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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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AN ANCIENT IRISH PARISH
PAST AND PKESENT
AN
ANCIENT lEISH PARISH
PAST AND PRESENT
BEING
THE PARISH OF DONAGHMORE
COUNTY DOWN
BY
J. DAVISON COWAN, LL.D. (T.C.D.)
EECTOK OF DONAGHIIOK}:
AUTHOR OF ■ INTKKXATIONAL ABBITRaTION'
LONDON
DAVID NUTT
17 GRAPE STREET, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
19U
Ifc38312
PREFACE
In issuing ' An Ancient Irish Parish — Past and Present,'
I desire to record my sincere thanks to the many
kind friends who assisted me in the work, among
whom I must specially mention Dr. F. Elrington
Ball, Litt.D., Mr. Stanley Howard, F.R.S.A., Dr.
P. W. Joyce, LL.D., Rev. S. Baring-Gould, M.A.,
Rev. C. T. McCready, D.D., Rev. J. B. Leslie, M.A.,
Rev. W. T. Latimer, M.A., Mr. Phihp Crossle, and
Mr. J. F. Small. I am deeply indebted to the Rev.
Canon Lett, M.A., M.R.LA., and Mr. Hugh Digenan
for valuable information regarding the ancient place-
names and the Glen surnames.
I am under special obHgations to the Rev. H. B.
Swanzy, M.A., for much information of a genealogical
nature, and for his kindness in writing the Index.
I must also express my grateful indebtedness to
Mr. James Mills, Deputy- Keeper, Public Record
Office, Dublin, and to the Librarians and Assistants
of the Library, T.C.D., Marsh's Library, the National
Library of Ireland, and the Linen Hall Library,
vi PKEFACE
Belfast, for having afforded me so many facilities
for research. I gratefully acknowledge the kind
assistance of deceased friends, among whom were
the Rev. W. A. Reynell, B.D., the Rev. Canon
Scott, M.A. (Belfast), and the Rev. Canon Moore
Morgan, LL.D., Librarian, the Public Library, Armagh.
I also received much assistance from my wife in
various ways, and especially in reading the proofs.
J. DAVISON COWAN.
DoNAOHMOHE Rectory,
Feast of St. MacEbc
(First Bisiior of Donaghmobe),
July 0, 1913.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I.
' DONAOHMORE OK MOY CoVA '
PAGE
1
II.
DONAGHMORE PaRISH
. 37
III.
Antiquities of Donaghmore
. 120
TV.
DONAOHMORE PaRISH ChURCH
. 164
V.
Donaghmore Parish Vestry Books
. 213
VI.
Donaghmore Presbyterian Church
. 260
VII.
Donaghmore Dispensary
. 304
VIII.
Glen and Fotjrtowns .
. 336
IX.
Donaghmore Churchyard
. 370
Index
. 399
LIST OF ILLUSTIIATIONS
Droman-tine House
Celtic Cross
DONAOHMOBE PaKISH C'llVRCll .
DONAOIIMORE PrESBYTERIAX ChFRCII
IIaUSHAW HOMliSTEAD
Frontispiece
To face p. 156
180
2G0
316
DONAGHMORE
CHAPTER I
' DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA *
The parish of Donaghmore takes its name indirectly
from the church, and hence has an ecclesiastical
Domnaeh o^^igin. The townland in which the church
nior— De- is situated was originally called Donagh-
rivation and more, and from thence the name was
i eamng. applied to the parish, ^^^len parishes were
formed the names given them were generally those
of townlands within their respective limits ; but, in
almost all cases, the townland in which the church
was situated gave its name to the parish.
The Irish language afforded St. Patrick and the
other early Christian missionaries few terms which
could be used for ecclesiastical purposes. Conse-
quently, the}' had to borrow from the Latin, and some-
times from Greek through Latin — while the words
thus appropriated became ' changed in form to suit
the L'ish laws of pronunciation.' i
One of these words was Domnaeh, which is derived
from the Latin, {Dies) Dominica, and signifies in Lrish
' Sunday,' or ' the Lord's Day,' and also a ' church ' ;
' See Joyce, Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. i, p. 316.
B
2 DONAGmiORE
and, according to the best authorities, all the churches
in Ireland which bear the name Domnach, or— in its
anglicised form — 'Donagh,' were so called because their
foundations were marked out on Sunday, or the Lord's
Day. Mor in Irish means ' great ' — anglicised, ' more '
— and hence 'Donaghmore ' signifies the 'Great Church.'
The spelling of the w^ord varies but little at present.
In the older records the Irish is more or less preserved
— where we have Dompnachmore, Domnachmore,
Donnachmore and Donachmore. In modern times
it is generally spelled Donaghmore or Donoughmore ;
but the former is undoubtedly the correct orthography
and is that adopted on the ordnance map.
Donaghmore w-as anciently termed by w'ay of
distinction Domnach Mor MuigJie Cohha — i.e. Donagh-
more of Magh Cobha — Magh Cobha being
Domgh- ^j^g name of the territory in which it was
more ot . , • « i
Magh Cobha. Situated. In the early centuries of the
Christian era there were no parishes in
Ireland, and during this period Donaghmore was simply
the townland which contained the church — subse-
quently called TuUynacross — and at present the Glebe
on the ordnance map. It will therefore be necessary
to treat of the territory in general, of which the several
townlands of the present parish of Donaghmore in
early times formed a part. Bishop Reeves (' Ecclesi-
astical Antiquities '), in his sketch of Donaghmore and
its ancient church, refers at length, in the same con-
nection, to Magh Cc bha, while Dr. Jthn O'Donovan, in
his notes on the Four Masters and the ' Book of Rights,'
constantly associates this territory with Donaghmore
and its church.
• DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 8
Magh Ccbha (pronounced Moy Cova) signifies the
Plain of Cobha, and was doubtless known as such for
Ma h Cobha ^'^^^J centuiies before the Christian era.
— Significa- Bishop Eeeves i informs us that according
tion and Lo- to the ' Eennes Dinnsenchus ' ~ Magh Ct bha
cation. ^^.^g surnamed after Ctbha, the huntsman
of the sons of Miletius ^ of Spain. D( ubtless, the
particular passage referred to in the ' Dinnsenchus '
by Dr. Eeeves is that quoted by Dr. Joyce as
follows : — ' Ccba (Cova), the Cuchaire or trapper of
Heremon (first Milesian King of Ireland) sen of Mile-
sius ; it is he that first prepared a trap {airrdiis) and a
pit-fall [cuiihecli] in Erin ; and he himself put his foot
in it to try if it was trim, whereupon his shin-bcne
and his two forearms were fractured in it ; and his
drinking-cup, after being emptied, fell down, so he
died thereof (i.e. of the wound and thirst) ; whence is
derived Mag Coba, Cova's plain.' *
In the third century this territory was ruled by
Prince Eochaidh ^ Cobha (Eochaidh in Iiish denotes
eques, horseman), and was known as the plain of
Eochaidh Cobha. The tribe name ancientl}^ borne
by the territory was Uibh Eathach, from which, when
anglicised and the silent letters dropped, we derive
Evagh, Iveach or Iveagh, the name of the barony.
' Ecclesiastical Antiquitits, p. 349.
^ A tract giving the legendary history and etymology of the
names of remarkable places.
•^ The Milesian Colony, of Spanish origin, arrived in Ireland about
thirteen hundred years before ihe binh of Christ.
* Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. ii. p. 469.
^ This prince was the great ancestor of the Mageni ises and other
ancient families of the race of Ir-one of the Milesian Kings of Ireland.
4 DONAGHMOEE
There seems to have been a conflict of opinion at
one time in regard to the location of the territory of
^lagh Cobha— chiefly owing to an error of the Four
Masters in placing it in Tyrone. Dr. John O'Donovan,
in the notes to his translation of the Four Masters,
thus refers to it :
' The Four Masters, and from them Colgan and
others, have erred in placing the plain (Magh Cobha)
in Tyrone, and Dr. Lanigan has been set astray by
them, where he conjectures (' Ecclesiastical History of
Ii-eland ') that Magh Cobha was probably where the
village now called Coagh is situated ; but the situation
of the plain of Magh Cobha is fixed by the older writers,
who place it in Uibh Eathach, now Iveagh, and who
placed it in the Church of Domhnach More Muighe
Cobha, which is unquestionably the present Donagh-
more, in the barony of Upper Iveagh, nearly midway
between Newry and Loughbrickland.' i
O'Donovan cites the best authorities for his con-
tention both here and in the ' Book of Rights,' ~ where
he affords us some idea as to the extent of the plain —
placing it ' in the monastery of Druim Mor (Dromore)
and the Church of Domhnach Mor Muighe Cobha '
(Donaghmore). ' Donaghmore of Magh Cobha ' has
been so closely connected with this territory that some
have been led to suppose that it was coterii inous with
the present b )undaries of the parish of Donaghmore,
but this is a mistake.
' Vol. iii. p. 3-14. - Note. pp. Hw-li
' DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 5
The territory was of considerable extent and em-
braced a large portion of Iveagh — extending from
Donaghmore to Dromore. According to Hogan's
' Onomasticon,' the river Lagan at Dromore was in
Magh Ccbha. Some authorities consider that this
territory extended from Newry to Dromore,^ but the
probability is that it included only the north section
of the lordship of Newry.
According to the Four Masters, Magh Cobha was
cleared of wood and the forts erected a.m. 3529,
during the reign of Irial (known as the Prophet), son
of Eremon, Ejng of Ireland. With all due respect,
however, to such eminent authorities, it may be
safely asserted that there were great forests in
Magh Cobha for many centuries after this date,
while doubtless only some of the forts were then
erected.
The ' Annals ' also record the names of several kings
or chiefs of the territory as at the following dates :
A.D. 683— Fearghus ; 732— Cuanach ; 734—
ChiSsof Feaxghus Glut; 771— Conall Crai ; 796
Mlgh^Cobha. (^^cfe 801) Euchaid ; 851— Cearnach ; 879—
Conallan. The Magennises were chiefs of
Magh Cobha in the twelfth century, and indeed for
a long time afterwards. They superseded another
branch of the Magennis family — named O'Haideth —
the last of whom was slain a.d. 1136 — while, accord-
ing to O'Dubhagam's ' Topographical Poem,' the
O'Quinns, the O'Garveys and the O'Hanveys were
among the petty kings in Iveagh.
' See Orpen, Ireland under the Normans, p. 117.
6 DONAGHMORE
It is interesting to know the rights and revenues
of these petty Kings of Magh Cobha. This ui-
formation is afforded us in the ' Book of
Rrhta"^ Eights,' which gives us 'an account of
the rights of the Monarchs of all Ii'eland,
and the revenues payable to them by the principal
Kings of the several provinces, and of the stipends
paid by the Monarchs to the inferior Kings for their
services. It also treats of the rights of each of the
provincial Kings, and the revenues payable to them
from the inferior Kings of the districts or tribes
subsidiary to them, and of the stipends paid by the
superior to the inferior provincial Kings for their
services ' (Introduction, ' Book of Rights ').
Stipend of ^^^® following is the stipend of the King
King of of Magh Cobha paid by the King of
Magh Cobha. \J\.^(\l-^ . 1
'The stipend of the King of Cobha of Victory (is)
Ten drinking-horns, ten wounding swords,
Ten ships which a host mans,
Ten cloaks with their borders of gold.'
He had also the followmg rights :
' Entitled is the King of Magh Cobha
Of the light and thin -edged weapons
To eight greyhounds and eight steeds
And eight mares in fine rurming order.'
The ' Book of Rights ' contains no record of the
King's Lee-Metfords, motors, or aeroplanes !
Doubtless, there was a castle, or castles, in Magh
' Ul.iflh was the name applied to the entire province of Ulster
lip till 332 — after which it embraced the counties of Antrim and
Down only — kno^vn as ' Little Ulster.'
' DONAGHMOKE OF MOY COVA ' 7
Cobha from the earliest times. One of these structm'es
is mentioned by the Four Masters, where we read of
' the foreigners of the castle of Magh Cobha ' making
an incursion into Tirowen (Tyrone) in 1188.
Castles of j-^,^ ^j^^^ ^^^^, ^j^-^ ^^^^^e is Said to have
Cobha. , , , , ^ ,. ,
been a strong one — possessed by the English
(' the foreigners '), who doubtless captured it from a
native chief or king. This castle is also mentioned
in the ' Confirmation ' of Innocent III. of John
de Courcy's Charter to St. Andrew de Stokes
(' Papal Letters,' vol. i. p. 17). According to
the ' Annals of Ulster,' it was rebuilt of stone
in 1252 by the son of Maurice Fitzgerald, and
denulished by Brian O'Neill in the following year —
having met the fate of many similar buildings in
those troublous times. It was restored 1260. Knox
informs us that this castle was in Donaghmore.i
Probably Knox is indebted for his information to
Harris, who states that castles were formerly erected
at Tuscan Pass (Jerretspass) and Fenwick's Pass
(Poyntzpass).-
The ' Annals of the Four ]\Iasters ' record various
exploits in Magh Cobha at the years herein mentioned,
and although no particular spot in the
SlghCobha. territory is specified as a _ scene of
action, yet we may feel certain that no
portion of the little kingdom stood aloof and
unaffected in the circumstances. Indeed, it is
more than probable that some of the principal
scenes of action in many of the stirring events and
sanguinary conflicts recorded lay within the modern
^ HUtory of Down, p. 356. - Down, p. 85.
8 DONAGHMORE
bounds of the parish of Donaghmore, and especially
in that portion contiguous to the Passes from Armagh
to Down, viz. Jerretspass and Poyntzpass.
A.u. 998, Magh Cobha was plundered by Aedh,
son of Donihnall i when a ' great spoil of cattle ' was
carried off —after wards called ' the great spoil of Magh
Cobha.'
A.D. 11U2, an army was led into Magh Cobha by
the Cinel Eoghain.- The Ulidians 3 entered their
camp during the night and slew two distinguished
personages.
A.D. 1108, a ' great war ' was waged between the
Cinel Eoghain and the Ulidians, with its seat princi-
pally in :Magh Cobha— though the first battle seems to
have been fought close to the city of Armagh. Large
forces proceeded to Magh Cobha to reheve the Uhdians,
viz. ' Muir Cheartach Ua Briain (O'Brien), with the
men of Munstcr, Leinster, and Osraige (Ossory), and
with the chiefs of Connaught, and the men of Meath
with their Kings.' ' Both parties went all into Machaire
Arda-Macha ■i— and were for a week laying siege to
Ardmach ' (City of Armagh). Muir Cheartach, it
seems, when ' the men of Munster w^ere wearied,'
entered Armagh by a devious route, ' and left 8 oz.
of gold upon the altar, and promised 8 score cows,' —
' Kiiig of Aik-ach — Ela;^h — in luis-Eoghaui, Inisho\\en iii Coimty
Donegal.
' The race of Eoghaui — the O'Neills, MacLaughlins, and their
' correlatives in Tyrone.'
* The jxople of Uladh — called by O'Flaherty, who wrote iii
Latin, Uhdia, wliUe he designated the other portion of Ulster
Ultonia.
* The pluiji of Armagh — lying round the city.
' DONAGHMOKE OF MOY COVA ' 9
after which he returned to Magh Cobha, where a
' spirited battle ' was fought on ' Tuesday the Nones i
of August,' between Domhnall Ua Lochlainn, with the
Clanna-Neill of the north, and the men of Munster,
Leinster, and Ossory. The latter were defeated with
great slaughter by the Clanna-Neill, who ' returned
to their forts victoriously and triumphantly, with
valuable jewels and much wealth, together with the
royal tent, the standard, and many other precious
jewels.'
A.D. 1103, Maghnus, King of Norway, who had
contemplated the invasion of all Ireland, was slain by
the Ulidians, and his people slaughtered at
Kiiig of Nor- j^j^Qy Cova, while on a predatory excursion
way si. in m \
Magh Cobha. "^ this territory.
The ' Annals of Ulster ' also record that
the King of Norway was slain in this year (1103) ' at
Moy Cova in which is situated Donaghmore beyond
Newry in Iveagh.'
A.D. 1104, Domhnall, grandson of Lochlain, led
an army to Magh Cobha when he obtained ' the host-
ages of the Ulidians.'
In A.D. 1109 another attack is made on the Ulidians
who were in Magh Cobha by ' the people of the North
of Ireland, with the Cinel-Conaill and the Cinel-
Eoghain— when the UHdians gave them the three
hostages which they themselves selected.'
A.D. 1113, Magh Cobha is once more the seat of
^ In ancient times the month was divided into Kalends, Nones,
and Ides. The Nones fell on the 5th of the month, except in May,
March, July and October, when they fell on the 7th. The Ides in the
latter four months fell on the loth, but generally on the 13th.
10 DONAGmiOKE
war. Donnchcadh ' is banished from Ulidia, his king-
dom divided and given to others. His old alUes, the
men of Munster, Leinster, and Connaught, proceed to
Magh Cobha to his aid. ' Another army . . . was
marched by Dondmall Ua Lochlainn to relieve the
Ulidians : and there was a challenge between them,
but the successor of St. Patrick separated them,
under the semblance of peace and tranquillity.'
A.D. 1128, the hostages of Ui-Eathach were
carried off by a plundering army which entered Magh
Cobha.
In A.D. 1188, we are told, the English of Moy
Cova Castle and a party from Iveagh set off on a
plundering excursion all the way ' into Tyrone '—
where they seized a number of cows. They were
pursued by Donnell O'Loughlin and his retainers, who
defeated them with great slaughter. ' But Donnell,
the son of Hugh O'Loughlin, Lord of Aileach, and
heir-presumptive to the throne of L'eland, . . . alone
received a thrust from an English spear, and fell in the
heat of the conflict.'
It would be deeply interesting to know something
in regard to the people who lived here in ancient
times — their lineage, social condition, and
coWms^' Planners and customs, together with the
physical aspect of the place ; but such
information is only afforded us from what is
known of the Irish people and the country in
general at the period. In ancient times the Irish,
though a mixed race, were certainly more closely allied
' King of Ulidia.
' DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 11
in blood than we are to-day ; their social condition,
manners and customs were more uniform than at
present. Between Ulster and Connaught there was
no substantial difference in these respects, while the
physical aspect of the country as a whole was much
the same' — apart from its natural conformation.
In these several respects, therefore, anything that
may be said of Ireland and the Irish people in general
is largely apphcable to Moy Cova and its people in
particular. In regard to Pagan times we are lost in
the mists of legend and myth, though doubtless these
contain kernels of truth ; but we are on surer ground
when we co.ne to the earlier centuries of the Christian
Era. It is not to be inferred, however, that Chris-
tianity changed all ; for, as a matter of fact, much was
handed down from Pagan times, and survived for
centuries ; and even yet traces may be found of customs
— at least' — which have been in vogue from time
immemorial. It is worthy of note, too, in this connec-
tion that ' The Institutions, Arts and Customs of
Ancient Ireland, with few exceptions, grew up from
within, almost wholly unaffected by external influence.'^
Rome, which conquered and influenced most of
the ancient world, never subjugated Ireland — what-
ever she may have done ecclesiastically in bygone
times.
Much of this preliminary chapter, it is to be feared,
may appear a digression from that which the reader
had expected, but as our intention is to give a ' pen
picture ' of things as they were here and elsewhere
in past times, and which we understand will be of
' Joyce, Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. i. p. 1.
12 DONAGHMORE
interest, we crave the pardon of those who are Hkely
to prefer something more njodern.
The Moyeovians were doubtless for the most part
a portion of the great Celtic family which colonised
Ireland at an early date, and largely
Moycoviuis possessed the characteristics of their race
SuicFamiiy.iii ^3'pe and temperament. They were
' certainly of purer stock than those of a
subsequent period, while it is to be feared that at
present among the modern inhabitants it would be
impossible to find a ' pure Celt ' anywhere — though
some possess the pardonable pride that they are such.
During the long lapse of centuries the Irish have
become a very mixed race— for the most part,
' descendants of Firbolgs and other British
I™'\"'„ and Belgic races, Umorians, Formorians,
Jlucfd Race. ^ , ■,^., • ^ i -kt
Tuatha De Danands, j\lilesians, Gauls, Nor-
we.izians, Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Normans, and English.'
Sullivan, who, if he could advocate the existence
of a ' pure Celt,' would certainly do so, yet, in view
of this admixture of race in Ireland, makes the
following significant comment : ' This (admixture)
is a fact which should be remembered by those who
theorise over the qualities of pure Celts, whoever
these may be.' ^
It seems there were two distinct types of people in
ancient Ireland, and it is confidently asserted that,
notwithstanding the subsequent admixture
wo yFso £ race, such can still be traced. Sullivan
Ancient Irish. , '
considers that there are a few broad
facts regarding the ethnology of ancient Ireland
' Introduction — Manners and Cuslotns of the Ancie7it Irish,
O'C'urrv. p. xxiv.
* DONAOmiOEE OF MOY COVA ' 13
which may be taken as certainly estabhshed.
' In the first place, there were two distinct types of
people — one a high statured, golden-coloured or red
haired, fair-skinned, and blue, or grey-blue eyed race ;
the other a dark-haired, dark-eyed, pale-skinned,
small or medium statured, little-limbed race. The
two types may still be traced in the country, and are
curiously contrasted in their blushes : the fair-haired
type has a pinkish tinge, the other a full red, with
scarcely a trace of pink in their blush.' ^
We fail to trace these types in Donaghmore — at
least so far as blushes are concerned. The truth is,
we are not a blushmg people, but should we occasionally
' colour,' the hue seems to be a deep crimson !
Dr. Joyce gives us the ' marks of aristocracy '
among the ancient Irish as ' an oval face, broad above
Ancient ^^^^ narrow below, golden hah', fair skin,
Physical white, delicate, and well-formed hands,
Mariis of -with slender tapering fingers.' ~ We are not
ns ocracy. ^^^^j.^ ^^^ £^j, ^^q^q ' niarks ' are traceable
in our modern aristocracy. Certainly, ' the true Celtic
head of Ireland ' is wanting, which O'Curry describes
as ' a face broad above and "harrow below.' 3
Canon MacCulloch, D.D., in his recent standard
work on ' The Religion (Pagan) of the Ancient Celts,'
after showing in the opening chapter (on ' The Celtic
Family ') that tHey were a mixed race — having mixed
not only with the aborigines of the lands in which they
settled, but with other peoples — refers to their types and
characteristics. They were, we are told, of differing
' Introduction — O'Curry, p. Ixxii.
^ Social History, vol. ii. p. 176.
^ Manners and CvMoms, vol. iii. p. 94.
14 DONAGHMOEE
types ; some short and dark, others tall and fau',
and blue-eyed. But among all there is a common
Celtic fades ; the same old Celtic charac-
Celtic Types teristics are exhibited by all — ' vanity,
terisiics!"'^' loquacity, excitability, fickleness, imagina-
tion, love of the romantic, fidelity, attach-
ment to family ties, sentimental love of their
country, religiosity passing over easily to superstition,
and a comparatively high degree of sexual morality.'
The Moycovians lived under the clan system — a
grouping of society which was far different from that
of to-day. The people were divided into
^,^, ^^ tribes and clans, as were the Scotch and
the Anglo-Saxons in remote tnnes. In the
expanding series there were : the Family (' the living
parents and all their descendants '), the Sept, the
Clan, and the Tribe. These several divisions were
supposed to be united hy descent from a common
ancestor ; but such descent was more or less fictitious,
as ' those whose degree of consanguinity was doubtful
or obscure,' and even strangers, were frequently
adopted into all the groups.
Under the tribal system Ireland was blest with a
multitude of kings — in regular gradation order.
Besides the supreme monarch, there were
o7'Kingr *^® Kings of the Five Provinces, i and
those of the Tuaths, and Mor Tuaths, i.e.
a number of Tuaths united. A Tuath, we are
informed, contained about 177 English square miles,
' In the bcginnning of the second century Ireland was divided
into five Provinces, the fifih being Meath. This division continued
till long after the Anglo-Norman invasion.
' DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 15
representing an oblong district sixteen miles by
eleven. 1 Moj' Cova was a Tuath, and had its own
king, as had doubtless most of the other Tuaths — at
least those not united into Mor Tuaths. In all Ire-
land there were 184 Tuaths, and taking into account
the Mor Tuaths, it may be safely asserted that the Irish
kings in those days numbered at least upwards of 160 !
Under such a regal host, Ireland, in those olden
times, should have been well and peacefully governed ;
but the truth is it was far otherwise.
TribarG^Jv- ^^^® *^'^^'^^ system with its gradation of
ernment. kings provided about the worst government
possible, especially for a people of the
Celtic temperament. There was no cohesion, and
no real central authority — even that of the supreme
monarch was only nominal. ' The chief king had
no power over the numerous sub-regu i beyond what
he could enforce by arms, and there was no cohesion
even ammgst cl ns the most closely related.' ^ Ice-
land was only so mmy petty kingdoms or principalities
with no clearly defined rights and cbligaticns that could
be legally enforced — while each contained the fiery
elements which, on the slightest pretext, so often
culminated in bloody strife, and hence the constant
wars and tumults of which we read. Tribe fought
with tribe and chief with chief, and only the fittest
survived.
' The term Tuath had both a geographical and genealogical
signification, having been ' applied to the people occupj-ing a district
which had a complete poll ical and legal administration, a Chief or
Righ (King), and could bring mto the field a battalion of seven
hundred men (' Litroduction, O'Curry, p. Ixxix.).
■"' Introduction, O'Curry, p. xli.
16 DONAGHMORE
It cannot be truthfully said that Ireland was ever
a nation in the proper acceptation of the term, though
G • en's "^'^ ^^'® aware others hold to the contrary.
'Irish Mrs. Green writes beautifully on 'Irish
Naion- Nationahty,' but it is to be feared she
*^"-^'-' frequently romances, and, instead of stating
facts, too often deals in fiction. She admits that (at
the time she claims this ' Nationality ') there was
' no central authority '—only a number of ' self-
governing communities ' — ' each tribe being sapreme
within its own borders,' and hence a ' divided govern-
ment.' True there was a uniform system of law, such
as it was ; but there was no Executive to enforce it,
except the sword ! With all due respect to Mrs.
Green's opinion in regard to ' Irish Nationality ' (if
she means • Ireland, a Nation, ' as the term is
popularly understood) we make bold to assert that
no such idea existed, nor could it in the circumstances.
If our authoress means, by ' Irish Nationality,' Irish
sentiment and tradition, she is nearer the truth.
These did assuredly prevail, and we are among
those who think they should still prevail. The Scotch
have largely maintained their old national customs
and traditions, and to their credit be it told. He is a
poor Irishman who will not do likewise. Doubtless
the present revival of Irish learning will do much to
improve matters in this respect, if it can he kept out of
the domain of jjoJitics ! In this connection, we think
that anyone who wishes to study Irish archaeology
should learn the Irish language. For others, the study
would be simply a waste of time — the acquirement
l»eing perfectly worthless as a qualification for any
DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 17
post of importance either inside or outside of Ireland.
The Enghsh language holds the field, and bids ' fair
to become the general language of the human race '
(Avebury).
It is interesting to know the nature of the tenure
of lands in Donaghmore in its territorial days, and
elsewhere in Ireland, and that of the rents
Tenures ^^ ^® P^^*^ ^^ ^^® tenants. According to
the best authorities, it would seem that in
the most ancient times there was no private owner-
ship of land in Ireland' — that it was all common
property, and every few years there was a fresh
distribution, i.e. the tenure was not fixed or permanent.
Private ownership was a matter of evolution, and
it was only by slow degrees that certain persons
began to possess land as their absolute property ;
but, even then, such lands comprised a very small
portion of the soil of Ireland. The king, his nobles,
and a few others who rendered him various kinds of
services, held lands in this way, which they let to
tenants for a term of seven years, and for which they
were paid rent in kind. The mensal lands of the chief
could thus be let, but such were not private property,
being his only for life or during his chieftainship.
Most of the land, however, was either tribe-land or
commons-land, and in neither case was private owner-
ship recognised. The tribe-land was common property
and belonged to the people in general. It was, how-
ever, parcelled out to the several families of the sept,
and every few years there was a fresh distribution.
The commons-land (not arable land) was fenceless and
used in common by all for pasturage and other purposes.
18 DONAGHMORE
Doubtless a large portion of Donaghmore was commons-
laud— such as Glen, the marshes, the bogs and
forests. Those who held tribe-land or used commons-
land, although they were not hable for rent in the
ordinary acceptation of the term, yet they were obliged
to make certain payments or subsidies to the chief. ^
It may be noted that those who occupied tribe or
commons-land could not dispose of such by will or
otherwise. Their property was purely personal, which
passed on the death of the owner to his family. If
the owner died in debt to the value of his ' estate,'
only a certain portion went to his creditors, the family
being entitled to a small part, so as to be saved from
destitution. This is what was called ' The rights of a
corpse ' — thus mentioned by Ware : ' Every dead
body has in its own right a cow and a horse, and a
garment, and the furniture of his bed ; nor shall any
of these be paid in satisfaction of his debts ; because
they are, as it were, the special property of his body.' -
It will thus be seen that, under the Brehon Laws,
I'luler which regulated the land customs in
Brchon Laws ancient times, the tenant had no right of
—no F xiiy private ownership, and no fixity of tenure,
except for a few years, and that, more-
over, he was obliged to pay rent. True, the tribe
land was supposed to be the common property of the
people ; but when the individual is denied the right
of private ownership and a permanent tenure of
his particular holding, the phrase ' common pro-
perty ' is not so fascinating. Such were the sole
rights and obhgations of tenants under ' Irish law.'
' Seo Joyce, vol. i. p. 188. - Avfiqq., 152.
' DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 19
British law seems to have been more generous to the
Irish tenant. Under the recent Land Purchase Acts,
Irish tenants have been enabled to purchase their
holdings, the British exchequer advancing the money,
for which a moderate interest is charged for a term of
years—when they become absolute owners of their
farms, free of rent.
It is worth noting that the first rent-payers in
Ireland were the Firbolgs, who were conquered by the
Tuatha De Danann. ' Breas Mac Elathan,
Rent-payers. ^^^^ ^^ ^^^® Tuatha De Danand Kings,
was the first who imposed rents in
Ireland, and the rent-payers were chiefly the
Firbolgs, and so grievous were the burthens he im-
posed upon the whole country that he was deposed.
The Scoti or Milesians conquered the Tuatha De Danand
and in turn made Aithechs or tenants of them, and so
it has continued as in most other countries, each
succeeding conquering race obliging their conquered
predecessors to pay tributes and rents.' ^
We are sure it would be an interesting sight to us
moderns if we could behold the old inhabitants of
Donaghmore in their native dress — so far
Ancient different from our present habiliments.
Costume. The costume worn by them was that
of the ancient Irish, and was indeed
a very picturesque one^ — at least so far as colours were
concerned — though we fear the combinations were not
quite harmonious ! The upper garments worn by
the men were mainly of four classes : a great cloak,
without sleeves, commonly covering the whole person
' Introduction (Sullivan), Professor O'Curry. p. xxiii.
c 2
20 DONAGHMORE
from the shoulders ; a jacket, tight-fitting, with
sleeves ; a cape for shoulders with head-hood ; a
]^ilt— same as that worn by the Scottish Highlander ;
while one of the nether garments was a tight-fitting
trousers— caUed iriw Wias^anghcised frei^-s— from which
we derive ' trousers.' The large sleeveless cloak was
worn by both men and women, and was variously
dyed.i
The Irish were very fond of colours ; and besides,
rank was denoted by the hue of the
Rank garment. The * Book of Ballymote ' has
Colour ^ ^^^® following stanza on the ' sumptuary
law ' of dress :
' Mottled to simpletons, blue to women ;
Crimson to Kings of every host ;
Green and black to noble laymen ;
White to clerics of proper devotion.'
It seems the distinction of rank by the wearing of
certain colours had a pagan origin, and was mtro-
Pa an Origin ^^^^^^^' '"^^cording to our legendary history,
of the ° by the thkteenth monarch of L'eland —
Sumptuary Tigcrnmas — B.C. 1543. His successor,
^^^^' Eochaidh Edgudach — known as ' Eochaidh,
the cloth-designer ' — is said to have extended and
completely established this sumptuary law. O'Curry
refers to a statement by Keating (on the authority of
an ancient record now lost) that it was by this Eochaidh
' cloth was first coloured crimson, blue and gieen in
Ireland. It was by him that various colours were
introduced into the wearing-clothes of Erin — viz. one
colour in the clothes of servants ; two colours in the
^ See Joj'ce, Social History, vol. ii. p. 193.
• DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 23
clothes of rent-paying farmers ; three colours in the
clothes of officers ; five colours in the clothes of chiefs ;
six colours in the clothes of OllamJis (Doctors holding
the highest degi'ee in the arts or professions) and
poets ; seven colours in the clothes of Kings or Queens.
It was from this (says the old book) the custom has
grown this day, that all these colours are in the clothes
of a Bishop.' ^
O'Curry refers to the colours worn by the cele-
brated Queen of Connaught, Medbh, and her consort,
Ailill, in the century immediately preceding the
Christian era — recorded in ' The Tain.' These two
good people had been boasting and, it would seem,
disputing in regard to their respective possessions,
when, to end the contest, it was decided to make a
complete inspection of their valuables. Among the
precious possessions examined was the royal wardrobe
— the colours of which are thus specified : ' Crimson,
and blue, and black, and green, and yellow, and
speckled, and pale, and gray, and blay, and
striped ' ! -
The old Brehon Law (which was much like our
Common Law, there being no Parliament in ancient
times, and consequently no Statute Law) took cognis-
ance of kish costume — its material and colours — as
denoting position or rank. A sumptuary law in the
Senchus Mor lays down the following regulations : — ■
' The sons of Idngs, when in fosterage, were to have
satin mantles, dyed scarlet, purple or blue ' ; while ' the
sons of chiefs were to be dressed in red, green, and
^ Manners and Customs, vol. iii. p. 89.
2 Ibid. p. 90.
22 DONAGHMORE
brown clothes, and those of inferior ranks in grey,
yellow, black and white.' ^
The inhabitants of Moy Cova must have been
fairiiliar with the picturesque sight of the Ulster
clans and their leaders, with their
CUns'^^^^'^ differences of costume and colours— as
they marched through the territory, and
doubtless fought in their midst. Indeed, the
Moycovians themselves were members of an Ulster
clan — three of whose chiefs (' the three good chieftains
of Moy Cova ') have been immortalised in the great
poem of ' The Tarn ' (see infra).
A vivid pen-picture of the Ulster clans is afforded
us in the tale of the Tain — one of our best pieces of
Irish Homeric literature — though of course all due
allowance must be made for the poetic license assumed
by the author of the poem in his description.
Queen ^ledbh of Connaught with her army had
invaded Ulster — the kmgdom of her former husband
the renowned Conchobar Mac Nessa. In her retreat
with the Connaught forces she was o\ertaken by
Conchobar and the Ulster army at Slane of Meath.
She and her consort, Ailill, held a council, when
MacRoth, the royal herald, was ordered to go forth and
observe the approaching clans of Ulster, and then
return with an exact account of * their military order,
their dress, their weapons, and their numbers.'
The Ulster warriors were fast approaching, and anon
the herald heard,
' Floating from far away, a imiflkd roar,
A crackling, thunderous murmur, and deep din
Of many mingled sounds.'
' Joyce, Social Ilialori/, vol. ii. p. 222,
' DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 2B
He gazed again,
' And while he gazed, he heard a growing roar
Of mingled booming, crymg, thundering,
With shrill, sharp snaps and thuds, ringings and cheers,
All floating towards him on the eastern wind.'
MacRoth had not long to wait, for soon,
* From early morning till the evening fell,
The Ulster hosts arrived in Slane of Meath.
So great their numbers that in all the time
The land was ne'er left naked, but was clothed
By moving throngs. All orderly they came ;
For every throng surrounded its own King,
And every band its lord.'
The first warrior described by MacRoth is the great
champion — Conchobar MacNessa — King of Ulster,
who led the northern hosts — having under
Ulster "^^° his special command 'an ardent, stalwart
band of very noble aspect,' esteemed in
' numbers to be thrice three thousand.'
'AU,
Quick flinging off their raiment, dug the earth,
And lifted sods, and raised a mighty momid
High on the rounded summit of a hill,
To be a seat and station for their lord.
And he, their lord, was tall and thinly built.
Courteous and proud, of princeliest way and style,
Accustomed to command and to restrain.
And awful was his kingly gleaming eye.
His yellow bush of crisped drooping hair ;
His trimly forking beard ; his crimson fooan (mantle)
Folding five times about him ; the gold pin.
Above his breast ; the lagna (shirt) next his skin,
Of purest white, adorned with threads of gold.
Were all of princely make. He wore, besides,
24 DONAGHMOEE
A white-bright shield, adorned with monstrous beasts,
Li deep red gold. In the one liand he bore
A gi)!den-hihcd sword, and in the other
A wide, gray spear.'
Chieftains of We must not fail to mention the ' Three
Moy Cova good chieftains of Moj^ Cova ' :
' "There came another band into tliat hill,""
MacRoth went on. '• Controlling it, I saw
Three purple-faced and anger-kindled men
Of honourable rank. Each had thick hair
Of pale blay-yellow ; and their ample brats (mantles)
Were all alike, and were secured by pins
Of Ijrightest gold. Bright gold embroidery
Adorned their three neat lagnas. Tlieir three shields
Were all alike. A gold-hilted sword
Each wore upon his thigh ; in his right hand
Each grasped a gray, white spear."
" Who were those, Fergus ? " asked Al-Yill.
'' Three good chieftains of Moy Cova "..."'
Among the numerous clans described bv ^MacRoth
was that under the great chieftain Celtchair Mac
Uthair of Dun-da-leth-dass (Downpatrick)
Clan of , , 1 1 • • -i 1
Celtchair — ^ ^^^^^ overwhelmmg ni magnitude ;
Mac Uthair fierj'-red in a heat ; a battalion in numbers ;
of Down- ^ j.Q(.,|j jj-^ strength ; a destruction in battle ;
as thunder in impetuosity. The chief-
tain at its head (a great contrast to Conchobar !)
was an angry, terrific, hideous man, long-nosed, large-
eared, apple-eyed : with coarse, dark-gray hair. He
wore a striped cloak, and, instead of a brooch, he had
a stake of iron in that cloak over his breast — which
' From the beautiful pocticlranslation of The Tain by Mrs. Mary
A. Iluttoii of Belfast, look xiv. pp. .'}84-9 and 404.
' DONAGHMOKE OF MOY COVA ' 25
reached from one shoulder to the other. He wore a
coarse, streaked shirt next his skin.' ^
We cannot forbear to mention the pictm'esque
clan of Ercc— the little son of Capri Nia-Fer, Monarch
of Erin, and of Fedilm (ever-blooming)
^^^^ °^ Nucruthach, daughter of Conchobar, King
of Ulster. The herald describes this clan
and its youthful chieftain thus :
* Some of them had red cloaks, some gray cloaks ;
others blue cloaks ; and others cloaks of green, blay,
white, and yellow ; and these cloaks all floating
splendidly and brightly upon them. There is a red
speckled little boy, with a crimson cloak, among them
in the centre ; he has a brooch of gold in that cloak
over his breast ; and a shirt of kingly silk interwoven
with red gold next his white skin.' ~
Well, ' the old order changeth, giving place to the
new ' — the ' Ulster clans ' have gone, never to return,
and the Irish dress, so many-coloured and picturesque,
has long since disappeared, with the exception,
„ ^ perhaps, of that faint relic, the large
Relic of hooded cloak which, we are told, the
Ancient country-women still wear in many parts
Dress. ^j Ii'eland, though we have not observed
it in Donaghmore ; and ' more is the pity,' for it is a
very comely attire — especially if, as in ancient times,
it is ' striped and spotted with divers colours ' ! Prob-
ably the claddah cloak, now worn by many women,
• Prose translation of The Tain— see 0 'Curry, M miners and
Customs, vol. iii. p. 95.
2 See O'Curry, Manners and Customs, vol. iii. p. 96.
26 DONAGHMOflE
resembles in some respects that of the olden time,
and it is to be hoped won't be soon proscribed
by ' Dame Fashion.'
Early attempts were made to anglicise the Irish
dress, but failed — particularly during the reign of
King John.
Costume. Edward IV. rendered it lawful to seize
' any native having no faithful men of
good name, clad in English apparel, in his company,
and to kill him and cut off his head, the cutter-
off of each head being entitled to levy off every
man in the barony wdio tilled one plow-land, two
pence : and off every cottier, having a house and moat,
one penny.' i
A sumptuary law of Henry VIII. enacted that ' no
person shall wear . . . any manner of clothing, mantle,
coat, or hood, after the Irish fashion, but in all things
shall conform to the habits and manners of the civil
people within the English pale.' ~ The same monarch
proscribed the colour saffron thus : ' Ne persone,
or persones, the King's subjects, shall weare any shirte,
kercher, bandelle, or markete, coloured or dyed with
saffron.'
We should have thought this proscription quite
unnecessary, if the fvillowmg statement (quoted by
Knox) of an Irish tourist be true, who visited the
country about the close of the fifteenth century :
' The Irish doe weare linen shirtes of great length for
' See Knox, History of Down, p. 33.
■ Note, an Eiijjlish sumamo must nlso be taken, the main
poliey of the Aci being to detach the Irish from their sept — whose
name thej* bore.
' DONAGHMOKE OF MOY COVA ' 27
wantonnesse and braverj^e, with white hanging
sleeves plaited : thirty yards are little enough for one of
them. They have now left off they're saffron, and learned
to washe their shirtes four or five times in the year ! ' ^
Notwithstanding, however, the various enactments
and proscriptions, including those of James I., against
Irish dress, it continued to be worn, and its general
disuse in the reigns of James IL, William III. and
Anne may probably be attributed to the fashion of the
times rather than to legal prohibition.
We fail to see any valid reason for the proscription
of the Irish dress. • The Irish should have been per-
mitted to wear their native costume, if they chose, were
it only for the sake of sentiment, which has its uses,
and especially in regard to dress, which in this case
was considered a distinguishing mark of nationality.
It may be interesting to note that, notwithstandmg
all their passionate love of colour, yet ' as a matter of
Anc'ent ^^^^' *^® ancient Irish had no national
Irish— no colour ' — SO WO are informed by Dr. Joyce,
National and there is no higher authority. A large
° °"^' proportion of our countrymen have adopted
green as a national colour, but Joyce regards its
adoption as a very modern innovation.^
Sir Bernard Burke agrees that the ancient Irish
had no national colour. He states : ' The various
septs were ranged under the banners of
Present Irish their respective chiefs, and when one of
Colour.^ those chiefs was elected King, his colour
may be considered for the national ensign : '
but ' since the introduction of English rule, the national
1 History of Down, p. GO. ^ Social History, vol. ii. p. 192.
28 DONAGHMORE
colour, established by and derived from the National
Arms, has been invariably, blue.' ^
The colours most in vogue at present in Donagh-
more Parish are ' orange and green,' but these are
mere ' party ' badges. If the Battle of Boyne had any
decisive effect as regards the adoption of party colours,
they should certainly be ' green ' and ' white,' as we
know (Macaulay) the army of King William wore
sprigs of green in their cap, while that of King James
wore strips of white paper.
The writer finds a popular local impression to the
effect that the Moycovians, who lived here and else-
where in the territory, even in the early
Civilisation centuries of the Christian era, were half
of tho ^ . ..
Ancient Irish. s^^'^g^s, as were Irishmen generally at
the period ; but this is far from the truth,
and is indeed little short of a libel. For the age, and
as compared with other peoples, the Irish possessed
a high degree of civilisation, and were the means of
Christianising and civilismg others, who now- affect to
despise them as an inferior race in this as well as in
other respects. The Irish Church, in those days of
her splendour, was the brightest light in Christen-
dom, and Irehind, under her teaching and influence,
was justly called, comparatively speaking, ' the Island
of Saints.' Of course they fought and were cruel in
the ' bloody strife,' but they were no worse than other
Christian nations in this respect — m an age when even
bishops buckled on then armour and led the armed
host. Notwithstanding, however, the Irish were, par
' Vici.i.iiludc.f of Families, note, vol. i. j). 120.
' DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 29
excellence, devoted to their religion, and very
punctilious in regard to its observances.
It is to be feared that our modern ' week-end '
Sabbath- breakers, and others of their ilk, would con-
sider the following rule of St. Conall, in
^'^^.^^ ,, the sixth century, as regards the observ-
St. Conall. T 1 » -TV 4.1
ance of the Lord s Day, rather severe :
' No out or indoor labour, not even sweeping or
cleaning up the house ; no combing ; no shaving ;
no clipping the haii* or beard ; no washing the
face or hands ; no cutting ; no sewing ; no churn-
ing ; no riding on horseback ; no fishing ; no sailing
or rowing ; no journeying of travellers, but wher-
ever a man happened to be on a Saturday night,
there was he to remain till Monday morning.' We
would (for modern times) add : ' No tennis ; no
croquet ; no golf ; and no motoring, except to
church ! '
The Irish in those times, we are told, were an in-
telligent and enlightened people, and loved learning,
while good schools abounded all over
The Ancient ^j^q country. One school alone (Clonard)
Educ!t'ion. is said to have contained 3,000 pupils.
In the sixth, seventh, and eighth cen-
turies Irish schools were famous throughout Europe.
The English nobihty and gentry sent their sons to be
educated in Ireland, while many Continental countries
were also well represented in this respect.
It seems, too, that the Iiish were a gay, light-
hearted race in those days, and much given to amuse-
ment— a bright contrast, in this respect at least, to
the Irish of to-day.
80 DONAGHMORE
We suppose an ancient Irish fair will afford
us the best instance of the popular amusements of
• ^. the time. We have no record of a fair
Irish Amuse- or aetiach ha^ mg been held at or near
mcnta— Donaghmore in times far away ; but the
'""^"' inhabitants of the place must have shared
in the festivities of such, for all the people of a
tuaili, and even of a province, received their periodic
summons to attend. A fair in those times must have
been a merry and picturesque assembly — far different
from our modern conception of such. These fairs were
attended by many thousands of people, who, for the
time being, gave themselves up to unrestrained mirth,
enjoyment, and amusement of various kinds—' athletic
games and exercises, racing, music, recitations by
skilled poets and story-tellers, jugglers' and showmen's
representations, eating and druiking, marrying and
giving in marriage.' . . . ' The people were dressed in
their best, and in great variety, for all, both men and
women, loved bright colours, and from head to foot
every individual wore articles of varied hue. Here
you saw a tall gentleman walking along with a scarlet
cloak flowing loosel}^ over a short jacket of purple,
with perhaps a blue trousers, while the next showed
a colour arrangement whollj different, and the women
vied with men in variety of hues.' ^
The Irish of to-day are fond of dancing ; yet it
seems, in ancient times, they never indulged in that
. form of amusement, either at fairs or else-
where. Authorities inform us that in the
Irish language there are no ancient words for dancing
' Joyce. Social History, vcl. i. p 30.
' DONAGHMOEE OF MOY COVA ' 81
as we understand it, nor is it once mentioned in any
of the old manuscript books. We suppose there is no
higher authority than O'Curry, who writes : ' As far
as I have ever read there is no reference that can be
identified as containing a clear allusion to dancing in
any of our really ancient (Irish) MS. books.' i
Irish fairs were governed by stringent rules — one
being the prohibition of all fighting or quarrelling of
any kind — a very necessary provision, we
Laws of should think ! There was a sacred ' truce
Jbaus. . 1 • 1
of peace ' for the tnne bemg, and woe betide
the man who raised his blackthorn or other weapon,
even by way of threat or provocation. The penalty
was probably death — at least such was the punish-
ment for a breach of this law at the great triennial
fair of Carman (Wexford) :
' Whoever transgresses the law of the assembly,
Wliich Benen with accuracy indelibly wrote,
Cannot be spared upon family composition,
But he must die for Ms transgression.^ ^
It is to be feared that Irish fairs have degenerated,
in that there is no longer a ' truce of peace,' and that
jyj^^^ the shillelagh may be freely used with
Fairs and impunity.
' the Shil- We are told that one of the ancient
^ "^^ ' Irish weapons of warfare was ' a great
club of black thorn, with a band of iron,'
and that ' each of the thrice fifty attendants
of hospitaller Da Derga ' carried this formidable
' Manners and Custom.'^, vol. ii. p. 406.
- From the poem on Carman, verse 56.
82 DONAGHMORE
weapon. Dr. Joyce, in a note on the statement, tells
us that more than eighteen centuries later, that is to
say, towards the middle of the last century, he often
saw the men of the rival factions- — the ' Three-year-
old,' and 'Four-year-old ' — fighting at the ' big fair of
Kildorrery,' eo. Cork, with precisely the same kind
of weapons — heavy sticks — blackthorn, oak, or ash,
with iron or lead ferrules on the end.i
Most people have heard of Donnybrook Fair,
originally established by King John, so notorious for
its riotous proceedings. This famous
Fair— ^^'^ ^'^^ ^^^ ^^^^ annually at the end of August
transferred for upwards of six centuries, the last
to the taking place in 1855. We have no modern
Commons. ^^^^^ Donnybrook— though it seems the
old scenes have been revived elsewhere —
even at Westminster (' Tell it not in Gath ! '), wdiere,
on certain occasions in the year of oui- Lord 1911,
Harry Furniss tells us, the riotous proceedings were
' typical of the old (Donnybrook) Fair, where fathers,
sons, brothers, and cousins mixed up, (and) fouglit for
the " divil of it " in the " Here-is-a-head-let-us-crack-
it " style of " rale enjoyment." ' -
It may be noted that the Irish fair or aenach had
its origin in pagan times, and was primarily instituted
for the purpose of celebrating the funeral
t^cTish ^^'^^ °^ kings, nobles, and other persons
Fair. o^ distinction. The fairs were always
held around the ancient pagan cemeteries
— generally forts — the burial place of such person-
' Social History, vol. i. p. 106.
' Articles on Parliament.
' DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 38
ages, where the members of the assembly chanted
the guha, or mournful chorus, and, after the funeral,
joined in the * funeral games ' — which were generally-
repeated at certain intervals, say on the anniversary
of the funeral or triennially.
Subsequently, the Irish fair developed into an
assembly of a more social and festive character — while
the sale and purchase of various kinds of commodities
formed an important function of the aenach. Besides,
the fairs became a kind of parliament for the pro-
mulgation and rehearsal of laws, and the transaction of
divers kinds of business affecting the community at
large.
The old Irish aenach has long since departed ; but,
doubtless, in many parts of Ireland the festive idea
still lingers.
About the middle of the eighteenth century we find
the Donaghmore fairs always ' finished up ' with ' the
usual diversions.'
The modern inhabitants of Donaghmore, it is to be
feared, would not be impressed with the physical
aspect of the locality in ancient times
Physical ^g compared with the present. Then, the
Moy^Cova. larger proportion of the district which
now constitutes the parish was composed
of morasses and forests.
Moy Cova must have been a fine field for sport in
those old times — if it resembled the rest of Ireland.
' The (Irish) woods and waste places were ahve with
birds and wild animals of all kinds,' and ' the rivers
and lakes teemed with fish.'
All the lands, here and elsewhere, in ancient times
31 DONAGHMOKE
whether for cultivation or pasturage, were for the
most part fenceless, and hence there were no fields as
we understand them. It was not till about the seventh
century that fences for the first time became general,
owing, it seems, to the people having become so numer-
ous. The little land under cultivation was farmed
in a very primitive fashion- — corn of various kinds
being the chief crop' — while the pasturage was mainly
used for cowS' — one of the ' chief articles ' of wealth in
those dayS' — the Irish pig coming next in that respect.
The houses were mostly of wood — the families of
superior rank living at the forts- — the 'palaces'- —
which were generally of a circular form, and
HovTes*^ situated on hills and other places of difiicult
access, while their retainers occupied de-
tached structures apart, but within the rath or lis
enclosures. The lower orders of the people generally,
especially during the summer, while attending their
flocks and herds, dwelt in the hut or caban, outside
the rath enclosures, which consisted of a few
branches of trees stuck into the ground, in a cir-
cular or oblong fashion, tied at the top with withes,
and covered with leaves and grass. Their winter
dwellings were more endurable and comfortable, but
for ages there were no windows or chimneys ! '
Tne Danes, and other invaders of Ireland, did
little to improve Irish architecture— especially in
regard to the habitations of the people. Indeed, it
was not till the seventeenth century that comfortable,
substantial houses of habitation and elegant country
seats became general in Ireland' — and, even then, such
were * few and far between.'
' Sec Homologia Hibernica, vol. ii. p. 4.
' DONAGHMORE OF MOY COVA ' 35
In 1635 an Englishman — Sir William Brereton —
made an extensive tour of Ireland, and, on his journey
Impressions ^^^^^ Dromore to Newry, must have
of an Eng- passed through this parish, if his route
lish Tourist, were at all direct. His impressions of
the material condition of the district are
far from flattering' — to say nothing in regard to his
opinion of the ' villain ' who led him out of the way.
He writes in his MS. Journal : ' July 7th (1635) wee
left Dromoare and went to the Newrie, which is sixteen
miles ; this is a most difficult way for a stranger to
find out ; herein wee wandered, and being lost fell
among the Irish townes. The Irish houses are the
poorest cabins I have seen ; erected in the middle of
the fields and grounds which they farm and rent. This
is a wild countrie, nott inhabited, planted, nor inclosed,
2jett itt would hee come if it was husbanded. I gave
an Irishman to bring us into the way a groate, who led
us Hke a villain directly out of the way, and soe left us ;
soe as by this deviation it was 3 houre before we came
to the Newrie: ^ dHi383J.2
This ' Enghsh gentleman,' as tM Eev. John
Dubourdieu calls him, had doubtless his prejudices and
viewed Ireland through coloured glasses— a habit too
common on the part of some Englishmen, especially
of the tourist class, or those who study us through the
medium of the illustrated postcard of caricature- —
many of whom imagine that we actually feed and
harbour our pigs in the drawing-room !
Making all due allowances, however, for SirWilHam's
prejudices, it is to be feared that his impressions
> Quoted by the Rev. John Dubourdieu, Statistical Survey of
Doum, pp. 309-10.
36 DONAGHMORE
were not wholly baseless. But we have progressed
since then, and the Ireland generally of to-day (and
Ulster in particular) is far different from that of ancient
or even more modern times.
The remains of the best ancient dwellings — the
silent, deserted and dismantled forts — now look down
in their utter desertion and loneHness
Present qj-^ ^-^g YiYOud mansions — the lordly habita-
Aspect. tions of the great noble or wealthy com-
moner, scattered throughout the land ;
while the caban, once the wretched abode of the poor
' sons of toil,' has disappeared, and given place to the
neat cottage with its flower-garden, or, it may be, the
' government house,' built on the best and sunniest
site, where the tenant is ' safe and secure '■ — so long as
he fulfils the conditions of his tenure. Where anciently
great forests, morasses, and quagmires abounded,
are now for the most part to be seen well-cultivated
farms, smihng industry, and all the signs and tokens of
prosperity and Christian civihsation.
Should any ' Enghsh gentleman ' of unbiassed
mind at present make the same trip as that of Brereton,
Modem ^^ ^'^^^ ^"^ ^'^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ traverses our
Donaghmoro great main road, the well-known ' green
—Material fields ' of Donaghmore, its fertile soil, its
highly cultivated farms, its rich and
prosperous farmers, its fine mansion (Dromantine),
and other commodious structures, while at the same
time we can positively assure him that no local ' villain '
v,i\\ bo found so base as to divert his footsteps out of
the wnv !
CHAPTEE II
DONAGHMORE PARISH
It is impossible to specify any precise date when the
territory of Moy Cova was divided into well-defined
E 1 tion parishes, because the parochial system was
of the a matter of evolution. It was conceived
Parochial ^y Theodore of Tarsus, who was Archbishop
System. ^j Canterbury in the seventh century, but
the evolution was not complete till long afterwards.
According to Bishop Eeeves (' lownland Distribu-
tion ') our parochial distribution (of land) is entirely
borrowed from the Church, under which it was matured,
probably about the middle of the twelfth century, and
hence we may conclude that about that time
Donaghmore became a regularly defined parish.
In regard to the several townlands which comprise
the parish of Donaghmore, it may also be remarked,
that no precise time can be mentioned when
Distribution ^^^^^ ^'®^® formed and named. Tnat excel-
lent authority — Dr. Joyce (letter to writer)
— informs us : ' I do not think there was any precise
time when townlands (and parishes) were formed and
named. I think the whole structure grew up imper-
ceptibly, beginning in the most ancient times. Tlie
88 DONAGHMORE
townland names came first' — each applied to some
small feature or structure or spot, and very gradually
boundaries were formed round each' — the parish in
almost all cases taking name from the townland in
which the old church of the patron saint was
situated. . . . The boundaries of both townlands
and parishes were finally fixed at the time of the
Ordnance Survey, 70 or 80 years ago.'
Bishop Reeves (' Townland Distribution ') considers
the townlands, which he calls the infijna species in the
civil distribution of land, under the province, as, in
part, the earliest allotment in the scale, and identifies
them as that which best represents the ancient Seisreach
(derived from Seisrear, ' six,' and each, ' horse,'' —
denoting the extent of ground a six-horse plough would
turn up in a year).
There seems an extraordinary discrepancy between
the contents of a townland now and formerly. Dr.
Reeves accounts for the difference by the
iwniands^ ^'^^^' *^^^ ^^® ®^^®^^ ^^ *^^® ^^^ Shes-ragh
now and or plowland was ascertained by estimation
formerly— and uot by measurement ; and he instances,
and Reas'^n ^^^^^8 others, the case of the townland of
' 1 he Cross ' (parish of Ballyclug, co.
Antrim), which in 1640 was estimated as containing
120 acres, but now, as the result of actual survey,
comprises 1,529 acres.
In regard to the townlands of Donaghmore, we
notice a like discrepancy. For example, the townland
of Dro.neuteane (Dromantine) is cited (' Inquisitions ')
in IG^l as containing ' 3 messuages and 100 acres,'
but now by survey comprises upwards of 507 acres.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 39
Dr. Sullivan informs us that among the ancient Irish,
and all early nations, land was admeasured more by
quality than by area, and that consequently a division
of land in a poor country was larger in extent than in a
rich one.i Hence, it would seem that the smaller the
townland, the richer the soil. Accordingly, the town-
land of Mill Tenement (parish of Ardclinis, county
Antrim), which is said to be the smallest in Ireland,
containing 1a. 1r. 1p., must be a rich and fertile spot,
as compared with that of Sheskin (co. Mayo), which
comprises 7,012 acres. Dr. Reeves (an undoubted
authority), however, considers that the acreable
average of townlands in the various counties was not
regulated by the general productiveness of the land' —
but ' must have had its origin in the civil peculiarities
of the district, while in the possession of the ancient
inhabitants.'
Donaghmore is rich in ancient place-names — a heri-
tage for which we cannot be too grateful. Indeed the
same may be said of Ireland generally,
ace- ^ames jj^^ the Romans conquered Ireland, and
had the Normans not adopted our manners
and customs by becoming even ' more Irish than
the Irish themselves '■ — our place-names might have
been far different. True, certain corrupting influ-
ences have been at work, such as the Ordnance
Survey, the Post Office, the Railway, and the National
Board ; but these have in no way materially affected
us here. All our place-names (excepting ' Glebe '
townland), including that of the parish, have been
handed down to us from ancient times. Such names,
' See Introduction to O'Curiy, Manners and Customs, p. xcviii.
40 DONAGHMORE
both here and elsewhere, are an interesting study,
especially when we consider their origin. It is said
there is scarcely a member of the human frame that
did not supply a place-name ; while a similar remark
applies to strongholds, churches, rivers, and divisions of
lands. Besides, physical features, local and historical
incidents, etc., all helped to swell the list.
The parish of Donaghmore contains an area of
8,396 acres, and comprises the following twenty-six
townlands, the names of which are given
Nam^s— ^^d ^l^^i^' boundaries set out on the Ord-
Irish Deriva- nance Survey map. These names, with
tion and qj^q exception, are all derived from words
"of the Irish language, and were taken down
from the pronunciation of the inhabitants, at the time
the Ordnance Survey was being made, by Dr. John
0' Donovan, the well-known Irish scholar, who was
specially employed to collect and record the names,
and he is the authority for their present form. Even
so long ago as the beginning of the last century Irish
was almost a dead language in the district, and no doubt
many of the names had become altered and corrupted,
so that in this generation the discovery of their
meanings or translation into English is no easy
task. However, happily there are only a few such
among the place-names of Donaghmore. O'Donovan's
spelling has been carefully followed, and wherever
there is a spelling or name different from that of the
Ordnance Survey maps, it is given in brackets. For the
convenience of reference the names are arranged alpha-
betically. Following each name is given the spelhng
and the meaning of the Irish words of which it is a
compound, so far as it can be represented in Enghsh.
DONAGHMOKE PAEISH 41
As our authorities seem to differ slightly regarding the
spelHng of the Irish words, both forms are given' —
one being in brackets. The numerals following the
names of sixteen townlands give the number of raths
or lisses (i.e. towns or villages in each) that appear in
the latest edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.
Annaghbane : Eanach-ban (eanach ban), ' The
white marsh '■ — descriptive of the grasses that grew
on it. 1.
Ardkeeragh : Ard-caora (ard caoragh), ' The
sheep's height, or the hill of the sheep.'
Augliintober : Achad-na-tober (achadh an to-
bair), ' The field of the well.' This townland had
formerly a celebrated spa well, one of the Holy Wells
so common throughout Ireland. This in all proba-
biUty was the well used by St. Mac Ere, it being in
close proximity to the church. [Tullivarry : tulach
MHAiRE, ' The hill of Mary,' not the Blessed Virgin,
but an ordinary Mary.] 1.
Aughnacavan : Achadh-na-cabhan (achadh a
cabhain), ' The field of the hollow or valley.' [Agha-
caven.]
Ballyblaugh : Baile-blathach (baile blathach),
* The town of flov/ers.' It is likely that at some period
the residents in this town or village grew a posy or
two beside their abode. [Ballybleaghe.] 1.
Ballylough : Baile-an-loch (baile an locha),
' The town of the lough or lake.' 1.
Ballymacaratty-Beg : Baile-mac-ionnreachtaich-beg
(baile mac ionnreachtaigh beag), ' The small town
of Mac Ionnreachtaigh.' lonnreachtach is an old Irish
word which was a patronymic under the forms Mac
Ionnreachtaigh and O'llionnreachtaig, the names of
42 DONAGHIVIOEE
families who resided in co. Armagh, where they are
now modernised into Enright and Hanrattj. This
and the following townland were, up till at least
the year 1618, one district, which was subsequently
divided into heg ' the smaller,' and more ' the larger.'
It is a curious fact that 'heg' ' the smaller town ' is
at present of greater dimensions than ' mor ' ' the
larger town ' ! ^ 4.
Ballymacaratty-More : Baile-mac-ionnreachtaigh-
mor (baille mac ionnreachtaigh mor), ' The large
town of Mac lonnreachtaig. [Bally M'Enratty.] 3.
Buskhill : Baile-na-bascaille (baile na bascaille),
' The town of the hind or deer.' [Balhnebaskilly,
Bosky 11 and Vaskyll.]
Cargabane : Cairgeach-ban (cairgeach ban), ' The
white rocky place ' or ' The white rocks.'
Carrickovaddy or Carrickrovaddy : Carraic-ruadh-
mhadaidh (carraic ruadh mhadaidh), ' The rock of
the red dog,' i.e. the fox. 1.
Corgary : Cor-garbh (corgarbh), ' The rough
round hill.'
Derrycraw : Doiro-creach (doire creach), ' The
oak-wood of the herds or plunder.' [Balledericraghe.]
Drumantine : Druim-an-tsidheain (druim an
tsidheain), ' The ridge of the fairies, or of the
foxgloves.' [Balledromentighean.] 4.
Drummiller : Druim-iolar (druim iolar), ' The
eagle's ridge.' The name is hkely in memory of an
eagle from the Mourne Mountains having paid a visit
to a sheep run. 3.
' Tho explanation is that the townland of Carrickdrummond
(Parish of Aghadoff,') was formerly portion of Bully macarattymore.
DONAGHMOKE PARISH 43
Glebe. This, of course, is a modern name. The
old name of this townland is Tullynacross : Talach-na-
croch (tulach na cros), ' The hill of the Cross,' from
the ancient Celtic Cross standing in the churchyard.
Killysavin : Coill-samhain (coillidh samhan),
' Hollantide-bushes or wood.' The first of November
was called ' Savin,' i.e. the end of summer, when the
pagan Irish celebrated their harvest-home. Tuathal,
who was King of Ireland in the first century, instituted
the festival of Samhuin at Tlachtga, now the hih of
Ward near Athboy, in Meath, where fires were lighted,
and games and sports indulged in for six days, whilst
at the same time minor festivities were observed
throughout the country. Of these bygone pastimes
the name Killysavin is a perpetual memorial. [Kil-
lassonne.] 1.
Knockanarney : Cnock-na-airne (cnoc na n-airne),
' The hill of the sloes.' 2.
Lurganare : Lurgan-air (lurgan air), ' The long
low hill of slaughter.' An old subdivision of Lur-
ganare was Knockrower (cnoc ramhair), ' The
thick hill.'
Moneymore : Mume-mor (muine mor), ' The big
shrubbery.' 2.
Muddydrumbrist : Muine-drom-riasg (muine droma
riasca), ' The shrubbery of the moory ridge.' This is
an instance of the first syllable being corrupted in the
course of transmission. [Munny-drum-brisk.J 1.
Eingbane : Ein-ban (rinn ban), ' The white
point.' 1.
Eingclare : Ein-clar (rinn glair), ' The level
point,' or ' The point of the plain.' [Balleeisharboy :
44 DONAGHMOEE
BAiLE EASA BUiDHE, ' The town of the yellow water-
fall.' Also As3aboy.] 1.
Eingolish : Eiii-na-lis (rinn a' lis), ' The pomt
of the fort.' 3.
Tullymore : Tulac-mor (tulach mor), ' The big
hill.' [Ballereigner : baile ui tiireanmhoir, —
' O'Treanor's Town.' Trainer or Treanor is still a
family name in this parish.] 2.
Tullymurry : Tulac-mhuire (tulach mhuire),
* The hill of Mary.' This townland is close to the
church, and probably within its bounds a chapel or
place of devotion was dedicated to the blessed Virgin
Mary. [Ballytollywryry.]
The parish of Donaghmore is situated in the
south-west end of the county of Down and barony of
Upper Iveagh. It is bounded on the north
and Physical ^^^ nortli-east by the parish of Aghaderg,
Features of east and south by that of Newry, and on the
Donagh- y^^^^ ^^y ^^q county of Armagh. Its extreme
length from north to south is about six
miles, and mean length upwards of four miles. Its
extreme breadth from east to west is four miles, and
its mean breadth about two and one-half miles.
The eastern portion of the parish becomes extremely
narrow where, on the north, the townland of Lisnatier-
ney (Parish of Aghaderg) projects mto it ; while on the
south and south-east the townlands of Lissorboy,
Loughorne, Curley, and Ouley (parish of Newry) com-
pletely cut off what would naturally form a portion of
the parish of Donaghmore, and hence the small
dimensions of it^ mean breadth. It is more than
DONAGHMORE PARISH 45
probable that these several townlands were comprised
in the Donaghmore group previous to the actual com-
pletion of the parochial system. Lisnatiemey was a
portion of one of the ancient manors of Donaghmore
parish — viz. that in ' the precinct of Clanagan,' ^ while
in King Maurice MacLaughlin's Charter to Newry, about
the year 1158, amongst the twenty denominations of
land recited, those of Lisserboy, Loughorne, Curley, and
Ouley do not occur. These four townlands must have
been added to the parish of Newry at a subsequent
period, when considerable additions were made to the
original grant, and probably the ' twenty denominations '
subdivided — for in an Inquisition of 1547 the posses-
sions of the Newry Abbey are described as consisting
of forty-seven carracates — the actual number of town-
lands now in the parish and barony of Newry. 2
The physical features of the parish of Donaghmore
differ little from those generally attributed to the
county of Down, which are supposed to be peculiar in
one respect at least, in that its ' plains are not plains,
its slopes are not slopes, and its undulations are not
undulations,' in the ordinary sense. It (Down) con-
sists in general of a series of hillocks, which have been
quaintly compared to wooden bowls inverted, or
eggs set in salt.3 While this description is generally
applicable to Donaghmore — especially to the eastern
portion of the parish, it may be added that the hills or
hillocks vary much in height, and many of them
' This statement ia only given for what it is worth, as a
portion of a manor was often in a separate parish.
- See Reeves, Toumland Distribution, and Antiquities, p. 117.
^ Ulster Journal of Archaeology, vol. i. Old Series.
46 DONAGHMOEE
are considerably above sea-level. The ' Five Mile '
(being that distance from Newry) and ' Barr ' hills
are, respectively, 385 and 357 feet above sea-level.
A hill in Cargabane townland and a point in that of
Eingclare are each about 365 feet above the sea.
The parish is closely intersected with roads and by-
lanes. The main road from Dublin to Belfast enters
the parish at Sheepbridge — about three miles from
Newry, running north the same distance, where it
enters the parish of Aghaderg. A portion of the old
' coach road ' to Dublin remains — close to the parish
church — and is still used for local traffic.
Schist is the only rock in the parish, except in
the extreme southern portion, where it is found in
conjunction with granite.
According to an Ordnance Survey MS. — 1834 — in
the Koyal Irish Academy,^ the parish at that date con-
tained 223 acres of bog, all in small detached pieces —
none larger than the bog of Aughintubber, which was
18 acres in extent. Besides the bogs there were
70 acres of swampy ground along the Newry Canal,
flooded in winter, but used as pasture during the
summer — of which 17 acres were in Ballylough,
16 in Lurganare, 13 in Corgary, 10 in Knockinarney,
and 3 in Dromantine townlands. The woods of the
parish covered about 235 acres, mostly in Dromantine
demesne and the townland of Ballylough. There was
a very large corn mill on the Newry river in Drumiller,
two smaller ones in Ballymacrattybeg and Eingbawn,
and a flax mill in Aughnacavan townlands. Loughorne
Lake contained 51 acres, 28 of which were in the
' Slati.Hical Beip.ar/cs on Donaghmore Parish. E. 31.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 47
parish of Donaghmore — the remainder in that of
Newry.
The inhabitants of the parish at that date (1834)
numbered 4,463 persons.
According to Lewis's ' Topographical Dictionary,'
the parish in 1837 contained 110 acres of woodland,
449 of bog, 16 of waste, and 48 of water.
The bogs of the parish are now almost exhausted,
while a few of them, together with most of the swampy
lands, have been drained and converted into arable
land or pasturage. There are at present no mills in
working order in the parish — only the sad wrecks of
those which flourished in former days. The beautiful
httle Lake of Loughorne has also disappeared —
though close to its former site still stands
Loughorne House, the residence of John Martin —
the noted L-ish Eepealer.
The following table contains an interesting Census
of Donaghmore Parish — attributed to the year 1659 —
extracted from Manuscripts which are in
1659"^" the possession of the Eoyal Irish Academy.
It is taken from what has been called
' Petty 's Census,' which is supposed to contain a full
and complete record of the population of Ireland at the
time— say those over fifteen years of age (taken from
the Poll Tax returns). The figures doubtless contrast
very unfavourably, say, with those of the census
of 1821 ; but it must be remembered that in
1659 the population of Ireland was sparse, as much
land was then unfit for cultivation, and, besides, the
country had greatly suffered, owing to the rebellion of
1641 and all that followed that cruel insurrection.
48
DONAGHMORE
Census of Ireland, attributed to the year ]
659
County of Dovme :
Upper Iveagh Barrony
Parish op donoghmore
Townlands.
Number!
of
People
TITULADOES' NAMES
Eng:
&
Scotts
Irish
Berecra ....
07
John Cambbell, gent. .
02
05
ToUemor '24
02
22
Killeshanan .... 20
02
18
Ringban 10
05
05
Ringe Imulbeecc. . . 10
10
Anaghban 17
03
14
Lurgmare . . . .19
01
18
The three i to\vn.s of •,
Knockenenamey^al- 24
Ij'logh, & Corgery '
24
The i towne of Car > ^^
gaghy . . . .;
12
iBallyblegg .... 04
04
The other 3^ towns of n
Knockenenarney.Bal- - 17
02
15
lylogh, & Corgery -'
Ballyhamettybegg . . 11
11
Ballyharnetty Mor . 12
Edmond McBryan.gent.
12
jMune More i towne . . 16
16
Moneydrombrist ... 05
iAghy Cavin ^ towne . 10
05
10
iToUeny Cross. ... 04
04
|Tollenemary .... 07
03
04
Cargaghban .... 08
08
Though the census of 1861 first instituted inquiries as
to the rehgious professions of the people, yet a previous
attempt had been made in that direction by order of
the House of Lords to the Clergy of the Church of
Ireland. Accordingly a religious census of Donagh-
more was returned, March 22, 1766, ' in
obedience to the order of the House of
Lords,' by the Rev. George Vaughan,
Vicar of the parish. The famihes (whose
names are not given) are divided into ' Protestant '
and ' Popisli ' — while the good Vicar's return in regard
Religious
Census —
1766
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 49
to the number of such was doubtless a rough guess,
and therefore, as we are informed, his estimate — and
similar ones — are extremely unreliable. The return
is : ' Two hundred Protestant families : two hundred
and one Popish ditto : one Popish priest — one reputed
Popish priest. No friars.' ^
An important census is that of 1821, in which
the name of each inhabitant, age, occupation or
profession, and townland are given. The
Census— following particulars are taken from the
somewhat bulky volume containing this
census of Donaghmore, in the Public Eecord Office,
Dublin.
