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Full text of "An encyclopædia of trees and shrubs; being the Arboretum et fruticetum Britannieum abridged: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically described: with their propagation, culture, and uses in the arts. Abridged from the large edition in eight volumes, and adapted for the use of nurserymen, gardeners, and foresters"

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ENCYCLOPiEDIA 


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TREES    AND    SHRUBS; 


BKIHO   TUB 


ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICTIM 

ABRIDGED : 


«  • 


.  •    •  • 
COXTAININO  • 

THE    HAKDY    TREES    AND    SHRUBS   OF   BRITAIN 

NATIVE  AND  FOBEION, 

SCIENTIPICALLT  AND  POPULARLY  DESCRIBED; 

WITH  THBIR  PROPAGATION,  CULTURE,  AND  USB8  IN  THE  ARTSt 

▲ND 

WITH  ENGRAVINGS   OF   NEARLY  ALL   THE   SPECIES. 

ABBIDOED  FBOM  THB  LABOE  EDITION  IN  EIGHT  YOLUlfES,  AND 

ADAPTED  FOB  THE  USE  OF 

^utstTsmm,  Gartiemrs,  anil  Jporesuts. 


\  ■» 

^ 


BY  J.^C>  LOUDON,    F.L.S.   H.S.  &c. 

CONDUCTOB  OF  THB  OABDBNEB*8  MAGAZINE,  ETC. 


LONDON: 
LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN,  AND  LONGMANS 

1863. 


•     t 

•    *       • 

» . 

i 


London: 

Spottiswoodm  and  Shaw, 
New-street-  Sqimre. 


PREFACE. 

Tbis  Abridgement  of  the  Arboretum  et  FruHcettnn  Briiannicum  contains:  — 

1.  Characters  and  short  Popular  Descriptions  of  all  the  species  and 
varieties  of  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  now  in  jBritish  gardens,  with  directions 
for  their  culture;  including  the  soil  most  suitable  for  them,  their  pro- 
pagation, and  thdr  uses  in  the  arts,  &c. 

2.  Engravings  of  all  the  species  which  are  described,  with  the  exception  of 
half  a  dozen.  The  whole  arranged  according  to  the  Natural  System  ;  all  the 
engravin|s  being  to  the  scale  of  two  inches  to  a  foot,  or  one  sixth  of  the 
natural  size. 

3.  The  Scientific  Names  and  Scientific  Synonymes  of  all  the  species ;  and 
their  Popular  Names  in  the  languages  of  tne  different  countries  where  they 
are  indigenous  or  cultivated. 

4.  An  Alphabetical  Index  to  all  the  species  and  varieties,  with  their 
^non^mes. 

5.  A  Tabular  Analysis  of  the  Leaves,  by  which  the  name  of  any  species 
of  tree  or  shrub  described  in  the  work  may,  in  general,  be  discovered,  from 
a  small  portion  of  a  shoot  with  the  leaves  on. 

6.  Specific  Characters,  Descriptions,  and  Figures  of  some  species,  more 
particulariy  of  pines,  firs,  and  oaks,  which  were  not  in  the  country  in  1838, 
when  the  large  work  was  completed. 

In  a  word,  though  thid  Abridgement  does  not  include  all  the  interesting 
and  useful  information  on  the  natural  history  of  trees  which  will  be  found  in 
the  larger  work,  or  any  of  the  portraits  of  entire  trees  which  constitute  so 
distinguished  a  feature  in  it,  yet  it  contains  all  that  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
reader  to  discover  the  names  of  the  different  spedes,  and  to  ascertain  their 
culture,  propagation,  and  uses  in  Britain ;  in  snort,  all  that  is  essential  for 
the  nurseryman,  gardener,  and  forester. 

The  most  remarkable  circumstance  connected  with  this  Abridgement  is, 
that  the  Author  has  been  able  to  obtain  figures  of  nearly  all  the  species. 
For  the  drawings  or  specimens  from  which  these  additional  figures  were 
taken,  he  is  indebted  to  the  kind  assistance  of  various  Public  Institutions, 
and  of  several  of  the  most  eminent  botanists  and  possessors  of  herbariums 
and  living  collections  in  Europe  and  North  America. 

The  Institutions  to  which  he  is  under  obligations  are,  the  Linnean  and 
Horticultural  Societies  of  London,  the  British  Museum,  tlie  Museum  of 
Natural  History  of  Paris,  and  that  of  Berlin :  and  the  Botanists  who  have 
kindiv  lent  him  drawings  or  specimens  include  the  late  A.  B.  Lambert,  Esq. ; 
Sir  W.  J.  HooKBR ;  Dr.  Lindley  ;  the  late  Professor  Don  ;  George  Don, 
Esq.,  who  prepared  the  dharacters  of  the  Orders  and  of  the  Genera; 
Messrs.  Loddigbs  ;  the  late  Professor  DbCandollb  ;  M.  Alphonse  Db 
Candolle  ;  W.  BoRRER,  Esq. ;  P.  B.  Webb,  Esq. ;  Baron  Db  Lbssert  ; 
M.  MicHAux;  Signor  G.  Manetti  ;  M.  Otto;  M.  Charles  Rauch;  M. 
Francis  Rauch,  who  made  most  of  the  drawings;  and  Drs.  Torrby 
and  Gray  :  to  all  of  whom ;  to  the  Curators  of  most  of  our  Botanic  and 
Horticultural  Gardens,  and  those  of  many  foreign  ones ;  and  to  all  Nurnery- 
men  and  Gardeners,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  who  may  have  rendered  him 
assistance,  he  begs  to  return  his  most  sincere  thanks. 

To  the  Council  of  the  Horticultural  Society  of  London  he  is  under  especial 
obli^tions,  for  their  permission  to  make  drawings  from  the  cones  and  other 
specmiens  sent  home  by  their  collectors,  Douglas  and  Hartweo,  and  for 
authorising  him  to  procure  information  from  their  intelligent  and  experienced 
•uperintendent  of  tne  arboricultural  department  of  the  Garden,  Mr.  George 
Gordon,  A.L.S.  ;  and  to  Mr.  Gordon  he  is  indebted  for  the  ready  and 
obliging  manner  in  which,  at  all  times,  he  rendered  bis  assistance. 

Bayiwater,  April,  1842.  J.  C.  L. 

A  2 


IV 


CONTENTS. 


Enumeration  of  the  Genera  and  Species,  with  their  Tarieties  and  synonysies,  In  the  order 
In  which  they  are  described  In  the  work  ,'_,    ,      "  ^     ,  '        .    Tu  .   .t    ' 

An  Analysis  of  the  commoner  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  Britain,  with  reference  to  their  Uses 
In  useful  and  ornamental  Plantations     -    ,  „^  -^    ^      ".^  ^  ,    '^.     »w_7j 

An  Analysis  of  the  Genera  of  the  Trees  and  Shrubs  described  in  this  Abridgement, 
according  to  their  Leaves         -...,."       ^     " 

Explanation  of  Abbreviations,  Accentuation,  Indications,  ttc  ... 

The  Species  described  In  detail     -.----- 


EXO'GEN£. 

DiCULAMT'DBA. 


J?anuncullkces 

ClematfdecB    - 

'Wlnterdcetr  - 

PwoniAcfte     - 

Magnolr^£«  - 

Anondceaf 

HenispermioesB 

Berbcrdceee  - 

AurantUcesB  - 

Cruciilcese 

Cistftcec 

JtfalT&cese 

TilUcess 

Ternstromfd«e<9 

iifyperlcicese  - 

AcvAcem 

Capparidicese 

>Escul&ce«B    - 

SapindicesB    - 

fitices 

XanthoxyUces 

CoriAcesB 


Staphyle^cese 

Celastriicese  - 

^quifoliiceae 

ithamnicecB  - 

Homaliniceae 

Anacardi^ese 

Leguminitoeae 

itos&ccB 

Calycanthftcee 

Granatkcese  - 

TismaridlcesB 

PhiladelphlUMSB 

Nitrarttu^a  - 

Grossulikcese  - 

Kscallontdctftf 

Hydr^gese  - 

UmbellaceK  - 

Hamamelid^ces 

Araliicec      - 

Comiceae 

Loranthiicec 

GaprifbUAces 


CoBtmts. 
Page  y.    Wii. 
T.   IvU. 
▼1.    Ivii. 
▼I. 

Ti.    iTil. 

yi. 

yi. 

yi.   Ivii. 
Ivll. 
yii. 

vii. 

vil. 

yii. 
vlii. 

viU.    Ivll. 

vUl.   IvU. 

Ivili. 

iz.  Iviii. 

Ix. 

Ix.  IviU. 

ix. 
z. 


Caljfcifli^eB. 


X. 
X. 

X.  IviiL 
xi.  ivUi. 
xii 

xU.  Ivili. 
xii.  IvUi. 
xvi.  IvllL 
xxv. 
xxv. 
xxv. 
xxvl. 
xxvi. 

xxvi.  IviU. 
xxviL 
xxvill. 
xxviii. 
xxviil. 
xxviii.  Ivili. 
xxviii.  IviU. 
xxlx. 
xxxi. 


nil 


1  nil 

2  nil 

20  nil 

17 

21  nil 

38 
89 
41 

ni8 

58 

M 

63 

68 

71 

74  1112 

78  1112 
113 

123  1113 
134 

135  1113 
141 
145 


147 
148 

166  1118 

166  1113 

182 

184  1113 

194  1114 

289  1114 

452 

456 

457 

459 

467 

468  1115 

489 

492 

494 

498 

49>i  1116 

601  1116 

508 

512 


Saxobtcem    - 
Lonicdroe     - 
.Subi^eie 
Comp6sita»    - 
£ricAcefl0 
Stftkceas 
HalesfVlcAr    - 
Smoldcett 
EbeniceK 

Jasmln^cesB  - 
.i^fpocynicese  - 
Aadepiaddcem 
Bignom'^«e«  - 
Soian&cea  - 
Scrophulariilcec 
Labllces  - 
Terbenicese  - 


Centanfs. 
xxix.  IvilL 
xxix.  Ivili. 
xxxi. 
xxxi. 
xxxl.  Iviii. 

XXXV. 
XXXV. 

XXXV. 

xxxv. 

XXXV.  Iviii. 
xxxvii. 
xxxvil. 
xxxvii.  IviU. 
xxxvii. 
xxxvU.  Ivili. 
xxxviii. 
xxxvlii. 
xxxviii. 


MONOCBLAMY'DKJB. 


Ghenopodi&cess 

/'olygonices 

ZAuraces 

Tliymel&cess- 

SantaliicetB    - 

flseagnkcess  - 

ifristolochUicese 

£uphorbfd«a0 

Artocfcrpes  - 

C/lmicesB 

Jugland^oesi 

^afldkceae 

2?etuUU;ese     - 

CoryUcen     - 

Qaxvjdlceie    - 

Platanibceae  - 

JSalsamteesB 

Afyricicese    > 

GnetdeoB 

raxAcesB 

Conlferse 

ilbl6tinsB 

Oipr6sslnaB  - 

fmpetriceie- 


xxxviU. 
xxxvUl.  Ivili. 
xxxix. 
xxxlx.  Ivlli. 
xl. 

xl.  Iviii. 
xl. 
xl. 
xl. 

xll.  IviU. 
xlii. 
xliii. 

xlvl.  Iviii. 
xlvil.  Iviii. 
11. 

li.  IvUl. 
11. 
U. 
11. 
IL 

11.  IviiL 
U. 
Iv. 
Ivi. 


AnIUkeesB 
LUiiteeK 


ENDG'GENf. 

-IvI. 
IviL 


Page    T 

liz 

Ixvii 

IZJEii 


Tnct. 
513  1116 
625  1116 
644 
645 

652  1116 
617 
619 
622 
624 

627  1116 
654 
666 

658  1117 
660 

663  1117 
670 
672 
676 


674 

677  1117 
681 

686  1117 
693 

696  1117 
701 
702 
706 

714  1117 
731 
744 

831  1117 
846  1117 
926 

927  1118 
981 
984 
937 
938 

946  1118 
947 
I06r 
1090 


1098 
1088 


Supplementary  Figures      ... 
Supplementary  Species      ... 
List  of  Authorities  for  Generic  and  Specific  Names 
List  of  Books  referred  to  - 


-  1106 
.  nil 
.  1119 

-  1124 


Glossartal  Index 
General  Index 


1186 
1142 


••• 


By  turning  to  the  pages  of  the  Contents,  the  whole  of  the  species  and  varieties,  with  their 
synonymes,  of  anv  genus  or  order,  may  be  seen  at  a  glance ;  and,  by  turning  to  the  General  Index  at 
tne  end.  any  particular  species,  whether  known  by  its  general  name  or  its  synonyme,  may  be  found 
at  once,  both  in  the  Contents  and  in  the  body  of  the  work. 


ENUMERATION 


OP   THE 


GENERA,  SPECIES,  AND  VARIETIES,  WITH  THEIR  8TN0NYME8, 

SCIENTIFIC  AND  POPULAR, 

m  THB  OBDBB  IN  WHICH  THET  ARE  DB8CBIBED. 


In  tbe  fclknrliig  TaUe  the  SynonriiMt  are  printed  in  Itellcs.  English  ipeeiflc  nmnet  are  omitted 
^ben  they  ar«  merely  translattona  or  the  identiflc  names.  French,  German,  and  Italian  generic 
names  are,  with  few  exoeptlons,  not  given  when  they  are  tbe  lame.  or  nearly  the  tame,  as  the  acien- 
tl6c  ofoee :  and  tlie  tpeciflc  names  are  only  giTen  in  these  languages  when  tney  are  synonymes,  and 
not  mere  trandatioDS. 

Class  I.     EXO'GEN^, 

Subdiv.  I.     DICHLAMY'DEiE. 

SubcL  I.    THALAMIFLO'RJE. 


8eot»  I. 

CmneUoy  titU  u^  the  eompcment 
Farts  <tf  compoumd  CapnUet 
or  Fntugf  mmmerou$ ;  or  ike 
Simmtetu  placed  oppottte  the 
Petali. 

Kanunculdcea. 

Tribe  I.    CLKUA.n'j>mM, 

I.  Clb'matis  L,      '    2 
FlrgiH**      Bower,      Lodt'et' 
Bower:  CMmMte^Fr.i  WalA- 
rebe^  Ger. ;  Ocmatidet  Ital. 

§  L  Flammmla  Dee. 

].  FlammulaXr.       -    3 

C.  ftmw  Gerard,  C.  mariUma 
Alt.  Ped^  C.  tmaoioUnM  Sal. 
Prod.,  C.  pamtctUdta  Thun. : 
8weei^$eemted  Virgin**  Bower: 
CUmatUeodoramU,  Fr.;  ScMatfe 
H'aidrebe,  Ger. 
2  rotundilolia  Dee,      3 


C.  frd^rama  Ten. 

3  maritmui  Dec     -     S 

4  rubella  Dee.         -     3 

5  c«spitd«a  Dec     -     4 
C.  caepitUa  Scop. 

C.  PUnmnmlaBat. 
^  paniculata   -         -     4 
C.  pantctUala  Thna 

2.  orientalis  L.        -    4 

C  JIdva  Moench,  C.  gtatea 
WiUd.,  C.  ochroieica  Hort. : 
peOov^Jlowered  K  B. 

3.  cfain^nsis  Retz,     -    5 
C.  eimhtsis  Lour.  coch. 

4.  Vit4lba  Zr.    -      .    5 

TraTeller*s  Joy.  —  C.  Mtera 
Matth.,  C.  Urtia  Com.,  Vtirma 
Ger.  ft  Loh.,  Wttsw^o  Fuch.: 
Old  Mam'9  Beard,  BfadwitM, 
Cummuu  Y.B^  WQd  Climber, 
Great  HVd  Cliatber :  a^matite 
brmlamte.  Ft. :  Gemeine  9Vald- 
rtbe,  Ger. ;  Vie  biamca,  ItaL 

5.  viraniana  L,       -    6 

C.  camadtneie  MilL  Diet.  C. 
cord^bUa  M omch  supn^,  C.  IH' 
lermita  HorL:  Broai^lod  Ca- 
nada K  B, 


8  bractdLto  Dec     -     6 
C.  bractedta  Meench. 

6.  grata  Wall.  -    7 
a  odorUa  Hort.,  a  trUer- 

uila  Hort,  C.  nepaUntU  Hort. 

7.  Vi6niaZr.     -      -    7 

C.  pmrpkrea  ripens  Ray: 
Leatkerjffiowered  V.B.y  Ameri~ 
can  Traveller's  Joy,  Virginian 
Climber,  Purple  Oimber:  CU- 
maUte  Viome,  Fr.;  GlockenMI- 
tkige  fValdrebe,  Ger. 

2  cordata      -  -     7 

C.  eordita  Sims  B.  M. 
C.  SbnM  Swt  H.  B. 

8.  cylfndrica  ^mt     -    8 
C.  criepa  Lam.,  C.  ViSma 

Bot.  BeiK,  C.  dioaricita  Jacq. : 
Long-fiowered  V.  B.:  CUmattte 
i  bmgua  Fleurs,  Fr. 

9.  reticulata  Walt.  -    9 

a  rdsea  Abbott,  C.  Shnsii 
Hook. 

10.  HendersoDti  Chan.  9 

§  iL  VUicina  Dec. 

11.  fl6rida  Tkun.     -  10 

AbrSgene  indica  Desf,  Aird- 
gene  J&rida  Pera. :  CIdmatiU  3 
graiMfas  Fleurs,  Fr. ;  GrossUU- 
Mge  Waldrebe^  Ger. 

2  ilore  pleno  Hart  -  10 

3  fl.  pi.  violaceo      -  10 
C./  SidMOA  D.  Don. 

C.  SMMtfll  Pajr<. 
C.  bioohr  HorU 

12.  csrulea  Zrtnd/.    -  1 1 
C  aaHtrea  grtmdiffbra  Si^., 

CL  grandif^a  Hort. 

13.  Viticellalr.       -  11 

riUcOla  deltoidea  Moroch: 
Red-Jlowered  Ladies'  Bower, 
Oeraids  Jialieniseke  Waldrebe, 
Ger. 

1  ceriilea       -         -  12 
S  purpikrea    -         -  12 

3  multiplex  G.  Don  12 
C.p«<cA^/laPers. 

4  tenuifolia  Dec.     -  12 
C.  ten.  lauitdmica  Toum. 

A  3 


5  baecata  i>ec.         -  12 
C.  campanlfibra  Hort. 

14.  campanifldra  ^ro<.  12 

C.  vAwwdMo  Scfarader,  C. 
parvifibra  Dec 

2  parviBora  Fie  Got.  12 

15.  crispa  L.  -  -  13 
C.  fibre  critpo  DUL  Elth. 

§  lit  CheirSpii9  Dec. 

16.  cirrh6sa  /«.  -      ••IS 

Alrdgeme  cirrkisa  Pers. :  7Va- 
veller's  Joy  q^  Candia,  and  5jmu 
ntfiA  Traveller's  Joy,  Gerard: 
Spanish  H'ild  amtber,  Parkins. ; 
Ewergreen  Clematis :  CUmatite 
d  Vrales,  Fr. ;  BittfachUattrige 
Waktrebe.  Ger. 

2  pedteelUto  Dec  .  14 
C.  pediceliata  8wU  H.  B. 
C.  baledriea  Pers. 

C.  drrhdsa  Sims  B.  M. 

3  angustifolia  -      -14 
C.  balearioa  Rich.  B.  M. 
C.  ca^rina  Ait. 

C.  po^fm&rpha  Hort. 
CUmatite  de  Mahon,  Fr. 

§  !▼.  ANenumt/fdro, 

17.  mont^na  Ham.   -  15 

C.  aMemon\fibra  D.  Don. 

OM^  Species. — C.  holoserfccM 
Pursh,  ilgusticlfdUa  Nuttall, 
DrummOudiY  Tor.  A  Gray, 
nanriflbra  NnttalL  laslftntha 
Nutt^  linearlloba  Dec,  Pitch- 
er^  Tor.  A  Gray,  pubesceni, 
eitilblia,  Bncban/diui        -  15 

II.   i^TRA^GBNB  Z^.    -    16 
CUmatis  Lam.  A  Dec :  Jtra^ 
gene,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1.  alp!na  L,  »  -  16 
CUmatis  aer^lea  Bauh.^  Cle- 
matis a:phia  Mill  Diet.  A  Dec, 
A.  austriaca  Scop.  A  B.  M.,  A. 
clematides  Crants :  Alragene 
des  Alpes,  Ft.  i  Alpen  Atrageme, 
Ger. 

2  White  flws.  Dec.     16 

3  sibirica  ?     -         .16 
A.  sibirica  L. 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


2.  sibfricaZ,.   .        -  17 

A.  afyfina  Gmel.  St  PalU  CIS- 
mati$  sibtrica  MllL  Diet,  ft  Dec. 
2  Blue  flws.  B.M.     17 
A.  ochottmis  Pallas  ? 
A.  alpina  L.  ? 

3.  americkna  iSSfnu    -  17 

ClJmatiM  verttdUaHM  Dec. 
2  obllqua  Don,  MS,  17 

0/A<rr  Spedet  and  Varietiet.^ 
A.  ochutftiub  /><!/<.(  A.  Mibtrica 
▼ar.  ?),  il.  columbliina  Nutt. 
{CUmatiM cohimbidna  Tor.  ft 
Grayi.  p.  11.)  .        .17 

Tribe  II.  PjEOviA^cxjK. 
I.  Pmo'hia  L.  -  18 

The  Tmonjr—Petn^f.Piony : 
GidUterrote^  Ger. )  itota  del 
Monie,  Span.  ^  Peonta,  Ital. 

I.  Afoulan  Sims       -  18 

Tree  Paeony. — P.  arbbren  Dn. 
P.  nt^Hf/icdM  B.  Rep. :  Pivoine 
Motttan,  Fr. ;  BaunuurligeGidU- 
terrottt  Ger. ;  Hoa-Ouang,  and 
Pe-Leang-Ktn.  (Chinese. 

1  /wpaveracea  ^.22.  18 

2  Biaxksii  B  R.     .  19 

II.  Xanthorhi^zaZt.  19 

The  Yellow-Root. 

I.  flpiifblia  VHM.  -  20 
XaiUMorisei  PemOetdePeniL 
Fr. ;  SeUerie-NatMgeGelbumrz, 
Ger. 

JVinteriicege, 
I.  Illi'^cium  X.       -  20 

Aniseed  Tree  :  Badfane,  Anii 
tUriUt  Fr. ;  Stenumis,  Ger.  r 
Badiano,  ItaL 

I.  floridknum  .S^      20 

Florida  lUieium,  Red-Jlotoered 
Anue-teed  Tree  Mor.  HUt.:  Bo- 
diane  de  la  Ploride,  Fr. ;  Vn- 
achter  Stemanis,  Ger. 

L  Magno^/.<  L.      -21 

The  Magnolia.  —  MagnoHe, 
Fr..  Ger.,  ft  Ital.;  Bieberinnim, 
Hart 

§  i.  MoffnoTiiiBtrum, 
1.  grandiflora  Zr.      -  22 

Laurel  Bm,  Big  luntrel.  Large 
MagnoHa^  Laurter  tulipier,  Fr. ; 
Groubhtmiger  Magnoiie,  or 
Bieberbatun^  Ger. ;  Magnolia 
TtUipanOt  Ital. 

2  obovita  AiL         .  S2 

3  exoni^nsis  Hort,  -  23 
M.  g.  laneeoidsa  Ait 

M.  g.  ttricta  Hort 
M.  g.fermginea  Hort 

4  angiutifolia  Hort.   28 

5  pras'coz  Andry,    -  23 

Ortffr  Vars.  —  M.  g.  vdra, 
M.  g.  UtiAlla,  M.  g.  ezoni- 
ensls  Tar..  M.  g.  niblglndaa, 
M.  g.  rotundifblU  Swt.,  M.g. 
elliptica  ifiY.,  M.  g.  kmgUblla 
uuduUta,  M.  g.  exonicntu  i 


fleurdeml-double,  M.  g.  cana- 
licul£,  M.  g.  florlbunda,  M.g. 
fbliig.Tar1eg&tia,  M.  g.  mogor- 
d^oais  -       -       -         S3 

2.  glauca  Zr.    -      -     25 

si.  frdgrane  Sallsb. :  Swamp 
Sassqflrat,  Beaver-wood,  fVkHe 
Biiif,  Small  Magnolia,  Swamp 
Magnolia:  Maputlie  glanque, 
Fr. ;  AOero  de  uutora,  Ital. 

2  sempervirens  Hort.  25 

3  Thomsontdna  Thp.  25 
M.gL  par.  m^for   B.  M. 

OlAer  Fare. — M.  gl.  Gordo- 
nidna.  M.  gl.  BurchellufiM, 
M.   gl.  longifblU  Purtk,  M. 

{1.  Cardbn^  ( Jf.  Cordon   J. 
Lnight)  .  '26 

3.  trirctala  Z.       -    27 

M.  umbrella  Lam.,  M.  fron- 
ddta  Sallcb. :  Umbrella  Tree, 
Umbrella  MagnoU€i,  Elkwood: 
MagnoUe  Paraeoi  Fr. 

4.  macroph/lla  Mjp.    28 

M.  MickatAi  HorL  :  Large, 
leaved  Umbrella  Tree,  Amer. 

5.  acuminata  L.      -    29 

M.  Hutica,  M.pemut/lvanica, 
Bine  Magnolia,  Cueumber  Tree, 

US 

'2'Cand611t  Savi     .     29 
3  m&xima  Lodd,     -     29 

Other  Fars —  M.ttriita.  M. 
latUbUa  .  .       89 

6.  cordata  Mx.       -    30 

7.  auricul^ta  Lam.  .    31 

M,  PrdteA  Walt,,  M.  attncu- 
Idria  Sallsb.:  Indian  PJ^ue, 
N.  Amer. 

2  pyraniidiita         .      31 
M.  mframiddta  Bartr. 
M.Frd»et\  p^amidiUa  Nt 

§  ii.  GwiUinaA  Rett. 

8.  conspicua  Satith,      33 
Yulan  Magnolia.  —  M.  pricia 

Correa.  M.  Yulan  Detf.:  Yu 
Lan,  Chinese :  LiUf.Jlwd  M.  : 
MaenoUer  Yu/ant,  Fr. ;  Yulans 
BiMerbanm,  Ger.;  if.  dai  Pi- 
oridiGigUo,  Ital. 

2  Soulangecina  -  33 
M.  SonlangehMAn  H.  P. 
M.SonlangeinaSwt.B.F.a. 

Other  Varieties,  or  Hubrida. 
—  M.  c.  S.  speciosa,  M.  c.  S. 
Alexandrloa  •       -       83 

9.  purpikrea  Shns     .    35 
M.  obovdla  Thun.,  M.  disco- 

tor  Vent,  AT.  denuddta  Lam.  : 
Obovate-Jvd  M.:  Magnotier  diS' 
colors,  Bon  Jard.,  MagnoUe  bi- 
colors  Dun.,  Fr. ;  R»&  Bieber- 
barnn,  Ger. 

2  gracilis         -       -     35 
M.  Kbbus  Dee, 
M.  tomenibsa  Than. 

Other  rarieaes M.  p.  de. 

nud&U  Low..  M.  p.  discolor 
Vent.,  M.  p.  illilibra  Lam., 
a  dwarf  ?ar.  (jif.  obovdtap^- 
nwZa  of  CassorettI)       .       35 

II.  Liriodb'ndron  Z.  36 
The  Tulip  Tree. 


1.  Tulipifera  L.     -     36 

The  Poplar,  JVhite  Wood  and 
Canoe  Wood,  Amer.;  Ftrginian 
Poplar,  Tulw^bearingLiluTree, 
and  Satfdle  Tree,  Eng.:  T\ilipier 
de  Firginie,  Fr. ;  Firginischer 
TidMeerbaum,  Ger. ;  TuUpiere, 

2  obtusfloba  Afx.-  36 

L,intfgrifbiia   Hort 
Yellow  Wood. 
Yellow  Poptar, 
Other  Fars.  —  Ij.  T.  acuU- 
(bite  Mm.,  L.  T.  flira  Hort.  36 

Anonaceae. 

