

Creden'  Pasiphae  non  tauripotente  futuram 
Tauripetam  ?— 

If  the  dam  trot,  the  foale  will  not  amble.  My  last  caution  is, 
that  a  woman  do  not  bestowe  her  self  upon  a  fool,  or  aji  appa- 
rent melancholy  person ;  jealousie  is  a  sy  mptome  of  that  disease, 
and  fools  have  no  moderation.  Justina,  a  Roman  lady,  was 
much  persecuted, andafter  made  away  by  herjealous  husband, 
she  caused  and  enjoyned  this  epitaph,  as  a  caveat  to  others,  to 
be  engraven  on  her  tombe. 

aDiscite  ab  exemplo  Justinae,  discite  patres, 

Ne  nubat  fatuo  filia  vestra  viro,  &c. 
Learn  parents  all,  and  by  Justinas  case, 
Your  children  to  no  dizards  for  to  place. 

After  marriage,  I  can  give»no  better  admonitions  then  to  use 
their  wives  well  ;  and  which  a  friend  ofmine,  that  was  a  mar- 
ried man,  told  me,  I  will  tell  you  as  good  cheape,  saith  Nico- 
stratus  in  ^  Stobseus,  to  avoid  future  strife,  and  for  quietness 
sake,  when  you  are  m  bed,  take  heed  of'  your  wives  flatterhig 
speeches  over  niglit,  and  curtain  sermons  in  the  morning.  Let 
them  do  their  endeavour  likewise  to  maintain  them  to  their 
meanes,  which '^Patricius ingeminates,  and  let  them  have  liberty 
with  discretion,  as  time  and  place  requires.  Many  women  turn 
queans  by  compulsion,  as  ^  Nevisanus  observes,  because  their 
husbands  are  so  harde,  and  keep  them  so  short  in  diet  and  ap- 
parell,  paupertas  cogit  eas  meretricari,  ])Overty  and  hunger, 
want  of  meanes,  makes  them  dishonest,  or  bad  usage ;  their 
churlish  behaviour  forceth  them  to  fly  out;  or  bad  examples, 
they  doe  it  to  cry  quittance.  In  the  other  extream,  some  are 
too  liberal,  as  the  proverb  is,  turdus  malum  sibi  cacat,  they 
make  a  rod  for  their  own  tailes,  as  Candaules  did  to  Gyges  in 
*  Herodotus,  commend  his  wifes  beauty  hiniselfe,  and  besides 
would  needs  have  him  see  her  naked.  Whilst  they  give  their 
wives  too  much  liberty  to  go  abroad,  and  bountifull  allowance, 
they  are  accessary  to  their  own  miseries;  animce  u.rorum  pes- 
simeolent,  as  Plautus  jybes,  they  have  deformed  soules;  and 
by  their  painting  and  colours  procure  odimn  mar iti,  their  hus- 
bands hate ;  especially, 

aCamerarina  cent.  2.  cap.  54.  oper.  siibcis.  i-Ser.  72.  Quod  amicus  qiiidam 

uxoreni  liabens  mihi  dixit,  dicam  vobia,  in  rubili  cavendaj  adulationes  vesjieri,  mane 
claraores.  <=Lib.  4.  tit.  4.  de  in.stitut.  reipub.  cap.  de  officio  mariti  et  uxoris. 

<i  Lib.  4.  syl.  nup.  nam.  81.  Non  curant  de  iixoribiis,  nee  volnnt  iis  .siibvenire  de  victii, 
vestitu,  &c.  «;ln  Clio.  Speciem  uxoris  snjjra  nioduni  extollens,  fecit  ut  illam 

nadaiu  coram  aspiceref. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]         Cure  of  Jealousie.  475 

a  cum  misere  viscantur  labia  xnariti. 

Besides,  their  wives  (as  ''  Basil  notes)  impudenter  se  exponimt 
masculorum  aspectibits,Jactatites  tunicas,  ct  coram  tripudiantes, 
impudently  thrust  themselves  into  other  mens  companies,  and 
by  their  undecent  wanton  carriage,  provoke  and  tempt  the 
spectators.  Yertuons  women  should  keep  house  ;  and  'twas 
well  performed  and  ordered  by  the  Greeks, 

mulier  ne  qua  in  publicum 

Spectandam  se  sine  arbitro  prsebeat  viro  : 

which  made  Phidias,  belike,  at  Elis  paint  Venus  treading  on 
a  tortoise,  a  symbole  of  womens  silence  and  house  keeping. 
For  a  woman  abroad  and  alone,  is  like  a  deer  broke  out  of  a 
parke,  quam  mille  venatores  msequuntur ,  whom  every  hunter 
foliowes  ;  and  besides,  in  such  places,  she  cannot  so  well  vin- 
dicate her  self,  but  as  that  virgin  Dinah  (Gen.  34.  2.)  going 
forth  to  see  the  daughters  of  the  land,  lost  her  virginity,  she 
may  be  defiled  and  overtaken  on  a  sudden : 
Imbelles  daraee  quid  nisi  prfeda  sumus  ? 
And  therefore  I  know  not  what  philosopher  he  was,  that 
would  have  women  come  but  thrice  abroad  all  their  time,  •=  to 
be  baptized^  married,  and  buried;  but  he  was  too  strait  laced. 
Let  them  have  their  liberty  in  good  sort,  and  go  in  good  sort, 
modo  non  annos  viginti  cetatis  sua;  domi  relinquant^  as  a  good 
fellowe   said,   so  that   they   look  not  twenty  yeers  yonger 
abroad  then  they  do  at  home,  they  be  not  spruce,  neate,  angels 
abroad,  beasts,  dowdies,  sluts  at  home ;  but  seek  by  all  meanes 
to  please  and  gi\e  content   to  their  husbands;  to  be  quiet, 
above  all  things ;  obedient,  silent  and  patient ;  if  they  be  in- 
censed, angry,  chide  a  little,  their  w  ives  must  not  "^  cample 
againe,  but  take  it  in  good  part.     An  honest  woman,  1  cannot 
now  tell  where  she  dwelt,  but  by  report  an  honest  woman  she 
was,  hearing-  one  of  her  gossips  by  chance  complain  of  her 
husbands  impatience,  told  her  an  excellent  remedie  for  it,  and 
gave  her  m  ithall  a  glasse  of  water,  which  when  he  brauled, 
she  should  hold  still  in  her  mouth,  and  that  toties  quoties,  as 
often  as  he  chid ;  she  did  so  two  or  three  times  with  good 
successe,  and  at  length  seeing  her  neighbour,  gave  her  great 
thankes  for  it,  and  would  needs  know  the  ingredients  :  ^  she 
told  her  in  brief  what  it  'was,faire  tcater,  and  no  more  :  for  it 
was  not  the  water,  but  her  silence  which  performed  the  cure. 


*  Javen.  Sat.  6.     He  cannot  kisse  his  wife  for  paint  "        •>  Orat.  contra  ebr; 

«  Ad  baptismum,  matrimonium,  et  tuinuluni.  d  j,jon  vociferatur  ilia  si  maritus 

obganniat.  ^       _   ^Praudem  aperieus,  ostendit  ei  non  aquam,  sed  silentium  iracuudiaj 
moderari. 


476  Love-Melaneholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

Let  every  frowartl  woman  imitate  this  example,  and  be  quiet 
within  doores,  and  (aj:  "31.  Aurelius  prescribes)  a  necessary 
caution  it  is  to  be  o])served  of"  all  good  matrons  that  love  their 
credits,  to  come  liltle  abroad,  but  fbllowe  their  work  at  home  ; 
look  to  their  houshold  atFaires  and  private  business,  ceconomicc 
■incumhcntps,  be  sober,  thrifty,  Mary,  circumspect, modest, and 
compose  themselves  to  live  to  their  husbands  meanes,  as  a 
good  huswife  should  do. 

^  Qiise  studiis  gavisa  coli,  partita  labore  s 
Fallet  opus  cantu,  formcc  assimulata  coronEe 
Cura  puellaris,  circum  fusosque  rotasque 
Cum  velvet,  &c. 

Howsoever  'tis  good  to  keepe  them  private,  not  in  prison. 

c  Quisquis  custodit  uxorem  vectibus  et  seris, 
Etsi  sibi  sapiens,  stultus  est,  et  nihil  sapit. 

Reade  more  of  this  subject,  Horol.  prhic.  lib.  2.  pei'  tofum, 
Arnlsveus polit.  Cyprian, Tertullian,  Bohsus  deniidier.  apparat. 
Godfridus  de  Amor.  lib.  2.  cop.  4.  Levinus  Lemnius,  cap.  54. 
cle  instkut.  Christ.  Barbarns  de  re  uxor.  lib.  2.  cap.  2.  Frnn- 
ciscus  Patricius  de  ivs^titut.  reipuh.  lib.  4.  Tit.  4.  et5.  de  officio 
mariti  et  laoris,  Christ.  Fonseca  Amphifheat.  Amor.  cap.  45. 
Sam.  Neander,  &c. 

These  cautions  concerne  him;  and  if  by  these,  or  his  own 
discretion,  otherwise  he  cannot  moderate  himself,  his  friends 
must  not  be  wanting  by  their  wisdome,  if  it  be  possible,  to 
give  the  party  grieved  satisfaction,  to  prevent  and  remove  the 
occasions,  objects,  if  it  may  be  to  secure  him.  If  it  be  one 
alone,  or  many,  to  consider  whom  he  suspects,  or  at  what 
times,  in  what  places  he  is  most  incensed,  in  what  companies 
''  Nevisanus  makes  a  question,  whether  a  yong  physician 
ought  to  be  admitted  in  case  of  sicknesse,  into  a  new  married 
mans  house,  to  administer  ajulip,  a  syrupe,  or  some  such 
physick.  The  Persians  of  old,  Mould  not  suffer  a  yong  phy- 
sician to  come  amongst  M'onien.  "  Apollonides  Cous  made 
Artaxerxes  cuckold,  and  Mas  after  buried  alive  for  it.  A 
gaoler,   in  Aristametus,  had   a   fine  yong  gentleman  to   his 

Erisoner ;  'in  commiseration  of  his  youth  and  person  he  let 
im  loose,  to  enjoye  the  liberty  of  the  prison,  but  he  unkindly 
made  him  a  cornuto.  Menelaus  gave  good  Melcome  to  Paris, 
a  stranger;  his  M'holc  house  and  family  m  ere  at  his  comman<le ; 
but  he  urgently  stole  aMay  his  best  beloved  wife.  Tlie  like 
measure  was  offered  to  Agis,  king  of  Lacedamon,  by  «  Alci- 

a  Horol.  Princi.  lib.  2.  cap.  H.  Diligenter  ravenflum  fceiuinis  iliustribus  iie  fre- 
cpienter  exeaiit.  •' Cliaioner.  <"  Mi-nandiT.  •' Lib.  5.  num.  I). 

"  Ctesias  in  Persicis  finxit,  vulvae  raorbiira  esse,  nee  curari  posse,  nisi  ciiiii  viro  <  oiicum- 
beret ;  liac  arte  voti  compos,  &c.  '  Exsolvit  vinculis  aolutuui»iue  liciuisit,  at  ille 

luhumanus  stupravit  conjugtiii.  k  Plutarch,  vita  ejus. 


Mem.  4.  Subs.  2.]  Cure  of  Jealoiisie.  ^Tti 

blades   an  exile  ;    for   his   good  entertainment,  he  was  too 
familiar  with  Tiinsea  his  wife,  begetting  a  childe  of  her  called 
Leotichides ;  and  bragging,  moreover,  when  he  came  home 
to  Athens,   that  he  had  a  son  should  be  king  of  the  Lacedaj- 
monians.      If  such  objects  were  removed,  no  doubt  but  the 
parties  might  easily  be  satisfied,  or  that  they  could  use  them 
gently,  and  intreat  them  well,  not   to  revile  them,  scoffe  at, 
hate  them,   as  in  such  cases  commonly  they  doe  ;  'tis  an  hu- 
mane infirmity,  a  miserable  vexation  ;  and  they  should  not  add 
griefe  to  griefe,  nor  aggravate  their  misery,  but  seek  to  please, 
and  by  all  meanes,  give  them  content;  by  good  counsell ;  re- 
moving such  offensive  objects,  or  by  mediation  of  some  discreet 
friends.     In  old  Rome,  there  was  a  temple  erected  by  the  ma- 
trones  to  the  ""  Viriplaca  Dea,  another  toVenns  verticorda,  qiice 
maritos  nxorihus  reddebat  henevolos,  whither  (if  any  difference 
hapned  betwixt  man  and  wife)  they  did  instantly  resort:  there 
they  did  offer  sacrifice,   a  white   hart,  Plutarch  records,  sine 
felle,  without  the  gall  (some  say  the  like  of  Junos  temple)  and 
made  their  prayers  for  conjugall  peace  :  before  some  ''indif- 
ferent arbitratours  and  friends,  the  matter  was  heard  betwixt 
man  and  wife,  and  commonly   composed.       In  our  times  we 
want  no  sacred    churches,  or  good  men  to  end  such   contro- 
versies, if  use  were  made  of  them.      Some  say  that  precious 
stone  called "  beryllus,  others  a  diamond,  hath  excellent  vertue, 
contra  hostium  hijurias,ei  conjugatos  invicem  conciliare,  to  re- 
concile men  and  wives,  to  maintaiue  unitie  and  love  ;  you  may 
trye  this  when  you  will,  and  as  you  see  cause.     If  none  of  all 
these  meanes  and  cautions  will  take  place,  I  know  not  what 
remedy  to  prescribe,  or  whither  such  persons  may  go  for  ease, 
except  they  can  get  into  the  same  "*  Turkic  paradise,  icherethey 
shall  have  as  manyfaire  unves  as  they  icill  themselves,  xcith 
cleare  eys,  and  such  as  look  on  none  but  their  oicn  husbands  ; 
no  fear,  no  danger  of  being  cuckolds.     Or  else,  I  would  have 
them  observe  that  strict  rule  of  ^  Alphonsus,  to  marry  a  deaf 
and  dumb  man  to  a  blinde  woman.     If  this  wili  not  help,  let 
them,   to  prevent  the  worst,  consult  with  an  '  astrologer,  and 
see  whether  the  significatours  in  her  horoscope  agree  with  his, 
that  they  be  not  in  signis  et  partihns  odiose  intuentibus  aut 
imperantihus,  sed  mntuo  et  amice  antisciis  et  ohedientibns ; 
otherwise,   (as  they  holde)  there  will  be  intolerable  enmities 
between  them.     Or  else  get  him  si y ilium  Veneris,  acharacter- 

"Rosinuslib.  2.  19.     Valerius  lib.  2.  cap.  1.  b  Alexander  ab  Alexandro 

1.  4.  cap.  8.  et  gen.  dier.  f  Fr.  Rneus  de  gemmis  1.  2.  cap.  8.  et  15.  ''  Strozius 

Cicogua  lib.  2.  cap.  15.  spirit,  et  incan.  Habent  ibidem  uxores  qaot  volunt,  cnm 
ocalis  clarissimis,  quos  nunquam  in  aliquem  praster  maritum  fixnri  sunt,  &c.  Breden- 
bacchius,  idem  et  Boheraus,  &c.  e  Uxor  caeca  ducat  maritum  surdum,  &c. 

fSee  Vaient,    Nabod.  ditfer.  com.  in  Alcabitium,  ubi  plura. 


478  Love-Melancholy.  [Pavt.  3.  Sec.  3. 

istical  seal  stamped  in  tho  daye  and  hoiire  of  Venus,  wlien  she 
isfortunate,  with  such  and  such  set  words  and  channes  ;  which 
Villanovanus  and  Leo  Suavius  prescribe,  ex  sif/iUis  vutf/icis 
Saloni07iis,  Hermetis,  Ragiielis,  S^'C.  with  many  suche  :  which 
Alexis,  Albertus,  and  some  of  our  natural  magitians  put  upon 
us  :  ut  mulier  cum  aliquo  adidterare  iion  possit,  hicide  de  en- 
plllis  ejus,  Sfc.  and  he  shall  surely  he  2;^racious  in  all  womens 
eys,  and  never  suspect  or  disagree  with  his  own  wife,  so  long 
as  he  wears  it.  If  this  course  be  not  approved,  and  other  re- 
medies may  not  be  had,  they  must,  in  the  last  place,  sue  for 
a  divorce  :  but  that  is  somewhat  difficult  to  effect,  and  not  all 
out  so  fit.  For  as  Felisacus,  in  his  tracte  de  justd  more  ur- 
geth,  if  that  lawe  of  Constantino  the  great,  or  that  of  Theo- 
dosius  and  Valentinian,  concerning  divorce,  were  in  use  in 
our  times,  innumeras  prope  modmn  viduas  haheremus,  et  coelihes 
vivos,  we  should  have  almost  no  married  couples  left.  Try 
therefore  those  former  remedies  :  or  as  ""Tertullian  reports  of 
Democritus,  that  put  out  his  eys  because  he  could  not  look 
upon  a  woman  without  lust,  and  was  much  troubled  to  see 
that  which  he  might  not  enjoye ;  let  him  make  himself  blinde, 
and  so  he  shall  avoid  that  care  and  molestation  of  watching  his 
wife.  One  other  soveraign  remedie  I  could  repeat,  an  especial 
antidote  against  jealousie,  an  excellent  cure,  but  I  am  not 
now  disposed  to  tell  it,  not  that  like  a  covetous  emperick  I  con- 
ceal it  for  any  gaine,  but  for  some  other  reasons,  I  am  not 
willing  to  publish  it;  if  you  be  very  desirous  to  know  it, 
when  1  meet  you  next,  I  will  peradventure  tell  you  what  it  is 
in  your  ear.  This  is  the  best  counsell  I  can  give  ;  which  he 
that  hath  need  of,  as  occasion  serves  may  applye  unto  himself. 
In  the  mean  time, 

Di  talem  terris  avertite  pestem, 


as  the  proverbe  is,  from  heresie,  jealousie,  and  frensie,  good 
Lord  deliver  us. 


'Cap.  46.  Apol.  Quod  mulieres  sine  concupiscentia  aspicere  non  posset,  &c. 


(    479   ) 

SECT.  IV. 

MEMB.  I.     SUBSECT.  I. 

RELIGIOUS  MELANCHOLY. 

Its  object  God;  what  his  beauty  is;  how  it  allureth.     The 
parts  and  parties  affected. 

X  HAT  there  is  such  a  distinct  species  of  Love-Melancholy, 
no  man  hath  ever  yet  doubted ;  but  whether  this  sub-division  of 
^  Religious  Melancholy  be  warrantable,  it  may  be  controverted. 

''Pergite,  Pierides,  medio  nee  calle  vagantem 
Linquite  me,  qua  nulla  pedum  vestigia  ducunt, 
Nulla  rotfe  currus  testantur  signa  priores. 

I  have  no  patterne  to  followe  as  in  some  of  the  reste,  no  man 
to  imitate.  No  physician  hath  as  yet  distinctly  written  of  it 
as  of  the  other ;  all  acknowledge  it  a  most  notable  symptome, 
some  a  cause,  but  few  a  species  or  kinde.  '^  Aretseus,  Alex- 
ander, Rhasis,  Avicenna,  and  most  of  our  late  writers,  as 
Gordonius,  Fuchsius,  Plater,  Bruel,  Montaltus,  &c.  repeateit 
as  a  symptome.  ^  Some  seem  to  be  inspired  of  the  holy  Ghoste; 
some  take  upon  them  to  be  prophets  ;  some  are  addicted  to  new 
opinions  ;  some  foretell  strange  things,  de  statu  mundi  et  Anti- 
christi,  saith  Gordonius.  Some  will  prophecy  of  the  end  of  the 
world  to  a  daye  almost,  and  the  fall  of  the  Antichrist,  as  they 
have  been  addicted  or  brought  up ;  for  so  melancholy  works 
with  them,  as  ^  Laurentius  holds.  If  they  have  been  precisely 
given,  all  their  meditations  tend  that  way,  and  in  conclusion, 
produce  strange  effects,  the  humour  imprints  symptomes  ac- 
cording to  their  several  inclinations  and  conditions,  which 
makes  ^Guianeriusand  »FelixPlater,  put  too  much  devotion, 
blinde  zeal,  feare  of  eternall  punishment,  and  the  last  judge- 
ment, for  a  cause  of  those  enthusiasticks  and  desperate  per- 
sons. But  some  do  not  obscurely  make  a  distinct  species  of  it, 
dividing  Love-Melancholy  into  that  whose  object  is  women  ; 


*  Called  Religious,  because  it  is  still  conversant  about  religion  and  such  divine  ob- 
jects. ''Grotias.  <■  Lib.  1.  cap.  16.  Nonnulli  opinionibus  addicti 
sunt,  et  futura  se  prsedicere  arbitrantur.  "i  Aliis  videtur  quod  sunt  prophetae, 
et  inspirati  a  Spiritu  Sancto,  et  incipiuat  prophetare,  et  multa  futura  prasdicunt. 
eCap.  6.  de  Melanch.  fCap.  5.  Tractat.  Multiob  ttmoreni  Dei  sunt  melan- 
cholici,  et  timorem  gehennse.    They  are  still  troubled  for  their  sins.      ,  ?  Plater. 

£.13. 


480  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

and  into  the  other,  whose  o))ject  is  God,  Plato  in  Convivio, 
makes  mention  of  two  distinct  furies;  and  anionost  our  Neo- 
tericks,  Hercules  de  Saxonid,  lib.  \.  pract.  med.  cap.  IG.cap. 
de  Melanch.  doth  expresly  treate  of  it  as  a  distinct  species. 
'^  Love-Melanchohf  (saith  he)  is  tirofolde ;  the  first  is  that 
(to  which  peradventiire  some  rvill  not  vouchsafe  this  name  or 
species  of  melancholy )  affection  of  those  which  put  God  for 
their  object,  and  are  altogether  about  pi'ayer,  fasting^  6^-c.  the 
other  about  women.  Peter  Forestus,  in  his  observations,  de- 
livereth  as  much  in  the  same  words :  and  Felix  Platerus  de 
mentis  alienat.  cap,  3.  frequentissima  est  ejus  species,  in  qua 
curandd  sapissime  multum  fui  impeditus  ;  'tis  a  frequent 
disease  ;  and  they  have  a  ground  of  what  they  say,  forth  of 
Aretseus  and  Plato.  '' Aretseus,  an  old  authour,  in  his  third 
booke,  cap.  6.  doth  so  divide  Love-Melancholy,  and  derives 
this  second  from  the  first,  which  comes  by  inspiration  or  other- 
wise. •=  Plato,  in  his  Phsedrus,  hath  these  words,  ApoUos 
priests  in  Delphos,  and  at  Dodona,  in  their  furie  do  many 
pretty  feats,  and  benefit  the  Greekes,  but  never  in  their  riqht 
wits.  He  makes  them  all  mad,  as  well  he  might ;  and  he  that 
shall  but  consider  that  superstition  of  old,  those  prodigious 
effects  of  it  (as  in  its  place  I  will  shew  the  several  furies  of 
our  Fatidici  Dii,  Pythonissas,  Sibyls,  Enthusiasts,  Pseudo- 
prophets,  Heretiques  and  Schisniaticksin  these  our  latter  ages) 
shall  instantly  confess,  that  all  the  world  again  cannot  afford 
so  much  matter  of  madness,  so  many  stupend  symptonies,  as 
superstition,  heresie,  schisme  hath  brought  out  ;  that  this 
species  alone  maybe  parallel'dtoall  the  former,  hafh  agreater 
latitude,  and  more  miraculous  effects  ;  that  it  more  besots  and 
infatuates  men,  then  any  other  above  named  Avhatsoever;  doth 
more  harme,  work  more  disquietness  to  mankinde,  and  hath 
more  crucified  thesoules  of  mortall  men,  (such  hath  been  the 
divels  craft)  then  wars,  plagues,  sicknesses,  dearth,  famine 
and  all  the  rest. 

Give  me  but  a  little  leave,  and  I  will  set  before  your  eys,  in 
briefe,  a  stupend,  vast,  infinite  ocean  of  incredible  madness 
and  folly :  a  sea  full  of  shelves  and  rockes,  sands,  gulfes, 
Euripes  and  contrary  tides  ;  full  of  fearfull  monsters,  uncouth 
shapes,  roaring  waves,  tempests,  and  Siren  calmes,  Halcyonian 
seas,  unspeakable  misery,  such  comoedies  and  tragoedies, 
such  absurde  and  ridiculous,  ferall  and  lamentable  fits,  that  I 

*  Melancholia  Erotica,  vel  quae  cum  araore  est,  duplex  est:  prima,  qua;  ab  aliis 
forsan  non  meretur  nomen  melancholia',  est  affectio  eorum  qui  pro  objecto  proponunt 
Deum,  et  ideo,  nihil  aliud  curaut  aut  cogitant  quam  Deum,  jejunia,  visilias ;  altera 
ob  mulieres.  ''Alia  reperitur  furoris  species  a  prima  vel  a  secunda,  Deorum 

rogantiuin,  vel  afilatu  numinum  furor  hie  venit.  cQui  in  Delphis  futura 

praedicunt  vatea,  et  in  Dodona  aacerdotes  furentes,  quideni  nmlta  jucunda  Graiis  de- 
ferunt,  sani  vera  exigua  aut  nulla. 


Mem.  6.  Subs.  5.]     Religious  Melanchoiy.  481 

know  not  whether  they  are  more  to  be  pitied  or  derided,  or 
may  be  beleeved ;  but  that  we  daily  see  the  same  still  prac- 
tised in  our  dayes,  fresh  examples,  nova  ??or?V<«,  fresh  objects 
of  misery  and  madness  in  this  kinde,  that  are  still  represented 
unto  us,  abroad,  at  home,  in  the  midst  of  us,  in  our  bosomes. 

But,  before  I  can  come  to  treat  of  these  several  errours 
and  obliquities,  their  causes,  symptomes, affections,  &c.  I  must 
say  something-  necessarily  of  the  object  of  this  love,  God  him- 
self; what  this  love  is  ;  how  itallureth  ;  whence  it  proceeds ; 
and  (which  is  the  cause  of  all  our  miseries)  how  we  mistake, 
wander  and  swerve  from  it. 

Amongst  all  those  divine  attributes  that  God  doth  vindicate 
to  himself,  eternity,  omnipotency,  immutability,  wisdome,  ma- 
jesty, justice,  mercy.  Sac.  his  » beauty  is  not  the  least.  One 
thincf,  saith  David,  have  1  desired  of  the  Lord,  arid  that  I  icill 
stili  desire,  to  behold  the  beauty  of  the  Lord,  Psal,  27.  4.  And 
out  ofSion  which  is  the  perfection  of  beauty,  hath  Godshinedy 
Psal.  50.  2.  All  other  creatures  are  faire,  1  confess;  and  many 
other  objectsdomuch  enamour  us, a  faire  house,  afaire  horse, 
a  comely  person.  ''/  am  amazed,  saith  Austin,  when  1  look 
up  to  heaven,  and  behold  the  beauty  of  the  stars,  the  beauty 
of  angels,  principalities,  powers,  who  can  expresseit?  who 
can  sufficiently  commend,  or  set  out  this  beauty  ichich  appears 
in  us  ?  so  faire  a  body,  so  faire  a  face,  eys,  nose,  cheeks,  chin,^ 
browes,  all  faire  and  lovely  to  behold  ;  besides  the  beauty  of 
the  soule  which  cannot  be  discerned.  Ifive  so  labour,  and  be 
so  much  effected  icith  the  comeliness  of  creatures,  hoiv  should 
%ve  be  ravished  with  that  admirable  lustre  of  God  himself? 
If  ordinary  beauty  have  such  a  prerogative  and  power,  and 
what  is  amiable  and  faire,  to  draw  the  eys  and  ears,  hearts 
and  affections  of  all  spectatours  unto  it,  to  move,  win,  entise, 
allure  :  how  shall  this  divine  forme  ravish  our  soulcs,  which 
is  the  fountain  and  quintessence  of  all  beauty?  Coelum  puU 
chrum,  sed  pulchrior  coeli  fabricator ;  if  heaven  be  so  faire,  the 
sun  so  faire,  how  much  fairer  shall  he  be,  that  made  them  faire  ? 
For  by  the  greatness  and  beauty  of  the  creatures,  proportionally 
the  maker  of  themis  seen.  Wisd.  13  5.  If  there  be  such  plea- 
sure in  beholding  a  beautifull  person  alone, and  as  a  plausible 
sermon,  he  so  much  affect  us,  what  shall  this  beauty  of  God 
himself,  that  is  infinitely  fairer  then  all  creatures,  men,  angels, 
&c.  "  Omnis  pulchritudo  forum,  hominum,  angelorum,  et 
rerum  omnium  pulcherrimarum  ad  Dei pulchritudinem  collata, 

a  Deos  bonus,  Justus,  pnlcher,  juxta,  Platonem.  ^Wltoj  et  stupeo. 

ciim  coelnm  aspicio  et  pulchritudinem  sideruni,  angelorum,  &c.  et  quis  digne  laudet 
quod  in  nobis  viget,  corpus  tarn  pulchrum,  frontem  pulchrum,  nares,  genas,  oculos,  in- 
teilectum,  omnia  pulchra?  si  sic  in  creaturis  laboramus,  quid  in  ipso  Deo  '>.  c  Drex- 

elius  Nicetclib.  2.  cap.  11. 

VOL.    II.  II 


482  Religious  Melancholy.        [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

nox  est  et  tenehrce ;  all  other  beauties  are  night  it  self,  meer 
darkness  to  this  our  inexplicable,  incomprehensible,  unspeak- 
able, eternall,  infinite,  admirable  and  divine  beauty.  This 
lustre,  pulckritndo  omnium  pnlcherrima.  This  beauty  and 
^splendor  of  the  divitie  3Tajesfi/,  is  it  thatdrawes  all  creatures 
to  it,  to  seeke  it,  love,  admire,  and  adore  it.  And  those  hea- 
thens, pag-ans,  philosophers,  out  of  those  reliques  they  have 
yet  left  of  Gods  image,  are  so  far  forth  incensed,  as  not  only 
to  acknowledge  a  God,  but,  though  after  their  own  inventions, 
to  stand  in  admiration  of  his  bounty,  goodness,  to  adore  and 
seeke  him  ;  the  magnificence  andstructure  of  the  world  it  self, 
and  beauty  of  all  his  creatures,  his  goodness,  providence,  pro- 
tection, inforceth  them  to  lovehim,  seeke  him,  fear  him, though 
a  wrong  \vay  to  adore  him.  But  for  us  that  are  Christians,  re- 
generate, that  are  his  adopted  sons,  illuminated  by  his  word, 
havingthe  eys  of  our  hearts  and  understandings  opened ;  how 
fairly  doth  he  offer  and  expose  himself!  Ambit  7ios  Deus 
(Austin  saith)  donis  etjormd  sua,  he  wooes  us  by  his  beauty, 
gifts,  promises,  to  come  unto  him  ;  ^  the  tchole  scripture  is  a 
message,  an  exhortation,  a  love  letter  to  this  purpose,  to  in- 
cite us,  and  invite  us;  "^Gods  Epistle,  as  Gregory  cals  it,  to  his 
creatures.  He  sets  out  his  son  and  his  church  in  thatepithala- 
mium  or  mysticall  song  of  Solomon,  to  enamour  us  the  more  ; 
comparing  his  head  to  fine  gold,  his  lockes  curled  and  black  as 
a  raven,  Cant.  5.  10.  his  ei/s  like  doves  on  rivers  of  waters, 
washed  with  milk  ;  his  lippes  as  lillies,  dropping  doirn  pure 
juyce,  his  hands  as  rings  of  gold  set  with  chrysolite  :  and  his 
church  to  a  vineyard,  a  garden  inclosed,  afountaine  of  living 
waters,  an  orchard  of  pomegranates,  with  sweet  seiits  of  saf- 
fron, spike,  calamus  and  cinnamon,  and  all  the  trees  of  incense, 
as  the  chief  spices,  the  fairest  amongst  women,  Jio  spot  in  her, 
'*  his  sister,  his  spouse,  undefiled,  the  only  daughter  of  her  mo- 
ther, dear  unto  her,  f aire  as  the  moone,  pure  as  the  sun,  looking 
out  as  the  morning.  That  by  these  figures,  that  glasse,  these 
spiritual  eys  of  contemplation,  we  might  perceive  some  resem- 
blance of  his  beauty,the  love  betwixt  his  church  and  him.  And 
so  in  the  45  Psalm,  this  beauty  of  his  church  is  compared  to  a 
Queen  in  a  venture  of  gold  of  Ophir,  embroidered  raiment  of 
needle  worke,  that  the  king  might  take  pleasure  in  her  beauty. 
To  incense  us  further  yet,  "^  John  in  his  Apocalypse,  makes  a 
description  of  that  heavenly  Jerusalem,  the  beauty  of  it,  and 
in  it  the  maker  of  it ;  likening  it  to  a  city  of  pure  gold,  like 
unto  deer  glasse,  shining  and  garnished  with   all  manner  of 

'  Fulgor  diriuae  mogestatis.     Aug.  b  In  Psal.  64.  Misit  ad  nos  epistolas  et 

totam  scripturain,  qnibus  nobis  fareret  aniandi  desideriuni.         ^Epist.  48.  1.  4.     Quid 
rst  tota  scriptura  nisi  epistola  oinnipotentis  Dei  ad  creaturam  suam?  >i  Cap.  4.  9. 

^Cap.21..11. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  I.J     That  it  is  a  distinct  Species.  483 

precious  stones,  having  7io  need  of  sun  or  7noone:for  the  lamhe 
is  the  light  of  it,  the  glory  of  God  doth  illitminate  it :  to  give 
Its  to  understand  the  infinite  glory,  beauty  and  happiness  of' it. 
Not  that  it  is  no  fairer  then  these  creatures  to  which  it  is  com- 
pared, but  that  this  vision  of  his,  this  lustre  of  his  divine  ma- 
jesty, cannot  otherwise  be  expressed  to  our  apprehensions,  wo 
tongue  can  tell,  no  heart  can  conceive  it,  as  Paul  saith.  Moses 
himself,  Exod.  33.  18.  when  he  desired  to  see  God  in  his  glory, 
was  answered,  that  he  might  not  endure  it,  no  man  could  see 
his  face  and  live.  Sensible  forte  destruit  sensum,  a  strong"  ob- 
ject overcometh  the  sight,  according-  to  that  axiome  in  phi- 
losophy '.fulgorem  solisferre  non  j)otes,multo  magis  creatoris: 
if  thou  canst  not  endure  the  sun  beames,  how  canst  thou  en- 
dure that  fulgor  and  brightness  of  him  that  made  the  sun  ? 
The  sun  it  self,  and  all  that  we  can  imagine,  are  but  shadowes 
of  it;  'tis  visio prcvcellens,  as  ^Austin  calls  it,  the  quintessence 
of  heaaty  this,  tvhich  far  exceeds  the  beauty  of  heavens,  sun 
and  moone,  stars,  angels,  gold  and  silver,  woods,  faire  fields, 
and  whatsoever  is  pleasant  to  behold.  All  those  other  beauties 
fail,  vary,  are  subject  to  corruption,  to  loathing*;  ^bitt  this  is 
an  immortall  vision,  a  divine  beauty,  an  immortall  love,  an  in^ 
defatigable  love  and  beauty,  with  sight  of  which  we  shall  never 
be  tired,  nor  wearied,  but  still  the  more  we  see,  the  more  we 
shall  covet  him.  *=  For  as  one  saith,  ivhere  this  vision  is,  there 
is  absolute  beauty  ;  and  ivhei'e  is  that  beauty,  from  the  same 
fountaine  comes  all  pleasure  and  happiness  ;  neither  can  beauty, 
pleasure,  happiness,  be  separated  from  his  vision  or  sight,  or 
his  vision  from  beauty,  pleasure,  happiness.  In  this  life  we 
have  but  a  glimpse  of  this  beauty  and  happiness;  we  shall 
hereafter,  as  John  saith,  see  him  as  he  is :  thine  eys,  as  Isay 
promiseth,  33-  1 7.  shall  behold  the  king  in  his  glory ;  then 
shall  we  be  perfectly  enamored,  have  a  full  fruition  of  it,  de- 
sire, "^  behold  and  love  him  alone,  as  the  most  amiable  and 
fairest  object,  or  smmnum  bonum,  or  chiefest  good. 

This  likewise  should  we  now  have  done,  Had  not  our  will 
been  corrupted  ;  and  as  we  are  enjoyned  to  love  God  with  all 
our  heart,  and  all  our  soule  :  for  to  that  end  were  we  born,  to 
love  this  object,  as  ^  Melancthon  discourseth,  and  to  enjoye 
it.     Atid  him  our  will  would  have  loved  and  sought  alone  as  our 


*  In  Psal.  85.     Oranes  pulchritudines  terrenas  aurij  argenti,  nemorum  et  camporum, 

Eulchritudinem  solis  et  lunas,  stellariim,  omnia  pulchra  superans.  b  inmaortalis 

sec  visiO;  immortalis  amor,  indefessus  amor  et  visio.  <=  Osorius.  Ubicunque  visio 

et  pulchritudo  divini  aspectiis  ibi  voluptas  ex  eodem  fonte  omnisque  beatitudo,  nee  ab 
ejus  aspectu  voluptas,  nee  ab  ilia  voliiptate  aspectus  separari  potest  dLeon 

Hebrffius,  Dnbitatur  an  humana  felicitas  Deo  eognoscendo  an  amando  terminetur. 
eLib.  de  anima.  Ad  hoc  objectum  amandum  et  fruendum  nati  snmus :  et  hunc  expe- 
tisset,  unieum  hnnc  amasset,  humana  voluntas,  ut  sumnmm  bonum,  et  caeteras  res 
omnes  eo  ordine. 

1  i2 


484  Religious  Melancholy.        [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

summuni  bonum,  or  principnll  good,  and  all  other  (food thiuqs 
for  Gods  sake:  and  nature  as  she  proceeded  from  it,  xrould 
have  sought  this  f'outitaiue  :  hut  in  this  iufirmitij  of  humane 
nature  this  order  is  disturbed,  our  love  is  corrupt :  and  a  man 
is  like  that  monster  in  -'I'lato,  composed  of  a  Scylla,  alyon,  and 
a  man.  Me  are  carriejl  away  lieadlono-  witli  tlie  torrent  of'onr 
affections:  the  world,  and  that  infinite  variety  of  pleasing-  ob- 
jects in  it,  do  so  allure  and  enamor  us,  that  we  cannot  so  much 
as  look  towards  God,  seeke  him,  or  think  on  him  as  we  should  : 
•we  cannot,  saith  x4ustin,  rempub.  coelestem  cogitare,  we  cannot 
contain  our  selves  from  them,  their  sweetness  is  so  pleasing- 
to  us.  IMarriage,  saith  ^  Gualter,  detains  many  ;  a  thinq  in 
it  self  laudable,  good  and  necessarg,  but  mang  deceived  and 
carried  aivag  with  the  blinde  love  oj'it,  have  quite  laid  aside 
the  love  of  God,  and  desire  of  his  glorg.  Meat  and  drinke 
hath  overcome  as  mang,  whilest  theg  rather  strive  to  please, 
satisfe  their  guts  and  hellg,  then  to  serve  God  and  nature. 
Some  are  so  busied  about  merchandise,  toget  money,  they  loose 
their  ownsoales,  whiles  covetously  carried;  and  with  an  un- 
satiable  desire  of  gain,  they  forget  God.  As  much  we  may  say 
of  honour,  leagues,  friendships,  health,  wealth,  and  all  other 
profits  or  pleasures  in  this  life,  whatsoever.  '^  In  this  world 
there  be  so  mang  beautiful  objects,  splendors  and  hriqhtness  of 
gold,  majestg  of  glorg,  assistance  of  friends,  faire  promises, 
smooth  words,  victories,  triumphs,  and  such  an  infinite  com- 
pang  of  pleasing  beauties  to  allure  us,  and  drawe  us  from  God, 
that  we  cannot  look  after  him.  And  this  is  it  which  Christ 
himself,  those  prophets  and  apostles  so  much  thundred  aoainst 
1.  John  2.  .15.  dehort  us  from.  Love  not  the  world,  nor  the 
thijigs  that  are  in  the  world;  if  ang  man  love  the  world,  the 
love  of  the  Father  is  not  in  him,  10.  For  all  that  is  in  the 
xcorld,  as  lust  of  the  feshe,  the  lust  of  the  egs,  and  pride  of 
life,  is  not  of  the  Father,  but  of  the  u'orld :  and  the  world 
passeth  awag  and  the  lust  thereof:  but  he  that  fulfilleth  the 
will  of  God,  abidethfor  ever.  Xo  man,  saith  our  Saviour, 
can  serve  two  ynasters,  but  he  must  love  the  one  and  hate  the 
other,  ^c.  bonos  vel  inalos  mores  boni  vel  mali  fanunt  amores, 
Austin  well  infers :  and  this  is  that  which  all  the  fathers 
inculcate.  He  cannot  (''Austin  admonisjieth)  be  Gods 
friend,  that   is  delighted  with   the   pleasures  of  the  world : 


*9.  tie  Repub.  h  Horn.  9   in  epist  Johannis  cap.  2.  Multos  con- 

jucriiim  decepit,  res  alioqui  .salutaris  pt  necessaria,  eo  quod  ca'co  ejus  amore  dccepli, 
divini  amori.s  et  Rloriae  studiura  inuniversumabject-runt;  pluriniog  cibus  etpotus  perdit. 
«  lu  muodo  splendor  opuin,  gloriir  inajestas,  amicitiarum  prapsidia,  veborum  blaiiditisB, 
voluptatum  oranis  generis  illecebra>,  victorise,  triumphi,  et  infinita  alia  ab  amore  De^ 
nos  bstrahunt,  K:c.  "^  In  Psal.  32.     Dei  amicus  e.sse  non  potest,  qui 

miuidi  stTidiis  delertatur  :  ul  l.anc  formani  tideaj",  munda  cor,  serenacor,  &c. 


Mem.  I.  Subs.  1.]      Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy        485 

make  clean  thine  heart,  pvrifie  thine  heart,  if  thou  wilt  see 
this  beauty^  prepare  thy  self  for  it.  Jt  is  the  eye  of  contem- 
plation by  which  we  must  behold  it ;  the  winy  of  meditation 
which  lifts  ns  up  and  rears  our  soules  with  the  motion  of  our 
hearts,  and  sweetnesse  of  contemplation.  So  saith  Greoory, 
cited  by  ""  Bonaventure.  And  as  ^  Philo  Judseus  seconds  bini, 
He  that  loves  God,  willsoare  aloft  and  take  him  wings  ;  and 
leaving  the  earth  f  ye  up  to  heaven,wander  with  sun  and  moo?ie, 
stars,  and  that  heavenly  troop,  God  himself  being  his  guide.  If 
we  desire  to  see  him,  we  must  lay  aside  all  vain  objects,  m  hich 
detain  us,  and  daze]  onr  eys  ;  and  as  '^Ficinus  adviseth  us,  get 
ns  solar  eys,  spectacles  as  they  that  look  on  the  sun  :  to  see  this 
divine  beauty,  lay  aside  all  material  objects,  all  sense,  and  then 
thou  shalt  see  him  as  he  is.  Thou  covetous  wretch,  as  "^  Austin 
expostulates.  Why  dost  thou  stand  gaping  on  this  dross,  muck- 
hills,  filthy  excrernents  ?  behold  a  far  fairer  object;  God  himself 
wooes  thee;  behold  him,  enjoye  him,  he  is  sick  for  love.  Cant.  5. 
He  invites  thee  to  his  sight,  to  come  into  his  f aire  garden,  to 
eat  and  drink  with  him,  to  be  merry  Mith  him,  to  enjoye  his 
presence  fur  ever.  *  Wisdome  cryes  out  in  the  streets,  besides 
the  gates,  in  the  top  of  high  places,  before  the  city,  at  the  entry 
of  the  door,  and  bids  them  give  ear  toher  instruction,  which  is 
better  then  gold  or  precious  stones ;  no  pleasures  can  be  com- 
pared to  it :  leave  all  then, and  follow  her,  vos  exhortor,  6  amici, 
et  obsecro.  In  '  Ficinus  words,  I  exort  and  beseech  you,  that 
you  would  embrace  and  follow  this  divine  love  with  all  your 
hearts  and  abilities,  by  all  offices  and  endeavours  make  this  so 
loving  God  propitious  unto  you.  For  whom  alone,  saith "  Plo- 
tinus,  we  must  for  sake  the  kingdvmes  and  empires  of  the  whole 
earth,  sea,  land,  andayr,  if  we  desire  to  be  ingrafted  into  him^ 
leave  all  andfolloiv  him. 

Now,  forasmuch,  as  this  love  of  God  is  an  habit  iff  used  o{ 
God,  as ''Thomas  holds,  1.  2.  (picest.  92.  by  tvhich  a  man  is 
inclined  to  love  God  above  all,  and  his  neighbour  as  himself, 
we  must  pray  to  God  that  he  Mill  open  our  eys,  make  cleen 


*  Contemplationis  pluraa  nos  sjiblevat,  atque  inde  erigimur  iotentione  cordis,  diilce- 
dine  contemplationis  distinct.  6.  de  7.   Itineribus.  ''Lib.  de  victiinis.     AiDans 

Deum,  sublJQiia  petit,  sumptis  alis  et  in  caelum   recte  volat,  relicta  terra^  cupidns  ab- 
errandi  cum  sole,  luna,  stellarumque  sacra  militia  ipso  Deo  duce.  ^'In  com. 

Plat.  cap.  7.   L't  solem  videas  oculis,  tieri  debes  Solaris  :  ut  divinam  aspicias  puichri- 
tudiuem,  demitte  raateriam,  demitte  sensum,  et  Deum  qualis  sit  videbis.  "^  Avare, 

quid   inhias   his,    &c.    pulchrior   est  qui   te    ambit   ipsum  visurus,    ipsum   habiturns. 
eProv.  8.  fCap.  18.  Rom.  Ainorem  hunc  divinura  totis  viribus  aniplexarcini ; 

Deum  vobis  orani  ofSciorura  genere  propitium  facite.  ?Cap.  7.  de  pulchritudine. 

Regna  etimperia  totiiis  terrse  et  maris  et  coeli  oportet  abjicere,  si  ad  ipsuui  conversns 
velis  inseri.  '>  Habitus  a  Deo  infusus,  per  qiiem  inclinaiur  homo  ad  diligeudum 

Deura  super  omuia. 


486  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

our  hearts,  that  we  may  be  capable  of  his  glorious  rayes,  and 

5>erforme  those  duties  that  he  requires  of  us.  Deut.  6.  and 
Fos.  23.  To  love  God  above  all,  avd  onr  neifjlibour  as  our  ftelj] 
to  keepe  his  comniandements.  In  this  tee  knoti\  saith  John, 
c.  5.  2.  we  love  the  children  of  God,  ichen  xce  love  God  and 
keep  his  commandements.  This  is  the  love  of  God,  that  we 
keep  his  coynmandments ;  he  that  loveth  not^  knoweth  not  God, 
for  God  is  love,  cap.  4.  16.  and  he  that  dwelleth  in  love, 
dwelleth  in  God,  and  God  in  hint ;  for  love  presupposeth 
knowledge,  faith,  hope,  and  unites  us  to  God  himself,  as  ^Leon 
Hebrseus  delivereth  unto  us;  and  is  accompanied  with  the 
feare  of  God,  humility,  meekness,  patience,  all  those  vertues, 
and  charity  it  self.  For  if  we  love  God,  we  shall  love  our 
neighbour,  and  performe  the  duties  M'hich  are  required  at  our 
hands  ;  to  which  we  are  exhorted,  I  Cor.  \5.  4.  5.  Ephes.  4. 
Coloss.  3.  Rom.  12.  We  shall  not  be  envious  or  putted  up, 
or  boast,  disdaine,  think  evil,  or  be  provoked  to  anger,  but 
suffer  all  things;  endeavour  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  spirit  in 
the  bond  of  peace.  Forbear  one  another,  forgive  one  another, 
cloath  the  naked,  visit  the  sick,  and  performe  all  those  works 
of  mercy,  which  ''Clemens  Alexandrinus  cals  amoris  et  ami- 
citice  impletionem  et  extentionem,  the  extent  and  complement 
of  love  ;  and  that  not  for  feare  or  worldly  respects,  but  ordine 
ad  Beurn^  for  the  love  of  God  himself.  This  we  shall  do  if 
we  be  truly  enamored  ;  but  we  come  short  in  both,  we 
neither  love  God  nor  our  neighbour  as  we  should.  Our  love 
in  spiritual  things  is  too  "  defective,  in  worldly  thinys  too 
excessive.,  there  is  a  Jarre  in  both.  We  love  the  world  too 
much;  God  too  little  ;  our  neighbour  not  at  all,  or  for  our 
owne  ends. 

Vulg-us  amicitias  utilitate  probat. 

The  chiefe  thing  we  respect  is  our  commodity;  and  M-hat  we 
do,  is  for  fear  of  worldly  punishment,  for  vain-glory,  praise  of 
men,  fashion,  and  such  by  respects  ;  not  for  Gods  sake.  We 
neither  know  God  aright,  nor  seek,  love  or  worship  him  as  we 
should.  And  for  these  defects,  we  involve  our  selves  into  a 
multitude  of  errours,  we  swerve  from  this  true  love  and  worship 
of  God  :  which  is  a  cause  unto  us  of  unspeakable  miseries; 
running  into  both  exfreams,  we  become  fooles,  mad-men, 
without  sense,  as  now  in  the  next  place  I  will  shew  you. 

The  parties  affected  are  innumerable  almost,  and  scattered 
over  the  face  of  the  earth,  farand  neer,  andso  have  been  in  all 

«  Dial.  1.  Omnia  convertit  amor  in  ipsius  pulcbri  Daturam.  I'Straroaluu) 

lib.  2.  '  Greenham. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Parties  affected.  487 

precedent  ages,  from  the  beg-inning  of  the  world  to  these  times, 
of  all  sorts  and  conditions.  For  methods  sake,  I  will  reduce 
them  to  a  twofold  division,  according-  to  those  two  extreams  of 
excess  and  deject,  impiety  and  superstition,  idolatry  and 
atheisme.  Not  that  there  is  any  excess  of  divine  worship  or 
love  of  God  ;  that  cannot  be ;  we  cannot  love  God  too  much, 
or  do  our  duty  as  we  ought,  as  papists  hold,  or  have  any  per- 
fection in  this  life,  much  less  supererogate;  when  we  have  all 
done,  we  are  unprojitahle  servants.  But  because  we  do  aliud 
ac/ere,  zealous  without  knowledge,  and  too  solicitous  about  that 
which  is  not  necessary,  busying  our  selves  about  impertinent, 
needless,  idle  and  vaine  ceremonies,  populo  ut  placerent,  as 
the  Jewes  did  about  sacrifices,  oblations,  offerings,  incense, 
new  moones,  feasts,  &c.  but  as  Isay  taxeth  them  1.12.  Who 
required  this  at  your  hands?  We  have  too  great  opinion  of 
our  owne  worth,  that  we  can  satisfie  the  lawe  ;  and  do  more 
then  is  required  at  our  hands,  by  performing  those  evangelical 
counsells,  and  such  works  of  supererogation,  merit  for  others, 
which  Bellarmine,  Gregory  de  Valentia,  all  their  Jesuites  and 
champions  defend,  that  if  God  should  deal  in  rigour  with  them, 
some  of  their  Franciscans  and  Dominicans  are  so  pure,  that  no- 
thing- could  be  objected  to  them.  Some  of  us  again  are  too 
dear,  as  we  thinke,  more  divine  and  sanctified  then  others,ofa 
better  mettle,greatergifts,and  with  that  proude  Pharisee,  con- 
temn others  in  respect  of  our  selves,  we  are  better  Christians, 
better  learned,  choyce  spirits,inspired,  know  more,  have  special 
revelation,  perceive  Gods  seerets,  and  thereupon  presume,  say 
and  do  many  times,  what  is  not  befitting  to  be  said  or  done. 
Of  this  number  are  all  superstitious  idolaters,  ethnicks,  Ma- 
hometans, Jewes,  heretiques,''enthusiasts,divinators,  prophets, 
sectaries,  and  scismatiques.  Zanchius  reduceth  such  infidels 
to  four  chiefe  sectes ;  but  I  will  insist  and  follow  mine  own  in- 
tended method  :  all  which  with  many  other  curious  persons, 
monkes,  heremits,  &c.  may  be  ranged  in  this  extream,  and 
fight  under  this  superstitious  banner,  with  those  rude  idiots,  and 
infinite  swarms  of  people  that  are  seduced  by  them.  In  the 
other  extream  or  in  defect,  march  those  impious  epicures, 
libertines,  atheists,  hypocrites,infidels,  worldly,  secure,  impeni- 
tent, unthankful,  and  carnal-minded  men,  that  attribute  all  to 
natural  causes,  that  will  acknovvledge  no  supream  power  j  that 
have  cauterized  consciences,  or  live  in  a  reprobate  sense  :  or 
such  desperate  persons  as  are  too  distrustful  of  his  mercies. 
Of  these  there  be  many  subdivisions,  divers  degrees  of  madness 


aDe  primo  praecepto. 


488  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

and  folly,  some  more  then  other,  as  shall  be  shewed  in  the 
symptomes  :  and  yet  all  miserably  out,  perplexed,  dotino^,  and 
besides  themselves  for  reliorious  sake.  For  as  ^  Zanchy  well 
distinguished,  and  all  the  world  knowes,  religion  is  twofold, 
true  or  false;  false  is  that  vain  superstition  of  idolaters,  such  as 
were  of  old,Greekes,  Romans,  present  3Iahometans.  &c.  Ti- 
morem  Deonnii  innnenu  ^TuWy  cou\i]  terme  if,  or  as  Zanchy 
defines  it,  ubi  falsi  Dii,  aut  J'aho  cultu  colifur  Dens,  when 
false  gods,  or  that  God  is  falsely  worshipped.  And  'tis  a  mi- 
serable plague,  a  torture  of  the  soule,  a  meer  mndnes^.  relif/iosn 
insania,  '^  .Meteran  cals  it,  or  insanus  crror^  as  ''  Seneca,  a 
frantick  errour;  or  as  Austin,  insanus  anirni  morbus,  a  furious 
disease  of  the  soule;  insania  omnium  insanissima,  a  quintes- 
sence of  madness;  *  for  he  that  is  superstitious,  can  never  be 
quiet.  'Tis  proper  to  man  alone,  uni  superbia,  ataritia,  snper- 
stitio,  saith  Plin.  lib.  1 .  cap.  I.  atqne  etium  post  sa?vit  de 
Jut uro,  which  wrings  his  soule  for  the  present,  and  to  come  : 
the  greatest  miserie  belongs  to  mankinde,  a  perpetual  servi- 
tude, a  slavery,  ^ex  timore  iimor,  an  heavie  yoak,  the  seal  of 
damnation,  an  intolerable  burthen.  They  thatare  superstitious, 
are  still  fearing,  suspecting,  vexing  themselves  with  auguries, 

f)rodiges,  false  tales,  dreams,  idle,  vain  workes,  unprofitable 
abours,  as  ^Boterus  observes,  curd  mentis  ancipite  versantur: 
enemies  to  God  and  to  themselves.  In  a  word,  as  Seneca 
concludes,  Relir/io  Deum  colit,  superstitio  destrnit.  Super- 
stition destroyes,  but  true  religion  honours  God.  True  religion, 
vbi  versus  Deus  vere  colitur,  where  the  true  God  is  truely  wor- 
shipped, is  the  way  to  heaven,  the  mother  of  all  vertues,  love, 
feare,  devotion,  obedience,  knowledge,  &c.  It  rears  the  de- 
jected soule  of  man ;  and  amidst  so  many  cares,  miseries, 
persecutior)s,  Mhich  this  world  affords,  it  is  a  sole  ease,  an 
unspeakable  cornforte,  a  sweet  reposal,  /m^j/w  suave  et  leve,  a 
lightyoak,an  anchor  and  an  haven.  It  addes  courage,  boldness, 
and  begets  generousspirits:  although  tyrants  rage,  persecute, 
and  that  bloody  lictor  or  serjeant  be  ready  to  martyr  them, 
aut  Ufa,  aut  morere,  (as  in  those  persecutions  of  the  primitive 
church,  it  was  put  in  practice,  as  you  may  reade  in  Eusebius 
and  others)  though  enemies  l)e  now  ready  to  inva.de,  and  all 
in  an  uproare,  ^Sifractiis  illabalur  orbis,  impavidosferient 
ruinee,  though  heaven  should  fall  on  his  head,  he  Mould  not 
be  dismaid.  But  as  a  good  Ciiristian  prince  once  made 
answer  to  a  menacing  Turke,  J'acile  scelerala  hominum  arnia 


'De  relig  I.  2.  Thes.  1.  ''"2.  De  nat.  tleorum.  c  Hist.  Belpic.  1.  8. 

<^  Superatitio  orror  insanus  enl.  epist.  123.  *  Nrtm  qui  snpersfitione  imbatus  est, 

quietus  esse  nunquam  potest.  '  (^reg.  gPolil.  lib.  1.  cap.  13,  bfjor. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Parties  affected.  489 

contemnit,  qui  Dei  proesidio  tutvs  est :  or  as  ^Phalaris  writ  to 
Alexander  in  a  wrong  cause,  he  nor  any  other  enemy  could 
terrifie  him,  for  that  he  trusted  in  God.  Si  Deus  nobiscnm, 
quis  contra  nos  ?  In  all  calamities,  persecutions  whatsoever, 
as  David  did,  2  Sam.  22.  2.  he  will  sing  with  him.  The  Lord 
is  my  rock,  my  Jortresse,  my  strenc/th,  my  refuge,  the  toicre 
and  home  of  my  salvation,  ^c.  In  all  troubles  and  adversities^ 
PsaL  46.  1.  God  is  my  hope  and  helpe,  still  ready  to  be 
founde,  I  will  not  therefore  fear e,  ^c 'tis  a  feare  expellino- 
feare;  he  hath  peace  of  conscience,  and  is  full  of  hope,  which 
is  (saith  ''  Austin)  vita  vitw  mortalis,  the  life  of  this  our 
mortal  life,  hope  of  immortality,  the  sole  comfort  of  our 
miserie  :  otherwise  as  Paul  saith,  we  of  all  others  were  most 
icretched ;  but  this  makes  us  happy :  counterpoising  our  hearts 
in  all  miserie;  superstition  tornsents,  and  is  from  the  divel,the 
authour  of  lyes;  but  this  is  from  God  himself,  as  Lucian  that 
Autiochian  priest  made  his  divine  confession  \{i  "^Eusebius, 
Auctor  nobis  de  Deo  Dens  est,  God  is  the  author  of  our 
religion  himself;  his  Avord  is  our  rule,  a  lanthorne  to  us,  dic- 
tated by  the  Holy  Ghost,  he  playes  upon  our  hearts  as  so  many 
harp-string,  and  we  are  his  temples,  he  dwelleth  in  us,  and 
we  in  him. 

The  part  affected  of  superstition,  is  the  braine,  heart,  will, 
understanding-,  soule  itself,  and  all  the  faculties  of  it,  totum 
compositum,  all  is  mad,  and  dotes.  Now  for  the  extent,  as 
I  say,  the  world  it  self  is  the  subject  of  it,  (to  omit  that  grand 
sin  of  atheisme)  all  times  have  been  misaflbcted,  past,  present, 
there  is  not  one  that  doth  good,  no  not  one,  from  the  prophet 
to  the  priest^  S^c.  A  lamentable  thing-  it  is  to  consider, 
how  many  myriades  of  men  this  idolatrie  and  superstition 
(for  that  comprehends  all)  hath  infatuated  in  all  ages,  besotted 
by  this  blinde  zeale,  which  is  religions  ape,  religions  bastard, 
religions  shadow,  false  glasse.  For  where  God  hath  a  temple, 
the  divel  will  have  a  chappel :  where  God  hath  sacrifices, 
the  divel  will  have  his  oblations:  where  God  hath  ceremonies, 
the  divel  will  have  his  traditions  :  where  there  is  any  religion, 
the  divel  Mill  plant  superstition  ;  and  'tis  a  pitifull  sight 
to  behold  and  reade,  what  tortures,  miseries  it  hath  procured; 
what  slaughter  of  soules  it  hath  made;  how  it  raged  amongst 
those  old  Persians,  Syrians,  ^Egyptians,  Greekes,  Romans, 
Tuscans,  Gaules,  Germanes,  Britaines,  &c.  Britannia  jam 
hodie  celebrat  tam  attonite,  saith  •'  Pliny,  tantis  ceremoniis, 
(speaking  of  superstition)  ut  dedisse  Persis  videripossit.  The 
Britaines  are  so  stupendly  superstitious  in  their  ceremonies, 


'  Epist.  Phalar.  b  Jn  Psa!.  3.  ^  Lib.  9.  cap,  6.  '^  Lib.  3.  cap. 


490  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

that  they  2;"0  beyond  those  Persians.  He  that  shall  but  reade 
in  Pausanios  alone,  those  g-ods,  temples,  altars,  idols,  statues, 
so  curiously  m:»de  with  such  infinite  cost  and  charge,  among-st 
those  old  Grcekes,  such  multitudes  of  them,  and  frequent 
varieties,  as  ^  Gerbelius  truely  observes,  may  stand  amazed, 
and  never  enough  wonder  at  it :  and  thank  God  withall,  that 
by  the  light  of  the  Gospel,  we  are  so  happily  freed  from  that 
slavish  idolatrie  in  these  our  dayes.  But  therefore,  almost  in 
all  countries,  in  all  places  superstition  hath  blinded  the  hearts 
of  men.  In  all  ages,  what  a  small  portion  bath  the  true  church 
ever  been ! 

Divisum  imperium  cum  Jove  Doemon  habet. 

The  Patriarchs  and  their  families,  the  Israelites  a  handfuU  in 
respect,  Christ  and  his  Apostles,  and  not  all  of  them  neither. 
Into  what  straights  hath  it  been  compinged,  a  little  flocke!  how 
hath  superstition  on  the  other  side  dilated  her  self,  errour, 
ignorance,  barbarismc,  folly,  madness,  deceived,  triumphed, 
and  insulted  over  the  most  wise,  discreet  and  understanding- 
men,  philosophers,  dyuastes,  monarches,  all  Mere  involved 
and  ovor-shadowed  in  this  mist,  in  more  then  Cymmerian 
darkness.  ^  Adeo  ifjnarn  superstitio  mentes  hnmiman  depravat, 
et  nonnnnqnam  sapieutihn  animos  ti'ansversos  ar/it.     At  this 

f)resent,  quota  pars  !  How  small  a  part  is  truely  religious!  How 
ittle  in  respect.  Divide  the  world  into  six  parts,  and  one  or 
not  so  much  is  Christians.  Idolaters  and  Mahometans  pos- 
sesse  almost  Asia,  Africke,  America,  Magellanica.  The  kings 
of  China,  great  Cham,  Siam  and  Bornaye,  Pegu,  Decan, 
Narsinga,  Japan,  &c.  are  gentiles,  idolaters,  and  many  other 

{)ettie  princes  in  Asia,  Monomotopa,  Congo,  and  I  knowe  not 
low  many  Negro  princes  in  Africke,  all  Terra  Australis  in- 
cognita, most  of  America,  Pagans,  differing  all  in  their  severall 
superstitions ;  and  yet  all  idolaters.  The  JMahometans  extend 
themselves  over  thegTcat  Turkes  dominions  in  Europe,  Africke, 
Asia,  to  the  Xerif?'es  in  Barbary,  and  his  territories  in  Fez, 
Sus,  Morocco,  &:c.  The  Tartar,  the  great  Mogor,  the  Sophy 
of  Persia,  with  most  of  their  dominions  and  subjects,  are  at 
this  day  Mahometans.  ^Sce  how  the  divel  ragetli.  Those  at 
oddes,  or  differing  among  tliemsclves,  some  for '^  Alii,  some 
for  Enbocar,  for  Acmar,  and  Ozimen,  those  foure  doctours, 
]Mahomets  successours,  and  are  subdivided  into  7-  inferior 
sectes,  as  ''Leo  Afer  reports.     The  Jewes,  as  a  company  of 


a  Lib.  6.  descrip.  Orapc.  Nulla  est  via  qiiA  non  innnroeris  idolis  est  referta. 
Tandim  tunc  tem|)ori8  in  niisstrriuios  inorbilps  poteutia;  et  rrndelis  tyrannidis  Satan 
exerruit.  ^  Alex,  ab  Alex.  lib.  6.  cap,  '26.  ^  I'urtlias  Pilgrim,  lib.  1.  c.  3. 

<i  Lib.  3. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  1.]  Parties  affected.  491 

vagabonds  are  scattered  over  all  parts  ;  whose  story,  present 
estate,  progresse  from  time  to  time,  is  fully  set  down  by  ^Mr. 
Thomas  Jackson,  doctor  of  divinity,  in  his  Comment  on  the 
Creed.  A  fift  part  of  the  world,  and  hardly  that,  now  pro- 
fesseth  CHRIST;  but  so  inlarded  and  interlaced  witn  several 
superstitions,  that  there  is  scarce  a  sound  part  to  be  founde, 
or  any  agreement  amongst  them.  Presbyter  John  in  Africke, 
lord  of  those  Abyssines,  or  ^Ethiopians,  is  by  his  profession 
a  Christian,  but  so  ditlerent  from  us,  with  such  new  absurdi- 
ties and  ceremonies,  such  liberty,  such  a  mixture  of  idolatry 
and  paganisme,  Mhat  they  kept  little  more  then  a  bare  title 
of  Christianitie.  They  suffer  poligamy,  circumcision,  stupend 
fastings,  divorce  as  they  will  themselves,&c.  and  as  the  Papists 
call  on  the  Virgin  Mary,  so  do  they  on  Thomas  Didymus 
before  Christ.  ''  The  Greeke  or  Eastern  Church,  is  rent 
from  this  of  the  West,  and  as  they  have  foure  chief  Patriarchs 
so  have  they  foure  subdivisions,  besides  those  Nestorians, 
Jacobines,  Syrians,  Armenians,  Georgians,  &c.  scattered  over 
Asia  Minor,  Syria,  iEgypt,  &c.  Greece,  Valachia,  Circassia, 
Bulgary,  Bosnia,  Albania,  lllyricum,  Sclavonia,  Croatia, 
Thrace,  Servia,  Rascia,  and  a  sprinkling-  amongst  the 
Tartars.  The  Russians,  Muscovites,  and  most  of  that  great 
dukes  subjects,  are  part  of  the  Greeke  church,  and  still 
Christians :  but,  as  '^  one  saith,  temporis  successu  mnltas  illi 
addiderunt  super stitiones ;  in  processe  of  time,  they  have 
added  so  many  superstitions,  they  be  rather  semi-Christians, 
then  otherwise.  That  which  remaines  is  the  Western  Church 
with  us  in  Europe ;  but  so  eclipsed  with  severall  schismes, 
heresies  and  superstitions,  that  one  knows  not  where  to  finde 
it.  The  Papists  have  Italy,  Spaine,  Savoy,  part  of  Germany, 
France,  Poland,  and  a  sprinkling  in  the  rest  of  Europe.  In 
America,  they  hold  all  that  which  Spaniards  inhabit,  Hispania 
Nova,  Castella  Aurea,  Peru,  &c.  In  the  East  Indies,  the 
Philippinoe,  some  small  holds  about  Goa,  Malacha,  Zelan, 
Ormus,  &c.  which  the  Portugall  got  not  long  since,  and  those 
land-leaping  Jesuites  have  essayed  in  China,  Japan,  as  appears 
by  their  yeerly  letters;  in  Africke  they  have  Melinda,  Quiloa, 
Mombaza,  &c.  and  some  fewe  towns,  they  drive  out  one  super- 
stition with  another.  Poland  is  a  receptacle  of  all  religions, 
where  Samosetans,  Socinians,  Photinians  (now  protected  in 
Transilvania  and  Poland)  Arrians,  Anabaptists  are  to  be  found, 
as  well  as  in  some  German  cities.     Scandia  is  Christian,  but 


a  2  part  sec.  3.  lib.  1.  cap.  et  deinceps.  bTJteimanniis.  Maginus.  Breden- 

bachius.   Fr.  Aluaresias  Itin.  de  Abyssinis.     Herbis  solum  vesciintur  votarii,  aqiiis 
meuto  tenus  dormiunt.  Sec.  «  Bredenbachiiis  Jod.  a  Measrn.  ''  See 

Possevinus  Herbastein,  Magin.  D.  Fletcher,  Jovius,  Hacluit,  Purchas,  &c.  of  their 
errours. 