The enumerator was Joseph Harper, who com-
menced May 28, 1821, and continued, ' Sundays ex-
cepted,' till attestation— August 1— of the same year.
Famines . . 829]
Males . . . 2,138 [ Total, 4,473
Females . . 2,335)
Inhabited Houses . 814
Uninhabited „ . 5
The Glebe School contained 30 boys and 23 girls—
' day scholars.' Schoolmaster, Wilham Robinson.
A school in Tullymurry townland had 19 ' day
scholars.' Teacher, Thomas Marshall.
It is interesting to note the number of those
employed in connection with the Flax Industry in
the parish in 1821. In the townlands of Dromantine,
Ballyblaugh, and Corgary alone, there were 96 flax-
spinners and 43 linen weavers. In most of the other
' Parliamentary Returns, Public Record Office.
60 DONAGHMORE
townlands the proportion of those following these
occupations was equally large, while at present there
are none such in the parish.
The census of 1841 gives the population as 4,436,
which differs httle from that of 1821. During the
Census ten vears which followed, the number of the
Returns— inhabitants decreased by one thousand;
1841-1911. fQj^. ^rg ^jj(j ^Yie census of 1851 gives the
population as only 3,434.
Tho population in 1861 (census) was as follows :
males, 1,424 ; females, 1,418 ; making a total of 2,842,
and showing a further marked decrease in the number
of the inhabitants.
The census of 1871, and those that follow, give the
population of the Electoral Districts into which the
parish is divided, viz. Donaghmore and Glen :
1871 Donaghmore 1,386
Glen . .1,165 Total, 2,551.
1881 Donaghmore 1,130
Glen . . 1,032 Total, 2,162.
1891 Donaghmore 881— Males, 449 ; females, 432.
Glen . . 823— „ 412; „ 411.
Total population, 1,704.
Census, 1901
Donaghmore :
Populatmi. — Persons, 648 : ^lales, 335 ; Females,
313. Houses (total), 211 : inhabited, 177 ; uninhabited,
34. Out-offices and farmsteadings, 821.
Valuation. — Houses and Land, £5,235 3s. Od.
Area, 4,337 acres 1 rood 10 perches.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH
51
Glen:
Population. — Persons, 737 : Males, 384 ; Females,
353. Houses (total), 193 : inhabited, 166 ; unin-
habited, 27. Out-offices and farmsteadings, 867.
Valuation. — Houses and Land, £5,229 5s. Od.
Area, 4,051 acres 1 rood 3 perches.
Total population of the parish (Donaghniore and
Glen).— Persons, 1,385 : Males, 719 ; Females, 666.
Beligious Professions :
Eoman Cathohcs.— Total, 704 : Males, 364 ;
Females, 340.
Presbyterians.— Total, 486 : ^lales, 263 ; Females,
223.
Irish Church members.— Total, 163 : Males, 78 ;
Females, 85.
Methodists.— 16.
All other denominations.' — 16.
Census, 1911
Parish of Donaghniore
Persons. Males. Females.
1,411
742
669
Glen
Koman Catholics .
. 770
408
362
Presbyterians
. 472
252
220
Church of Ireland
. 141
66
75
Methodists .
5
3
2
All other denominations 23
13
10
aghmore Electoral
Divi-
Inhabited
Houses.
Uiiiiibabited
Houses.
sion
,
163
25
I .
159
22
62 DONAGHMORE
Out-offices and farmsteadings.^Donaghmoie, 962 ;
Glen, 1,135.
Education.^lDoivAghmore : 678 persons, of whom
514 could read and write, 21 could read only. Illi-
terates (of 9 years and over), 45. Balance of popula-
tion under 9, 98.
Glen : 733 persons ; read and write, 567 ; read
only, 30. Illiterates (of 9 years and over), 37. Balance
under 9, 99 persons.
Priviary Educatio7i. — Donaghmore : two mixed
schools. Average attendance week ending May 13,
1911, 32 males and 29 females.
Glen : two mixed schools. Average attendance
May 13, 60 males and 52 females.
Donaghmore : 3 persons could speak Irish and
Enghsh.
Glen, ditto.
The oldest person in the parish at this date (1913)
is James Walsh (ex-surveyor), who was born July 23,
1817, and hence is in the ninety-sixth year of his age ;
while the youngest' — well, we must not make rash
statements, for such are ever with us, and they are
heartily welcome !
The parish, as we have seen, is divided into the
Electoral Divisions of Donaghmore and Glen. The
present government valuation of Donagh-
Elcctorai ^^^.^ Electoral Division is £5,206, and that
ivisions. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^g 5s.— Total, £10,504 5s.,
an immense increase as compared with that (Griffith's)
in 1839, which was £6,814 lis. lOd.
DONAGHMORE PARISH 58
The representatives at the Board of Guardians for
the respective Divisions are : Donaglimore, William
Bradford (since 1884) and Falkiner B.
Poor Law g^^jj g^ j^^^^ Cranny, J.P., and
Guardians. ' , _, ^ ^
Arthur McEvoy, J. P.
Former Guardians : Donaglimore, James Har-
shaw, James Martin, John Harshaw, John Bradford
(1860), Alexander Ledlie, John Marshall, Joseph Mar-
shall, J. Gordon Young, and Samuel James Marshall ;
Glen^ James Savage (the first elected Guardian,
and father of James Savage of Glen House), Hugh
M'Court, Pat Loughlin, Edward Convery, John Reavy,
John O'Hare, Peter Kerr and Laurence M'Court.
The following magistrates for the county of Down
are resident in the parish : Richard John Anderson,
M.A., M.D., Beechhill House ; Luke Cranny,
agis ra es. j^jj^gg|,^j.g House; ArthurM'Evoy,Drumiller ;
James Rooney, Mount Mills, Drumiller. Li former
times there was generally but one magistrate in the
parish, a member of the Lines family.
Dr. Anderson is the second son of Robert (son of
John Anderson of Garnagat, co. Tyrone) and Elizabeth
Harcourt (granddaughter of John Harcourt
Professor ^^ ^j^-^ ^^^^i^^ g^ li^d a brilliant Univer-
Anderson. . , .
sity career — ha^^mg won several scholar-
ships, exhibitions, and two gold medals at graduation.
He held a medical and sanitary appointment, 1873-5 ;
Demonstrator of (and Lecturer on) Anatomy,
1875-83 ; Clinical Lecturer and Attendant, County
Galway Infirmary, 1890-1 ; Professor of Natural
Science, including Comparative Anatomy, 1883 ;
an Hon. President, Section of Anatomy, XV.
64 DONAGHMORE
Congres International De Medicine, Lisbon, 1906 ;
Examiner in Botany (Intermediate Board), 1889-
1900 ; Poor Law Guardian (ex-officio), 1892-9. Dr.
Anderson still holds the Professorship of Natural
History and Mineralogy in the University College,
Galway, and is, besides, Examiner in the National
University. Publications : over 200 papers in British
and Coabmental Journals and Comptes Eendus of Inter-
national Congresses, and, besides, many booklets and
pamphlets ; joint conductor of the ' International
Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ' (London, Leipzig,
and Paris) since 1884 ; and an original collaborateur
of the Ajiat. Anzeig, 1887. Inventor of a revolving
microscopic apparatus, etc. Professor Anderson
married Hannah Perry, B.A., of Belfast in 1889.
Mrs. Anderson is a member of a distinguished family
— one of whom (her brother) is John Perry, M.E.,
D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Mathematics in the
Royal College of Science, South Kensington. Professor
Perry was President of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers, President of the Physical Society of
London, General Treasurer of the British Association,
and Member of the Council of the Royal Society. He
is a well-known author on scientific subjects. Among
his numerous publications are treatises on the ' Steam
Engine ' (1874) ; ' Practical Mechanics ' (1883) ; ' Spin-
ning Top ' (1890) ; ' Hydraulics ' (Cantor Lectures,
1882) ; ' England's Neglect of Science ' (1901), etc.
The parish of Donaghmore had formerly two
Tho Manors, •^^^^"ors— viz. the Manor of Donaghmore
and that within ' the precinct called
Clanagan.*
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 55
The Manor of Donaghmore originally embraced
twelve townlands and the rectory — the lord of the
manor and the patron of the living being
of^DolTh- *^® ^^'^^ Archbishop of Armagh for the
more.^ ^ ^i™6 being. In the Ulster Visitation of 1622
this property is described as the 'Manor
of Donaghmore contayning twelve townes and one
Rectorie.' Subsequently three of these ' townes '
were sold or alienated — after which the manor
consisted of nine townlands (and the rectory),
comprising about 2,005 acres.
This property has been connected with the See of
Armagh from the earhest times, and is reckoned as one
of its first endowments. The Primates, however, seem
to have made surrenders of this (and other properties)
at different times, under some arrangement
Surrenders ^ which they were to receive re-grants
and Re- "^ i /-, m-i •
Grants. irom the Crown. This procedure may
have been considered necessary on the sup-
position that monastic lands had become vested in the
Crown through confiscation or otherwise, in con-
sequence of the suppression of the monasteries. For
example, the Primate surrendered all his advowsons to
the Crown on December 1, 1612, and all his estates
in 1614 (Patent Eolls— Erk's Eccl. Reports, p. 500).
There was, however, a previous surrender of the
Donaghmore estate at least ; for we find from the Royal
and Parliamentary Grants of Land and Tythes in the
Chancery Rolls (p. 197), under date of 9 James I.
31 May (1612) : ' Grants from the King to Henry
Usher, Archbishop of Armagh and his successors —
Down County — In Evagh otherwise Magennisses'
56 DONAGHMOEE
Country,' viz. ' The Manor or precinct of Donagbmore
and the towns, hamlets and lands of Balleeisharboy
(Eingclare), Ballaghecavan (Aughnacavan), Bally tully-
Imrie (Tullymurry), Balleenecarraghebane (Cargabane),
Balleeneragbnabane (Eingbane), Ballyardkeeragb
(Ardkeeragh), Balleeneranagh (Eingolish), Balleen-
Illanbane (Annaghbane), Ballineba skilly (Buskhill) — To
hold to him and his successors for ever in pure and
perpetual alms. These lands, with those of Bally-
munnymore (Moneymore), Ballj'tullyvar (Aughen-
tubber), and Ballymanydroomvarish (Maddydrum-
brist), are also created the Manor of Donagbmore —
with a Court baron.'
In * the schedule of names of such persons as are
thought fit to be freeholders in the County of Iveagh '
(Patent Eolls, 1 James L, p. 394) we find that Patrick
McConnor or McKearney (or ' O'Kearney, gent.,
Armagh Co.') is to have to himself, his heirs and
assigns, ' the last three townes ' in the above list —
' To hold of the See of Armagh as of the said Manor,
by fealty and suit of Court, and a rent of £G (Irish) with
a grant of the said rent, and a power of distress to
the Archbishop of Armagh : for ever in pure alms,
31 May, 9th.'
Following the surrenders of 1G12 and 1614 by
Archbishop Hampton, a re-grant was made by the
Crown, 12 James I., 25 February (1614), and confirmed
by 18 James I., 3 July (1621). i Thus: 'Grants to
Christopher, Lord Archbishop of Armagh, ijitcr alia,
Down Co. The Manor or Lordship of Donagbmore,'
etc, (here the several townlands are recited) ' with all
' Patent Bolls, pp. 477, 479,
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 57
the rents, services, and customs reserved out of the
three last denominations (" Monamore, Tullysoare,
and Monidrombristee ") : and the Eectory of Donagh-
more. Also power to create tenures, etc., to hold
Courts leet and baron, and build gaols in the said Manor
of Donaghmore.'
We have no record of the good Primate having
exercised his right to ' build gaols ' in Donaghmore,
but had he done so, or even contemplated such an act
of extravagance, we should have thought that one
good building would have been amply sufficient at the
period for all the ' gaol birds ' in the ' twelve townes ' !
At present, of course, a few such establishments in
Donaghmore would be utterly superfluous !
The Manor House of Donaghmore was Frankfort
in the townland of Moneymore, subsequently the
The ManoB residence of Isaac Corry, and at present
House. that of Mrs. Ranton.
We are uncertain regarding the precise date the
Manor Courts of Donaghmore ceased to exist, but not
previous to 1814 — at which date we find
Manor ^j^^ q^^^^^ ^j ^j^^ j^j^^^^. ^^ Glynwood
Courts .. .-..,, . r^iVr,
abolished, exercismg judicial functions. Such Courts
being relics of feudalism were not adapted
to the new conditions of things, and besides, it was
considered that their existence was prejudicial to the
proper administration of justice in the country. Hence
they became gradually shorn of their functions, until
finally abolished (in Ireland) in 1859, by 22 Victoria,
cap. 14.
The land tenures of the Manor were somewhat
complicated, while certain items of ' rent ' were rather
58 DONAGHMORE
antiquated. The Tenant-in- Chief, who held directly
under the Primate, was known in legal phraseo-
logy as the ' Immediate Lessor,' and
Curious Yield the property by lease for a term
of twenty-one years, with a Mies quoties
covenant of renewal for ever. He was obliged,
according to the terms of his title, to let the lands to
his tenants for a term of twenty years, with a toties
quoties covenant of renewal in perpetuity. At the
renewal of the leases both parties had the privilege of
having the rent varied, either up or down, according
to the average price of corn as published in the Dublin
Gazette for the seven years preceding the date of the
proposed renewal, as compared with the average price
in the same paper for a similar period immediately
preceding the date of the expired lease. The imme-
diate lessor always gave two receipts to each of his
tenants on payment of rent, one for ' Rent ' at the rate
of about 5s. per Irish acre (his own share), and another
for ' Fines ' (the Primate's portion), amountuig to
about 45. 6d. per Irish acre, this custom continuing
down to 1859. Subsequently the Church Temporali-
ties Commissioners compelled the tenant-m-chief (Hill
Irvine) to pay a fine of £3,900, and take a lease in
perpetuity. He was also obliged to give grants in
perpetuity to his tenants on the same terms, the vari-
able clause remaining in the leases. B^y a clause in
the Land Act of 1903, introduced by T. M. Healy,
the tenants of the immediate lessor were enabled to
obtain a reduction in rent of 20s. per cent., without
any legal proceedings. One of the old leases referred
to, granted by the trustees of John Vaughan (tenant-
in-chiuf) in 1^44 to David Woods, specifies the rent
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 59
payable by the latter, including some curious items
in the shape of ' ancient and usual Duties,' viz. * The
sum of five shillings and two pence | — Irish — per
acre, together with the usual Duties, that is to say,
a rough fat mutton, or ten pence — sterling — in lieu
thereof : half a bushel of good oats, or five pence in lieu
thereof : a couple of fat hens of each smoke, or seven
pence m lieu thereof : a day's work of Man and Horse
from each Chief Tenant, or one shilling for each day
in lieu thereof at the Election of the Trustees (John
Lindsay of Tullyhenan and Henry Magill of Tully-
cairn), and the sum of nine shillings for Eent-charge
to be paid at the Feast of Ail Saints.'
Tenant-in- In 1621 Sir Edward Trevor held the
Chief, 1621. ' twelve townes ' as constituting the Manor
under the Primate.
Sir Edward Trevor, Knight, of Rostrevor, was
a Privy Councillor and M.P. for co. Down. He
married (secondly) Rose, youngest daughter
Trevor''''''^ of Henry Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh
(1595-1613), who was uncle to James
Ussher, ' one of the greatest scholars of any age,' and
who was also Archbishop of Armagh (1625-60).
We find : ' Pardon of Sir Edward Trevor, William
Smith and Brian Magennis for having alienated
certain lands of the latter, in the County of Down,
without having obtained the Licence of the Crown '
(May 27, 1° 1625. Patent Rolls, Charles I., p. 7).
Sir Edward had a pension bestowed upon him of
five shilhngs and eight pence (Irish) per diem, by
letters patent during his life ' for his gallantry in his
Majesty's Wars,' having ' therein received many
wounds.' For some reason or other the pension had
r.O DONAGHMORE
been stopped, the arrears amounting to £534 2s. Sd.,
Irish. The King, in his letter granting Sir Edward's
petition to have the pension continued and the arrears
paid, speaks of him as an ' Ancient Servitor of the
Kingdom (Ireland) and of extraordinary merit '
(Patent Eolls of Charles I.).
He died (a poor man) at Dundalk, March 10, 1669,
and was buried in Clonallon churchyard.
In his will ho states—' now prisoner here (the Castle)
in ye Newry ' . . . ' I give and bequeath unto my
son, Arthur Trevor, and my son, Edward Trevor,
jointly between them ye benefit of ye lease of Lough-
horne, in Ireland.' ^
Sir Edward's son, Mark or Marcus Trevor, who was
Governor of Ulster, for his gallantry in wounding
Oliver Cromwell at Marston Moor in the County of
York, was created Baron Trevor of Eostrevor, co.
Down, April 21, 1662, and Viscount Dungannon,
August 28 of the same year. He married Frances,
daughter of Marmaduke Whitechurch of Loughbrick-
land. He died November 8, 1706.
Three of the townlands of the Manor, viz. ^loney-
more, Augheutobber, and Maddydrumbrist, were
subsequently acquired by Sir Thomas
FortescueB ^o^'tescue of Dromiskin, co. Louth, for
his elder son, Chichester. Chichester
Fortescue was Colonel of a Regiment of Foot, and
was accounted one of the best swordsmen of his
time. He resided, during the reign of James II.,
on his father's estate, at the Manor House, Donagh-
' ^7o arc unablo to ascertain if this be the Louchomc bordering
Donaghinorc.
DONAGHMORE PARISH 61
more, until disturbed by the troubles which marked
its close. In the spring of 1689, James's Irish soldiers
having come in force to Newry to disperse the loyal
inhabitants, all who were able fled the country. Colonel
Fortescue's wife and three children were sent from
Donaghmore to the Isle of Man for safety, while he
himself raised, at his own charge, a troop of dragoons,
and led them to the defence of Londonderry. He
died there, some time before the relief of the city,
of the prevalent disease. He married (1681) Frides,
daughter of Francis Hall, of Mount Hall, in Down
— by whom he left one son, Thomas, and four
daughters.!
Thomas succeeded to the estate of his grandfather,
and was styled as of Dromiskin, but he apparently
also held the Fortescue property in Donaghmore, for
we find, after his decease, an advertisement of ' the
Auction of goods and Furniture of Thomas Fortescue,
Esq., late of Frankfort, Co. Down, deceased.' ^ We
are unable to identify the Francis Fortescue whose
name appears in the following obituary notice: —
' Last Sunday (8th inst.) died Mrs. Martin, wife of
Rev. Robert Martin and daughter to Francis Fortescue,
Esq., of Donaghmore. She was a tender and affec-
tionate wife, and was sincerely regretted by all who
had the Pleasure of her Acquaintance.' 3
The Fortescue property in Donaghmore was
purchased by the Corry family shortly before 1769.
By deed of partition, dated September 11, 1769,
' See A History of the Family of Fortescue in all its Branches, by
Thomas (Fortescue), Lord Clermont.
2 Belfast News. Letter, March 16, 1764.
•^ Ibid., September 13, 1765.
62 DONAGHMORE
between Edward and Isaac Corry (brothers), who were
jointly seised in fee simple of the three townlands,
Isaac took the lands of ' the three half town lands
of Money dron.briste, otherwise Maddybrombriste,
Aghantubber otherwise Aghantober, Monymore other-
wise Monimore otherwise MiniiDore in the Barony of
Upper Iveagh and County Down '■ — (and also the
townland of Corcreechy in the Parish and Barony
of Newry).!
Isaac Corry, eldest son of Isaiah Corry of Rock-
corry, (;o. Monaghan, became a merchant in Newry.
He married Caesarea Smyth, and died in
'^''" 1752, having had, with daughters, three
sons, Edward, Isaac, and Trevor. Edward Corry
was M.P. for Newry, and died May 5, 1792, leaving
with other children a son, the Right Hon. Isaac
Corry, M.P. for Newry, Chancellor of the Exchequer
in the Irish Parliament, a well-known statesman,
who fought a celebrated duel with Grattan. He
died in 1813, and a handsome monument stands to his
memory in St. Mary's Church, Newry. The youngest
son of Isaac and Caesarea Corry was Sir Trevor Corry,
Ivnight, Baron of the I\ingdom of Poland, so created
by Stanislaus Augustus in 1773. He left money to
build St. Mary's Church in his native town, and a
nmral monument therein records his virtues. He died
in Pomerania, September 1, 1780. The second son
of Isaac and Caesarea Corry was Isaac Corry, of
Abbey Yard, Newry, who married, September 1769,
Mary, eldest daughter of John Pollock, of Newry,
' There was a tithe rent-charge on these lauds of £23 3«. lOd.
at the time of sale to the tenauts which was then redeemed. The
Bale to the tenants was completed in 1011.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 63
and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Robert CarHle.
He died in 1809, having had five sons and five
daughters. Only two of the daughters married : Maria
in 1802, to the Rev. William H. Pratt, and Anna
in 1828, to Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Westenra, 8th
Royal Irish Hussars, brother of the second Lord Ross-
more. Three of the sons, Marcus, Trevor, and Smith-
son, were married. The eldest, Lieutenant-Colonel
Marcus Corry, of Ballyhomra, co. Down, High Sheriff
CO. Down, 1799, married Elizabeth Mary Neville,
daughter of the Rev. John Fiske, and had two sons
who died unmarried, and two daughters, one of whom
married the Rev. Charles Lett, and was mother of
the Rev. Canon Lett, M.A., now Rector of Aghaderg,
Loughbrickland. Trevor and Smithson Corry were
merchants in Newry. Smithson lived at Old Hall,
Rostrevor, was J. P., co. Down, married Miss Douglas,
and died without children in 1856. Trevor Corry re-
sided at Abbey Yard, Newry, was J. P. and D.L., and
married July 12, 1809, Anna, daughter of Savage Hall,
of Narrow Water, co. Down. The Cony Monument
was erected in his honour. He died July 22, 1838,
leaving four sons and three daughters. Two of the
sons died unmarried, namely, Lieutenant Savage Hall
Corry, 17th Regiment, and Trevor Corry, junior, while
the third was Edward Smithson Corry, Sub-Inspector
R.I.C., whose daughter, Mary Alice Eden, married
George Gordon of Maryvale. The eldest son of Trevor
Corry and Anna Hall was Isaac Corry, of Abbey Yard,
J.P., D.L., Captain, North Down RiHes, who married,
1840, Elhs, daughter of Henry Ryan, and died 1869,
leaving daughters (of whom were Mrs. Huston, Mrs.
Glenny, and Lady Woodhouse) and a son, Trevor
64 DONAGHMOEE
Corry, of Belmont, Newry, who married, 1869, Sarah,
daughter of James Foxall, and died 1880, leaving with
three daughters a son, James Edward Smithson Corry,
the present representative of the family.
The Eev. Francis Johnston, Vicar of Donaghmore
(1775-89), seems to have held the nine town-
lands, which then constituted the manor,
Rov. Francis ^^^^j. ^he Primate ; for by ' marriage
articles ' (in his will, proved June 25,
1789) he charged several townlands of the manor
(and a townland in County Armagh) with £1,600
for his younger children.
This property was subsequently held by John
Vaughan — whose ancestor was vicar of the parish.
By his will, dated September 28, 1837,
^^^ he makes a disposition of his interest in
*"^ *"' the lands, * upon trust,' in favour of his
children, and appoints John Harshaw of Donaghmore,
and James Vaughan of Castlewellan, trustees, ' to see
the money applied to the education of his children.'
Hill Irvine of Newry became tenant-in-chief of
the nine townlands, October 20, 1849, when ' The
Sheriff (Mr. Nelson) gave Mr. Todd (agent)
HiU Irvine, p^gggggio^ of the estate for Mr. Hill Irvine
by (handing him) a clod and branch of poplar ! '
A dinner was given the new landlord in the Four
Mile House on the 22nd of the same month — James
Harshaw presiding and Robert Wilson in
Hiu'lrvino *^® vice-chair— about fifty guests being
present. The toasts were : ' The Queen
and Prosperity to li-eland,' ' Our New Landlord,'
' The Independent Tenantry of the Donaghmore
DONAGHMORE PARISH 65
estate ' (proposed by Hill Irvine and responded to by
John Bradford and R. Wilson), ' Education in all its
branches ' (responded to by the Rev. S. J. Moore),
' Tenant-Right,' — 'Live and let live' (Joseph Carswell
responding), ' Civil and Religious Liberty,' to which
the Rev. J. A. Alexander (Newry) responded, ' Agri-
cultural interests and a speedy reduction of rack rents '
(responded to b}^ Thomas Greer of Buskhill).
Hill Irvine was succeeded by Mrs. Cunningham of
Mrs. Lisfannon, co. Londonderry, who now holds
Cunningham, the property under the present owners of
the estate — the Craigs of Craigavon.
The Primate's interest in the property passed,
on January 1, 1871, to the Church Temporalities
Commissioners, and from thence to the
Present j^-^j^ j^^,^^^ Commission. The renewable
Owners of , , . , ,
the Estate, lease under which the property was held
by the immediate lessor was converted into
a grant in perpetuity in 1872, at a rent of £308 7s. Od.
The estate was purchased m 1889 from the Irish Land
Commission by James Craig of Craigavon, co. Down,
who redeemed the rent by a payment of £7,708 15s. 0^?.
The Craigs, an old family of the county of Down,
are at present represented by the well-known and dis-
tinguished parliamentarians — Charles Curtis
'^^^. and James, sons of the late James Craig of
Craigavon. Craigavon and Tyrella. Charles Curtis
Craig, born February 18, 1869, resides in
London, married (1897) LilKan Bowring, daughter of
the late John Wimble of Long Ditton, Surrey, is
M.P. for South Antrim since 1903, and a member of
the Carlton and Ulster (Belfast) Clubs.
66 DONAGHMOEE
James Craig of Craigavon, born January 8, 1871,
Hon. Captain in the Army, married (1905) Cecil Mary
Nowell Dering, only child of Daniel Alfred Anley
Tupper, served in the South African War, and received
for distinguished service the Queen's medal and three
clasps, the King's medal and two clasps. He is M.P.
for East Down since 1906, a magistrate for the county
of Down, and a member of the Carlton, Constitutional,
Ulster, and other clubs.
The second manor in the parish of Donaghmore — ' an
^L ,, antient Manor of Magenis '—comprised ten
The Manor , , . . , , • ^i t
' within the townlands, nme of these composmg the dis-
precinct of trict at present known as Glen,while the tenth
Clanagan.' (Lisnatierney) is a considerable distance
apart and in a different parish, viz. that of Aghaderg.
The ' Montgomery Manuscripts ' (p. 308) give a
summary of grants made to the Magennis family in
February 1611 by James I., and amongst them is one
to ' Murtagh MacEnaspicke Magenis of Corgirrie '
(Corgary) of the ten townlands described as ' within
the precinct called Clanagan ' and ' now all in the
parish of Donaghmore.' This latter statement is
incorrect, for Lisnatierney, whatever parish it may
have been in originally, was certainly not in that of
Donaghmore when the ' Manuscripts ' were compiled.
We believe, too, it is an error to include this
townland as ' within the precinct of Clanagan ' though
it is thus described in the grant. Clanagan
Extent of (^o^i^tiggg included the whole of the
Clanagan.
district of Glen, and probably that of
the Four Towns. The ' Montgomery MSS.' have
been characterised by a learned writer as ' an
DONAGHMORE PARISH 67
interesting collection of truth and fiction,' while it
is to be feared in many instances, in regard to the
grants themselves, neither accuracy in description of
locality, nor indeed in orthography, were considered
a prime necessity in such official documents.
In the grant to Murtagh, the several townlands
are recited, etc., thus : ' Grant from the King — To
Gnnt to Murtagh McEnaspicke Magenis of Cor-
Murtagh girrie, gent, the 10 towns within the
McEnaspicke precinct of Clanagan, called Corgirrie (Cor-
Magenis. ^^^^^^ Ballenlough (Ballylough), Ballen
knocknenary (Knockanarney), Ballycarrickrovade
(Carrickrovaddy), Ballelengannore (Lurganare), Balli-
dromiller (Dromiller), Ballyderricragh, otherwise
Ballechragh (Derrycraw), Ballyblagh (Ballyblaugh),
Ballydromintighan (Dromantine), and Ballylisrahin-
tierne (Lisnatierney) : rent £10 Irish — Corgirrie to
be held free ' (Patent Rolls, 8 James I., February 20,
1611).
A reference is made (' Calendar '• — Inquisiiiones —
Chancery Rolls) to certain mortgages upon portions
of these lands in the year 1612, when we find Murtagh
possessed of but ' 9 townlands ' (Derrycraw having
been disposed of in the meantime — doubtless to one
of the Trevor family — as we find Mark Trevor owning
it in 1641). ' Being thus possessed the said Murtagh by
his deed, bearing date, last day of September 1612,
demised the premises in Ballenlagh, Dromentean, and
Ballebleagh, ... to Art Oge Magennes of Ilanderry
(County Down) for a term of 99 years, beginning
immediately after the death of the said Murtagh —
the tenor of which deed is in the said deed.'
F 2
63 DONAGHMOEE
It will be seen that Murtagh is described in 1611
as ' Gent.' . . . ' of Corgirrie ' — the Manor
The^Manor jj^^^^ ^^ ^-^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^-^g Corgary Lodge-
now the residence of Lawrence McCourt.
It is interesting to know the proprietors of the
lands (other than the ' churchlands ') in the parish
in 1641, and those who became owners (of
TfTxtfrin *^® ^^^^^ forfeited) under the Acts of
1641, and Settlement. This information is afforded
Owners under us in the table on next page, taken from
Settlement ^ manuscript in the Eoyallrish Academy
(Stowe Collection), which gives ' A Distri-
bution of Forfeited Land in the Countyes of Downe,
etc. returned by the Downe Survey, showing whose
they were in anno 1641, and to whom they are
now sett out by the Acts of Settlement — and
explanation,' etc. (' Toiue ' 3d. vol. 2, Parish of
Donnghmore).
We have seen that Murtagh Magenis owned the
nine townlands comprising Glen in 1611, while in 1641
his descendant Art Magennis was the proprietor of
' eight townes ' — Aughuly Magenis having acquired
Knockanarney. This townland, although in the Glen
district, does not again appear as portion
f^or?eite?r ^^ ^^^® ^^^^^ Estate. It may be noted that
the only lands in the parish not forfeited
were the ' twelve townes ' constituting the Manor of
Dvjnaghmore, and Derrybrogh (Derrycraw), owned by
Mark Trever (Trevor).
Art Magennis and the Lord of Iveagh, like most
of the Magennis family, were active participants on the
side of the Eebellion in 1641, and hence the forfeiture
of their estates.
DONAGHMOKE PABISH
69
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70 DONAGHMORE
The origin of this roncned family takes us back
into the dim and distant past — the third century —
when Eochaidh Ccbha— their great ancestor
,, ® . — ruled the territory of Magh Cob.ja. and
Magenniscs. '' °
who was descended from Ir, one of the
Milesian Kings oi Ireland — according to O'Hart.
The Magennises derive their name from Mac
Aongus — a County Down jjrince who flourished in the
eleventh century — and who was the sixteenth in
descent from Eochaidh Cobha. The name ' Mac '
(son of) Aongus {Aon — ' strength ' and gus —
' excellent ') has been variously anglicised thus :
' MacGennis,' ' MacGinnis,' * MacGuinness,' ' Magennis,'
' Maguinis,' ' McGennis,' ' McGinnis,' ' Maginnis,' and
' Guinness.'
The ancient patrimony of the Magennises com-
prised the Baronies of Upper and Lower Iveagh, wdth
the Lordship of Newry and Mourne, while their com-
m mdiug position and influence were commensurate
with their vast territorial possessions. This cele-
brated family (the senior branch of the Clanna Eory)
rose into prominence in the twelfth century, and
continued great and powerful till 1641. Although
their former greatness had departed after that date,
yet it is true they had somewhat recovered them-
selves under James IL, when their claims w'ere revived ;
for we And Viscount Magennis made Lord Lieutenant
of Down, sat in the Parliament which met on May 7,
1689, and commanded a regiment of foot for the King ;
that Murtagh Magennis (of Greencastle) and Ever
Magennis (of Castlewellan) represented the County of
Down, wliile Bernard Magennis sat for Killvleadi,
DONAGHMORE PAEISH 71
in the Commons. The name Magennis appears among
the attestations of the Charter of Newry Abbey
about 1158 — the attester being Hugh Magennis. His
great-great-grandson (EaehmiUdh Mac Aonguis), chief
of the clan in 1314, received a letter from Edward II.
in that year, in which he is styled by the King ' Admily
Mac Aengus, Dux Hibernicorum de Auohagh ' (' Chief
of the Irish in Iveagh'). In writing to the King in 1314
and 1315 he thus styles himself and seems to claim
almost an equality with that monarch.
The head of the family — circa 1600 — is thus de-
scribed by Harris : — ' Iveach (including both baronies)
was otherwise called the Magennis's Country, as is
said, and in Queen Elizabeth's time was governed by
Sir Hugh Magennis, the civil est of all the Irish in those
parts. He was brought by Sir Nicholas Bagnel from
paying the Tribute called Bonaught to the O'Neils,
and took his Lands by Letters Patent from the Crown,
to be held by English tenure to him and his Heirs
Male. He wore English garments amongst his own
Followers every Festival Day ; and was able to bring
into the Field 60 Horsemen and near 80 Foot.' ^
Henry VIII. conferred knighthoods on two members
of the Magennis family. In a letter (October 8, 1542)
to the Lord Deputy and Comicil of Ireland, the King
states : ' We made McGuinez Knight, so as nowe
he must be called Sir Dol. Guinez ; but we have given
unto him no patent of his landes, but refer that to your
certificate, because you wrote not specially of it ; and
to him we gave in ready money 100 merkes. We have
also made Arthur Guinez Knight, and given unto him
' History of Down, p. 79.
72 DONAGHMOEE
£50 ill money ; and also granted his suite, that the Cell
of Newry, as yet insuppressed, shall be converted to a
college of secular prestes, and to be of our foundation.'
This Sir Hugh signed his name ' H. Magenisse ' — which
was doubtless the authentic spelling of the family name
in his time. Sir Hugh was M.P. for Down in 1558.
His son, Sir Arthur (who owned Ballytullaghmore
in this parish in 1617) seems to have been a great
favourite with King James I., who gave him (Sir Arthur
Magennis of Eathfriland Castle) 57 townlands (Patent
Kolls of James L), with the right to hold two fairs at
Eathfriland — one on Trinity Monday and the two
following days, and another on the Nativity of the
Blessed Virgin and the day after. Sir Arthur was
created Viscount Magennis of Iveagh, in the County
of Down, July 16, 1623, by James I.
The following parishes were in his gift- — viz. Drum-
gath, Druiuballyroney, Clonallon, and Seapatrick.
He died May 7, 1629, and was buried in Drumbally-
roney churchyard. Us had issue five sons : Hugh
(the second Viscount), Con, Arthur, Eory and Donal ;
and three daughters : Eose, Evehne and Eliza. The
second Mscount (Hugh) was born in 1599. He married
Mary, daughter of Sir John Bellew, of Castletown, co.
Louth, and died in April 1630, leaving three sons —
all of whom succeeded to the peerage- — one or other
of whom was the ' Lord of Iveagh ' who owned the
Four Towns property in this parish in 1641- — a portion
of the Manor of Eathfriland.
The ]\Iageniiises took a prominent part in matters
ecclesiastical, while several members of the family
became notable bishops of the Church. It is to
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 73
be feared, however, they were somewhat turbulent
and rather disobedient at times to the ecclesiastical
powers. In a Primatial Denunciation
Magennises (Armagh, 1442) we find an unruly Magennis,
re. Matters a son of the Church, proclaimed, viz : ' The
Ecclesiasticai.p^g^j^^^ and sacrilegious Arthur McGunissa,
Captain of his nation, who during a vacancy in the
See (Dromore) would not allow the Primate to
exercise the rights he claimed as its Custodee, but
perpetrated sacrilegious usurpations, occupations, and
detentions of lands, rents, profits, rights, emoluments,
belonging to the See ; and although subjected to sen-
tences of Suspension, Excommunication and Interdict,
the intolerable obstinacy of the said Arthur was such as
to bid defiance for years to these spiritual terrors. We
not only ordain that the secular arm be invoked, but
also that all goods whatsoever belonging to hun are to
be dissipated as a common prey among the faithful
of Christ's flock,' etc. ^
In the sixteenth century {circa 1540) Eugene or
Owen Maginnes was Bishop of Down and Connor.
He was consecrated in Kome by Pope Paul III. He
made his submission, however, to Henry VIII. and was
confirmed in his See and had his temporalities restored
on May 8, 1542. He held in covunendam (during his
episcopate) the Archdeaconry of Down and the
Benefices of Annaclone and Aghaderg. Arthur Magen-
nis was appointed by the Pope Bishop of Dromore.
He surrendered his Bulls, however, to King Edward VI.
(1550) and swore allegiance to that monarch, declaring
King's Primacy of Armagh.
74 DONAGHMORE
that ' he would hold his See from his Majesty alone,
and obe}' the law in all things.'
In 1602 a pardon was granted ' to Murtagh Magenis,
son of the Bishop '• — probably Arthur.
It seems that about the year 1680 a controversy
arose among the bards of Ulster as regards the race
to whom by ancient right the armorial bearings of
Ulster (the Red Hand) belonged, when a person named
Cormac claimed the right on behalf of the
Magennises Clami O'Neill. He was promptly challenged,
and the however, by Diarmait, the son of Loaigh-
IfuLi^r"'^ seal Mac an Bhaird (English— Louis Ward),
who adduced ' many historical reasons to
prove that the Red Hand of Ulster belonged by
right to the Ulidians of the Rudrician or Irian race, of
whom MacEnis (or Magenis) of the County Down was
chief. . . . Indeed it was openly and publicly asserted
in the 17th century by writers of the Clann O'Neill them-
selves, that the Red Hand w^as the right of Magenis,
but that the O'Neills wrested it to themselves, and
have continued to usui-p it to this day.' i
The ^lagennis ' war cry ' was Ska nhodayh- oboe- —
Sean-Chodach, signifying 'the old churl,' may have
alluded to the seniority of the Magennis
}}^^ race, while Ahoe, or Ahu, which is derived
. \x\^J. Cry/ fi'om the Irish word Buaidh (bo-ee), signifies
' Victory.' Thus * O'Neill Aboo ' signifies
' Victory to O'Neill.' ~
The following were the ancient residences of the
Magennises :
' Sec O'Cuny, Mantiers and Customs, vol. iii. pp. 2G4, 278.
- 'War Cries of Irish Sepis,' Ulster Journal of Archcoology (Old
Seriet), vol. iii. p. 203, and O'Hart, Irish Pedigrees, p. 347.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 75
New Castle (chief residence), built by Felix Magennis
(1558), subsequently owned by Viscount Magennis,
forfeited in the Eebeilion of 1641, and
The granted to William Hawkins of London,
Ca^s^les! great-grandfather of Robert Hawkins
Magill ; Castlewellan (known formerly as
Castle- Vellen and subsequently as Castle- William),
the seat of the Earl Annesley ; Green Castle on
Carlingford Bay, of which the Bagnal family deprived
them ; and Rathfriland Castle, forfeited in the
Eebeilion, and granted to William Hawkins.
Doubtless not a few of those who now bear the
honoured name of Magennis, can claim a valid descent
from the great family whom we have so imperfectly
sketched. Among such, we refer to the
Ivexo-h present Lord Iveagh, who, according to
O'Hart (an expert on Lish pedigree) and
other authorities, is a hneal descendant of the
Magennises. Lord Iveagh may well feel proud of his
ancient lineage, historic title, and renowned family
(renowned even amidst its turbulence and rebellion),
and all Irishmen may be justly proud of hini' — and,
we would add, of his elder brother. Lord Ardilaun —
whether they be thought of as the noble representatives
of a great race, or as the peers jjar excellence of
unbounded generosity and Christian philanthropy.
It will be seen that Hans Hamilton became possessor
of eight ' townes ' — ' by certificate,' dated December 21,
1662^previously owned by Art Magennis,
Hamilton ^^ whom they were forfeited. At the
subsequent enrolment of the grant ' by
certificate,' these townlands are thus enumerated
(Patent Eolls, 19th Charles II.) : ' Sir Hans Hamilton
76 DONAGHMOEE
Knight and Baronet, Corgary, Ballinlough, Ballybleagh,
Loganare, Druniillere, Carrickkerovadie, Dromintreane,
1,661 ac. 1 rd. 8 p. Lissenterine 178 ac. 3 rd. 38 jper.
Barony Upper Evagh, Down.— Total quantity 1,860
ac. Plantation (3,012 ac. 3 rd. 23 p.). Total rent
£25 2s. 2d. liish.— Enrolled 19th April 1667.'
These eight to\viilands comprise what was known
until recently as the ' Glen Estate.'
Hans Hamilton was son of John Hamilton, of
Caronary, co. Cavan and of Monella, co. Armagh, by
Sarah Brabazon, his wife, sister of Edward, Lord Ardee,
and aunt of William, Earl of Meath. Hans Hamilton, of
Monella and Hamilton's Bawn, co. Armagh, was
created a Baronet in 1662 ; Privy Seal, White Hall,
March 29, patent, Dublin, April 6, 1662. He was
nephew of James, first Viscount Claneboye, and of
Archibald Hamilton, ancestor of the Eowan Hamiltons
of Killyleagh Castle, co. Down — one of whom — Heriot
Georgina — (authoress and philanthropist), daughter
of Archibald Eowan Hamilton, married, October 2,
1862, Frederick Temple, Marquess of Dufferin and
Ava, a most brilliant and distinguished Irishman. Sir
Hans Hamilton died in 1681 — when his estates passed
to his son-in-law. Sir Eobert Hamilton (created Baronet
Jul3% 1682) of Mount Hamilton, co. Armagh — who
had married Sarah, Sn Hans' onl}' daughter and heiress.
Sir Hans Hamilton, it would seem, never lived on this
portion of his property, but must have let what was
then the Manor House, Dromantine, to William Lucas
(see infra).
'By Certilicate, dated 7th July 1668,' W'illiam
Hawkins, Merchant, Loudon, became owner of the
DONAGHMORE PARISH 77
forfeited estates in this parish of the Lord of Iveagh
and of Aughuly Magenis. The property of the
Lord of Iveagh comprised the townlands
wuiiam °^ Tullymore alias Ballyreigan (and alias
Hawkins. Ballymenagh), Tullymore alias Killassonne
(Killysavan), and Ballymanisbeg (Bally-
macrattybeg) ; while that of Aughuly Magenis con-
sisted of the townland of Knocknarney (Knocknanar-
ney). These townlands, although in the parish of
Donaghmore, formed, after 1688, portion of
Rathfriland. ^^® Manor of Rathfriland, which was
owned by the Hawkins family, having
been forfeited by the Lord of Iveagh.
These townlands passed to John, son and heir of
William Hawkins, and from thence to Lord Clanwilliam,
and other members of the Meade family
Hawkins. — '^^'^^^^ ^^® exception of Knocknanarney,
which subsequently became the property
of the Brookes of Brookeborough. It will be seen
that the original grantee was William Hawkins.
He was succeeded by his son John (High Sheriff
of Do^na, 1675). His son John, of Rathfriland (High
Sheriff of Down, 1700), was the next possessor.
Robert Hawkins (son of John Hawkins of Rath-
friland by his wife Mary, sister of Sir John Magill,
Bart. — formerly Johnston — daughter of
Robert Lieutenant William Johnston of Gilford,
Magill. CO- Down) assumed the name of Magill and
became Robert Hawkins Magill of Gill
Hall (High Sheriff, co. Down, 1718, M.P. for Down
1725-45). He married, as his second wife. Lady Anne
Bligh, daughter of John, first Earl of Darnley.
78 DONAGHMOEE
and of her (who married, secondly, Bernard Ward,
first Viscount Bangor) had a daughter, Theodosia,
who married, August 29, 1765, John, 1st Earl of Clan-
william. Their second son, General the
aanviUiam ^°"- ^^o^^rt Meade, was father of the
late John Meade, of Earsham Hall,
Norfolk, who was father of Captain John Percy
Meade, D.L., High Sheriff, co. Down, 1897, and of
Elvira Adela, who married, 1891, Captain Roger Hall, of
Narrow Water (formerly Mount Hall), the representative
of another old and distinguished County Down family.
The head of the Meade family is the present Earl of
Clanwilliam, who served in the South African War
as captain of the Horse Guards. He was mentioned in
despatches, and on being invalided home, having been
severely wounded, had the honour of being received by
the late King Edward. He succeeded to the peerage
on the death of his distinguished father in 1907. He
was not born to the title ; but his elder brother. Lord
Gillford, who married a daughter of Lord Home, died
in 1905, leaving an only daughter. Lady Clanwilliam
was the widow of Oliver How^ard, when she married
the Earl in April 1909. Lord Clanwilliam is exceed-
ingly popular and has an interest in almost every
class of sport. He and the Meade family generally
are amongst the best landlords in the County of Down
and are well known for their generosity to the Church
and mdeed towards every good and benevolent cause.
Lord Clanwilliam (as was his father) is a generous
contributor to the funds of Donaghmore Church.
The Manor of Glen (or Glynwood, as it was sub-
sequently called) came into possession (by purchase)
of the Innes family about the year 1740, and has so
DONAGHMORE PARISH 79
continued till the estate was sold (in 1908) to the
tenants, the residence (Dromantine House) with
^, , demesne and other lands being retained.
Th© InnGSGs.
The last owner who held Manor Courts
in Glen was Captain Arthur Innes of the 9th Dra-
goons, who, when these Courts and other manorial
rights were abolished, changed the name of his
demesne from Glynwood to that of Dromantine.
The Inneses are descended from the Lairds of
Leuchars, Fife, Scotland, now represented by the
Duke of Roxburghe. Alexander, second son of
Alexander, Laird of Leuchars, married Mary, daughter
of Sir Robert Jacob, Knight, Solicitor-General
for Ireland. He died in 1646, leaving issue (among
others) Charles or Gordon Innes, who married Jean,
daughter of Robert Brice of Castle Chichester. Among
the issue of the marriage was Joseph Innes, merchant
and shipowner, Belfast, and the Rev. William Innes
of Bangor. William, son of the latter, was the first
owner of Glen Manor, for whom it was purchased by
his guardians (he being a minor) according to the terms
of his uncle Joseph's will, dated September 9, 1734,
and proved 1736.
Captain Innes (9th Dragoons). High Sheriff of Down,
1814, married Anne, daughter of Major Crow, of Tulla-
more, King's County, a lineal descendant of the Rev.
— Crow, private chaplain of King William III., who
was with his Majesty at the Battle of the Boyne, and
who, according to family tradition, gave much assist-
ance to the wounded soldiers in that memorable contest.
The late Arthur Charles Innes was son of Arthur
Innes (Lieut. 3rd Dragoon Guards), J. P. and D.L.,
High Sheriff of Down, 1832, who married, May 15,
80 DONAGHMOEE
1829, Mary Jervis, daughter of Admiral Wolseley,
whose memoh- (' Memoir of Admiral Wolseley '),
written by his granddaughter, Miss Innes (now of
the Anchorage, Eostrevor), displays rare literary
ability, and contains very interesting and valuable
information in regard to the Admiral and his
family.
Arthur Charles Innes, who was born November 25,
1834, married July 15, 1858, Louisa Letitia Henrietta,
second daughter of James Brabazon (a branch of the
Meath family), of Mornington House, co. Meath, and
had issue a daughter, Edith Clarence Brabazon, who
died March 11, 1866. Mrs. Innes died January 27,
1886. She was a warm personal friend of the writer,
who received many tokens of her kindness and by
whom her memory is cherished in fond remembrance.
Mr. Innes married, secondly, September 21, 1887,
Jane Beauchamp, only daughter of Wilham Cross,
J. P. and D.L. (Colonel, Armagh Militia), of Dartan, co.
Armagh (whose name he subsequently assumed), and
had issue : Arthur Charles Wolseley, born June 8,
1888 ; Marian Dorothea (married September 7, 1912,
Kichard Christopher Brooke, Scots Guards, only son
of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart,, of Norton Priory,
Cheshire) ; and Sydney Maxwell, born April 29, 1894.
Arthur Charles Innes was D.L. and J. P. for Down,
and M.P. for Newry, 1865-8. He died April 14, 1902.
He was ever the true friend and kind patron of the
writer, by whom his memory is held in affectionate
remembrance. He was a good and considerate land-
lord, and always evinced a deep interest in the welfare
of the tenants on the Glen Estate.
Mrs. Innes-Cross married, secondlv. March 18,
DONAGHMORE PARISH 81
1907, Herbert Martin Cooke (member of can old York-
shire family), of St. Vincent's, Eastbourne, who subse-
quently assumed the name of Cross with that of Cooke.
Mrs. Cooke-Cross died Thursday, November 16, 1911,
and was buried in the parish churchyard on the
following Tuesday.
Arthur Charles Wolseley Innes is the present
proprietor of Dromantine, he having attained his
majority June 8, 1909, when addresses were presented
to him by the tenantry and the Select Vestry of the
Parish Church. He was educated at Eton and Trinity
College, Cambridge.
Dromantine is the well-known seat of the family.
The house, handsome and imposing, is built of cut
stone in the old Italian style of architec-
Dromantine ^^^^^ ^^^^ Contains many line family paint-
DemTsne" i^g*^' ^^^ ^0^^^^ ^^^'^ ^^^ tapestry. The
large demesne contains much full-grown
timber, and the beautiful pleasure grounds and
pinetum a choice collection of shrubs and trees.
There are two lakes within the demesne where wild-
fowl abound, especially duck.
William Lucas, to whom the Duke of Ormond issued
a warrant in 1681 to ' compass the capture or death '
of Redmond O'Hanlon, resided at Droman-
Lu^as"of *^^® ^^ *^^^ ^^*®' ^^ ^ tenant under
Dromantine, Sir Hans Hamilton, who also took an
'warrant to active part against the great Tory and
tlTcrture outlaw. Prendergast refers to an account
or death ' of of Redmond O'Hanlon's death pubHshed in
Redmond < ^ letter from a gentleman in Dublin to
O'Hanlon. ^ ^q^^q^ of quaUty, his friend in the
Country,' which 'gives a copy of a warrant from the
82 DONAGHMOEE
Duke of Ormond to Mr. William Lucas ^ of Drumintyne
(Dromantine) dated the 4th March 1681, to compass
the capture or death of Redmond O'Hanlon, and Mr.
Lucas's warrant to Art (or Arthur) O'Hanlon to take
or kill Redmond, dated 4th April, 1681.' -
Besides the warrant to William Lucas and that of
the latter to Arthur O'Hanlon, a proclamation was
issued, offering £200 for Redmond's head. Sir Hans
Hamilton (the owner of Dromantine) was very actively
employed in securing the Tory, for we find him writing
a letter to the Duke of Ormond (December 18, 1680)
complaining bitterly of Deborah Annesley's sympa-
thies for O'Hanlon and her secret plans for his escape.
It seems both Mr. and Mrs. Annesley were in constant
correspondence with Katherine O'Hanlon (Redmond's
mother-in-law) and that the Bishop of Meath (Mrs.
Annesley's father) had been a party in lending them
his position and influence to secure the pardon of
Redmond.
Lucas seems to have acted promptly and success-
fully in securing his victim. In one month from the
date of his warrant from the Duke of Ormond he had
issued his own to Arthur O'Hanlon, and in three short
weeks the deed was done, Redmond having been
treacherously shot through the heart by the same
Arthur O'Hanlon, his own kinsman and fosterer in
crime, whose payment for the job is thus recorded in
^ Francis Lucas, cornet in the army, of Castle Shane, co.
Monaghan (whose will is dated October 15, 1657, and proved De-
cember 8 of the same year), married Mary Pojnitz, and by her (who
maiTied secondlj' Robert Moore) had issue : Francis, William (of
Dromantyne), Richard, and Charles.
- Ireland fiom the Restoration to the Revolution, p. 121.
DONAGHMORE PARISH 83
a State paper : — ' One hundred pounds paid to Arthur
O'Hanlon, on May 6, 1681, for kilHng the torie, Red-
mond O'Hanlon.' It seems that Redmond (who was
probably at the time ' in residence ' at one of his
haunts in the Mourne Mountains) had gone to a
place near ' Eight Mile Bridge ' (the bridge spanning
the river Ban, close to the present village of Hilltown,
and hence ' The Ban-Bridge ' erroneously identified
by Prendergast as the town of Banbridge, co. Down)
where a fair was being held, his purpose being to rob
those returning from the mart. He was accompanied
by Arthur O'Hanlon and a man named O'Sheel, who
acted as a guard on the occasion. While O'Sheel (who,
it seems, was not a party to the treachery) was acting
as sentinel at the door of the cabin where Redmond
lay resting in sleep, Arthur O'Hanlon ' fired the con-
tents of his blunderbuss into Redmond's breast ' at
2 o'clock P.M. on April 25, 1681. He died almost
immediately, but before doing so he requested O'Sheel
to cut off his head and hide it in a bog hole, lest it
became ' the scoff of his enemies.' The headless body
was taken to Newry, where we are told it was ' pubhcly
exposed ' for a couple of days under a guard of soldiers,
while the head, which had been found, was placed
over the entrance of Downpatrick jail. Redmond's
mother mourned for her son in the following sad
keene :
' Dear head of my darling, how gory and pale
These aged eyes see thee high spiked on their jail ;
That cheek in the summer-tune ne'er shall grow wann,
Nor that eye e'er catch light but the flash of the stonn.' ^
' See Prendergast, CromivelUan Settlement, p. 355.
84 DONAGHMORE
Bedmond O'Hanlon and many others of his class,
whose family estates had been either misspent or for-
feited in the sixteenth and seventeenth cen-
'Toryesor ^^^.-^g^ having no visible means of support,
Idle oys. ^^^^ despising trade or work of any kind as
too mean and base for gentlemen, became ' tories and
outlaws.' With a band of adherents and fosterers, they
took to the hills, mountains, forests and bogs, and
swooping down on the new settlers of the lands once
owned by their forebears— and, indeed, on any who
had valuables— murdered, plundered, maimed, and
took away everything movable and valuable. They
were called ' Tories ' for the first time by the Duke of
Ormond in a proclamation— September 25, 1650 —
where they are termed ' Toryes or Idle Boys.' Accord-
ing to Defoe, ' Tory ' is the Irish toruigh, used in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth to signify a band of Irish
robbers— being formed from the Irish verb tondgUm
(to make sudden raids). From the signification and
use of the word we have inherited the vile epithet
designating a base fellow, viz. ' tory-villain ' ; while
the nickname ' Tory,' as apphed to a political party by
their opponents about 1679, combined ideas most
odious to the English mind at the time, namely, those
associated with an Irish thief or Tory. Redmond
O'Hanlon was the most famous of the ' Tories' of his
day. He had not only his own immediate band of out-
laws who did his bidding, but was himself commander-
in-chief of all the Tories of the north for about ten
years. His principal haunts were the Newry, Sheve
Gullion, and Carhngford Mountains —while occasionally
those of Mourne afforded the Rapparee a hiding-
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 85
place- — and from thence be and his bandits salUed
forth over the counties of Armagh, Louth, Down,
and even Tyrone— terrifying the entire population,
and giving infinite trouble to those in authority.
Many strenuous efforts were made by the Tory
Acts and otherwise to suppress Toryism by the
capture of the outlaws ; but notwithstanding it con-
tinued to flourish all through the Commonwealth, and
even after the Restoration. The Tory who killed a
fellow-Tory was himself pardoned-^by 9 William III.
(Irish). Cap. 9. ' Tory hunting and Tory killing ' was
considered fine sport and pastime ! Hence the his-
torical foundation for the well-known Irish nursery
rhymes :
*"Ho ! brother Teig, what is your story ? "
" 1 went to the wood, and shot a Tory :
I went to the wood, and shot another ;
Was it the same or was it his brother ?
' I hunted hrni m, I hunted him out,
Three times through the bog, and about and about ;
Till out of a bush I spied his head.
So I levelled my gun, and shot him dead." ' '
Redmond O'Hanlon was a member of the sept of
that name' — a fragment of the Clann Colla— a great
tribe which held the supreme place in Ulster at an
early date.
He is said to have been a descendant of Tirlagh
Grome O'Hanlon. who in 1620 owned the townland of
Aghantaraghan (close to the village of Poyntzpass),
' See Prendergast, Croimvellian Settlement, p. 350.
86 DONAGHMOEE
where it is supposed Eedmond himself hved^n a
house occupying the site of Iveagh Lodge, the resi-
dence of Mr. Heber Magenis, J.P. He served for a
time in a continental army, where he was known as
Count O'Hanlon.
The ' O'Hanlon Country ' comprised the whole
of the two modern baronies of Upper and
Tlif Lower Orior in the County of Armagh,
CouS^!'''' extending from Jonesborough and Newry
to Tanderagee, and containing 77,932
statute acres.
The seat of the O'Hanlon family was Ballymore
(Tanderagee) Castle, now owned by the Duke of Man-
chester. The chief at the time of the
SirOghie Plantation of Ulster was Sir Oghie
0 Hanlon. _,^^ , ,, , , i • p
0 Hanlon— then an old and nihrm man.
He was the hereditary Eoyal Standard Bearer of
Ulster, and had frequently carried his banner at the
head of the King's forces against rebelhon, or other
resistance to the lawful authority. Indeed, he
remained a loyal subject of the King to the end, but
he was compromised by his son (Oghie Oge O'Hanlon),
a strong rebel, who fought under Sir Cahir O'Dogherty
(his brother-in-law), and besides, he gave Oghie an
asylum at Barrymore Castle for a night during the
revolt. Sir Oghie (at this time) held his lands by
grant from the Crown— a provision of the deed being
that should he or any of his heirs or assigns enter into
rebellion the grant would become void. Although
this deed was not clahned by Sir Oghie, yet it was
considered that the lands therein conveyed were
forfeited by Oghie Oge's having taken part in the
DONAGHMORE PARISH 87
revolt. 1 In consequence the O'Hanlon estates were
forfeited and the family translated to Connaught, and
the loyal old chieftain granted a pension of £80 per
annum in lieu of his barony of Orior ! The poor
old man (who surely deserved a better fate in his
declining years) did not live to enjoy the magnani-
mous gift, but died of a broken heart— his grey
hairs were literally ' brought in sorrow to the
grave.'
In those old times of rebelhon and bloodshed,
probably in many cases wrongs were done to members
of the ancient Celtic families, and a polic}- pursued by
those in authority inimical to the peace, loyalty, and
prosperity of Ireland ; and it is to be fondly hoped that
in the recoil of modern times history will not repeat
itself under any new regime which may be established,
notwithstanding the assurances to the contrary of
those who claim to speak in its name. Dr.
' Revolution- ^j^j^^^ in his Introduction to Dr. R. H.
ary Ireland "^ ' ^ .
and its Murray s volume on Revolutionar}^
Settlement' Ireland and its Settlement,' tells us that
Mahaff violence and injustice beget one another,
and lead to a hereditary vendetta, and that
even now the recoil from the penal laws is being felt ;
that the long oppressed are rising rapidly in power,
wealth, and influence— and ' it will be strange indeed
if this recovered influence does not lead to acts of
injustice and even to confiscation in some polite
form, even though the days of massacre and armed
rapine are over.'
' See Hill, Plantation of Ulster, p. 64.
88 DONAGHMORE
Glynwood (Dromantine) has long been noted as the
scene of a dreadful massacre during the Rebellion of
1641. It is described by Harris in harrow-
i file ''
Glynwood i^g terms, while other writers of repute
Massacre ' (particularly the late Dr. Fitzpatrick)
according to represent it as an absolute myth. We will
therefore give the evidence for and against,
with honest comment, and allow our readers to judge
for themselves. Harris tells us (in substance) that the
parish of Donaghmore will ' ever be infamous for the
merciless butchery ' of 1641^n which ' upwards of
1,200 defenceless Protestants ' were massacred ' in the
Covert of a thicket ' ' at Glyn or Gl^mwood, an ancient
manor of Magenis, now of William Innys '• — west of
the church. 1
The inhabitants of Donaghmore for upwards of
two and a half centuries have given absolute credence
to this ' inhuman butchery,' and have doubtless
mournfully regretted its occurrence. We are now
told, however, that the evidence upon which it is
based is only ' hearsay,' and that the massacre is an
'The absolute myth. Dr. Fitzpatrick, in his
Massacre' recent volume,^ endeavours to show that
according to the sole evidence of this supposed carn-
Fitzpatrick ^^^ -^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^, ^^^^^ ^^.^^.^^ ^^^^^
were wont to while away the time by relating to a
notable prisoner in their custody stories as to the
prowess of the rel)el arms, and the wonderful massacres
that were taking place all over the country by their
' See History of Down, pp. 85-6.
* T. Fitzpatrick, LL.D., ' The Bloody Bridge ' and other Papers
relating to the Insurrection of 1641.
DONAGHMORE PARISH 89
valiant brethren- — one of these being that at Glynwoocl.
It is to be hoped that Dr. Fitzpatrick is correct in
his conclusion, and that our parish will no longer be
tarnished as the scene of such a ' bloody strife '■ — even
though our hopes are dashed of dwelling on a theme,
which, however sad and gruesome, some readers, at
least, might consider interesting ! Hence we cannot
record even an ' Irish shindy ' at Glynwood, or the
free use of a few blackthorn sticks, but simply content
ourselves by characterising the ' massacre,' in our
author's words, as the ' Donaghmore myth.'
Dr. Fitzpatrick certainly makes out a good case for
the side which evidently has his sympathies, and for
which he seems to hold a brief. He claims to write im-
partially in elucidating the history of a period ' about
which men wrote as desperately as they fought ' ;
but it is to be feared the words may in truth be used
against himself, for, to say the least, he often writes
' desperately.' Apart from his evident bias, he seems
inconsistent, for the documents (' Depositions ') which
he uses are considered good and trustworthy when
he pleads the cause of the rebels, but far otherwise
if they tend to tarnish their fair name. But if the
depositions are good evidence in regard to massacres
by those who fought against the rebels, surely they
cannot be worthless when they describe the carnages
of the latter. Doubtless it is impossible to find a
writer on either side totally free from bias and in-
consistency in regard to the Rebellion of 1641 — in-
cluding even Harris and Temple- — and, we might add,
the smaller fry, however much they try, who pose as
' parish historians ! '
90 DONAGHMOKE
Harris and others are blamed for using ' hearsay '
evidence, while Dr. Fitzpatrick excludes such in estab-
Hshing his conclusions ; and, besides, he claims to have
had recourse to later and unpubhshed depositions not
employed by the earlier writers— viz. those before the
Commonwealth Commissioners at Carrickfergus in 1653.
In regard to the ' sworn evidence taken by the
Koyal Commissioners (after the Eebellion) appointed
by the Broad Seal of Ireland,' Dr. Fitzpatrick states,
that having examined the depositions which are in the
County Down volume, numbering over a hundred and
twenty, he ' cannot find that any county Down man
or woman knew or heard anything of the Glynwood
(Donaghmore) massacre of 1,200 helpless Protestants.' ^
The High Sheriff of Down at the time (Peter Hill)
was a deponent, and informed the Commissioners
that ' he knows the county (Down) well,' and while
he gives evidence as to certain atrocities committed
by the rebels at the ' Bloody Bridge ' and other places
in Down, he never once refers to a massacre as having
taken place at Glynwood in Donaghmore parish.
The Eev. Patrick Dunken, Vicar of Donaghmore,
was a prisoner in the hands of the rebels, in a house
near Newcastle, and afterwards became a
Viccar of deponent. He was examined May 26, 1653,
Deponent. ^^ Carrickfergus before the Commissioners
' concerning the things transacted to his
knowledge and hearsay in the County of Downe
and thereabouts the first half yeare of the Eebellion,
during which time, the said Mr. Dunfin (Dunken) with
his wife, were prisoners with the rebells, having first
' Introduction, p. jcix.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 91
robbed them of all their goods.' In the evidence as
transcribed by Dr. Fitzpatrick, the Vicar of Donagh-
more tells ' what he knows about the Newcastle affair,
and what he has heard about Lisnagarvey, Down-
patrick, Newry, Mourne '—and so on—' but has not
a word to say about his own Parish.' i
According to Dr. Fitzpatrick the whole story of this
supposed massacre is based on the evidence of the
Kev. Dr. Robert Maxwell, \'icar of Tynan,
Doctor QQ^ Armagh, a prisoner in the hands of the
Maxwell , , , t^ t < i , ,
D ponent. rebels at Kynard, who amused them-
selves by telling him many horrible tales.'
The following is a portion of Dr. Maxwell's deposition,
taken August 22, 1642' — (about eleven years previous
to the deposition of the Rev. Patrick Dunken) : ' In
Glynwood, towards Donaghmore, there were slaugh-
tered (as the Rebells tould the deponent) upwards of
1,200 in all who were killed in their flight to the countie
of Downe.'
It seems somewhat strange that the rebel guards
at Kynard should have singled out this particular place
as the scene of a slaughter of such magnitude, if
nothing happened of that nature. Glynwood is close
to the two passes though which those in flight- — pre-
sumably from the direction of County Armagh- — must
have entered this portion of Down ; and besides, the
particular spot, a deep ravine in Dromantine demesne —
north of the lake- — said to be the scene of the massacre,
would in all probability be considered a safe hiding-
place for fugitives. Again, the guards had nothing
to gain by misrepresentation or exaggeration, and
• The Bloody Bridge, etc., p. 93.
92 DONAGHMOEE
besides, it is to be presumed they were the best
authorities regarding the rebel achievements.
On the other hand then- narrative certainly con-
flicts with the depositions as quoted by Dr. Fitz-
patrick, and this in itself is an important point in
favour of his contention. Doubtless we do not know
the whole truth of the matter, nor are we likely to be
further enlightened. At any rate Dr. Maxwell, a man
of high standing and great ability, evidently believed
what ' the Eebells tould ' him, though for aught we
know these worthies may have been simply ' fooling '
the good divine !
Kobert Maxwell was a Doctor of Divinity of the
University of Dublin, Eector of Tynan, and Arch-
deacon of Down. He was consecrated Bishop of
Kilmore in St. Patrick's, Dublin, March 24, 1643, and
the see of Ardagh was granted him by Charles II.,
February 24, 1660. He held both sees till his death-
November 16, 1672.1
During the revolutionary period of our history,
although the contending armies ' passed and repassed '
through the parish, we find no record of an
Revolution, engagement between the combatants, but
arv Period. » *^, , , , . , .
doubtless nevertheless terror reigned m
Donaghmore, and the inhabitants suffered privation
and loss, as was inevitable in the circumstances.
There was, however, during the period, almost
' a battle royal ' at the old Four Mile House, the
combatants on one side being Alexander Stewart and
his wife (who kept the inn), James Hope (a prominent
United Irishman and somewhat of a poet), and a friend
' Ware's Bishops, p. 243.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 93
named Dignan, of Newry ; while, on the other, were a
few EngHsh soldiers and a horse ! The bloodless
ccmb it is portrayed by Hope in his * Memoirs of '98.'
It seems while he and Dignan were at the inn, two
soldiers rode up, and having partaken of some drink,
flung their empty glasses on the flags, and went off
withe ut paying for their 'refreshment' — a shabby
trick ! Poor Mrs. Stewart and her husband were
naturally irate, but their words are not related. Two
other soldiers, we are told, just then rode up, one of
whom ' ran at Mrs. Stewart (who was standing at the
door of the inn having a child in her arms) with his
blade.' Happily the cowardly soldier was repulsed
by the valiant Hope, who drew his sword in defence of
the woman. The soldier's horse, however, was not
to be outdone even by the brave Hope ; for it seems,
before an immediate departure to Banbridge, the
dauntless animal, with the willing consent of the rider,
made a fling at the inn door with the hind legs —
smashing it (we hope not) to atoms !
Towards the close of the eighteenth century (1778),
owing to the critical condition of Ireland at the time,
the Volunteer m)vement was inaugurated
?;'^f , — when Djnaghmore contributed its quota
Volunteers. '^ n i •
to the 100,000 men eventually enrolled m
the four provinces as a Volunteer force. Unfortu-
nately, owing to the loss or destruction of records,
very little information is now available in regard to
the Donaghmore Volunteers, of which there were two
companies. The companies belonged to the Newry
Infantry Regiment, as did the Sheepbridge corps and
that of Rathfriland.
94 DONAGHMOEE
Aimng the officers of ' The Fh'st Danaghmore
Company ' were Captain J. Arbucle and Lieutenant
Samuel Martin. Captain Arbucle resided at Mary-
vale, which he owned with the townland of Carnacally
in which it is situated. Lieutenant Martin was father
of John Martin, the well-known ' repealer,' and, of
course, lived at the family residence — Loughorne.
' The Second Donaghraore Company ' had, as captain,
George Gordon. Captain Gordon was a brother of
Captain William G. Gordon of Sheepbridge — members
of the old and well-known family of that place — and
now represented in the neighbourhood by the Gordons
of Mount Kearney and Maryvale.
Captain Carswell was an officer in one or other of
the Donaghmore companies. We fmd him attending
a review held at Eathfriland, October 19, 1792,
accompanied by fifty of the Donaghmore Volunteers.
Captain Carswell (who resided in Annaghbane) was
a member of an old and much respected family — now
represented by Joseph Carswell of Kockmount (Four
Towns) and Joseph Carswell of Shankhill. The
Carswells came originally from Scotland and settled
in the parish early in the seventeenth century.
An article in an old issue of the Down Recorder
describes the uniform generally worn by the Volunteer
force in Down — viz. ' a scarlet coat, with yellow, white,
blue, or green facings ; white waistcoat and small-
clothes ; white stockings and black gaiters, a black
knee-band and a cocked hat.' A Fusilier corps in
Downpatrick, it seems, wore a green uniform with red
facings, short-skirted coat, and high cap with a red
plume.
DONAGHMORE PARISH 95
The origin of the Volunteers was as follows : In 1777
the English were defeated at Saratoga, where the whole
British army under General Burgoyne
Origmof the g^^rendered to the Americans. The affairs
Volunteers. _, , , , , ■, -i n .
of England were desperate, while the out-
look in Ireland was no less serious and critical. There
were no troops left in the country, as all had been
drafted off to fight the Americans. In 1778 the
situation was still more desperate ; for the French
united with the Americans and threatened to invade
the British Islands. England seemed no longer able
to defend and hold Ireland ; and besides, shoals of
American privateers swarmed round the Irish coast,
seizing British vessels and doing immense havoc in
many ways. Notable among the gang was a certain
Paul Jones (a Scotsman, in the American service), who
in 1778 — at Carrickfergus — captured the Drake, a
British brig. In the terrible predicament the Protes-
tants of Ireland flew to arms. If England could not
defend them against the foreign invader they would
protect themselves by raising a force for home defence
— so corps of Volunteers were rapidly enrolled through-
out the four provinces, arms were procured and drillmg
went on in every parish. At the commencement the
Volunteers were almost wholly Protestant Dissenters,
but subsequently Churchmen and many Roman
Catholics were enrolled in defence of their country.
The Volunteers, as the name implies, were a purely
volunteer force — and, we might add, an absolutely
necessary force — considering the critical circumstances
of the times. Alas ! although they had come to be
called ' the glorious Volunteers,' their career ended
96 DONAGHMOKE
ingloriously. When the work for which they were
raised had become a fait accompli, many of them began
to suffer from ' swollen heads,' and manifested tenden-
cies of a rebel natm-e — for example, a corps at Lough-
brickland, which had to be suppressed. When deserted
by their legitimate leaders and become the prey of
irresponsible demagogues, they were simply a menace
to the State, and forming themselves into secret
societies and being drilled in arms, they caused much
turmoil and alarm throughout the country.
It is too tempting not to refer to one notable
' swollen head,' and that too of a bishop ! (so expanded,
The Bishop ^^ ^^ ^^ ^''^ feared, that his mitre became
of Derry useless). We refer, of course, to the
and the eccentric Bishop of Derry (Frederick
Volunteers, ^^^g^g^us Hervey— Earl of Bristol). His
lordship conceived the idea in his noble brain that
he was the ' unchallenged leader ' of the Volunteers
(1783), and that in all probabihty he was to be the future
king of Ireland ! Froude tells us : ' This absurd
person still clung to the dream of a separate Ireland of
which he was to be king, and his admirers in the North
fooled him to the top of his bent.' As a simple pre-
liminary to his kingly honours, the bishop arrived in
A Volunteer ^^^^^^^ ^^ *^® ^i"^® of the memorable
Convention Volunteer Convention in 1788 (a kind of
andGjrgeousParhament to 'command the destinies of
rocession. j^.^ij^j^^j '■) accompanied by his suite —
almost regal in its splendour and magnificence.
The Cabinet had reconmiended that the Convention
should be prevented, even by force if necessary ; but
the Privy Council was averse to the idea of the Govern-
DONAGHMORE PARISH 97
uient iuterieiing to prevent the meeting, so it was
held. The ambitious bishop fully expected his
election to the presidency of the ' Parhament,' and his
elevation to the ' High Kingship of Ireland,' but, alas
for the poor man, neither honour came his way ! How-
ever, for one brief space he doubtless enjoyed to his
heart's content the rapture, at least, of clasping to his
bosom honours which after all were not to be his,
namely, while he sat in state as the central figure in
the gorgeous procession which graced the streets of
Dubhn previous to the Convention. Froude thus
graphically describes the scene : ' He (as yet only the
Lord Bishop, the Earl of Bristol) sat in an open landau,
drawn by six horses magnificently apparelled in
purple, with white gloves, gold fringed, and gold
tassels dangling from them, and buckles of diamonds
on knee and shoe. His own mounted servants, in
gorgeous liveries, attended on either side of his carriage.