1.  Asi'MlNA  Adanson  38 

Kdrjmm 
K  Pers.,  t/vd- 


Anndna  L.,    Orchidocdf 
ria    Tor.  ft    Gray:     Ctutard 


Mx.,  PoreHUe 


Apple:   Asiminier,  Fr.;  Fto- 
I  ckenbanm,  Ger. 

1.  Crfloba  Dun.  -  38 
Annbna  triloba  t,.,  Porci/ln 
triloba  Pers.,  Orehidocdrpmn 
earietinmn  Mx.,  Uvhria  triloba 
Tor.  ft  Gray:  Papau,  Amer.; 
Asiminier  de  Firginie  Fr.}  An- 
nana,  Ital. 

Other  Species^.- A.  panrifldra,  A. 
grandifldra  -        -       89 

Menispermhcece. 
I.  Menispe'rmum  L.  39 

The  Moonsoed.— ilf<M]f7»rryii^, 
Fr. ;  Mondsaame,  Ger. 

1.  canadense  Zr.     .     40 

M.  eanad/nse  tmr,  a  Lamark, 
M.  anguldtum  Moench. 

2  fob^tum  Dee.     .     40 
M.  virginicum  L. 

3  «railicinum         -     40 
M.  smUdeimtm  Dee. 

2.  dai^ricum  Dec.    -     40 

Trilophns  Ampeltsdgrfa  Fis^ 
M.eanadhuefi  Lam. 

If.  Co'ccuLus  ^/?f<A.  40 

The  Cocculus.  —  Menispir- 
mum  L.,  WendldndisL  WtUd., 
Andr6phila»  Wendl. 

1.  caroHnus  Z)  c.    -    41 

Menisp.  caroOnum  L.,  Wend- 
IdndU  popn^fbtia  Willd.,  An. 
drdphHax  scandens  Wendl., 
BaumgdrtUi  scdndens  Moench : 
Cocoola,  Ital. 

Berberaceas. 

I.  BE'EBERlslt.     -     42 
The    Berberry. —  P/MMT^r 
Bush :  Eyine  vinette,  Fr.;  Ber- 
beriize,  Ger.;  Berbero,  Ital. 

1.  sibirica  PaU.      -     42 
B  aUAica  Pal. 

2.  vulgaris  Zr.         -     42 

B.  eetaUnsis  PresI,  B.  fwacro. 
Mf97Niof  some:  PipperidgeTrce, 
Dr.  Turner:  B'pine vinette  Fr.; 
€7«m«riipi«  Berberitxe,  Ger. 

2  liktea      -  -     43 

3  iUba       .  -43 

4  riolicea  -     43 

5  purpurea  -     43 
B.  inmomindia  Kalm. 


CONTENTS. 


VU 


6  nSgn         -  •  43 

7  d^eia        -  -  43 

8  asp^rma    -  -  43 

9  longifolia  -  -  43 

10  glaSca        -  -  43 
B.  glaUoa  Booth. 

11  m)txs      -  -  43 

12  provlnciAlia  -  43 

3.  emai^in4ta  WUid,  44 

4.  cretica  L.  ^  44 

B.  c.  bunlfdfia  Toivn. 

5.  cratse'ginaJDnr.  -  45 

6.  ib^ica  Stev,        -  45 
B.  «^r.  f  V.  Afrfea  Dec,  B» 

7.  canadensis  JIttf.    45 
B.  tmtgirit  Mx.,  B.  v.  cawfl 

itfiuft  llart.  MilL 

8.  sinensis  Det^      -  46 
B.  vmlgiris  Thoab. 

9.  dCJaa  D.  Don     -  47 

10.  6uxifdlia  Xam.   -  47 

1 1 .  actinadintha  MartAl 

]  2.  heteropb  y  IJa  Jut,   48 
B.  UictraAb  Font,  B.  trtem- 
fiddia  Sm. 

13.  ^mpetrifolia  Ijam,  48 

14.  dealbata  Lindl,  -  48 

B.gittUca  Hoit. 

15.  asiadca  J2ar&.  -  49 
ne  Ljfdum  qf  DiotcoHdn: 

B.  tineiibria  Leca. :  lAr  AoMa 
Berberrg. 

16.  aristata  i>c.      -  49 

B.ChUrla  BacA..  B.  angiuti- 
fbliu  Roxb^  B.  titUfui*  Deif. 

Other  Specie*  nf  BMwrte.  —  B. 
C6rUrla  JSm/^,  chinfosii  &iZr., 
nucUdlia  Iaoh^  cor7inb6M 
Hook,  ef  Am.^  gtomer«ta 
Jtook.  el  Am.,  Gteriil^dna 
GUI. 

II.  Mauo'via  Nutt.   50 

The  Mahoaia,  or  Askbenv.^ 
B^berU  qf  AmOmn,  OdoUetmm 
Baf. 

1.  fascicul^ris  Dec,     50 

B6rberiB  pitmdta  Lag.,  B£r- 
berit/oscfctf/dr^  Pen.  Cjc 

2.  i^quifdlium  .Yu//.  51 
B^rberis  AquffMimm  Ph. 

2  DutkAoa  Dee. 

3.  nervosa  A^u//.      -  52 

BtTbeTUnerv6$aFh',  M.glU' 
miteea  Dec,  B^Tberto  ghamdeea 
Pen.  C>c. 

4.  repens  G,  Don  •  52 

B^rberis  Aqt^fblimn  Lindl., 
BerberU  r^pm*  Pen.  Cyc,  B. 
A4M(f.  ''^^p^'w  Tor.  ft  Gref. 

2  r.  nucicularis      -  53 

Olker  Spedes  qf  Ifoikdnia. — M. 
tenoifblla.  M.  nepalfoiii,  M. 
acaathifi>Ua,  M.  fraaacantbtf- 
Ides,  H  earagamttSiiti    -  68 


CarpeOa  soU'tnru^  or  connate  i 
fiaoenta  parietal  {that  Part 


qftMe  CapnOe  utkiA  Ike  Seeds 
are  attacked  to  adkermg  to 
tkeSideeorWaliMo  tkeOvarp 
or  Germem\  attacked  to  tke 
WaUt  or  Ceils  qftke  Ovary. 

CrucidcecB. 
I.  Fb'lla        -       -  53 

TheVeUa 
1.  Pseudo-Cytisus  Zr.  54 

Creu- Rocket V.  mtegrU 

JdUa   Sal.  :  Faux-Cvtise^  Fr. ; 
Strauekartigf  Velle^  Ger. 

Cistace<B* 
I.  Ci'sTus  /«.     >     -  54 

The  Cicttu,  or  Rock  Rose.— 
HoUifRou,GvnxA ;  Gum  Cislus: 
C&<e,  Fr.;  Cisten  Rose,  Ger.; 
Osfty,  Ital. 

1.  purpiireas  Lam,     55 

C.  era/ems  Hort.  Kev. 

2.  inc^us  L.   -      *  55 

a  dlUdtu  Hort.,  C.  cyfm^rw 
Dee. 

3.  corbari^nsis  Pour,  55 
C.  tahit^fUUus  fi  Dec.  C.  po- 

puMJUmt  minor  of  some  none- 
riet,  C.  kgbridus  Poarr. 

4.  />opuIifbliu8  L,    -  56 

5.  /aurif^lius  L,      -  56 

6.  ladaniferus  L,     -  57 

Ladano,  ItaL 
1  albifldrus  Dee,     -  57 

C.  hidon  Cltu.  HUt. 
8  maculiitus  Dec    -  57 
3  plenifolius  Ait,    -  57 

7.  c^prius  Lam,      -  57 

C.  ladaniferus  Bot  Mag.,  C. 
stenopkgUus  lA.,  C.  saUcifb- 
Uusotwomib, 

Otker  Species  qf  Cistus.-—  C.  be. 
teropnf  Ilui,  C.  criticuf ,  C, 
crlspus,  C,  Capanl^iM.  C, 
hirstitus,  C.Uxus,  C.^iUbnu, 
C.  oblonglf&Iius,  C.  undula* 
Utiit,  C.ralTiKfbUus,  C.  longi- 
(blioi,  C.  psUoeepalua    -   75 

11.  Helia'nthemtjm  58 

The  Helhrnthemuni,  or  Swn 
Rose.^dstisp.  L.:Hetiantkemie, 
Vr.i  Sonnen  Gmrtel,  Ger.;  EU. 
antemo,  Ital. 

1.  vulg^  Gteri,  -  58 
Cistus  Hettdntkemum  L.  4v. 

Varieties.  —  Pale  yellow 
double-flowered,  Lee*s  new 
double  yellow. 

2.  surrejiinuin  JMRll,  58 
Cuter  surr^iunts  L. 

3.  ferpyilif&lium  MiU,59 
Cistus  serpyllifblms  L 

4.  ffrandifionim  Dec,  59 
cSttus  grand{fi6rtu  Scop. 

5.  taiuncum  Fitch,  -  59 

6.  apenninum  Dec,  -  59 

Cif<««  apenaiaau  L.,  CI«/m« 
ljLani.;£fte  tetfon- 


7.  macr&nthuin  jSW.  60 
S  m^tiplez  Swt,     -  60 

8.  canteens  Swt,    -  60 

9.  Ayssopifblium  7>R.  60 

1  crocatum  SsoL     .  61 

2  ciipreum  Swt,      •  61 

3  m^tiplex  Swt,    .61 

10.  scabrosum  Pert,  61 


kispidusB 
dnat  Ital. 


A  4 


OvarAoM  soUtarus  Placenta 
central.  ( Tke  Columm  in  tke 
P^ruat  to  wkiek  tke  Seeds  are 
attacked  centrals  and  not  ad^ 
keringtotke8ideasinSeet.ll.) 

^alvdcecB. 
I.  ^iBi'scus  L,      -  62 

The  Hibiacus.— JMMfe,  Fr., 
£ibisek,Gvr. ;  Ibiseo,  Ital. 

1.  syriacus  L,  -  62 

Atiktea  PHUeg:  Ketmie  des 
Jardins.  Fr.;  Syriscker  Eibisck, 
Ger. 

2  foliis  variegitis  -  63 

3  fldre  varieffAto  -  62 

4  flore  purpureo  -  62 

5  fl.  purp.  pleno  -  62 

6  flore  r&bro    -  -62 

7  flore  tibo      -  -  62 

8  flore  iUbo  pUno  -  62 

L  Ti'LiA  L,         -    63 

The  Lime  Tree.— £Am  TVrr, 
Gerard :  XtM,  Analo-Sax. ; 
Tilleul,  Fr.  ;  SastkoUx,  Ger. ; 
Linde.Gm,  and  Dutch ;  Tiglia, 
Ital.;  TOO,  Bpan. ;  LZ/w,  Rum. 

1.  europs'a  L,        -  63 
T.  intermedia  Dec,    T.  ouU 
giris  Hayne,    T.   «.    koreklis 
wahl. 

1  panrifdlia  -  -  64 
T.  micropk^UaVeat.,  ftc. 
T.  e.  var.  y  L. 

T.  ulmifbtia  Seop. 
T.  syMstris  Detf. 
T.  parmfldia,  Ehrh. 
T.  confdta  MiU. 

2  grandifdlia  -  64 
T.  platwkpUa  Scop. 

T.  cordifiMa  Beu. 
T.  ««ro/Mr  a  Detf. 
T.  grandifbUa  Sm. 

3  interm^ia  -  -  65 
T.  intermidia  Hayne. 

T.  fkUvpkfUa  minor  H. 

4  laciniata  -  -  65 
T.pla^pk.  ladnidta  Hor. 
T.  sspUmiffblia  nina  Hori. 

5  riibra  -  '66 
T.  corMAioca  Bote. 

T.  cordlUna  Hort.  Kew. 
T.  r.  fi  ritbra  Sibthorp. 
T.  e.  y  Sm.  Fl.  Brit 
T.  grandj/bUafi  Sm.E.  Fl. 

6  parvifolia  aiirea       6S 

7  grandifdlia  aiirea     66 

Otker  Varieties With  va- 
riegated leaTet.  T,  eitifbUa.eo- 


VUl 


CONTENTS. 


rylifdlia,  grandimia  Sm^  oo- 
rilXiah  i»jn.  eurofke^a  Hook. 
Lond.).  muUbills,  Mte  brac> 
tedta,  prie^coz,pyrami<Ulis^- 
termddia,  tenulfMiii,  obllqua, 
europae^a,  9m.,  panrif!>lla  Sm.^ 
arg6Dtea  (syn.  diba  W.  &  K.) 

2.  (eur.)  &lba  fT.  4- iT.  67 

T.  americdna  Du  Roi,  T.  or- 
ehuea  Detf.,  T.  rotimdifMia 
vent.,  T.tommtl^aMoeiadx. 

3.  americana  L.       -  68 

T.  glabra  Vent..  T.  caroli- 
fuanoWMiffenh.,  T. ca>uMf<iw/« 
Mx.,  T.  glabra  Dec. :  SmooM- 
lorf,  or  Atodt.  I./fiic  2V«r,  amd 
Ban  Wood^  Amer. 

2  heterophflla        -  69 
T.  keierojM0L  Vent.,  ftc. 

3  alba  -  -  69 
T.  dOta  Mx.,  Ac. 

T.  laxifibra  Funh. 

4  pulM^flioens  -  69 
T.  jmAJJceiM  Ait.,  ftc. 

0<*«r  iffN«rtcai»I,MRe.»7.P. 
leptoi^^Ua  VemL        •    •  71 

T<?mfiframiaceae. 

I.  Malachode'ndron 

Ca».  71 

The  Malachodendron.—  A«- 
drtla  L*  Hirit.,  SteufdrAa.  L. 

I.  ovfitum  Cav.        -  71 
Sftfirda  peniaggnia  L*H§rit., 

StetodrHaiMalackodfnd.  Miller : 
Stewartia  d  cinq  Styles,  Fr. 

II.  STUA'RT/ii  Cav.  72 
The  Stuartla. 

1.  virffinica  Cav.      -  72 

StetoSrA^Maladutdindrtm  L., 
5fifdrfia  fnart/6n<ireaBot.Rep.: 
Stetoarlia  d  un  Style,  Fr.;  £Ai- 
griffUcke  Siuartie,  Ger. 

III.  GordoVj^  EUis  73 

The  Gordonla. 

1.  Lasianthus  L,     -  73 

LobloUy  Bay.  —  Hyp^cvfit 
Ltui&ntkus  L.:  Gordonia  i 
FeutUes  glabret,  Fr^iLangstie- 
lige  Qordouiet  Ger. 

2.  pubeacens  VHer,  73 

LacatheaflMda  SaX.^Frank. 
Ilnta  atnericdna  Marsh.:  <A« 
Fronklinia,  Amer. ;  BekaarU 
Qordomie,  Ger. 

I.  ^ype'ricum  Zr.    74 

The  St.  John's  Wort.— 
Fuga  DtBTmrnmn :  MiUe  Per- 
tHUt  Fr.i  Jokamuskraut.t  Ger.; 
Iperico,  Ital. 

§  i.  Ascyreia  Cho». 

A.  Styles  commonly  8. 

1.  eiatum  AU,         -  75 

2.  hirciDum  L,        >  75 

Tr4invm  Clus.,   Andros^^- 
mum  fafUdum   Bauh.  :  MiUe 
Pertuis  d  Odeur  de  Bovc,  Ft. 
2  obtuuf^lium  i>ec.  75 


S  minus  i>A;. 


-   75 


B.  Styles  commonly  5. 

3.  Ksdmidnum  L.  -  75 
H.  Bartrdmlxim  MiU,x  Vir. 

ginia  St.  John's  Wort 

4.  Urdlum  Ham.      -  76 

5.  calycinum  Zr.      -  76 

Androsa^mum  Constantino- 
p^tdnsun  fi,  wmLt.,  Wheeler's 
Journey:  the  large-Mwd  St. 
John's  Wort,  the  large'flwg 
Tmtsan,  the  Terrestrial  Sfm, 
Aaron's  Beard:  MiUe  PerttUs 
dgrandes  Fleurs,  Fr.;  Gross- 
blumiger  JohannishranttQer.i 
Jseiro,  Ital. 

§  ii.  Berfordria  Chois. 
A.  Sepals  enUre, 

6.  proHiicum  L,      -  77 

'a.fi>UbMun  Jacq.,  H.  KalnA- 
inum  Dm  Roi. 

B.  Sepals  toothed,  nsuaUy  ioith 
the  Teeth  glandular. 

7.  ^mpetrifolium  W.    77 

Other  Species  qf  TUfpMcnm — 
H.  nepsl^Qse  Royle,  H.  ad- 
prfosum  Bartr.,U.  rosmari- 
nlfblium  Lean.,  H.  ^allOldes 
Lam.t  H.  fiudcuUt  Lasn.  77 

II.  i^NDROSJ^'MUM  C%.77 
The  Androscmum  ,or  Tutsan. 
—  Hyptrieum  L.:  Androsime, 
Fr.;  Johanniskraut,  Ger.;  An- 
droseme,  Ital. 

1.  officiDkle  AlSord  78 
CommonTutsan. — Ct0menon 
Italbrum  L'Obel,  liypdricum 
Androsa^mumL..:ParkLeaves: 
Androvhne  qffleinate,Fr.;Breit- 
blattriges  Johonmskraut,  Ger.; 
CidUana,  Ital. 

Acerdce<e. 
I.  ACF.K  L.    '       -  79 

The  Mu>le,  and  The  Syca^ 
more.  —  Errahle,  Fr. ;  Ahom, 
Ger.;  Acero,  Ital. ;  ilrce,  5pan. 

A.  Leaves  simple,   or  only 
slightly  or  occasionally  lobed. 

1.  obl6iieum  WaU,  79 
A.  lauriPUium  D.  Don  ;  A. 

BiulmpAla  Hamilt. 

2.  tat&ricum  X.  -  80 
Zarxa-modon,  orLocust-iree, 

Russ. 

B.  Leaves  Z-Jobed.  or  trifldj 
rarefy  b.looed. 

3.  spiclttum  Lam.  -  80 
A.  montdnum  Ait,  A.  penn- 

sylvdnicum  Du  Rof,  A.  par- 
viflbrum  Ehrh.:  Mountain  Ma- 
ple: S'rable  de  Montague,  Fr.; 
Berg  Ahom,  Ger.;  Acero  di 
Montagna,  Ital. 

4.  Striatum  L.         -  81 

A.  pennsylv&nicum  Lin.  Sp., 
A.  canadinse  Marsh.  :  Snake- 
barked  Maple,  Moose  Wood, 
Dog  Wood:  S'rable  jaspi,  Fr. 

C.  Leaves  f>-iobed. 

5.  macrophyUum  Ph.  82 


6.  platanoidesXr.     -  83 
NorwayMaple:  E^rabteptane, 

or  E'rable  de  Norvige,  Fr.; 
Spitu  Ahom,  or  Spitxhiattriger 
Ahom,  Ger.;  Acero  ricdo,  Ital. 

2  Lobelii       -  -  83 
A.  LobiKL  Tenore. 

A.  platanoid.  Don's  MIU. 

3  Tarleg^tttm  Hort.  83 
albo^variegdlum  Hayne. 

4  a{ireo-Tar.  Hort     83 

5  lacini^tum  Dee.      83 
A.  p.  erispum  Lauth. 
Eagle's  Claw  Maple. 
Hawk's  Fbot  Maple. 

7.  sacch&rinuin  L,       85 

Sugar  Maple,  Hard  Maple, 
Bir^s-eyf  Maple  Amer. ;  Acero 
da  Canadd,  Ital. 

2  nigrum    -  -85 

A.  s.  fi  nigrum  Tor.  ft  G. 
A.  nigrum  Mx. 
Xaek  Sugar  Tree,  or 
Bock  Maple,  Mx. 

8.  Pseilldo-Platanus  Zr.86 

ne^cemutre,  or  Great  Ma- 
ple, Plane  Tree,  Scotch  ;  E'ra- 
ble  Sycamore,  Fr. ;  Ehrenbaum, 
Ger. ;  Acero  Fieo,  ItaL 

2opulifdlm  -         -     86 
A.  omdnfdMMW  Hort. 
A.  tHlobdtum  Hort. 
A.  barbdtum  Hort. 
Slongifolia   -         -     86 
A.  lofvt/a^tm  Booth. 

4  flavo- variegata   -     86 
A.  B.  luUscens  Hort 
Corstorphine  Plane. 

5  ilbo-variegAu     -     86 

6  purpiirea  Hort.  -     86 

OAerVarieties^VLodaWM't 
Seedling,  Hort.  Soc. ;  Leslie's 
Seedling,  Hort.  Soc. :  A.  P. 
sten6ptera  Hayne  Dend. ;  if. 
P.  macr<'>ptera  Hayne  Dend. ; 
A.  Pseud,  mlcrfiptera  Ht^/ne 
Dend.  -  -       86 

9.  obtusatum  Kit,  -    88 

A.  neapoUtdnam  Tenore ;  A. 
hpbridmm  Hort.  Soc.  Gard. :  the 
NeapoUUm  Maple. 

2  coriaceum  -     88 
A.  coridcet/an  Bosc. 

3  ib^ricum    -         -     88 
A.  ibtrieum  Biebu 

4  lob^tum     -         -     89 
A.  ^oMltcm  Fiscfa. 

D.  Leaves  6-  rar^  7-lobed. 

10.  OVlus  >4t/.       -     89 
The  Italian  Maple.  —  A.   ro- 

tund(fblium  Lara.;  A.  italum 
Lauth. ;  A.  vHibsum  PresI ; 
r  E'raNe  Opale,  Fr. ;  Loppo, 
Ital. 

11.  circinatum  Pur«A  89 

12.  palmatum  Thunb.  90 

13.  erioc&rpum  Mx.    90 

The  White  Maple.  —A.  dasy- 
e&rpum  Wtlld. ;  A.  tomenibstan 
Hort.  Par.;  A.j^toitcfaiiMarsh.; 
A.  virghu'dnum  Duh.  ;  A.  rA- 
brum  Wangenh.  ;  SUver-lvd,  or 
son.  Maple.  U.  S. ;  Sir  Charles 
Wager's  Maple  i  E'raNe  d 
I  Fruits  ootamteue,  Fr. ;  Bauher 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


Ahom,  Gcr. ;   Aeero  eoUmoso. 
Ital. 

FarietieB.  —  A,  coecfneum.  A, 
macroc&rpum,  A.  fldridum,  A. 
PiTio,  &c^  qf  the  Nur. 
teritM  -  .         .    go 

14.  nibrum  L,  -  91 

A.  9irgiHidiuim  Henn.;  A. 
coccineum  Ait.;  A.  glaSea 
Bfanh. ;  A.earoUm'^manWan.; 
A.  Manjninemm  Snacb :  Sqft 
Mig^,  Swrni^  Ma/Me. 

8  intennedJuin  Lodd.  92 

1 5.  mon8pe8suI^numZr.92 

A.  trUotmn  Mcencb  ;    A.  tri- 
JIbUmm   Dub.s    A.    tnlobiimn 
Lam  :    F^aiaSfuektr    Akom^ 
Gcr. ;  Aeero  mtmore^  Ital. 

16.  camp^treZr.    -    93 

XZeAKT  .ilAorm.   Ger.;  Go^ 
l««r,  or  /HbfqM,  Ital. 

2  foUiB  Tanegjktis  -     93 

3  hebee&rpum  Dec,    93 
A.  campisire  Wallr. 
A.  nrtf/2^  Opts. 

4  ooliinum  WaUr,  .    93 
A.  iiffmet  and 
A.  MocnwsiSf'jMiOT  Opis. 

5  austrkcum  2Vitf/.    93 
Oiker  Farieliei.  -^A,  e.lm. 

TlgAtam  £odtf..  A,  c  ninom 
Xtfdtf.,  >f.  tatiricam,  and  A. 
hjttdaxan        -         •  98 

17.  cr^ticumlr.     -     94 

A.  ketenpkjfUmn  WOU.;  A. 
fempenrirem  L.  Mant.;  A. 
obtmifbUmm  Sibtborp. 

Oiker  Specie*  qf  A'crr.  —  A. 
barbitum  Jlx.,  A.  opallfblluni, 
A.  granatcnie  Bm.,  il.  par- 
▼ilbliiiin  Taaaclk.  ^.  glibram 
Tbrr.,  il.  tripartltum  ifnU. 
1/55.,  itf.  graDdidentltam 
Nmtt.M8S.  .        .       94 


II.  NEGVNDoMicn.  128 

The  Negondo.  or  Bnr  Elder  ^~. 
AoerL.;  Keg6iidiuin  Rqfl». 

1  Tivxintfolium  Nutt.  1 22 

A^enr  Negtindo  L. 
N.  aeCTn6Mlf«  Moeoch. 
Nes.  ameriednmm  Baiio. 

J5'ra6lr  a  Gteitf re*  IlUnof  t 
^crro  anMrfiana,  Ital. 

2  crispum  G.  Z>ojft     122 

3  oidaceum  Booth    122 

OUer  Speett$.-^N.  cali/SnUcum 
Tor,  4-  Gny. 

I.   ./E'SCULUS  Zr.      -    124 

Tbe  Horiecbeitnut.— HAmo- 

Mtlanmm  Toorn.:   Marronier 

^Jmde,  Fr. ;  EouAaUaide,  Ger. 

1.  HippodbtanumZr.  124 

yfppocAsUmmm  rulgdre  Tra. : 
MtfrrvHrirr  cfifldrTTr.  t  Ge- 
«M«M  Bonkatumie,  Gcr. ;  Afar. 
jwitf  <fJmdm^  or  Ippoeetutma, 

2  flore  pl^o  -  124 

3  a6reo-Taiiegitum  1 24 

4  argeotco-varicg.     124 


5  inclBum  ^oofA.       124 
X,  agplentfdlia  Hort. 

Ol»<rr  Far«.  — ^.  H.  crfs- 
pom,  olgrum,  pra'coz,  ttrik- 
tmn,  tortu^um,  &c.       .  134 

2.  (H.")  ohio^nsis  Af*.  1 25 

JS.  okiohuiM  Lfndl.,  ?  JE.  pdl. 
Uda  WUld.,  £.  eekhUUa  Muhl., 
iE.  j^li^ff  Tor.  *  Gray,  Pdvla 
MoM$  Mx.,  Pa«rUi  ^2dAf« 
SpKh:  OAib  Budteye,  Fetid 
BiKkeffe,  Amer. 

3.  (H.)  rubic{indaZ^.126 

JR.  e&mea  Hort.,  JE.  rd««a 
Hort,  JB,.  eoccmea  Hort.,  JE. 
«.  twr.  fwMcifndMn  Schubert, 
£.  froilMmUna  Spaeh:  Whit- 
leg**  Fine  Scarlet. 

2  rosea         -  .  127 

iE.  rdsea  Hort. 

New  Scarlet,  ^.  H.  amerl- 
cftna       -       -        -        .187 

4.  glibra  WiOd.      -  127 

5.  (g.)p&mdafri^.  127 

II.  PAVwBoerh.  -  128 

The  PaTia.— AKabye.  511100M. 
fi^uted  BorseckestmU  Tree. 

1.  rubra  l/om.        -  128 

S/$eubu  Pdiria  X,.,  £.  pavia 

«  rd6ra  Hayne,  Pdaia  parol- 

flora    Hort.:    5maff  Buckeye. 

Amer.:  Marronier  Pavie.Tr.  \ 

Marrone  di  Pan,  ItaL 

2  argiito  G».Don  -  129 

3  sublaciniilta  ^^'ote.  1 29 
iE.  P.  terrdta  Hort 

4  hil^inilis      -        -  129 
P.AdJVtOifO.Doii. 
iE.  kUmm*  Lodd. 