492  Religiotis  Melancholy.  (Tart.  S.  Sec.  4. 

as  ^  Damiatius  A-Goes  the  Portugal  knight  complains,  so 
mixt  with  niagick,  pagan  ritPs,  and  ceremonies,  they  may  be 
as  well  counted  idolaters,  \\'hat  Tacitus  formerly  said  of  a  like 
nation,  is  verified  in  them ;  ^  a  people  subject  to  super- 
stition, contrary  to  reUyion.  And  some  of  them,  as  about 
Lapland  and  the  Pilapians,  the  divels  possession  to  this  daye, 
Misera  h(sc  yens  (saith  mine  '^authour)  Satance  hactenus 
possessio, — et  quod  maxime  mirandum  et  dolendum,  and  which 
is  to  be  admired  and  pittied,  if  any  of  them  be  baptized, 
which  the  kings  of  Sweden  much  labour,  they  dye  Avithin  7 
or  9  dayes  after;  and  for  that  cause  they  will  hardly  be  brought 
to  Christianity,  but  worship  still  the  dive),  who  dayly  appears 
to  them.  In  their  idolatrous  courses,  yaudentibut  Diis 
patriis,  (ptos  reliyiose  colunt,  cVc.  Yet  are  they  very  super- 
stitious, like  our  wilde  Irish.  Though  they  of  the  better  note, 
the  kings  of  Denmark  and  Sweden  themselves,  that  govern 
them  be  Lutherans;  the  remnant  are  Calvinists,  Lutherans; 
in  Germany  equally  mixt  ;  and  yet  the  emperour  himself, 
dukes  of  Lorraine,  Bavaria,  and  the  princes  electors,  are  most 
part  professed  papists.  And  though  some  part  of  France  and 
Ireland,  Great  Britaine,  half  the  cantos  in  Switzerland,  and 
the  low  countries  be  Calvinists,  more  defecate  then  the  rest, 
yet  at  oddes  amongst  themselves,  not  free  from  superstition. 
And  which  ''  Brochard  the  monke  in  his  description  of  the 
holy  land,  after  he  had  censured  the  Greeke  church,  and 
shewed  their  errours,  concluded  at  last,  I^axit  Deus  ne  Latinis 
multcB  irrepserint  stultitice ;  I  say,  God ^  grant  there  be  no 
fopperies  in  our  church.  As  a  damme  of  Mater  stopt  in  one 
place  breaks  out  into  another,  so  doth  superstition.,  I  say 
nothing  of  Anabaptists,  Socinians,  Brownists,  Barrowists, 
Familists,  &c.  There  is  superstition  in  our  prayers  ;  often  in 
our  hearing  of  sermons,  bitter  contentions,  invectives,  perse- 
cutions, strange  conceits,  besides  diversitie  of  opinions, 
schismes,  factions,  &c.  But  as  the  Lord  (Job  42.  7.)  said  to 
Eliphaz  the  Termanite.  and  his  two  friends,  his  icrath  was 
kindled  ayainst  them,  for  they  had  not  spoken  oj'  him  thinys 
that  were  riyht :  we  may  justly  of  these  schismatiques,  and 
heretiques,  how  wise  soever  in  their  own  conceits,  non  recte 
loipiunlitr  de  Deo,  they  speak  not,  they  think  not,  they 
write  not  well  of  God,  and  as  they  ought.  And  therefore, 
Quid  qua:so,  mi  JDorpi,  as  Erasmus  concludes  to  Dorpius, 
/mee  theoloyis  Jaciamus,  ant  ipiid  preceris,  nisi  J'orte 
Jidelem   medicum,    qui    cerehro   medeatur  ?     What  shall   we 


^  Deplorat.  Gentis  Lapp.  ►'Gens  siiperstitioni  ohuoxia,  relisionibus  adversa. 

''  Boisardiis  de  Magift.     lutra  septitniini  aut  iiouimi  a  baptisiuo  diem  moriuutur,     Hinc 
fif,  &c.  Cip.  de  in  colis  ttrrar  sanctac. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]        Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.       493 

wish  them,  but  saiiam  mentem,  and  a  g-ood  physician  ?  But 
more  of  their  differences,  paradoxes,  opinions,  mad  prankes, 
in  the  symptomes  :   1  now  hasten  to  the  causes. 


SUBSECT.  11. 

Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.  From  the  Divel ;  by  mira- 
cles, apparitions,  orac/es.  His  instruments  or  factors;  poli- 
titians,  priests,  imposters,  heretiques,  hlinde  guides.  In  them 
simplicity, f ear  e,  blinde  zeal,  ig?iorance,  solitariness,  curiosity, 
pride,  vain-glory,  presumption,  Sfc.  his  engins  ;  fasting,  soli- 
tariness, hope,  fear,  Sfc. 

▼  T  E  are  taught  in  holy  Scripture,  that  the  divel  rangeth 
abroad  like  a  roaring  lyon,  still  seeking  whom  he  may  de- 
vour :  and  as  in  severall  shapes,  so  by  several!  engins  and 
devices  he  goeth  about  to  seduce  us.  Sometimes  he  trans- 
forms himself  into  an  angel  of  light;  and  is  so  cunning,  that 
he  is  able,  if  it  were  possible,  to  deceive  the  very  elect.  He 
will  be  worshipped  as  "God  himself;  and  is  so  adored  by  the 
heathen,  and  esteemed.  And  in  imitation  of  that  divine  power, 
••as  Eusebius  observes,  *^to  abuse  or  emulate  Gods  glory,  as 
Dandinus  addes,  he  will  have  all  homage,  sacrifices,  obla- 
tions, and  whatsoever  else  belongs  to  the  worship  of  God,  to  be 
done  likewise  unto  him,  similis  erit  altissimo,  and  by  this 
meanes  infatuates  the  world,  deludes,  entraps,  and  destroys 
many  thousand  soules.  Sometimes  by  dreams,  visions  (as 
God  to  Moses  by  familiar  conference)  the  divel  in  severall 
shapes  talkes  with  them.  In  the  '^Indies,  it  is  common ;  and  in 
China  nothing  so  familiar  as  apparations,  inspirations,  oracles, 
by  terrifying  them  with  false  prodigies,  counterfeit  miracles, 
sending  storms,  tempests,  diseases,  plagues  (as  of  old  in  Athens 
there  was  Apollo  Alexicaciis,  ApolloAo//>(,jo?,7>es/i/er  et  malorum 
depulsor)  raising  wars,  seditions  by  spectrums,  troubling*  their 
consciences,  driving  them  to  despair,  terrours  of  minde,  in- 
tolerable pains ;  by  promises,  rewards,  benefits,  and  faire 
meanes,  he  raiseth  such  an  opinion  of  his  deity  and  greatness, 
that  they  dare  not  do  otherwise  then  adore  him ;  do  as  he  will 
have  them  ;  they  dare  not  offend  him.     And  to  compel  them 

*  Plato  in  Crit.  Daemones  custodes  sunt  hominum  et  eorum  domini,  ut  nos  ani- 
maliura  ;  nee  hominibns,  sad  et  regionibus  imperant,  vaticiniis,  auguriis,  somniis, 
oraculis,  nos  regunt.  Idem  fere  Max.  Tyrius  ser.  1.  et  26.  27.  Medios  vult  dseniones 
inter  Decs  et  homines  Deoruin  ministros,  pvaesides  hominum,  a  coelo  ad  homines 
descendentes.  •*  De  prseparat.  Evangel.  <=  Vel  in  abusum  Dei  vel  in 

semulationem.     Dandinus  com.  in  lib.  2.  Arist.  de  An.  Text.  29.  d  Daemones 

consulunt,  et  farailiares  habent  daemones  pleiique  sacerdotes.  Riccius  lib.  1.  cap.  10. 
expedit.  Sinar. 


494  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

more  to  stand  in  awe  of  him,  *  he  sends  and  cures  diseases, 
disquiets  their  spirits,  (as  Cyprian  saith)  torments  and  terri- 
fies their  soules^  to  makes  them  adore  him  :  and  all  his  study ^ 
all  his  endeavour  is  to  dii-ert  them  from  true  relif/ion  to 
superstition  :  and  because  he  is  damned  himself  and  in  an 
errour  he  tcould  hav  all  the  world  participate  of  his  errours, 
and  be  damned  with  him.  The  primnm  nobile  therefore,  and 
first  mover  of  all  superstition  is  the  divel,  that  great  enemy 
of  mankind,  the  principal  agent,  who  in  a  thousand  several 
shapes,  after  divers  fashions,  with  several  engins,  illusions, 
and  by  several  names,  hath  deceived  the  inhabitants  of  the 
earth,  in  several  places  and  countries,  still  rejoycing  at  their 
fals.  ^11  the  loorld  over,  before  Christs  time^  he  freely  do- 
mineered, and  held  the  sonles  of  men  in  most  slavish  sub- 
jection, saith  "^  Eusebius,  in  divers  formes,  ceremonies,  and 
sacrifices,  till  Christs  coming ;  as  if  those  divels  of  the  ayr 
had  shared  the  earth  amongst  them;  which  the  Platonists  held 
for  Gods  (•=  Ludus  Deorum  sumus)  and  Mere  our  governours 
and  keepers.  In  several  places,  they  had  several  rites,  orders, 
names,  of  which  read  Wierus  de  prwstigiis  dcemonnm  lib.  1. 
cap.  5.  ''Strozius,  Cigogna,  and  others.  Adonided  amongst 
the  Syrians;  Adraraelech  amongst  the  Capernaites ;  Asiniae 
amongst  the  Emathites;  Astartes  with  the  Sydonians;  Aste- 
roth  with  the  Palestines ;  Dagon  with  the  Philistines;  Tartan 
with  the  Hanaei;  Melchonis  amongst  the  Ammonites;  Beli 
the  Babylonian  ;  Beelzebub  and  Baal  with  the  Samaritans  and 
Moabites;  Apis,  Isis and Osyris  amongstthe^Egyptians;  Apollo 
Pythius  at  Delphos,  Colophon,  Ancyra,  Cuma,  Erythra;  Ju- 
piter in  Crete;  Venus  at  Cyprus  ;  Juno  at  Carthage;  ^Escula- 
pius  at  Epidaurus  ;  Diana  at  Ephesus  ;  Pallas  at  Athens,  &c. 
And  even  in  these  our  dayes,  both  in  the  East  and  West  Indies, 
in  Tartary,  China,  Japan,  &c.  what  strange  idols,  in  what  pro- 
digious formes,  with  what  absurd  ceremonies  are  they  adored  ! 
What  strange  Sacraments,  like  ours  of  Baptisme  and  the  Lords 
Supper  ;  what  goodly  temples,  priests,  sacrifices  they  had  in 
America,  when  the  Spaniards  first  landed  there,  let  Acosta  the 
Jesuite  relate,  lib.  5.  cap.  1,  2,  3,  4,  &c.  and  how  the  divel 
imitated  the  ark,  and  the  children  of  Israels  coming  out  of 
Egypt :  with  many  such.     For  as  Lipsius  well  discourseth  out 


*Vitam  turbant,  somnos  inquietant,  irrepentes  etiam  in  corpora  mentes  terrent, 
valetodinem  frangunt,  morbos  lacessunt,  ut  ad  cultum  sui  cogant  nee  aliud  his 
studium,  quam  ut  a  vera  religione  ad  superstitionem  vertant ;  eum  sint  ipsi  poenales, 
quaenint  sibi  ad  poenas  comites,  ut  habeant  erroris  participes.  b  Lib.  4.  prae- 

paraL  Evanejel.  Tantamque  victoriam  amentia  hominum  consequuti  snnt,  ut  si  colligere 
in  unum  velis,  nniversum  orbem  istis  srelestibus  spiritibus  subjectum  fiiisse  invenies. 
Usque  ad  Salvatoris  ad\  entnni,  hominum  ca;de  pemiciosissimos  da^mones  placabant, 
&c.  c  Plato.  <•  Strozins,  Cicogna  omnif.  mag.  lib.  mag.  lib.  .3.  cap,  7.  Ezek. 

8.  10.    Reg.  11.  4.     Reg.  3.  et  17.  14.    Jer.  49.     Num.  21.  3.    Reg.  13. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy^  495 

of  the  doctrine  of  the  Stoicks,  maxime  capiimt  adorationem 
/io?niwMm,nowandof  olde,  they  still  and  most  especially,  desire 
to  be  adored  by  men.  See  but  what  Vertomanr.us,  /.  5.  c.  2. 
Marcus  Polus,  Lerius,Benzo,  P.  Martyr  in  his  Ocean  Decades, 
Acosta,  and  Mat.  Riccius,  expedit.  Christ,  in  Sanis  lib.  1.  relate. 
''  Eusebius  wonders  how  that  wise  city  of  Athens,  and  flourishing 
kingdomes  of  Greece  should  be  so  besotted ;  and  we,  in  our 
times,  how  those  witty  Chinese,  so  perspicacious  in  all  other 
things,  should  be  so  gulled,  so  tortured  with  superstition,  so 
blinde  as  to  worship  stockes  and  stones.  But  it  is  no  marvel, 
when  we  see  all  out  as  great  etfects  amongst  Christians  them- 
selves :  how  are  those  Anabaptists,  Arrians,  and  Papists  above 
the  rest,  miserably  infatuated  !  Mars,  Jupiter,  Apollo,  and 
vEsculapius,  have  resigned  their  interest,  names  and  offices  to 
Saint  George, 

b  (Maxime  bellorum  rector,  quern  nostra  juventus 
Pro  Mavorte  colit.) 

S*.  Christopher,  and  a  company  of  fictitious  saints  ;  Venus  to 
the  lady  of  Lauretta,  And  as  those  old  Romans  had  several 
distinct  gods,  for  divers  oflices,  persons,  places,  so  have  they 
saints,  as  '^  Lavater  well  observes  out  of  Lactantius,  mutato 
nomine  tantum,  'tis  the  same  spirit  or  divel  that  deludes  them 
still.  The  manner  how,  as  I  say,  is  by  rewards,  promises,  ter- 
rours,  affrights,  punishments.  In  a  word,  faire  and  foule 
meanes,  hope  and  feare.  How  often  hath  Jupiter,  Apollo, 
Bacchus,  and  the  rest,  sent  plagues  in  •^  Greece  and  Italy,  be- 
cause their  sacrifices  were  neglected  ! 
e  Dii  multa  neglecti  dederunt 
Hesperise  mala  luctuosse, 

to  terrific  them,  to  rouze  them  up,  and  the  like:  see  but  Livy, 
DionysiusHalicarnassa9us,Thucydides,Pausanias,Philostratus, 
^Polybus,  before  the  battel  of  Cannas,  prodigiis,  signis^ 
ostensis,  templa  cuncta^  privatoe  etiam  cedes scatehant.  Oeneus 
raigned  in  Jiltolia,  and  because  he  did  not  sacrifice  to  Diana 
with  his  other  gods  (see  more  in  Libanius  his  Diana)  she 
sent  a  wilde  bore,  insolitce  magnitudinis,  qui  terras  et  homines 
misere  depascehatur^  to  spoile  both  men  and  country,  which 
was  afterwards  killed  by  Meleager.  So  Plutarch  in  the  life  of 
Lucullus  relates,  how  Mithridates,  king  of  Pontus,  at  the 
siege  of  Cizicum,  with  all  his  navy  was  overthrown  by 
Proserpina,  for  neglecting  of  her  holy  daye.     She  appeared  in 

*  Lib.  4.  cap.  8.  prepar.         b  Bapt.  Mant.  4.  Fast,  de  Sancto  Georgio.        <=  Part,  1. 
cap.  1.  et  lib.  2.  cap.  9.  -i  Polyd.  Virg.  lib.  I.  de  progid.  «  Hor.  1.  3.  od.  6. 

f  Lib.  3.  hist 


496  Religious  Melancholy,         [Part.  3.  Sec.  3. 

a  vision  to  Aristai^oras  in  the  night,  Cras,  itif/uiff  tihiciiiem 
Lihi/cum  cum  tibicine  Pontico  commit tam,iind  the  daye  follow- 
inii-  this  aniigtna  was  understood;  for  with  a  great  south  winde 
which  came  from  Libya,  she  quite  overwhehned  Mithridates 
army.  ^Vhat  prodigies  and  miracles,  dreams,  visions,  pre- 
dictioi>s,  apparations,  oracles,  have  been  of  olde  at  Delphos, 
Dodona,  Trophonius  denne,  at  Thebes,  and  Lebaudia,  of 
Jupiter  Amnion  in  ^Egypt,  Amphiareus  in  Attica,  &c.  what 
strang-e  cures  performed  by  Apollo  and  yEsculapius  ;  Junos 
image,  and  that  of  ^Fortune  spake?  ''Castor  and  Pollux 
fouoht  in  person  for  the  Romans,  against  Hannibals  army, 
as  Pallas,  3Iars,  Juno,  Venus,  for  Greekes  and  Trogans,  &c. 
Amongst  our  pseudocatholiques,  nothing-  so  familiar  as  such 
miracles.  How  many  cures  done  by  our  lady  of  Lauretta,  at 
Sichem!  of  olde,  at  our  S'.  Thomas  slirine,  &c.  S^  Sabine 
was  seen  to  fight  for  Arnulphus  duke  of  Spoleto  ;  S'.  George 
fought  in  person  for  John  the  bastard  of  Portugal,  against  the 
Castilians;  S'.  James  for  the  Spaniards  in  America.  In  the 
battel  of  Bannoxuurn,  where  Edward  the  seconde,  our  Eng- 
lish king-,  was  foyled  by  the  Scots,  S*.  Philanus  arm  was  seen 
to  fight  (if  *  Hector  Boethius  doth  not  impose)  that  Mas  be- 
fore shut  up  in  a  silver  capcase  :  Another  time  in  the  same 
author  S'.  Magnus  fought  for  them.  Now  for  visions,  reve- 
lations, miracles,  not  onely  out  of  the  Legend,  out  of  purga- 
tory, but  every  daye  comes  newes  from  the  Lidies,  and  at 
home,  read  the  Jesuites  letters,  Ribadineira,  Thurselinus, 
Acosta,  Lippomanus,  Xaverius,  Ignatius  lives,  kc.  and  tell 
me  what  difference  ? 

His  ordinary  instruments  or  factors,  which  he  useth,  as  God 
himself  did  good  kings,  lawful  magistrates,  patriarchs,  pro- 
phets, to  the  establishing  of  his  church,  'are  polititians, 
statesmen,  priests,  heretiques,  blinde  guides,  impostours, 
pseudoprophets,  to  propagate  his  superstition.  And  first  to 
begin  with  polititians  :  it  hath  ever  been  a  principal  axiome 
M'ith  them,  to  maintain  religion,  or  superstition,  which  they 
determine  of,  alter  and  vary  upon  all  occasions,  as  to  them 
seems  best.  They  make  religion  meer  policie,  a  cloak,  a 
human  invention  ;  nihil  aque  valet  ud  reffendos  vulgi  animos 
ac  superstitio,  as  ^Tacitus  and  ''Tully  holde.  Austin  /.  4. 
de  civitut  Dei  c.  9.  censures  Scievola  saying  and  acknow- 
ledging, expedire  civil atcs  rclif/ioiiejalli,  that  it  was  a  fit 
thing  cities  should  be  deceived  by  religion,  according  to  the 

»  Orati  lege  me  dicastis,  mnlieres.     Dion  Halicarn.  •>  Tully  de  nat.  Deornin 

lib.  2.  i-Equa  Venus  Teucris,  Pallas  iniqna  fuiL  '  Jo.  Molanus  lib.  3.  cap.  59. 

••  Pet  Oliver.  De  Johanne  priino  Portugalliir  rcge  strenue  pugnans,  et  adversa;  partis 
ictus  clypeo  excipiens.  '  L.  14.  Loculos  .sponte  apeniisse  et  pro  iis  pugnasse. 

'  Heligion,  as  they  hold:-,  is  policie,  invented  alone  to  keep  men  in  awe.  S  1.  Anna!. 
''Ounes  reli^one  inoventul-.  5.  in  Verrein. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]      Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.         497 

diverbe,  Si  mundus  vult  decipi,  decipiatur,  if  the  world  will 
be  oulled,  let  it  be  gulled;  'tis  good  howsoever  to  keep  it  in 
subjection.  'Tis  that  *  Aristotle  and  ''Plato  inculcate  in  their 
politiques;  Religion  neglected^  brings  plagues  to  the  city^ 
opens  a  gap  to  all  naughtiness.  'Tis  that  which  all  our  late 
polititians  ingeminate.  Cromerus  /.  2.  pol.  hist.  Boterus,  I.  3. 
de  incrementis  urbium,  Clapmariiis  /.  2.  c.  9.  de  Arconis  re- 
rump.  Ariiisaeuscft/).  4.  lib.  2,  polit.  Captain  Machiavel  will 
have  a  prince,  by  all  mean  >»  to  counterfeit  religion,  to  be  su- 
perstitious in  shew,  at  least;  to  seem  to  be  devoute,  frequent 
holy  exercises,  honour  divines,  love  tlie  church,  affect  priests, 
as  Numa,  Lycurgus,  and  such  law-makers  were,  and  did  ;  non 
ut  his  /idem  haheant,  sed  ut  suhditos  religionis  metu  faciliusin 
officio  contineant,  to  keep  people  in  obedience.  "Nam  natu- 
raliter  (as  Cardan  writes)  lex  Christiana  lex  est  pietatis,jus- 
titicc,  Jidei,  simpUcitatis,  6rc.  But  this  errour  of  his,  Inno- 
centius  Jentilettus  a  French  lawyer,  Theorem.  9-  comment.  I. 
de  Relig.  and  Thomas  Bozius,  in  his  book  de  minis  gentium 
et  7'egnorum,  have  copiously  confuted.  Many  polititians,  f 
dare  not  denye,  maintain  religion  as  a  true  meanes,  and  sin- 
cerely speak  of  it  without  hypocrysie;  are  truely  zealous  and 
religious  themselves.  Justice  and  religion  are  the  two  chief 
props  and  supporters  of  a  well  governed  commonwealth:  but 
most  of  them  are  but  Machiavellians;  counterfeits  only  for 
politicall  ends;  for,  Solus  Rex  (which  Campanella  cap.  18. 
Atheismi  Triumphati  observes)  as  amongst  our  modern  Turkes, 
Reipub.  Finis,  as  knowing  '^magnum  ejus  in  animosimperium; 
and  that  as  "^  Sabellicus  delivers,  a  mamcithout  religion  is  like 
an  horse  without  a  bridle.  No  way  better  to  curb  then  super- 
stition, to  terrific  mens  consciences,  and  to  keep  them  in  awe: 
they  make  new  lawes,  statutes,  invent  new  religions,  cere- 
monies, as  so  many  stalking  horses,  to  their  owne  ends.  ^ Haze 
enim  (religio)  si  falsa  sit,  dummodo  vera  credatur,  animorum 
ferociam  domat,  libidines  coercet,  subditos  principi  obse- 
quentes  efficit.  Therefore  (saith  §  Polybius  of  Lycurgus) 
did  he  maintain  ceremonies,  not  that  he  was  superstitious 
himselfe,  but  that  he  perceived  mortall  men  more  apt  to  em- 
brace paradoxes,  then  ought  else,  and  dust  attempt  no  evil 
things  for  feare  of  the  gods.  This  was  Zamolcus  stratagem 
amongst  the  Thracians ;  Numas  plot,  when  he  said  he  had 
conference  with  the  nymph  ^Egeria ;  and  that  of  Sertorius 

aZelcDcus,  praefat.  legis.     Qui  urbera  ant  regionem  inhabitant,  persuasos  esse  opor- 
let  esse  Decs.  blO.  de  legibus.  Religio  neglecta  niaxiraam  pestem  in  civitatem 

iufert,  omnium  scelernm  fenestram  aperit.  "^  Cardanus  Cora,  in  Ptolomaeum 

qiiadripart.  d  Ljpsius  1.  1.  c.  3.  «  Homo  sine  reli?ione,  sicut  eqnus 

sine  ffceno.  fVauinus  dial.  52.  de  oraculis.  s  Lib.  10.  Ideo  Lycurgus, 

&c.  non  quod  ipse  ?',iperstitiosus,  sed  quod  videret  mortales  paradoxa  facilius  amplecti. 
Bee  res  graves  andere  sine  periculo  Deorum. 

VOL.  II.  KK 


498  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

witli  an  hart;  to  get  more  credit  to  their  decrees,  by  deriving 
them  from  the  «-ods ;  or  else  they  did  all  by  divine  instinct, 
wliich  Nicliolas  Daniascen  mcH  observes  of  Lycurgus,  Solon, 
and  Minos,  they  had  their  lawes  dictated,  monfe  sacro,  by  Ju- 
piter himself.  So  Mahomet  referred  his  new  lawes  to  the 
^  Ang-el  Gabriel,  by  whose  direction,  he  oave  out,  they  were 
made.  Caligula,  in  Dion,  fained  himself  to  be  familiar  with 
Castor  and  Pollux,  and  many  such,  M'hich  kept  those  Romans 
under,  (who,  as  Michiavel  proves,  lib.  I.  dispnt.  cap.  \l  et  12. 
wererelir/ione  maxime  7«o^i,  most  superstitious:)  and  did  curb 
the  people  more  by  this  meanes,  then  by  force  of  armes,  or 
severity  of  humane  lawes.  Sola  plehecnla  earn  ar/noscehat 
(saith  Vaninus  dial,  1.  lib.  4.  de  admirandis  natiircB  arcanis) 
speaking-  of  religion,  qua^  facile  decipitur,  Jiiar/nates  vera  et 
philosophi  necpiaquain ;  your  grandies  and  philosophers  had 
no  such  conceit,  sed  ad  imperii  coiifbrmationem  et  amplijica- 
tiotiem,  quam  sine  pra:textu  reliqionis  tueri  non  poterant ;  and 
many  thousands  in  all  ages  have  ever  held  as  much,  philoso- 
phers especially,  animadvertebant  hi  semper  hcec  essej'ahellas, 
attamen  ob  metum  publico'  potestatis  silere  cogebantur,  they 
were  still  silent  for  fear  of  lawes,  &c.  To  this  end,  that 
Syrian  Phyresides,  Pythagoras  his  master,  broached  in  the 
East  amongst  the  heathens,  first  the  immortality  of  the  soule, 
as  Trismegistus  did  in  iEgypt,  with  a  many  of  fained  Gods. 
Those  French  and  Britain  druides  in  the  west,  first  taught, 
saith  ''Ccesar,  non  interire  animas,  but  after  death  to  go  from 
one  to  another,  that  so  tJtey  might  encourage  them  to  vertue. 
'Twas  for  a  politique  end  ;  and  to  this  purpose  the  old  poets 
fained  those  *^  Elysian  fields,  their  iEacus,  Minos,  and  Rhada- 
mantus,  their  infernal  judges,  and  those  Stygian  lakes,  fiery 
Phlegetons,  Plutos  kingdome,  and  variety  of  torments  after 
death.  Those  that  had  done  well,  went  to  the  Elysian  fields; 
but  evil  doers  to  Cocytus,  and  to  that  burning  lake  of  *'hell, 
with  fire  and  brimstone  for  ever  to  be  tormented.  'Tis  this 
which  ^ Plato  labors  for  in  his  Phsedon,  et  9.  de  rep.  The 
Turkes  in  thoir  Alcoran,  when  they  set  down  rewards,  and 
severall  punishments  forevery  particular  vertue  and  vice;  'when 
they  perswade  men, that  they  thatdye  in  battle, shallgodirectly 
to  heaven ;  but  wicked  livers  to  eternal  torment,  and  aU  of  all 
sortes  (much  like  our  papistical  purgatory)  for  a  set  time  shall 
be  tortured  in  their  graves,  as  appears  by  that  tract  which  John 

a  Cieonardns  epist.  1.     Novas  leges  snas  ad  Ang^elum  Gabrielem  referebat,  qno  mo- 
nitoie,  mentiebatiir  omnia  se  gerere.  ^  LJb.  16.  belli  Gallici.     Ut  metti  mortis 

neglecto,  ad  virtutem  incitarent.  c  Dp  ;,ig  lege  Lucianum  de  luctu  Tom.  1. 

Homer.  Odyss.  11.  Virg.  ^En.  6.  <' Barathro  siilfiire  et  flanima  staguante 

seternmn  demergebanlur.  «  Et  .3.  de  reptib.     Omnis  institntio  adolescentum  eo 

referenda,  ut  de  Deo  bene  sentient,  ob  conirauae  bonum.  f  Boterus. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  ^.]      Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.        499 

Baptista  Alfaqui  that  Mauritania!!  priest,  now  turned  Christian, 
hath  written  in  his  confutation  of  the  Alcoran.  After  a  mans 
death  two  black  angels,  Nunquir  and  Nequir  (so  they  call 
them)  come  to  him  to  his  grave,  and  punish  hirafor  his  prece- 
dent sins  ;  if  he  lived  well  they  torture  him  the  less ;  if  ill, 
per  indesinejites  cruciatns  ad  diem  judicii,  they  incessantly  pu- 
nish him  to  the  daye  of  judgement.  Nemo  viventium  qui  ad 
horum  mentionem  non  totus  horret  et  contremiscit,  the  thought 
of  this  crucifies  them  all  their  lives  long-,  and  makes  them 
spende  their  dayes  in  fasting- and  prayer,  we  mala  ha^c  contin- 
gant,  &rc.  A  Tartar  prince,  saith  Marcus  Polus,  lib.  1.  cap.  28. 
called  Senex  de  montibus,  the  better  to  establish  his  govern- 
ment amongst  his  subjects,  and  to  keep  them  in  awe,  found 
a  convenient  place  in  a  pleasant  valley,  environed  with  hils, 
in  ^  which  he  made  a  delitious  park,  full  of  odoriferous  floiores 
and  fruits,  and  a  palace  full  of  all  ivorldly  contents,  that 
could  possibly  be  devised,  nmsick,  pictures,  variety  of  meats, 
&c.  and  chose  out  a  certain  yong  man,  whom  with  a  ^ sopo- 
riferous  potion  he  so  benummed,  that  he  perceived  nothing  : 
and  so,  fast  asleep  as  he  was,  caused  him  to  be  conveyed  into 
this  f aire  garden.  Where  after  lie  had  lived  a  while  in  all  such 
pleasures  a  sensual  man  could  desire, ''^e  cast  him  into  a  sleep 
againe,  and  brought  him  forth,  that  ichen  he  awaked  he  might 
tell  others  he  had  been  in  paradise.  The  like  he  did  for  hell, 
and  bythismeanes  brought  his  people  to  subjection.  Because 
heaven  and  hell  are  mentioned  in  the  scriptures,  and  to  be  be- 
leeved  necessary  by  christians  :  so  cunningly  can  the  diveland 
his  ministers,  in  imitation  of  true  religion,  counterfeitand  forge 
the  like,  to  circumvent  and  delude  his  superstitious  followers. 
Many  such  trickes  and  impostures  are  acted  by  polititians,  in 
China,  especially,  but  with  what  effect  1  will  discourse  in  the 
symptomes. 

Next  to  polititians,  if  I  may  distinguish  them,  are  some  of 
our  priests,  (who  make  religion  policy)  if  not  far  beyond 
them,  for  they  domineer  over  princes  and  statesmen  them- 
selves. Carnificinam  exercent,  one  saith,  they  tyrannize  over 
mens  consciences  more  then  any  other  tormentors  whatsoever, 
partly  for  their  commodity  and  gaine ;  religionum  enim  om- 
nium abusus  (as  ^  Postellus  holds)  qucestus  scilicet  sacri/icum 
in  causa  est :  for  soveraignty,  credit,  to  maintain  their  state 


*  Citraaqnam,  viiirlarium  plantavit  raa:::imumet  pulcherrirautn,  floribus  ofloriferis  et 
suavibas  frnctibus  plenum,  &c.  ''Potun[,  qnendam  dedit,  quo  inescatus,  et  graw 

sopore  oppressus,  in  viridarium  interim  ducebatm-,  &c.  <=  Atque  iterum  memo- 

ratiim  potum  bibendum  exhibuit,  et  sic  extra  Paradisnm   reduxit,  ut  cum  evigilaret,  so- 
pore solute,  &c.  <*  Lib.  1.  de  orb.  Concord,  cap.  7. 

kk2 


500  Religious  Melancholy.        [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

and  reputation,  out  of  ambition   and  avarice,  which  are  their 
rhiefe  supporters.    What  have  they  not  made  the  common  peo- 
ple beleeve?  Impossibilities  in  nature,  incredible  things;  what 
devices,  traditions,  ceremonies,  have  they  not  invented  in  all 
ages,  to  keep  men  in  obedience,  to  enrich  themselves  ?   Quibiis 
cjuccstui  sunt  capti  super stitiovc  nnimi,  as  "Livy  saith.     Those 
^Egyptian  priests  of  old,  got  all  the  soverai^nty  into  their  hands, 
and  knowing,  ''as  Curtius  insinuates,  7i?i//a  res  efficacius  vinl- 
titudinem  re(/it  quam  super stitio;  jnelius  vatihusquam  ducibus 
parent,  vanu  relif/ionc  capti,  etiam  impotentes  foeniinoc ;  the 
common  people  Avill  sooner  obey  priests  then  captains,  and  no- 
thing so  forcible  as  superstition,  or  better  then  blindezealeto 
rule  a  multitude  ;  have  so  terrified  and  gulled  them,  that  it  is 
incredible  to  relate.     AH  nations  almost,  have  been  besotted 
in  this  kinde.      Amongst  our  Britainjs  and  old   Gaules  the 
Druides;  Magi  in  Persia  ;  Philosophers  in  Greece;  Chaldeans 
amongst  the  Orientall ;  Brachmanniin  India;  Gymnosophists 
in /Ethiopia;  the  Turditanes  in  Spaine  ;  Augures  in  Rome, 
have  insulted ;  Apollos  priests  in  Greece,  Ph^bades  and  Py- 
thonissse,  by  their  oracles  and  phantasmes ;  Amphiaraus  and 
his  companions ;  now  Mahometan  and  Pagan  priests,  what  can 
they  not  effect  ?  How  doe  they  not  infatuate  the  world  ?  Adeo 
uhiqiie  (as  '^  Scaliger  Mritcs   of  the  Mahometan   priests)  turn 
gentium  turn  locorum,  gens  ista  sacrorum  ministra,  vulqi  secat 
spes,  ad  ea  quae  ipsi  Jingunt  somuia,  so  cunningly  can  they 
gull  the  commons  in  all  places  and  countries.     But  above  all 
othei-s,  that  high  priest  of  Rome,  the  dam  of  that  monstrous 
and  superstitious  brood,  the  bull-bellowing  pope,  which  now 
rageth  in  the  west,  that  three-headed  Cerberus  hath  plaid  his 
part.    ''  Whose  religion  at  this  day  is  meer  policie,a  state  ichollif 
composed  of  superstition  and  wit,  and  needs  nothing  but  icit 
and  superstition  to  viaintain  it :  that  Tseth  coUedges  and  reli- 
gious houses  to  as  good  purpose  as  forts  and  castles,  and  doth 
more  at  this  day   by  a  company  of  scribling-  parasites^  fiery 
spirited  friers,  zealous  anchorites,  hypocritical  confessours,and 
those  pretorian  souldiers,    his  Janisary  Jesuites,  that  disso- 
ciable society,  as  "^  Langius  terms  it,  postremus  diaboli  conatus, 
et  sceculi  excrementum,  that  now  stand  in  the  fore  fronte  of  the 
battle,  will  have  a  monopoly  of,  and  ingrosse  all  other  learning, 
but  domineer  in  divinity; 

^Excipiunt  soli  totius  vulnera  belli, 

and  fight  alone  almost,  for  the  rest  are  but  his  dromedaries  and 

a  Lib.  4.  b  Lib.  4.  c  Exprc.  528.  j  Sir  Ed  Sands.  *  In 

consult.  d«  princ.  inter  provinc.  Europ.  '  Lucian. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy,        501 

asses)  then  ever  he  could  have  done  by  j^arrisons  and  armies. 
What  power  of  prince,  or  poenal  law,  be  it  never  so  strict, 
could  enforce  men  to  doe  that  which  for  conscience  sake  they 
will  voluntarily  undergo?  As  to  fast  from  all  fleshe,  abstain 
from  marriage,  rise  to  their  prayers  at  midnight,  whip  them- 
selves, with  stupend  fasting  and  pennance,  abandon  the  world, 
wilful  1  poverty,  perform  canonical  and  blinde  obedience,  to 
prostrate  their  goods,  fortunes,  bodies,  lives,  and  offer  up  them- 
selves at  their  superiours  feet,  at  his  command  ?  What  so  pow- 
erful an  engin  as  superstition  ?  which  they  right  well  perceiv- 
ing, are  of  no  religion  at  all  themselves  :  Primum  enim  (as 
Calvin  rightly  suspects,  the  tenor  and  ])ractice  of  their  life 
proves)  arcancc  illins  theologies,  quod  aprid  eos  regnat^  caput 
est,  nnllnm.  esse  Deum,  they  hold  there  is  no  God,  as  Leo  10. 
did,  Hildebrand  the  magician,  Alexander  6.  Julius  2.  meer 
atheists,  and  which  the  common  proverb  amongst  them  ap- 
proves ;  ^  The  worst  Christians  of  Itahf  are  the  Romans,  of 
the  Romans  the  priests  are  wildest,  the  lewdest  priests  are  pre- 
ferred to  he  cardinals,  and  the  baddest  man  amongst  the  cardi- 
nals is  chosen  to  be  pope,  that  is  an  epicure,  as  most  part  the 
popesare,  infidels  and  Lucianists,for  so  they  think  andbeleeve; 
and  what  is  said  of  Christ,  to  be  fables  and  impostures  ;  of 
heaven  and  hell,  day  of  judgement^  paradise,  immortality  of 
the  soule,  are  all. 

•"  Rumores  vani,  verbaque  inania, 
Et  par  sollicito  fabula  somnio, 

Dreams,  toyes,  and  old  wives  tales.  Yet  as  so  many  '^  whet- 
stones to  make  other  tools  cut,  but  cut  not  themselves,  though 
they  be  of  no  religion  at  all,  they  will  make  others  most  devout 
and  superstitious,  by  promises  and  threats,  compel,  enforce 
from,  and  lead  them  by  the  nose  like  so  many  bears  in  a  line; 
when  as  their  end  is  not  to  propagate  the  church,  advance 
Gods  kingdome,  seeke  his  glory  or  common  good;  but  to  en- 
rich themselves,  to  enlarge  their  territories,  to  domineer  and 
compel  them  to  stand  in  aM  e,  to  live  in  subjection  to  the  see  of 
Rome,  For  what  otherwise  care  they  ?  Si  mundus  vult  decipi, 
decipiatur  ;  'tis  fit  it  should  be  so.  And  what  '^  Austin  cites 
from  Varro  to  maintain  his  Roman  religion,  we  may  better 
apply  to  them:  multa  vera,  cpice  vulgus  scire  non  est  utile ; 
pleraque  falsa,  qucetamen  aliter  existimare  populum  expedit ; 
some  things  are  true,  some  false,  which  for  their  owne  ends 
they  will  not  have  the  gullish  commonalty  take  notice  of. 
As  well  may  witness  their  intolerable  covetousness,  strange 

b  Sir  Ed.  Sands  in  his  Relation.  b  Seneca.  •=  Vice  cotis,  acntnni  Reddere 

qnw  ferrutn  valet,  exsors  ipsa  secandi.  ^  De  civ.  Dei  lib.  4.  cap.  31. 


502  RcUyious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.-  4. 

forgeries,  fopperies,  fooleries,  unrighteous  subtleties,  impos- 
tures, illusions,  new  doetriiies,  paradoxes,  traditions,  false  mi- 
racles, which  they  have  still  forg^ed,  to  enlhral,  circumvent  and 
subjugate  theui,  to  maintain  their  own  estates.     =*  One  while 
by  buls,   pardons,   indulgences,   and   their  doctrine  of  good 
works,   that  they  be  meritorious  ;   hope   of  heaven    by  that 
meanes,  they  have  so  fleeced  the  commonalty,  and  spurred  oji 
this  free  superstitious  horse,  that  he  runs  himself  blinde,  and 
is  an  asse  to  carry  burdens.     They  have  so  amplified  Peters 
patrimony,  that  from  a  poor  bishop,  he  is  become  rex  regum, 
(lominus  dominantium,  a  demi-god,  as  IjIs  canonists  make  him 
(Felinus  and   the  rest)  above   God   himselfe.     And   for  his 
wealth  and  ^temporalties,is  not  inferiour  to  many  kings  ;  'his 
cardinals,  princes  companions;  and  \x\  every  kingdome  almost, 
abbots,  priors,   monkes,  friers,   &c.  and  his  cleargy  have  in- 
grossed  a  '^  third  part,  half,  in  some  places  all,  into  their  hands. 
Three  prince  electors  in  Germany,  bishops;  besides  Magde- 
burge.  Spire,  Saltsburge,  Breme,  Bambnrge,  &c.     In  France, 
as  Bodine,  lib.  cle  repuh.  gives  us  to  understand,  their  revenues 
are  twelve  uiillions,  and  three  hundred  thousand  livres;  and  of 
twelve  parts  of  the  revenues  in  France,  the  church  possesseth 
seven.      The  Jesuites,  a  new  sect  begun  in  this  age.,  have,  as 
*  Middendorpius  and  "^Pelargus  reckon  up,  three  or  foure  hun- 
dred colledges  in   Europe,  and   more   revenues  then   many 
princes.     Iti  France,  as  Arnoldus  proves,  in  thirty  yeares  they 
have  got  Ms  centum  librarum  millhi  annua,  '2000001.     I  say 
nothing  of  the  rest  of  their  orders.     We  have  had  in  England, 
as  Armachanus  demonstrates,  above  thirty  thousand  friers  at 
once,  and  as  ^Speed  collects  out  of  Lelande  and  others,  almost 
()00  religious  houses,  and  neer  two  hundred  thousand  pound, 
in  revenues  of  the  old  rent,  belonging  to  them;  besides  images 
ofo-old.sdver,  plate,  furniture.goodsand  ornaments,  as ''  AYeever 
calculates,  and   esteems  them   at  the  dissolution  of  abbies, 
worth  a  million  of  gold.    How  many  towns  in  every  kingdome 
hath  superstition  enriched  !      VVhat  a  deal  of  mony  by  musty 
reliques,  images,  idolatry,  have  their  mass-priests  ingrossed, 
and   what  sums    have   they  scraped   by   their  other   tricks! 
Lauretum  in   Italy,  Walsingham  in  England,  in  those  dayes, 
ubi  omnia  auro  nitent,  saitli  Erasmus,  S*.  Thomas  shrine,  &c. 


a  Seeking  their  owd,  sailh  Paul,  not  Christs.  b  He  hath  the  dutchy  of  Spoledo 

in  Italy,  the  marqnisate  of  Ancona,  beside  Rome,  and  the  territories  adjacent,  Bo- 
logna, Ferrara,  Avignon  in  France,  &c.  <"  Estote  fratres  niei,  et  principes 
huju3  mundi.  '^  The  laity  suspect  their  greatness,  witnes.s  those  statutes  of  niort- 
main.  'Lib.  8.  de  Acndem.  '  Prwfat.  lib.  de  paradox.  Jesuit.  Rom.  pro- 
vincia  habet  Col.  -i^.  Neapol.  23.  Veneta  13.  Lusit.  \b.  India  orient.  "27.  Brasil.  20,  &c. 
(  Id  his  ciironic.  vit.  Hen.  8.            ''  15  cap.  of  his  funeral  Monuments. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.        503 

may  witness.  »  Delphos  so  renowned  of  old  in  Greece,  for 
Apollos  oracle,  Delos  commune  conciliabulum  et  emporium 
sold  religione  munitam ;  Dodona,  whose  fame  and  wealth 
were  sustained  by  religion,  were  not  so  rich,  so  famous.  If 
they  can  but  get  a  relique  of  some  saint,  the  Virgin  Maries 
picture,  idols  or  the  like,  that  city  is  for  ever  made,  it  needs 
no  other  maintenance.  Now  if  any  of  these  their  impostures 
or  jugling  tricks  be  controverted,  or  called  in  question  :  If  a 
magnanimous  or  zealous  Luther,  an  heroical  Luther,  as  ^  Dith- 
marus  cals  him,  dare  touch  the  monkes  bellies,  all  is  in  a 
combustion,  ail  is  in  an  uprore.  Demetrius  and  his  associates 
are  ready  to  pull  him  in  pieces,  to  keep  up  their  trades, 
"  Great  is  Diana  of  the  Ephesians :  With  a  mighty  shout  of 
two  houres  long  they  will  roare  and  not  be  pacified. 

Now  for  their  authority  :  what  by  auricular  confession, 
satisfaction,  penance,  Peters  keyes,  thundrings,  excommuni- 
cations, &c.  roaring  buls,  this  high  priest  of  Rome,  shaking- 
his  Gorgons  head,  hath  so  terrified  the  souie  of  many  a  silly 
man,  insulted  over  majesty  it  self,  and  swaggered  generally 
over  all  Europe  for  many  ages,  and  still  doth  to  some,  holding 
them  as  yet  in  slavish  subjection,  as  nevjr  tyrannizing  Spa- 
niards did  by  their  poor  Negroes,  or  Turkes  by  their  gally- 
slaves.  '^  The  Bishop  of  Rome  (saith  Stapleton,  a  parasite  of 
his,  de  mag.  Ecclcs.  lib.  2.  cap.  1.)  hath  done  that  tvithout 
amies,  ivhich  those  Roman  cmperours  could  never  atchieve 
with  forty  legions  of  souldiers ;  deposed  kings,  and  crowned 
them  again  with  his  foot;  made  friends,  and  corrected  at  his 
pleasure,  &c.  *  Tis  a  wonder,  saith  xMachiavel,  Florentince, 
hist.  lib.  1.  ichat  slavery  king  Henry  the  second  endured  for 
the  death  ofTho.  a  Becket,  what  things  he  icas  enjoyned  by  the 
Pope,  andhoto  he  submitted  himself  to  doe  that  ivhich  in  our  times, 
a  private  man  would  not  endure,  and  all  through  superstition. 
*  Henry  the  fourth,  deposed  of  his  empire,  stood  bare-footed 
WMth  his  wife  at  the  gates  of  Canossus.  §  Fredericke  the 
emperour  was  trodden  on  by  Alexander  the  third.  Another 
held  Adrians  stirrup;  king  John  kissed  the  knees  of  Pandul- 
phos  the  Popes  legat,  &c.  What  made  so  many  thousand 
Christians  travel  from  France,  Britain,  &c.  into  the  holy  land, 
spend  such  huge  summsof  mony,go  a  pilgrimage  so  familiarly 
to  Jerusalem,  to  creep  and  crouch,  but  slavish  superstition  ? 
What  makes  them  so  freely  venture  their  lives,  to  leave  their 

^Pausanias  in  Laconicis  lib.  3.     Idem  de  Achaicis  lib.  3.  Cnjas  summae  opes,  et 
valde  inclyta  fama.  bExercit.  Eth.  Colleg.  3.  disp.  3.  c  Act.  19.  2S. 

<'  Pontifes  Romanus  prorsus  inemiis  regibus  terras  jura  dat,  ad  regna  evehit,  ad  pacem 
cogit,  et  peccantes  castigat,  &c.  quod  iraperatores  Romani  40  legiopibiis  armati  non 
effeceruiit.  *  Mirum  quanta  passns  sit  H.  2.  qnoiiiodo  se  submisit,  ea  se  factunim 

poUicitus,  qnornm  hodie  ne  privatus  qiiidem  partem  faceret.  'Sigonius  9, 

hist.  Ital.  E  Curio  lib.  4.  Fox  Martyrol. 


504  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

native  countries,  to  go  seek  marlyrdomc  in  the  Indies,  but 
superstition?  to  be  assassinates,  to  meet  deatli,  murder  kino?, 
but  a  false  perswasion  of  merit,  of  canonical  or  blinde  obedi- 
ence which  they  instill  into  them,  and  animate  them  by 
stranofe  illusions,  hope  of  beino-  martyrs  and  saints  ?  Such 
pretty  feats  can  the  divel  work  by  priests;  and  so  well  for  their 
own  advantage  can  they  play  their  parts.  AwiX  if  it  were  not 
yet  enough,  by  priests  and  polititians  to  delude  mankind, 
and  crucifie  the  soides  of  men,  he  hath  more  actors  in  his 
tragoEily,  uioro  irons  in  ih.e  fire,  anolljer  sceane  of  heretiques, 
factions,  and)itions  wits,  insolent  spirits,  schismaticks,  im- 
postors, false  propliets.  blind  <ruides  ;  that  out  of  pride,  sin- 
gularity, vainglory,  blinde  zeale,  cause  much  more  madness 
yet,  set  all  in  an  uprore  by  their  new  doctrines,  paradoxes, 
tigments,  crotchets,  make  new  divisons,  subdivisions,  new 
sects,  oppose  one  superstition  to  another,  one  kingdome  to 
another,  commit  prince  and  subjects,  brother  against  brother, 
father  against  son,  to  the  mine  and  destruction  of  a  common- 
wealih,  to  the  disturbance  of  peace,  and  to  make  a  generall 
confusion  of  all  estates.  How  did  these  Arrians  rage  of  old! 
How  many  did  they  circumvent !  Those  Pelagians,  Manichees, 
&c.  their  names  alone  would  make  a  just  volume.  Hov,-  many 
silly  souies  have  impostors  still  deluded,  drawn  away,  and 
quite  alienated  from  Christ!  LuciansAlexander,Simon  Magus, 
w  hose  statue  was  to  be  seen  and  adored  in  Rome,  saith  Justine 
Martyr,  Simoni  P'Cn  scmcto,  Sfc.  after  his  decease.  ^Apollo- 
nius  Tian.x'us,  Cynops,  Enmo,  who  by  counterfeiting  some 
new  cereujonies  and  juggling  tricks  of  that  Dea  Si/ria,  by 
spitting  fire,  and  the  like,  got  an  aruiy  together  of  forty  thou- 
sand men,  and  did  much  harm  :  with  Endo  de  stellis,  of 
whom  Nubrigensis  speakes,  lib.  1.  cap.  IJJ.  that  in  kino- 
Stephens  dayes  inn'tated  most  of  Christs  n)iracles,  fed  I  know 
not  how  many  people  in  the  Avilderness,  and  built  castles  in 
the  ayr,  &c.  to  the  seducing-  of  nudtitudes  of  poor  souies. 
In  Franconia.  147(),  a  base  illiterate  feUoM  took  upon  him  to  be 
a  prophet,  and  preach,  John  Beheim  by  name,  a  neatherd  at 
Nicholhausen  ;  he  seduced  30000  persons,  and  was  taken  by 
the  commonalty  to  be  a  most  holy  man,  come  from  heaven. 
^  Tradesmen  left  their  shops,  women  their  distaves,  servants 
ran  from  their  masters,  children  J'rom  their  parents,  schoUers 
left  their  tutors,  all  to  hear  him  ;  some  for  novelttf,  some  for 
zeale.  lie  was  burnt  at  last  by  the  Bishop  of  Wartzburr/e^ 
and  so   he  and  his  heresie   vanished  together.      How  many 

*  Hierocles  contends  Apollonins  to  havr  been  as  preat  a  prophet  as  Christ,  whom 
Ensebius  confutes.  ''  Miinster  Cosmoi;.  I.  3.  c.  '.iG.     Artifices  ex 

ofBcinis,  foemiDa"  e  co)o,  f^c.  quasi  numine  quorlam  rapti,  nesciis  parentibns  et 
dominis,  recta  adeunt,  he.  Combustug  demum  ab  HerbipoleDBJ  episcopo,  haeresis 
evanuit. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.        505 

such  impostours,  false  prophets,  Lave  lived  in  every  kings 
raign  !  What  chronicle  will  not  afford  such  examples!  that  as 
so  many  ignesj'atni,  have  led  men  out  of  the  way,  terrified 
some,  deluded  others,  that  are  apt  to  be  carried  about  with 
the  blast  of  every  winde,  a  rude  inconstant  nniltitude,  a  silly 
company  of  poor  soules,  that  follow  all,  and  are  cluttered  to- 
gether like  so  many  pibbles  in  a  tide.  What  prodigious  follies, 
madness,  vexations,  persecutions,  absurdities,  impossibilities, 
these  impostours,  heretiques,  &c.  have  thrust  upon  the  world; 
what  strange  etfects,  shall  be  shewed  in  the  symptomes. 

Now  the  meanes  by  which,  or  advantages  tliedivel  and  his 
infernall  ministers  take,  so  to  delude  ajid  disquiet  the  world 
with  such  idle  ceremonies,  false  doctrines,  superstitious  fop- 
peries, are  from  themselves,  innate  ieare,  ignorance,  simpli- 
city, hope  and  feare,  those  two  battering*  cannons  and  prin- 
cipal engius,  with  their  objects,  reward  and  punishment,  pur- 
gatory, Limhus  Patrnm,  6:c.  which  now  more  then  ever 
tyrannize;  ^J'or  ichat  province  is  free  from  atheisme,  st/per- 
stition,  idolatrif,  scliisme,  heresie,  impiety,  their  J'actoiirs  and 
followers?  thence  they  proceed,  and  from  that  same  decayed 
image  of  God,  Avhich  is  yet  remaining  in  us. 

Os  homini  sublime  dedit,  ccfilumque  tueri 

Jussit, 

our  own  conscience  doth  dictate  so  much  unto  us;  v,e  know 
there  is  a  God,  and  nature  doth  informe  us  ;  ^  Xvlla  yens  tarn 
barbara  (saith  Tully)  cui  non  insideat  hcec  persiiasio  Dpum 
esse;  sed  nee  Scytha,  nee  Gr evens,  nee  Persa,  nee  Hyper- 
boreus  dissentiet  (as  3Iaximus  Tyrins  the  Platonist  ser.  1. 
farther  addes)  nee  coyitinentis  nee  insularnm  hauiiator,  let 
him  dwell  where  he  will,  in  what  coast  soever,  there  is  no 
nation  sa  barbarous  that  is  not  perswaded  there  is  a  God. 
It  is  a  wonder  to  reade  of  that  infinite  superstition  amongst  the 
Indians  in  this  kinde,  of  their  tenents  in  America,  pro  sno 
quisque  lihitu  varias  res  venerabantnr  svperstiiiose,  plantas^ 
animalia,  montes,  Si-c.  cmne  quod  amabant  ant  horrebunt 
(some  few  places  excepted,  as  he  grants,  that  had  no  God  at 
all).  So  the  heavens  declare  the  ylory  of  God,  and  the  fr- 
mament  declareth  his  handie-ivork,  Psalm  19.  Every  crea- 
ture will  evince  it ; 

PrKsentemque  refert  qugelibet  herba  Deura. 

Nolentes  scinnt,  fatentnr  inviti,  as  the  said  Tyrius  proceeds, 
wiil  or  nill,  they  must  acknowledoe  it.  The  philosophers, 
Socrates,  Plato,    Plotinus,  Pythagoras,  Trismegius,   Seneca, 

^  »  Nulla  non  pi-oTincia  hjeresibus,  afheismis.  &c.  plena.  Nulhis  orbis  angnlns  ab 
hisce  heiliiis  iminiinis.  b  Lib.  1.  de  nat.  IJeorum. 


50C  Religious  Melancholy,         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

Epictetus,  those  Majri,  Druides,  &c.  went  as  far  as  tliey  could 
by  the  light  of  Nature  ;  ="  multa  prcvclara  de  nalnrd  Dei 
script  a  reliquerunt,  writ  many  thiuys  well  of  the  nature  of  God, 
hut  they  had  but  a  confused  light,  a  glimpse  ; 

b  Quale  per  inoertam  hinam  sub  hice  maligna 
Est  iter  in  sylvis, 

as  he  that  Avalkes  by  moonshine  in  a  wood,  they  oropod  in  the 
darke.  They  had  a  gross  knowledge,  as  ho  in  Euripides,  O 
Dens,  quicfjuid  es,  sive  ccehim,  sive  terra,  sive  aliud  onid;  and 
that  of  Aristotle,  Ens  entinm  miserere  mei.  And  so  of  the 
immortality  of  tlie  sonle,  and  future  happiness.  Immortali- 
tatem  animcc  (sai(h  Ilieronie)  Pythagoras  soniniavit,  Demo- 
critus  non  credidit,  in  consolationem  damnationls  sua:  Socrates 
in  carcere  disputavit ;  Indus,  Persa,  Gothus,  6,-c.  philoso- 
phantur.  So  some  said  this,  some  that,  as  they  conceived 
themselves;  which  (he  divel  perceiving-,  led  them  farther  out 
(as  '^Lemnius  observe?)  and  made  them  worship  him  as  their 
God,  with  stockesand  sJones;  and  torture  themselves  to  their 
owne  destructione,  as  he  thongiit  fit  himself;  inspired  his 
priests  and  ministers  with  lies  and  fictions  to  prosecute  the 
same;  which  they  for  tlseir  own  ends  were  as  willing-  to 
undergoe,  taking  advantage  of  their  simplicitie,  feare  and 
ignorance.  For  the  common  people  are  as  a  liocke  of  sheep, 
a  rude  illiterate  rout,  void  many  times  of  common  sense,  a 
meer  beast,  hellua  mnltornm  capitum,  will  go  M'hithersoever 
they  are  led  :  as  you  lead  a  ram  over  a  gap  by  tht  homes,  all 
the  rest  M'ill  follow;  '^noji  (jud  eunduni,  sed  qua  itur,  they 
will  doe  as  they  see  others  doe,  and  as  their  prince  will  have 
them;  let  him  be  of  what  religion  he  will,  they  are  for  him. 
Now  for  those  idolaters,  Maxentius  and  Licinius  ;  then,  for 
Constantino  a  Christian.  •=  Qui  Christum  negant  male  pereant, 
acclamutum  est  decies,  for  two  houres  space ;  qui  Christum 
non  colunt,  Augusti  inimici  sunt,  acclamatum  est  tor  decies  ; 
and  by  and  by  idolaters  again  under  that  Apostate  Julianus; 
all  Arrians  under  Constantius ;  good  Catholiques  again  under 
Jovinianus.  And  little  difference  there  is  betwixt  the  discre- 
lion  of  men  and  children  in  this  case  ;  especially  ofoldfolkes 
and  women,  as  '  Cardan  discourseth,  when  as  they  are  tossed 
with  feare  and  superstition,  and  tcith  other  mens  folly  and 


a  Zanchius.  **  Virg.  G.  /En.  ^  Siiperstitio  ex  ignorant! A  divinitatia 

emersit,  f-x  vitiosa  semulatione,  et  Hwnionis  illicebris,  inconstans,  tiraena,  iliictuans,  et 
cni  se  atldicat  nesciens,  qutni  imploret,  cai  se  coniniiftat,  a  (Ia;mone  facile  decepta. 
Lcmnius,  lib.  3.  c.  8.  ''Seneca,  "^  Vide  Baroniuin  3.  Annalimn,  ad 

annnm  3-'4.  vit.  Constantin.  file  rcriim  vnrietate  1.  3.  c.  38.     Panim  vero 

distat  sapicntia  vjronim  a  pnerili,  mni(o  minus  seniim  et  mnliernai,  ciim  metn  et  snjier- 
stitione  et  aliena  slultitia  et  irnprobitate  simplices  agitantar. 


Mem.  1,  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.         507 

dishonesty.      So  that  1  may  say  their  ignorance  is  a  cause  of 
their  superstition,  a  symptome,  and  madness  it  self; 

Siipplicii  causa  est,  suppliciuinque  sui. 
Their  own  feare,  folly,  stupidity,  to  be  deplored  letharg-y,  is 
that  which  gives  occasion  to  the  other,  and  puis  these  miseries 
on  their  own  heads.  For  in  all  these  religions  and  super- 
stitions, amongst  our  idolaters,  you  shall  ^till  finde  that  the 
parties  first  atFected,  are  silly,  rude,  ignorant  people,  old  folkes, 
that  are  naturally  prone  to  superstition,  weak  women,  or  some 
poor  rude  illiterate  persons,  that  are  apt  to  be  wrought  upon, 
and  gulled  in  this  kinde,  prone  without  either  examination  or 
due  consideration,  (for  they  take  up  religion  a  trust,  as;  at 
mercers  they  do  their  wares)  to  beleeve  any  thing.  And  the 
best  meanes  they  have  to  broach  first,  or  to  maintain  it  Avheti 
they  have  done,  is  to  keep  them  still  in  ignorance:  for  Ifjno- 
rance  is  the  mother  of  devotion^  as  hH  the  world  knowes,  and 
these  times  Can  amply  witness.  This  Isath  been  the  divels 
practice,  and  his  infernall  ministers  in  all  ages;  not  as  our 
Saviour  by  a  few  silly  fishermen,  to  confound  the  wisdome  of 
the  world,  to  save  publicans  and  sinners,  but  to  make  ad- 
vantage of  their  ignorance,  to  confound  them  and  their  asso- 
ciates; and  that  they  may  better  effect  what  they  intend,  titey 
begin,  as  1  say,  with  poor,  '^stupid,  illiterate  persons.  So 
Mahomet  did  when  he  publis'ied  his  Alcoran,  v/hich  is  a  piece 
of  work  (said  ,  ^  Bredenbachius)  J'nll  of  non-sense^  fxirba- 
risme,  coiifusion,  ivithout  rime,  reason,  or  amf  r/ood  com- 
position ;  Jirst  published  to  a  company  of  rude  rustickes,  hog- 
rubbers,  that  had  no  discretio?i,  J7idyement,  art,  or  under- 
standing ;  and  is  so  still  maintained.  For  it  is  a  part  of  their 
policy  to  let  no  man  comment ;  dare  to  dispute  or  call  in 
(piestion,  to  this  day,  any  part  of  it,  be  it  never  so  absurd, 
incredible,  ridiculous;  fabulous  as  it  is,  it  must  be  beleeved 
implicite  ;  upon  pain  of  death  no  man  must  dare  to  contradict 
it,  God  and  the  Emperonr,  Sj-c.  What  else  do  our  Papists, 
but  by  keeping  the  people  in  ignorance,  vent  and  broach  all 
their  new  ceremonies  and  traditions,  when  they  conceal  the 
Sciipture,  reade  it  in  Latine,  and  to  some  few  alone,  feeding 
the  slavish  people  in  the  mean  time,  with  tales  out  of 
Legends,  and  such  like  fabulous  narrations'?  Whom  do  they 
begin  with  but  collapsed  ladies,  some  few  tradesmen,  super- 
stitious old  folkes,  illiterate  persons,  weak  women,  discontent, 
rude,  silly  companions,  or  sooner  circumvent?     So  do  all  our 


*  lu  all  superstition,  wise  men  follow  fools.     Bacon's  Essayes.  b Peregrin. 

Hieros.  cap.  5.  Totum  scriptnm  confusuui  sine  ordiae  vel  colore,  absque  sensu  ef 
rationc  ad  rustioiHsinios  idem  dedit,  rudissitnos.  et  prorsus  agrestes,  qui  nulljns  erant 
djscretionisj  ut  dijudicrfre  poasent. 


508  Religious  Melanchohj.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

scliismaticks  and  heretiqiics.  Marcus  and  Valentinian,  liere- 
tiqiics  in  ^  Irenneiis,  seduced  first,  I  know  not  how  many 
women,  and  made  them  belceve  they  were  prophets.  ^  Frier 
Cornelius  of  Dort,  seduced  a  company  of  silly  Momen.  What 
are  all  our  Anabaptists,  Brownists.  Barrowists,  Familists,  but 
a  company  of  rude,  illiterate,  capritious  base  fellowes  ?  What 
are  most  of  our  Papists,  but  stupid,  ioiiorant,  and  blinde  bay- 
ards? how  should  they  otherwise  be,  when  as  they  are  brought 
up  and  kept  still  in  darkness?  "  If  their  pctstors-  (snith  Lavater) 
had  done  their  dfitica,  and  instructed  their  Jiockcs  as  they 
ought,  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion, or  had  not  for- 
bidden them  the  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  theg  had  not  been  as 
they  are.  But  beino- so  mis-led  all  their  lives  in  superstition, 
and  carried  hood-winked  like  hawkes,  how  can  they  prove 
otherwise  then  blinde  ideots,  and  superstitions  asses  ?  what 
8hall  we  expect  else  at  their  hands?  Neither  is  it  sufficient  to 
keep  them  blinde,  and  in  Cymmerian  darkness,  but  withall,  as 
a  schoolmaster  doth  by  his  boyes,  to  make  them  follow  their 
books,sometimes  by  good  hope,  promises  and  encouragements; 
but  most  of  all  by  feare.  strict  discipline,  severity,  threats  and 
punishment,  do  they  collogue  and  sooth  up  tbeir  silly  auditors, 
and  so  bring  them  into  a  fools  paradise.  Re.r  eris,  aiunt,  si 
recte  fades,  do  well,  thou  shalt  be  crowned  ;  but  for  the  most 
part  by  threats,  terrours  and  affrights,  they  tyrannize  and 
terrific  their  distressed  soules;  knowing*  that  fenre  alone  is  the 
sole  and  onely  means  to  keep  men  in  obedience,  according  to 
that  Hemistichium  of  Petronius,  primus  in  orbe  Deos fecit 
timor,  the  feare  of  some  divine  and  supreme  powers,  keeps 
men  in  obedience,  makes  the  people  do  their  duties ;  they 
play  upon  their  consciences;  '^  which  was  practised  of  old  in 
/Egypt  by  their  priests.  When  there  wasan  eclipse,  they  made 
the  people  beleeveGod  was  angry,  great  miseries  were  to  come; 
they  take  all  opportunities  of  naturall  causes,  to  delude  the 
peoples  senses,  and  with  fearfull  tales  out  of  purgatory,  fained 
apparitions,  earth  quakes  in  Japonia  or  China,  tranicall  ex- 
amples of  divels,  possessions,  obsessions,  false  miracles,  coun- 
terfeit visions,  &c.  they  doe  so  insult  over,  and  restrain  ihem, 
never  Iloby  so  dared  a  larke,  that  they  will  not  ^  offend  the 
least  tradition,  tread,  or  scarselook  awry.  Deusbone,(' L^vntcr 
exclaimes)  (juot  hoc  commentuni  de  purgatorio  misere  ajfiixit! 
good  God,  how  many  men  have  been  miserably  afflicted  by 
this  fiction  of  purgatory  ! 