George Robert Fitzgerald rode in front, with a squadron
of dragoons in gold and scarlet uniforms, on the
finest horses which could be bought in the land, a
second squadron brought up the rear in equal splendour,
and thus, with slow and regal pace, the procession
passed on. Volunteers falling in, with bands playing
and colours flying, the crowd shouting " Long hfe to
the bishop ! " the bishop bowing to the crowd. Passing
through College Green, the Right Reverend Earl paused
at the door of the Parliament House. The dragoons
halted. The trumpets were blown. The Lords and
Commons, who had just finished prayers, came out to
pay their respects, and gaze on the extraordinary scene.
The bishop saluted ; the bishop's guard presented
98 DONAGHMORE
arms ; and the band struck up the Volunteers' March,
and having thus, as he supposed, produced a proper
impression, the august being waved his hand.' i
As their subsequent history proved, ' the powers
that be,' and the country, had enough of the Volun-
teers, and consequently the government were obhged to
revive the MiUtia, a crown force, to which
The Militia. j)Q^g^gjj^^Qj.g contributed its quota of men
and money. [In regard to local transactions re the
Militia (1795-7), or events not recorded elsewhere,
we beg to refer the reader to the vestry minutes-
commencing 1772.]
Possibly a few inquisitive readers may be solici-
tous to know a little concerning the present inhabitants
Present °^ Donaghmore— if only through curiosity ;
Inhabitants but it is extremely dif&cult to impartially
of Donagh- portray ourselves, being an interested party,
^'^^^' and doubtless when we have done our
best, having totally banished our natural bias in
the circumstances, some old cynic, or jealous critic
of a neighbouring parish, will be found to exclaim in
the words of the rustic poet :
0 wad some Pow'r the giftie gie us
To see oursels as ithers see us ! '
Donaghmore is a purely agricultural parish, and
as such is considered one of the best in the county of
Down. The parish has long been noted
for its interest in agricultural pursuits
and its successful farming operations, It had
its farming society (a branch of the North-East
Farming Society) so far back (at least) as 1835 ;
1 The Emjlish in Ireland, vol. ii. p, 416.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 99
and here the reader will pardon our digression in
reverting to a bit of ancient history.
An ' Annual Cattle Show and Plowing Match '
was held under the auspices of the Donaghmore
Farming Society, after which the committee of manage-
ment and their friends usually partook of a sumptuous
^^ dinner as a pleasant ' wind-up ' to the pro-
Agricultural ceedings of the day. One of these social
Dinner-party functions, however, we regret to state, had
^ '^^' itself a very unpleasant ' wind-up ' (as
we shall see), viz. that after a 'plowing match' at
James Carswell's farm (Fourtowns), on February 16,
1835. The dinner-party was given in the evening of
the same day at the Five Mile House. Thomas
Marshall (Buskhill) occupied the chair on the occasion,
when the following toasts were proposed and duly
honoured : ' The Queen and Royal Family ' ; ' The Lord
Lieutenant and Prosperity to Ireland ' ; ' The Health
of Arthur Innes, Esq., the worthy and munificent
President of the Branch, and speedy recovery and safe
return home ' ; ' The Health of Trevor Smithson and
Isaac Corry, Esqrs., the worthy and valuable Vice-
Presidents of the Society.' About this stage of the
proceedings (eight o'clock) the festive and peaceful
scene was suddenly changed into one of alarm and con-
fusion. According to our report, it seems a large
crowd had gathered in front of the house, and without
note or warning, made ' an atrocious and wanton
attack ' on the agricultural dinner-party — ' one man
being killed and several desperately wounded.' The
mob, with frightful shrieks and constant volleys of
stones, kept up the attack till 9.30 o'clock, ' completely
demohshing the windows, sashes, and shutters of the
H 2
100 DONAGHMORE
house.' The pohce by this time arrived on the
scene, and having been obhged to use their rifles to
quell the riot, one man in the crowd was shot dead.
No reason whatever was assigned for the attack,
which we are informed was ' a premeditated and
dehberately planned scheme.' ^
Legal proceedings ensued at Downpatrick (August 5),
when eleven men were indicted for ' assault and riot '
— four of whom received twelve, and seven, six months'
imprisonment.
Donaghmore has no longer its Farming Society,
Cattle Show, or ' agricultural dinner-parties ' — nor
even a riot ! — -yet our farming operations and ' dining
capacities ' are still fine arts.
The principal crops grown in the parish are
oats, flax, potatoes, turnips, hay, and (in Glen) wheat.
We boast of a number of model farmers who possess
very up-to-date agricultural implements, and who
farm on the most approved principle ; but we forbear to
mention names, not wishing to make invidious dis-
tinctions. 0\ving chiefly to the expense of labour,
and the scarcity of those who engage in such pursuits,
a few of the farmers have turned their attention to
dairying and stock-raising, including sheep, of the best
breeds.
Although engaged in these humble but laudable
pursuits, and hving far away from the ' madding
Characteris- crowd,' yet most of US entertain a fairly
tics— Self- high opinion of ourselves, while we con-
esteem, sider that we are each ' a citizen of no
mean city.' This good opinion of ourselves
' Newrij Telegraph, February 20, 1835.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 101
(which doubtless others may misname self-conceit,
though with us it is simply a form of self-
respect) and of our ' dwelhng-place ' enables us to
comport ourselves accordingly, and to ' carry a high
head ' ! True, few of us were born to any great estate ;
and certainly none of us (as yet) have had greatness
thrust upon us, yet generally (with a few exceptions)
we make the most of ourselves, considering it to be the
aim of every one (in the words of Jean Paul Richter)
' to make as much out of oneself as could be made
out of the stuff.' Apart, however, from the ' stuff '
with which Providence may have bountifully or other-
wise endowed us, and while averse to the bad manners
of ' blowing our own trumpet,' and chary of hurting
the sensitive feelings of less favoured communities,
it may be safely asserted, without fear of contradiction,
that we are a highly intelligent, hard-headed and
industrious people, and withal very soft-hearted and
extremely modest !
We are, moreover, a peaceful community among
ourselves, and so far as the outside world is con-
cerned we are dominated by the same
Qualities P^cific Spirit — unless, indeed, the attack be
one of aggression. We are totally obhvious
of the ' wars and rumours of wars ' which marked
our territorial days. We have ' clean forgotten '
all we have heard of the * Glynwood massacre,' while
old party and other feuds are largely effaced from
our memories, and indeed would have been entirely
obhterated, were it not for our anniversaries, held
respectively on July 12 and August 15, or it may be
the raking up of the chequered past by some petty
102 DONAGHMORE
chronicler. Our pacific intercourse is all the more to
our credit, considering our differences racially, religi-
ously and poHtically. We are truly a mixed race
(both here and elsewhere in Ireland), the
A Mixed descendants of the successive invaders
who conquered Ireland in past times,
and hence there are no ' real Irish ' in the parish —
such (the aborigines) having been totally an-
nihilated, we are told, soon after the flood, by a
ferocious Grecian chief called Partholon. This cruel
warrior and bis savage people held possession for about
300 years, when the Nemedians came along, and made
' short work ' of the Partholonians, and so on, with
the Formorians, the Firbolgs, the De Dananns, and
the Milesians, who in turn were conquered by the
Anglo-Saxons. But notwithstanding our mixture of
blood, or our inability to trace our descent from the
' real Irish ' (probably a race of dwarfs and cave-
dwellers, who are as dead as the dodo), or that we are
only the sons of colonists of a remote or later date,
we all are good Irishmen nevertheless, and uniting
in fervent love for Ireland, however poor and dis-
tracted or ' distressful ' she may be, we heartily sing
with the ' immortal poet ' :
' Sure an' this is Ireland,
Thank God for Ireland ! '
In religion, again, most of us seem to differ almost
as much as in race. In this respect, however, we are
. certainly more tolerant than in past times,
and many of us, at least, are beginning
to realise that the form is not the absolutely
DONAGHMORE PARISH 103
essential desideratum, and that (in the words of
Lord Avebury) ' Those to whom heaven is promised
in the Sermon on the Mount are the merciful,
the meek, the peacemakers, the pure in heart.' We
are well supplied with churches — having in our
midst two Roman Catholic, two Presbyterian, one
Church of Ireland, and a Methodist chapel (erected
in 1839 and served by a Newry minister). We are,
besides, favoured occasionally with a movable
' ecclesiastical ' structure in the shape of a tent,
accompanied by what is localh^ termed a ' tramp
preacher,'
These preachers, for the most part, seem quite
horrified at our pagan condition, and consider it their
solemn duty, as a mere preliminary, "to anathematise
with ' bell, book and candle ' the parishioners and their
pastors in general and the rector in particular. Having
set up their ' gospel-shop,' as it is called, they deal out
a free and easy ' salvation ' on the condition of ' faith
without works,' this ' faith ' being supposed to act
as a charm, by which the subject obtains ' salvation '
in the shape of a * fire-escape ' ! ' The preachers '
(who have not favoured us with a visit for a
long time) make but few converts in Donaghmore,
while those ' impressed ' generally * vert ' back to
type.
A Mormon missionary recently paid us a flying
visit (or rather some of the good-looking girls of the
parish, of which there is a vast number), but we have
the proud satisfaction of recording that the Mormon
went ' empty away,' ere even we had learnt of
his advent, otherwise we should have organised
104 DONAGHMORE
a Donaghmore Corps of Volunteers to ' speed the
parting guest ' !
We Donaghmore people are strong pohticians, and
here we never ' agree to differ,' Portion of us adopt
the principles of King Wilham, Prince of
Orange, others those of King James. The
memories of these monarchs are still held in fond remem-
brance in our midst — particularly that of King William
— whose great battle at the Boyne is annually fought
in mimic fashion in the neighbourhood, his forces
fighting like Trojans, when the good King, notwith-
standing the ' shot and shell ' and the ' fierce onslaught '
of his Jamesite enemies, ever comes off the victor ! Not
a few of us are quite ' advanced ' in our views on matters
political, while others are supposed to lag ' behind the
times.' The former glory in a new order which is fast
giving place to the old, while the latter wistfully look
back to a dying regime, and mournfully warble in
notes of other days, lines long out of date :
' God bless the squire and his relations,
And keep us in our proper places.'
To their credit be it told, the inhabitants of Donagh-
more speak the ' King's English ' remarkably well.
^^ Indeed, the English language is more cor-
rectly spoken in Ireland generally than
it is in England by people of the same class.
Of this any educated and unbiassed Enghshman will
soon be convinced, if, having visited Ireland, he
will compare the Enghsh spoken by the Irish
people generally with that, for example, expressed
in ' broad Yorkshire ' or in the dialect of Lancashire
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 105
and other places. The people of Donaghmore have
no ' Irish brogue ' in the proper acceptation of the
term, nor have they any ' dialect ' peculiar to them-
selves. They certainly speak better and more cor-
rectly than the people of North Down, or those in
some portions of County Antrim. We have an
' accent ' and intonation of voice not uncommon
elsewhere in Ulster, while a few of us use expressions
or words, at times, which are more or less in vogue
all over, especially in the north of Ireland. But these
words or phrases are frequently used only by way of
accommodation, being to us very expressive. Very
often such have no equivalents in the English language
which properly express the meaning they convey to
us, and hence we can only give an approximate
signification — in some cases adopting that given by
Joyce. 1
' Back-jaw,' impertinent or abusive talk.
' Blathers ' or ' Blethers,' nonsense. ' Blinked,' over-
looked with the ' evil eye.' ' Boast,' e.g. the hollow
portion of a tree produced by dry rot is ' boast.'
' Bold,' forward. ' Brave ' (intensively), ' a brave big
man '; or as denoting good health, in reply to ' How
are you ? ' (an old Enghsh usage), ' Bravely.' ' Dry,'
thirsty. ' Cailey,' a friendly evening call. ' Clash,' to
carry tales. ' Call,' a reason, e.g. ' I have no call (reason)
to do so and so.' ' Coof,' a fool. ' Clout,' a blow ;
also a rag. ' Cruel,' very ; e.g. ' cruel kind ' means
very kind. ' Daily-goin,' nightfall, or just after twilight.
' Didoes,' antics or tricks. ' Ditch,' a raised fence.
' Dour,' stern. ' Elder,' udder. * Elegant,' anything
' See English as we ipeak it in Ireland, cap. xiii.
106 DONAGHMORE
good or excellent of its kind, e.g. ' an elegant watch,'
and even ' an elegant pig ! ' We have not heard
the word used in Donaghmore in the sense apphed by
Lever— but then we have no Bradys :
' I haven't the janius for work,
For 'twas never the gift of the Bradys ;
But I'd make a most illigant Turk,
For I'm fond of tobacco and ladies.'
' Fari; portion of a griddle cake. ' Footer,' a
clumsy workman. ' Free,' affable. ' Galout,' a
clownish fellow. ' Galore,' abundance. ' Gawkish,'
a tall, awkward person. ' Glower,' to stare at.
' Hotherin ' or ' Hothery,' untidy. ' Gunk,' a take
in, ' sell,' or sudden disappointment. ' Income,' an
abscess. ' Kitterty,' a vain, empty-headed creature.
' Lusty,' corpulent. ' Meela murder,' ' a thousand
murders ' — a general exclamation of surprise, regret,
or alarm — the first part being from the Irish word,
mile (meela), a thousand (Joyce). ' A knowin',' a
very small quantity. ' Nagyer,' a very miserly per-
son. ' Newance,' novelty. ' Ornary,' ugly. ' Pelt,'
naked— without clothes. ' Quahty,' gentry. Any
imitation of such in dress, manner, or ' turn-out ' is
called a ' quahty touch.' ' Ructions,' fights or rows.
* Sconce,' an ' eye-servant,' or person who shirks his
work. ' Scut,' a mean fellow. ' Sheeler,' a man
who does women's work. ' Sheuch,' a hollow place,
generally alongside a fence and containing water.
' Shore,' the ' sea-side ' — we call Warrenpoint ' the
shore,' and a ' drain ' a ' shore ' ! ' Skelp,' a blow,
to give one or more blows ; to cut off a portion of
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 107
anything ; to run swiftly, e.g. ' I got a skelp ' ; ' I cut
off a skelp of wood ' ; ' skelp off to school ' (Joyce).
' Skite,' a silly, thoughtless creature — one who ' skites
about ' talking nonsense, and hence a ' Bletherum-
skite ' ! ' Sonsy,' lucky and thriving ; also ' well-
looking and healthy,' e.g. ' a fine, sonsy girl '—from
the Irish word sonas, luck (Joyce). ' Spalpeen,' a
scoundrel or rascal. ' Stoure,' dust. ' Thole,' to
endure. ' Through-other,' unmethodical. ' Wee-
men,' women. ' Wheen,' a few. ' Whist,' be
silent, ' hold your tongue.' ' Wit,' wisdom or sense
— the original meaning of the word. We seldom make
use of the following endearing epithets, and ' more is
the pity ' : Agra (my love), Alanna (my child), Aroon
(my dear), AstJiore (my treasure), CusJilamacree (pulse
of my heart), Mavourneen (my love).
The following terms or phrases are in frequent
use : ' Widow-woman ' and ' widow-man,' for widow
and widower. ' Boys, oh boys ! ' pronounced ' boys-a-
boys ! ' and often varied by the phrase ' boys-a-dear ! '
a favourite ejaculation in Ulster— when anything
wonderful is seen or has happened the ' boys ' are at
once called to witness, i.e. every male, for all are ' boys '
in the province, the aged man being only an ' ould
boy.' ' We don't mind,' i.e. we don't recollect ; but
there are two other meanings : (1) If offered a favour
and we reply, ' we don't mind,' it means we assent.
(2) If asked, do we wish the window shut in a railway
carriage, and say ' we don't mind,' it means we don't
care. ' Manys-the-time,' many times. ' Man-ahve ! '
an expression of wonderment. ' Be out of that with
ye,' get away. ' Kun,' e.g. ' run away to school,'
108 DONAGHMORE
which means simply ' go to school ' ; but we all ' run '
in Ulster ! 'Bad cess to you,' may ill luck betide
you. ' Cut your stick,' go away. ' I can't see a
stime,' I can't see the least bit. We are also rather
given to be redundant or excessive at times, and hence
one says : ' I will do it, so I will,' or ' You can
see it for yourself, so you can.' Nor are we above
making a ' bull,' and so we speak of a man being
' killed dead ' ; but we only wish to be accurate — that
is all !
In regard to our Donaghmore manners, it may be
safely asserted that, for the most part, they are de-
cidedly Ulsterian, which means they are
somewhat brusque and unpoHshed. Hence
some may consider us a trifle blunt ; but this is
largely owing to our downrightness, and what
we are pleased to call our ' honesty and manly
independence.' We mean, however, to be civil, and
indeed polite, in our own way, with httle form
or ceremony, while beneath what some may deem a
rugged exterior there are warm hearts and strong
affections. We regard v^ith some indifference the
outward form — the grace, dignity, and courtesy —
which characterise what are called ' people of refine-
ment,' and consider that these gifts or acquirements
may be not only superficial but deceptive, and hence
it is what is said or done, and not how it is said or
done, that is alone deserving notice. Here, however,
we may be, and doubtless are, wholly wrong. The
bluntest of us must acknowledge that the charm of
fine manners is irresistible, and that they are gifts
and graces which it is absolute nonsense to depreciate.
DONAGHMOKE PARISH 109
However much we decry them, they certainly charm
and delight us in themselves, while at the same time
we are surely bound to consider them as the honest
signs or symbols of something higher and deeper —
viz. of character, feehngs, and thoughts — which we
have no right to call in question. Fine manners are
inestimable, and have more to do with our happiness
and that of others, and, too, our success in hfe, than
we are sometimes inclined to think. Lord Avebury
reminds us of the old proverb that ' Manners makyth
man,' while he tells us it is ' doubtless true that many
a man has been made by his manner and many ruined
by the want of it.' In this connection the old words
of Sterne are deep with meaning and significance :
* Hail, ye sweet courtesies of hfe ! for smooth do ye
make the road of it, hke grace and beauty, which beget
inclinations to love at first sight : 'tis ye who open
the door, and let the stranger in.'
In regard to our forms of salutation it should be
stated that they are much the same, and are as cordial,
as those of most country-folk of our hfe
SalutaUoii ^^^ Station. Our ' hand-shake ' is hearty,
and in many cases borders on a ' squeeze '
— thus denoting our extreme warm-heartedness !
Most of us bow to our acquaintances, in the usual
graceful fashion, while a few, if they move the
head at all, suddenly jerk it to one side, and
with the ' side-nod ' is bluntly uttered the kind
wish, ' Good-morrow ' — which doubtless includes the
' to-day ' as well, and every ' to-morrow ' afterwards.
Of the two good forms of salute (if sitting) in vogue
among our polite ancestors, the Moycovians, to
no DONAGHMORE
immediately ' stand up ' or ' raise the knee,' in the
presence of our superiors (though we seldom meet
such), we adopt the former only, rightly considering
it the more respectful, and besides, had we both,
we should doubtless be obliged to make invidious
distinctions !
Hence it troubles us little ' Wlio's \\lio ' —
whether King or Bishop— & problem which deeply con-
cerned our forefathers — especially those of theiu who
were lawyers or Brehons. We may note, however,
that these old legal luminaries completely solved
the problem — at least to their own satisfaction and
doubtless that of the Episcopate ; though probably
some of the kingly array regarded the solution with
disapproval, but gave way — on religious grounds only.
The question is asked in the Brehon law tract, ' Crith
Gabhlach,' and the solution duly recorded thus :
' Which is higher, a King or a Bishop ? ' Answer :
' The Bishop is higher, because the King stands up
(to salute him) on account of rehgion ' ; and then
follows the sentence — ' A Bishop, however, raises his
knee to a King.' • In those good old times the Irish
generally sat on very low seats — probably something
resembling Scotch ' creepies ' (of which there are still
a few specimens in Donaghmore), and thus in attempt-
ing to rise they would naturally be obhged to draw in
one foot, which had the effect of ' raising the knee.'
This atteynpt to rise, and ' raising the knee ' thereby,
was considered a mark of respect, but to ' stand up '
was deemed a much higher act of regard and
reverence.^
' See Joyce, vol. ii. p. -189.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 111
Most of us in Donaghmore doubtless believe that
we are not superstitious ; and yet some of us have
a vague behef which betrays a lurking
tions!^ ^~ anxiety that it is wise to be on the safe
side when our luck is at stake. We also
dread an ' evil omen ' and feel happier when such por-
tends good — thinking that, after all, there may be
something in it ! For example, we deem it unlucky to
' flit ' on Friday — ' a Friday's flit ' being ' a short sit.'
We dread breaking a mirror, which is supposed to
bring bad luck in all we do for seven years, while to
hatch chickens under a ' fairy-bush ' means death
to the brood ' one and all ' !, We hke to fall ' going
upstairs,' for that is a sure sign of a wedding to the
unmarried, though such were as old as Methuselah ! A
marriage in May is fatal. It is an ill omen, on first
occasions, to see the new moon through glass, or to
hear the cuckoo before breakfast, the latter portend-
ing death that year. It is a bad omen to see a single
magpie, most of us prefer two or three ; as for four,
well, it all depends on circumstances ! The old rhyjne
aptly expresses our feehngs in regard to the number
we behold, though it fails to inform us that we must
make a profound bow to one or more as the case
may be :
' One for sorrow,
Two for mirth,
Three for a wedding,
Four for a birth.'
The return of the swallow is an omen of good things,
but woe betide the person who interferes with its nest.
112 DONAGHMOEE
or, again, the house into which flies the innocent Httle
robin redbreast.
The howhng of a dog at night is supposed to fore-
bode death or other calamity— especially the former ;
indeed this is a very old and widespread superstition,
having a rabbinical origin :
' In the rabbinical book it saith
The dogs howl when, with icy breath.
Great Sammael, the angel of death,
Takes thro' the town his flight.' i
Shakespeare's plays are full of the popular supersti-
tions of his time, many of such being still with us. At
the birth of the Duke of Gloucester we are told that :
' The owl shrieked — an evil sign ;
The night crow cried, aboding trickless tune.'
{King Henry Vl.)
Some of us consider the horseshoe a lucky posses-
sion, especially if properly placed, so that the luck may
' go up ' and not ' down.' In our peregrinations we
noticed twelve of these precious relics, ' properly
placed,' at the entrance to the Dv^naghmore Eectory
House, and being curious to know the result, were
curtly informed : ' effect — nil ' ! Again, some of us
dread to be gazed upon by those who are supposed to
possess what is called ' the evil eye,' which is sure to
bring misfortune. It is a fortunate circumstance there
is no such 'eye ' in Donaghmore, so far as we know ; but
just in order to make sure, we prefer our acquaint-
ances, when we meet, to wish us ' good day,' or should
^ Longfellow, Golden Leyend, iii.
DONAGHMOKE PAEISH 113
they inspect our cattle, to distinctly wish us ' good
luck,' for then, however evil the eye, the ' good luck '
goes out with the wish and cannot be withdrawn !
Akin to the power exercised by the ' evil eye ' is that
possessed by the 'witch' — an evil creature, who, by her
sorcery, bhghts almost everything she looks
Witchcraft. . , -m i xi
on or touches, formerly there were a
number of these evil-disposed creatures in Donagh-
more, but they are becoming beautifully less. Doubt-
less they have betaken themselves to ' pastures new '
through fright — one particular witch having met with
a somewhat cruel death. This witch, it seems, worked
untold misery on one poor woman, who informed the
writer that ' the good ' of her cows, and even her
hens, had gone ! She tried every means possible to
ward off the evil influence of the witch, but in vain.
A cow doctor was consulted, various charms were tried,
and even the Holy Book was read to the poor cattle,
but all to no purpose. The witch, however, at last
succumbed — thanks to the Newry Hunt ! It seems
she had the habit of changing herself into a hare
— the usual transformation of such creatures during
their evil expeditions. On three successive occasions,
while thus metamorphosed, she happened to encounter a
fine pack of hounds, called the Newry Harriers — with
the result, that, after good sport, on the third day the
' hare ' was killed ! We must state, however, that
being of a humane disposition, it was rather cruel of
the harriers, being doubtless abetted by the Master of
the Hunt, to Idll even a witch ! The proper and more
humane method in dealing with witches is to spare the
life, but deprive them of the power of sorcery ; and this
114 DONAGHMORE
can easily be done by a ' scratch,' which will ' draw the
blood of a witch, and she is harmless.' Shakespeare
knew the secret in his time : ' Blood will I draw on
thee ; thou art a witch ' (' King Henry VI.').
It would seem that the Donaghmore witches, in the
day of their power, were never very punctiHous about
keeping the Sabbath — a sorry contrast to a certain
community of the craft in England, who, we are credibly
informed, kept their Sabbath in a weird tavern, called
the ' Devil's Kitchen,' at Stanton Harcourt in Oxford-
shire. The poet Pope, who often visited Stanton
Harcourt, likened the kitchen to the forge of Vulcan,
where it was beheved the witches kept their Sabbath,
and were once a year visited by the devil, who provided
them with a feast of infernal venison — viz. a toasted
tiger stuffed with tenpenny nails !
Witchcraft is fast dying out in Ireland and else-
where, but it seems to have taken a long time to uproot
the superstition. A certain Pope in 1484 issued a Bull
against witches, but the edict must have had httle or
no effect, for since then no fewer than nine millions of
persons have suffered death for witchcraft.
In regard to Donaghmore ghosts, we are happy
to record that most of these spectres
have ' clean forsaken ' us, while the few
who remain are quite harmless.
The ' Church Road Ghost ' was long the terror of the
inhabitants. It nightly appeared in the shape of a
black dog with its tongue of flame exposed, and emit-
ting fiery sparks. We are glad to note that this
ghost has not been seen for a long time, and hence
must have departed ; but there is this pecuharity in
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 115
the case, that it must have gone of its own accord —
not having been ' laid ' !
Then we had the ' Phantom Knock Ghost,' as it
was called. This ' spiritual ' gentleman usually an-
nounced his presence by three loud knocks at the
front-door of a certain house, which shook the whole
dwelling, and caused the china and glass to rattle as
though broken to pieces ; but no harm was done ! A
servant usually opened the door in all due haste — for
the knocking seemed imperative — as demanding an
immediate entrance — but, lo and behold, nothing was
to be seen ! The ghost had fled, doubtless in high
glee that he had played such a fine trick !
Next, our parish had for a considerable time the
' White Ghost ' — in the shape of a tall, graceful lady,
usually seen marching to and fro on a certain avenue
leading to a particular mansion — never speaking to the
passer-by, but ever pacing in silence and sadness her
wonted path. She, so long the terror of the nocturnal
pedestrian, though perfectly harmless, has also de-
parted. We are credibly informed that she and the
' Phantom Knock ' apparition were ' laid,' through the
kind offices of the parish priest, about the same time.
It seems what is called the ' Sneezing Ghost '
remains with us, at least during the winter season !
though we have never seen him or heard his sternuta-
tions. This gentleman, somewhat old and feeble,
keeps to the same house and one particular room —
and when he thinks the household fast asleep, he gives
several loud sneezes — as though he were suffering, poor
man, from a bad cold in his head ; but otherwise he
gives no annoyance, which is a great matter.
I 2
116 DONAGHMOEE
But our Donaghmore spectres are poor things com-
pared with what was called the ' Edenmore Ghost ' —
not far from here. This ghost was a terror while it
flourished, and was, moreover, enormous in its pro-
portions. On its expeditions it occasionally spread
out its great wings and flew over Edenmore — Hke a
huge aeroplane — which seemed to cover the whole
townland, producing not only * deep darkness ' but
a horrible feehng of suffocation ! This ghost, so long
the fear and dread of ' all ranks and conditions ' in the
important * town ' of Edenmore, was at length laid
by ' his Reverence ' of the time, and has never since
been seen or felt in the district. It seems passing
strange that so few of our parsons have tried their
hands in this respect, while ' his Reverence ' seems
to have been so successful, and at the same time getting
all the credit. It is not, of course, from any inabihty
on their part — at least according to the authority of
an old woman who credibly informs us that ' all the
clargy have the power of putting down ghosts if they
would only use it ! '
We have heard of one parson, at least, and that a
certain Archbishop of York, who exorcised a ghost
very successfully. He was staying at a great house,
and having slept in ' the haunted room,' there was
naturally eager expectation at breakfast next morning,
to know what he saw. Sure enough his Grace laid his
archiepiscopal eyes on the ghost— an old sallow-
looking man with bent figure and long white hair,
who knocked at his door shortly after midnight—
and was pohtely invited to enter. The Archbishop
immediately rose to receive his guest, whom he thus
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH 117
addressed : ' Do you belong to the house, and are you
a parishioner ? ' — to which queries the ghost nodded
assent. ' Well, I am anxious to build some new schools,'
added the most reverend prelate ; ' will you give me a
subscription ? ' when the ghost at once vanished, and,
it seems, ' for good and all ' !
A brave old gentleman— with longish legs— was
determined to sleep in a certain * haunted room,'
with his revolver under his pillow in order to despatch
' the ghost ' if such appeared. After some time he
looked, and behold, two strange ' hands ' (as he
thought) visibly appeared at the foot of the bed. He
was naturally terrified, but calm and collected, so he
gave the order : ' Begone, or I fire at once ! ' The
ghostly hands never moved ; so he fired, and ' lo and
behold,' shot off his own two feet !
The following is vouched for as a true ghost
story. The victim, we are told, was spending the
Christmas of 1909 with his friends in the country, who
informed him that he would have to occupy ' the
haunted room,' and being a man of polite disposition
and, moreover, of dauntless courage, he consented.
Of course he saw— or rather heard and felt — the ghost.
All went well until he was asleep, when, we are told,
he was awakened by the door opening, and became con-
scious that a figure had entered the room. Suddenly
he felt a small hght-weighted object put on his legs.
He held his breath, thinking a practical joke was being
played. The figure retired an instant, and then
returned, when another weight was deposited on the
coverlet. This operation was repeated for half an
hour, until he was covered with various objects of
118 DONAGHMOEE
unknown specific gravity. From presence of mind
or from frozen terror, he is unable to say which, he
never stirred, though he remained awake for the rest
of the night. When dawn broke he found that the
butler, walking in his sleep, had laid the four-posted
bed with a dinner-service of twenty-four converts !
Some very good people among us firmly beheve
in ghosts — ^while others as strongly protest that there
are no such things. The writer has not expressed his
opinion, though he has carefully weighed the evidence
on either side. Addison tells us how certain people
are ' terrified even to distraction at the figure of a tree,
or the shaking of a bullrush,' and hence he looks upon
' a sound imagination as the greatest blessing in hfe —
next to a clear judgment and a good conscience.'
And yet Addison beheved in the presence of spirits,
though unseen ; for he goes on to say : ' For my own
part, I am apt to join in opinion with those who believe
that all the regions of nature swarm with spirits, and
that we have multitudes of spectators on all our actions
when we think ourselves most alone.' He further
quotes Milton in confirmation of his belief :
' Millions of spiritual creatures walk the earth
Unseen, both when we wake and when we sleep.' i
Although there may still be, even for this enhghtened
age, much superstition of various kinds among us,
yet after all it is infinitely small (thanks to our Holy
Faith), as compared with that of our pagan ancestors,
who considered Ireland the special home of demons,
ordinary ghosts and other spectres, and that the very
^ Spectator, No, 12 (Arnold), pp. 11, 12.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH 119
atmosphere swarmed with all kmds of reptiles and veno-
mous creatures, wounding both men and animals with
their deadly stings. ' What with De Dannan gods, with
war-gods and goddesses, apparitions, demons, sprites
of the valley, ordinary ghosts, spectres, and gobhns,
fairies of various kinds — sheevras, leprechauns, ban-
shees, and so forth — there appears to have been quite as
numerous a population belonging to the spiritual world
as of human beings. In those old pagan days, Ireland
was an eerie place to live in : and it was high time
for St. Patrick to come.' ^
' Joyce, Social History, vol. i. p. 274.
CHAPTEB III
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE
DoNAGHMORE cliurcliyard is a place of much historical
interest and brings us back to a rude though interest-
ing age in the annals of Ireland. As a
Churchyard. Cemetery, undoubtedly, ni pagan times and
during all the centuries of the Christian
era ; as the centre of a large souterrain, the site of a
huge rath, and the sacred spot where stands a fine
old Celtic Cross, the symbol of our faith, it affords a
rich mine for the antiquary and historian, and we are
only sorry that another pen than that of an amateur
has not been found to do it and other places of
interest in the parish the justice they deserve.
The large souterrain (or set of caves) has its centre
in the churchyard, from which several branches extend
in different directions. The lintel to the
SouterraiiL i^^^in entrance is the large stone which
forms the base of the old Celtic Cross
which stands a few yards south of the church.
Underneath the cross is the central chamber, wliich
is sixty-two feet long, three feet wide, and up-
wards of four feet high — with branches in the form
of transepts about thirty feet in length. From these
again, several sections extend for a considerable length
into the precincts of the church}' ard — south-east, south-
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 121
west, and one clue north terminating at the Glebe
House (a distance of 200 yards) underneath the study
floor, where, according to tradition, some rich old vicar
in past times fashioned the extreme end into the
dimensions of a wine cellar, which is still in perfect
condition, though it has contained no ' relic ' of an
alcoholic nature for ' many a long day ' !
These branches vary in size, from upwards of five
feet high by five feet wide, tapering to equal dimensions
in height and width — viz. three feet — when the en-
trance to another chamber is found, formed on a similar
principle. One of these entrances in the northern
section was opened and the branch explored some years
since by the writer, when a number of people interested
in antiquarian pursuits visited the place and were
deeply impressed, though no relic of any description
was found in the cave. It is said that the section run-
ning south-east, which was explored many years
since, suggests a formation resembling a tradesman's
compass — while the branch in the south-western
direction, examined at the same time, consists of three
chambers which are zigzag, and resemble a staircase
laid on its side. These caves are built entirely of
unworked field stones without mortar or other
cement. The upper rows slightly project in the
shape of an arch, and are covered by slabs or large
stones — one of which, when measured, was found to
be four feet square.
The souterrain and sections were discovered in
August 1837, when workmen were employed in lowering
a hill on the Church road adjoining the churchyard.
It seems that several interesting relics were found on
122 DONAGHMORE
the occasion, and handed to Isaac Glenny of Glenville,
who was fond of antiquarian research. A different
story, however, is recorded on local authority to
the effect that a Donaghniore knave, having been
apprised of the antiquary's visit, arrived first on the
scene, deposited an old defaced penny in one of the
cavities, and pretending to find it during the inspection,
handed it to the explorer as an ancient relic some 2000
years old, from whom he received the handsome reward
of a half-sovereign for the precious (?) metal. The
Donaghmore churchyard caves are for the most part
underneath the site of a great rath, perfectly flat,
and somewhat oblong in form, the outlines of which
are now very faintly visible. Souterrains have also
been discovered in the townlands of Ballymacaratty-
beg 1 and Cargabane in Donaghmore parish.
The late Rev. John Elhot of Armagh, formerly
Presbyterian minister of Donaghmore, furnished the
following account of the cave in the former
Souterrldn. townland, and exliibited a rehc found on
the occasion of its discovery at the Quarterly
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Antiquaries on
August 6, 1884 :
' The Rev. John Elliot exhibited a stone bearing
inscribed scorings, found in a subterranean chamber,
or earth house, in a hs or rath at Donaghmore. Though
somewhat resembhng Oghams, the scores are of that
more ancient class of scribings to the meaning of which
as yet no clue has been found. Mr. Elhot made the
following remarks on the subject : " A farmer in the
' The ' Fourtowns ' district of the parish.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 123
townland of Ballymacaratty, parish of Donoughmore,
county Down, removed a lis or fort from his farm
during the time of my residence in that parish.
It was one of the saucer-shaped earthen forts, hollow
in the centre and surrounded by a ring. In this ring
was a cave formed of stones, with a deep covering of
earth. I was present at the opening and it afforded
no appearance of ever having been tampered with
before. The cave was thirty-six feet long, of course
following the same circular inclination as the ring of
the fort. At the end, opposite, it was 4 feet 9 inches
wide at the bottom, and 5 feet 6 inches high at the
larger end, and decreased to 3 feet in height. The
dry stones of which the walls were built, were inclined
inwards till at the top they were about 2 feet apart,
and the covering consisted of large flat stones laid over
these. The whole cave gradually decreased in height
and width till a single stone closed the entrance. The
stone which I now exliibit to the Association was one
of the foundation stones in this cave, with the scrapings
exactly as they are on this stone now, and as they are
represented in the accompanying engravings." ' ^
The cave in Cargabane townland was discovered
about thirty years ago, when it was ' explored ' by a
few persons in the district. We are in-
Cargabane f^^.^-^^Q^i j^y q^q of those who inspected it on
Souterrain. , . i , ,i , • • ■
the occasion that thesouterram varies in
height and width from 2 feet to 2 feet 9 inches. One
chamber runs due north from the entrance, and an-
other south, while the stonework is inferior to that
Ej£traot from R. S. A. Journal, vol. iv. -ith Series, pp. 370-1.
124 DONAGHMOEE
found in caves of larger dimensions. It seems a relic
was fomid in this cave when discovered resembling, in
local phraseology, ' a wee crock.' It remained in the
possession of a neighbouring farmer for many years,
and we are informed was eventually sold to a pedlar
who was ' collecting for a gentleman ! '
Doubtless there are many other ' caves ' in the
parish of which we have no record, though the names
of certain places seem to denote their existence, viz.
' Cave (or Cove) Field,' ' Cave Knoll ' and ' Cave Hill.'
Fort chambers and other souterrains, where no
rath exists, are found all over Ireland. In certain dis-
tricts they abound as compared with others
Souterraiiis — ^^g^ Jq^. example, the district round Connor
Description. (^0- Antrim), which is said to be ' honey-
combed with souterrains.' Souterrains are
generally built on the same principle, though they
vary in shape, those south of Ulster being of a more
circular and elaborate type — with corbelled roof. All
seem, however, to possess some common charac-
teristics. The entrance and doorways between the
several chambers are generally small and somewhat
cunningly concealed, while there is no trace of mortar
or design in the shape of an arch, and the stone used
is rough and unhewn. Souterrains are always found
underground except where there is an earthen fort,
when they are in the mound. In Donaghmore church-
yard, however, the rath having no mound, the
souterrains are of course underneath the flat surface.
[Note. — In Ireland the popular name for subter-
ranean retreats is ' caves ' or ' coves ' ; in Scotland,
* weems,' but the correct designation is souterrain.]
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 125
It should be stated that souterrains are not always
* rath chambers,' for ' in many instances there is no
evidence to connect them with forts.' i The cave of
Finn McCoull, in Glenshesk, co. Antrim, is a type of
such souterrain. Miss E, Andrews, who has minutely
inspected this cave, informs us that there is no
trace of a fort as having existed or any other inequality
to mark the spot.- Mr. Westropp describes a very fine
cave (with beehive-cell roof) which hes under the
graveyard of Killala Cathedral — being the souterrain
of a large rath in which the church was founded.^
The cave in Donaghmore graveyard is similarly placed,
while evidently the church was also founded in a rath,
the centre of which was the main entrance to the
souterrain.
Most probably some petty chieftain resided here
in pagan times, and on his conversion and that of his
family and retainers to Christianity — as was quite
usual — the ' establishment ' became a sort of religious
community, the church being founded within the
enclosures.
The best authorities inform us that souterrains
were human abodes or safe retreats in times of danger,
and receptacles for the storing of food
Soute^ains. ^^^ ^^^^^ personal property. We read in
Holy Scripture that Saul took refuge from
David in a cave ; that Obadiah took an hundred
prophets during the Jezebel persecution and hid them
by fifty in a cave — where they subsisted on the
' Westropp, Ancient Forts of Ireland, p. 90.
" ' Traditions of Dwarf Races in Ireland,' The Antiquary, October
1909.
^ Ancient Forts of Ireland, p. 90.
126 DONAGHMORE
scant fare of bread and water, and that Elijah fled
from Jezebel and hid in a cave in Horeb.
These were probably natural caves, which we
know abounded in the East. We have, however, the
following particular instances specified where caves
as abc '.gs of security in times of peril were made by the
hands of man :— ' The hand of Midian prevailed against
Israel : and because of the Midianites the children of
Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains,
and caves, and strong holds ' (Judges, vi. 2). A Scan-
dinavian record (' Landnama-bok ') informs us that
about the year 870 a celebrated Norse chief named
Leif went on warfare in the West. ' He made war in
Ireland and there found a large underground house ;
he went down into it, and it was dark until light shone
from a sword in the hand of a man. Leif killed the
man and took the sword and much property.' i
Harris cites Giraldus Cambrensis (' Conquest of
Ireland,' lib. ii. c. 21) as showing that the Irish
also hid their corn in caves.- In the Dindsenchas
we are told that Finn, having found certain raiders
hidden in a cave, ' dug them out,' only one having
escaped — ' for there is no destruction without at least
one fugitive,' while Cormac's ' Glossary ' informs us
that Nede pursues Caier with dogs into a fort where he
is secreted under a flag-stone.'^
It will naturally be asked : Wlio were the builders
of our souterrains found here and elsewhere ? Such
Quoted by MacRitchie, Fians, Fairies and Picts, p. 28.
History of Down, p. 198.
See Westropp, Ancient Forts of Ireland, p. 88,
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 127
is an interesting question, to the antiquary at least,
and one, too, of much speculation. Several writers
of undoubted authority inform us of a primitive dwarf
race of people who dwelt in hollow mounds or actually
underground, and who, it is to be inferred, were the
constructors of their habitations. Prominent among
this school of writers we refer to Mr. David MacEitchie
of Edinburgh — the author of a number of learned
treatises on the subject. In his book ' Fians, Fairies
and Picts ' (supposed to be ' wee people ') he regards
the Picts only to be historical, the Fians as legendary
if not mythical, and the Fairies to be absolutely unreal ;
wdiile he considers the popular conception of these little
folk (the Fairies) as ' simply the outcome of the imagina-
tion, working upon a basis of fact ' (p. 1). Our author
seems to consider the Picts to have been the builders
of the Scotch souterrains — a small people who dwelt in
houses wholly or partly underground. This dwarfish
race spread over the whole of Northern Europe (and
indeed other places) and are doubtless the dwarf tribes
referred to by Pliny as inhabituig ' the vague regions
of the North, designated Thule ' (p. 26).
The Scottish Picts were closely allied to the Irish
De Dananns — being of the same Scythian family.
The Dananns were, too, short in stature, and great
builders. In all probability they built habitations
after the fashion of their kinsmen, the Scottish Picts.
Subsequently the Scottish Picts colonised in Ireland
in large numbers (known here as Cruithnechs), and
we presume they constructed their houses here after
the pattern to which they had been accustomed.
128 DONAGHMOKE
On the ordnance map about twenty forts, including
sites of forts, are marked as existing in Donaghmore
at the time of the Survey— 1834. Most of
Donaghmore ^-^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ existence, though doubt-
less in ancient times there were many more.
Those we can trace are generally found on hills or
elevations, often in groups, in range, and within
sight of each other. Several of these forts are still
marvellously preserved and in good condition, although
the dwellers have gone for a long time, except of
course ' the gentry ' !
We have already stated that Donaghmore Church
was founded in a rath, which, it may be added,
embraced the present graveyard and the
Churchyard j^^jj oiling paddock and knoll— about an
acre and a half— but the outHnes are now so
faint that it is impossible to take measurements. In
fact the place is little more than a mere site of what
was once a large fort.
By far the finest in the parish is ' The Mount ' —
a fort (mote) in Drumiller townland, which in some
respects resembles the great rath ■ —
IJ^^® , ' Crown Mount ' — east of Newry, in minia-
Mount. . , , • n
ture. This handsome structure was ni all
probability one of the residences of the King of Magh
Cobha on the southern confines of his territory, another
being at Dromore, the northern boundary of his ' do-
minions.' The dimensions of this magnificent fort are :
' The Mount ' (inside the rampart) is sixty feet in height
(measuring the slope) ; the diameter on top is about
sixty feet ; the fosse is twelve feet inside ; the ram-
part is forty-two feet in height on the fosse side ;
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 129
the outside slope on south is sixty-one feet ; the cir-
cumference of the great rampart (measuring along the
top) is 600 feet. ' The Mount ' forms a promontory
on the south side, jutting into the Clanrye River' —
which flows around it on the east, south and west- —
some yards distant.
On the north the hill rises in equal proportion to
that of the rampart, but evidently the south side was
intended to be more defensive, overlooking (across the
river) a territory other than that of Magh Cobha.
The next rath in importance is that in Dromantine
demesne— called * Cooley's Fort.' This is an im-
mense fort, and still quite perfect con-
Fort'^^^ sidering its age and so forth. It has two
ramparts or rings, and there are some traces
of a third. The diameter of the outer rampart is
seventy-three yards, while that of the inner ring
is forty-five yards. The fosse or ditch is about
twelve feet wide and nearly fifteen feet in depth.
No mound exists within the inner rampart.
There was formerly a very large rath at Frankfort,
but most of it is now defaced and used for agricultural
P^^'poses. About seventy yards of the
rampart is still standing, and the same
length of the fosse, the breadth of which cannot be
obtained as the ground falls away for a distance of
some twenty yards, where there is a faint outline of
a second rampart. The portion of the rampart in
existence is close on six yards in height (measuring
the slope).!
* Cunningham's Fort,' in Aughentobber townland,
' These measurements and those that follow are approximate.
K
130 DONAGHMOEE
is a neat little rath covering half an acre, and used
' Cunning- ^^^ Cropping. It is quite flat in centre,
ham's and has one rampart. The diameter is
Fort.' seventy-six yards, while the rampart on
the west side is about four yards in height.
A small portion of ' Smith's Fort ' still remains in
Derrycraw townland ; but, unfortunately.
Fort'' ^ scarcely enough for measurements. This
fort was about sixty yards in diameter with
one rampart and fosse, a portion of which remains on
the western side.
* Thompson's Fort ' in Ballymacrattybeg is a
small rath in a fairly good state of preservation.
'Thomp- Diameter, forty-three yards ; one rampart,
son's inside, two yards in height, outside, five
Fort.' yards, where not effaced. The garth is
cultivated, but the ' fairy bush ' still stands.
' Goodman's Fort ' in Eingohsh is a fine httle
rath. Diameter, about thirty-six yards ;
Fort°' ^^"^ ^ western portion of rampart six yards in
height ; fosse four feet wide on west, but
more or less obliterated on east.
Annaghbane Fort is in a fairly good state of pre-
servation, and contains one half-rood —
ForT^ ^^^ cultivated. Diameter, forty-two yards ;
rampart, inside, twelve feet high, outside six
feet. The fosse is two yards wide and contains water.
In Ardkeeragh townland, bordering Annaghbane,
we find a large oval fort forty-six yards by thirty-six.
The great thick rampart, in which are
^rdieeragh ^^^ . ^^^^^ , .^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^ Evidently
there was a fosse, but the ground is now
cultivated up to the. rampart.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 131
About eighty yards distant stands another (small)
oblong fort, measuring thirty-five yards by twenty,
Ardkeeragh "^^^^^^ rampart twelve feet high, and small
♦ Bawn ' fosse. Tliis was doubtless the bawn or ' cow-
Fort, jjggp ' [t^ connection with the large oval
fort. 'At a Httle distance from the dwelling it was
usual to enclose an area with a strong rampart,
into which the cattle were driven for safety
by night. This was what was called a hadhuri
(bawn), i.e. " cow-keep " — from ha, pi. of ho, a cow,
and dun.' ^
' Kidd's Fort ' in Ringbane is a nice httle rath and
well preserved. It has two ramparts, with deep fosse
between, the width of which is much
' Kidd 8 greater than that of most forts of its size.
The diameter of inner rampart is forty-four
yards. The fosse is about twelve feet wide ; and on
the east side the ramparts are some fifteen feet in
height. The fosse was formerly planted with a double
row of trees, of which few remain, and ' more is the
pity ' ; otherwise it would have made a good circular
' carriage- drive ' on a hot day !
There are several types of forts to be found in
Ireland, and elsewhere — e.g. in England, Wales,
Scotland and the Continent. The simplest
Forts— those which we find in the parish
Types. , . . . '■ .
of Donaghmore, consistmg of a cir-
cular or oval mound, with fosse or ditch, and
rampart. Variants of this type have a number
of ramparts up to seven, but two are the most
found here. Among the various types of forts
mentioned by Westropp are the wahed island or
' Joyce, Social History, vol. ii. p. 62.
k2
132 DONAGHMOEE
stone crannoge, the rock-fort, the rectangular or
straight-walled type, the promontory fort, the mote,
and so on.^
' Crown Mount ' or ' Crown Eath ' (Parish of Newry)
is a fine specimen of the mote. It mea-
' Crown sures 579 feet round the base, and across
Mount.
the top sixty-three by twenty-seven feet,
while the fosse is twenty-one feet in width, and the
annexe 130 feet square.
The number of forts found in Ireland is said to be
about 30,000 — 4,283 being in Ulster ; but, of course,
these figures furnish us with a very faint
Forts'^*^ °* conception of the number that existed in
ancient times, when the country was studded
over with raths, most of them being now obhterated
by cultivation.
The names generally apphed to these structures
are lis, rath, dun, and cathair — which was built of
Names stones. Some writers are of opinion that
applied to originally the rampart of the fort was
Forts. called the rath, while lis was applied to
the enclosure, though at present these terms are
interchangeable.
Forts were the fortified residences of the principal
Uses of famihes and their retainers in ancient
Forts— times when society was insecure, the ram-
Residential. p^^.^. ^-^j^^ fosse being for defence in case of
attack.
The house of the chief or lord (flath) was within
the rath and built of wood or wicker-work. Several
other houses were also within the enclosure for members
' Ancient Forts of Ireland, pp. 5, 6.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 133
of his family and retainers — built of the same material
as that of the lord — all being thatched with straw or
fern. ' We have distinct statements in our ancient
records that different members of the family had
distinct houses (and not apartments) within the same
rath, dun, lis, or cathair ; that the lord or master had a
sleeping-house, his wife a sleeping-house, his sons and
daughters, if he had such, separate sleeping-houses,
and so on, besides places of reception for strangers
and visitors.' ^
There was also the grianan, or summer-house, for
the women, and frequently one for the lord
Summer- iii^geif ; but all these houses and apart-
house. ...
ments were only found m connection with
large forts or duns.
A dun consisting of two ramparts, with a fosse for
water, is said to be the residence of a King or Eigh ; for
Dun— resi- ^^ '^^^ l^i^ down, by the ancient Irish laws,
dence of a that ' he is not a King who has not a Dun,
^*^g- and it is not a Dun without a King.' A
King was supposed to possess three such residences
as seats, otherwise he was considered a pauper.
' Every King is a pauper who hath not three chief resi-
dences ; a King is to have, i.e. three houses or three
duns.' ~ It should be stated, however, as a matter of
fact, that others besides kings possessed duns, and that
many old authorities apphed the terms rath, lis, and
dun to a fort of any description. The ancient law
strictly defined a dun thus : ' Dun, i.e. two walls with
' O'Curry, Manners and Customs, vol. iii. p. 70.
- See Introduction, O'Curry, Manners and Customs, p.
ccxxxviii.
184 DONAGHMOEE
water,' and of course any person who could afford
such a dwelUng was at hberty to have it, though
doubtless it would not be a true dun.
If we are to believe some old Irish tales, not a few of
these ancient residences were very magnificent abodes,
but doubtless the magnificence only existed in the
fertile imagination of the writers. 0' Curry refers to a
very ancient tale in the ' Leabhar na h-Uidhre,' which
set forth the magnificence of a great house (a dun)
supposed to be at Dundrum, County Down, owned by
a famous satirist, not inappropriately, as we shall
see, called ' Bricrind of the Poisoned Tongue,' who
flourished in the beginning of the first century, and
from whom, we are informed, Loch-Bricren, now called
Loughbrickland, received its name.^ According to the
tale, ' Bricrind of the Poisoned Tongue had a great
feast for Conchobar Mac Nessa (King of Ulster) and for
all the Ultonians. A full year was he preparing the
feast. There was built by him, in the meantime, a
magnificent house in which to serve up the feast. This
house was built by Bricrind at Dun-Rudhraidhe
(Dundrum), in likeness to (the house of) the Eoyal
Branch at Emain-Macha, except alone that his house
excelled in material and art, in beauty and gracefulness,
in pillars and facings, emblazonment and briUiancy,
in extent and variety, in porticoes and in doors, all the
houses of its time.' The house, we are informed, was
built on the plan of the great banqueting house of
Tara ; it contained nine couches from the fire to the
wall ; each had a gold- gilt bronze front, thirty feet in
' ' Bricren's Fort ' (his residence) still remains in the townland
of Brickland (called after him), close to Loughbrickland lake.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 185
height. Above all the others was a ' kingly couch '
built for King Conchobar in ' the front part of that
Kingly house . . . inlaid with carbuncles and other
brilliants besides, and emblazoned with gold and silver
and carbuncles, and the finest colours of all countries ;
so that day and night were the same in it,' &c. This
magnificent dun, however, well-nigh came to grief, as
we shall see. The great house having been built and
furnished and the princely feast prepared, Bricrind
invited King Conchobar and the nobles of Ulster and
their wives to partake of his repast — not, however, as
w^e are told, ' out of gratitude or hospitahty but simply
to gratify his mere love of mischief, and to work up a
serious quarrel, if possible, by exciting such a spirit of
envy and jealousy among the ladies, as would draw
their husbands into war with one another.' Bricrind
proceeded to Emain-Macha (the King's palace at
Armagh), where the Ultonians were holding a fair, and,
being well received, sitting at ' Conchobar 's shoulder,'
he thus addressed him : ' Come with me to accept
a banquet with me.' ' I am well pleased,' said the
King, ' if the Ultonians are pleased '—Conchobar
doubtless wishing to purchase silence from the * Poi-
soned Tongue ! ' Fergus MacRoigh and the nobles
of Ulster, however, answered : ' We will not go,
because our dead would be more numerous than our
living after we should be set at variance by Bricrind ' :
to which the latter rephed : ' That will be worse for ye
then, indeed, which I shall do to ye if ye do not come
with me.' Fearing the satirist, the invitation was
finally accepted ; but, as a precaution, it was advised
' to exact securities from him (Bricrind) ; and place
136 DONAGHMORE
eight swordsmen around him for the purpose of
conveying him out of the house when he has shewn
them the feast.' Bricrind gladly accepted the condi-
tions. The whole party went forth from Emain-Macha
(via Donaghmore, of course' — the direct route !) for
Dundrum, and on the way thither Bricrind commenced
his operations, which proved eminently successful !
Apart, and separately, he addressed the wives of the
kings aad chiefs with much the same flattering words,
impressing each with the fact that she alone was the
most beautiful, the greatest favourite, and the highest
in rank and precedence' — though as regards two great
dames in particular, if he extolled the one as the
fairest of the daughters of Erin, he lavished doubly
his plaudits on the other' — like the fair Helen
of old,
' She moves a goddess and she looks a queen.'
Thus he addressed 'the Ever-blooming Fedelm ' : 'Well
done this night, thou wife of Laeghaire Buadhach ;
it is no nickname to call thee Fedelm (the ever-bloom-
ing), because of the excellence of thy shape, and because
of thy intelligence, and because of thy family. Con-
chobar, the King of the chief province of Erinn, is thy
father, and Laeghaire Buadhach thy husband. Now
I would not think it too much for thee that none of
the women of Ulster should come before thee into the
banqueting house : but that it should be after thy heels
that the whole band of the w^omen of Ulster should
come, (and I say to thee that) if it be thou that shalt
be first to enter the house this night, thou shalt be
queen over all the women of Ulster.'
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOKE 137
Bricrind next addressed Lendabair, daughter of the
King of Farney, and wife of Conall Cearnach (the great
chan.pion), thus : ' Well done, Lendabair, it is no
nickname to call thee Lendabair (the favourite),
because thou art the beloved and desired of the men
of the whole world for the splendour and lustre (of
thy beauty). As far as thy husband excels the warriors
of the world in beauty and valour, thou excellest the
women of Ulster.' It is to be feared this eulogy put
the ' ever-blooming Fedelm ' in the shade ! And so on
in regard to the other dames of Ulster. The result
was disastrous, and King Conchobar's foreboding—
' This will be an evil night '■ — proved only too true.
Each chief was determined that his wife should be
first to enter the house, with the result that there
was a terrible melee and the poor dun badly damaged.
The doors had to be closed, but so determined were
these warriors (we are told) that they rushed suddenly
at the wooden wall of the house, and knocking a
plank out of it, brought in their wives, while another
raised up a portion of the house ' so that the stars of
heaven were visible from beneath the wall ! ' Bri-
crind's grianan (summer-house) was laid prostrate on
the ground, while he and ' his wife were cast into the
mire, among the dogs ! ' Bricrind requested the
Ultonians to restore his house to its original position,
it being inclined to one side. The Ulster champions
tried their hands to restore its balance, but in vain.
At length, however, the valiant Cuchulainn, we are
told, by his own strength alone, restored the house to
its perpendicular .1
' Manners and Customs, vol. iii. pp. 17-21.
188 DONAGHMOEE
But to return to our subject, besides their main use as
fortijBed residences, forts were used for other purposes.
Much evidence is furnished by authorities
Cemeteries ^^ showing that they were anciently used as
cemeteries. Indeed, ' Burial in one's fort or
house was an ancient and widespread custom.' Old
documents record the burial of King Eremon in the
fort of Tara, of Crimthan in his fort at Howth, and that
the remains of 10,000 soldiers were interred in the rath
of Cnamross— while the body of King Laegaire was
' interred with his arms of valour, in the south-east of
the external rampart of the Eath Laegaire at Temur
(Tara).' .^ Eelics found in forts and their souterrains
also point to their use as cemeteries. About seventeen
Ogham inscriptions have been discovered in souterrains.
One of these was recently found on the roofing stones
of a cave at Carnacomb near Connor, the readings sup-
posed to be ' Caig, son of Fobrach.' Close to a souter-
rain, near Larne, we have the graves of two giants, the
larger of which is thirty-two feet long, both graves
doubtless having been within the enclosures of an
ancient rath.^ An urn was found in the ' Dane's
Mound ' (a mote) at Waringstown, when explored
in 1684, while human skeletons and other traces
of burial have been discovered in many of our
forts.
Forts for the most part ceased to be used as ceme-
teries after the introduction of Christianity, when it
^ See Westropp, Ancient Forts, p. 64, and Joyce, Social History,
vol. ii., p. 551.
- Mrs. Hobsou, Ulster Souterrains.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOKE 139
became customary to set apart and consecrate burial
places other than pagan.
Funeral games, Parliaments, horse-racing, and
T, , fairs (as we have seen) were held at forts in
Jborts as ^ '
Places of ancient times — while they were, too, a
Assembly, convenient centre for marriage and its
°" preliminaries.
Several large forts formed the centre of the great
fair of Tailltenn (Telltown). This fair, it seems,
which was the most famous of Irish aenachs
Fair of Jqj^. j^g sports, and lasted for three days, was
railltenn. , , , , - , , n
attended by vast numbers of people from all
parts of Ireland, and even Scotland. According to the
Four Masters the last ' official aenach ' of Tailltenn was
held A.D. 1169, when it is said that, apart from those
on foot, the horses and chariots alone extended a
distance of several miles.
Joyce informs us that marriage was a special feature
of this aenach. ' From all the surrounding districts the
young people came with their parents.
Fort— a bachelors and maidens being kept apart in
Cen^tre^^ Separate places, while the fathers and
mothers made matches, arranged details and
settled the dowries. After this the couples were
married, the ceremonies being always performed at
a particular spot.' i The same authority informs us
that, according to Cormac's ' Glossary,' a hillock there
had the name of ' the hill of buying,' now called the
' marriage hollow.' ~
1 History of Ireland, p. 90.
2 Social History, vol. ii. p. 439.
140 DONAGHMOEE
In Christian times certain forts became, in a sense,
' religious establishments ' — the Righ of such, having
become a convert to Christianity, placed
Religious himself and his community under the pro-
Uses of ^ ^. , ^. . . -^ . .^ ^
Forts. tection of the missionary, i.e. as it was
termed, ' under his bell,' though ' the
character and organisation of the political body '
were still preserved.
' Wlien a chief gave his Fort to an early missionary,
the latter probably did nothing to alter the structure of
the establishment. The monastery was organised on
tribal lines ; the great hall became a church ; religious
observances took the place of festivity ; the huts of the
retainers outside the Fort were filled with Catechumens,
but, in other respects, the rude and simple hfe of the
community probably differed little from that of their
predecessors.' i
In regard to the age of forts, it may be stated in
general terms that their construction in all probability
continued from a.m. 3,000 till the four-
teenth or fifteenth century of the Christian
era. Like our modern houses, while there was a contin-
uous building, there was also a constant rebuilding ; and
it should be noticed in this connection, that in the settle-
ment of dates some writers have confused the latter
with the former, and hence have arrived at conclusions
which are unfavourable to the great antiquity of many
of our forts. In this matter, as in many others in
regard to ancient Ireland, no doubt myth and legend
abound ; but, underlying all, there is doubtless a
substratum of truth.
' Wcstropp, Ancicni Forts, p. (52.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 141
O'Curry informs us that, ' according to all our old
accounts,' the Royal Fort of Tara (in co. Meath)
was first founded by the Firbolgs who
S^^^n^s""^ colonised Ireland a.m. 3246. Tara pos-
'^^^' sessed a whole group of forts, but doubtless
some of these were constructed in more recent times
— e.g. King Laegaire made a rath at Tara in the fifth
century. The ancient city of Tara, once considered
the capital of Ireland, was the residence of its supreme
kings from time immemorial up till the sixth century.
We may form some idea of its magnificence from an
ancient poem in Trinity College, Dublin, which thus
refers to this ' Rath of the Kings ' at Temur (Tara) :
' Seven duns in the Dun of Temur
Seven score houses in each dun —
Seven hundred warriors in each brave dun.' '
Next to Tara in importance and historical associa-
tions was the palace of Emain-Macha, or- — in its
Latinised form^Emania, close to the city
MrhaRath.of ^^"^^S^^' ^^^ ^^^^^ence of the Kings
of Ulster for six hundred years. We
are told that, ' according to the most ancient
written Irish traditions,' this celebrated palace was
founded three or four centuries before the Christian
era. It was destroyed by the three Collas, a.d. 332
(according to some authorities a.d. 321), and all that
now remains of this famous palace consists of ' a great
mound surrounded by an immense circular rampart
and fosse, half obliterated, the whole structure cover-
ing about eleven English acres.' '
' See O'Curry, Manners and Customs, vol. iii. p. 8.
^ See Joyce, Social History, vol. ii. pp. 89, 90.
142 DONAGHMOEE
The next great fort of historical interest and anti-
quity was probably that of Aileach (co. Donegal), a
cathair, with its four or five ramparts —
y^,'^* °f described in an old poem as ' the senior of
Aileach. » t-, • i • i •
the buildmgs of Ermn, which is said to
have been constructed by one of the Tuatha De
Danann kings (Dagda Mor) around the sepulchre of
his son, circa b.c. 1700. This date, however, apphes
only to the first building, there having been a
much more recent erection ; and besides there are
records, we are told, which imply at least two
rebuildings. * Grianan Aileach w^as destroyed by
Finnsneachta, son of Donchad, King of Erin, a.d. 674,
and demolished by the Danes in a.d. 937, and again by
Murchad O'Brien in a.d. 1101.' ^
Doubtless most of our forts were erected by the
Firbolgs, the Tuatha De Dananns, and the Milesians,
who conquered the Dananns, a.m. 3500,
BuUders ^^^ possessed Ireland for a period of
2,885 years. The Dananns are frequently
confounded with the Danes of mediaeval times owing
to the similarity of sound in the names, and hence
we hear of ' Danish forts ' by those unversed in such
matters, though doubtless the latter built and repaired
some of our forts.
We are told that King Brian at the close of the
tenth and dawn of the eleventh century strengthened
the duns and the royal forts of Munster, that he built
Cashel and Island forts at Lough Gur and elsewhere,^
while it is recorded that in a.d. 1242 Donagh
Cairbreach O'Brian constructed raths.
^ Westropp, Ancient Forts, p. 51.
- Ibid. p. 54.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 148
It was only gradually that our forts became deserted
by their destruction or otherwise. Tara fell in the
sixth century, and Aileach was deserted
Desertion -^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^j. ^^ ^^^^^^ ^j^ ^^^^^
of Forts. .' .,, , . •■
were occupied up till these periods.
We have, however, much more modern instances
of occupation recorded. In 1317 we are told that
' Donachad O'Brien before the battle of Corcomroe
(co. Clare) summoned to his army all the men
living in ' ooams ' (caves) — such being of course rath
chambers. In the ' primitive district of the Burreii
(co. Clare) the forts of Bally gamier and Caheran-
ardurrish were inhabited, at any rate, till 1840, and
the Caher of Balliny, not far away, is inhabited
and likely to continue so even in the twentieth
century.' ^
After the desertion of the forts for more civilised
abodes, it is interesting to note the names applied to
the forsaken dwellings by the inhabitants —
Fort Names ^ames in Irish applicable to the new uses.
Desertion. Westropp refers to a number of these,
among them : Lisnaho, a lis for domestic
animals ; Lissacurkia, where the garth was cultivated ;
Lisnacroghera, when the gallows was erected on
its height ; Lisnagorp, when used as a burial-place.
' In some cases, in its utter loneliness, people
fancied that it had become the haunt of evil spirits ;
the "corpse candle" was seen in its fosse, and it
was named Lisnagunniel ; the ghost and phuca cried
in its desolate houses, and the shuddering peasantry
called it Lisananima, Lissaphuca, Caperaphiica, or
' Westropp, Ancient Forts, p. 51.
144 DONAGHMORE
Lisheenvicknabeeha, " the little fort of the son of
the night." ' i
Much superstition has existed in connection with our
forts and souterrains in bygone days, and even yet
^ . . , lingering traces are to be found among
Ongm of ,11 • • , 1 n T 1
Fairy Super- those who recogmse it as such. Much
stitions in of tliis superstition had doubtless its origin
connection jj^ ^-^e dispersion of the De Dananns who,
it seems, after having been defeated
by the Milesians in two great battles, held a secret
conclave, and arranged that their chiefs and others
who survived should henceforth take up their abodes
in the ' elf-mounds ' and other secret haunts in
' pleasant hills,' where we are told they built them-
selves ' glorious palaces all ablaze with light and
glittering with gems of gold.' Joyce refers to a
different account contained in an old tale of the
eighth or ninth century (in the ' Book of Leinster')
which recounts that after two decisive battles, a
Milesian brehon was appointed to divide Erin
between his own people (the Milesians) and the
Dananns, ' and he gave the part of Erin that was
underground to the (spiritual) De Dananns, and the
other part to his own corporeal people, the sons of
Miled ; after which the De Dananns went into the hills
and fairy palaces,' and, we are told, became gods.'^
Being deified they became objects of worship, were
supposed to possess supernatural powers, and as
their habitations were in the side {shee) i.e., in ' pleasant
hills,' a male fairy was called a fer-side {fer, a man),
' Westropp, Ancient Forts, p. 14.
" Social History, vol. i. p. 252.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 145
while a female fairy was designated a hen-side or Ban
Shee — ' a woman from the fairy -hills.' ^
The Dananns were a hght, gay, and joyous race —
elements in their character which, it is said, the Irish
of to-day have largely inherited. They were much
learned in the arts of necromancy and enchantment,
and consequently became famous as experts in sorcery,
charms, and the ' black art.' Hence the superstitious,
in after ages, imagined that they still haunted the
raths and souterrains as fairies or ' wee people,' and
were ever ready to visit with condign punishment any
who interfered with their abodes.
The Dananns, however, were not the first to become
' earth-gods ' and receive divine honours in Erin, nor
^ were they the last ' spiritual ' beings. We
Dananns , , , , i i i
and other are told that there was a much older race
' Earth- of * earth-gods ' in Ireland with whom the
^°^^" Dananns eventually became confounded —
while, again, not a few of the Milesian chiefs, like
their predecessors — the Dananns — were in turn
' deified ' and became fairies.-
The fairies were supposed to be gentle folk, and not
at all evilly disposed or malicious, unless they or their
abodes were attacked or disturbed, when
Fames ^j^^-^ wrath was kindled and dire vengeance
described. -,■,•,
meted out to the culprit.
Shakespeare (' Merry Wives of Windsor ') marks
their colour and nightly carousals thus :
' Fairies, black, grey, green, and white,
Moonshine revellers, and shades of night.'
1 Social History, vol. i. p. 202. " Ibid. pp. 253, 261.
L
146 DONACtHMOEE
Dodsley gives us minute information in regard to
their size, tint of cap, and diversion :
' Fairies small, two feet tall,
With cap red on their head,
Dance around on the ground.'
In Ireland fairies are generally supposed to wear
red clothing, but we are credibly informed that in
County Antrim they dress in green, though they are
said to have red or sandy hair — but perhaps these
' wee people ' are of Scotch descent, and adopt the
fairy dress (green) of their kinsfolk — while the ' sandy
hair ' seems indigenous to all Scots — whether
' corporeal ' or ' spiritual ' !
Not a few lady fairies (Banshees) had magnificent
palaces in the ' fairy -hills ' where they became famous
as ' fairy queens,' ruling in state and with
^^^^'^ ^ a high hand the ordinary fairies ; such
notably, we read, were Banshee Aine, who
had the temerity to cut ' clean off ' a king's ear,
Banshee CUdne, the potent queen of all the fairies in
South Munster, and the beautiful (as the name
signifies) Banshee Aibell, who ruled her race in the
northern portion of the same province. ^
The modern banshee no longer reigns as a queen,
though she still possesses some grand notions ; for she
never condescends to visit ordinary mortals,
but only associates herself with the great
houses where she presides as a sort of domestic
spirit, taking a deep interest in family welfare and
intimating disaster or death by her sad keening or
wailing cries.
1 See Joyce, Social History, vol. i. pp. 262, 2(33.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 147
We are informed on good authority that we have
one such lady in Donaghmore parish whose mournful
keen was heard some years since, and we fondly hope
it will not be again heard for a long time !
Fairies have not been seen in the parish for some
years, but it seems there are still a number of these
' gentry ' about ; at least we must so conclude
Donaghmore ^-^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ disaster or death if
r airies. "^
we demolish a rath, cut down a ' fairy
bush,' or in any way interfere with a ' fairy well.'
Some foolhardy person tampered with the ' fairy
well ' in the ' glebe lawn ' many years ago, when
it dried up, and never a drop of water since ! What
dire disaster happened to the criminal we are not
informed. In the same grounds still remains the
' fairy bush,' and long may it flourish !
If all we hear be true, frightful catastrophes have
happened in Donaghmore in past times, owing to fort-
razing operations — a science in which many
]^T^. I, of the old inhabitants were experts. We
Catastrophes. . '■
are told that m several instances these
operations had to be stopped, owing to the ' pains
and penalties ' inflicted on the workmen or their
masters — hence it is that so many of our forts
are only half obliterated ! As an instance — one fort
in the parish was totally demohshed a great many
years since, but the penalty exacted by the fairies was
dreadful — cattle died, there being a ' very grievous
murrain,' people lost their hves, and others became
cripples or went mad, while one poor man took
' information (inflammation) of the head ' and died
in three days !
L 2
148 DONAGHMOEE
They seem to have been a merry lot, these Donagh-
more fairies in the olden times, notwithstanding their
vengeful spirit. On certain state occasions
p^^^y they held high carousal in the raths,
danced, fiddled, sang, and laughed con-
vulsively, and, it is said, even made and drank
foteen !
We regret to record; however, that some of ' the
gentry ' (as they were frequently called here) had not
the best of manners. One poor old woman
^j^""^ (long deceased) was occasionally obliged
to pass close to a rath, when the fairies
' hned the ring — laughin' and jeerin' ' at her.
8uch behaviour certainly seemed very reprehensible
and unpardonable in this particular case, since
the inoffensive creature had been excessively kind
to these same ' wee people ' — in having frequently
gone to the fort, when they were asleep, and left them
little shirts, children's socks and some of the ' native ' !
Of course it may have been a case of ' mistaken
identity ' on the part of ' the gentry,' or possibly the
woman's forebears had been ' fort razers ' !
We think it cannot be too widely known that in
case of attack on the person by Irish fairies the very
best thing to do is to immediately change
the ' Fairy- one's coat or other outer garment; or better
struck' still, as a preventive, never partake of fairy
^^^ food ; otherwise, one is subject to ' fairy
Preventives. , . , , t ,
power for seven long years ! in case of
actual personal injuries by fairies an infalhble cure is
assured us in an old Irish treatise on Materia Medica —
cited by Joyce — though we regret in copying the
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 149
* perscription ' he has omitted the ingredients. A
translation of the treatise by the late Dr. O'Longan is,
however, in the Eoyal Irish Academy, where we are
sure all ' fairy-struck ' sufferers may freely consult
this important medical work ! This authority pre-
scribes twenty-five herbs to be taken :
rescnp i n. , ^Yj[\q pulling them certain prayers are to
be said. Boil them in the water of a spring well (not
the water from a running stream). Be careful not
to let a drop of the mixture fall, and not to put it
on the ground, till the joatieyit has drunk it all.' ^
It is said prevention is better than cure ; hence it is
well to know some of the Scotch preventives, which are
considered very effective against fairy power
Fabit ^^* ^^^^^ ^^ *^® Highlands. The Highland
and other Scotch fairies generally dress in
green, which seems the national colour. They are
said to be an industrious race, hirnig themselves
out as ordinary servants and pursuing many
other callings. They are good tradesmen, and are
quite willing to impart their skill to mankind. Their
principal pastime is music and dancing, accomplish-
ments in which they are said to excel even the mortal
Scot, who, in imitation, has invented the ' Elfin Waltz ' ;
but it is a very poor performance in comparison to the
first fairy edition, when executed by the elves them-
selves to the sweet strains of their favourite instru-
ment'— the bagpipe ! The Scotch fairies are very
powerful both for good and evil. They are great
borrowers, while their thieving propensities are
abnormal. Oatmeal, beautiful babes, and other
' Social History, vol. i. p. 624.