2.  fliva  Dec.  .  130 

JE'seukuJIAoa  Alt,  iE.  /Jk/ea 
Wangh.,  PiHa  Mi^a  Poir.  r  cAr 
5tMe<  Buckeye,  the  Big  Buck, 
eve,  Amer.;  the  Yellow  Horse- 
chestnut. 

3.  (f.)  negl^cta  G.Dn.lSl 

JE'seuku  negtecta  LIndl. 

4.  macrodurpa  Hort.  132 
S-'sc  p.  macrocdrjM  Lodd. 

5.  discolor  Swt,      -  133 
^'fCMlHt  discolor  Ph.,  JE.  P. 

/8  discolor  Tor.  A  Gray. 

6.  macrostachya  Xoir .  133 

£r«cKte«  parviftbra  Walt, 
£,macrostdehua  Mx.,  P.  a/6a 
Pair.,  P.  «dii&  Poit,  Araerv>. 
th^sus  discolor  Spach. 

Other  Kinds  qf  Pdrla^P.  call- 
fttmica  Tor.  %  Gray  (iE'tev- 
Im  colifdmica  Natt.),  Lydn/i 
Hort  Soc.  Gard.      .       .  134 

SapindhcecE, 
I.  Kolreute'r/^  Lx.  1 34 

The  Kolreuterla.  —  Sapindus 
tp.  L.  fil. ;  Colreuieria,  ItaL 

1.  panicuUta  Laxm.  135 

SopifMfM  chiminsis  L.  fiL.  K. 


I.  TiVis  Zf.  -        -  136 

The  Grape  Vine Gintf,  CeN 

Uc;    Wd.  Span.;    Tfewr,  Fr. ; 
Vite,  Ital. ;  1»Wi.,  Ger. 

1.  vinifera  L.  -  136 

f <gNf,  Fr.  iGemeiner  Wein- 
stock,  Ger. ;  Vite  da  Fmo,  Ital. 
2  foUis  inc^nis       -137 
Jiftf/«r'«  Grape,  or  Miller's 
I  BbMir  duster  Grape. 

I      ^  fol.  nibesc^Dtibus  137 
The  Claret  Grme. 
4apufdl.  laciiiidsaZ.137 
Ciotat,¥r. 
Vite  d*^hitto,  JUL 

2.  Zabrusca  L,      -  137 

The  Fox  Grape.— V.  taurina 
Walt.:  Fibber  Weim,  Ger.; 
Abrostine,  lul. 

foHetfef.  —  The  laabella, 
SchuylUU  or  Alexander's, 
Catawba,  and  Bland's     -  137 

3.  sstiv^lis  Mx.    .  137 
The  Grape  Vine — V.  vinifera 

americdna   Marsh.,  V.   inter- 
media Muhl.,  V.palmdta  Vahl. 

4.  cordifi^lia  Mx.  -  138 

The  ChlclLenGrape.—  V.  inOsa 
Jacq.,  y.oulphia  L.  spec. :  the 
Winter  Grape,  the  Frost  Grape. 

5.  rip^ria  Mr.        -  138 
The  sweet-scented  Vine.  —V. 

odoraiUsima  Donn  :   Figne  de 
Battures,  Amer. 

6.  vnlpina  Z.  -        -  138 

The  BuUet  Grape.  —V.  rotun- 
difdlia  Mx. :  Muscadine  Grape. 

II.  Ampelo^psis  Mx.  139 

losside,  Ital.  '^ 

1.  Aederacea  Afr.  -  139 

FlTe-leared  I  vy.~H<drra  o«^ 
qutifblia  Lin.  spec,  V)/&  ^aim. 


«to  quinau^fbUa  HooIl:    Fteie 

Fierge,Jr. ;  Jungfern  ReSen, 

Ger. ;  file  d!ff/  C^nuida,  ItaL 

2  hirsi^ta  T.  Sf  Gr.     140 

if-  hirHUa  Donn 

Cbnw  hfder.  /9  hirs^ia  Ph. 

2.  bipinnata  ilfx.   •  140 

VttM  orMrM  Wflld.,  V.  W- 
pinndta  Tor.  &  Gr.,  CI^mw  fidiif 
Pers.:  File  dltr/ CkiroMui,  Ital. 
Other  Species  <tf  Ampel^uis. — 

A.  IncJsaf  VW*  AkIm  Nutt.) ; 

conUta  Mm.  {Cissus  An^id^ 

WiUd.) ;  capreolikU  G.  Don 
Ofltis  capreoldta  D.  Don). 
A.  b6trya  Dec.        -       .  140 

III.  Ci'ssus  L.      .  141 

The  Gissus  .—Ampeldpsis  and 
vltis  in  part. 

1.  orientalis  Zom.  -  141 

The  Joy  Fine. 

XanthoxylcUxa. 
I.  Xantho'^xylum  L.142 

Toothache    Tree.^Aam/N 


ZaiuUigbimTamgb 


fVflV.   Fr.j  Esttrii-baiiTitri 

ZatmatUoii,   Gar.  j    FFtuSmo 

•piimi.  lul .  { I'rlci^Jili.ltmir. 

S  Tirginicum  -   143 

X.  Mivfitiicm  Lodd.  C4t. 

fX'  if.)  triedrpKm, 

2.(/)tridirpum  JWi.lM 

Gr%y-^  Fagin  lyormj^/^  Lam, 


IL  PrK\.BjL  L.    J.  1*3  :  tf^i 


1.  uifoIEta  £. 

Sttmarti  d  tnA  etmOa,  Fr. , 

dn^tmaTiti  f  ii[ii  fliiiiij,  oer. 

S  pcDt&pbjUB  Afwi.  144 

S  pub^aceiu  AinA     144 

OUirT  Sptctti  Iff  Tiilia.  —  P. 


.  glanduldsB  Dcif.    14<5 
i-traetra  SiL,  lUii  AfjiK- 


»«■  Sffcki  g 


Subd.  IL  CALVCIFLO'ILS. 


RIadtet.Nul   Tm il^»f. 


Slapllfloifh^rai 
Raj :  StapVIier  i  rrmiurt  tHiga 
fr.igmfiitf  Pimpenwa^OcT^i 

/alto,  lUL  7  Jo^'9  Ttart. 

Celaatr&cea:. 
1.  Euo'ntkus  7Vn.  149 

Sptndli  TrH—Auam.  B«. 

^llcFrllrr.iirBolliLanMrf. 
I^  SpiaOtlhinim,  Gw.  ;  B«. 


1. 


opa'ua  £,     -   149 

berudi    loins' Bmi, 
li    OalurMgr     Trti: 


a  luifCliia  Lod.Cai.l50 

3  (ol.iiriegiliiX.  C.  l.fO 

4  rnietu  filbo  i.  C.  150 

5  niniu  LoAZ.  CW.  150 


Fr.  1  WflntKT 
G«.l  FumrSHT 
3.  latifulius  C 


t^-M^SovrRi 


alUmMliut  Mmch: 

^    Aiul,    SirairkTTv   Tree, 

2  anguitifSliua       -   152 

?  B.  nfiitiJifUAu  Ponh. 

3  mrmentoaus  !VaU.  152 

4  obotStus  Mi«.  -  153 
E.  ototiHu  Dec.  Prad. 

7.  HaniilConianiuWI.153 


£.  lantalcui  n>«t. 

ciu  fUUi  TirisgMIt,  lorciiuii- 

IblJut  Ru4^gT6uui  WbU,. 

Inmrllnu  lAii..  Indiciu 
JTryiH,  ilguu  JfaU.,  lublrl- 
tUtai  BUaxx,  Thuaberiidiiu 
Blunu^  pCndului  Ifall.,  Mgl- 

[L    CBLA'sTRCa  i.      154 


OlArr  Sprcia  of  CcU«nu.  —  C 


III.  Nbhopa'nthes  154 
I.  canadensia  ilfc.     155 

M^Uini  Raaa.^y/r/dntcA^ 

Olier  Spcria  nf  CtlaitrAcae 

Hifinmi  chllfculi  Die.    lu 

AguifoHdcete. 
L  Mvqi'nd^  Jaeq.    156 
1.  myrtifolia  Null.     156 


A.  Z.ci>wt  J|>M|r.fi»UcA 

1.  .^quifolium  L.    -  157 


L   rarltllri dri^Kiutifhlm  Ot 

S  hMerophflluin  fft.ISS 

3  anguitifSlium  Ht.  153 

4  latifuliutn  fforf.      158 
Waur  Hulln. 

5  dUcler^nsa  Hnrt.  158 

6  nurginitum  Hrt.  I5S 


CONTENTS. 


XI 


7  liurifolium  HorL  158 

8  ciliatum  Hart,    -  158 

9  ciliatum  minus  HU 158 

10  reciirvum  HorL     158 

11  serratifoUum  Hrt,  158 

12  cnspum  Hort,    -  158 
IS  ferox  Hort.         -  158 

Hedgehog  HoUg, 
Bbus-Airiasou^  Fr. 

14  craasifolium  JSort.  159 

15  senescens  SvL    -  159 

h,  Farteifet  det^puUed  fivm  ike 
Cokntre  qfike  Lettf. 

16  ilbo-marginitum  159 

17  aiireo-marginatuml59 

18  ilbo-pictum  BorL  159 

19  a6reo-pietum  Ht,  159 
90  ferox  arg^nteum    159 

21  ierox  aureum  HU  159 

c.  VarieUeedeeig^aied  from  the 
CoUmr  <tf  the  Fruit. 

22  fructu  luteo  HH.   )59 

23  fhictu  Hho  HorL   159 

24  fructu  njgro  Hort,  159 

2.  (.^.)  balduica  D.  160 

The  Bfinorca  Holly.— L  hqui- 
fhUum  9ar.  i  I«am.  Diet.,  I. 
mM/erinsit  WiUdL  Eninn. 

3.  opaca  ^i/.  -  160 

American  Hcllj.—Agr&bUmm 
vuigdre  CUyt.  Fl.  VTrgfn.,  I. 
AfuifiUmm  Gronor. :  dunkel- 
blattrige  Steckpalme,  Ger.  ; 
AgnfoUo  a  Fogiie  di  Qmercia, 
Ital. 

2  laxiflora     •         -  161 
1.  lax(fiira  Lam. 

I.  op£ra  vor.  Nutt. 

3  magelliinica        -  161 

B.  Leavct  toothed^  §erratedf  or 
crenate,  bmi  not  *pi»g. 

4.  Perddo  Aiu        -  161 
I.  madertiut*  Lam. 

5.  CoMnae  k\\,         -  161 
Broad-leaTod  Daboon  Hollj.— 

KqmifMum  CurtdMnu  Catesix, 
I.  earoUmdtta  Mill.  Diet,  1. 
caadnSidr*  Lk.  En. :  tke  Ca$- 
eena  qf  the  Amerietm  IndimUt 
Rafin. 

6.  angufltifolia  Wilid.  162 

I.  tojfrtitdUa  Walt   Ac,   I. 
ToemarmffbUa  Lam.  111. 

7.  vomitdria  ^i^.     •162 
South  Sea  Tree.  ~  I.  Casilne 

v^a  Walt,  I.  UgOMirina  Jacq., 
Cnsslne  Perigna  Jf/il.  /com,  I. 
Casatna  Mx.,  I.  religj^ia  Bart., 
1.  ^yriddna  Lam.  111. :  Aotu 
^jMlooMie,  Fr. ;  7V«tf  Oucite, 
C^e$inA,  Florida;  fJk^  Yapon^ 
Virginia;  ike  evergreen  Ctu- 
eena,  or  Ctukioberry  Su$k, 
Eng. 

C.  LeoKM  qmUe  entire,  or 
nearly  so, 

8«  VaAoon  Wall.     -  162 
L  Cacflne  fVUld, 


Other  Specie*  qfTlex 


163 


IIL  PriNos  L,     .  163 

winter  Berrr Agirid  Adan- 

•on:  Apalanehe,  Ft, ;   Winter' 
Aeere,  Ger. 

§1   PnnoideMBec. 
I.  decfduus  Dec,   -  164 

rtex    prHMde*    Ait.    Hort. 
r^x  ded 


Kew 
Car. 


decitfaMi  Walt.  FL 


2.  ambSguus  ilfr.   -  164 

Canine  cmroUnidna  Walt  FL 
Car. 

§  ii.  Aghia  Dec. 

3.  verticill&tus  Zr.  •  164 

V.padifblifu  Willd.  Enum.. 
P.  Grondvtl  Afa.,  P.  ooiMrtu* 
MoBDch,  P.  pr«a(fdA«w  Lodd. 
Cat. 

4.  Isevig^tus  Pursh    165 

5.  lanceolitus  PtfrM  165 
P.  camadhuie  Ljon,  P.  thd- 

dui  Hort 

§  iiL    WhUh-Ha  Manch. 

6.  gibber  Zr.  -  166 
b&  Serrjf^  Amer. 

7.  coriaceus  Pursh  166 
P.  f  2dfer  Wats. 

Varieaee — Learei  broader 
than  thote  of  the  spedaa, 
oboTate^lanceolate  and 
acuminate:  and  leaves 
narrower*  baceolate,  and 
acute       -        -        .  i(i6 

Other  Specie*  ef  Trhm.  —  P, 
ddbliu  G.  Don,  P.  atomirius 
Nutt,       .       -       .       .186 

Wuitmtdcea, 
I.  Zi'zYPHUS  TVwint.  167 

The  Jo}utm.-^ftfubier,  Fr. ; 
Judendom,    Ger.;    GiuggiolOy 

I.  Tulg^  Lam.  -  167 
JLhSmmii     ZlaMphme     Lin. 

Spec;  Z.  «aA»a  Detf.,  not  of 
Gaert. ;  Z.  JiUuba  MUL  Diet,, 
not  of  Lam. :  Jt^jubier  cuUioi, 
Fr. ;  Bmelheeren,  Ger. ;  GA«- 
gtfolo,  ItaL 

OlA«r  Speeits  qf  Zt3»ifphm.~^Z. 
sin£naia  Lam.,  Z.splna  Chrte- 
U,  Z.  flexudaa,  Z.  inctfrra  168 

II.  Paliu'rus  L,  168 
Christ's     lliom.  ^PaUmre^ 

Port-chapeau,  Fr. :  Judendonu 
Ger. ;  Paliwro,  Ital. 

1 .  acule4tu8  Xom.      168 

p.  pitanu  Dmn.  Cours.,  P. 
tnutrdUt  Gsnrt.,  P.  nUgiris  D. 
Don,  RA6nmMs  VaUitrtu  Lin. 
Spec,  Zli^fpAw  VaUkmt  WHhL 
Spec. :  C*rM*s  TAons,  or  Ram 
t^  Libya,  Uerard:  E'pine  de 
Christ,  Areolon,Porte'Chapeau, 
Fr-  ;  jtdlligeUer  Jndendom, 
Ger. ;  G$uggiolo  salvatieo,  Ital. ; 
Xite,  in  the  herb-shops  of  Con- 
stantinople. 

2.  (a.)  virgiitus  JDcm   169 


III.  Bbrcbb'm/^N.  169 

(EndpUa  Uedw.  F.  Gen.  and 
Schult  Syst. 

1.  TolJl^bilis  Dec,  -  170 
Rh&mmis  oo^bOis  Lin.  fli. 
Suppl..  Jacq.  Ic  Bar. ;  Zttpphus 
ooO&iUs  Willd.  Spec ;  C^i^Ua 
voOMlis  Schult.  Syst. :  Snppte 
Jack,  Virginian. 

IV.  /?ha'mnos  Lam.  170 
The  Backthom.— A^fpnm, 

Fr.;  fVegdom,  Ger.  i  Rammo, 
ItaL ;  theRamt  or  Hart's,  T^hom, 
Gerard ;  Bos  J%om, 

§  L   Aforcori^  Neck. 

A.  AlatdrmuTovavL.— Rowers 
racemose,  b.cl0.  Svergreen 
Shrubs, 

1.  -4lat^rnus  I,.      -  171 

AJa/fmus     VhOUrea     MilL 
Diet. :  Aiatema,  ItaL 

2  bale&rica^.  Par.  171 
R.  ro<umi(/d/iiii«  Dum. 

3  hisp&nicai/.  Par,  171 

4  angustifdlia        .171 
R .  CHMl  Wittd. 

5  foHis  maculatis      171 

6  foliis  adreis        .   I7I 

7  foiiis  arg^nteis  -  1 72 

2.  hfbridus  U Merit,  172 

R.  Atir^iMOacM  Hort.  Par., 
R.  sempertitreru  Hortulan. 

B.  RAdmnsu  Dec.  —  FToiMTs  4. 

e^fit  in  Fascicles 

a.  BramcUets  termtnaUng  in  a 

TaofHb 

3.  cath&rticus  L.       172 

The  White  Thorn  of  the  mo- 
dem  Greeks. 

4.  ^vkCtbnusWaldtt,  173 

R.    cardiospirmns      WiUd. 
Herb. 

5.  infectorius  Zr.     -  173 

Avignon  Berry.  —  R.  l^Hum 
Scop.  Cam. ;  Dteatf,  orpeltoto- 
berried.  Buckthorn:  Nerprun 
des  Tehtturters,  Grained  Avig- 
non^ Nerprun  teignant,  Fr. ; 
farbender  Wegdoruj  Ger. ; 
Cervinopin,  Ital. 

6.  sax&tilis  L.  -  173 
„R.  longifbUus    MIU.  Diet.: 

7.  ^uxifl^lius  Poir.  -  173 
^  ?  R.  b»uifbUy*  Brot.  Fl.  Lus., 
Lfctem  bcfcr(fd/«Mm  Bauh. 

8.  fycioldes  Zr.        -  174 

9.  Erythr6xyIon  P.  174 
2  angustlssimum  Dec, 

R.  ^wtfSldet  Fall.  n.  Ross. 

b.  Branchlets  not  terminated  by 

Spines, 

10.  dahi^cus  Pa//.    174 

11.  flinlfSlius  Zr'^^.  175 
2  franguloMes  Dec  175 

^J^anguloldes  Mx. 

12.  alpinus  JD.        -  175 
2  grandifi&lius       -176 


Xll 


CONTENTS. 


13.  pumilus  L.       -  176 

R.  rupUtrit  Scop.  Cam.: 
Rtnmo  tpaccoMoui,  lUl. 

$  iL   Fr&ngula  Toum. 

14.  caroiiniknusH^a/^.176 

15.  Fr&ngulaZr.     -  177 

Berry-bearing  Aider:  Her- 
prun  JSourgSne,  Aune  mm",  Fr. ; 
giatier  Wegdahiy  Ger.;  Almo 
fterot  Ital. 

2  angustifdlia  ITorC  177 

16.  \€itmiusL*Her.  177 

Otker  Speeiet  of  ^Rk&nrnm,— 
a.  peraldfZ)4ius  Bert,  B. 
amygdUlnoi  X>nf.,  B.  pru- 
DlR>Uuf  Sm.,  B.  SlbChoip- 
Mmw  Schalt.  (syn.  R.  pmbtu 
cent  Sibth.  Fl.  Gnec.),  A. 
FuraUamtf  Dec.  (lyn.  R. 
atet/a^M  Punh,  not  of  L' 
HferiUer).  A.  oleifbUiu  Hook.^ 
B.  umbelUtut  Cav.  Ictm,,  B, 
ifturlfbUut  NuU..  B.  crdceiu 
Nntt.^  B.  lanceoliltiu  Pur$k, 
B.  parTlf&Uiu  Tor.  ^  Grtui, 

B,  terruglneui  NutL,  B.  call- 
fttrnlcut  Esck.t  B.  texfosti 
Tor.  4r  Gray,  A.  pubescent 
F/.  Gr^te.        •       -       -178 

V.  CoLLB'TZ-i  Com.  178 

BM&m$mt  in  part 

1.  h6rrida  Lindl.    -  179 

a/iroie  cm.  et  Hook. 

0<ik«r  Spedet  qf  CoUi&M.  —C 
•pindsa.  C.  vlldna,  C.  f'phe- 
dra  Vent.  CMx  (syn.  VJi&m- 
mu  E'phedra  Domb.,  Retap 
niUa  E*pkedra  Brong.)  -  179 

VI.  C^anoVhos  L.  180 

Red  Root.— RJkaiMNtf  nanW 
L.:  Ceanotke,  Fr. ;  SaAeb- 
baum,  Ger. ;  Ceanoto,  ItaL 

1.  americanus  Xf.  -  180 
Bed  Boot,  New  Jertey  Tea, 

2  Pitchert  Tor.  &  Gray. 

S  herbcU;eu8T.&G.  180 
C.  perinniM  PorUi. 
C.  ovitui  Desf. 

4  intermddius  T.G,  ISO 
C.  inlermidiui  Punh. 

2.  azureus  Desf,     -  180 

C.  eter^lems  Lag.  Gen.  et 
Spec.,  C.  btcolor  WUld.  in  Schlt 
Syit. 

2  intermddius        -  181 
C.  tniermidhu  Hort. 

3.  thyrsiflorus  .ExcA.  181 

G.  ovdtnt  cpdnens  Booth, 
Baumann,  &c. 

4.  velutlnus  Doug,     181 

5.  collinus  Doug,       182 

Other  Spedee  of  Cemid/Aia.— 
C.  ovUlt,  C.  Mnguineus,  C 
oregiknot,         -       -       -182 

Homalindcc€e. 

I.   ARISTOTEY/il  H.  182 

1.  Macqui  L*H^riL  182 
A,  glandtiidta   R.  &  P.,  A. 

Mlcqui  in  Dec  Prod. 
2  foliis  variegitis      183 


Otker  Speeie$Qf  AriiMiOM.— 
kAra  dent^U  B  t  P.,  Asdra 
Integrifblia      -       .       .  184 

Anacardidcete. 

I.  PlSTA^IA  L,      -   184 
The  PUtachla..~T«rcMiiM«M 
JuM. 

1.  veraZr.      -        -  185 

V.iMcindrum  Hort.  Kew. : 
PiatadUer,  Fr. ;  Pislaxien- 
bamn,  Ger. ;  PistaoMo,  ItaL 

2  triidlia  JLm.  ;^pec.  185 

3  nBxhoD6naB  B,M,  185 
P.  retiemldta  WiUd. 

2.  T^rebinthus  Zr.     185 

Venetian,  or  Chian,Turpentine 
Tree.  —  Terebtntkmt  vtUgdrit 
Toum.,  P.  vira  BfiU.  Diet: 
PistacMer  Teribinthe,  Fr. ; 
Terpeniin  Pittadet  Ger. ;  Tere- 
Mn«9,  Ital. 

2  spbaeroc&rpa  Zlec.  185 

3.  Zentlscus  Xr.     -  186 
TtkeMatUe  7Ve»:  C!i>mocnpra, 

Ital. 

2  angustifolia  Dec.  186 
P.  nuutiUtntU  Hill.  Diet. 
P.  <m|r.  ma*sUi6n.  Toum. 

3  chUN.DuHam.  186 
P.  dUa  Detf.  Cat.  H.  Par. 

Otker  Specie*  qf  Ffstdeia..^P. 
BOknUaiDetf.         -       -  186 

II.  Rbv'sL,  -  186 

IThe  Sumach.  —  Sumac,  Fr. ; 
Snmack,  Ger. }  Aft,  ItaL 

§  i«  C^/»nitf  Toum. 

1.  C6tinu8  L.         -  187 

Venetian  Sumach. — Cdtimu 
CogUgria  Scop.  Cam.,  Mo»nch 
M^n  Cbtimu  ooridcea  Duh. 
Arb  :  Venu»  Sumack,  Venice 
Sumack^  Wild  OUve :  Sumaek 
Pustet.or  Arbre  au*  P6mfues, 
Fr. ;  PerUcken  Sumaek,  Ger. ; 
SootanOt  ItaL 

$  ii.   Siimach  Dec 

2.  typhlna  L,         -  187 

Stag^  Horn  Sumach.— R.  vir' 
ginidna  Bauh.  Pin.:  Virginian 
Sumaek :  Somaeco  peloae^  ItaL 

1  arbor6iceii8         -  188 

2  frut^soens  -  188 

3  viridifldra  -  188 
R.  viridiflbra  Poir. 

3.  glabra  L.  -  188 

1  hermaphrodita  188 
R.  g^d&ra  WlUd.  Spec. 

2  dioica        -        -  188 
?S  ooccinea  -  -  188 

R.  caroUnidnmrn  MHL  D. 
R.  ilegam  Ait.,  Lodd.  Cat. 

4.  venenata  Dec,  -  189 
Poison  Wood,  or  Swamp,  Su- 
mach.— R.  vimix  Lin.  Sp.,  Big. 
Med.  Bot ;  Toxicodindron  pin- 
niium  Mill.  Diet :  Poimm  Su- 
maek, Poiton  Elder. 

5.  CoriariaZr.      -      189 
7^  Elm4eaved  Sumaek:  5tf- 


mae  de$  Corropeur*JFT,%  Gerber 
Sumaek,  Ger.  \  Somaeco  Bki, 
Ital. 

6.  copalllna  L,     -     190 

Maettck-tree-leawd  Sumaek. 
2  leuc&n tha /oc^.      190 

7.  Toxicodendron  L,  190 

R.  Toxioodindron,  and  R.  ro- 
dieauM  L.,  Dec.,  Don's  Bfill.,&c. 

1  ^ercifolium  T.^G,190 

R.  T.fi  quercifblium  Mx. 

2  radleans  T,  ^  G.  191 
R.  r.  m  vulgdre  Mz. 

R.  T.  fi  ratOeam  Tor. 

3  microdurpon  7.  j-  (r.  191 

R.  r.  y  MJerocdfpDN  Mx. 

§  iii.  Labitdium  Dec 

8.  arom&ticuin  Ait.      191 

R.  raov^Tlnu  Ait,  R.  tr^i- 
dla  Lodd.  Cat,  R.  eanadlntix 
Marsh.,  LoAddhon  oroiN&i^ntm 
Raf.,  TWptfitia  iZoA,  fidbn^/kia 
DfW.,  Hyr\ca  trffolidta  Hort. 
ToridMtfmirm  ermdAMM  Mill. 
Diet 

Otker  Specie*  of  RA^.  —  iZ.  ptt- 
mila  Afjr.,  it.  dlTersiloba  Tor. 
a  Gr<iy  (R.  lobdta  Hook.), 
B.  trilob&ta  NuU.,  B.  laArlna 
NuU.  '  -  19S 

III.  DuYAU'.!  Kth.    192 

ScAhitit  *p.  Andr.,  Amyri*  *p. 
Car, 

1.  dep^dens  Dec,     192 

kmyri*  po^gatna  Car.  Ic. 
ScAliMM  depint&n*  Ort.  Decad., 
i>«MMilia  (l^miCTu  «  Hook. 
Bot.  Misc. 

2.  ovata  LmS,    -      193 

3.  latifoUa  GUI.    -     193 

D.  dephidena  y  Hook.  Bot 
Misc. :  Huingkam,  ChUi. 

OlA^  Specie*  of  Duvolia D. 

dentlta  Dee.  (ScAiisM  denidia 
Bot.  Rep.),  D  sinuiUa  LAidt. 

JLegumindceie. 

Sect  I.    SoPBdnKJL 
I,  SoPHO"BA'R,Br.    195 

Sopbbr»  jpAT.  Lin.  Gen. :  &>- 
pkore,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1.  jap6nicaZr.         -  196 

S.  anica  Roder  Joum.  Phys. 

2  Tariegata  ITort.       196 

3  p^dula  Sort.     -  196 

2.  heptaphjUa  L,   -  197 

II.  Virgi'lw  L.    .  197 

1.  liktea  Mx.  -  198 

Yellow  Wood. 

III.  PiPTA'NTHUS  S,  198 

1.  nepal6nsis  Stot,  -  199 

77k«rm<l!PffV  labumifblia  D. 
Don,  knag^i*  indtea  WalL 
MS.,  Baptiwt  nepat6n*i*  Hook. 
Exot  Fl. 

Sect.  II.   Xio'tba. 

IV.  U\ex  L.     -      199 

The  TMXt».—Akmc,  Fr  ;  Oec*- 
Monir,  Ger. ;  Ulice,  Ital. 


CONTENTS. 