«  Lib.  1.  cap.  9.  Valent.  hsres.  9.  ''  Meteranns  li.  8.  hist.  Belg.  ^  Si 

doctores  saum  fecissent  oflicium,  et  plebem  fidei  commissam  recte  iostitaissent  de 
doctrina:  Christiaux  capitibus,  nee  sacris  scriptnris  interdixissent,  de  multis  pronildiibio 
recte  sensissent.  <*  Curtius  li.  4.  «See  more  in  Kemnisitis  Examen 

Coocil.  Trident  de  Purgatorio.  f  Part  ).  c.  16.  part  3.  cap.  18.  et  14. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.        509 

To  these  advantages  of  hope  and  feare,  ignorance  and  sim- 
plicity, he  hath  several  engins,   traps,  devices,  to  batter  and 
enthrall ;  omitting  no  opportunities,  according  to  mens  severall 
inclinations,  abilities,  to  circumvent  and   humour  them ;  to 
maintain  his  superstition  ;  sometimes  to  stupifie,  besot  them; 
sometimes  again  by  oppositions,  factions,  to  set  all  at  oddes 
and  in  an  uprore  ;  sometimes  he  infects  one  man,  and  makes 
him  a  principall   agent ;  sometimes  whole   cities,  countries. 
If  of  meaner  sort,  by  stupidity,   canonicall  obedience,  blind 
zeale,  &c.     If  of  better  note,  by  pride,  ambition,  popularity, 
vain  glory.     If  of  the  cleargy  and   more  eminent,  of  better 
parts  then  the  rest,  more  learned,  eloquent,  he  puffes  them  up 
with  a  vain  conceit  of  their  own  worth,   scientid  mfiati,  they 
begin  to  swell  and  scorn  all  the  world  in  respect  of  themselves, 
and   thereupon  turn   heretiques,  schismatickes,   broach  new 
doctrines,  frame  new  crotchets  and  the  like;  or  else  out  of  too 
much  learnino-  become   mad  ;  or  out  of  curiosity,  they  will 
search  into  Gods  secrets,  and  eat  of  the  forbidden  fruit;  or  out 
of  presumption  of  their  holiness  and  good  gifts,  inspirations, 
become  propliets,  enthusiasts,  and  what  not?  Or  else,  if  they  be 
displeased,  discontent,  and  have  not  (as  they  suppose)  pre- 
ferment to  their  worth,  havesome  disgrace,  repulse,  neglected, 
or  not  esteemed  as  they  fondly  value  themselves,  or  out  of  emu- 
lation  they   begin  presently  to  rage  and  rave,   caelum  terrce 
miscent,  they  become  so  impatient  in  an  instant,  that  a  whole 
kingdome  cannot  contain  them;  they  will  set  all  in  a  combus- 
tion, all  at  variance,  to  be  revenged  of  their  adversaries.     ^  Do- 
natus,  when   he  saw  Cecilianus  preferred  before  him  in  the 
bishoprick  of  Carthage,  turned  heretique  ;   and  so  did  Arian, 
because  Alexander  was  advanced:  we  have  examples  at  home, 
and  too  many  experiments  of  such  persons.  If  they  be  lay-men 
of  better  note,  the  same  engins  of  pride,  ambition,  emulation, 
and  jealousie    take    place  ;  they   will    be  gods  themselves. 
''Alexander  in  India  after  his  victories  became  so  insolent,  he 
would  be  adored  for  a  god :  and  those  Roman  emperours  came 
to  that  height  of  madness,   they  must  have  temples  built  to 
them;  sacrifices  to  their  deities;  Divus  Augustus,  D.  Claudius, 
J).  Adrianus  :  " Heliogahalus  put  out  that  Vestalljire  at  Rome, 
expelled  the  virgins, and  banished  all  other  religions  all  over  the 
world,  and  tvould  he  the  sole  god  himself.     Our  Turkes,  China 
kings,  great  Chams,and  Mogors,do  little  less;  assumingdivine 
and   bombast  titles  to  themselves  ;  the  meaner  sort  are  too 
credulous,  and  led  with  blinde  zeale,  blinde  obedience,  to  pro- 
secute and  maintain  whatsoever  their  sottish  leaders  shall  pro- 

*  Austin.  I'  Ciirtius  lib.  8.  «  Lampriflius  vita  ejus.     Virgines  vestales, 

et  sacnim  ignem  Roraae  exstinxit,  et  omnes  ubique  per  orbem  terra;  religiones,  ununi 
hoc  stndens  ut  solns  Deus  coleretur.  , 


540  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  .Sec.  4. 

pose  :  what  they  in  pride  and  sing-ularity,  revenge,  vain  glory, 
ambition,  spleen,  for  game,  shall  raslily  maintain  and  broach, 
their  disciples  make  a  inatter  of  conscience,  of  hell  and  damna- 
tion, if  they  doe  it  not:  and  will  rather  forsake  v.ives,  children, 
honse  and  home,  lands,  goods,  fortunes,  life  it  self,  then  omit 
or  abjnre  the  least  tittle  of  it;  and  to  advance  the  common 
cause,  underg-o  any  miseries,  turn  tray  tors,  assassinates,  pseudo- 
martyrs,  with  full  assurance  and  hope  of  reward  in  that  other 
world,  that  they  shall  certainly  merit  by  \i,  win  heaven,  be 
canonized  for  saints. 

Now  when  they  are  tndy  possessed  with  blinde  zeale,  and 
nusled  with  superstition,  he  hath  many  other  baits  to  inveao-Ie 
and  infatuate  tliem  farther  yet  ;  to  make  them  quite  mortified 
and  mad  ;  and  that  untler  colour  of  perfection  to  merit  by 
penance,  going-  woilward,  whipping-,  almes,  fasting,  &c.  An. 
1.320.  there  was  a  sect  of  ''whippers  in  G^ermany^that  to  the 
astonishment  of  the  beholders,  lashed,  and  cruelly  tortured 
themselves.  I  could  give  many  other  instances  of  each  par- 
ticular. But  these  works  so  done  are  meritorious,  ex  opere 
operate,  r-.v  condif/}}o,  for  themselves  and  others,  to  make  them 
macerate  and  consume  their  bodies,  specie  virtuti^-  et  nmhrd^ 
those  evarigelicall  counsells  are  propounded,  as  our  pseudoca- 
tholickes  call  them  ;  canonical  I  obedience,  wilful  I  poverty, 
''  vowes  of  chastity,  monkery,  and  a  solitary  life,  which  extend 
almost  to  all  religions  and  superstitions,  to  Turks,  Chinese, 
Gentiles,  Abyssines,  Greeks,  Latines,  and  all  countries. 
Amongst  the  rest,  fasting,  contemplation,  solitariness,  are,  as  it 
were,  certain  rams  by  which  thedivel  doth  batterandwork  upon 
the  strongest  constitutions.  Nonnnlli  (saith  Peter  Forestus)  ob 
lonr/as  inedias,  studia  et  ineditationes  coelesies,  de  rebus  sacris 
et  relifjione  semper  mjitunt  ;  by  fasting  over  much,  and  divine 
meditations,  are  overcome.  Not  that  fasting-  is  a  thing  of  it 
selfeto  be  discomniended ;  for  it  is  an  excellent  meanes  to  keep 
thebody  insub)ection,  a  preparative  to  devotion,  the  physick  of 
the  soule,  by  which  chastethoughts  are  ingendred,  true  zeale, 
a  divine  spirit,  whence  Avholesome  counsells  do  proceed,  concu- 
piscence is  restrained,  vicious  and  predominant  lusts  and  hu-  , 
mours  are  expelled.  The  fathers  are  very  much  in  commenda- 
tion of  it,  and  as  Calvin  notes,  sometimes  immoderate.  •=  The 
■mcther  of  health,  keij  of  heaven^  a  spiritual  winrj  to  ereare  us, 
the  chariot  of  the  hoh/  Ghost,  banner  of  faith,  Sfc.  And  'tis  true 
they  say  ofit,  if  it  be  moderately  and  seasonably  used,  by  such 


»  Flagcllatornm  secta.  Monster,  lib.  .3.  Cosmog.  cap.  19.  '•Votum  coelibatu.s 

monachatus.  ^Blater  sanitalis,  clavis  roelorura,  ala  animae  qace  leves  penuas 

producat,  ut  in  sublime  ferat ;  ciirrus  Spiritiis  sancti,  vexilliiin   fidei,  porta  paradisi, 
vita  angeloruni,  &c. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.         511 

parties  as  Moses,  Elias,  Daniel,  CHRIST,  and  as  his  ''apostles 
made  use  of  it:  but  when  by  this  meanes'they  will  supererog-ate, 
and  as  ^  Erasmus  well  taxeth,  caelum  no7i  snfficere  putant  suis 
meritis, heaven  is  too  small  a  reward  for  it;  they  make  choyce 
of  times  and  meats,  buy  and  sell  their  merits,  attribute  more  to 
them  then  to  the  ten  commandmets;  and  count  it  a  greater 
sin  to  eat  meat  in  Lent^  then  to  kill  a  man  ;  and  as  one  saith, 
Plusrespiciunt assum piscem,  quam  Christum  crucijixum  ;  plus 
salmonem  quam  Salomonem  ;  quibus  in  ore  Christus,  Epicurus 
in  corde,  when  some  counterfeit,  and  some  attribute  more  to 
such  M  orkes  of  theirs  then  to  Christs  death  and  passion  ;  the 
divelsetsin  a  foot,  strangely  deludes  them,  and  by  that  meanes 
makes  them  to  overthrow  the  temperature  of  their  bodies,  and 
hazard  their  soules.  Never  any  strange  illusions  of  divels 
amongst  hermites,  anchorites,  never  any  visions,  phantasmes, 
apparitions,enthusiasmes,prophets,  any  revelations,  but  immo- 
derate fasting-,  bad  diet,  sickness,  melancholy,  solitariness,  or 
some  such  things,  were  the  precedent  causes,  the  forerunners, 
or  concomitants  of  them.  The  best  opportunity  and  sole  occa- 
sion the  divel  takes  to  delude  them.  Marcilius  Cognatus,  lib.  1. 
cotit.  cap.  7.  hath  many  stories  to  this  purpose,  of  such  as  after 
long  fasting  have  been  seduced  by  divels:  and  '^^tis  a  miracu- 
lous thing  to  relate  (as  Cardan  writes)  what  strange  accidents 
proceed  J'rom  fasting  ;  dreames,  superstition,  contempt  of  tor- 
ments, desire  of  death,  prophesies,  paradoxes,  madness  ;  fasting 
naturally  prepares  men  to  these  things.  Monkes,  anchorites, 
and  the  like,  after  much  emptiness,  become  melancholy,  verti- 
ginous; they  think  they  hear  strange  noises,  confer  with  hob- 
goblins, divels,  rivell  up  their  bodies,  et  dum  hostem  insequi- 
mur,  saith  Gregory,  civem  quem  diligimns  trucidamus,  they 
become  bare  skeletons,  skin  and  bones :  carnibus  ahstinentes 
proprias  carnes  devorant,  ut  nil prwter  cutem  et  ossa  sit  reli- 
quum.  Hilarioc,  as  *^  Hierome  reports  in  his  life,  Athanasius 
of  Antonius,  was  so  bare  with  fasting,  that  his  skin  did  scarse 
stick  to  the  bones ;  for  want  of  vapours  he  could  not  sleepe, 
and  for  want  of  sleepe,  became  idle  headed,  heard  every  night 
infants  crye,  oxen  loice,  wolces  howl,  lions  roare  (as  he  thought) 
clattering  of  chaines,  strange  voyces,  and  the  like  illusions  of 
divels.  Such  symptomes  are  common  to  those  that  fast  long-, 
are  solitary,  given  to  contemplation,  over  much  solitariness  and 


a  Castigo  corpus  meum.  Paul.  b  Mor.  encom.  «  Lib.  8.  cap.  10.  renim 

varietate.  Admiratione  digna  sunt  quae  per  jejunium  hoc  modo  contingunt :  sorania, 
snperstit'io,  contemptns  tortnentorum,  mortis  desiderinm,  obstiuata  opinio,  insania  :  je- 
jnniiim  naturaliter  prteparat  ad  liasc  omaJa.  '^Epist.  1.  3.  Ita  atteiuiatus  fuit  jejnnio 

et  vigiiiis,  in  tantoin  exeso  corpore  utossibus  vix  hssrebat,  unde  nocte  infantum  vagitus, 
balatus  pecornra,  raugitus  boun),  voces  et  Indibra  dsenionani,  &c. 


512  Rel'ujious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

meditation.  Not  that  these  thing's  (as  I  said  of  fastins,)  are  to  be 
disroinnion(ledofthemselves,hiit  very  behovefuU,  in  some  cases 
and  yood:  sobriety  and  contemplation  joyn  oursoules  to  Cod, 
as  that  heathen  *Porphyrie  can  tell  us.  ^  E.rtasis  is  a  taste  of 
J'ntiire  happiness,  bif  n-hicli  we  are  united  unto  God;  a  divine 
melanchohf,  a  spiritual  winr/,  Bonaventure  ternies  it,  to  lift  us 
up  to  heaven:  but  as  it  is  abused,  a  meer  dotajje,  madness,  a 
cause  and  symptome  of  refir/ious  melancholi/.  ^  If' you  shall  at 
any  time  see  (saith  Guatinerius)  a  relir/ions  person  over  super- 
stitious, too  solitary  or  much  yiven  tofastiny,  that  man  trill 
certainly  he'melancholy  ;  thou  maist  boldly  say  it,  he  will  he  so. 
P.  Forestus  hath  almost  the  same  words,  and  ^  Cardan  subtil, 
lib.  IS.  et  cap.  40.  lib.  8.  de  rerumvarietate ;  solitariness,  fast- 
iny,  and  that  melancholy  humour,  are  the  causes  of  all  hermites 
illusions.  Lavater,  de  sped.  part.  1.  cap.  10.  and\9.  puts 
solitariness  a  main  cause  of  such  spectrums  and  apparitions  ; 
none,  saith  he,  so  melancholy  as  monkes  and  hermites,  the 
divels  bath  melancholy  ;  *  none  so  subject  to  visions  and  dotage 
in  this  kinde,  as  such  as  live  solitary  lives ;  they  hear  and  act 
stranye  ihinys  in  their  dot  aye.  'Polydore  Virgfil  lib.  2.  depro- 
diqiis,  l)olds,  that  those  prophesies  and  monkes  revelations, 
nunnes  dreams,  which  they  suppose  come  from  God,  do  proceed 
wholly  ab  instinctu  daemonum,  by  the  divels  meaJies:  and  so 
those  enthusiasts,  anabaptists,  pseudo-prophets  from  the  same 
cause,  spracastorius  lib.  ^2.  de  intellect.  w\]\  have  all  your 
Pythonissa3,  Sibyls,  and  pseudo-prophets  to  be  meer  melan- 
choly :  so  doth  Wierus  prove,  lib.  I.  cap.S.  et  I.  3.  cap.  7.  and 
Arculanus  in  9.  Rhasis,t\mt  melancholy  is  a  sole  cause,  and  the 
divel  tooether,  with  fasting- and  solitariness,  of  such  Sibylline 
prophesies,  if  there  were  eversuch;  which  with  ''Causabon  and 
others  I  justly  except  at;  for  it  is  not  likely  that  the  spirit  of 
Cod  should  ever  reveal  such  manifest  revelations  and  predic- 
tions of  Christ,  to  those  Pythonissa?,  M'itches,  Apollos  priests, 
the  divels  ministers,  (they  were  no  better)  and  conceal  them 
from  his  own  prophets.  For  these  Sibyls  set  down  all  particular 


»  Lib.  de  abstiticntiii.  Sobrietas  et  continentianipntem  Deo  coujnnpunt.  ''Ex- 

tatis  nihil  est  aliiid  quain  gustus  futiirje  beatitudinis,  in  qua  toti  absorbemur  in  Deiim. 
Erasnins  episL  ad  Dorpiiim.  c  Si  relipiosum  nirais  jejunia  videris  nbser\  aniciii, 

audacter  melanrholicum  proniinciabis.     Tract  5.  cap.  5.  ■'  Solitude  ipsa, 

mens  sfp-a  laboribus  aiixiis  et  jcjuniis,  turn  teniperatura  cibis  mnfata  ap;restibus,  et 
humor  nielancholicus,  heremitis  illusionuni  causii'  sunt.  «•  Solitudo  est  raiisa  ap- 

paritionum  ;  nulii  visionibus  et  huic  delirio  niagis  obnoxii  sunt  quani  qui  collegiis  et 
eremo  soli  vivunt  monachi  ;  tales  plenimque  melancholici  ob  \ictuni,  et  solitudinern. 
'Monaclii  sese  putant  prophetare  ex  Deo,  et  qui  sulitariam  agunt  vitam,  quuni  sit  in- 
stinctu diemonum  ;  et  sic  f;i'luntur  fntidica;  ;  a  malo  genio  liabent,  qua"  putant  a  Deo, 
et  sic  enthusiastae.  g  Sibylla;,  Pytliii,  et  prophetic  qui  divinare  solent,  omnes  pha- 

natici  sunt  melancholici.  iiEvcrcit.  c.  1. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  2.]     Causes  of' Religions  Melancholy.         513 

circumstances  of  Christs  coming-,  and  many  other  future  acci- 
dents, far  more  perspicuous  and  plain  then  ever  any  prophet 
did.     But  howsoever  there  be  no  Phaebades,  or  Sibyls,  I  am 
assured,  there   be  other  enthusiasts,  prophets,  Dii  Fatidici, 
ilifa^?,  (of  which  read  Jo.  Boissardus,  who  hath  laboriously  col- 
lected them  into  a  great  ^volume  of  late,  with  elegant  pictures, 
and  epitomized  their  lives)  &c.  ever  have  been  in  all  ages,  and 
still  proceeding  from  those  causes,  ^qui  visiones  suas  enarrant^ 
somniant  futura,  prophetisant,  et  ejusmodi  deliriis  ar/itati, 
Spiritum  Sanctum  sibi  communicari  putant.     That  which  is 
written  of  Saint  Francis  five  wounds,  and  other  such  monas- 
ticall  effects,  of  him  and  others,  may  justly  be  referred  to  this 
our  melancholy,     And  that  which  Matthew  Paris  relates  of  the 
•^monke  of  Evesham,  who  saw  heaven  and  hell  in  a  vision  : 
of  "^  Sir  Owen,  that  went  down  into  Saint  Patrickes  purgatory 
in  king  Stephens  dayes,  and  saw  as  much  :  Walsingham  of 
him  that  was.  shewed  as  much  by  Saint  Julian.      Beda  lib.  b. 
cap.  13.  14.  15  et  20.  reports  of  king  Sebba,   lib.  4.  cap.  11. 
eccles.  hist,  that  saw  strange  ^visions:  and  Stumphius  Helvet. 
Cornic.  a  cobler  of  Basil,  1520,  that  beheld  rare  apparitions 
at  Ausborough  Hn  Germany.     Alexander  ab  Alexandro,  gen. 
dier.  lib.  6.  cap.  21.  of  an  enthusiasticall  prisoner,  (all  out  as 
probable  as  that  of  Eris  Armenius,  in  Platos  tenth  dialogue  de 
Repub.  that  revived  again  ten  dayes  after  he  was  killed  in  a 
battell,  and  told  strange  wonders,  like  those  tales  Ulysses  re- 
lated to  Alcinoiis,  in  Homer;  or  Lucians  vera  historia  it  self) 
was  still  after  much  solitariness,   fasting  or  long  sickness, 
when  their  brains  were  addle,  and  their  bellies  as  empty  of  meat 
as  their  heads  of  wit.     Florilegus  hath  many  such  examples, 
fol.  191.  one  of  Saint  Gutlake  of  Crowalde  that  fought  with 
divels,  but  still  after  long  fasting,  overmuch  solitariness,  ^the 
divel  perswaded  him  therefore  to  fast,  as  Moses  and  Elias  did, 
the  better  to  delude  him.     ''In  the  same  authour  is  recorded 
Carolus  Magnus  vision  an.   185.  or  extasis,  wherein  he  saw 
heaven  and  hell  after  much  fasting  and  meditation.     So  did 
the  divel  of  old  with  Apollos  priests.     Amphiaraus  and  his 
fellowes,  those  /Egyptians,  still  enjoyn  long  fasting  before  he 
would  give  any  oracles,  triduum  a  cibo  et  vino  abstinerentj 


a  De  divinatione  et  magicis  prffistigiis.  "     bloiem.  c  Post  15  dierum 

preces  etjejiiaia,  mirabiles  videbat  visiones.    ,  ^  Fol.  84.  vita  Stephani  et  fol.  177. 

Post  trium  mensium  inediani  et  langnorem  per  9  dies  nihil  comedens  aut  bibens. 
e  After  contemplation  in  an  extasis  ;  so  Hierome  was  whipped  for  reading-  Tully  ;  see 
millions  of  examples  in  our  Annals.  f  Bede,  Gregory,  Jacobus  de  Voragine, 

Lippomanus,  Hieronymiis,  John  Major  de  vitis  Patrara,  &c.  ?  Fol.  199.  Post 

abstinentiaj  curas  miras  illusiones  dajmonum  audivit.  ^  Fol.  255.  Post  seriarn 

meditationem  in  vigiliis  diei  domjnicae  visionem  habuit  de  purgatorio. 

VOL.    ir.  L  L 


514  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

"before  they  gave  any  answers;  as  Volateran  lib.  13.  cap.  4. 
records,  and  Strabo  Geog  lib.  14.  describes  Charons  den,  in 
the  way  betwixt  Tralles  and  Nisum,  whither  the  priests  led 
sicke  and  fanaticke  men  :  but  nothing  performed  without  long 
fasting,  no  good  to  be  done.  That  scoffing  *>  Lucian  conducts 
his  Menippus  to  hell,  by  the  directions  of  that  Chaldaean  Mi- 
trobarzanes,  but  after  long  fasting,  and  such  like  idle  prepara- 
tion. Which  the  Jesuits  right  well  perceiving  of  what  force 
this  fasting  and  solitary  meditation  is,  to  alter  mens  mindes, 
when  they  would  make  a  man  mad,  ravish  him,  improve  him 
beyond  himself,  to  undertake  some  great  business  of  moment, 
to  kill  a  king,  or  the  like,  '^they  bring  him  into  a  melancholy 
dark  chamber,  where  he  shall  see  no  light  for  many  dayes  to- 
gether, no  company,  little  meat,  ghastly  pictures  of  divels  all 
about  him,  and  leave  him  to  iye  as  he  will  himself,  on  the  bare 
floor  in  this  chamber  of  meditation,  as  they  call  it,  on  his 
back,  side,  belly,  till  by  his  strange  usage  they  make  him  quite 
mad  and  beside  himself.  And  then  after  some  ten  dayes,  as 
they  find  him  animated  and  resolved,  they  make  use  of  him. 
The  divel  hath  many  such  factours,  many  such  engins,  which, 
what  effect  they  produce,  you  shall  hear  in  these  following 
symptomes. 


SUBSECT.  III. 

Symptomes  generall.  Love  to  their  own  sect;  hate  of  all  other 
religions  ;  obstinacie ;  peevishness  ;  ready  to  undergo  any 
danger  or  crossejbr  it.  Martyrs :  hlinde  zeale,  blind  obe- 
dience, Jasting ,  voices,  belief oJ'hicredibilities,impossibiHties : 
Particular  of  Gentiles,  Mahometans,  Jewes,  Christians ;  and 
in  them,  heretiqnes  old  and  new,  schismaticks,  schoolmen, 
prophets,  enthusiasts,  ^-c. 

JFleat  Heraclitus,  an  rideat  Democritns  ?  in  attempting 
to  speak  of  Aese  symptomes,  shall  I  laugh  with  Democritus, 
or  weep  with  Heraclitus  ?  they  are  so  ridiculous  and  absurd  on 
the  one  side,  so  lamentable  and  tragicall  on  the  other;  a 
mixt  scene  offers  it  self,  so  full  of  errours,  and  a  promiscuous 
variety  of  objects,  that  I  know  not  in  >vhatstraine  to  represent 
it.  When  1  think  of  that  Turkish  paradise,  those  Jewish 
fables,  and  pontifical  rites ;  those  pagan  superstitions,  their 

»Ubi  mnltos  dies  manent  jejuni,  consilio  sacerdotum,  anxilia  invocantes.  •'  In 

Necromant.  Etcibasquidetn  ^landes  erant.potiis  aqua,  Icctas  sub  dio,&c.  'John 

Everardofl  Britanuo-Ronianus  lib.  edit.  IGll.  describes  all  the  manner  of  it. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]      Causes  of  Religious  Melancholy.         515 

sacrifices,  and  ceremonies,  as  to  make  images  of  all  matter, 
and  adore  them  when  they  have  done;  to  see  them  kiss  the  pyx, 
creep  to  the  crosse,  &c.  I  cannot  choose  but  laugh  with  De- 
mocritus.  But,  when  I  see  them  Avbip  and  torture  themselves, 
grind  their  soules  for  toyes  and  trifles,  desperate,  and  now 
ready  to  dye,  I  cannot  choose  but  weep  with  Heraclitus.  When 
I  see  a  priest  say  masse,  with  all  those  apish  gestures,  mur- 
murings,  &c.  read  the  customesof  the  Jewes  synagogue,  or  Ma- 
hometan meskites,  I  must  needs  "laugh  at  their  folly,  risum 
teneatis,  amici  ?  but  when  I  see  them  make  matters  of  con- 
science of  such  toyes  and  trifles,  to  adore  the  divel,to  endanger 
their  soules,  to  offer  their  children  to  their  idols,  &c.  I  must 
needs  condole  theirmisery.  When  I  see  two  superstitious  orders 
contend  ytro  aris  et  Jocis,  which  such  have  and  hold,  de  land 
caprind,  some  write  such  great  volumes  to  no  purpose,  take 
so  much  pains  to  so  small  effect,  their  satyres,  invectives, 
apologies,  dul  and  grosse  fictions ;  when  I  see  grave  learned 
men  rail  and  scold  like  butter-women,  methinks  'tis  pretty 
sport,  and  fit  ^for  Calphurnius  and  Democritus  to  laugh  at. 
But  when  I  see  so  much  blood  spilt,  so  many  murders  and 
massacres,  so  many  cruel  battels  fought,  &c.  'tis  a  fitter  subject 
for  Heraclitus  to  lament.  *=  As  Merlin  when  he  sate  by  the  lake 
side  with  Vortiger,  and  had  seen  the  red  and  white  dragon  fight, 
before  he  began  to  interpret  or  to  speak,  injletmn  proritpit,  fell 
a  weeping,  and  then  proceeded  to  declare  to  the  king  what 
it  meant— I  should  first  pitty  and  bewaile  this  misery  of 
humane  kinde  with  some  passionate  preface,  wishing  mine 
eys  a  fountain  of  tears,  as  Jeremy  did,  and  then  to  my 
task.  For  it  is  that  great  torture,  that  infernall  plague  of 
mortal  men,  onmiumpestinm  pestilentissimasnperstitio,  and  able 
of  it  self  alone  to  stand  in  opposition  to  all  other  plagues, 
miseries,  and  calamities  w  hatsoever  ;  far  more  cruell,  more 
pestiferous,  more  grievous,  more  generall,  more  violent,  of  a 
greater  extent.  Odier  feares  and  sorrows,  grievances  of  body 
and  minde  are  troublesome  for  the  time;  but  this  is  for  ever, 
eternal  damnation,  hell  it  self,  a  plague,  afire.  An  inundation 
hurts  one  province  alone,  and  the  loss  may  be  recovered;  but 
this  superstition  involves  all  the  world  almost,  and  can  never 
be  remedied.  Sickness  and  sorrows  come  and  go,  but  asuper- 
stitious  soule  hath  no  rest  :  '^  super stitione  imbiitns  animus 
nunquam  quietus  esse  potest,  no  peace,  no  quietness.  True 
religion  and  superstition  are  quite  opposite,  longe  diversa  car- 
nijicina  et  pietas,  as  Lactantius  describes,  the  one  creates, 
the  other  dejects;  illorum  pietas,  mera  impietas ;  the  one 

a  Varius  mappa  componere  risum  vix  poterit.  ''  Pleno  ridet  Calphurnius  ore. 

Hor.  fAlanus  de  Insulis.  ''Cicero  1.  de  finibus. 

L  l2 


51(1  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

is  an  casic  yoak,  the  other  an  intolerable  burden,  an  absolute 
tyranny;   the  one  a  sure  anchor,  an  haven;  the  other  a  tem- 
pestuous ocean  ;  the  one  makes,  the  other  marrs ;  the  one  is 
wisflome,  the  otlier  is  folly,  madness,  indiscretion ;  the  one 
unt'ained,  the  other  a  counterfeit ;  the  one  a  dili<vent  observer, 
the  other  an  ape;  one  leades  to  heaven,  the  other  to  hell.    But 
these  differences  will  more  evidently  appear  by  these  particular 
symptomes.     What  religion  is,  and  of  what  parts  it  doth  con- 
sist, every  catechism  will  tell  you,  what  symptomes  it  hath, 
and  what  effect  it  produceth.     ikit  for  their  superstitions,  no 
tongue  can  tell  them,  no  pen  express,  they  arc  so  many,  so 
diverse,  so  uncertaine,  so  unconstant,  and  so  different  from 
themselves.      Tot  mundo  superstitiones,  qnot  ccelo  stellfp,  one 
saith,  there  be  as  many  superstitions  in  the  world,  as  there  be 
stars  in  heaven,  or  divels  themselves  that  are  the  first  founders 
of  them;  with  such  ridiculous,  absurd  symptomes  and  signes, 
so  many  severall  rites,  ceremonies,  torments  and  vexations  ac- 
companying, as  may  well  expresse  and  beseem  the  divel  to  be 
the  authour  and  maintainer  of  them.     1  will  only  point  at  some 
of  them,  ex  wifjue  leoiiem  guesse  at  the  rest,  and  those  of 
the  chief  kindes  of  superstition,  which  besides  us  Christians 
now  domineer  and  crucifie  the  world,  Gentiles,  Mahometans, 
Jewes,  &c. 

Of  these  symptomes  some  be  generall,  some  particular  to 
each  private  sect.     Generall  to  all,  are,  an  extraordinary  love  ' 
and  affection  they  bear  and  shew  to  such  as  are  of  their  own 
secte,  and  more  then  Vatinian  hate  to  such  as  are  opposite  in 
religion,  as  they  call  it ;  or  disagree  from  them  in  their  super- 
stitious rites,  blinde  zeale,  (which  is  as  mucli  a  symptomeas  a 
cause,)  vain  feares,  blind  obedience,  needless  works,  incredi- 
bilities, impossibilities,  monstrous  rites  and  ceremonies,  wilful- 
ness, blindness,  obstinacy,  &c.     For  the  first,  which  is  love 
and  hate,  as  ''Montanus  saith,  7ml/a  firm'wr  amicitia  (piam 
qu(B  contrahiUir  hinc  ;  nulla  discordia  major,  (/nam  qj/a:  a  reli- 
ffione  fit ;  wo  greater   concord,   no  greater  discord  then  that 
which  proceeds  from  religion.    It  is  incredible  to  relate,  did  not 
our  dayly  experience  evince  it,  what  factions,  qnam  ieterrima; 
JactioneSy   (as  ''Rich.   Dinolh   writes)  have  been  of  late,  for 
matters  of  religion  in  France,  and  what  burly  burlies  all  over 
Europe,  for  these  many  years.     JYi/iil  est  quod  tam  impotenter 
rapiat  liomines,  quam  susccpta  de  salute  opinio ;  siquidem  pro 
ea  omnes  rjentcs  corpora  et  animas  devovere  solent,  et  arctissimo 
necessitudinis  vinculo  se  iiivicem  collicfare.   We  are  all  brethren 
in  Christ,  servants  of  one  Lord,   members  of  one  body,  and 
therefore  are  or  should  be  at  least  dearly  beloved,  inseparably 

»In  Micah  comment,  ''  Gall.  hist.  lib.  1.  , 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.   517 

allied  in  tbe  greatest  bond  of  love  and  familiarity,  united  par- 
takers not  only  of  the  same  crosse,  but  coadjutors,  comforters, 
helpers,  at  all  times,  upon  all  occasions  :   as  they  did  in  the 

f)rimitive  church,  jJcts  the  5.  they  sold  their  patrimonies,  and 
aid  them  at  the  apostles  feet,  and  mafjy  such  memorable  ex- 
amples of  mutual  love  we  have  had  under  the  ten  general  per- 
secutions, many  since.  Examples  on  the  other  side  of  discord 
none  like,  as  our  Saviour  saith,  he  came  therefore  into  the 
world  to  set  father  against  son,  &c.  In  imitation  of  whom  the 
divel, belike  Qiam  ""snperstitio  irrepsit  verce  reHfjionis imitatrix, 
superstition  is  still  religions  ape,  as  in  all  other  things,  so  in 
this)  doth  so  combine  and  glew  together  his  superstitious  follow- 
ers in  love  and  affection,  that  they  will  live  and  dye  together: 
and  what  innate  hatred  hath  he  still  inspired  to  any  other 
superstition  opposite !  How  those  old  Komans  were  atfected, 
those  ten  persecutions  may  be  a  witness,  and  that  cruel  execu- 
tioner in  Eusebius,  ant  lita  aut  morere,  sacrifice  or  dye.  No 
greater  hate,  more  continuate,  bitterfaction,  wars,  persecution 
in  all  ages,  then  for  matters  of  religion;  no  such  ferall  opposi- 
tion, father  against  son,  mother  against  daughter,  husband 
against  wife,  city  against  city,  kingdome  against  kingdome:  as 
of  old  at  Tentira  and  Combos  : 

^  Immortale  odium,  et  nunquam  sanabile  vulnus, 
Inde  furor  vulgo,  quod  numina  vicinorum 
Odit  uterque  locus,  quum  solos  credit  habendos 
Esse  Decs  quos  ipse  colat. 

Immortal  hate  it  breeds,  a  wound  past  cure, 
And  fury  to  the  commons  still  to  endure  ; 
Because  one  city  t'others  gods  as  vain 
Deride,  and  his  alone  as  good,  maintain. 

The  Turkes  at  this  day,  count  no  better  of  us  then  of  dogs;  so 
they  commonly  call  us  yaures,  infidels,  miscreants,  make  that 
their  main  quarrel  and  cause  of  Christian  persecution.  If  he 
will  turn  Turke,  he  shall  be  entertained  as  a  brother,  and  had  in 
good  esteem,  a  Muselman  or  a  beleever,  which  is  a  greater  tye 
to  them  then  any  affinity  or  consanguinity.  The  Jewes  stick 
together  like  so  many  burrs,  but  as  for  the  rest  whom  they  call 
Gentiles,  they  do  hate  and  abhor,  they  cannot  endure  their 
Messias  siiould  be  a  common  Saviour  tons  all,  and  rather,  as 
*  Luther  writes,  then  they  that  now  scoffe  at  them,  curse  them, 
persecute  and  revile  them,  shall  be  coheires  and  brethren  icitli 


a  Lactantius.  ^  Jav.  Sat  15.  <:  Comment,  in  Micah.  Ferre  non  possunt  ut 

illorum  Messias  commuuis  servator  sit,  nostrum  gaudium,  &c.  Messias  vel  decern  de- 
cies  cnicifixuri  essent,  ipsumque  Deiim,  si  id  fieri  posset,  una  cum  angelis  et  creataris 
omnibus,  uec  absterrentur  ab  hoc  facto,  etsi  mille  inferna  subeunda  forent. 


518  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

them,  or  have  any  part  or  fellowship  tcith  their  Mes.sias,  theij 
xeonid  eruci/le  their  Messiah  ten  times  over,  and  God  hitnse/j', 
his  anyels,  and  all  his  creatures,  if  it  were  possible,  thour/h 
they  endure  a  thousand  helsfor  it.  Sucli  is  their  malice  to- 
wards us.  Now  for  Papists,  what  in  a  common  cause  for  the 
advaucement  of  their  religion  they  will  endure,  our  traytors 
and  pseudocatholicks  will  declare  unto  us  ;  and  how  hitler  on 
the  other  side  to  their  adversaries,  how  violently  bent,  let  those 
Marian  times  record,  as  those  miserable  slaughters  at  Merin- 
dol  and  Cabriers,  the  Spanish  inquisition,  the  duke  of  Alvas 
tyranny  in  the  Low-countries,  the  French  massacres  and  civil 
wars. 

^  Tantuin  religio  potuit  suadere  malonim. 
Not  there  only,  but  all  over  Europe,  we  read  of  bloudy  battels, 
racks  and  wheels,  seditions,  factions,  oppositions, 
— — — ^  obvia  signis 

Signa,  pares  aquilas,  et  pila  minanlia  pilis, 

Invectives  and  contentions.  They  had  rather  shake  hands  with 
a  5ewe,  Turke,  or  as  the  Spaniards  do,  suffer  Moores  to  live 
amongst  them,  and  Jewes  then  Protestants ;  My  name,  (saith 
^  Luther)  is  more  odious  to  them  then  any  thief  or  murderer. 
So  it  IS  with  all  heretiques  or  schismaticks  whatsoever:  And 
none  so  passionate,  violent  in  their  tenants,  opinions,  obsti- 
nate, wilful,  refractory,  peevish,  factious,  singular  and  stifle  in 
defence  of  them ;  they  do  not  only  persecute  and  hate,  but  pitty 
all  other  religions,  account  them  damned,  blinde;  as  if  they 
alone  were  the  true  church,  they  are  the  true  heires,  have  the 
feesimple  of  heaven  by  a  peculiar  donation,  'tis  entailed  on 
them  and  their  posterities,  their  doctrine  sound,  per  funeni  au~ 
reum  de  ccelo  delapsa  doctrina;  they  alone  are  to  be  saved. 
The  Jewes  at  this  day  are  so  incomprehensibly  proud  and  churl- 
ish, saith  ''Luther,  that  soli  salvari,  soli  doniini  terrarnm  sa- 
lutari  volunt.  A nd,  as  " Buxtortius  adds,  so  iynorant  and  self- 
v:illed  withall,  that  amonyst  their  most  under stayidiny  rab- 
hines  you  shall  findenouyht  but  gross  dotage,  horrible  hardness 
of  heart,  and  stnpend  obstinacy,  in  all  their  actions,  opinions j 
conversations :  and  yet  so  zealous  withall,  that  no  man  living 
can  be  more,  and  vindicate  themselves  for  the  elect  people 
of  GOD.  'Tis  so  with  all  other  superstitious  sects,  Maho- 
metans, Gentiles  in  China,  and  Tartary;  our  ignorant  Papists, 


»Lncret.  b  Liican.  ^  Ad  (!alat.  comment.     Nomen  odiosiiis  meiim  qiiam 

nllus  homicida  aut  fur.  ''  In  romuunt.  Micah.  Adco  incomprihensibilis  et  aspera 

corura  snperbia,  he.  'Synaj^oj;.  Judaornm.  ca.  I.  Inter  eoriim  intellicentissimos 

Rabbinos  nil  pra:ter  ignorantiam  el  )Dsii)ienliam  grandem  inveuies,  horrendam  iDdura- 
tonem,  et  obstinationera,  ice. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.   519 

Anabaptists,  Separatists,  and  peculiar  churches  of  Amsterdam, 
they  alone,  and  none  but  they,  can  be  saved.  ^  Zealous  (as 
Paul  saith,  Rom.  10.  2.)  tcithont  hnmcledge,  they  will  endure 
any  misery,  any  trouble,  suffer  and  doe  that  which  the  sun 
beams  will  not  endure  to  see,  Religionis  acti  Fiiriis,  all  extre- 
mities, losses  and  dangers,  take  any  pains,  fast,  pray,  vow 
chastitity,  wilful  poverty,  forsake  all  and  follow  their  idols,  dye 
a  thousand  deaths,  as  some  Jevves  did  to  Pilatssouldiers,inlike 
case,  exsertos  prcshentes  jugulos,  et  manifeste  prce  sejerentes, 
(as  Josephus  hath  it)  chariorem  esse  vita  sibi  legis  patrice  ob- 
servationem  ;  rather  then  abjure,  or  deny  the  least  particle  of 
that  religion  which  their  fathers  profess,  and  they  themselves 
have  been  brought  up  in,  be  it  never  so  absurd,  ridiculous, 
they  will  embrace  it,  and  without  farther  inquiry  or  examina- 
tion of  the  truth,  though  it  be  prodigiously  false,  they  will  be- 
leeve  it :  they  will  take  much  more  pains  to  goe  to  hell,  then 
we  shall  doe  to  heaven.  Single  out  the  most  ignorant  of  them, 
convince  his  understanding,  shew  him  his  errours,  grossness, 
and  absurdities  of  his  secte,  nan  persuadebis  etiamsi  persua- 
seris,  he  will  not  be  persuaded.  As  those  pagans  told  the  Je- 
suites  in  Japona,  ''they  would  doe  as  their  fore-fathers  have 
done  ;  and  with  Ratholde  the  Frisian  prince,  goe  to  hell  for 
company,  if  most  of  their  friends  went  thither  :  they  will  not 
be  moved,  no  perswasion,  no  torture  can  stir  them.  So  that 
Papists  cannot  brag  of  their  vowes,  poverty,  obedience,  orders, 
merits,  martyrdomes, fasting,  almes,  good  works,  pilgrimages: 
much  and  more  then  all  this,  I  shall  shew  you,  is,  and  hath 
been  done  by  these  superstitious  Gentiles,  Pagans,  Idolaters 
and  Jewes:  their  blind  zeale  and  idolatrous  superstition  in  all 
kindes  is  much  at  one ;  little  or  no  difference,  and  it  is 
hard  to  say,  which  is  the  greatest,  which  is  the  grossest. 
For  if  a  man  shall  duly  consider  those  superstitious  rites 
amongst  the  Eth  nicks  in  Japan,  the  Bannians  in  Gu- 
sart,  the  Chinese  idolaters,  ■=  Americans  of  old,  (in  Mexico 
especially)  Mahometan  priests,  he  shall  find  the  same  go- 
vernment almost,  the  same  orders  and  ceremonies,  or  so  like, 
that  they  may  seem  all  apparently  to  be  derived  from  some 
heathen  spirit,  and  the  Roman  hierarchy  no  better  then  the 
rest.  In  a  word,  this  is  common  to  all  superstition,  there 
is  nothing  so  mad  and  absurd,  so  ridiculous,  impossible,  in- 
credible, which  they  will  not  beleeve,  observe,  and  diligently 
perform  as  much  as  in  them  lies;  nothing  so  monstrous  to  con- 
ceive, or  intolerable  to  put  in  practice,  so  cruel  to  suffer, 
which    they  will  not  willingly  undertake.      So  powerful  a 

a  Great  is  Diana  of  the  Epesians,  Acts  19.  t>  Maluut  cum  illis  iBsanire^  quaoi 

cum  aliis  bene  sentire.  '  Acosta.  1,  5. 


520  Religious  MelaneJwly.         [Part.  S.  Sec.  4. 

tiling  is  superstition.     *  O  /Egypt  (asTrismeg-istus  exclaims) 
thj  religion  is  fables,  and  such  as  posteritg  tcill  not  beleeve. 
1  know  that  in  true  relif^ion  it  self,  many  mysteries  are  so  ap- 
prehended alone  by  faith,  as  that  of  the  Trinity,  Mhich  Turkcs 
especially  deride;  Christs  incarnation,  resurrection  of  the  body 
at  the  last  day,  quodideo  credendinn  (sailh  Tertullian)  (juod  in- 
credihile,  ^-c.  many  miracles  not  to  be  controverted  or  disputed 
of.     Mirari  non  rimari  sapicntia  vera  est,  saith  ''Gerhardus; 
et  in  divinis  (as  a  good  father  informs  us)  qucedam  credenda, 
qncedam  admiranda,  Sec.  some  things  are  to  be  beleeved,  em- 
braced, followed   with  all  submission  and  obedience,  some 
again  admired.      Though  Julian  the  apostate  scoffe  at  Chris- 
tians in  tliis  point,  quod  captivemns  hitelleclum  in  ohsequium 
Jidei,  saying,  that  the  Christian  Creed  is  like  the  Pythagorean 
Ipse  dixit,  Me  make  our  will  and  understanding  too  slavishly 
subject  to  our  faith,  without  farther  examination  of  the  truth; 
yet  as  Saint  Gregory  truly  answers,  our  creed  is  altioris prce- 
stantice,  and  much  more  divine:  and  as  Thomas  will,  ;jie  con- 
sideranti  semper  suppetnnt  rationes,  ostendentes  credibilitatem 
in  mysteriis  sniper naturalibus,  we  do  absolutely  beleeve  it,  and 
upon  good  reasons;  for,  as  Gregory  well  informeth  ns  ;Jides 
non  habet  meritum,  vbi  humana  ratio  qncerit  experimentum  ; 
that  faith  hath  no  merit,  is  not  worth  the  name  of  faith,   that 
will  not  apprehend  without  a  certain  demonstration  :  Me  must 
and  M  ill  beleeve  Gods  words  ;  and  if  mo  be  mistaken  or  erre  in 
our  general  beliefe,  as  "  Richardus  de  sancto  Victore,  vowes  he 
M'ill  say  to  Christ  himself  at  the  day  of  judgement;  Lord,  if 
we  be  deceived,  tho7i  alone  hast  deceived  us :  thus  Me  plead. 
But  for  the  rest,  1  will  not  justifie  that  pontifical  consubstan- 
tiation,  that  which   ^Mahometans  and  Jcmcs  justly  except 
at,  as  Campanella  confesseth  :   Atheismi  triumphat.   cap.  12. 
fol.  125.    Difficillimum  dogma  e.^se,  nee  aliud  subjectum  magis 
hfereficorum  blasphemiis,  et  stnltis  irrisionibns  poUticorum  re- 
periri.     They  hold  it  impossible,  Deum  in  pane  raanducari  ; 
and  besides  they  scofte  at  it,  vide  gentem  coniedentem  Deum 
svum,  inquit  qnidam  Maurus.     "  Hunc  Deum  musew  et  vermes 
irrident,  quum  ipsum  pollnunt  et  devorant ;  subditus  est  igni, 
aquce,  et  latrones  Jnrantur  ;  pi.ridem  auream  humi  proster- 
nunt,  et  se  tamen  non  dejendit  hie  Deus.     Qui  fieri  potest,  nt 
sit  integer  in  singulis  hostia>  particulis,  idem  corpus  nnmero, 
tarn  multis  locis,   cwlo^  terra?   S^-c.     But   he  that  shall  read 
the  ^Turkes  Alcoran,  the  Jsmcs  Talmud,  and  Papists  Golden 

a  O  j^gypte,  religioniB  tuje  solan  strpersimt  fabolar ,  ea-qne  incretlibiles  posleris  tnis. 
bMeditat.  I'J.  Ae  roena  doinin.  <=  Lili.  1.  de  Trin.  rap.  2  Si  decrpti  siimiis,  &c. 

<i  Vide  Samsatis  Isphocanis  objec^onps  in  monachnm  Milesium.  <"  Lege  Hoffman. 

Miis  exenUratuB.  'As  true  as  Homers  Iliad,  Ovid's  Metamorphosis,  ^sop'« 

Fables. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.     521 

Legend,  in  the  mean  time  will  swear  that  such  oross  fictions, 
fables,  vain  traditions,  prodigious  paradoxes  and  ceremonies, 
could  never  proceed  from  any  other  spirit,  then  that  of  the 
divel  himselfe,  who  is  the  author  of  confusion  and  lies;  and 
M'onder  withall,  how  such  wise  men  as  have  been  of  the 
Jewes,  such  learned  understanding  men  as  Averroes,  Avi- 
cenna,  or  those  heathen  philosophers,  could  ever  be  per- 
swaded  to  beleeve,  or  to  subscribe  to  the  least  part  of  them  : 
ant  fraudem  nan  detegere:  but  that,  as  '^  Vanninus  answers, 
oh  publico;  jDOtestatis  formidhiem  allatrare  pkilosophi  non  an- 
dehant,  they  durst  not  speak  for  feare  of  the  lawe.  But  I  will 
descend  to  particulars :  read  their  severall  symptomes,  and 
then  guess. 

Of  such  symptomes  as  properly  belong  to  superstition,  or 
that  irreligiovis  religion,  1  may  say  as  of  the  rest,  some  are  ri- 
diculouSjSome  again  ferall  to  relate.  Of  those  ridiculous,  there 
can  be  no  testimony  then  the  multitude  of  their  gods,  those 
absurd  names,  actions,  offices  they  put  upon  them,  their  feasts, 
holy  dayes,  sacrifices,  adorations,  and  the  like.  The  ^Egyp- 
tians  that  pretended  so  great  antiquity,  300  kings  before 
Amasis  :  and  as  Mela  writes,  13000  yeers  from  the  beginning 
of  their  chronicles,  thatbrag'd  so  much  of  their  knowledge  of 
old,  for  they  invented  arithmetic^,  astronomy,  geometry  :  of 
their  wealth  and  power,  that  vaunted  of  20000  cities  :  yet  at  the 
same  time  their  idolatry  and  superstition  was  most  gross.  They 
worshipped,  as  Diodorus  Siculus  records,  sun  and  moone  under 
the  name  of  Isisand  Osyris ;  and  after,  such  men  as  were  bene- 
ficial to  them,  or  any  creature  that  did  them  good.  In  the 
city  of  Bubasti  they  adored  a  cat,  saith  Herodotus;  Ibis  and 
storks,  an  oxe  (saith  Pliny) ;  ^  leekes  and  onions,  Macrobius ; 
«Porrum  et  ceepe  Decs  imponere  nubibus  ausi, 

Hos  tu,  JJile,  Decs  colis. 

Scoffing  ^  Lucian,  in  his  vera  Historia^v/hich  as  he  confesseth 
himself,  was  not  perswasively  written  as  a  truth,  but  in  comical 
fashion  to  glaunce  at  the  monstruous  fictions,  and  gross  ab- 
surdities of  writers  and  nations,  to  deride,  without  doubt,  this 
prodigious  ^Egyptian  idolatry,  fains  this  story  of  himself;  that 
when  he  had  seen  the  Elisian  fields,  and  was  now  comming 
away,  Radamanthus  gave  him  a  mallow-root,  and  bade  him 
pray  to  that  when  he  was  in  any  peril  or  extremity ;  which  he 
did  accordingly;  for  when  he  came  to  Hydamordia  in  the 
island  of  treacherous  women,  he  made  his  prayers  to  his  root, 
and  was  instantly  delivered.     The  Syrians,  Chaldeans,  had  as 


3 Dial.  52.  de  oraculis.  ''O  sanctas  gentes  quihus  hsec  nascuntur  iu  horto  Nu- 

mina  !  Juven.  Sat.  15.  ^  Prudentiiis.  «>  Prsefat.  ver.  hist. 


522  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

manypropergodsoftheireownc  invention ;  see  the  said  Lucian 
de  Ded  Si/rin.  Morny  cap.  2-2.  de  veritat.  relig.  Guliel.  Stuc- 
kius  *  Sacrorum  Sacrijicinr unique  Gentil.  descript.  Peter 
Faber  Semester.  /.  3.  c.  I,  2,  3.  Selden  de  Diis  Sgris  ;  Pur- 
cbas  Pilgrimag-e  ;  ''Rosinus  of  the  Romans,  and  Lilius  Giral- 
dus  of  the  Greekes.  The  Romans  borrowed  from  all,  besides 
their  own  gods,  which  were  majorum  and  minorum  gentium; 
as  Varro  holds,  certain  and  uncertain;  some  coelestiall,  select 
and  great  ones;  others  Indigentes  and  Semi- Dei,Lares,Lemures, 
J)iosc7iri,  Soteres,  and  Parastatce,  Dii  tutelares  amongst  the 
Greekes:  gods  of  all  sorts,  for  all  functions ;  some  for  the  land, 
some  for  sea ;  some  for  heaven,  some  for  hell :  some  for  pas- 
sions, diseases,  some  for  birth,  some  for  weddings,  husbandry, 
woods,  waters,  gardens,  orchards,  &c.  All  actions,  and  of- 
fices, Pax,  Quies,  Salus,  Libertas,  Foelicitas,  Strenua,  Stimula, 
Horta,  Pan,  Sylvanus,  Priapus,  Flora,  Cloacina,  Stercutius, 
Febris,  Pallor,  Invidia,  Protervia,  Risus,  Angerona,  Volupia, 
Vacuna,  Viriplaca,  Veneranda, Pales,  Neptunia,  Doris,  Kings, 
emperours,  valiant  men  that  had  done  any  good  offices  for 
them,  they  did  likewise  canonize  and  adore  for  gods  ;  and  it 
was  usually  done,  usitatum  apud  antiquos,  as  '^Jo.  Boissardus 
well  observes,  deijicare  homines  qui  henejiciis  mortales  juva^ 
rent^  and  the  divel  was  still  ready  to  second  their  intents, 
statim  se  ingessit  illorum  sepulchris,  statuis,  templis,  rms,  ^-c. 
he  crept  into  their  temples,  statues,  tombes,  altars,  and  was 
ready  to  give  oracles,  cure  diseases,  doe  miracles,  &c.  as  by 
Jupiter,  iEsculapius,  Tiresias,  Apollo,  Mopsus,  Amphiarus, 
&c.  Dii  et  Semi-Dei.  For  as  they  were  Semi- Dei,  demi- 
gods, some  medii  inter  Decs  et  homines,  as  Max.  ''  Tyrius, 
the  Platonist,  ser.  26.  et  27.  maintains  and  justifies  in  many 
words.  When  a  good  man  dyes,  his  body  is  buried,  but  his 
soule  ex  homine  djemon  evadit,  becomesj'orthtvith  a  demi-god, 
nothing  disparaged  tcith  malignity  of'  ayr,  or  variety  of 
formes :  rejoyceth,  exults  and  sees  that  perfect  beautye  with 
his  eys.  Now  being  deified,  in  commiseration  he  helpes  his 
poor  friends  here  on  earth,  his  kindred  and  allies^  informs^ 
succours,  ^c.  punisheth  those  that  are  bad,  and  do  amiss, 
as  a.  good  genius  to  protect  and  govern  mortal  men  ap- 
pointed by  the  gods;  so  they  will  have  it;  ordaining  some 
for  provinces,  some  for  private  men,  some  for  one  qfficey 
some  for  another .    Hector  and  Achilles  assist  souldiers  to  this 

"Tignri  fol.  1494.  ''Rosin,  antiq.  Rom.  1.  2.  c.  1.  et  deinceps.  *^^''?' 

de  dev-inatione  ft  niagicis  praistigiis  in  Mopso.  ^  Cohhio  Paccio  interpret     Nihil 

ab  aeria  caligine  aut  fignrariim  varietate  iinpeditns  nieram  pulchritudinem  njeruit,  ex- 
ultan.s  et  misericordia  motns,  cognatos  araicos  <|iii  adhuc  morantiir  in  terra  tiietur,  er- 
rantibns  succiirrit,  &c.  Dens  hoc  jussit  ot  essent  gcuii,  Dii  tutelares  hoiiiinibus,  boDos 
juvantes,  males  puuientes,  &c. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.   523 

day  ;  iEsculapins  all  sick  men,  the  Dioscuri  seafaring  men, 
&c.  and  sometimes  upon  occasion,  they  shew  themselves.  The 
Dioscuri,  Hercules  and  iEsculapius,  he  saw  himself  (or  the 
divel  in  his  likenesse)  non  somuians  sed  vigilans  ipse  vidi: 
So  far  Tyrius.  And  not  good  men  only  do  they  thus  adore, 
but  tyrants,  monsters,  divels  (as  =*  Stuckius  inveighs)  Neros, 
Domitians,  Heliogables,  beastly  women,  and  arrant  whores 
amongst  the  rest.  For  all  intents,  places,  creatures,  they  as- 
sign gods ; 

Et  domibus,  tectis,  thermis,  et  equis   soleatis 

Assignare  sclent  genios 

saith  Prudentius.  Cuna  for  cradles ;  Diverra  for  sweeping 
houses;  Nodina  knots;  Prema,  Premunda,  Hymen,  Hyme- 
neus,  for  weddings  ;  Comus  the  god  of  good  fellows  ;  gods 
of  silence,  of  comfort ;  Hebe  goddess  of  youth  ;  Mena  men- 
struarnm,  &c.  male  and  female  gods  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  di- 
mensions, with  beards,  without  beards,  married,  unmarried, 
begot,  not  born  at  all,  but  as  Minerva  start  out  of  Jupiters 
head.  Hesiodus  reckons  up  at  least  SOOOO  gods  ;  Varro  300 
Jupiters.  As  Jeremy  told  them,  their  gods  were  to  the  mul- 
titude of  cities. 

Quicquid  humus,  pelagus,  coelum  miserabile  gignit, 
Id  dixere  Decs,  colles,  freta,  flumina,  flammas. 

"Whatever  heavens,  sea  and  land  begat, 
Hils,  seas  and  rivers,  God  was  this  and  that. 

And  which  was  most  absurd,  they  made  gods  upon  such  ridi- 
culous occasions ;  as  children  make  babies  (so  saith  ''Morneus) 
their  poets  make  gods;  et  quos  adorant  in  templis  ludunt  in 
theatris,  as  Lactantius  scoffes.  Saturn  a  man,  gelded  him- 
self, did  eat  his  own  children,  a  cruell  tyrant  driven  out  of  his 
kingdome  by  his  son  Jupiter,  as  good  a  god  as  himself,  a 
Avicked,  lascivious,  paltry  king  of  Crete,  of  whose  rapes,  lusts, 
murders,  villanies,  a  whole  volume  is  too  little  to  relate,  Venus, 
a  notorious  strumpet,  as  common  as  a  barbers  chair ;  Mars, 
Adonis,  Anchises  whore,  is  a  great  she-goddess  as  well  as  the 
rest;  as  much  renowned  by  their  poets;  with  many  such. 
And  these  gods,  so  fabulously  and  foolishly  made,  ceremow?Vs, 
hymnis,  et  cauticis  celebrant;  their  errours,  luctus  et  gaudia, 
amores,  iras,  nuptias  et  liberorum  procreationes,  C^as  Euse- 
bius  well  taxeth)  weddings,  mirth  and  mournings,  loves,  an- 
gers, and  quarrelling  they  did  celebrate  in  hymns,  and  sing 

a  Sacrorum  gent  descript.  Non  bene  meritos  solnm,  sed  et  tyrannos  pro  Diis  co- 
lunt,  qui  genns  humanum  horrenduni  in  niodum  portentosa  inimanitate  divexarunt,  &c. 
fcedas  meretrices,  Stc.  ^  Cap.  2'i.  de  ver.  rel,  Deoa  tinxerunt  eorum  poetae,  ta 

infantium  puppas.  <^  Proem,  lib.  contra  philos. 


524  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

of  in  their  ordinary  song:s,  as  it  were  publishing  their  villanies. 
But  see  more  of  their  originals.  When  Romulus  was  made 
away  by  the  sedition  of  the  senators,  to  pacifie  the  people, 
''Julius  Proculus  gave  out  that  Romulus  was  taken  up  by 
Jupiter  into  heaven;  and  therefore,  to  be  ever  after  adored 
for  a  god  amongst  the  Romans.  Syrophanes  of  yEgypt  had 
one  onely  son,  whom  he  dearly  loved  ;  lie  erected  his  statue 
in  his  house,  which  his  servants  did  adorne  with  crownes  and 
o-arlandes,  to  pacific  their  masters  wrath  when  he  was  angry^ 
so  by  little  and  little  he  was  adored  for  a  god.  This  did  Semi- 
ramis  for  her  husband  Belus  ;  and  Adrian  the  Emperour  by 
his  minion  Antinoiis.  Flora  Mas  a  rich  harlot  in  Rome,  and 
for  that  she  made  the  common-wealth  her  heir,  her  birth  day 
was  solemnised  long  after;  and  to  make  it  a  more  plausible 
holyday,  they  made  her  goddess  of  flowres,  and  sacrificed  to 
her  amongst  the  rest.  The  matrons  of  Rome,  as  Dionysius 
Halicarnassseus  relates,  because  at  their  entreaty,  Coriolanus 
desisted  from  hiswars,  consecrated  a  church  jFortuncc nndlebri: 
and  •*  Venus  Barbata  had  a  temple  erected,  for  that  somewhat 
was  amiss  al)0ut  hair  ;  and  so  the  rest.  The  citizens  "  of  Ala- 
banda,  a  small  town  in  Asia  Minor,  to  curry  favour  with  the 
Romans,  (vvhothen  warred  in  Greece  with  Perseus  ofMacedon, 
and  were  formidable  to  these  parts)  consecrated  a  temple  to 
the  city  of  Rome,  and  made  hera  goddess,  with  annual  games 
and  sacrifices.  So  a  town  of  houses  was  deified,  Avith  shame- 
ful flattery  of  the  one  side  to  give,  and  intolerable  arrogance 
on  the  other  to  accept,  upon  so  vile  and  absurd  an  occasion. 
Tully  writes  to  Atticus,  that  his  daughter  Tulliola  might  be 
made  a  goddess,  and  adored  as  Juno  and  Minerva,  and  as  mcII 
she  deserved  it.  Their  holydayes  and  adorations  were  all  out 
as  ridiculous.  Those  Lupercals  of  Pan,  Florales  of  P'lora, 
Bona  Dea,  Anna  Perenna,  Saturnals,  &c.  as  how  they  M'ere 
celebrated,  with  what  lascivious  and  wanton  gestures,  bald 
ceremonies,  ''  by  what  bawdy  priests,  how  they  hang  their 
noses  over  the  smoke  of  sacrifices,  saith  "  Lucian,  and  lick 
bloud  that  wasspilled  about  the  altars, like  flies.  Their  carved 
idols,  gilt  images  of  wood,  iron,  ivory,  silver,  brass,  stone, 
olim  truncHS  eranu,  ^c.  were  most  absurd,  as  being  their  own 
workmanship  ;  for  as  Seneca  notes,  adorant  lif/neos  Deos,  et 
fahros  interim  qnijecerunt,  contemnunt,  they  adore  work,  con- 
temn the  workman;  and  as  Tertullian  follows  it,  si  homines 

"Livius  lib.  1.    Deus  vobis  in  postenim  propitius,  Quirites.  bAnth. 

Verdure  Imag.  Deoriim.  "^  Mulieres  candido  splendentes  araicissine  varioque 

Isetantes  Restimine,  vemo  florentes  conaraine,  solum  sternentes,  &c.     Apuleiiis  lib.  11. 
de  asino  aureo.  dMag^na  religione  (jiwritur  cjuir  pos«it  adiiiteria  pfiira  mimprare. 

Alinut.  eLib.  de  sacriUciis.  Fumo  iiihiantes,  ct  imiscarumin  luorcm 

saDguinem  cxsugentes  circum  aras  eflusum. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melaneholy .   525 

nan  essent  Diis  propitii,  nan  essent  Dii^  had  it  not  been  for 
men,  they  had  nevei'  been  gods,  but  blocks  still,  and  stupid 
statues,  in  which  mice,  swallowes,  birds  made  their  nests, 
spiders  their  webbes,  and  in  their  very  mouths   laid  their 
excrements.     Those  images,  I  say,    were  all  out  as  gross,  as 
the  shapes  in  which  they  did  represent  them :  Jupiter  with  a 
rams  head;  Mercury  a  dogges.  Pan  like  a  goat,  Hecate  with 
three  heads,  one  with  a  beard,  another  without ;  see  more  in 
Carterius  and  ^  Verdurius  of  their  monstrous  formes  and  ugly 
pictures  :  and  which  was  absurder  yet,  they  told  them  these 
images  came  from  heaven  ;  as  that  of  Minerva  in  her  temple 
at  Athens,  quod  e  coelo  cecidisse  credebant  accolce,  saith  Pau- 
sanias.     They  formed  some  like  storkes,  apes,  buls,  and  yet 
seriously  beleeved;  and  that  which  was  impious,  and  abo- 
minable,  they  made  their  gods  notorious  whoremasters,  in- 
cestuous  sodomites,    (as  commonly  they  were  all,  as   well 
as  Jupiter,  Mars,  Apollo,  Mercury,  Neptune,  &c.)  theeves, 
slaves,    druges,    (for   Apollo    and    Neptune    made    tiles  in 
Phrygia,)   kept  sheep,  Hercules  empty'd  stables,  Vulcan  a 
black-smith,  unfit  to  dwell  upon  the  earth  for  their  villanies, 
much  less  in  heaven,  as  ^Mornay  well  saith,  and  yet  they  gave 
them  out  to  be  such  ;  so  weak   and  brutish,  some  to  whine, 
lament,  and  roare,  as  Isis  for  her  son  and  Cenocephalus,  as 
also  all  her  weeping  priests.     Mars  in  Homer  to  be  wounded, 
vexed  ;  Venus  run  away  crying,  and  the  like ;  then  which, 
what  can  be  more  ridiculous  ?  Nonne  ridiciilum  lugere  quod 
colas,  vel  colere  quod  lugeas?  which  "^Minutius  objects)  ^Si 
Diif  cur  plangitis  ?  si  mortui,cur  adoraiis?  that  it  is  no  mar- 
vel if  "^  Lucian,  that  adamantine  persecutor  of  superstition,  and 
Pliny,  could  so  scoffe  at  them  and  their  horrible  idolatry  as 
they  did.     Diagoras  took  Hercules  image,  and  put  it  under  his 
pot  to  seeth  his  pottage,  which  was,  as  he  said,  his  V6^  labour. 
But  see  more   of  their  fopperies  in  Cypr.  4.  tract,  de  Idol, 
varietat.  Chrysostome  advers.  Gentil.  Arnol)ius  adv.  Gentes. 
Austin,  de  civ.  Dei.       Theodoret,  de  curat.   Grcec.  affect. 
Clemens  Alexandrinus,  Minutius  Foelix,  Eusebius,  Lactan- 
tius,  Stuckius,  &c.     Lamentable,  tragicall,  and  fearful  those 
symptomes  are,  that  they  should  be  so  far  forth  affrighted  with 
their  fictitious  gods,  as  to  spend  the  goods,  lives,  fortunes, 
pretious  time,  best  dayes  in  their  honour,  to  ^  sacrifice  unto 
them,  to  their  inestimable  loss,  such  hecatombes,  so  many 


a  Imagines  Deorum  lib.  sic  inscript.  ^  Be  ver.  relig.  cap.  22.  Indigni  qui 

terram  calcent,  Sec.  «  Octaviano.  ^  Jupiter  Tragoedus,  de  sacrificiis,  et 

passim  alias.  ^QQQ  severall  kindes  of  sacrifices  in  ^gypt  Major  reckons  up, 

Tom.  2.  coll.  of  which  reade  more  in  cap.  1.  of  Laurentius  Pigaorius  his  iEgypt  cha- 
racters, a  cause  of  which,  Sacubius  gives  subcis.  lib.  3.  cap.  1. 