150 DONAGHMORE
' commodities ' are never safe if a fairy is about-
even the very horses in the fields at night are ridden
to death by these same ' wee people.'
The Highlanders seem, however, well able to cope
with these httle rascals by a few simple expedients,
one or other of which might be well worth
Pretentives ^^^^^ ^^ the Emerald Isle by those in
against ' mortal terror ' of the Irish ' gentry.' If
^^"■y a little oatmeal be carried in the pocket
and dusted over one's clothing, no fairy
will venture near. Cold iron, too, in any shape
or form is a powerful preventive. ' Touch
cauld iron,' the Scot tells us, and the fairies fly
for their lives. It seems Scotch robber-fairies fre-
quently travel on their journeys in ' wind eddy '
chariots ; but one has only to throw his left shoe at the
coach, and instantly the booty is dropped, whether it
be a tradesman's compass, a sack of the Scotch favourite
oatmeal, or a handsome Highland baby ! A Scotsman
is never safe in the presence of ' fairy women,' but if
he carry about him a pearl wort plant there is no danger.
On certain occasions, it is said, holly is a sure pre-
ventive, especially for houses ; and we would venture
to suggest, where personal attack is feared, that a
hollyhock worn as a button-hole would have the
effect of scaring away even a fairy host !
It is interesting to note that portion of ' The Great
Wall of Uhdia,' commonly known as the ' Dane's Cast '
. The Great ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^e ' Glen of the Black Pig,'
Wall of and said to be the most remarkable early
Ulidia.' earthwork in Ireland, runs through the
western extremity of the parish of Donaghmore,
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMORE 151
almost in a parallel line with the Newry Canal.
This great rampart, according to some of our best
authorities, extends from Lisnagade, near Scarva,
to Sheve GuUion mountain in the County of Armagh' —
a distance of about twenty miles. It
' wfu ' ° enters Donaghmore parish from that of
Aghaderg at Killysavan townland, close
to Poyntzpass. Between Killysavan and Droman-
tine, where there was formerly a lake, the ' Cast '
ceases, but it can be traced at the ' Cracked
Bridge ' in the latter townland. It is again traced at
Knockanarney Hill, where about forty yards of the
west rampart are distinctly visible. From thence
it passes through the townlands of Carrickavaddy
(near Jerretspass), Lurganare, and Drumiller (east
of Goraghwood)— where it passes out of the parish of
Donaghmore into the County of Armagh— when it
runs through the old parish of Killeavy, and after-
wards into County Louth — in the direction of Drogheda.
At Scarva this wall (according to Westropp) ' con-
sists of two mounds, forty feet apart, with fosses
eight feet wide and six feet deep ; the mounds,
four feet above the fields, and measuring fifty-four
feet over all.' ^ The ' Cast ' at other places has
a ditch or fosse eighteen feet wide and eight feet
deep, but doubtless originally the depth was much
greater.
Proper Some authorities inform us that the
Designation proper designation of this huge rampart
of WaU. jg ' rphe Great Wall of Uhdia.'
It was and is still called by many the ' Glen of the
1 Ancient Forts, p. 138.
152 DONAGHMOEE
Black Pig '—this designation having arisen, it seems,
from the following tradition. In far-away times
many people were supposed to be skilled
onhe^Sack i^ ^^^ ' ^^^^^ ^^*^'' whereby they worked
Pig '—Origin enchantments of various kinds. A certain
of the Name gchoolmaster at Drogheda, for example,
cllt*''^''"''^ was such an adept in the art that by his
magical powers he was able to convert his
pupils into pigs. This he did one day during ' play-
time,' and, it seems, for mere devilment, when a
mighty huntsman, bearing the fine name of O'Neill,
came along— who, to the utter astonishment and
dismay of the schoolmaster, set his hounds on the
playful and jolly little pig pupils, who instantly
' flew like mad ' in all directions, rooting and
throwing up entrenchments of earth with their
little snouts. A black contingent ran north in the
direction of Scarva (probably on July 13 !) passing en
route through Killeavy and Donaghmore' — tearing up in
their careering frenzy the ground all along the journey
at a most terrific rate, and viirahile didu, the result of
their gigantic efforts was ' The Glen of the Black Pig ' !
It was a most fortunate circumstance that it did not
occur to the pedagogue to ' ring ' his httle pigs, other-
wise we would never have had this great rampart ;
but probably, if it did enter his mind, he considered it
rather cruel to do so, as it certainly was on the part of
Huntsman O'Neill to set his hounds on them.
This great earthwork is popularly known as the
' Dane's Cast,' but this is an absolute misnomer, as
the Danes had nothing to do with it, it having been
built long before their incursions. It was, it seems, the
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 153
settlers under the Ulster Plantation who first called it
the Dane's Cast— knowing Httle about the history of
Ulster, and hearing of the Danes as mighty warriors
and builders, they imagined this great wall must have
been their handiwork.
The various writers on the ' Great Wall of UHdia '
do not always seem in complete accord, especially as
Origin and regards its origin and use, but doubtless
Use of one of our best authorities is Canon Lett,
' Wall.' 1{,A., M.E.I.A. (whose views we have given),
whose able and interesting article on the subject in the
' Ulster Journal of Archaeology ' has the imprimatm- of
a writer of such weight as Westropp, who speaks of it
as ' the only detailed and careful description ' of the
rampart, while O'Curry, Bishop Reeves, and other
eminent authorities are in accord.
The origin of the ' Wall ' according to these
authorities was as follows. About the year a.d. 332,
when Muredach was the Ard-Righ or Chief King of
Ireland, the Ultonians (whose king's residence was in
the great earthen fort called Navan, a mile and a half
west of Armagh) gave trouble. "Whereupon Muredach
led a force to chastise them, the fight that ensued lasted
for a whole week, the Ultonians were routed and driven
from their district, and their king's residence of Navan
where their kings had reigned for 700 years— from B.C.
452 to A.D. 332— was burned, plundered, and destroyed.
The Ultonians were thenceforward confined to a
district now represented by the counties of Antrim
and Down ; Antrim was sufficiently protected on its
west by the River Bann and Lough Neagh, and to make
themselves doubly secure they formed the earthen
154 DONAGHMORE
wall or trench known as the ' Dane's Cast,' which runs
from Lisnagade to near Meigh. It is quite evident
from the he of this great earthwork that its makers
hved to the east of it. The Ultonians flourished in their
reduced territory till a.d. 637, when they were crushed
and their leaders slain in the battle of Magh Eath, or
Moira, in the County Down.
A different account of the Dane's Cast— especially
in regard to its origin and dimensions — ^is afforded us
by other excellent authorities, particularly Mr. de
Vismes Kane, M.A., M.E.I.x\., in his article entitled
• The Black Pig's Dyke : The Ancient Boundary
Fortification of Uladh.' i
Mr. Kane contends that this entrenchment was
constructed to mark the boundary of Ulster about the
year a.d. 160, which previously to this date was marked
by the Boyne river, and stretched from the north of
the Boyne to the south-eastern extremity of County
Donegal.
But previously to that year Tuathal (King of
Ireland) cut off portions of Connaught, Leinster, and
Ulster, to form a mensal territory, which was
cahed Meath or the Middle Province. ^Vhen this was
accomphshed the southern boundary of Ulster was
pushed back, and followed the marches of the counties
of Armagh and Monaghan as far as the Wattle Bridge
on the Upper Erne, and from thence on through
Cavan, Longford, and Leitrim almost to Bundoran.
Mr. Kane informs us that he has traced the Dyke all
along this line, and, in fact, right across Ireland, by
' Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xxvii. Section C,
No. 14.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 155
discovering portions still remaining, or, where
obliterated, finding the country people famihar with
its existence at some period. He maintains that the
position — that the Ditch was the boundary or ' Great
Wall of Uhdia,' which was made to confine the Ulster
men after the burning of Emmania by the three Collas
in 332, when they were restricted to the present counties
of Down and Antrim — is untenable :
(1) Because the conclusion is based on John
O'Donovan's opinion, which he subsequently aban-
doned, founded on a reference in a manuscript
(in the Library of Trinity College, Dubhn),
which is as follows : ' On the hither side of Gleann
Eighe (the Newry Valley) the boundary of Gleanne
Kighe was formed from the Newry upwards between
them (i.e. The Clann Colla and the Clanna Rudhraighe),
and the Clanna Rudraighe never returned across it
from that time to the present.' But it seems, according
to our author, that O'Donovan himself afterwards
admitted that his theory was untenable.
(2) Because, according to this hypothesis, the
Dyke would have been useless as * a defence against the
defeated race of Ultonians, or as a means of confining
them to the limits of Down and Antrim,' unless it had
continued along the bank of the Newry river * north-
ward by the boundary of Uhdia to Lough Neagh, and
thence from the north shore of that lake by the Bann
to the sea.' ^
(3) Because those authorities who advocate this
view were not aware of the existence of the Dyke
beyond Armagh, whereas Mr. Kane claims to have
' See The Black Pig's Dyke, p. 311.
156 DONAGHMOEE
traced it right across Ireland. Hence, according to
this theory, the portion which runs through Donagh-
more parish forms part of the eastern terminal of the
boundary of the new Ulster, which can be traced
right to Donegal — all across Ireland. Those who hold
that the ' Ditch ' was the ' Great Wall of Ulidia ' con-
sider that the original construction is maintained at
Scarva, where it consists of ' one fosse with a Vallum
on each side,' while Mr. Kane advocates ' the possibihty
of the former existence of two side fosses and a central
Vallum ' at that place.
Donaghmore Church having been founded in a
pagan centre and ' establishment,' when the chief
and his retainers adopted the Christian faith
ttoss^^^*''' under the teaching of St. MacErc, the first
Bishop of Donaghmore — what more natural
than that their descendants at a subsequent period
should erect on this historic and hallowed spot ' St.
MacErc's Cross,' the symbol of the pure gospel he
taught, and which had been the means of their salva-
tion from sin unto hoHness of hfe ?
The Celtic Cross stands twelve yards south of the
church — while its base (as we have seen) is the large
stone which forms the lintel of the main entrance to
the central chamber of the souterrain. Here the Cross
stood for centuries — without crack or flaw — till some
ruthless and sacrilegious hands half demolished it,
breaking the beautiful shaft right across, while the
top portion — the cross with perforated collar — was
hurled from its position, and left sunk in an adjoining
grave. Unfortunately in this state it had lain for ages,
probably since the time of Cromwell.
The Donaghmore Celtic Cross.
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 157
In 1891 the rector of the parish summoned a
meeting of the select vestry, when it was unanimously
resolved to have the Cross completely
e-erection j.gg^Q^.g(j_ ^jj^ work of restoration was
of the Cross. i i •
perfectly executed, and m a manner con-
sonant with the antiquity of the monument. i In
addition to local subscriptions, the Belfast Naturalist
Field Club, through the kind offices of Canon Lett,
gave a hberal grant towards the work of restoration.
According to a popular tradition in the parish its
semi-demohtion was the work of King William III.,
who, seeing the Cross, on his march from
j^j °^ ~ Loughbrickland to Newry, ordered his army
William to halt and fire a cannon ball at it : but
and local ^q g^j-g g^^g ^j^^t those of the inhabitants
iconoclast. , « ii i • • i
who revere the glorious, pious and
immortal memory ' of that good monarch will be
slow to believe that he would be guilty of such a
dastardly act of sacrilege. Another local tradition is
to the effect that the foul work was accomphshed by
an individual in the vicinity — an iconoclast — who
afterwards went raving mad, and with his latest breath
kept caHing out ' 0 that Cross ! that Cross ! ' and
so went to his reward.
The Celtic Cross of Donaghmore is held on the
highest authority to be the most ancient perfect
Christian monument in the County of
The Celtic Down — while it is said to be upwards of
described ^^^^ years old. The Cross IS ten and a
half feet high, and is composed of three
' A few years since an old cross in County Down was re-erected
(in a new position) with the inscription : ' Erected by the Town
Commissioners ' !
158 DONAGHMOKE
blocks of granite, a three-stepped base, the shaft, and
the cross proper. The design is Irish or Celtic, the
Hmbs being connected by a perforated collar or wheel,
while the entire surface was originally covered with a
series of subjects illustrating the Bible history, and
where there was no room for figures, the carving is of
beautiful Irish interlaced work or patterns. Not-
withstanding the atmospheric action of so many cen-
turies, these carvings are wonderfully distinct, and
many of the figures can be easily traced. Amongst
the designs introduced on the west face of the Cross is
the Crucifixion, the Tree of Forbidden Fruit with
Adam and Eve beneath it, the Cherub with his flaming
sword, and Noah's Ark in the waters of the Flood. In
these we have a short summary of the entrance of sin,
and the way of salvation through the Sacrifice of the
Cross. On the east face the carvings are more injured,
and difficult to decipher, but it is generally supposed
that they represent Christ seated in the centre and
surrounded by the angels and saints at the Last Judg-
ment in glory. On the south face of the shaft is a most
interesting panel representing a figure who holds a
somewhat triangular object, which is taken to be
David with a harp, chanting the praises of Him who
on the Cross hath redeemed mankind. The whole is
most interesting, and historically valuable, not only
as exhibiting an excellent work of art, executed so
many centuries ago, but also in that we have here
afforded us a brief epitome of the Gospel and a record
in stone of the pure simple faith of the ancient Irish
Church.
It is said our old Irish crosses were erected for a
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 159
twofold purpose, as being partly commemorative,
and also as marking the bounds of ' the hallowed
Twofold ground.' An early Irish synod enacted
Purposes of that the bounds of holy places should
Erection. j^^y^ ^i^^^y. jii^its marked out by the
sacred symbol, and an injunction was added in
the following words : ' wherever you find the Cross
of Christ do not do any injury.' Many authorities
consider that our ancient crosses were also
Preadiin^ used for illustrated teaching purposes by
Centres. ° preachers at open-air services from the
ninth to the twelfth centuries — when few
books were to be had, and none could read except
the Clergy — and even at a much later period we find
the practice continued.
The sculptures of the Crosses were ' iconographic,'
that is to say, ' they w^re intended to bring home to
the minds of the unlettered people the truth of rehgion
and the facts of scripture history by vivid illustration.' i
Many crosses doubtless became great preaching
centres in past times, notably that of St. Paul's,
London (recently restored), which in 1387
St. Paul's ^r^s noted as the place ' where the word
London. ^^ ^°*^ ^^^ habitually preached to the
people.' These open-air services were
not always conducive to the health of the congrega-
tions— especially on rainy Sundays, and it is greatly
to be feared that nowadays the attendance on such
occasions would be extremely small — at least in Don-
aghmore, were we to preach at St, MacErc's Cross !
But doubtless the ardent spirits who lived here in
' Joyce, Social History, vol. i. p. 567.
160 DONAOmiORE
bygone times were never absent on that score. Bishop
Latimer complained for reasons other than that of the
inclement weather — indeed the ' dog days ' of summer
and the presence of not a few of ' the miwashed ' in
the great concourse, may have contributed to the cause
of his murmur. He tells us : ' Many a man taketh his
death in St. Paul's Churchyard, and this I speak of
experience; for I myself when I have been there in some
mornings to hear the sermons, have felt such an
ill-favoured unwholesome savour that I was the worse
of it for a great while after.' We can form some con-
ception of the immense numbers who flocked to St.
Paul's Cross to hear the preachers from the following
portion of a letter of Jewell to Peter Mart}^' : ' You
may now sometimes see at St. Paul's Cross, after the
service, 6,000 persons, old and young, of both sexes,
all singing together and praising God.' Even Eoyalty
attended at times, and had the temerity on an occasion
to reprimand the preacher. Queen Elizabeth was
present on a certain Ash Wednesday when the preacher
did not seem, to Her Majesty quite orthodox on the
subject of images. ' Leave that alone ! ' shouted the
Queen ; ' to your text, Mr. Dean ! '
The Irish Celtic cross differs from the Greek and
Latin crosses in the pecuHarity that the hmbs are
Irish Celtic connected by a perforated collar or wheel.
Cross differs This particular design of cross was early
from Greek developed in Ireland, and was the only
and Roman. ^-^^^^^ adopted by the Irish Church till
the twelfth century. Our ancient Celtic crosses,
of which there are about fifty-six in Ireland,
bear strong testimony to the skill and workman-
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 161
ship of Irish stone-carvers in the early centuries,
and while no longer used as illustrative preaching
centres, they are still in a sense commemorative,
and besides mark out the ' sacred precincts.' They
are also eloquent, though silent, witnesses to the
Scriptural gospel taught by the clergy in the early
centuries, while, at the same time, they bear their
constant testimony to the fact that the ancient Irish
Church was independent of either the Greek or Eoman
Communion. ' These Irish crosses are of a type quite
distinct from either that of the Latin or Greek crosses ;
and as their form is pecuHar to Ireland, they stand
silent witnesses to the fact that the Irish Church was
equally independent of both the Eastern (Greek) and
Western (Roman) Churches during the time of their
erection, which took place probably from the seventh
to the twelfth century.' i
Among the MS. letters in the Royal Irish Academy,^
containing information relative to the county of
J , Down, collected during the progress of the
O'Donovan's Ordnance Survey in 1834, there is one
Visit to from John O'Donovan, LL.D., the cele-
Donaghmore. ^^^.^^^^ j^-^j^ scholar, who was employed to
collect and ascertain the correct place-names, dated
from Newry on April 10 of that year, in which is the
following reference to the parish of Donaghmore :
' I travelled yesterday through the Parish of
Donaghmore and discovered one of the aborigines
100 years old and on the point of death. He is blind
' Macbeth, Story of Ireland and her Church, p. 95.
' Ordnance Survey MSS.
162 DONAGHMOEE
and tlioagh in the most feeble state he retains his
reasoning powers in a most sm-prising manner. He is
intimately acquainted with every field in the Parish of
Donaghmore, where he was employed for half a century
as a Baihff. He was able to give me the ancient name
of every townland in the Parish in the most satisfactory
manner. I travelled through fields and frequented
ways until at last I discovered him in a little cabin
lamenting his transgressions and preparing for death.
When I mentioned the name Mr. Glenny, he attended
to me with the most profound respect and seemed for
a short time to forget his impending dissolution.
I certainly was very shy in disturbing him, but as
there was no substitute for him I made bold to
examine or not whether he had sufficient discern-
ment to understand what I was about. He
understood me immediately and answered the
questions I proposed him with great readiness.
Several persons of whom I enquired the way to
his house told me that he was dead " this many
and many a year." I had to return in the dark,
and being far off the main road to Newry it was
with difficulty I made my way back. I tore my
trousers across with the brambles.'
It will be seen that the only reference O'Donovan
makes in his letter to anything of an ' antiquarian '
nature on the occasion of his visit to the parish is that
in the shape of a centenarian, but evidently his
province did not go beyond the collection of correct
place-names. At any rate, the souterrains were not
discovered till three months after the date of this
ANTIQUITIES OF DONAGHMOEE 163
letter; and besides, he did not visit the western
portion of tlie parish, through which runs the Great
Wall of Uhdia, while probably he never set eyes
on the Celtic Cross — then in its semi-demolished
condition.
M 2
CHAPTER IV
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH
The Church of Ireland, founded by St. Patrick, has
now existed for almost fifteen centuries, and is still
„. , . , the same identical Church that she was in
Historical , , . . t^ • n i
Continuity the begmnmg. Durnig all her varymg
of the fortunes and eventful history, her historical
Church. continuity has remained unbroken, her
ancient episcopate has been preserved in one unbroken
line of succession from the first, and especially was
such guarded and maintained in the sixteenth century,
when the liturgy, as set forth in the Book of Common
Prayer, displaced the Latin Service Book ; for it must
be remembered that all the bishops of the Irish Church
at the time (with but two dissentients, who were
deprived, and their sees filled by bishops who con-
formed) acquiesced and took the Oath of Supremacy.
These bishops, numbering about twenty, remained in
their several sees, and from them the present bishops of
the Church of Ireland have ' derived their order.' i
Hence, holding the apostolic commission, and being
built upon the foimdation of the apostles, the Church
of Ireland has continued in their faith and fellowship,
and remains a branch of the Holy Catholic Church.
> See King's Church History of Ireland, p. 761.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHUECH 165
In Donaghmore there is a special bond of unity of
the church of to-day with that of the past. God is
worshipped on almost the same hallowed spot on
which the first humble temple in the parish was
dedicated to his service so many long centuries ago.
According to Bishop Reeves, the eminent Irish
scholar, antiquary, and ecclesiastic, Donaghmore
church was founded about the middle of
Cenfur *^^® ^^^^^ century, and hence is one of the
Foundation oldest churches in Ireland.! Authorities
of the inform us that all churches in Ireland
a Rath "' (about forty) that bear the name of Domnach
— or, in the anglicised form, Donagh — were
founded by St. Patrick, who marked their foundations
on the Lord's Day, and hence we may conclude that the
Irish Apostle was the founder of Domnach-mor (the
* great church '). The church was founded in a rath,
which was of large dimensions and doubtless a great
pagan centre. St. Patrick would naturally take advan-
tage of the circumstances by preaching the gospel to the
chief and his retainers, for whom, on their conversion,
he founded the church in their midst. According
to Aengus the Culdee, St. Mac Ere was
' the first Bishop of Domnach-mor, which
must have been about a.d. 450. Bishop Mac Ere
was brother of the celebrated St. ]\Iochey of Aendrum,
or Inis Mochey (Mohee Island in Strangford Lough),
who died a.d. 497 (we are told) at an advanced age.
Hence he was a member of the family of Milcon to
whom St. Patrick was in bondage in the valley of the
Braid, near Slemish mountain, in the county of Antrim,
' Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore.
166 DONAGHMOBE
and doubtless owed his conversion to the patron saint
of Ireland. His parentage and kindred are noticed
by Aengus in his tract ' De Matribus Sanctorum
Hiberniae,' quoted by Bishop Reeves, as follows :
' Bronach, daughter of Milcon, with whom Patrick
was in bondage, was the mother of Mochae of Aendrum,
or of Aendrum of Loch Cuan : and of Comraire of
Uisneach, in Meath : and of Manchan of Liath Man-
chan, in Dealbhna Beathra : and of Colman jVIinlinn
of Daire Chaechain in Dalriada : and of Bishop Mac
Ere of Domnach-mor of Moy Coba,' &cJ It should
be noted that Bishop Mac Ere must not be confounded
with the St. Mac Ere who flourished at Slane, co.
Meath, and was a native of that place. It will thus be
observed that .Domnach-mor had its own
fnTTHbal ^^^^.°P ' ^'^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ unusual in the old
Episcopacy. Celtic church owing to its monastic and
tribal character. Some of our readers
may doubtless be a httle surprised to find that Donagh-
more should have been honoured with a bishop, while
other churches at the time were less favoured in this
respect, and hence we may briefly explain the condition
of things which gave rise to what some might consider
an anomaly. Indeed the ancient Irish church presents
us with a curious phase of religious society, which it
is to be feared many misunderstand, because ignorant
of the social and political institutions of the time,
and of their effect upon early church organisation in
Ireland. ^ It must, however, suffice to state, that the
organisation of both church and monastery was entirely
modelled on the civil system of the time, which was
' Eccksiastical Antiquities, p. 189.
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 167
of course tribal, and consequently tribal customs
pervaded all ecclesiastical arrangements. As there
was the tribe of the chieftain, so there was modelled
on it the tribe of the saint ; and both chieftainship and
saintship ran in famihes, the famihes themselves
expanding into tribes. Hence in Ireland episcopacy
adapted itself to the civil conditions it found in th?
country, just as it did in the Latin church, where it
was modelled after the Roman civil organisation —
which, of course, did not prevail here, the Romans
never having conquered Ireland. Hence the early Irish
bishops were not diocesan (a much later development),
but rather monastic and tribal, having been attached
to the monasteries, the tribes, and to the cathedral
centres. Indeed, monastic and tribal episcopacy pre-
vailed in Ireland down to the commg of the Normans,
and even afterwards made strenuous and successful
efforts to assert itself ; as, for example, in the case of
Glendalough, where, we are told, the Celtic bishops
(the bishops of the O'Byrnes and the O'Tooles)
held on in defiance of either King or Pope, and
continued unsuppressed till the close of the fifteenth
century.
Domnach-Mor was what might be termed a
* monastic church,' and hence had its bishop ; but
its monasticism at first was probably of a very
primitive and incipient type ; for as yet
Donaghmore ^, , , . c J.^ l
a Monastic ^^e development of the system, as
Church: we find it in the sixth and seventh
Irish centuries, had scarcely even commenced.
1 onaa icisra. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ although there were
monastic institutions of a sort, St. Patrick and his
168 DONAGHMOEE
missionaries were (as Archbishop Healy remarks)
' too full of missionary labours to be given to the
government or foundation of monasteries.' i The
early Irish monasteries had scarcely anything in
common with those of modern times. St. Patrick in-
troduced the system into Ireland, borrowed from that
of Gaul and Britain with which he had been familiar,
but in a modified form, to suit the condition of the
country, which was mostly pagan at the time, notwith-
standing the fact of there having been an Irish pre-
Patrician Christianity. Hence the system adopted here
was different from that which obtained in countries
which were largely Christian, where sanctity of life
was the chief consideration. Pagan Ireland had to be
converted to Christianity, and while personal holiness
was of no less moment on the part of those forming the
Community, yet combined with it was another prime
consideration, viz. the conversion of the Irish, and
their instruction in the principles of the Christian faith.
The primitive Irish monasteries were great missionary
and educational centres as well as establishments where
good men devoted themselves to the cultivation of
personal holiness and sanctity of life. ' The early mon-
asteries in Ireland partook somewhat of the character
of a college of canons, a cathedral chapter responsible
for missionary work and priestly functions in the
surrounding districts. They were centres of light
and civilisation amidst the prevailing darkness of
paganism.' -
It would be a mistake, however, to suppose that at
' IrelavfTn Ancient Schools and Scholars, p. 146.
" Macbelh, Ireland mid her Church, p. 57.
DONAGHMORE PAEISH CHUECH 169
this early stage missionary work was carried on solely
by the monastic bishops and those associated with
them. Indeed it would seem that the clergy who,
dming this period, laboured to spread the gospel had
for the most part no connection whatever with the
monasteries, viz. the clergy of district churches (there
were no parishes) and their bishops — i.e. the tribal
bishops. Dr. Joyce, who probably knows as much
about the matter as most people, though not an eccle-
siastic, thus informs us : ' During the century and a
quarter following St. Patrick's arrival, i.e. from a.d. 432
to about 559, the clergy who laboured to spread the
faith among the people appear to have been for the
most part unconnected with monasteries.' i These
ecclesiastics, as our author further explains, corre-
sponded to our modern parochial clergy, while their
bishops were those connected with the tribes.
Hence a tribal bishop would have all the district
churches in the country occupied by the tribe
under his jurisdiction — a tribal arrangement, by
the way, which ' contained the germs of diocesan
distribution.'
For aught we know, St. Mac Ere was both bishop
and abbot of Domnach-Mor — the two offices being
frequently combined in the same person.
Bishop of jj^ g^gg ^-^g offices were held by different
Mor!^^° individuals, the abbot ruled (though at the
time he was not obhged to be even in priest's
orders), but the bishop was superior in respect of
the episcopal and other spiritual functions, such as
ordaining, &c.
' Social History, vol. i. p. 319.
170 DONAGHMORE
It may be noted that besides Domnach-Mor, other
churches of a Hke character (now in the diocese of
Dromore) had formerly bishops. The fol-
Bishop and iQ^y^j^gr jg g, jig^ of bishops of such churches
OlnircliGS
incorporated Subsequently incorporated with the diocese
with tiie of Dromore : 450, St. Mac Ere, of Domnach-
DromOTe"^ Mor ; 540, Colman, of Dromore; 803,
Thomas, of Linnduachaill (Magheralin) ;
972, Maolbrigid MacCathasaigh, of Dromore; 1101,
Eigan, of Dromore. ^
We find a tradition to the effect that Donaghmore
church was owned by the Culdees — an ancient
Order of the church that flourished and
Donaghmore jj.^^| ^^ college at Armagh. The tradition is
the^Culdees. undoubtedly founded on fact ; for, accord-
ing to the ' Book of Armagh,' every church
and place which ' Donmiicus appellatur ' (which in-
cluded Donaghmore) belonged to the special society of
St. Patrick and his cathedral at Armagh. The special
society of St. Patrick at Armagh was the Dean and
Chapter of the Cathedral, which constituted the
college, and owned the several churches (and properties)
connected therewith. Possibl}^ this prior Culdee owner-
ship accounts for the fact that Domnach-Mor church
(although in the diocese of Dromore), and the church
lands, were connected with the See of Armagh up till
the disestablishment of the Irish Church. Bishop
Reeves informs us that ' The manor of Donaghmore
in the County of Down, and Diocese of Dromore, with
the Rectory and Advowson of St. Mac Erc's church
thereon, has been connected with the See of Armagh
' See Ewart's Handbook, United Dioceses, p. 13.
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 171
from time immemorial, and is probably one of the
earliest endowments of it.' i Possibly some Arch-
bishop of Armagh may have seized this property on
the demise of the Culdees, for himself and his successors
who held it up till the year of our Lord 1876. In
regard to these lands (which of course included the
church) Bishop Reeves tells us that they became
* Episcopal property, as was usually the case with
churches which were the seats of Bishops, and for
some reason now unknown, were annexed, not to the see
of Dromore, but to that of Armagh.' ~ The late Canon
Scott of Belfast, a good authority on Church property,
gives (letter to writer) the following reason for the
annexation to the see of Armagh, namely : that
' Armagh had special claims to St. Patrick's churches
(and their properties) all over Ireland, and in many
cases got them.' At any rate the Primate became the
possessor of this property, which was subsequently
created into the ' Manor of Donaghmore, contayning
twelve townes and one Rectorie.' We are sorry for the
poor diocese of Dromore having been ignored in the
matter. This property would have added consider-
ably to its income (which in the latter part of the
fifteenth century was only about £40 !) and induced
its early bishops to remain in the diocese — many of
whom, it seems, owing to its poverty never saw it !
It is to be hoped the rich Primate did not fare so
sumptuously in those days as did a certain Archbishop
of York (certainly the poor Bishop of Dromore did not !)
who gave a dinner party in 1468 — of which the
' The Primacy of Armagh, p. 9.
- Antiquities, p. 306.
172 DONAGHMOEE
following are the details : 300 quarters of meat, 380
tuns of ale, 10 tuns of wine, 1 pipe of spiced wine, 8 fat
oxen, 6 wild bulls, 1004 sheep, 8,000 hogs, 800 calves,
3,000 geese, 3,000 capons, 300 pigs, 100 peacocks, 200
cranes, 200 kids, 2,000 chickens, 4,000 pigeons, 4,000
rabbits, 204 bitterns, 4,000 ducks, 400 herons, 200
pheasants, 500 partridges, 4,000 woodcock, 400 plover,
100 curlew, 100 quails, 100 parrots, 200 roes, 400
bucks, 5,506 venison pasties, 5,000 dishes of jelly,
6,000 custards, 300 pike, 300 bream, 8 teals, 4 por-
poises, 400 tarts ! There were 1,000 servitors, 62 cooks,
and 515 scullions engaged. We are still more sorry
for the poor parish of Donaghmore which, in truth,
had the best claim to its own ecclesiastical property,
given it, at an early period, by some pious chief or
native prince for the purpose of maintaining the church
and its teaching in this particular place ; and to divert
it from the use for which it was intended was simply
a violation of the conditions of the gift, while the aliena-
tion, so far as the Donaghmore church is concerned,
was nothing short of an act of confiscation. But the
church here did not suffer alone in this respect. Parish
churches in bygone times were robbed both right and
left, even with the consent of the ecclesiastical authori-
ties, and their endowments taken from them to enrich
the cathedrals, the bishoprics (when diocesan episco-
pacy was introduced), and the rehgious Orders.
It may be asked who were the Culdees, who owned
the church of Donaghmore and its lands ? Bishop
Reeves derives the name from the Celtic
Cele-de, Servus Dei — (anghcised, Culdee),
which Blunt informs us was afterwards corrected,
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHUECH 178
in the Pope's style, into Servus Servorum Dei. The
latter authority tells us that * their tendency was
to secularise religious offices and endowments rather
than to keep up strictness of life ' ^ ; while, according
to Dr. Joyce, they were ' distinguished for unusual
austerity and holiness of life.' ~
Surely we must be convinced of this ' unusual
austerity ' when we think of St. Domangard (St.
Donard), who belonged to the Order, early
in the sixth century, building his little
stone hermitage on the highest peak (subsequently
called in his honour ' Slieve Donard ') of the mountains
of Beanna Boirche (now the Mourne Mountains), where
amid winter's snows and summer's heat, for many
long years, in ' awful solitude he lived and communed
with God ' ; though we consider this holy man would
have exhibited a much purer type of religion, if, while
keeping himself ' unspotted from the world,' he had
come down from his lofty retreat and condescended
to ■ visit the widows and fatherless in their
affliction ' round about the mountains of Beanna
Boirche !
There is a popular behef that the monks of later
history ' ate and drank well ' ; but we must not accuse
St. Donard of either dehnquency, if we are to
judge from the simple fare to which he treated the
congregation of his church of Maghera (close to
Slieve Donard) every Easter Tuesday, viz. ' a
pitcher of ale and a larac or leg of beef with its
accompaniments.'
' See ' Culdees,' Dictionary of Sects.
- Social History, vol. i. p. 357.
174 DONAGHMOKE
The Culdees undoubtedly believed in and practised
austerity in every sense of the term. Bishop Mac Ere
of Slane, who was a Culdee, dined every
Bishop evening on ' an egg and a half, and three
of^Sl^e! sprigs of the cresses of the Boyne.' It is
to be feared His Grace of York (to whom
we have referred) would have ' turned up his nose '
at such unsumptuous fare ! Bishop Mac Ere of Slane,
however, was probably satisfied with his modest fare,
of which he was not unmindful that there should be a
plentiful supply (so far as eggs were concerned), for,
according to an old legend, the good man ' kept a flock
of geese to lay eggs for. him,' which by the way reminds
us, that much depends upon the size oi the egg in com-
puting the dimensions of the Saint's dinner !
There were seven or eight other Culdee establish-
ments in Ireland besides that at Armagh, but the
latter seems to have been the most important. In
920 Godfrey, son of Ivor the Dane, plundered Armagh,
but he spared the Culdees, their oratories and the sick
(' Annals of Ulster '). It is Hkely that Donaghmore
was eventually reduced to a simple benefice in connec-
tion with the Dean and Chapter at Armagh, which
could be held on certain conditions by any member of
the Order, as we find from a sentence (quoted by
Ussher) of an Archbishop of Armagh, in 1445, to
the effect that, ' the office of prior or an inferior Culdee
not being accounted a cure of souls, may be held with
any other benefice, provided the holder keep due
residence in the church of Armagh.' i The Order
continued to exist, though of much diminished im-
^ See Blunt's Dictionary of Sects.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHUECH 175
portance (acting in the inferior capacity of vicars
choral of the Cathedral), until the time of Archbishop
Ussher, who informs us that in his day the vicars
choral of Armagh and those of the collegiate church of
Cluaiiguish (Clones) were Colidei, and that the chief
of them (the Prior) served as precentor of the
Cathedral.
Donaghmore church was originally dedicated
to St. Mac Ere, who was practically its founder,
inasmuch as he laid the foundation of
Dedications ^^® Spiritual Superstructure and built it
up. It was the rule in the Celtic Church to
dedicate to the local saint, as in the case of Bishop
Mac Ere, and hence such dedications were more than
mere memorials. They were footprints, indicating that
where the church is, there, as a rule, the saint had
been, and so his name was naturally and rightly
linked with the church he established. It seems
such local dedications were generally discouraged
where the Roman Communion prevailed, conse-
cration to the Apostles or the Blessed Virgin being
preferred.
But we cannot ' throw stones ' at that Communion,
for our own did worse. It actually, in two instances
at least in the diocese of Dromore, in dedicating anew,
erased the name of the local saint— altogether forgetting
his memory and his work. The reason of the change
is to us wholly inexphcable, while it is to be deeply
regretted. When the present church edifice was
consecrated in 1741, the title of the church of St.
Bartholomew was substituted for that of St. Mac Ere.
We wonder what St. Bartholomew ever did for
178 DONAGHMOEE
Donaghmore ! The cathedral church of the diocese
(Dromore) has been affected in the same way. It was
originally called St. Colman's alter its founder and
first bishop, but subsequently took the name of the
' Cathedral of Christ the Kedeemer, of Dromore.'
The original church of Donaghmore stood about
sixty feet south of the present edifice, which must have
been in close proximity to the spot where
The Original ^^j^g qJ^ Celtic Cross was erected in memory of
Edifice of St.MacErc. Nothing is now known in regard
Donagh- to its proportions or architecture, save what
more : Early j^^y ]^q learnt about Irish churches gener-
Architecture. ^^^J ^^ ^^® time. All St. Patrick's churches
were, it seems, marked out on a uniform
scale, and measured from sixty to one hundred feet.
Primitive Irish churches generally were built after the
same model, though chapels for private or family uses
were much smaller, as e.g. St. MacDara's little church,
on the island called after that saint, off the coast of
Galway, the interior of which measures only fifteen by
eleven feet. Donaghmore church being founded in a
rath, was built of wood, as were the other buildings
within the enclosure or rampart. Indeed it was
customary to construct all churches of this material
after the fashion of the country at the time. Camp-
neys, who is undoubtedly one of our best authorities
on Irish ecclesiastical architecture, informs us that
the earliest Irish churches were built with a pair of
' crucks ' or bent timbers joined to form an inverted
fork at either end of the building, and united to each
other by a ridge beam ; they were walled with wattles
or boards, and thatched with reeds, rushes or straw.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHURCH 177
Stone churches (our author tells us) were for a long
time most exceptional in Ireland, the * Irish ' as
opposed to the ' Roman ' fashion being to ' build in
wood.' According to The Venerable Bede, St. Finan,
an Irish monk of lona, erected a church at Lindisfarne
in 652, which though, he tells us, fitting for the see of
a bishop, ' was built entirely in the Irish fashion, not
of stone but of cut oak, and thatched with reeds.'
The early churches in Ireland were rectangular,
never cruciform in shape, which, we are told, became
a ' national tradition there for churches small or
large,' while owing to the material and shape there
were no apses, the east end being square. ' In England
there was a long rivalry between the apse (derived from
Italy) and the square-ended form of church introduced
by the Irish missionaries.' i It is said on some
authority that the roof-shaped top which surmounts
the Celtic Cross in the churchyard was the pattern
of the ancient Irish church-roof. Ii so, we can
form some conception, as regards shape, of the
covering of the sacred edifice where the gospel was first
preached in Donaghmore. It was almost universally
the custom from the time of St. Patrick onwards to
build the churches east and west (as at Donaghmore)
and very seldom north and south. As an example of
the latter — north and south — it may be noted that
the very first church in which St. Patrick celebrated
divine service — viz. ' the sahall (saul) or barn given him
by Dichu at Saul, happened to be in this direction. ' ^
' See Arthur Champneys' Irish Ecchsiastical Architecture,
pp. 27-8.
^ See Joyce's Social History, vol. i. p. 358.
178 DONAGHMORE
The primitive wooden churches of Ireland had no
aisles, and were very simple and unpretentious ;
but after a time large and imposing edifices were built
of stone, often elaborately adorned with rich carvings
in stone and wood— the yew tree being in request—
a species of Avood on which Irish carvers exercised their
art in the highest perfection (see infra, Armagh
Cathedral). According to Champneys, the ' first
definite authentic mention of a stone church ' that
he knows of belongs to the year 789, when the ' Annals
of the Four Masters ' record that in a fight at Armagh
a man was killed ' in the door of the stone oratory.' i
We read of ' the stone church ' at Armagh being
burnt in 840, in 996, and again in 1020— when ' Ard-
Macha was all burned ' — including ' the great Damliac
(stone church).' -
A description of this venerable historical church
(Armagh Cathedral, founded by St. Patrick) as it
appeared in the early portion of the thir-
Armagh teenth century may interest some of our
Cathedral in , * < • ^ • l l '
i3(.l^Qgj^^m.y readers. A curious and nnportant poem
by a distinguished Ulster poet (' Book of
Tearan Connaill ') who flourished between the years
1220 and 1250 thus describes it :
The church of Armagh, of the poUshed walls,
Is not smaller than three churches ;
The foundation of this conspicuous church
Is one solid, indestructible rock.
Irish Ecclesiastical Architecture, p. 36.
Annals of the Four Masters.
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHUECH 179
* A capacious shrine of chiselled stone,
With ample oaken shingles covered ;
Well hath its polished sides been warmed
With lime as white as plume of swans.
' Upon the arches of this white-walled church,
Are festooned clusters of rosey grapes,
From ancient yew profusely carved ;
This place where books are freely read.' '
The early church towers were round, and detached
from the church edifice. The ' Round Towers ' of
Ireland were really ecclesiastical in their
Churdi origin, and, as such, served as ' church
Towers: towers.' The wildest theories have been
' Round \^^i([ jj;, regard to these structures in past
times — such, e.g., as that they were pagan
and of enormous antiquity. They were considered
tombs, pagan temples, minarets from which were
proclaimed druidical festivals, etc. The best and latest
authorities, however, have conclusively shown that
the ' Irish Round Towers ' had an ecclesiastical
origin, and that ' they have, or have had, invariably
a church or churches near them.' It is now generally
agreed, that these towers were first built about
A.D. SOO.
(1) They were — defence-refuges, where the clergy
might flee, taking with them theii' books, church
plate, etc.
(2) They were used as watch towers — though
probably not primarily intended for that purpose.
' See O' Curry's Manners and Custmns, vol. iii. p. 68.
N 2
180 DONAGHMORE
(3) They served as ' land-marks, to guide persons
to the church or monastery.'
(4) Though probably not at first intended — they
gave ' unity and dignity to the ecclesiastical estabHsh-
ment.'
(5) They were ' bell-houses.' When ' Ard-Macha
was burned ' in 1020— not only was the ' stone church '
burnt, but ' the Cloicthech with its bells.' Cloidhech
it may be noted, signifies in Irish a ' bell-house,' and
is now appHed to the Round Towers. i
The present church edifice of Donaghmore is a
comparatively modern building. It was erected in
1741, and consecrated on Tuesday, Sep-
Present tember 8 of that year, under the title (as
Church , V „ , ^ , , ^
Edifice. we have seen) of the Church of St. Bartholo-
mew. ' It was built by the Encouragement
and Bounty ' of Archbishop Boulter, Primate of All
Ireland.
The following item appears in the Parliamentary
Returns, 1739—' The Parishioners of Donaghmore
have presented £80 to be levy"^ to build a new
church in four years, and said Primate (Archbishop
Boulter) has promised to give timber to roof the
church and ten guineas to finish it.' The church
possesses no particular architectural design, except
that the windows are Gothic. The vestry was built in
The Vestry. ^^'^^' ^^^^ ^ handsome square tower was
added in 1829, ornamented with buttresses,
pinnacles and finials. The cost was defrayed by a
sum levied off the parishioners, and by voluntary
contributions.
' See Champneys' Irish Ecchsiastkal Architecture, pp. 49-52.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHURCH 181
The former bell was erected in the church tower
in 1829, at a cost of £160, levied off the landholders
of the parish in 1827 — the amount to be
ormer e . gp^.g^^j equally over that and the two suc-
ceeding years. This bell bore the inscription —
' Cast at Gloucester by John Euddell— 1829.'
Extensive improvements were made in 1879 —
including the erection of a chancel, a
stained east window, new pews, etc., at a
cost of £242 19s. 9d.
During the present rectorate further improvements
were made, and embellishments added. In 1883 two
' Tablets,' on which are inscribed the Creed,
Improve- the Lord's Prayer and the Ten Command-
ments and gj^^g ^^j.g placed on the walls on either
Embellish- ' ^
ments. side of the chancel arch — presented by the
late Arthur Charles Innes of Dromantine.
In 1885, two handsomely carved oak scrolls were
erected, one on the wall beneath the east window,
and the other on the chancel arch, on which are
respectively the texts in gilt letters, in relief : — ' Holy,
Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty ' — ' It is a good
thing to give thanks unto the Lord.' These were
gifts of Mrs. Imies (first wife of Arthur Charles Innes),
as were the two exquisitely wrought banners which
adorn the chancel walls, the beautiful alms basins, and
brass pulpit desk. The alms basins, which are of solid
brass, bear the monogram I.H.S., and the words (inter-
spersed with shamrock leaves and Maltese crosses) :
' It is more blessed to give than to receive.' ' Lay not
up for yourselves treasures in earth.' The pulpit desk,
which is of a very chaste design, bears the monogram
182 ' DONAGHMOEE
I.H.S. as does the handsomely carved oak desk on the
Holy Table, presented by Mrs. Todd, wife of the Eev.
Henry Todd, Eector of Camlough, who for abiUty
and scholarship has few equals in the Irish Church.
The church was renovated and new choir stalls added
in 1887. In 1905 the sacred edifice was again renovated
and heated with hot water at considerable cost.
A new bell was erected in the church tower in 1905,
cast by the Messrs. Tajdor of Loughborough, which
bears the following inscription : ' Eev. J. D.
The Bell. ^^,^3^, LL.D., Eector, 1905.' The bell
was dedicated, October 11 of that year, by the Bishop
of Dromore (Dr. Welland). The following are the
words of dedication : ' We dedicate this newly erected
bell to the glory of God, and to the Benefit of His Holy
House, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and
of the Holy Ghost.'
The church possesses a handsome marble font on
which is engraved the date, 1726. The carvings
are conventional in pattern, and not very
The Font : elaborate. The memorials of the dead
Memorials of . t ^ \ , ^ ^ . xi,
the Decad. consist of two mural (marble) tablets, on tne
north and south side-walls of the church.
That on the north, over the rectory pew, bears the
inscription : ' In loving memory of Eev. John Camp-
bell Quinn, M.A., Eural Dean, who for forty years
laboured in this parish of Donaghmore as Curate and
Eector, and departed this hfe November 15th, 1882.
" The Lord is my Shepherd." ' On the other tablet,
over the Innes pew, are engraved the words : ' To
the glory of God, and the dear memory of Arthur
Charles Innes-Cross, of Dromantine, J. P. and D.L.
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 183
for the County of Down, and formerly M.P. for Newry.
Born November 25th, 1834. Died April 14th, 1902.
Aged 67 years. " Blessed are the merciful, for they
shall obtain mercy." Erected by his wife.' The
tablet is surmounted vdth. the Innes-Cross arms,
crest and mottoes : ' Be Traiste ' and ' Certavi et
vici.'
Donaghmore was never a ' fat ' living, and especially
in its mediaeval days, as may be seen in the Eccle-
siastical Taxations of 1306, 1422 and 1546—
DoliTgimiore ^'^^® ^"^^^ ^* ^'^^^^^ ^^'^ ^^'^^^ ^^'^^ explain.
Living in in substance, as given by Bishop Reeves. i
Mediaeval The Kings of England and France in 1188
""^''' imposed upon their respective subjects a
tax (called ' Saladin's Tenths ') of one-tenth of their
movables and annual income for ' the relief of the
Holy Land,' i.e. its recovery from the Saracens. Sub-
sequently the tax became limited to the clergy, and
continued to be imposed, notwithstanding the fact
that the term crusade had lost its original meaning.
Both King and Pope seem to have become jointly
concerned in levying the tax, and in appropriating
the proceeds, as the case might be, according to their
respective necessities — which were generally rather
urgent ! In order to compute the amount payable
by the clergy, valuations of ecclesiastical property
were made at different times — that for Ireland being
completed in the beginning of the fourteenth century
—about the year 1306.
In the Ecclesiastical Taxation for the Diocese of
Dromore the following entry occurs : * The Church
' Introduction, Ecclesiastical Antiquities.
184 DONAOmiOEE
of Domiachmore— 205.— Tenth, 2s.' Thus the annual
income of the Vicar of Donaghmore in 1306-7 was the
handsome sum of twenty shilHngs ! That, however,
was a large income as compared with the lowest in the
dioceses of Down, Connor and Dromore which was
forty pence, as in the case of the chapels of Enacha
(Aghagallon), Thanelagh (Tamlaght), Acheli (Aghalee),
and Rosrelick. The richest benefice at the time was
that of Bile (Billy)— worth £36 ; while among the
moderate incomes were those of ' The Abbot of Yiride
Lingnum ' (Newry) and ' The Bishop of Drummore '
— ^each receiving ' 20 marks ' annually — i.e. £13 6s. Sd.
Two further valuations of the parishes in the diocese
of Dromore were made, one in 1422 and the other in
1546, both of which are among the tables of procura-
tions payable to the Primate in his Provincial Visita-
tions. In that for 1422 the following entry occurs :
' Ecclesia de Domnaghmore — 3 marc ' — i.e. £2. It
will thus be seen that tlie benefice had doubled in value
since 1306 — a circumstance which must have been
highly gratifying to the O'McCrelas — one of whom
was the vicar at the time. In the taxation of a similar
nature of ' all the benefices of the Diocese of Dromore '
in the year 1546, the value of Donaghmore has again
increased. The entry is ' Rector of Donnoghmore —
5 marc,' i.e. £8 9s. M. At this date Peter O'Mackrell
was in all probability Vicar of Donaghmore — having
succeeded his brother Donald, who died in 1534.
Donaghmore at the time seems to have been a kind
of ' family hving '—the O'McCrelas or O'Makrells
having held it for upwards of a hundred years.
Doubtless the position of the O'Makrells as here-
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHURCH 185
ditary herenachs of the manor had much to do in
obtaining for Peter, the Vicar, the princely annual
income of £3 9s. 4(1. !
The Royal Visitation Report (Marsh's Library) of
1622 is very meagre in regard to the parish — viz.
' Donogh — ^Rectory appropriate to the
f°^f . Archbishop of Armagh. — Proxies— 6-6. —
Visitation. ^, ,^. -^ , ,. T J -iu
The \ icarage presentation : endowed with
the third of all the tithes.' It may be noted that
Proxies or Procurations were the fees due to the Arch-
deacon for Visitation. They were originally so
called because the clergy visited were obliged to
procure meat, drink and provender for the Archdeacon
and his train when visiting. They were afterwards
allowed to be compounded in cash and payable by the
Rector or Vicar.
In the Parliamentary Returns (Public Record
Office, Dublin) we find the following item in the
return of the diocese of Dromore : —
Parliament- ' Donaghmore, a Vicarage, the rectorial
nGH^*"^"'"' Tythes in the Primate, has a small Glebe,
no house on it, and a church in tolerable
condition, served by a curate, the vicar (George
Vaughan) not resident, nor through infirmities capable
of serving. — January 1768.'
In 1828 it was resolved by the vestry (particulars
in vestry minutes) to bring the parish under the
operation of the Tithes Composition Acts.
of^TUhes'^" The annual composition of the rectorial
tithes was assessed at £251, and that of
the vicarial tithes at £200. The parties concerned
gave their assent to the composition — viz. the Primate,
186 DONAGHMORE
John Vaughan (the lessee of the manor), and the
Vicar — Marshall Joseph Mee.
There had been much opposition in the parish
to the payment of tithes, especially during the in-
cumbency of Eev. J. Mountgarrett, when
Anh-tithe -^ ^^^ found necessary to institute legal
Agitation. » 1 • p
proceedmgs for their enforcement, bo tar
as we can learn there was no valid reason for the
opposition in Donaghmore other than a grievance,
real or supposed, on the part of some outside the
church, that they should be obliged to pay towards
its support. If we are to believe Froude, it is to be
feared such cannot be said of all parishes in Ireland.
At the time (and indeed since 1786) a great anti-tithe
agitation was raging in Ireland, which culminated in
what is known as the ' Tithe War ' — commencing
about 1830, by which a large number of the clergy
and their families suffered great privations, amounting
in many cases to destitution. The agitation, at least
in the beginning, was not so much directed against the
clergy, as against the system of extortion resorted to
by some of the tithe proctors and tithe farmers who
became exorbitant in their exactions, and hence, as
often happens, the innocent suffer, while the sins of
the few are visited on the many. Froude is a preju-
diced writer ; but probably his strictures on the tithe
proctors and tithe farmers in many cases are justifiable
— even towards the close of the eighteenth century.
Our author informs us that as the century waned the
tithe proctor became more grasping and avaricious.
He exacted the full pound of flesh, and as his trade was
dangerous he required to be highly paid. ' He handed
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHURCH 187
to his employer (the Parson) perhaps half what he
collected. He fleeced the flock and fleeced their
shepherd.'
There were gradations in the profession. ' A tithe
farmer in active practice of his profession held of
another who held of a proctor, who held of a clergyman
who did not reside.' Their ' abominable extortions
furnished a tempting opportunity to the apostles of
anarchy,' who made the most out of every real or sup-
posed grievance. The Whiteboys in 1786 took up
the cause of the tithe payers, and made war with the
tithe proctors. In cases where Captain Eight con-
sidered them cruel, they were sentenced to death and
executed. Where their offences were judged by the
same authority as only moderate they were ' carded,'
which meant, ' they were stripped naked and tied with
their faces downwards, while a strong tom-cat was
dragged up and down their backs by the tail.' The
clergy, who had been ' distinguished for kindness and
liberality ' suffered, and, as ' the symbols of a tyrannical
system,' came under the condemnation of lawless
combinations. ' ]\Ien of the purest and most inoffensive
manners were torn from their beds at midnight.
Their wives and children were driven naked out of
doors, themselves rolled on dunghills, and hardly
suffered to escape with hfe.' Lord Luttrell told in
Parliament of a friend of his, who, riding out of
Carhngford, overtook a clergyman whose head was
bound in a napkin and seemed in great pain. On
being asked if anything was the matter the poor cleric
replied : ' Did you not see, sir, as you rode through
the town, two ears and a cheek nailed to a post ?
188 DONAGHMOEE
They were mine.' i All this was previous to the actual
' Tithe War ' of 1880.
The condition of things during the ' Tithe War ' is
thus graphically described by Lecky : ' The state of the
country was frightful, as O'Connell himself
^5^®'.'^'*'^® said — most respectable men could not get
their grass cut because they paid tithes.
The mail contractors could not get their coaches
horsed for the same reason. Repeated collisions took
place between the police or yeomanry and the peasants
in attempts to collect tithes. In one of these, which
took place at Newtonbarry in June, 1831, it was stated
that at least seventeen persons were killed and many
others seriously wounded. On another occasion not
less than eighteen pohce, including their commanding
officer, were killed, and not a single conviction followed.
The law was utterly paralysed. The clergy, deprived
of their lawful incomes, were thrown into the deepest
distress. Government came to their assistance by
advancing £C0 000 in 1832 for the clergy who had been
unable to collect their tithes in the preceding year,
and it undertook to collect the unpaid tithes of 1831.
The attempt was a signal failure. 1 he arrears for that
year were £104,000 ; and of that sum, after fierce
conflicts and much bloodshed, the Government re-
covered £12,000 at a cost of £15,000 ! In a great
many districts scarcely any one ventured to defy the
popular will by paying tithes. It was with difficulty
that the ordinary legal process of distraint was executed,
and when the cattle or crops of the defaulters were put
up by auction, no one dared to buy them. A lawless
' See Fronde's The Eynjlish in Ireland, vol. ii. p. -ifl-i.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHUECH 189
combination sustained by the consciousness of a real
grievance completely triumphed. A hundred and
ninety-six murders were committed in the year
1832.' 1
Tithes were not an institution of the ancient Irish
Celtic Church. Indeed they were almost unknown till
1172. In that year Pope Alexander III.
TuSil! "^^ornied King Henry II. that the Irish
Ireland. P^^^^ ^^° tithes, while Giraldus Cambrensis
makes a similar statement. True, the
Council of Kells (1152) had imposed them ; but, not-
withstanding, such were not generally paid till they were
enjoined by the Synod of Cashel (1172) — its decrees
having been ratified by King Henry. Bishop Doyle
(a Roman Cathohc), in a letter to the Marquis Wellesley
in 1823, states : ' Tithes in this country should always
have been odious, they were the price paid by Henry II.
and the legate Paparo to the Irish prelates, who sold
for them the independence of their native land, and
the birthright of their people. Until that period tithes
were almost unknown in this country. And from the
day of their introduction we may date the history of
our misfortunes ; they were not the only cause, but
they were an efficient cause of all the calamities which
followed.'
But to come back to the ParHamentary Eeturns,
which inform us of ' a small Glebe ' with ' no House
on it.' The Glebe House was erected in
an?La^dr ^^^^ (^^^® ^^ ^^^ ^^^^t gable), out-offices
built, and other improvements made at a
cost of £538 19s. Old. Towards payment of this
' Lmders of Public Opinion, vol. ii. p. 130.
190 DONAGHMOEE
amount the Commissioners of First Fruits granted the
sum of £100. The house (an old-fashioned structure
of three stories, the under story a basement with
kitchens and pantries) was built during the last year
of Francis Johnston's incumbency. In his will (1789)
he specifies certain mo. ies due him in respect to the
erection of the house — namely that he was * entitled
to £260 for so much of the cost of building the Glebe
House as his successor was to pay.' In 1816 extensive
repairs were executed in connection with the house at
a cost of £46 15s. lOd. A study was added in 1826—
the work being completed February 15 of that
year.
The amount opposite ' Dilapidations and Eepairs '
on the appointment of Marshall Joseph Mee as Vicar,
in 1824, was £175 15s. Qd. Mr. Mee had
1 apu a ions. ^ , j^^^jjj-j^g charge ' against his successor
for £64 12s. M., and also a certificate (dated January
25, 1834) for £183 12s. 2d., ' expended by him under
memorial.' On the appointment of his successor in
1858, the amount claimed towards dilapidations
amounted to £217 9s. M.^
After the Act of Disestablishment, which confis-
cated all ecclesiastical property (except the church
edifices and the graveyards attached there-
Turchase of to, which did not come under the Act of
RStor^""^ spoliation) the Representative Church Body
House. purchased, for the parish, 13a. 8r. 6p. of
the original glebe, together with the rectory
house and offices (a double set) — the government
valuation of which is £87. The amount to be paid by
^ Papers, Dioce/ie of Dromore, Public Record Office, Dublin.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHURCH 191
the parish in the transaction was £460 175. Id. which
remained as a debt due to the Church Body — while
the rector paid the interest on the amount as ' rent.'
In the Spring of 1898 an effort was made by the
parishioners to clear off this indebtedness — when a
bazaar was held (April 14 and 15) for that purpose —
the amount reahsed being £200. The Representative
Church Body and the Glebes Purchase Committee
of the diocese generously advanced, respectively,
the sum of £100 — thus leaving a balance due of
£60 17s. Id. By a further grant of £28 17s. Id. from
the Glebes Purchase Committee, and a local advance
of £32, this balance was paid the Representative Body
on July 19, 1909 — thus leaving the rectory house
and glebe lands free of ' rent.' We may state in this
connection that the annual value of the * small
glebe ' (60 acres) mentioned in the Parliamentary
Returns was estimated in 1828 at £105, as portion of
the clerical income — the vicar receiving besides (as
we have seen) £200 per annum from ' Tythes under
the Composition Act.'
The value of the benefice was considerably in-
creased in 1858 — when the vicarage was endowed
The Vicar ^^^^ ^^^^ rectorial tithes. ' Primate Beres-
age%ndowed ^ord by deed of May 1858, with the consent
with the of the Dean and Chapter (under Act 14
mhes"^^ and 15 Victoria), conveyed to the Rev.
John Campbell Quinn, Vicar, the Rectorial
Tithes, hitherto appropriate to the See of Armagh
endowing the Vicarage with these Tithes arising from
the townlands of :
192 DONAGHMORE
Held by Arthur Charles Innes
at rent ch. (less 25 per cent.)
of £85 2s. e,d.
Ballyblough ^
Bally lough
Corgary
Half Carrickrovaddy
Dromantme
Drummiller
Lurganarah
Half Carrickrovaddy . Rep. James Savage, £4 I65. 2d.
Ballymacrattymore | Earlof Clanwilliam,£21 19s.2d.
Bally macratty beg )
Bally macratty beg . John Heron, 16s. 8^.
Killysavan \ Repts. Gen. Meade, £31 15s. 2d.
Tullymore )
Maddydrumbrish')
Money more [ . Isaac Corry, £18 2s. Od.
Aughintober )
Derrycraw . . Fr. Colgan, £12 2s. lOd.
Total— ni 4 Us. 6^.' 1
At present the total value of the benefice is only
about £200 annually, and although we are not actually
Present starving on the meagre income, yet we are
Value of in better financial position than were the
BeneBce. gQ^^g of the old herenachs of the manor—
the fifteenth-century vicars, even considering that
during their long regime there was never a Mrs.
O'McCrela at the vicarage ! It should be stated, how-
ever, that the comparative value of money, say in
the fifteenth century and now, is totally different.
^ Churches <ij the Diocfse of Armagh in MS., by Bishop Reeves
(Armagh Libraryl.
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHUECH 198
Donaghmore church has never been highly favoured
in regard to benefactions. The only bequests we
are able to record are two small legacies —
lonb. ^^_^^ fj.QQ^ ]\/|j.g_ O'Hara {n^e Innes) of O'Hara
Brook, CO. Antrim, and another (1909) from Mrs.
Kidd {nee Mathers), wife of George Kidd of Buskhill.
It will be noticed by the census of 1911 that there
are only 141 Church of Ireland persons
The Church in the parish, but that number does not
and^C^nsur^^'^P^®*^®^^ ^^® Church congregation, which
1911. is composed of many besides, from the
parishes of Aghaderg and Newry, who
reside in the vicinity.
In the Public Record Office, Dubhn, there is a
long list of persons (upwards of fifty) excommimicated
in the parish of Donaghmore, for about
Excommuni- ^q^ y^ars from 1735, and of these only one
Penances. ^'^ recorded as belonging to the parish
church — viz. a churchwarden (for not pay-
ing parish money and making up his account), who
has left no representative in the parish bearing his
name. Opposite the names of the persons excom-
municated are the various crimes of which they were
guilty — three of whom we notice were excommunicated
for ' prophaining the Sobbath.' There is no record of
penances in these cases, but doubtless there were such.
In regard to ' penances ' we note in particular a case
in this diocese, in 1832, where the penitent was
' placed in the most conspicuous place in Dromore,
Maialin, and Donaghcloney the three Lords' Days
next,' and that he ' shall stand barefooted and in a
white sheet during the time of divine service in said
o
194 DONAGHMOEE
churches,' thus pubHcly confessing his actual sin in
the presence of God and the congregation, etc.
There are several old Service Books, formerly in
use, which are safely kept in the Glebe House. The
oldest Book of Common Prayer in our
Service possession has on the front cover the
following words, engraven in gold letters :
' Chapel of Armagh House — 1796 ' ; but this date is
evidently that of a rebinding. Unfortunately the
title-page is missing and the first three months of the
Calendar, with the Table of Lessons, and hence we
have no date ; but there is evidence in the ' Table of
the Moveable Feasts ' that the book was published in
1765. The State Prayers are for King George (George
III.), Queen Charlotte ; George, Prince of Wales,
and the Princess of Wales. The book is artistically
bound, in brown leather with gold stencillings and
-fieurs de lis, and is in a fairly good state of preservation
notwithstanding its age. It contains ' The Order for
Morning and Evening Prayer, Daily to be said and used
throughout the Year ' ; ' The Litany or General
Supplication ' ; the Collects, Epistles and Gospels ;
' The Order for the administration of the Lord's Supper
or Holy Communion ' ; ' The service for Holy Baptism ' ;
' The form of solemnisation of Matrimony,' and the
Catechism. On a fly-leaf are written in pencil the
words ' Nobody owns this Book,' but the statement
is incorrect ! The next Prayer Book in point of
antiquity is dated 1828 and was printed at the
Clarendon Press, Oxford, by * Samuel Collingwood
and Co.' It contains the usual services, also ' The
Articles of Religion,' and ' Constitutions and Canons
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 195
Ecclesiastical.' ' The Psalms of David,' by Tate and
Brady, are given, and ' An alphabetical Table shewing
how to find any psalm by its beginning.'
Another Book of Common Prayer, which is dated
M.D.CCC.XLVI, was ' Printed by George and John
Grierson (Dublin), Printers to the Queen's Most
Excellent Majesty.' It contains, besides the Services,
the Psalms (Tate and Brady) and ' Constitutions and
Canons Ecclesiastical.' There are two copies of ' The
book of the Administration of the Sacraments, and
other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, according
to the Use of the United Church of England and
Ireland ; together with the Form and Manner of
Making, Ordaining, and Consecrating of Bishops,
Priests, and Deacons.' These books are dated
MDCCCLX and were ' Printed by George E. Eyre and
Wilham Spottiswoode,' London. They are artistically
bound in leather, and bear in gold letters on the front
cover : ' Donoughmore Church, 1863.'
The Holy Bible formerly in use contains, at the
beginning of each book, a very good small engraving,
in which is placed artistically the first letter of the
opening chapter. The title-page is missing, but that
of the New Testament affords us the following informa-
tion in regard to printer and date : ' Dublin : printed
by George Grierson, Printer to the King's most excel-
lent majesty, at the King's-Arms and Two-Bibles
in Essex Street, M.D.CC.XLL'
The Bible now in use bears on the front cover
in gold letters the date 1845. It was printed at [he
Pitt Press, Cambridge, M.D.CCC.XXXIX, by William
Parker, University Printer.
196 DONAGHMORE
The Service Books in use are dated MDCCCCI. On
the front binding of each are engraven in gold
letters the words : ' Donaghmore Parish Church,
1905.'
The church plate consists of a paten and chaHce
of solid silver— both of which are very fine and heavy.
The former has the Irish hall-mark for the
Plate^^"'°^' year 1724, and the latter for that of 1825.
There are besides a flagon and large plate —
both of plated ware. The following is the inscription
on all four : ' Parish of Donoughmore — Rev. Marshall
Mee, Vicar, 1825.'
In this connection we will give the Rural Dean's
report in 1824— the Rev. Marshall Mee, Vicar—' Folio
Bible — bad, very bad. Three quarto Prayer
Report of Books very bad. A pewter Chalice and
R.u-alDean. pia|.g_|3a^^ Surplice tolerably good, but
no napkin.' (Rural Deans' Returns, Public
Record Office, Dublin).
Owing to the loss or destruction of records it is
impossible to give more than a few of the Vicars of
Donaghmore in mediaeval times, but un-
Vicflirs oi
Donaghmore. doubtedly the following held the Benefice :
A.D. 1403. — John 0 Mccrela was presented by the
Primate to the Parish church of
Donnachmore.
A.D. 1440. — John 0 Mckerrell, ' Rector of Dompnach-
mor ' died.
A.D. 1440. — Gelacious 0 McKerrell was appointed
John's successor.
A.D. 1487. — ' John Omakrell, Rector of Dompnachmor.'
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHURCH 197
A.D. 1534.— Donald Omakrell, Vicar of Donaghmore,
died.
A.D. 1534. — Peter Omakrell was appointed Donald's
successor.
Bishop Reeves, to whom we are indebted for the
above information, ^ observes that the reason for the
same name prevailing in these appointments
Herenachs. ^^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^ ^^^^ position this family occu-
pied as hereditary herenachs of the manor of Donagh-
more. In consequence of the tribal organisation of the
Irish Church there was a tendency to family succession
in ecclesiastical and semi-ecclesiastical offices. The
office of bishop and abbot frequently ran in famihes,
as did the position of herenach, and hence we find the
latter often hereditary, as in the case of the O'Makrells.
A herenach w^as at first the superintendent of the
church lands and the hereditary warden of the church.
Originally, whoever founded a church was obliged to
endow it with certain possessions for the maintenance
of those who were to attend God's service therein,
nor could such be consecrated till the instrument of
donation was delivered by the founder. The endow-
ment consisted chiefly of lands (and, as in Donaghmore,
' lands next adjoining ' unto the church) ' with servants
appertaining thereunto, free from all temporal im-
positions and exactions.' In order that those who
ministered in holy things might dedicate themselves
'onely to praier and the service of God,' herenachs were
appointed to ' manure and occupie those landes,' as
managers or stewards. They were originally clergyn.en,
' Ecclmastical Antiquities, p. 112.
198 DONAGHMORE
and belonged to an order of archdecacons. Indeed
' Archdiaeonus and the Herenache have in the Irish
tongue both the same name.' The deacons had the
special care of the poor and strangers and the dis-
posal of ecclesiastical monies, but the archdeacon (not
the order of archdeacon of higher rank, who exercises
jurisdiction under the bishop) was Herenach of the
church lands. Subsequently the office fell into the
hands of laymen, Avho with the Coarhes, the successors
of the church-founding saints, privately enriched them-
selves and their families by not only appropriating to
their own uses profits intended for the church benefit,
but by taking actual possession, in many cases, of the
old church lands as absolute owners — out of which
they were good enough to pay certain contributions, in
money or kind, towards ecclesiastical purposes. When
diocesan bishops were introduced in the twelfth
centur\% it was decreed that every ' corbe or herenagh
should give unto the Bushopp (within whose diocese he
lived) a yerely pension, more or less, according to his
proportion out of his entire erenachie.' To this decree,
we are told, the ' corbes and herenages submitted
themselves, but hold their herenagie free for ever, and
could not be removed by any of the temporale or
spirituale lords, or other person whatsoever.'
In the dioceses of Derry, Eaphoe and Clogher a third
part of the ecclesiastical property in the herenach's
hands was assigned to the bishop for his support, the
other two-thirds being allotted to church repairs,
keeping of hospitality and the maintenance of the
herenach. In Connaught the bishop had a fourth
part, etc. In the several dioceses different customs
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 199
prevailed for the distribution of church revenues. It
may be noted that long after this old order of things
had grown everywhere out of use it still remained in
vogue in the north of Ireland. ^
But to return to the Vicars of Donaghmore.
1634. — In this year Richard Pudsey, Vicar of
Donaghmore, died.
1634. — August 12, Patrick Dunken was appointed
to the parish with that of Garvaghy. He was made
Prebendary of Dunsport (or Dunsfort) in 1640. He
seemed to have figured prominently at the time of the
Rebellion, and was afterwards a ' Deponent.' The
following reference to him is taken from the Common-
wealth MSS. in the Public Record Office, Dublin:
' 26 September 1660, ordered that he (Rev. Patrick
Dunken) should enjoy the Preb. of Dunsport, County
Down, and Vicarage of Donaghmore, County Down,
which he held before the rebellion, and from which he
and his family were driven by the rebels.' "-
1661. — John Coffin was Vicar.
1667. — ^October 26, Henry Harrison was appointed
by the Primate to the Parishes of Kilbroney and
Donaghmore.
1669. — March 25, Michael Matthews was appointed
Vicar.
1682. — September 21, Jeremiah Radham was
appointed to the parishes of Seapatrick, Donaghmore,
and Aghaderg (Diocese of Dromore) with Donegore
and Kilbride (Diocese of Connor) by faculty. It is
* See Ussher's works, vol. jd. pp. 419-445 ; King's Holy CatJiolic
Chtirch, p. 461 ; Reeves' Antiquities, p. 161.
" According to some authorities Patrick Dunken was expelled
from Dunsfort by the Cromwellians and not by the Rebels.
200 DONAGHMOEE
to be hoped that the reverend gentleman faithfully
discharged the spiritual duties of his little
' diocese ' !
1690.— November 8, John Wetherby, F.T.C.D.,
Avas appointed Vicar of Donaghmore. In 1710 he
was made Archdeacon of Connor, Prebendary of
Dromara, and Dean of Emly, and in 1713, Dean of
Cashel. He was Scholar, T.C.D., 1687 ; B.A., 1689 ;
M.A.,1693; Fellow,1694 ; B.D.,1700 ; and LL.D.,1706.
Dean Wetherby died at his lodgings, Fade Street,
Dublin, Tuesday July 14, 1736, and was buried on
the 21st at St. Nicholas Within, Dubhn. On his
resignation of the Vicarage of Donaghmore, Oliver
Gardner was appointed.
1734.— OHver Gardner, Vicar of Donaghmore,
died. B.A. (T.C.D.), 1682, and M.A., 1685.
1734.— March 13, Paul Twigge was appointed
Vicar. He was instituted April 3, 1735, and resigned
in 1740. B.A. (T.C.D.), 1721, and M.A., 1724.
1740. — August 8, Alexander Naismith became
Vicar. He was instituted August 20, and inducted
by William Eowan, Vicar of Seapatrick and Maghe-
rally, on 22nd of that month. At the Visitation, 1740,
he was appointed ' to preach next visitation sermon.'
He died 1758.
1758. — April 18, George Vaughan was presented to
the living and inducted May 26. He became B.x\.
(T.C.D.), 1732, and was some time Eector of Dromore
and Annaclone. He was second son of John Vaughan,
B.A. (who was also Kector of Dromore and Annaclone),
by Anne ,his wife, sister of the Eight Eeverend Ealph
Lambert, D.D., Bishop of Dromore. He married
DONAGHMOEE PAEISH CHUECH 201
Margaret Smith of Clontibret, co. Monaghan.