XIU 


1.  europe^a  L.       -  800 

Gadata  $pfm^$a  L'Obel,  U. 
£ramd^drarour.,  U.  vemdUt 
Tbore:  H^Un^Gorse,  Prickly 
Bnome:  4f^mc  wmmiM,  Jone 
marin,  Jomarim,  QenSl  6pi. 
r,Fr. 


2.  (e.)  nana  Font.  -  201 

U.  mimor  Roth  Cat.,  U.  eu- 
raptif^m  fi  Un.  Spec 

3.  (e.)  provincialis  Xf.  201 

U.  au$tr3U$  ClomenL 

4.  (e.)  Htxict&Mackm/  201 

Irish  Fttne.— U.  kiSimica 
I>on*i  MU.,  U.  fcuHgidta  Hort. 

Otker  Species  qfV^Ug.~~U.  go. 
ntrtSUet  BroL  (U.  mUii 
Hort.,  StamracautkuM  apMi- 
tecLk.)        .       -  -908 

V.  jSpa^rtium  Dec.  202 

SpanlahBroom .. — ^Mtrtiantkui 
lA.  Enum.,  Getdtta  »p.  Lam. 
and  Moench:  Spanhf  ItaL 

1.  funceum  Xf.  -  -  202 
G«iti«te  Jtfmen  Lam.  and  Da 
Ham.,  G.  odordta  Mcench, 
Sparmntkmt  I4mceu$  Moench  : 
Gem£t  ^Eapagme,  Fr. ;  Bin$en- 
artU^e  Pfriimtn^  Ger.j  Oinestra 
di  Spagtuij  Ital. 

2  odoratissixnum        202 
&  odora^Hm.  D.  Don. 
8.  and^lfam  Lindl. 

3  fldre  pldno         -     203 

yi.  Geni'sta  Loir.  203 
Getdtla    ef    Sp&rtium  spec. 
Lin.:  OeaA,  Fjr. }  Gituier,  Ger. ; 
Ginettra.  Ital. 

§  i.  Unarmed.     Leaves  aU, 
orjbrthe  most  part^  tri- 
Jbtiolaie. 

1.  parvifl6ra  jDec.   -  203 
SpArtimm  parvifi&rnm  Vent. 

2.  cdndicans  L.      -  204 


Cgtism  c&ndieant  Lia  Sp^  C. 
|Mde«c»w  MofDch. 

3.  patens  Dec.        -  204 
Sjufifltem  ^dXeiu  Gar.  Ic. 

4.  triquetra  ill/.      -  204 
G.  Ir^rw^/ra  Lam.  ? 

5.  umbeil^ta  Potr.     204 

SpArHmm  tmbOldhmt  De«f., 
L'Herit ;  BoUna  in  Andalusia. 

8  capiUta     -         -  205 
Sp^rMMM  etf9)Ad«iHis  Car. 

§  ii.  Spinote.     Leaoet  aU^ 
CTtome  tfthem^rifoi&oiUae. 

6.  lusitanica  X.      -  205 

7.  (L)  radilita  iScep.    205 

Qp^MfHm  rmdidiwn  lin.  sp., 
MIU.  Ic.,  Sims  Bot.  Bfag.,  G.  H- 
9hui$  Dalecb. 

2  umbelUta  .£05 

G.  umbeUdta  Poir. 
9ipdrt.  MmbeUdtmm  Desf  . 


8.  fphedroides  i>er.  205 

9.  triacdnthos  ^ro^   206 
G.  rottrdta  Poir.  Sappl. 

2  interriSpta  Dec.      306 
^pdrUwn  AUnrtifiAMiCaT. 

10.  h6rrida2><rc.      -  206 

Sp&riimn  k6rridum  Vahl 
Symb.,  O.  erindeea  Gilib.  Bot. 
Prat. 

§  iiL    <S]pmoaf  .     Leaves  all 
simple, 

ll.sylv^tris  Scop.    206 

G.  iispauiea  Jacq.  Icon.  Rar. 

12.  5'c6rpiu8  Dec.      206 

S^rfmm  Sctfrptet  Lin.  Sp., 
G.  spimiftdra  Lam.  IMct. :  Scot- 
pAm  Airw,  Gerard. 

13.  hispknic&L.     -  207 

^OMirJl  Fkrze,  Hort. 

14.  dnglicaZr.   -    -  207 
Petty  Whin.~G.  m«ior  Lam. 

FLFr. 

15.  gennanica  L.    -  207 

Scorpiut  tpindsus  Momch 
UttiL.ydglen  spinbsa  Fl.  Wet.: 
Btdimacola  dH  Bosco,  Ital. 

3  in^rmis  Dec     -    208 

§  lY.  Unarmed.    Leaves  all 
single. 

16.  p6rgans  L.       -  208 
flSp^rtftim  plSfytffftLln.Sys^ 

17.  sericea  Wvlf.    .  206 

18.  aph^lIaDerc.     -208 
Spdrtium  apkCUmm  Lin.  fll. 

Siq>pl.,  G.  virgata  Lam.  Diet. 

19.  monosp^rma  L.  208 

SparHmm  momo^rtnmmLin. 
Sp^.Cart.  Bot.  Mag.,  G.RsB'tam 
IhrsA. 

20.  sphseroc^a  L.  209 

SpartnHn  ifiJbtfroc^ryois  Lin. 

21.  sthn^nsis  Dec.  209 

Sp^rtfHm  4ttninse  Bir.  St. 
Sic.  Mant.,  Raflneso.  Speech., 
Sims  Bot.  Hag.;  Spartittm  tri- 
^irmum  8m.  in  Rees's  C^cl. 

22.  anxantica  Ten.    209 
G.  am$6iiitca  Tenore. 

2  scariosa       -       -  210 
G.  scarGMt  Vin. 

23.  tinctdriaX.      -  210 

G.  itaUea  Lodd.  Cat. :  Base 
Broom,  Green  Weed,  Green 
Wood,  Dpef*s  Weed,  Wood- 
waxen: Genet  des  Teinimriers, 
GenSt  de  Sibfrie,  Fr.  zF&rben' 
der  Ginster,  Ger. ;  BacelUna, 
Ital. 

2  6dre  pldno      -    210 
S  latifoUa  Dec,  -     210 

4  hira^ta  Dec.     -    210 

5  prat^nsi-s  Poff.       210 


24.  (t.)  sibfnca  Zr.    210 

Genist&des  eldia  Mo»nch 
Metb.,  G.  tinddria  var,  N. 
Du  Ham. 

25.(L)oyata  Wald.  211 
G.  nervdta  Kit.  in  Litt. 

26.  triangul^s  PViUd.2 1 1 

6.  frtonr/ya  Waldst  et  Kit. 
Hung.,  but  not  of  Ait. 

27.  saffittlilis  L.     -  211 
G.  ke^dcea  Lam.   Fl.  Fr., 

GenisKUa  raeemdsa  Moench 
Meth.,  SaUtsoediaM.  saeittdlis 
FI.Wett 

2  minor  Dee.  -  211 
28.diifiisa  WiUd.      212 

G.  hnmif^a  Wolf.,  Sp&rttum 
proeOmbens  Jacq.  Ic.  Rar.,  not 
of  Alt. 

29.  prostrata  Lam.   212 

G.  peduneuldta  L'Herit. 
Stlrp.,  G.  decdmbens  Dur. 
Bourg.,  Q.HSUeri  Repn.  Mem. 

30.  procumbens  fT.  212 

31.  pilosaZr.     -    -  212 

G.  ripens  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Ge- 
mtstSides  tukercntdta  Mcench 
Aieth. 

Other  Species  qf  Genista.^G. 
spindsa  .  .  81S 

VII.  Ct'tisus  Dec.  213 

Cptisus  and  SpSrtinm  sp.  L., 
Lam.,  ate.:  Cytise^  Fr.j  Boh- 
nenbamn,  Ger.  ;  dtiso,  Ital. 

$  i.  ADmrnoides  Dec 

1.  kWiUsLk.     -      -  213 
Portugal   Broom.  —  Qenisia 

alba  Lam.  Diet.,  Spdrttmn 
6lbmn  J}est.,Sp6rtrmn  mul- 
tifibmm  Ait.  Hort.Rew.,  Sp^r- 
itttm  tUspfrmnm  Meench  Bleth., 
Genista  muU(iUHra  M.  Dub. : 
SpartHan  d  FUurs  blanches, 
Fr.  i  Weisse  lyiriemen,  Ger. 

2  incaitiatus  -      -  214 

§  ii.  Jxib^mvm  X>ec. 

2.  LMimumL.    -  214 
The  Common  Laburnum.— C 

ahihnts  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.:  Bean- 
TrtfoUe  Tree,  Peascod  Tree, 
Crenrd ;  Pea  Tree,  Scotch ; 
Golden  chain :  FAubours,  Faux 
E'bfnier,  Jrbois,  Are  Bois, 
Fr. ;  Gemetne  Sohnenbaum, 
Ger. ;  Abomiello,  Ital. 

2  pendulum  Hort.  215 

3  ^ercifollura  H,   215 

C.  L.  8  mdfwm. 

4  foiiit  varieg&tis     315 

5  fragrans  Hort.      815 

3.  (I..)alp}nasAfttf.215 

Scotch  Laoumum.  —  C.  Lo- 
bdrmum  fi  Ait.,  Lamb.,  Dec., 
Fl.  Fr.  :  C^tisus  ongust^Uns 
Mflmch  Ifeth.,  C.  L.  ear.  latf- 
fbUnm  Pers.  and  Du  Mont. : 
Cytiu  des  Alpes,  PAubours, 
Mm^  Bohnenbaum^  Ger. ; 
Maggto  Ciandolo,  Ital. 


ZIV 


CONTENTS. 


2  p^ndulus      -     -216 

3  purpurdscens  H.  216 
C.  L.  nurj^reum  Hort. 
C.  Adhmi  Poir. 
C.LxooeineumBuam.Cat. 
The  purple   Laburnmm* 

4  fragrans  Hort,       217 

4.  WeldfeniiVis.    -  217 

5.  nigricans  L.     -  218 

6.  sessilifoHus  L,   -  218 

7.  tnfidnis  L'HerU.  219 
C.  vOidsus  Pour.  Act.  TooL 

8.  pktens  L,    -     -  219 

C.  penduanMU  Jjin.  fll.  Sapp.; 
C  ^andifibrtu  Dec.  Prod.;  Ge- 
fiiUa  tomentbsa  Poir.  Supp. ; 
SpdrUum  pitens  Lin.  Syst, 
Brot.  Fl.  Liu.,  not  of  Cay.  ; 
SpdrthuH  rrandifldrum  Brot. 
Fl.  Liu.;  SarotMntnug pdient 
Webb  Iter  Hispan. 

9.  «copariu8  Lk,     -  219 

Common  Broom.— S»^(ftn(m 
•copdrium  Lin.  Sp.  Smith  Eng. 
Bot.,  Genista  Mcopiria  Lam. 
Diet.,  not  or  Vlli. ;  G.  hirtiUa 
Momcli  Meth. :  Qenit  d  Balaii^ 
OenSt  eommunj  Fr.;  gemeine 
Pfiriement  Ger. 

2  ilbus  HorL         -  320 

3  flore  pleao  Hort.   220 

§  ill  CalycStome  Lk. 

10.  spinosus  Zr^m.     220 
Sfwr^mjM  i;p^df  urn  Lin.  Sp. 

1 1 .  tribracteolatus  tV.  22 1 

12.  lanfgerus  Dec,    221 
SpdrUum    lanigerum   Deaf. 

F\.  Atl.,  CtUi/cStometnllbsa  Lk. 
Biium.,  S/^^rti'ujM  viUdmrnBrot 
Fl.  Lui.  and  Pblr.  Voy. 

2  rigidus  Dec,       .  221 

§  iv.  Tubocyiitua  Dec. 
A.  Flowen  tokUe  or  wkitak, 

13.  leucanthus       -  221 

B.  Flowers  purple, 

14.  purpureus^cqp.  222 

2  flore  klbo  Hort  -  222 

3  flore  roseo  -  222 

C.  Flowers  yeUow. 
J  5.  elongatus  W,^K,  222 

16.  multiflorus  ZrtW.  222 
C.  eloHgitns  Hort.  not  of  K  it. ; 
C.  eUmgdins  fi  muUiJKhrus  Dec. 
Prod. 

17.falc4tUKr*^.4-ir.  223 
Varieties. -^C.  trifl6rot  Ld., 
C,  ruth^nicuf    Lad.,    C.  de- 
ctimbena  Lod. 

18.  austriacus  L,  -  223 
2  nova  hod,  .  223 

19.  supinus  J(i7r0.   •  2:?3 
C.  loldlttef  Pour.  Act.  Toul. 


20.  hirsutus  L.      -  224 

C.  Mntoiu  Bertol.  PI.  G«n., 
not  of  Lin. ;  C.  trifiOrus  Lam. 
Diet,  notof  L*Herit ;  C.  TVwr- 
fKfon&nus  LoU,  in  ^.  Dm  H. 

21.  capit^tus  Jacq,  224 
a  MrsiUms  Lam  Diet,   C. 

fiipJma  Lin.  Sp. 

Farieties  or  ^nom/mes.  -*  Cf- 
tiaus  auitrlacua  2«Mf.,  C  ca- 
n^toens  ^bdb.  ({^  Got.^  a  ura- 
IfofisZod.,  a  calydnus  JLod., 
C.  parrlR^liut  Lod.,  C.  hlnii- 
tuf  Zotf.,  C.  luplnuf  Lod.  S94 

22.  cilifitus  ^oAAffi^.  224 

23.  polytrichus  Bieb,  224 

§  V.  Ijoioidea  Dec. 

24.  argenteus  L,  -  235 

LdiM  arg^t.  Brot  Fl.  Lut. 

25.  calyclnus  Bieb,  225 
C.  jsoaicCfKdnw  WUld.  ip. 

26.  nanus  IVilld.    -  225 

§  vi.  Chrondnthu$  Dec 

27.  orientalis  Xotr.  226 
C.  orientdlis,^.  Genml  & 

Vatl.  Herb. 

Other  Species  qf  Cjftisus.  —  C. 
aeolicui  6«m.,  C.  racembsui 
Mamoek. 


VIII.  Adbnoca'rpus2>. 

1.  hispanicus  Dec.    227 

CptisHs  hispdnieus  Lam. 
Diet.,  C.  aMg^Hia  L*H£rit. 
Stirp.,  N.  Da  Ham. 

2.  Boissi^'  Webb    227 

A.  decSrticans  Bolt.  Not.  sur 
TAbie*  Plnsapo:  Baca  vieia. 
Span. 

3.  intermedius  Dec,  228 

C^tinu  oompUcdim  Br.  Fl.  L. 

4.  parvifblius  Dec,  -  228 

CStisus  parvi/dlius  N.  Du 
Ham.,  Lam.  Diet,  excltuire  of 
the  ijna. ;  C^tisus  divaricdims 
L'H^rit.  SUrp^  COtisus  com- 
jDtfcdfttf  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.;  Spar- 
//•Ml  compliciUum  Lois.  Fl. 
Gall. 

5.  telonensis  Dec,     228 
CCtisus  tehmSnsis  Loia.  Fl. 

Gall.,  N.  Du  Ham. ;  Sportium 
compliedtum  Gouan  Hort. 
Monsp.,  ezcluilve  of  the  syn. 

IX.  Ono>iis  L,     -  229 

The  Rettharrow. »  A»dfi/« 
et  vatHx  Mcench  Meth.  : 
Arrtte-bentf,  Bugrame,  Fr.i 
Hattkeehely  Ger. 

1 .  frutic6sa  L.       -  229 
2  microph^lla  Dec,  229 

2.  rotundifbtia  L.  .  229 

O.  tat^pOia  Also  Srn.,  Lin. 
Mant. ;  "SiUrix  nOmmdUblia 
Mtnich. 

Othfr  Species  of  Ondii^.  _  O. 
tribractedta  Dec.    -       -  SS9 

X.  Amo'rpha  L,  -  230 

Baatard  loOlgo.  ^  Bome^kUa 


Neck.  Rlwrn. :  Fama  Indigo, 
Fr. ;  U^form,  Ger.  j  Amoi^a, 
Ital. 

1.  fruticdsa  L,        -  230 

Wild  indigo,  Amer. ;  Fans 
Indigo,  Fr.  i  Indaeo  Basiardo, 
Ital. 

2  angusdfdlia  Purs.  2S0 

3  emarginata  Pursh  230 

4  Letrisst  Ld-  Cat.  230 

5  caeriklea  Ld.  Cat.  230 


J.  rf.)  glabra  Desf.    230 
L  (f.)  nai 


2. 

3.  (f.)nana  iV^t///.  -  231 

A.  micropk^Ua  Purih  Fl.  Am. 
Sep. 

4.  (f.)  fragrans  Swt,  231 

A.  ndna  STma  Bot.  Mag.,  not 
of  others. 

5.  (f.)  cr6ceo-lanata  231 

Tawn§  Bastard  Indigo. 

6.  (f.)  canteens  Nt.  232 
f  if.  pubiseens  Pursh. 

XI.  Eysbnha^rdt/^  H. 

/)alWr^  Spreng.  SysL  App. 

I.  amorphoides  H.    232 

DaOJf^  omorpkoides  Spr. 

XII,  RoBi^N/^  L.     233 

The  Locust  Treo.  — Pseud' 
aedda  Toum.  Inst.,  Mceoch 
Meth. :  Bobinier,  Fr. ;  BobiniS, 
Ger. 

1.  P8eud-.^cacia  L.  233 

False  Acada — JEsckunSmene 
Pseudacdeia  Roxb.,  Pseudacd- 
da  odordta  Moench  Meth.: 
Locust  TVee^  Amer. ;  Bastard 
Acada,  Bobmier/aux  Acacia, 
Acada  bUmc,  Carouge  des  Ami- 
rieains,  Fr.  j  gemetne  Acade, 
Ger. ;  Faha  Acada,  Ital. 

2  flore  lilkteo  Dvm.   234 

3  in^rmis  Dec.      -  234 

4  crlspa  2>ec.         •  234 

5  umbracul(feraZ>c.2S4 
A.  iM^rm/s  Dum.  Cours. 

6  tortuoaa  /)ec.     -  234 

7  aopAor<Ffdlia  £,.  C.  234 

8  amorphsfdiia  2^  234 

9  atricta  Lk.  -  234 

10  procera  Lodd.Cat.  2.'H 

11  p^ndula  Oh.  Dec.  234 

12  monstrosa  L.  C.   234 
IS  macrophf  lla  JL  C  234 

14  microph^lla  X.  C.  234 
iZ.  <nvr>Mf^^a  Hort. 

15  spect&bilis  Dum.   234 
Acada   agOQanle  of   the 

French  Nurseries. 

16  latisillqua  Pr,  0^.234 

2.  TiHcdsa  Fent.      -  235 

B.  ghaindsa  Bot.  Mag.,  B. 
mont&ta  Bartram :  Bose-ftow' 
ering  Locust. 

3.  diibia  Fouc.        -  236 

B.  hpbrida  Audib.,  R.  am- 
bigua  Poir.  Suppl..  f  B.  ecki- 


3  dIiui  Dr.  -  •  !3T 
9  riaa  Pmi        •  S3T 

4  maeraphflU  Z>«.  SST 

KgrmillfirBHan. 


I.  arbor^eiu  Xon.  237 
W.  DmHam.,  ftU.  K.  JUu. ; 
J€a3i  4t  SMHtTBet^  *c 


3.(«.)niicroph(lla2).838 

iisMi  inlenplAtalUI.  Fl. 

4.  (B.)ReddwsUD.S38 

S  pra'col  Fiteh.   -  239 

£.(a.)BreiiiTiajDDim  !39 

6.  fmt^KeDS  Dec.      839 

AoHiilK  JVvtfKau  Liu.  Sv., 
t>^.  Fl.  Bnu.l  C  dMAa 
I.BD.  Did. 

1  Utilolia      .         .  £39 
3  aoguitifolu        -  339 

7.  fr.)  mdUis  B«m.    839 

BMnh^  mtaii  BMl  fl 
Tub.  Soppl.,  JtstMi  AiHfli- 
Ah  Fteli.'avl.  Oon^.  Ck- 
r^n*  A«Bnf  tar.  milUI 

8.  pTgms'a  i)rc.     -  840 
JMSii  Mfwo^  Lin.  Sp., 

FlU.  Fl.  Boh..  Amm.  Ruth. 

3  areniriB  FucA.  -  340 
B.  nindea  iJft.       -  840 

JMhili  iriHtta  LiD.  Madt.. 
JbiUidk  ;eFH  Pill.  Fl.  Rou., 

MciT.  Aa.FM!.C«iiStauiJW 
10.  tra^cantboldes  840 


18.  gTBndiBAra  Ber.  841 
AoAola  frnXtlOn  Bl(ti.  Fl. 

13.  CXan^i^  Lam.  841 


CONTENTS. 


CkoDHiga  L'BMl.  attrf.,  S. 


Due.  lUm.  Iiwd,  ta 


■*Dii  argtmai  Lui.  Id  FtIL 
I  Tulgire  Dee.  Pr,  S4S 
9  bnehjgjnui  J}.P.  S43 
3  Sievfrn'f   -  .  S43 

8.  (a.)  gubvir^Bcens  843 

SdMiiIi  BtUni  L-H«i1C 
SHrii.  Not,  tf.  arttiuefm  B 
niMrtmu  Dec.  Pmd. 

XV.  CALo'pnAci  F.  843 
1.  wolgdHca  .nicA.    843 

CflbiH  ■farnbm  Pall.  ICIn.  j 
C^tefp*wi(w  Pill.  Fl.  Hot.  1 

Cflami  loolgMnii    Lin.    F11. 
SiupL,  N.  Oh  Hun.  i  CcMfta 

mQfiutM  Spnog.  SfN. 

XVI.  CbLD"TBA  R.  Br. 


\.  T^nmckat.ha  L.     846 

bmlniiiu  am.  Cat.,  duuL 
Uf»l(  IdM.  a  A.  Tr^ocfa- 


Seet.  III.  ffUTix'HiA. 

XVIIh   CoBONl'LLi  W; 


r.l..  E.Blwir  HIIL  Ic.  t-in. 
M,  C.^iH^lUra  Lam,  Fl.  Pr. 

B  juncea  L.    -      .  848 

Sect.  IV.  PuAauiLu. 
XIX-WisTi-HMN.  848 

Oljctmeip.  L.  nwnfiiujbiii 
QUnl.  Irotialla  aL^ 

1.  frut^cens  J)ec.  -  249 


8.  chinfniis  Dec.  -  849 
CM#c«K  cUntmit  BM,  Hag.. 
O.lmfniiM  Ba.  K«.,  K-.Cm. 
KfHJiul  iMldM  Aa  M.  B. 

Sect  V.  (7asbii\s. 
XX.  Q-r.Di'TscnlA  849 

Acdria  B.    Pluk. ;   rivler. 
Fr.  :  GltiOtcUt,  Gar.  I  Cfadtt- 
fla.IlaU 
1.  triac&nthos  L.   -  850 

tun.  HUI. :  G.  SHi^&i^'ilt.i 


3  in  inula  D«.       -  S.ffi 

O.  Im'tit  Hon. 
3  bnudiycirpa        .  S50 

O.  braeAf^rpa   Punh. 

G-  trwacnuJioi  rar,  p  Mx. 
8.  (t.)  monoHp^rms    S51 


mthuO  Lam,  DIcL, 
Uca  M arib,  O.  lr<iic^ 
Fratt, 

3.  tin^sU  Zoin.     - 


a  mijoT  /Tori.        -  353 
a.Urridam^jor'Loi.CU. 

4  nina  J/brt.  .       .  353 
a.  Urrila  ndiu  H.  Soc. 

5  p^irp^Lrea  Hort.  -  S53 

— C.  dilufaiiu  (PMK). 
4. (».)inacrac4ntha    854 

5.  (s.)  ferox  Dei/.  ■  854 
O.  ortnOili,  Bote  :   f<lF<cr 

6.  cispica  Deif.      -  254 
3  ■ubviriaceDi.ffDrf.  354 


XVI 


CONTENTS. 


Oiker  Sort9<d  GM&t$dAA.  —  G. 
mlcracSntha /fort  Soe.Gard., 
G.  Bdwi  Hort.  Soc.  Oard., 
O.  pTKcox  Hort.  Soc.  Gard., 
G.  aqu&tlca  Lodd.  (6.  motto, 
tp/rma),  O.  orlentalif  Lodd. 
(^.jSrog). 

XXL  Oyhno'cladus  Zr. 

1.  canadensis  Lam.  255 
Kentucky  Coflbe  Tree — Gm/- 
lamdinAdiaiea  Lin.  Sp.;  Hyper- 
amihera  dioiea  Vahl  Svmlx, 
Doh.  Arb. :  Nicker  Tree^  Stwnp 
Tree,  United  State* :  Bondw: 
Chiquier,  Fr.j  Ckicoty  Canadian} 
CaiuuUtckerSchtuMerbaum,Oer. 

XXII.  Ce'rcis  L.     256 

The  Judas  Tree.  —  Siliqudt- 
trum  Tbum.  Intt.,  Mcench 
Meth. :  Gamier,  Fr. ;  Judas, 
bavm,  Ger. ;  Atbero  de  Giuda, 
ItaL 

1.  iSfiliquistrumlr.    257 

SiUmiAslrum  orbictilitmm 
Mcench  Meth. :  Love  TVer; 
Gainier  commtm,  Arbre  de 
Juiie,  Fr. ;  Arbol  €Amor^ 
Span. ;  JiMtoabaaim,  Ger. 

2  parviflorum  Dec,  237 
S  flore  61bido       -  257 

4  rosea  -       •  257 

2.  canadensis  L.       258 

SW«fa«/rMm  oorddtum 

Moencn  Meth. :  Bed  Bird  Tree, 
Amer. ;  GaMer  de  Canada, 
Bouton  rotige,  Fr. 

2  pub68oeii8  PA.  -  259 

Kos&cea* 

SecLL   ^MTGDA^LKJI  Jkt. 

I.  ^mt'gdalus  T,    261 

The  Almond  Tree.->JiN|ivAi- 
IdpMora  Neck. :  AmatuUerjFr.  ; 
Mamddbaum,  Ger, ;  Mandorlo, 
Ital. 

1.  nlina  L.  -  -  262 
PfiteM  iNtfrmilr  Gmel.,   A. 

m^na  var.,  A.  vuUirit  Dec. : 
Amandier  nain,  Fr. ;  Z«r^- 
ckemandel,  Ger. }  Peeehbto  delta 
China,  \lai, 

2  ge6rffica  i>ec.     -  262 
A.  georgiea  Desf.  Arb. 

5  campdstris  Ser,      262 
A.  campfytra  Beaser  B- 

num.,  Hort.  Fl.  Aust.* 
Lodd.  Cat. 
A.   BetteriiLM  SekoU.  in 
Cat.    Hort.    Vindob., 
1818,  and  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  dbirica  Lod,  Cat,  262 

2.  incana  Pall.  -  263 
A  11^0  var*  incdna  Gulden- 

8tad  and  Arb.  Brit.,  A.  tomen' 
tSsula  Lodd.  Cat. 

3*  commillnisZr.      -  263 
1  amAra  Dee.         -  263 
The  bitter  Almond. 
Amandier  amer,  Fr 
GemeineMandelbamnGm. 


2  dulcis  Dee.         -  264 
The  sweet  Almond. 
Amandier  d  petits  Fruiie, 

Amande  douce,  Fr. 
Sutse  Mandel,  Ger. 

3  fl.  pldno  Baton.  C.  264 

4  fol.  varieg.  j&.  C.    264 

5  frigWlB  Ser.        -  264 
A./rSgitii  Hell. 
Amandier  des  Damet,  N. 

Du  Hara.,  Noli.  J.  F. 
Coque  moUe,  Amandier  d 

Coque  tendre,  Fr. 
Abeltan,  ProTenoe. 