526  Religious  MelancJioly.        [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

thousand  sheep,  oxen  with  g-ilded  horns,  goats,  as  ^  Croesus 
kinij  of  Lydia,  ^  Marcus  Julianus,  surnamed  oh  crehras  hostias, 
Viclimarins  et  Tmiricremns  ;  and  the  rest  of  the  Roman  em- 
perours  usually  did  with  such  labour  and  cost :  and  not  em- 
perours  onely,  and  great  ones,  pro  commvm  bono,  were  at 
this  charge,  but  private  men  for  their  ordinary  occasions. 
Pythagoras  offered  an  hundred  oxen  for  the  invention  of  a 
Geometrical  probleme,  and  it  was  an  ordinary  thing  to  sacri- 
lice  in  '^  Lucians  time,  a  heifer  for  their  good  healthy  four 
oxen  for  wealth,  an  hundred  fur  a  linrjdome^  nine  huh  for 
their  safe  returnfrom  Troja  to  Pylus,  &,'c.  Every  god  almost 
had  a  peculiar  sacrifice  :  the  Sun  horses,  Vulcan  fire,  Diana 
a  white  hart,  Venus  a  turtle,  Ceres  an  hog,  Proserpine  a  black 
lamb,  Neptune  a  bull,  (read  more  in  ''  Stuckius  M  large)  be- 
sides sheep,  cockes,  corals,  frankincense,  to  their  undoings, 
as  if  their  gods  were  aflfected  with  blood  orsmoke.  And  surely 
(•"saith  he)  if  one  should  Init  repeat  the  fopperies  ofmortall 
vieyi,  in  their  sacrifices^  feasts,  worshippiny  their  yods,  their 
rites  and  ceremonies,  tchat  they  think  of  them,  of  their  diet, 
houses,  orders,  ^-c.  what  prayers  and  voices  they  make  ;  if  one 
should  but  observe  their  absurdities  and  madnesse,  he  would 
burst  out  a  lauyhiuy,  ondpitty  their  folly.  For  what  can  be 
more  absurd  then  their  ordinary  prayers,  petitions,  'requests, 
sacrifices,  oracles,  devotions  ?  of  Avhich  we  have  a  taste  in 
Maxim  us  Tyrius,serwi.  1.  Platos  Alcibiades  Secundiis,Versms 
Sat.  2.  Juvenal.  Sat,  10.  there  likewise  exploded,  Mactnnt 
opimas  et  pinyues  hostias  Deo  quasi  esurienti,  prof undunt  vina 
tanquam  sitienti,  lumina  accendunt  velut  in  tenebris  agenti 
(Lactantius  lib.  2.  cap.  6.)  as  if  their  gods  were  an  hungrie,  a 
thirst,  in  the  darke,  they  light  candles,  offer  meat  and  drink. 
And  what  so  base  as  to  reveal  their  counsels  and  give  oracles 
e  viscerum  sterquiUniis,  out  of  the  bowels  and  excrementall 
parts  of  beasts  ?  sordidos  Deos  Varro  truely  cals  them 
therefore,  and  well  he  might.  I  say  nothing  of  their  mag- 
nificent and  sumptuous  temples,  those  majestical  structures. 
To  the  roof  of  Apollo  Didymeus  temple,  ad  Branchidas,  as 
8  Strabo  writes,  a  thousand  oakes  did  not  suffice.  Who  can 
relate  the  glorious  splendor,  and  stupend  magnificence,  the 

a  Herod,  Clio.     Immolavit  lecta  pecora  ter  mille  Delphis,  una  cum  lectis  phialis 
tribus.  bguperstitiosus  Julianus  innumeras  sine  parsimonia  pecudes  mactarit. 

Aramianus.  25.  Boves  albi  M.  Csesari  sahitera.  Si  tu  viceris  perimus.  lib.  3.  Romani 
observantissimi  sunt  ceremoniaruui,  bello  prreserlira.  '  De  sacrificiis.     Bucnlanii 

pro  bona  valetudinp,  boves  qiiatiior  pro  divitiis,  centum  tauros  pro  sospite  a  Troja 
reditu,  &c.  ^  De  sacris  G.ntil.  et  sacrilic.  Tyg.  ir>96.  .     «  Enimvero  si  quis 

recenseret  quae  stulti  mortales  in  festis.  sacrificiis,  Diis  adorandis,&c.  qua>  \  ota  faciant, 
quid  de  lis  statuant,  &,c.  baud  scio  an  risunis,  &c.  f  Max.  Tyrius  ser.  1. 

Croesus  regum  omnium  stultissimus  de  lebete  consnlit,  alius  de  namero  arenarum,  di- 
meoaione  maris,  &c.  K  Lib.  4. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy .    527 

sumptuous  building  of  Diana  at  Ephesus,  Jupiter  Ammons 
temple  in  Africke,  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  the  Capitoll,  the 
Serapium  at  Alexandria,  Apollos  temple  at  Daphne  in  the 
suburbs  of  Antioch.  The  great  temple  at  Mexico  so  richly 
adorned,  and  so  capacious  (for  10000  men  might  stand  in  it 
at  once)  that  faire  pantheon  of  Cusco,  described  by  Acosta 
in  his  Indian  History,  which  eclipses  both  Jewes  and 
Christians.  There  were  in  old  Jerusalem,  as  some  write,  408 
synagogues  ;  but  new  Cairo  reckons  up  (if  '^  Radzivilus  may 
be  beleeved)  6800  meskites.  Fessa  400,  whereof  50  are  most 
magnificent,  like  Saint  Pauls  in  London.  Helena  built  300 
faire  churches  in  the  holy  land,  but  one  Bassa  hath  built  400 
meskites.  The  Mahometans  have  1000  monkes  in  a  monas- 
tery; the  like  saith  Acosto  of  Americans;  Riccius  of  the 
Chineses,  for  men  and  women,  fairly  built,  and  more  richly 
endowed  some  of  them,  then  Arras  in  Artois,  Fulda  in  Ger- 
many, or  Saint  Edmunds-Bury  in  England  with  us.  Who  can 
describe  those  curious  and  costile  statues,  idols,  images,  so 
frequently  mentioned  in  Pausanias  ?  I  conceal  their  donaries, 
pendants,  other  offerings,  presents,  to  these  their  fictitious 
gods  daily  consecrated.  '^  Alexander  the  son  of  Amyntas, 
king  of  Macedonia,  sent  two  statues  of  pure  gold  to  Apollo 
at  Delphos.  ^  Croesus,  king  of  Lydia,  dedicated  an  hundred 
golden  tiles  in  the  same  place,  with  a  golden  aitar.  No  man 
came  empty-handed  to  their  shrines.  But  these  are  base 
offerings  in  respect ;  they  offered  men  themselves  alive.  The 
Leucadians,  as  Strabo  writes,  sacrificed  every  yeer  a  man, 
averruncandcB  Deorum  irce  causa,  to  pacifie  their  gods ;  de 
montis  prcBcipitio  dejecerunt,  Sfc.  and  they  did  voluntarily  un- 
dergoe  it.  The  Decii  did  so  sacrifice  Diis  manihns  ;  Curtius 
did  leap  into  the  gulfe.  Were  they  not  all  strangely  deluded 
to  go  so  far  to  their  oracles,  to  be  so  gulled  by  them,  both  in 
war  and  peace,  as  Poly  bins  relates,  (which  their  augures, 
priests,  vestall  virgins  can  witness)  to  be  so  ^erstitious,  that 
they  would  rather  lose  goods  and  lives,  than  omit  any  cere- 
monies or  offend  their  heathen  gods  ?  Nicias,  that  generous 
and  valiant  captain  of  the  greekes,  overthrew  the  Athenian 
navy,  by  reason  of  his  too  much  superstition,  "^because  the 
augures  told  him  it  was  ominous  to  set  sail  from  the  haven  of 
Syracuse  whilest  the  moone  was  eclipsed,  he  tarried  so  long 
till  his  enemies  besieged  him,  he  and  all  his  army  was  over- 
thrown. The^Parthians  of  old  were  so  sottish  in  this  kinde, 
they  would  rather  lose  a  victorie,  nay  lose  theirown  lives  then 
fight  in  the  night;  'twas  against  their  religion.  The  Jewes 
would  make  no  resistance  on  the  sabbath,  when  Pompeius 

aPeregr  Hierosol.  ''Solinus.  <^  Herodotus,  ''Boterus 

polit.  lib.  2.  cap.  16.  « Plutarch,  vit.  Crassi. 


528  Religious  Melancholy.       [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

besieg-cd  Jerusalem;  and  some  Jewish  Christians  in  Africke, 
set  iij)on  by  the  Gothes,  suffered  themselves,  upon  the  same 
occasion,  to  be  utterly  vanquished.  The  superstition  of  the 
Dibrenses,  a  bordering*  town  in  Epirus,besieg-ed  by  the  Turkes, 
is  miraculous  almost  to  report.  Because  a  dead  Jog-  was  fluno- 
into  the  only  fountain  which  the  citie  had,  they  would  dye  of 
thirst  all,  rather  then  drink  of  that  ^  unclean  water,  and  yeeld 
up  the  citie  upon  any  conditions.  Though  the  praetor  and 
chief  citizens  began  to  drink  first,  using'  all  good  perswasions, 
their  superstition  was  such,  no  saying*  would  serve,  they  must 
all  forthwith  dye  or  yeeld  up  the  citie.  Vix  ausim  ipse  credere 
(saitli  ''Barletius)  tantam  super stitionem,  vet  affirmare  levis- 
simam  hanc  causam  iantcB  rei,  vet  marjis  ridiculam,  f/uum  non 
duhitem  risum potius  qnam  admiratioiiemposteris  excitaturam. 
The  story  was  too  ridiculous,  he  was  ashamed  to  report  it, 
because  he  thought  nobody  would  beleeve  it.  It  is  stupend 
to  relate  what  strange  effects  this  idolatry  and  superstition 
hath  brought  forth  of  the  latter  yeers  in  the  Indies  and  those 
bordering  parts  :  "^  in  what  ferall  shapes  the  *^  divel  is  adored, 
ne  quid  viali  iiitentet^  as  they  say;  for  in  the  mountains  be- 
twixt Scanderone  and  Aleppo,  at  this  day,  there  are  dwelling- 
a  certaine  kinde  of  people  called  Coordes,  coming-  of  the  race 
of  the  ancient  Parthians,  who  worship  the  divel,  and  alledge 
this  reason  in  so  doing ;  God  is  a  good  man  and  will  do  no 
barm,  but  the  divel  is  bad  and  must  be  pleased,  lest  he  hurt 
them.  It  is  wonderful  to  tell  how  the  divel  deludes  them, 
how  he  teiTifies  them,  how  they  offer  men  and  women  sacri- 
fices unto  him,  an  hundred  at  once,  as  they  did  infants  in 
Crete  to  Saturne  of  old,  the  finest  children,  like  Agamera- 
nons  Iphigenia,  Sec.  At  ^  Mexico,  when  the  Spaniards  first 
overcame  them,  they  daily  sacrificed  viva  homimnn  corda  e 
vivetitium  corporibus  extracta,  the  hearts  of  men  yet  living-, 
20000  in  a  yeer  (Acosta  lib.  5.  cup.  20.)  to  their  idols  made 
of  flowre  and  mens  bloud;  and  every  yeer  six  thousand  infants 
of  both  sexes:  and,  as  prodigious  to  relate  'how  they  burie 
their  wives  >vith  husbands  deceased,  'tis  fearful  to  report,  and 
harder  to  beleeve. 

s  Nam  certamen  habent  lethi  quse  viva  sequatur 
Conjugium,  pudor  est  non  licuisse  mori, 

and  burn  them  alive,  best  goods,  servants,  horses,   when  a 
grandie  dies  j  ''  12000  at  once  amongst  the  Tartars,  when  a 

'  They  were  of  the  Greek  church.  •'  Lih.  5.  de  gestis  Scanderbegis.  '^  In 

templis  immaDia  idolonim   inonstra  conspiciuntur,  marmorea,  lignea,  lutea,  &c.  Ric- 
ciiis.  <i  Deum  enim  placare  non  est  opus,  quia  non  nocet ;  spd  daemonem 

sacrificiis  placant,  &c.  c  Vvr.  Cortesius.  f  .M.  Polns.  Lorl.  Vcrtoaiannus. 

na^^g.  lib.  G.  cap.  P.  Martyr.  Ocean,  dec.  g  Piopertius  lib.  3.  eleg.  1*2. 

''  Matthias  a  Michoa. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  St/mptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.    529 

great  Cham  departs,  or  an  emperour  in  America  :  how  they 
plague  themselves,  who  abstaine  from  all  that  hath  life,  like 
those  old  Pythagoreans ;  with  immoderate  fasting's,  *  as  the 
Bannians  about  Surat;  they  of  China,  that  for  superstitions 
sake  never  eat  flesh  nor  fish  all  their  lives,  never  marry,  but 
live  in  deserts  and  by-places,  and  some  pray  to  their  idols  2A 
hours  tog-ether,  without  any  intermission,  biting  of  their 
tongues  when  they  have  done,  for  devotions  sake.  Some 
again  are  brought  to  that  madness  by  their  superstitious  priests, 
(that  tell  th.em  such  vain  stories  of  immortality,  and  the  joyt-i 
of  heaven  in  that  other  life)  ''that  many  thousands  voluntarily 
break  their  own  neckes,  Cleombrotus  Amborciatus'  auditors 
of  old,  precipitate  themselves,  that  they  may  participate  of 
that  unspeakable  happiness  in  the  other  world.  Onepoysons, 
another  strangleth  himself;  and  the  king-  of  China  hath  done 
as  much,  deluded  with  this  vain  hope,  hail  he  not  been  de- 
tained by  his  servant.  But  who  can  sufficiently  tell  of  their 
severall  superstitions,  vexations,  follies,  torments?  I  may  con- 
clude with  "^  Possevinus,  Religio  facit  asperos  mites,  homines 
eferis;  superstitio  ex  hominihusj'eras,  Religion  makes  wilde 
beasts  civil,  superstition  makes  wise  men  beasts  and  fools; 
and  the  discreetest  that  are,  if  they  give  way  to  it,  are  no 
better  than  dizards  ;  nay  more,  if  that  of  Plotinus  be  true,  is 
unus  relirjionis  scopus,  lit  ei  quern  c  ilhims  similes  Jiamus,  that's 
the  drift  of  religion  to  make  us  like  him  whom  we  worship; 
what  shall  be  the  end  of  idolaters,  but  to  degenerate  into 
stockes  and  stones?  of  such  as  worship  these  heathen  Gods, 
(for  Dii  (gentium  dcemonia)  "^  but  to  become  divels  them- 
selves ?  'Tis  therefore  exitiosus  error,  et  maxime  periculosus, 
a  most  perilous  and  dangerous  errour  of  all  others,  as  "^Plu- 
tarch holds,  turhiilentapassio  hominem  consternans,  a  pestilent, 
a  troublesome  passion,  that  utterly  undoeth  men.  Unhappy 
superstition,  'Pliny  cals  it,  morte  non  Jinit}n\  death  takes 
away  life,  but  not  superstition.  Impious  and  ignorant  men 
are  far  more  happy  then  they  which  are  superstitious,  no  tor- 
ture like  to  it,  none  so  continuate,  so  general!,  so  destructive, 
so  violent. 

In  this  superstitious  row,  Jewes  for  antiquitie  may  go  next 
to  Gentiles  ;  what  of  old  they  have  done,  vvhat  idolatries  they 

*  Epist.  Jesuit,  ann.  1549.  a  Xaverio  et  sociis.  Idemque  Ricclus  expedit.  ad 
Sinas.  1.  1.  Jejiinatores  apnd  eos  toto  die  carnibus  abstinent  et  piscibus  ob  religionem, 
nocte  et  die  idola  colentes  ;  nusqnam  egredientes.  ''Ad  imraorta- 

litatetn  niorte  aspirant  summi  magistratiis,  &c.  Et  multi  mortales  hac  insania,  et 
praepostero  immortalitatis  studio  laboraut,  et  niisere  pereunt ;  rex  ipse  clam  veiienum 
hausisset,  nisi  a  servo  fuisset  detentus.  f  Cantione  in  lib.  10.  Bodini  de  repub. 

fol.  111.  f'  Quin  ipsius  diaboli  ut  nequitiam  referant.  "^  Lib.  de  superstit. 

f  Hominibus  vitse  finis  mors,  non  antein  superstitionis  ;  profert  hsec  snos  terminos  ultra 
vitse  finem. 

VOL.  II.  M  M 


530  Religions  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.Sec.  4. 

have  committed  in  tlieir  i^roves  and  hi^^h  places,  what  their 
Pharisees,  Saddiicees,  Scrilies,  Essei,  and  snch  sectaries  have 
maintained,  I  will  not  so  much  as  mention  :  for  the  present, 
I  presnmo  no  nation  under  heaven  can  he  more  sottish,  igno- 
rant, blinde,  superstitious,  M'ilfuU,  obstinate,  and  peevish, 
tyring'  tlienssclves  with  vaine  ceremonies  to  no  purpose  ;  he 
that  shall  but  reade  their  Rabbins  ridiculous  Conunents,  their 
strange  interpretation  of  Scriptures,  their  absurd  ceremonies, 
fables,  childish  tales,  which  tiieystedfastly  beleeve,  will  think 
fhey  be  scarse  rational  creatures;  their  foolish  *  customes, 
when  they  rise  in  the  morning ;  and  how  they  prepare  them- 
selves to  prayer,  to  meat,  with  what  superstitious  washings  ; 
how  to  their  sabbath,  to  their  other  feasts,  weddings,  burials, 
&c.  Last  of  all,  the  expectation  of  their  3Iessias,  and  those 
figments,  miracles,  vaine  pompe  that  siiall  attend  him;  as 
how  he  shall  terrific  the  gentiles,  and  overcome  them  by  new- 
diseases  ;  how  Michael  the  Archangel  shall  sound  his  trumpet, 
how  he  shall  gati)er  all  the  scattered  Jewos  into  the  holy  land, 
and  there  make  them  a  great  l)anf|uet,  ^wherein  shall  he  all 
the  birds,  beasts,  fishes,  that  ever  God  made  ;  a  cup  of  wine 
that  f/reif  in  Paradise,  and  that  hath  bren  kept  in  Adani's 
cellar  ever  since.  At  the  first  course  shall  be  served  in  that 
great  oxe  in  Psal.  50.  10.  that  every  day  feeds  on  a  thousand 
liils ;  Job.  41.  that  great  Leviathan;  and  a  great  bird  that 
laid  an  egge  so  big,  ''that  by  chance  iumhliHy  ont  of  the  nest, 
it  knockt  doicn  300  tallceders,  and  breaking  as  it  fell,  drowned 
IGO  villar/es.  This  bird  stood  up  to  the  knees  in  the  sea,  and 
the  sea  was  so  deep,  that  a  hatchet  would  not  fall  lo  the  bottom 
in  seven  yeers.  Of  their  IMessias  ''wives  and  children  ;  Adam 
and  Eve,  &c.  and  that  one  stupend  fiction  amo!;gst  the  rest : 
When  a  Roman  prince  asked  of  Rabbi  Jehosua  ben  Ilanajiia, 
why  the  Jewes  G()<l  was  compared  to  a  lion;  he  made  answer, 
he  compared  himself  to  no  ordinary  lion,  but  to  one  in  the 
wood  Ela,  which  when  he  desired  to  see,  the  Rabbin  pray'd 
to  God  he  mighf,  and  forthwith  the  lion  set  forward;  ^  Jiut 
when  he  was  400  miles  from  Rome,  he  so  roared  that  all  the 
(jreat-helUed  rcomen  in  Rome  made  aborts  ;  the  citie  walls  fell 
down  ;  and  ivhen  he  came  an  hundred  miles  nearer.,  and  roared 
the  second  time,  their  teeth  fell  out  of  their  heads,  the  em- 

"Buxtorfins,  Synagog.  Jnd.  c.  4.  Inter  precandutn  nemo  pediciilos  attinjrat,  vel 
pnlicem,  ant  per  piittnr  inferius  ventuui  eniittas,  &.c.  Id.  c.  5.  et  seq.  cap.  36. 
••Illic  omnia  animalia,  pisces,  aves,  quos  Deus  unqiiain  rrcavit  mactahuntiir,  et 
viniini  generosnni,  &:c.  c  Cujus  lapsii  cedri  altissinii  300  dejecti  sunt, 

qiiu.nqufe  lapsu  ovum  fiierat  confracttnn,  pagi  IGO  inde  siihmersi,  et  allmione  inun- 
aati.  d  Kvery  kintc  in  the  world  shall  send  him  one  of  bis  daughters  to  be  bis 

wiji-,  because  it  is  wntten  Psal.  4.%  10.  kinss  daughters  shall  attend  on  him,  &c. 
*  Quum  quadringentis  adhuc  milliaribus  ab  iuiperatore  leo  hie  abesset,  tam  fortiter 
ru^ebat,  ut  mulieres  Romanse  abortierint  omnes,  uiurique,  h.c. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religions  Melayicholy.    531 

perour  himself  fell  down  dead,  and  so  the  lion  icent  hack  • 
With  an  infinite  number  of  such  lyes  and  forgeries,  which 
they  verily  beleeve,  feed  themselves  with  vain  hope,  and  in  the 
mean  time  will  by  no  perswasions  be  diverted,  but  still  crucifie 
their  soules  with  a  company  of  idle  ceremonies,  live  like  slaves 
and  vagabonds,  will  not  be  relieved  or  reconciled,    ■ 

Mahometans  are  a  compound  of  Gentiles,  Jevves,  and 
Christians;  and  so  absurd  in  their  ceremonies,  as  if  they  had 
taken  that  which  is  most  sottish  out  of  every  one  of  them ; 
full  of  idle  fables  in  their  superstitious  law;  their  Alcoran  it 
self  a  gallimaufrie  of  lyes,  tales,  ceremonies,  traditions,  pre- 
cepts, stole  from  other  sectes,  and  confusedly  heaped  up,  to 
delude  a  company  of  rude  and  bnrbarous  clownes.  As  how 
birds,  beasts,  stones,  sa'uted  Mahomet  when  he  came  from 
Mecha,  the  moone  came  downe  from  heaven  to  visit  him  ; 
"how  God  sent  for  him,  spake  to  him,  &c.  with  a  company 
of  stupend  figments  of  the  angels,  sun,  moone,  and  stars, 
&c.  Of  the  day  of  judgement,  and  three  sounds  to  prepare 
to  it,  which  must  last  50000  yeers;  of  Paradise,  which  wholly 
consists  in  cocimdi  et  comedendi  vohiptate,  and  pecorinis 
hominibvs  scriptum^  hestiaUs  beatitndo,  is  so  ridiculous,  that 
Virgil,  Dnntes,  Lucian,  nor  any  poet,  can  be  more  fabulous. 
Their  rites  and  ceremonies  are  most  vain  and  superstitious  ; 
wine  and  swinesfiesli  are  utter  forbidden  by  their  law;  ''they 
must  pray  five  times  a  day ;  and  still  towards  the  south  ;  wash 
before  and  after,  all  their  bodies  over,  with  many  such.  For 
fasting',  vowes,  religious  orders,  peregrinations,  they  go  far 
beyond  any  papists.  ^  They  fast  a  month  together  many  times, 
and  must  not  eat  a  bit  till  sun  be  set.  Their  Kalenders,  Der- 
vises,  and  Torlachers,  &c.  are  more  "^abstemious,  some  of 
them,  then  Carthusians,  Franciscans,  Anchorites;  forsake  all, 
live  solitary,  fare  hard,  go  naked,  &c.  ^ Their  pilgrimages 
are  as  far  as  to  the  river  '^Ganges  (which  the  Gentiles  of 
those  tracts  likewise  do)  to  wash  themselves;  for  that  river, 
as  they  hold,  hath  a  soveraign  vertue  to  purge  them  of  all 
sins,  and  no  man  can  be  saved  that  hath  not  been  washed  in 
it.  For  which  reason  they  come  far  and  near  from  the  Indies ; 
Maximus  gentium  omnium  con/luxus  est,  and  infinite  numbers 


^Stroziiis  Cicogna,  omnif.  mag.  lib.  1.  c.  1.    Putida  multa  recenset  ex  Alcorano, 
de  coelo,  stellis,  angelis,  Lonicerus,  c.  21,  22.  1.  1.  b  Quinquies  in  die  orare 

TurcEe  teueetur  ad  meridiem.     Bredenbachius,  cap.  5.  c  In  quolibet  anno 

mensem  integrum  jejunant  interdiu,  nee  comedentes  iiec  bibentes,  &c.  <'  NuUis 

nnquam  uiulti  per  totam  sstatem  carnibns  vescnntur.  Leo  Afer.  <?  Lonicenis, 

torn.  1.  cap,  17,  18.  f  Gotardus  Artiius,  ca.  33.  hist,  orient  Jndiae.  Opinio 

est  expiatorium  esse  Gangem ;  et  nee  mandum  ab  omni  peccato  nee  salvum  fieri 
posse,  qui  non  hoc  flumine  se  ablnat :  quam  ob  causaam  ex  tota  India,  &c. 

M   N  2 


532  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

yeerly  resort  to  it.      Others  go  as  far  as  Mecha  to  Maliomets 
tonibe,  which  Journey  is  both   miraculous   and   meritorious. 
The  ceremonies  of  flinging- stones  to  stone  thedivel;  of  eating 
a  camell  at  Cairo  by  the  way;  their  fastings,  their  running  till 
they  sweat,  their  long   prayers,   Mahomets  temple,   tombe, 
and  building  of  it,  would  aske  a  whole  volume  to  dilate:  and 
for  their  paines  taken  in  this  holy  pilgrimage,  all  their  sins  arc 
forgiven,  and  they  reputed  for  so  many  saints.     And  divers  of 
them  w  ith  hot   bricks,   when  they  return,  will  put  out  their 
eys,  "^  that  theif  never  after  see  amf  pruphane  thinr/,  bite  out 
their  tonrptes,  <$-c.     They  look  for  their  prophet   Mahomet  as 
Jewes  doe  for  their  Messias.     Read  more  of  their  custornes, 
rites,  ceremonies,  in  Louicerus,  Turcic.  hist.  torn.  1.  from  the 
10th  to  the  24th  chapter.     Breclenbachius,  cap.  4,  5,  6.     Leo 
Afer,  lib.  1.    Busbequius,  Sabellicus,  Purchas, /;7).3.  cap.  2>.et 
4,  5.  Theodorus  Bibliander,  &c.  Many  foolish  ceremonies  you 
shall  finde  in  them  ;   and  which  is  most  to  be  lamented,  the 
people  are  generally  so  curious  in  observingof  them,  that  if  the 
least  circumstance  be  omitted,  they  think  they  shall  bedamned ; 
'tis  an  irremissible  oftence,  and  can  hardly  be  forgiven.    1  kept 
in  my  house,  amongst  my  followers  (saith ''Busbequius,  some- 
times the  Turkes  orator  in  Constantinople)  a  Turkey  boye  that 
byciiance  did  eat  shell-fish,  a  meat  forbidden  by  their  law;  but 
the  next  day  when  he  knew  what  he  had  done,  he  w  as  not  only 
sick  to  cast  and  vomit,  but  very  much  troubled  in  minde,  would 
weepand  ''grievemany  dayesafter,  torment  himself  for  hisfoule 
offence.     Another  Turke  being  to  drink  a  cup  of  wine  in  his 
cellar,  first  made  a  huge  noise  and  filthy  faces,  ''  to  team  his 
boule  (as  he  said)  that  it  should  not  he  fjitilty  oj'  that  J  mile  fact 
which  he  was  to  commit.     ^Vith  such  toyes  as  these,  are  men 
kept  in  awe,  and  so  cowed,  that  they  dare  not  resist,  or  offend 
the  least  circumstance  of  their  law,  for  conscience  sake  misled 
by  superstition,  w  hich  no  humane  edict  otherwise,  no  force  of 
arms  could  have  enforced. 

In  the  last  place  are  Pseudo-Christians  :  in  describing  of 
whose  su|)erstitious  symptomes,  as  a  mixture  of  the  rest,  I 
may  say  that  which  S'.  Benedict  once  saw  in  a  vision  ;  one 
divel  in  the  market  place, but  ten  in  a  monastery,  because  there 
was  more  work;  in'populous  cities,  they  would  swear  and  for- 
swear, lye,  falsifie,  deceive  fast  enough  of  themselves,  one 
divel  could  circumvent  a  thousand  ;  but  in  their  religious 
houses  a  thousand  divels  could  scarce  tempt  one  silly,  monke. 


»  Quia  nil  volunt  deinceps  videre.  *"  The  German  ambassador  in  Turkey. 

«  Nudum  se  conflictandi  finem  facit.  ^  Ut  in  aliquem  angnlam  se  reciperet, 

ne  reus  fieret  ejus  delecti  quod  ipse  erat  adniissiirns. 


Mem.  I.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholi/.   533 

x4Il  the  principal  divels  I  think  busie  themselves  in  subverting' 
Christians  ;  Jewes,  Gentiles,  and  Mahometans  are  extra 
caulam,  out  of  the  fold,  and  need  no  such  attendance  ;  they 
make  no  resistance ;  ^eos  enim  pulsate  neffl'igit^  quos  quieto 
jure  possidere  se  sentit,  they  are  his  own  already;  but  Chris- 
tians hare  that  shield  of  faith,  sword  of  the  spirit  to  resist, 
and  must  have  a  great  deal  of  battery  before  they  can  be  over- 
come. That  the  divel  is  most  busie  amongst  us  that  are  of 
the  true  church,  appears  by  those  several  oppositions,  heresies, 
schismes,  which  in  all  ages  he  hath  raised  to  subvert  it,  and 
in  that  of  Rome  especially,  wherein  Antichrist  himself  now 
sits  and  playes  his  prize.  This  mystery  of  iniquity  began  to 
work  even  in  the  Apostles  time  ;  many  Antichrists  and  here- 
ticjues  were  abroad,  many  sprung  up  since,  many  now  present, 
and  will  be  to  the  worlds  end,  to  dementate  mens  mindes,  to 
seduce  and  captivate  their  soules.  Their  syniptomes  I  know 
not  how  better  to  express,  then  in  that  twofold  division,  of 
such  as  lead,  and  are  led.  Such  as  lead  are  heretiques,  schis- 
matickes,  false  prophets,  impostors,  and  their  ministers  :  they 
have  some  common  symptomes,  some  peculiar.  Common ; 
as  madness,  folly,  pride,  insolency,  arrogancy,  singularity, 
peevishness,  obstinacy,  impudence,  scorn  and  contempt  of  all 
other  sects  : 

Nullius  addict!  jurare  in  verba  magistri ; 
They  will  approve  of  nought  but  what  they  first  invent  them- 
selves, no  interpretation  good  but  v.hat  their  infallible  spirit 
dictates]  none  shall  be  in  secundis,  no  not  in  tertiis,  they  are 
onely  wise,  onely  learned  in  the  truth ;  all  damned  but  they 
and  their  followers;  ccedem  scripturarumfaciunt  ad  materiam 
suam,  saith  Tertullian  :  they  make  a  slaughter  of  Scriptures, 
and  turn  it  as  a  nose  of  wax  to  their  own  ends.  So  irrefra- 
gable, in  the  mean  time,  that  what  they  have  once  said,  they 
must  and  will  maintain,  in  whole  tomes,  duplications,  tripli- 
cations, never  veeld  to  death,  so  self-conceited,  say  what  you 
can.  As  ''Bernard  (erroneously  some  say)  speaksof  P.  Aliardus, 
omnes  patres  sic,  atque  ego  sic.  Though  all  the  fathers, 
councels,  the  whole  world  contradict  it,  they  care  not,  they 
are  all  one  :  and  as  '^  Gregory  well  notes  oj'  such  as  are  ver- 
tiginous^ they  think  all  turns  round  and  moves,  all  err  ;  when 
as  the  errour  is  ivholly  in  their  own  braines.  Magallianus  the 
Jesuite  in  his  Comment  on  the  first  of  Timothy,  cap.  6.  vers.  20. 
and  Alj)honsus  de  Castro,  lib.  I.  adversus  hcsreses,  gives  two 
more  eminent  notes,  or  probable  conjectures  to  know  such  men 
by, .(they  might  have  taken  themselves  by  the  noses  when 

i>  Gregor.  Horn.  f-Epist.  190.  <^Orat.  8.  Ut  vertigine  correptis  videntur 

omnia  moveri,  omDia  iis  falsa  sunt,  quiun  error  in  ipsoram  cerebro  sit. 


534  Religious  Melanchohj.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

tliey  said  it)  "First  theif  affect  novelties  and  toyes,  and  prefer 
falsehood  before  truth.     Secondlt/,   they  care  not  what  iheif 
\ay ;  that  which  rashness  andj'ollif  hath  hrouf/ht  out,  pride 
afterwards,  peevishness  and  contumacy  shall  maintain  to  the 
last  (/asp.^     Peculiar  symptomes  are  prodig-ious  paradoxes, 
new  doctrines,  vain  pbantasmes,  Mliich  are  many  and  divers 
as  they  themselves.     '^  Nicholaites  of  old  >vould  have  Avives  in 
common.       Montaaists  would  not  marry  at  all,  nor  Tatians  ; 
forbidding-  all  ilesh.     Severians,  wine.     Adamians  go  naked, 
''because  Adam  did  so  in  Paradise  ;   and  some  *  barefoot  all 
their  lives,  because  God,  Exod.  3.  and  Joshua  5.  bid  Moses 
so  to  doe;  and   Isay  20.  was  bid  put  off  his  shooes.     Mani- 
chees  hold  that  Pythagorian  transmigration  ofsoules  from  men 
tobeasts.    •  The  Circumcellians  in  Africke,  with  a  mad  cruelty 
made  atcay  themselves,  some  by  fire,  crater,  breaking  their 
neckes,  and  seducing  others  to  doe  the  like,  threatning  some  if 
they   did  not ;  with  a  thousand  such  :  as  you   may  read  in 
8  Austin,  (for  there  were  fourscore  and  eleven  heresies  in  his 
times,   besides  schismes  and   smaller   factions)   Epiphanius, 
Alphonsus    de    Castro,   Danaeus,    Gab.    Prateolus,  &c.      Of 
prophets,  enthusiasts  and  impostors,  our  ecclesiastical  stories 
afford  many  examples;  of  Eliasand  Christs,  asour'^Eudo  de 
Stellis,  a  lirittain  in  King  Stephens  time,  that  went  invisible, 
translated  himself  from  one  to  another  in  a  moment,  fed  thou- 
sands with   good  chear  in  the  wilderness,  and  many  such ; 
nothing  so  common  as  miracles,  visions,  revelations,  prophe- 
sies.    Now  M'hat  these  brain-sick  heretiques  once  broach,  and 
impostors  set  on  foot,  be  it  never  so  absurd,  false  and   pro- 
digious, the  common  people  will  folIo«'  and  beleeve.     It  will 
run  along  like  murrian  in  cattel,  scab  in  sheep,    JVulla  scabies, 
'  as  he  Ha\(\,  superstitione  scabiosior :  as  he  that  is  bitten  with  a 
madd  doggbites others,  and  all  in  theend  become  mad.  Either 
out  of  aftection  of  novelty,  simplicity,  blinde  zeal,  hoj)e  and 
feare,  the  giddy-headed  midtitude  will  embrace  it,  and  with- 
out farther  examination  approv(!  it. 

Sed  Vetera  querimur,  these  are  old,  Jiccc  priusfucre.  In 
our  dayes  we  have  a  new  scene  of  superstitious  imposters  and 
liercticiues,  a  new  company  of  actors,  of  Antichrists,  that  great 
Antichrist  himself:  A  rope  of  popes,  that  by  their  greatncf?sand 
authority  bear  down  all  before  them:  who  from  that  time  they 

al.  RfS  novas  affcctniitetinutiles,  falsa  veris  pritferunt.  2.  Quod  tenieritas  effutierit, 
id  HUperbia  post  mofliim  tiiptiitiir  it  conttimacia,  &c.  ^  See  more  in  Vincent. 

Ijyrin.  <:  Aust.  (le  ha'ri's.  Ustis  niulieriim  indifferens.  d  Quod  ante 

peccavit  Adam,  nudus  erat  eAlii  nndis  pedibus  semper  ambulant.  '^Insanft 

y  feritate  sibi  mm  parcuiit,  nam  pi-r  mortis  varias  jjnefipitiorum,  aquarum,  et  igniurn, 
seipso.i  tiecnnt,  et  in  istum  finorera  alios  cognnt,  mortem  min^ntes  ui  laciant. 
K  Eienth.  h;eiet.  ab  orbe  condilo.  ''  Niibrigensis,  lib.  1.  cap.  J9.  >  Jovian. 

Pont.  AuL  Dial. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.    535 


proclaimed  themselves  universal  bishops,  to  establish  their  own 
kingdome,  soveraig-nty,  greatness,  and  to  enrich  themselves, 
brought  in  such  a  company  of  humane  traditions,  purgatory, 
Limhus  Patrum,  Infantum,  and  all  their  subterranean  geogra- 
phy, masse,  adoration  of  saints,  almes,  fastings,  buls,  indul- 
gences, orders,  friers,  images,  shrines,  musty  reliques,  excom- 
munications, confessions,  satisfactions, blind  obedience,  vowes, 
pilgrimages,  peregrinations,  with  many  such  curious  toyes, 
intricate  subtelties,  gross  errours,  obscure  questions,  to  vindi- 
cate the  better  and  set  a  gloss  upon  them,  that  the  light  of 
the  Gospel  was  quite  eclipsed,  darkness  overall,  the  Scriptures 
concealed,  legends  brought  in,  religion  banished,  hypocritical 
superstition  exalted,  and  the  church  itself  ^obscured  and  per- 
secuted. Christ  and  his  members  crucified  more,  saith  Benzo, 
by  a  iew  necroraanticall,  atheistical  popes,  then  ever  it  was  by 
•^Julian  the  apostate, Porphyrins  the  platonist,  Celsus  the  phy- 
sician, Libanius  the  sophister;  by  those  heathen  emperours, 
Hunnes,Gothes,  and  Vandals.  W  hat  each  ofthem  did,  by  what 
meanes,  at  what  times,  quibus  auxiUis,  superstition  climbed 
to  this  height,  traditions  encreased,  and  Antichrist  himself 
came  to  his  estate,  let  Magdeburgenses,  Kemnisius,  Osiander, 
Bale,  Mornay,  Fox,  Usher,  and  many  others  relate.  In  the 
mean  time,  he  that  shall  but  see  their  prophane  rites  and 
foolish  customes,  how  superstitiously  kept,  how  strictly  ob- 
served, their  multitude  of  saints,  images,  that  rabble  of  Romish 
deities,  for  trades,  professions,  diseases,  persons,  offices,  coun- 
tries, places;  St.  George  for  England;  St.  Denis  for  France  ; 
Patrick,  Ireland;  Andrew,  Scotland;  lago,  Spain;  &c.  Gre- 
gory for  students;  Luke  for  painters;  Cosmus  and  Damian  for 
philosophers;  Crispine,  shoemakers;  Katherine,  spinners; 
^c.  Anthony,  for  pigs ;  Gallus,  geese;  Wenceslaus,  sheep; 
Pelagius,oxen  ;  Sebastian,  the  plague;  Valentine,  failing  sick- 
ness ;  Apollonia,  tooth-ach  ;  Petronella  for  agues  ;  and  the 
Virgin  Mary  for  sea  and  land,  for  all  parties,  offices.  He  that 
shall  observe  these  things,  their  shrines,  images,  oblations, 
pendants,  adorations,  pilgrimages  they  make  to  them;  what 
creeping-  to  crosses,  our  lady  of  Laurettas  rich  <=  gownes,  her 
donaries,  the  cost  bestowed  on  images,  and  number  of  suiters; 
S^  Nicholas  Burge  in  France;  our  S'.  Thomas  shrine  of  old  at 
Canterbury;  those reliquesat Rome,  Jerusalem,  Genoa,  Lions, 
Pratum,  S'.  Denis;  and  how  many  thousands  come  yeerly  to 
ofter  to  them,  with  what  cost,  trouble,  anxiety,  superstition 

a  Cum  per  Paganos  nomen  ejus  persequi  non  poterat,  snb  specie  religionis  frandii- 
lenter  subvertere  disponebat  b  That  writ  de  professo  against  Christians,  et  Pa- 

lestinum  Deum,  (et  Socrates,  lib.  3.  cap.  19.)  scripturam  nngis  plenam,  &c.  vide  Cy- 
rillum  in  Jnlianuin,  Originem  in  Celsum,  &c.  ^  One  image  had  one  gown 

worth  400,000  crownes  and  more. 


536  Religious  Melanchohj.  [Part.  3.  Sec. 

(for  forty  reveral  masses  are  daily  said  in  some  of  their 
"churches,  and  they  rise  at  all  houres  of  the  night  to  masse, 
come  bare-foot,  &c.)  how  they  spend  themselves,  times, 
o-oods,  lives,  fortunes,  in  such  ridiculous  observations;  their 
talcs  and  figments,  false  miracles,  buying  and  selling  of  par- 
dons, indulgences  for  40000  veers  to  come  ;  their  processions 
on  set  dayes,  their  strict  fastings,  monkes,  anchorites,  frier 
mendicants,  Franciscans,  Cartliusians,  &c.  Their  vigils  and 
fasts,  their  ceremonies  at  Christmas,  Shrovetide,  Candlemas, 
Palme-sunday.  Blase,  S*.  Martin,  S'.  Nicholas-day;  their  ado- 
rations, exorcismes,  &c  will  think  all  those  Grecian,  Pagan, 
Mahometan  superstitions,  gods,  idols,  and  ceremonies,  the 
name,  time  and  place,  haljit  onely  altered,  to  havedeuenerated 
into  christians.  Whilst  they  prefer  traditions  before  scrip- 
tures ;  those  evangelical  councels,  poverty,  obedience,  vowes, 
almes, fasting,  supererogations,  before  Gods  commandements; 
their  own  ordinances  in  stead  of  his  pretepls,  and  keep  them 
in  ignorance,  blindnesse;  they  have  brought  the  common 
people  into  such  a  case,  by  their  cunning  conveiances,  strict 
discipline  and  servile  education,  that  upon  pain  of  damnation 
they  dare  not  break  the  least  ceremony,  tradition,  edict:  hold 
it  a  greater  sin  to  eat  a  bit  ot  meat  in  Lent,  then  kill  a  man  : 
their  consciences  are  so  terriKed,  that  they  are  ready  to  de- 
spair if  a  small  ceremony  be  omitted  ;  and  will  accuse  their 
own  father,  mother,  brother,  sister,  neeresf  and  dearest  friends 
of  heresie,  if  they  doe  not  as  they  doe;  will  be  their  chief  ex- 
ecutioners, and  help  first  to  bring  a  fagot  to  burn  them.  What 
mulct,  vhat  penance  soever  is  enjoyned,  they  dare  not  but  doe 
it  ;  fumble  m  ith  S'.  Francis  in  the  mire  amongst  hogs,  if  they 
be  appointed;  go  wollward,  whip  themselves,  build  hospitals, 
abbies,  &c.  go  to  the  East  or  West  Indies,  kill  a  king,  or 
run  upon  a  sword  point :  they  performe  all,  without  any  mut- 
terring  or  hesitation,  beleeve  all. 

bUt  pueri  infantes  credunt  signa  omnia  aliena 

Vivere,  et  esse  homines,  et  sic  isti  omnia  ficta 

Vera  putant,  credunt  signis  cor  inesse  ahenis. 

As  children  thinke  their  babies  live  to  be, 

Doe  they  these  brazen  images  they  see. 

Ar,(\  whilst  the  ruder  sort  are  so  carried  headlong  with  blinde 
zeale,are  soguiled  and  tortured  by  I  heir  superstitions,  theirown 
too  credulous  simplicity  rnd  ignorance,  theirEpicurean  popes, 
and  hypocritical  cardinai.s  laugh  in  their  sleeves,  and  are  merry 
in  their  chambers  v  ith  their  punkes  ;  they  do  indulgere  genio 


'     »  As  at  our  Ladies  church  at  Bt^rgamo  in  Italy.  ''  Lucilius,  lib.  1.  cap.  22.  de 

falsa  relig. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.  537 

and  make   much   of  themselves.     The  middle  sort,    some 
for  private  gain,  hope  of  ecclesiasticall  preferment,  ((luis  ex- 
pedivit  psittaco  suum  x«'?0  popularity,  base  flattery,  must  and 
will  beleeve  all  their  paradoxes  and  absurd  tenents  without 
exception ;  and  as  obstinately  maintain,  and  put  in   practice, 
all  their  traditions  and  idolatrous  ceremonies  (for  their  relisfion 
is  halfe  a  trade)  to  the  death  ;  they  will  defend  all,  the  grolden 
legend  it  self,  with  all  the  lyes  and  tales  in  it:  as  that  of  St. 
George,  S*.  Christopher,   S'.  Winifred,  S*.  Denis,  &c.    It  is  a 
wonder  to  see  how  Nic.   Harpsfield  that  pharisaical  impostor 
amongst   the  rest,  Ecclesiast.  hist.  cap.  22.  scec  prim.  sex. 
puzzles  himself  to  vindicate  that  ridiculous  fai)le  of  S'.  Ursula 
and  the  eleven  thousand  virgins;  as,  when  they  lived,  how 
they  came  to  Cullen,  by  whom  martyred,  &c.  though  he  can 
say  nothing  for  it,  yet  he  must  and  will  approve  it :  nobilitavit 
(inquit)    hoc  ^  scsculum   Ursula  cum  cnmitibus,    cujus  historia 
ntinam  tarn  mihi  esset  expedita  et  eerta,  quani  in  animo  meo 
certum  ac  expeditum  est,  earn  esse  cum  sodalihus   heatam  in 
coelis  vircfinem.      They  must  and  will    (I  say)   either  out  of 
blinde  zeal  beleeve,  vary  their  compass  with  the  rest,  as  the 
latitude  of  religion  varies  ;  apply  themselves  to  the  times  and 
seasons,  and  for  feare  and  flattery  are  content  to  subscribe  and 
doe  all  that  in  them  lies  to  maintain  and  defend  their  present 
government,  and  slavish  religious  schoolmen,  canonists,  je- 
suites,  friers,  priests,  orators,  sophisters,   who  either  for  that 
they  had  nothing  else  to  doe,  luxuriant  wits  knew  not  other- 
wise how  to  busie  themselvesin  those  idle  times,  (for  the  church 
then  had  few  or  no  open  adversaries)  or  better  to  defend  their 
lyes,  fictions,  miracles,  transubstantiations,  traditions,  popes, 
pardons,  purgatories,  masses,  impossibilities,  &c.  with  glorious 
shews,  faire   pretences,  big  words,  and  plausible  wits  have 
coyned  a  thousand  idle  questions,  nice  distinctions,  subtleties, 
obs  and  sols,  such  tropological,  allegorical  expositions,  to  salve 
all  appearances,  objections,  such  quirks  and  (juiddities,  Quod- 
libetaries,  as  Bale  saith  of  Ferribrigge  and  Strode,  instances, 
ampliations,  decrees,  glosses,  canons  ;  that  in  stead  of  sound 
commentaries,  good  preachers,  are  come  in  a  company  of  mad 
sophisters,  prima  secnndo  secundarii,  sectaries,  canonists,  Sor- 
bonists,  Minorites,  with  a  rabble  of  idle  controversiesand  ques- 
tions, ^  an  Papa  sit  Dens.,   an  quasi  Deus  ?     An  participet 
utrumgue  Christi  naturam  ?     Whether  it    be  as  possible  for 
God  to  be  a  humble  bee,  or  a  gourd,  as  a  man?   Whether  he 


a  An.  441.  ''  Hospinian.  Osiander.  An  hsc  propositio,  Deus  sit  cucnrbita  vel 

scarabacus,  sit  seqiie  possibilis  ac  Deus  et  homo?  An  possit  respectuni  producere  sine 
fundamentoet  termino?  An  levius  sit  homiuem  jugulare  quara  die  dominico  calctum 
coDsuere  ? 


538  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

can  produce  respect  without  a  foundation  or  terme,  make  a 
Avhore  u  virgin  ?  fetch  Trajans  soulefroni  hell,  and  how?  with 
a  rabble  of  questions  about  hell  fire  :  whether  it  be  a  greater 
sin  to  kill  a  man,  or  to  clout  shooes  upon  a  Sunday?  Whether 
God  can  make  another  God  like  unto  himself?  Such,  saith 
Kemnisius,  are  most  of  your  schoolmen,  (meer  alchymists)  200 
commentators  on  Peter  Lambard;  (Pitsius^  calul.  scriptorum 
AiKjlic.  reckons  up  180  English  commentators  alone,  on  the 
matter  of  the  sentences)  Scotists,  Thomists,  Reals,  Nominals, 
&c.  and  so  perhaps  that  of  Saint  ^Austin  may  be  verefied,  hi- 
docti  rap\unt  ccelt'm,  docti  interim  descendunt  ad  inj'ermim. 
Thus  they  continued  in  such  errour,  blindness,  decrees,  so- 
phismes,  superstitions;  idle  ceremonies  and  traditions  were 
thesumof  their  new  coyned  holiness  and  religion,  and  by  these 
knaveries  and  stratagems  they  were  able  to  involve  multitudes, 
to  deceive  the  most  sanctified  soules,  and  if  it  were  possible, 
the  very  elect.  In  the  mean  time  the  true  church,  as  wine 
and  water  mixt,  lay  hid  and  obscure  to  speak  of,  till  Luthers 
time,  who  began  upon  a  sudden  to  defecate,  and  as  another 
sun,  to  drive  away  those  foggy  mists  of  ssperstition,  to  restore 
it  to  that  purity  of  the  primitive  church.  And  after  him,  many 
good  and  godly  men,  divine  spirits,  have  done  their  endea- 
vors, and  still  doe. 

^  And  what  their  ignorance  esteem'd  so  holy, 
Our  wiser  ages  do  accompt  as  folly. 

But  see  the  divel,that  will  never  suffer  the  church  to  be  quiet 
or  at  rest :  no  garden  so  Avell  tilled  but  some  noxious  weedes 
grow  up  in  it ;  no  wheat  but  it  hath  some  tares;  we  have  a 
mad  giddy  company  of  precisians,  schismaticks,  and  some  he- 
retiques  even  in  our  own  bosomes  in  another  extream. 
Dum  vitant  stuiti  vitia,  in  contraria  currunt ; 

That  out  of  too  much  zeale  in  opposition  to  Antichrist,  humane 
traditions,  those  Romish  rites  and  superstitions,  will  quite  de- 
molish all,  they  will  admit  of  no  ceremonies  at  all,  no  fasting 
dayes,  no  cross  in  baj)tism,  kneeling  at  communion,  no  church 
musick,  &c.  no  bishops  courts,  no  church  government,  raile  at 
all  our  church  discipline,  will  not  hold  their  tongues,  and  all 
for  the  peace  of  thee,  O  sion.  No,  not  so  much  as  degrees, 
some  of  them  will  tolerate,  or  universities:  all  humane  learn- 
ing, ('tis  cloaca  diaholi)  hoods,  habits,  cap  and  surpless,  such 
as  are  things  inditlVrent  in  themselves,  and  wholly  for  orna- 
ment, decency,  or  distinction  sake,  they  abhor,  hate,  and  snuff 
at,  as  a  stone  horse  when  he  meets  a  bear  :  they  make  matters 
of  conscience  of  them,  and  Mill  rather  forsake  their  li\'ings 

^l)e  doctChri.stian.  h  Daniel. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  3.]  Symptomes  of  Religious  Melancholy.     539 

then  subscribe  to  them:    They  will  admit  of  no  holydayes,  or 
honest  recreations,  as  of  hawking,  hunting-,  &c.  no  churches, 
no  bels,  some  of  them,  because  papists  use  them:  no  discipline, 
no  ceremonies,  butwhat  they  invent  themselves  :  no  interpret- 
ations of  scriptures,  no  comments  of  fathers,  no  councels,  but 
such  as  their  own  phantastical  spirits  dictate,  or  recta  ratio,  as 
.Socinians,  by  which  spirit  misled,  many  times  they  broach  as 
prodigious  paradoxes  as  papists  themselves.    Some  of  thera 
turn  prophets,  have  secret  revelations,  will  be  of  privy  councel 
with  God  himself,  and  know  all  his  secrets;  ^ Per  capiUos 
Spiritum  Sanctum  ieiient,  et  omnia  sciunt,  cum   sint  asini  om- 
nium ohstinatissimi.       A  company  of  giddy  heads  will   take 
upon  them  to  define  how  many  shall  be  saved,  and  who  dam- 
ned in  a  parish;  where  they  shall  sit  in  heaven,  interpret  aco- 
calypses,  (commentatores  prcccipites  et  vertiyinosos,  one  cals 
them,  as  well  he  might)  and  tbose  hidden  mysteries  to  private 
persons,  times,  places,  as  their  own  spirit  informs  them,  private 
revelations  shall  suggest ;  and  precisely  set  down  when  the 
world  shall  come  to  an  en<l,  whatyeer,  what  moneth,  what  day. 
Some  of  them  again  have  such  strong  faith,  so  presumptuous, 
they  will  goe  into  infected  houses,  expel  divels.and  fast  forty 
dayes,  as  Christ  himself  did.      Some  call  God  and  his  attri- 
butes into  question,  as  Vorstius  and  Socinus;  some  princes, 
civil  magistrates,  and  their  authorities,  as  Anabaptists ;  will 
doe  all  their  own  private  dictates,  and  nothing  else.     Brown- 
ists,  Barrowists,  Familists,  and  those  Amsterdamian  sectesand 
sectaries,  are  led  all  by  so  many  private  spirits.     It  is  a  won- 
der to  reveal  what  passages  Sleidan  relates  in  his  Commenta- 
ries, of  Cretinke,  Knipperdoling,  and  their  associates,  those 
mad  men  of  Munster  in  Germany;  what  strange  enthusiasmes, 
sottish  revelations  they  had,  how  absurdly  they  carried  them- 
selves, deluded  others  ;  and  as  prophane  Macbiavel  in  his  po- 
litical disputations  holds  of  the  christian  religion,  in  general  it 
doth  enervate,  debilitate,  take  away  mens  spirits  and  courage 
from  them,  simpliciores  reddit  homines,  breeds  nothing  so  cou- 
sagious  souldiers  as  that  Boman;  we  may  say  of  these  pecu- 
liar sects,  their  religion  takes  away  not  spirits  onely,  but  wit 
and  judgement,  and  deprives  them  of  their  understanding. 
For  some  of  them  are  so  far  gone  with  their  private  enthusi- 
asmes and  revelations,  that  they  are  quite  mad,  out  of  their 
wits.       What  greater  madness  can  there  be,    then  for  a  man 
to  take  upon  him  to  be  a  God,  as  some  doe  ?  to  be  the  Holy 
Ghost,  Elias,  and  what  not?  In  ''Poland,  1518,  in  the  reign 


aAgrip.  cp.  56.  I' Alex.  Guagiiin.  2'2.     Discipulis  ascitis  niiiuin  iu  modum 

spuhiDi  decepit. 


540  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

of  king-  Sig-ismund,  one  said  lie  was  Cbrist,  and  got  liini  12 
apostles,  came  to  judge  the  world,  and  strang-ely  deluded  the 
commons.  *One  David  George,  an  illiterate  painter,  not 
many  yeers  since,  «lid  as  much  in  Holland,  took  upon  him  to 
be  the  Messias,  and  had  many  followers.  Bencdictus  Vic- 
torinus  Faventinus,  consil.  15.  writes  as  mucii  of  one  Hono- 
rius,  that  thought  he  was  not  onely  inspired  as  a  prophet,  but 
that  he  was  a  god  himself,  and  had  ^  familiar  conference  with 
God  and  his  angels.  Lavat.  de  spect.  c.2.  part.  8.  iiath  a 
story  of  one  John  Sartorius,  that  thought  he  m  as  the  prophet 
Elias,  and  cap.  1.  of  divers  others  that  had  conference  with 
angels,  were  saints,  prophets  ;  ^Vierus,  iih.  3.  de  Lamiis,  c.  7. 
makes  mention  of  a  prophet  of  Groning  that  said  he  was  God 
the  Father;  of  an  Italian  and  Spanish  prophet  that  held  as 
much.  We  need  not  rove  so  far  abroad;  we  have  familiar  ex- 
amples at  home  :  Ilacket  that  said  he  was  Christ;  Coppinger 
and  Arihington  his  disciples:  ^  Burchet  and  IJovatus  burned 
at  Norwich.  We  are  never  likely  seven  yeers  together,  with- 
out some  such  new  prophets  that  have  several  inspirations, 
some  to  convert  the  Jewes ;  some  fast  forty  dayes ;  go  with 
Daniel  to  the  lions  den;  someforetel  strange  things,  some  for 
one  thing,  some  for  another.  Great  precisians  of  mean  con- 
ditions and  very  illiterate,  most  part  by  a  preposterous  zeale, 
fastirjg,  meditation,  melancholy,  are  brought  into  those  gross 
errours  and  inconveniences.  Of  those  men  i  may  conclude 
generally,  that  howsoever  they  may  seem  to  be  discreet,  and 
men  of  understanding  in  other  matters,  discourse  well,  Ifpsam 
hahentimaf/inatioyiem,  they  are  like  comets,  round  in  all  places, 
but  only  where  they  blaze,  ccptera  sani,  they  have  impreg- 
nable wits  many  of  them,  and  discreet  otherwise,  but  in 
this  their  madness  and  folly  breaks  out  beyond  measure,  ifi 
infinitum  ernmpit  stultitia.  They  are  certainly  far  gone  with 
melancholy,  if  not  quite  mad;  and  have  more  need  of  physick 
then  many  a  man  that  keej)s  his  bed  ;  more  need  of  hellebor 
then  those  that  are  in  bedlam. 


» Guicciard.   descrip.    Belg.  com.     Plores  habuit  asseclas  ah    iisdem    honoratas. 
*•  Hen.  Nicholas  at  Leiden  1580,  sucl>  a  one.  «  See  Camden's  Annals,  f.  242. 

et  285. 


Mem.  I.  Subs.  4.]  Pro(^nosticks  oj' Religious  Melancholy.  541 

SUBSECT  JV. 

Prognosticks  of  Religious  Melancholy. 

JL  OU  may  guess  at  the  prog-nosticks,  by  tfie  symptomes. 
What  can  these  signes  foretel  otherwise  then  folly,  dotage, 
madness,  gross  io^norance,  despair,  obstinacy,  areprobate  sense, 
*abad  end?  What  else  can  superstition,  heresie  produce, 
but  wars,  tunmlts,  uproares,  torture  of  soules,  and  despaire, 
a  desolate  land,  as  Jeremy  teacheth  cap.  "j .  34.  when  they 
commit  idolatry,  and  walk  after  their  own  wayes  ?  how  should 
it  be  otherwise  v,'ith  them  ?  What  can  they  expect  but  blast- 
ing, famine,  dearth,  and  all  the  plagues  of  ^flgypt  as  Amos 
denounceth,  cap.  4.  vers.  9-  10.  to  be  led  into  captivity?  If 
our  hopes  be  frustrate,  ice  soice  much  and  bring  in  little,  eat 
and  have  not  enough,  drink  and  are  not  filled,  clothe  and  be 
not  warme,  cVc.  Haggai,  1 .  6.  we  look  for  much  and  it  comes 
to  little,  ichence  is  it  ?  His  home  was  waste,  they  came  to 
their  ow7i  houses,  vers.  10.  therefore  the  heaven  staid  his  dew, 
the  earth  his  truit.  Because  we  are  superstitious,  irreligious, 
we  do  uot  serve  God  as  we  ought,  all  these  plagues  and  miseries 
come  upon  us ;  what  can  we  look  for  else  but  mutual  wars, 
slaughters,  fearfull  ends  in  this  life,  and  in  the  life  to  come  eter- 
nal damnation  ?  What  is  it  that  hath  caused  so  many  feral 
battles  to  be  fought,  so  much  christian  blood  shed,  but  super- 
stition ?  That  Spanish  inquisition,  racks,  wheels,  toriures,  tor- 
ments, whence  do  they  proceed?  from  superstition.  Bodine  the 
Frenchman  in  his  ^method,  hist,  accounts  Englishmen  barba- 
rians, for  their  civil  wars  :  but  let  him  but  reade  those  Pharsa- 
lian  fields,  '^  fought  of  late  in  France  for  religion, their  massacres, 
wherein,  by  their  owu  relations  in  24  years,  1  know  not  how 
many  millions  have  been  consumed,  whole  families  and  cities, 
and  he  shall  find  ours  to  have  been  but  velitations  to  theirs. 
But  it  hath  ever  been  the  custome  of  heretiques  and  idolaters, 
when  they  are  plagued  for  their  sins,  and  Gods  just  judge- 
ments come  upon  them,  not  to  acknowledge  any  fault  in  them- 
selves, but  still  impute  it  unto  others.  In  Cyprians  time,  it 
was  much  controverted  betwixt  him  and  Demetrius,  an  idolater, 
who  should  be  the  cause  of  those  present  calamities.  Deme- 
trius laid  all  the  fault  on  christians,  (and  so  they  did  ever  in  the 

a  Arins  his  bowels  burst,  Moatanus  hanged  himself,  &c.  Eudo  de  Stellis,  his  disci- 
ples, ardere  potias  quam  ad  Aitam  corrigi  maluerunt ;  tantavis  infixi  seiuel  erroris,they 
died  blaspheming.     Nubrigensis,  c.  9.  lib.  1.  Jer.  7.  23.  Amos,  5.  5.  b  5.  cap. 

•^  Poplinerins  Lerius,  prsef.  hist.  Rich.  Dinoth. 


542  Religious  Melancholy,       [Part.  3-  Sec.  4. 

primitive  church,  as  appears  by  the  first  book  of  ^^  Arnobius) 
^  that  there  were  not  such  ordinary  shnwres  in  winter,  the 
ripening  heat  in  summer,  so  seasonable  springs,  fruitfull  au- 
tumnes,  no  mnrhle  mines  in  the  mounfaines,  less  gold  and 
silver  then  of  old ;  that  husbandmen,  seamen,  souldiers,  all 
were  scanted;  justice,  friendship^  skill  in  arts,  all  teas  de- 
caged,  and  tliat  through  cljristians  default,  and  all  their  other 
miseries  from  them,  quod  Dii  nostri  a  vobis  non  colantur,  be- 
cause they  did  not  worship  their  gods.  But  Cyprian  retorts 
all  upon  him  again,  as  appears  by  his  tract  against  him.  'Tis 
true  the  world  is  miserably  tormented  and  shaken  with  wars, 
dearth,  faujine,  fire,  inundations,  plagues,  and  many  feral  dis- 
eases rao-e  amongst  us,  sed  noyi,  ut  tu  quereris,  ista  accidmii 
quod  Dii  vestri  a  nobis  non  colantur,  sed  quod  a  vobis  non 
colatnr  Devs,  a  quibus  nee  quisritur,  nee  timetur.  Not  as 
thou  complainest.  that  we  do  not  worship  your  Gods,  but 
because  you  are  idolaters,  and  do  not  serve  the  true  God,  nei- 
ther seeke  him,  nor  feare  him  as  you  ought.  Our  papists  object 
as  much  to  us,  and  account  us  heretiques,  Ave  them  ;  the 
Turkes  esteem  of  both  as  infidels,  and  we  them  asa  company  of 
Pagans,  Jewes  against  all ;  when  indeed  there  is  a  generall  fault 
in  us  all,  and  something  in  the  very  best,  v/hich  may  justly 
deserve  Gods  m  rath,  and  pull  these  miseries  upon  our  heads. 
I  will  say  nothing  here  of  those  vaine  cares,  torments,  needless' 
works,  pennance,  pilgrimages,  pseudomartyrdome,  &c.  We 
heap  upon  our  selves  unnecessary  troubles,  observations;  we 
punish  our  bodies,  as  in  Turkic, (saith "  Busbequius,  leg.Turcic. 
ep.  3.)  one  did,  that  was  much  affected  icith  musicke,  and  to 
heare  boges  sing,  but  verg  superstitious  ;  an  old  sgbil  coming 
to  his  house  or  an  holg  woman  (as  that  place  yeelds  many) 
took  him  don-ne  for  it,  and  told  him,  that  in  that  other  world 
he  should  suffer  for  it ;  thereupon  he  flung  his  riche  and  costlg 
instruments  which  he  had  bedeckt  with  Jeicels,  all  at  once 
into  the  fire.  He  was  served  in  silver  plate,  and  had  goodly 
houshold  stuff e:  a  little  after,  another  religious  man  repre- 
hended him  in  like  sort,  and  from  thenceforth  he  was  served 
in  earthen  vessels.  Last  of  all,  a  decree  came  forth  because 
Turkes  miqht  not  drink  wine  themselves,  that  neither  J  ewe  nor 


*  Advers.  gentes,  lib.  I.     Postqaam  in  mnnrlo  Christiana  gens  coepit,  terrarum  orbem 
periise,  et  multis  nialis  affectum  esse  genus  humanuin  videnius.  ■*  Quod  nee 

nyeme,  nee  Kstate  tanta  iuibrium  copia,  nee  frufnbus  torrondis  solita  flap;rantia,  nee 
vernali  temperie  sata  tani  Iteta  sint,  nee  arboreis  fictibus  autuinni  f(Tt;cundi,  minus  de 
inontibus  marmor  eruatur,  minus  aurum,  &c.  *=  Solitas  erat  ohlectare  se  fidibus, 

et  voce  miisi<;u  canentium  ;  sed  hoc  omne  sublatum  Sibylla;  cujusdam  iuterveutu,  &c. 
Inde  quicquid  erat  inslrumentonim  symphoniacoruin,  auro  gemmisqiie  egregio  opere 
diatinctorum,  comininuit,  et  in  ignem  injecit,  &e. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  4.]  Prognosticks  oj' Religious  Melancholy.  543 

christian  then  living  in  Constantinople,  might  drinke  any  wine 
at  all.  In  like  sort,  amongst  papists,  fasting-  at  first  was  gene- 
rally proposed  as  a  good  thing ;  after,  from  such  meats  at  set 
times,  and  then  last  of  all  so  rigorously  proposed,  to  binde  the 
consciences  upon  pain  of  damnation.  First,  Fryday,  saith 
Erasmus,  then  Saturday,  et  mine  periclitatnr  dies  Mercurii, 
and  Wednesday  now  is  in  danger  of  a  fast.  ^  And  for  such  like 
toyes,  some  so  miserably  affiict  themselves,  to  despaire,  and 
death  it  self.,  rather  then  offend ;  and  think  themselves  good 
christians  in  it,  rchen  as  indeed  they  are  superstitious  Jeices. 
So  saith  Leonardus  Fuchsius,  a  great  physician  in  his  time. 
''  We  are  so  tortured  in  Germany  with  these  popish  edicts,  our 
bodies  so  taken  downe,  our  goods  so  diminished,  that  if  God 
had'  not  sent  Luther,  a  tvorthy  man,  in  time  to  redresse  these 
mischiefes,  tee  should  have  eaten  hay  with  our  horses  before 
this.  <^-  As  in  fasiing,  so  in  all  other  superstitions  edicts,  we 
crucifie  oneanotherwithoutacause,  barring  our  selves  of  many 
good  and  lawful  things,  honest  disportSj  pleasures  and  recrea- 
tions :  For  wherefore  did  God  create  tliem  but  for  our  use  ? 
Feasts,  mirth,  musicke,  hawking-,  hunting,  singing,  dancing, 
&c.  non  tarn  necessitatibus  nostris  Deus  inservit,  sed  in  deli- 
cias  amamur,  as  Seneca  notes,  God  would  have  it  so.  And 
as  Plato,  2.  de  legibus  gives  out,  Deos  laboriosam  hominum 
vitam  miseratos,  the  gods,  in  commisseration  of  humane  estate, 
sent  Apollo,  Bacchus,  and  the  Muses,  qui  cum  voluptate  tri- 
pudia  et  saltationes  nobis  ducant,  to  be  merry  with  mortals, 
to  sing  and  dance  with  us.  So  that  he  that  will  not  rejoyce 
and  enjoye  himself,  making-  good  use  of  such  things  as  are 
lawfully  permitted,  non  est  temperatus,  as  he  will,  sed  supter- 
stitiosus.  There  is  nothing  better  for  a  man,  then  that  he 
should  eat  and  drinke,  and  that  he  should  make  his  soul  en- 
joye good  in  his  labour,  Eccles.  2.  24.  And  as  '^  one  said  of 
hawking  and  hunting,  tot  solatia  in  hac  cegri  orbis  calamitate 
mortalibus  ta:diis  Deus  objecit,  I  say  of  all  honest  recreations ; 
God  hath  therefore  indulged  them  to  refresh,  ease,  solace  and 
comfort  us.  But  we  are  some  of  us  too  stern,  too  rigid,  too 
precise,  too  grossely  superstitious  ;  and  whilst  we  make  a  con- 
science of  every  toye,  with  touch  not,  taste  not,  &c.  as  those 
Pythagorians  of  old,  and  some  Indians  now  (the  Bannians 
about  Guzerat)  that  Avill  eat  no  flesh,  or  sufl^er  any  living  crea- 


a  Ob  id  genus  observatiunculas  videmus  homines  misere  affligi..  et  denique  mori, 
et  sibi  ipsis  Christianos  videri,  quum  revera  sint  Judasi.  ^  Ita  in  corpora  nos- 

tra fortunasque  decretis  suis  sseviit,  ut  parum  abfuerit,  nisi  Deus  Lutherum,  virum 
perpetu&  memoria  dignissimum,  excitasset,  quin  nobis  foeno  mox  communi  cum 
jumentis  cibo  utendum  tuisset.  c  The  Gentiles  in  India  will  eat  no  sensible 

creatures,  or  ought  that  hath  bloud  in  it.  ^  Vandormilius,  de  aucapio. 

cap.  27. 