He died May 14, 1794. His second son, George,
married Anne, daughter of Alexander Montgomery
of Bessmount Park, co. Monaghan, and was grand-
father of George Montgomery Vaughan of Quilly,
CO. Down, J.P., B.A. (T.C.D.). He married Frances
St. Laurence, daughter of General Hon. Arthur
Grove-Annesley, third son of Eichard, second
Earl Annesley, and by her had issue (surviving) :
Eev. George Yaughan, M.A. (Camb.), now of Quilly,
and Eector of St. Michan's, Dublin ; Francis Warden
Arthur Annesley ; Ernest Llewellyn ; Alice Katherine,
who married the Eev. Joseph Quinn, M.A., Eector of
Annalong, co. Down, and Margaret Beatrice, who
married Ealph de Seton Dudgeon, 25th Bombay Eifles.
1769. — March 14, Thomas Sacheverell (curate of
Ballymore) became Vicar, and was instituted April 6.
He was second son of Henry Sacheverell and his wife
Ehzabeth of Ballinteggart, co. Armagh. He w^as
educated at Armagh under Mr. Martin, entered T.C.D.
June 15, 1719, aged 18 years. B.A., 1724. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of William Crozier of
Stramore (who survived him). Li his will, dated
April 23, 1775, and proved July 15 following, he desired
to be buried at the north side of the church of Donagh-
more, opposite the steeple, as privately as possible.
He bequeathed property in Tandragee to his widow and
legacies to his niece Hester, daughter of his brother
William, and the children of his nephew Meredith
Atkinson, and appointed Thomas Kelly, Eichhill,
executor. He was descended from Francis Sache-
verell (son of Henry Sacheverell of Eeresby,
202 DONAGHMOEE
Leicestershire, and his wife Gertrude, daughter of John
Hunt of Lyndon, co. Rutland) by his wife Frances,
daughter of WilHam Gilbert of Lockboe, Derbyshire.
Francis Sacheverell, who was born 1574, obtained
in 1611 (9th James L) from the Crown a grant of 2000
acres then called Mullalelish and Leggacorn, co. Armagh
(now known as the Richhill Estate), which, on his death,
descended to his eldest son Francis Sacheverell (men-
tioned with his brothers Henry and William in the
Muster Roll of Ulster for 1631, the other brother,
Eev. Clarence, being Rector of Reresby), on whose
death in 1649 the estate passed to his only child Ann,
by his wife Dorothy, eldest daughter of the Right Hon.
Sir John Blennerhassett, P.C., Lord Chief Baron
of the Exchequer, and his wife Ursula, daughter of
Edward Duke. Ann Sacheverell married Major
Edward Richardson, M.P. for co. Armagh (Foster's
* Funeral Certificates of Nobility and Gentry ' and
' Ulster Inquisitions ').
Rev. Thomas Sacheverell's sister Lettice married
Thomas Woolsey (Settlement December 1, 1722), and
from her the late John Buckby Atkinson and Andrew
G. Sloan of Portadown are descended.
1775. — Jaly 19, Francis Johnston was collated per
mortem Thomas Sacheverell. He appears at Visitation,
August 15, 1775. A ' Francis Johnston ' was Scholar
(T.C.D.), 1735, and B.A., 1736. Francis Johnston
(younger son of James Johnston of Tremont and Car-
rickbreda, and grandson of the first Presbyterian
minister of Donaghmore) married (Settlements dated
December 17, 1780) Anne, daughter of John Martley of
Ballyfallon, co. Meath, by Clementina his wife, daughter
DONAGHMOEE PARISH CHURCH 203
of the Rev. Robert Meares, Rector of Almoritia,
third son of Lewis Meares of Meares Court, co. West-
meath, Francis Johnston had a son James and
daughters Clemena and Eleanora, who married in
1831 Hubert Kelly Waklron, J.P., D.L., of Drumena,
CO. Leitrim, and Ashfort, co. Roscommon (High
Sheriff, co. Leitrim, 1832), and had a son — Captain
Hubert Kelly James John Johnston Waldron, 31st
Regiment. Francis Johnston's will, dated April 25,
1789, was proved June 27 of the same year. He died
June 13, 1789.
1789.— October 20, Brabazon Smith, M.D., became
Vicar. Dr. Brabazon Smith, formerly of Limerick,
married a daughter of Dean Hoare. He died in Newry,
April 9, 1816. The following entries occur in the
register of burials : ' Sarah, wife of Rev. Brabazon
Smith, M.D. .Vicar of Donaghmore, was buried July 30,
1796 ' ; ' Rev. Michael Smith, D.D., Precentor of the
Diocese of Dromore, Rector of the Parishes of Maralin
in the Diocese of Dromore, and the Parish of Tynagh
in the Diocese of Clonfert, Prebendary of in said
Diocese, and Chaplain of his Majesty's Garrison of St.
Vincent in America, was buried August , 1796.'
1816. — March (April 7 ?), John Mountgarrett was
appointed to the benefice — having been promoted from
the curacy of Drumbanagher, where he was held in
bigh esteem. We take the following reference to him
from the local Press : ' Mr. Mountgarrett has for nearly
half a century distinguished himself by a pious and
exemplary discharge of his duty as curate of Drum-
banagher church in the Parish of Killeavy. A strong
proof of the respect and attachment of his late flock
204 DONAGHMORE
has been evinced by their voluntary proposal to plow
and harrow his present glebe containing 40 acres.
In the preferment of this venerable gentleman, his
Grace, the Lord Primate, has given additional proof of
his earnest desire to reward merit, and still fm-ther
exalt the character of the estabhshed church,' i The
parishioners of Drumbanagher presented him with an
address, April 23, 1816. He died at the Glebe House,
March 1, 1824, and was buried in Drumbanagher
churchyard. His tomb bears the following inscription :
' Here lie the remains of the Rev. John Mountgarrett,
Vicar of Donaghmore, who died the 1st March, 1824,
aged 82.' Mary, his widow, died September 80, 1828.
His younger son Warren, senior captain of the Armagh
Militia, died January 31, 1851.
1824. — March 1, Marshall Joseph Mee was appointed
Vicar by the Primate. The Mees were a County Cavan
family. From a Chancery Bill (' Nixon versus Mee,'
entered June 12, 1772) we find that John Mee lived
at Butler's Bridge, co. Cavan. His eldest son,
Marshall Mee, married in 1743 Elizabeth, daughter
of Edward Reilly of Tullyco, co. Cavan, and was
drowned October 1758, on his passage from England,
where he had been on business about his lands in
Leicestershire, leaving, with two daughters, an only
son, George Mee. Mrs. Marshall Mee married, secondly
(Licence Bond December 6, 1769), Matthew Nixon,
J.P., CO. Cavan, second son of the Rev. Andrew
Nixon, of Nixon Lodge, near Belturbet. Marshall
Joseph Mee was a a son of the above George Mee.
He entered Trinity College, Dublin, on March 7,
1796, aged seventeen. Scholar, 1798. B.A., 1800.
' Neury Telegraph, April 9, 1816,
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 205
(Wrongly given in Dr. Todd's "' Catalogue of Grad-
uates ' as James Marshall Mee.) He was a curate
of Tynan, co. Armagh, when appointed Vicar of
Donaghmore, On his promotion the parishioners of
Tynan at a largely attended meeting, April 19, 1824,
passed a number of resolutions of a highly com-
plimentary character regarding him and his work in
that parish, one of which was as follows :
' That the thanks of the Parish are justly due and
are hereby given to him for his zealous and effective
discharge, for the twenty-two years that he has lived
among us, of the several important duties attached
to his late office, which will long be remembered by the
inhabitants of this extensive and populous district
with grateful and reverential affection.'
He died July 20, 1857, and was buried in Donagh-
more parish churchyard. His wife, Susanna, died
March 31, 1831, aged 55 years.
1857. x\ugust 18, the Lord Primate appointed
John Campbell Quinn Vicar of the Parish. Mr. Quinn
was ordained by the Bishop of Kildare, August 10,
1834, for the Curacy of Ballygawley, co. Tyrone.
He became curate of Drumbanagher, co. Armagh, in
March 1836, and curate of Donaghmore in December,
1842. He was Rural Dean of Aghaderg, and a member
of the Diocesan Council.
He was second son of John Quinn of Newry, and of
Drum, CO. Monaghan, by his wife Mary, daughter of the
Rev. William Campbell, D.D., Vicar of Newry, who was
brother of the Rev. Thomas Campbell, LL.D., Chancellor
of Clogher, the well-known historian and friend of
206 DONAGHMOEE
Doctor Johnson, mentioned in Boswell as ' the Irish
Dr. Campbell.' He was born in 1811, and was
educated at Dr. Henderson's School, Newry, and
at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1832. and M.A.,
1839). He married October 18, 1837, Mary Stuart,
youngest daughter of Trevor Corry of Abbey Yard,
Newry, J. P. and D.L., by whom he had issue (among
others), viz. John Thomas Campbell Quinn of Tower
Hill, J.P. (deceased) ; James Quinn ; Rev. William
Quinn, Vicar of West Bradley, Glastonbury ; Mary
Louisa, married Rev. J. T. Kingsmill, D.D. (T.C.D.),
Rector of Hockering, Norfolk ; Norah Anne Ehzabeth,
married Rev. Richard Plummer, D.D. (T.C.D.), Rector
of Ashfield, co. Cavan ; and Alice Eva Jane, married
Rev. Walter G. Morgan, B.A. (Durham), Vicar of St.
Stephen's, Norwich. Mr. Quinn died at Rostrevor,
November 15, 1882, and was buried in St. Patrick's
churchyard, Newry. His widow died at Bath,
November 27, 1891.
1882.— November 24, the present Rector was
appointed by the Board of Nomination, and was
instituted on December 12 following by the Bishop.
The writer is informed by a competent authority that
it is not considered correct to make any special reference
to himself. It may be stated, however, that he
married April 30, 1901, Edythe Huntington, youngest
daughter of the late Rev. Robert Whitaker, M.A., of
Trinity College, Cambridge, and Rector of Scorboro-
cum-Leconlield (East Yorkshire), and Mrs. Whitaker
of Figham House, Beverley, and granddaughter of
Commander Whitaker, R.N., and Wilham Duesbery
Thornton-Duesbery of Skelton Hall and Gransraoor
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 207
Lodge, J.P. and D.L. for the East and North Ridings
of Yorkshire.
The following were curates of the Parish of
Donaghmore :
1725.— Skelton.
1727.— Henry McCullough.
1728.— Thomas Barton, licensed October 1.
1729.— Samuel Burgess, M.A., licensed September27.
1732.~Henry McCullough, M. A., hcensed December
26 ; Scholar, T.C.D., 1726 ; B.A., 1728, and M.A. 1731.
1735. — James Dickson, licensed September 22 ;
Scholar, T.C.D., 1719 ; B.A., 1721.
1742. — James Dixon.
1758._Mordaunt Hamilton. A 'Mordaunt Hamil-
ton' was Scholar, T.C.D., 1724; B.A., 1726, and
M.A., 1729.
1759. — Haskett, or Hacket.
1764.— John Martin.
1768. — George Howse — who was probably a son
of the Archdeacon of Dromore (1742 . He may have
been the Rev. George Howse who became Vicar of
Kilbroney (Rostrevor), August 18, 1768.
1769. Lindsay.
1789.— John Price, B.A. (T.C.D.), 1779.
1790.— John Mountgarrett.
1791. — William Henderson.
1795._Wimam Leslie, B.A. (T.C.D.), 1788.
1796.— James Glass.
1801.— James Anderson. A 'James Anderson' was
B.A. (T.C.D.), 1796, and M.A., 1832.
1823.— James Rigg.
1833. — Norman Johnston.
208 DONAGHMOEE
1842.— John Campbell Quinn, subsequently Vicar,
and later Rector.
1858.— George Brydges Sayers, B.A. (T.C.D.),
Senior Moderator (Math.), 1853 ; Div. Test., 1854 ;
Deacon, 1854, Priest, 1855. Curate of Dunluce, 1854-8 ;
Donaghmore, 1858-65 ; Ballywillan, 1866-9 ; Vicar
of Templecorran and Kilroot, 1869-76 ; Rector of
Islandmagee, 1870-6 ; Vicar of Ballinderry, 1876
(which position he held till the time of his death);
Prebendary of Kilroot, 1875 ; Rural Dean of Lisburn,
1876. He died June 16, 1903. His widow (Sarah
Jane) died November 4, 1912.
1866.— William James Askins, B.A. (T.C.D.), 1865 ;
Div. Test. 1866 ; M.A., 1869. Deacon, May 27,
1866 ; Priest, December 21, 1867. Curate of Donagh-
more, 1866-72; Rector of Dunany, co. Louth, 1872,
where he remained till his death in April, 1895. He
married Jane, daughter of Francis King, D.D., Arch-
deacon of Dromore and Rector of St. Patrick's, Newry.
1870.— Ribton McCracken— Div. Test., T.C.D.,
1872 ; B.A., 1873 ; M.A., 1881 ; Deacon, 1870 ; Priest,
1871 ; Curate of Donaghmore, 1870-83 ; St. Nicholas,
Carrickfergus, 1883-6 ; Christ Church, Belfast, 1887 ;
Portadown, 1887-92 ; Rector of Jonesborough, co.
Armagh, 1892 ; Rural Dean of Creggan, 1895, and
member of the Armagh Diocesan Council. He married
Julia Maria Gray, daughter of the Rev. Edward
Edmond Brett, Rector of Rathmackmee, co. Wexford.
The appointment to the benefice since Disestab-
lishment rests with a Board of Patronage,
Parochial ^-^jich consists of three parochial and a
Nominators. » t
similar number of diocesan nominators,
with the Bishop.
DONAGHMORE PARISH CHURCH 209
The first record in the vestry minutes (which are
missing from 1869 till 1876) of the appointment of
Parochial Nominators is that dated July 26, 1876, when
the following were chosen to the office : Arthur
Charles Innes, Samuel Gordon and William Glenny.
At a vestry meeting, April 23, 1878, Joseph Patterson
was chosen nominator in the place of William Glenny
(deceased). From 1879 till 1902, Arthur Charles
Innes, Samuel Gordon and Joseph Patterson were
trienially elected to the office. On the death of Mr.
Innes-Cross (1902), George Gordon was appointed
in his place. In 1903 Colonel Garden, Samuel
Gordon and Joseph Patterson were elected, and
continued in office till 1911, when Arthur Charles
Wolseley Innes-Cross was appointed in the place
of Colonel Garden (deceased). In 1912 these
persons were reappointed, as were (for the first
time) the following Supplemental Nominators :
George Gordon, James Johnston Robinson, M.B.,
and William Mathers.
Samuel Gordon of Mountkearney and Curley
House has been a Parochial Nominator, Hon. Secretary
and Parochial Treasurer since 1876. The
G^Klon church owes him a debt of gratitude for his
successful efforts during all these years,
both in regard to its finances and all that con-
cerns its welfare. He is a graduate of Trinity
College, Dublin, and a magistrate for the County
of Down. He married Georgina, daughter of the
late Rev. Edward Edmond Brett, Rector of
Rathmackmee, co. Wexford and has had issue,
George Annesley, Percy Herbert (deceased) and
Arthur Charles.
210 DONAGHMOEE
William Glenny of Glenville was second son of
Isaac Glenny, the antiquary, whose father and
grandfather (both named Isaac) resided at
William Glenville, now owned by James Swanzy
' ^""y* Glenny, J. P. William Glenny died
January 3, 1878. His brother, the Rev. Isaac
Glenny, B.A., was for some time curate of St.
Mary's, Newry.
Joseph Patterson has been a Nominator since
1878. He has always evinced a deep interest in the
welfare of the church and has been a
Joseph generous contributor to its funds. He
is a member of a much respected family,
the Pattersons of Ballykeel. His father, Wilham
Patterson, married Fanny, daughter of Hill Wills
Maginnes (a lineal descendant of the great family
of that name), whose not distant forbears owned a
portion of the Maginnes property, viz. the townlands
of Ballykeel, Cullen and Lurgancahone.
George Gordon of Maryvale (brother of Samuel
Gordon of Mountkearney) has been for many years
the warm and constant friend of
George Donaghmore Church, which is indebted
Gordon. ° » i • i i
to him for many acts of kmdness and
generosity. He married (as we have seen) Mary
Alice Eden, daughter of Edward Smithson Corry, by
whom he had issue. Sydney George, physician,
Nottingham (married, November 1912, Muriel, daughter
of the late Lieut. -Colonel Finnis), and Edward Corry
(deceased). Mrs. Gordon died February 1, 1906. She
was a loving wife, a fond mother, and an estimable
Christian and Churchwoman, and her demise continues
DONAGHMOEE PAKISH CHURCH 211
to be keenly felt not only by the members of her
family, but by the writer (who received from her many
tokens of friendship) and the large and admiring circle
who had the pleasure of her acquaintance.
Colonel Henry Parry Carden was both Nominator
and Eector's Churchwarden. By his death in the
hunting field, December 19, 1910, the
Colonel church lost an ardent lover, and the
Lardcn. • i i
writer a true and constant friend — whose
demise he deeply laments. Colonel Carden was a son
of Colonel Carden of Knightstown, Portarlington,
and grandson of Sir Henry Carden, Bart., of
Templemore. He served in the Egyptian War of 1882,
and for his services he received the Khedivial Star and
third-class Medjidie. He also took part in the Nile
Expedition in 1884-5, and for his conduct in the £eld
was mentioned in despatches, and was granted the
rank of brevet-major. On his return heme he was
appointed to the command of the Duke of Cornwall's
Light Infantry, stationed at Newry, and subsequently
Commandant of the Discharge Depot at Fort Erock-
hurst, Gosport. He £lled this onerous and important
position with distinction for five years, when (August
1904) he retired from the army with the rank of
colonel. He was a magistrate for the County of Down.
He married, August 26, 1897, Mrs. Greer of Savalmore
(granddaughter of John Boyd, M.P. and D.L.), widow
of Edward Nugent Greer. He is survived by Mrs.
Carden and two children, Catherine Constance and
Sybil Parry, and two stepchildren, Eleanor Beryl
and Araby Mona. These good young people presented
the church, as a Christmas gift (1907), with an
p 2
212 DONAGHMORE
exquisitely worked set of markers for the Service Books
(for Festivals). Accompanying the gift were the
words : ' To the Glory of God, and for use in Donagh-
uiore Church—These six markers were worked by
Dona de Winton (cousin) and given to the church by
Beryl, Mona, Kitty and Sybil. — Christmas 1907.'
James Johnston Robinson, M.B. (T.C.D.), is the
second son of the late Rev. George Robinson, M.A.,
Rector of Tartaraghan, co. Armagh, by
J.J.Robin- i^-g ^^-fg Augusta, eldest daughter of
the Honourable Andrew Godfrey Stuart,
son of the Earl of Castlestuart. He married,
October 23, 1889, Katherine, daughter of John
Lindsay, J. P., of Tullyhenan, co. Down. Dr.
Robinson contributed the generous sum of £50
towards the Auxiliary Fund of the Church of Ireland
—which was the largest amount subscribed in the
parish.
William Mathers is descended from a family who
have had a long and honourable connection with
Donaghmore Church, and have supplied
William ^j^g parish with many churchwardens for
upwards of a century and a half. William
Mathers, his forbear, was churchwarden in 1771,
while his brother (George) acts in that capacity for
1912-13. Two of the Mathers family have dis-
tinguished themselves in Canada : viz. Isaac Henry
Mathers (Assistant Receiver- General) and his son
Henry Isaac (Norwegian Consul at Halifax) — both
of whom have been honoured by King Haakon of
Norway, who recently conferred on them the order
of the Knighthood of' St. Olav.
CHAPTER V
DONAOHMOEE PARISH VESTRY BOOKS
The two oldest books containing the vestry minutes
of Donaghmore Parish are kept in the church safe
w^ith the parochial records. The earlier
Former minutes of the vestries are interesting
Functions of t • n ^ i i_
Vestries. reading, especially to modern vestrymen,
and to those who are now responsible for
the repair of our roads and the maintenance of the
poor, as showing the functions of these bodies in
former times, and as containing the names of those
who in bygone days managed the affairs of the parish,
both civilly and (largely) ecclesiastically. Vestries
formerly levied the church cess and parish rate, and
had charge of the roads and the poor. In the oldest
vestry book of Donaghmore parish the vestrymen
present appended their names to the minutes, which
were read before the meeting adjourned, after the
custom of the time, and although parishioners, they
were evidently not all churchmen, nor was it necessary
that they should be such. Vestries have a Common
Law origin, but were subsequently recognised by Act
of Parliament. The tendency of Statute Law has
always been to curtail the civil functions of vestries
and vest them in authorities other than ecclesiastical.
214 DONAGHMOKE
A vestry was originally a public meeting of all the
rated inhabitants of the parish, and havnrg generally
met in the vestry, where the clergyman kept his
vestments, the gathering came to be called a ' vestry.'
Owing to the brief space at our disposal a limited
number of short extracts from the vestry records
must suffice, while only subjects of special interest
will be inserted in notes. The spelhng in extracts,
and of surnames, is that given in the vestry books.
The first page of the earliest vestry book is missing ;
but it evidently contained the minutes of a meeting
held at Easter, 1771 — the names of those
V^estry present being given on the second page —
mT-to" viz. Thos. Sacheverell (Vicar), James John-
ston (son of Kev. James Johnston, the first
Presbyterian minister of Donaghmore), Thos. Marshall,
John Marshall, Joseph Marshall, John Marshall, Hugh
Marshall, and three others whose names are effaced.
The cess applotters were Archibald Lowry and Thomas
Marshall. The Marshalls formerly composed
??® , „ a numerous clan in Donaghmore — the two
Marshalls. ^
principal families residmg at Buskhill and
Annaghbane (later at Tullymurry).
The Buskhill family is still represented by the
Misses Marshall (Buskhill), and George Marshall
(Fourtowns). Dr. Hugh Marshall of Annaghbane was
the father of John Marshall of Tullymurry House —
who had issue, viz. Hugh, John, Joseph, Margaret
Anna, Ehzabeth, Mary, and Robert (the only survivor
and not resident in the parish). Dr. Hugh had two
daughters, one of whom (Mary) married George Scott
and the other (Anna) Dr. Morrison — both of Newry.
A daughter (Anna) of Dr. Morrison married the Rev.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 215
F. J. Lucas, D.D., Rector of Mountmellick, and another
(Marion) Dr. Hayes, A.M.S. Mrs. Lucas (died Feb-
ruary 14, 1903) bequeathed to the Representative
Church Body the sum of £50 — the interest thereon
to be apphed towards the upkeep of the family tomb
in the churchyard.
Towards the repair of roads, the vestry, October 2,
1771, agreed that ' one penny an acre be applotted
and levied oft' the inhabitants ' of the parish. Among
the collectors appointed were : Alexander Harper,
David McComb and Henry Mathers. Directors :
Charles Ennis (Innes) (' on that part of the Parish
called Clenn '), James Cochran and John Weir.
Applotters : Thomas Marshall and Henry .
Amongst those who signed the minutes were Thos.
Sacheverell (Vicar), William Mathers (Churchwarden),
and Richard Harcourt.
The Harcourts were among the oldest residents of
the parish. Three of the family came to Ireland
(from England) in 1688, and took part in
Harcourts ^^^^ ^^^8® ^^ ^^"'^ ^^^ ^^® ^^*^^® °^ ^^^
Boyne — one of these being Richard, vidio
subsequently settled in Donaghmore — and whose son,
Richard, was the member of vestry in 1771. This
Richard had a son, John, who, although a staunch
churchman, became a strong anti-tithe man. He died
in 1818. His son John (died 1877) married Jane,
daughter of Thomas Woods of Shankhill (uncle of the
late David Woods), and had issue, of whom were
Rev. Richard Harcourt, M.A., D.D., of Baltimore,
a prominent minister of the American Methodist
Episcopal Church, who died in 1911 ; James, whose
son. Dr. Richard Eugene Harcourt, is an eminent
216 DONAGHMORE
physician at Aniield, Liverpool ; and Joseph (the last
direct representative in the parish, and resided at
Rose Cottage), who died October 11, 1903. A good
authority, who knew the Harcourts intimately, thus
writes of the family (and we heartily endorse his
words) : ' They were amongst the finest characters
I have known, faithful, simple, industrious, God-
fearing, . . . dehghtfully anxious to give pleasure to
their friends. They were of the greatest integrity
and were always noted for their reverence of law
and order.'
Various levies were made by the vestry of April 21,
177'2 : Elements, 10s. ; to carrying a child to Foundhng
Hospital (Dublin), 145. Id. ; parish clerk.
Various ^^ sexton, lls. 2(?. ; church window.
Levies. ? ? ; ,
two panes, 2.s. 2d. ; applotters (Thomas
Marshall and Archibald Lowry), 2s. 2d. ; church-
wardens, 15s. — ' ten shillings of this sum to be levied
off that part of the Parish called Glen, and five shilhngs
off Donaghmore.' The following appended their
names to the minutes : Thos. Sacheverell (Vicar)
Wilham Mathers, John Marshall, John Weir, Archibald
Lowry, Hugh Marshall, Andrew McCall and Hugh
McClory.
Vestry, August 24, 1772.—' The slating of the roof
of the Church is finished, and it is approved. — Thos.
Sacheverell (Vicar), Wilham Bourke, Robert McAllister,
Thos. Marshall, Jonathan Welsh, and John Demry.'
The vestry, October 6, 1772, ' agreed that
Roadr ° ^^"^^ penny an acre be applotted and levied
off the inhabitants of said parish, before
the first day of May next,' to repair certain roads,
one being ' the road from the Church of Donaghmore
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 217
to Tuscan Pass ' (Jerretzpass). Charles Innes and
Isaac Cony, directors ; Jonathan Welsh and Richard
Harcourt, overseers. The other roads to be repaired
are specified, and also the several townlands taxed
for particular roads, together with their respective
directors and overseers. The minutes of this vestry-
are very full, and beautifully written in a fine round
hand, evidently by Isaac Corry. The following
appended their signatures : Thomas Sacheverell (Vicar)
Henry McBride and Robert Douglass, churchwardens ;
Isaac Corry, Thomas Marshall, Samuel Ferguson, John
Shannon, Hugh McLory, Alexander Douglass, Richard
Harcourt, John McElroy and Jos. Morrison.
John McElroy was the great-grandfather of James
McElroy (of Dromantine townland), the present
representative in the parish. His son John
M°cFlro married twice, and had issue by his first
wife, viz. William, Joseph and John, and
by his second wife {7iee Harcourt), Samuel, Richard
and James. Wilham, the eldest son of the first mar-
riage, went to America early in the eighteenth century,
and left issue, John E. McElroy, who married Miss
Arthur, sister of the President of the United States.
President Arthur being a widower, Mrs. McElroy did
' the honours ' at the White House during his Presi-
dency. Mr. and Mrs. McElroy reside in the city of
Albany, New York State.
Joseph Morrison was son of John Morrison of
Ardkeeragh. He took a prominent part in the affairs
of the parish, and was often employed as
Morrison arbiter to settle local disputes. His son,
John, was a doctor of medicine, and died in
Newry, January 18, 1828. His son, Samuel, was
218 DONAGHMORE
well known for the active part he took with the United
Irishmen in 1798. The Welsh Horse paid frequent
visits to his father's residence and threatened to burn
his house in case he refused to disclose the whereabouts
of his ' profligate son.' He seemed to have had
narrow escapes from the soldiers, but to have always
eluded them, hiding under beds and other secluded
retreats, until finally a ' house ' was built for him in
a ' turf stack,' where he remained till matters quieted
down.
At a vestry, February 8, 1773, it was agreed
' that the sum of one pound five shillings and five
pence be applotted and levied off the Parish
i"g • ^Qj, nursing and carrying a child to the
Foundling Hospital, and for one yard of flannel.'
There are numerous records in the vestry minutes
of levies made for the purpose of sending deserted
children to the Foundling Hospital, Dublin, a distance
of 54 miles, the cost being about £1 in each case. In
a particular instance (May 6, 1818) where ' clothing '
the tiny creature was included, the cost was £2 3s. P>d.
At the vestry held June 1, 1773, amongst the
sums levied were 3s. for three panes of glass in the
windows of the church, and ' to a new gate for the
churchyard, to be made in the form of a door,' £1 2s. 9d.
A vestry, October 5, 1773, agreed among other
things, that ' the sum of one pound, shilHngs and
nine pence, should be levied to repair the School House
of Donaghmore at the Church of Donaghmore, and
that Andrew Marshall and Alexander McGoffin do agree
with some person or persons to make such repairs.'
Amongst those who sign the minutes of this vestry
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 219
are : Adam Wilson, John Main, Robert Waterson,
James Findley and William Walker.
Vestry, February 8, 1774. — ' It is agreed that one
pound two shillings and pence be applotted and
levied off the parish to repair the roof of the Church
and the East window.'
The vestry, May 24, 1774, levied the sum of
4s. 10 |d. ' to an advertisement in the Newry paper
for punishing strolling beggars.' It was
J^^™ ^^F ' agreed that two persons be appointed in
each townland to return the names of such
persons as are real objects of charity.' Strolling
beggars at this date formed a numerous class. Doubt-
less it was customary at the time, and even in more
recent years, for many of the poor to take up ' begging '
as a profession, and there being no Unions, the number
of such mendicants would naturally be all the greater.
We may be sure, too, that not a few of these were
impostors, and hence stringent measures had to be
adopted in regard to ' strolling beggars ' by the vestry.
The law against such was extremely severe at the time,
and indeed had been so since the reigns of Henry VIII.
and Elizabeth. The monasteries had largely ministered
to the poor, but it was not till about sixty years after
their suppression that the State interfered to make
' provision ' ; but instead of relief it largely punished.
The old laws of the above reigns were still in force
at this date, but we are sure the members of the vestry
were averse to their enforcement in either their spirit
or letter. Hence we find the excellent provision
adopted to ascertain in each townland the names of
those who were ' real objects of charity.' The names
220 DONAGHMORE
of the good men who composed this vestry are worthy
of record — viz. Thomas Sacheverell, vicar ; WilUam
Walker and James Finley, churchwardens ; George
Vaughan, David Black, Jonathan Walsh, Thomas
Marshall, Andrew Marshall, and Richard Harcourt.
Much business seems to have been transacted
at the vestry held September 5, 1775. Sums were
levied for the repair of roads, and applotters, collectors,
and directors appointed. This vestry presented the
sum of five pounds to be levied tow^ards slating the roof
of the church — the Rev. Francis Johnston (vicar) and
Jonathan Welsh to be overseers. The vestry also
levied £1 14s. lid. to Jonathan Welsh for ' moving
and lowering the pulpit and reading desk, and erecting
a new pedestal for the pulpit.' The following item
appears in the minutes : ' We present that the ground
in the church on which Charles Innes, Esq., has erected
two pews — shall be the property and shall always
belong to the said Charles Innes and his Heirs.' These
minutes are signed by Eras. Johnston, vicar, Charles
Innes, James Walker, Jno. Bradford, John Courtney
(Beech Hill), John Cox, and a number of others whose
names are frequently mentioned as vestrymen at this
period.
The vestry held October 31, 1775, applotted the
sum of £42 16s. Sd. ' required to be levied off this
Parish by the War* (warrant) of the
County ^ Treasurer of this County.' The sum
Warrant! required to be levied by the County
Treasurer's warrant in 1779 was £47 4s. 6d.,
and that in 1781 amounted to £54 3s. 4^?., thus showing
a stead}^ increase.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 221
' At a vestry held in the Parish Church of Donagh-
more, on Monday, the 15th day of Jany., 1776, in
pursuance of notice given the preceding
'^BumS"' Lord's Day, and it appearing to this
vestry that on the 10th or 11th, just in
the dead time of the night, one of the windows of the
south side of the church was broken open by some
person or persons unknown, who burglariously entered
thereat and feloniously took and carried away out
of this church one large folio Bible, one large folio
Common Prayer Book used in the church for Divine
Service, the property of the parishioners of this
parish, and that said burglars did also break the box
where the records of this parish and the money collected
for the poor are appointed to be kept, and did also
spoil the lock of the church door and part of . . , this
church.' The vestry ' ordered and presented ' that a
sum of ten pounds be levied and offered as a reward
for the discovery and conviction of the person or
persons who committed the burglary, and that an
advertisement be inserted in the Newry and Belfast
papers to that effect. x\lthough at a subsequent -
vestry 2s. M. is paid ' William Wallace for giving
information ' and 2.s. 8^^. to ' the sexton for searching,'
no record appears as to ' discovery and conviction.'
January 19, 1776, the vestry presented the sum
of £2 8.5. &d. to be ' levied off the inhabitants,' and
paid the Rev. Francis Johnston (vicar) to purchase
four new Common Prayer Books to be used for Divine
Service.
April 9th in the same year the sum of £3 155. was
' levied off the inhabitants for repairing the roof of the
222 DONAGHMOEE
church, according to the estimate given by James
Parker.' This vestry granted George Vaughan of
Maryvale a space in the chm'ch on which he agreed to
erect a ' wainscott seat ' — to be his property and
' his heirs'.' SimiLar grants were made to Andrew
Marshall, David Black and John Cox. It will be noted
that a corresponding grant was made to Charles Innes
in 1775.
Nothing is said in the minutes regarding the pay-
ment of rent for these seats or pews, and quite rightly.
Pew rents in any shape or form were and
Pews m -111
Ancient are illegal ni ancient parish churches. All
Parish pews in such are the common property of
Churches. ^^le parishioners, and all have the right to
be seated, though it does not follow that all
have the privilege of possessing a pew. Pews and
seats may, of course, be assigned to certain families
or individuals, but they cannot be rented — nor can
they be legally conveyed to a ' man and his heirs.'
At a vestry held May 28, 1776, the sum of £3 135.
was ' presented,' to be paid Thomas Marshall ' for
rough casting, jointing, and white- washing
White- ii^Q Church inside and outside.' It is to
thrchurch ^^^ feared that vestries at this date had not
very exalted ideas regarding church decora-
tion. The writer is credibly informed that even in
more recent times it was customary to lime-wash the
portion then standing of the old Celtic Cross !
The minutes of a vestry held April 1, 1777, contain
the following items : ' We present eleven pounds,
fifteen shil. be levied off the Inhabitants of this Parish
... to purchase flags to flag the aisle ' of the church.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 223
and make other necessary improvements ; also ' the
sum of eight shilHngs and three half-pence ... for a
copper box for collecting the poor money.' The
following appended their names to these minutes :
Francis Johnston (vicar), Isaac Kidd, William Mathers,
Chas. Innes, David Black, Hugh Marshall, Andrew
Weir, Archibald Lowry, Robert Bell, Jos. Morrison,
J. Bradford, Adam Wiley, Samuel Ferguson, Robert
McAlhster, Andrew McCall, John McElroy, James
Walker, Jonathan Welsh, Thos. Marshall, John
Shannon, John Harcourt, Andrew Marshall, Jas.
Johnston, and Robert Copeland.
The church roof seems to have required much
attention at this period. We find a vestry of June 9,
1778, levied the sum of ' eight shillings
Roof "^° ^^^ ®^S^^ pence for repairing the roof of
the church.' Also on December 1 of the
same year the vestry levied the sum of ' sixteen
shillings and three pence ' for a similar purpose.
On April 6, 1779, £41 was ' levied off the inhabi-
tants ' of the parish for the purpose of re-roofing and
' new slating this church this summer,' and it was
presented that John W^eir and Andrew Marshall shall
' lay out and choose the boards and slates.' At subse-
quent meetings of the vestry each townland is assessed
for a certain amount of the sum, which is increased
to £53 13.S. 0^.
A vestry. May 31, 1779, levied the sum of £1 10s.
to be paid ' James Parker for making a stone and hme
cornish to this church and for ruff casting and making
the same like to the rest of the walls of this church and
repairing the plaster in the inside that has been broken
224 DONAGHMOEE
by striping and putting on the new roof.' This vestry
also levied the sum of £4 13s. to be ' paid James Parker
for buying a parcell of tenpenny nails and driving a
nail in every slate.'
At a vestry held in the parish church, September 5,
1780, ' a penny an acre is levied off the inhabitants '
towards the repair of several roads which
Vestiy Q^y-Q specified. The directors mentioned
1780-1800. ^^^ • Charles Innes, John Courtney, Isaac
Corry, Kev. Francis Johnston, John Weir,
Andrew Marshall, David Black, James Cochran, and
Thos. O'Hare.
Vestry, September 2, 1783. — ' We present that no
road that hath been formerly presented to be repaired
shall at any further vestry be presented to
Stringent be repaired untill the overseer and collectors
lesent- ^^^q]] account on oath that the several sums
ments.
that have been presented to be levied hath
been honestly applied to the road for which it was
presented to repair.' ' We present that in future we
shall not allow the overseer of the roads in this Parish
to charge in his account at vestry more than one
shilling for each day that he shall be employed in
overseeing.' We wonder had anything been ' rotten
in the state of Denmark,' that necessitated these
stringent ' presentments ' ! Probably it was only a
mistake — for such will happen even in matters not
altogether secular, as the following case will illustrate.
A certain Archdeacon discovered an error in the
returns of a particular parish. An account 8s. Ad.
appeared on both sides of the financial statement, as
' balance due to wardens ' and as ' balance in hand ' —
the totals on both sides by a clever exercise of mathe-
PAEISH VESTEY BOOKS 225
matical acumen being represented as equal. The
Archdeacon concerned sent the form back at once,
called attention to the remarkable error, and asked
for an explanation. In reply he received a poHte
letter expressing regret, and adding, ' We discovered
our mistake as soon as we had posted the form, but we
did not think it worth while to recall it as ice tJionght
you would not find it out ' !
Vestry, February 24, 1784.—' We present the
sum of nine shillings and two pence to be levied off
the Inhabitants of this Parish and paid to the Eev.
Fras. Johnston to purchase a book containing three
Quires of Strong Paper and Bound, with Pockets and a
Flap, in Euff Calf Skin, in which a register of all
the Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials is to be kept.'
We regret to state there is no book of such elaborate
design, containing parochial records, amongst those
that have come down to us.
At the vestry held April 13, 1784. a large number
of presentments were made, some of which were as
follows : Ten shillings to purchase the sacred elements ;
one pound two shillings and nine pence to pay the
sexton's salary ; two pounds to be paid to James
Parker ' for his good and honest slating of this church ' ;
and the sum of five pounds as the salary of the clerk,
John Harcourt.
The following persons held the office of Parish Clerk
at the years opposite their names (as appears from the
p ^. j^ Ordinary and Primary Visitations) : Thomas
Clerks of Sharp, 1725 ; John Harcourt, 174C ; Charles
Donagh- Alexander, 1769 ; John Harcourt, 1774 ;
'^°'^®- John Harcourt, 1793. John Harcourt was
succeeded by his son, John, who held the position for
220 DONAGHMOr.E
many years. He was succeeded by David Greenaway
(of Lurganare), who remained parish clerk till the
disestablishment of the church, and indeed nominally
till his death, March 31, 1910. He was a devoted
churchman and faithful parish clerk.
The office of parish clerk was formerly one of some
importance, and was, moreover, a freehold under the
Estabhshment. On occasions, it seems.
The Office ^\-^q clerk assisted the clergyman in the
Clerk"^'^ parish church, and wore a surplice in former
times. In the vestry books of St. Peter's,
Cornhill, London, September 22, 1575, it is recorded
that the parishioners agree that ' Eobert Mydelton,
our Clarke, shall not say any more serments pubhcly
in this churche.' An instance of the clerk accompany-
ing the clergyman to the ' visitation of the sick ' occurs
in the parish register of Manfield, Yorks. Against
the burial entry of Thomas Smythe, Blacksmith, in
1604, it is noted that the deceased was ' a recusant
reclaiming and renouncing prayer when the vicar and
clerk came to visit him.' In the north of England,
long after the Reformation, it seems to have been cus-
tomary for the clerk to Avear a surplice, as the following
extracts from churchwardens' accounts show :
St. Oswald's, Durham, 1580.—' Paid for iiii yards
of linnen to ye clarkes surpcloth, and for making the
same — 4s. 2r/.'
Pittington, Durham, 1620.— i For the dark's surples
and for making of it — xviiir?.'
S. Nicholas, Durham, 1667.—' Pd. to Annie Hedley
for 3 yards and h of cloth for the sleeves of the Gierke's
surplice — 7.5.'
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 227
1678. — ' For the minister's and clerke's surplesses
necks lyneing and new cloth for the same — Is. 4d.'
1698. — ' For altering the clerk's surpcloth — Is.'
(Quoted from Surtees Society, Ixxxiv.)
It should be stated, however, that as clerks were
in ' some few instances in Holy Orders,' probably
those mentioned may have been clergymen. ^
Vestry, September 7, 1784. — ' We present a half-
penny an acre to be levied of the Inhabitants of this
r . Parish to build a school house on the
Levies
to build Glebe of Donaghmore.' The vestry held in
Schoolhouse : October following resolved that inasmuch
rate opposed, ^g this amount was insufficient to build
and furnish the schoolhouse, a further sum of one
farthing per acre be levied for the purpose.
The inhabitants of the parish seemed opposed to
the rate ; for it is thus recorded in the minutes of the
vestry held March 30, 1785 : ' The inhabitants refuse
to pay that part of the Cess laid on this Parish for
the building of a school house on the Glebe of Donagh-
more.' At a subsequent vestry held the following
May, it was decided not to proceed with the building
of the schoolhouse, as it would be ' inconvenient and
useless to the larger part of the inhabitants on account
of their distance from it.'
Vestry, A.pril 18, 1786. — ' We present the sum of
sixteen shillings and three pence to be levied off the
Inhabitants of this Parish and paid to the Eev. Francis
Johnston to buy a new Table Cloth for the Communion
Table.' This amount not proving sufficient, an extra
16s. Sd. was levied by the vestry, April 10, 1787.
' See Stephen's Commentaries, vol. ii. p. 703, and 7 & 8 Vict. c. 59.
Q 2
228 DONAGHMOEE
The vestry of September 7, 1786, made a large
number of presentments for the repair of roads on
diiferent parts of the parish, when various directors,
overseers, and collectors were appointed.
The minutes were signed by the following : Fras.
Johnston (vicar), John Shannon, Chas. Innes, Jos.
Morrison, David Black, Henry Neil, Wm. Kidd,
Saml. Ferguson, Kobt. Teat, Eobert Shannon, Jas.
Taylor, and Jno. Malone — who in the vestry minutes
of September 4, 1788, appears as the ' Kev. Mr. Malone,'
when he is appointed overseer and director of a road
to be repaired at ' Ballymacratty Mill.'
The vestry, 5, 1790, requested that ' the
churchwardens in future give regular notice to the
different Congregations in sd. Parish of all the future
vestries the Sunday before sd. vestries shall be held.'
The sum applotted for the use of the parish at the
Easter vestry, April 26, 1791, was £8 15s. 4d. The
amounts opposite the several townlands vary con-
siderably. Among the largest are : Corgrey 18s. M ;
Killysavan, 12s. 5d. ; Dromantine, 10s. Sd. ; Bally-
lough, 10s. Id. Some of the smallest are : Glebe,
Is. Id. ; Buskhill, 3s. ; Maddydrumbrist 3s. 9d. ;
and Tullymurry 3s. lOd.
At the vestry, April 10, 1792, ' The Kev. Wm.
Henderson (curate) is hereby allowed to give Wm.
Boss (sexton) 2s. 2d. which remains in his hands to
help to buy a spade and shovel, with which he may
supply the Parishioners to make Graves, but all who
can afford to pay — to employ him, and pay him
6% (?) for making a grave.'
It is part of the sexton's duty to make all graves,
PAKISH VESTEY BOOKS 229
and the fee for doing so is one of his perquisites, but
unfortunately all parishioners do not see it in that
light, with the result that the poor sexton suffers
pecuniarily thereby.
The vestry minutes of October 16, 1792, are signed
by the following : Wm. Henderson (curate), George
Mathers, John McEllroy, James Walker, Eobt.
McAllister, Arthur Magenis, John Walker, John
Magenis, Patt. O'Hare, John Fairies, David Ferish,
and Eobert Copeland — cess applotter for the year.
At the vestry, April 2, 1793, among the sums
levied are six pounds to ' John Harcourt for officiating
as Parish Clerk.'
The elaborate minutes of the vestry of September 5,
1793, are evidently the handwriting of several persons,
but mostly in that of Isaac Corry, who appends his
signature, as does George Vaughan and several others.
' At a vestry held in the Parish Church of Ponagh-
more on the 22nd day of April, 1794, the sum of
twenty pounds six shilhngs w^as laid on Sd. Parish
to answer the presentments therein mentioned,' viz. :
Glen £9 11 11 Andrew Marshall") ,
Donaghmore £10 14 1 Eobert Copeland j ^^
£20 6 0
The Militia at this time occupied the attention of
a number of vestries. Each parish was called upon
at the time to provide a certain quota of
MiUtia ^®^' ^^^ ^^^'^ chosen by lot, to serve in
the Mihtia for three years. Those un-
willing to serve were obliged to provide substitutes,
who were selected in the same manner. Indeed, it
230 DONAGHMOEE
seems the force was for the most part composed of
the latter.
The vestry met March 10, 1795, ' To consider the
most proper method of providing the men necessary
for the new levy of the Militia ' — when it was resolved :
' That for the purpose of enlisting substitutes to serve
in the militia for this Parish, the sum of three half
pence per acre be levied off the inhabitants of the
different townlands.' The following persons, amongst
others (whose names are effaced), were appointed to
' lift ' the amounts levied in the several townlands :
John Maginnis, Lawrence Watts, James Connor,
Ambrose Cooley, Hugh McKelvey, John Smith,
Thos. McCartney, Terce. Heavy, Pat Treanor, John
Savage, Artr. White, Sam McCullogh, Mick O'Hear,
John Harcourt, Tom Marshall, John Burns, Wm.
Cowan, Jo Morrison, Eobt. Douglas, John Bradford,
Dr. Marshall, Andw. Wilson, Sandford Kidd, David
Weir, John Moffet, And. Marshall, Arch. Lowry,
Christr. Jordin, John McElvey, And. McCall, Nath.
Weir, Henry McGuffin, James Marshall, and John
Martin.
The vestry further resolved : ' That the above
money be raised and paid to the Rev. Wm. Leslie
(Curate) and Arch. Marshall, by Friday next the
13th March, who are hereby appointed Treasurers and
also Delegates with Mr. Courtney (Beech Hill) to go
to Rathfriland to settle this business with the Governor
and Dept. Governors.'
There seems to have been a previous levy made by
the vestry in regard to the Militia (date effaced) for
the purpose of ' assessing the inhabitants of said
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 231
Parish . . . for a man that was drawn in the Mihtia.'
when it was ' Resolved, first, that one half penny per
acre be levied of the inhabitants of the said Parish by
the subconstables of the Parish and the subconstables
to have one shilhng in the Pound for collecting the
same,' etc.
' At the vestry held in the Parish Church of Donagh-
more (Pursuant to Legal Notice given) on Tuesday the
17th of Oct. 1797 for the purpose of setthng the affairs
of the Parish in Respect of the Malitia (Militia) it
being found that there is Nine men Drawn in said
Parish, and that ther (there) is a Deficiency of Money
to pay for the said Nine men — Resolved that one half
penny per acre be levied oft' the Inhabitants of the
several townlands in said Parish and paid to Mr.
Archd. Marshall on the 20th Instant for the purpose
of finding substitutes for (and relieving the Parish for
four years from being called upon for Militia men)
Henry Murtagh. Ballylough, Josh. Cole, Lurganare ;
John Purdy, Ballymacrattybeg ; John McClung,
Tullymurry ; Jas. Walker, Ballylough ; Wm. Byrne
Ringbane ; John McCoulaugh, Tullymore.'
The members of the Donaghmore church vestry
were presumably ' men of peace,' yet, notwithstand-
ing their pacific qualities, they seem to have provided
against the contingencies of war, for we find a few years
later (December 19, 1804) the vestry met to consider
and adopt ' the best mode of raising the Parish's
quota for three men to serve in the Royal Army of
Reserve ' — when it was ' Resolved that the church-
wardens shall diligently exert themselves to procure
the three men required by law as the quota for the
232 DONAGHMOEE
Parish, and that the following persons form a committee
to be aiding and assisting them in the execution of
their office,' viz. the vicar of Donaghmore (Dr. Brabazon
Smith), Archibald Marshall, Andrew McCall, David
Gavin, Daniel Walker, James Donnell, David Weir,
Wm. Bradford, Hugh McKelvey, Joseph Taylor,
Andrew Marshall, and Arthur McSherry.
Again, October 7, 1807, the vestry met to consider
' the best means of raising eight men to serve in the
militia,' when it was resolved : '1st, that sixpence
halfpenny per acre be levied off the Landholders in
said Parish, 2nd, that one shilling and eight pence
per head be levied off all the cotters in said Parish,
liable to be ballotted for. 3rd. That two shillings and
sixpence per head be levied off all the male servants
and artificers in said Parish, liable to be ballotted for.'
We must return to a vestry held September 6, 1797,
the minutes of which contain the following item :
' We present that David Gavin be General
inspTaor. Inspector of all the roads in said Parish,
and to compell the inhabitants to clean the
Water tables of the Different roads in the said Parish
adjoining their holdings.' It is to be hoped the
' Inspector General ' did his duty, and was able to
execute his commands !
The vestry, September 17, 1800— called ' to grant
money to repair the roads in the said Parish for the
present year ' — passed eleven resolutions,
^«^<^^y the first two of which are as follows:
Records— i < -r> i i i
1800-20. 1- ivesolved that the money laid on said
Parish in the year 1798 has not been
accounted for by any person.'
2. ' Resolved that one penny per acre be levied off
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 283
the several townlands in Mr. Innes's Estate, except
Dromantine which townland is to be two pence, to be
paid to Mr. Innes to Repair the Roads in said estate —
Pat Murtagh, Collector and overseer.' Among the
directors, overseers and collectors in the several
townlands of the parish appointed on the occasion
were the following : Isaac Corry, John Byrnes, Joseph
McNeight, Joseph Wiley, Joseph Shanes, Chas. Coui't-
ney, Michl. O'Hare, David Rice, Joseph McCollough,
Hugh Books, Michl. Dooley, James Traynor, William
Parker, Andrew Wilson, James McKelvey. Opposite
some of the collectors' and overseers' names are
written : ' Not gathered at all ' — -i.e. the cess — and
also, ' Not accounted for ' — but we notice, later, in
all cases — * accounted for.'
At a vestry, April 20, 1802, the sum of £10 was laid
on the parish, and at another vestry on December 1
of the same year ' one farthing per acre was levied off
sd. Parish for the purpose of sending foundlings and
the repair of the church of sd. Parish which makes in
all £15 4s. Od:
The financial condition of the parish seemed
prosperous, February 1, 1804, when the
R^jOTt^^ several cess collectors submitted the
following report :
David Cavin . . . . 33 18 3
Robert Coplin .
Archd. Marshall
Andrew McCall .
Archd. Marshall
38 8 5
44 11 0
1 15 9
13 9
£119 7 2
Balance in hand, £20 10s. 6d.
234 DONAGHMOEE
Towards church repah's the vestry, May 31, 1803,
laid the sum of £20 on the parish. The following sums,
among others, were levied by the vestry held on Easter
Tuesday, 1805 — ' For the sexton — including spade
and shovel — £1 IO5. 4d.; and for makmg a gravel
walk up to the church £2.'
A vestry was held on September 9, 1807, for the
purpose of examining the accounts of the preceding
year, ' 1st, Eesolved that the collectors for
Defaulting ^j^g roads for that year have not neither
Collectors, (either) collected nor (or) expended the
cess for the year 1806, and that they are
hereby required to attend at this church on the last
day of Sept. Instant — to which day this vestry is
adjourned, and there be prepared to pass their several
accounts on Oath — otherwise steps will be taken to
Inforce (enforce) such Collectors to account.' Signed :
Brabazon Smith (Vicar), David Black, Archd. Marshall,
David Weir, Alex. McGuffin. We fail to understand
how the collectors could have been expected to expend
money they had failed to collect ! The vestry held
on ' the last day of September ' having made fourteen
levies for the repair of various roads, resolved to adjourn
till October for ' the express purpose of examining the
accounts of such collectors as have not settled for
last year.' In the minutes of the October meeting
there is no reference to the matter. Probably all
' accounted,' but the fact should have been recorded.
The vestry of Easter Tuesday, 1808, called for the
purpose of levying the annual church rates, the appoint-
ment of cess applotters, etc., resolved that the following
sums be raised, among others :
PAKISH VESTRY BOOKS 235
£ s. d.
Sacred elements . . . .10 0
The clerk 6 0 0
Churchwardens . . . .10 0
Applotters' fees . . . .022
The Vicar seemed much perturbed that no levy was
made for the sexton's salary at the above vestry, and en-
tered the following ' Protest,' appended to the minutes :
' Though I have as Vicar of the Parish signed
the act of vestry : yet I protest against
Protest ^^® proceedings, as the Majority would
not vote any salary to the sexton for
ensuing year — Brabazon Smith — Vicar.'
The following vestrymen appended their signatures
to the minutes : Alex. McGoffin, Andw. McCall, Arch.
Marshall, Wm. Shannon, Arthur Magenis, David Weir,
Saml. Morrison, John Walker, David Caven, Jas.
McGoflfin, John Harcourt, and Jos. Kidd.
A stormy vestry was held April 4, 1809, when the
Vicar was ' offered many insults.' The brief toinutes
consist of two short resolutions, which were
Vestr*^°^^ passed — after which the storm commenced
and the proceedings terminated. The Vicar
appended the following note to the minutes :
' At this period of the proceedings in said vestry
Mr. Archibald Marshall of Buskhill in the Parish
having exerted much clamour against me, and offered
many insults to me the Vicar of said Parish, I was
under the necessity of quitting the church, before the
annual business was transacted ; and all those who
wished for regularity in church (Thos. Walsh of
236 DONAGHMOEE
Maddydrumbrist, together with Robert Hamilton of
Ringclare, of the Presbyterian Communion and who
is one of the churchwardens) followed me out and left
Archibald Marshall's party in Church. Brabazon
Smith — Vicar of Donaghmore.'
A vestry was held May 2 following, doubtless to
complete the business interrupted on the previous
occasion, when it would seem peace reigned. The
minutes of this vestry are signed by the vicar and the
following members : James Thompson, William
Mathers, John Harcourt, Henry Mathers, George
Mathers, Wilham Hinton, Edw. Larkin, Wm. Hull,
Isaac Cauls, Wm. Mathers, James Walker, George
Greenaway, James Lockhart, Bernard Eice, Joseph
Cole, John Handlin, and Hugh Eice.
The vestry. May 1,1 81 2, levied the sum of £26 GsAU.
to pay Wilham Mathers ' the Parish costs and expenses
that the said Wm. Mathers had been put
'Parish ^q jj^ j-^jg official capacity ' — as church-
Expenses.' warden. There is no record in the minutes
as to the reason of William Mathers having
incurred ' costs and expenses,' but probably, as we
shall see later, the matter was connected with church
repairs — the action of the warden therein being that
exercised in his ' official capacity.'
The vestry, December 22, 1812, resolved that £30
be levied off the inhabitants of the parish towards
the improvements and repairs of the church.
Church ' Im- Signed— Brabazon Smith (Vicar), Wilham
anTR^pairs.' ^^^*^^®^S' Andw. Wilson, Quinton Shannon,
John Young, Saml. Ferguson, and John
Harcourt.
PARISH VESTEY BOOKS 237
Vestry, October 1813. — ' There assembled at the
Vestry 12 persons, nine of whom left the said vestry
as they would not consent to make a rate for the
repair of the Parish Church of Donaghmore which
was the object of said Vestry.'
Those that remained resolved that the following
repairs (among others) were considered ' absolutely
necessary ' : Painting and Whitewashing the church,
Sounding board for the pulpit, Prayer Books for the
Communion Table and Pulpit, Communion Plate, and
' gate and Piers for the Church yard,' entrance, etc.
It was ' resolved unanimously that towards affecting
the foregoing and any . . . work that may be required,
as well as whatever else may be deemed necessary,
the sum of sixpence be forthwith levied off the Land-
lords of said Parish for each and everj^ acre they
respectively hold ' ; and further, it was resolved that
in case the ' sixpence an acre ' does not prove sufficient
to cover the repairs, an additional rate should be
made ' particularly for painting the said church inside
and outside.'
The faithful three vestrymen who remained with
the vicar (the Rev. Brabazon Smith) on the trying
occasion were : William Mathers, Edward Innes, and
John Harcourt.
A ' Notice to the Public ' by Peter Rooney appeared
in the advertisement columns of the Neicry Telegraph,
November 1, 1813, portion of which is as
the°PubUc°' ^*^llows : ' Having seen in the Newry
Telegraph of Saturday last, an advertise-
ment stating that there was wanted immediately, a
person to undertake the carpenter's work of Donagh-
238 DONAGHMOEE
more church according to agreement entered into by
Mr. Peter Eooney, and left unfinished by him,' etc.
Peter then proceeds to enter his protest against the
charge, declaring that it was a ' most gross and
scandalous falsehood,' and was made against him
' for no other purpose than to influence the public
mind in a suit now pending between him and the
churchwardens for the amount of his contract.' He
relies on the following ' certificate ' : ' We the under-
signed Parishioners of the Parish of Donaghmore in
the County of Down, do hereby certify that we viewed
and examined the work done by Peter Eooney, Car-
penter, for the Parish Church, and found the same
fully executed and done in every respect agreeable
to the contract entered into by him. Arthur Innes,
Archibald Marshall, Wm. Kidd, Robert McCall.
Andrew Marshall.'
A ' Notice ' by William Mathers, Churchwarden,
was published in the Newry Telegrayli, November 5,
1813, thus : ' I, Wilham Mathers, church-
' Notice ' by warden of the Parish of Donaghmore,
Mathers. having seen an address " to the public "...
signed Peter Eooney, find myself constrained
in vindication of such facts and truths as will in a
short time fully appear, to contradict the various
statements therein set forth,' etc. William Mathers
makes out a strong case against Peter Eooney's con-
tentions. He has on his side the Vicar of the Parish
(Eev. Dr. Smith) and the vestry (October — , 1813),
which resolved ' That Peter Eooney who undertook
the repairs of Donaghmore Church has not fulfilled
his contract with the churchwardens, and that he has
PARISH VESTEY BOOKS 289
greatly injured and damaged the flags of said church,
and that the churchwardens shall call upon him to
fulfill his agreement.'
We are unable to find in the vestry minutes or
elsewhere any record of legal proceeedings having been
instituted in the case.
The vestry, April 13, 1819, levied the sum of £40
' to finish the School house ' (and £5 for the building
of an iron gate for the grave yard and for
house'^''''^' Pitting on cap stones on the pillars).
There was, of course, an earlier applotment
towards building the schoolhouse, of which there is
no record as the vestry minutes for a few years are
missing. The schoolhouse was built in 1818, costing
the sura of £81 10-5., but it w^ould seem though ' built '
was not ' finished ' !
The appointment of parish schoolmaster (and the
superintendence of ' the affairs of said schoolhouse ')
was assigned by the vestry. May 1, 1820,
RefoKis ^^ ^ committee ; but, notwithstanding, the
1820-50 : office seems to have been delegated to ' a
Parish meeting of the Parishioners,' convened
Tetchers. ^^^^ 2^' ^^2^' ^'''^^^' ^^<^»g seven candi.
dates for the post, William Robinson was
chosen, at a salary of ' £30 for one year, he (William
Robinson) paying the sum of two shilhngs and six
pence rent for the accommodation of House and
Garden.' Doubtless the building of the schoolhouse
was only a re- building, for wo find a parish school here
at least since 1725.
The succession of teachers up till 1790 was as
follows : Tbos. Sharp, 1725 ; Charles Alexander, 1769 ;
240 DONAGHMORE
John Harcoiirt, 1774 ; Samuel Sloan, 1776 ; James
Parker, 1781; James McMahon, 1782 ; John Maxwell,
1783 ; Robert Creighton, 1784 ; Robert Credon, 1786 ;
David Cavm, 1787 ; Michael McKey, 1790. J
The subsequent teachers were : WilHam Robinson
(1820 — pupils 29 Presbyterian, 26 Roman CathoHc,
and 12 Church of Ireland) ; Joseph Forsythe (1834) ;
Miss Eliza Stewart (daughter of the Parish clerk) ;
Miss Jane Sergison (resigned 1863, after holding the
appointment nine years, when she married John G. M.
Sharp) ; Miss Thompson ; Miss McDermott (became
Mrs. Adams) ; Wilham Speers ; Miss Wilson ; Miss
McNess. The school seems to have flourished till
the estabHshment of the National Board, when it
declined, and finally collapsed. It was supported by
the Church Education Society, but it should have
been made a National School when such were instituted.
Shortly after the appointment of the present rector
a school was organised under the National Board,
and held at Dromantine in a fine building (where
formerly a good school flourished) lent for the purpose
by the late Arthur Charles Innes. Dromantine
National School flourished for a few years under the
efficient principal teacher, Mrs. Browne, and on her
resignation it was transferred to the parish school-
house, as the Donaghmore Glebe National School.
The principal teachers were : Miss Dormer, Miss Lyons,
Miss Boardman (now Mrs. Fox), Miss Livingston
(later Mrs. Sloane), and Miss Nicholl (deceased).
The school became an Erasmus Smith school on
' These names are recorded in the reports of the Ordinary Visita-
tions of the Diocese of Dromore, Public Record Office, Dublin.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 241
July 1, 1906, with Miss Nicholl as teacher, who was
succeeded by Miss Winifred Anderson (now Mrs.
Smith) ; and on November 1, 1911, the school was
amalgamated with the Donaghmore National School,
one of the terms of agreement being that the Rector
of Donaghmore for the time being shall have the
nomination of the assistant teacher.
Towards building a schoolhouse in Lurganare,
the vestry of May 1, 1820, levied the sum of £20,
provided the proprietor of the estate ' gives from
under his hand that he will give over the Right of
the Site of said school-house, together with the occupier
of the farm at present, which Documents are to be
produced at the next vestry and entered in said vestry
Book — otherwise this grant to be void.' The condi-
tions were not complied with in this case and hence
the grant became void.
The above vestry made in all fifteen presentments,
the eleventh being : ' We present that Robert McCall
be Treasurer for this year, and that he is to Inspect
the Different Publick Works in the Parish, and at the
next Vestry report on the same.' The ' Public Works '
of Donaghmore are not specified !
The vestry, July 18, 1820, levied the sum of one
halfpenny per acre on the inhabitants of the parish to
repair the tower of the church, binding the church
books, and plastering the porch.
The vestry, April 24, 1821, levied the sum of £8
for desk, forms and rough-casting the schoolroom.
(This vestry ' resolved that from (for) the future the
Constables of the Parish is (are) to collect the church
cess with the county cess at two payments.')
242 DONAGHMORE
On September 21, 1S21, £8 4.5. was levied by the
vestry for the purpose of ' Repairing the windows, seats,
and boarding the Communion Table, New Cup, flooring
the Porch, together with a new Cover for the Com-
munion.' Rev. John Mountgarret and Arch. Marshall
are ' to be pleased in the finishing of the work and to
have a liberty of calling in any person they please to
assist them in having the work sufficiently done.'
The following appears in the vestry minutes,
April 9, 1 822 : ' We request that Mr. Pinlay be Treasurer
for the rough casting of the school-house, and laying
out the sum of £8, paid into his hands, and that when
finished he will make the necessary application — to the
Society of Discountenancing Vice for the regular sum
made and provided in that case, and we hope that the
Rev. John Mountgarret will assist him in doing so.'
This statement seems somewhat mixed, but doubtless
the ' regular sum made and provided ' was for a distinct
purpose other than that for rough-casting the school-
house. The following curious item appears in the
vestry minutes of the same date : ' We present that
the sum of 10s. is sufficient for burying an aged person,
and the sum of 55. for a young person, and that a note
must be had from a respectable person from the town-
land the poor person dies in before they can obtain it.'
A vestry was held May 13, 1822, when the sum
laid on the parish at the Easter vestry was approved
and confirmed — viz. £28 Os. M. The townlands
paying the largest amounts were Corgrea (Corgary),
£2 25. Sid., Killysavin, £2 Os. 5d., Ballymacrattybeg,
£1 12s. Od. ; and among the smallest are Buskhill,
lis. Id., and Glebe, 4s.
PAEISH VESTRY BOOKS 243
To rebuild the Corgaiy schoolhouse, the vestry,
April 1, 1823, thus presented : ' We present the sum
of £15 to be laid on the Parish for re-building the school-
house in Corgrea, when there is a satisfactory Title
made out by the representatives of the late Captain
Enississ (Innes) to the Churchwardens and that the
sum of £5 be laid on likewise for repairs of the church.'
The vestry of May 12, 1823, agreed that the £15
laid on the parish for rebuilding the schoolhouse in
Corgary go to the repairs of the church, ' as the neces-
sary document has not been produced by Mrs. Innes.'
A levy towards church improvements was made by
the vestry, October 6, 1824, when it was ' Resolved
that the sum of fifty pounds be laid on this Parish ' to
defray the expenses of repairing the flooring of the
church, including the flagging in the aisle, together with
the chancel, the purchase of communion plate, a folio
Bible, three quarto Prayer Books, a napkin, and ' other
matters that may be judged necessary for the proper
and decent celebration of Divine service.'
To put up a bell in the church ' and for erecting
a proper and sufficient place to hang such Bell '
the vestry, held June 25, 1827, levied
Levy the sum of £160. This amount was
CliTirch^Bell. ' levied off the landholders ' of the parish,
and to be laid in three equal instalments
during the years, 1827, 1828, and 1829.
The minutes of this vestry are signed by M. J.
Mee (vicar), Smithson Corry, David McMaster, Andrew
Marshall, Samuel Boyd Marshall, Andrew Marshall,
and another, that evidently of a frail old man,
who writes in a trembling hand merely the words
R 2
244 DONAGHMOKE
' James Mc ,' probably forgetting to add his full
sarname !
Vestry, May 26, 1828.—' Resolved that the sum of
£10 be hereby laid on the Parish, for the purpose of
buying coffins for the poor, and defraying the expense
of sending such foundlings as may occur in the Parish
to the Foundling Hospital Dublin.' The full amount
applotted at this vestry for various purposes amounted
to £85 8s. 6i., showing a large increase in the rates as
compared with former years.
The composition of the tithes occupied the attention
of the vestry in 1828. Several special meetings of the
vestry were held — at which the proceedings
of^Ti^hoV*^'^ ^^^^^ somewhat lengthy and elaborate —
for the purpose of bringing the parish
under the operation of the Tithes Composition Acts,
according to the provisions of 4 George IV. c. 99, and
5 George IV. c. 3. The moving spirit in the matter
seems to have been Trevor Corry, who was appointed
chairman of the special vestries, while the several
parties immediately concerned took a prominent
part, viz. the vicar (Rev. M. J. Mee), John Vaughan,
the Lessee of the Manor of Donaghmore ; the Lord of
the Manor, the Lord Primate (by correspondence) ;
and the members of the vestry (attending on the several
occasions), viz. Arthur Innes, Joseph Weir, Samuel
Boyd Marshall, Danl. O'Hare, John Marshall, Saml.
Ferguson, Joseph Carswell, Wm. Harshaw, And.Wilson,
Jas. McCullagh, John McKelvy, Joseph Taylor, Danl.
Magennis, John Graham, John Young, John Copland,
Jos. MaNight, James Gammell, and James Parker.
The following is a synopsis of the proceedings.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 246
Vestry, June 23, 1828. — ' Resolved that proceedings
be taken to make composition for all the Tithes of the
Parish — Vicarial and Rectorial.'
It was agreed ' that the sum of Two Hundred
pounds shall be paid as the annual composition under
the said Act, for the Vicarial Tithes payable out of
said Parish.' To this the Vicar assented. It was
resolved, and agreed on by the lessee (John Vaughan),
' that the sum of Two hundred and fifty pounds shall
be paid as the annual composition for the Rectorial
Tithes payable out of said Parish.'
Adjourned Vestry, July 14, 1828. — The Primate's
letter was submitted — giving his consent to the
agreement — of which the following is the latter portion :
' Now we John George, Lord Archbishop of Armagh,
Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland, do hereby
give our consent that the said Marshall Joseph Mee
should agree with the said vestry to receive the said
sum of Two Hundred Pounds sterling as a composition
for all the Tithes payable to him the said Marshall
Joseph Mee within the said Parish, Provided that the
said agreement shall be accepted and assented unto by
some vestry in adjourned meeting to be holden in said
Parish in pursuance of said Acts. Given under My
Hand this Twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-eight. Signed, John G.
Armagh.'
(The Primate of this date was Lord John George
Beresford.)
This being an ' adjourned vestry ' the agreement
regarding the vicarial tithes was ' accepted and
assented unto by the parties according to the terms
246 DONAGHMOEE
of the Primate's letter. The composition, ' £200 per
annum,' is to ' continue unvaried for twenty-one years
whatever the price of grain may be,' and to be paid
half-yearly, viz., on November 1 and May 1. At an
adjourned vestry, August 2, 1828, a letter was submitted
by the vicar from the Lord Bishop of the Diocese (Dr.
Saurin), portion of which is as follows : ' As I presume
what has been offered, and you have accepted, is a
fair value, I can make no objection to it. Nothing then
remiins but that the Commissioners should assess it
on the Parish.'
In regard to the Rectorial Tithes, John Vaughan
received the following letter from the Primate's agent,
Arthur J. Kelly, dated July 30, 1828 : 'I again
repeat that if the composition is satisfactory to you,
the Primate is contented.'
The agreement in regard to the composition was
duly ratified. James Parker of Savelbey and James
Gamm3ll, Beech Hill, were appointed to represent the
tithe-owners of the parish.
Vestry, July 13, 1829. — Among the resolutions
passed was one to the effect that £100 be laid on the
parish, and ' levied off the landholders '
Church foj. t^g purpose of finishing the tower of
aad^Bell ^^^ church, and paying for the bell — includ-
ing the ' expenses of putting it up.'
At the vestry, September 21, 1829, it was resolved
to empower Smithson Corry to apply to the Lord Bishop
of Dcomore to procure a loan from the
Church jj^^ ^^^ BoMcl of First Fruits ' to put the
Church of Donaghmore in thorough repair.
On December 21, 1829, the sum of £288 was levied
on ' the landholders of the Parish ' by the vestry for
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 247
church repairs — according to ' estimate laid before the
Lord Bishop of Dromore by the Architect of the Board
of First Fruits.' Of above amount the sums payable
by the several townlands vary considerably — among
the largest being : Corgary, £21 18s. lid. ; Killysavan,
£20 14s. 11|^. ; Dromantine, £17 9s. UJ. ; Ballyblaugh,
£17 5s. 9i^., etc.
The parishioners seem reluctant to be further
assessed for church repairs, according to the following
resolution passed by the vestry, April 25, 1831 :
' Resolved, that the Parishioners do not think it
incumbent on them to lay on any money for the purpose
of repairing or finishing the repairs of the church of
Donaghmore at this vestry.' The sum of £38 2s. 9^.
was still required to finish the repairs, which the
vestry, held on May 16 following, decided should be
raised ' by individual subscriptions rather than bj'-
Parochial assessment.' Trevor Corry and James
Gammell were requested at the vestry to ' lay out '
the money in hand, and that to be raised by subscrip-
tion, on the repairs of the church.
Signed, M. J. Mee, Arthur Innes, Ralph Vaughan,
Thos. Walsh, John Mahood, and David McMaster.
David McMaster (of Aughantobber), who
McMaster ^^^ ^ prominent vestryman and frequently
acted as deputy churchwarden (for Trevor
Corry), was grandfather of Hugh and Trevor McMaster,
the present representatives of the family so long resident
in the parish.
Vestry, April 23, 1832. Among the sums levied
were the items :
For Foundlings . . . . £10 0 0
For Coffins for poor . . .500
24R DONAGHMORE
The proceedings of the vestry from this date on-
wards possess few features of general public interest.
Among those who signed the vestry minutes for a
number of years at this period w^ere : Rev. M. J. Mee
(vicar), Rev. Norman Johnston, Isaac Mathers, Andrew
Cuppels, James Lockhart, David McMaster, Thos.
Marshall, Thos. Walsh, Peter Stewart, Bernard Rice,
John Harcourt, William McConnell, John Wilson, Isaac
Kidd, Robt. Gibson, John Porter, Thomas Kerr, James
Sturgeon, John Clark, etc.
John Clark signed the minutes of vestry for the
first time, Easter 1806. He was an Englishman, and
proprietor of the ' Old Fourmile House '
(now Church View) in the townland of
Aughentobber. He had issue two sons, Wilham and
Elijah (whose names frequently appear as vestrymen),
and a daughter, Sarah, who married Joseph Patterson.
Mrs. Patterson died October 1, 1899, and is survived
by her husband and daughter. Miss Fanny Jane
Patterson, of Church View House.
Select vestry, December 28, 1838. — It was resolved
by this vestry that appeals be lodged against the
valuations put on the townlands of Aughen-
Appeals tobber and Maddydrumbrist, and against
Valuations. ^^^^ measurements of the same, together
with that of the adjoining townland of
Derrycraw. It was also decided to appeal against
the valuation put on the houses of Bernard Rice in
the latter townland.
At the vestry, January 5, 1839, John Harper of
Corgrea (Corgary) gave notice of appeal (in a some-
what lengthy and legally-worded document) against
the valuation put on his dwelhng-house and offices,
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 249
and of his intention of * applying to the Committee
of Appeal to be held in Rathfriland on the '23rd inst.'
for redress. A large number of appeals were lodged
against the valuations put on in various townlands in
the parish at this time, following the Civil Survey of
1836.