6  macroduTDa  Ser.    264 
Amandier  a  gros  Fruiti, 

N.  Du  Ham.,  Noisette 
Jard.  Fruit. 
Amandier  Suliane,  Aman- 
dier de*  Damet,  Aman- 
dier Pistacke,  Vr. 

7  /lersicoMes  Ser.     265 
Amandier-PSeher,  N.  Du 

Ham.,  Noisette   Jard 

Other  Farietiet      -       .265 

4   orient^Iis  Ait.    -  265 
A.  argfniea  Lam.  Diet.*  N. 
Du  Ham. 

IL  Pe'rsica  Tottm.  265 

The  FMch  Tree.~Aiii^ffdtfM 
tp.  of  L.  &  Juss.,  Trwuear- 
pm  Neck.  Elem.:  Picher.Fr.; 
PJlrtehenbaum,  Ger. ;  PesoOt 
Ital. 

1.  vulgaris  MUL       266 

Amjfedahu  TSrtica  L.  Sp. : 
Piehe  auveteuse,  Fr. ;  PJIrsche, 
Ger. 

1  The  free-stone  common 

Feech  -      266 

PA:^.Fr. 

2  The  cling-stone  com> 

mon  Peach       266 
Pavie,  Fr. 

3  flore  pUno  Hort.  266 

4  &Iba  LindL  266 

5  foliisvariegatis^.  266 

6  oompr^ssa  Hort    266 
TheJIai  Peach  qf  China. 

2.  (v.)  lajVis  Z)<rc.    267 
The  Nectarine  Tree. — Am^e- 

dahu  Venica  XMca.  Diet..  A. 
PirHca  Neetarhta  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew. :  Peche  line,  Bmgnon, 
Fr. ;  Pesco  nooe,  Ital. 

1  Hie    free-stone  Nec- 

tarine -  267 

Piehe  Usee,  Fr. 

2  Hie  cling-stone  Nec- 

tarine -  267 

Brugnon,  Fr. 

III.  .^RlIENrACA  T.  267 
The  Apricot. — Frkntu  $p.  of 
Lin.and  others:  AbrieoOer,  Fr.; 
Aprikotenbanm,  Get. ;  JAi^ 
cocco,  ItaL 

1.  vulgkris  XfOm.       267 
Vritnns  Armeniaca  L<n.Sp.: 
AUricoooo  amerieano,  Ital. 

]  ovalifolia  iSb*.        268 
Abricot    Angoumois,    A. 
prfcoce,  A.  None,  Fr. 


2  cordiiolia  Ser.     -  268 

3  foliis  variegatis  77.268 

4  fldre  pldno  Hort.  268 

2.  dasyc&rpa  P^«.      268 
A.  atropurpUrea  Lois,  in  N. 

Du  Ham.,  Frkmu  da$ycSrpa 
Ehrh.  Beltr.,  P.  Armeniaca 
fOgra  Desf.  Cat.:  the  black 
Apricot. 

2  jDcrsicifolia  Lois.  269 
A.  persicif^z  Don'sMill. 
Abricot  noir  i  FeuiUes  de 
Picker,  Fr. 

3.  (v.)  sibirica  Pert.  269 
PrdMM  tibirica  Lin.  Sp. 

4.  (v.)  brigandaca  P.  270 

Pr^tM  frr£g<inilaa>  Vill. 
Dauph.,  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  Lois,  in 
N.  Du  Ham. 

Other  Species  qf  Armeniaca.  ^ 
A.  peduncuUta  Led.      -  S70 

IV.  FruVus  Toum.  270 
The  Plum.  —  PmnSphora 
Neck.  Elem.,  Vritmu  sp.  of 
L.  and  others :  PrmUer,  Fr. ; 
PJIanme,  Ger. ;  Prtmo,  Ital. 

J.  spinosaZr.         -  271 

Common  Sloe  Iliora. — P.  «y^ 
•istris  Fuch.  Hist,  Bay  Syn. : 
Blackthorn :  Prunier  Jptneux, 
PmneOier,  E*pine  noire,  or 
Mere-du^Sois,  Fr.  ;  Schlect- 
dom,  or  Sehlen  PJlaum,  Ger. ; 
Pntgno  or  PruneUo,  Ital. 

1  vulgaris  Ser.      -  271 
P.  spindsa  Lois. 

2  fohis  varieg.  Ser.  271 

3  microc&rpa  Wlallr.  271 

4  macrocirpa  Wattr.  271 

5  ov^ta  .Ser.  -271 

6  flore  pldno  -  271 

2.  insidtia  L.         -  272 

The  Bullace  Plum P.  syl- 

vistris  prte^oox  iUior  Toum., 
P.ssfMstrisnM^'Ra^y:  Pru- 
nier semoage^r. ;  Aljfatous  in 
Dauphiny;  Kirschen  PJtaume, 
Ger. 

1  fHictu  nlgro  Hrt  272 

2  f.  liiteo-tibo  Hrt  272 

3  fr^ctu  riibro  Hrt.  273 

4  fldre  pldno  Detc.  STIS 

3.  dom^tica  L.      -  273 

P.  sativa  Fuchs  ft  Ray :  Pru- 
nier domestiqne,  Fr. ;  genuine 
PJUnnne,  Ger. ;  Sionio  domes- 
Oco^  Ital. 

2  flore  pUno  Hort.  273 

3  foIiis  yarieg&tis  ^.273 

4  ormenibldes  filer.  273 

4.  (d.)myrob&lanaZr.274 

P.  Mvrobdian  Du  Ham.,  P. 
mvrobMana  Lois.,  P.  ceraSifera 
Ehrh.  Beitr. :  VtrjginianCherry, 
Early  Scarlet  P&m :  Prunier 
M^robalan,  or  CeriseOe,  Fr.; 
Ktrschpflaume,  Ger. 

2  foliis  var.  iV:  DuH.  274 

5.  candicans  .ffa/6.     275 


CONTENTS. 


XVU 


€.  CocamUla  Tenore  275 
7.  maHdma  IVangen.  275 


?P. 


Mx.Fl.Bor. 


8.  pobescens  Pcir,    276 

9.  divaricata  i!>tf.      276 

V.  CVrascs  Jiuff .     276 

The  Cherry. — Lemroetrtma 
Toom.,  Prvmi*  ip.  L. :  C«- 
r£t^^,  Fr. ;  Kineke,  Ger. ;  Of- 

§  L  Cmu^^tftora  Dec 
The  Cherry-bearing  Kiodi. 

Fruit. 
1.  Bylvestris  Bauh.    277 

Sffmom§tma  amd  Qardm, 
Kaims.  — C.  d»imm  Msench, 
K.  Da  Ham.,  Don's  HUl. ;  C 
nitgra  Hin.  Diet.,  noc  of  Ait 
YrkmmM  dvftoM  Lin.  Sp.;  P 
^TfiMn  vor.  «4-/3WU]d.  Baom. 
P.  ^vAiM  ffsr.  4  ^^  Bng.  Flor. 
P.  mgricam  and  P.  v^na  Bhrh^ 
Boitr.:  Gmn,  iUnfrr«Mi,  Co- 
rome^  Coroon,  Anatt  Btack. 
Blaek  HerifordaJUre,  Black 
Htart,  Black  Masxard,  Ike 
Merrf  TVee  of  the  Cheihlre 
jw»aMnN ;  Uie  Merriet  in  Sof- 
ialk:   MSrl$itr^  Mcrue  gro$$e 


r,  Gmlgnicr,Bigarreamliert 
Hcmmmler,  Fr. ;  8S$$e  Kineke, 
Gcr. ;  CirtgMo,  Ital. 

1  M6riBiers  or  Merries 

277 

S  Ouignien  or  Gesna 

(C.JmliibttkJ>ee,)271 

3  Heaumiersy  the  hel- 

met-shaped Cherries 
(C.  Jmti^kmtL  rar. 
heaumiana  Dc)  278 

Far.  0^  Ormamemt. 
C  s.  dur^eina  S  fldre 
jUno  HctL    -  278 

or  MMaier  Bmmaeu- 
Uar,TT. 

4  Bigarreautien^      the 

Bigarreaiu^  or  hard- 
fleshed  Cherries  (C. 
dmrieina  Dec)  378 

2.  ndgkris  Mm.     -  278 

Sfmami/tma  amd  Garden 
Kiametm  —  Cer.  tfwmn  n OBnch  { 
Prtew  Cfraim  Lin.  Sp. ;  C. 
Monfm$i»  Pert.  Syn. ;  C,  capro- 
nUna  Dw.  Prod^Dom*s  MiU. ; 
P.  cMMirra  and  P.  Sdda  Bbr. 
Beftr. ;  P.  draemM  war,  m  Eng. 
Flor.:  Ckerrg,  Kemtiekor Flem- 


mt  ParUy  s^€rve  a  rrmaa  rvnov. 
Cfritier  dm  Nord,  Certtier^  and 
eHoUier  fai  tome  prorfaieea, 
Tr.\  Samre  Ktrtdte,  Germ.; 
Maratea,  or  COiegio^  luL 


Ofnatmemiai  VarietUe. 
S  fldresemipUno  J7.279 

3  flore  pl^o  HorL  279 

4  persiciflora  Hori.  279 

5  foliis  Tariegitis  J?:  279 

A«A.AMfA«g  rairi«tie$. 

SelecHon  egempl(^9mg  tke 
diffhrent  Jormt  wkkk  tke 
varietiei  qf  tke  cmlHvaied 
ferric*  aetume^  slamdard 
treee. — The  Bigarreau,But- 
ner'a  Yellow,  the  Kentish 
Cherry,  the  May  Duke,  tlie 
Mozello,  D'OMheim    -  S79 

6  Mar6$cha   -      -  280 
PHkmtff  Marischa  Jacg. 

B.  Specfes  or  VarieHee  emiti. 
9Med  at  omamemUd  or  au 
riout. 

3.  (v.)  semperfldrens  281 

PrtoiMf  eempetfldretu  Ehrli. 
Beltr.,  P.  seroima  Roth  CataL: 
tke  Weegimg  Cherry^  ike  AlU 
tainit  Ckerrp :  Cerise  de  la 
TbuMOMi/,  Cerise  de  St.  MmrtMt 
Cerise  tardive,  Fr. 

4.  semii^  C;.  i>(m  281 

"Pribms  serruldta,  Lindl. 
HorC.  Trans. :  tke  double  Cki- 
nets  Ckerry:  Yung.  7b,  Chinese. 

6.  Psei^do-C^rasus    282 

PHbws  Psekdo^C^ratus 
LindL  Hort.  Trans.;  T.paui- 
culdta  Ker  Bot.  RagM  hot  not 
of  Thanh. ;  Yung- To,  Ckmese. 

6.  dumuecerasus  L.  282 

Siberian  Cherry  —  C.  ^Mer- 
medla  Polr.  Diet. ;  T.firuUcdsa 
Pan.,  according  to  Besser ;  CS- 
rasus  pknUla  C.  Bauh.,  aooord- 
h)g  to  PaU.  Fl.  Ross. ;  CAommv- 
dratusfrutiedsa  Pers.  Syn. 

7.  prostrata  Ser.     -  282 

vrkmusprostr^al^ort.  Kem. 
and  Lab.  PI.  Syr.  Dec,  P.  As- 
cima  Stephen  in  VLkm.  Soc. 
Mosq. 

8.jE>er5icif51ia  LaU,  283 
PrfeMif  ^erski^fbUa  Deaf JLrb. 

9.  borealis  Mtdix.  -  283 
Prtem  boredUa  Polr.  Diet. : 

tke  Nortkem  Ckoke  Ckeny, 
Amer. 

10.  pumila  Michx.  -  283 

PrOisM  pkmila  tin.  Mant., 
Porsh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.:  Ctf- 
ratus  gla^ca  Munich  Meth.  : 
XaifotMUfitcv',  VegOy  iteuel  du 
CmadatFr, 

11.  (p.)  depr^ssaPA.  284 

C.  pkmila  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  not  Prhnua  plkmila  L. 
P.  SuiquekiimB  Willd  Enum. 
ed.  8. :  Sand  Ckerrp,  Amer. 

12.  pygmee^a  Lois.    284 

Tr^mupugmafa  Wttld.  Sp., 
Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 

13.  nigi'a  Lw.  -  284 
Prftmii  niSgra  Ait.  HortKev., 

Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  P. 
iuuitii^a  Darlington  in  Amer. 
LfcN.H.ofNew  York. 


14.  hyemklis  Mhhx.  285 

PrteM  kgem^Hs  Micbx.  FL 
Bor.  Amer.,  Pursh  Fl.  Amer. 
Sept,  Elliot  Carol. :  tke  blaek 
Ckoke  Ckerrgt  Amer. 

15.  chicasa  Ji^Bchx.  -  285 

Pr^MS  ckieasa  Pursh  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  P.  imsUUia  Walt. 
Carol.:  CMckasato  Plum  in 
Carolina. 

16.  pubdscens  Ser.  -  285 
PreiMt  pubfsoens  Ph.    Fl. 

Amer.  8^.  and  Lodd.  Cat.  4 
P.  spk^rocSrpa  BOchx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  not  of  Swaits. 

17.  pennsylvdnica  Xr.  286 

PnUtM  pemmndo6Hlca  L.  fll. 
Suppl.,  Pursh  Ft  Amer.  Sept, 
Willd.  Baom.  ;  P.  lauceolita 
WUld.  Abb. 

18.  jap6nica  Zrotf.  -  286 

¥ramu  Jmdniea  Thunb.  Fl. 
Jap.  and  lindl.  in  Bot.  Reg^ 
P  sinhuis  Pers.  Bnch. 

2  miiltiplex  Ser.    -  286 

Ampgdalua  pkmila'  Lin. 
Mttt 

19.  sio^nsifl  G.  Don  287 

20.  saiicma  G.  Don  287 

Fritnus  BoUcHuB  Lindl.  in 
Hort.  Trans. :  Ckimg-Cko-Lee, 
or  Tustg'  Ckok'Lee,  Chinese. 

Species  bebmgingio  Ike  preced- 
ing Subdhnson  (B.),  mot  met 
imlrodmeed.^C.  Pk6skia  Ha- 
milt.,  Prdmis  cerasoidea  D. 
Don,  Cirasus  Pdddum  ilot*., 
C.  glandolJVsa,  C.ltfpera.  C. 
indsa  Lois.,  C.hhmilis  Mor. 

$iL   P^'t^'Ser. 

The  true  Bbrd-Cberry  Kinds  of 
C^rasus. 

A.  Species  qf  Bird^Cketrm  Trees 
alreadp  As  CuUitaUon  in 
Britain. 

21.  Mahaleb  Mill.  -  288 
PHtoNit  Mah&lebL.  Sp.i  Bois 

de  Sainte  Lude,  or  Prmnier  odo- 
rami,  Fr. ;  Makalebs-kirseke, 
Ger.;  Ctliegio  canino,  Ital. 

2  friictu  fl^vo  Hori.  288 

3  latifoUum  Hort.     288 

22.  Pikdus  Dec,      -  289 
Prteict    fddms   Lin.    Sp., 

Hook.  Brit.  Flora,  Smith'e 
EngL  Flora :  Burd-Ckerry, 
Fowl  Ckerrif,  Hag-berrv  Swt. : 
Cerasier  d  Grappes,  Merisier 
d  GrappeSf  LamrierJhMer  or 
Puliet,/au»  Bois  de  Ste.  Lucie, 
Fr. ;  Sag-biert  Swedish ;  Trau- 
beden  Kirseke,  Ger. ;  CtUegio 
ramutsa,  Ital. 

1  Tulgiris  Ser.       -  289 
C  PdAif  Dec.,  N.  Du  Hm. 

2  parviflora  Ser.    -  289 
S  rikbra  Sir.  .  290 

C.    Fddus  J^4ctm  rkbro 

Dee.  ft  Lois. 
FHbssif  rkbra  W.,  accord, 
ing  to  Ait  H.  K.  9d  ed. 

4  bracteosa  Ser.     -  290 
PdAis  racembsa  Hort, 


xvm 


CONTENTS. 


23.  virginuina  Mx,   291 

PHbMM  T^thra  Alt  Hrt.  Kew. 
Itt  ed.,  Willd.  Abb. ;  P.  orfftte 
Blgelow  in  Litt :  Ceritier  de 
Virginie,  Fr.  ;  VirglniBehe 
Klrtcke^  Ger.  s  Wild  Cheny 
Tree,  Amer. 

24.  (v.)  serotina  Lt,  291 
American  Blrd-Cherrv  Tree. 

—PrftmuwrtfimaWllld.  Abi, 
P.  virgmidna  Mill.  Diet. 
2  retiisa  Ser,         -  29S 

25.  m6llis  Doug,    -  292 

26.  Cap6llm  Dec.  -  292 
PntettM     virginiitna     Flor. 

Mexic.  Ic.  and  MSS.,  P.  cana- 
dhuis  Moc.  et  Sesac  PI.  Mex. 
Ic.  inod..  Hem.  Mex. 

27.  nepalensis  Ser.  293 
PHIittM    glaucifdlia    Wall. 

MSS. 

B.  SpeeieiqfBird-Ckerrif  TVees 
which  have  not  vei  tent  m- 
traduced,  or  xtfumieh  we  have 
not  seen  Plants.  —  C.  acumi- 
lAta  fVaU.,  C.  emarginiita 
Dong.,  C  caprlclda  6.  Don 
(P.  et^fridda  Wall,  P.  im- 
duldta  Hamilt.  in  D.  Don'a 
Prod.  Nepal.,  G.  undulita 
Dec.),  C.  canad6nsl8  Lois., 
C.  etllptica  Lois.,  C.  panicu. 
Uta  Lois.     ...  893-4 

§  iii.  Lauroc^ran. 
The  Laurel  .Cherry  Treat. 

28.  lusit&nica  Lois^    294 

Common  Portugal  Laurel.  — 
"PriHMS  tusitdniea  Lin.  Sp. : 
the  Cherry  Bay :  Ceritier  Lau- 
rier  du  Portngai^  Fr. ;  Axarei- 
ro,  Portugiiete. 

2  mxa  Ser.  -  294 

PrdiMw  Hixa  Broussonet. 
P.  multiglandmiisa  Gar. 
G.  HixsLfV.etS.BistC. 

29.  Lauroc6rasu8  Zr.  295 

Corrtmon  Lourel .  —  Vritnus 
Lauroe6rasus  Lin.  Sp. :  Cherry 
Bay,  Cherry  Lamrei :  LattHer 
au  Laity  Lenirier  Cerisier,  Lens- 
Tier  Amandier,  Fr.;  Kirsche 
harbeer,  Ger. ;  Lemfo  di  Tre- 
bisonda,  Ital. 

2  variegita  Hbrt,      295 
S  anguatifdlia  Hori.  295 

30.  carolinilina  Mx,  296 

PrftMM  earoHttidna  Ait  Hrt. 
Kew.,  P.  sempershreiu  WUld. 
Bnum.,  Vd^mearoUnidssa  Mill 
Diet.:  Wiid Orange,  kxim. 

Sect.  II.   i^EjBB^a 

VI.  Pu'rsh/^  Deo.  297 
TIgairea  PA.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept., 

not  of  Airt>let. 

1.  trident^  Dee,  -  297 

Tigirea  tridentdta  Ph.   Fl. 
■  Amer.  Sept.,  not  of  Aublet 

VII.  Ke'kbta  Dec.  298 
nUBus  L.,  C^rchonu  Thonb., 

Sp^rw^a  CambL 


I, jmdmcA  Dec,    -  298 

Rd6tM  Jap6nicms  Lin.  Mant., 
C^cAorw  Japdniems  Thunb. 
FL  Jap.,  SMir0s^a  Jap6nica 
Camb.  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. :  Spir€e 
du  Japon,  Fr. 

2  flora  pUuo         -  298 

VIII.  tS^iRJB'A  L.  -  299 

Spiral  sp,  Cambeaaedei 
Mon.  Spin  in  Ann.  Sci.  Nat. : 
Spirie,  rr. ;  ^tierstaude,  Ger. 

$  i.  Phyiocarpot  Camb. 

1.  opulifl^liaZr.       -  299 

VtrgMan  GneUer  Bote, 
Nine  Barh,  Amer.;  Evonimo 
del  Canad^lttl. 

2  toment^Ua  Ser.  -  SOO 
S  mon6gyna  -  .300 

S.  moni^yna  Torrey. 

2.  capitata  Pk,  -  300 
S.  opulifblia  var.  Hook. 

§  ii.    Chama'dryom  Ser. 

3.  chamsedrifdlia  Z.  300 

S.  tfemtontfiwtf  Lour. 

1  vulgaris  CSa(m.Afo».  300 

2  m^dia  Ph.    Ft   Am. 
SepL,  Camb,  Mon.  900 

S  oblongifdlia  C.  Af.  301 
S.  obltmgif^a  Waldst  et 
Kit.  Fl.  Hung. 

4  subracemosa  /Set.  301 

5  inclaa  Horf.        -  901 
S.  chamtedrC  lat^Wm  Ht. 

4.  (c.)«lmifdliaiS^.30i 

S.  chanuedrifdUa  Jacq.  Hort 
Yindob. 

2  phylUhtha  5er.     301 

5.  (c.)  flexuosa  1^.  301 

S.  alpina  Hort  Par.  accord- 
ing to  Camb.  ft  Fiach.  In  Litt, 

5.  sibhica  Hort. 

Varieties  or  Synonifmes.  —  S. 
flexuAaa  latlfbUa  BorU,  8. 
datirica  Bori.,  S.  vkw(fblia, 
S.  carpinifblia,  S.  tetuliefblia, 
in  Metut.  Laddies'*  CoUec 
Hots       •        -        ■        .  8QS 

6.  (c.)  cratsgif6liaL.302 

7.  (c.)  5etukef;^ia  P.  302 

?  S.  cMymMtea  Baf.  in  Dear. 
Joum.,  1*  S.  cmtegj^Mfie  Lk. 
Bnum. 

8.  c^na  Waldii,  et  K,  302 

9.  trilobata  L,  -  303 
S.  triloba  Don's  MIIL 

10.  alpina  Pall.      -  303 

11.  Aypericif51iajDc.  303 

Hypfrieum  ftriUee  Hort. : 
Haban  Mag. 

1  ural^nais  iSer.     -  303 
S.  crendta  Lin.,  Flach.  in 

Litt,  and  Don'a  Mill. 
S.  hjmerieifbUa  Camb.  M. 

2  Plukenett^na  Sr.  304 
S.  hyperieifbUa  Lin.  Sp., 

Ph.,  Don'a  Mill. 
&  b.  Mr.  /9  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 


9  acikta  Ser,  .         -  S04 
S.  actUifbUa  WlUd.  Bnm., 
Camb.  Mon.,  and  D.  M. 
8.  sibirica  Hort  Par.,  ac- 
cording to  Camb.  Mon. 
S.  ambi^  PaU. 

4  crenata  Ser.       >  304 
8.  obovlUa  Waldat.  et  Kit, 

?  in  WUld.  Bn.,  Camb. 

Monog.,  Barr.  Ic.  Bar. 
S.  hyperieifbUa  y  Dec.  Fl. 
S.  erendta  Lin.  Sp.,  Cam. 

Mon.,  Don'a  MiL,La  C. 

5  flaTT&aica  Ser,     -  304 
S.   saer&nica   Beaaer  in 

Litt.,  Don'a  MilL 
8.  ereniUa  PaU.  Fl.  Roaa. 
S.  hypericUbUa  var.  6  km- 

^Wa'LeA.n.Vi.k.m, 

6  Beswruina  Sor.     904 
S.  erendta  in  Litt. 

S.  savrdniea  fi  Besseribati 
Don's  MiU. 

Other  Varieties  or  Stpionymes^ 

—  5.  infl^xa  {Hort.  Soc. 
Gard.).  S.  oborAta  fVendland 
(Hort  Soc.  Oard.),  S,  ar- 
g6ntea  (Lodd.  Collection),  8. 
cune&ta  (do.),  S.ninu.  (do.), 
S.  alpina  {do.),  8.  acutifbUa 
{do.),  S.  deciSmbena  {do.)  301 

12.  {h.)  /halictroides  305 
8.  atfwili^jrdA'a  Pali.  Itin.,  8. 

hypertctfdlta  var.JIdva,  asxi  Sk 
alpina  lat^fbHa. 

13.  cuneifoya  Wall,  305 

8.  cantseens  Don.  Prod.,  Dec 
Prod.,  Don'a  MiU. ;  8.  argtntem 
Hoct. 

14.  pikowiensis  Bes,  305 

15.  ceanothif51ia  Hn,  305 

16.  corymbdsa  Raf,  306 
2  aofforia      •        -  306 

8.  sordria  Pen.  in  Ht.  Br. 

17.  vacciniif6HaZ).Z^.306 
8.  adiantifbUa  Hort. 

18.  laxifldra  lAndl,    306 

19.  b^lla  S»ns,        -  306 

§  ill.   Sordria  Ser. 

20.  ralicifolia  L.     -  307 

%pir€B^afr^tes  Hort. :  Bride- 
wort,  QtKfn'a  Neodiiework. 

1  dtfnea  ^i/.  Ht  K.  307 

2  alpestris  PaL  FL    307 
8.  ahaSstris  Don'a  MiU. 

3  paniculata  FftZEd  S^., 

Ait.  H.  K.     -  307 
8.  iiifta  Ehrh.  Beltr. 

4  latifdlia  r«;/(C  %  307 
S.  obovdta  Rafw  in  Litt., 

not  of  Walldat  et  Kit. 
according  to  WiUd.  En. 
8.  carpinmia  WiUd.  En., 
Don'a  Mill. 

5  grandifl6ra         -  308 
S.  grandifibra  hod.  Bt.  C. 

6  tallica      -         -  308 
S.  taHrico  Hort. 

Other  Varieties  or  Synonymes. 

—  5.  canadtosia,  S.  airlicB- 
fblia,  8.  lacintita,  5.  cham«. 


CONTENTS* 


XIX 


4iUblia,    8.    UneeolHa,    5. 
cwplniftUA,  &  re0tea,  S.  In. 


SI.  Menziem  Hook.  308 
22.  tomentosa  Zf.  -  308 


23.  Isv^ta  L.      -  309 

S.  aitatSm$it  Lu.  Nov.  Act 

PMrop.,   S.  alUica  PaU.   Fl. 


2^.  ansMGA  SmUk    309 

§  IT.  SmhiLria  Ser. 

25.  «orbif5lia  Zr.     -  309 

8.  jiAwiifa  Mceoch  MeOi. 
Salpbia  jRitFlA.  309 

8.  groNdifBra  Swt.  H.  Br. 

8.  JPafUsU  X)aM*9  AfO. 

26.  LiiidleyaiMiWal.310 

4Seie€tiom^apeek9        -810 


Sect  III.  "Pvrmm'Us 


IX.  J7u'b(M  2^      -311 
Tlw  BramMcL— JZMMT,  Urom- 
ioisier,  Fr. ;  iWmAenv,  Ain»i 
fmrtfroMft,  Ger. ;  JiMo,  ItaL 

$  i.  Leaves  pinnate^  ^3—7 

1.  suberectus  Ander,  31 1 

R.  »e$$iiui$  HalU  R-  pUcitm 
W.  &  N.,  not  of  3appL  to  Eng. 
Botn  which  U  a  nnauler  fona  of 
B  afflnU  »^.  $  N. ;  R.  eerpU- 
/d^/M  Wahlenberg.  The  whole 
eccordlng  to  IdBdU.  Sjm,  of  tbo 
Brit.  Fl. 

2.  afflnis  W,^  N,-  312 

K  eoOhmt  Dec.  ;  R.  iiMiM 
Smith  in  Eng.  Fl.,  LlndL  In 
Syn.  Br.  Fl.  ed.  1.  j  R.  pliediue 
Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  8uppL 

S  braeteofiu  Ser.   -  312 

R.  a.  y  A  »  W.  &  N.  RoM 
Gem. 

3.  micfdntfaus  2>.  Dr.  312 

R.  paucifibrua  LumL  ia  Bot. 
Reg.,  Hort.  Brit. 

4.  occident^lis  £.  -  313 

R.  e/f V HI  iu&MW  nott.(  R. 
^tftf'M  Aicfti  Mterp  Dill. :  tke 
Amerieam  SrtumSle, 

5.  idae^us  Z.  -  -  313 
The  oomnHni  Raspberrj^^A. 