544  Rclir/ioii^  Meltuirltohi.       [Parf.  3.  Sec.  4. 

tiirc  to  bo  killed  ;  we  tyrannize  over  onr  brothers  sonle,  lose 
the  rig^ht  use  of  many  good  gifts  ;  honest  ••  sport.«.  games  and 
pleasant  recreations,  *'  punish  ourselves  without  a  cause,  lose 
<uir  liberties,  and  sometimes  our  lives.  Anno  1270,  at  *^  Mag-- 
(loburge  in  Germany,  a  Jewe  fell  into  a  privy  upon  a  Satur- 
day, and  without  lieipe  couM  not  possibly  g-et  out;  he  called 
to  his  fcllowes  for  succour,  but  they  denied  it,  because  it  was 
their  sabbath,  mm  licohat  opus  vianuum  exercere ;  the  l)ishop 
hearing  of  it,  the  next  day  forbade  him  to  be  pulled  out,  be- 
cause it  was  our  Sunday  ;  In  the  mean  time  the  wretch  dieil 
before  Munday.  We  have  myriades  of  examples  in  this 
kinde  amongst  those  ri^id  Sabbatarians  ;  and  therefore,  not 
without  good  cause,  '^  intolerahUem  perturhationem  Seneca 
calls  it,  as  well  he  might,  an  intolerable  perturbation,  that 
causeth  such  dire  events,  folly,  madness,  sickness,  despaire, 
death  of  body  and  souie,  and  hell  it  self. 


SUBSECT.  V. 

Cure  of   Rcli'jious  Melanchohj, 

X  O  purge  the  world  of  idolatry  and  superstition,  will  re" 
quire  some  monster  taming-  Hercules,  a  uivine  .Esculapius' 
or  CHRIST  himselfe  to  come  in  his  owne  person,  to  raign 
a  thousand  yeers  on  earth  before  the  end,  as  the  mille- 
naries will  have  him.  They  are  generally  so  refractory,  self- 
conceited,  obstinate,  io  firmely  addicted  to  that  religion  in 
which  they  have  been  bred  and  brought  up,  that  no  per- 
swasion,  no  terrour,  no  persecution,  can  divert  them.  The 
consideration  of  which,  hath  induced  many  commonwealths 
to  suffer  them  to  enjoye  their  consciences  as  they  will  them- 
selves :  a  toleration  of  Jewes  is  in  most  provinces  of  Europe  : 
Jn  Asia  they  have  their  synagogues  :  Spaniards  permit  Moors 
to  live  amongst  them  :  the  Mogullians,  Gentiles  :  the  Turkes, 
all  religions.  In  Europe,  Poland  and  Amsterdam  are  the  com- 
mon sanctuaries.     Some  are  of  opinion,  that  no  man  ought  to 


»  Some  explode  all  liiiinanp  authors,  arts  and  sciences,  poets,  histories,  &c.  so  pre- 
cise, their  zeale  overmns  their  wits  ;  and  so  stupid,  they  oppose  all  humane  learning, 
because  they  are  i^orant  ihemselves  and  illiterate  :  nothin)^  must  he  read  but  scrip- 
tures. But  these  men  deserve  to  be  pittied,  rather  than  confuted.  Otliers  are  so  strict, 
they  will  admit  of  no  honest  pame  and  pleasure  :  no  dancing,  singing,  other  playes,  re- 
creations and  ponies,  hawkinir,  huntin^j,  cock-fiphtinp,  bear-baiting,  &,c.  because  to  see 
one  beast  kil'  anotlier  is  the  frnif  of  our  rebellion  against  God,  &c.  h  Nuda  ac 

treraebunda  crnentis  Erepet  genibiis  si  Candida  jusseri.  lo.  Juvenalis,  Sat.  6.  c  Mnn- 
ster  Cosmog.  lib.  .3.  cap.  444.  Incidit  in  cloacam,  unde  se  rir>n  possit  eximere  ;  implorat 
opem  socioram,  sed  illi  uegant,  &c.  ''  1)3  benefic   7.  2. 


Mem.  1.  Subs.  5.]     Cure  of  Religious  Melancholij.  545 

be  compelled  for  conscience  sake,  but  let  him  be  of  what  re- 
ligion he  will,  he  may  be  saved,  as  Cornelius  was  formerly 
accepted,  Jewe,  Turke,  Anabaptists,  &c.  If  he  be  an  honest 
man,  live  soberly  and  civilly  in  his  profession,  (Volkelius, 
Crellius,  and  the  rest  of  the  Socinians,  that  now  nestle  them- 
selves about  Crakowe  and  Rakowe,  in  Poland,  have  renewed 
this  opinion)  and  serve  his  own  god,  with  that  fear  and  rever- 
ence as  he  ought.  Sua  cuiqus  civitati  {Loeli)  religio  sit,  noS' 
tra  nobis  •  Tully  thought  fit  every  city  should  be  free  in  this 
behalfe,  adore  their  own  cusfodes  et  topicos  Deos,  tutelar  and 
local  gods,  as  Symmachus  cals  them.  Isocrates  advised  De- 
mon icus,  when  he  came  to  a  strange  citie,  to  *  worship,  by  all 
meanes,  the  gods  of  the  place,  et  unumquemqne  topicnm  Deuni 
sic  coli  oportere,  quomodo  ipse  prceceperit :  which  Cecilius  in 
''Minutius  labours,  and  would  have  every  nation,  s«cro?'M»i 
ritus  gentiles  habere,  et  Deos  colere  municipes,  keep  their  own 
ceremonies,  worship  their  peculiar  gods  ;  which  Pomponius 
Mela  reports  of  the  Africans,  Deos  suospatrio  moreveneranitir; 
they  worship  their  owne  gods  according  to  their  owne  ordina- 
tion. For  wby  should  any  one  nation,  as  he  there  pleads, 
challenge  that  universalitie  of  God,  Denm  suuni  quern  nee  as- 
iendunt,  nee  indent,  discurrentem  scilicet  et  nbique  prcesentem, 
in  omnium  mores,  actus,  et  occultas  cogitationes  inquirentem, 
^'c.  as  Christians  do?  Let  every  province  enjoye  their  liber- 
tie  in  this  behalfe.  worship  one  god,  or  all  as  they  will,  and  are 
informed.  The  Romans  built  altars  Diis  Asice,  Europic,  Li- 
byce,  Diis  notis  et  peregrinis :  others,  otherwise,  &c.  Plinius 
Secundus,  as  appears  by  his  epistle  to  Trajan,  would  not  have 
the  Christians  so  persecuted,  and  in  some  time  of  the  raign  of 
Maximinus,  as  we  find  it  registred  in  Eusebius  lib.  9.  cap,  9. 
there  was  a  decree  made  to  this  purpose,  nullus  cogatur  invitus 
ad  hunc  vel ilium  Deorum  cultum  ;  and  by  Constantino  in  the 
19  year  of  his  raign,  as  •=  Boranius  informeth  us  ;  nemo  alteri 
exhibeat  molestiam,  quod  cujusque  animus  vult,  hoc  quisque 
transigat,  new  gods,  new  lawgivers,  new  priests  will  have  new 
ceremonies,  customes  and  religions,  to  which  every  wise  man, 
as  a  good  formalist,  should  accommodate  himself. 

•'Saturniis  periit,  perierunt  et  sua  jura; 
Sub  Jove  nunc  muiidus,  jussa  sequare  Jovis. 

The  said  Constautine  the  emperour,  as  Eusebius  writes,  flung 
down  and  demolished  all  the  heathen  gods  silver  and  gold  sta- 
tues, altars,  images  and  temples,  and  turned  them  all  to  Chris- 
tian churches,  injestus gentilium  monumentis  ludibrio  exposuit. 

.  a  Nuraen  venerare  praesertim  qiiod  civitas  colit.  >>  Oetavio  dial.  ^  Aanal. 

torn.  3.  ad  annum  324.  1.     ,      -^  Ovid. 

VOL,    II.  N  N 


54C  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4-. 

The  Tnrke  now  converts  them  again  to  Mahometan  meskites. 
The  like  edict  came  forth  in  the  raign  of  Arcadius  and  Hono- 
rius,  ''Symniaclius  the  orator  in  his  dayes,  to  procure  a  ge- 
neral! toleration,  used  this  argument,  ^  because  God  is  immense 
and  infinite^  and  his  nature  cannot  perfect lif  be  knowne,  it  is 
cojivenient  he  should  be  as  diversly  worshipped,  as  every  man 
shall  conceive  or  understand.  It  was  impossible,  he  thought, 
for  one  religioti  to  be  universall  :  you  see  that  one  small  pro- 
vince can  hardly  be  ruled  hy  one  law  civil  or  spiritual! ;  and 
how  shall  so  many  distinct  and  vast  empires  of  the  world  he 
united  into  one  ?  It  never  was,  never  will  be.  Besides,  if  there 
be  infinite  planetary  and  firmamentall  worlds,  as  "^some  will, 
there  be  infinite  g^enii  or  commanding  spirits  belonging  to 
each  of  them  :  and  so  per  consequens,  (for  they  will  be  all 
adored)  infinite  religions.  And  therefore,  let  every  territory 
keep  their  proper  rites  and  ceremonies,  as  their  Dii  tutelares 
will,  so  Tyrius  cals  them,  and  according  to  the  quarter  they 
hold,  their  own  institutions,  revelations,  orders,  oracles,  which 
they  dictate  to  from  time  to  time,  or  teach  their  priests  or  mi- 
nisters. This  tenent  Mas  stiftely  maintained  in  Turkic  not 
long  since,  as  you  may  reade  in  the  thirde  Epistle  of  Busbe- 
quius,  '^  thMt  all  those  should  participate  ofeternall  happiness, 
that  lived  an  holy  and  innocent  life,  what  religion  soever  they 
professed:  Rustan  Bassa  was  a  great  patron  of  it;  though 
Mahomet  himself  was  sent  virtute  gladii,  to  enforce  all,  as  he 
writes  in  his  Alcoran,  to  follow  him.  Some  again  will  ap- 
prove of  this  for  Jewes,  Gentiles,  Infidels,  that  are  out  of  the 
fold,  they  can  be  content  to  give  them  all  respect  and  favour, 
but  by  no  meanes  to  such  as  are  within  the  precincts  of  our 
own  church,  and  called  Christians  ;  to  no  heretiques,  schis- 
matickes,  or  the  like  ;  let  the  Spanish  inquisition,  that  fourth 
Furie,  speak  for  some  of  them,  the  civill  wars  and  massacres 
in  France,  our  Marian  times.  ''Magallianus  the  Jesuite,  will 
not  admit  of  conference  with  an  hcre(ique,  but  severity  and 
rigour  to  be  used,  noyi  illis  verba  reddere,  sed  Jurcas  figere 
oportet ;  and  Theodosius  is  commended  in  Nicephorus  iib.\2. 
rap.  15.  ^  that  he  put  all  heretiques  to  silence.  Bernard.  Epist. 
190.  will  have  club  law,  fire  and  sword  for  heretiques,  ^com- 
pell  them,  stop  their  mouthes  not  with  disputaiions,  or  re- 
Jute  them  with  reasons,  but  with  fists  ;   and  this  is  their  ordi- 

a  In  episi  iSym.  i.  Quia  Deus  immensiim  quiddam  est,  et  infinitum,  ciijut 

natura  perfecte  cognosci  non  potest,  {pqunm  ergo  est,  ut  diversa  ratione  colatur  prout 
quisque  aliquid  de  Deo  percipit  aut  intellijpt.  c  Campanella  Calcagninus,  and 

others.  dj^temae  beatitiidinis  consortes  fore,  qui  sancte  innocenterqne  hanc  vitam 

tradiixerint,  quamciinque  illi  religionem  sequuti  sunt.  *  Comment,  in  C.  Tim.  6. 

ver.  20  et  '2\.  Severitate  cum  hapreticis  agendum,  et  non  aliter.  f  Quod  silentium 

hcnreticis  indixerit.  ?Igne  et  fuste  potius  agendum  cum  hsereticis  quam  cum 

diipiitatiouibu.9que  os  alia  loquens,  8cc.  ^ 


J\Ieni.  1 .  Subs.  5.]      Cure  of  Reliyious  Melancholy.  547 

nary  practice.  Another  companie  are  as  milde  on  the  other 
side;  to  avoid  all  heart-burning-,  and  contentious  wars  and 
uprores,  they  would  have  a  general  toleration  in  every  king- 
dome  ;  no  mulct  at  all,  no  man  for  religion  or  conscience  be 
put  to  death  ;  which  ^Tiuianus  the  French  historian  much  fa- 
vours: our  late  Socinians  defend;  Vaticanus  against  Calvin 
in  a  large  treatise  in  behalfeof  Servetus,  vindicates;  Castalio, 
&c.  Martin  Bellius  and  his  companions  maintained  this  opi- 
nion not  long  since  in  France,  whose  errour  is  confuted  by 
Beza  in  a  just  volume.  The  medmm  is  best,  and  that  which 
Paul  proscribes,  Gal.  6. 1.  If  a^iy  nian  shall  fall  by  occasion, 
to  restore  such  a  one  with  the  spirit  of  meekness^  by  alljaire 
meanes,  yentle  admonitions ;  but  if  that  will  not  take  place, 
post  unam  et  alteram  admonitionem  hcereiicam  devita,  he  must 
be  excommunicate,  as  Paul  did  by  Hymenaeus;  delivered 
over  to  Satan.  Immedicabile  vulniis  esse  reddendum  est.  As 
Hippocrates  said  in  physicke,  1  may  well  say  in  divinitie ; 
qucejerro  non  curantur,  ignis  curat.  For  the  vulgar,  restrain 
them  by  lawes,  mulcts,  burn  their  bookes,  forbid  their  con- 
venticles: for  when  the  cause  is  taken  away,  the  effect  will 
soon  cease.  Now  for  prophets,  dreamers,  and  such  rude  silly 
fellowes,  that  through  fasting-,  too  much  meditation,  precise- 
ness,  or  by  melancholy  are  distempered,  the  best  meanes  to 
reduce  them  ad  sanam  meniem^  is  to  alter  their  course  of  life, 
and  with  conference,  threats,  promises,  perswasions,  to  inter- 
mixe  physicke.  Hercules  de  Saxonia  had  such  a  prophet 
committed  to  his  charge  in  Venice,  that  thought  he  wasElias, 
and  would  tast  as  he  did  :  he  dressed  a  fellow  in  angels  attire, 
that  said  he  came  from  heaven  to  bring  him  dirine  food,  and 
by  that  meanes  staid  his  fast,  administred  his  physicke;  so  by 
the  mediation  of  this  forged  angel  he  was  cured.  •^Khasisan 
Arabian,  cont.  lib.  1.  cap,  9.  speakes  of  a  fellow  that  in  like 
case  complained  to  him,  and  desired  his  helpe  :  I  asked  him 
(saith  he)  what  the  matter  teas ;  he  replyed,  I  am  continually 
meditating  of  heaven  and  hell,  and  me  ihinkes  I  see  and  talk 
tcithferie  spirits,  smell  brimstone,  ^-c.  and  am  so  carried  aumy 
with  these  conceits,  that  I  can  neither  eat,  nor  sleep,  nor  go 
about  my  business :  I  cured  him  (saith  llhasis)  partly  by  p^r- 
swasion,  partly  by  physicke,  and  so  1  have  done  by  many  others. 
We  have  frequently  such  prophets  and  dreamers  amongst  us, 
whom  we  persecute  with  fire  and  faggot :  I  thinke  the  most 
compendious  cure  for  some  of  them  at  least,  had  been  in  Bed- 
lam.    Sed  de  his  satis, 

*  Praefat.  hist  ''  Quidam  conqaestus  est  mihi  de  hoc  morbo,  et  deprecatus  est 

ut  ego  ilium  curarem  ;  «go  quaesivi  ab  eo  quid  sentiret ;  respondit,  semper  imaginor  et 
cogito  de  Deo  et  angelis,  &c.  et  ita  demersus  sum  hac  imaginatione,  ut  nee  edam,  nee 
dormiam,  nee  negotiis.  See.     Ego  coravi  medicina  et  yersuasione  ;  et  sic  pUires  alios. 

nn2 


548  Religious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 


MEMB.  II.    SUBSECT.  I. 

ReVufious  Melancholy  in  defect  ;  parties  affected  are  epicures, 
atheists,  hypocrites,  icorldly  secure,  carnalists,  all  impious 
persons,  impenitent  sinners,  Sj-c. 

In  that  other  extream,  or  defect  of  this  love  of  God,  know- 
ledg-e,  faith,  feare,  hope,  &c.  are  such  as  erreboth  in  doctrine 
and  manners,  Sadduces,  Herodians,  Libertines,  polititians;  all 
manner  of  atheists,  epicures,  infidels,  that  are  secure,  in  a  re- 
probate sense,  fear  not  God  at  all,  and  such  are  too  distrust- 
full  and  timorous,  as  desperate  persons  be.  That  grand  sin 
of  atheisme  or  impiety,  ^  Melancthon  cals  it  monstrosam  me- 
lancholiam,  monstrous  melancholy ;  or  venenatam  melancho' 
Ham,  poysoned  melancholy.  A  company  of  Cyclopesor  giants, 
that  war  with  the  gods,  as  the  poets  fained ;  Antipodes  to 
Christians,  that  scoffe  at  all  religion,  at  God  himself,  deny 
him  and  all  his  attributes,  his  wisdome,  power,  providence, 
his  mercy  and  judgement. 

t  Esse  aliquos  manes,  et  subterranea  regna, 
Et  centum,  et  Stygio  ranas  in  gurgite  nigras, 
Atque  una  transire  vadum  tot  millia  cymba, 
Nee  pueri  credunt,  nisi  qui  nondum  sere  lavantur. 

That  there  is  either  heaven  or  hell,  resurrection  of  the  dead, 
pain,  happiness,  or  world  to  come,  credat  Judceus  Apella: 
for  their  parts,  they  esteem  them  as  so  many  poets  tales,  bug- 
bears. Lucians  Alexander,  Moses,  Mahomet  and  Christ  are 
all  as  one  in  their  creed.  When  those  bloudy  wars  in  France 
for  matters  of  religion,  (saith  '^  Richard  Dinoth)  were  so  vio- 
lently pursued  betwixt  Hugenotes  and  Papists,  there  was  a 
company  of  good  fellowes  laughed  them  all  to  scorne,  for  being 
such  superstitious  fools,  to  loose  their  lives  and  fortunes,  ac- 
countiiii;  faith,  religion,  immortality  of  the  soule,  meer  foppe- 
ries and  illusions.  Such  loose  "^  atheisticall  spirits  are  too  pre- 
dominant ii)  all  kiiigdomes.  Let  them  contend,  pray,  tremble, 
trouble  themselves  that  will,  for  their  parts,  they  fear  neither 
God  nor  divel ;  but  with  that  Cyclops  in  Euripides, 


»De  animac.  de  htinioribns.  'Jiivenal.  <■  Li.  5.  Gal.  hist.  Quam- 

plurimi  reperti  sunt  qui  tot  periciiia  .siilteuntes  irridebant;  et  qiuedefide,  religione,&c. 
•lice bant,  ludibrio  habebant,  nihil  eonim  admittentes  de  fiitura  vita.  "'  bO^OOO 

Atheists  at  this  day  in  Paris,  Marcennus  thinkes. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]    Religious  Melancholy  in  Defect,         549 

Haud  uUa  nuuiina  expavescunt  CaelitAm, 
Sed  victimas  iini  Deorum  maximo, 
Ventri  ofFerunt,  Deos  ignorant  caeteros. 

They  fear  no  god  but  one, 
They  sacrifice  to  none, 
But  belly,  and  him  adore, 
For  gods  they  know  no  more. 

Their  god  is  their  belly,  as  Paul  saith,  Sancta  mater  saturilas  ; 

quibus  in  solo  vivendi  causa  palato  est. 

The  idol  which  they  worship  and  adore,  is  their  mistress,  with 
him  in  Plautus ;  mallem  hcec  mulier  me  amet  quam  Dii,  they 
had  rather  have  her  favour  then  the  gods.  Satan  is  their  guide, 
the  flesh  is  their  instructor,  hypocrisie  their  counsellour,  vanity 
their  fellow-souldier,  their  will  their  law,  ambition  their  cap- 
tain, custome  their  rule,  temerity,  boldness,  inipudence  their 
art,  toyes  their  trading-,  damnation  their  end.  All  their  en- 
deavours are  to  satisfy  their  lust  and  appetite,  how  to  please 
their  genius,  and  to  be  merry  for  the  present ; 

Ede,  lude,bibe,  post  mortem  nulla  voluptas. 

The  same  condition  is  of  men  and  of  beasts  ;  as  the  one  dieth, 
so  dieth  the  other ^  Eccles.  3. 19.  the  world  goes  round ; 


a  truditur  dies  di 


Novseque  pergunt  interire  Lunse  : 

•'they  did  eat  and  drinke  of  old;  marry,  bury,  bought,  sold, 
planted,  built,  and  will  doe  still.  "^  Our  life  is  short  and  te- 
dious, and  in  the  death  of  a  man  there  is  no  recovery,  neither 
teas  any  man  knotvne  that  hath  returned  from  the  grave:  for 
we  are  born  at  all  adventure,  and  ice  shall  be  hereafter  as 
though  we  had  never  been  ;  for  the  breath  is  as  smoke  in  our 
nostrils,  Sfc.  and  the  spirit  vanisheth  as  the  soft  ayr.  *^  Come 
let  us  enjoye  the  pleasures  that  are  present,  let  iis  chearfully 
use  the  creatures  as  in  youth,  let  us  fill  our  selves  ivith  costly 
wine  and  ointments,  let  not  the  fowre  of  our  life  passe  by  us, 
let  us  crown  our  selves  tcith  rose  buds  before  they  are  withered, 
Si'c,  ^  Vivamus,  mea  Lesbia,  et  amemus,  ^-c.  '  Come  let  us  take 
our  Jill  of  love,  and  pleasure  in  dalliance,  for  this  is  our  por- 


»Hor.  1.  2.od.  18.  b  Luke  17.  tWisd.  2.2.     .^      a  Vers.  6,7, 

?  Catullus.  fProv,  7.  18. 


550  Religious  Melancliohj.        [Part.  S.  Sec.  4. 

Temj^ora  labuntur,  tacitisque  scncscimus  annis. 
For  tlie^est  of  heavon  and  hell,  let  children  and  superstitious 
foolos  beleeve  it :  for  their  parts,they  are  so  far  from  trembling 
at  the  dreadful  day  of  judgement,  that  they  wish  Avith  Nero, 
me  vivo  fiat ^  let  it  come  in  their  times:  so  secure,  so  despe- 
rate, so  immoderate  in  lust  and  pleasure,  so  prone  to  revenge, 
that  as  Paterculus  said  of  some  caitilfes  in  his  time,  in  Rome, 
qnod  necjviter  misi.fortiter  execnti:  it  shall  not  be  so  wickedly 
attempted,  but  as  desperately  performed,  what  ere  they  take 
in  hand.  Were  it  not  for  Gods  restraining-  grace,  feare  and 
shame,  temporall  punishment,  and  their  own  infamy,  they 
would  Lycaou-likeexenterate,  as  so  many  canibals  eat  up,  or 
Cadmus  souldievs,  consume  one  another.  These  are  most 
impious,  and  commonly  professed  atheists,  that  never  use  the 
word  of  God  but  to  swear  by  it :  that  expiesse  naught  else  but 
epicurisme  in  their  carriage,  or  hypocrisie ;  with  Pentheus, 
they  neglect  and  contemn  these  rites  and  religious  ceremonies 
of  the  gods;  they  will  be  gods  themselves,  or  at  least  socii 
Deorum. 

Divisum  imperium  cum  Jove  Csesar  habet, 
Aproyis  an  ^Egyptian  tyrant,  grew,  saith  ''Herodotus,  to  that 
lieight  of  pride,  insolencie  and  impsefie,  to  that  contempt  of 
God  and  men,  that  he  held  his  kingdome  so  sure,  ut  a  nemine 
Deorum  aut.  hominum  sibi  eripi  posset,  neither  God  nor  men 
could  take  it  from  him.  ''A  certain  blasphemous  king  of 
Spaine  (as  ^  Lansius  reports)  made  an  edict,  that  no  subject  of 
his  ibrten  yeers  space,  should  beleeve  in,  call  on,  or  worship 
any  god.  And  as  'Movius  relates  of  Mahomet  the  second, 
that  sacked  Constantinople,  he  so  behaved  himse/Je,  that  he  he- 
leeved  neither  Christ  nor  Mahomet ;  and  thence  it  came  to  passe, 
that  he  kept  his  word  and  promise  noj'arther  then  for  his  ad- 
vantat/e  ;  neither  did  he  care  to  commit  anj/  offence  to  satisjie 
his  fust.  1  could  say  the  like  of  many  princes,  many  private 
men  (our  stories  are  full  of  them)  in  times  past,  this  present 
age,  that  love,  feare,  obey,  and  perform  all  civil  duties,  asthey 
shall  finde  them  expedient  or  behoveful  to  their  owne  ends. 
Securi  adversus  Dees,  securi  adversus  hoinines,  votis  no7i  est 
opus,  which  "  Tacitus  reports  of  some  Germans  :  they  need  not 
])ray,  feare,  hope,  for  they  are  secure  to  their  thinking,  both 
from  God  and  men.     Bulco  Opiliensis',  sometimes  duke  of 


•  Lib.  1.  ''M.  Montan.  lib.  I.  cap.  4.  f  Oral.  ront.  Hispan.     Ne  proximo 

flerennio  Deum  adorarent,  8ic.  "^  Talem  se  exhibuit,  ut  nee  in  Christum,  nee 

-Mfthometem  crederet,  unde  efllRctum  ut  promi.i.sa  nisi  qnatenu.s  in  saum  commodum 
cederent  minimp  servaret,  ner  iillo  scelere  peccatum  stataeret,  ut  suis  desideriis  satis- 
faceret.  ^  Lib.  de  raor.  Germ. 


Mem.  S.  Subs.  1.]     Religious  Melancholy  in  Defect.         551 

'Silesia,  was  such  a  one  to  an  haire,  he  lived  (saith  ""iEneas 
Silvius)  at  '^Uratislavia,  and  was  so  mad  to  satis  fie  his  lust,  that 
he  beleeved  neither  heaven  nor  hell^  or  that  the  soule  was  im- 
mortall ;  hut  he  married  imves,and  turned  them  np  as  he  thought 
Jit ;  did  murder  and  mischiefe,  and  what  he  list  hiniselj'.  This 
duke  hath  too  many  followers  in  our  dayes  :  say  what  you 
can,  dehort,  exhort,  perswade  to  the  contrary,  they  are  no 
more  moved, 


quarasi  dura  silex  aut  stet  Marpesia  cautes, 


then  so  many  stockes,  and  stones ;  tell  them  of  heaven  and 
hell,  'tis  to  no  purpose;  laterem  lavas,  they  answer  as  Ata- 
liba,  that  Indian  prince  did  frier  Vincent,  "^  ivhen  he  brought 
him  a  hook,  and  told  him  all  the  mysteries  of  salvation,  heaven 
and  hell  icere  contained  in  it:  he  looked  7ipon  it  and  said,  he 
sawe  no  such  matter  ;  asking  ivithalihoiv  he  knew  it :  they  will 
but  scofie  at  it,  or  wholly  reject  it.  Petronius,  in  Tacitus, 
when  he  was  now  by  Neros  command  bleeding  to  death,  au- 
diehat  amicos  nihil  referentes  de  immortalitate  animce,  aut  sa- 
pient lim  placitis,  sed  levia  carmina  et  faciles  versus,  in  stead 
of  good  counsell  and  divine  meditations,  he  made  his  friends 
sing  him  bawdy  verses  and  scurrile  songs.  Let  them  take 
heaven,  paradise,  and  that  future  happiness  that  will,  honum 
est  esse  hie,  it  is  good  being  here.  There  is  no  talking  to  such  ; 
no  hope  of  their  conversion;  theyare  in  areprobate  sense,  meer 
carnalists,  fleshly  minded  men,  which  howsoever  they  maybe 
applauded  in  this  life,  by  some  few  parasites,  and  held  for 
worldly  wise  men,  ^  they  seem  to  me  (saith  Melancthon)  to  be 
as  mad  as  Hercules  was,  when  he  raved  and  killed  his  wife 
and  children.  A  milder  sort  of  these  atheistical!  spirits  there 
are,  that  profess  religion,  but  timide  et  hassitanter,  tempted 
thereunto  out  of  that  horrible  consideration  of  diversitie  of  re- 
ligions, which  are  and  have  been  in  the  world,  (which  argu- 
ment Campanella,  Atheismi  Triumphati  cap.  9.  both  urgeth 
and  answers  ;)besides  the  covetousness,  imposture  and  knavery 
of  priests,  qucefaciunt  ('as  Postellus  observes)  ut  rebus  sacris 
minus  faciant  jidem;  and  those  religions,  some  of  them,  so 
phantasticall,  exorbitant,  so  violently  maintained  with  equal 
constancie  and  assurance ;  whence  they  infer,  that  if  there  be 


*  Or  Breslaw.        b  Usqne  adeo  insanas,  ut  nee  inferos  nee  superos  esse  dicat,  ani- 
masque  cum  corporibns  interire  credat,  &c.  <=  Europae  deser.  cap.  "24.         d  Fratres 

aBry.  Araer.  part.  6.  Librum  a  Vincentio  monacho  datum  abjecit,  nihil  se  videre  ibi 
hujusmodi  dicens,  rogansque  unde  hsec  sciret,  quum  de  coelo  et  Tartaro  contineri  ibi 
diceret  eNon  minus  hi  furent  quam  Hercules,  qui  conjugem  et  liberos  in- 

teriecit;  habet  heec  setas  plura  hujusmodi  portentosa monstra.  fDe  orbis  con. 

lib.  1.  cap.  7. 


552  Religious  Melancholi/.  [Part.  S.  Sec.  4. 

so  many  relig-ious  sectes,  and  den^'ed  by  the  rest.  >vhy  may 
tlicy  not  be  all  false?  or  why  should  this  or  that  be  preferred 
before  the  rest  ?  Tbe  scepticks  urge  this,  and  ainonirst  others, 
it  is  the  conclusion  of  Sextus  Empericus  lib.  8.  advers-  Mathr- 
maticos:  after  many  philosophical  arguments  and  reasons  pro 
and  con  that  there  are  gods,  and  again  that  there  are  no  £>ods, 
he  so  concludes,  c?<w  tot  inter  se  pur/neiit,  6c.  Una  tantitm 
potent  esse  vera,  as  Tully  likewise  disputes  :  Christians  say, 
they  alone  worshij)  the  true  God  ;  pitty  all  other  sectes,  lament 
their  case;  and  yet  those  old  Greekes  and  Romans  that  wor- 
shipped the  divel,  as  the  Chinese  do  now,  aut  Deos  tajiicos, 
their  own  gods;  as  Julian  the  apostate,  "Cecilius  in  IMinntius, 
Celsus  and  Porphyrins  the  philosopher  object :  and  as  IMa- 
chiavel  contends,  were  much  more  noble, g-enerous,  victorious, 
had  a  more  flourishing  common- wealth,  better  cities,  better 
souldiers,  better  schollers,  better  wits.  Their  gods  often  over- 
came our  gods;  did  as  many  miracles,  Sec  >Saint  Cyril,  Ar- 
nobius,  Minutius,  with  many  other  ancients;  of  late  Lessius, 
Morneus,  Grotius  de  verit.  Reli<j.  Christinncc,  Savanarola  de 
verit.  fidei  Christiancc,  well  defend;  but  Zanchius,  ''Campa- 
nella,  IMarinus  Marcennus,  Bozius,  and  Gentillettus  answer  all 
these  athcisticall  arguments  at  large.  But  this  again  troubles 
many  as  of  old ;  m  icked  men  generally  thrive,  professed 
atheists  thrive, 

•^Nullos.  esse  Deos,  inane  ccehim, 
Affirmat  Selius  :  probatrjiie,  quod  se 
Factum,  dum  negat  hecc,  videt  bcatum. 

There  are  no  gods,  heavens  are  toyes, 
Selius  in  publique  justifies  ; 
Because  that  whil'st  he  thus  denyes 
Their  deities,  he  better  thrives. 

This  is  a  prime  argument:  and  most  part  your  most  sincere, 
uj)riaht,  lionest,  and  "^jiOdd  men  are  (l(j)resscd  ;  The  race  is 
?iot  to  the  sicij't.  nor  the  battle  to  the  strouf/  :  (tccles  <).  I  I.) 
nor  yet  bread  to  the  wise,  J'avovr  nor  riches  to  men  of  nnder- 
standinff  ;  hut  time  and  chance  comes  to  all.  There  was  a 
great  plagne  in  Athens  (as  Thiuy«lid{'s  lib-  '2.  re!at(  s)  in  whi(  h 
at  last,  every  man  with  great  Ikentiousness,  did  what  he  list. 


aNonne  Romani   sine  Deo  vestro  rpgnan*  f^  fruuntur  orbe  toto.  e(  vos  et  Dpos  ves- 
tros  captives  tenont?  8cc.   Miiiutius  ()<  la^iano.  b  Comment,  in  (Jtnesin 

copiosns  in  hoc  subjprlo.  'Ecc"  pars  \es(riim  ft  major  et  inelior  alirel,  fame 

laJjorat,  et  Dens  patitnr,  dissimniat.  iion  vnit,  lion  poUst,  opituiari  siiis,  et  vel  invah- 
rins'vel  iniquiis  est.  Ceciliiit.  in  Minut.  Dmn  rapiunt  mala  lata  lioniis,  ijinoscite  tasso ; 
Solliritor  nnllos  esse  potare  Deos.  Ovid.  Vidi  epo  Dii.s  freloSj  uiullos  ditipi. 
Plaiitus  C'l-sina  act.  2.  seen.  5.  "  Martial.  1.  4.  Epig.  21, 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]     Religious  Melancholy  in  Defect.         553 

not  caring  at  all  for  Gods  or  mens  lawes.  J^either  thefeare  of 
God  nor  the  lawes  of  men  (saith  he)  awed  any  man;  because 
the  plague  sxceptallaway  alike,  good  and  bad;  they  thence  con- 
cluded it  was  alike  to  worship  or  not  xvorship  the  Gods,  since 
they  perished  all  alike.  Some  cavi]  and  make  doubts  of  Scrip- 
ture it  self;  it  cannot  stand  with  Gods  mercy,  that  so  many 
should  be  damned;  so  many  bad,  so  few  good;  such  have  and 
hold  about  religions;  all  stifle  on  their  side,  factious  alike, 
thrive  alike,  and  yet  bitterly  persecuting  and  damning  each 
other.  It  cannot  stand  with  Gods  goodness,  protection  and 
providence  (as  ^  Saint  Chrysostome,  in  tlie  dialect  of  such 
discontented  persons)  to  see  and  suffer  one  man  to  be  lar,ie, 
another  mad,  a  third  poor  and  miserable  all  the  dayes  of  his 
life,  a  fourth  grievously  tormented  with  sickness  and  aches, 
to  his  last  hour.  Are  these  signes  and  workes  of  Gods  provi- 
dence, to  let  one  man  be  deafe,  another  diimb  ?  A  poor  honest 
fellow  lives  in  disgrace,  wo  and  want,  wretched  he  is  ;  when  as 
a  wicked  caitijfeaboundsinsuperfuitieofu'ealth,  keeps  whores, 
parasites,  and  what  he  will  himself  Audis,  Jupiter,  hcec  ? 
Talia  multa  connectentes,  longmn  reprehensionis  scrmonem 
erga  Dei  providentiam  contexunt.  Thus  they  mutter  and  ob- 
jecte,  (see  thereste  of  their  arguments  in  Marcennusiw  Genesin, 
and  in  Campanella,  amply  confuted)  with  many  such  vaine 
cavils,  well  known,  not  worthy  the  recapitulation  or  an- 
swering, whatsoever  they  pretend,  they  are  interim  of  little  or 
no  religion. 

Cosin-germanes  to  these  men,  are  many  of  our  great  philo- 
sophers and  deists ;  who  though  they  be  more  temperate  in 
this  life,  give  many  good  moral  precepts,  honest,  upright, 
and  sober  in  their  conversation,  yet  in  effect  they  are  the  same, 
(accompting  no  man  a  good  scholler  that  is  not  an  atheist) 
nimis  altum  sapiunt,  too  much  learning  makes  them  mad 
Whiles  they  attribute  all  to  naturall  causes,  ''contingence  of  all 
things,  as  Melancthon  cals  them,  pertinax  hominum  genus, 
a  peevish  generation  of  men,  that  mis-led  by  philosophy,  and 
the  divels  suggestion,  their  own  innate  blindness,  denye  God 
as  much  as  the  reste  ;  hold  all  religion  a  fiction,  opposite  to 
reason  and  philosophy,  though  for  feare  of  magistrates,  saith 
'Vaninus,  they  durst  not  publikely  profess  it.  Ask  one  of  them 
of  what  religion  he  is,  he  scofiingly  replies,  a  philosophei',  a 
Galenist,  an  '^Averroist,  and  with  Rabelais  a  physician,  a  Pe- 
ripatetick,  an   Epicure.     In  spiritual  things,  God  must  de- 

a  Ser.  30.  in  5  cap.  ad  Ephes.  Hie  fractis  estpedibns  ;  alter  furit ;  alius  ad  extremam 
senectam  progressus,  orauem  vitam  panpertate  peragit ;  ille  inorbis  gravissimis :  sunt 
htec  providentiaj  opera?  hie  surdus,  ille  niutus,  &e.  b Omnia  contingenter  fieri 

volunt,     Melancthou  In  praiceptum  primutn.  «  Dial.  1.  lib.  4.  de  adaiir.  nat» 

arcauis.  ''  Aniaia  mea  sit  cum  animis  philosophorum. 


554  Religious  Melanchohj.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

monstrate  all  to  sense,  leave  a  pawne  with  them,  or  else  seek 
some  other  creditor.  They  will  acknowledge  nature  and  for- 
tune, yet  not  God :  ihouoh  in  effect  they  grant  both  :  for  as 
Scaliger  defines,  Nature  signifies  Gods  ordinary  power;  or  as 
Calvin  writes,  Nature  is  Gods  order,  and  so  things  extraor- 
dinary may  be  called  unnaturall,  Fortune  his  unrevealed  will; 
and  so  we  call  things  changeable  that  are  beside  reason  and 
expectation.  To  this  purpose  ^Minutius  in  Octavio,  and 
''Seneca  well  discourseth  M'ith  them,  lib.  4.  de  beneficiis  cap, 
5,  6,  7.  Thejf  doe  not  understand  tvhat  the]/  saj/  ;  what  is  na- 
ture hut  God?  call  him  what  thou  wilt,  Nature^  Jupiter ,  he 
hath  as  many  names  as  offices  :  it  comes  all  to  one  pass  ;  God  is 
thej'onntain  oj"  all,  thejirst  giver  and  preserver  y  from  whom 
all  things  depend, "  a  quo,  et  per  quern  omnia. 

Nam  quodcunque  vides  Deus  est,  quocunque  moveris; 
God  is  all  in  all,  God  is  everywhere,  in  every  place,  i^nd  yet 
this  Seneca  that  could  confute  and  blame  them,  is  all  out  as 
much  to  be  blamed  aud  confuted  himselfe,  as  mad  himselfe; 
for  he  holds /r//?/m  Sto'icum,  that  inevitable  necessity  in  the 
other  extream,  as  those  Chaldean  astrologers  of  old  did, 
against  whom  the  Prophet  Jeremy  so  often  thunders;  and  those 
heathen  mathematicians,  Nigidius  Figulus,  magicians,  and 
Priscilianists,  whom  S'.  Austin  so  eagerly  confutes ;  those 
Arabian  questionaries,  Novem  Judices,  Albumazer,  Doro- 
theus,  &c.  and  our  countryman  Estuidus^;  that  take  upon 
them  to  define  out  of  those  great  conjunctions  of  stars,  (with 
Ptolomaeus)  the  periods  of  kingdomes,  or  religions,  of  all 
future  accidents,  -wars,  plagues,  schismes,  heresies,  and  what 
not  ?  all  from  stars,  and  such  things,  saith  Maginus,  quce 
sihi  et  intelligentis  suis  reservavit  Deus,  which  God  hath 
reserved  to  himself  and  his  angels,  they  will  take  upon  them 
to  foretell ;  as  if  stars  were  immediate,  inevitable  causes  of 
all  future  accidents.  Caesar  Vaninus,  in  his  book  dc  admi- 
randis  natura;  arcanis,  dial.  52.  de  oraculis,  is  more  free, 
copious  and  open  in  the  explication  of  this  astrologicall  tenent 
of  Ptolomy,  then  any  of  our  modern  writers,  Cardan  expected; 
a  true  disciple  of  his  master  Pomponatius  :  according  to  the 
doctrine  of  Peripateticks,  he  refers  all  apparitions,  prodigies, 
miracles,  oracles,  accidents,  alterations  ofreligions,  kingdomes, 
&c.  (for  which  he  is  soundly  lashed  by  Marinus  Marcennus, 
as  well  he  deserves)  to  natural  causes  ;  (for  spirits  he  will  not 
acknowledge);  to  that  light,  motion,  influences  of  heavens 


*  Denm  nnnm  mnltis  designant  nominibus,  &c.  •>  Non  intelligis  te  qaatn  haec 

dicis,  rantare  te  ipaain  nomen  Dei :  quid  enim  est  aliiid  natnra  qaam  Daus  ?  &c.  tot 
habet  appellatioues  quot  munera.  cAostin.  <i  Priocipio  Ephemer.  , 


Meiu.  2.  Subs.  1.]  Religious  MelancTwly  in  Defect.  555 

and  stars,  and  to  the  intellig-ences  that  move  the  orbes.  Intel- 
ligentia  qucB  movet  orbetn,  mediante  coelo,  Sfc.  Intelligences 
do  all  :  and  after  a  long  discourse  of  miracles  done  of  old,  si 
kcec  dcemones possint^cur  non  etintelligentice  coelorum  motrices? 
And  as  these  great  conjunctions,  aspectes  of  planets  begin  or 
end,  vary,  are  vertical  and  predominant,  so  have  religions, 
rites,  ceremonies,  and  kingdomes  their  beginning,  progress, 
periods  j  in  urhihus,  regibiis,  religionibus,  ac  in  particu- 
larihns  hominibns  fioec  vera  ac  mamfesta  sunt,  2it  ^ristoteles 
innitere  videtur,  et  quotidiana  docet  experientia^  nt  historias 
perlegens  videbit.  Quid  olim  in  Gentili  lege  Jove  sanctius  et 
illnstrius  ?  Quid  nunc  vilemagis  et  execrandum?  Ita  ccelestia 
corpora  pro  mortalium  beneficio  religiones  cedijicant,  et  cum 
cessat  m/luxns,  vessat  lex,  6fc.  And  because,  according  to 
their  tenents,  the  world  is  eternal,  intelligences  eternal,  in- 
fluences of  stars  eternal,  kingdomes,  religions,  alterations  shall 
be  likewise  eternal,  and  run  round  after  many  ages.  Atque 
iterum  ad  Trojarn  magnus  viittetur  Achilles  ;  renascentur  re- 
ligiones,  et  ceremonia;,  res  humance  in  idem  recident,  nihil  nunc 
quod  non  olinij'uit,  et  post  sceculorum  revobitiones  alias  est, 
erit,  Src.  idem  specie,  saith  Vaninus,  non  individuo  quod  Plato 
signi/icavit:  These  (saith  mine  ^author)  these  are  the  decrees 
of  Peripateticks,  which  though  I  recite,  in  obsequiuni  Christianoe 
fidei,  detestor,  as  I  am  a  Christian,  I  detest  and  hate.  Thus 
Peripateticks  and  astrologians  held  informer  times;  and  to 
this  effect  of  old  in  Rome,  saith  Dionysius  Halicarnassaeus, 
lib.  7-  when  those  meteors  and  prodigies  appeared  in  the  ayr, 
after  the  banishment  of  Coriolanus,  ^  Men  loere  diversely  af- 
fected; some  said,  theg  tcere  Gods  just  judgement  for  the 
execution  of  that  good  man;  some  referred  all  to  naturall 
causes ;  some  to  stars  ;  some  thought  they  came  by  chance ; 
some  by  necessity  decreed  ab  initio,  and  could  not  be  altered. 
The  two  last  opinions  of  chance  and  necessity,  were,  it  seems, 
of  greater  note  then  the  rest. 

c  Sunt  qui  in  Fortunee  jam  casibus  omnia  ponunt ; 
Et  mundum  credunt  nullo  rectore  moveri ; 
Natura  volvente  vices,  &c. 

For  the  first  of  chance,  as  ^Sallust  likewise  informeth  us,  those 
old  Romans  generally  received.     They  supposed  for  tune  alone 


*  Vaninus  dial.  52.  de  oraculis.  ''  Varic  homines  affecti ;  alii  Dei  judiciam 

ad  tarn  pii  exsilium  ;  alii  ad  naturatn  referebant ;  nee  ab  indipiatione  Dei,  sed  hamanis 
caasis,  &c.  12.  natural,  quxst.  33.  39.  cJuv.Sat.  13.  dfipist.  adC. 

Caesar.  Romani  olim  putabant  fortunam  regna  et  imperia  dare  :  credebant  antea 
mortales  fortunam  solam  opes  et  honores  largiri,  idqne  dnabns  de  causis ;  primnm,  quod 
indignns  qaisqne  dives,  honoratus,  potens ;  alterum,  vix  qnisquam  perpetao  bonis  iis 
frai  visus.      Postea  prudentiores  didicere  fortunam  suam  quemque  fingere. 


55fi  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec,  4. 

gave  kiiigdomes  and  empires,  wealth,  ho7ionrs,  offices,  andthat 
J'or  two  causes  ;  first,   because  every  icicked,  base,  unworthy 
wretch  was prej'crred,  riche,  potent,  ^c.     Secondly,  because 
of  their  wicertainty,  though  never  so  good,  scarse  any  one 
enjoyed  them  long  :  but  aj'tcr,  they  begun  upon  better  advice, 
to   think  otherwise ;  that  every  man  made  his  ownj'ortune. 
The   last   of  necessity  was  Senecas  tenent,  that   God  was 
alligatus  causis  secundis,  so  tyed  to  second  causes,   to  that 
inexorable  necessity,  that  he  could  alter  nofhingof  that  which 
was  once  decreed,  sic  erat  inj'atis,  it  cannot  be  altered;  semel 
jussit,   semper  paret   Deus,  nulla  vis  rumpit,  nuUce  preces, 
nee  ipsuni  J'ulmen  ;   God  hath  once  said  it,  and  it  must  for 
ever  stand  good  ;  no   prayers,  no  threats,   nor  power,  nor 
thunder  it  selfe  can  alter  it.     Zeno,  Chrysippus,  and   those 
other  Stoicks,   as  you  may  read  in  Tully  2.  de  divinatione, 
Gellius,  lib.  G.  cap.  2.  Sf-c.  maintained  as  much.     In  all  ages, 
there  have  been  such,  that  either  denye  God  in  all,  or  in  part; 
son\e  deride  him  ;  they  could  have  made  a  better  world,  and 
rule  it  more  orderly  themselves;  blaspheme  him,  derogate  at 
their  pleasure  from  him.     'Twas  so  in  ""Platos  time;  Sotne  say 
there  be  no  gods  ;  others  that  they  care  not  J'or  men  ;  a  middle 
sort  grant  both.      Si  non  sit  Deus.,  unde  bona  '/  si  sit  Deus, 
wide  mala  ?     So  Cotta  argues  in  Tully,  why  made  he  not  all 
good  ;  or  at  least  tenders  not  the  welfare  of  such  as  are  good? 
As  the  woman  told  Alexander,  if  he  be  not  at  leisure  to  hear 
causes,  and  redress  them,  why  doth  he  raign  ?    ''Sextus  Em- 
pericus  hath  many  such  arguments.    Thus  perverse  men  cavil. 
So  it  will  ever  be,  some  of  all  sorts,  good,  bad,  indifierenJ, 
true,  false,  zealous,  ambodexters,  neutralists,  lukewarm,  liber- 
tines, atheists,  &c.     They  will  see   these  religious  sectaries 
agree  amongst  themselves,  be  reconciled  all,  before  they  Mill 
participate  with,  or  beleeve  any.     They  thinke  in  the  mean 
tinie,  (which  ^^  Celsus  objects,   and    mIjoui    Origen    confut(;s) 
tee  Christians  adore  a  person,  put  to  '^  death  with  no  more  reason 
then  the  barbarous  Getes  worshipped  Zamolvis,  the  Cilicians 
Mopsus,  the  Thebans  Amphiaraus,  and  the  Lcbadians  Tro- 
jihonius ;  one  religion  is  as  true  as  another ;  new  fang  led  de- 
vices, all  for  human  respects  ;  great  witted  Aristotles  works 
arc  as  nuich  authcntical  to  them  as  scriptures;  subtle  Senecas 
epistles  as  canonical  as  Saint  Pauls ;  Pindarus  Odes  as  good  as 
the  prophet  Davids  Psalms;  Epictetus  Enchiridion  equivalent 
to  wise  Solomons  Proverbs.     They  doe  openly   and  boldly 


»10de  legib.  Alii  negant  esse  Deos;  alii  Deos  non  curare  res  hnmanas  ;  alii  utraqiie 
conceduot.  ''  L\h.  H.  ad  niatht-ni.  '  Orijrines  contra  Celsuin  I.  li.  Hos 

immerito  nobiscurn  conftrri  fuse  derlarat.  ''  Crucifixnin  Deum  ignomiuiosc  Ln- 

ciainis,  (vila  |)cregrini)  Chriatura  vocat. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  I.]     Religious  Melancholy  in  Defect.         557 

speake  this  and  more,  some  of  them,  in  all  places  and  com- 
panies. ^  Claudius  the  emperour  was  angry  tcith  heaven,  because  • 
it  thunched,  and  challenged  Jupiter  into  the  field:  ivith  what 
madnesse  !  saith  Seneca :  he  thought  Jupiter  couldnot  hurt  him, 
but  he  could  hurt  Jupiter.  Diagoras,  Demonax,  Epicurus, 
Pliny,  Lucian,  Lucretius, 

contemptorque  DeAm  Mezentius, 

professed  atheists  all  in  their  times:  though  not  simple  atheists 
neither,  as  Cicogna  proves,  lib.  1.  cap.  1.  they  scoffed  onely 
at  those  Pagan  gods,  their  plurality,  base  and  fictitious  offices, 
Gilbertus  Cognatus  labours  much,  and  so  doth  Erasmus,  to 
vindicate  Lucian  from  scandall;  and  there  be  those  that  apo- 
logize for  Epicurus;  but  all  in  vain:  Lucian  scoffes  at  all ; 
Epicurus  he  denysall;and  Lucretius  his  scholler  defends  him 
in  it. 

^  Humana  ante  oculos  fcede  cum  vita  jaceret, 
In  terris  oppressa  gravi  cum  relligione, 
Quae  caput  a  coeli  regionibus  ostendebat, 
Horribili  super  aspectu  mortalibus  instans,  &c. 
When  humane  kinds  was  drencht  in  superstition, 
With  ghastly  lookes  aloft,  which  frighted  mortall  men,  &c. 
he  alone  as  another  Hercules,  did  vindicate  the  world  from 
that  monster.     Unkle  ^  Pliny,  lib.  2.  cap.  7.  nat.  hist,  et  lib.  7. 
cap.  5.  in  expresse  words,  denies  the  immortality  of  the  soule. 
'^  Seneca  doth  little  less,  lib.  7-  epist.  55.  ad  Lucilium  ;  et  lib. 
de   consol.    ad    Martiam,   or   rather   more.       Some   Greek 
commentators  would  put  as  much  upon  Job,  that  he  should 
denye  resurrection,  &c.  whom  Pineda  copiously  confutes  in 
cap.  7.  Job.  vers.  9.      Aristotle  is  hardly  censured  of  some, 
both  divines  and  philosophers.     S*.  Justin  in  ParcBneticd  ad 
gentes,  Greg.  Nazianzen,  in  disput.  adversus  Eun.  Theodoret. 
cap.   5.  de  curat.   Grcec.  affec.     Origeu.  lib.  de  principiis. 
Pomponatius  justifies  him  in  his  tract  (so  stiled  at  least)  De 
immortalitate  animce,  Scaliger,  (who  would  forswear  himself 
at  any  time,  saith  Patritius,  in  defence  of  his  great  master 
Aristotle)  and  Dandinus,  lib.   3.  de  animd,  acknowledge  as 
much.     Averroes  oppugnes  all  spirits  and  supreame  powers ; 
of  late  Brunus  {infoelix  ^rw^ws,  ^Kepler  cals  him)  Machiavel, 
CsBsar  Vaninus  lately  burned  at  Tolouse  in  France,  and  Pet. 
Aretine,  hath  publikely  maintained  such  atheistical  paradoxes, 


aDeiral6.  34.  Iratiis  coelo  quod  obstreperet,  ad  pugnam  vocans  Jovem;  quanta 
dementia  !  putavit  sibi  nocere  uon  posse,  et  se  nocere  tamen  Jovi  posse.  ^  Lib.  I.  1. 
c  Idem  status  post  mortem,  ac  fuit  anteqiiam  nasceremur :  et  Seneca  ;  Idem  erit  post 
me  quod  ante  me  fuit.  ^  Lucernse  eadeni  conditio  quura  exstinguitur  ac  fuit 

antequam  accenderetur ;  ita  et  hominis.  e  Dissert.  cura^EUnc  sider.  f  Cam- 

panella  cap.  18.  Atheism,  triurophat. 


558'  Relt/jfiout  Melanchohj.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

c.r  quo  infert  hand  posse  internosci,  quce  sit  verior  religioy 
Judfiica,  Mahometana,  an  Christiana,  quoniam  eadem  sirfna^ 
Sec.  *3Ianiuis  Marcennus  suspectes  Cardan  for  his  subtle- 
ties ;  Campanella,  and  Charons  book  of  Wisdome,  with 
some  other  tracts  to  savour  of  ''  atheisme  :  but  amono^st  the 
rest,  that  pestilent  book  do  trihns  mundi  impostoribus,  quem 
sine  Jtorrore  (inquit)  non  Icr/ns  ;  et  mundi  Ci/mbahnn  dialogis 
qnatuor  contentum,  Anno  1538,  anctore  Peresio,  Parisiis  ex- 
cusum",  Sfc.  And  as  there  have  been  in  all  ages  such  blas- 
phemous spirits,  so  there  have  not  been  wanting  their  patrons, 
protectors,  disciples  and  adherents.  Never  so  many  atheists 
m  Italy  and  Germany,  saith  '^Colerus,  as  in  this  age:  the  like 
complaint  Marcennus  makes  in  France,  50000  in  that  one 
citie  of  Paris.  Frederick  the  emperour,  as  ^  Matthew  Paris 
records,  licet  non  sit  recitabile  (I  use  his  own  words)  is 
reported  to  have  said,  Tres  prcestifjiatores,  Moses,  ChristuSf 
et  Jllahomet,  uti  mundo  dominarentur  totnm  popiiluni  sibi 
contemporanenm  srduxisse.  (Henry  the  Lansgrave  of  Hessen 
beard  him  speak  it;)  Si  principes  imperii  institntioni  mex 
adhwrerenf,  ego  viulto  meliorem  modum  credendi  et  vivendi 
or  dinar  em. 

To  these  professed  atheists  we  may  well  add  that  impious  and 
carnal  crew  ofworldly-minded men,  impenitent  sinners,  thatgo 
to  hell  in  a  letharg-y,  or  in  a  dream;  who  though  they  be  pro- 
fessed Christians,  yet  they  will  nvUd  pallescere  culpa,  make  a 
conscience  of  nothing  they  doe ;  they  have  cauterized  con- 
sciences, and  are  indeed  in  a  reprobate  sense, past  all  J'eeling, 
have  gii:en  themselves  over  to  icantonness,  to  work  all  manner  oj' 
uncleanness  even  with  greediness,  Ephes.  4. 19.  They  doe  know 
there  is  a  God,  a  day  of  judgement  to  come,  and  yet  for  all 
that,  as  Hugosaith,  ita  comeduntac  doimiunt,  ac  si  diem  judicii 
evasissent ;  ita  ludunt  ac  rident,  ac  in  coeliscum  Deo  regnarent; 
they  are  as  merry  for  all  the  sorrow,  as  if  they  bad  escaped  all 
dangers,  and  were  in  heaven  already : 


-f  raetus  omnes,  et  inexorabile  fatum 


Subjecit  pedibus,  strepitumque  Acherontis  avari. 

Those  rude  idiots  and  ignorant  persons,  that  neglect  and  con- 
temne  the  meanes  of  their  sal  vatione,  may  march  on  with  these; 
but,  above  all  others,  those  Herodian  temporizing  statesmen, 
politick  Machiavelians  and  hypocrites,  that  make  a  shew  of 


'Comment,  in  Grenes.  cap.  7.  *>  So  that  a  man  may  meet  an  atheist  as  soon  in 

hia  study  as  in  the  street.  c  Simonis  religio  incerto  auctore.  Craconiae,  edit  1588. 

Conclasio  libri  est,  Ede  itaqae,  bibe,  lade,  &c.     Jam  Deus  figmentum  est.  ^Lib. 

de  immortal,  animae.  e  Pag.  645.  an.  1238.  ad  fiaem  Henrici  tertii.  Idem 

Pirtcriua  pag.  743.  in  compilat.  8u4.  'Virg. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  1.]     Religious  Melancholy  in  Defect.       559 

relig-ion,  but  in  their  hearts  laugh  at  it.  Simulata  sanctitas 
duplex  iniquitas ;  they  are  in  a  double  fault,  that  fashion 
themselves  to  this  loorld,  which  ^  Paul  forbids,  and  like  Mer- 
cury the  planet,  are  good  with  good,  bad  with  bad.  When 
they  are  at  Rome,  they  doe  there  as  they  see  done;  Puritans 
with  Puritans,  Papists  with  Papists;  omnium  horarum,  homines^ 
Formalists,  Ambodexters,  lukewarm  Laodiceans.  ''All  their 
study  is  to  please,  and  their  god  is  their  commodity,  their  la- 
bour to  satisfie  their  lusts,  and  their  endeavours  to  their  owne 
ends.  Whatsoever  they  pretend,  or  in  publike  seem  to  doe, 
^  With  thefoole  in  their  hearts,  they  say  there  is  no  God. 

Haus  tu de  Jove  quid  sentis  ? 

Their  words  are  as  soft  as  oyl,  but  bitterness  is  in  their  hearts, 
like  «*  Alexander  the  sixth  so  cunningly  dissemblers,  that  what 
they  think  they  never  speake.  Many  of  them  are  so  close 
you  can  hardly  discern  it,  or  take  any  just  exceptions  at 
them ;  they  are  not  factious,  oppressours  as  most  are,  no 
bribers,  no  simoniacal  contractors,  no  such  ambitious,  lascivious 
persons  as  some  others  are ;  no  drunkards,  sobrii  solem  vident 
orientem,  sobrii  vident  occidentem ;  they  rise  sober  and  go 
sober  to  bed  ;  plain  dealing-,  upright  honest  men  ;  they  doe 
wrong  to  no  man,  and  are  so  reputed  (in  the  worlds  esteem  at 
least)  very  zealous  in  religion,  very  charitable,  meek,  humble, 
peace-makers,  keep  all  duties,  very  devout,  honest,  well  spoken 
of,  beloved  of  all  men  ;  but  he  that  knowes  better  how  to 
judge,  he  that  examines  the  heart,  saith  they  are  hypocrites; 
cor  dolo  plenum  ;  sonant  vitium  percussa  maligne,  they  are  not 
sound  within.  As  it  is  with  writers  « oftentimes,  jo/ms  sancti- 
moniiB  in  libello,  quam  libelli  auctore,  more  holiness  is  in  the 
book  then  in  the  author  of  it :  so  'tis  with  them  ;  many  come 
to  church  with  great  bibles,  whom  Cardan  said  he  could  not 
choose  but  laugh  at;  and  will  now  and  then  dare  operamAu- 
gustino,  reade  Austin,  frequent  sermons,  and  yet  professed 
usurers,  meer  gripes,  tota  vitce  ratio  Epicurea  est ;  all  their 
life  is  epicurisme  and  atheisme,  come  to  church  all  day,  and 
lye  with  a  curtisan  at  night. 

Qui  Curios  simulant  et  Bacchanalia  vivunt, 

They  have  Esaus  hands,  and  Jacobs  voyce.  Yea,  and  many 
of  those  holy  fryers,  sanctified  men ;  cappam,  saith  Hierome, 
€t  cilicium  induunt^  sed  intus  latronem  tegunt.  They  are 
wolves  in  sheeps  clothing, 

Introrsum  turpes,  speciosi  pelle  decor^, 


*  Rom.  12.  2.  *>  Omnis'Aristippum  decoit  color,  et  status,  et  res, 

Psal.  14.  I.  d  Gnicciardine*  "  ^  Erasmus. 


560  Religious  Melancholy.         [Parf.  3.  Sec.  4. 

Fairo  witliout,  and  most  foule  within.  ^  Lntet  plerumqne  siih 
trUti  aimctu  laschia,  ef  deformU  horror  viH  vesfe  tcrptnr ; 
oft-linies  under  a  inourniniJ'  weed  lyes  lust  it  self,  and  horrible 
vices  under  a  poor  coat.  But  who  can  examine  all  those  kindes 
of  hypocrites,  or  dive  into  their  hearts?  if  we  may  guess  at 
the  tree  by  the  fruit,  never  so  many  as  in  these  dayes;  shew 
me  a'plain  dealing  true  honest  man:  Et pndnr,  et  probitas,  et 
timor  oninis  abcst.  He  that  shall  but  look  into  their  lives,  and 
see  such  enormous  vices,  men  so  immoderate  in  lust,  unspeak- 
able in  malice,  furious  in  their  rage,  flattering  and  dissembling- 
(all  for  their  own  ends)  will  surely  think  they  are  not  truly 
religious,  but  of  an  obdurate  heart,  most  part  in  a  reprobate 
sense,  as  in  this  age.  But  let  them  carry  it  as  they  will  for 
the  present,  dissemble  as  they  can,  a  time  will  come  when  they 
shall  be  called  to  an  account,  their  melancholy  is  at  hand, 
they  pull  a  plague  and  curse  upon  their  heads,  thesauri satit 
iram  Dei.  Besides,  all  such  as  are  in  Dcos  contumeliosi,  blas- 
pheme, contemne,  neglect  God,  or  scotfe  at  him,  as  the  poets 
fain  of  Salmoneus,  that  would  in  derision  imitate  Jupiters 
thunder,  he  was  precipitated  for  his  pains,  Jupiter  intomiit 
contra,  cSj-c.  so  shall  they  certainly  rue  it  in  the  end,  (^  in  se 
spuit,  (jai  in  ecchim  spidt)  their  doome's  at  hand,  and  hell  is 
ready  to  receive  them. 

Some  are  of  opinion,  that  it  is  in  vain  to  dispute  with  such 
atheistical  spirits  in  the  mean  time;  'tis  not  the  best  way  to  re- 
claime  them.  Atheisme,  idolatry,  heresie,  hypocrisie,  though 
they  have  one  common  root,  that  is  indulgence  to  corrupt  affec- 
tion, yet  their  growth  is  different;  they  have  divers  symptomes, 
occasions,  and  must  have  several  cures  and  remedies.  'Tistrue, 
some  denye  there  is  any  God;  some  confess,  yet  beleeve  it  not; 
a  third  sort  confess  and  beleeve,  but  will  not  live  after  his  lawes, 
worship  and  obey  him.  Others  allow  God,  and  Gods  subor- 
dinate, but  not  one  God,  no  such  general  God,  7ion  taleni 
Deinn,  but  several  topick  gods  for  several  places  ;  and  those, 
not  to  persecute  one  another  for  any  differences,  as  Socinus 
will,  rather  love  and  cherish. 

To  describe  them  in  particular,  to  produce  their  arguments 
and  reasons,  would  require  a  just  volume;  Irefer  them  there- 
fore, that  expect  a  more  ample  satisfaction,  to  those  subtile 
and  elaborate  treatises,  devout  and  famoustracts  of  our  learned 
divines  (schoolmen  amongst  the  rest,  and  casuists)  (hat  have 
abundance  of  reasons  to  prove  there  is  a  God,  the  immortality 
of  the  soule,&c.  out  of  the  strength  of  wit  and  philosophy  bring 
irrefragable  arguments  to  such  as  arc  ingenious  and  well  dis- 
posed; at  the  least,  answer  all  cavils  and  objections  to  confute 

»  Hierom.  ''Senec.  codsoI.  a<J  Polyb.  ca.  21 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  2.]         Despairs  Defmition.  561 

their  folly  and  madnesse,  and  to  reduce  them,  si/i€ripossunt,ad 
sanam  mentern,  to  a  better  minde,  though  to  small  purpose 
many  times.  Amongst  others,  consult  with  Julius  Csesar  La- 
galla,  professour  of  philosophy  in  Rome,  who  hath  written  a 
large  volume  of  late,  to  confute  atheists:  of  the  immortality 
of  the  soule,  Hierome  :  Montanus  de  hnmortalitate  anlmcE  : 
Lelius  Vincentius  of  the  same  subject :  Thomas  Giarainus,  and 
Franciscus  Collins  de  Par/anorum  animabus  post  mortem,  a 
famous  doctour  of  the  Aml3rosian  colledge  in  Millain.  Bishop 
Fotherby,  in  his  Atheomastix,  Doctor  Dove,  Doctor  Jackson, 
Abernethy,  Corderoy,  have  written  w  ell  of  this  subject  in  our 
mother  tongue:  In  Latine,  Colerus,  Zanchius,  Paleareus,  Illy- 
ricus,  '^Philippus,  Faber  Faventinus,  &c.  But  mstar  omnium, 
the  most  copious  confuter  of  atheists,  is  Marinus  Marcennus 
in  his  Commentaries  on  Genesis,  ^  with  Campanellas  ^the- 
isynus  Triumphatus.  He  sets  down  at  large  the  causes  of  this 
brutish  passion  (seventeen  in  number  I  take  it)  answers  all 
their  arguments  and  sophismes,  which  he  reduceth  to  twenty 
six  heads,  proving  withall  his  own  assertion  :  There  is  a  God, 
sncJi  a  God,  the  true  and  sole  God,  by  35  reasons.  His  Colo- 
phon is  how  to  resist  and  represse  atheisme,  and  to  that  purpose 
he  adds  four  especial  meanes  or  wayes,  which  who  so  will 
may  profitably  peruse. 


SUBSECT.  n. 

DESPAIR. 

DespaireSf  ^Equivocations,  Dejinitioiis,  parties  and  parts 
affected. 