The church cess for the year 1839 was only
£14 3s. Qd. The amount levied on the glebe lands
was 25., which the kind and considerate vestry (April
29) decided was * not to be collected ' !
An ominous resolution was passed at the vestries
held March 28, 1842, and April 17, 1843, viz. ' That
we do not deem it expedient to lay on any
RSdutL. ^^^ (^^ ^^^^^ °^ money at this vestry.'
Signed, M. J. Mee (Vicar), John Campbell
Quinn (curate), etc.
There seems no record of church cess having been
laid on the parish after April 12, 1841, when the
amount levied was £8 18s. 6d. for the following pur-
poses : Foundling, £5 ; coffins for poor, £8 ; applotting
cess, 10s. ; collecting same, 85. Gd.
For several years from this date the principal
business of the vestries seems to have been the appoint-
ment of churchwardens and ' passing
Vestry accounts.' Among the names of vestry-
1850-80. ^^^^ ^^^ already mentioned were : George
Turner, Elijah Clark, John Megarry, William
Porter, John Jordan, David Wiley, William Harcourt,
Robert McCormick, James Sergison, David Gamble,
Joseph Mathers, David Greenaway, etc.
At the Easter vestry, April 3, 1877, among other
appointments was that of the select vestry — the names
being : Samuel Gordon, Joseph Patterson, George
250 DONAGHMORE
Gordon, John Gordon, J. T. C. Quinn, David Green-
away, Wm. Mathers, Wm. Harcourt, Wm. McClean
John Mehaffy, James Heasley, and James Colvin.
The allocation of £250 to the parish by the Repre-
sentative Church Body was notified to the
o/S°'' ^^^^^^y' ^P^^^ ^^' ^^^^' *^® interest of which
(£10 per annum) is to be credited towards
the parochial assessment.
The above vestry resolved on the erection of a
chancel and other extensive church improvements,
„ . „ including new pews and east window. It
Chancel and was agreed by the vestry, April 15, 1879,
Church that ' the repairs and alterations in the
Renovation. gjjyj,gjj ^g^-g (j^jy executed and carried
into effect in the most satisfactory manner at
an expense and outlay of £242 19.s. 9f?.' Of this
amount, the total sum collected by subscription was
£130 195. Q>d.
Space forbids us referring to the remaining vestry
minutes by way of extracts ; and besides, such contain
little worthy of record save information regarding
church renovations, which will be found in the chapter
on the Parish Church. The vestry minutes extant
record the names of the churchwardens of Donaghmore
since 1771.
The office of churchwarden is one that is ancient,
honourable, and responsible. Like vestries, however,
churchwardens have been deprived of much
rh^^^h^^ of their ecclesiastical functions in England
warden. ^^J ^^^ Statute law, while in Ireland they
are no longer recognised in a civil capacity.
Their functions and status were identical in the
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 251
churches of England and Ireland up till 1869, while
at present, so far as their strictly ' ecclesiastical '
duties are concerned, there is no material change.
x\ccording to the Canons, two churchwardens are to
be chosen in each parish ; but their status and duties
are identical, while the distinction commonly but
erroneously drawn between the rector's and people's
was never legal, though it is a convenient ecclesiastical
one. The law which governed churchwardens with
us, up till 1870, was in substance as follows.
Churchwardens were chosen by the joint consent
of the minister and parishioners ; but, in case of dis-
agreement, the minister chose one and the parishioners
another. They were considered for church purposes
' a kind of corporation at common law,' and as such
were enabled to have certain rights in goods and
chattels, and to bring actions for ' the use and profit
of the Parish.'
They had ' the care and management ' of church
furniture, such as the organ, bells, Bible, and parish
books. But in regard to the church fabric and church-
yard, they had no such interest : the right of action
in case of damage thereto resting with the rector only,
or vicar. They had the care of the benefice during
the vacancy or sequestration unless the ordinary
otherwise appointed. Churchwardens were required
to ' see to the reparation of the church and the making
of the church rates.' Up till 1834, churchwardens,
with the ' overseers ' of the parish, were obliged to
undertake the care and maintenance of the poor ;
but the effect of the Act 4 and 5 Will. IV. cap. 76
was to relieve them of this duty. Churchwardens
252 PONAGHMORE
had tlie right to make such order as the ordinary
might direct in regard to seats in the church or chancel,
' not appropriated to particular persons,' though in
practice it seems they usually carried out such arrange-
ments apart from any special directions from the
bishop. It was also incumbent on them to enforce
order and due decorum during divine service in the
church, and to that end it was held that churchwardens
might ' justify the pulling off a man's hat irreverently
worn there, or the removal of the offender.' i In
former times the duty was imposed upon them, by
the provision against nonconformity of 1 Ehz. cap. 2
(repealed by 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 59), ' of levying a
forfeiture of one shilling against all such as did not
resort to their parish church on Sundays and
holidays.'
According to certain old Canons of the Irish Church
(no longer binding), churchwardens were enjoined to
present to the bishop, to be punished,
undeT parishioners guilty of notorious crimes and
the Old scandals (Canon 61), schismatics (Canon 62),
Canons of ^nd non-communicants (Canon 63). By
the Church. Q^^Q^ 9Q i-i^gy ^gj,e obliged to warn all
' Innholders, Travellers, Victuallers, and Alehouse
Keepers to sell no meat or drink during the hours of
Divine Service,' while they were ' to see that none of
those light Wanderers in Markets and Pelting Sellers
which carry about and sell Pins, Points, and other
Small Trifles, whom they call Pedlars, set out their
wares to sale.' According to Canon 88, church-
' See Stephen's CommenturieSf vol. i. p. 699.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 253
wardens were ' to earnestly call upon all those slack
and negligent in resorting to the church.'
It seems several classes of persons were formeily
either ineligible or exempted from the office of church-
warden— viz. Peers of the realm ; Members
^^^^°°u, of Parliament ; Cleroymen ; Roman Catholic
ineligible. -r^. • ,r • -■-.
Clergy ; Dissentmg Mmisters ; Barristers ;
Solicitors ; Clerks in Court ; Physicians ; Surgeons
and Apothecaries (if duly registered) ; Aldermen and
Dissenting Teachers ; and all persons living out of the
parish, unless they occupied a house of trade therein.
(Steers, ' Parish Law,' p. 84.)
According to Act of Parliament, churchwardens
were formerly obliged to take the following oath
sworn before the rector or vicar : ' We . . .
Church- j^n(^i ... do swear that we will truly,
Oath^"^ ^ impartially and faithfully execute the office
of churchwardens within the Parish of — ■ —
in respect of the Parochial rates and assessments, and
the collection and management of the same, and the
other properties and monies of the said Parish, so help
us God.'
It is to be regretted that the succession is incomplete
owing to the loss of vestry minutes.
1713.— Thomas Jackson, Patrick McMullan.
Church- 1724.— John Thompson, John Hutchison.
Dltg'Lle 1725.-John Thompson, John Hutchison.
1726.— Johann Wiley, Johann Smith.
1727. — Jacob Schooles, Will. Enghsh.
1736.— Jacob O'Here, David Black.
1737. — James Erwin. Robtus Hall.
1738.— Tkos. Crance, Hugh McKelvey.
254 DONAGHMORE
17j39,_John Gilmore, Eobert McComb.
1740.— Archibald Lowry, John Carson.
1741.— James Taylor, Denis McAlinden.
1742.— John O'Here, Christ. Jordan.
1743, — Joseph Donnell, Bryan O'Here.
1744.— Jos. Kidd, Edw. Bell.
1745. — J. Cunningham, Thos. McCartan.
1746. — John Gibson, Philemas Grimes.
1747. — Jos. Robinson, Charles Boyd.
1748. — Michael McCamly, James Martin.
1749._Winiam Mathers, Neal McCom-t.
1750 .—Alexander McClaine, Hugh Creeuny.
1751.— James McCroory, John MacKam.
1752.— William Bradford, Jenkin Savage.
1753.— John Downey, Alex. MisKemins.
1754.— James Welsh, John Douglas.
1755.— Cavar (?) McNally, John Shannon,
1756. — Henry McBride, John Loughlen.
1757. — John Caruthers, Thos. Ravey.
1758. — John McBride, Bryan Graham.
1759,_Wm. Young, Robt. Smyth.
1760.- Felix O'Hanlon, John McAtormney.
1765.— Jas. Johnston, John Bittle (?)
1766. — James Johnston, John Cole.
1768. — Jas. Johnston, John Faris.
1769. — Jas Johnston, Alex. Walker.
1770. — Jas. Johnston, David Kernahan.
(The above are taken from the Episcopal Visitation
Reports for the Diocese of Dromore in the Public
Record Office, Dublin.)
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 255
The following are from the vestry books :
1771, — James Johnston, WilHam Mathers.
1772. — James Johnston, Henry McBride.
1773._"Winiam Walker, James Finlay.
1774. — Robert Waterson, John Martin.
1775. — James Walker, Henry Thompson.
1776. — Isaac Kidd, Wilham Mathers (the younger).
1777.__"William Glenny, Thomas Graham.
1778._John Barr, Thos. Meckimson.
1779._Winiam Donnel, John Kelly. (Hugh Cope-
land acted.)
1780.— John Marshall, Wilham Parks.
1781. — James Wiley, Jno. Lockart.
1782. — John Lockart, Adam Wilson.
1783.— John Lockart, Joseph Neil.
1784.— Andrew McCall, Archibald Carr.
1785.— Thomas Marshall, Wilham Walker.
1786.— John Shannon, ' Small ' Daniel Walker.
1787. — John Harcourt, John Bradford.
1788.— Robert Cochran, Barney Rice.
1789. — James McGuffin, Jnr., Henry Mathers.
1790.— Joseph Harcourt, Joseph Taylor.
1791. — John Walker, Samuel Milhgan.
1792. — George Mathers, Jos. McKnight.
1793. — James McKelvey, George Mathers.
1794._George Mathers, Robert Tate.
1795. — Joseph Cole, Sam. Jordan.
1796. — William Mathers, John Graham.
1797._james Elhot, John Graham.
1798. — George Greenaway, John Waddell.
1799. — George Greenaway, John Waddell.
1800.— Wilham Walker, John Neil.
256 DONAGHMORE
1801.— William Walker, John Neil.
1802.— William Barber, Isaac Cole.
1803.— Hugh Parks, John Neil.
1804.— John Neil, Hugh Parks.
1^05.— Alexander Walker, John Neil,
1806.— John Walker, Henry McGuffin.i
1807.— John Walker, Alex. McGuffin.
1808.— Robert Hamilton, Alex. McGuffin.
1809. — William Mathers, James Thompson.
1810.— WilUam Mathers, ' Long ' Joseph Kidd,
1811.— Wilham Kidd, Wilham Mathers.
1812.— Wilham Mathers, Andrew Wilson.
1813.— Wilham Mathers, Andrew Wilson.
1819.— Andrew Marshall, Archibald Marshall.
1820.— Samuel McCulloigh, David Weir.
1821.— Joseph Parker, John Smith, junr.
1822.— Thomas Marshall, John Young.
1823.— Thomas Marshall, John Young.
1824.— James Coates, Andrew Marshall.
1825.— Leonard Alex. Gunning, Thomas Welch or
Walsh.
1826. — Leonard Alex. Gunning, David McMaster.
1827. — Trevor Corry,2 Samuel Boyd Marshall.
1828.— Trevor Corry, Samuel Boyd Marshall.
1829.— Smithson Corry, Andrew Marshall.
1830.— Trevor Corry, James Gammell.
1831.— Arthur Innes, Ralf Vaughan.
1832. — John Marshall, John Harcourt.
1 The vestry, December 30, 1806, appointed Alex. McGuffin
churchwarden in the place of Henry McGuffin (deceased).
- David McMaster acted as deputy churchwarden for Trevor
Cony, 1827, 1828, 1830.
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 257
1833. — Andrew Cuppels, Isaac Mathers.
1834. — James Lochart, ' Little Barney ' Rice.
1835.— John Clark, Isaac Kidd.
1836. — Bernard Rice, Robert Gibson.
1837. — John Porter, Isaac Mathers.
1838. — David McMaster, James Sturgeon.
1839.— Edward Curteis, John Clark.
1840. — Isaac Mathers, Saml. Boyd Marshall.
1841. — James Sturgeon, Thomas Walsh.
1842. — John Mahood, William Mathers.
1843.— Wm. Clark, Jas. Mathers.
1844. — Francis Greenaway, George Mathers.
1845.— Elijah Clark, John Whaley Magavry(?).
1846.— John Whaley Magavry(?), Elijah Clark.
1847.— William Porter, William Lochart.
1848.— William Porter, Bernard Rice.
1849. — Wilham Porter, Bernard Rice.
1850. — William Porter, Bernard Rice.
1851. — Wilham Porter, Alexander Mahood.
1852.— Wilham Porter, Richard Wiley.
1853. — David Wiley, John Harcourt.
1854.— John Harcourt, Wilham Harcourt.
1855. — Francis Greenaway, James Mathers.
1856. — David Greenaway, James Mathers.
1857. — ^David Greenaway, Joseph Mathers.
1858. — Wilham Greenaway, James Macconneh.
I860.— James Macconnell, Wilham Greenaway.
1861. — James Macconnell, Joseph Mathers.
1862. — Wilham Greenaway, James Macconnell.
1863.— Andrew Marshall, William Clark.
1864.— Andrew Marshall, Wilham Clark.
1865. — Joseph Harcourt, Henry Hamilton.
25ft DONAOmrOBE
1866.— Joseph Harcourt, Henry Hamilton.
1867._William Lochart, Alexander Mahood.
1868.— John Mathers, WilHam Harcourt.
1869.— Joseph Patterson, Wilham Mathers.
1875. — David Greenaway, Wilham Harcourt.
1876. — David Greenaway, William Harcourt.
1877.— David Greenaway, Joseph Patterson.
1878.— George Gordon, J. T, C. Quinn.
1879.— George Gordon, J. T. C. Quinn.
1880.— George Gordon, J. T. C. Quinn.
1881.— Joseph Patterson, John Mehaffy.
1882.— Joseph Patterson, John Mehaffy.
1896. — Joseph Patterson, George Gordon.
1897.— Wilham Clements, George Mathers.
1898.— William Clements, Wilham Mathers.
1899. — Henry Clements, Wilham Mathers.
1900.— G. A.' Orr, George Gordon.
1901.— G. A. Orr, George Gordon.
1902. — G. A. Orr, George Gordon.
1903.— Joseph Patterson, Wilham Mathers.
1904. — ^ Joseph Patterson, Wilham Mathers.
1905. — Joseph Patterson, Wilham Mathers.
1906.— Joseph Patterson, Wilham Mathers.
1907.— Colonel Carden, William McClean.
1908.— Colonel Carden, Wilham McClean.
1909.— Colonel Carden, H. M. Cooke-Cross.
1910. — Colonel Carden, H. M. Cooke-Cross.
1911.— Arthur C. W.Innes-Cross, H.M.Cooke-Cross.
1912. — George Mathers, Christy McClean.
1913.— George Mathers, Christy McClean.
Select Vestry, 1912.— A. C. W. Innes-Cross, Saml.
Gordon, J. P. (Hon. Secretary and Treasurer). George
PARISH VESTRY BOOKS 259
Gordon, J. J. Robinson, M.B., Professor Ander-
son, M.A., M.D., J.P., Joseph Patterson, William
Mathers, WiUiam McClean, John Drake,
Select J. J. Grattan, Samuel Mehaffy, and David
Vestry and (.^eenawav.
Synodsmen. ^ " n ,
Diocesan Synodsmen. — 1876-8 : Arthur
C. Innes, Samuel Gordon, J. T. C. Quinn and Joseph
Patterson. (No appointment of synodsmen appears
in the vestry books, 1879-82.) 1883-U02 : Arthur
C. Innes and George Gordon. K03-12 : George
Gordon and Joseph Patterson.
s 2
CHAPTEE VI
DONAGHMORE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
The Presbyterian Church is old and historic. The
Kirk of Scotland is the venerable mother of the Presby-
terian Communions in the British Isles, and
J,"^\ . • being the State Church of that country, the
Communion Eoyal Family, when resident at Balmoral,
and Kirk of attend the Parish (Crathie) Church. Her
Scotland. ministers are as proud and as certain of
their divine commission as any Anghcan. Dr.
Marshall Lang, Principal of Aberdeen University, in
the Baird Lecture for 1901 (' The Church and its Social
Mission ') asserts the continuity of the present Church
of Scotland with the ancient Celtic Church, and affirms
that the Scottish Eeformation was fundamentally
a Cathohc movement. And a learned presbyter of
the Scottish EstabUshment has pubHshed an important
work, in several volumes, in which he has traced the
succession of the ministers of each parish back to the
Eeformation period, when the old orders were trans-
mitted, thus showing the historical continuity of the
Church. The Irish Presbyterian Church is the full-
grown daughter of the Church of Scotland. Until
disestabUshment she occupied a semi-State position
in this country, each of her ministers receiving the
PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 261
Begiwn Donum. She has an able and scholarly minis-
try, and an intelligent, generous and attached laity.
Ihe Presbyterian Church of Donaghmore is one
of the oldest and most important of country congre-
gations in connection with the General
Donaghmore Assembly. On the north gable of the
Church church there is a moulded date-panel with
the inscription : ' Donoughmore Presby-
terian Church, 1705 ; enlarged 1762 ; restored 1895.'
Long before the first date (1705), however, there must
have been a considerable Presbyterian community in
the neighbourhood, when it seems they worshipped
with the Newry congregation, whose minister was the
Rev. George Lang, and whose church was close to the
' Belfast Road,' about a mile from the town. In 1705
the Presbyterians in Donaghmore became a separate
congregation by the decision of the General Synod
of Ulster.
The records of this Synod are very interesting
reading as showing the modes of spelling, the quaint
customs, and the deliberative methods
Records of >^hich prevailed in the supreme court of
Ulster ^ ^^® Presbyterian Church in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries. The proceedings
of the Synod are also useful reading, and occasionally
furnish very sensible advice, particularly to ministers ;
as, for example, that given to such in 1697, when it
was ' recommended, first, that all Ministers be grave
and decent in their apparrell ; secondly that Young
Men be not entered into the Ministry till they be of
competent Age and Abilitys ; thirdly, that Ministers
& Preachers use a sound Form of Words in Preaching,
262 DONAGHMORE
abstaining from all Romantick Expressions and hard
words, which the vulgar do not understand, as also
from all sordid words and Phrases,' etc. We find the
following quaint overture was passed * Nem: Contrad.'
in 1700, entitled an ' Overture for reforming the
Levitees ' ! viz. ' That there were some Ministers,
their Wives & Children are too gaudj^ and vain in
their Apparrel, and some too sordid, therefore that
it be recommended to the severall Presbytrys to
reform these faults in themselves & theirs, and study
Decency & Gravity in their Apparrel and Wigs,
avoiding powderings, vain Cravats, Half Shirts, and
the like.' It is to be hoped that this timely overture
had the desired effect and that the ' Levitees ' were
reformed ! But apart from their quaintness and so
forth, the records are invaluable as containing a
mine of information for the historian, and this
seems to me to be their main use ±o us. In our sketch
of the Donaghmore congregation in its early stages
we have to depend almost entirely on these synodical
records for our information.
The following extracts from the records of the
Synod furnish a full and detailed account of the
formation and organisation of the Donagh-
Formation jQiore Presbyterian Church, under the
TtionT'^' J^resbytery of Armagh.
Donaghmore It would Seem that previous to 1705
Congrega- the Presbyterians of Donaghmore formed
tracted"'' ^ portion of the Newr\^ congregation. At
Dispute. the Synod of Ulster, held at Antrim, June 1
of that year, we find ' Donaghmore desires
to be a distinct congregation.' The Donaghmore
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 263
' Case ' is thus recorded : ' The Meeting of Ardmagh
brought by Refer into this Synod a Case depending be-
tween Newry and Donaghmore. Donaghmore desires
to be a distinct Congregation. That Presbytry having
given to us a Deduction of that matter, what they have
done is contain'd in a Paper in retenUs. The Synod
entereing upon the Bussiness, call'd the Partys.
Newry by their Commr. Ja: Ballentine, John Hanen,
& several others, their Commission being read, they
produc'd a Supphcation, wherein they crave that the
Congregation of Newry continue as it is. Donaghmore
by their Commrs. Archibald Stuart &c. Supphcate
that there be a new erection.' On the same date, at
' 4 a Clock a merid.,' it was ' overtured ' as follows :
' The Committee deliberately weighing the Refer from
Ardmagh meeting concerning Newry and Donaghmore,
do believe there may be two congregations, one at
Newry, another at Donaghmore, Donaghmore giving
security for 38£ & twenty Bolls of Oats yearly to a
Minister ; & considering the Number of Familys
and Bounds of the Congregation, a Prospect of a
Competent Maintenance to two ministers, spreading
the Gospel, planting the Country, & that neither
Congregation be a too heavy charge. All which being
fully reason'd, it was overtured to the Synod that
there be two Congregations in that Country, the one to
continue at Newr}^ the other to be erected at Donagh-
more— that Donaghmore, both as to the Bounds of
their Congregation to be perambulate by Ardmagh
Presbytry (if need be) & seat of their intended Meeting
house be determined by the Said Presbytry : which
overture being now read in the Svnod and all concern' d
264 DONAGHMORE
having fully spoken, were remov'd. After mature
consideration of the overture with the aforesaid
Reasons, we came to this Vote, whether there shall be
two Congregations in that Country or one ? It was
carryed, by a Plurality of Votes, there shall be two.
. . . The ordering of these two Congregations and Seat
of their new intended Meeting-house to be determined
by the Presbytry of Ardmagh. The partys being
called in, this minute was read unto them. They
were desired to carry Christianly and affectionately
toward each other and reverence Providence in this
and all determinations.' i
On the principle that the stronger should help the
weaker the Newry congregation had promised financial
support to that of Donaghmore, but for some reason
or other the contract was not fulfilled. In the circum-
stances, and receiving no ' Redress ' from the Presby-
tery, the congregation appealed to the General Synod
of Ulster, which met at Antrim June 1, 1708, thus :
' Donaghmore new Congregation, neighbouring
Newry — John Todd, &c., Commrs. supplicated that
tho' according to the Contract with Newry Congrega-
tion, the weaker congregation should be assisted for
the support of the Gospel, Application was made to
the Presbytry of Ardmagh, what was promist not
being perform'd ; and getting no Redress from the
Presby. they were necessitate to appeal to this Synod.
The Appealants' Commission was read : also defendts.'
Reasons by their Commr. James Ballentine were
heard. The Appealants held forth that in Equity
Newry should perform thir Contract, Donnoghmore
' Records, vol. i. pp. 97-8.
PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 265
Circumstances much requiring it.' The Commis-
sioners having been heard and also the Presbytery of
Armagh, it was then ' voted whether annex Drum-
banagher & the Glen to Donnoghmore for its Assist-
ance from Lammas next. It was earryed, from Lammas
next annex Drumbanogher & the Glen to Donaghmore,
Drumbanagher and the Glen paying what Stipend they
owe to Newry before Lammas. Then they are to
get their Testimonial.' ^
It seems that the Presbyterians of Drumbanagher
and Glen were strongly opposed to this union, for at
the next General Synod (September 8, 1708) Wilham
Andrew and William Waterson ' produc'd a Supphca-
tion holding forth their Grievances from the Annexation
of them to that Congregation (Donaghmore), and
desir'd Relief from this Synod.' The ' whole Affair '
was referred to the Synod of Monaghan (of which there
is no record).
At the General Synod (1709) ' Complaint was made
that Drumbanagher and Glen have not obey'd the
Appointment ' of their annexation to Donaghmore.
Their Commissioner (Wilham Waterson) appeared
before the Synod, ' Supplicating that this may please
to reverse the former Act annexing them to Donagh-
more, for the following Reasons, Viz : — their great
Dislike to the Congregation of Donaghmore, and that
they had no Choice of the Minrs. (ministers). There
was also a ' Supplication ' presented that they may be
permitted to be a new ' Erection.'
The Synod appointed a representative committee
of ministers and ruling elders to consider the ' Affair
Records, vol. i. p. 152.
266 DONAGHMORE
and overture thereupon.' The Committee arrived at
the following Resolution : ' That the said Places of
Drumbanogher and Glen continue annext to Donnogh-
more, as they were order'd by the (said) Act of the
Genl. Synod, till they can sufficiently satisfy their
own Presb^ that there can be a regular Erection there
without rendering any other Congregation incapable
of maintaining the Ghospel ; the Presb^ of Ardmagh
be appointed to receive and consider such Application
they may make unto them for an Erection, and
encourage them as they shall find Cause, provided
still that they be not erected till they pay up all Arrears
they may be due to the Congregation of Donnoghmore ;
that Ardmagh Presb^ do not meddle with them, unless
they annex to Donnoghmore, after which they are in
an OEDBRLY WAY to apply to that meeting, who
will take due Care of them ; which overture being read
again and again, was voted and approved by this
Synod. Drumbanagher was admonisht for some
unsuitable expression in their papers.' ^
At the General Synod (Belfast, June 19) of 1711,
the Presbyterians of Drumbanagher and Glen appear
by their Commissioners, William Waterson, William
Andrew, John Auterson, and James Conolly, * humbly
petitioning that they may be reanext to the Congrega-
tion of Newry.' John Tod and Archibald Camond,
Commissioners from the Session and congregation of
Donaghmore, appeared before the same Synod ' com-
plaining that the people of Drumbanogher and Glen
have not obey'd the Acts of this Synod anexing them
to the said Congregation, whereby their Congregation
^ liecoidd, vol. i. pp. 171-3.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 267
is likely to sink, and praying for remedy of their
Grievances, and the anexation of some other Town
Lands now belonging to the Congregation of Newry.
Partys being remov'd, a motion was made that the
former Acts of this Synod for anexing Drumbanagher
& Glen be so far repeal'd as to give full power to the
Presbty. of Ardmagh with Correspondents to consider
the whole affair as if noe such Acts had been ever
made.' The motion was ' Carry'd in the affirmative
nem. contradic' i
This protracted dispute was again brought before
the General Synod — June 17, 1712 — and it would
seem for the last time. The matter came before the
Synod by way of appeal from the ' Sentence ' of the
Armagh Presbytery (which that body had refused to
reverse), viz. that the ' Inhabitants of Drumbanagher
and Glen (The Appellants) be members of the Congre-
gation of Donohmore.' After much discussion by the
Synod the following question was put, viz. ' Whether
the people of Drumbanogher and Glen shall be con-
tinu'd members of the Congregation of Donohmore
or not ? ' and the said question being put accordingly,
' it was carry'd in the affirm, by a great majority.'
Drumbanagher and Glen were dissatisfied with
this decision ; for at the same Synod we find that
certain ' Brethren ' who were appointed to confer with
' that people ' for making them ' Easy in complying
with our conclusion that they continue annext to
Donohmore,' ' report that they conferred with 'em,
but had not the desirable success.'
A ' Complaint ' was made (at this Synod) that Mr.
' Records, vol. i. p. 231.
268 DONAGHMORE
Johnston of Donaghmore had refused the Presbyterians
of Drumbanagher and Glen ' Seahng Ordinances.'
Mr. Johnston ' reply'd that he sent one to those
bounds to tell that people that he would go to the place
and baptize the children of such who would be orderly.'
Drumbanagher considered that by their promising
to be ' orderly ' meant an obhgation to continue with
Donaghmore. ' After long reasoning ' the Synod
passed the following resolution : ' That the people
of Drumbanoher and Glen shall be admitted to Sealing
Ordinances, except they be guilty of such things as
would ev'n deprive other members of Donohmore.' i
Eventually, after a considerable time, Drumban-
agher became a separate congregation, and, at a still
later date, a second was formed. At present, however,
they are united under the joint pastorate of the
Rev. A. F. Hamilton, B.A. (who has retired from the
active duties of the ministry), and the Rev. James
Mulhgan, B.A., who officiates alternately in the two
churches, which are situate in the village of Jerrettspass,
CO. Armagh. A few of the Glen Presbyterians who
reside in the vicinity are members of the Drumbanagher
congregation, while the others still adhere to that of
Donaghmore and are amongst its most loyal supporters.
The present bounds of the Donaghmore congrega-
tion are still very extensive, including most of the
parish, a section of Aghaderg, and the
Bounds of south-eastern portion of Newry parish.
gregaSn ^'^® following are the Presbyterian churches
which at present more immediately surround
the Donaghmore congregation : viz. Newry (two
1 Beconh, vol. i. pp. 205-6 and 268.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 2G9
churches), Ryans, Glasker, Loughbrickland, Four-
towns, Poyntzpass, and Drumbanagher.
1707, June 23. — James Johnston was ordained by
the Presbytery of Armagh as the first minister of the
congregation. This Presbytery reported to
Ministers of the General Synod of 1705 that they had
more^James ' Licens'd Mr. James Johson ' (Johnston)
Johnston, to preach the Gospel. James Johnston
built Traymont (Tremont) House, and gave
the site for the original church edifice. He purchased
the townland of Lisserboy, in the parish of Newry,
bordering that of Donaghmore, where he (and his son
James) gave the site for the present church in 1702,
which was erected during his pastorate. The lease,
renewable for ever, was made to twelve trustees (see
infra), and reserved the famil}^ pew for the Johnstons
and their heirs.
James Johnston was evidently a man of much
influence in the community, a devoted Presbyterian,
and a faithful minister of the Gospel. The Presby-
terians of Donaghmore will do well to revere the
memory of the good man who did so much for their
church in this place. He appears to have been a
constant attendant at the General Synod, until by
age and infirmity he was precluded from taking part
in the supreme court of his church. He appeared at
Synod for the first time in June 1708, and the last
record of his presence was in 1736.
' James Johnson's ' name appears in ' a list of the
Presbyterian ministers to whom her Majestie's Royal
Bounty is to be paid for Xmass quarter 1712.' He
was fifty-nine years minister of the Donaghmore
270 DONAGHMORE
congregation. He died October 21, 1765, aged
eighty-seven years, and was buried in the parish church-
yard, where his tomb remains ; but the stone is so
broken and defaced that it is impossible to decipher
the inscription. We are indebted to Colonel Johnston
(of Kilmore, co. Armagh), a descendant, for the
following particulars of the family :
James Johnston, Presbyterian Minister of Donagh-
more, of Tremont, co. Down, and Carrickbreda,
CO. Armagh, was son of James Johnston of Knappagh,
Carrickbreda and Dress, co. Armagh, by Sarah Dobbs,
his wife. He was born about 1678, married (before
1772) Elizabeth, sister of Francis Wilson of Tully,
CO. Longford. He left two children : James, of
Tremont, and Joseph, M.D., who was grandfather
of Captain Robert Dudgeon Johnston, 66th, 7th,
and 68th Regiments, who served in the Peninsular
War.
James Johnston of Tremont (son of Rev. James
Johnston) married his cousin, Elizabeth, daughter of
Francis Wilson of Tully, co. Longford, and had three
children, James (his heir), the Rev. Francis Johnston,
Vicar of Donaghmore (see List of Vicars), and Eleanor
(married, 1768, William Hawkshaw of Divernagh,
CO. Armagh, and had a son, Lieut. -Colonel Hawkshaw,
31st Regt., whose son, the Rev. Edward Burdett
Hawkshaw, Prebendary of Hereford, married, 1845,
Catherine Mary Jane, daughter of Sir Hungerford
Hoskyns, 7th Bart., and was father of Major Edward
Crichton Hawkshaw, R.A.). The elder son of James
Johnston of Tremont (above mentioned) was James
Johnston of Tremont and Carrickbreda, who married
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 271
Anne Pyne, and had issue, viz. James, Arthur, John,
Joseph and two daughters.
1763, June 27. — George Richey, A.M., was ordained
as assistant and successor to the Rev. James Johnston.
The following extract bearing on his
Richev generosity is taken from the records of
the Synod of Ulster, 1764 :
' Mr. Richey, in the Presbytery of Dromore, tho'
ordain'd before the General Synod in June, 1763,
generously allowed the whole of his ordr3^ R: D: for
that year instead of fourty shills.' George Richey was
a man of much learning and piety, and was greatly
beloved by his congregation during the nine years of
his successful pastorate. He appeared at Synod for
the first time in 1763. He died at an early age, and
was buried in the parish churchyard. His tomb
bears the following inscription : ' Here lyeth the
body of the Reverend George Ritchey A.M. Presby-
terian Minister of this Parish who died the 8th day
of December 1771, age 38 years. Justissimiis Ser-
vantissimus cBqui.' His funeral sermon was preached
by the Rev. Samuel Barber, A.M., of Rathfriland,
and was published at the request of the congregation.
The following are a few extracts : ' I see you all greatly
affected, and sensible of the loss of so faithful an
instructor and guide to heaven. ... I well remember
he was marked out at the University as a most promis-
ing youth ; his acquaintance was even then sought
after, and himself highly esteemed by all ranks for
his piety and learning, which gave pleasing hopes of
his filling with dignity that station in which by Divine
Providence he was afterwards placed, and to qualify
272 DONAGHMORE
himself for which was the constant business of his
life. ... Ye have in a few years been deprived of two
worthy ministers (James Johnston and George Eichey)
whose praise is in all the churches. Take heed, then,
to your ways : show your gratitude to their memory
by a diligent observation of God's great and eternal
truths which they inculcated on you ; be a seal to
their ministry.'
He married a daughter of the Rev. Alexander
M'Comb, of Creggan, co. Armagh, by whom he had
two children, viz. Mary, who married Connell O'Donnell,
brother of Sir Neil O'Donnell, and a son, who was
drowned in Newry, leaving two children, James and
Alexander, the former of whom became a clergyman
of the English Church, and the latter an Irish barrister,
It may be noted that it was immediately after
George Richey's ordination that the congregation
severed its connection with the Presbytery of Armagh,
and joined that of Dromore. At the General Synod
held at Lurgan, June 28, 1763, ' a supplication was
presented from the Congregation of Donaghmore by
John Martin and Thos. Caddell, Commrs. wherein
they intreat (with the concurrance of the Revd. Pby.
of Armagh) that they be joined to the Revd. Pby. of
Dromore. This granted. And the Synod enjoined the
Pby. of Dromore to take care that the Congn. of Don-
aghmore pay the fees due the Pby. of Armagh's Clk. &
the fund due Vinecash & Narro water.' (' Records.')
We are quite certain ' the fund due Vinecash &
Narrowater ' did not suffer by the transfer, and that
' the fees due the Pby. of Armagh's Clk.' were
duly paid !
PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 273
1773, March 9. — Joseph Hay was ordained by the
Presbytery of Dromore as the pastor. He was a
zealous minister, and a great loyahst. He
Ha^^ was present at Synod for the first time in
1773. He died May 15, 1808, having been
for 31 years minister of the congregation.
The inscription on his tomb in the parish chujch-
yard is as follows : ' This is the Bmying place of the
late Rev. Joseph Hay, who departed this life 15th
May 1808. Aged 56 years.'
He was a man of strong convictions and of great
independence of character, who knew his duty and
did it, allowing no dictation. He married the daughter
of the Rev. Joseph Kinkead.
1804, September 4. — Moses Finlay was ordained
minister of the congregation. He was an earnest
man, a popular preacher, and very zealous
Sr "^ estabhshing Sunday Schools within the
bounds of the congregation. He was ' a
father to his people, whose counsel and guidance they
largely sought in their multifarious concerns.' He
was Moderator of the Synod of Ulster in 1883. In
that year Donaghmore was a ' 1st class Congregation '
in respect of the Royal Bounty, with 2894 souls.
He first appears at Synod in 1805. During his
pastorate (about 1832) the spacious lecture-room and
the commodious stables were built at a cost of £20G.
He resigned in April, 1837, and was subsequently
called to the pastorate of Newmills, co. Tyrone.
He died May 5, 1854, and was buried in Donagh-
more parish churchyard, where a handsome tomb
has been erected in his memory and that of Mrs.
274 DONAGHMORE
Finlay {me Thompson), which bears the following
inscription : ' Erected in memory of the Rev. M.
Finlay, for 33 years Presbyterian Minister of Donagh-
more, who died 5th May 1854, aged 74 years, and of
his wife Jane who died 5th January 1846, aged 67
years. " There remaineth therefore a rest for the
people of God." '
The names of Charles and William Laird Finlay
(his sons) have had a conspicuous place, and are of
fragrant memory still in the history of Belfast, and,
indeed, of Ulster Presbyterianism generally.
1840, October 27.— Verner W. White was ordained
to the pastoral oversight of the congregation. He
was a minister of great eloquence and
Verner W. fej-your, and it seems immense congrega-
tions flocked to hear him. He resigned
July 5, 1844, having been called to Islington Presby-
terian Church, Liverpool. While there, it is said,
his popularity as a preacher was so great that the
aisles and pulpit stairs were constantly occupied with
eager Usteners. From Liverpool he was called to a still
more important congregation in London, where his repu-
tation as an eloquent preacher became widely known.
He became a Doctor of Laws, and well earned the
distinction.
1845, October 28.— The Rev. Samuel James Moore
was installed as minister of the congregation. He
was considered a faithful pastor and an
S. J. Moore. ^^^^ pj-gacher. A local authority speaks
of his discourses as closely reasoned and dehvered
with impassioned eloquence, and that, moreover, he
possessed the rare gift of so impressing his congrega-
PRESBYTEETAN CHURCH 275
tioii that it was usual to hear of many who regarded
the sermon as wholly directed to (or at) them ! There
were about 400 communicants October 14, 1849, a
very good test of his ministry.
On August 6, 1850, the congregation presented him
(at his residence, Buskhill) with an address, which
was read by James Harshaw,
To the great regret of the Donaghmore people
Mr. Moore resigned the pastorate of the congregation,
August 20, 1850, having been called to Third Bally-
mena. The ' call ' was presented to him at a Visitation
of Presbytery held at Second Drumbanagher, August
17, 1850, when James Martin opposed his translation on
the ground of his usefulness and the high estimation
in which he was held by the Donaghmore congregation.
Mr, Moore said ' he saw the finger of God directi]]g
him to Ballymena, and he considered it his duty to
accept the call.'
The congregation, notwithstanding Mr. Moore's
decision, entered a strong ' Protest ' against the
decision of the Newry Presbytery in
Congrega- accepting his resignation, and appointed
Protest- commissioners (James Martin, Robert
Reasons. Jel^ery, Robert Craig, and Robert MGaw)
to present the same, with a Memorial
(by way of appeal) to the Synod of Dubhn, to meet
May 2, 1851. There were eleven ' Reasons of Protest.'
The congregation protested ' 1. Because the con-
gregation of Donaghmore contains as many famihes
as that of Ballymena, and some of these in a state of
the grossest ignorance.
' 2. Because the injury to the congregation is
T 2
27G DONAGHMOEE
certain to be great with a Vacancy on the one side
and a popular minister of the Established Church on
the other.
' 3. Because more money has been collected for
Church purposes in our congregation during Mr.
Moore's ministry of five years than for the previous
thirty years.
' 4. Because the influential members of the con-
gregation will subscribe liberally towards the erection of
a manse if Mr. Moore be continued, but not otherwise.
' 5. Because that error prevails extensively within
the bounds of this congregation and we consider Mr.
Moore pre-eminently qualified to combat it,' etc.
The Memorial ' Read in our Meeting house August
25, 1850, was signed by Wm. M'AlHster, Minister,
and James Harshaw, Session Clerk.' (Harshaw Diary.)
Mr. Moore was son of Rev. David Moore, who in
1808 was ordained minister of the Secession Con-
gregation of Markethill.
1851, March 11.— The Rev. Patrick White was
installed as minister. As a preacher he seems to have
been quite as eloquent as his brother
WhT Verner. He very heartily joined in the
Revival movement of 1859, when many
new members were added to the congregation. On
Sunday, October 9, 1859, the number of communicants
was almost 400. The congregation presented him, at
his residence, Buskhill, with an address and purse of
sovereigns, October 11, 1859. The deputation con-
sisted of James Harshaw, Thos. Greer, James Martin,
John M'Allister, Jas. Smith, and Ralph Thompson.
During his ministry ' New Scotch Tokens (were)
PRESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 277
distributed for the first time, 25th October 1856,'
and on ' February 19, 1860, Mr. White preached in
the first Gown that had ever been in Donaghmore
Congregation.' (Harshaw Diary.)
This Scotch token was of lead, and oval in shape.
That now in use is composed of the same material,
but square, the size being half-inch square. It is a
rule of the Presbyterian Church that every person
entitled to come to the Communion must present a
token of admission to the ordinance.
Mr. White resigned the pastorate of the congrega-
tion February 11, 1862, having been elected to succeed
his father at First Bailieborough.
Patrick and Verner White were ' sons of the
manse ' ; their father being the Rev. Patrick White of
Bailieborough — a Master of Arts of Glasgow University.
He was born on St. Patrick's Day, 1785, and on
the same day the agent of the property, Patrick Smith,
visited the house and claimed the name ' Patrick,'
which he received at baptism, while one of his sons
and four grandsons were called after him. ' He was
the first person ever licensed to preach the Gospel
in connection with the Synod of Ulster in the County
of Cavan.' i
1862, December 29.— The Rev. John Elliott was
installed minister of the congregation, when the Rev.
W^ Todd Martin (Newry) preached the
■ sermon, and the Rev. John Dodd (Newry)
gave the ' charge ' ; while the Clerk of the Presbytery
(Mr. Lindsay) explained Presbyterianism.
' See sketch of the Rev. Patrick White, A.M., by his son, Verner
White, LL.D.
278 DONAGHMOEE
It seems Mr. Elliott had not been a candidate for
the appointment, but nevertheless was chosen, and
under remarkable circumstances. He was appointed
by the Presbytery to preside at a meeting of the people
and take their minds between two candidates, neither
of whom, it was found, had a Synodical majority,
when it was unanimously decided to choose the
chairman, and hence his election and promotion from
Clarkesbridge, where he was pastor at the time.
He was an able preacher, a diligent pastor, a judi-
cious organiser, and possessed to a very large extent
the conlidence of his people. Amongst his attached
friends were Mrs. and Miss Johnston of Tremont, who
attended his ministry, occupying the ' Johnston
Seat.' During his pastorate a handsome manse and
offices (in the townland of Loughorne) were erected
(1866-7) at a cost of £860. He was fond of antiquarian
research, and was well versed in the history of his
church, having written an article on the subject for
the Evangelical Witness, to which the writer is much
indebted for information.
He resigned in 1875, having received a call from
Third Armagh, where he remained till his death,
August 17, 1898. He preached his farewell sermon
in Donaghmore June 27, 1875. He commuted in
the interest of the Church in 1878.
H3 was a son of the Rev. John Elliott, Presbyterian
minister of Smithborough, co. Monaghan, who married
Ahce Henrietta, daughter of Nathaniel Foster (of
Athboy, CO. Meath, and Newbliss, co. Monaghan), a
cousin of the John Foster who was the last Speaker of
the Irish House of Commons at the time of the Union.
PEESBYTEEIAN CHUECH 270
He married (September 18, 1856) Jane Stewart,
daughter of John Trimble, M.D., of Castlebellingham
(related to the Crawleys, Hudsons and Breretons of
Louth), by whom he had issue, viz. John Trimble, M.D,,
of Edron, Smithborough, co. Monaghan ; Wilham
Foster (deceased) ; Hester Ismay ; Brereton George ;
James Joseph (deceased) ; Alice Henrietta, who
married W. M. Killen, M.D., Doctor of the Ulster Eye
and Ear Hospital, Belfast, and great-nephew of Pro-
fessor Killen, the Presbyterian historian ; James
Stewart Trimble ; Eobert Benjamin ; and Charles
Johnston.
Mrs. Elliott survives her husband, and resides at
Armagh.
1876, January 18.— Henry M'Dowell, B.A., a
Licentiate of the Presbytery of Ballymena, was
ordained minister of the congregation,
M^d""^ U having been called on the first of the previous
November. He was a man of amiable
disposition, an earnest preacher, and a good pastor.
He married EHzabeth, daughter of James M'Neilly
of Glassdrummond House, Annalong, co. Down.
He was not robust in health, and died while still
young in years — December 25, 1882.
1881, December 21. — The Eev. Lawson Burnett,
B.A., was installed as minister, having been previously
pastor of Kilkinamurry, Katesbridge. He
Lawson ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ much force of character with
Burnett. , . 1 11 . •
decidedly strong convictions, and is, more-
over, an uncompromising Presbyterian, yet he lives
on the most friendly terms wuth those who may differ
from him religiously and otherwise.
i280 DONAGHMORE
He is an earnest minister of the Gospel, an able
preacher, and very zealous in the discharge of his
pastoral duties. He is amongst the distinguished
ministers whose sermons occasionally appear in
the Belfast Witriess. ' The Sabbath Observance
Society ' (Edinburgh), some years since, offered a
prize for the best sermon on ' The Sabbath.' There
was very keen competition for the prize on the part of
many of the ablest ministers in Great Britain and
Ireland. Mr. Burnett's prize sermon won the trophy.
The sermon, published in 1892, is entitled ' A Blessing
and a Curse,' and is based on the text ' Behold, I set
before you this day a blessing and a curse : a blessing
if ye obey the commandments of the Lord your God,
which I command you this day ' (Deut. xi. 26-27).
On November 14, 1911, the congregation presented
Mr. Burnett with an address and handsome pulpit
robes, and Mrs. Burnett with a hall lamp and choice
tea service.
The Rev. Lawson Burnett married (January 12,
1884) Jane Grieve, daughter of John M'Dowell, of
Warrington, Lancashire, by whom he has issue :
Harry, of the Provincial Bank, Coleraine ; Jeannie,
a graduate of the University ; Ella, a hospital nurse ;
Dora, and Mildred.
Mr. Burnett has unquestionably done more towards
church renovation than any of his predecessors in
Donaghmore, especially considering his great enter-
prise of 1895-6, when the sacred edifice
Renovation. ^^'^^ literally transformed. In the laudable
undertaking he was zealously and hberally
supported by members of his congregation, while
PRESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 281
friends in the district, in Newry and elsewhere,
contributed substantially towards the work. The
renovation of that date, with the subsequent
installation of the hot water heating apparatus,
cost almost £900. The entire work was carried out
according to the plans of the well-known architect
Mr. Henry Hobart, of Lagan Lodge, Dromore,
CO. Down.
The church edifice was not only renovated but
remodelled on the occasion. New windows were
opened, encumbering galleries taken away, seats of
pitch pine, arranged after the most approved modern
design, and a handsome platform erected. The new
front with its elegant entablature, resting on tw^o fine
granite pillars, was artistically designed and carried
out, and forms a striking example of the transforma-
tion which can be wrought upon a bald barn-like
gable. The new vestibule (on either side of which are
session and cloak-rooms) gives easy and commodious
access to the staircase and to the body of the house,
which is entered by two glass-panelled sw^ing-doors.
The platform, of the octagon design, is a fine piece of
workmanship, with a rich front of beautifully grained
panels and mouldings relieved by elegant pilasters of
black walnut with nicely carved basings and cappings,
while behind, in the centre of the alabaster arch, is
placed an embossed wood-work panel which adds
immensely to the background effect. The church
is lighted by windows of a pleasing combination
character, having cathedral-tinted glass leadlight
margins, with semi-circular heads and ground-glass
centre. There is a very comfortable minister's room
28'2 DONAGHMORE
at the back of the church, and a boiler-house under-
neath for the new heating apparatus.
The church was reopened for divine service on
the Sundays of May 17 and 24, 1906, the preachers
on the occasions being the Rev. Samuel Prenter,
M.A. (now D.D.), of Dublin, and the Rev. William
Park, D.D. (Belfast), while the collections amounted
to about £100.
It is impossible to furnish a full and complete list
of those who have held the office of ruling elder in
the Donaghmore congregation, as no parti-
^?f^° cular record of such seems to have been
kept by the church authorities. The names
that follow are taken from the ' Records ' of the Synod
of Ulster, a Session Book, beginning in the year 1845,
and information supphed by the courteous Clerk of the
Newry Presbytery — the Rev. James Meeke, M.A., of
Kingsmills, co. Armagh. The dates in brackets indi-
cate the year or years (when known) the elder was
present at Synod as representing the congregation.
John Todd of Ringclare
(1708, 1709,
1711, 1720)
Daniel Taylor of Killysavin
(1710,
1715, 1728)
Joseph Allison of Granshaw
. (1712)
Joseph Symington .
. (1713)
Alexander Gelson .
. (1714)
Samuel Boyd of Carnacally
. (1716)
Hugh M Gie .
. (1717)
James Harshaw of Ringbane .
. (1718)
John Carnolian of Glen .
. (1719)
PRESBYTEEIAN CHUECH 28B
David Scott ,
. (1721)
Fran. Moore .
. (1722)
Richard Ferguson
of Tully
more
. (1723)
Joseph Kelly .
.
. (1724)
Jon. Fysher i .
. (1725)
Will. Andrew .
.
. (1727)
Hugh Makibbon
.
. (1729)
Nath. Henry of Drumbana
gher.
. (1730)
Joseph Ferguson
. (1735)
From this year till 1776 the congregation was not
represented at Synod by a ruling elder, except in
1764, when David Weir (already referred to) was
present : Ralf Campbell (1776).
The next representative present at Synod is Andrew
Murdock of Lisnaree (1805). In 1834 the following
were ruhng elders : John M'Cullough,- Hugh Todd,
S. Boyd Marshal], John Cowan, James Harshaw, and
Alexander Murdock.
In 1845 the same names appear (in the Session
Book) with the addition of that of John Sloane,
On January 16, 1849, the following were ordained
to the office of ruling elders : Thomas Marshall,
Archibald Murdock, and Thomas Ward.
These elders had previously made the following
declaration :
' We believe the Westminster Confession of Faith
as received by the Church of Scotland in 1641 to be
^ By a mistake in the records this name may have been inter-
changed with that immediately underneath it, viz. John Todd.
2 ' Died of Consumption (1846) much regretted by his acquaint-
ances as a candid and genuine person.' (Session Book.)
284 DONAGHMOKE
founded on and in accordance with the Word of God,
and as such we acknowledge it to be the Confession
of our Faith.'
1876, May 17, the following were ordained ruling
elders : John Harshaw, Ealf Copeland, Eobert Young,
Eobert Sloane, and Hugh Marshall.
1902, Pebraary 25, the following were ordained to
the eldersliip : viz. James Donnelly of Cloughinramer
and Archibald Murdock of Lisnaree.
The following minute appears in the Session Book,
March 1896. ' Mr. John Harshaw, the Senior Elder
of Donaghmore Session died on 17th Feby.
Harshaw^" 1896. He was a man of sound judgment
and kindly disposition, a faithful attender
at public worship, a man who took a lively interest in
ministers and their work, and in church affairs generally,
a lover of his own Presbyterian Zion, and a member
oftentimes of the General Assembly. He came down
to his death in a good old age in the spirit of a child,
of humility and penitence. The Session regret very
much the loss of his presence and well-balanced counsels.'
The Harshaws took a keen interest in the affairs
of the church and its services, and their counsel was
sought in all that concerned its welfare. We find
James Harshaw (father of the above John) conducting
the service in the church on an emergency. The
following entry occurs in his diary : ' February 16,
1851. — The Sabbath. — No minister being at the meet-
ing house, I took down the Bible off the pulpit to the
table in the ally, and after reading the 121st Psalm,
which was sung by the clerk, I read the Sermon on
the Mount (viz. 5th, 6th, and 7th chapters of Matthew).
PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH 285
The clerk then sang part of the 25th Psahn, when the
congregation dispersed.' Elder Harshaw did the
proper thing in the circumstances, and was quite
right in not ' ascending the pulpit ' !
The minute in regard to Robert Young is as
follows : ' The session desires to record their sincere
regret at the sudden and unexpected death
Elder ^f Robert Young, which took place at his
Young. residence, Butter Hill, on Sabbath 4th
August 1877. Mr. Young was ordained
an elder of Donaghmore Presbyterian church on
Wednesday 17th May 1876, and was much beloved
not only by the Session, but by the whole Congregation.'
Ralph Copeland (ordained on same date) died
November 29, 1884, ' after a wasting and trying
illness. He was a man of well-formed
Co eland ^ I'^Hgious convictions and unblemished
character, as sternly firm to principle as
Puritanism itself. He took a warm interest in the
Donaghmore congregation, having been for many
years, though not the later years of his hfe, superin-
tendent of the Sabbath school. His death, at httle
over the prime of life, is a solemn call to those behind
to use faithfully and earnestly the talent committed
to them.' (Session Book.)
Archibald Murdock, ordained in 1849, died Sep-
tember 1888. ' He was an amiable, kind-hearted
man, with a large amount of the tone and
Ei<i<^f bearing of the Christian gentleman, and was
Mmxtoct*!^ specially noted among his colleagues in the
Eldership for the gift of prayer. During
a long and afflictive illness he showed the temper of the
286 DONAGHMORE
true Christian, the broken and contrite heart, and the
longing of a believing soul for Christ and his everlasting
consolations.' (Session Book.)
Of precentors of the Donaghmore congregation,
it will suffice to single out the late Joseph Harpur,
who for so many years filled that office.
Precentor j^n(jj.ew M'Clelland having resigned the
Har^fur. clerkship, James Martin (Loughorne), the
treasurer of the congregation, wrote Joseph
Harpur (June 4, 1849) to the effect that he had been
appointed by the Committee and Session to the precen-
torship (clerk) at a salary of £8 per annum, and that,
should he accept the post, he must consider himself,
in regard to his official duties, as under Sessional
control. The reply of Precentor Harpur is given in
full, as it is very characteristic :
' Diomantine, 6th Jime, 1849.
' SiR,_I received your letter of the 4 of June
which gave me to know that I was appointed to the
office of precentor in Donaghmore and I wish to inform
you that I have gave up my situation in Drumbanagher
and I have thrown myself on you with all my abilitys,
with all my faults and with all my failings and as to
being under the control of the Session I am willing to
submit to them as a Court of Christ and as officers of
His Church. I will be there on first Sabbath, God
willing. Oh, that it may be to me as a gracious
antisipation of that happy era when I shall yet chant
the praises of God and of Christ in the upper sanctuary
is the sincere prayer of your most obedient servant.'
(Harshaw Diary.)
PEESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 287
He resigned the position January 21, 1878, having
been for almost thirty years precentor of the church.
He was a man whom the older members of the congre-
gation will not soon forget. He was a ' character '
in his way, but a strong one, with much natural ability ;
a marvellous memory and a stentorian voice. He
possessed a very high idea of his musical attainments,
but it is to be feared his performances as a musician
were not calculated to charm as those of Orpheus,
who
' With his lute, made trees,
And the mountain-tops that freeze,
Bow themselves when he did sing.'
He loved what he called a ' good Sarmon ' and few
could remember one so well. On his retirement he
was presented with a handsome silver watch, which,
he was wont to inform his friends, he had ' won with
the wind of his mouth ' !
We will refer to but one ministerial election, viz.,
that of the Rev. Patrick White, who succeeded the
Rev. S. J. Moore, over which there seems
^ . to have been a ' stiff fight.'
Election^ The latter resigned in August 1850,
while the former was not elected till Feb-
ruary of the following year. Thus the congregation
was five months without a settled pastor- — it taking
that space of time to make a choice. There were
upwards of twelve candidates, divided into three hsts,
all of whom were heard. A Commission of Presbytery
was appointed to attend ' a meeting of the people
(February 3, 1851), Rev. John Moran presiding, when
288 DONAGHMORE
four names were finally proposed, the largest number
of votes (43) being given to the Rev. Patrick White
of Scotstown, who was declared duly elected. The
minority signed the ' Call,' and the Commission of
Presbytery pronounced it mianimous. The Commis-
sion ' agreed that the congregation should pay the
minister £40 (Royal Bounty additional) and whatever
else the " house " would make up after deducting the
Salary of sexton and that of Precentor.' (Harshaw
Diary.) Doubtless the importance of the pastoral
charge of such a large congregation accounts for so
many candidates, and the sturdy independence of the
Donaghmore Presbyterians explains the elaborate
election programme, while probably the action of the
Newry Presbytery in accepting Mr. Moore's resignation
had much to do with the commotion and delay that
attended the election of his successor.
It seems scarcely the correct thing to preach the
Gospel as a candidate— BoMciting votes— and to be
subject to the criticism of many (samples are in every
congregation) who would scarcely ' know a good
sermon if they heard it ' ; but none of our election
methods are perfect, and it is difficult to say which is
best.
The Presbyterians naturally desire to ' hear ' the
man who is to minister to them, and we must not blame
them. K good story is told regarding a Scottish
ministerial election, which is as follows. Sandy
(discussing a candidate's probation discourse with
Jamie, a brother elder) gives judgment thus : ' In
my opinion, he wasna justified in dividing folk into
the sheep and the goats. I wadna just say, Jamie,
PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH 289
that I was among the unco guid, an' I wadna say that
you were among the unco bad. So whar do Ave come
in ? He'll no do for us, Jamie. We'll no vote for
him.'
The Session Book contains much information
regarding disciphne and the moral and spiritual
condition of the congregation since 1845.
Diacipline!^" The earlier records which are minutes of
the Session are very incomplete, being of a
rather skeleton character ; but, later, such defects are
not so apparent. It is worthy of note that the cases
of discipline which have come before the Session of
late years are extremely few as compared with those
at an earlier date. The improvement in this respect
speaks well for the moral tone and character of the
Donaghmore congregation. It requires much moral
courage on the part of the Session to adjudicate in
such cases, and, indeed, to discipline at all- — especially
in these days when so many would seem to be a ' law
unto themselves.' It is considered by competent
authorities that church disciplme, so far as the laity
are concerned, is a thing of the past, and that the only
persons at present who can be made amenable to
ecclesiastical laws are the clergy !
The Presbyterians were strong disciplinarians in
past times, while the ' punishments ' inflicted on the
guilty were severe in their way, and, we would add,
somewhat peculiar.
Presbyterian discipline in the past was based on
the idea of repentance for transgressions. The so-called
punishments were very generally supposed to be the
outward signs of inward repentance. Sometimes,
290 DONAGHMOKE
however, there was a money payment huposed, as for
instance in Templepatrick all persons standing in
the public place of repentance (in presence of the
congregation) were obliged to pay one groat (four
pence) to the church.
The minutes of the Lagan Presbytery give an
instance of a person who, when he had admitted his
crime lyrivately, was ordered to * voluntarily rise up
without being called in the congregation and acknow-
ledge his fault.'
Certain culprits had often to stand in uMte sheets,
while others were condemned to wear sackcloth.
In the case of great crimes they were compelled to
stand ' high,' i.e. in some elevated position in the
presence of the congregation. Should the crime
be not so great, they were permitted to stand ' low,'
and wear their ordinary clothes. If they exhibited
' signs of repentance,' their ' standing ' in presence
of the congregation would soon end, and they would
be * absolved ' from crime ; but if they proved con-
tumacious, their standing would be prolonged. The
crimes which involved this ' standing ' were generally
any breaches of the Ten Commandments, drunkenness,
or disobedience of any regulation made by a Church
Court. If a transgressor refused to submit to disci-
pline, such was excluded from the Communion.
We wonder if the Session of Donaghmore took any
action in the following nine cases of drunkenness, at
a dinner party, at the Fourmile House (January 3,
1851), given in honour of ' Mr. Irvine of Annaghbane,
a learned, talented, warm-hearted gentleman,' who
' educated the young people of the neighbourhood
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 291
in the precepts of tbe Bible, and in classic literature.'
The sad spectacle must have met the keen eye of a
good elder and ' pillar of the church,' viz. James
Harshaw, who presided on the occasion, and who thus
graphically relates the sad story in his diary : ' Dinner
very substantial, and good punch, and very abundant !
27 dined. All cheerful, but 9 drunk ! ' It has just
occurred to us, that probably the Session had no
jurisdiction in the matter, as the nine culprits may
not have belonged to the Presbyterian Communion !
It is interesting to note that the above Mr. Irvine
kept a classical school— at Annaghbane House — of
which the late Dr. John Hall of New York was an
assistant master.
There is no record in the Session minutes regarding
the ' Revival ' of 1859. The Harshaw Diary, however,
furnishes a detailed account of the move-
•The ^ ment in Donaghmore— the meetings, the
1859. ' speakers, and parties ' impressed ' in the
congregation. ' Revival Services ' were
held almost daily in the Presbyterian church, in
schoolhouses, mills, and the open air, which were
attended by crowds of people—many of whom were
' impressed '• — while not a few of the females became
hysterical. The diarist uses the word ' impressed,'
but a more popular expression was applied, viz. ' to
fall '—from the fact that those affected generally ' fell
in a swoon.' We have no information regarding the
ultimate effects of this wonderful ' rehgious phenome-
non ' in Donaghmore (or indeed elsewhere). There
was certainly great spiritual excitement, and an
unwonted seriousness manifested on the part of many
292 DONACtHMOKE
in the congregation' — at least for the time being. The
Eev. Patrick White took a very prominent part in
' The Eevival,' with the result that many new
members were added to the congregation, while at the
sacrament of the Lord's Supper (October 9, 1859) there
were about 400 communicants.
An extraordinary Eevival occurred in the county
of Antrim about the year 1625, which bears a strong
resemblance to that of 1859. The former
1Q25^^ ' Revival is described by the Eev. Andrew
Stewart (Presbyterian minister of Donagh-
adee from 1645 to 1671) in a literary work which he
did not live to complete, a portion of which (' The
Entry of the Scotts ') bears on the subject.
It seems the chief promoter of the Eevival of 1625
was a Eev. William Glendinning, who was scarcely
compos meJitis. Mr. Stewart thus delineates him
(throwing the blame on the Bishops who permitted
him to preach) : ' For while thus it was and when
any man would have expected nothing but God's
judgment to have followed the crew of sinners, behold
the Lord visited them in admirable mercy the like
whereof had not been seen anywhere for many genera-
tions. For, among them who had been permitted to
preach by the Bishops, there was one Mr. Glendinning,
a man who would never have been chosen by a wise
assembly of Ministers, nor sent to begin a reformation
in the land ; for he was little better than distracted-
yea, afterwards did actually distract — yet this was
the Lord's choice to begin the admirable work of God.'
Mr. Stewart goes on to describe the Eevival and its
effects upon the people. He says : ' I have seen them
PEESBYTERIAN rHUEr'H 298
myself stricken and swoon with the Word — yea, a
dozen in one day carried out of doors as dead, so mar-
vellous was the power of God smiting their hearts for
sin, condemning and killing ; and some of those were
none of the weaker sex or spirit, but indeed some of the
boldest spirits,' etc.
It will be of interest to allude to a few Visitations
of the Presbytery at Donaghmore, the findings of
which will enable us to form a pretty fair
Visitations of • • • i . -i • -i ^ ■,
Presbytery, opmion m regard to the spnitual and
material condition of the congregation in
past times— say for the last half century. These
visitations much resemble an episcopal visitation- —
except that they are not held at a centre but rotate
(each congregation within the bounds of the Presbytery
being honoured in turn) ; and besides, they seem less
' authoritive,' though we are sure, if necessary, the
Presbytery would at once transform itself into an
august body and ' rebuke with all authority,' and
possibly even St. Paul's charge to Timothy would be
set at naught, viz. ' Kebuke not an elder ! '
A Visitation of Presbytery was held April 11, 1848
—the ruling elders present being James Harshaw and
Hugh Todd. James Harshaw kept a diary for many
years of his life (five volumes — now bound) in which
he noted the daily incidents of his life and family, and
the occurrences of the parish' — ecclesiastical and civil
—to which the writer is indebted for much information,
and especially in regard to the Presbyterian church,
of which he was a devoted member and officer. He
was a ruling elder for many years, and seems to have
been a benign ruling spirit as well, while he was
294 DONAGHMORE
evidently a good Biblical scholar, and well versed in the
laws of his Church. He informs us in his diary that
during the Visitation of Presbytery he ' asked that
children should be baptized in their private houses, to
which the Presbytery demurred, but admitted that
the system or rule or law they wished to adopt, viz.
Baptism in the Meeting-house — was not based on
Scripture. On the following Sabbath, Eev. Mr. West
preached on the subject, impressing on the congregation
that Baptism was not rightly administered unless done
in the Meeting-house before the assembled congrega-
tion, or where public worship had been announced, and
where the minister presides, but took special care to
conceal the great scripture doctrine of "a Church in
the House," '
A ' Visitation of the Presbytery was held at the
Meeting-House 11th August 1857. Archibald Murdock
and James Harshaw were examined by Mr. Moran
(Moderator) and Mr. Lindsay (Clerk) on behalf of the
Session, and Messrs. Boyd Marshall and Thomas Greer
questioned as the representatives of the congregation.
The Visitation passed off quietly and well, after which
we had a well laid out Lunch in the class-room of
Bread, Beef, and Ham, with Porter and Whiskey ' !
(Harshaw Diary.)
It may seem strange to us ' Catch-my-Pal ' folk
to read of the last two items on the bill of fare at a
luncheon given in honour of the Newry Presbytery,
but such commodities were ' nothing accomited of '
in those days. It is just possible, however, that only
the ruling elders partook !
A Visitation of the Presbytery was held at Donagh-
PRESBYTEEIAN CHURCH 205
more, July 3, 1861, when the ' Finding ' was as follows :
' The Presbytery have to express their satisfaction with
the zeal, diligence and faithfulness of their esteemed
Brother, Mr. Elliott, in the discharge of his ministerial
duties ; with the respectable attendance at Pubhc
worship, the district meetings for prayer, reading the
Scriptures, and praise ; the successful efforts made by
the congregation for the erection of a Manse, and the
interest taken in the secular education of the young.'
The Presbytery ' express their regret at the low stan-
dard of Christian hberality in the Congregation, as
evidenced in the support of the Ministry, the Missions
of the Church, and the contributions on the Lord's
Day ; that family worship is not more generally
observed, that many parents do not encourage their
children to attend the Sabbath School ; and that the
ordinance of Baptism is not more frequently adminis-
tered in the Church upon the Lord's Day,' etc.
Another Visitation of the Presbytery was held in
Donaghmore, May 7, 1878, when the following was the
finding : ' The Presbytery desire to express their
satisfaction with the diligence, faithfulness, and
efficiency of their esteemed young Brother, Mr.
M'Dowell, in the discharge of his ministerial duties ;
with the creditable attendance of the people upon the
public ordinances of the Church, and their increasing
liberality ; with the zealous co-operation of the Elder-
ship with the minister in the oversight of the Congrega-
tion, and with the efficient manner in which the
Committee managed its secular affairs.' The Presby-
tery considered that the number of communicants
at each Communion was small in proportion to that
•29G DONACIHMORE
on the list of communicants, and regret was expressed
accordingly. It was ' recommended ' (a mild com-
mand !) that the Session hold stated meetings and
record the proceedings in the Session Book— a good
recommendation.
The next Visitation of the Presbytery was held
July 3, 1888, of which the following is a copy of the
finding :
' The Presbytery are pleased to find that Mr.
Burnett discharges with faithfulness and ability all
the duties of the Ministerial office ; that the people
attend so generally upon the services of the sanctuary,
and that the education of the young is so well provided
for.' Regret is expressed that the attendance at the
Sabbath School is so small ; that family worship is
not more generally observed, and that there is such a
large number' — amountiiig to almost one half the number
of families in comiection with the congregation- — who
contribute nothing to the funds of th e Church ! A number
of recommendations having been made, the Presbytery
' commend Minister and people to the care and blessing
of the King and Head of the Church, and exhort them
to increased prayerfulness for the presence and blessing
of the Holy Spirit.'
A Visitation of the Presbytery was held shortly
after the late church renovation, September 1, 1906,
of which the following is an extract of the finding :
' The Presbytery have heard with satisfaction the
answers given by the Minister, representatives of
Session and Committee, The Minister continues to
devote himself faithfully to the preaching of the Gos-
pel, to the care of the young, and to the other duties of
PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH 297
his Office. They are pleased to find that extensive
renovation of the Church building has recently been
made, and they congratulate the Minister and members
of this old and respectable congregation on the hand-
some and comfortable Church which they now
possess.'
The Donaghmore Presbyterian Church property con-
1^ ^ .• sists of the church and adjoining premises.
Church ^^^ manse and lands attached, and the
Property; Donaghmore National Schoolhouse, This
^I'^^t^l property is held by Trustees— all of
whom are members of the congregation.
The following were the original trustees of the
church, with their places of residence so far as known :
Archibald Lowry (Aughnacavan), Hugh Waddell
(Ouloy or Curley), Thomas McKee (Granshaw), Archi-
bald Murdock (Lisnaree), Robert Crawford (Finnards),
John Campbell (Corcreeghy), John Martin (Loughorne),
David Ellison (Granshaw), James Cochran (Ouley),
John Morrison (Ardkeeragh), Hugh Marshall (Tully-
murry), and Isaac Patterson. It is now a century
and a half since the lease was made, and of the original
trustees only two representatives remain in the
congregation.
Archibald Lowry (who died August 1813) was
great-grandfather of John Kidd Porter (of Aughna-
cavan) a member of the present committee
Lowr^*'"^ of the congregation and legal trustee of
the manse property. Archibald Lowry
took a prominent part in the alTairs of the parish.
He was a member of the parish vestry, and was fre-
quently appointed applotter of the church cess
298 DONAGHMORE
(see Vestry Minutes, 1771). One of his sons was a
Presbyterian minister, another a doctor in the Royal
Navy, while the latter had two sons w^ho became
Members of Parliament. One of the family was the
Rev. Archibald Lowry, the Home Missionary in
Connaught and Mmister, who did such heroic work in
reheving the sick and suffering during the dark days
of the Irish famine, and whose nephew, the Rev.
J. W. S. Lowry, is at present the w^ell-known Presby-
terian minister of Fitzroy Harbour, Ontario, Canada.
Archibald Murdock was great-grandfather of
Archibald Murdock who is at present a member of
the Session. For upwards of one hundred
Archibald ^^^.^ ^.j^^^.^ seems to have been an unbroken
Murdock. •' . „ ,. , , • i nr i i
succession of ralmg elders m the Murdock
family.
Hugh Marshah (one of the Buskill Marshalls) was
great-grandfather of the late Hugh ]\Iarshall of Tully-
murry, who died November 11, 1911.
Marshall "^^ ^^^^ latter) was a member of the Session
and evinced the keenest interest in all
that concerned the welfare of the congregation. He
was considered the local Presbyterian historian, and
probably knew more about the history of the congrega-
tion than any other of his contemporaries. He had
much natural ability and a tenacious memory. He
possessed but few books, but what he had were used.
His constant companions were the ' Records ' of the
Synod of Ulster, the ' Reports ' of the General Assembly,
and the Belfast Witness. He had many peculiar views
on things in general (excepting rehgion), mostly based
on what he called his ' own theories ' ! and yet, not-
PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH 299
withstanding, he was sometimes able to arrive at fairly
correct conclusions- — which, when once formed, nothing
could shake. He was a well-known character in
Donaghmore and neighbourhood, which he considered
' the centre of creation,' while the Presbyterian church
in his estimation was quite as important as St. Paul's
Cathedral !
He usually wore a singular costume • — portion of
which was his ' waterproof ' cape- — composed of coarse
sackcloth. He had strange views regarding diet and
modes of living, which did not minister to health ; but
he professed to know more than the doctors ! Poor
man, he suffered much in his latter years, which were
sad and lonely, though he had many friends who would
have gladly come to his help, if lyermiUecL He was
a kind Christian man, with a warm heart, and most
charitable to the sick poor. The writer is indebted to
him for much local information, which was gratefully
accepted when such was not based on ' theory ! '
John Martin, one of the original trustees, was
grandfather of the Jolm Martin of Repeal
John Martin f.^^^^^^ ^^,^-,^1^ another, John Morrison, was
liLlson. grandfather of the late Dr. Morrison
of Newry.
The following are the present trustees in whom
the church, manse and schoolhouse are legally
vested :
Joseph Gordon Young, John Kidd Porter, James
Smith, Joseph McMinn. Deceased Trustees : Robert
McComb, Joseph Malcolmson, and Samuel Murdock.
(Thomas Copeland's trusteeship lapsed, he having
ceased to be a member of the congregation.)
BOO DONAGHMOEE
The erection of the manse (in the townland of
Loughorne) was completed in 1867, at a cost of £860.
The site was promised April 11, 1860, by
The Manse, j^j^^^ j^j^^.^-^^ ^^^^^ landlord), who laid the
foundation stone, June 8, 1864. Five statute acres
of land are attached, which Avas purchased out under
the Land Act of 1907, and in consequence the annual
rental has been reduced by about £2 per annum.
The manse is a fairly handsome building, while the
grounds (of good extent) are well planted with trees
and shrubs. The building of a manse had long been
contemplated by the congregation. On Sunday,
February 3, 1850, James Martin ' moved the whole
congregation into a Committee ' (James Harshaw pre-
siding) in order to take into consideration the erection
of a manse, when £100 was subscribed. Again on
November 20, 1860, the committee warmly took up
the matter, when £106 was promised. (Harshaw
Diary.)
The manse is kept in proper repair, and, as it should
be, at the expense of the congregation. Quite recently
about £80 was expended on repairs— the amount being
liquidated through the efforts of Mrs. Burnett assisted
by members of the congregation.
A board over the entrance to the Donaghmore
National Schoolhouse bears the following :
housc'''''°^' ' Donaughmore National School— Erected
by subscription— A.D. 1859.' (' Donaugh-
more ' is a misspelling.)
The schoolhouse was built by subscription. Apart
from subscriptions, we find Dr. John Hall, of Dublin,
preaching on behalf of the building fund, at the
PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH 301
Presbyterian church, Nov^ember 11, 1860, when the
collections amounted to £17 5s. id. The schoolhouse
is situated in the townland of Tullymurry. The old
schoolhouse was situated in the townland of Ringclare.