Ji^ambeetidmu  Lmu.  Fl.  Fr. : 
Framboiaier,  Fr  ;  gemeine 
Brambeertj  Germ. ;  JVonte, 
Ital.  ;  JZao*,  F^aiattete, 
Hinde-berr^^  Johns.  Ger. 

2  mieroph^llus fFo/.  SIS 

Oarden  Van.  —  Redkflrvdted, 
Tellow-frutted.  White-fhiit- 
ed,  and  one  which  bears  twice 
In  the  year. 

$  ii.    Leaote  digUate,  af 
3 — SUajUU, 

6.  lacinilitus  W,    -  314 


7.  cae^sius  L.         -  314 

The  Dewberry* 
2  anr^Dsis  WdL  Sch,  Sl5 
R.  ptekdiheti'thu  Wdhe. 
S  grandiflorus  Ser,   SI  5 

4  ftanriSbUva  WhL     315 

5  fol.  yarieg.  HorL  315 

&  conrlifi^lios  Smith  315 

R.   mdgirit  W.  A  N.,  R. 
fMfNordfMt  Hwne. 

2  cinus    mxt  315 

3  glaadulosus  Wi       315 
R.  gtoiwfir/&fiii  SpreBB. 

to  Dr.  LAMffay/Me 


ABawing  3n'tM  UnOg  qf 
BMbutmatt  beasaoetatedwitk 
B,  oorylffUku  Smith,  «tiAer 
«»  roMM  specteSt  or  at  vo- 
r£f«i'«»  «■  —  A.  maorapta^Uus 
IF.-*  K.,  n.  earplnilbUus  W. 
AN.,R.  r&MO-ftter  W,  f  N^ 
it.  Koliler/  W.  &  N.(R.jb^ 
Itfw  W.  ft  N.K  JR.  gtendu. 
UMUf  Smttk,  B.  rOdia  IF.^  N. 
(R.  rcMMdAtf  Llndl.  Syn.  ed. 
1.,  Hort.  Brit),  B.  direnl- 
Idllui  LmdLSgn.  ed.l.,(R. 
dUvertifdlha  Weihe,  Hort. 
Brit.)  -  .        -  816 

9.  speet&ilis  Ph,  316 
R.  ribUMtet  WUU.  Hert>. 

10.  fniticoBUB  L.   -  316 

TheeQDnMU  Bladkbarnr.-^R* 
rfiscotor  *  a  a*f#lM«  hi  Llndl. 
Syn.  of  Brit  Fl.ed.  1. :  Bonee 
commmte^  Fr.;  Bamlttmde  Hhn- 
beere^  Ger.:  iioao  MmUamo, 
ital. 

2  eomp^'tM  Ser.  316 
R./rHlMdM(t  )  W.  ft  M. 

3  ta(iriciis  HorfL  317 

4  fl^re  roseo-pldno 
£a«m.  Orf.        -  317 

5  foliis  variegitis  317 

6  leucoc^rpus  ^ar.  317 

11.  hfspidiuZr.    .    317 

R.  MwiAU*  Micfax.  Ft.  Bor. 
▲mer.,  ILproatmbem  Miihl., 
R.>l^^rf<MWUkl. 

§  ilL  Leaeet  lobed,  notpim^ 
note  or  digitate, 

12.  odoratus  X.        317 

'ELoeeidenliUis  Hort.,  but  not 
of  Lin.  :  tke  FirginiaH  Botp- 
terrpt  tke/Uwerhtjf  Bmnberrv: 
Bonee  odorfuUe,  fr, ;  Boeo  del 
Ctmadi,  Ital. 

13.  Dutkiknus  A£oc,  318 
R.  odertUmt  Hort,  not  Lin. 

Spee(e§  amd  VoHeUet  ef  Ri^- 
bme  best  demreimg  qf  CmUiva- 
HoninBriU*hGQrdem,aaomtu 
mental  Skrubt  -    188 

Other  SoriM  qf  SkrtMmBvXmeee, 
—it.  macrop^talus  JDoHg .  MS. 
in  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  B. 
delicfdtus  Torreif  in  Ann. 
Lye,  B.  flUiceut  SwUh  in 
Reef*!  Cycl.  (R.  eordtfblme 
D.  Don)         -  •  319 

X.  Potenti'lla  L.319 

The  Shrubby  CinquefoU.— 
a  2 


PotentiUet   Fr.;    Kngerbraut, 

1.  fhiticdsa  X.      -  319 

2  dahiirica  Ser.     -  320 

P.  4amnca  Nest  Pot. 
P.  fhaicbia  fi  LefantPat. 

3  tenuiloba  &r.    -  320 

P./nUtcb$a  fi  KeatLPot., 

Lehm.  Pot  88.  var.  >i, 
P.JtoribAnOa  Airah  Fl. 

Amer.   Sept,  Wataon 

Dead.  Brtt^ 
P.  tenmffbtia  Schteclend. 

Beri.  Mag. 

2.  glabra  Lodd.      -  320 

p.  frutiobM  £^  Batch. 

3.  Saleso^'  8teph.    320 

Co'marvm    paliistre  X*. 

320 

PatentiHa  Otmanem  Scop. 

XI.  CowaV/^  D.  Don. 
1.  plicskta  Z).  Don     321 

Sect.  IV.  i^o's&B  Dec 
XILi^o^sA  Toum,  321 

The  Rose  Tree.  —  JUcNtf- 
liAoraNeck.  Elem.:  RoHer.  Fr.; 
Botenttockf  Ger.  ;  Aooxf  Apom, 
Dutch ;  BotqfOt  Ital.  ;  Botal, 
Span. ;  Boeiera,  Portuguese. 

$  i.  />ndoe«  Lind.  Monog. 

1.  ferox  Z#aurr.      -    322 

R.  kanUadtatica  Red.  Ros.« 
R.  kamttcbdtica  fi/eroe  Ser.  la 
Dec  Prod.,  R.  eokindta  Du- 
pent. 

2  nltens  LindL  in  Bot 
Reg.,  iSler.  in  Dec. 
Prod.       -      .       323 

2.  (f.)  kamtscliitica  322 

$  ii.  BraeteiUt, 

3.  bracteata  FK^mfZ.  323 
Lord  Maeartnep^t  Bote. 

2  acabricaiilia  JC»mt32S 

3  flore  pldno  HoH,  323 

4  MariaLeonidaJST.  323 

4.  inicroph^Ilai?ar5.  323 
Roi-temg-Jumgn  Chineae. 

5.  involuci^ta  /?ojrA.  324 

R.  UnOiey^a,  Tratt.  Hot..  R. 
pal4t$tri$  Bucfaaa.  <Ham.)  MS. 

§  ill.  CinHamdmeee  LindL 
A.   Specie*  Nativet  qf  North 

iMMCf  IMle 

6.  mcida  J?ArA.       -  324 
R.  r^Ubra  Uuida  Roulg.  Ros., 

R.  /dctrfa  Jaoq.  Fragro. :  Bote 
Twmept :  BoUer  d  FeuiUe$  dt 
F^ntne,  Fr. 

7.  nftida  W.     -      -  .325 

R.  BedMeK  rttfi»een$  Thory 
in  Red.  Rob.  :  the  dwtnf  La- 
brador Bote. 


XX 


CONTENTS. 


8.  R^  Sosc      -      325 

R.t4rgida  Pen.  Bnch.,  R. 
iraxini/blMa  Dumont  in  Coun. 
Bot.  Cult. 

9.  par^iflora  Ekrh,    325 

l^e  PeonsylTanUn  Rose. — R. 
hkmili*  Manh  Arb.,  R.  earoU~ 
niitna  Mlcfa.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  R 
oaroltua  yeti  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. 

2  florepl^o  RetL  R.  326 
lO./raxiniiolia  Rork.  326 

R.  virginiina  MUl.  Diet.,  R. 
Mfin^  m  Soi.  MS^  Jaoq.  Fra«., 
R.  0O9y«nM«aBoM.Dlct.d' Agr., 
R.  o^rtiMi  /9  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
R.  alphui  ia'vit  Red.  Rot., 
Lawr.  Rot. 

Other  North  American  Spea'es. 
—a.  Wo6dsJt  Llndl.,  R.  ca- 
ronna  Lin.,  A.  lindldyr 
Sprang. 

B.  Specie*  Natha  qf  Nepal, 

1 1 .  macropb/IIa  L .  326 

G.  Specie*  NaHna  qf  Continental 
Europe, 

12.^nnam6mea^f«/.  326 

R.  fDecttwR**ima  Munch. 
HausT.,  R.  fnqfiiit  HemLDiss. 

Other  European    Specie*    not 

Native*  of  Britain R.  fru- 

tetdrum  Beu.^  A.ta<iricaJSi'«6. 
and  R.  dabiuica  PaU.       8S7 

D.  Specie*  Native*  <{f  Britain. 

13.  (c.)  majMis  Retz,  327 
R.  miUica  Fl.  Dan.,  R.  jpT- 

no*i**ima  Oorter.  Ingr.,  R.  col' 
linoola  Ebrb.  Beitr.,  R.  ciiMa- 
mdmea  Bog.  Bot. 

14.  Bicksontana  L.    327 

$  IT.  PimpineUiJdluB  Lindl. 
A.  Specie*  Native*  qf  Eurt^, 

15.  alpinaX.    -    -    328 

R.  rupfttri*  Grants.  Auftr., 
R.  montpeOaea  Gouan  Honsp., 
R.  inirmi*  Mill.  Diet.,  R.  h^ 
brida  VIU.  Dauph.,  R.  lage- 
niHa  Vill.,  R.  hifil>ra  Krok. 
FL  Sib. 

2  lae^yis  ^Ser.  not  Desv. 

or  Red.         -   328 
"&.  Sangui*6rha  mt^fitrU, 

^c.t  l)iU.  Blth. 
R.  tupina  glabra  Deav. 
R  a.  vuigiri*  Red.  Roi. 

3  speciosa  Hort.       328 
DmmmoiMf *«  TAotn^m. 

OM«r  Farietie*.  .  828 

16.  su^vis  Willd.    -  328 

17.  sulphdrea  AU.    329 

R.  hemlephhica  Henn.Disa., 
R.  glauoopk^Ua  Ebrh.  Beitr., 
Bdf  a  meaf&re  piino  Ral  Hist., 
R.  ihtea  Brot.  Fi.  Lua. :  the 
4oubie  yeiUno  Ro*e, 

18.  sanguisorbifolJD.  329 

R.  *9inoti**ima  var.  *tmguim 
§orb(folia  Lindl.  Rot.,  R.  ^>mo*. 
var,  macropk$Ua  Ser.  in  Dec. 
Prod. 


B.  Specie*  Native*  qf  Siberia, 

19.  grandifldra  lAndL  329 

R.  pimpinellifdlia  Bieb.  Fl. 
Taur. 

C.  Specie*   Native*   qf  North 

America  and  Siberia. 

20.  lut^scens  I^unh  329 
R.  kUpida  Gurt.  Bot.  Mag. 

2 1 .  tnyriac^  ntha  Dec,  330 

R.  parvtROia  PaU.  Rott.  ?, 
"R.provincuUi*  Bieb.  FLTaur.  ?, 
R.  *pino*i**ima  var.  i)  fi^yn'a- 
confAa  Ser.  in  Dec.  Prod. 

22.  reversa  W.  <J-  K.  330 

D.  ^teeie*  Native*  qf  Britain. 

23.  spinosf ssima  L.   330 

Tbe  Scotcb  Rote. 
Farietie*     .       .       .330 

24.  rubella  Smith    -  331 

25.  hib^rnica  Smiih   331 

26.  Wflsoni  Borr.  -  331 

27.  invoiata  SviUh  -  331 
R  nrim^  Donn  Hort.  Cant. 

28.  Sabini  Woods  -  332 
Far.  —  R.  S.  grftcilii  H.  S, 

29.  Donioita  Woods  332 

R.  Sabinl  fi  Lindl.  Ro*. 

$▼.    CeniifblU*  lAndX. 

30.  damascena  MUl.  332 

Tbe  Damask  Rose.  —  R.  b(l- 
gica  Mill.  Diet. ;  R.  calend^rum 
Moncb.  HausY.  ex  Bork.  Hols., 
Rottlg.  Rot.  (  R.  iMfera  Polr. 
Suppl.,  Red.  Rot. :  Ro*e  d 
quatre  Saiaon*. 

Farietie*  ....  388 

31.  centifolia  L.     -  333 
Hie  Provence,  or  Cabbage, 

Rote — R.    provineidli*   Mill. 

Diet.,    R.  poly&ntho*   Rottig. 

Rot.,    R.    carifopM^ea   Poir. 

Suppl.,  R.  futgwUcnldta  Detf. 

Cat.,  R.  vdrian*  Pobl.  Bobem. 
1  provinci^is  MUL  333 
Tke  Provence,  or  Cabbage, 
Ro*e*i  among  whlcb  are, 
tbe  royal  and  cabbage  bluth, 
tbe  carmine,  tbe  clutter,  tbe 
Ducbeste  d'Angoul^me,  tbe 
ProTence  (of  wbicb  tbere 
are  upwards  of  20  tubvan.), 
tbe  prolific,  tbe  striped  nose, 
gay,  and  the  Versaillet. 
2  muscosa  MilL  •  334 
T%e  Mo**  Ro*e*j  among 
wbicb  are,  the  common 
tingle,  tbe  common  double, 
tbe  blutb,  tbe  dark,  tbe 
striped,  tbe  white,  the 
crested  mott,  and  many 
otbert. 

Spompdnia  Dec  -  334 
Tke  Ponmone  Rote*  N. 
Du  Ham.,  R.  pomptela  Red. 
Ro*. ;  among  which  are,  tbe 
Rote  de  Meaux,  tbe  rootty 
de  Meaux,  tbe  dwarf,  and 
small  Prorence,  tbe  Rose 
de  Rbeimt,  and  tbe  com- 
mon and  proMferout  pom. 
pone. 


32.  g&nica  L.         .  334 

R  centifjMa  Mill.  Diet,  R, 
*ylv&tica  Gater.  Mont,  R.  rfr- 
bra  Lam.  FL  Fr.,  R.  koUne- 
ricea  Rotsig.  Ros.,  R  bilgica 
Brot.  Fl.  Lus.,  R.  blanda  Brot. : 
Rp*e  de  Provin*,  FJr.;  E**ig 
Rote,  Ger, 

Farietie*        -      .       .884 

§  ▼!.    VmdtiB, 

A.  Nativet  <tf  Middle  Ewrope, 
ttot  (^  Britain, 

33.  turbintita  Ait,   -  335 
The  Frankfort  Rose.— R  mm. 

pamUdta  Ebrb.  Beitr»  Kfnm^ 
cqfortidna  Munch.  HansT.,  R. 
ftram;furthuit  Rotsig.  Roe. 

1  franeofurt^oa  Ser,  335 

2  orbessina  Ser,    -  335 

34.  &lba  L.    '        -336 
R.  ntitatittima  Gat  MonUuk 

B.  Nativet  qf  Europe  and 
Britain. 

35.  villdsa  L,         «  336 

R  mSUi*  Sm.  In  Eng.  Bot., 
R.  tomentdta  B  Lindl.  Rot.,  R. 
keteropAjflia  Woods,  R.  pomi- 
fera  Herm.  Diss. 

Farietie*        .       .       -836 

36.  toment6sa  Sm.  -  336 
R  vOldta  Ebrb.   Arb.,   Da 

Roi  Harbk.,  Fl.  Dan.;  R.  mol- 
li**ima  B5rk.  Hols. ;  R.  ditbia 
Wlbel  Wirtb.;  R.  villd*a  B 
Hods. 

§  vii.   Rubigtnbta  Lindl. 

A.  Specie*  Native*  qf  Britain. 

37.  rubiginosa  L.  -  337 

The  Sweetbrlar.  or  Eglan- 
tine—  R.  ntav^plia  Llghtf. 
Scot.,  Fl.  Dan.)  R.  Eglantteia 
MiU.  Diet.,  Lin.  Sp.  ed.  ].; 
R.  agr(*ti»  Savl  Fl.  Pit.:  R. 
rti6/gnid«0  parv0dra  Rau. 
Enum. 

Farietie*        -       .       .837 

38.  micr4ntha  Sm,  -  337 

R.  rubigind*a  B  micrantha 
Lindl.  Rot.,  with  emmeout 
tynonymet. 

39.  s^pium  T%uU,  -  337 

IL.helvitica  and  R.  vawrtifdlia 
Hall.,  R.  can}na  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 
ed.  3.,  R  agrftti*  Savi  Fl.  Pit. 
R.  bitcrrdta  Mer.  Fl.  Par.  ex 
Dety. 

40.  inoddra   -        -  338 

R.  dumetbrum  Eng.  Bot.  ; 
R.  B6rref\  Sm.  Eng.  Fl.,  Don** 
Mill. :  R  rub^in^a  var,  ino- 
dbra  Lindl.  Rot. 

B.  Spedea  Native*  qf  Middle 

Europe, 

41.  liitea  D.  Don  «  338 

R.  Efflantdrla  Lin.  Sp.,Red. 
Ro*. ;  R.  fafUda  Herm.  Dits. ; 
R.  ckloropkpUa  Ebrb.  Beftr. ; 
R  cerea  Rossig.  Ros. 

2  subrikbra  Red,  R.  338 

3  punlcea  Und.  R.  3.S8 
R.  pumcea   Mill.    Diet, 

Rossig.  Ros. 


K.  aiMiJiM.  R.  FVOar. 

H.  ligf.  pmmcia  Bed.  Roa| 
R.  Bgl.  iicoAtr  Dc.  Fl.Pr. 

4  fl5re  pleno  .  336 

5  Iloggij  D.  Don    339 
SctHoK R.  MiScM  »m.  It. 


4£.  csnlna  £. 


Sisn  Uort.   C*nl.  ed.  S.:    R. 
S  ncipbjlla  UiulL     339 

43.  F6rsteri  8m.     -  339 
X.  oJOu  j9  ft  r  WmK  fn 

Ui.TnH. 

44.  dumet^iini7:iu/.340 

BM.  In  Due.  n.  [^    R.  (^m 


47.  rubrifolia  Titf.  . 
B.  mmU^/Ora  Bwn.  Act. 


40.  fndic«  Z..     .      .  3 

R.  daJts  Lbl.  Sflt.,  B.  M 
vn^Omw  cfinm  Roulg.  B 

rmtLaUtpiM   R«d.  Hoa.; 


9  NoiwUiaiu  Ser.  349 
purpurea  Red.  319 
iiWts       ,         -  349 

Smithii  ■  -  343 


4  iongii&lila  itiuK.     349 
R.liii^iftUaWllld.r 
H-JfwiiijjWrHM  M 
DuHun. 


S  cruiutuJUd.  and  Dai 

ma.        .         .  31 

9  FraKridna  Hort.  349 

1 0  rilga  LindL  B.  R.  343 

1 1  ochrolcilCT  B.  R.  343 
19  flaTtscena    - 


i^<  Hatiwa  if^iia,  ami 
mltiflora  Tiuni.  34S 


IS  BUirii  D.  Don 
30.  semperflorens  C.  343 

RjMerimUa  Venl.  Cell.  ~ 
itnfaUnili   Pari.    Bucb., 

51.  Lawrence^na  S.  343 

B.     wnnnjUreiu      mtutt 

52.BerfceaI«tiJ/.    -  344 

$  ii.  S^ttyla  LindL 
A.  Sprriri  NaUtri  of  BrtU 
ami  otiitT  Ftrtt  f/  Europe. 

53.  (Jstyla  Bat.      -  34 

t.  nrffiu  D«T.  Journ.Boi 
1.  trtttiatla  Dsc  n.  Fr.  Siq 
I.  indcau  Dk..  B.  l^lWte 


h.  BeUi.jBi 


B,  jUm    Donn,    R.  ^MI 

Polr.  Suppl..  H.  *#»«  Hoib. 

9  Greiillei  Hort  -  34fi 

ILplalfpl3Li   Red.  Roi. 

Bourmlilti  Hort      347 

57.  Branonii  Lindl.  347 

f/.    347 


4  dep*l4iuU  Zri'iuB.  34S 
Otkrr  Fart.  —  The  (HhikL 
PriiKUMo  de  Nuuu,  and 

D.  Spfcia  Kaiipti  tf  }/ort* 
59.  rubif&lia  R.  Br.  346 
J  I.  Banluiilia  LimdL 


aAii. 


-  34» 


6).  B^nkaiVeR.  Br.   349 

8  litte*  UhS        ~  fl49 
ez.microc&Tpe  lAndl.  350 

63,  hf  BtrUi  Zmrf/.  -  350 


XIII.  ta-VRA  Lindl.  35S 
Bdu  •;>.  PiU.  *  Undl.  In 
B«.llaiK>g. 
I.  berberXoya. lAndl.  358 

R.  (nnliMeai  Sal.  Hort. 
Allert.:  R.  bmba\fbUa  Pall. 
Lindl.     Roi.     Modo«.   FreDcti 

Snt,  fdJIrotti  Koaog. 
Fanaia        -      -       -  »59 

Sect  V.  Po'xiA  LiiufL 


§  i.   Coctfnia. 

.  coccinea  L.      -  -353 

C.  auMli,  Booth  i  lUqiOu 
«f<>M(  W>U.  FL  Cu.  i  H. 


xxn 

coednea  MU1.,  N.  Du  Ham. : 
Thomlets  Ameriean  Anarole: 
Kifiier  (cariate,  Fr.j  Sckar- 
iachrothe  Mitpel,  Ger. ;  L«»e- 
mojo  roMO,  Ital. 

2  cor411iiia    *         *  ^^ 
C.  cor&Uina  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.   pyripirmit,    and    C. 
pectinata,  of  some  col. 
S  indentita     -      -  354 
C.fndemdta  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.  gedrgiea  Doug. 
4  mknimA Lod.Cat,  354 
C  c.  <pAadM  Godefroy. 
C.  BcerifWaHoTt, 
C.  fflabeUata  Hort. 
5neapolit&na  fforf.  354 
Uhpilui  comttmdinopoit' 
tdna  Godefroy. 

1&.  glandulosa  W.    -  354 

?  C.  Mmgmnea  PaU.  FL  Ro«., 
?M^jpt'te«  n>/«iMfi>Wra  Ehrh. 
B  ,  Vyftu  jianduBtta  Moencb 
CX  rottautifSua  Booth. 

2  succul^nta  FiaeA.  354 

Mt$ptliu$ueeulinia  B. 
S  subvilldsa  -        -  355 
C.  svbvOS^sa  Fiscb. 

$  ii.  JVncidto. 

3.  punctata  AU.      -  355 

C.Cnii'gSUi  Du  RoL  M&- 
•i&M  etmcy^ia  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
V.  ptmetata  Lk.  Enum.  M. 
tori^fWa  Lam.  Eim^c* 

2  rikbra  IVraA       -  856 

C.  ediOti  Ronalds. 
S  riibra  strScta  ffmi,356 
C.p.  Mtrida  Ronalda. 

4  adrea  Punk       -  356 
C.  p.fidwt  Hort. 
C.rf&n'aRonaldi. 
C.tdfttoLodd.  Gat. 
C.  penlSMnaJliM  Godef. 

5  breviapToa  Doty.  356 

4.  oyrif6lia  i<i/.      -  356 

CJeueqMB'09  {.whiU-htwket) 
Mcench  Wetok,  C,  rodMfa  I^ 
Gat.  1836,  C.  tomentUa  Da  Bol 
Harbk.,  C.  iat;^fbUa  Fen., 
Uispihu  latifWa  Jjam.  Enc, 
M.  calpodindron  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
M.  pyriTd/ui  Link  Enum.,  M. 
tmSfUta  Polr..  C.  lat(fiUia  Bo- 
nalds,  C.  com^fdtia  Booth: 
XmautroOoiitfrmo,  Ital. 

5.  macracanthalxMi.  357 

C.  gUmdtUdm  ^  fnacrSntka 
Lindl.,  C.  tpina  longUtima 
Hammersmith  Nrnvtry,  C.  p|r. 
riJtUia  Torrey. 

2  minor      •  -  358 

$  iv.  CriU-ffSSi, 

6.  Cds-g&lU  L.      -  358 
C.  liu:ida  Wans.  Am..  MIU. 

Diet.;  G.  cttmeifblw  Lodd.  Cat.; 

Utnibu  lidda  Ehrh.  Beitr., 

M.  Crit-giUi  Polr.  $  M.  Aye 

miltg    Walt.;     M.    eumeifbUm 

Mosnch :  Ai^«r  P/mI  dff  Cog, 

Fr. ;  GBinxende  MinH,  Ger. ; 

l,4uautroUonimuOt  Ital. 

2  spl^dens  Dee,  -  359 

Cartef^UaandCiSP  n- 

rfdM  Lodd.  Cat. 


CONTBNT8- 

3  oyTacanthif.DM.  -  359 
C.  vvraeanikifbNa  Lodd. 

UespOMiM     ttu^idA     Dam. 
Cours.  Bot.  CoH. 

4  «aUci{dlia  Dec.   •»  360 
C.  uific(/dto. 

5  UneirU  Dec.       -  360 

U6$paMt    UmedrU    Desf. 

Arb. 
C.  UneStrU  Lodd.  Gat. 

6  nikna  l>ee.  iVod     360 
VLitpilw  n^na  Dam.  Sa|». 

7.  (c.)ovalifdliaflbni.360 

C.  eUiptiea  Lodd.  Cat,  C. 
Cr^-«^  ovat^fiOia  Bot  Beg. 

8.(c)«iraiiif61iaJ?ofc  361 

UtspOus  vr^mifhlia  Polr. 
Diet.,  C.  eanlintana  Lodd. 
Gkt.  :  LaaaeruoUHO^  ItaL 

§  V.  Nigra. 

9.  nigra  >r.  4- JT.    -  362 

Hl«|)//«s  nifra  Willd.  Enum., 
C.  carpaUc*  Lodd*  Cat. 
?  C  fliflca  Jiicg,      -  362 

10.  purpiirea  Bote     363 

C.  sangmnea  Hort 
2  altaica      -         -  363 
C.  altdica  Lodd.  Cat. 

H.Douglasfi  Lindl.  364 
$  vii.  FlatHZ. 

12.  Mva  ili«.  -  364 

C.  glaaduldta  Ms.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  not  of  WalU  i  Uft- 
pikis  MickaUM  Pen.  %i». ;  C. 
caroUnidna  Polr.  Diet.;  C. 
JhmiMima  Hort.;  C.  ?turU- 
niUa  Pursh. 

13.  (f.)lobatB.&c«c  365 
VLUpihu  hbita  Poir.  Suppl., 

C.  auea  Poir. 

14.  (f.)  triloWta  L.  366 
C  $pinogissima  Lee. 

§  Yiii.  ApiifbluB. 

15.  opiiioUa  Mx.    -  366 

C.  OMoeSntka  Walt.  Ca- 
roU  C.  apiifdka  mi^  Lodd. 
Cat. 

2  minor        -        -  366 
C.  BpiifiOia  Lodd.  Cat. 


§  is.  m^eroe&rptB, 

16.  cord^ta  MiU.  -  367 

VUtpOut   PkanSptgrum  L., 

M.  conltUa  Mill.,    C.  vSP^Ui- 

fdlia  Walt.    Car.   and  Pursh 

Sept.,  M.  BcerifbUa  Poir.  Diet. 

17.  spathulilta  Elliot  367 
C.  microeSfyta  Lindl.  Bot. 

Beg.,  C.fi6rida  Godefroy. 
2  georffica    -         -  368 
C.  getrgtea  Lod. 

§  z.  Axardli. 