A  HERE  be  many  kindes  of  desperation,  whereof  some  be 
holy,  some  unholy,  as  "^one  distinguisheth  ;  that  unholy  he 
defines  out  of  Tully,  to  be  af/riiudinem  animi  sine  ulld  rerum 
expectatione  meliore,  a  sickness  of  the  soule  without  any  hope 
or  expectation  of  amendment:  which  commonly  succeeds  fear; 
for  whilst  evil  is  expected,  we  fear;  but  when  it  is  certain,  we 
despair.  According  to  Thomas  2.  2cb.  distinct.  40.  art.  4.  it  is 
recessus  a  re  desiderata,  propter  impossibilitatem  existimatam, 
a  restraint  from  the  thing  desired,  for  some  impossibility  sup- 
posed. Because  they  cannot  obtain  what  they  would,  they 
become  desperate,  and  many  times  either  yeeld  to  the  passion 

a Dispnt.  4.  philosophia;  atlver.  atheos.  Venetiis  1627.  quarto.  ''Edit. 

Romse  fol.  1631.  =  Abernethy  c.  24.  of  his  physick  of  the  soule. 

VOL.  U.  O  O 


o()2  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

by  (loath  it  selfe;  or  else  attempt  impossibilities,  not  to  be  per- 
fonnoil  by  men.  In  some  cases,  this  desperate  humour  is  not 
much  to  be  discommendetl,as  in  wars  it  is  a  cause,  many  times, 
of  extraordinary  valour;  asJjseph.  lib.  1.  de  belloJud.  cap.  14. 
L.  Danceus  in  Aphoris.  pniit.  par/.  22G.  and  many  politicians 
hold.  It  makes  them  improve  their  m  orth  beyond  it  selfe, 
and  of  a  forlorne  impotent  company  become  conquerors  in  a 
moment. 

Una  salus  victis,  nullam  sperare  saliitcm. 

In  such  courses  when  they  see  no  remedy,  but  tliat  they  must 
either  kill  or  l)e  killed,  they  take  courage,  and  often  times, 
prceter  spem,  beyond  all  hope,  vindicate  themselves.  Fifteen 
thousand  Locrenses  fought  ag-alnsta  hundred  thousand  Croto- 
nienses,  and  seeing  now  no  way  but  one,  tliey  must  all  dye, 
*  thought  they  would  not  depart  unrevenged,  and  thereupon 
desperately  giving- an  assault,  conquered  Iheir  enemies.  Nee 
alia  cnnm  victor icv  (saitli  Justine  mine  authour)  qnam  qnod 
desperarerant .  M^illiam  tlie  Conquerour,  when  he  first  landed 
in  England,  sent  back  his  ships,  that  his  souldiers might  have 
no  hope  of  retyring  back.  *^Bodine  excuseth  his  countrymens 
overthrow  at  that  famous  battel  at  Agencourt,  in  Henry  the 
Fifth  his  time,  (cni  simile,  saith  Frossard,  ^o^a  historia  prodn- 
cere  nan  possit,  which  no  history  can  parallel  almost,  wherein 
one  handful  of  Englishmen  overthrew  a  royal  army  of  French- 
men) with  this  refuge  of  despair,  pauci  desperati,  a  ^ew  de- 
sperate fellows  being  compassed  in  by  their  enemies,  past  all 
liope  of  life,  fought  like  so  many  divels;  and  gives  a  caution, 
that  no  souldiers  hereafter  set  upon  desperate  persons,  which 
<^ after  Frontinus  and  Vigetius,  Guicciardine  likewise  admo- 
nisheth  Hypomnes.  part.  2.  pag.  25.  not  to  stop  an  enemy 
that  is  going  his  way.  Many  such  kindes  there  are  of  de- 
speration, when  men  are  past  hope  of  obtaining  any  suit,  or  in 
despair  of  better  fortune  ;  desperatio  facit  monackum,  as  the 
saying  is,  and  desperation  causeth  death  it  selfe.  How  many 
thousands,  in  such  distress,  have  made  away  themselves,  and 
many  others  !  For  he  that  cares  not  for  his  owne,  is  master  of 
another  mans  life.  A  Tuscan  soothsayer,  as  '^Paterculus  tels 
the  story,  perceiving  himself  and  Fulvius  Flaccus  his  deare 
friend,  now  both  carryed  to  prison  by  Opimius,  and  in  despair 
of  pardon,  seeing  the  yong  man  weep,  r/wj;?  tri  potiiis  /<oc, 
inqnit,facis,  doe  as  I  doe ;  and  with  that  knockt  out  his  braines 


»  Omissa  gpe  victoriae  in  destinatam   mortem  conspirant,  tantasque  ardor  singiilos 

cppit,  ut  victores  se  pntarent,  si  non  iniilti  morerentur.  Justin.  I.  20.  ^  Method, 

hist.  cap.  5.               c  Hosti  abire  volenti  itpr  ininiine  interscindas,  &c.  ''Poster. 

Tonm 


Mem.  2.  Sabs.  2.]  Despairs  Dejinklon.  563 

ao-ainst  the  door  cheek,  as  he  was  entring-  into  prison  ;  pro- 
tinusque  illiso  capite  in  carceris  januam  effuso  cerebro  expl- 
ravit,  and  so  desperately  died.  But  these  are  equivocall,  im- 
proper. When  I  speak  of  despair,  saith  ^Zruicliie,  I  speuke 
not  of  ever ij  kinde,  but  of  that  alone  which  concerns  God.  It 
is  opposite  to  hope,  and  a  most  pernicious  sin,  ivherewith  the 
divel  seeks  to  entrap  men.  Muscnius  makes  four  kindes  of 
desperation  ;  of  God,  our  selves,  our  neighbour,  or  any  thing- 
to  be  done;  but  this  division  of  his  may  be  reduced  easily 
to  the  former  ;  all  kindes  are  opposite  to  hope,  that  sweet  mo- 
derator of  passions,  as  Simonides  cals  it;  1  do  not  mean  that 
vain  hope  which  phantastical  fellows  fein  to  themselves,  which 
accordinsf  Jo  Aristolle  is  insomnium  vigilantinm,  a  waking- 
dream;  but  this  divine  hope  which  proceeds  from  confidence, 
and  is  an  anchor  to  a  floating-  scale ;  spes  alit  aaricofas,  even  in 
our  temporal  affairs:,  hope  revives  us,  but  in  spiritual  it  farther 
animateth;  and  were  it  not  for  hope,  ice  of  all  others  icere 
the  most  miserable,  as  Paul  saith,  in  this  life  ;  were  it  not  for 
hope,  the  heart  would  breako  ;  for  though  theg  he  punished, 
in  the  sight  of  men,  (\yisdom  3.  4.)  yei  la  their  hope  full 
of  immortality :  yet  doth  it  not  so  rearo,  as  despair  doth  deject; 
this  violent  and  sour  passion  of  despair,  is  of  all  perturbations 
most  grievous,  as  ''Patritius  holds.  .Some  divide  it  into  finall 
and  temporall;  '^finall  is  incurable,  which  befalleth  reprobates; 
temporall  is  a  rejection  of  hope  and  comfort  for  a  time,  which 
may  befal  the  best  of  Gods  children ;  and  it  commonly  proceeds 
^from  weakness  of  faith,  as  in  David,  when  he  vvas  oppressed 
he  cryed  out,  O  Lord,  thou  hast  forsaken  me,  but  this  for  a 
time.  This  ebbes  and  flowes  M'ith  hope  and  feare;  it  is  a  grie- 
vous sin  howsoever :  although  some  kinde  of  despair  be  not 
amiss,  when,  saith  Zanchius,  we  despair  of  our  own  meanes, 
and  rely  wholly  upon  God  :  but  that  species  is  not  here  meant. 
This  pernicious  kinde  of  desperation  is  the  subject  of  our  dis- 
course, homicida  animce,  the  murderer  of  the  soule,  as  Austin 
terms  it;  a  fearful  passion,  wherein  the  parly  oppressed  thinks 
he  can  get  no  ease  but  by  death,  and  is  fully  resolved  to  offer 
violence  unto  himself;  so  sensible  of  his  burthen,  and  impa- 
tient of  his  cross,  that  he  hopes  by  death  alone  to  be  freed  of 
his  calamity  (though  it  prove  otherwise)  a  nd  chuseth  with  Job.  6". 
8.  9.  &  7.  15.  rather  to  be  strangled  and  die,  then  to  be  in  his 
bonds.  ^The  part  affected  is  the  whole  soule,  and  all  the  fa- 
culties of  it;  there  is  a  privation  of  joye,  hope,  trust,  confi- 

*  Super  prasceptum  primiim  de  Reli^;.  et  partibus  ejus.  Non  loquor  de  omni  de- 
speratione,  sed  tantum  de  ea  qua  desperare  soIent  homines  de  Deo  ;  opponitur  spei,  et 
est  peccatum  gravissirauiu,  &c.  ^  Lib.  5.  tit.  21.  de  regis  institut.     Omniam 

perturbationum  deterrima.  «=  Reprobi  usque  ad  fineni  pertiuaciter  persistuut. 

Zanchius.  <*  Vitium  ab  infidelitate  proficiscens.  «  Abernethy. 

o  o  2 


r)C)^  ReUyious  Melaneholy,         [Part.  S.  Sec.  4. 

dence,  of  present  and  future  good,  and  in  their  place  succeed 
feare,  sorrow,  he.  as  in  the  syniptomes  shall  be  shewed.  The 
heart  is  grieved,  the  conscience  wounded,  the  mind  eclypsed 
with  black  fumes  arising-  from  those  ])erpetual  terrours' 

SUBSECT.   III. 

Causes  of  Despair.  The  divel,  melanchoft/,  meditation,  distrust^ 
weakness  of  faith,  rif/id  ministers,  misunderstandiuff  Scrip- 
tures, guilt jj  consciences,  S-c. 

A  HE  principal  agent  and  procurer  of  this  mischief,  is  the 
divel ;  those  whom  God  forsakes,  the  divel  by  his  permis- 
sion laves  hold  on.     Sometimes  he  persecutes  them  with  that 
worme  of  conscience,  as  he  did  Judas,  ^  Saul,  and  others.     The 
poets  call  it  Nemesis  ;  but  it  is  indeed  Gods  just  judgement, 
sero  sed  serio,  he  strikes  home  at  last,  and  setteth  upon  them 
as  a  thief  in  the  nifjht,  1  Thes.  5.2.     ''  This  temporary  passion 
made  David  crye  out,  Lord,  rebuke  me  not  in  thine  anger,  nei- 
ther chasten  me  in  thine  heavy  displeasure ;  for  thine  arrowes 
have  light  upon  mee,  S-c.     There  is  notliing  sound  in  my  flesh, 
because  of  thine  anger.     Again,  /  roarefor  the  very  grief  of 
my  heart ;  and  Psalmc  2*2.  My  God,  my  God,  u'hy  hast  thou 
forsaken  mee,  and  art  so  far  from  my  health,  and  the  words  of 
my  crying  ?  14.  /  am  like  to  water  poured  out,  my  bones  are 
out  of  joy nt,  mine  heart  is  like  wa.ve,  that  is  molten  in  the  midst 
of  my  bowels.     SoPsal.  88. 15  and  16.  vers,  and  Psal.  102.  / 
am  in  misery  at  the  point  of  death,  from  my  youth  I  suffer  thy 
terrours,  doubting  for  my  life ;  thine  indignations  have  gone 
over  mee,  and  thy  feare  hath  cut  mee  off.      Job  doth  often 
complain  in  this  kinde;   and  those  God  doth  not  assist,  the 
divel  is  ready  to  try  and  torment,  still  seeking  whom  he  may 
devoure.     Ifhefinde  them   merry,   saith  Gregory,  he  tempts 
forthwith  to  some  dissolute  act ;  if  pensive  and  sad,  to  a  de- 
sperate end.   Aut  suadendo  blanditnr, ant  niinando  terret,  some- 
times by  faire  meanes,  sometimes  again  by  foule,  as  he  perceives 
men  severally  inclined.     His  ordinary  engin  by  which  he  pro- 
duceth  this  efl'ect,  is  the  melancholy  humour  it  self,  which  is 
balneum  diaboli,  the  divels  bath  ;  and  as  in  Saul,  those  evil 
spirits  get  in  '  as  it  were,  and  take  ])Ossession  of  us.      Black 
choler  is  a  shooing-horn,  a  bait  to  allure  them,  in  so  much  that 
many  writers  make  melancholy  an  ordinary  cause,  and  a_sym- 
ptome  of  despair,  for  that  such  men  are  most  apt  (by  reason 
of  their  ill-disposed  temper)  to  distrust,  feare,  griefe;  mistake, 

»lSam.  2.  IG.  ''Psal.  3S.  £ Immiscent  se  mali  genii,  Lem- 

lib.  1.  cap.  16. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.]         Despair  his  Causes.  565 

andamplifie  whatsoeverthey  preposterously  conceive, or  falsely 
apprehend.  Conscientia  scrvpulosa  nascitur  ex  vitio  naturaliy 
complexione  melancholicd  (saith  Navarrus  cap.  27.  num.  282. 
Tom.  2.  cas.  conscieii.)  The  body  works  upon  the  minde,  by 
obfuscating  the  spirits  and  corrupted  instruments,  which 
•'Perkins  illustrates  by  simile  of  an  artificer,  that  hath  a  bad 
toole,  his  skill  is  good,  ability  correspondent;  by  reason  of  ill 
tooles  his  work  must  needs  be  lame  and  unperfect.  But  melan- 
choly and  despair  though  often,  doe  not  alwaies  concur  ;  there 
is  much  difference  ;  melancholy  fears  without  a  cause,  this  up- 
on great  occasion  ;  melancholy  is  caused  by  feare  and  griefe, 
but  this  torment  procures  them  all  extremity  of  bitterness ; 
much  melancholy  is  without  affliction  of  conscience,  as** Bright 
and  Perkins  illustrate  by  foure  reasons  ;  and  yet  melancholy 
alone  again  may  be  sometimes  a  sufficient  cause  of  this  terrour 
of  conscience.  *^  Felix  Plater  so  found  it  in  his  observations, 
e  melancholicis  alii  damnatos  se  putant,  Deo  curce  7ion  suntf 
nee  prcedestinati,  Sfc.  They  think  they  are  riot  predestinate^ 
God  hath  forsaken  them  ;  and  yet  otherwise  very  zealous  and 
religious  ;  and  'tis  common  to  be  seen,  melancholy  for  feare 
of  Gods  judgement  and  hell  fire ^  drives  men  to  desperation  ; 
feare  and  sorrow,  if  they  he  immoderate,  end  often  tvith  it ; 
Intolerable  pain  and  anguish,  long  sickness,  captivity,  misery, 
loss  of  goods,  loss  of  friends,  and  those  lesser  griefs  do  some- 
times effect  it,  or  such  dismal  accidents.  Si  non  statiin  relevan- 
tur,  saith  '^Marcennus,  duhitaut  an  sit  Deus,  if  they  be  not 
eased  forthwith,  they  doubt  whether  there  be  any  God ;  they 
rave,  curse,  and  are  desperately  mad,  because  good  men  are 
oppressed,  wicked  men  flourish  ;  they  have  not  as  they  think  to 
their  deserts,  and  through  impatience  of  calamities  are  so  mis- 
affected.  Democritus  put  out  his  eys,  ne  malorum  civium 
prosper  OS  videret  successus,  because  he  could  not  abide  to  see 
wicked  men  prosper,  and  was  therefore  ready  to  make  away 
himself,  as  ^  Agellius  writes  of  him.  Felix  Plater  hath  a  me- 
morable example  in  this  kinde,  of  a  painters  wife  in  Basil, 
that  was  melancholy  for  her  sons  death,  and  for  melancholy  be- 
came desperate,  she  thought  God  would  not  pardon  her  sins, 
^  and  for  foure  months,  still  raved,  that  she  was  in  hell  fire, 
already  damned.  When  the  humour  is  stirred  up,  every 
small  object  aggravates  and  incenseth  it,  as  the  parties  are  ad- 


a  Cases  of  conscience,  1.  1.16.  b  Tract  Melan.rcap.  33  et  34.  c  C.  3. 

de  mentis  alien.  Deo  minus  se  curaa  esse,  nee  ad  sahitem  prsedestinatos  esse.  Ad  de- 
sperationem  sdepe  ducit  hsec  melancholia,  et  est  frequentissima  ob  supplicii  metnm  aeter- 
numque  judicium  ;  moeror  et  metus  in  desperationem  plerumqne  desinnnt.  <i  Com- 

ment, in  1.  cap.  gen.  artic.  3.  Quia  impii  tiorent,  boni  opprimuntur,  8ic.  alius  ex  con- 
sideratione  hujus  seria  desperabundus.  «Lib.  20.  c.  27.  fDamnatam  se 

pntavit,  et  per  quatuor  menses  gehenna;  pccnam  sentire. 


56G  lieliyioua  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

(licfod.  •''  The  same  authour  hath  an  example  of  a  merchant 
nr.m,  thni  tor  the  loss  ofa  little  wheat,  which  he  had  over  lon<r 
k'  |)t,  was  troubled  in  conscience,  for  that  he  had  not  sold  it 
sooner,  or  given  it  to  the  poor;  yet  a  good  scholler  and  a  great 
divine  :  no  perswasion  would  serve  to  the  contrary,  but  that 
for  this  fact  he  was  danuied  ;  in  other  matters  very  judicious 
and  discreet.  Solitariness,  much  fasting-,  divine  meditations, 
and  contemplations  of  Gods  judgements,  most  part  accompany 
this  melancholy,  and  are  main  causes,  as  ^Navarrus  holds;  to 
converse  Mith  such  kindes  of  persons  so  troubled,  is  sufficient 
occasion  of  trouble  to  some  men.  NonnulU  oh  loncjas  inedias, 
stndki  et  meditationes  cfelestes,  de  rehus  sucris  et  religione 
semper  agitant,  &,-c.  Many  (saith  P.  Forestus)  through  long- 
fasting-,  serious  meditations  of  heavenly  things,  fall  into  such 
fits,  and  as  Lemnius  addes,  lib.  4-  cap.  21.  "  If  they  he  so- 
litary given,  superstitious,  precise,  or  very  devout:  seldome 
shall  you  Jlnde  a  merchant,  a  souldier,  an  inn-keeper,  a  haicde, 
an  host,  an  usurer  so  troubled  in  niinde ;  they  have  cheverel 
consciences  that  will  stretch,  they  are  seldome  moved  in  this 
kinde  or  molested  ;  yony  men  and  middle  aye  are  more  wild, 
and  less  apprehensive  ;  hut  oldj'olkes,  most  part,  such  as  are 
timorous  and  reliyiously  yiven.  Pet.  Forestus  observat.  lib. 
10.  cap.  12.  de  morbis  cerebri,  hath  a  fearful  example  ofa 
minister,  that  through  precise  fastings  in  Lent,  and  overmuch 
meditation  contracted  tliis  mischief,  and  in  the  end  became 
desperate,  thought  he  saw  divels  in  his  chamber,  and  that  he 
could  not  be  saved ;  he  smelled  nothing,  as  he  said,  but  fire  and 
brimstone,  was  already  in  hell,  and  Mould  ask  them  still,  if  they 
did  not  ^sinel  as  much.  I  told  him  he  was  melancholy  ;  but 
he  laughed  me  to  scorn,  and  replied  that  he  saw  divels,  talked 
Avith  tlieni  in  good  earnest,  would  spit  in  my  face,  and  ask 
me  if  1  did  not  smel  brimstone ;  but  at  last  he  was  by  him 
<'ured.  Such  another  story  1  finde  in  Plater  observat.  lib.  1. 
^\  po(U-  fellow  had  done  some  i'oule  offence,  and  for  fourteen 
dayes  would  eat  no  meat,  in  the  end  became  desperate;  the 
divines  ahout  him  could  not  er:se  him,  "^but  so  he  died.  Con- 
tinual meditations  ofCjodsjudgenjents  troubles  many,  3/?//// oA 
timomnj'uluri  jiididi,  saith  Guatinerius,  cap.  r^.  tract.  J  5.  el 
snspicionem  desperahnndi  sunt:  David  himself  complains  that 
Gods  judgementsterrified  hissoule,  Psal.  119.  part.  15.  vers.  8. 


»  lafifi.  Ohtriiicnm  diutiiis  servjifum  conscieDtiaestimtilisagitatiir,  &:c.  J'Tom.  "J. 

c.  27.  num.  'Js--'.     Conversatiocuni  scriipulosis,  vigilia-,  jcjiinia.  ^Solitarios  et  sn- 

|iprstitiosos  pleruiiiiiue  exaijitat  consciintia,  mm  uieicatores,  lenonos,  caiipones,  ficrnp. 
ralores,  K:c.  largioreiii  hi  nacti  sunt  coiiscit-nliam.  Jtivenes  pli-niiiuiiie  conscipiitiani 
ni-gligunt,  seiies  aiitem,  8tc.  ^  Aunoii  x'-iilig  sulpliiir'!'  inqiiit.  *  Des(»t?- 

ttiliumliiK  iniit^i*  periit. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.]  Despair  his  Causes.  567 

My  Jlesh  tremhleth  for  fear  e  of  thee,  and  I  am  affraid  of  thy 
judgements.  Quoties  diem  ilium  cogito  (saith  ^Hierome)  toto 
corpore  cotitremisco,  I  tremble  as  often  as  I  think  of  it.  The 
terrible  meditation  of  hell-fire  and  eternal  punishment  much 
torments  a  sinful  silly  soule.  What's  a  thousand  yeers  to 
eternity  ?  Ubi  moeror,  ubi  feiiis,  nbi  dolor  sempiternus  ;  mors 
sine  morte,  finis  sine Jine ;  a  iinger  burnt  by  chance  we  may  not 
endure  ;  the  pain  is  so  grievous,  we  may  not  abide  an  hour;  a 
nig-ht  is  intolerable;  and  what  shall  this  unspeakable  fire  then 
be  that  burns  for  ever,  innumerable  infinite  millions  of  yeers, 
hi  omne  cevitm,  in  ceteinum !     O  eternity  ! 

b^ternitas  est  ilia  vox, 

Vox  ilia  fulminatrix, 
Tonitruis  minacior, 

Fragoribusque  cceli. 
^ternitas  est  ilia  vox, 

raeta  carers  et  ortu,  &c. 

Tormenta  nulla  territant, 

Quse  finiuntur  annis ; 
iEternitas,  aeternitas 

Versat  coquitque  pectus, 
Auget  hscc  pt£iias  indies, 

Centuplicatque  flammas,  &c. 

This  meditation  terrifies  these  poor  distressed  soules,  espe- 
cially if  their  bodies  be  predisposed  by  melancholy,  they  reli- 
giously given,  and  have  tenderconsciences;  every  small  object 
affrights  them;  the  very  inconsiderate  reading  of  scripture  it 
selfe,  and  mis-interpretation  of  some  places  of  it,  as,  Man?/ 
are  called,  feio  are  chosen.  JVot  every  one  that  saith  Lord. 
JFeare  not  little  focke.  He  that  stands,  let  him  take  heed  lest 
he  fall.  Work  out  your  salvation  with  feare  ayid  trembling. 
That  night  two  shall  be  in  a  bed,  one  received,  the  other  left. 
Straight  is  the  tvay  that  leads  to  heathen,  and  few  there  be 
that  enter  therein.  The  parable  of  the  seed  and  of  the  sower, 
some  fell  on  barren  ground,  some  was  choked.  Whom  he 
hath  predestinated  he  hath  chosen.  He  will  have  mercy  on 
whom  he  tvill  have  mercy.  JVon  est  volentis  nee  cnrretitis, 
sed  miserentis  Dei.  These  and  the  like  places  terrifie  the 
soules  of  many  ;  election,  predestination,  reprobation,  prepos- 
terously conceived  offend  divers,  with  a  deal  of  foolish  pre- 
sumption, curiosity,  needless  speculation,  contemplation,  sol- 


a  In  17.  Johannis.  Non  pauci  se  cruciant,  et  excarnificant  in  tanfum,  ut  non  param 
absint  ab  insania  ;  neque  tamen  aiiiid  hac  mentis  anxietate  elliciiint,  qnam  iit  diabolo 
potestateni  faciunt  ijisos  per  despeiationeni  ad  inferos  producendi.   ,  ''  Drexelins 

Nicet.  lib.  2.  cap.  11. 


5C8  Reliffious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

licidide,  wherein  they  trouble  ami  piizle  themselvesaboxir  those 
<|uestioiis  of  j>race,  free-vviil,  perscveraure,  Gods  secreis;  (|jey 
v>\\\  know  more  than  is  revealed  by  God  in  his  word,  iiumane 
capacity,  or  ignorance  can  apprehend  ;  and  too  importunate 
en({uiry  after  that  which  is  revealed  ;  mysteries,  ceremonies, 
observation  of  sabbaths,  lawes,  duties,  &c.  with  many  such 
which  the  casuists  discuss,  and  schoolmeij  broach;  which 
divers  mistake,  misconstrue,  misapply  to  tliemselves,  to  their 
own  undoing-,  and  so  fall  into  this  gulfe.  Tliey  donht  of  their 
eJecfioti,  how  then  shall  knoio  it,  by  ichat  aiynes.  And  so  Jar 
J'orth,  saith  Luther,  tcith  such  nice  points^  torture  and  cruci- 
jie  themselves,  that  they  are  almost  mad ;  and  all  they  qet 
by  it  is  this,  they  lay  open  a  yap  to  the  divcl  by  desperutiott 
to  carry  them  to  hell.  But  the  greatest  harme  of  all  proceeds 
from  those  thundering  ministers;  a  most  frequent  cause  they 
are  of  this  malady;  "and  do  more  harme  in  the  church  (saith 
Erasmus)  then  they  that/latter;  r/reat  danyer  on  both  sides,  the 
one  lulls  them  asleep  in  carnal  security,  the  other  drives  them 
to  despair.  \yhereas  ''S'.  Bernard  well  adviseth,  We  should 
not  meddle  icith  the  one  without  the  other,  nor  speake  of 
judgement  without  mercy;  the  one  alone  brings  desperation, 
the  other  security.  But  these  men  are  wholly  for  judge- 
ment :  of  a  rigid  disposition  themselves,  there  is  no  mercy 
with  them;  no  salvation,  nobalsome  for  their  diseased  soules; 
they  can  speak  of  nothing  but  reprobation,  hell  fire,  and  dam- 
nation, as  they  did  Luke  11.  46.  lade  men  with  burdens 
grievous  to  be  borne,  which  they  themselves  touch  not  with  a 
finger.  'Tis  familiar  with  our  Papists  to  terrific  mens  soules 
M'ith  purgatory,  tales,  visions,  apparitions,  to  daunt  even  the 
most  generous  spirits,  to  "^ rerpii re  charity ,  ns  Brentius  observes, 
oj' others,  bounty,  meekness,  love,  patience,  when  they  them- 
selves breath  nought  but  lust,  envy,  covetousness.  They 
teach  others  to  fast,  give  aimes,  do  penance,  and  crucifie 
their  minde  with  sujjerstitious  observations,  bread  and  water, 
hair-clotlies,  whips,  and  the  like,  when  they  themselves  have 
all  the  dainties  the  world  can  atiorde;  lye  on  a  down  bed  with 
a  curtisan  in  their  amies.  lieu  rjuantum patimur pro  Christo! 
as  ''lie  said.  What  a  cniel  (yraniiy  is  this,  so  to  insult  over,  and 
terrific  menssoules!  Ourindiscreet  pastors,manyofthemcome 


"Ecclesiast.  I.  I.  Haud  scio  an  ma  jus  discrimen  ab  his  qui  blandiiintur,  an  ab  his 
qui  tcrrilant :  iufcens  utrinque  periciiliim  :  nlii  ad  securitateui  ducunt,  nlii  afllicticmum 
iiiapiitudine  uientt-tn  absorbent,  <-t  in  deK|)erationem  trahunt.  h  Bern.  sup.  16. 

rant.  1.  Altenini  sine  altero  proferrc  non  cNpedit :  recordatio  solin-- judicii  in  despe- 
r^tiiini  til  praripitaf,  et  ini.sericordia~  falinx  o.stentatio  pessiinam  general  securitateni. 
•"In  Luc.  h-iin.  lO'i  Kiigunt  ab  aliis  carilnteni,  be neficcntiani,  cum  ipsi  nil  spectent 
pra-ter  lil.inini  in.  invidiam,  avariliain.  •'  Leo  deciniusi. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  3.]         Despair  his  Causes.  5G9 

not  far  beliind ;  whilst  in  their  ordinary  sermons  thoy  speake 
so  much  of  election,  predestination,  reprobation  ah  ceterno, 
subtraction  of  grace,  praeterition,  voluntary  permission,  &c. 
by  Miiat  signes  and  tokens  they  shall  discern  and  try  them- 
selves ;  whether  they  be  Gods  true  children  elect,  an  suit  re- 
probi,  priEdestinati,  &c.  with  such  scrupulous  points,  they 
still  aggravate  sin,  thunder  out  Gods  judgement  without  re- 
spect; intempestively  raile  at  and  pronounce  them  damned  in 
ail  auditories,  for  giving  so  much  to  sports  and  honest  recrea- 
tions; making  every  small  fault  and  thing  indifferent  an  irre- 
missible  offence,  they  so  rent,  tear  and  wound  mens  consciences, 
that  they  are  almost  mad,  and  at  their  wits  ends. 

These  hitter  potions  (saith  ^'Erasmus)  are  still  in  their  mouths 
nothim/  hut  gall  and  horrour,  and  a  mad  nojjse ;  they  make 
all  their  auditors  desperate:  many  are  wounded  by  this  meanes, 
and  they  commonly  that  are  most  devout  and  precise,  have 
been  formerly  presumptuous,  and  certain  of  their  salvation  ; 
they  that  have  tender  consciences,  that  follow  sermons,  fre- 
quent lectures,  that  have  indeed  least  cause,  they  are  most  apt 
to  mistake,  and  fall  into  these  miseries.  1  have  heard  some 
complain  of  Parsons  Resolution,  and  other  books  of  like  nature 
(good  otherwise  ;)  they  are  too  tragicall,  too  much  dejecting 
men,  aggravating  offences  ;  great  care  and  choyce,  much  dis- 
cretion is  required  in  this  kinde. 

The  last  and  greatest  cause  of  this  malady,  is  our  owne 
conscience,  sense  of  our  sins,  and  Gods  anger  justly  deserved: 
a  guilty  conscience  for  some  foule  offence  formerly  committed. 

''  O  miser  Oreste,  quid  morbi  te  perdit  ? 

Or: 

Conscientia,  sum  enira  mihi  conscius  de  malis  perpetratis. 

A  f/ood  conscience  is  a  continual  feast,  but  a  galled  consci- 
ence is  as  great  a  torment  as  can  possibly  happen,  a  still 
baking  oven,  (so  Pierus  in  his  Hieroglyph,  compares  it) 
another  hell.  Our  conscience,  which  is  a  great  ledgier  book, 
wherein  are  written  all  our  offences,  a  register  to  lay  them 
up,  (which  those  <^ /Egyptians  in  their  Hieroglyphicks  ex- 
pressed by  a  mill,  as  well  for  the  continuance,  as  for  the 
torture  of  it)  grindes  our  soules  Avith  the  remembrance  of 
some  precedent  sins  ;  makes  us  reflect  upon,  accuse  and  con- 
demn our  own  selves.  ^ Sin  lies  at  doore^  SjC.  I  know  there 
be  many  other  causes  assigned  by  Zanchius,  ^  Musculus,  and 


»  De  futiiro  judicio,  de  damnatione  horrenduui  crepunt,  et  amaras  illas  potimies  in 
ore  semper  habent,  iit  multos  inde  in  desperationeai  cogant.  ''  Euripides. 

'■  Pierus.  d  Gen.  4.  t:  9  causes  Musculus  makes. 


570  Reliyious  Melunchobj.  [Pint.  3.  Sec.  4. 

llie  rost ;  as  incredulity,  infidelity,  presumption,  ifrnorance, 
])lin(lness,  ingratitude,  discontent;  those  five  grand  miseries 
in  y\ristotle,  ignominy,  need,  sickness,  enmity,  death,  &c. 
l)ut  this  of  conscience  is  the  greatest,  ^  hist  (ir  ulcer  is  corpus 
Juf/iter  percellens.  This  scrupulous  conscience  (as  ''Peter 
Forestus  cals  it)  which  tortures  so  many,  that  either  out  of 
a  deep  apprehension  oftheirunworthiness,  and  consideration  of 
their  owne  dissolute  W^e, accuse  themselves  and  arfffravateevery 
small  offence,  when  there  is  no  such  cause,  misdonhtinff  in  the 
mean  time  Gods  mercies,  they  fall  into  these  inconveniences. 
The  poets  call  them  ''  Furies,  Dirse,  but  it  is  the  conscience 
alone  which  is  a  thousand  witnesses  to  accuse  us ; 
*"  Nocte  dieque  suura  gestant  in  pectore  testem. 

A  continual  testor  to  give  in  evidence,  to  empanel  a  jury  to 
examine  us,  to  cry  guilty ;  a  prosecutor  with  hue  and  cry  to 
follow,  an  apparitor  to  summon  us,  a  baylifFe  to  carry  us,  a 
Serjeant  to  arrest,  anattourney  to  plead  against  us,  a  gaoler  to 
torment,  a  judge  to  condemn,  still  accusing,  denouncing, 
torturing  and  molesting.  And  as  the  statue  of  Juno,  in  that 
holy  city  neer  Euphratus  in  '^  AssjTia,  will  look  still  towards 
you  ;  sit  where  you  will  in  her  temple,  she  stares  full  upon 
you;  if  you  go  by,  she  followes  Avith  her  eye  ;  in  all  sites, 
places,  conventicles,  actions,  our  conscience  will  be  still  ready 
to  accuse  us.  After  many  pleasant  dayes  and  fortunate  adven- 
tures, merry  tides,  this  conscience  at  last  doth  arrest  us. 
Well  he  may  escape  temporal  punishment,  ^  bribe  a  corrupt 
judge,  and  avoid  the  censure  of  law,  and  flourish  for  a 
time  ;  for  ^  who  ever  saiv  (saith  Chrysostome)  a  covetous  man 
troubled  in  minde  when  he  is  telling  of  his  mony,  an  adulterer 
mourn  with  his  mistress  in  his  armes  ?  we  are  then  drunk 
irith  pleasure,  and  perceive  nothing :  yet  as  the  prodigal  son 
iiad  dainty  fare,  sweet  musick  at  first,  merry  company,  jovial 
entertainment,  but  a  cruel  reckoning  in  the  end,  as  bitter  as 
Mormwood,  a  fearful  visitation  commonly  followes.  And  the 
divel  that  then  told  thee  that  it  was  a  light  sin,  or  no  sin  at  all, 
now  aggravates  on  the  other  side,  and  telleth  thee,  that  it  is  a 
most  irreniissible  offence,  as  he  did  by  Cain  and  Judas,  to 
bring  them  to  despair  ;  every  small  circumstance  before  neg- 
lected and  contemned,   will  now  amplifie  it  self,  rise  up  in 


a  Plubrch.  ^  Alios  inisere  castigat  plena  scmpnlis  ronscientia,  niodum  in 

Nrirpo  cjuarunt,  et  iibi  nulla  catisa  subest,   niiserirordia;  divinip  diflideiites,  sp  orco 
destinant.  rCoelius  lib.  6.  <i  Juvenal.  iLiician.  de  Dea  Syria. 

Si  adstiteris,  te  aspicit;  si  transeas,  visu  te  sequitur.  f  Prima  haec  est  ultio, 

«|Uod  se  .ludice  nemo  noceus  absol vitur,  improba  qnamvis  Gratia  lallacis  pra-toris  vicerit 
umam.    Juvenal.  c  (^uis  iinquam  \idit  avaruni  ringi.  duiii  hirrun)  adest? 

adulteruni,  duni  polilur  voto,  Ingere  in  perpctrnndo  scole re  '  voiuptate  suinus  ebrii, 
proiudc  uun  scutiuiuS;  &c. 


3Jcin  2.  Subs.  3.]         Despair  his  Causes.  571 

judgement  and  accuse;  the  dust  of  their  sliooes,  dumb  crea- 
tures, as  to  Lucians  tyrant,  lectiis  et  candela,  {he  bed  and 
caudle  did  bear  witness,  to  tornient  their  soules  fur  tlseir  sins 
past.  Tragicail  examples  in  this  kincie  are  too  familiar  and 
common:  Adrian,  Galba,  Nero,  Otho,  Vilellius,  Caracalla, 
Mere  insuch  horrour  of  conscience  fortheir  offences  conmiitied, 
murders,  rapes,  extortions,  injuries,  that  they  were  weary  of 
their  lives,  and  could  get  nobody  to  kill  them.  ^  Kennetus, 
king-  of  Scotland,  when  he  had  murdered  his  nephewe 
JMalcolme,  King-  Duiles  son,  prince  of  Cumbeviand,  and 
with  counterfeit  tears  and  protestations,  dissembled  the  matter 
a  long-  time,  ^  at  last  his  conscience  accused  him,  his  unquiet 
soule  could  not  rest  day  or  night;  he  teas  terrified  withfearjul 
dreams,  visions,  and  so  miserably  tormented  nil  his  life.  It 
is  strange  to  read  what  ^'Comineus  hath  written  of  Lewes  the 
11.  that  French  king;  of  Charles  the  S;  of  Alphonsus  king- 
of  Naples,  in  the  fury  of  his  passion,  how  he  came  into 
Sicily,  and  vt'hatprankes  he  plaid.  Guicciardine,  a  man  most 
imapt  to  believe  lyes,  relates,  how  that  Ferdinand  his  fathers 
ghost  (who  before  had  died  for  grief,)  came  and  told  him, 
that  he  could  not  resist  the  French  king-,  he  thought  every 
man  cried  France,  France  ;  the  reason  of  it  (saith  Comineus) 
■was  because  he  was  a  vile  tyrant,  a  murderer,  an  oppressour  of 
his  subjects;  he  bought  up  all  commodities,  and  sold  them  at 
his  owne  price  ;  sold  abbies  to  Jewes  and  falkoners ;  both 
Ferdinand  his  father,  and  he  himselfe,  never  made  conscience 
of  any  committed  sin  ;  and  to  conclude,  saith  he,  it  was  im- 
possible to  do  worse  then  they  did.  Why  was  Pausanias  the 
Spartan  tyrant,  Nero,  Otho,  Galba,  so  persecuted  with  spirits 
in  every  house  they  came,  but  for  their  murders  which  they 
had  committed  ?  **  Why  doth  the  divel  haunt  many  mens 
houses  after  their  deaths,  appear  to  them  living-,  and  take  pos- 
session of  their  habitations,  as  it  were,  of  their  pallaces,  but 
because  of  their  severall  villanies  ?  why  had  Richard  the  3 
such  fearfid  dreames,  saith  Polydor,  but  for  his  frequent 
murders  ?  Vr'hy  was  Herod  so  tortured  in  his  minde  ?  because 
he  had  made  away  Mariamne  his  wife.  ^Vhy  was  Theodoiicus 
the  king-  of  the  Gothes  sosuspitious,  and  so  affrighted  with  a 
fish  head  alone,  but  that  he  had  murdered  Symmachus,  and 
Boethius  his  son-in-!av>',  those  worthy  Romans  ?  Caelius  lib.  27- 
cap.  '22.  See  more  in  Plutarch,  in  his  tract  De  his  qui  sero 
a  Numi7ie  puuiimtMr.  -dnd  in  his  book  De  tranquillitate  animi^ 
^c.     Yea,  and  sometimes  GOD  himselfe   hath   a   hand  in 

»  Buchanan.  lib.  6.  Hist.  Scot.  b  Animus  conscientia  sceieris  im)uietu.s 

nulltim  adraisit  gaudiuin,  sea  semper  vexatiis  noctii  et  interdin  per  soiuniiiu  visis  horrore 
pleuis  pertreinelactiis,  ki-.  «De  bello  Neapol.  "^  Tliyreiis  de  locis 

iafestis  part.  1.  cap.  '2,   NVros  motberwas  still  in  his  eys. 


572  RelUjious  Melancholy.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

it,  tosliew  his  poM'er,  humiliate, exercise, and  to  trye  tlieirfaith, 
(divine  temptation,  Perkins  cals  it,  Cos.  cons.  lib.  1.  cap.  8. 
serf.  1.)  to  punish  them  for  their  sins.  God  the  avenoer,  as 
*  David  teriiies  him,  ultor  a  tcrr/o  Deus,  his  wrath  is  apprehend- 
ed of  a  guilty  soule,  as  by  Saul  and  Judas,  >vhich  the  poets 
expressed  by  Adrasta,  or  Neniisis  : 

■  Assequitur  Nemcsisque  virgin  vestig-ia  servat, 
Ne  male  quid  facias — 

And  she  is,  as  ^  Ammianus,  lib.  14.  describes  her,  the  rpieen 
of  causes,  and  moderator  of  things,  now  she  puis  downe  the 
prond;  now  she  reares  and  encoiirageth  those  that  are  good; 
he  gives  instance  iu  his  Eusebius;  Nicephorus,  Ub.  10.  cap.  35. 
cedes,  hist,  in  Maximinus  and  Julian,  Fearfull  examples  of 
Gods  just  judgement,  wrath  and  vengeance,  are  to  be  found 
in  all  histories ;  of  some  that  have  been  eaten  to  death  with 
rats  and  mice,  as  ^Popelius  the  second  king  of  Poland, 
ann.  830.  his  wife  and  children  ;  the  like  story  is  of  Hatto 
Archbishop  of  Mentz,  ann.  996,  so  devoured  by  these  ver- 
niine,  which  howsoever  Serrarius  the  Jesuite,  3Iofjunt.  rerum 
lib.  4.  cap.  5.  impugne  by  22 arguments;  Tritemius,  *iMunster, 
Magdeburgenses,  and  many  others,  relate  for  a  truth.  Such 
another  example  I  finde  in  Geraldus  Cambrensis  Itin.  Cam. 
lib.  2.  cap.  2.  and  where  not  ? 

And  yet  for  all  these  terrours  of  conscience,  affrig-hting- 
punishments  which  are  so  frequent,  or  whatsoever  else  may 
cause  or  aggravate  this  fearfull  malady  in  other  religions,  I  see 
no  reason  at  all  why  a  papist,  at  any  time  should  despair,  or  be 
troubled  for  his  sins ;  for  let  him  be  never  so  dissolute  a  catiffe, 
so  notorious  a  villian,  so  monstrous  a  sinner,  out  of  that 
treasure  of  indulgences  and  merits  of  which  the  Pope  is  dis- 
pensator,  he  may  have  free  pardon  and  plenary  remission 
of  all  his  sins.  There  be  so  many  general  pardons  for  ages 
to  come,  40000  yeers  to  come,  so  many  jubilies,  so  frequent 
gaol-deliveries  out  of  purgatory  for  all  soules,  now  living,  or 
after  dissolution  of  the  body,  so  many  particular  masses 
daily  said  in  severall  churches,  so  many  altars  consecrated  to 
this  purpose,  that  if  a  man  have  either  mony  or  friends,  or 
will  take  any  paines  to  come  to  such  an  altar,  hear  a  mass, 
say  so  many  pater-nosters,  undergo  such  and  such  penance, 
he  cannot  doe  amiss  ;  it  is  impossible  his  minde  should  be 
troubled,  or  he  have  any  scruple  to  molest  him.  Besides  that 
Taxa  Camera;  Apostoliccc^  which  was  first  published  to  get 


iPsal.  44.  16.  ''Regina  rausaiuni  et  arhitra  rcruin,  nunc  erertas  cervices 

oppriinit,  &c,  «Aiex.  Gaguinus  catal.  reg.  Pol.  ''Cosmog.  Muuster. 

Pi  Magde, 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  4.]         Si/mpiomes  of  Despair.  573 

mony  in  the  dayes  of  Leo  decimus  that  sharking'  pope,  and 
since  divulged  to  the  same  ends,  sets  down  such  easie  rates 
and  dispensations  for  all  oifences,  for  perjury,  murder,  incest, 
adultery,  &c.  for  so  many  grosses  or  dollers  (able  to  invite 
any  man  to  sin,  and  provoke  him  to  offend,  me  thinks,  that 
otherwise  would  not)  such  comfortable  remission,  so  gentle 
and  parable  a  pardon,  so  ready  at  hand,  with  so  smal  cost 
and  suit  obtained,  that  I  cannot  see  how  he  that  hath  any 
friends  amongst  them  (as  I  say)  or  mony  in  his  purse,  or  will 
at  least  to  ease  himselfe,  can  any  way  miscarry  or  be  mis- 
affected,  how  he  should  be  desperate,  in  danger  of  damnation 
or  troubled  in  minde.  Their  ghostly  fathers  can  so  rejulily 
apply  remedies,  so  cunningly  string-  and  unstring',  winde 
and  unwinde  their  devotions,  play  upon  their  consciences 
with  plausible  speeches  and  terrible  threats,  for  their  best  ad- 
vantage settle  and  remove,  erect  with  such  facility  and  deject, 
let  in  and  out,  that  I  cannot  perceive  how  any  man  amongst 
them  should  much  or  often  labour  of  this  disease,  or  finally 
miscarry.  The  causes  above  named  must  more  frequently 
therefore  take  hold  on  others. 


SUBSECT.  IV. 

Sijmptomes  of  Despair.  Feare^  sorrow,  snspition,  anA^kiy,  hor- 
roiir  oj'  co7iscience,JearJ'ul  dreames  and  visions. 

xVs  shoemakers  doe  when  they  bring  home  shooes,  still  cry, 
leather  is  dearer  and  dearer  ;  may  I  justly  say  of  those  melan- 
choly symptomes:  these  of  despair  are  most  violent,  tragicall 
and  grievous,  far  beyond  the  rest;  not  to  be  expressed  but 
negatively,  as  it  is  privation  of  all  happiness,not  tobe  endured; 
Jor  a  wounded  spirit  ivho  can  hear  it  ?  Pro.  18.  14.  What 
therefore  ^  Timanthes  did,  in  his  picture  of  Iphigenia,  now 
ready  to  be  sacrificed,  when  he  had  painted  Chalcas  mourn- 
ing, Ulysses  sad,  but  most  sorrowfull  Menelaus,  and  shewed 
all  his  art  in  expressing  variety  of  affections,  he  covered  the 
maids  father,  Agamemnons  head  with  a  vaile,  and  left  it  to 
every  spectator  to  conceive  what  he  would  himselfe  ;  for  that 
true  passion  and  sorrow  in  snmmo  c/radu,  such  as  his  was,  could 
not  by  any  art  be  deciphred.  What  he  did  in  his  picture,  1 
will  do  in  describing  the  symptomes  of  despair.  Imagine  what 
thou  canst,  feare,  sorrow,  furies,  griefe,  pain,  terrour,  anger, 
dismal,  ghastly,  tedious,  irksome,  &c.  it  is  not  sufficient,  it 

aPiinius  cap.  10. II.  35-      Consumptis  affectibus,  Agamemnonis  capat  velavit,  ut 
omnes,  quam  possent,  maximiira  moeroremin  virginis  patre  cogitarent. 


571'  Religious  Melancholii.       [P:jrf.  o.  See.  4. 

oonios  tar  short ;  no  totig-ue  can  tell,  no  heart  conceive  it. 
'Tis  an  epitome  of  hell,  an  extract,  a  quintessence,  a  com- 
pound, a  mixture  of  all  ferall  maladies,  tyrannical  torture*, 
piairucs  and  perplexities.  There  is  no  sickness  almost  but  pliy- 
sick  provideth  a  remedy  for  it;  to  every  sore,  chirurgery  v/ill 
provide  a  salve  :  friendship  helpes  poverty;  hope  of  liberty 
easefh  imprisonment;  suit  and  favour  revoke  banishment;  au- 
thority and  time  weare  away  reproach:  but  what  physick,Avhi  t 
chiruroery,  what  wealth,  favour,  authority  can  relieve,  be-v.- 
out,  a.-swage,  or  expel  a  troubled  conscience  ?  A  quiet  minde 
cureth  all  them,  but  all  they  cannot  comforte  a  distresse<l 
soide  :  who  can  put  to  silence  the  voyce  of  desperation  ?  Ail 
that  is  single  in  other  melancholy,  horribife,  dintm^  pestilem^ 
atro.v,  f'enim,  concur  in  this ;  it  is  more  tlien  melancholy  in 
the  highest  degree  ;  a  burning  feaver  of  the  soule;  so  made, 
said  =^  Jacchinus,  by  this  isiisery  ;  feare,  sorrow  and  despair  he 
puts  for  ordinary  symptomes  of  melancholy.  They  are  in  great 
pain  and  horrour  of  minde,  distraction  of  soule,  restless,  full 
of  continual  feares,  cares,  torments,  anxieties;  they  can  neither 
eat,  drinke,  nor  sleep  for  them,  take  no  rest. 

''  Perpetua  itnpietas,  nee  mensse  tempore  ccssat, 
Exagitat  vesana  quies,  somnique  furentes. 
Neither  at  bed,  nor  yet  at  bord, 
Will  any  rest  despair  afforde. 

Feare  takes  away  their  content,  and  dries  the  blond,  wasteth 
the  marrow,  alters  their  countenance,  even  in  thc'iv  greatest  de- 
lights-, singhig,  dancing,  dalliance,  they  are  still  (saith  '^  Lem- 
nius)  tortured  in  their  soules.  It  consumes  them  to  nought; 
/  am  like  a.  pelican  in  the  irilderness,  (saith  David  of  himselfe, 
temporally  afflicte<l)  an  oirle  because  of  thine  indignation, 
Psal.  102,  vers.  9,  10,  and  Psal.  55.  4.  3Ig  heart  t'rembleth 
within  mee,  and  the  terronrs  oj' death  have  come  if/)on  mee;J'eare 
and  trembling  are  come  upon  mee,  <^-c.  at  deaths  doore,  Psal. 
10/.  18.  Their  soule  abhors  all  manner  of  meats.  Their 
*'  sleep  is  (if  it  be  any)  unquiet,  subject  to  fearful  dreamcs 
and  terrours.  Peter  in  his  bonds,  slept  secure,  for  he  knew 
God  protected  him;  and  Tully  makes  it  an  argument  ofRos- 
cius  Amerinus  innocency,  that  he  had  not  killed  his  father, 
because  he  so  securely  slept.    Those  martyres  in  the  primitive 


»  Cap.  15.  in  0  Rliasis.  '■  Jiiv.  Sat.  13.  <•  IMctitcni  eripit  timor  hie ; 

vultiim,  totiiniquecdrporis  hnhituin  iminiitat,  etiain  in  deliciis,  in  tripiuliis,  in  symposiis, 
in  aniplexu  conjiisis  carnificinain  exercet.  lib.  4.  cap.  21.  "'  Non  sinit  con- 

scientia  tales  homines  recta  verba  proferre,  atit  rectis  quenqiiain  ornlis  aspicere  ;  ah 
omni  homiDura  coetu  cosdcinextermiuat,  et  doriuientes  perterrefant.  Philost.  lib.  7.  de. 
vita  Apollonii. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  4.]         Si/mpiomes  of  Despair.  5/5 

cburcli  were  most  ^chearfull  and  meny  in  the  midst  of  their 
persecutions;  but  it  is  far  otherwise  M'ith  these  men,  tossed  in 
a  sea,  and  that  continually,  without  7'est  or  intermission,  they 
can  think  of  nougiit  that  is  pleasant;  ^ their  conscience  icill  not 
let  them  he  qniet,  in  perpetual  feare,  anxiety;  if  they  be  not  yet 
appi-ehended,  they  are  in  doubt  stil!  that  they  slsali  be  ready 
to  betray  themselves,  as  Cain  did,  he  thinkes  every  man  will 
kill  him:  Androarefor  (friefe  of  heart.  Psal.  38.  I.  as  David 
did,  as  Job  did,  3,  20,  21,  22.  &c.  Wherefore  is  light  f/iven 
to  him  that  is  in  miserij,  and  lifo  to  them  that  hare  heavie 
hearts?  Which  long  for  death,  and  ij  it  come  not,  search  it 
more  then  treasures,  and  rejoyce  when  thei/  can  find  the  grave. 
They  are  generally  weary  of  their  lives,  a  trembling-  heart  they 
have,  a  sorrowful  minde,  and  little  or  no  rest. 

Terror  ubique  tremor,  timer  undique  et  undique  terror. 

Feares,  terrours,  and  afFrig'hts  in  all  places,  at  all  times  and 
seasons.  Cibum  et potum  pertinaciter  aversantnr  multi,  iioduni 
in  scirpo  quferitantes,  et  culpam  imaginantes  nbi  milla  est,  as 
Wierus  writes  r/e  Lamiis  lib.S.c.  7.  they  refuse,  tnany  of  them, 
meat  and  drinke,  cannot  rest,  aggravating'  still  and  supposing' 
grievous  offences  where  there  are  none.  Gods  heavie  wrath  is 
kindled  in  their  soules  ;  and  notwithstanding-  their  continual 
prayers  and  supplications  to  Christ  Jesus,  they  have  no  release 
or  ease  at  all,  but  a  most  intolerable  torment,  and  insutferable 
anguish  of  conscience,  and  that  makes  them,  through  impa- 
tience, to  murmur  against  God,  many  times,  to  rave,  to  blas- 
pheme, turn  atheists,  and  seek  to  offer  violence  to  themselves. 
Deut.  28.  67.  In  the  morning  they  icishfor  evening,  and  for 
morning  in  the  evening,  for  the  sight  of  their  eys  lohich  they  see,, 
and  feare  of  hearts.  "=  ?*Iarinus  Marcennus  in  his  Comment  on 
Genesis,  makes  mention  of  a  desperate  friend  of  his,  whom 
amongst  others  he  came  to  visit,  and  exhort  to  patience,  that 
broke  out  into  most  blasphemous  atheisticall  speeches,  too 
fearfull  to  relate.  When  they  wished  him  to  trust  in  Giod  ;  Quis 
est  ille Deus (incjuit)  ut  serviam  illi?  qiiidproderit,sioraverim ?■ 
si  prcesens  est,  cur  non  succurrit  ?  cur  tion  me  carcere,  inedid^ 
squalor  e  confectum  liberat  ?  quid  ego  feci  ?  ^'c.  absit  a  me 
hujusmodi  Dens.  Another  of  his  acquaintance  brake  out  into 
like  atheisticall  blasphemies;  upon  his  wives  death  raved, 
cursed,  said  and  did  he  cared  not  what.  And  so  for  the  most 
part  it  was  with  them  all.      Many  of  them  in  their  extremity, 


aEusebiiis,  Nicephorus  eccles.  hist.  lib.  4.  c.  17.  ''  Seneca  lib.  18.  epist.  106. 

Conscientia  aliud  agere  non  patitur,  perturbatam  vitam  agiint,  niinqnam  vacant,  &c. 
c  Artie.  3.  ca.  1.  fol.  '230.  Quod  horrendum  dictu,  desperabimdus  quidam  me  prsesente 
«um  ad  patientiam  faortaietur,  &c. 


576  Religious  Melancholi).  [Part.  3.  So.c.  4. 

tliinke  tlicy  hear  and  see  visions,  out-crys,  confer  with  divels, 
flniL  they  are  torn:ented,  possessed,  and  in  hell  fire,  already 
damned,  quite  forsaken  of  God,  they  have  no  sense  or  feel  in  "•  of 
mercy,  or  grace,hope  of  salvation ;  their  sentence  of  condemna- 
tion is  already  payt,  and  notto  be  revoked,  the  divel  will  certainly 
Iiavethem.  Never  was  any  living  creature  in  such  torment  be- 
fore, in  such  a  miserable  estate,  in  such  distress  of  minde,  no 
hope,  no  faith,  past  cure,  reprobate,  conlinually  tempted  to 
make  away  tiiemsel  ves.  Souiethinii-  talkes  with  them,  tliey  spit 
fire  and  brimstone,  they  cannot  but  blaspheme,  they  car.not 
repent,  beleeve,  or  thinke  a  good  thought;  so  far  carryed,  7it 
coffantur  ad  impia  cof/ifaudum  etiam  contra  voluntatein,  said 
''Felix  Plater;  ad  hlasphemiam  er(/a  D;uim,  admidta  horreuda 
perpetrauda^ad  manusviolentes  sihi  hiferendas,S^-c.  and  in  their 
distracted  fits  and  desperate  humors,  to  offer  violence  to  others, 
their  familiar  and  dear  friends  sometimes,  or  to  meer  strangers, 
upon  every  small  or  no  occasion:  for  he  that  cares  not  for  his 
owne,  is  niaster  of  ano'lier  mans  life.    They  think  evill  against 
their  wils;  that  which  they  abhor  themselves,  they  must  needs 
thinke,  doe,  and  speake.    He  gives  instance  in  a  patient  of  his, 
that  when  he  would  pray,  had  such  evil!  thoughts  still  suggested 
to  him,  and  wicked ''meditations,   x^notlier  instance  he  hath,  of  a 
woman  that  was  often  tempted  to  curse  God,  to  blaspheme  and 
kill  her  selfe.  Sometimes  the  divel  (as  they  say)  stands  without 
and  talks   with  them,  sometimes  he  is  within  them,  as  they 
thinke,  and  there  speakes  and  talkes  to  such  as  are  possessed: 
so  Apollidorus,  in  Plutarch, thoughthis  heart  spake  within  him. 
There  is  a  most  memorable  example  of ''Francis  Spira,  an  ad- 
vocate  of  Padua,   anu.   1545,   that   being  desperate,  by  no 
counsell  of  learned  men  could  be  comforted  ;   he  felt  (as  he 
said)  the  pains  of  hell  in  his  soule,  in  all  other  things  he  dis- 
coursed aright;  but  in  this  most  mad.     Frismelica,  Bullovat, 
and  some  other  excellent  physicians,  could  neither  make  him 
eat,  drinke,  or  sleep;  no  perswasiou  could  ease  him.      Never 
pleaded  any  man  so  well  for  himselfe,  as  this  man  did  against 
himselfe,  and  so  he  desperately  died.     Springer  a  lawyer  hath 
written  l)is  life.     Cardinal  Crescence  died  likewise  so  despe- 
rate at  Verona,  still  he  thought  a  black  dog  followed  him  to 
hisdeath-bed,  no  man  could  (Irive  the  dog  away.    Sleidan.oowj. 
23.  cap.  lib.  3.     Whilst  I  v/as  writing  this  treatise,  saith  Mon- 
taltus,  cap.  2.  de  mol.  ''  a  mtn  came  to  me  for  helpe,  we// for 
all  ot/ter  matters,  hnt  tronb/ed  in  conncicncefor  five  ifeers  last 
past ;  sJie  is  a /most  mad,   and  ?iot  ah/e  to  resist;  t/iin/tes  s/ie 


a  Lili.  1.  obser.  cap.  3.  h  Afl  inaledicendiim  Deo.  •'Goulart.  "JDiim 

h;pc  acribo,  iinpleratopem  meanKmonuciia,iii  relicinis  sana,  etjiidicio  recta,  per  5  annos 
melancholica ;  damuatam  sc  dicit,  conscientiic  stimolis  oppressa,  See. 


Mem.  2.  Subs,  5.]       Prognostu/ues  of  J)eipalr.  577 

hath  offended  God,  and  is  certainly  damned.  Felix  Plater 
Imth  store  of  instances  of  such  as  thought  themselves  damned, 
^forsaken  of  God,  &c.      One  amongst  the  rest,  fhat  durst  not 

fo  to  church,  or  come  neer  the  Rhine,  for  feare  to  make  away 
imselfe,  because  then  he  was  most  especially  tempted.  These 
and  such  like  symptomes,  are  intended  and  remilted,  as  the 
malady  itsclfe  is  more  or  less;  some  will  hear  good  counsel, 
some  will  not;  some  desire  helpe,  some  reject  ail,  and  will 
not  be  eased. 


SUBSECT.  V 

PrognostiquesoJ'Despair, atheism,  hlr(sphpmy,vioIt;>t  death,  ^-r. 

ItJlOST  part  these  kinde  of  persons  ''make  away  themselves, 
some  are  mad,  blaspheme,  curse,  deny  God;  but  most  offer 
violence  to  their  own  persons,  and  sometimes  to  others.  A 
tcoinided  spirit,  ivho  can  hear  ?  Prov.  18. 14.  As  Cain,  Saul, 
Achitophel,  Judas,  blasphemed  and  died.  Bede  snith,  Pilate 
died  desperate  eight  yeers  after  Christ.  ^  Felix  Pfaler  hath 
collected  many  examples.  ^A  merchants  icife  that  was  long 
troubled  with  such  temptations,  in  the  night  rose  fic;:;  her  bed,  ,.  ^j  i  \*-^* 

and  out  of  the  windowe  broke  her  neck  into  the  street :  another 
drowned  himselfe,  desperate  as  he  was,  in  the  Rhine;  some  cut 
their  throats,  many  hang- themselves.  But  this  needs  no  illus- 
tration. It  is  controverted  by  some,  whether  a  man  so  offer- 
ing- violence  to  himselfe,  dying- desperate,  may  be  r-;aved  aye  or 
no?  If  rhey  dye  so  obstinately  and  suddenly,  that  they  can- 
not so  niMch  as  wish  for  mercy,  the  worst  is  to  be  suspected, 
because  they  dye  impatient.  '^If  their  death  had  been  a  little 
more  ling-ring,  wherein  they  mig-ht  have  some  leasure  in  their 
hearts  to  cry  for  mercy,  charity  may  judge  the  best;  divers 
have  been  recovered  out  of  (he  very  act  of  hangiiig-  and  drown- 
ing themseives,  and  so  brought  ad  sanam  nientim,  they  have 
been  very  penitent,  much  abhorred  their  forn.er  fact, con fes-ed 
that  they  have  re])ented  in  an  instant,  and  cryed  for  mercy  in 
their  hearts.  If  a  man  put  desperate  hands  upon  himselfe,  by 
occasion  of  madness  or  melancholy,  if  he  have  ^iven  testimony 
before  of  bis  regeneration,  in  regard  he  doth  this  iiot  so  much 


'•*  Alios  conquerentes  audivi  se  esse  ex  damnatorum  numero,  Deo   noa   esse  cnite, 
aliaque  infinlta  qua?  proferre  non  audebant,  vel  abhorrtbant.  i,  jAlHscuriis,  Par- 

tritus,  ad  vim  sibi  interend  am  cogit  homines.  ,  3  De  mentis  aiienat  obseiy, 

lib  1.  •*  Uxor  mercatons,  diu  vexationibus  tentata  &c.  «  Abernety. 

VOL.    II.  P  P 


578  Ui'l'uj'wus  Melancholif.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

out  of  liis  will,  as  e.r  ri  morhu  we  iiuist  make  the  best  con- 
struction of  it,  as  ^  Tnrkes  doe,  that  tltinke  all  fooles  and  mad 
men  go  directly  to  heaven. 


SUBSECT.  VI. 

Cure  of  Despair  by  phjsicke,  good  cotmsell,  conifbrts,  ^-c. 

XliXPERIENCE  tencheth  us,  that  though  many  dye  obsti- 
nate, and  wilfn!  in  this  malady,  yet  multitudes  again  are  able 
to  resist  and  overcome,  seek  for  heipe  and  find  comfort;  are 
taken  efuvcihns  Erehi,  from  the  cljops  of  hell,  and  out  of  the 
divels  pawes, though  they  have  by  i^oblig-ation  given  themselves 
to  him.  Some  out  of  their  owne  strength,  and  Gods  assist- 
ance ;  tJioiff/h  he  kill  me  (saith  Jo?))  yet  irillltrnst  in  him ;  some 
out  of  good  counsell,  advice,nnd  physicko.  ""Bellovacus  cured 
arnonke  by  altering-  his  habit  and  course  of  life  :  Plater  many 
by  physicke  alone.  But  for  the  most  part  they  must  concur: 
asid  they  take  a  wrong  course  that  thinke  to  overcome  this 
ferall  passion  b}"sole  physicke  :  and  they  are  much  out,  that 
thinke  to  work  this  effect  by  good  advice  alone  ;  though  both 
be  forcible  in  themselves,  yet  vis  nmtafortior,  they  must  go 
Iiand  in  hand  to  this  disease  : 


• alterius  sic  altera  poscit  opem. 

For  physicke,  the  like  course  is  to  be  taken  with  this  as  in  other 
melancholy:  diet,  ayr,  exercise,  all  those  passions  and  perturba- 
tions of  the  minde,  &c.  are  to  be  rectified  by  the  same  meanes. 
They  must  not  be  left  solitary  or  to  themselves,  never  idle, 
never  out  of  company.  Counsel  I,  good  comfort  istc)  be  applyed, 
as  they  shall  see  the  parties  inclined  :  or  to  the  causes,  whether 
it  be  loss,  feare,  griefe,  discontent,  or  some  such  ferall  accident, 
a  guilty  conscience,  or  otherwise  by  frequent  meditation,  too 
grievous  an  apprehension,  and  consideration  of  his  former 
life:  by  hearing,  reading  of  scriptures,  good  divines,  good  ad- 
vice and  conference,  applying  Gods  word  to  their  distressed 
soiUes,  it  must  be  corrected  and  counter-poysed.  JMany  excel- 
lent exhortations,  paraenetical  discourses  are  extant  to  this  pur- 
pose,for  such  as  are  any  way  troubled  in  minde:  Perkins,Green- 
ham,  Hayward,  Bright,  Abernethy,  liolton,Cu!mannus,  Hem- 


'^Unsboqiiins.  f"  John  .Mr.jor  vitis  patrnm.     Qiiidam  tiepavit  Chrishini,  per 

rhirographum  post  restitatus.  'Triucavelius  lib.  3.  consil.  46. 


Mem.  2.  Siihs;.  0'.]         Cum  of  Despair.  579 

mingius,  Coelius  SecuiKliis,  Nicholas  Laurentius,  are  copious 
in  this  subject :  Azorius,  Navarrus,  Sayrus,  &r.  and  such  as 
have  written  cases  of  conscience  amongst  our  pontifical  writers. 
But  because  these  mens  workes  are  not  to  all  parties  at  hand, 
so  parable  at  all  times,  1  will  for  the  benefit  and  ease  of  such  as 
are  afflicted,  at  the  request  of  some  '^  friends,  recollect  out  of 
their  vol  uniinoasfreatisesjsonie  few  such  comfortable  speeches, 
exhortations,  arguments,  advice,  tending  to  this  subject,  and 
out  of  Gods  word,  knowing,  as  Culmannus  saith  upon  the  like 
occasion,  ^how  unavailable  and  vaine  mens cowisells  are  to  com- 
fort an  afflicted  conscience,  except  Gods  icord  concur  and  he  an- 
nexed, from  which  comes  life,  ease,  repentance,  ^-r.  Presup- 
posing first  that  which  Beza,  Greenham,  Perkins,  Bolton,  give 
in  charge,  the  parties  to  whom  counsel  I  is  given  be  sufficiently 
prepared,  humbled  for  their  sins,  fit  for  comfort,  confessed, 
tryed  how  they  are  more  or  less  afflicted,  how  they  stand 
affected,  or  capable  of  good  advice,  before  any  remedies  be 
applyed.  To  such  therefore  as  are  so  thoroughly  searched 
and  examined  I  address  this  following-  discourse. 