In 1820 it had mud walls— the teacher being John
Kidd — whose salary was the modest sum of £14 86-.
per annum. The average attendance of pupils for
that year (1820) was as follows : Presbyterians, 20 ;
Roman CathoHcs, 1 ; and Established Church, 0*5.
The school at Ringclare was under Presbyterian
management, and continued to be so when transferred
to the new building in Tullymurry. The patron in 1860
was Thomas Greer of Buskill, who took a very promi-
nent part in all that concerned the interest of the
Presbyterian congregation, while in the secular affairs
of the parish he was equally conspicuous.
The Donaghmore N.S. was opened April 1, 1860,
the first teacher being Robert Sloan (appointed
April 16), who for upwards of thirty
orxeachers ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^® position with Credit to
himself and to the satisfaction of all con-
cerned. He resigned January 1, 1891. He was
Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages for the
district from 1861 till his death, February 3, 1898.
After this date the succession of teachers is as
follows : Edward Simpson, Robert Gordon, James
McLaughlin, Miss K. Robinson, and Miss E. Jeannie
McAhster (married Christy McClean),who was succeeded
by her sister, Miss Molly McAlister, the present principal
and efficient teacher.
Miss Gertrude McGaffin, the competent assistant
teacher, was appointed October 1, 1912. The school
302 DONAGHMOEE
is under the management of the Eev. Lawson Burnett,
with whom is associated the following committee :
J. Gordon Young, Wm. Cummins, A. W. Dillon, John
Irwin, Joseph Patterson, and the Rev. J. Davison
Cowan, LL.D.
The Presbyterian church officers at this date (1913)
are as follows : Session' — James Donnelly (Sheep-
bridge House) and Archibald Murdock
Officer^s (Lisnaree). Committee— James Smith, J.
Gordon Young, Joseph McMinn, Hugh
McMaster, Samuel Clegg, Robert Copeland, John K.
Porter, Robert W. Sharmon, WilHam Cammins, Isaac
H. Smyth (Treasurer), John Irwin (Secretary), Joseph
Henning, Robert H.Megaw, James Malcolmson, Samuel
Donaldson, Alexander S. Dillon, and Wilham Fletcher.
In this connection it will be interesting to note the
members of Committee of the congregation for the year
1848, viz. Joseph McNeight, John Cowan, jnr., Arclii-
bald Marshall, Alexander Linden, Thomas Walsh,
Joseph Smith, James Walsh, John McMaster, John
Marshall, John Porter, Thomas Marshall, James
Skillen, William Beck, David Weir, James Todd,
Edward Jardine, John Harshaw (Secretary), Alexander
Douglas, William Heslip (Curley), W. Heslip (Ardar-
ragh), Joseph Robinson, William Dowry, W^m. Sloan,
Thos. Greer, Archibald Murdock, A. Crawford, Thos.
Ward, Wm. Porter (Croan), W^m. Crawford, Joseph
Watterson, W^m. Spiers, Robert McMinn, Samuel
Andrews, Robert Jeffrey, Samuel Clegg, Robt. Craig,
John Andrews, John Higgins (?), Robert McClelland,
James Dickey, James Morrow, — - Parker, John
Martin (Treasurer), Irvine, and James Martin.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 303
This large and influential committee was un-
doubtedty representative of the congregation at the
time, \Yhich was then extremely numerous as compared
with what it is at present. Indeed it is scarcely more
than a fragment of what it was in former times —
having suffered, hke most country congregations,
through emigration and the flocking of the people
to the great centres of industry in large towns.
The Presbyterian Church of Donaghmore is in a
healthy condition financially and otherwise. Through-
out its long history it has occupied an important posi-
tion in the annals of Ulster Presbyterianism, and
deservedly so, as having been true to its traditions in
faithfully bearing aloft the ' Blue Banner of the
Covenant,' while during all these years its moral and
spiritual condition has been m keeping with the
appropriate motto of the great Communion in which
it has an honoured place, viz. Ardens sed Virens.
CHAPTEE VII
DONAGHMORE DISPENSARY
It is generally acknowledged that the first real land-
mark in the medical relief of the sick poor was the
Act (5 George III. c. 20) passed by the Irish Parliament
(1765), providing for the establishment of County
Infirmaries. By this Act the Grand Jury of each
County was empowered to found a County Infirmary,
and to make yearly presentments for its up-keep,
of a sum not exceeding £700 per annum, while the
surgeon was to have £100 a year and other advantages.
These County Infirmaries, however, not being found
sufficient, by reason of their distance in most cases
from the abodes of the sick, the Act of 45 George III.
c. Ill was passed, which facilitated the establishment
of Dispensaries to ' afford medical and
Provident ^^^^.^[^^1 ^id to the poor.' These insti-
Dispensaries. p i i i
tutions were to be supported by voluntary
contributions and Grand Jury presentments, but
the amount granted by the latter was not to exceed
that of the former. A large number of these Dispens-
aries were established in Ireland, and doubtless
afforded much medical rehef to the sick poor. They
met, too, with a fair share of financial support, their
funds from all sources amounting in 1833 to £49,654,
DONAGHMOKE DJSPENSAEY 305
but they were doomed to failure, being largely voluntary
institutions, and especially owing to their very unequal
distribution over the country. The Eoyal Commission
of 1833 condemned them for these two reasons. An
early effort was made to establish one of these Dis-
pensaries in Donaghmore. At a meeting of the
Vestry, held April 5, 1839, Isaac Corry in the chair,
it was resolved that the Eev. M. J. Mee, Vicar of the
Parish, ' be entrusted to write to the different land-
lords and others throughout the intended Dispensary
district to request of each of them to state what sum
each intends to subscribe, and that when their answers
shall have been received he is hereby authorised to
convene another meeting.' There is no record of
another meeting having been held.
It was not, however, till the year 1848 that one
of these Dispensaries was founded in Donaghmore.
It was managed by a Committee, which
Donaghmore consisted of ' all Subscribers of one guinea
Provident = . i . o
Dispensary. P^^ annum — three to form a quorum.
The following constituted the first Dis-
pensary Committee : — Isaac Corry (Chairman), James
Harshaw (Secretary and Treasurer), Rev. J. C. Quinu,
Rev. S. J. Moore, Rev. Martin Ryan, P.P., Rev. A.
Bryson, John Martin, Richard Waring, Thos. Ledlie,
David Woods, Arthur Maginnis, Robert Gibson,
John Carswell, Dan Magennis, Thos. Greer, Robert
Wilson, etc.
The first medical officer of the Dispensary was
Surgeon James Bryson, who, at a meeting of the
Committee, June 21, 1848, was elected ' to super-
intend the Dispensary for the ensuing twelve months.'
306 DONAGHMORE
Surgeon Bryson was son of the Rev. Alexander
Bryson, Minister of the Four-towns. He
Surgeon ^,^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ much abiHty and promise.
^'^''°"' He died March 17, 1851, aged 29 years,
leaving a widow and two children.
On May 10, 1851, Dr. Wilham Saunderson (of
the Poyntzpass Dispensary) was appointed medical
officer of the Donaghmore Dispensary.
^^'' William Saunderson was a highly qualified
medical practirioner, being A.B. (Dublin)
1838, M.B. 1840, A.M. 1860, L.R.C.S.l. 1841, L.M.
Great Britain Street Hospital 1836. He was appointed
at a salary of £50 per annum, to be increased to £60
in case ' the funds are forthcoming for the purpose.'
The other candidate proposed on the occasion was
Dr. Robert Brown McClelland, afterwards a physician
of much distinction, with a lucrative practice in Ban-
bridge.
At the final meeting of the Dispensary Committee,
March 31, 1852, the following resolution was passed : —
' It is but justice to Dr. Saunderson that they record
their sense of the great professional skill, and also
of the unremitting attention, with which he has dis-
charged the duties of medical officer since the period
of his appointment to the Institution.' Signed J. L,
Darby, Clk;, Rector of Acton (Poyntzpass).
Our present Poor-Law system was introduced
into Ireland in 1838 by the Act 1 and 2 Victoria c. 56 ;
but apart from the workhouse infirmary in certain
towns it made little or no provision in the way of
medical relief for the sick poor in rural districts. The
watchwords of the system, practically introduced in
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSAEY 307
1841 (the date on our workhouses), were : — ' aboHsh
out-door rehef,' ' all paupers into the workhouse,'
and ' all sick poor to be huddled together in the
workhouse infirmary.'
The modern dispensary system was established by
the Medical Charities Act (14 and 15 Vict. c. 68),
1851. By this Act the Poor-Law Com-
Dis'^tn'sa ^issioners, in conjunction with the local
System. Boards of Guardians, were authorised to
divide up the whole of Ireland into ' dispen-
sary districts,' 'with due regard to the extent and
population of the districts,' and to employ a medical
officer for the care of the poor in the same.
Incorporated by the Act was a ' Dispensary
Committee ' which governed the dispensary district,
choosing the medical officer, and deciding on the
fitness of cases for such relief.
By the Local Government Act of 1898 Dispensary
Committees were unfortunately abohshed, when the
control which they exercised became vested in the
Board of Guardians. The present mode
Method of 0^ appointment of our Dispensary medical
appointing officers is unsatisfactory, as being fatal
Medical j^^^ ^^^y ^q efficiency, but as calculated to
OnbtCGrs *^
destroy the trust and confidence which the
poor patient should always repose in his physician.
Surely the poor, as much as the rich, should have
the best medical aid available ; but that is impossible
under the present system, where political and sec-
tarian claims are paramount, and the shibboleth of
party is often the sole test of fitness. Such important
appointments, which so deeply affect our sick poor.
308 DONAGHMORE
should bft entirely lifted out of the sphere of politics
or party, and be made either competitive, or rest with
an independent and impartial Medical Committee in
connection with the Local Government Board.
The present Dispensary Districts of Donaghmore
and Poyntzpass were originally united under the
^ , denomination of the * Donaghmore and
Donaghmore i^. • ,
and Poyntzpass Dispensary District, and were
Poyntzpass served by the same medical officer. This
Dispensary, ^i^^^.^^^ ^,^8 formed on January 16, 1852,
by the Newry Board of Guardians, and on the 9th of
the following June the Poor-Law Commissioners
approved of their action. The first medical officer
was Dr. Wilham Saunderson (who had served under
the old provident dispensary system), appointed
April 27, 1852. The first chairman of the Dispensary
Committee was Isaac Corry, while the next chairman
was Colonel Close of Drumbanagher.
At a meeting of the Committee, May 19, 1852, it
was unanimously decided to accept David Woods'
offer of a Dispensary house and reception-
Dispensary ^^ ^j^^ .j ^^^^ ^j £q^ rjij^-^ ^^^^^
House. , , , t^ t^-
is still used as the Donaghmore Dispen-
sary,' where the medical officer attends on the Tuesdays
and Fridays of each week — though at first the days
of attendance were Wednesday and Saturday. The
house is a small, handsome building, with ivy-clad
walls, close to the main road, and is pretty centrally
situated in regard to the electoral divisions (Donagh-
more, Ouley and Glen) which compose the Donaghmore
Dispensary District.
The union of Donaghmore and Poyntzpass into
DONAGHMORE DISPENSARY 309
one Dispensary District did not seem to give satis-
faction on either side, for, at the meeting of the
Committee on the above date, it was proposed by
James Harshaw ' and agreed upon unanimously that
the Committee should protest against the amalgama-
tion of the two Dispensaries — that of Poyntzpass and
Donaghmore — and that the Poor-Law Guardians be
requested to use their best exertions to have for
Donaghmore district a separate and distinct Dis-
pensary and Committee of Management.'
At a general meeting of the Dispensary Committee
held in Poyntzpass, September 5, 1854, the following
resolution was passed : ' That the Electoral
be^dissolved I^ivision of Poyntzpass be formed into a
Dispensary District, and the Electoral Divi-
sions of Donaghmore, Ouley and Glen into another,
and that the present medical officer of the united
district be continued by the separate ones.'
Subsequently, the union of the districts was
dissolved by the Newry Board of Guardians, and their
action was confirmed October 27, 1854. In their
letter of this date, the Commissioners declare that
' the Donaghmore District shall comprise the Electoral
Divisions of Donaghmore, Ouley and The Glen ; and
the Poyntzpass District shall comprise and consist of
the Electoral Division of Poyntzpass.' Each district
is to have the service of one medical officer. In
regard to the Dispensary Committees — ' of Donagh-
more District the number of persons shall be eleven ;
and of the Poyntzpass District the number of persons
shall be nine.' Dr. Saunderson remained medical
officer of Donaghmore.
310 DONAGHMOEE
On December 6 following, the new officers for
Donaghmore Dispensary were appointed, viz. — the
Eev. J. C. Quinn, Chairman ; James
Officers for jjarshaw, Vice-Chairman ; John Harshaw,
onag m re. ggpj.g|.^j.y^ ^^^^^ j^j^j^ Crawford, Assistant
Secretary.
Dr. Saunderson died on Thursday, July 22, 1880,
at his residence. Union Lodge, and was buried in
Tandragee Churchyard on the following
Death of Monday. The local Press, in an obituary
Saimderson. notice, records that he was ' a large-hearted,
generous man, and was highly popular in
the district where he resided. He was a staunch
Conservative, and an attached member of the Church
of Ireland.' Dr. Saunderson married Ehzabeth,
daughter of the Rev. John Mcllwaine (Minister of
Mourne Presbyterian Church).
A special meeting of the Committee was held
on August 20, when Dr. Samuel Mills was elected
medical officer of the district. Dr. Mills'
New Medical appointment gave much satisfaction in
l)r. MU^. t^^^ district, where his great reputation
as a physician in Rathfriland (where he
had practised for thirteen years) was well known,
and it is needless to state that during his long tenure
of the office that reputation has been more than main-
tained, and that the confidence reposed in him by
the large and influential Committee who elected him
was not misplaced. Dr. Mills was (and is) extremely
popular in the district, and as a skilled medical prac-
titioner kept abreast of the times, possessing the con-
fidence of all classes both in his extensive private
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSARY 311
practice and in that connected with the Dispensary.
Dr. Mills had a distinguished University career. He
took his Bachelor's degree in 1862, in the old Queen's
University, after having gained three valuable scholar-
ships in Arts, and a senior exhibition in Natural
History. In 1867 he became L.R.C.P. (Edin.) and
L.R.C.S. (Edin.). He subsequently became a member
of the Microscopic Society.
A special meeting of the Committee was held,
April 8, 1881, for the purpose of taking into considera-
tion the propriety of recommending an increase of salary
to Dr. Mills. An increase of £20 per annum was voted.
At a meeting of the Committee, June 1, 1883, the
following officers for the ensuing year were elected :
Chairman, the Eev. J. Davison Cowan,
issr^T" i^GCtor of Donaghmore (in the room of the
Eev. J. C. Quinn, deceased) ; Vice-Chair-
mau, J. T. C. Quinn ; Secretary, John Harshaw : and
Assistant Secretary, Joseph Patterson.
The same officers were continued till the dissolution
of the Committee in 1899, except that William Bradford
was appointed Secretary on April 6, 1888, and Thomas
Woods was elected to the post May 10, 1895.
Thomas Woods (of the Fourmile House) was the
last Secretary of the Dispensary Committee, and was
most assiduous and efficient in the dis-
age of fifty-one years, December 18, 1906 —
his demise being deeply and deservedly regretted by
all who knew him. He was an extensive farmer,
mill-owner, and general merchant (as was his esteemed
father, David Woods).
312 DONAGHMORE
David Woods married Agnes, daughter of Robert
Caven, and had issue, of whom the present repre-
sentatives are John, Mary, Martha, Sarah, and
Jane, who married Joseph Haslett (a Eathfriland
merchant), with issue, viz., Mary, married Dr. James
May Elhott (deceased), for many years a well-known
physician of much repute at Rathfriland, whose son,
Joseph Haslett Elhott, M.B. (T.C.D.), is a skilled
practitioner residing in England ; Alice, who married
the Rev. G. T. Cowper, M.A., the erudite minister of
third Rathfriland Presbyterian Church ; Annie and
Jeannie, both of whom are University graduates ;
Robert Haslett, an English physician of note ; and
William Woods Haslett (deceased), a distinguished
graduate of Cambridge University, and Principal of
St. Andrew's College, Dublin.
On the date of Thomas Woods' appointment as
Hon. Secretary in the room of William Bradford,
the chairman of the Committee proposed a
Bradford sincere vote of thanks to the latter for his
long and faithful services in various
capacities to the Committee of Management, and also
for his constant and watchful attention for so many
years to the interests of the District at the Newry
Board of Guardians.
The following is a list of the last Committee of
Management and Wardens of the Donaghmore
Members Dispensary : — Committee : The Rev. J.
of Last Davison Cowan, LL.D. (Chairman), Donagh-
Dispeasary more Rectory ; Arthur Charles Innes, D.L.,
Committee. jp_^ Dromantine ; J. T. C. Quinn, J.P.
(Vice- Chairman), Tower Hill ; Professor Richard
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSARY 813
John Anderson, M.A., M.D., J.P., Beech Hill ; Thomas
Woods (Hon. Secretary), Fourmile House ; George
Gordon, Maryvale ; Joseph Patterson, Aughentobber ;
WilHam Bradford, RingoHsh ; J. Gordon Young,
Cargabane ; Alexander Bradford, Ringolish ; Robert
Bryson, Ballymacaratty ; Lawrence McCourt, Corgary;
A. Sloan, Ardarragh ; Thomas Waddell, Curley ;
William Savage, Lurganare ; J. O'Hare, Knocka-
narney ; Thomas Malcomson, Curley ; John McEvoy,
Drumiller ; and Samuel Lawson, Ardarragh.
Dr. Mills, for close on thirty-one years medical
officer of the Donaghmore Dispensary District, owing
to serious illness, tendered his resignation
Retirement ^^ *^^^ position to the Newry Board of
Guardians, May 13, 1911. The Board of
Guardians on that date accepted his resignation with
profound regret — the several members expressing
themselves in the most eulogistic terms of Dr. Mills,
both personally and as medical officer of the
Dispensary.
Dr. Mills married Margaret, daughter of the late
John McEnearney of Curley, and has issue two
sons, John Arthur and William Sloan,
Sons^^ ^ ^^^ have distinguished themselves both
at the University and in their respective
professions.
John Arthur Mills matriculated in the Royal
University 1892, and afterwards entered Queen's
College, Galway. He gained first scholar-
\rthur Mills ^^^^P ^^ ^^^^' Li^^^'^^J Division, and for
highly distinguished answering the mone-
tary value of the scholarship was substantially
814 DONAGHMORE
increased. He also held Literary Scholarships in the
years 1893 and 1894. During the session 1895-96 he
was Senior Scholar in Ancient Classics, and in that
of 1896-97 Senior Scholar and Demonstrator in
Natural History. In 1897-98 he held a third-year
exhibition in medicine, and in the following session
became Medical Scholar and Demonstrator in Phar-
macy. He was Proxime accessit for the Bkiney Exhi-
bition, and gained several class prizes in the Queen's
Colleges of Galway and Belfast, completing his medical
studies in the latter— B. A. 1897, and M.B., B.Ch.,
B.A.O., 1900. After experience of general practice
in London and various parts of England, he was
appointed on the staff of the Durham County Asylum
as Assistant Medical Officer and Pathologist.
William Sloan Mills matriculated (R.U.I.) in 1894,
and entered Queen's College, Galway, where, having
gained Science Scholarships for three years
Dr. WiUiam ^^^^ ^j^^ g^^-^^. c-ghoiarship in Chemistry, he
Sloau Mills. . , ^ -^^ p ni • i
was appomted Demonstrator ol Chemistry
in 1897. He took the B.A. degree in Experimental
Science in the Eoyal University with honours and an
Exhibition in 1898, and the M.A. with honours in
1900. He also took the B.E. degree in the Royal
University.
He was trained in methods of research by Professor
Senier, Queen's College, Galway, and had a paper
accepted by the Chemical Society of London in 1899,
after which he was elected to a Science Research
Scholarship (value £150 per annum) by H.M. 1851
Exhibition Commissioners. He proceeded to the
University of Berlin, where he worked with Professor
DONAGHMOBE DISPENSAKY 315
Emil Fischer and Professor Harries, and on account of
the success with which he pursued his researches his
Science Eesearch Scholarship was specially renewed
for a third year.
On his return from Germany he was appointed
Kodak Eesearch Assistant to Professor Senier, with
whom he worked for two years. In 1906 he was
awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by the Koyal
University.
Dr. Sloan Mills is Lecturer in Chemistry in the
Woolwich Polytechnic Institute, and is recognised
by the Senate of London University as a University
Teacher of Chemistry.
On May 27, 1911, the Newry Board of Guardians
appointed Dr. John Patrick McGivern
^J^',. medical officer of the Donaghmore Dis-
McGivern. i^- ■ ,
pensary District.
Dr. McGivern graduated in the Queen's University,
Belfast, 1911, when he received the degrees of M.B.,
B.Ch., B.A.O. He resigned November 9, 1912.
Dr. Francis P. McDermott was appointed medical
officer of the Donaghmore Dispensary District by
the Newry Board of Guardians December
?/• ,, 14, 1912. He is a licentiate of the Eoyal
McDermott. ^ ' ^ ^^ ■ ■ i o
College of Physicians and Surgeons m
Ireland. He is a very efficient and popular medical
officer, and his appointment has given much satis-
faction in the district.
Amongst those who evinced the deepest interest in
the Donaghmore Dispensary, and spared no pains to
further the good cause of medical relief for the sick
poor of the district, two names stand out prominently
316 DONAGHMOEE
— viz. Isaac Corry,the first chairman of the Committee,
and James Harshaw, the first secretary and hon.
treasurer.
So early as 1839 we find Isaac Corry presiding
at a Vestry meeting, called for the express purpose
of founding a dispensary in Donaghmore.
orry. ^^ ^^^ instrumental not only in estab-
Hshing the institution, but took a leading part in
working it successfully when formed. He and his
forbears were ever mindful of the sick poor and desti-
tute. His ancestor. Sir Trevor Corry, made a charge
on portion of his lands in the townland of Corcreechy,
in the lordship of Newry, for certain indigent persons,
and which is known as the * Corry Charity.'
James Harshaw was one of the prime moving
spirits in all that concerned the interests of the Dis-
pensary, and in the leading part he played
HaSiaw "^ *^"^ respect he was sympathetically
assisted by others of his family, as he was,
too, by his connections, the Martins of Lougherne.
In his diary there is a constant reference to the Dis-
pensary. As an officer he was ever at the post of duty,
and it is worthy of note that between the years
1852-62 he presided at the meetings of Committee
on upwards of sixty occasions.
No sketch of Donaghmore Parish would be complete
which failed to refer in special terms to the old and
highly respected family of the Harshaws,
The — many of whom played an important
Clan. P^^* i^ t'h® affairs of this and the neigh-
bouring parishes in past times, and whose
descendants are still prominent in other portions
DONAGHMORE DISPENSARY 317
of the world— particularly in the United States of
America, where Ulstermen generally distinguish
themselves in the several walks of life.
Besides, a sketch of this particular family, owing
to its intimate connection with so many in the parish
and the neighbourhood, affords us an opportunity
of including others well worthy of mention, and who
otherwise would have claimed our special attention.
Although the Harshaws of Donaghmore were
long and honourably connected with the parish, it
does not seem that this was the original home of the
family. The first settlers in Ireland were, doubtless,
Joseph Harshaw and his brother, Andrew, of Bally-
nafoy, in the parish of Annaclone, who settled there
towards the close of the seventeenth century. Joseph
Harshaw's will was proved in 1735, he having died
when doubtless he was an old man. There is, besides,
a Harshaw tradition to the effect that the family
came over to Ireland with King William III, Prince
of Orange, in 1690, and hence it was long customary
for the several members of the clan to wear sprays
of the orange lily each succeeding 1st of July. In all
probability this tradition is founded on fact, and
hence we may conclude that the brothers, Joseph
and Andrew, settled at Ballynafoy about 1690.
The writer found some difficulty in tracing the
original home of these brothers, but he appealed to
Mr. Baring-Gould — the well-known author, and our
highest authority on the origin and signiiication of
surnames — who (in a letter to the writer) informs us
that the name (Harshaw) is ' North Country ' (York-
shire or Northumberland). 'Shaw ' is a small wood,
318 DONAGHMOEE
and " Harshaw " is the high wood, and is the exact
equivalent to the southern EngHsh Heywood (High-
wood). Of this there can be no doubt.' He further
states it (the family) is ' from old Northumbria, where
" shaw " is still used as a clump of trees or small wood.
The Norse word is " skoss," that has become softened
to "shaw," and " har " is Norse for high. All Northum-
bria was largely peopled from Norway and Denmark.'
Hence we may conclude that the brothers Harshaw,
who settled at Ballynafoy, w^re ' North Country ' men
— from Yorkshire or Northumberland. From Bally-
nafoy branches of the Harshaws quickly spread into
the neighbouring parishes of Newry, Donaghmore,
and Loughgilly. In the period from 1750 to 1757
we find branches in these several places, viz. Michael
in Newry (and Donaghmore), James and Hugh at
Donaghmore, and William and Andrew at Ijoughgilly,
while the original stock at Ballynafoy consisted
of William, John and Robert, and their respective
families. No records — family, ecclesiastical, or other
— are now available by which it is possible to trace
the descent of all the members of the vast Harshaw
Clan, at present scattered over so many portions
of the world, particularly in the United States of
America ; but that the several branches, whether here
or elsewhere, are all descended from the one common
stock, there can be no manner of doubt.
In regard to the original Harshaws (Ballynafoy),
the family wills are, for the most part, our only
sources of information in tracing descent, otherwise
the sequence might have been more perfect.
DONAGHMORE DISPENSABY 319
(1) The Harshaws of Ballynafoy
(Original Group)
I. Joseph Harshaw of Ballynafoy (will proved
1735) had a brother, Andrew, and by his wife, Agnes,
had four sons and two daughters :
John (who had an only daughter, Janet), whose
will was proved in 1763.
Michael, who may be identified as the Newry
merchant and owner of the Fourmile House,
Donaghmore (see below).
Andrew, from whom it is presumed are descended
the Donaghmore and Loughgilly Harshaws, and who,
with John Potts, supplicated the General Assembly,
June 16, 1747, to allow Hugh Young to preach to
the congregation of Lough brickland.^
Joseph, Jane, Anne.
II. WiUiam of Ballynafoy (will proved 1760)
had sons : Josias, John, WiUiam. The executor
of the will was John Harshaw of Ballynafoy.
in. Robert Harshaw of Ballynafoy (will proved
1799) had the following children : Wilham, Elizabeth,
Mary (alias Spiers), Sarah, Arabella (alias Correy),
Margaret.
IV. James Harshaw, of the parish of Annaclone
(will proved 1811), had the following children by his
wife, whom he names ' Jane Harshaw, alias McAll ' :
Jane, Sarah, Elizabeth, Robert, Andrew, James, to
whom, the testator says, ' upon account of his
extravagancy, I leave the sum of five shillings.'
1 ' Records of the S}Tiods of Ulster,' vol. ii., p. .'529.
320 DONAGmiORE
V. In 1811 the will of Andrew Harshaw of Bally-
nafoy was proved, in which the testator mentions
his brothers, Robert and John, and his children :
James, John, Andrew, Janet (who married Chiistopher
Jardine).
VI. Eev. Andrew Harshaw, of ' The Crow's Nest,'
Ballynafoy, where he taught a classical school, and
had as a pupil Patrick Bronte, father of the novelist,
and who died about 1834. He had brothers, Joseph
(medical doctor) and John, and a sister who married
Rev. Robert McAllister. The brother (Dr. Joseph
Harshaw) had four sons and one daughter : John
(died unmarried), Andrew (died unmarried), David,
married and went to Philadelphia. He had five
sons (now supposed to be living in or close to that
city), viz. Joseph, Andrew, James, John and David,
and two daughters, Anna, wife of Samuel Matthews
(Philadelphia), and Mary (Belfast), widow of Joseph
Gillespie. Rev. James Harshaw, who went to Balti-
more, became principal of a classical school in that
city. He died in Ireland. The daughter married
Andrew Harshaw of Ballynafern (see next group).
With this group we associate Thomas Harshaw
of Lisnacreevy (close to Ballynafoy), who died May 22,
1851, aged forty-seven. He had a 'cousin, Robert
Swann Corbett,' to whom he left ' all his property '
(will proved 1851), giving us the reason in his will,
viz. ' the love and respect I hold for my cousin, Robert
Swann Corbett.' Elizabeth Anne, wife of John
Corbett of Lisnacreevy (mother of Robert Swann
Corbett), was a widow in 1846, when she had dealings
with John McAllister of Buskhill (eldest son o^ the
DONAGHMOBE DISPENSARY 321
Rev. Robert McAllister of Buskhill, who died about
1836, and grandson of the Robert McAllister who
got the care of Buskhill, in this parish, in 1776).
In connection with the Ballynafoy group must be
noticed the Harshaws of Ballynafern — the adjoining
townland — all the same stock, and intermarried.
Andrew Harshaw of Ballynafern died about 1838 (his
widow died November 26, 1854). He had six children.
The sons were : Andrew of Ballynafern, who married his
cousin, a daughter of Joseph Harshaw of Ballynafoy
(see above), and had issue— Eleanor, who married
Lyons, son of Rev. Hugh Waddell of Glenarm (a
member the Ouley family of Waddells) and brother of
Mrs. John McMaster of Aughentobber, Andrew (Bally-
nafern), deceased 1911, James, now living at 2036,
Webster Avenue, New York city, Joseph and Mary,
both deceased : Francis, deceased, resided in Banbridge :
James, died, aged thirty-eight. His widow (and
family) emigrated and settled at Pontiac, Michigan,
where she died, aged eighty years, leaving four sons
and three daughters, of whom are : James of Pontiac,
recently deceased ; Andrew (now of Detroit), who
settled at Alpena (Michigan) and was Mayor of that
town, and Francis, of Indianapolis.
(2) The Harshaws of Newry and Donaghmokb
I. Michael Harshaw of Newry and Donaghniore
appears as a prominent merchant in the former place
from 1758 to 1770, while, at the same time, he seems
to have been a man of property and importance in
322 DONAGHMORE
this parish. In February 1766 and September 1767
he advertises, to let, the Four Mile House, and on
June 14 of the following year he informs the public,
through the Belfast News-letter, 'that pursuant to
an ancient patent for holding two Fairs in the year
at the Four Mile House in the parish of Donaghmore
in the County of Down,' these having been ' for a
long time neglected,' he, ' Michael Harshaw, the
present proprietor of the aforesaid place,' has acquired
the right of reviving the same, the Fairs to be holden
' every 22nd day of June and 22nd day of October
yearly.' The renewal of these fairs doubtless led to
the formation of the Donaghmore Farming Society
and the institution of the annual cattle show, which
subsequently flourished at the Four Mile House, and
in connection Math which the Harshaws took a
prominent part. Michael Harshaw died in 1771.
Mrs. Harshaw must have been a very pleasing and
amiable woman, and hence did not long remain a
widow, for in September 1778 we find it recorded
that Edward Best, of Blackbank, County of Armagh,
married ' the agreeable widow Harshaw.'
A son of Michael's may have become a partner in
the Newry business, for we find the firm of Hogg and
Harshaw, of North Street, flourishing on June 29, 1795.
The following are supposed to be sons of Michael :
Surgeon John Harshaw, of the Royal Navy, who, on
his retirement, took up his residence in William Street,
Newry. He married twice : firstly, January 8, 1811,
Sarah (who died February 28, 1817), daughter of
Surgeon Bell of Newry, by whom he had a daughter,
Mary, born August 9, 1814 ; and secondly, June 8,
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSARY 328
1818, Anne, third daughter of Robert Kerr of Kates-
bridge, by whom he had a second daughter, Isabella,
born April 6, 1819. He died at Bristol September 20,
1819, aged thirty-six. His will, dated September 20,
1819, consists of a few lines written in a trembling
hand, in which he bequeaths all his real and personal
property to his ' beloved wife and dear child.' He
states that he is living at Bristol for his health, and
describes himself as ' John Harshaw, of Newry,
Surgeon.' Probate of the will was granted October 20,
1819, to Anne his wife, Thomas Carr and John Quinn
of Kildare Street, Newry, father of the late Rev.
John Campbell Quinn, Rector of Donaghmore.
Michael, of whom nothing is known with certainty,
save that he resided at Drumbanagher Parish (which
borders that of Loughgilly) and was married in St.
Mary's Church, Newry, January 21, 1803, to Elizabeth,
daughter of John White of Killeavy. Subsequently,
he may have crossed the border and lived in Lough-
gilly, for we find the last Harshaw of that place was
Michael, who died in or about 1836. His widow and
three children (one of whom was Joseph) left Lough-
gilly, and, it is said, went to America.
II. James Harshaw of Ringbane, Donaghmore,
supposed to be a son of the Andrew Harshaw of
Ballynafoy, who ' suppHcates the General Assembly '
(see above), was born 1744, and died June 20, 1822,
aged seventy-eight years. He was married to Marj^
Bradford, who died May 1, 1830. His son, James,
kept a diary ^ for many years, in which he recorded the
See • Piesbyterian Church,' chapter vi.
Y 2
324 DONAGHMOEE
daily events of his life, even the most trivial being
noted. On the first and second pages of the fourth MS.
volume occur the following references to his father :
' Died on the 20th June, 1822, Mr. James Harshaw of
Danaghmore. In the disposition of this truly honest
man were united all the placid elements that are
calculated to adorn the character of the meek and
humble Christian. Sincere piety towards his God and
goodwill to his fellow-creatures were the leading
features of his life. In all the dispensations of his
Creator towards him he manifested an uncommon
degree of resignation to the Divine will ; so that the
language of his heart was — in the words of the good
King Hezekiah — " good is the word of the Lord ; let
Him do whatsoever seemeth good unto Him." He was
a sincere behever in the merits and atonement of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and in his life and con-
versation that belief was fully manifested ; but he was
too humble to speak with confidence of that firm con-
fidence which we have every reason to believe he really
had in the Almighty Eedeemer of Sinners. He lived
to a good old age (seventy-eight years) and seemed
ready to resign his soul whenever his Creator would
please to demand it.'
The following lines on his death (as the diary
informs us) were composed by his ' affectionate
daughter, Jane Martin ' (mother of the famous John
Martin) :
' Oh ! happy soul, no more to earth confined,
But to thy Saviour gloriously resigned,
And now a happy disembodied ghost
Arriv'd in safety at the blissful coast.
DONAGHMOKE DISPENSAEY 825
There, ever near thy lov'd Ahnighty Friend,
Thou still shalt be : and in sweet converse speed
Thy happy hours, with those who, like to thee,
Have fought the glorious fight and gained the victory.
' Dear humble shade ! oh, whither art thou gone,
To what bright world with wings expanded flown ?
And who to waft thy gentle spirit stood
When thou hadst passed Death's dark and slippery flood ?
Did bright and shining ones thy path illume.
When thou wert passing through " the rivers of gloom,"
Or didst thou " by the eye of Faith " survey
The Lord of Life Who easy made thy way ? '
He had issue at least three sous and one daughter,
viz. :
Wilhani of Eingbane, who died (a young man
unmarried) May 17, 1830.
Hugh, died April 9, 1810.
Jane (who wrote the above lines), died July 16,
1847 ; married Samuel Martin (who died July 8, 1831).
James (who kept the diary), formerly of Eingohsh,
but appears to have got Eingbane on his brother
William's death, born 1799 ; married 1816, Sarah,
daughter of Wilham Kidd of Kiddstown ; died
January 30, 1867. His widow died April 7, 1877.
Had issue twelve children, viz. :
1. Hugh, born January 2, 1817, and died
(unmarried) November 13, 1845, aged 28.
2. Mary, born January 17, 1818 (or 1819) ;
married Alexander Douglas of Ardkceragh in 1HS,
and died March 28, 1859. Alexander Douglas died
July 13, 1869, leaving issue a son, James Alexander
Harshaw Douglas (born March 25, 1859), Doctor of
326 DONAGHMORE
Medicine, at Great Bridge, Staffordshire, where he
died November 10, 1897.
3. John of Loughorne, and later of Eingclare,
born July 18, 1820 ; married, January 25, 1855,
Ellen, only child of Hugh Todd of Ringclare. He
died February 7, 189G, aged 75, having had, by his
wife (who died July 24, 1892), issue, viz. Jane, born
January 23, 1856, and died unmarried), Elizabeth
(born December 8, 1857, and died unmarried, June 16,
1892), Mary (born September 7, 1862, and died un-
married), and Hugh, who married Jane Jardine.
4. Jane, born May 3, 1822 ; married Archibald
Marshall in 1846, and died October 28, 1901, leaving
by him (who died October 22, 1907, aged 89) issue :
Samuel James (died in Australia), who married Mary
Small, widow of John Marshall of Lake View, and
Mary, who married John A. Copeland of the Fourtowns.
5. James of Ringbane, born May 18, 1826, and
died unmarried April 28, 1903, aged 76.
6. Wilham Kidd, of New York, born March 30,
1828 ; married September 12, 1853, Mary E. Merrill,
and died at Patterson, New Jersey, October 18, 1902,
aged 74, leaving his widow (who died at Brooklyn,
July 21, 1907, aged 82 years) and issue, viz.
William Andrew (late office clerk in the American
War Office), Emma B., born 1856 (married Henry D.
Smith of Brooklyn), and Gimel, born 1859.
7. Andrew, born April 9, 1829, and died unmarried
May 19, 1906, aged 77.
8. Robert Hugh, hcensed to preach the Gospel by
the Newry Presbytery, September 5, 1854 ; ordained
for Mullingar Presbyterian Church September 7, 1858,
DONAGHMOBE DISPENSARY 327
and called to Mountmellick in March, 1859. He
married Jane KcKee of Belfast, and died July 15,
1896, leaving issue, viz. : Mary Douglas (married
James Cummins of Eoscrea), James (died March 16,
1864), Jessie, Robert. Hugh, Edith Sarah, Helen
Margaret (died July 9, 1900), James Gibson and
EHzabeth (both deceased).
9. Samuel Alexander, born January 14, 1885,
and died March 21, 1835.
10. Samuel Alexander, New York, born September
10, 1837, died (unmarried) at Patterson, New Jersey,
May 8, 1880, aged 42 years.
11. Sarah Anne (now sole survivor of family),
born February 21, 1840 ; married (October 2, 1862)
Andrew Hopkins Megaw of Shinn, and has issue, viz. :
Robert Hopkins, Jane Kidd (married James Shanks,
Poyntzpass), and Anna Hopkins, married Edward
Maxwell of Banbridge.
12. EHzabeth Martin, born July, 12, 1821, and died
May IB, 1842.
III. Hugh Harshaw, of whom there is no rehable
record.
(3) The Harshaws of Loughgilly
The ' Harshaw Diary ' has the following entry,
May 14, 1846 : ' On this day, 1490, my ancestors
settled in the north of Armagh for a few years. William
came and settled down in Donaghmore and Andmc
settled in Armagh.' ' 1490 ' is evidently a clerical
error for 1790, as there were no Enghsh in ' North
Armagh ' at the time, or indeed for long afterwards.
Undoubtedly, the diarist meant that his two
828 DONAGHMORE
* ancestors ' (Ballynafoy Harshaws) settled in ' North
Armagh ' (LoughgiJly) in 1790, and, as a matter of
fact, we actually find Wilham and Andrew Harsbaw
there about that date. Wilham and Andrew are
supposed to be brothers, and, so far as can be known,
were sons of Andrew Harshaw of Ballynafoy, the father
of James Harshaw of Donaghmore (see above).
I. Wilham Harshaw had issue three sons and four
daughters, viz. Ehzabeth (dates baptismal), Decem-
ber 3, 1797; Andrew, December 29, 1799 ; Margaret,
March 30, 1806 ; Wilham, May 15, 1808 ; Robert,
September 2, 1810 ; Jean, March 5, 1815 ; Mary,
August 3, 1817.
II. Andrew Harshaw died April 17, 1813 ('? 1818),
leaving a widow and large family, viz. Michael
(baptized June 21, 1807), John, David, Andrew,
Joseph, Henry, Sarah, and WiHiam. Of the above,
Joseph became a soldier, and bad a son an officer in
the array, while David was also in the service. (Either
Joseph or David was in the Life Guards.)
About 1820 Mrs. Harshaw {nie Henry), with her
sons Andrew, David, Michael, and William, and her
daughter Sarah, went to the United States of America,
and settled at Adamsville, Pennsylvania. Of these —
1. Andrew (eldest son) became a prosperous
merchant. He left several sons and one daughter,
among whom, now living, are : The Hon. W. J. Har-
shaw of Grove City, Pennsylvania, Hugh, and Michael.
2. Michael became a Presbyterian minister. He
graduated in 1838 at the Western University (Pitts-
burg), and subsequently studied Theology under the
Rev. Dr. Black, a distinguished divine. He was in
DONAGHMOBE DISPENSARY 829
clue time ordained to the Ministry, and held varicus
important charges till his death in 1574. He was a
man of great mental force and strength of character,
but extremely diffident and modest, otherwise he might
have attained to a position of greater promintr.ce
than that which fell to his lot. He left issue, viz.
two sons and two daughters. The sons were :
The Eev. W. R. Harshiiw, D.D., Minister of Grace
Presbyterian Church, Minneapohs, Minnesota, and
the Rev. Andrew R. Harshaw, D.D., Pastor Emeritus
of the First Presbyterian Church, Junction City,
Kansas. Dr. Harshaw (the latter) was ordained in
1878, and, previous to his present important charge,
had exercised his ministry in New York City and
Pittsburg. He is now in the sixty-fourth year of
his age.
3. William (youngest son), born 1811, became a
farmer, and died in 1886, leaving tw^o sons, one of
whom survives, viz. William Andrew Harsh aw%
President of the Harshaw, Fuller 5z Goodwin Company
(chemical manufacturers) of Cleveland and New
York.
It ^^•ill be noticed that large numbers of this
numerous clan reside in the United States of America.
In addition to those already mentioned are the
Harsh a ws of North Carolina ; Oshkosh, Wisconsin
(one of whom was recently State Treasurer) ; Flint,
Michigan ; and Toronto, Canada ; and indeed of
many other places in both countries.
It may be noted that some of the family, resident
in the States, have adopted a comparatively modern
spelling of the name, viz. ' Harsha '—instead of
330 DONAGHMOEE
Harshaw, the original orthography. But this is easily
accounted for, owing to the fact that frequently
surnames come to be spelt — even in baptismal registers
and official document s — as they are locally pronounced.
In Donaghmore the people generally pronounce the name
as though it were ' Harsha,' and not Harshaw.
Our sketch of the Harshaws would be incomplete
if we failed to specially refer to the interesting Bronte
Hugh Bronte ^pisode, and the important connection of the
and the family with that of the Martins of Loughorne.
Harshaws. jjjjgj^ Bronte, grandfather of the famous
novelist, Charlotte Bronte, it seems, resided for a
time at the home of James Harshaw (born 1744).
Dr. Wright, in his ' Brontes in Ireland,' gives us a
harrowing account of Hugh's early privations, and of
his eventual escape from the cruel home of his adoption
to the lime-kilns of Mountpleasant, and from thence
to the hospitable home of James Harshaw of Donagh-
more. Dr. Wright is far from being a reliable
authority when his political or rehgious views are
allowed to have the mastery, as they so frequently do,
in his narrative, and when he poses as the novelist,
incorporating ' old wives' fables ' and the merest
' hearsays,' especially if they contain anything
bordering on the romantic. How much of his narra-
tive is founded on fact, and how much on fiction, we
need not stop to inquire in this connection. At any
rate, we have it on the reliable authority of John
Harshaw that probably Hugh Bronte lived with his
grandfather — which is, undoubtedly, a fact, notwith-
standing the use of the cautious man's ' probabihty.'
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSAEY 331
He states ' the probability is that Hugh Bronte hired
with my grandfather, whose land touched the Lough,
but I fear it is too true that he passed through my
grandfather's service leaving no permanent record
behind hhn.' We are told, and believe it, that ' under
Harshaw's roof he (Hugh) found not only work and
shelter, but a home and comfort,' and that ' as long
as he lived he spoke of the Harshaws with gratitude
and affection.' Subsequently (and not before), we
find * Hugh ' in use as a Christian name in the Harshaw
family, and it has occurred to us that in all probability
its adoption was in honour of Hugh Bronte, who, it
would seem, was treated in the household of his kind
patrons as a friend and companion.
As we have already seen, John j\rartin's father
(Samuel Martin) married Jane, daughter of James
Harshaw. The two famihes were not
Martins of ^nly thus connected, but were also on the
Loughorne closest terms of inthnacy. Mrs. Martin
and the ^^g^g q^ woman of refined taste and of great
intellect, while at the same tune she was
a poetess of no mean order. (See above.) She was
much given to good works, and, we are told, ' died of
a fever caught while ministering to the dying, in
accordance with her high sense of Christian duty.
Her hfe was given for others, and at her funeral the
Eev. S. J. Moore summed up her character as *' a
woman who knew her duty and did it." '
The Martins of Loughorne were long and intimately
connected with the social, civil, and religious Hfe of
Donaghmore, and took an especially active pai t in the
332 DONAGHMORE
affairs of the Presb3^terian Church and in the workirg
of the Dispensary.
John Martin (born at Loughorne, SeiDtember 8,
181 2) was eldest son of a famil}^ of nine. He was
a man of undoubted ability — with a strong
Martin sense of duty. With his political views we
are wholly in disagreement, but recognise,
nevertheless, that he was honest (though mistaken)
in his convictions, as all who knew him acknowledged,
and hence he was called ' Honest John Martin.' He be-
came a graduate in Arts of Dublin University in 1882,
where he also studied medicine for a time, which he
subsequently found useful in treating (gratuitously)
the sick poor of Donaghmore. His medical studies
terminated on the death of his uncle, John, whose
landed property he inherited, the income amounting
to about £400 per annum.
In politics he was an ardent Home Euler —
advocating the legislative independence of Ireland
and repeal of the Union with Great Britain, and
hence he became known as ' John ]\Iartin — the
Repealer.'
For some years previoush' to his appearance in
the poHtical arena he seems to have settled down on
his property at Loughorne, discharging the duties
devolving on him as a small landlord, and farming
a portion of his lands.
In 1839 he made a tour of the United States
and visited Canada, where he stayed with his sister,
Mrs. Frazer, and her husband (Donald), of London,
Ontario.
He returned to Loughorne in 1841, and in 1848
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSAEY 883
joined the Eepeal Association, when his poHtical
career may be said to have commenced.
Space forbids us to enter into detail?!, but we find
him writing for the Nation and the United IrisJiman—
the official organs of his party — Mitchel (his brother-in-
law) being editor of the former till 1847, when in the
following year he started the latter. The suppression
of the United Irishman, and the transportation of
Mitchel (for fourteen years) owing to his seditious
articles in that journal, seemed to grieve and exasperate
Martin to an unwonted degree, while doubtless the
wretched condition of the Irish people on account of
the famine was not without its effect. He resolved
to start the Irish Felo7i (which was doomed to an
untimely end, expiring in five short weeks) and the
Felon Club — a semi-military organisation. Martin's
articles in the FeJoJi were of the usual extreme type —
advocating the utter destruction of Enghsh dominion
in Ireland, the spurning of British (which he calls
' brutish ') Acts of Parliament, tramphng upon the
lying proclamations of the foreign (English) tyrants,
counselling armed resistance to the law, and so on.
Needless to say, the Felon was suppressed, and
immediate proceedings were instituted against Martin
by the Government.
He was arrested and indicted for treason felony.
The informations sworn against him were to the effect
that it was his intention to ' depose Her Most Gracious
Majesty the Queen from her style, honour, and royal
name, and to levy war against her.' Martin was
convicted (August 18, 1848), and sentenced to be
transported beyond the seas (Van Diemen's Land)
884 DONAGHMOBE
for the term of ten years. He subsequently availed
himself of a ' conditional pardon ' — the condition being
that he should not visit any portion of the United
Kingdom. Later, in 1856, the pardon was made
' unconditional,' when he returned to Ireland.
In 1869 Martin, accompanied by his wife {nee
Mitchel), visited the United States, where he was
warmly received and hospitably entertained— banquets
in his honour being given in New York (Horace Greely
presiding) and Philadelphia. Shortly after his return
to Ireland he became a parliamentary candidate
for the county of Longford, but was defeated. He
was subsequently (1871) elected for Meath, his con-
stituents paying the expenses of his election. He
frequently spoke in Parhament, but it would seem
Parliamentary life was distasteful to him, as we gather
from one of his letters (written from Warrenpoint)
to Mitchel, April 18, 1871, in which he states :
' The Parliament was such a bore to me, and the idea
that I ought, that I must, sometimes "speak in it and
say and keep saying things to make the men in it
hate me worse than hell, was such an irritation and
fever to my nerves.'
John Martin's career, though comparatively short,
was very eventful. He died on Easter Monday,
March 29, 1875, at the age of 62, leaving a widow,
who died July 11, 1913, and a sister — Mrs. Eoss Todd —
who resides in Dublin. His funeral was probably
the largest ever seen in this parish — all shades of
opinion, both religious and political, being repre-
sented to testify their sorrow, as all that was mortal
of John Martin was laid to rest with his fathers in
DONAGHMOEE DISPENSARY 835
Donaghmore churchyard. On his tomb are mscribed
the words : — ' John Martin, born 8th September, 1812 ;
died29th March, 1875. He Hved for his country, suffered
in her cause, pleaded for her wrongs, and died beloved
and lamented by every true-hearted Irishman.'
CHAPTER VIII
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS
It is difficult to account for the origin of certain
' Districts ' which are so often found within parochial
boundaries, and which seem from time
D^f^^t immemorial to have possessed limits as
well defined as those of the parishes them-
selves in which they are situated.
Glen is one of these old districts, and as such has
largely maintained its identity, though not its actual
boundaries, during all the years. In regard to its
origin in this respect we can only guess, but those
who are competent to form an opinion consider that
in all probability we are correct in our conjecture.
Clanagan {Gleannagan), signifying ' The Little Glen,'
was the ancient name of the district, and probably
embraced both modern Glen (containing nine town-
lands) and the Fourtowns, which were originally
combined in the two ' towns ' of Bally tullaghmore
and BallyMcEnratty — the present designation, in
all likelihood, having been apphcd after the sub-
division into ' Four towns.' There can be no doubt,
however, but that Bally tullaghmore (Tullymore and
Killysavin) was included in Clanagan, for the King's
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 837
order, dated August 2, 1617 (Patent Rolls, James I.),
giving a survey of the Magenis lands in Iveagh, states
that Sir Arthur Magennis (the first Viscount) was
seised of ' Ballytullaghmore in Clanagan.' The ' Four
towns ' seem to have been always closely associated,
and there must be some vahd reason for this ancient
tie that still binds them together. In our opinion
they each are children of a common parentage, cut
off in bygone times from the parent stem, but though
ruthlessly torn away they still chng to each other —
under a new name, and having lost their old identity
— as portion of a larger family. We consider that
ancient Clanagan comprised (at least) the thirteen
townlands which are, at present, contained in Glen
and Fourtowns, and embraced the whole of the glen
extending from Poyntzpass to the ' Mount ' in
Drumiller — south of Jerrettspass.
We believe that Clanagan was one of the old divisions
of land — viz. a ' ballybetagh ' — which existed previous
to our present distribution. Bishop Eeeves
betagh^' ^' Townland Distribution '), writing on the
present distribution of land, informs us that
we have ' no modern equivalent to the ballybetagh,
except in some few instances where groups of twelve
townlands under a generic name constitute distinct
properties.' True, a ballybetagh varied considerably
in size, as, for example, in the counties of Monaghan
and Tyrone, where three or four townlands often con-
stituted a ballybetagh ; but, generally speaking, this
division of land contained twelve ' towns.'
A ballybetagh was a ' true pohtical sub-division
of the Tuath— corresponding to the Latin Pagus.
838 DONAGHMOEE
It had some kind of Judicial Court and popular
assembly, and was probably bound to furnish its
fixed proportion of armed men and provisions to the
battalion of the Tuatfi.' ^
The Betayh was a kind of ' Pubhc Victualler,'
being bound to dispense hospitahty to travellers
and to the soldiers of the Chief, if they
^ ' came in his direction, and for that purpose
he held his ballybetagh free of rent. A Public
Victualler, who was compelled to dispense hospitality,
was certainly a good and benign institution, and one
we should think absolutely necessary, considering the
circumstances of the time.
We have no idea as regards the whereabouts of
this good man's residence in Clauagan, but, if asked
our opinion, we would say, most Ukely on the ' Mount '
in Drumiller. We are quite certain, however, that
if this pubhc dispenser of unbounded hospitahty
resided there now-a-days, we would frequently honour
ourselves by calling on him, and we could assure him
of hosts of visitors besides, namely, the shoals of
' tramp gentry,' who ever pass and repass by the great
highway convenient to his hospitable mansion.
Clanagan was undoubtedly the scene of numerous
warlike exploits, lying, as it did, contiguous to the
two Passes from Armagh to Down and the Castles
thereat. Indeed, the very name of the townland
of Lurganare (within Clanagan), signifying ' the
field of slaughter,' is ominous of battle !
Glen is rich in old Irish surnames, of which the
following are a few :
^ 0' Curry, Introd., Manners and Customs, p. xci.
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 339
Mageiinis — Ma cA onghu sa .
Aongus was a favourite Irish name, which was
Latinised Eneas, but has ceased to be used. As
we have seen, the Magennises were the
Surnames. ^"^^^"^S" ^"^^^^7 "^ ancient Iveagh. This
name, both at present and in old docu-
ments, is spelt more variously than that of any
other Irish family. In the Birth Indexes for 1890
there are no less than sixteen varieties of the
name. The principal representative of the Magennises
of Glen is Heber Magenis of Iveagh Lodge, who is
a Hneal descendant of Murtagh McEnaspicke Magenis,
who owned the Manor in 1611.
Cranny — Maggbanna. This family belonged to
Meath, where the name is written ' MacGrane.' It
has in most cases (in Ireland) been exchanged for
the Scotch name Grant, and in a few others for the
English surname Green. Principal representative :
Luke Cranny, J.P., of Eingclare House.
Larkin — O'Larcain.
Larcon or Lorcan was an old Irish Christian
name, which is now rendered Laurence, simply
because both names commence somewhat ahke.
The O'Larcains were located in Armagh, Galway,
and Wexford. Patrick Larkin of Ballylough is the
present representative.
Murtagh — O'Muircheartaigh.
The O'Murtaghs were a Meath family. There are
several of the name residing in Glen — Denis, James,
John, and Patrick Murtagh.
MacAvoy — Macgiollabuidtie.
The j\IacEvoys were formerly located in Armagh,
z2
340 DONAGHMORE
Westmeath, and Queen's County. The family is
represented by Arthur McEvoy, J.P., of Drumiller,
who takes a keen interest in farming pursuits, and
in the Newry Agricultural Society.
Mcllroy — Macgiollaruaidh.
The MacGilroys are a Monaghan family. There
are at least two families of the name in Glen — James
of Dromantine and Hugh Mcllroy of Derrycraw.
McCourt — MacCuarta.
The MacCourts belonged to County Tyrone, while
another branch resided in Leitrim, where the name
was known as ' MacGourty.' The present repre-
sentative is Lawrence McCourt, of Corgary Lodge,
one of our oldest and most respected inhabitants,
and who for eighteen years fathfuUy represented
Glen as a Poor Law Guardian. He is a son of Hugh
McCourt, who married Miss Savage, a sister of Dr.
Mark Savage.
McConville — MacConmhaoil.
The MacConvilles are a Lower Iveagh family.
The only person bearing the name in Glen at present
is the parish priest, the Eev, Patrick McConville, not
a native of the district.
McGrory — MacPiuadhrigh.
The MacRorys were formerly located in Tyrone
and Down. MacRory has been exchanged for the
English surname Rodgers, and the Christian name
Rory for Rodger. Ruadhri, or Rory, which signifies
* the red-haired King,' was a favourite Irish name.
Patrick McGrory, the present representative, resides
in Ballylough.
O'Hare — O'H-eadhra.
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 811
This name is spelfc in a variety of ways both in
Irish and EngHsh. All, however, are derived from
the one we have given, which is the most ancient
form of the name O'Hara, of which O'Harc is a
variant. Eadhra, owing to its similarity in sound to
Harry, was translated Henry, and in this form remains
a favourite Christian name in the several branches
of the family. The O'Haras were located in Antrim,
Londonderry, Mayo, and Sligo, while there were
O'Heirs in Armagh and O'Hehirs in Clare. The
name is spelt ' O'Hir ' in the Topographical Poems
of John O'Dugan, who mentions the family in this
district in the earher part of the fourteenth century.
The name is still well represented in Glen, there being
about twenty rated occupiers or inhabitant house-
holders bearing it. The principal representatives
are : James, ' The Eock ' (Knockanarney) ; John
and Patrick (Corgary) ; and James and Patrick
(Derrycraw).
Rice — O'Maolceaoibhe.
The Rices are a Lower Castlereagh family. The
learned historian of Down and Connor (Monsignor
O'Laverty, P.P.) says : ' The O'Mulcreevys, who
have strangely contrived to translate their name into
Rice, were located along the County Down side of
the Lagan.' The original name is better preserved
as ' Mulgrew.' Amongst the Rices of Glen are :
John (Dromantine) and Patrick (Derrycraw).
Rooney — O'Ruanadha.
The Rooneys are an old family of the County of
Down, and in past times have frequently figured in
its history. The family is represented in Glen by
342 DONAGHMORE
Patrick and James Eooney, J.P., of The Mount Mills
(Drumiller).
Savage. This family takes its name from the
French Sauvage,
The Savages were among the earliest Anglo-
Norman settlers in Ireland. They were for many
centuries Lords of the Ardes, where they settled
(in the twelfth century) under John de Courcy. They
also owned a large portion of Lecale, for we find it
recorded (' Pubhc Records ') ' that Raymond (Savage)
should have the Chieftainship and Superiority of his
Sept in the Territory of the Savages, otherwise called
Lecale, as principal Chieftain thereto, and that Ray-
mond should give to the (Lord) Deputy, for acquiring
his favour and friendship, 100 fat able Cows, and a
Horse, or 15 Marks Lish money in lieu thereof at
the pleasure of the Deputy.' (Dated 31st May,
28 Hen. VIII.) The principal seat of the Savages was
Portaferry Castle, completed in 1686. The resident
in 1744 was Andrew Savage.
A member of this ancient family settled in Glen
about the middle of the eighteenth century, a few
of whose descendants still reside in the district and
neighbourhood, of whom the following are the principal
representatives : viz. James Savage of Glen House,
and Mrs. Savage (widow of Patrick Savage) and Miss
Anne Savage (late of Lurganare House), Newry,
daughters of Dr. Mark Savage (of Newry) by his
wife, Mary, daughter of Bernard Rice.
Dr. Mark Savage (whose mother was Mary,
daughter of Arthur Magennis) was brother of Dr.
John Savage, who for about fifty years was a well-
GLEN AND FOUKTOWNS 343
known physician in Newry, and whose son, the late
Dr. Matt Burke Savage, was an eminent member of
the medical profession, residing in Rutland Square,
Dublin. He died September 19, 1912. The Savages
owned the half townland of Carrickrovaddy (recently
sold to the tenants) and a small property in the County
Armagh, viz. the townland of Enagh.
Irish surnames date from about the beginning of
the eleventh century — when Brian Boru (who com-
menced to reign 1001) made an ordinance
5,"^^ that every family and clan in Ireland
Surnames. •; -^ , _ . . ..
should adopt such. Each family was
permitted to choose a particular surname, and that
generally taken was the name of some distinguished
ancestor or Chief of their tribe, to which they prefixed
' Mac,' which signifies son ; or ' Hy,' ' Ua,' ' Ui,' ' 0 '—
each of which means grandson, or a descendant of.
It may be noted, however, that our surnames do
not always indicate the nationality of the original
bearers, as many of the Danish settlers and the Anglo-
Normans took Irish surnames, while on the other hand
not a few Irish famihes adopted English surnames.
There are two Roman Cathohc churches in Glen,
one in the townland of Carrickrovaddy, and the
other in that of Bally blaugh. The former
St. Mary's j^ situated on Barr hill, and is generally
known as Barr Chapel. It is dedicated to
St. Mary— the Blessed \'irgin. The present church
edifice was built in 1885, and renovated in 19C8, at
considerable cost. Mrs. William Walmsley (Rachel-
sister of James Savage), of the Mount Mills, bequeathed
the handsome sum of £1000 towards the work of
344 DONAGHMORE
restoration. (Hhe died February 8, 1910.) The church
is a fairly handsome and substantial structure.
A graceful spire would add much to its comely propor-
tions. The interior possesses a finer ecclesiastical
aspect than the exterior, while the beautiful window-
erected by James Savage, in memory of his parents,
adds considerably to the effect.
The Parochial House stands close to St. Mary's.
It was erected when Father Felix Magennis was
Parish Priest (1900-5), and owes much to
Houle ^^ ^^^ tireless energy and perseverance. It is
impossible to compute the cost of erection
(which must have been very considerable), as the
parishioners, apart from their generous contributions,
did much in the way of carting material, and so forth.
The House is a fine and fairly commodious structure,
and commands a magnificent view of the Mourne
Mountains and other beautiful scenery — being situated
on one of the highest elevations in the parish — viz.
' Barr ' hill — (' Barr ' signifies in Irish ' the hill-top,'
and is equivalent to the English, ' hill-head '). The
following item occurs in Griffith's or the Government
valuation of 1889, under the head of exemptions : —
' Carrickrovaddy — Roman Catholic chapel yard,
£12 16s. M:
The church in Ballyblaugh is known locally as
'Glen Chapel.' The present church edifice, which
was erected in 1868, is a neat and solidly
Church of |-,^jj^ structure— without any ecclesiastical
St. John the ^ . • , , i , .
Evangelist, pi'^tensions m the way of architecture.
The panel on the front gable (sm-mounted
by a Celtic cross) bears the following inscription : —
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 3-45
' Church of St. John the EvangeKst, erected and
dedicated a.d. 1863.'
The old stone cross which was erected on the
former bailding is still preserved, and stands on a
granite pedestal in the churchyard.
Two handsome mural tablets adorn the walls of
the interior, erected to the memory of two faithful
and devoted priests. These bear, respectively, the
inscriptions : —
(1) Sacerdos in Aeternum.
Sacred
to the memory of
Rev, .Tohn McDonnel, P.P.,
donaghmore,
who departed this life the 21 st day of
April 1870,
aged 65 years,
having faithfully discharged
the sacred duties of the priesthood
for the period of 30 years
AND AS P. Priest of this Parish
FOR 19 YEARS.
Requiescat IN Pace.
This tablet, of marble, is placed inside the altar
rails (north side), and surmounted by a Roman cross
of the same material, bearing the monogram I.H.S.
in the centre.
346 • DONAGHMOEE
(2) In
memory op
The Eev.
Felix McLaughlin,
P.P. Glenn,
BORN IN 1827,
ORDAINED August 15th, 1850,
APPOINTED p.p. Glenn in 1870,
DIED 30th January 1901.
Eequiescat in Pace.
Amen.
Tliis marble tablet, which is placed outside the
altar rails (south side), is surmounted by a Celtic
cross, and projects about six inches from the wall.
We have no official list of the succession of
parish priests, but the following are among those who
held the position on or about the dates
Pdel. mentioned :
1704, Juhj 11.— The Eev. Cormack
O'Huyre. Father O'Huyre received Orders in the
year 1672 from Archbishop Oliver Plunkett (Armagh).
He was aged fifty-five years in 1704. This priest
belonged to the family of O'Hare — a name, as we have
seen, which still figures prominently in Glen. Cormack,
which has been Anghcised ' Charles,' is a favourite
Christian name among the 0 'Hares.
1704.— The Eev. James MacDonnell.
At this date Father MacDonnell was parish priest of
Aghaderg and 'part of Donaghmore. He was then
aged thirty-six years, and resided in Dromentian
GLEN AND FOUBTOWNS 347
(Dromantine) townland. He received Orders in the
year 1692 from Bishop Patrick Eussell (Dublin).
1790.— The Kev. John O'Hagan.
Father O'Hagan was half-brother of James O'Hagan
(of Clonduft),who was the father of Fehx O'Hagan, J. P.,
an old and much respected merchant of Newry, who
still survives.
He was educated in France, but at the period
of the French Kevolution (when Christianity was
declared abolished) he and other Seminarists fled to
Ireland and landed in Cork. John O'Hagan, though
once more in his native land, was ' stranded ' in the city
of Cork, still wearing his French costume. The good
citizens of Cork, however, came to his help with money
and a ' new suit,' when he embarked for Kilkeel, and
from thence made his way (probably on foot) through
the Mourne Mountains {vid the Deer's Meadow) to his
native parish of Clonduff. He was subsequently
admitted to Orders by the Bishop of Dromore, and
shortly afterwards became parish priest in Glen.
He died about 1810, aged (about) seventy years.
1824.— The Eev. John Carter. He died in 1844.
1844.— The Eev. Martin Eyan.
Father Eyan was a member of the first Dispensary
Committee (1848),. and took a keen interest in the
medical rehef of the sick poor.
1855.— The Eev. John McDonnell.
Father McDonnell was a very popular parish priest,
and took a warm interest in all that concerned the
welfare of his own and the other parishioners. He was
a member of the Dispensary Committee in 1858.
1869.— The Eev. Fehx McLaughlin, appointed by
34R DONAGHMORE
the Most Eeverend Dr. Leahy. Father McLaughhn
(the family spell the name McLoughlin, but we adopt
that on his tablet) was educated at St. Colman's
Seminary (Newry) and at Maynooth. He was ordained
priest by the Most Eeverend Dr. Blake, Bishop of
Dromore in 1850, and was subsequently curate (at
least) in Dromore, Tullylish, and Gargory. Father
McLaughlin was a most kind, good-natured priest of
the old school, from whom the writer received many
tokens of friendship.
1901.— The Rev. Felix Magennis.
His work in Glen is well worthy of record, for during
the few years he was parish priest, not only was the
Parochial House erected (as we have seen), but the
restoration of St. Mary's Church was successfully
accomplished.
1906.— The Rev. Patrick McConville is the present
respected parish priest, and is assisted by his nephew,
as curate, the Rev. Edward McConville.
There are 145 families in connection with the two
churches.
Glen has given the Church some well-known and
distinguished priests.
Monsignor O'Hare, LL.D., Rector of St. Anthony's,
Manhattan Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, was born on
Ban* Hill about sixty-three years ago. St. Anthony's
is one of the finest churches in Brooklyn, and Glen may
well feel proud of the distinguished Monsignor who is its
rector.
Another Glen man is the Rev. John O'Hare, son of
the late James O'Hare, of The Rock, Knockanarney.
Father O'Hare was born in 1854, and is still in the prime
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 349
of life. He had a successful college career, and having
been admitted to Orders by the Bishop of Dromore,
he held in succession the following important
Priests, curacies, viz. Loughbiickland, Barnmeen,
Qlen ' and (in 1891) the Newry Cathedral. In
1903 he was appointed parish priest of
Dromara, and in 1907 he was promoted to the im-
portant position of parish priest of Dromore, co. Down,
succeeding Monsignor McCartan, a most excellent
priest, and a warm friend of the writer, when he was
curate of the Dromore Cathedral.
Another deservedly popular and successful priest
(a native of Glen) is the Eev. Hugh McEvoy, a brother
of Arthur McEvoy, J.P., of Drumiller. Father McEvoy
held in succession the curacies of Loughbrickland,
Warrenpoint, and Lurgan, and, quite recently, has been
appointed parish priest of Maralin, where his superior
talents and good quahties will be much appreciated.
There are two flourishing National schools in Glen,
viz. Derrycraw and Barr, both of which are under the
management of the parish priest.
Schools: The Derrycraw School-house was erected
errycraw, ^^^^^ ^gjg j^^ ^^ie Corrys, who owned the
adjoining property.
The first teacher was D. 0' Gorman, whose salary
amounted to the magnificent sum of £8 per annum
and fees of the pupils, viz. twopence per week from
each ! In 1820 he had, as pupils on his roll, 21
Roman Catholics, six Estabhshed Church children, and
three Presbyterians. He was succeeded (so far as can be
known) by teachers named Cunningham and Madden.
The school was taken into connection with the
350 DONAGHMOBE
National Board in 1848, as a male and female school,
which were amalgamated in 1889.
The following is the succession of teachers, so
far as can be known from existing records :
Girls' School.— Mrs. Isabella Rooney (1848-1885) ;
Miss Hannah Lawlor (1885-1886) ; Miss Sarah Quinn
(April 1886-Jmie 1887) ; Miss Sarah O'Neill (July
1887-Jmie 1889).
Boys' School.— Wilham Rooney (1857-1869 and
1879-1888) ; Patrick Mm-ray (1869-1878) ; Daniel
Byrne (portion, 1889) ; James Byrne (portion, 1889-
1900).
Amalgamated School.— Patrick McGennis (1891-
1913) and Mrs. Ellen McGennis (1900-1913). The
present competent teachers (appointed January 1,
1913) are Owen Finegan (Principal) and Miss
McNulty (assistant).
There was a school at Barv in 1820 with 80 pupils,
fees lid. per w^eek, the teacher being Jane
^^"- Madool.
The present Barr School was founded and the
building erected in 1839. The succession of teachers
is as follows : Fegan, Michael Boyle, Peter Murphy,
Patrick Carroll, Mrs. Mary Bell, Charles Grant, John
Malone, Peter Thompson, Miss Catherine McAuliffe,
Miss Mary Anne Timoney, and Mrs. Catherine Logan,
the present capable principal teacher.
There was formerly a good school in Corgary
townland, known as Dromantine School. The school-
house, a fine building, was erected in
Dromantine. ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^r^^^ j^ ^.^^ ^p^^^^^
as a National school in 1848. There were a girls'
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 351
and a boys' school. The first teachers were Mrs.
Ciithbert and her husband, who were succeeded by-
Mrs. Francis and her husband.
Tombstone inscriptions in Barr (St. Mary's)
churchyard, &c. :
Church ard ^^^ Headstone — Figure of Lamb under-
neath cross.
' Erected to the memory of Matthew lleavey,
Lurganare, who died 21st July, 1850, aged 42 years ;
also his beloved wife, Ehza Eeavey, who died 28th
November, 1889, aged 82 years, his son Patrick Eeavey,
who died 6th December, 1894, aged 55 years.'
(2) Headstone, with monogram LH.S.
' Sacred to the memory of Bernard Hennings,
Derrycraw, who departed this hfe 21st March, 1865,
aged 40 years : also his beloved father, Peter, who
died 9th February, 1866, aged 70 years.'
(3) Headstone, with monogram LH.S.
' Gloria in excelsis Deo,
And a spotless life as old age.'
'Erected by Anthony Creney, Ballyblough, in
memory of his daughter Sarah, who departed this life
lOth October, 1862, aged 25 years ; also his daughter
Catherine, who died 14th May, 1863, aged 21 years ;
also his son Anthony, who died 22nd February, 1864,
aged 16 years.'
(4) Headstone— LH.S.
' Erected by Mary Quinn, Derrycraw, in memory
of her beloved son Luke, who departed this life 28th
January, 1841, aged 36 years.'
352 DONAGHMORE
(5) Headstone.
' The pathway to our home above is shadowed by
the X (cross).' ' It is a holy and wholesome thought
to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from
their sins.'
' Erected by Owen O'Hare, Corgary, in memory of
his beloved wife, Bridget, who died 3rd December,
1865, aged 75 years.'
(6) Headstone — Figure of Lamb.
' Erected by Ann O'Hare, in memory of her beloved
husband Daniel, who departed this life 22nd October,
1852, aged 62 years.'
(7) Headstone— I.H.S.
' Erected by Margaret Verden in memory of her
father, Thomas Verden, who died 19th April, 1887,
aged 61 years, and her mother Elizabeth, who died
1st January, 1886, aged 62 years.'
(8) Headstone— I.H.S.
' Erected in memory of Henry Larkin, Drumiller,
who died 9th January 1834, aged 63 years, and his
son Charles, aged 12 years ; also his wife Sarah, who
died 25th November, 1859, aged 68 years.'
(9) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
'Erected by John O'Hare, Knockenarney, in
memory of his father Roger O'Hare, who died 17th
January, 1850, aged 84 years ; his mother Elizabeth,
who died 2nd February, 1850, aged 76 years ; also
the above-named John O'Hare, who died 6th August,
1901, aged 81 years, and his wife Bridget, who died
1st May 1909, aged 76 years.'
'. May they rest in peace.'
GLEN AND FOUBTOWNS 353
(10) Headstone — Figure of Crucifixion.
' Erected by J. and P. Eeavey in memory of their
father Daniel, who departed tliis life 7th February,
1841, aged 75 years, and their mother Susan, who
died 9th July, 1865, aged 74 years.'
(11) Headstone — Figures of Crucifixion, the
Blessed Virgin and Mary Magdalen.
' Erected by Sarah Loughlin, Knockenarney, in
memory of her husband Patrick, who died 29th
J\Iarch, 1857, aged 56 years.'
' Requiescat in pace. Amen.'
(12) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
' Erected by Patrick Wallace, Drumiller, in memory
of his daughter Ann, who died 4th March, 1851, aged
23 years ; also his daughter Catherine, who died 11th
May, 1852, aged 22 years, and his son Patrick, who
died 19th May, 1854, aged 22 years.'