18.  Azarolui  L.      -  368 
PuriM  Asardlos  Sow.  Com., 

J.  AwJb.  fl/fl. ;  UUpUms  Au^ 


r6lui  iA.  Petf.,  N.  Du  Ram. ; 

NiffUer    A%artae,     Niftier   de 

NmOet,      E'pfne     d'Etpagnf, 

Pommettea  d  dewt  Clous,  Fr.  , 

Azorol    Mitpel^   Ger.;    Axu- 

rwDfo.  Ital.  _    „ 

Van.^la.  tbe^.  Du  Ham, 

are  enumerated:  —  1.   Jtf^s- 

plhis  Jrdnia,  with  the  leaves 

hairy  beneath ;  &   Aaarole, 

with  large  deep-red  fruit :  8. 

Asarole,  with  yellowish  white 

fruit;  4.  Asarole,  with  long 

fruit  of  a  whitish  yellow ;  5. 

Asarole,  with  double  fowers  $ 

6.  The   White   Asarole    of 

Italy.       ...       -869 

19.  (A,)  maroccana  369 

?  C.  maiira  Lin.  fil.  Sup.  ac- 
cording to  Dec. :  Sarrour, 
Arabic. 

20.  i^ronia  Bote     -  370 

M^r^MArdfi^aWilld.Enum, 
SuppL  and  N.  Du  Ham.,  C. 
Asarblus  fi  WUld.  sp.,  C./issa 
Lodd.  Cat. 

21.  orientalis  Bote    371 
Uispihu    oriattdtts   Tourn. 

and  Polr.  Suppl.,  C.  odonift*. 
sima  Bot.  Kep.  and  Lod.  Cat, 
C.  tmuuetifdlia  var.  fi  ta6Hea 
Dec.  Prod. 

2  sanguinea  -  371 

C.  MHWtttnra  Schrad.  Ind. 
Sem.  H.  Ac.  Got.  1834. 
C.  orfentaUB  Lindl.  Bot. 
Reg. 

22.  tanacetiftlia  P.    372 

UhpOta  ianaceKfiMa  Poir. 
Diet,  and  N.  Du  Ham..  M. 
pinndta  Dum.  Cours.,  ?  Me»- 
pUta  CeMkna  Dum.  Cours. 
Suppl.  aoeonUng  to  Dec.: 
LoBotermolo  twrcot  Ital. 

2  gUbra  Lodd,      -  372 

3  Leeana      -         -  372 
C.  Ascita  Lee. 

lAtr$  Seedling,  Hoct. 

$  si.  HeterophyUa. 

23.  heterophylla  F.  374 

$  xii.   Oxyae&nthte, 

24.  Oxyadintha  L.   375 

■Rie  common  Hawthorn.— IV- 
raeSMtha  of  the  Greeks  ;  Mm- 
piius  Oxvacdntka  Gaertn.  and 
N.  Du  Ham. :  B'pfne  Nanehe, 
noble  S'pine,  Sole  de  Mm, 
Scuetteir  Avbipine,  Niftier  Amb- 
(pine,  Fr. ;  Hagedom  gemei- 
nerWeiudom^GeT, ;  Hagetoan, 
Dan.  ;  Hagetom,  Swed. ;  A- 
eanta  da  Stepe,  Avtarolo  saftjo- 
tico,  and  Bianco  Spina,  Ital. ; 
^pino  bUmoo,  Svan.:  White 
rSorny  MaifbuMh,  Qmiek,  (Mek- 
$et,  Maif. 

A.  Varietiei  d^fMng  Jhm  the 
Specif  in  Ae  generai  Form 
and  Mode  qf  Orowtk. 

2  strlcta  Lod,  Cat,    375 
C.  O.  rigida  Ronalds. 

3  p^ndula  Lod,  Cat,  376 

4  reginae  Hort.     -  376 
Queen  Marw*s  7*om. 

5  Ceiaidna  Hort.     37" 


6  c^IbU  Sm.  Ayr  37T 

7  SeiuoH  Sm.  Ayr  3TT 

B-plmicT  Uamm,  Fr. 
9  puDieea  LoACat.  3TT 


10  m61tiplei  Horf.   3TT 

C.  O.jartjJ/ao  Hott. 

Upunieead.  pJ^no37T 

ISmonfinDB         -  377 

C.  iiHiiiSaiBa  Jacq. 

13  aptttim  Lod.Cat.S17 
O.  FtrMta  «fftrimt  tm  Ot 

TnmitFfiwtnilt- 

14  pn'eox  ir«rf.    -  877 
Tb*  GbnoDkarj  Tkani. 

15  ribriicB       -      •  377 


17  meluMcitpi    - 

C.b.itetaUBkLi 
C.nlw&^LlDiU 

18  OtuimllM  -     - 


90  Burutiua  Buedt  379 

91  kucoc^rpa         -  379 
F.  yaritlia  iH^rhitiiikm^ 

38  erioditpa  LinJL   379 
C.  <r<KJ>7a  Lodd.  Ch. 

fiS  obtmitmAi.  i>.  379 
HlmauM  Olftl^mam  M- 

n.  B«.  Etf.  I>«.  Fl! 
C.  OjTJiiirt.  Fl.  Da. 
TV  F^eUt  AiwMiin. 

34  fuerdtalu   fi.     360 

35  laeinUta     -      -  380 
C.  lactam*  UxM.  CU. 

Sfiytaridiniia  -  361 
C.  rortfUte  Lad.  OU- 
37  airpfajlla  Miiiw.  361 
H.  Ftrtala  iUMmt  «•  (4e 
OKMr  VOc  Ltata. 
as  f^tuagreii  £..  C.381 


£5.  jMrrUdUa  AH.  -  3S3 
KfifUmaiaiHi  Pwi.Sn,  i 
H.taM^  P<i4r.  Diet.;  H. 
gmtlkoeArmot  Ua.  U.  Sdppl. : 
H.  ^vviMta  Wan.  ijMd. 
Brtt.;  Ctw'j—  ff^MUn. 
Sp.,  TVn  Ehi. ;  C.  imfera 


CONTENTS. 

Du  Bui ;  C.  tmriimita  Vanh 
C.  ttrUli,  oMliirfi,  hMnftfMla 
jUrlifii.  Umririi  Lodd.  CU. 
I  Csnuirrry-lMvnl  JV™,  isn 

3  fl6rida        -         -  38E 
CJUrtJaljoU.Ca. 

a  groHulariiddtia     383 

C.  Omira  Irixld.  Ci 

S6.  v'agimoi  Lodd.    384 


87.  iDexicaiiR  JIfbc.  SSi 
C.  •Upuliaa  Lodd.  Cu..  - 

$  XT.  Vyrat&ntha. 

88.  FjTac6nthttPm.385 
l«ip^    Vyndrntlta    L. 


'fWfJdCaiWiill.Cit 
XVL  Photi'nm  Z,.  403 

I.  semilHtai^irA      404 

Oridm'galwaira  Tfannh. Fl. 
lip.,    Bol.  Hv.,    Lodd.  But. 


Uifaiia  Z«kU.  404 


3.  int^rifolia  Ziiii;.  405 
D.  Don  FrotT  Fl.  Nop. 

4.  dikbin  Z.»>i£2.       -  405 

MtMpHml  icivBlfiHb  Boib., 
M.  MwiMa  O.  Dob  Prod. 
Fl.  Nn..  CroM'nu  ShlcUi 
JVm.  JVSS. 

XVII.  Cotonea'ster. 


tf^ 


1  erytbrocArpk  Ltd.  406 
S  Tnelanociipa  i>rf.  406 

llgw»i>  CDtawiXcr  Fill . 

M.  mrtiMrify  nKb. 

S  (leprfm    fWa  JVm. 

Aw.,   Dtc.  Prod. 

2.  (v.)  tomentdia  £.406 


Sp..  IDt  L 

iSc.  n.  Fl 


4.  denticulits    -    -  407 

$  ii.  Sub^wnfrea  or  rlaci- 
drntu.  Thll  SSnduorlomi 
Tna. 

5.  frtgida  Wall  -  407 
Pj>rw  iJtiuU  Htm.  in  PnA 


7.  Bcuminata  Zdiuffi,  400 

^S-  ■"--"  — ■ 

e.  Dummulim  Lmdl,409 

a  fOlfUa  Hon.,    griatA. 

irya  Mflfca  Una.,  tiiiwOm 

CuUo    Ben..     fC.  W*bb 


iadiurs.     Lok    ,SHnibi, 
wiApro&tratt  Bnauka  i 
TraHert,     but   ittjt  pro. 
ptrly  Cmptn. 
0.  rotundifolia  WaU.  410 

C.  mieroMII*  fi  irnt*rli 
Uodl.  Doc  Uh.,  C.  V,a.trii 
Uorl. :  tAe  &«rifrTv.Luntf 
«■(»«(  Cb- 

10.  ( 


.)iuxi 


iicrophflla411 
ixifoliafP.411 


XVIII.  AMELjfNCaiER. 
MiBiliH  L,  Pjnu  w., 
Ar»i^Fen. 

ll^j^  MmrA     418 


$  L  Lenru 
I.  vulMris  Lindl. 


tUimltv    km, 

'£  __ 

ft,  KMrr'  i  FcitiOtl  r. 
;  FAnMnu,  Ga. ; 


TdtmiltfUliL. ^— . 

Jtf^gmi  rotHmJffdiia  Uam- 


3.  (v.)  Banguinca   -  4J3 


l.(V)  Bar 


XXIV 


CONTENTS. 


tit  y  roimidffbUa  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. 

4.  (v.)  ovalis  Dec.    413 

CroteVw  apiciUa  Lftm. 
Diet.  ?,  mtpilm  AmeUnchler 
WaU.  Car,,  A.  parvifldra 
Doug.  MSS.;  M.  canadhuit 
var.  m  oviOis  Michx.  Am.,  P^. 
rut  ovdkt  WiUd.  Spw.  Arbtua 
ovSlit  Pen.  Syn. :  Amettm- 
eUer  du  Camada.  JUtter  a  Syi, 
Fr. ;  nmdUSUrtgt  Bime,  Ger. 

2  subcorittta  Dec    414 
Arinia  tubcorddia  Raf. 
M^M  m/crocinMi  Rof. 

3  semi-integrifolia    414 

5.  (v.)fl6ridai;m(//.  414 
Sparvifolia    -      .414 

A.  parvifblia  Hort.  Soe. 

XIX.  AfB'SPILUS  Zr.414 
Tlie  Medlar.^M^«pAw  «». 
of  Lin.  and  others,  Metpiui- 
•P^f^ra  to.  of  Neck. ;  N^JUer^ 
Tr. ;  Mitpa,  Ger. ;  Netpolo, 
Ital. 

1.  germ&nica  L.  -  415 
1  sylv^stris  Aft7.  Z>ic.  41 6 
^  tlt6etBL  Dec  AiL  416 
8  diffiln  2>ee.  Ait,  416 

CmUhmted  Varktiet.  —  1 . 
EUke's  large-fruited  Medlar : 
&  Dutch  Medlar;  a  Nottlag. 
ham,  or  common.  Medlar; 
4.  Stoneleu  Medlar. 

2.  Sinltbtt  Dec.      -  416 

M.  gremd^ftbra  Smith  Bxot. 
Bot ;  M.  lobito  Poir.,  Hook. 
InBot.  Mag. 

XX.  i^^us  Lindl.  417 
The  Pear  Tree._P^rM 
Md/iu  and  S6rbmt  Toum., 
P^rtM  and  SorftMf  L.,  Pffr6- 
pkorum     and     Ap^r^pkontm 

$  i.  I^frfyhontm  Dee. 
1.  commJUiis  L.     •  417 

P.  A^ckrat  Gerto.  Fruct, 
P.  tvMttrit  Dod.  Pempt, 
Pffr&sier  Ray  Syn.:  PoMer, 
Fr. ;  gemefne  Bfrne,  or  5/n«^ 
Aawm,  Ger.;  Pero  domestieo, 
Ital. :  Pero,  Span.  ;  Qrutckka, 
Rustlaa. 

1  ^chras  WaOr.    -  417 

2  Pyr^ter  Wattr.     418 
d  i^liis  variegatiB      4 1 8 

4  fraetu  Yariegito     418 

5  sangniool^nta    -  418 

6  fldre  pUno    -     -  418 
Poire  deFArmhUe  B.  Jard 

7  jaspida        -       »  418 
J9on  Chretien  i  Soit  Jatpf 

Bou  Jard. 

8  8ativa2>ec.    -     -  418 
Subeart.  —  Beurr^    Dlel, 

Beurrfi  de  Bans,  Besi  de  la 
Motte,  Gloat  Morceau,  Na- 
poison,  Swan*s  Egg:  and 
the  JbUowing  Scotdk  Peart 
recommended  hy  Mr.  Gorrie, 
M  forms  adapted  for  land, 
icape  scenery, .  the  Benrle, 


the  Golden  Knap,  the  Elcho, 
the  Basked  I^ady,  and  the 
Fow  Meg        .       .       .419 

2.  (c.)sabnf6\i2LDec.  421 
Aurelian,  br  Orteant  Pear  g 

Poirier  Sauger,  D'Oorch  In 
BiM.  Phys.  EcoD.  Mai,  1817, 
p.  299. 

3.  (c)  nivalis  LtR.^.42] 

4.  (c)  8inMca7%o«m421 

p.  Smii  Desf.  Arb.,  N.  Du 
Ham. ;  P.  ptrtica  Pers.  Syn.  : 
the  Mount  Sinai  Medlar. 

5.  (c.)  raliciiBlia  Z.  422 

P.  elragnifbiia  PaU.,  P. 
orientdlit  Horn.  SuppL,  P. 
(c.)  eUufgnifdlia  Arb.  Brit. 
Isted. 

6.  (c.)amygdalif<SnniB422 

P.  ttflvittrit^  Magnot  Bot, 
P.  tal&ifdiia  LolsTNot. 

7.  sinensis  lAndl,      422 

p.  comminit  Lois.  Cochin, 
P.  dnica  Royle  HI.  :  Bi  ^uigo 
Nat,  Japanese  s  the  Samdif 
Peart  Snow  Pear,  Sand 
Pear  :  Ska  Lee,  Chinese. 

8.  boUwylieri^na    -  423 

p.  hoOwtflUridna  J.  Bauh. 
Hist.,  P.  PoUvitia,  Lin.  Mant., 
p.  auriculdrit  Knoop  Pomol. 

9.  varioldsa  WaU.      424 

P.  P&shia  Ham.  ex  Herb. 
Lin.  Soe. 

10.  Micha{ixii  Bosc  425 

11.  Indica  Colebr,  -  425 

12.  ^falus  L.        -  425 
P.  MaAtfm2ft>WalIr.8ched., 

Md/aw  commknit  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. ; 
Pommter  eonumtn,  Fr. ;  ge- 
meine  Apfelbaum,  Ger. ;  Pero 
Melo  and  Melo  Porno,  ItaL 

13.  (M,)  ac^ba  D.  426 

T^mt  MUmt  auttira  Wallr. 
Sched.,  lAdhu  ae6rba  Merat 
Fl.  Par.,  M.  eommihUt  t^Mt- 
irit  Dedl,  P.  Mihit  tyhittrit 
n.  Dan.,  P.  UiOut  Smith 
Eng.  Bot. :  Pommier  $au»a- 
^on,  Fr. ;  Hobumfiflbamn, 
Ger.;  Melo salvatioo,lttiL 

14.  (M,)  prunifolia  426 

The  Siberian  Crab  ;  P.  Md- 
lutB  h^brida  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
?  Ma/M  Aj^brida  Desf.  Arb. 

15.  (/lf.)bacc^taX.427 

Md^ia  baccdta  Desf.  Arb. 

16.  (AT.)  dioica  W.  427 

P.  ap6tala  Munch.  HauYS., 
Mdlut  dioUa  Audlb.  Cat. 

17.  (M.)  astrac&nica  427 

Mdiut  attracanica  Dum. 
Cours. :  Trannaarent  de  Mot- 
eovie,  Glace  de  Zilamde :  tke 
trantparent  Crab  of  EngUdi 
Nurseries. 

Selection  qf  Fart.  —  The 
Red  Astrachan ;  the  White 
Astrachan ;  the  Black  Crab ; 


the  Coart  pendu  plat :  the 
Lincolnshire  Holland  Pippini 
the  TuUp  Apple ;  the  Violet 
Apple ;  the  Cherry  Crab,  or 
Cherry  Apple  ;  the  Supreme 
Crab ;  Blgg*s  Everlasting 
Crab       •       -       -       -  4K 

18.  coronkria  L.    -  429 

Mdlmteorondria  MiU. :  Crab 
Apple,  tke  tweet-^eenUd  Crab, 
Amer. 

19.  (c.)  angustifolia  430 

p.  eorondrta  Wang.  Amer., 
Md/itt  tempervhrent  Desf. 
Arb.,  P.  pkmila  Hort. 

20.  spectdbilis  Ait.    431 

The  Chinese  Crab  Tree. — 
Mdint  tpeetdbiUt  Desf.  Arb., 
N.  Da  Ham. ;  Mites  tinintit 
Dum.  Cours. 

Spectet  of  ttkick  there  are  onl^ 

vertf  young  Planit  ns  ArMM 

Gardetu. 

P.  Sies^knii  Led.  Fl.  Alt.  .  432 

P.   no».  tp.  Sierers  in  Pall. 

Nord.  Beitr. 
P.  Sch6tt«Y  Ledeb.      •     .433 
P.  stipuUcea  Hort.      -     -  432 

§  iil.  A^ria  Dec 

21.  A^a  Ehrh.      -  432 
Cratofjgut  iCria  var.  tt  Lin. 

Sp.,  MitpOut  AVia  Scop. ; 
SSrbut  A'rta  Crantz  Au^.  i 
AVa  Tkeopkratti  VObel : 
wkite  wild  Pear,  wkiie  Leaf 
Tree,  red  Ckest-Apple,  Sea 
Outer,  Cumberland  Hawtkom, 
Gerard :  Aliiier  AUonckier, 
Alitier  blanc,  Fr. ;  MehXbeer- 
baum^  or  Meklbamm,  Ger. ; 
Aria,  or  Sorba  montana,  Ital. ; 
Mottaoo,  Span. ;  Axelbeer,I>Bn.t 
Oxitbeer,  Swed. 

1  obtusifolia  Dec  433 
P.  A.  ovilit  Hort. 

2  acutifolia  Dec  433 
Cratmjgut    longifblia  N. 

Du  Ham. 
?  P^rwt  alpma  WiUd.  En. 

3  unduUta  Lindi     433 

4  angustifolia  LindL4SS 
P.  A.  UmgifbUa  Hort. 

5  rugosa  LindL     -  433 

6  cr^ica  UndL  -  433 
P.  A  rotundifblia  Hort. ; 
P.  gra[\a  Hort. 

P.  A.  edblit  Hort 
Cratte^gutgra^ca  Hort. 

7  bttlUta  LindL  -  433 
P.  A.  acuminiHa  Hort. 

22.  {A.)  intermedia  434 

Cratai'gut  A^rto  B  Lin.  Sp., 
C.  tcandiea  Wahlenb.,  C. 
tuicica  Ait. :  Alitier  de  Fan- 
tainebteau,  Fr. ;  Sckweditcker 
Meklbaum,  Ger. 

1  latifolia  -  .  434 
CraUtTgut  lati/blia  Poir. 

Diet.,  Du  Ham. 
Sbrbus  latifblia  Pers. 
Cratte'^gu^  dentiUa  Thuil. 

2  angustifolia  -  -  435 
P.  edUii  WiUd.  Enum. 

23.  vestlta  WaU,    -  435 

P^nci     nepalSntit      Hort. ; 
*ut    vetUta    Lodd.     Cat. 


P^# 
S^t 


CONTENTS. 


XXV 


1S36  s  P.  ereu^ia  D.  Don  Proi. 
Fl.  Nep. 

S  iv.  Torminaria  Dec. 

24.  torminalis  Ehrh,  436 

CroteVw  tormfmiiit  Lin. 
Sp.,  Smith  Bag.  Bot ;  Sdrbm 
torminiUg  Cnuti  Anatr. :  Oe 
Maple. leaved  Serwiee  TYee: 
AliMier  de  BoU,  Fr.;  Ebtbeer^ 
bamm,  Qer. ;  aawardeUo,  or 
MamgiareUo,  Ital. 

25.  rivullbris  Dough  437 
Pow^ld,  the  name  of  the 

fruit  in  the  language   of  the 
Cfaenook  tribe  of  Indiiuu. 

§  ▼.  EriSkbut  Dec. 

26.  trilobata  Dec.  -  437 

^CraU^fn  trOMia  LabllL, 
Polr.  Soppl. 

§  tL  S6yim$  Dec. 

27.  aoriculita  Dec,   438 

86rbm  amrienldta  Pen.  Syn. 

28.  pinnadiida  Ehrh,  438 
Salter  Ai^ftricia  Lin.,  Dec  ; 

P.yrKs  h^riUa  Smith  FL  Brit.* 
not  of  WUld. :  Ike  Bastard  Ser- 
vice Tree, 

S  lanugindsa  -      -  438 

3  p^idula     -         -  439 
S.  h^frida  phtdmla  Lod. 

4  arbiiscula  Dec.  -  439 

29.  aucup^a  Gtertn,  439 

The  Mountain  Ash  _  Sdrbm 
auet^ria  Lin.  Sp. ;  VUa^Uu 
aucMria  AIL :  IhUcken  Tree, 
Qmick  Beam,  wild  Ask,  wild 
Service^  fVicken  Tree,  Rowan 
Tree^  Rowne  Tree,  Roan  Tree, 
Roddam,  RotUrp,  Movntaiu  &r. 
9fee,  Witcken,  wild  Sorb, 
frktebett,  Wkitiem,  Wiggen 
Tree:  Sorbier de$  Oiseleurs, or 
Sorbierdes  Oiselaus,  Fr. ;  Fogel 
Beerbaum,  Ger. ;  Sorbo  saha- 
tieo,  Ital. 

Sfructuluteo  -     -  439 

3  foliis  Tarieg^tiB  -  439 

4  ftstigiiLU     -        -  439 

30.  americana  lyec,   440 

SMms  ameriedma  Ph.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  Willd.  Etaum. ; 
S.  americdna  var.  fi  Mlchz.  II. 
Amer. ;  P.  camut6mis  Hort. 

31.  microcarpa  Z^c.  441 

Sdrbus  aueapdria  m  Ms.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  S.  nUcr&nika  Dum. 
Coun^  S.microcirpa  Ph.  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept. 

32.  iS6rbu8  GcbHu.  -  442 
The  True  Senrice SSrbas 

-omtsUea  Lin.  Sp. ;  Pi 
mi6sHea  Smith  in  Eni 


domUtiea  Lin.  Sp. ;  Vbrus  do- 
»^*iiea  Smith  ib  EnJ.  Bot., 
Wallr.  Ann.  Bot..  Don^f  Hill. : 
tke  WktUp  Pear  Tree:  Cor- 
mier, or  Sorbier  csdiM,  Fr. ; 
^ew^rlin^tbamm,  or  Sperber- 
bamm,  G«r.;  Sorbo  domestieo, 
jtu. 

2  maUformis  Lodd.  443 
La  Corme-Tomme,  Fr. 

S  P7rif6nnis  Lodd.  442 
La  Corme-Potrt,  Fr. 


S3.  Ianugin6sa  i^r.   443 

P.  hSht^  lammgimbsa  Hort., 
adrbms  Unuu(inbia  KiC  hi  Utt., 
and  Lodd.  Cat 

34.  spi^ria2>rr.  -    -  444 
P.  h^bHda   Moench    Wei«s. 

96rbms  spiiria  Per*.  Syn.,  His- 
pOms  torb{fdUa  Boic.  ft  Watc., 
Dend.  Brit,  not  of  Smith  ;  P. 
MombtKifbUa  Cham,  and  Don's 

2  p^ndula  Sort.    -  445 
8.  kpbrida  ptmdmla  Lod. 
P-    MkHa     %ambacifbUa 
Hon.  Brit. 

35.  folioldsa  WaU,  -  445 

other  Spedes^P,  hhrdna  Watt, 
Cat,  •  .  ,445 

§  Tii.  Aden6rack{a  Dec 

36.  mimtifbliaX.jf/.  446 

Crat^e^gus  pffr(fblia  Lam. 
Diet.,  ArdmVi  pyrifblia  Pers. 
Syn.,  JCrattB^gmsserrdtaPiAT. 
Suppl.,  VUspOus  arbutffblia 
Schmidt  Arb.,  Mill.  Diet. 

2  intermedia  LindL  446 

3  8er6tina  LindL  -  446 

4  pi^mila      -        -  446 
M£spilus  phnda  Lodd. 

37.  (a.)  melanoc&rpa  447 

P.  vbatifdUa  fi  WiOd.  Sp., 

Ardnia  TbutifbUa  Pers.  Srn., 

Mispilui  capltdta  Lodd.,    M. 

Aorib6nda  Lodd.,    M.  pbbens 

Lodd.  Cat. 

2  subpub^scens  L,    447 


38.  (a.)ilorib6ndai:r.  447 

39.  (a.)  depr^saaX.  448 

40.  (a.)  pi^bens  L,  -  448 

41.  (a)  gi^ndifdllaZr.  448 

§  viii.  ChamamitpUus  Dec 

42.  Chamaem^spilus  449 
Cratte'gms     CkanmmUpiku 

Jacq.  Austr.,M^i7w  Ckama- 
mfspihiM  Lin.  Sp.,  S6rbus  Cha- 
nutmfspilus  Crants  Austr.:  tke 
Bastard  Qrnnee ;  niedriger  Mis. 
pelbaum,  Ger. ;    Camemsspolo, 

Other  Species  </  T^rus-.-P. 
alnifblia  Lnuf/.,  P.tomeutbsa 
Dec.  Prod,,  "Mdlus  tomentdta 
Dum.  Cours.,  P.  rubictlnda 
Htfffhuuts. 

XXI.  Cydo'NIa  T,  -  450 

The  Quince  Tree. .- Partes 
SB.  Lin.,  Coigmusier,  n>.  ; 
Quittenbaum,    Ger.;   Colagno, 

l,yu[glLnuPers,      -450 
T^rm  CMfdiua  Lin.  Sp.,  Jaoq. 
Austr.;;  u.  europte^a  Sar. 

1  pyrif6rmM  /Torf.   450 

2  maliformis  Hort,  450 

3  littitanica  2>u  H.  451 

2.  sinensis  T^oum  -  451 
P^TM  shttnsis  Polr.  SuppL 

3.  japonica  P^«.  -  452 
TPirMS  jap&nica  Thunb.  Fl. 


Jap.  and  BoC.  Mw.,   Cktemo- 
miles  Japbnica  Lin£.  Lin.  Tr. 

2  flore  iUbo     -      .  452 

3  fl.  ■^mi-pldno     -  452 

Calycantfidce<B. 
I.  Caltca^nthcs  L,  452 

American  Allspice.  —  Calg- 
efntki  sn,  Lln^  Lam.,  Wilid.; 
^tfftn^ria  DmHom^  not  of  Lin.: 
^urririM,  Mkrei  Piet,  s  Bas* 
wHa  Adans,  Fam,:  Pompa- 
Mru  Buekox  i  Calgcdntke, 
Fr.  ;  GewSrxstrauek  (spice 
fbnib),  Keick  Blume,  Ger.; 
Calieanto,  Ital. 