Two  main  antidotes, "  Henuningius  observes,  are  opposite  to 
despair;  good  hope  out  of  Gods  word,  is  to  be  embraced;  per- 
verse security  and  presumption,  from  the  divels  treachery,  are 
to  be  rejected  j  ilia  salus  animfp,  hac  pesiis  ;  one  saves,  the 
other  kils,  occidit  auimam,  saith  x4ustin,  and  dolli  as  much 
harm  as  despair  itself.  ^  Navarrus,  the  casuist,  reckons  up  ten 
special  cures  out  of  Anton.  I.  part.  Tit.  3.  cap.  10.  1.  God. 
2.  Physicke.  3.  ^Avoiding*  such  objects  as  have  caused  it.  4. 
Submission  of  himselfe  to  other  mens  judgements.  5.  Answer 
of  all  objections,  &c.  All  v/hich  CajeJan,  Gerson,  lib.  de  vit. 
spirit.  Sayrus,  lib.  1.  cas.  cons.  cap.  14-  repeat  and  approve  out 
of  Emanuel  Roderiques,  cap.  51  cj-  52.  Greenham  prescribes 
six  special  rules;  Culmannus  «even.  First,  to  acknowledge 
all  helpe  to  come  from  God.  2.  That  the  cause  of  their  pre- 
sent misery  is  sin.  3.  To  repent,  and  be  heartily  sorry  for 
their  sins. "  4.  To  pray  eansestly  to  God  (luy  may  be  eased. 
5.  To  expect  and  impl<»re  the  prayers  of  the  church,  and 
o-ood  mens  advice.  6.  Physicke.  7.  To  commend  themselves 
to  God,  and  rely  upon  his  mercy:  others  otherwise,  but  all 
to  this  effect.  But  forasmuch  as  most  men,  in  this  malady,  are 
spiritually  sicke,  voi<lofreasonahno8t,  over- born  by  their  mise- 


aMy  brother  George  Burton  :  M.  .Tames  Whitehall,  rectnr  of  Chef  l.Iy  in  Stafford- 
shire, my  quondam  chamber  fellow,  and  late  fellow  student  in  Clirist  Church,  Oxen, 
b  Scio  quam  vana  sit  et  iuefficax  humaiiorura  verboruui  penes  aiflictos  consolaiio,  nisi 
verbum  Dei  adiatur,  a  quo  vita,  refrigeratio, solatium, pcenitentia  *' Antid. 

adversus  desperationem.  ''  Tom.  2.  c.  27.  num.  'i82.  «  Aversio  cogitationis 

a  re  scrupulosa,  contraventio  scrupiilorum. 

p  p  2 


5S0  ReUfjious  Melancholy .         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

riep,  and  too  deep  an  apprehension  of  their  sins,  they  cannot 
apply  themselves  to  g-ood  connsell,  pray,  beleeve,  repent;  we 
must,  as  liuuh  as  in  us  lies,  occur  and  hc'pe  their  peculiar  in- 
firmities, accordino-  to  their  severall  causes  and  symptomes, 
as  we  shall  finde  them  distressed  and  complain. 

The  main  niritfer  which  terrifus  and  torments  most  that  are 
troubled  in  minde,  is  the  enorniity  of  their  c-HTences,  the  into- 
lerable I>urtlien  oftheirsins,Go;!s  henvy  Mrath  and  displeasure 
so  deeply  apprehended,  that  they  account  themselves  repro- 
bates, quite  forsaken  of  God,  alrendy  damned,  past  all  hope  of 
grace,  uncapable  of  mercy,  diaholi  mnncipia,fi]nYes  of  sin,  and 
their  ofi'ences  so  great  they  cannot  be  forgiven.  But  these 
men  must  know  there  is  no  sin  so  hainous  which  is  not  par- 
donable in  it  selfe ;  no  crime  so  great  but  by  Gods  mercy  it 
may  be  forgiven.  Where  sin  ahovrtdeth,  f/race  nhoundeth 
much  more,  Rom.  5.  20.  And  what  the  Lord  said  unto  Paul 
in  his  extremity,  2  Cor.  12.  9.  My  yrace  is  sj'fficient  for  thee, 
for  my  power  is  made  perfect  throvffJi  teeakness,  concernes 
every  m^n  in  like  case.  His  promises  are  made  indefinite 
to  all  believers;  generally  spoken  to  all,  touching  remission  of 
sins,  that  are  truly  penitent,  grieved  for  their  ofi'ences,  and  de- 
sire to  be  reconciled ;  Matth.  9. 12.  13.  /  came  not  to  call  the 
ri(}hteons,  hut  sinners  to  repentance^  l"hat  is,  such  as  are  truly 
touched  in  conscience  for  their  sins.  Again,  Matt.  11.  28. 
Come  nnto  me  ail  ye  that  are  heavie  laden,  a?id  I  will  ease 
yon.  Ezek.  18.  ^7.  .^t  ichat  time  soever  a  sinner  shall  re- 
pent him  of  his  sins,  from  the  bottom  of  kis  heart,  I  icill  blot 
out  all  his  wickedness  out  of  his  remembrance,  saith  the 
Lord.  Isay,  43,  25.  /,  even  I  am  he  that  put  away  thine  ini- 
quity for  mine  oum  sake,  and  will  not  remember  thy  sins. 
As  a  father  (saith  David.  Psal.  103.  IS)  hath  compassion  on 
his  children,  so  hath  the  Lord  compassion  on  them  thatfeare 
him;  and  will  receive  fhem  again  as  the  prodigall  son  was 
entertained,  Luke  l.o.  if  (hey  shall  so  much  with  tears  in  their 
eys,  anrl  a  penitent  heart.  Peccator  aynoscat,  Deus  iynoscit. 
The  Lord  is  full  of  compassion  and  mercy,  slotre  to  anger,  of 
great  kindness,  P.sal.  103.  8.  He  will  not  uhcayes  chide, 
neither  keepe  his  angpr  for  ever.  .9.  Jls  high  as  the 
heaven  is  above  the  earth,  so  great  is  his  mercy  towards  them 
thai  fear e  him.W.  As  far  as  the  east  is  from  the  west, 
so  fur  hath  he  ro.n  ved  our  sins  from  us.  12.  Though 
Cain  cry  out  in  the  anguish  of' his  soub-,  My  punishment  is 
greater  then  I  can  bear, 'lis  not  so;  Thou  liest  Cain  (.saith 
Austin)  ;  C  ids  m<-rcy  is  greater  then  thy  sins.  His  mercy  is 
aboip  all  his  icorkes,  Psal.  1  lo.  f).  a!)le  to  satisHe  for  all  mens 
sins,  ffn;i(u/ro7i,  1  Tim.  V.  (i.  His  mercy  is  a  panacea,  a  bal- 
some  for  an  afflicted  soale,  a  sovi-raign  medicine,  an  aioxiphar- 


Mem.  9.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair .  581 

macum  of  all  sin,  a  charm  for  the  divel;  his  mercy  was  great 
to  Solomon,  to  Manasses,  to  Peter,  great  to  all  offenders,  and 
whosoever  thou  art,  it  may  be  so  to  thee.  For  why  should 
God  bid  us  pray  (as  Austin  infers)  Deliver  us  from  all  e)nl, 
nisi  ipse  misericors  perseveraret,\i he  did  not  intende  to  helpe 
us  ?  He  therefore  that  ''doubts  of  the  remission  of  his  sins, 
denies  Gods  mercy,  and  doth  him  an  injury,  saith  Austin.  Yea, 
but  thou  replyest,  I  am  a  notorious  sinner;  mine  offences  are 
not  so  great  as  infinite.  Hear  Fulgentius,  ^  Gods  invincible 
qoodiiess  cannot  he  overcome  by  sin  ;  his  infinite  mercy  cannot 
be  terminated  by  any :  the  multitude  of  his  mercy  is  equi- 
valent to  his  maynkude.  Hear  "  Chrysostome,  Thy  malice 
mail  be  measured.,  but  Gods  mercy  cannot  be  dejined ;  thy 
malice  is  circumscribed,  his  mercies  infinite.  As  a  drop  of 
water  is  to  the  sea,  so  are  thy  misdeeds  to  his  mercy  ;  nay, 
there  is  no  such  proportion  to  be  given  :  for  the  sea  though 
great,  yet  may  be  measured,  but  Gods  mercy  canrsot  be  cir- 
cumscribed. Whatsoever  thy  sins  be  then,  in  quantity  or 
quality,  multitude  or  magnitude,  feare  them  not,  distrust  not. 
I  speak  not  this,  saith  '^  Chrysostome,  to  make  thee  securje  and 
negligent,  but  to  cheer  thee  up.  Yea,  but  thou  urgest  again, 
I  have  little  comfort  of  this  wiiich  is  said,  it  concerns  me  not : 
Jnanis  pcenitailia  qiiam.  setjvens  culpa  coinqiiinat ;  'tis  to  no 
purpose  for  me  to  repent  ana  doe  worse  Jhen  ever  1  did  before, 
to  persevere  in  sin,  and  to  retran  to  my  lusts  as  a  dog  to  his 
vomit,  or  a  swine  to  the  mire  :  ^to  what  end  is  it  to  ask  for- 
giveness of  my  sins,  and  yet  daily  to  sin  again  and  again,  to 
do  evil  out  of  an  habit?  I  daily  ar.d  hourly  offende  in  thought, 
worde,  and  deed  ;  in  a  relapse  by  mine  owne  weakness  and 
wilfulness  ;  my  bomis  Genius,  my  good  protecting  angel  is 
gone,  1  am  fain  from  that  I  was,  or  would  be,  worse  and 
worse,  my  latter  end  is  worse  then  my  beginning.  Si  quotidie 
peccas,  quotidie,  saith  Ciirysostome,  poenUentiavi  age.  If  thou 
daily  offend,  daily  repent :  ^ifticice,  thrice,  an  hundred,  an 
hundred  thousand  times  ;  Innce,  thrice,  an  hundred  thousand 
times  repent.  As  they  doe  by  an  old  house  that  is  out  of  re- 
ysaire,  sti!!  meud  some  part  or  other;  so  doe  by  thy  soule, 
stil!  reforme  s  ;ine  vice,  repair  it  by  repen;ance  ;  call  to  him 
for  grace  and  thou  shait  have  it  ',for  ice  are  freely  jusiifed  by 
his  grace,  Horn.  3.  "2-1.     If  thine  enemy  repent,  as  our  Saviour 


aMagnam  injuriam  Deo  lacit,  qui  diffidit  de  ejus  misericordia.  bBonitas 

iiivicti  noil  vincitur ;  intiuiti  nrisericorrlia  nou  finitur.  <^  Horn.  3.  de  poeni- 

tentia.  Tua  quideiu  malitia  meusuram  habet ;  Dei  aiifem  misericordia  mensiiram  non 
babet.  Tua  inaiitia  circuuiscrijjta  est,  &o.  pelasus.  etsi  niagjuim,  merjsurain  liabet 
Dei  autein,  &<;.  '^  Koa  ut  desidioits  vos  iiiciani,  sed  ut  alacriores  reddam. 

e  Pro  peccati.s  veniani  poscere,  et  nsala  de  novo  iteiaie.  ,  'Si  bis,  si  ter,  si 

centies,  si  centies  millies,  toties  poenitentiam  age. 


582  ReUi/wus  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

rnjoynod  Pctrr.  forjyive  him  77  tinT^s;  and  why  shouUlst  thou 
fliink  Co:l  will  not  t'or«-ive  thee?  Why  should  the  enormity 
of  thy  sins  trouljle  thee?  God  cm  doe  it,  he  will  doe  it. 
Ml/  conscicnrr  (saith  "  Anselni)  dicfafes  to  me,  that  1  deserve 
flmnvntiov,  my  repentance  will  not  snjpce  for  satisfaction  ; 
hut  thy  mercy,  O  Lord,  quite  overcomes  all  my  trausf/rcssions. 
The  s^ods  once  (as  the  poets  fain)  with  a  g-old  chain  would 
pull  Jupiter  out  of  heaven,  hut  they  all  together  could  not  stirr 
him,  and  yet  he  could  drawe  and  turne  them  as  he  would  him- 
selfe ;  mau^^re  all  the  force  and  fury  of  these  infernal  fiends 
and  crying  sins,  his  yr ace  is  sufficietit.  Confer  the  debt  and 
the  payment;  Christ  and  Adam;  sin  and  the  cure  of  it;  the 
disease  and  the  medicine  ;  confer  the  sicke  man  to  the  phy- 
sician, and  thou  shalt  soon  perceive  that  his  power  is  infinitely 
beyond  it.  God  is  better  able,  as  ''  Bernard  informeth  us,  to 
helpe,  then  sin  to  do  us  hurt ;  Christ  is  better  able  to  save, 
then  the  divel  to  destroy.  '  If  he  be  a  skilful  physician,  as 
Fulg-entius  addes,  he  can  cure  all  diseases ;  ij'mercij'ul,  he  icill. 
iVow  est  perfecta  bonitas  a  (jud  non  omnis  malitia  viticittir,  his 
goodness  is  not  absolute  and  perfect,  if  it  be  not  able  to  over- 
come all  malice.  Submit  thy  selfe  unto  him,  as  Saint  Austin 
adviseth, ''  he  knoweth  best  what  he  doth  ;  and  be  riot  so  much 
pleased  when  he  sustains  thee,  as  patient  when  he  corrects 
thee ;  he  is  omnipotent,  and  can  cure  all  diseases  ichen  he  sees 
his  oicn  time.  He  lookes  down  from  heaven  upon  earth,  that 
he  may  hear  the  mourning  of  prisoners,  and  deliver  the  chit' 
dren  of  death,  Psal.  102,  19, '20.  and  though  our  sins  be  a^ 
red  as  scarlet,  he  can  make  them  us  white  as  snoiv,  Isay?  1.  18. 
Doubt  not  of  this,  or  aske  how  it  shall  be  done;  he  is  all- 
sufHcient  that  proniiseth;  qui  fecit  mnndum  de  immundo,  saith 
Chryso.stome,  he  that  made  a  faire  world  of  nought,  can  do  this 
and  much  more  for  his  part ;  doe  thou  onely  beleeve,  trust  in 
him,  rely  on  him,  be  penitent  and  heartily  sorry  for  thy  sins. 
Kepeulaiice  is  a  soveraign  remedy  for  all  sins,  a  spiritual! 
wing  to  creare  us,  a  charm  for  our  miseries,  a  protecting 
amulet  to  expell  sins  venorae,  an  attractive  loadstone  to 
draw  Gods  mercy  and  graces  unto  us.  "  Peccatum  vul- 
71US,  poenitentia  medicinam  ;  sin  made  the  breach,  repentance 
must  helpe  it;  howsoever  thine  offence  cauje  by  errour, 
sloath,  obstinacy,  igiiorauce,  e.iitur  per  poenitentiam,  this  is 

a CoDBcientia  meH  meruit  rlamniitionetn,   pcciiltentiu   uon  siillicit  ad   Ratisfactioiiem  : 
ned  tua  misericordia  superat  oiunem  uliensionem.  ^  Miilto  eflicacior  CbrLsti 

mors  in  honuni,  quani  peccata  noistra  in  m<ilum.  Christus  jxUentior  ad  s;d\andnm, 
ejuani  d.x'mon  ad  perdeiidiim.  "^  Perittis  mediciis  potest  omnrs  infirmitates 

tanare  ;  si  miscricors,  vidt.  d  Omiiipotenfi  medico  nullus  lanjjiior  iiisanabilis 

occiirrit :  tii  fanfum  doceri  te  sine,  innimni  ejus  ne  repelle  :  novit  <niid  .ngat ;  non 
tantiim  delecteris  cnm  fovet,  sed  toleres  cum  secat.  «-'Chry8,  bom.  3.  de 

poenit. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  583 

the  sole  meanes  to  be  relieved.  ^  Hence  comes  our  Lope  of 
safety,  by  this  alone  sinners  are  saved,  God  is  provoked 
to  mercy.  TJiis  iinlooseth  all  that  is  honnd,  eulirjhtneth 
darkness,  mends  that  is  broken,  puts  life  to  that  ichich  was 
desperately  dying :  makes  no  respect  ofofrences,  or  of  per- 
sons. ^This  doth  7iot  repell  a  J'ornicator,  reject  a  drunkardj 
resist  a  prondejellow,  turn  away  an  idolater,  hut  entertains 
all,  communicates  it  self'e  to  all.  Who  persecuted  the  church 
more  then  Paul,  offended  more  then  Peter  ?  and  yet  by  re- 
pentance (saith  Chrysologus)  they  got  both  magisterium  et 
m'misterinm  sanctitatis,  the  magistry  of  holiness.  The  pro- 
digall  son  went  far,  but  by  repentance  he  came  home  at  last. 
*^  This  alone  will  turn  a  woolf  into  a  sheep,  make  a  publican 
a  preacher,  turn  a  thorne  into  an  olive,  make  a  dehoshed  felloio 
religious,  a  blasphemer  sing  Halleluia,  make  Alexander  the 
copper-smith  truly  devout,  make  a  divel  a  saint;  '^  and  him 
that  polluted  Ids  mouth  ivilh  calumnies,  lying,  swearing  and 
Jilthy  tunes  and  tones,  to  purge  his  throat  icith  divine  psalms. 
Repentance  will  effect  prodigious  cures,  make  a  stupend  meta- 
morphosis. ./In  hank  came  into  the  ark,  and  went  out  again 
an  hauk  ;  a  lyon  came  in,  went  out  a  lyon  ;  a  bear,  a  bear  ;  a 
wool/',  a  wool/';  but  ij  an  hauk  came  into  this  sacred  temple 
oJ'repe7ita?ice,  he  will  go  forth  a  dove,  (saith  *  Chrysostome)  a 
woolf  go  out  a  sheep,  a  lyon  a  lamb.  ^  This  gives  sight  to 
the  blind,  legs  to  the  lame,  cures  all  diseases,  confers  grace, 
expels  vice,  inserts  vertue,  comforts  and  fortifies  the  soule. 
Shall  1  say,  let  thy  sin  be  what  it  will,  do  but  repeat,  it  is 
sufficient  ? 

g  Quern  poenitet  peccasse,  paene  est  innocens. 

'Tis  true  indeed  and  all  sufficient  this ;  they  do  confess,  if 
they  could  repent,  but  they  are  o])durate,  they  have  cauterized 
consciences,  they  are  in  a  reprobate  sense,  they  cannot  thinke 
a  good  thought,  they  cannot  hope  for  grate,  pray,  beleeve, 
repent,  or  be  sorry  for  their  sins,  they  tinde  no  griefe  for  sin 
in  themselves,  but  rather  a  delight,  no  groaning  of  spirit,  but 
are  carryed  headlong  to  their  own  destruction,  heaping  rvrath 
to  themselves  against  the  day  of  icrath,  Rom.  2.  5.     'Tis  a 


•>  Spcs  salutis  per  qnaui  peccatores  salvantur,  Dens  ad  misericordiam  provocntnr. 
Isidor.  Omnia  ligata  tii  solvis,  coutrita  sanas,  coninsk  lucidas,  desperata  aniinns. 
bChrys.  Iiom.  5.  Non  fornicatorem  abnuit,  non  ebriam  avertit,  non  superbum  re- 
pellit,  non  aversatur  idolatrara,  non  adulteriini,  sed  oiiines  suscipit,  ouinibns  com- 
municat.  e  Chrys.  horn.  5.  J  Qui  tavpihiis  cantilenis  nliqnando  inqui- 

navit  03,  divinis  hyninis  animumpurgabit.  «  Horn.  5.  lutroivit  hie  quis  acci- 

piter,  colutnba  exit ;  introivit  hipi-s,  ovis  egreditnr,  &c.  'Onines  languores  sauat, 

caecis  visum^  claudis  gtassum,  gratiam  confert,  &c.  B  Seneca. 


584  Iicli(/ious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

grievous  ca.«o  Ms  is  I  do  yeeld,  and  yet  not  to  be  despaired  of; 
Cod  of  his;  bounty  and  mercy  cals  a!i  to  repentance,  Rom.  2.  4. 
thon  maist  be  called  at  length,  restored,  taken  to  his  grace  as 
tlio  thiete  upon  the  cross,  at  the  last  hour,  as  Mary  Magdalen 
and  many  other  sinners  have  beon,   that   were  buried  In  sin. 
Cod  (saith    '  rnlgcntins)   is  delif/htpd  in  the  conversion  of  a 
sinner,  nr>  sets  no  time ;  prolixitas  iemporis  Deo  non  prcejudicat, 
ant  f/nwitas  peccaii,  deferring  of  time  or  grievousness  of  sin 
doe  not  prejudicate  his  grace;  tilings  past  and  to  come  are  all 
one  to  him  at  present,  'tis  never  too   late  to  repent.     ^  This 
heaven  of  repentance  is  still  open  for  all  distressed  sonles  ; 
and  howsoever  as  yet  no  signes  appear,  thou  maist  repent  in 
good  time.     Hear  a  comfortable  speech  ofS'.  Austin;  "^  What- 
soever thon  shah  doe,  how  great  a  sinner  soever,  thou  art  yet 
livimj  ;  if  God  would  not  helpe  thee,  he  icould  surely  take 
thee  away  ;  but  in  spuriny  thy  life,  he  gives  thee  leasnre,  and 
invites  thee  to  repentance^.      Howsoever  as  yet,  I  say,  thou 
perceivest  no  fruit,  no  feeling,  findest  no  likelihood  of  it  in 
thy  selfe,  patiently  abide  the  Lords  good  leisure,  despaire  not, 
or  thinke  thou  art  a  reprobate  ;  he  came  to  call  sinners  to  re- 
pentance, Luke  5.  3y.  of  which  number  thou  art  one  ;  he 
came  to  call  thee,  and  in  his  time  will  surely  call  thee.     And 
although  as  yet  thou  hast  no  inclination  to  pray,  to  repent, 
thy  faith  be  cold  and  dead,  and  thon  wholly  averse  from  all 
divine  functions,  yet  it  may  revive;  as  trees  are  dead  in  winter 
but  flourish  in  the  spring:   these  virtues  may  lye  hid  in  thee 
for  the  present,  yet  hereafter  shew  themselves,  and  peradven- 
ture  already  bud,  howsoever  thou  dost  not  perceive  it.     'Tis 
Satans  policy  to  plead  against,  suppress  and  aggravate,  to 
conceal  those  sparkes  of  faith  in  thee.     Thou  dost  not  beleeve 
thou  saist,  yet  thou  wouldst  beleeve  if  thou  couldst,  'tis  thy 
desire  to  beleeve ;  then  pray,  ^  Lord  helpe  my  nnheliefe  ;  and 
hereatier  thou  shalt  certainly  beleeve  :  «  dahitur  sitienti,  it 
shall  be  given  to  him  that  thirsteth.     Thou  canst  not  yet  re- 
pent, hereafter  thou  shalt ;   a  blacke  cloud  of  sin  as  yet  ob- 
nubilates thy  soule,  terrifies  thy  conscience,  but  this  cloud 
may  conceive  a  rain-bow  at  the  last,  and  be  quite  dissipated 
by  repejitance.    Be  of  good  cheer;  a  child  is  rationall  in  power, 
not  in  act;   and  so  art  thou  penitent  in  affection,  though  not 
yet  in  action.     'Tis  ihy  desire  to  please  God,  to  be  heartily 


»  Delectafm-  l)f  hs  ronversionc  peccatoris  ;  onme  tempiis  \  iise  conversioni  depnfatur ; 
pro  praeseiitihus  lialjciifiir  tani  praettrita  <|iunn  fiitnra.  ''Austin.  .Semper  po-ni- 

tentia  portns  opcrtns  est  lie  flesperennis.  <  Qiii<(|iii(l  f'eceris,  (|iiantuni<iiiiqne 

peccHverifl,  adliuc  in  vita  c»,  iinde  te  omnino  si  saiinif  lo  nnllet  DeuB,  aiilf-rret ;  parce ndo 
sJamat  ut  redeas,  &e.  <<  Malth.  6.  2.3.  e  Rev.  22.  17.  , 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  585 

sorry ;  comfort  thy  seif,  no  time  is  overpast,  'tis  never  too 
late.  A  desire  to  repent,  is  repentance  it  selfe,  though  not  in 
nature,  yet  in  Gods  acceptance  ;  a  v/iHiiig  niinde  is  sufficient, 
Blessed  are  they  that  hmger  and  t!>irst  after  rifjliteousness^ 
Mat.  b.  6.  He  t^iat  is  destitute  of  Gods  grace,  and  v/isheth 
for  it,  shall  have  it.  The  Lord  (saiJh  David,  Psal.  10. 17)  will 
hear  the  desire  of  the  poor,  that  is,  of  such  as  are  in  distress 
of  body  and  minde.  'Tis  true  thou  canst  not  as  yet  grieve 
for  thy  sin,  thou  hast  no  feeling  of  faith,  1  yeeld  ;  yet  canst 
thou  grieve,  thou  dost  not  grieve'?  It  troubles  thee,  lam  sure, 
thine  heart  should  be  so  impenitent  and  hard,  thou  wouldst 
liave  it  otherwise ;  'tis  thy  desire  to  grieve,  to  repent  and  be- 
leeve.  Thou  lovest  Gods  children  and  saints  in  the  mean 
time,  hatest  them  not,  persecutes!  them  not,  but  rather  wishest 
thy  selfe  a  true  professor,  to  be  as  they  are,  as  thou  thy  selfe 
hast  been  heretofore  :  which  is  an  evident  token  thou  art  in 
no  such  desperate  case.  'Tis  a  good  signe  of  thy  conversion, 
thy  sins  are  pardonable,  thou  art,  or  shalt  surely  l)e  reconciled. 
The  Lord  is  neer  them  that  are  of  a  contrite  heart,  Luke  4. 
18.  ^A  true  desire  of  mercy  in  the  want  of  mercy,  is  mercy 
it  selfe  ;  a  desire  of  grace  in  the  want  of  grace,  is  grace  it 
selfe;  a  con-^tant  and  earnest  desire  to  beleeve,  repent,  and  to 
be  reconciled  to  God,  if  it  be  in  a  touched  heart,  is  an  accep- 
tation of  God,  a  reconciliation,  faith  and  repentance  it  selfe. 
For  it  is  not  thy  faith  and  repentance,  as  ^  Chrysostome  truly 
teacheth,  that  is  available,  but  Gods  mercy  that  is  annexed  to 
it ;  he  accepts  the  will  for  the  deed  :  so  that  I  conclude,  to 
feel  in  ourselves  the  want  of  grace,  and  to  be  grieved  for  it, 
is  grace  it  selfe.  I  am  troubled  with  feare  my  sins  are  not 
forgiven,  careless  objects;  but  Bradford  answers,  they  are; 
for  God  hath  r/iven  thee  a  penitent  and  beleeving  heart,  that 
is,  an  heart  which  desireth  to  repmt  and  beleeve  ;  for  such  a 
one  is  taken  of  him  (he  accepting  the  iviUfor  the  deed  J  for  a 
truly  penitent  and  b'^lcevinq  heart. 

All  this  is  true  thou  repiyest,  but  yet  it  concerns  not  thee; 
'tis  verified  in  ordinary  offenders,  in  common  sins,  but  thine 
are  of  an  higher  strain,  evesj  against  the  Holy  Ghost  himselfe, 
irremissible  sins,  sins  of  the  first  magnitude,  written  with  a 
pen  of  iron,  engraven  with  the  point  of  a  diamond.  Thou 
art  worse  then  a  Pagan,  Infidel,  Jewe,  or  Turke,  for  thou  art 
an  apostate  and  more,  thou  hast  voluntarily  blasphemed,  re- 
nounced God,  and  all  religion,  thou  art  worse  then  Judas  him- 
selfe, or  they  that  crucified  Christ:  for  they  did  ofllende  out  of 
ignorance,  but  thou  hast  thought  in  thine  heart  there  is  no  God. 
Thou  bastgiven  thy  soule  to  the  dive!,  as  witches  and  conjurers 

•>  Aberuethy,  Perkins.  ^  Non  est  poenitentia,  sed  Dei  misericordia  annrxa. 


586  Religious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4, 

doe,  expf'icite  and  implicite,  by  compact,  bond,  and  obliga- 
tion (a  desperate,  a  tearful  case)  to  satisfy  thy  lust,  or  to  be 
revenged  of  thine  enemies;  tliou  didst  never  pray,  come  to 
churcli,  hear,  reade,  or  doe  any  divine  duties  with  any  de- 
votion, but  for  formality  and  fashion  sake,  Avith  a  kinde  of 
reluctancie;  'twas  troublesome  and  painful  to  thee  to  performs 
any  such  thing,  prcvter  voliuitafem,  against  thy  will.  Thou 
never  mad'st  any  conscienceof  lying,  swearing,  bearing  false 
witness,  murder,  adultery,  bribery,  oppression,  thefte,  drun- 
kenness, idolatrie,  but  bast  ever  done  all  duties  for  feare  of 
punishment,  as  they  were  most  advantageous,  and  to  thine 
owne  ends,  and  committed  all  such  notorious  sins,  with  an 
extraordinary  delight,  hating  that  tbou  shouldcst  love,  and 
loving  that  thou  shouldest  hate.  In  stead  of  faith,  feare  and 
love  of  God, repentance,  &c.  blasphemous  thoughts  have  been 
ever  harboured  in  his  minde,  even  against  God  himselfe,  the 
blessed  Trinitie  :  the  ^'►Scripture  false,  rude,  harsh,  immetho- 
dicall :  heaven,  bell,  resurrection,  meer  toyes  and  fables,  ^  in- 
credible, impossible,  absurd,  vaine,  ill  contrived  ;  religion, 
policie,  and  humane  invention,  to  keep  men  in  obedience;  or 
for  profit,  invented  by  priests  and  law-givers  to  that  purpose. 
If  there  be  any  such  supream  power  he  takes  no  notice  of  our 
doings,  hears  not  our  prayers,  regardeth  them  not,  will  not, 
cannot  helpe  ;  or  else  he  is  partiall,  an  excepter  of  persons, 
anthour  of  sin,  a  cruell,  a  destructive  God,  to  create  our 
soules,  and  destinate  them  to  eternall  damnation  ;  to  make  us 
worse  then  our  dogs  and  horses.  Why  doth  he  not  govern 
things  better,  protect  good  men,  root  out  wicked  livers?  why 
do  they  prosper  and  flourish?  as  she  raved  in  the  tragedy — 
pellices  cwlum  tenent,  there  they  shine, 

Suasque  Perseus  aureas  Stellas  habet. 
where  is  his  providence  ?  how  appears  it? 

Marmoreo  Licinus  tumulo  jacet,  at  Cato  parvo, 

Pomponius  nullo  ;  quis  puiet  esse  Dcos  ? 
Why  doth  he  suffer  Turkes  to  overcome  Christians,  the  enemy 
<o  triumph  over  his  church,  Paganisme  to  domineer  in  all  places 
as  it  doth, heresies tomultipIy,such  enormities  tobe  committed, 
and  so  many  such  bloudy  wars,  murders,  massancs,  plagues, 
ferall  diseases?  why  doth  he  not  make  us  all  good,  able, sound? 
why  makes  he  'Wcnomous  creatures,  rocks,  sands,  deserts,  this 


»  CiBciliiis  Minutio.     Omnia  ista  'fismenta  male  sanae  religionis,  et  inepta  solatia  a 
poetis  inventa,  vel  ab  aliisob  comnioduii),  superstitiosa  mysferia,  &c.  "jThese 

tempt-itions  and  objections  are  well  answered  in  John  Downams  Christian  warfare, 
c  Seneca.  ^  \  id.  Campanella  caj).  G.  Atlieis.  Trinoiphat.  frt  c.  2.  ad  arguujentum 

12.  ubi  plara.     Si  Deiis  bonus,  unde  colum,  &.c. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  4.]         Cure  of  Despair.  587 

earth  it  self  the  muckhill  of  the  >voiid,  a  prison,  an  house  of 
correction  ? 

^Mentimur  regnare  Jovem,  &c. 

Avifh  many  such  horrible  and  execrable  conceits,  not  fit  to  be 
littered  ;  terribilia  de  fide,  horribiliade  Divhiitate.  They  can- 
not, sonieof  them,  but  tbinke  evil;  they  are  compelled  volentes 
7iofentes,  to  blaspheme,  especially  when  they  come  to  church 
and  pray,  reade,  &c.  such  fowl  and  prodigious  suggestions 
come  into  their  hearts- 

These  are  abominable,  unspeakable  offences,  and  most  oppo- 
site to  God,  tentationesj'iedce  et  impice;  yet  in  this  case,  lie  or 
they  {hat  shall  be  tempted  and  so  aliected,  must  know,  that  no 
man  living-  is  free  from  such  thoughts  in  part,  or  at  some  times; 
the  most  divine  spirits  have  been  so  tempted  in  some  sort;  evil 
custome,  omission  ofhoiyexcercises,  ill  company,  idleness,soli- 
tariness,  melancholy,  or  depraved  nature,  and  the  devil  is  still 
ready  to  corrupt,  trouble,  and  divert  our  souls;  to  suggestsucli 
blasphemous  thoughts  into  our  pliantasies,  ungodly,  profane, 
monstrous  and  wicked  conceits.  If  they  come  from  Satan,  they 
are  more  speedy,  fearfull  and  violent,  the  parties  cannot  avoid 
them:  they  are  more  frequent,  I  say,  and  monstrous  when  they 
come;  for  the  divel  he  is  a  spirit,  and  hath  means  and  opportu- 
nitie  to  mingle  bimselfe  with  our  spirits,  and  sometimes  more 
slily,  sometimes  more  abruptly  and  openly,  to  suggest  such 
divelisb  thoughts  into  our  hearts.  Be  insults  and  domineers 
in  melancholy  distempered  phantasies  and  persons  especially  ; 
melancholy  is  balneum  diaboli,  as  Serapio  holds,  the  divels 
bath,andinviteshimtocometoit.  As  asicke  man  frets,  raves  in 
his  fits,  speakes  and  doth  he  knows  not  what,  the  divel  violently 
compels  such  crazed  soules,  to  thinke  such  damned  thoughts 
against  their  wils ;  they  cannot  but  do  it :  sometimes  more  con- 
tinuate,  or  by  fits,  he  takes  his  advantage,  as  the  subject  is  less 
able  to  resist;  he  aggravates,extenuates,affirmes,denies,damues, 
confounds  the  spirits,  troubles  heart,  braine,  humors,  organs, 
senses,  and  wholly  domineers  in  their  imaginations.  If  they 
proceed  from  themselves,  such  thoughts,  ihey  are  remiss  and 
moderate,  not  so  violent  and  monstrous,  not  so  frequent.  The 
divel  commonly  suggests  things  opposite  to  nature,  opposite 
to  God  and  his  word,  impious,  absurd,  such  as  a  man  would 
never  of  bimselfe,  or  could  not  conceive,  they  strike  terrour 
and  horrour  into  the  parties  owns  heart.  For  if  he  or  they  be 
asked  whether  they  do  approve  of  such  like  thoughts  or  no, 
they  answer  (and  their  owne  soules  truely  dictate  as  much) 
they  abhor  them  as  hell  and  the  divel  bimselfe,  they  Avould  fain 

2  Liican. 


58S  Reiigioui  Melancholtf.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

thinke  otherwise  if  they  roulcl ;  he  hath  thouglit  otherwise, 
and  with  nil  ijis  soule  desires  so  to  thinke  ng^ain  ;  he  doth  re- 
sist, nnd  hafli  some  g'ood  motions  infermixt  now  ai5(i  then  : 
so  (hat  such  blasphemous,  impious,  unclean  tIioui>hts,  are 
not  his  owne,  but  the  divels  ;  they  proceed  not  from  him,  but 
from  a  crazed  phantasie,  distempered  humors,  hlacke  fumes 
\vhich  ofiend  his  braine;  "they  are  tliy  crosses,  the  divelssins, 
.-^nd  he  shall  answer  for  them  ;  he  doth  enforce  thee  to  do  that 
Avhich  thou  dost  abhor,  and  didst  never  give  consent  to:  and 
althonoh  he  hath  sometimes  so  slily  set  upon  thee,  and  so  On- 
prevailed,  as  to  make  thee,  in  some  sort,  to  assent  to  such 
wicked  thouohts,  to  delight  in  them,  yet  they  have  not  pro- 
ceeded from  a  confirmed  will  in  thee,  but  are  of  that  nature 
Tvhich  thou  dost  afterv,-ards  reject  and  abhor.  Therefore  be 
not  overmuch  troubled  and  dismaid  with  tin's  kinde  of  sug- 
gestions, at  least  if  they  please  thee  not;  because  t'ley  are  not 
thy  personall  sins,  for  which  thou  shalt  incur  the  wrath  of 
God,  or  his  displeasure  :  contemne,  neglect  them,  let  them  go 
as  they  come,  strive  not  too  violently,  or  trouble  thy  selfe  too 
much,  but  as  our  Saviour  said  to  Satan  in  like  case,  say  thou, 
A  roidSatan^  1  detest  thee  and  them.  Satance  esl  mala  huferere^ 
(saith  Austin)  nostrvmnonconssntire:  as  Satan  labours  to  sug- 
gest, so  must  we  strive  not  to  give  consent,  and  it  will  be 
sufficient:  the  more  anxious  and  solicitous  thou  art,  the  more 
perplexed,  the  more  thou  shalt  otherwise  be  troubled,  and  en- 
tangled. Besides,  they  must  know  this,  all  so  molest«;d  and 
distempered,  that  although  these  be  most  execrable  and  grie- 
vous sins,  they  are  pardonable  yet,  through  Gods  mercy  and 
goodness  they  may  be  forgiven,  if  they  be  penitent  and 
sorry  for  them.  Paul  himselfe  confesseth,  Rom.  7.  19. 
He  did  not  the  good  he  would  doe,  hut  the  evil  which  he 
would  not  doe ;  'tis  not  I,  but  sin  .  that  dwelleth  in  me. 
'Tis  not  thou,  but  Satans  suggestions,  his  craft  and  subtilty, 
his  malice  :  comfort  thy  selfe  then  if  thou  be  penitent  and 
grieved,  or  desirous  to  be  so,  these  hainous  sins  shall  not  be 
laid  to  thy  charge.  Gods  mercy  is  above  all  sins,  which  if  thou 
doe  not  finally  centemne,  without  doubt  thou  shalt  be  saved. 
^  No  man  sins  ar/ainst  the  Hohj  Ghost,  hut  he  that  tvilfulbj 
and  finallif  rcnounceth  Christ,  and  contemneth  him  and  his 
word  to  the  last,  without  which  there  is  no  salvation  ;  from 
irhich  grievous  sin,  God  oj'  his  infinite  mrrni  deliver  us. 
Take  hold  of  this  to  be  thy  comfort,  and  meditate  withal]  on 
Gods  word,  labour  to  pray,  to  repent,  to  be  renewed  in  minde, 
keep  thine   heart  with  all  dilif/ence,   Prov.  4.  23.  resist  the 

"Perkins.  •' Heinminfiius.     Nemo  pecrat  in  Spiritnm  Sancdim,  nisi  qui  fina- 

liter  et  voliintarie  rennnciat  Christo,  (Hinqiie  ct  ejus  vrrlnim  c  xtrenio  coiiteiiuiit,  sine 
quo  nulla  salu8  ;  a  quo  ppcoato  liberet  nos  Douninna  Jpsus  Chrisfus.     Amen. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  G.]         Cure  of  Despair.  589' 

divel  and  he  will  fiye  from  thee,  pour  out  thy  soule  uuto  the 
Lord  with  sorrowful  Hannah,  praji  continualhi,  as  Paul  in- 
joyus,  and  a  David  did,  Psal.  1.  meditate  on  Ms  law  dau  and 
night. 

Yea,  but  this  meditation  is  (hnt  that  mars  all;  and  mistake  > 
makes  many  men  far  worse,  misconceiving*  all  they  re  ide  or 
hear,  to  their  owne  overtlirow.  The  more  tbey  search  and 
reade  Scriptures,  or  divine  treatises,  the  more  they  puzsfo 
themselves  ;  as  a  bird  in  a  net,  the  more  they  are  enta!ioIeJ 
and  precipitated  into  this  pre[)osterous  gulf.  Mnny  are  called, 
hut  few  are  chosen,  Mat.  20.  16.  and  2?.  14.  with  such  like 
places  of  scripture  misinterpreted,  strike  ihem  with  horrour  ; 
they  doubt  presently  whether  they  be  of  this  number  or  no. 
Gods  etcrnall  decree  of  predestination,  absolute  reprobation, 
and  such  fatall  tables  they  form  to  their  owne  ruine,  and  im- 
pinge upon  this  rocke  of  despair.  How  slsaJi  they  be  assured 
of  tlieir  salvation,  by  whatsignes?  If  the  riahteous  scarcely 
be  saved,  inhere  shall  the  ungodhj  and  sinners  appear?  1  Pet. 
4.  IS.  Who  knowes,  saith  Solomon,  v/hetlier  he  be  elect? 
This  grindes  their  sonles ;  how  shall  they  discern  th.ey  are 
not  reprobates  ?  But  1  say  ag-ain,  how  shall  they  discern  they 
are?  From  the  divel  can  be  no  certainly,  forLe  is  a  lyarfrom 
the  beginning- ;  If  he  suggest  any  such  thing,  as  too  frequently 
he  doth,  reject  him  as  a  deceiver,  an  enemy  of  humane  kind; 
dispute  not  with  him,  give  no  credittohim.  obstinately  refuse 
him,  as  S'.  Anthony  did  in  the  vt^iliiernessjwhom  the  divel  set 
upon  in^severall  sliapes;  or  as  the  collier  did,  so  do  thou  by 
him.  For  when  the  divel  tempted  him  with  the  weakness  of 
his  faith,  and  told  him  he  could  not  be  saved,  at;  being-  igno- 
rant in  the  princi[>les  of  religion  ;  and  urged  himnioreoverto 
know  what  he  beleeved,  what  he  thought  of  .such  and  .such 
points  and  mysteries:  the  collier  und  h'nv,,  he  btileeved  as  the 
church  did;  but  what  (said  the  divel  again)  dotli  the  church 
beleeve?  as  I  doe  (said  the  collier)  and  wh;>t's  thatlhou  be- 
leevest.^  as  the  church  doth,  &e.  v.hen  the  divel  could  get  no 
other  answer,  he  left  him.  If  Satan  sumnson  thee  to  ariswer, 
send  him  to  Christ:  he  is  thy  liberty,  thy  protector  against 
cruell  death,  ragingsin.  that  roaring  lyon  ;  he  is  thy  righteous- 
ness, thy  saviour,  and  thy  life.  Though  he  say,  thou  art  not 
of  the  number  of  the  elect,  a  reprobate,  forsaken  of  God,  hold 
thine  own  still, 

hie  mums  aheneus  esto, 

Let  this  be  as  a  bulwark,  a  brazen  wall  to  defend  thee,  stay 
thy  selfe  in  that  certaiuty  of  faith  ;  let  that  be  thy  comflDrt, 
CHRIST  will  protect  thee,  vindicate  thee,  thou  art  one  of 
his  flocke,  he  will  triumph  over  the  law,  vanquish  death,  over- 


590  IteiKjioua  Malaiic/ioli/.  [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

como  (lie  (livel,  and  destroy  liell.  If  he  say  thou  art  none 
of  the  elect,  no  heleever,  reject  him,  defie  him,  thou  hast 
thoui>ht  otherwise,  and  maist  so  he  resolved  ag^ain;  comforte 
thy  selfe:  this  perswasjon  cannot  conie  from  the  divel,  and 
ninch  less  can  it  be  grounded  from  thy  selfe;  men  are  lyars, 
and  M'hy  shouldest  thou  distrust?  A  denying  Peter,  a  perse- 
cuting- Paul,  an  adulterous  cruell  David,  have  been  received; 
an  apostate  Solomon  njay  be  converted  ;  no  sin  at  all  but  im- 
penitency  can  give  testimony  of  finall  reprobation.  ^Vhy 
shouldest  thou  then  distrust,  misdoubt  tliy  selfe,  upon  what 
ground,  what  suspitio:i  ?  This  opinion  alone  of  particularity  ? 
Against  that,  and  for  the  certainty  of  election  and  salvation  on 
the  other  side,  see  Gods  good  will  towards  men  ;  hear  how 
generally  his  grace  is  proposed  to  him,  and  him,  and  thern, 
each  man  in  particular,  and  to  all.  I  Tim.  3.  4.  God  tcillthat 
all  men  he  saved,  and  come  to  the  knowledffe  of  the  truth.  'Tis 
an  universal]  pronuse,  God  sent  not  hhs  Son  into  the  ivorld  to 
condenine  the  icorld,  b?ft  that  through  him  the  ivorld  miaht  be 
saved.  John.  3.  17.  He  then  that  acknowledgeth  himselfe  a 
nmn  in  the  world,  must  likewise  acknowledge  he  is  of  that 
number  that  is  to  be  saved  :  Ezek.  o3.  11.  /  will  not  the  death 
of  a  sinner,  but  that  he  repent  and  live :  But  thou  art  a  sinner, 
therefore  he  wills  not  thy  death.  This  is  the  trill  oj'  him  that 
sent  me,  that  every  man  that  heleeveth  in  the  Son,  should  have 
ever  lasting  life,  John  ().  40.  He  would  have  no  man  perish,  but 
all  come  to  repentance,  2  Pet.  H.  9.  Besides  remission  of 
sins  is  to  be  preached,  not  to  a  fewe,  but  universally  to  all 
men.  Goe  therefore  and  tell  all  nations,  baptizinr/  them,  ^-c. 
Matth.  2S.  19.  Goe  into  all  the  world,  and  preach  the  Gospel 
to  every  creature,  Mark  13.  1.5.  Now  there  cannot  be  con- 
tradictory wills  in  Cod  ;  he  will  have  all  saved,  and  not  all; 
how  can  this  stand  together?  be  secure  then,  beleeve,  trust 
in  him,  hope  mcH  and  be  saved.  Yea  that's  the  main  matter, 
liov/  shall  I  beieeve  or  discern  my  security  from  carnall  pre- 
sumption ?  my  faith  is  .veake  and  faint ;  I  want  those  signes 
and  fruits  ofsanctiHcation,  ''sorrow  for  sin,  thirsting  for  grace, 
groanings  of  the  spirit,  love  of  Christians  as  Christians,  avoid- 
ing occasion  of  sin,  endeavour  oinew  obedience,  charity,  love 
of  God,  perseverance.  Though  these  signes  be  languishing  ia 
thee,  and  not  seated  in  thine  heart,  thou  nuist  not  therefore  be 
dejected  or  lerriHed:  tin.'  efi'ects  of  the  faith  and  spiritare  not 
yet  so  fully  felt  in  tliee;  conchule  not  therefore  thou  art  a  re- 
probate, or  doubt  of  thine  election  ;  because  the  elect  them- 
selves are  witiiout  them,  before  their  conversion.  Thou  inaist 
in  the  Lords  good  time  be  converted,  some  are  called  at  the 

»  Ahernethy. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  501 

11'"  hour :  Use,  1  say,  the  meanes  of  thy  conversion,  expect 
tlie  Lords  leasure,  if  not  yet  called,  pray  thou  niaist  be,  or  at 
least  wisli  and  desire  thou  maist  be. 

Notwithstanding-  all  this  which  might  be  said  to  this  effect, 
to  ease  their  afflicted  mindes,  and  what  comfort  our  best  di- 
vines can  afford  in  this  case,  Zanchius,  Beza,  &c.  this  furious 
curiosity,  needless  speculation,  fruitless  meditation  about  elec- 
tion, reprobation,  free-will,  grace,  such  places  of  scripture 
preposterously  conceived,  torment  slil!,  and  crucifie  thesoules 
of  too  many,  and  set  all  the  world  together  by  the  eares.  To 
avoid  which  inconveniences,  and  to  settle  their  distressed 
mindes,  to  mitigate  those  divine  aphonsmes,  (though  in  ano- 
ther extream  some)  our  late  Arminians  have  revived  that 
plausible  doctrine  of  universal  grace,  which  many  fathers,  our 
late  Lutheran  and  moderne  Papists  do  still  maintain,  that  we 
have  free-will  of  our  selves,  and  that  grace  is  common  to  all 
that  will  beleeve.  Some  ag-ain,  though  less  orthodoxicall, 
will  have  a  far  greater  part  saved  then  shall  be  damned,  (as 
'^  Caelius  Secundus  stifly  maintains  in  his  book,  Ue  amplitu- 
dine  regni  ccelestis,  or  some  isnpostour  under  his  Jiame)  bea- 
tornm  Humerus  miilto  major  quam  danmatorum.  ^  He  calls  that 
other  tenent  of  speciall  '^election  atid  reprobation,  a prcejudi- 
cafe,  envious  and  malitious  opinion,  apt  to  draw  all  men  to  des- 
peration. Many  are  called, Jew  chosen,  §c.  He  opposeth 
some  opposite  parts  of  scripture  to  it.  Christ  came  into  the 
world  to  save  sinners,  8j-c.  And  four  especiall  arguments  he 
produceth  ;  oiie  from  Gods  power.  If  more  be  damned  than 
saved,  he  erroneously  concludes,  'ithe  divel  hath  the  greater 
soveraigntie  ;  lor  what  is  power,  but  to  protect  *?  and  majestie 
consists  in  multitude.  IJ'  the  divel  have  the  greater  part, 
where  is  his  mercjf,  where  is  his  power  ?  how  is  he  Deus  Op- 
timus  Maximus,  niisericors?  &c.  where  is  his  greatness,  where 
his  goodness  ?  He  proceeds,  *  We  account  him  a  murderer  that 
is  accessary  onely,  or  doth  not  helpe  when  he  can ;  ichich  may 
not  be  supposed  of  God  icithoiil  great  offence  ;  because  he  may 
doe  what  he  tcill,  and.  is  othencise  accessary,  and  the  uuthour 
of' $171.  The  nature  oj'  good  is  to  be  communicated,  God  is 
good,  and,  will  not  then  be  contracted  in  his  goodness :  J'or  hoio 
is  he  the  Father  of  mercy  and  comforte,  if  his  good  concern 
but  a  few  '^  O  envious  and  unthanlfdll  men  io  thin/c  otherwise! 


a  See  whole  books  of  tliese  argucaents.  ''Lib.  .3.  fol.  122.  Pri'jufbcata 

opinio,  iiivida,  maligna,  et  ai)ta  aci  impeilenfios  animos  in  desperationeai.  «8ee  the 

Antidote  in  Chamiers,  torn.  3.  lib.  7.     Downams  Christian  warfare,  ike.  "'Poten- 

tior  est  Deo  iliabolus,  et  inundi  priuceps,  et  in  multitudine  hotninam  sita  est  majestas. 
e  Homicida,  qui  tion  siibvenit  qutim  potest ;  hoc  de  Deo  sine  scelere  cogitari  non  potest, 
utpote  quuni  quod  vult  licet.  Boni  natura  coinraunicari.  Bonus  Dens,  quomodo  mise- 
rlcordias  pater,  &  c. 


592  Religious  Melancholy,         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

'  Why  should  we  pray  to  Ood  that  are  Gentiles,  and  thanke 
hhnj'or  his  mercies  and  benefits,  that  hath  damned  ns  all  inno- 
cnonsj'or  Adams  offence,  one  mans  offence,  one  small  offence, 
eating  of  an  apple;  why  should  we  acknowledge  him  for  our 
governoiir  (hat  hath  wholly  neglected  the  salvation  of  our 
soules,  contemned  ns,  and  sent  no  prophets  or  instructors  to 
teach  us,  as  he  hath  done  to  the  Hebrewes  ?  So  Julian  the 
apostate  objects.  A*'hy  should  these  Christians  (Cajlius 
nrgeth)  reject  us  and  appropriate  God  unto  themselves  ? 
Denni  ilium  snum  unicnm,  cV*".  But  to  return  to  our  fori^ed 
Caelius.  At  last  he  couics  to  that,  he  wUI  have  those  saved  that 
never  heard  of,  or  beleeved  in  Christ,  ex  pvris  naturalihus, 
with  the  Pelagians,  and  proves  it  out  of  Origen  and  others. 
They  (saith  "^  Origen)  that  never  heard  Gods  word,  are  to  he 
excused  for  their  ignorance :  we  may  not  think  God  will  he 
so  hard,  angry,  cruell  or  injtist  as  to  condemne  any  man  in- 
dicta  causa.  They  alone  (he  holdes)are  in  the  state  of  damna- 
tion that  refuse  Christs  mercy  and  grace,  when  it  is  offered. 
Many  v/orthy  Greekes  and  Romans,  good  moral  honest  men, 
that  kept  the  law  of  Nature,  did  to  others  as  they  would  be 
done  to  themselves,  are  as  certainly  saved,  he  concludes,  as 
they  were  that  lived  uprightly  before  the  law  of  Moses.  They 
were  acceptable  in  Gods  sight,  as  Job  was,  tlie  Magi,  the 
queene  of  Sheba,  Darius  of  Persia,  Socrates,  Aristides,  Cato, 
Curius,  TuUy,  Seneca,  and  many  other  philosophers,  up- 
right livers,  no  matter  of  v/hat  religion,  as  Cornelius,  out 
of  any  nation,  so  that  he  live  honestly,  ca]l  on  God,  trust 
in  him,  feare  him,  he  shall  be  saved.  This  opinion  was  for- 
merly maintained  by  the  Yalentinian  and  Basiledian  here- 
tiques;  revived  of  late  in  '^^  Turkic,  ofwhich  sect  Rustan  Bassa 
was  patron,  defended  by  "^Galeatius  Martins,  and  some  an- 
cient fathers ;  aiid  later  times  favoured  by  ^  Erasmus,  by 
Zuinglius  in  e.rposit.  fidei  ad,  Regem  Gallia^,  whose  tenet 
Bnllinger  vindicates,  and  Gualter  approves  in  a  just  apology, 
with  niany  arguments.  Th.ere  be  many  Jesuites  that  follow 
these  Calvinisls  in  this  behalfe ;  Franciscus  Buchsius  Mog*un- 
tinus,  Andradius  Consil.  Trident,  many  schoohnen  that  out 
of  the  llom.  2.  14,  15.  are  verily  perswaded  that  those  good 
workes  of  the  Gentiles  did  so  for  please  God,  that  they  might 
vitam  wternam  promereri,  and  be  saved  in  the  end.  Se- 
sellius,  and   Bcnedictus  Justinianus  in   his  Comment  on  the 


a  Vide  Cyrillunilib.  4.  aJversiis  Jnliariiiiii.  Qui  potcrimus  illigratias  agere,  qui  nohis 
non  niisit  Mosen  et  prophctas,  et  couternpsit  bona  aniinarum  iiostrarum  ?  l)  Venia 

danda  est  iis  qui  non  audiunt  ob  ipnorantiam.  Non  est  tatii  iniqmis  judex  Deus,  ut 
quenquam  indictii  causa  damnare  velit.  II  .solum  damnantiir,  qui  oblataui  Christ!  gia- 
tiam  rejiciunt  <■  Busbeqnius  Loniceriis  Tur.  hist.JTo.  1.  I.  'i.  |  ■!  Clem.  Altx. 

*  Paulus  Jovius  elog.  lii-.  iilust  | 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6. J  Cure  of  Despair.  593 

first  of  the  Romans,  Mathias  Ditmarsh  the  polititian,  with 
many  others,  liold  a  mediocrity,  they  may  be  satutenon  indicpii, 
but  they  will  not  absolutely  decree  it.  Hofmannus,  a  Lu- 
theran professour  of  Helmstad,  and  many  of  his  followers, 
with  most  of  our  church,  and  papists  are  stiffe  against  it. 
Franciscus  Collins  hath  fully  censured  all  opinions  in  his  five 
Books  (le  Pagayiorvm  animabus past  mortem^  and  amply  dilated 
this  question,  which  who  so  will  may  peruse.  But  to  return 
to  my  author;  his  conclusion  is,  that  not  only  wicked  livers, 
blasphemers,  reprobates,  and  such  as  reject  Gods  grace,  but 
that  the  divels  themselves  shall  be  saved  at  last,  as  ^Origen  long- 
since  delivered  in  his  workes;  and  our  late  ^  Socinians  defend 
Ostorodius,  cap.  41.  i7istit7it.  Smaltius,  c^c.  Those  termes  of 
all  and  for  ever  in  scripture,  are  not  eternall,  but  only  denote  , 
a  longer  time,  which  by  many  examples  they  prove.     The  ;/       ■ 

worWshaU  end  like  a  comoedy,  and  we  shall  meet  at  fast  lii 
heaven,  and  live  in  bliss  togetlier;  or  else  in  conclusion,  in 
niliil  evanescence.     For  how  can  he  be  merciful  that  shall  con- 
demne  any  creature  to  eternall,  unspeakable  punishment,  for 
one  small  temporary  fault,  all  posterity,  so  many  myriades,  for 
one  and  another  mans  oifence,  qvkl  mernistis  oves  ?    But  these 
absurde   paradoxes  are  exploded  by  our  church  ;  vre  teach 
otherwise.  That  this  vocation,  predestination,  election,  repro- 
bation, non  ex  corruptd,  massd,  prcevisd  fide,  as  our  Arminians, 
or  ex  pravisis  operibus,  «s  bur  papists,  rion  ex prcEteritione,  but 
Gods  absolute  decree^aute  mundum  creatttm,  (as  many  of  our 
church  holde)  was  from  the  beginning,  before  the  foundation 
of  the  world  was  laid,  or  homo  conditits,  (or  from  Adams  fall, 
as  others  will, /to??io  lapsus  objectume.^treprobatiojiis)  ■with  per- 
severantia  sanctorum,  we  must  be  certain  of  our  Salvation;  we 
may  fall  but  not  finally,  which  our  Arminians  will  not  admit. 
According  to  his  immutable,  eternall,  just  decree  and  counselL 
of  saving  men  and  angels,  God  cais  all,  and  ^yould  have  all  to  ^  ri-      *' 
be  saved  according  to  the  efficacy  of  vocation  :  all  are  invited, ' '  '         -^  \  V  '" 
but  onely  the  elect  apprehended  :  the  rest  that  are  unbeleeving,    r  -^i^***  >; 
impenitent,    whom   God  in  his  just  judgement  leaves  to   be    .'4,^^\ 
punished  for  their  sins,  are  in  a  reprobate  sense;  yet  Ave  must  -^^  f  -  . 

not  determine  who  are  such,  condemne  our  selves  or  others,  '^^^.^j**?  ' 
because  we  have  an  universal  invitation ;  all  are  commanded     '      r:|^^*-^^ 
to  beleeve,  and  we  know  not  how  soon  or  late  before  our  end      ^Mjj     .  iH 
v/e  may  be  received.     Imi^hthave  said  more  of  this  subject,      ..i-^"^^^-. 
but  forasmuch  as  it  is  a  forbidden  queslion  ;  and  in  the  preface    '-^"^ '  ,^.^ 

or  declaration  to  the  articles  of  the  church,  printed  1633,  to 

a  Non  homines  sed  et  ipsi  daenaones  aliqaando  servandi.  i-  Vid.  Pelsii 

Harmoniam  art.  22.  p.  2. 

VOL.   II.  Q   Q 


594:  Religious  Melancholij.        [Part.  3.  Sec  .4. 

aroid  factions  and  altercations,  we  that  are  universitie  divines 
especially,  are  prohibited  all  curious  searche,  f.opriui  or  preach, 
or  (hate  the  article  aside  h\f  our  orcn  sense  and  comments,  upon 
pain  oj' ecclesiasticall  censure,  I  will  surcease,  and  conclude 
with  ^  Erasmus,  of  such  controversies  :  Puffuet  qui  volet ;  ego 
censeo  leges  majorum  reverenter  suscipiendas,  et  religiose  obser- 
vandas,  velut  a  Deo  profectas ;  nee  esse  tntum,  nee  esse  pinm, 
de  potestate puhlicd  sinistrani  concipere  ant  severe  suspicionem. 
Et  si  (juid  est  tgrannidis,  rjuod  tamen  non  cngat  ad  impiet- 
atem,  satins  estferre,  cpiam  seditiose  rehictari. 

But  to  my  foruier  taske.  The  last  main  torture  and  trouble 
of  a  distressed  niinde,  is  not  so  much  this  doubte  of  election, 
and  that  the  promises  of  g-race  are  smothered  and  extinct  in 
them,  nay  quite  blotted  out,  as  they  suppose,  but  withall  Gods 
heavy  v,rath,  a  most  intolerable  pain  and  griefe  of  heartseizeth 
on  tbem.  To  their  thinking,  they  are  already  damned;  they 
siifTer  the  paines  of  hell,  and  more  then  possibly  can  be  ex- 
pressed; they  smell  brimstone,  talk  familiarly  with  divels,  hear 
and  see  chimeras,  prodigious,  uncouth  shapes,  bears,  owls, 
antique,  black  doos,  fiends,  hideous  outcries,  fearfull  noises, 
shreeks,  lamentable  complaintes,  they  are  possessed,  and 
through  ''impatience  they  ronre  and  howle,  curse,  blaspheme, 
deny  God,  call  his  power  into  question,  abjure  religion,  and 
are  still  ready  to  offer  violence  unto  tiiemselves,  by  hanging, 
drowning,  &c.  Never  any  miserable  wretch  from  the  begin- 
ning" of  the  world,  was  in  such  a  wofull  case.  To  such  persons 
I  oppose  Gods  mercy  and  his  justice;  /^^rf/cia  Dei  occulta,  non 
injusta:  his  secret  counsell  and  just  judgement,  by  which  he 
spares  some,  and  soro  afflicts  others  againin  thislife :  his  judge- 
ment is  to  be  adored,  trembled  at,  not  to  be  searched  or  en- 
quired after  by  morfali  men  ;  he  hath  reasons  reserved  to  him 
selfe,  which  our  frailty  cannot  apprehend.  He  may  punish  all 
if  he  Avill,  and  that  justly,  for  siu;  in  that  he  doth  it  in  some, 
is  to  make  a  way  for  his  mercie  that  they  repent  and  be  saved ; 
to  heal  them,  to  trye  them,  exercise  their  patience,  and  make 
them  call  upon  him;  to  confess  their  sins  and  pray  unto  him, 
as  David  (lid,  Psal,  119-  137.  Righteous  art  thou,  O  Lord  and 
just  are  thg  judgements.  As  the  poor  publican,  Luke  18.  13. 
Lord  have  mercy  upon  me  a  miseraule  sinrier.  To  put  con- 
fidence and  have  an  assured  hope  in  him.  as  Job  had  IS,  15. 
Though  he  kill  me,  I  rcill  trust  in  him  :  Ure,  seca,  occide,  O 
Domiue,  (saith  Austin)  mado  serves  animam,  kill,  cut  in  pieces, 
burne  my  body  (O  Lord)to  save  mysoule.     A  small  sickness. 


'  Epist  Eras  mi  de  ntilitate  colloquior.  ad  lecforem.  ''  Vastata  conscientia 

seq\iit!ir  sf-nsns  irre  flivinse,  (Heininjiim)  fremitus  cordis,  ingens  aniniie  cruciatus,  &c 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6,]  Cure  of  Despair.  595 

one  lash  of  affliction,  a  little  miserie,  many  times,  will  more 
humiliate  a  man,  sooner  convert,  bring  him  home  to  know 
himselfe,  then  all  those  paraenetical  discourses,  the  whole 
theory  of  philosophy,  luw,  physicke,  and  divinity,  ora  world  of 
instances  and  examples.  So  that  this,  which  they  take  to  be 
such  an  insupportable  plague,  is  an  evident  signe  of  Gods 
mercie  and  justice,  of  his  love  and  goodness:  periissent  nisi 
periissent,  had  they  not  thus  been  undone,  they  had  finally 
been  undone.  Many  a  carnall  man  is  lulled  asleep  in  perverse 
securitie,  foolish  presumption,  isstupified  in  his  sins,  and  hath 
no  feeling  at  all  of  them,  I  have  sinned  (he  saith)  and  what 
evill  shall  come  unto  me,  Ecclus.  5.  4.  and  tush,  hoic  shall  God 
know  it?  And  so  in  a  reprobate  sense  goes  down  to  hell. 
But  here,  Cfpithius  anrem  vellit,  God  pulls  them  by  the  eare, 
by  affliction,  he  will  bring-  them  to  heaven  and  happiness  ; 
Blessed  are  they  that  monrne,  for  they  shall  be  coniforted,  Matth. 
5,  4.  a  blessed  and  an  happy  state,  if  considered  aright,  it  is, 
to  be  so  troubled.  It  is  good  for  me  that  I  have  heenaffiicted^ 
Psal.  119.  before  I ivas  afflicted  I  ivent  astray  ;  hit  noiv  I keepe 
thy  word.  Tribulation  ivorkes  patience,  patience  hope.  Rom. 
5.  4.  and  by  such  like  crosses  and  calamities  we  are  driven 
from  the  state  of  securitie.  So  that  affliction  is  a  school  or 
academy,  wherein  the  best  schollars  are  prepared  to  the  com- 
mencements of  the  Deity.  And  though  it  be  most  trouble- 
some and  grievous  for  the  time,  yet  know  this,  it  comes  by 
Gods  permission  and  providence,  he  is  a  spectator  of  thy 
groanes  and  teares,  still  present  with  thee,  the  very  hairs  of 
thy  head  are  numbred,  not  one  of  them  can  fail  to  the  ground 
without  the  express  will  of  God  :  he  v.'ill  not  suffer  thee  to  be 
tempted  above  measure,  he  corrects  us  all  ^  numero  pondei'e, 
etmensurd;  the  Lord  will  not  quench  the  smoaking  flaxe,  or 
breake  the  bruised  reed.  Tentat  (saith  Austin)  non  ut  obruat, 
sed  ut  coronet,  he  suffers  thee  to  be  temptetl  for  thy  good. 
And  as  a  mother  doth  handle  her  child  sicke  and  %yeak,  not 
reject  it,  but  with  all  tenderness  observe  and  keepe  it,  so  doth 
God  by  us,  not  forsake  us  in  our  miseries,  or  relinquish  us 
for  our  imperfections,  but  with  all  piety  and  compassion  sup- 
port and  receive  us:  whom  he  loves  he  loves  to  the  end. 
Rom.  8.  Whom  he  hath  elected,  those  he  hath  called,  justijied, 
sanctifed  and  ylorijied.  Think  not  then  |hou  hast  lost  the 
spirit,  that  thou  art  forsaken  of  God,  be  not  overcome  with 
heaviness  of  heart,  but  as  David  said,i  xmll  not  fecre  thonyh 
I  walk  in  the  shadows  of  death.  We  must  all  go,  non  a  de- 
liciis  ad  delicias,  but  from  the  crosse  to  the  crowne,  by  hell  to 


596  Religious  Melanchol If.       [Part.  3.  Sec,  4. 

beavi'ii,  as  the  old  Roiuans  put  Vertiies  temple  in  the  way  Xo 
that  of  Honour:  we  must  endure  sorrow  and  miserie  in  this 
lite.     'Tis  no  new  thiii^-  this,  Gods  best  servants  and  dearest 
children  have  been  so  visited  and  tryed.     Christ  in  the  garden 
crvcd  out,  .1///  God,  my  God,  ichy  hast  thoii.J'orsnken  me?  his 
son  by  nature,  as  thou  art  by  adoption  and  grace.   Job  in  his 
anguish  said,  The  arroves  of  the  Almir/hty  God  were  in  him, 
Job.  (j.  4.     His  terroiirsfovfiht  ar/ainst  him,  the  venome dratike 
vp  his  spirit,  cap.  13.  2().   He  saith,  God  icns  his  enemie,  writ 
hitter  thinr/s  ar/ainst  him,   (16.    9.)    hated  him.     His  heavy 
M  rath  had  so  seized  on  his  soule.   David  complains,  His  e\j^s 
were  eaten  up.,  sunk  into  his  head,  Ps.  0.  7.  His  moisture  he- 
came  as  the  drought  in  summer,  his  flesh  teas  consumed,  his 
hones  vexed:  yet  neither  Job  nor  David  did  finally  despair. 
Job  would  not  leave  his  hold,  but  sfill  trust  in  hiu),  acknow- 
ledging him  to  be  his  good  God.      The  Lord  gives,  the  Lord 
takes,  blessed  he  the  name  of  the  Lord,  Job.   1.  21.  Behold  I 
am  vile,  I  abhor  my  selfe,  repent  in  dust  and  ashes.  Job.  40.4. 
David   humbled  himself,   Psal.  31    and  upon  his  confession 
received  mercie.     Faith,  hope,  repentance,  are  the  soveraign 
cures  and  remedies,  the  sole  comforts  in  this  case  ;  confess, 
htmjble  thy  self,  repent,  it  is  sutTicient.     Quod  purpura  non 
potest,  saccus  potest,  saith  Chrysostome  :  the  King-  of  Ninives 
sackcloth  and  ashes  did  that  which  his  purple  robes  and  crowne 
could  not  effect;  Quod  diadema  non potJiit,  cinisperfecit .  Turn 
to  him,  he  Avill  turn  to  thee  :  The  Lord  is  neer  those  that  are 
of  a  contrite  heart,  and  will  save  such  as  be  afflicted  in  spirit, 
P.sal.  34.  IB.  He  came  to  the  lost  sheep  of  Israel,  Mat.  15.  14. 
Si  cadeniem  intnetur,  clementire  vianum  pratendit,  he  is  at  all 
times  ready  to  assist    JWnrjuam  spernit  Deus  poenitentiam,  si 
sincere  et  simpliciter  offeratur,  he  never  rejects  a  penitent  sin- 
ner, though  he  have  come  to  the  full  height  of  iniquity,  wal- 
lowed and  delighted  in  sin;  yet  if  he  will  forsake  his  former 
Avayes,  libentcr  amplexatur,  he  will  receive  him.     Parcam  huic 
homini,  sa\th  "^ Aust'iu,  (ex  persona  Dei)  qiiia  sibi  ipsi  non  pe- 
percit ;  igyioscam  quia  peccatum  agnovit.     I  will  spare  him  be- 
cause he  hath  not  spared  himselfe ;  1  will  pardon  him,  because 
he  doth  acknowledge  his  offence;  let  it  be  never  so  enormous 
a  sin  his  grace  is  sufficient,  2  Cor.   12.  9.      Despair  not  then, 
faint  not  at  all,  be  not  dejected,  but  rely  on  God,  call  on  him  in 
thy  trouble,  and  he  will  hear  thee,  he  will  assist,  helpe,  and 
deliver  thee  :   Draw  neer  to  him,  he  will  draw  neer  to  thee. 