(13) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo,' sur-
mounting figures of Crucifixion, the Blessed Virgin
Mary and Mary Magdalen.
'Erected by Margaret Kerr, Carrickrovaddy, in
memory of her husband James, who died 31st January,
1848, aged 55 years ; also her daughter Sarah, who died
March 31st, 1861, aged 16 years.'
(14) Headstone—' Gloria in excelsis Deo ' over
figure of Lamb.
' Erected by Mary A. Cuimingham, Knockenarney,
in memory of her beloved husband Matthew, who
departed this life 11th July, 1859, aged 46 years.'
2 a
354 DONAGHMORE
(15) Headstone — (similar to No. 5).
' Erected by Ann McEvoy in memory of her beioved
husband Hugh, who died 15th November, 1831, aged
50 years ; also her son Henry, who died 15th November,
1862, aged 40 years.'
(16) Headstone — Figures of Cross and Lamb.
' Erected by Hugh McLoughlin, Newrj^ in memory
of his beloved wife Eliza, who died 14th November,
1867, aged 30 years.'
' May her soul rest in peace. Amen.'
(17) Headstone— I.H.S.
' Erected by John Dooley, Carrickrovaddy, in
memory of his daughter Margaret, who died 30th
October, 1852, aged 17 years.'
(18) Headstone—' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
' Erected by EHzabeth Dooley, Drumiller, in memory
of her beloved husband Bernard, who departed this
life 6th September, 1839, aged 72 years.'
' May his soul rest in peace.'
(19) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
'Erected by Arthur Magemiis, Ballylough, in
memory of his wife Bridget, who died 13th February,
1859, aged 74 years ; his son Matthew, who died
March 7th, 1849, aged 20 years; his infant sons,
Patrick and Michael, who died at an early age ; also his
son Fehx, who died 11th November, 1863, aged 53
years, and the above-named Arthur Magennis, who
died 13th June. 1876, aged 103 years.'
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 355
(20) Headstone — Figure of Lamb.
' Erected in memory of Patrick O'Hare, Treamount,
who died 31st July, 1889, aged 62 years ; also his
beloved wife Margaret, who died 18th February, 1900.'
(21) Headstone — Cross.
' Erected by Peter O'Hare, Lurganare, in memory
of his father and mother, brothers and sister.'
'R.LP.'
(22) Headstone — Cross and Lamb.
'Erected by James O'Hare, Knockenarney, in
memory of his father James O'Hare, who died 5th
February, 1819, his mother Anna, who died November
7th, 1832; and his son Thomas O'Hare, M.D., who
died October 13th, 1867, aged 24 years.'
(23) Headstone — Words ' Ecce Agnus Dei,' with
figure of Lamb.
' Erected to memory of Bernard Brooks, Knocken-
arney, who died 28th December, 1855, aged 68 years,
and his son, Hugh, who died 5th December, 1862,
aged 30 years.'
(24) Very large Celtic cross, erected upon granite
pedestal.
' Of your charity pray for the soul of Patiick
Cranney, Lisnatierney, who died 10th April, 1893, aged
74 years ; also his beloved wife Eose, who died 15th
August, 1898, aged 74 years.'
' Requiescant in pace. Amen.'
35r> DONAGHMORE
(25) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
* Erected in memory of Catherine Sands, Knock-
enarney, who died 29th September, 1839 aged 52
years ; also her beloved husband James, who died
6th July, 1859, aged 68 years.'
(26) Headstone— I.H.S.
' Erected in memory of John McEvoy who died
1st April, 1820, aged 82 years ; also his wife Catherine,
who died 25th January, 1838, aged 85 years, and
their son Daniel, who departed this life on 12th,
February, 1845, aged 55 years.'
(27) Headstone — ' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
'Erected by Peter McKenney in memory of his
only son Joseph, who died November 24th, 1819,
aged 18 years.'
(28) Headstone — Figures of Cross and Lamb.
' Erected by Felix O'Hare, Maddydrumbrist, in
memory of his father John, who died 1st December,
1868, aged 68 years, and his mother, Ann O'Hare, who
died 11th December, 1871, aged 78 years.'
(29) Headstone — Gi'oss and Lamb.
'Erected by Patrick O'Hare, Drumentine, in
memory of his mother Catherine, who died 16th
January, 1879, aged 84 years, and his wife Sarah, who
died 27th February, 1885, aged 34 years.'
(30) ' Erected to memory of Eichard Savage,
Lurganare, who died 11th March, 1886, aged 78 years ;
also his daughter Mary, who died 26th February aged
20 vears.'
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 357
(31) ' Erected by Margaret Magennis, Dromantine,
in memory of her husband Patrick, who died 2nd
July, 1890/
(32) Cross and Lamb.
' Erected by Francis O'Hare, Derrycraw, in memory
of his wife Mary Catherine, who departed this hfe
4th January, 1885, aged 55 years, also the above-
named Francis O'Hare, died 6th November 1892,
aged 69 years.'
(33) ' Erected by Hugh and Bernard McElroy,
Derrj^craw, in memory of their beloved mother Ellen,
w4io died 20th January, 1890, aged 70 years, and their
father Hugh, who died 15th September, 1893, aged
74 years.'
(34) Large granite cross.
' Erected by John Hughes in memory of his father,
Peter Hughes, Drumiller, who died 18th March, 1893,
aged 83 years.'
(35) Granite headstone.
' Erected by Margaret Jane O'Hare in memory
of her father John O'Hare, Tullymore, who died
June 25th, 1905, aged 62 years.'
(36) Very large Celtic granite cross.
'Erected in memory of Wilham Walmsley, J.P.,
Mount Mill, who died 30th May, 1894, aged 56 years ;
also his beloved wife Eachel, who died 8th February,
1901.'
(This grave-space railed in.)
358 DONAGHMORE
(37) Granite headstone.
' In memory of Arthur Treanor, Newry, who died
23rd January 1907, aged 51 years.'
Flat Stones
(1) ' The burial-place of James and John Savage,
Lurganare, and their famihes and posterity.'
(This grave-space railed in.)
(2) ' In memory of John Savage, Lurganare, who
died 5th June, 1856, aged 73 years, and of his wife
Mary, who died 27th July, 1860, aged 73 years.'
In an Ordnance Survey MS. in the Royal Irish
Academy (1834) referring to the parish of Donaghmore,
it is stated : ' A Seceding Meeting House, called the
Rock Meeting House, is situated in the extreme
north of the parish in the townland of Ballymacratty-
more.' Hence it will be seen that the
Fourtowns j^Qurtowns Presbyterian Church or Con-
Chm-ch.'^"^" gregation was formerly connected with
the Secession Body. Unfortunately the
Secession Synodical Minutes from 1778 till 1814
inclusive are lost, and nothing can be ascertained
during that period with any certainty in regard to
this body, except in cases where the Minutes of
Presbytery have been preserved.
The Fourtowns Congregation was founded in
1810, in connection with the Secession Presbytery
of Down, the Minutes of which are missing for the
period to which we have referred.
GLEN AND FOURTOWNfS 359
The Synod of Ulster and that of the Secession
Body united in 1840.
The congregation was at first in charge of a Licen-
tiate, named David Norwood, who subsequently went
to America, where he was ordained in 182G,
Nomood. '^^ pastor of Mahoning. Mount Jackson,
and Slippery Rock.
The first ordained minister of the church was
Thomas Heron. An old Session book of the Secession
congregation at Eathfriland records that
HerwL^ ail Elder was appointed to attend an
ordination at the Fourtowns on September
21, 1813, which was most probably that of Thomas
Heron, for on June 17, 1814, it is recorded that he
received the Royal Bounty grant, which amounted to
£40 (Irish money) or £36 18s. 6f?. (British), being
the sum to which a minister of a ' Third Class ' con-
gregation in respect of the Bounty was entitled. He
died October 25, 1816, having been killed by a fall
from his horse.
Alexander Bryson, M.A., was ordained minister
of the congregation, December 23, 1817. He chose
as the text of his first sermon after ordina-
Alexander ^-^^ ^j^^ ^^^^.^^^ . < therefore came I unto
J3ryson. ....
you Without gamsaymg, as soon as I was
sent for : I ask therefore for what intent ye have
sent for me ? ' (Acts x. 29.)
During his pastorate in 1832, there were in
connection with the congregation 546 souls, while in
1833 the congregation became a ' second-class congre-
gation,' which enabled its minister to I'cceive a Bounty
of £50 (Irish) or £46 3s. Id. (British). It was during
360 DONAGHMOEE
his ministry, in 1840, that the church became comiected
with the ' General Assembly,' which was formed by the
Union of the Synod of Ulster with the Secession Synod.
In 1847 there were 110 families connected with the
congregation. The stipend paid Mr. Bryson for that
year was £25 10s. He was a fine classical scholar,
and in addition to his ministerial duties prepared
young men for the University. He was minister of
the congregation almost forty years. He died
April 25, 1855, and was buried in the graveyard
adjoining the church. On his tomb are engraven
the words :
' Kesurgent.'
' Sacred to the memory of the Eev. Alexander
Bryson, A.M., who died 25th of April, 1855, in the
69th year of his age, and 39th of his ministry,'
' This kind husband and affectionate father, and
very worthy pastor, was greatly esteemed by his
brethren, who regarded him as a man of high principle,
sterling integrity, unostentatious piety, and generous
friendship. For more than 38 years he faithfully
preached the Gospel of the Grace of God ' (extract
from Minute of Property).
On his son's tomb, within the same walled-in
space, are the following words :
'March 17th, 1851, James Bryson, M.R.C.S.,
aged 29 years ; also his infant daughter, Mary Jane.'
Alexander Bryson was succeeded by his son, the
Rev. John Bryson, LL.D. Dr. Bryson was licensed
to preach the Gospel on June 13, 1843, by the Ban-
bridge Presbytery, being then in his 21st year.
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 361
Shortly afterwards he became a Licentiate assistant
to the Eev. Dr. Hetherington, the parish minister
of St. Andrews, N.B., where he remained
LL.D. '^^^°"' ^'^out two years. During his residence in
St. Andrews he was offered two ' calls '
— one from an important parish church (Church of
Scotland), and the other from a Free Church in the
immediate neighbourhood. It seems he was disposed
to accept the former appointment, but his father, whom
he consulted, advised that he was too young and
inexperienced to undertake the pastoral charge of
such a large and influential congregation. Li 1846
he received a ' call ' to Trinity Presbyterian Church,
Wolverhampton. He was ordained by the Presbytery
of London in 1846 as minister of the congregation, and
remained as such for about nine years.
He became minister of the Fourtowns in June
1855, when he was installed by the Banbridge Pres-
bytery, among those present on the occasion being
his good friend. Dr. Cooke, who frequently invited
him to preach in May Street, Belfast, where a few
members of the congregation, still surviving, remember
his eloquence. The text of his first sermon after
induction was that which his father chose on a similar
occasion.
He remained pastor of the Fourtowns congre-
gation till his retirement from the active duties of
the ministry in 1898. He died September 22, 1902,
and was buried in the Fourtowns churchyard. On
the handsome granite monument which marks his
grave and that of his wife are engra^-cn the words :
' Here lieth the remains of the Eev. John Bryson,
362 DONAGHMORE
LL.D., for 47 years the faithful minister of Four-
town Presbyterian Congregation, Avho died on 22nd
September, 1902, aged 80 years. Also his beloved
wife Mary Smith Harwick, who died on 25th January,
1890, aged 55 years.'
The writer had the pleasure of a long and intimate
acquaintance with Dr. Bryson, for whom he enter-
tained the highest feehngs of respect and esteem.
Dr. Bryson was the author of several import-
ant works, viz. ' The Presbyter, the Prelate, and
the People ' ; ' The Three Marys ' ; and ' The Pulpit
Orator ' — a work which was favourably noticed by the
Bishop of Derry (Dr. Alexander) at the time, and by
the late Professor Smith, M.P. Dr. Bryson received
the coveted degree of Doctor of Laws, by examina-
tion, from the ancient University of St. Andrews,
Scotland.
He married Mary Smith, only daughter of Joseph
Harwick, of Oaken Manor, Wolverhampton, by whom
he had issue, of whom the following survive : Harwick,
Eveline, Alexandra, Gertrude Harwick, and Edith
(married John Vincent Chambers).
Of Dr. Bryson's brothers were the surgeon (already
mentioned) and George, whose sons John and James
are members of the well-known firm of Spence, Brj'son
and Company (Portadown and Belfast), and Thomas of
Corcullentra, near Portadown.
The Brysons are an old family of Scottish descent
which settled in County Antrim at an early date.
They are of a good stock, and are still represented in
the parish by Robert and James Bryson of the
Fourtowns.
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 363
At a special meeting of the Banbridge Presbytery,
held in the Fourtowns Presbyterian Church on
January 24, 1899, Wilham Henry Sloane,
Rev. Wm. -q ^ (^ Licentiate of the Belfast Pres-
Henry ^
Sloane. bytery), was ordained as assistant and
successor to Dr. Bryson.
The Kev. W. H. Sloane married Rosina, daughter
of the Eev. James Scott, B.A., Presbyterian minister,
Banside, Banbridge, and resigned the charge of the
congregation May 11, 1907, going to Harryville,
Balleymena.
During the next three years the church had no
stated pastor, the neighbouring ministers and others
officiating at the services. At this period the congre-
gation and the Banbridge Presbytery seemed to
disagree over the vesting of the Manse property, with
the result that the former prayed the General Assembly
(Belfast), 1909, to be transferred to the
Change of presbytery of Newry. The Assembly
etc!'^ y eiy, j..ggpjyg(j ' ijj-^r^f. j-Y^Q memorial be received,
its prayer granted, and that the congrega-
tion of Fourtowns be, and it is hereby, transferred from
the Presbytery of Banbridge to the Presbytery of
Newry.'
An earnest endeavour was made at this time to
unite the congregation with a neighbouring one, but
without success. The Committee on the Union of
Congregations (which is vested with Assembly powers)
thus reported (1910) : ' We regret that our prolonged
negotiations to unite Fourtowns with some neigh-
bouring church were of no avail. The congregation
having made arrangements regarding the tenure of
364 DONAGHMORE
their church property which were deemed to be satis-
factory by the Committee, leave was given to the
Newry Presbytery to proceed to the settlement of a
minister.'
Accordingly, in April 1910, Wilham Pearse Young,
B.A., was chosen by the congregation, and ordained
as the minister of the Four towns on the
plarsT ^^^* °^ ^^® following May. The Rev. W. P.
Youn<^. Young, a son of the Rev. W. J. Young of
Milford, county Donegal, was educated at
the Campbell, Queen's, and Assembly's Colleges,
Belfast. He had a distinguished University career, and
held a scholarship each year of his Divinity Course.
He was licensed in 1908 by the Letterkennj^ Presbytery,
and served as assistant to the Rev. W. J. Macaulay,
D.D., Portadown, the Rev. D, Hadden, Annalong, and
to the Rev. D. K. Mitchell (Crumlin Road), Belfast.
He filled these positions with marked ability and
acceptance, and was made the recipient of presenta-
tions at the close of each engagement. He married
Marion, eldest daughter of Alexander Cromie, of
Millvale, Rathfriland, by whom he has issue.
The following were Ruling Elders in the Four-
towns Congregation : Samuel Thompson, Carrick ;
William Campbell, Edenderry ; David Mc-
Elderf Knight, Killj^savan ; Ringham Bingham,
Lisnabrague ; and James Shanks, Ijisna-
brague.
The present Elders : — George Bingham, Lisna-
brague ; Robert W. Shannon, Rose Cottage ; and
Falkiner B. Small, Island House.
George Bingham is son of the late Ringham
GLEN AND FOUETOWNS 365
Bingham, who was a EuUng Elder in the Fourtowns
for fifty years, while his mother was a sister of the late
Kev. Thomas Cromie of Bessbrook, a distinguished
member of the Newry Presbytery.
Eobert W. Shannon is the author of the able
articles on agriculture which appear weekly in the
Newry Telegra-ph and Belfast Witness. He is a son
of the late James Shannon of Tullymore House, by
his wife, nee Barber.
Falkiner B. Small is son of the late Eobert Small
of Island Cottage, by his wife Annabella, daughter of
the late Thomas Ledlie of Frankfort.
The present church edifice is a small, fairly hand-
some structure, without spire or tower, and with a
seating capacity accommodating about 250
Fd"fi persons. It is shortly to be renovated at
considerable cost.
There was no manse in connection with the Four-
towns Congregation till 1901. On March 15 of
that year the manse (known as The Eock
Manse) was purchased, with eighteen acres
(Irish) of land, for the sum of £600. Subsequently
the congregation spent £250 in adding to and
renovating the house, which is a handsome and
commodious dwelling.
In the adjoining churchyard many of the graves
are without tombstones or other marks of identity
to the public. In addition to those already
urc yar . j-^pj^^^(^j^^,(j^ ^rp notice the following tomb
inscriptions :
' Patton ' — engraved on headstone, with iron
railing, fixed in granite uprights.
366 DONAGHMORE
' Mc Knight ' — (same as above).
Large, handsome, marble obehsk, with walled-in
space, bearing the inscriptions :
(East side) — ' Erected by WilHam Dinsmore, Lough-
adian. Died 13th February, 1894, aged 78 years.
' And of his mother, Margaret Fisher. Died 13th
February, 1906, aged 83 years.' On the panel under-
neath are the words : ' Be thou faithful unto death,
and I will give you a crown of Hfe.'
(South side) — ' Also his sister, Selina. Died 17th
September, 1890, aged 28 years.'
(North side)— 'Also his sister Isabella Margaret,
wife of Adam Blakley, Ballybrick. Died 17th April,
1885, aged 28 years. Interred in Ballyroney.'
'Moses Waddell of Carrick. Died March 29,
1872, aged 47 years.' — ' Be ye ready also.' — Luke
xii. 40.
Headstone — large walled-in space : ' Here lie the
mortal remains of James Shanks of Lisnabrague, who
departed this life May 23rd, 1871, aged 84 years.
Also the remains of his beloved wife, Margaret Shanks,
who died January 28th, 1870, aged 87 years.' In
the same space is a small headstone bearing the
inscription :
' To the memory of Robert James McClelland,
who departed this life 14th July, 1858, aged 6 years.
Jesus said ' Suffer little children and forbid them not
to come unto Me, for of such is the Kingdom of
Heaven.'
Large metal railing — set in granite. Headstone :
' In memoriam John Taylor. Died 20th November,
1866, aged 59 years. His wife Mary died 4th February,
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 367
1860, aged 48 years.' ' The sweet remembrance of
the just shall flourish when they sleep in dust.'
A burial-place is thus marked : ' The Family
Burying Ground of James Dinsmore, Tandragee,'
while another has an iron railing, but no head or
tombstone of any kind.
The Fourtowns National School is situated in
the to^vnland of Killysavan. The present manager is
Falkiner B. Small, while his predecessors
Sdiool^^"'^ in that capacity seem to have been the
respective ministers of the Fom-towns
Church. The present school-house was built in 1836,
by subscription, and opened as a National school in
1837.
The following is the succession of teachers :
— Bell, 1837 ; Alexander Cummins, 1846 ; Miss
Annie Henderson, 1872 (married James Jenkins, and
continued to teach as Mrs. Jenkins) ; Miss M. Helena
Cuyler, 1890 ; Miss Mary E. Malcomson, 1894 (she
married, in 1898, Joseph Wyhe of Killysavan, and
continued to teach after her marriage) ; Miss Susan
Cunningham, 1898 (she married, 1905, James Wylie
of Elm Hill, and continued as teacher till 1908) ;
Mrs. Joseph Wylie (re-appointed), 1908. Miss Minnie
Young, the present efficient principal teacher, was
appointed October 1910.
An attempt had been made to establish a school
in Killysavan so far back as 1819 — when the Vestry
of the parish church thus resolved : ' We present
the sum of twenty pounds for the purpose of building
a school-house in the townland of Killysavan, provided
the proprietor of the estate or his accredited agent
368 DONAGHMORE
gives from under his band that he will give over his
right to said parish of the site of said school-house,
together with the occupier of the farm at present —
which documents are to be produced at the next
Vestry, and entered on said Vestry Book — otherwise
this grant to be void.' The following note is appended
to the resolution : ' The condition of the above Act
not complied with, 1st May, 1820.'
About the same date (1S19) a school was estab-
lished in the townland of Tullymore, where the school-
house still remains. There is no record
Schools ^^ *^^ Vestry Minutes of any moneys
having been levied off the parish towards
the erection of the school-house (which w^as at first
thatched). We find, however, a small grant for
repairs, April 24, 1821, when the Vestry ' Resolved
that the sum of two guineas be levied off this parish
for the repairs of the school-house at Mr. John Young's.'
The Committee for 1861 consisted of Hugh Copeland,
Robert Small, James Shannon, Joseph McKnight,
William Waddell, Samuel B. Marshall, Joseph Copeland,
Joseph Neill, Arthur Graham, James Young, Archibald
Marshall, Joseph Clegg, and Samuel Gibson.
The first teacher of the school was John MclMullen
(Roman Catholic), who had as pupils in 1820 14
Roman Catholics, 5 Presbyterians, and 1 Irish Church
child.
Subsequent teachers (so far as known) : Mrs.
Nesbit, Wm. Gordon, — Hamilton, — McElroy,
George Hare, George Gillespie, Wm. Donaldson,
Miss Agnes Sloan, Miss Miimie Sloan, and Miss
Hudson.
GLEN AND FOURTOWNS 3ti9
In 1820 there was a good school in the townland
of Bally macratty beg, the teacher of which was Robert
Bell (a Seceder). His salary was £20 per annum. He
had as pupils (1820) 18 Irish Church children, 12
Presbyterians, and 8 Roman Catholics.
CHAPTER IX
DONAGHMORB CHURCHYARD
The ancient Irish had several modes of burial, one
of these being cremation, which was undoubtedly
practised at a remote period, as numerous
Ancient ^j.^^ containing burnt bones have been
of^Burial/^ found in tumuh. It is extremely doubtful,
however, whether the custom was ever prac-
tised in Ireland after the introduction of Christianity.
It seems there is no record of any individual instance of
burial by cremation after pagan times, though there
is extant an ancient ecclesiastical canon, attributed
to the fifth century, which refers to this mode, but
probably only as one which had been practised in past
(pagan) times. The reference is to kings, as having
been buried in churches in the earliest ages, ' whereas
other people were often buried either by fire or by
heaping up (over the body) a cam of stones.' Burnt
bones (unless in an urn) found in a grave would not
in themselves be sufficient evidence of cremation in
Christian times, because burning alive was one of the
modes of punishing persons guilty of serious crimes,
as, for example, in the case of a person guilty of
the abduction or seduction of a maiden.
DONAGHMOEE CHUECHYAED 371
Another mode of burial was to put the body in a
sitting posture in the grave, but occasionally, in the
case of a king or warrior, the body was placed stand-
ing up, fully ' accoutred and armed.'
Doubtless, too, in accordance with the custom of
all Aryan peoples, not only did the warrior receive
a ' full battle costume,' but was most kindly provided
with a choice retinue, and so forth, by his admirers,
who, at the funeral rites, burnt some of the clients,
slaves, and favourite animals of the dead chief. ' In
no way could respect for the rank and quahties of the
deceased chief be better shown than by providing
him, on his entrance into the next world, with a
retinue of his favourite servants befitting his rank and
warlike exploits, and with horses and dogs for the
chase.'
The next mode of burial in ancient times was that
which we have adopted ourselves, being the only one
sanctioned by Christianity.
Donaghmore Churchyard is one of our oldest
places of sepulture, having been used, it seems, for
that purpose since early Christian times.
JhriyarT Probably even in its rath days many an
old chieftain and leading clansman were
laid to rest within its precincts.
Though fairly large in extent, measuring an acre
and a half (statute), there is not a space in this ' sacred
spot ' which has not been used as a burial-place for
the dead. There are many memorials of those whose
bodies lie in this * silent land ' ; a few families have
constructed enclosures only, but numerous graves
are altogether unmarked, oi' only by a rude stone.
37^ DONAGHMORE
without even an inscription to tell us of the name of
the departed, or sing their praise. ' Memory o'er their
tomb no trophies raised,' but doubtless for these poor
sons of faithful toil and simple faith the Book of Life
records a grander monument.
There, in ' God's Acre,' lie side by side the Eoman
Cathohc, the Presbyterian, the Methodist and the
Churchman — their former feuds and differences
forgotten, their Christian virtues only remembered ;
and thus, for each, our common
' Father, in Thy gracious keeping
Leave we now Thy servant sleeping.'
The churchyard is vested in the Representative Body
of the Church of Ireland ; the rector and church-
wardens are the custodians, a.nd it is their duty to
see that the burial rights of parishioners are preserved
inviolate ; to guard and protect from destruction the
memorials of the dead, to shield from profanation
the graves in which are deposited the sacred dust
of the departed, and to have the consecrated place
properly enclosed and kept.
In August, 1838 (as recorded in the local Press),
some antique remains were found in the churchyard
by workmen who were engaged in building
Remain^. a fence at the outskirts. It seems they
happened on a place which appeared to
have been the depository of the remains of some person
of distinction, buried at a remote period, and which
had been reduced to ashes. From the extent of the
enclosure, nearly six feet by four, it was probable
that more than one body had been interred in it.
DONAGmrOEE CHUECHYARD 373
The tomb was not more than fom- or five feet below
the sm-face, while the bottom and sides were neatly
flagged. It is a matter of regret that the persons
who discovered and opened it displaced the sides
and removed some of the ashes; A number of small
bars, resembling silver, had been found near it a
few days previously by the workmen, and it was
supposed by them that some valuable treasure was
deposited in the tomb.
There are a number of handsome tombstones
erected in the churchyard — of stone, marble, and slate
— while the epitaphs are simple, and never
Tombsand ^^^^^^q ^^ praise of the departed. We
Inscriptions. -^ , , , , » -,1
have none of that absurd type of epitaph
so often to be found in some of the old churchyards
of England and other places— many of which are so
ludicrous that they only excite our laughter at the
expense of the due solemnity which is in keeping
with the subject. An example of such is to be seen
in Pewsey, Wilts., where the relations of the deceased
used the tombstone as an effective means of advertise-
ment ! The epitaph runs as follows :
' Beneath ibis stone, in hopes of Zion,
Is laid the landlord of " The Lion " ;
Resigned unto the Heavenly Will,
His son keeps on the business still.'
The following, however, are fairly respectable
epitaphs, and may interest our married folks :
' Here lies a Noble Pair, who were in Name,
In Heart , and Mind, and Sentiments the same.
The Arithmetick Rule then can't be true,
For One and One did never here make Two.'
374 DONAGHMOBE
(Dunster, Norfolk, ob. 1709 and 1720 : Israel and
Sarah Long).
* Elizabeth, wife of Major-General Hamilton, who
was married 47 years, and never did One thing to
disoblige her husband.' (Streatham Church, ob. 1746.)
The following are the epitaphs inscribed on the
tombstones in the churchyard of Donaghmore, except-
ing those already mentioned. Flat stones are marked
by an asterisk, while the points of the compass sig-
nify the direction from the church (which is almost
in the centre of the graveyard) in which the tombs
are situated. ' Enclosure ' implies that the particular
burial-place is surrounded by a wall or metal railing,
or both.
(West.)
Innes. — The Innes family vault consists of a small,
strongly- built house with a massive metal door, facing
the west, while over the front gable are the words :
' This tomb was erected a.d. 1819, by Arthur Innes,
Esq., of Dromantine, in this parish.'
The front space is enclosed by a wall and iron
railing. Here (outside the vault) Mrs. Innes {n^e
Brabazon) chose to be buried. At the head of her
grave, built in the gable of the vault, is a handsome
marble tablet, on which is engraven the following
inscription : ' In memory of Louisa Letitia Henrietta
Innes, the beloved wife of Arthur Charles Innes, of
Dromantine, Co. Down, died January 27th, 1886.'
' I will never leave thee nor forsake thee ' (Hebrews xiii.
5). ' The Lord Thy God is with thee whithersoever
DONAGHMORE CHURCHYARD 375
thou goest ' (Joshua i. 9). The coffins of other
deceased members of the family rest on ledges in the
vault, close to each being a small tablet with epitaph.
The following are the inscriptions :
(1) Behind this stone lies the body of Arthur
Innes, Esq., of Dromantine, who died November
15th, 1820, aged 65 years.
(2) Behind this stone lies the body of his wife,
Anne Innes, who died January 9th, 1843, aged 72
years.
(3) Behind this stone hes the body of William
George Innes, Esq., who died 23rd May, 1829, in his
19 th year.
(4) Here hes the body of Arthur Innes, Esq., of
Dromantine, who died 27th June, 1835, in his 30th
year.
(5) Mary Jervis Innes, wife of Arthur Innes, Esq.,
died 24th January, 1886, aged 84 years.
(6) Emma Jane Innes, born 16th March, 1833, died
23rd October, 1868.
(7) Behind this stone lies the body of Arthur
Charles Innes-Cross, Esq., of Dromantine. Born
25th November, 1834 ; died 14th April, 1902.
(8) To the memory of Edith Clara Brabazon Innes.
Born March 24th, 1860 ; died March 11th, 1866.
(9) Behind this stone he the remains of Sarah Jane
Beauchamp, wife firstly of the adjacent A. C. Innes-
Cross, and secondly of H. M. Cooke-Cross. Died
16th November, 1911.
jVfee.—Sacred to the memory of ^Marchall Joseph
Mee, Esq., who after a short illness departed this life
at the Glebe House of Donaghmore the 25th day of
aif; DONAGHMOBE
January, 18-14, in the 22nd year of his age. ' He was
esteemed and vahied for his many virtues and amicable
qualities and his kind consideration foi' the feelings
of others endeared him to all who enjoyed his
acquaintance. He was the cherished and beloved
son of the Eevd. M. J. Mee, many years Vicar of
this parish.' (Enclosure.)
Finlay. — (Monument.) Erected by the Eevd. M.
Finlay in memory of his beloved son, John Thomson
Finlay, student of Theology, who died, after several
3'ears of patient suffering, on the 7th November, 1838,
aged 25 years. ' Blessed are the dead which die in the
Lord.' (Enclosure.)
Porter. — In loving memory of John Porter, Donagh-
more, who departed this life 17th May, 1870, aged
72 years. Also his wife Anne (Kydd) Porter, who
departed this life 5th January, 1901, aged 78 years.
(Enclosure.)
Parks. — Underneath this stone lie the remains of
Robert Parks, of Butter Hill, who departed this life on
the 25th February, 1842, aged 60 years. Also Robert
Parks McClelland, nephew to Mrs. Parks, who departed
this life on the 11th April, 1857, aged 33 years. Also
Anna Parks, of Butter Hill, aged 79 years, wife of the
above Robert Parks. She departed this Hfe on the
3rd December, 1864. Also Martha McClelland, sister
to Mrs. Parks, aged 84 years. Died May 20th, 1871.
Also WilHam Reid McClelland, late of Butter Hill.
Died August 8th, 1882. (Enclosure.)
Young. — Erected by William in memory of his
father John Young, who departed this hfe December,
1844. Aged 72 years. Here also lie the remains of
DONAGHMOEE CHURCHYARD 877
the above-named William Yomig, who died Jmie 6th,
1866, aged 53 years. (Enclosure.)
Little. — Erected by James Lyttle, of Dublin. In
memory of his mother Margaret Little, who died
Dec. 9th, 1877, aged 67. Also his father John, who
died February 23rd, 1888, aged 80. And his brother
Samuel, who died May 17th, 1907, aged 67. All of
Buskhill. ' Rest in the Lord.'
Hmmon. — Erected by Catherine Hannon, of TuUy-
raore, in memory of her beloved husband John, who
died 17th June, 1844, aged 51 years. Also his wife
Catherine, who died 12th February, 1863, aged 78
years. Also James Patterson, who died 8th February,
1857, aged 26 years. From America.
Graham. — Erected to the memory of Jane Graham,
wife of James Graham, of Loughadian, who died 7th
January, 1856, aged 67 years.
Fmegan. — Erected to the memory of James
Finegan, late of Ardaragh, who departed this life
19th July, 1846, aged 58 years.
Doherty.—ln memory of Wilham Doherty, who
died 1st March, 1907, aged 63 years. Also his wife
Lucy. Died 14th November, 1911, aged 62 years.
And their child Henry. Died 2nd Octobei-, 1874.
(Enclosure.)
McC'omI;.— Erected by Robert McComb in memory
of his wife, Margaret E. McComb, who died 3rd May,
1905, aged 65 years. Also her father, Alexander
Linden, who died 28th April, 1878, aged 80 years.
(Enclosure.)
Harpwr.— This stone was erected by John Harpur,
of Corgary, to the memory of his wife, Margaret Ann
378 DONAGHMOEE
Harpur, who departed this hfe the 15th day of April,
1840, aged 44 years.
Browne. — Erected by Adam Browne, of Newry,
to the memory of his beloved wife Anne Browne
{alias Moffit), of Annabawn, who departed this life 8th
August, 1864. Aetatis 50 years.
Scott. — In memory of George Scott, Junior, who
died at Cincinnati, Ohio, 4th January, 1849, in the
19th year of his age, and whose remains were deposited
in Spring Grove Cemetery, near that city. And here
are interred the mortal remains of George Scott
Esq., of Newry, who died 23rd January, 1864, aged
78 years. And here also are interred the mortal
remains of Mary Scott, the beloved wife of George
Scott, who died 19th August, 1879, aged 71 years.
Also of his grandson William Alex. Davis Scott,
who died 3rd July, 1877, aged 2| years. Also his
grandchildren, Jemima Marion Scott and Eichard
Davis Scott. Also Walter Scott, son of George
Scott, died 9th October, 1906. Aged 67 years. And
his wife, Ahce Jane Scott, died 2nd May, 1906, aged
68 years.* (Enclosure.)
Greer. — Erected to the memory of Thomas Greer,
of Buskhill, who died on the 18th June, 1868, aged
75 years. ' He was a much esteemed member of
the Presbyterian Church in this parish, of which he
was treasurer for many years. During his life he
did much for the prosperity of the Church, and at
his death bequeathed large sums of money for various
rehgious and benevolent objects.' (Enclosure.)
Clark-Patterson. — Tablet (built in wall). 'The Family
Burial Place of John Clark, of Aughintobber, 1868.'
DONAGHMOEE CH(:i^CHYARD 379
Headstone. — ' In loving memory of Sarah, wife of
Joseph Patterson, of Aiighintobber, and daughter of
the late John Clark, who died 1st October, 1899.'
(Enclosm-e.)
Marshall-Morrison.— (Double enclosure, with parti-
tion wall and railing) :
(1) (Tablet.) ' The Family Burying ground of John
Marshall, Tyllymurry House, a.d. 1842.'
(2) Here lie the remains of Jane Martin Morrison,
second daughter of John Morrison, M.D. She departed
this life 28th March, 1863. Also of Kobert 0. Hayes,
M.D., Bandon, and his wife Marion, eldest daughter
of John Morrison, M.D., who departed this hfe 27th
July, 1870. Here lie also the remains of John Morrison,
M.D., of Newry ; he departed this hfe 23rd July, 1880,
aged 76 years. Also his wife Anna Morrison, w^ho
departed this Hfe March 19th, 1894. Also John
Morrison Hayes, who departed this life May 27th, 1893,
Here also lie the remains of Marion Lucas, only
child of Eev. F. Lucas, and grand-daughter of Dr.
Morrison, Newry, who departed this hfe January 1st,
1896. And here also are interred the remains of
Anna M. Lucas, who died J 4th February, 1903,
youngest daughter of the above Dr. Morrison, and
wife of Eev. F. Lucas, D.D., of Dalkey, Co. Dublin.*
Weir.— {Uonument.) July, 1862. Sacred to the
memory of a beloved father and mother, Nathaniel
Weir and Anna his wife, by their children, Joseph Weir
and Atma McNeilly. Also Nathaniel David Weir.
Died 5th March, 1847, aged 5 years. (Enclosure.)
Marshall— {In this burial-place the several tomb-
stones (flat) are within one enclosure. The first
880 DONAGmiORE
has a special railing, while the remains are deposited
in a granite receptacle.)
(1) Here He the remains of Hugh Marshall, late of
Warrenpoint, who died on the 23rd of November,
1832. Aged 61 years. Also his beloved wife Marianne
Marshall, who died on the 16th November, 1845, aged
63 years. Also in memory of their son Hugh Marshall,
who died at sea on his passage from Hong Kong in
China on the 12th of December, 1845, aged 27 years.
And of their youngest son George, who died on the
22nd September, 1865, at New Orleans, United States,
America, aged 38 years, ' In life beloved.'
(2) Here lies the body of Hugh Marshall, who died
3rd March — , aged 65 years, and Margaret Marshall,
his wife, who died the 9th June. Aged 40 years.
(3) Here lieth the remains of John Marshall, who
died the 17th Feby. 1805, aged 76 years. Also Agnes
Marshall, his wife, died 15th Jan. 1814. Aged 84 years.
Here lieth Isabel Marshall, aged 20 years, and Thos.
Marshall, aged 18 years, both died the last week of
May 1790, and Eliza Marshall, wife of Doctor Hugh
Marshall, died 1st June, 1800, aged 70 years. Also
here rest the remains of above named Doctor Hugh
Marshall, who departed this hfe on the 21st day of
September, 1826, aged 64 years.
(4) Here lieth the remains of Thomas Marshall
who died on the 1st December 1791, aged 65 years.
Also Mary Marshall, his daughter, who died the 24th
of May, 1796, aged 20 years. And Mary Marshall, wife
of the above Thomas Marshall, who died 21st of Feb.,
1810, aged 78 years. Also Margaret Marshall, their
daughter, who died June 8th, 1818, aged 59 (?) years.
DONAGHMOEE CHUECHYAED 381
Also the remains of Andrew Marshall, Aughuacavin,
who died on the 6th day of August, 1847, aged 71
years. Also the remains of John IMarshall, of Lake
View, who died on the 16th February, 1878, aged 65
years.
(5) Here lie the remains of Capt". George Scott,
of Newry, mercht., who departed this hfe on the 24th
May, 1805. Here also were deposited the remains
of Marianne, his daughter, who died on the 17th
February, 1823, in the 24th year of her age.
And here were deposited the remains of Anne his
wife, who died on the 11th January, 1831, in the 72nd
year of her age. Also those of Marianne, his grand-
daughter, one year old.
Crow;.— Beneath this Tomb lie the remains of
Wilham Crow, Esq., of the King's County, who
departed this hfe at Maryvale, Co. Down, on the
30th day of June, 1820, aged 46 years.*
Irwin.— In loving memory of Mary Jane, dearly
beloved wife of John Irwin, who fell asleep July 28tb,
1902. Aged 71 years.
' Her children arise and call her blessed ! ' J ohn ni.
16. (Enclosure.)
McKeage.—B.ei-e lieth the remains of Sarah, wife
to William McKeage, who departed this life 27th
November, 1828. Aged 55 years.
Fe(/a?i.— (Two Headstones.)
(1) Here heth the remains of Patrick Fegan of
Coraary, who died March 1805, aged 76 years. Mar-
garet his wife, who died 15th July, 1815, aged 86 years.
George, their son, who died 14th March, 1829, aged 54
years! ' Marv, his wife, who died 28rd October, 1827,
382 DONAGHMORE
aged 63 years. George, their son, who died 1st
November, 1830, aged 27 years. Also that of John
Fegan, of Drumalane, Newry, who died the 27th April,
1865. Also John Fegan, Drumalane, Newry, born 9th
June, 1798. Died at the residence of his son-in-law,
Rosebank, Castlereagh, Belfast, 28th February, 1881.
' His end was peace.'
(2) Here lieth the remains of Jane wife of James
Fegan, of Clanrye Cottage, Newry, who died 13th April,
1845. Also two of their children, James, who died
4th July, 1857, aged 15 years, Francis, who died 15th
January, 1861, aged 17 years. In loving memory of
James Fegan, Clanrye Cottage, Newry, died 1st April,
1890, aged 84 years. Also his youngest daughter,
EHzabeth, who died 12th May, 1910. Aged 72 years.
(Enclosure.)
Clark. — (Compass and square — Lodge No. 269.)
Sacred to the memory of Francis Clark, of Bally-
macrattymore, who departed this life 16th Jan. 1826.
Neil. — Here lieth the body of Agnes Neil, wife of
Samuel Neil, who departed this life April 4, 1800,
aged 22 years.
— (Slate.)— J. L. Ys.
Kidd. — Erected to the memory of Joseph Kidd,
of Ringohsh, who departed this hfe June 1st, 1828.
Aged 66 years. Also Agnes, his daughter, who died
April 15th, 1826, aged 30 years. And also his wife,
Ehzabeth, who died December 14th, 1838, aged 82
years.*
Robinson. — To the memory of William Eobinson,
of Granshaw, and Jane, his wife. Also their son,
John, who departed this life 5th May. 1857. Also
DONAGHMOEE CHUECHYAED 388
their son, Joseph, who died 7th January, 1881. Aged
74 years.
McKee.—R. McKee.
Clements. — Erected to the memory of the late
Thos. Clements, of Loughorne, who died on the 11th
of September, 1827, aged 72 years. Also his rehct,
Sarah Clements, who died June 18th, 1833. Aged
77 years.* (Enclosure.)
Ross.—' Life so short, Eternity so long.'
Here lieth the body of Siseu Eoss, who departed
this hfe in the year 1773. Aged 33 years. Also
Jean, his wife, who departed this life in the year 1799,
aged 57 years. Also two of the children of Christopher
Eoss, Wm. and Jn.
Co f eland.— -{Sla^te.) S. Copeland.
Milder.— (Defaced) — and Jane Kelly, his grand-
child. — John Millar — departed this life October ye
3, 1783. Aged 24 years.
— (name effaced). August the 5th, 1761, Aged 3.
^Tg^^._john Neil : d.p. this life March 25, 1815.
r^,^lor— Underneath are deposited the remains
of Archibald Taylor, Esq., who departed this life
the 12th March, 1812, Aged 62 years.*
(North.)
Clegg.— 'Erected by Samuel Clegg, Loughorne, in
memory of his wife, Ehzabeth Ann, who died 19th
Jan. 1875. Aged 66 years. The above Samuel
Clegg died 11th Sept. 1882. Aged 88 years.
McKelveij. —ErecieQl to the memory of the late
James McKelvey, of Eingbane, who died the 29th
October, 1834. Aged 84 years.*
384 DONAGHMOEE
TJiompson. — Erected by Elizabeth Thompson, of
America, third daughter of Eobert Thompson of
Ballymacrattybeg, in memory of her Parents. Eobert
Thompson died 5th Jany., 1845. Aged 68 years, and
EHzabeth Thompson died 1st Jany. 1818. Aged 40
years.
Colvin. — In loving memory of John Colvin who
died May 27th, 1899. Aged 65 years.
Co'peland. — (1) Erected by Sarah Copeland in
loving memory of her mother, Sarah Copeland, of
Derrybeg, who died 3rd March, 1854.
(2) Here lyeth the body of Thomas Copeland,
who departed this hfe the 7th of May, 1791. Aged
33 years.
(3) In loving memory of Margaret (Maggie), the
beloved wife of Frank Copeland, who died 15th Nov.
1^1^- ' Trusting in Jesus.'
Gumm. — Sacred to the memory of Alfred Gumm,
of Newry, who departed this hfe 10th February, 1864.
Aged 52 years. ' Blessed are the dead who die in the
Lord.' (Eev. chap. xiv. ver. 13.)
Martin. — Samuel Martin, son of Jolm Martin and
Mary Boyd, his wife, died at Loughorne July viii,
A.D. MDCccxxxi, aged lxxx.
Jane Martin, daughter of James Harshaw and
Mary Bradford, his wife, married to Samuel Martin
A.D. MDcccx. Died at Loughorne July xvi.
A.D. MDcccxLVii. Aged Lx years. Samuel
Martin, son of Samuel Martin and Jane Harshaw his
wife. Born at Loughorne, Nov. xv a.d. mdcccxvii.
Died at Loughorne Aug. xxiv. a.d. mdcccxxvi.
DONAGHMOKE CHURCHYARD 885
Here lieth the body of Robert Martin, Esq., of Kilbrony,
who departed this hfe the 13th day of October, 1831.
Aged 76 years. Also John Martin, Esq., of Loughorne,
who departed this hfe the 16th of November, 1835.
Aged 76 years. Mary Martin died at Loughorne
December 17th a.d. 1827. Jane Martin died at
Kilbrony July 27th a.d. 1840, Aged 75 years.*
(Enclosure.) (John Martin, M.P., see p. 385.)
Neil. — In memory of Hugh Neil, who departed this
hfe on the 19th of March, 1861, in the 89th year
of his age. Also Eleanor, his wife, on the 8th of
February 1815, aged 36 years. Also their son Hugh
on the 16th February, 1816, aged 9 years, and their
son David Neil of Cargabane who died 22nd July,
1870, aged 75 years.
Hamilton.— Sacred to the memory of John Hamil-
ton, who departed this hfe Novr. 28th, 1813, aged 69
years. Also Margaret his wife; who departed Feb.
1st, 1819. Aged 73 years.
Kidd.— Erected to the memory of Wihiam Kidd,
of Buskhill, who departed this hfe 8th December,
1885, aged 79 years. Also his wife Ehzabeth Kidd,
who died 2nd March, 1886, aged 76 years.
In loving memory of Ehzabeth Kidd, beloved
wife of Wm. J. Kidd, Gilford, who departed this
life February 14th, 1912, aged 60 years.
' I am the Resurrection and the Life.' John xi. 25.*
(South.)
Johnston.— This tomb is a large sarcophagus with
flat stone, partly broken and the letters defaced, but
2 c
386 DONAGHMOEE
the following can be made out : ' Maria Anabella
Johnston, wife of James Johnston, of Tremont.
Died XXII December, mdccxxxii, Aged lxxi years.
Here lieth the Body of Mrs. Ehzabeth Johnston,
also of James Johnston, of Tremont Esq., who died
December xxii, mdcclxxxii. Aged lxiv years.
' She stretched out her Hand to the Poor.
' She reached forth her Hand to the Needy.'
Douglas. — Erected by Sarah Douglas, of Shankhill,
who departed this life 14th March, 1905. Also
Alexander Douglas, who died 21st June, 1898.
Graharn. — Sacred to the memory of Margaret B.
Graham, who departed this Hfe on the 16th of May,
1865, Aged 24 years. Also John Graham, who
departed this life on the 6th Oct. 1866, Aged 29
years.
Bnjson. — Sacred to the memory of Mary Ann
Bryson, who died the 14th Sept. 1871, Aged 33 years.
Beatty. — Erected by Jane Beatty in memory of
her beloved husband Andrew Beatty, who departed
this life the 29th August, 1859, Aged 62 years.
Andrew. — This is the Burying ground of Eobert
Andrew, of Loughorne.
Andrews. — Erected by Robert Andrews of Port
Hope, Canada, to the memory of his father, Eobert
Andrews, of Loughorne, who died 6th February, 1878,
Aged 63. Also Eobert Andrews, who died 1st May,
1851, Aged 1 year. Also Jeffrey Andrews, who died
26th March, 1858, Aged 11 years.
Grier. — Erected by his Parents, William and
Maggie Grier, in loving memory of their dearly
beloved son Wilham Eobert Grier, who fell asleep
DONAGHMOKE CHUECHYAED 387
in Jesus 21st December, 1889, Aged 10 years and
4 months.
' What though in lonely grief we sigh
For friends beloved, no longer nigh ?
Submissive still would I reply,
Thy will be done.
If Thou shouldst call me to resign
What most I prize, it ne'er was mine ;
I only yield Thee what was Thine ;
Thy will be done.'
Also his favourite Aunt, Bessie Shannon, who fell
asleep in Jesus 9th October, 1889, Aged 29 years.
Dec. 16, 1874.
Harpur.— Charles Harpur, aged 74 years, a.d.
1811.
Lang.— The Burial Place of James and Hugh
Lang of Cairnmeen, and their Families.*
0'H(mlo7i.—Reve heth the body of Pat. O'Hanlon,
who departed this Ufe the 2oth April, 1799, Aged
56 years.
Buddick.—Heie lie the remains of James Euddick,of
Eingclare, who departed this hfe the 22nd Jany. 1834,
Aged 75 years. Also his wife Margaret, who departed
this hfe the 7th Feby. 1848, Aged 90 years. Also
their son James Euddick, who died 19th August, 1872,
Aged 77 years. Also Mary, the beloved wife of the
above named James Euddick who died July 5, 1885,
Aged 62 years.
Wallace— McCullough.—il) (Flat stone). Here lyeth
ye Body of Eobert Wallace in Crive T., who departed
this life Jany. ye 2, 1710, in ye 69 year of his age.
2 0 2
388 DONAGHMOEE
And here lyeth the body of Eobert Wallace, who
departed this hfe the 3rd April (?) 1734 in the 53rd
year of his age.
(2) (Headstone).— Erected in memory of Robert
McCullough, Creevy House, who departed this hfe
Oct. 24th, 1864. Also his wife, Mary Moore
McCullough, died March 6th, 1831, and second wife,
Margaret Bowden McCullough, died July 24th, 1857.
Also Margaret Ewing McCullough, died March 17th,
1899. (Enclosure.)
Strain. — (Surmounted by Celtic cross and mono-
gram J.H.S.) In memory of Peter Strain of Glasker
and Family. R.LP. Erected by his daughter, Mary
Ann Strain. R.LP.
Fitzpatrick.—V-dtnck Fitzpatrick. Anno Domini
1712. (Portion effaced.)
McGrath. — (Surmounted by Roman cross and
monogram I.H.S.) Of your charity pray for the
soul of Francis McGrath, of Beech Hill, who died 14th
January, 1868. Aged 72 years ; also Jane, his beloved
wife, who died 28th March, 1844, Aged 58 years.
McCormic. — Erected by Ann Jane Cooke in memory
of her father, William John McCormic, of Lisnatier-
ney, who departed this hfe on the 27th April, 1849.
Aged 63 years. Also her mother, Mary Ann McCormic
who departed this life on the 28th July, 1867. Aged
70 years.
Crawford.— Here heth the body of WilHam Craw-
ford, who departed this hfe on 1st day of December,
1734, in the 57th year of his age.
McMmn.— Here lieth the body of Robert McMinn,
late of Castle Lanigan, who departed this hfe the
DONAGHMORE CHURCHYABD 889
12th day of Nov. 1798, Aged 78 years. Here lieth the
remains of Gilbert McMinn, son of John— (Remainder
effaced.)
McMinn.— (1) Here he the remains of Susanna,
wife of Joseph McMinn, of Newry, who departed this
life the 10th of February, 1823, Aged 70 years.
Also the remains of the above Joseph McMinn, who
died the 11th of July 1829, Aged 79 years.
(2) Here lie the remains of Robert McMinn, of
Tormore, who departed this life the 12th October,
1808, aged 70 years. Also the remains of his brother
Gilbert McMinn of Tormore, who departed this hfe
on the 12th of April, 1823, aged 77 years. Also the
remains of their niece Mary Rutherdale, of Tormore,
who departed this life on the 3rd of Januaiy, 1849,
Aged 84 years. Robert McMinn, of Castle Ennigan,
died 15th December, 1879, Aged 80 years. (Enclosure.)*
McKeoivn. — Here lie the body of James McKeown,
who departed this hfe 30th of March, 1830, aged 69.
Also his wife Easter McKeown, who departed this
hfe 11th August, 1834, aged 74. Here lie the body
of their son, Joseph McKeown, who died the 10th
February, 1836, Aged 45 years.
McCamley. — Here lieth the remains of Michael
McCamley, late of Newry, who departed this life
the 1st day of June, 1700. Aged — .
McCZor?/.— (Surmounted by Roman cross and
monogram J.H.S.). Here lyeth the body of Felix
McClory, who dept. this hfe May 22nd, 1786, Aged
61 years. Also Eals McClory, June 22nd, 1781,
Aged 6 years, and — Mary McClory, June 22nd,
1786.
890 DONAGHMOEE
Salvetrer (or Salvestrer) McClory's Burying
Place.
Black. — ' Eeader ! remember Thou must die.'
Here lyeth the body of David Black, who died
on the viith day of April mdcclxxi, Aged lxxxvi
years.*
Magfe?iis.— (Surmounted by Eoman cross.) Here
lyeth the body of Arthur Magenis, who died April 11th,
1814, Aged 73 years.
M C
No Name. — (Roman cross.) td* ^'
Scott. — Sacred to the memory of David 'cott
of Desart, who departed this life February 1807,
aged 64 years. Also in memory of Elizabeth Scott,
his wife, who departed this life January 1883, Aged
98 years.
Scott. — (Slate.) John Scott.
Harcourt. — (Headstone.) Sacred to the memory
of John Harcourt, who departed this life April the
first 1818, aged 72 years. Also Mary his wife, who
departed this life January the 21st 1833, Aged 82
years. Also his grandson, John Thomas Harcourt,
who departed this Hfe on the 15th of May, 1847,
aged 19 yrs.
(Flat stone.) Erected in memory of John Harcourt ,
who departed this life on the first day of July 1877,
aged 88 years. And of Jane Harcourt his wife,
who departed this life on the sixth day of July, 1881,
aged 72 years, also of their youngest son, Joseph,
who died at Liverpool on the 11th October, 1893.
Aged 52 years. Also their daughter, Mary Harcourt,
aged 17 years, who died in 1852. Also their daughter
DONAGHMORE CHURCHYAED 891
Jane Eliza Stewart, who died May 5th, 1909, aged
76 years. (Enclosure.)
Smyth.— Here lieth the body of Robert Smyth,
of Donaghmore, who departed this Hfe the 15th day
of February, 1804. Aged 72 years.
ffaZe.— (Roman cross and J.H.S.) Erected to the
memory of Ellen Hale, of Drumsallagh, who died
28th December, 1826, aged 56 years. Also Hugh, her
son, who died 16th March, 1884, aged 19. And also
Thomas, her son, who died 18th May, 1848, Aged 38.
' Bequiescant in face. Amen.'
O'iJaro.— (Roman cross and J.H.S.) Here Heth
the remains of Elizabeth O'Hara, daughter of
Patk. O'Hara, of Frankford, who departed this Hfe
March 25th, 1832, Aged 20 years.
McElroy. — (Three headstones.) (1) Sacred to
the memory of Margaret, wife of John McElroy, of
Dromantine, who departed this hfe on the 17th of
March, 1806, in the 81st year of her age. This stone
was erected by her son, Wilham, now a resident of
Albany, North America, during a visit to his native
land in December, 1840. The above John McElroy
departed this life the 11th September, 1848, aged
81 years.
(2) Erected by James McElroy, of Albany, America,
in memory of his beloved mother, Elizabeth McElroy,
who departed this hfe 18th May, 1859. Aged 85 years.
(3) Samuel McElroy, 1811-1899. Ann McCullough,
his wife, 1825-1902. Their children, Ehzal)eth, 1854-
1906, Susannah, 1868-93.
McKelvey.— Here lieth the remains of ^lary
McKelvey, who departed this life September 1812,
392 DONAGHMORE
and also her husband, James McKelvey, who departed
this Hfe November 1832.
McCourt — (Roman cross and J.H.S.)
' Gloria in excelsis Deo.'
Erected to the memory of Laurance McCourt, of
Ballylough, who departed this hfe on the 12th of
April, 1827. Aged 60 years. Also his daughter,
Catherine, who departed this hfe on the 3rd of June,
1822, Aged 18 years. ' May they rest in peace.'
Donnell. — (Roman cross.) In memory of James
Donnell, of Newry,.who departed this hfe 18th January,
1822. Aged 48 years. And Mary Donnell, rehet of
the above, died January 18th, 1847, Aged 77 years.
Also Jane Donnell, their daughter, died 24th January,
1829, Aged 22 years.*
Neil — Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Neil, of
Cargoban, who departed this hfe the 9th of April, 1812.
Aged 30 years. Also her husband, Samuel Neil, who
departed this life the 5th of October 1825, in the 69th
year of his age. This stone was erected by their son,
Samuel Neil, now a resident of West Continent
territory. West America, during a visit to his native
land in March 1842.
Marshall. — Erected by J. H. Marshall in memory
of his uncle, Joseph Marshall, died 11th Oct. 1885.
Also his grandfather, Andrew Marshall, died 16th
March, 1853.
Wright. — In memory of Mary, daughter of the
late Joseph Marshall, Tullymurry, and beloved wife of
Thomas Wright, Dromantine, who departed this life
15th March, 1905, aged 53 years.
' Erected by her husband and children.'
DONAGHMOEE CHURCHYAED 393
Parser.— Sacred to the memory of Mary, the
beloved wife of Hem:y Parker, of Bryansford, who died
the 29th day of April, 1860, Aged 65 years. Also
of Ann Parker, maternal Aunt of the said Henry
Parker, who died the 3rd day of May, 1860, at Bryans-
ford, Aged 90 years. Also Joseph, father of the said
Henry Parker, who died at Bryansford, March 8th.
1861. Aged 82 years. Also Ehzabeth, the wife of
Joseph Parker, and mother of the said Henry Parker,
who died at Bryansford on the 9th of July, 1864,
Aged 87 years. Also John Moody Parker, grandson
to the above named Henry Parker, who died on the
5th day of May 1867, Aged 8 years. And also Henry
Parker, Carleton House, Blaris, Lisburn, who departed
this life 21st November, 1869. Aged 61 years.
' Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His
saints.' Psalm 116, v. 15.*
Turlcy. — This is the Burying Place of Patrick
Turley, Carnacally, 1781. (Remainder effaced.)
Murdoch.— {Two stones.) (1) Here lieth the body
of Andrew Murdoch, who departed this life je 27th of
May, in ye year of our Lord 1717, Aged 69 years.
Also his wife, Isobell Hunter, who departed this hfe
ye 29th of May, 1732, Aged 82 years.
(2) Here lyeth the body of Sam Boyd, who
departed this hfe Sept. 2. Aged 63 years, 1741. Also
lyes the body of Jane Murdoch, who departed this life
March 24th, 1765, Aged 85 years. Here lyeth the
body of Robert Boyd — ye 31st February, 1703 —
body of Isobell Boyd, who departed ye 7th of July,
1731, Aged 14 years, both children of Sam
Boyd.
894 DONAGHMOEE
Thompson. — A. Thompson, who depd. this Hfe
4th Aug. 1817, Aged 59.
(Slate.) S.M.
O'Hara. — Erected by David O'Hara, of Crowreagh,
in memory of his beloved son, James, who departed
this hfe 7th May, 1888, Aged 23 years. Also his son
Edward, who died 25th August, 1882, Aged 16 years.
Magenis. (Eoman cross.) — This is the Burying
Place of Phele Magenis, of Carygarovady, 1769,
Aged 69. (Eemainder effaced.)
Johnston. — Here lyeth ye body of John Johnston,
who departed this life ye 10th day of N — in the
year of our Lord 1716, as also ye body of Agnes John-
ston, wife to ye above John Johnston, who departed
this hfe March 13th, 1728 (?), Aged 66 years.
Here lyeth the body of Robert Johnston, late of
Cloughan, — er, who departed this hfe April 9 (?) 1709.
Aged 59 years. Here lieth the body of Thomas
Johnston, who departed this life the 15th day of June,
1762, Aged 69 years and nine weeks.*
(East.)
Mathers. — This is the Burying Place of Wm.
Mathers. Here lye the body of his wife, Mary Mathers,
who departed this hfe the 15th of March, 1799, Aged
54 yrs. Also of their children.
Ham'pton. — Erected to the memory of William
Hampton, of Corgary, who departed this life on the
11th day of May, 1828, Aged 80 years. And also his
wife, Hannah Hampton, who departed this hfe on the
7th day of October, 1810, Aged 58 years. Likewise
DONAGHMOEE CHURCHYARD 895
their son, John Hampton, who departed this Hfe on the
23rd day of April, 1840, Aged 53 years.
Donnell. — In memory of Joseph Donnell of Bally-
lough, who died 1st Nov. 1893, Aged 84 years. Also
his son, Joseph Donnell, who died 20th Feb. 1904.
Aged 55 years.
Barr. — Erected by request of the late Miss Martha
Barr, Corcreechy, in affectionate remembrance of her
father and mother and other relations whose remains
lie within this enclosure. Martha Barr died June 11,
1897. ' Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord,'
(Rev. 14 and 13.) (Enclosure.)
Baicliff — Erected by Samuel Eatcliff in beloved
memory of his son, James Eatcliff, who departed this
hfe 16th December, 1872, Aged 26 years.
Jardine. — Erected by Martha Jardine, widow of the
late Hamilton Jardine, of Shankhill, to the memory of
Samuel Jardine, of Ringban, who departed this life
21st June, 1836, Aged 75 years. Also to the memory
of his son Hamilton Jardine, her beloved husband,
who departed this life 29th May, 1845, Aged 55
years.*
Morrison. — Here lieth the body of Joseph Morrison,
who departed this life on the 10th day of August, 1817,
Aged 79 years, and Jane, his wife, who died on the
21st of July, 1803, Aged 60 years. Also the remains
of John Morrison, M.D., who died the 18th Jany. 1828,
Aged 43 years.*
Wilson.— Reve lieth the body of Adam Wilson, who
departed this Hfe June the 1st, 1783, Aged 66
year3.*
McKittrick— To the memory of John :McKittrick,
396 DONAGHMORE
of Shinn, who departed this Hfe on the 14th April, in
the year of our Lord 1865, in the 69th year of his
age. Also his wife, Margaret McKittrick, who departed
this life in the same year, in the 63rd year of her
age. Erected by S. and J. McKittrick.
Cohnn. — Erected by James Colvin, Fom-mile-
House, in memory of his father and mother.
— (Slate.) H. L
Bradford. — Here lies Wilham Bradford, who dept.
this life June 9th, 1785, Aged 72 years. Also
Agnes his wife, Jany. 7th, 1781, Aged 63 years,
and 3 of their children.
' Weep not for us, your children dear,
We are not dead, but sleeping here ;
We rest in Peace, in hope to rise
To live with Christ in Paradise.'
Nugent.— To S'. Nugent, Dpd. 7th Mrh., 1826.
Mathers. — In affectionate remembrance of Thomas
Mathers, of Edenderry, who departed this hfe 17th
March, 1893, Aged 75 years. (Enclosure.)
Jackson. — In memory of John Jackson, of Ringclare,
who departed this life 1st Sept. 1847, Aged 63 years.
J5rume.— (Slate.) J. Ervine.
Megaw. — Here lieth the remains of John Megaw, of
Menin, who depd. this life April 1st, 1819, Aged
74 years. Also his son, Thomas Megaw, who departed
this life December 28th, 1850, Aged 72 years. Also
his beloved wife Sarah Megaw, who departed this life
29th Oct. 1876, Aged 80 years.
Kingon. — (Masonic emblems.) Erected by William
Kingon, of Loughorne, in memory of his daughter
DONAGHMOEE CHUECHYAED 397
Nancy, who died the 21st Jany. 1851, Aged 15
years. Also his granddaughter Mary J. Briars, who
died 17th Nov^ 1856, Aged 3 weeks, And his Son
John, who died at Cape Coast Castle, West of Africa,
19th July, 1863, Aged 24 years.
Dickie — (Slate.) Dickie.
Sands. — (Eoman cross and J.H.S.) This Burying
Ground belongs to the Sands.
Forde. — (Eoman cross and J.H.S.) This is the
burying Place of James Forde — 17 — (effaced).
Kearney. T.K. : A.G. 50, 1782. J. Kearney A. G.
76, 18 LI.
Here Hes the body of Adam — who departed
this life October ye 4th 1754, aged 79 years, and the
body of — (effaced).
Kerr. — The remains of Jane Kerr hes here. Her
happy spirit fled to joy above, June 6th, 1793, Aged
32 (?) years. ' Eeader, Prepare to meet thy God.'
INDEX OF PKINCIPAL CONTENTS
Amusements, ancient Irish, 30
Anderson, Rev. J., 207
Anderson, Professor, 53
Architecture, early Irish, 176-9
Aristocracy, ancient marks of,
13
Armagh Cathedral, 178
Askins, Rev. W. J., 208
Ballybetagh, a, 337
Barton, Rev. T., 207
Beggars, strolling, 219
Bells, church, 181, 182, 243, 246
Benefactions, 193
Betagh, a, 338
Bingham, G., 364
Book of Rights, 6
Bradford W., 312, 313
Brehon law, 18, 21
Brereton's torn-, 35
Bricren, 134
Bronte, Hugh, and the Har-
shaws, 330
Bryson, Rev. A., 359, 360
Bryson, Rev. J., 360, 362
Bryson, Surgeon, 306
Burgess, Rev. S., 207
Burglary, 221
Burial, ancient modes of, 370
Burnett, Rev. L., 279, 280
Garden, Colonel, 211
Carswell family, 94
Carter, Rev. J., 347
Cauls, 236
Celtic types and characteristics,
14
Census, 47-51
Chancel, erection of, 250
Characteristics of inhabitants,
100
Church of Ireland, historical
'" continuity of, 164
Church, Donaghmore parish, 180
Churchwarden, office of, 250-3
Churchwardens, 253-8
Churchyard, Donaghmore, 120,
370-97
Civilisation, ancient Irish, 28
Clan of Celtchair MacUthair, 24
Clan of Ercc, 25
Clan system, 14, 22
Clans, Ulster, 22
Clanagan, Manor of, 66-8, 337
Clanwiliiam, Earl of, 78
Clark, J., 248
Clerks, parish, 225-7
Coffin, Rev. J., 199
Colour, rank denoted by, 20
Congregation, 193
Copeland, R., 285
Corry family, 62
Corry, I., 63, 316
Costume, ancient Irish, 19-2b
Cowan, Rev. J. D., 200
Craig family, 65
Cross of Donaghmore (Celtic), 150
Crosses, ancient Irish, 158
Culdees, 170-3
Cunnmgham, Mrs., 65
Curates of Donaghmore, 207, 208
400
INDEX
Dancing, 30
Dane's Cast, 150-6
Dedications, Celtic, 175
Derry, Bishop of (Earl of Bristol),
96
Dickson, Rev. J., 207
Dinner, agricultural, 99
Dinner to H. Irvine, 64
Dispensary, 304-33
Districts, origin of, 336
Dixon, Rev. J., 207
Domnach-Mor, Bishop of, 169
Domnach-Mor, derivation and
meaning, 1
Donaghinore, physical aspect of,
36,^44
Donaghinore, topography, 44
Donaghinore of Magh Cobha, 2
Donaghraore Manor, 55-65
Donnybrook Fair, 32
Downe survey, 68, 70
Dromantine, 81
Dun — residence of a king, 133
Dunkin, Rev. P., 199
Education, ancient, 29
Elders, ruling, 282-6, 364, 365
Election, Ministerial, 287
Electoral divisions, 52
Elliott, Rev. J., 277-9
Excommunications, 193
Expressions, local, 104-8
Gaedner, Rev. 0., 200
Ghosts. 114-19
Glass, Rev. J., 207
Glebe, Donaghmore, 189, 191
Glen and Fourto\^ns, 337-69
Glen Manor, 66
Glen of the Black Pig, 152
Glenny family, 162, 210
Glynwood Massacre, 88-92
Gordon family, 94
Gordon, G., 210
Gordon, S., 209
Hackkt, Rev. — , 207
Hamilton, Hans, 75
Hamilton, Rev. M., 207
Harcourt family, 215
Harpur, J., 286
Harrison, Rev. H., 199
Harshaw diary, 293
Harshaw family, 284, 316-31
Harshaw, James. 316
Harshaw, John, 284
Haskett, Rev. — , 207
Hawkins family, 75, 77
Hay, Rev. J., 273
Henderson, Rev. W., 207
Herenachs, 185, 197-9
Heron, Rev. T., 359
Houses, ancient, 34
Howse, Rev. G., 207
Fairies, 144-50
Fairs, ancient. 30-32
Fairs. Irish, origin of, 32
Fairy superstitions, origin of, 144
Farming Society, 99
Finlay, Rev. M., 273
Fortescue family, 60
Forts, 128-31
Forts, age of, 140
Forts, builders of, 142
Forts, names of, 132
Forts, types of, 131
Forts, uses of, 132
Foundlings, 218
Innes family, 78-81
Innes-Cross, A. C, 80
Irish, ancient, two types of, 12
Irvine, H., 64
Iveagh, Viscount, 75
Johnston, Rev. F., 202
Johnston, Rev. J., 270
Johnston. Rev. N., 207
Kane, W. F. de V., 154
Kings, ancient Irish, 14, 24
INDEX
401
Land tenures, 17
Leslie, Rev. W., 207
Lett, Canon, 63, 153
Lowry, A., 297
Lucas, W., 81, 82
MacCon villi:, Rev. F., 340
McCiacken, Rev. R., 208
McCullough, Rev. H., 207
McDermott, Dr., 315
McDonnell, Rev. James, 346
McDonnell, Rev. John, 345, 347
M'Dowell, Rev. H., 279
McElroy, J.. 217
McGivern, Dr., 315
McLaughlin, Rev. F., 346, 347
McMaster, D., 247
Magenis, Murtagh McEnaspicke,
67
Magenis family, 3, 5, 66-75, 337
Magennis, Rev. F., 348
Magh Cobha, castles of, 7
Magh Cobha, exploits in, 7
Magh Cobha, King of Norway
slain in, 9
Magh Cobha, Kings of, 5
Magh Cobha, signification and
location of, 3
Magill family, 77
Magistrates, 53
Mahaify, Professor, 87
Manners, 108
Manor Courts, 57
Manses, 299, 365
Marshall family, 214
MarshaU, H., 298
Martin fauaily, 331
Martin, John, 47, 332-5
Martin, Rev. J., 207
Mathers, W., 212
Matthews, Rev. M., 199
Medical officers, 305-15
Mee, Rev. M. J., 204
Militia, 98, 229-32
Mills, Dr. J. A., 313
Mills, Dr. S., 310, 313
Mills, Dr. W. S., 314
Monasticism, Irish, 166
Moore, Rev. S. J., 274-6
Morrison, J., 217
Mountgarrett, Rev. J., 203, 207
Moycovians, the, 10
Murdock, A., 298
Murray, R. H., 87
Naismith, Rev. A., 200
National colour, 27
Nationality, Irish, 16
Norwood, Rev. D., 359
O'DONOVAN, J., visit to Donagh-
more, 161
O'Hagan, Rsv. J., 347
O'Hanlon, Redmond, 81, 84
O'Hanlon family, 86
O'Hare, Rev. C, 346
O'MakreU, 184, 196, 197
Parish priests, 346-9
Parochial House, 344
Parochial system, 37
Patterson, J., 210
Penances, 193
Petty' s census, 47, 48
Pews, 222
Place-names, sources of, 39
Plate, church, 196
Politics, 104
Poor Law Guardians, 53
Piesbyterian Church, Donagh-
more, 260-303
Presbyterian Church, Fourtowns,
358-65
Presbyterian Church officers, 302
Presbyterian clergy, 269-80,
359-64
Presbyterian discipline, 289
Presentments, stringent, 224
Price, Rev. J., 207
Pudsey, Rev. R., 199
QuiNN family, 205-6
Quinn, R«v. J. C, 205, 208
2d
402
INDEX
Radham, Rev. J., 199
Rath of the Kings, 141
Rectors of Donaghmore, 205,
206
Religion, 102
Rent-payers, first, 19
Return, Parliamentary. 185
Revival, 291
Revolution, 92
Richey, Rev. G., 271
Rigg,"Rev. J., 207
Roads, repairs of, 21 H
Robinson, J. J., 212
Roman Catholic Church, 343-6
Ryan, Rev. M., 347
Sacheverell, Rev. T., 201
St. Conall, rule of, 29
St. Donard. 173
St. MacErc, 165-70
St. MacErc of Slane, 166, 174
Salutation, forms of, 109
Savage family, 342
Saunderson, Dr., 306-10
Sayors, Rev. G. B., 208
School houses. 227, 239, 240,
300, 349, 350. 367, 368, 369
School teachers, 239, 240, 301,
349, 351, 367, 368, 369
Service books, 194-6
Shannon, R. W., 365
Sloane, Rev. W. H., 363
Small, F. B., 365
Smith. Rev. B., 203
Souterrains, 120-7
Souterrains, builders of, 127
Souterrains, description of, 124
Souterrains, uses of, 125
Superstitions, 111, 144
Surnames, Glen, 339
Surnames, Irish, 343
Synod of Ulster, 261
Synodsmen, diocesan. 259
Tenures, curious, 58
Tithe war, 188
Tithes, 185-9, 19
Tithes, agitation
Tithes, composition of, 244
Todd, Rev. H., 182
Tombstones in Barr Churchyard,
351-8
Tombstones in Donaghmore
Churchyard, 370-97
Tombstones in Fourtowns
Churchyard. 365-7
Tories, 84
Towers, round, 179
Townland distribution, 37
Townland names — Irish deriva-
tion and signification, 40
Trevor, Sir E., 59
Tribal government, 15
Twigg, Rev. P., 200
Ulster, King of, 23
Value of living, 183, 184, 192
Vaughan, Rev. G., 200
Vaughan, J., 64
Vestry books. 213-59
Vestry dispute, 227, 235-9
Vestry, select, 258
Vicars of Donaghmore, 196-206
Visitation, Royal, 185
Visitations of Presbytery, 293-7
Volunteer Convention, 96
Volunteers, 93
Wall of Ulidia, Great, 153
Wetherbv, Dean, 200
White, Rev. P., 276
White, Rev. V. W., 274
Whitechurch, Sir M., 60
Witchcraft, 113
Woods family, 312
Woods. T., 311
Young, R., 285
Young, Rev. W. P., 364
Spottiaii'oode d- Co. Ltd., Printers, Colchester, London ami Eton.