.Super.  Psal.  5"2.      Convertar  afJ  libtrandiim  eum,  quia  conversiis  est  ad  peccatiuu 
suuni'pnnienduin. 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  597 

Jam.  4.  S.     Lazarus  was  poor  and  full  of  boyles,  and  yetstiJI 
be  relied  upon  God  ;  Abrabam  did  hope  beyond  hope. 

Thou  exceptest,  these  were  chiefe  men,  divine  spirits,  Deo 
chciri,  beloved  of  God,  especially  respected  ;  but  1  am  a  con- 
temptible and  fori orne  wretch,  forsakenof  God,  andleftto  the 
merciless  fury  of  evil  spirits.  I  cannot  hope,  pray,  repent,  &c. 
Ho'vv  often  shall  I  say  it!  thou  maist  performe  all  thes(>  duties, 
christian  offices,  and  be  restored  in  g-ood  time.  A  sicke  man 
loseih  l}is  appetite,  streno'th  and  ability,  his  disease  prevaileth 
so  far,  that  all  his  faculties  are  spent,  hand  and  foot  performe 
nottheir  duties, hiseys  are  dimme,  hearing  dull,  tongue  distasts 
thing's  of  pleasant  relish,  yet  nature  lies  hid,  recovereth  again, 
and  expelleth  all  those  foecu'ent  matters  by  vomit,  sweat,  or 
some  such  like  evacuations.  Thou  art  spiritually  sicke,  thine 
heart  is  heavy,  thy  mi  nde  distressed,  thou  maist  happily  recover 
again,  expell  those  dismal!  passions  of  feare  and  griefe :  God 
did  not  suffer  thee  to  be  tempted  above  measure ;  whom  he 
loves  (I  say)  he  loves  to  the  end;  hope  the  best.  David  in 
his  misery  prayed  to  the  Lord,  remembring  how  he  had  for- 
merly dealt  with  him;  and  with  that  meditation  of  Gods 
mercy  confirmed  his  faith,  and  pacified  his  own  tumultuous 
heart  in  his  greatest  agony.  O  mjj  soule,  u-hj/  art  thou  so  dis- 
quieted within  me^  Src.  Thy  souie  is  eclipsed  for  a  time,  I 
yeeld,  as  the  sun  is  shadowed  by  a  cloude  ;  no  doubt  but  those 
gratious  beames  of  Gods  mercie  will  shine  upon  thee  again, 
as  they  have  formerly  done  ;  those  embers  of  faith,  hope  and 
repenteuce,  now  buried  in  ashes,  Avill  flame  out  afresh,  and  be 
fully  revived.  Want  of  faith,  no  feeling'  of  grace  for  the  pre- 
sent, are  not  fit  directions  ;  we  must  live  by  faith,  not  by 
feeling-;  'tis  the  beginning  of  giace  to  wish  forgrace  :  we  must 
expect  and  tany.  David,  a  man  after  Gods  own  heart,  was  so 
troubled  himselfe ;  .^wake,  iclijj  sleepest  thou  ?  O  Lord,  arise, 
cast  me  not  off';  icherej'ore  liidefi  thou  thj  face,  andforcjet- 
test  mine  affiiction  and  oppression?  My  soiile  is  hoiced  doinie 
to  the  dust.  Arise,  redeem  ns,  cVc  Psal.  44.  22,  23,  24.  He 
prayed  long  before  he  was  heard,  expcctans  expectavit ;  en- 
dured much  before  he  was  relieved.  Psal.  69,  3.  he  cora- 
plaines,  /  am  iceary  ofcryinrj,  and  my  throat  is  dry,  mine  eys 
fail,  7vhilst  Itcait  on  the  Lord ;  and  yet  he  perseveres.  Be  not 
dismayed,  thou  shalt  be  respected  at  last.  God  often  workes 
by  contrarities  :  he  first  kills  and  then  makes  alive ;  he 
woundeth  first  and  then  healeth ;  he  makes  man  sow  in  teares 
that  he  may  reap  injoye  ;  'tis  Gods  method.  He  that  is  so  vi- 
sited,  must  with  patience  endure,  and  rest  satisfied  for  the  pre- 
sent. The  paschal  lamb  was  eaten  with  sowre  hearbs  ;  we  shall 
feel  no  sweetness  of  his  bloud,  till  we  first  feel  the  smart  of  our 
sins.     Thy  paines  are  great,  intolerable  for  the  time ;  thou  art 


598  Religions  Melancholy.         [VaH.  3.  Sec.  4. 

tlofefitute  of  grace  and  comfort;  stay  the  Lords  leasure, he  will 
not  (I  say)  suffer  thee  to  be  temptefl  above  that  thou  art  able 
to  bear,  iCor.  10.  1;>.  but  Avill  oiveau  issue  to  temptation.  He 
works  all  for  the  best  to  them  that  love  God,  Rom.  8.  28. 
Doubt  not  of  thine  election,  it  is  an  immutable  decree :  a 
HKuk  never  to  be  defaced  ;  you  have  been  otiierwise,  you  may 
and  shall  be  again.  And  for  your  present  affliction,  hopcthe 
best,  it  will  shortly  end.  He  is  present  with  his  servants  in 
their  affliction^  Vs.  91.  15.  Great  are  the  troubles  of  the 
rif/hteous,  but  the  Lord  delivereth  them  out  oJ'all,Vsa].  31.19. 
(Jur  light  ajffliction  which  is  but  for  a  moment,  worketh  in  us 
an  eternall  weight  of  glory  ^  2  Cor.  4.  17-  J^ot  answerable  to 
that  qlorg  ichich  is  to  come ;  though  now  in  heaviness,  saith 
1  Pet.  1.  G.  you  shall  rejoyce. 
V  Now,  last  of  all,  to  those  externall  impediments,  terrible 

Kx\^    objects,  which  they  hear  and  see  many  times,  divels,  bugbears, 
-'  and  mormeluches,  noysome  sniels,  &c.    These  may  come,  as 

1  have  formerly  declared  in  my  precedent  discourse  of  the 
Symptomes  of  Melancholy,  from  inward  causes;  as  a  concave 
glass  reflects  solid  bodies,  a  troubled  braine  for  Avant  of  sleepe, 
nutriment,  and  by  reason  of  that  agitation  of  spirits  to  which 
Hercules  de  Saxonia  attributes  all  symptomes  almost,  may  re- 
flect and  shew  prodigious  shapes,  as  our  vaine  feare  and  erased 
phantasie  shall  suggest  and  fairs,  as  many  silly  weake  women 
and  children  in  the  dark,  sicke  folks,  and  frantick  for  want  of 
repast  and  sleepe,  suppose  they  see  that  they  see  not.  Many 
times  such  terriculaments  may  proceed  from  natural  causes, 
and  all  othersenses  may  be  deluded.  Besides,  as  I  have  said, 
this  humour  is  balneum  diaboli,  the  divels  bath,  by  reason  of 
the  distemper  of  humours,  and  infirm  organs  in  us :  he  may  so 
possess  us  inwardly  to  molest  us,  as  he  did  Saul  and  others,  by 
Gods  permission;  he  is  prince  of  the  ayr,  and  can  transform 
himself  into  severall  shapes,  delude  all  our  senses  for  a  time, 
but  his  power  is  determined ;  he  may  terrify  us  but  not  hurt. 
God  hath  given  his  a?igels  charge  over  us,  he  is  a  wall  round 
about  his  people,  Psal.  91.  11,  12.  There  be  those  that  pre- 
scribe physic  in  such  cases;  'tis  Gods  instrument  and  not  unfit. 
The  dive!  workes  l^y  meditation  of  humours,  and  mixt  disea- 
ses must  have  mixt  remedies.  Levinus  Lemnius  cap.  57  ^'  58. 
exhort,  advit.  ep.  instit.  is  very  copious  in  this  subject,  be- 
sides that  chiefe  remedy  of  confidence  in  God,  prayer,  hearty 
repentance,  &c.  of  which  for  your  comfort  and  instruction 
reade  Lavater  dc  spectris^  part  3.  cup.  5.  ^-6.  Wierus  deproi- 
stigiiK. dmnonum  lib.  5.  to  Philip  Melancthon,  and  others;  and 
that  christian  armour  which  Paul  prescribes;  he  sets  downe 
certain  amulets,  hearbs,  and  pretious  stones,  which  have  mar- 
velous veYtucti,a\\profigandis  damonibus , to  drive  away  divels 


Mem.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  599 

and  their  illusions.  Saphyres,  chrysolites,  carbuncles,  &c. 
(pioe  mird  virtute  pollent  ad  lemures,  sti'yfj/es,  incubos,  genios 
aerios  arcendos,  si  veterum  mouumentis  hahenda  fides.  Of 
hearbs,  he  reckons  us  penniroyal,  rue,  mint,  anoeljca,  piony. 
Rich.  Argentine  de prcestigiis  dccmonum  c«p.  20.  adds  hype- 
ricon  or  S'.  Johns  wort,  perforata  herba,  M'hich  by  a  divine 
vertue  drives  away  divels,  and  is  therefore  ca\le(]Juga  dwmo- 
num:  al!  which  rightly  used  by  their  suffitus,  daemonum  vex- 
ationibus  obsistunt,  afflictas  mentes  a  dcemonihus  relevant,  et 
venenatisj'nmis,  expell  divels  themselves,  and  all  divellish  illu- 
sions. Anthony  Musa,  the  emperour  Augustus  his  physician, 
cap.  6.  de  Betonid,  approves  of  betony  to  this  purpose;  ^fhe 
ancients  used  therefore  to  plant  it  in  church-yards,  because  it 
was  held  to  be  anholy  hearb  and  good  against  fearfull  visions  ; 
did  secure  such  places  it  grew  in,  and  sanctified  those  persons 
that  carried  it  about  them.  Idemjere  Mathiolusin  Dioscori- 
dem.  Others  commend  accurate  musicke,so  Saul  was  helped 
by  Davids  harpe.  Fires  to  be  made  in  such  roomes  where 
spirits  haunt,  good  store  of  lights  to  be  set  up,  odors,  perfumes, 
and  sufFumigations,  as  the  angel  taught  Tobias;  brimstone  and 
bitumen.,  thus,  myrrha,  briony  root,  with  many  such  simples 
which  Wecker  hath  collected  lib.  15.  de  secretis  cap.  15  if 
sulphuris  drachmam  unam,  recoqnatnr  in  vitis  alba;  aqua,  iit 
dilutius  sit  sulphur  ;  detur  cegro  ;  7mm  da?mones  sunt  morbi 
(saith  Rich.  Argentine  lib.  de  prcestigiis  daemonum  cap.  ult.) 
Vigetus  hath  a  far  larger  receipt  to  this  purpose,  which  the 
said  Wecker  cites  out  of  Wierus.  i;  sulphuris,  vini,  bituminis, 
opoponacis,  galbani,  castorei,  ^-c.  Why  sweet  perfumes,  fires 
and  so  many  lights  should  be  used  in  such  places.  Ernestus, 
Burgravius,  lucerna  vitce  et  mortis^  and  Fortunius  Lycetus  as- 
signes  this  cause,  quod  his  boni  Genii  provocentur,  malt  ar- 
ceantur ;  because  good  spirits  are  well  pleased  with,  but  evil 
abhor  them.  And  therefore  those  old  gentiles,  present  Ma- 
hometans, and  Bapists  have  continual  lamps  burning  in  their 
churches,  all  day  and  all  night,  lights  at  funerals  and  in  their 
graves;  lucernce  ardentes  ex  auro  liquejacto,  for  many  ages  to 
endure  (saith  Lazius)  ?ie  dcemones  corpus  Icedajit ;  lights  ever 
burning,  as  those  Vestall  virgins,  Pythonissas  maintained  here- 
tofore, with  many  such,  of  which  reade  Tostatus  in  2  Reg.  cap. 
6.  qucest.  43.  Thyreus  cap.  57.  58.  62.  &c.  de  locis  infestis ; 
Pictorius  Isagog.  de  dcBmonibus,  &c.  see  more  in  them.  Car- 
dan would  have  the  party  affected  winke  altogether  in  such  a 
case,  if  he  see  ought  that  offends  him,  or  cut  the  ayr  with  a 
sword  in  such  places  where  they  walke  and  abide ;  gladiis  enim 
et  lanceis  terrentur,  shoot  a  pistole  at  them,  for  being  aerial 

.     "^  Antiqui  soliti  santhanclierbam ponere  in  coemeteriis,  ideo  quod,  &c. 


GOO  liel'uj'ious  Melancholy.         [Part.  3.  Sec.  4. 

hodies,  (as   Ca?liiis  Rhodiginus,  Uh.  1.  cap.  29.     Tertullian, 
Oriiien,  Pscllas,  mid  many  hoide)  if  stricken,  they  feel  paine. 
rnpisfsconiniouly  injoyne  and  apply  crosses,  holy  water,  sanc- 
tified beads,  amulets,  nuisicke,  ringing-  of  bells,  for  to  that  end 
are  they  consecrated,  and  by  them  baptized,  characters,  coun- 
terfeit reliques,  so  many  masses,  peregrinations,  oblations,  ad- 
jurations, and  what  not?  Alexander  Albertinus  a  Rocha,  Pe- 
trus  Thyreus,  and   Hieronymus  ]Mengus,   with   many  other 
pontificiall  writers,  prescribe  and  set  down  severall  formes  of 
exorcismes,  as  well  to  houses  possessed  with  divels,  as  to  dae- 
moniacal  persons;  but  I  araof  **  Lemnius  miude,  'tis  but  daui- 
nosa  adjuratio,  aut  potms  ludijicatio,  ameer  mockage,a  coun- 
terfeit charme,  to  no  purpose.    They  are  fopperies  and  fictions, 
as  that  ^  absurde  story  is  amongst  the  rest,  of  a  penitent  wo- 
man seduced  by  a  magitian  in  France,  at  S*.  Bawne,  exorcised 
bv  Domphius,  3Iichaelis,  and  a  company  of  circumventing 
friers.      If  any    man    (saith  Lemnius)  will    attempt  such  a 
thing-,  without  all  those  jugling  circumstances,  astrologicall 
elections  of  time,  place,  prodigious  habits,  fustian,  big,   ses- 
(juipedal  words,  spels,  crosses,  characters,  which  exorcists  or- 
dinarily use,  let   him  follow   the  example  of  Peter  and  John, 
that  without  any  ambitiousswelling  termes,  cured  a'  lame  man. 
Acts  3.     In  the  the  name  of'  Christ  Jesus  rise  andwalke.   His 
name  alone  is  the  best  and  only  charme  against  all  such  dia- 
bolicall  illusions,  so  dothOrigen  advise:  and  so  Chrysostome. 
Ilae  erit  tihi  baculus,  ha:c  turrisinexpiiguabilisjiac  annatura. 
Nos  quid  ad  hcec  dicemus,  plures  fortasse  expectahnut,  saith 
S'.  Austin;  many  men  will  desire  my  counsell  and  opinion 
what's  to  be  done  in  this  behalfe;  I  can  say  no  more,  qnam 
tit  verdjidcj  qncB  per  dilectionem  operatur,  ad  DetanvnmnJ'u- 
i/iamus,  let  them  flye  to  God  alone  for  helpe.     Athanasiusin 
his  book  De   variis  quccst.  prescribes  as  a  present  charme 
against  divels,  the  beginning  of  the  68  Ps.  Exsurqat  Dens, 
dissipentnr   inimici,  Ac,     But  the  best  remedy   is  to  flye  to 
God,  to  call  on  him,  hope,  pray,  trust,  relye  on  him,  to  commit 
ourselves  wholly  to  him.     Uhat  the  practice  of  the  primitive 
church  was  in  this  behalfe,  et  quis  dicmonia  ejiciendi  modus, 
read  Vv'ierus  at  large,  lib.  5.  de  Cura.  Lam.  meles.  cap.  3S.  et 
deinceps. 

Last  of  all :  If  the  party  affected  shall  certainly  know  this 
malady  to  have  proceeded  from  too  much  fasting-,  meditation, 
precise  lile,  contemplation  of  Gods  judgements,  (for  the  divel 
deceives  many  by  such  meanes)  in  that  other  cxtream  he  cir- 
cumvents melancholy  it  selfe,  reading  some  books,  treatises, 

aNon  dtsimt  nostra  actate  sacrificnli,  qui  talc  tjiiid  attentant,  seH  a  cacodaemone 
irriiii  putlore  suff.  rli  sunt,  et  re  inftcta  abiertinf.  ''Done  into  Engllgh 

by  \V,  B-  lfil.3 


Mera.  2.  Subs.  6.]  Cure  of  Despair.  601 

hearing- rigid  preachers,  &c.  If  he  shall  perceive  that  it  hath 
begun  first  from  some  great  loss,  grievous  accident,  disaster, 
seeing  others  in  like  case,  or  any  such  terrible  object,  let  him 
speedily  remove  the  cause,  wlucli  to  the  cure  of  this  disease 
^  Navarrus  so  much  commends,  avertat  cogitationem  arescru- 
pulosdi  by  all  opposite  meanes,  art  and  industry,  let  him  laxnre 
animum,  by  all  honest  recreations,  refresh  and  recreate  his 
distressed  sou!e  ;  let  him  divert  his  thoughts,  by  himselfe  and 
other  of  his  friends.  Let  him  reade  no  more  such  tracts  or 
subjects,  hear  no  more  such  fearful  tones,  avoid  such  com- 
panies, and  by  all  meanes  open  himselfe,  submit  himselfe  to 
the  advice  of  good  physicians  and  divines,  which  is  contra- 
ventio  scrupuloriim,  as  ''  he  cals  it ;  hear  them  speake  to  whom 
the  Lord  hath  given  the  tongue  of  the  learned,  to  be  able  to 
minister  a  word  to  him  that  is  "=  weary,  whose  words  are  as 
flagons  of  wine.  Let  him  not  be  obslinate,  head-strong-, 
peevish,  wilful,  self-conceited  (as  in  this  malady  they  are) 
but  give  ear  to  good  advice,  be  ruled  and  perswaded  ;  and 
no  doubt  but  such  good  councel  may  prove  as  prosperous  to 
his  soule,  as  the  angel  was  to  Peter,  that  opened  the  iron 
gates,  loosed  his  bands,  broujjht  him  out  of  prison,  and  dc' 
livered  him  from  bodily  thraldome ;  they  may  ease  his  afflicted 
minde,  relieve  his  wounded  soule,  and  take  him  out  of  the 
jawes  of  hell  it  selfe.  I  can  say  no  more,  or  give  better  ad- 
vice to  such  as  are  any  way  distressed  in  this  kinde,  then  what 
I  have  given  and  said.  Only  take  this  for  a  corollary  and 
conclusion,  as  thou  tenderest  thine  own  welfare  in  this,  and 
all  other  melancholy,  thy  good  health  of  body  and  minde,  ob- 
serve this  short  precept,  give  not  way  to  solitariness  and  idle- 
ness.    Be  not  solitary,  be  not  idle. 

S  PER  ATE  MISRRI, 
CAVETE  FCELICiiS. 

Vis  a  duhio  liberari  ?  vis  quod  incertum  est  evadere  ?  Age 
pcenitentiam  dum  sanus  es;  sic  agens,  dico  tihi  quod  securnses, 
quodpoenitentiamegisti  eo  tempore  quo peccarepotiiisti.  Austin. 


*  Tom.  2.  cap.  27.  num.  282.  b  Navarrus.  c  Jg.  50.  4. 


THE  TABLE. 


A. 

PACE. 

Absence  a  cure  of  love  melanch.  ii.    361 
Absence   over  long,  cause  of  jea- 
lousy    ii.     434 

Academicorum  errata  i.    204 

Abstinence  commended i,     358 

Adversitie  why  better  then  prospe- 

ritie ........    ii.      4g 

^Equivocations  of  melancholy  • .  •  •  i.       16 

jealousie    • .    -ii.    423 

^Emulation,  hatred,  faction,  desire 
of  revenge,  causes  of  mel.  i.  149. 

their  cure    ii,       63 

Affections,  whence  they  arise,  i.  34. 
how  they  transform  us,  7.  of  sleep- 
ing and  waking     33 

Affection  in  melancholy  what .  •  •  -i.       45 
Against  abuses,   repulse,    injuries, 

contumely,  disgraces,  scoffes  .-ii  67 
Against  envy  livor,  hatred,  malice  ii.  63 
Against  sorrow,  vain  fears,  death  of 

friends    ii.      58 

Aire  how  it  causeth  melan.  i.  116. 
how  rectified  it  cureth  melanch. 

.392,  401.  aire  in  love  •   ii.     223 

Aereall  divels    i.      56 

All  are  melancholy i.       46 

All    beautiful    parts    attractive   in 

love ii    232 

Alkermes  good  against  melan.   '-ii.     130 

Aloes  hJs  vertues ii.     HO 

Alteratives  in  physic  to  what  use, 

ii.  93.  against  melancholy    ..126.     139 
Ambition  defined,  described,  cause 
of  melancholy,  i.  150,  164.  hin- 
ders and  spoils  many  matches,  ii. 

405.  of  heresie 500 

Amiableness  loves  object   ii.     160 

Amorous  objects  causes  of  love  me- 
lancholy  ii.  258,    277 

Amulets  controverted,  approved  ii,    133 


Angers  description,  effects,  how  it 

causeth  melancholy   j.  152 

Antimony  a  purger  of  melan.  •  •  •  -ii.  108 

Anthony  inveigled  by  Cleopatra.. ii  251 

Apology  of  love  melancholy    ••.-ii.  15i 

Appetite i.  34 

Apples  good  or  bad,  how i.  99 

Apparel   and  cloaths,   a    cause   of 

love  melancholy jL  247 

Aqueducts  of  old   j.  354 

Arteries  what i.  22 

Artificial  ayr  against  melan.    .-..i.  395 

Artificial  allurements  of  love  •  •  •  .ii.  241 

Arminian  tenents ii.  591 

Art  of  memory    J.  427 

Astrological  aphorisms,  how  avail- 
able, signs  or  causes  of  melan- 
choly     i.  82 

Astrological  signs  of  love ii.  2I0 

Athiests  described   ii.  545 

Averters  of  melancholy    ii,  ]23 

Aurum  potabile  censured,  appro- 
ved   ii.  00 


B. 

Banishments  effects,  i.  254.  his 

cure  and  antidote ii.       51 

Bald  lascivious ii.     440 

Barrenness  what  grievances  it  cau- 
seth       i.    255 

Barrenness  cause  of  jealousie .  •    .ii.     437 
Barren  grounds  have  best  ayr-  •  •  .i.     395 
Bashfulness  a  symptome  of  melan- 
,_  choly,  i.  279.  of  love  melancholy, 

287.  cured  • ii.     136 

Baseness  of  birth  no  disparagement 

ii.    212 
Bathes  rectified i.    361 


604 


THE    TABLE. 


PAGE. 

Biwds  a  canse  of  love  melanch.  ii.  284 
Kawm  good  asrainst  melanch.  •  •  •  -ii.       95 

Heasts  and  birds  in  love ii.     194 

J}eaf  s  of  lovers ii.     282 

Bi-ef  a  melancholy  meat   i.       95 

Keer  censured    i.     101 

Hest  site  of  an  house    i.     395 

Beauties  definition,  ii.  151.  cure 
of  melanch.  238  described,  231. 
in  parts,  2.32.  commendation, 
317.  attractive  power,  preroga- 
tives, excellency,  how  it  causeth 
melanch.  222.  249.  makes  grie- 
vous wonnds  irresistible,  230. 
more  beholding  to  art  then  nature 
241.  brittle  and  uncertain,  373. 
censured,  375.  a  cause  ofjealousie 

43G.  beauty  of  God 4S1 

Bezoars  stone  good  against  melan- 
choly     ii    130 

Black  eys  best ii.     237 

Black   spots  in  the  nailes  signs  of 

melancholy i.       85 

Black  man  a  pearl  in  a  womens  eye 

ii.  234,    235 
Blasphemy,  how  pardonable  ••••ii.    .587 

Blindness  of  lovers   ii.     313 

Blood-letting,  when  and  how,  cure 

of  melancholy    ii.     118^ 

Blood-letting  and  purging,  how  cau- 
ses of  melancholy i.     115 

Blow  on  the  head  cause  of  mel.  •  •!.  262 
Body  melancholy,  his  causes  •  •  ••i.  265 
Bodily   symptomes   of  melancholy, 

i.  266.  of  love  melancholy   •••■ii.     290 
Bodily  exercises,  i.  403.  body  how 
it  works  on  the  mind  .  i.  130.  259.     282 

Books  of  all  sorts   i.     423,     424 

Berage  and  bugloss,  soveraign 
hearbs  a<^ainst  melanch.  ii.  94. 
their  \vines  and  juyce  most  ex- 
cellent      104 

Brain  distempered  how  cause  of 
melancholy,     i.     160.     his    parts 

anatomised    26 

Bread  and  bear,  how  causes  of  me- 
lancholy  i.  100,     101 

Brow  and  fore-head  which  are  most 

pleasing  •  •  • ii.    233 

Brute  beasts  jealous ii.    427 

Business  the  best  cure  of  love  me- 
lancholy   ii.     351 

c. 

Gardens  father  conjured  up  seven 
divels  at  once,  i.  59.  had  a  spirit 
bound  to  him     67 

Cards  and  dice  censured,  appro- 
ved     i.     413 

Carp  fishes  nature L       97 


Cares  effects  •  •   i.     155 

Cataplasmes  and  cerots  for  melan- 
choly   ii.     105 

Cause  of  diseases i-         2 

Causes    immediate    of  melancholy 

symptomes >•     305 

Causes  of  honest  love,  ii.  174  of 
heroical  love,  203.  ofjealousie;  •     435 

Cautions  against  jeulonsie ii.     474 

Centaury  good  against  melas.  ••ii.  94 
Charls  the  Great  enforced  to  love 

basely  by  a  philter    ii.     288 

Change    of  countenance,    sign    of 

love  tielancholy    ii-    294 

Charity  described,  ii.  ISO.  defects 

ofit     ■••■ 184 

Character  of  a  covetous  man  -■••!.  167 
Charls  the  sixth  king  of  France  mad 

for  apger '•     15-^ 

Chess-play  censured     i.     416 

Chiroraantical  signs  of  melan.  •  •  •  -i.  85 
Chirurgical  remedies  of  melancholy, 

ii.     116 

Choleric  melancholy  signs   i.    286 

Chorus  sancti  Viti  a  disease  •  •  •  •  i.  15 
Chymical  physick  censured  ••'•>'•  122 
Circirmstanceslncreasingjealousieii.     438 

Cities  recreations   i.     413 

Civil  lawyers  miseries i.     196 

Climes  and  particular  places   how 

causes  of  love  melancholy ii.     212 

Cloathes    a    mere    caust    of  good 

respect i.    233 

Cloathes  causes  of  love  melancholy, 

ii.  247 
Clysters  good  for  melancholy  •  •  •  -ii.  143 
CotTa  a  Turky  cordial  drink  •  •  •  •ii.  130 
Cold  ayr  cause  of  melancholy  ••••!.     118 

Combats  ••• i.     12:? 

Comets  above  the  moon    i.     381 

Compound  alteratives  censured,  ap- 
proved, ii.  101.  compound  purgers 
of  melan.  114.  compound  wines 

for  melan •  •  •     126 

Community  of  wves  a  cure  ofjea- 
lousie   •  •!!•    465 

Complement    and    good     carriage 

causes  of  love  melanch.  ••••244,    245 
Confections  and  conserves  again.st 

mel.-; •••• ;••  ii.     105 

Confession  of  his  grief  to  a  friend,  a 

principal  cure  of  melanch'   ••••[.     440 
Confidence  in  his  physician  half  a 

cure i.     347 

Conjugal  love  best   •  •  •  ii.  203,    204 

Continual  cogitation  of  his  mistress 
a  symptome  of  love  melancholy 

ii.    305 
Conscience  troubled  a  cause  of  de- 
spair    ii.    569 

Conscience  what  it  is   i.      40 


THE    TABLE. 


605 


PAGE. 

Contention,     brawling;,  "  law-suits, 

effects i.     252 

Continent  or  inward  causes  of  me- 

lanclioly i.     257 

Cookery  taxed    ••• i.     103 

Content  above  all,  ii.  30.  whence  to 

be  had    ibid. 

Contentions  cure   ii.       82 

Costiveness  to  some  a  cause  of  me- 
lancholy •  •  •  •-  ^ i.     113 

Costiveness  helped  ii.     145 

Correctors  of  accidents  in  mel.  "ii.     134 
Correctors  to  expel   windiness  and 

costiveness  helped   ii.     145 

Cordials  against  melancholy  •  ••  -ii.     126 
Covetousness    defined,    described, 

how  it  causeth  melancholy  ••••!.     167 
Counsel!  against  melancholy,  i.435. 
ii.  367.  cure  of  jealousie,  462.  of 

despair  •  578 

Cuclvolds  common  in  all  ages    ■  -ii.     457 

Countrey  recreations     i.     411 

Crocodiles  jealous    ii.     427 

Cupping  glasses,  cauteries  how  and 

when  used  to  melancholy   •  •  •  -ii.     124 
Custome  of  diet,  delight  of  appetite, 

how  to  be  kept  and  yeekled  to-  i.  108 
Cure  of  melanch.  unlawful  reiected, 
i.  333  from  God,  337.  of  head- 
melancholy,  ii.  117.  over  all  the 
body,  139.  of  hypochondriacal 
melancholy,  140.  of  love  melan- 
choly, 350.  of  jealousie,  455.  of 

despair 578 

Cure  of  melancholy  in  himself,  i.  435 

or  friends 442 

Curiosity  described,  his  effects  •  -i.    249 


D. 


Dancing,  maskinjy,  mumming,  cen- 
sured, approved,  ii.  276,  277. 
their  effects,  how  they  cause  love  ■ 
melanch.  274.  how  symptomes  of 

lovers 339 

Deformity  of  body  no  misery  .  •  •  -ii.         9 

Death  foretold  by  spirits   i.       70 

Death  of  friends  cause  of  melanch. 
i.  241,  242,  other  effects,  ibid. 
how  cured,  ii.  53.  death  advan- 
tageous •  • -   62 

Despair.eqnivocations,  ii.  561. causes 
5(j4.    symptomes,   573.   prognos- 

ticks,  577.  cure ■  •     578 

Diet  what,  and  how  causeth  melan. 
i.  94.  quantity,  103.  diet  of  divers 

nations  106 

Diet  how  rectified  to  cure  i.  351.  in 

quantity 356 

Diet  a  cause  of  love  mel,  ii.  214.  a 

^  cure    354 


PAGE. 

Digression  against  all  manner  of  dis- 
contents, ii.  1.  digression  of  ayr, 
i.  365.  of  an.itomic,  i.  19.  ofdivels 

and  spirits 55 

Discommodities  of  unequal]  matches, 

ii.     469 
Discontents,  cares,  miseries,  causes 
of  melanch.  i.    154.    how   repel- 
led and  cured  by  good   counsell, 

442,  443,  ii.        1 
Diseases  why  inflicted  upon  us,  i.  3. 
Their  number,  definition,  division, 
8.  diseases  of  the  head,   10,  dis- 
eases of  the  minde  more  grievous 

then  those  of  the  body 321 

Disgiace  a  cause  of  mel.  i.  144,  252. 

qualified  by  counsell i.       77 

Dissimilar  parts  of  the  body i.       23 

Distemper  of  particular  parts,  causes 

of  mel.  and  how i.     259 

Divels  how  they  cause  melancholy, 
i.  56.  their  beginning,  nature,  con- 
ditions, ibid,  feel  pain,  swift  in 
motion,  mortal,  57.  59.  their  or- 
ders, Gl.  power,  73,  how  they 
cause  religious  melancholy,  ii.  493. 
how  despair,  564.  divels  are  often 
in  love,  196.  shall  be  saved,  as 

some  hold 593 

Divine  sentences •  • .  .ii.       81 

Divines   miseries,   i.   197.  with  the 

causes  of  their  miseries 198 

Divers  accidents  causing  mel."  •  -i.     241 

Dreams  and  their  kindes i.       33 

Dreams    troublesome,   how    to    be 

amended i.     434 

-Drunkards  children  often  mel.     "i.       90 

Drunkenness  taxed  ■  i.  105.     459 

Dowry  and  moticy  main  causes  of 

love  melancholy    ii.    254 

Dotage  what   i.       11 

Dotage  of  lovers    u.    312 


Earths  motion   examined,  i.  383. 
compass,  center,  &c,  386.  an  sit 

animata 383 

Education  a  cause  of  mel i.  215 

Effects  of  love ii.  340.  344 

Election  misconceived,  cause  of  de- 
spair     ii.  589.  592 

Element  of  fire  exploded  i.  380 

Envie  and  malice   cause  of  melan- 
choly, i.  14(5.  their  antidote  •  •  "ii  63 

Epicures  vindicated     i.  435 

Epicures  medicine  for  mel, i.  455 

Epicures,  atheists,  hypocrites,  how 

mad  and  melancholy    ii.  548 

Epithalaraium    ii.  420 

Eunuchs  why  kept,  and  where  "ii.  450 


COG 


THE   TAELE. 


PAGE 

Evacnations  how  they  cause  mel.  i.     112 
Excentricks  and  epicicles  exploded, 

i.    381 

Exercise,  if  immoderate,    cause  of 

nielancholy,  i.  121.  before  meales 

wholsom,  ibid,  exercise  rectified, 

401.  several  kindes,  when  fit,  410. 

exercises  of  the  minde 419,  4"20 

Exotick  and  strange  simples  cen- 
sured,  ii-     101 

Extasis ii.     104 

Eys  main  instruments  of  love,  ii. 
217.  loves  darts,  ii.  236.  seats, 
orators,  arrows,  torches,  ibid. 
how  they  pierce 243 


PAGE 

Gifts  and  promises  of  great  force 

amongst  lovers ii.     278 

Gods  just  judgement  cause  of  me- 
lancholy, i.  3.  sole  cause  some- 
times   •       52 

Geography  commended i-     421 

Geometry,     arithnietick,    algebra, 

commended    i.     427 

Gold  good  against  mel.  ii-  99.  a  most 

beautiful  object iL     168 

Good  counsell,  a  chann  to  melan- 
choly, i.  435.  good  coimsell  for 
love-sick  persoHfe,  ii.  379.  against 
mel.  it  self,   81.  for  such  as  are 

jealous  ••     4r)5 

Greatmen  most  part  unhonest   .-ii-     439 

Gristle  what • i.       22 

Gats  described i.      24 


Faces  prerogative,  a  most  attrac- 
tive part •  •  -ii.    232 

Fasting  cause  of  melancholy,  i.  108. 
a  cure  ol  love  mel.  ii.  3,52.  abused, 
the    divels   instrument,  .511,514. 

elfectsofit    «''i« 

Fayries   :"-i.      ^^ 

Fear  cause  nf  mel.  his  effects,  1. 139. 
fear  of  death,  destinies  fore-told, 
247.  a  symptome  of  mel.  270.  sign 
of  love  "nelanch.  ii.  300.  antidote 

tofear   '.:       ^3 

Flaxen  hair  a  great  motive  of  love,  ii.  ^-J 
Flegmatick  melancholy  signs- •••!.     -^ 

Fires  rage V       Jl 

Fierydivels    ]■      6.5 

Fish,  what  melancholy    i-       -'^ 

Fishgood   •.!■     3o5 

Fishes  in  love   n.     195 

Fishing  and  fowling  how  and  when 

good  exercise ."*'• 

Fools  often  beget  wise  men,  i.  91. 

by  love  become  wise   ii-     334 

Force  of  imagination }•     !•'.> 

Friends  a  cure  of  melancholy  --i.  442 
Fruits  causing  mel.  allowed  •  •  •  •  i.  3^ 
Fumitorj-  purgeth  melancholy    •  •  n.       96 


Gaming  a  cause  of  melancholy,  his 
effects '•     1^4 

Gardens  of  simples  where,  lo  wiiat 
end ii.       93 

Gardens  for  pleasure   i.     407 

General  toleration  of  religion,  by 
whom  jjermiUed,  and  why ii.     545 

Gentrj-,  whence  it  came  first,  ii.  13. 
base  without  means,  ibid,  vices 
accompanying  it,  ibid,  true  gentry 
whence,  18.  gentry  commended  20 

Gesture  cause  of  love  mel ii.    244 


H. 


Hand  and  paps  how  forcible  inlo^re 

melanch ii  2-33,  234 

Hard  usage  a  cause  of  jealonsie  ii.  .  4S',i 

Hatred  cause  of  mel-    •  •  •_ i.  151 

Hauking  and  hunting  why  good  •  -i.  406 

Hereditary  diseases i.  87 

Head  melancholies  causes,   i-  261. 

symptomes,  294.  his  cure   ••••ii.  117 
Heav  ens  penetrably,  i.  382.  infinitely 

swift •  384 

Hearing,  what i.  31 

Heat  immoderate  cause  of  mel.  "i.  117 

Health  a  pretious  thing    i.  254 

Hell  wheie • i.  373 

Help  from  friends  against  mel.    •  -i.  442 
Heliebor  white  and  black,   pugers 
of  mel.  ii.  110.  black  his  vertues 

and  history    - •  111 

Hemorrogia  cause  of  mel. i.  112 

Hemrods  stopped  cause  of  mel.  ••!.  112 
Hearbs   causing  mel.  i.  98.   curing 

mel.  3.55.  proper  to  most  diseases  ibid 
Hereticks  their  conditions,  ii.  5.33. 

their  symptomes ibid 

HeroicaT laves  pedegree,  power,  ex- 
tentii.  190.  definition,  partaffect- 

ed,  199.  tyranny _•  20O 

Hippocrates  jealonsie ii.  4.34 

n  ypocrites  described ii  559 

Honest  objects  of  love    ii.  173 

Hope  a  cure  of  misery   ii.     56 

Hope  and  fear,  the  divels  main  en- 
gins  to  entrap  the  world ii.  505 

Hops,  good  against  mel. "-ii.  139 

Hot  countrevs  apt  and  prone  to  jea- 

lou.sie^-^^' ii.  430 

Horse  leeches  how  and  when  used 

in  melancholy •••ii.  119,  1.39 

How  oft  'tis  fit  to  eat  in  a  day i.  .356 

How  to  resist  passions i.  437 


THE   TABLE. 


607 


How  men  fall  in  love 


PAGE. 

240 


Humours  what  they  are    i.       20 

Hydrophobia  described    i'       14 

Hypochondriacal  melancholy,  i.  50. 
his  causes  inward,  outward,  '2l).i. 


symptome,  '289,  cure  of  it,  ii.  140 
Hypochondries  misaffected,  causes 


259 


I. 

Idleness  a  main  caase  of  melan- 
choly  i.  122 

Of  love  mel.  ii.  214.  ofjealousie  ••  432 
Jealousie  a  symptome  of  mel.  i.  2/5. 
defined,  described,  ii.  422.  of 
princes,  423.  of  brute  beasts,  426. 
causes  of  it,  429,  433.  symptomes 
of  it,  446.  prognosticks,  453.  cure 

ofit 455,465,&c. 

Jests  how  and  when  to  be  used      i.  225 

Jews  religious  symptomes ii.  518 

Ignorance  the  mother  of  devotion,  ii.  507 

Ignorance  commended    ••...... ji.  84 

Ignorant  persons  still  circumvented, 

ii.  507 
Imagination  what,  i.  33.  his  force  and 

effects   133,  &c. 

Immaterial  mel.       i.  47 

Immortality  of  the  soul  proved,  i.  38. 

impugned  by  whom ii.  557 

Importunity  and  opportunity  cause 
of  love  melan.  ii.  257.  of  jea- 
lousie    444 

Imprisonment  cause  of  mel i.  227 

Impostures  of  divels,  ii„  505.  of  po- 

litians,  426,  of  priests 499 

Impediments  of  lovers ii.  411,  412 

Irapotency  a  cause  of  jealousie  •  -ii.  432 

Impulsive  cause  of  mans  misery     i.  2 

Incubi  and  snccubi      ii.  196 

Inconstancy  of  lovers  •••■•  ii.  378,  379, 

Inconstancy  a  sign  of  mel. i.  276 

Infirmities  of  body  and  minde,  what 

grievances  they  cause i.  257 

Inner  senses  described     i.  32 

Injuries  and  abuses  rectified  .  • .  -ii.  71 

Instrumental  causes  of  diseases    i.  5 
Instrumental  cause  of  mans  misery,  i.  5, 6 

Interpreters  of  dreams i.  33 

Inundations  fury    i.  5 

Joy  in  excess  cause  of  mel. i.  185 

Issues  when  used  in  mel.    ii.  116 

Inward  causes  of  mel i.  257 


Kings  and  princes  discontents  •  -i. 

Kissing  a  main  cause  of  love  me- 
lanch.  ii  265.  a  symptome  of  love 
melancholy   • 


161 


Labour,  business,  cure  of  love  me- 
lancholy, ii.  351.  Lapis  Ar- 
memus,  his  virtues  against  me- 
lancholy    ii.     110 

Lascivious  meats  to  be  avoided    ii.     354 

Laurel  a  purge  for  mel. ii.     106 ' 

Laws  against  adultery ii.     451 

Leo  decimns  the  popes  scoffing 
tricks    i.    223 

Leoline  prince  of  Wales  his  sub- 
mission      ■ ii.     72 

Leucata  petra  the  cure  of  love-sick 
persons  •  •  • ii.     390 

Liberty  of  princes  and  great  men, 
how  abused   ii.     445 

Libraries  commended i.     425 

Liver,  his  site,  i.  24.  cause  of  mel. 
distempers,  if  hot  or  cold 260 

Loss  of  liberty,  servitude,  imprison- 
ment, cause  of  mel.   i.     227 

Losses  in  general,  how  they  offend, 
i.  245.  cause  of  despair,  ii.  53. 
505.  how  eased    60 

Love  of  gaming  and  pleasures,  im- 
moderate cause  of  mel.  •• .  i.  171^  172 

Love  of  learning,  over-much  study, 
cause  of  mel   i.     185 

Loves  beginning,  object,  definition, 
division,  ii  159.  love  made  the 
world,  166.  loves  power,  192.  in 
vegetals,  183.  in  sensible  crea- 
tures, 194.  loves  power  in  divels 
and  spirits,  196.  in  men,  199.  love 
a  disease,  299,  a  fire,  309.  loves 
passions,  301.  phrases  of  lovers, 
318.  their  vain  wishes  and  at- 
tempts, 328.  lovers  impudent,  330. 
courageoas,  324.  wise,  valiant, 
free,  334.  neat  in  apparel,  335. 
poets,  musitians,  dancers,  337. 
loves  effects,  341.  love  lost  re- 
vived by  sight,  358.  love  cannot 
be  compelled    405 

Love  and  hate  symptomes  of  religi- 
ons melancholy ii.     516 

Lycanthropia  described    L       13 


M. 

Madness  described,  i.  12.  The  ex- 
tent of  mel.  316.  A  symptome  and 

effect  of  love  mel.    ii.     340 

Made  dishes  cause  mel.    i.  103,  104 

Maids,  nuns,  widows  mel. i.  300 

Majitians  how  they  cause  mel.L  77. 

how  they  cure  it 335 

Mahometans,  their  symptomes  ..ii.    531 

Mans  excellency,  misery L         1 

Man  the  greatest  enemy  to  man  •  -i.        6 


608 


THE    TABLE, 


PAGE. 

Many  means  to  divert  lovers  ii.  357. 

ti)  care  tliem 1307 

Marriage,  if  unfortiHiate,  cause  of 
melanch.  i.  251.  best  cnre  of  love, 
nielan.  ii,  39-2.  marriage  lielps,471. 
miseries,  380.  benefits  and  com- 
mendation   ii.     417 

Mathematical  studies  commended, i.     422 
Medicines  select  for  melanch.  ii.  85. 
against  wind  and  costiveness,J4'}. 

for  love  melancholy 355 

Melancholy  in  disposition,  melan- 
choly equivocations,  i.  16.  defini- 
tion, name,  difference,  42.  part  ' 
and  parties  afiVcted  in  melancholy 
(  liis  affection,  44.  matter,  47. 
species,  or  kindes  of  melancholy. 
49.  melancholy  an  hereditary 
disease,  87.  meats  causing  it, 
93.  &c.  antecedent  causes,  257. 
particular  parts,  259.  symptomes 
of  it,  266.  they  are  passionate 
aViove  measure,  277.  humours, 
2/  8.  melancholy  adust  symptomes, 
286.  mixed  symptomes  of  melan- 
choly with  other  diseases  289. 
melancholy  a  cause  of  jealonsie, 
ii.  4.32.  of  despair,  664.  melan- 
choly men  why  witty,  i.  308  why 
80  apt  to  laugh,  weep,  sweat, 
blush,  .309,  why  they  see  visions, 
hear  strange  noyses,  speak  un- 
taught languages,  prophesie,  &c.  311 
Menstruus  coucubitus  causa   me- 

lanc j.      90 

Memory  his  seat i.       33 

Men     seduced    by    spirits    in    the 

night i.68,  69 

Metempsychosis    i.      38 

Metals,  minerals  for  melanc-  •  •  -ii.  97 
Meteors  strange,  how  caused,  i.  ;5f  9,  350 
Metoposcopy  fore-shewing  melauc. 

Milk  a  melancholy  meat i.       96 

Minde  how  it  works  on  the  body  i.  127 
Minerals  good  against  melanch.  ii.  97 
Ministers  how  they  cause  despair,  ii.  .'jfiS 
Mirach,  mesentery,  matrix,  mese- 

raickveines  causes  of  melanch.  i,    2.59 
Mirabolanes  purgers  of  melanch.  ii,     109 
Mirth  and  merry   company  excel- 
lent against  melanch.  i.  453  their 

abu-ies    459 

Miseries  of  man.  i.  1.  how  they 
cause  melancholy,  i.'d.  common 
miseries.  154.  mis  i'-'?  of  both 
sorts,  ii.  2.  no  man  iree,  miseries 
effects  in  us,  sent  for  our  good, 
5,  6,   miseries  of    students  and 

scholars i.     18.5 

Mitigations  of  melancholy    ••••{!.  81,  82 

Monies  perogatives    ii.  108,  169 

Moon  inhabited,  i.  385.  moon  in 
love ii.     192 


PAGE. 

Moving  faculty  described i.      34 

IMothj-r  how  cause  of  melanch    --i.       89 
Miisick   a  present  remedy  for  me- 
lancholy hiselfects,  i.  449.  a  sym- 
ptome  of  lovers,  ii  337.  causes  of 
love  mel.   276,277 


Natural  melanch.  signs •j.  283 

Natural  signs  of  love  mel. ij-  290 

Narrow  streets  where  in  use  •  •  •  m.  396 
Nakedness  of  parts  a  cause  of  love 

mel.  ii,  246  a  cure  of  love  mel.  •  •  371 
Necessity,    to  what    it  enforceth, 

i.  Ill,  2.37 
Neglect  and  contempt,  best  cures  of 

jealousie ii-  456 

Nemesis     or     punishment    comes 

after   -ii-  73 

Nerves  what |.  22 

Ne wes  most  welcome i.  414 

Non-necessary  causes  of  melanc.  i,  212 

Nobility  censured • .  •  -ii.  13 

Nuns  melancholy i,  301 

Nurse  how  cause  of  melancholy --L  213 


o. 


Objects  causing  melancholy  to  be 

removed    ii.  3.57 

Obstacles  and  hindrances  of  lovers, 

ii.  393 
Occasions  to  be  avoided  in  love  me- 
lancholy   /.ii  3:^7 

Odoramentsto  smell  to  formel.  ii.  132 

Old  folks  apt  to  be  jealous ii.  432 

Old  Folks  incontiuency  taxed   ••ii.  469 
Old  age  a  cause  of  mel.  i.  86,  old 

mens  sons  often  melanch,  •••••;  90 

One  love  drives  out  another   ii.  365 

Opinions    of,     or     concerning    the 

soule    !•  35 

Oppressions  effects • i.  254 

Opportunity  and  importunity  causes 

:.  of  love 'mel     i}-  257 

brganical  parts i-  24 

Overmuch  joy,  pride,   praise,  how 

causes  of  melancholy    i.  177 

Oyntraents  for  melancholy •  -i,  105 

Ovutmenta  riotously  used ii.  251 


Paleness  and  leanne.ss,  .symptotnes 

of  love  melancholy ii.     290 

Papists  religious  symptomes,  ii.  .534,  535 
Paracelsus  defence  of  minerals  •  -ii.      99 


THE    TABLE. 


609 


FAGS. 

Parents  how  they  wrong  their  chil- 
dren, ii.  405.  how  they  cause  me- 
lancholy by  propagation,  i.  87. 
how  by  reraisness  and  indul- 
gence      216 

Passions  and  perturbations  causes  of 

melancholy,  i.  130.  how  they  work 

on  the  body,  132.  their  divisions, 

139.  how  rectified  and  eased    ■  •  •     435 

Particular  parts  distempered,  how 

they  cause  melancholy i.     259 

Parties  afiected  in  religious  mel.  ii.     4S6 

Passions  of  lovers     ii.  2S9,     300 

Patience  a  cure  of  misery      ii.       71 

Patient,  his  conditions  that  would  be 

cured,  i.  346  patience,  confidence 

liberality,  not  to  practise  on  him- 

■    self,  347,  348.  what  he  must  do 

himself,  437.  reveal  his  grief  to  a 

friend 441 

Pareenetical  discourse  to  such  as  are 

troubled  in  mind    ii.     579 

Peniroyal  good  against  mel.    •  •  •  -ii.     109 
Perswasion  a  means  to  curelove  mel. 

ii.  367.  other  mel.     •<     446 

Perjury  of  lovers ii.     282 

Phantasie  what i.       33 

Philippus   Bonus   how    he   used    a 

country  fellow • i.     418 

Philosophers  censured,  i.  179.  their 

en-ors,  ibid. 
Philters  cause  of  love  mel.  ii.  284. 

how  they  cure  melancholy 389 

Phlebotomy  cause  ofmel.i.  llo-  how 
to  be  used,  when,  in  melancholy, 

ii.  118.  in  head  mel.     ••     124 

Phrensie's  description   •••••i.       12 

Physician's  miseries,  i.  196.  his  qua- 
lities if  he  be  good.  •  • .  • » 343 

Physick  censured,  ii.  SS.commended, 

89.  when  to  be  used •       90 

Physiognomical  signs  of  mel.    ••••i.       S4 
Pictures  good  against  mel.  i.  419. 

cause  love  mel. ii.     264 

Planets  inhabited  i.     38.5 

Plague's  effects i.        5 

Playes  more  famous ••).     412 

Pleasant  palaces    i.     407 

Pleasant  objects  of  love  ii     170 

Pleasing  tone  and  voyce  a  cause  of 

love  melancholy    ii.     261 

Poets  why  poor -i.     193 

Poetry  a  symptome  of  lovers  ••'  ii.    342 
Poetical  cures  of  love  melanch.  •  -ii.     390 
Poor  men's  miseries,  i.  235.  their 
happiness,  ii.  47.  they  are  dear, to 

God    29 

Polititians'  pranks    ii.     499 

Pork  a  melancholy  meat i.      95 

Pope  Leo  Decimus  his  scofiing  •  -i.    223 
Possession  of  divels i.      15 

VOL.  II. 


Power  of  spirits •  •  -i.       73 

Poverty  and  want  causes  of  melan. 

their  efi"ects     i.     229 

no  such  misery  to  be  poor  ■•••ii.       25 
Preparatives  and  purgers  for  melan- 
choly  ii.     119 

Predestination  misconstrued  a  cause 

of  despair   ii.     589 

Priests  how  they  cause  religious  \ae- 

lancholy ii.  501,     502 

Princes'  discontents i.     161 

Pride  and  praise  causes  of  mel.  ••i.     177 
Preventjeas  to  the  cure  of  jealousie, 

ii.    465 
Progress  of  love  melan.  exemplif.fd, 

ii.     26S 
Prognosticks  or  events  of  love  mel. 
ii.  345.  of  despair,453.  of  jealousie, 

ibid,  of  nwlanch.    i.    315 

Precedency  what  stirs  it  causeth   i.     150 
Pretious  stones,  metals,  altering  me- 
lancholy   ii.      97 

Prospect  good  against  mel. -i.    400 

Prosperity  a  cause  of  misery  •  •  •  -ii.       48 

Profitable  objects  of  love ii.     167 

Protestations  and  deceitful  promises 

of  lovers ii.     282 

Psendoprophets  their  pranks,  ii.  540. 

their  symptomes    •■ 533 

Palse,  pease,  beans,  cause  of  melan- 
choly  i.       90 

Pulse  of  mel.  men,  how  'tis  affected, 

i.     268 

Pulse  a  sign  of  love  mel. ii.    293 

Purgers   and   preparatives  to  head 

mel. ii.     119 

Purging    simples   upward,   ii.   106. 

downward.    ••     109 

Purging  how  cause  of  mel. i,     116 

Q. 

Quantity  of  diet  cause,  i- 103.  cure 
of  mel. i.    356 

R. 

R.\TI0N"AL  soule i.    35 

Reading    Scriptures  good    against 

melancholy i.     427 

Recreations    good    against    melan- 
choly     -i.  403,    404 

Redness  of  the  face  helped  ii.  136,     137 

Regions  of  the  belly i.  24,     25 

Relation  or  hearing  a  cause  of  love 

melancholy    '.  ""V;     ^^^ 

Religions  mel.  a  distinct  species,  ii. 
479.  his  object,  480.  causes  of  it, 
493.  symptomes,  514.    Prognoa- 
R  R 


610 


HE    TABLE. 


PAGE. 

ticks,    541.  cure,  544.    religious 

policy,  by  whom 499 

Uepeiitance  his  cflecta-  •  • ii.     583 

Reteution  and  evacuatiou  causes  of 
iiif  lanrholj',  i.  112.  rectified  to  the 

cure    •  •  •  •  • .'■■.■■■     '^^^ 

Rich  meu's  discontent^  andmiseries, 
i.  irO.  ii.  37.  their  prerogatives, 

i.     230 

Rivals  and  corrivals ii.  427,     42S 

Roots  censured i.      99 

Rosiecross-mens  promises i.    429 

Ryot  in  apparel,  excess  of  it  a  great 
cause  of  love  niel. ii.  251    261 


Sa^ts  aid  rejected  in  mel.     •  •  •  i.     340 

Sallets  censured  ••• i.  9S,       99 

Sanguine  mel.  signs i.     2S5 

Scilla  or  sea  ODyon,a  purger  of  mel. 

ii.     106 

Scipio's  coutinency ii.     360 

Scoffes,  calumnies,  bitter  jests,  how 
thev  cause  mel.  i.  222.  their  anti- 
dote  ii.       81 

Scholars  miserieff i.  188,     189 

Scripture  mi.scoastnied  cause  of  re- 
ligious mel.  ii.  j389.  cure  of  mel. 

i.  427 
Scorzonera  good  against  mel.  •  -ii.  95 
Se^  sick,  good  physick  for  mel.  •  -ii  97 
Self-love,  cause  of  mel,  his  effects, 

i.     177 

Sensible  soule  and  his  parts i.       30 

Senses  wiiy  and  how  deluded  in  mel. 

i.  311 
Sentences  selected  out  of  humane 

authors    ii.       81 

Servitude  cause  of  mel.  i.  227.  it  and 

imprisonment  eased ii.      50 

Seviial  men's  delitjhts  and  recrea- 
tions   • i.     399 

Severe  tutors  and  guardians  causes 

of  melancholy i.     215 

Shame   and  disgrace  how  causes  of 

melancholy,  their  effects i.     )44 

Sickness  for  oiur  good ii.     HI 

Sighs  and  tears  sympt.  of  love  me- 
lancholy   ii.     291 

Sight  a  principal  cause  of  love  mel. 

ii.    217 

Siim-  of  linn'  s*  I.ve ii.     174 

Siiu).'  •   (jpi  to  mel.  ii. 

9]  1.  9.3.  p'lrging 

tai-'i  .'wnv.  .ird.pur- 

Uil.?,    :ci;.-.  • 109 

Similar  pariti  of  the  boay i.       21 

Singing  a  symptome  of  lovers,  ii. 
337.  cause  of  io>  e  me!.   2(32 


PAGE. 

Sin   the    impulsive  cause  of  man's 

misery i.        2 

Single  lite  and  virginity  commended 

ii.  387.  their  prerogatives    388 

Slavery  of  lovers  ii.     320 

Sleep  and  waking  causes  of  melan. 
».  129.  by  what  means  procured, 

helped    ....ii.     136 

Small  bodies  have  greatest  wits- 'ii.       11 

Smelling  what     ••••i      32 

Smiling  a  cause  of  love  mel.  .•••ii.    24S 

Sodomy ii.    200 

Soldiers  most  part  lascivious  •  •  •  -ii.     435 
Solitariness   cause   of  mel.    i.    12.5. 
coact,  voluntary,   how  good,  126. 

sign  of  mel.    280 

Sorrow  his  effect,  i.  140.  a  cause  of 
mel.  141.  a  sympt.  of  mel.  273. 

eased  by  counsell ii.       54 

Soule  defined,  his  faculties,  i.  28.  ex 

traduce  as  some  hold -35,      36 

Spleen  his  site,  i.  24.  how  misaffect- 

fd  cause  of  mel.   259 

Spices  how  causes  of  melauch.    ••i,     100 

Spirits  in  the  body  what i.  20,       21 

Spirits  and  divels  their  orders,kindes, 

powers,  &:c.     i.       61 

Spotsinthe  sun i.    389 

Spniceness  a  sympt.  of  lovers    "ii.    33.5 
Stars  how  causes  or  signs  of  melan . 
i.  81.  of  love  mel.  ii.  209.  of  jea- 

lonsie 429 

Step  mother  her  mischiefes •!.     252 

Storaack  distempered  cause  of  me- 
lancholy  i.     260 

Stones  like  birds,  beasts,  fishes,  &c. 

i.    370 

Stewes  why  allowed     ii.     467 

Strange  nurses  when  best    i.     214 

Study  over-much  cause  of  mel.  i. 
183.  why  and  how,  184.290.  308. 
study  good    against  melancholv, 

419,    420 

Subterranean  divels i.       71 

Supernatural  causes  of  mel. i.       52 

Suspition  and  jealousie,   sympt.   of 

mel.  i.  275.  how  caused 307 

Superstitious  effects,  syniptomes,  ii.  ' 

521 .  how  it  domineers 489,    527 

Surfeitinjr  and  drunkenness  taxed  i.  '  103 
Swallows,  cuckows,  8cc.  where  are 

they  in  winter     i.     369 

Sweet  tunes  and  singing  causes  of 

love  melancholy    ii.    262 

Syniptomes  or  signs  of  mel.  in  the 
body,  i.  206.  minde,  269.  from 
starres,  members  282.  from  edu- 
cation, custom,  continuance  of 
time,  mixt  with  other  diseases, 
289.  Symptomes  of  head  mel. 
294.  of  hypochondriacal  mel.  296. 


THE   TABLE. 


611 


PAGE. 

of  the  wliole  body,  299.  Sym- 
ptomes  of  nuns,  maids,  widows, 
mel.  300.  immediate  causes  of 
mel.  symptomes,  305.  symptomes 
of  lo\e  mel.  ii.  290.  cause  of  these 
j  symptomes,  299.  symptomes  of  a 
lover  pleased,  302.  dejected,  303. 
symptomes  of  jealousie,  446.  of 
religious  mel.  5lo.  of  despair  •  •  •  •     573 

Synteresis    i.      40 

Syrnpes   ii.     135 

T. 

Tale  of  a  prebend ii.  69 

Tarantula's  stinging  effects  •.••<>  i.  256 

Taste  what i.  32 

Temperament  a  cause  of  love  me- 
lancholy    ii.  210 

Tempestuous  ayr,  dark  and  fidigi- 

nous,  how  cause  of  mel i.  120 

Terrestrial  divels    i.  67 

Terrors  and  affrights  cause  mel.  •  i.  218 

Theologasters  censured  i.  389, 390 

The  best  cure  of  love  mel.  is  to  let 

them  have  their  desire ii.  '  322 

Tobacco  censured ii.  109 

Torments  of  love  ii.  300 

Transmigration  of  soules i.  36 

Travelling  commended,  good  against 
melancholy,  i.  398.  for  love  me- 
lancholy, especially 'ii.  361 

Tutors  cause  melancholy  .•...••  .i.  215 


V. 

Vain  glory  described,  a  cause  of  me- 
lancholy   i.  177 

Veines  described i.  22 

Valour  and  courage  caused  by  love, 

ii.  232 

Variation  of  the  compass  where  •  -i.  366 
Variety  of  meats  and  dishes  cause 

melancholy i.  357 

Variety  of  mistresses  and  objects  a 

cure  of  melancholy   ii,  365 

Variety  of  weather,  ayr,   manners, 

countryes,  whence    i.  376,  &c. 

Variety  of  places,  change   of  ayr, 

good  against  melancholy i.  398 

Vegetal  soale  and  his  faculties. .  •  .i.  28 

Vegetal  creatures  in  love    ii.  193 

Vegetal  soule  and  his  parts i.  28 

Venus  rectified  i.  363 

Venery  a  cause  of  mefancholy    -.i.  113 
Virtue  and  vice  principal  habits  of 

the  will    i.  42 

Venison  a  me),  meat»«««... i.  95 


PAGE. 

Vices  of  women   •  •  •!.  377,  378 

Violent  misery  continues  not  •  •  •  -ii.        4 
Violent  deatii  prognostick  of  me- 
lancholy, i.  18.  event  of  love  me- 
lancholy, ii.  348.  of  despair,  577. 
by  some  defended,  i.  321.  how  to 

be  censured  •  •     326 

Virginity  by  what  signs  to  be  known, 

ii.    451 

Virginity  commended ii.    3Sf 

Vitex  OT  Agnus  custus  good  against 
love  mel.    ii.    354 


u. 

Understanding  defined,  divided  i.      38 
Unfortunate  marriages'  effects,  i.  162.251 
Unlawful   cure   of  melancholy   re- 
jected  i.    333 

Unkind  friends  cause  melancholy  i.  252 
Uncharitable  men  described  •  •  •  -ii.  185 
Upstarts  censured,  their  symptomes, 

ii.  18.  31 
Urine  of  melancholy  persons  ••••!.  268 
Uxorii  ii.    433 


w. 

Walking,  shooting,  swimming,  Sec- 
good  against  melancholy,  i.  404.  ii.  355 
^.Vant  of  sleep  a  sjTnptome  of  love 

melancholy    ii.    293 

Waking  cause  of  meL  i.  126.  a  sym- 

ptome,  267.  cured    433 

Wanton  carriage  and  gesture  cause 

of  love  melancholy    ii.    242 

Water  divels i.      67 

Water  if  foul  causeth  melancholy  i.     102 
Waters  censured,  their  effects   -.i.     103 

Waters,  w  hich  good i.     354 

Waters  in  love ii.    224 

Wearisomness  of  life  a  symptomeof 

melancholy    ii.    310 

What  physick  fit  in  love  melancholy 

ii.  352 
Who  are  most  apt  to  be  jealous. 'ii.  430 
Whores'  properties  and  conditions, 

ii.  368 
Whv  good  men  are  often  rejected, 

ii.  68 
Why  fools  beget  wise  children,  wise 

men  fools i.       90 

Will  defined,   divided,  his  actions, 

why  over-ruled  •» i.       40 

Wine  causeth  mel.  i.   100.  176.  a     , 
good  cordial  against  mel.  ii.  128. 

forbid  in  love  mel,   • 253 

Windesin  love«tt»»n«.t..«...ii.    223 


612 


THE    TABLE. 


PACE 

Wives  commended,  ii.  416.  cen- 
sured      417 

Wittie  devices  against  mel.  ii  363. 

and  i.     448 

Wit  proved  by  love  •  •  • •  ii.    334 

Witlistand  the  befjinnings,  a  prin- 
cipal! cure  of  love  mel.    ii.    357 

Witches  power,  how  they  canse  me- 
lancholy, i.  17.  their  transforma- 

i  tions  how  caused,  79.  they  can 
cure  melancholy,  335.  not  to  be 
sought  to  for  help,  336.  nor  saints    340 

Widdowsmel.  i,    300 

W^oodbine,  ammi,  rue,  lettice,  how 
good  in  love  mel. ii.     354 

Women  how  cause  of  mel.  i,  176. 

\  their  vanity  in  apparell  taxed,  ii. 
247.  how  they  cozen  men,  249.      / 


Page 
by  what  art,  250.  their  counter- 
*    feit  tears,   2S1.  their  vices,  37.S. 

commended 418 

Wormwood  good  against  mel.    '-ii        91 

World  taxed i.     157 

Writers  of  the  cure  of  mel. i.     333 

Writers  of  imagination,  i  134.  de 
consolatione,  ii.  1.  of  melancholy, 
131.  of  love  melancholy,  342. 
against  idolatrie,  528.  against  de- 
spair.       578 


YoNG  man  in  love  with  a  picture, 

ii.  '-m 

Youth  a  cause  of  love  melanch.'  -ii.    211 


THE  END. 


LONDON]: 
MllNTlrt)   BY  FLUHNER   AND   BREWIS,   LOVE-LANE,"  EASTCHEAP. 


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V 


^rn  XOimy 


Al 

1826 

V.2 


Burton,   Robert 

The  anatomy  of  melancholly 
^^ew  ed. 


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