I.  fl6riduB  L,    "    ^  453 

The  CaroUna  AUspice.  — C. 
sUrili»^f^aXl.  Car.:  $weehaeented 
skrub,  in  CaroUna  ;  common 
American  AUspiee :  Cafycantke 
<fe^  C<mvMK,Fr. ;  Caroliniscke 
KHek  BInme,  Ger. ;  Pompadur 

1  oblongus  Dee,    -  453 

2  oviitiifl  /)«?.  -     -  453 

3  ospIcnifdliusZ.  C.  453 

4  figroz  Xodct  C^.    453 

5  glaiicus /.odL  Cof.  453 

6  inoddru8/.od.  Cat,  453 

7  longifolius/xMiL  C.  453 

8  varieg4tmXod.  C.  453 

2.  (f. )  gla6cii8  Wmd,  454 

C.  .^»^A:s  Walt.  Car..  Undl. 
Bot.  Reg.,  Guimp.  Abb.  Hols., 
Don's  Mill. :  tkefertile-Jlowered 
American  Attsmee, 

2  oblongifeliusiVtcf.  454 
a  obUmgifblims  Hort 

3.  (f.)  laeyijktufi  W,  454 

C.  /eras  Ifichaux  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  C.pennsjflvSnicus  Lod. 
Cat 

II.  Chimona'nthus  L. 

The  Winter  Flower.  ~J#«- 
rititiNees  Act.8oe.Nat.Bomn, 
Cafycdntkisp.  Linn. 

1.  fr&grans  Lindl,   -  455 

CalucHntkMupro'^cos  Lin.  Sp., 
Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  Curt  Bot 
Mag.,  Lam.  III. ;  Merdll»  frd- 

Sans  Nees  Act  Soc.  Nat. 
mn. ;  (Tbai,  or  Rbbai  Kannpf. 
Amer.:  ike  Winter  Flower i 
CalffcanU  de  Japon,  Fr. ;  Ja- 
paniseke  Keiek  Btume,  Ger. 

2  grandiflorus  Ztmf.455 

3  Idtetui  HoH.        -  455 

4  parviflorus  Hort.   455 

GranatdcLce. 

I.  PoViiCA  Tottm.  456 
The  Pomegranate  Tree.— 
Tke  Cartkaginian  Apple :  Gre- 
nadier, Fr. ;  Granate,  Ger. ; 
Melograno,  Ital.}  Granados, 
Span. 

1.  (rraniitum  L,    -  456 
1  Ti:kbruinI>ee./Voc2.456 

5  riib.fl.pl.  TVew   •  457 
3alb^feeiisI>ec.lV.  457 


XXVI 


CONTENTS. 


4  alb^soens  fl.pl^o  457 

5  flAvmn  Hort,  -  457 
2.  (G.)  niUia  L.     -  457 

F.  amerieina  ndna  Toum., 
P.  Grandtmm  nikntm  Pars. 

TamaricdcetB, 

I.  Ta'harix  Det9.  468 

The  Ttaaaxix^Tke  tpedes  qf 
Tdntarix  qf  author*  thai  haw 
4-0  stamens:  Tamaris,  Fr.*, 
Tamariska^  Ger.;  romoricr, 
Ital. 

l.gdUica  L.  -458 

T.  narhoninsis  Lob.  Ic, 
Tamariseus  gdttieus  All.,  Ta- 
OTurMCM  pentandrus  Lam.  FI. 
Fr.,  not  of  Pall. :  MMeey  Ital. 

Varieties        -       -       -  488 

II.  Myrica'riaDm.  459 

7^0  species  qf  T&marix  qf 
authors  that  havemoaaddphous 
stamens. 

1.  germanica  Detv,    459 

TamariJt  germhnica  Lin. 
Sp.,  Tamansens  dec6ftdrus 
Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Tamusiz  dee&n- 
dra  Moencb,  Tamariseus  ger- 
manieus  Lob.  Ic:  Tamaris 
tTAHemagnet  Fr. ;  Deutschen 
Tamarislke*t  Ger.  \  Tamarigia 
piccola^  Ital. 

2  dahikrica  2>ee.     -  459 
T^OTari^c  dcMrica    WUld. 
Act.  Berol. 

VkiladelpJidcecs. 

I.  PHILADB'LPHU8Zf.460 
The  MockOrange.  — Syringa 
7otim.  Insi*,  not  of  Lin. :  Phi- 
ladelphus^  Fr. ;  P/eifenstraueh 
(pipeshrub)^  G&.\JMadelpk9, 
Ual. ;  P^  Pri«e<,  Gerard; 
the  Sgringa  of  the  gardaai. 

§  L  Stems  stiff  and  airaiffht. 
Flowers  in  Racemes. 

1.  coronarius  L,    -  460 

Syrlnga  suaviolens  Moench 
BCeth.:  wohlriechender  P/eff- 
enstrauAt  Ger.;  Fior  angioio, 
Ital. 

1  Tulg^m  Sch,Han.46} 

2  n^nus  MiO.  Diet.  461 
S  flore  pldno  L.  Cat.^61 
4  varieg^tus  L.  Cat.  461 


2.  (c.)  iaoddnis  Xf.  461 


Ital. 

3.(c.)  ZethenSch.461 

4.  verrucdsus  Schrad.4S2 

¥.  graadifibrus  LindL  Bot 
Reg.,  Lodd.  Cat.  1836, 

5.  (v.)  latiCblius  8ch.A/^% 

p.   pubiscems     Cell.   Hort., 
Lois.  Herb.  Amat. 

6.  (v.)ilorib&iicUi8  S.  463 


7.  speadsus  St^ad.  463 

p.  ffoiMlMdna  of  German 
gardeners,  r .  grandiflbrus  lax- 
us  of  other  gardeners. 

8.  Oordomanttf  Lin.  4-63 

§  U.  SUm»  more  slender, 
rambling,  twiggy,  and 
looee.  Flowers  solitary, 
or  2  or  3  together. 

9.  l&xus  Sckrad.  -  464 
V.himais  Hort..  T.puUs- 

sens  Lodd.  Cat.  1836. 

10.  (!•)  grendifl^rus  464 

p.  inodhrus  Hort.,  P.  l&sus 
Lodd.  Cat.  1836 

11.  hirsutus  J^tt^.  -  464 

p.  HUbsus  Ix>dd.  Cat.,  P. 
gr&cOis  Lodd.  Cat. 

12.  tomentdsus  Wali.i65 

p.  nepalSnsis  Lodd.  Cat. 
1886,   ?f.trifldrus  Boyle. 

Other  Species  qfPhiiadtlphus.— 
P.  mexicinus  Sch.    -       465 

IL  Deu  tzIA  Thun.  465 

VhiladtlphtUt  In  part;  Lep- 
tosptrmum,  in  part.    - 

1.  scabra       -        -  466 

2.  (s.)  cor3nnb68a     466 

D.eaniscens  Sieboldt,  PM- 
ladilphus  oorymbdstu  Wall. 

Other  Species  of  Deiixisu  —  D. 
staminea  R.  Br.{yhilad£lphus 
slan^ne^u  W.),  D.  Brunon/a 
YfaU.  _(Lq»to^rmum  scd^ 
brum  w.)       -       •       -  466 

IIL  Decuma'riaX.  466 

Fors^lMsL  Walt.,  not  of  Vahl. 
l.b&rbaral/.    -     -  467 

D.  nuBcans  Mcench  Meth., 
D.  Forspthia  Michx.  FL  Bor. 
Amer.,  D.  prosirdta  Lodd. 
Cat. 

2  sannentosa  Dec.    467 
D.sarmenidsa  Bosc. 
ForspthAz  scdndens  Walt. 

Nitraridcea* 

I.  Nitra'ria  L.    -  468 
1.  6ch6beri  L.       -  468 

1  aiblrica     -  468 
N.  sOnrica  Pall.  Fl.  Rom. 

2  c4spica       -         -  468 
N.  c&spiea  PaU.  Fl.  Ross. 

Other  Specks  of  NOrhria.  —  N. 
trldeotitaDe^f.    •       -    468. 

Grosstdctcea* 
I.  Rinses  L.    -     -  468 

Grossuldria  Toum. ;  Chry* 
sob6tryat  CaiobStrya^  CoreSsma, 
and  Bebes  Sp€uh  :  Oroseiller; 
Fr. ;  Johannisbeeret  Ger. ; 
Kruisbes,  Dutch;  Uva  Bpina^ 
Ital. ;  Qrossettat  Span. 

§  L    GV«M«2dri€B  Atih. 
Gooseberries. 

GrosdUer  d  Ma^ttereau,  Fr. ; 


Stachetbeere  S/rasKhy  Ger. ; 
Kruisbes,  Dutch  :  Uva  Spiita, 
Ital.  J  Groselia,  Span. 


A.    Flowers  greenish  white. 

1.  oxyacanthoides  Xf.469 

2.  setdsum  Undl.      470 

3.  trifldrum  W.      -  470 

R.  damineum  Horn.  Enum. 
Hort.  Hafb.;  R.  t.  mdjus 
Hort. 

4.  (t)  nWeum  lAndl.MO 

5.  (t.)  Cyn68bati  L.  471 

R.  f  tri/lorum  var. 

1  frdctuglabro     -  471 

2  firdctu  aculeato  -  471 

6.  (t.)divaricatiimD.471 

R.  ftrifibrum  var.^  R. 
f  Grossuldria  var.  triflbra 
SMibsar. 

7.  (t.}  irriguum  Doti.  472 

R.  ftrifibrum  var. 

8.  hirtellum  Afic4r.  472 

9.  gr&cile  Miduc.       472 

10.  aciculare  Stmih.  472 
R.  Vva-crispa    Sievers    in 

Pall.  Nord.  Beytr.,  ?  Pall.  Fl. 
Ross. 

11.  Grossularial'.    473 

R.  IPva  critpa  (£d.  Fl. 
Dan.,  Grossuldria  hirshta^ 
Mill.  Diet.,  R.  ITva-crispa 
var.  6.  saOva  Dec.  FI.  Fr. : 
Ftaberry,  Cheshire  and  the 
North  of  England ;  Feabes, 
Norfolk;  Groxert,  in  Scot- 
land :  Groseitier  d  Maquereau, 
Fr. ;  GHseUcy  in  Piedmont; 
gemeine  Stachelbeere,  Ger. ; 
uvaSoina,  Ital. 

2  ITva-crispa  Smith  473 
R.  ir«a-oi«|Mi  Lin.  Sp. 
IPva-crispa  Fuch.  Hist. 
CTvo-jiplna  Iftath.  Valgr. 
R.  IPva  crispa  var.  I  syl' 

vistris  Berlandier. 

3  spinosissixiia  BerL  473 

4  reclinata  J9er?.  -  473 
R.  redindtum  Ltn.  Sp. 
Grossuldria  redindta  Mil. 

Diet. 

5  Bessert^na  Berl.  473 
R.  h^bridum  Besser. 

6  subiD^rmis  BerL    473 

7  macrocArpa  i>ec.    473 

8  bractdlta  Berl  -  473 

9  himalayana  -  473 
R.  himakqfdnum  Boyle. 

Other  Vartettes^The  Red 
Champagne,  or  Ironmon- 
ger, '  Horseman's  Greeo- 
Gage,  the  Red. 

B.  Flowers  red. 

12.  spcciosuraPi/rM  474 
VLstmiineum  Smith  inRees's 

Cyd.,  Dec.  Prod. ;  ?  R./««**- 
U)1des  Fl.  Mejt.  ic.  ined. ;  R. 
triac&nthum  If  encies. 


CONTENTS. 


XXVll 


)3.  MenzieanPh.  -  475 

tLJUrox  Smith  in  Bees*s  Cyd. 

Other  Specie$,  —■  R.  mlcrophf  1- 
lam  H,  S.  et  Kmmth. 

§  u.  Botrifcarpmik  Dee. 

14.  orientide  Pocr.  -  475 

15.  sax&tile  PaU.    -  475 
?  R.  atphmm  Sieren  in  Pall. 

Nord*  B6jtr> 

16.  Diacantha  L./U,  475 

17.  lacustre  Potr.   -  476 

?  R.  02ydMniA6VevMichx.FI. 
Bor.  Ajner. 

2  ediini^tuni  -  -  476 
R.  eehimdtum  Doofl.MS. 
R.  0rm^im  Hort. 


§  uL  Ribdsla  D, 
CornmU. 
RXbM  specie*  of  Limurai  md 
others ;  CahOoinfa^  Cort6tma 
and  RMb  Spach:  Groaeaia 
en  Grappa,  or  GroitiUier 
comnnmJYr. ;  Jokamnisbeere^ 
Gcr. ;  .wiiriiiftoawi,  Dutch  t 
ilA«f ,  Ital. 

A.  Flowengreemisk^orgreemUk 
ftUow^  or  reddish  ;  omf  A«if , 
nBawatf&afe,re«f. 

18.  rubrum  L.       -  477 

R.  vtJgitre   N.   Da  Ham.; 
OrMeOUer  commwi,  Fr. :  f^e- 

Jalbe$$en  Boom,  Dutch  ;  lUbci 
ro$to,  Ital. 

1  ajK^re  Dec.  Pr.  477 
S  faort^nse  Dec.    -    477 
R.  rubrum  Loll.    Mout. 
Diet. 

3  durneum  ^er/L  Af.  477 
R.    rfi6mm    donfttiewM 

SMeeNT  c^Smedr  Wallr. 
Sched. 

4  variegitum  Dec    477 

5  iUbimi  Dee/.  Gi^   477 

6  foliis  luteo  varieg&tis 

Dmh.     -         .  477 

7  i51iis   ilbo  varieg^ktis 

Duh.     -         -  477 

8  sibiricum  OldaJur  477 


24.  (r).  ftlbin^nmm  479 

25.  acaminktum  H^.  479 

26.  (r.)trf6diim  J£r.  479 


.  (r.)  alpinam  L.  477 

I.  d/aicttm  Hasten. 


19. 
R. 

1  at^rile  WaOr,  SehecL  477 
R.  cMncMt  Memch  MeCfa. 

2  bandfenim  WaUr.  478 
S  piimilum  XlmSL  -  478 
4  Iftlik  VBri«g4tis  •  478 

20.  (r. )  petr»\nn  W.  478 

R.  fl/jpliMwiiDelarh.  Anyergn.: 
SAe$corailhto  ItaL :  thewoMM- 
temed  CmrraU  Ihe  rod  MarA- 


21.  (r.)  spid^tum  R.  478 

ThoTreeCurraiU, 

22.  (r.)  carp6thicum  479 
R.  aUtfimmm  Rodifll  ex R. 

eC  Scboltei. 

23.  (r.)  maltifidnim  479 

R.  spAsdlMis  Scfattltei  <£8tr. 
F1.  ed.  1.,  R.  TAtrMteM  Hort. 


grtemtA    peUoto, 

I  toith  the  Tips  of  the 

Sepali  amd  Petals  red.  ttmU 
black, 

27.  nigrum  L.  -     -  480 

R.  tfUAMiMcenchMeth.:  Capis 
and  Poiorier,  Fr. ;  sehwartxe 
JoAofMafteere,  Ger.;  Bibesne- 
ro,Ital. 

2  b6oeafl4vidaD<»i.48] 

Sb^ccaTiridi^ori.  481 

4  ^liia  yariegjltis  F.  48 1 

SeleeOon  qf  Garden  Va- 
rieties. —  Black  Kaplee, 
large  Black. 

28.(n.)iHatePai/.-481 
R.  aUdicmm  Lodd.  Cat. 

29.  (n.)  fl6ridum    -  481 

R.wtojMWi  S  Lin.  Sp.,  R. 
pemu^wmcum  Lam.  Diet., 
R.fvc«rvdlwm  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  BibMiim  ■toraai,  Ac, 
DiU.  Elth. 

2  mndiflonim  J5roff.482 
B^r^ens  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 

5  paryifloram  Dbrt  482 

B^mneriedmmmmiU 
R.  penmsyloameitm  Ceis. 
R.  caiw/Mimittlitiii  Hort. 

30.  (n.)  prociiinbens  482 

R.  po^airpon  Gmd.  Syet. 
Veg. 

31.  (D.)pro8tratuin  482 

R.  glamdulbntm  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.  ed  1.,  R.  conoiilMeeLod. 

2  laziflonim  -       -  482 
R.  t^Tne  DquoI.  KSS. 
R.  loMifibnim  Parsh  Amer. 
Sept. 

32.  (n.)  resmdsumP.  482 
R.  orfoi/afe  Catrge,  R.redf- 

Hort. 


e 


33.  (n.)  punct^tuiD  482 

R.  gUmiMdemm  R.  ft  P.  Fl. 
Per.,  not  of  Alt.,  Don's  MiU. 

34.  (o.)    heter6tricbum 

Meyer    -       -  483 

35.  (n.)  bractedsum  483 

36.  (n.)     viscoslssuQum 

JPunh   -        -  484 
Core&ema  oisoosissima  Spaeh. 
Ann.  des  Sden.  Nat.  1886. 

37.  (n.)    hudsoniiknain 

Bickardion    -  484 
B^pet^fOre  Doogl.  Hort  Tr. 

38.  gladMe  WaU,  -  484 

39.  Wbriaiis  Zmii;  485 

40.  cereuiD  Dough  •  485 


G.  Flowers 


»  deaa 
black. 


red.    PhOl 


41.  sangulneum  P.  -486 

R.mal»8egww  Smith  in  Rees's 


.  Cycl.,    Catobdtrffa    samgainea 
I  Spach. 


-  486 
Benth. 
Hort.  Trans. 
R.  oa^tum  Dougl.  MS. 

3  malvaceum    -     -  486 
R.  maJr^cnim  Benth. 

4  fltro-riibeiis  Hort,  486 

42.  atro-purpilreuin  487 

1  Flowers  deep  purple. 
Leaves  ratber  pu- 
bescent beneath,  but 
smooth  and  glabrous 
abov^  as  well  as  the 
branches. 

2  X<eaves  rather  pu- 
bescent beneath,  but 
hispid  from  bristles 
above,  as  well  as  the 
petioles  and  stems. 

3  Flowers  paler.  Leaves 
pubescent  above,  but 
most  pubescent  below. 
Branches  smooth. 

$  iv.  SympkHmt^x  I>ec 

43.  a^reum  PuTfA  -487 

R.palOTdfii{fi  Desr.Cat.  Hort. 
Perls,  Chr^sobCtnfa  reool^ta 
Spach. 

1  prse'^coz  lAndL  -  487 
R.  Jirigrtms  Lodd.  Bot. 

Cahk 

2  villdsum  Dee.  Pr.  488 
R.    longifidrum     Fraser 

Catal. 

3  8er6tinum  LnuU,  488 

44.  (a.)  tenuiflorum  488 

R.  a^reum  Colla  Hort.  Rip. 
Append.,  R.  iUvsim  Berl.  in 
Dec.  Prod.,  B.  missouriSnsis 
Hort.,  ChrpoobStrifaLtmdlepinsi 
Spach. 

1  firiictu  nigro  -     -  488 

2  fr6ctu  liiteo    -       488 

45.  (a.)  flavum  CoU,  488 

R.  a6reym  8  sangmhteum 
Lindl.  hi  Hort.  Trans.,  R. 
patmdtum  Desf.  Hort.  Par.,  R. 
a^reum  Ker  Bot.  Reg.,  not  of 
Pursh ;  ChrifSob6tr$a  inter' 
midia  Spach. 

EscaUom^eB^ 
1.  Ptba  i.  -       -  489 

Cedrila  Iiour. ;  Vicon&ngia 
Mlcbx. 

1.  virginica  Z*.        •  490 

H.   E8CALLO'N/ilM.490 
Stere6gybm  R.  *  P.  Fl.  Per. 
Prod. 

1.  riibra  Pert,         -  490 
StereSevbm  rlibrvm  K  &  P. 

1  glabri^scula  ffpok,  ei 

Am,      -         -  490 

2  albifldra  Hk.  et  A,  491 
B.  glamdulbsa  Boi.  Cab. 

3  puMboens H, ttAL^Ql 


xxviii 


CONTENTS. 


2.  montevid^nsis  2>.  49 1 

B.JIoriMinda  var.  fi  montevi- 
d6n*i9  Schlecht.  In  Llniupa; 
E.  bifida  Unk  et  Otto  AbbUd. 

S  floribiinda  -  -  491 
E,  Jlorib6nda  H.  B.  et  K. 

3.  illinita  Presl      -  4'91 

OtMer  Specie*  qf  E9adU»n\K, 
>-B.  redndM  Pert.  (Stere- 
6*yUm  re»M>ntm  Ruii  et 
Pavon),  E.  pulTeru]  tota  Pert. 
{Stere6subm  pmlveruUninm 
Ruis  et  Paron)       -      -  491 

Saxifrdg€de» 

IVibe  Htd&a'nokjb. 
I.  Htdra'ngea  jL.  492 

Hffdrdngea  and  HorthuHtL 
Juss. :  Idrtmgea,  Ital. 

A.    Species  Kaiives  qf  North 
Antericti. 

1.  arbor^cens  L.  -  492 

H.  vwdMdrtM  Michx.  FI.  Bor. 
Amer.,  H,  firtOUeem  Moench 
Hethi 

2  discolor  Ser.       -  493 

2.  (a.)cordataP«rM  493 
2  ffe6rgica    -         -  493 

H.  g^giea  Lodd.  C^at. 

3.  nivea  Michx,  -  493 
H.  radiata  Wal.  Fl.  Car.,  not 

ofSm. 

2  glabella  &r.       .  493 

4.j^uercif61ia  Bartr.  493 
H  radidta  Smith  loon.  Plct. 
12.,  but  not  of  Walt. 

B.  Specie*  Native*  qf  Asieu 

5.  heteroro&lla  Don  494 

6.  altfssima  fFd/.  .  494 

Otker  Specie*  of  Hudrdngea.-^ 
H.  HortfosM  Sleb.  (^.  Aor. 
<^fim  Smith),  H.  vestlta 
Watt 494 

Umbelldcede. 

I.    .SUFLBU'RUM  T,   495 

The  Hare*8  Ear.  —  Ten^ria, 
and  BuprfsW*  Spreng.  Syst. : 
Jfupliore,  or  Orriile  de  Uevre^ 
Ft.  ;  HatenSArUen,  Ger. 

1.  fruticdsum  Zr.  -  495 
7(mdria /WiXfcdM  Spreng.  in 
Schultes  Syit.;  hupristi*  fru- 
ticd*a  Spreng.  Mag. ;  8(seli 
ietAiSpicumBkah.  ria.i  S6*eli 
/HOtx  Mor.  Umb. 

Otker  Specie*  qf  BtmleUrum.— 
B.  ft-ut§scens  L.,  B.  glbralUU 
rlca  Lam.  (B.  arbord*cen* 
Jaoq.IcR.)  -       -       -    495 


jlralidcece. 
I.  Arabia  Zf.        *  496 

The  Angelica  Tree —  ArdUa 
*p.  Lin.,  ArdUm  vent  Blam. 

K  spindsa  Xr.  -       -  496 
Araiiet  Fr.  and  Ger..;  Angelica 


*mMO*a,  ItaLs   Spikenard,  N. 
Amer. 

2.  jap6nica  7%unb.    497 

II.  /Te^dera  Swartz  497 
The  Xry — ArAb'aeeet,  Gym- 
HOjOarwH  Blum.  BUdr.,  lUdera 
and  AriUa  ».  Lin.  :  Lierre^ 
Fr.;  £/rA«ii,  Ger. t  fclrra,  Ital. 

J.  /Telix  i.   .        -  497 

1  vulg&ris  Dee,     -  498 

2  canari^nsis  Dec.     498 
H.  canarOnti*  WiUd. 
rA«  /r^A,  or  G/mK,  /ey. 

?  3  chrysocdrpa  2>ee.   498 
H.  poitica  C.  Bauh. 
H.  chry*ocSrpo*  Daledi. 
H.  Di<m0*ia*  J.  Bauh. 
R  H^Z/x  Wall. 

4  fol.  arg^nteis  L.  C.  498 

5  foliis  adreis  X.  C.  498 

6  digitiu  I.<NiL  Ozf.  498 

7  arbor^scens  Z.  C.  498 

HamamelidctcetB* 
I.  ZTahameYis  Zf.    499 

The  Wych  Haiel.  —  TriBhm* 
Mith.  Act.  Acad.  Nat.  Cur.  & 
App. :  Hamamelidet  ItaL 

1.  virgfnicaX.        -  499 

HamameUe  de  Firginie^  Fr. ; 
Virginiecke  Zauhemmu,  G^r. ; 
Pi*tacckio  nera  detta  Virginia, 
Ital. 

2  parvifdiia  Nult.  -  499 

3  macroph^Ua       -  499 
H.  tnacropk^Ila  Purih. 

II.  Fothergi'll^  L. 
1.  alnif51ia  L.         .  500 

P.  Gdrdeni  Micks.  Fl  Bor. 
Amer.,  Hamati^U*  monoica 
Lin.  ex  Smith  in  Rees*s  Cyd. 

1  obtiisa  Sim*  B.  M.  500 
P.  mdjor  Bot.  Cab. 
P.  alnifdiia  Lin.  fll.  Sup. 

2  acikta  Stmt  -       .  /KX) 
P.  GSrdenl  Jacg.  Ic.  Bar, 

3  major  Sinu  B.  M.  500 

Conidceie. 

I.  Co^RNUs  L,       -  501 
The  Dogwood — ComouiUer, 
Fr. ;    Hartrieget,   Ger. ;    Cor- 
niolo,  lUl. 

§  L  Nttdifibra  Dec. 

A.  Leave*  aUemate. 

1.  alternif5lia  L,    -  501 
C.  <Ut6ma  Manh. 

B.  Leave*  oppotUe. 

2.  sangufnea  Zr.     -  502 

C.  foB*mina  Rai.  Syn.,  Virga 
*anpunea  Matth.  Valgr. :  Fe- 
male Cornel,  Dogberry  Tree, 
Hotmd  Tree,  £fou9kr*-ierry 
Tree,  Priekwood,  Gaten,  or 
Gatien  Tree,  Gater  or  Gatter 


Tree,  Catteridge  Tree,  wild 
Cornel:  ComauiOer  *auvage, 
eanguin,  or  femelle,  Puine,  or 
Boi*  punai*,  Fr. ;  rotker  Hart' 
riegel,  Ger. ;  SanguineUo,  ItaL 

2  Piirshtt  Don's  M.  502 
C.  *angtdnea  Purth. 

3  foliis  variegatis  -  502 

3.  dlba  £.      -        -  503 

C.  *toion\^a  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  C  tatdriea   Mill.  Icon. 

2  circinata  Don*a  M.  503 
C.  circinita  Cham,  et  S. 

3  sibirica  Lodd.  Cat.  503 

4.  (a.)  strlcta  L,   -  503 

C.  /attigiata  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.  ;  C.  *a9ununea  Walt., 
but  not  of  Lin. ;  C.  eyanocdrpo* 
Gmel.  Syst.  Veg.,  C.  cana- 
dhui*  Hort.  Par.,  C.  aeritiea 
Meerb.  Icon.,  but  not  of  Lam. 

2  asperifolia  .  504 
C.  a^ter(fblia  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  sempervirens      -  504 
C.  *emperviren*  Lod.  Cat. 

5.  (a.)  paniculata  H.  504 

C.  raoembsa  Lam.  Diet. ;  C. 
fce*mina  Mill.  Diet. ;  C.  Cf#ri. 
yatfa  Hort.  Par. 

2&lbida£ArA.       -  504 
3  radi^ta  Purah     -  504 

6.  (a.)  serlcea  i^'/Z  504 

C.  lanttjinbta  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer. ;  C.  dU>a  Walt.  Fl.  Car., 
but  not  of  Lin.  :  C.  cteriUea 
Lam.  Diet. ;  C.  Amdmufn  Du 
Roi  Harbk.  ;  C.  rubiginbsa 
Bhrh.  Beitr. ;  C.  ferrugiMra 
Hort.  Par. ;  C.  eandidissima 
Mill. ;  C.  cyaaocdrpo*  Moench, 
but  not  of  Gmel. 

2  oblongifolia  Dec.    504 
C.  oUongifbU'a  Rafln. 

7.  (a.)  circinata  L'ZT.  505 

C.  toment!y*a  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  C.  rugbta  Lam.  Diet., 
C.  vA-gAu'dna  Hort  Par. 

8.  obi6nga  Wali.    -  505 

C.  panicHldta  Hamilt.  ex  D. 
Don  Prod.  Fl.  Nep. 

§  ii.   Invotuerdta  Dec. 


9.  m48  L.      '        '  505 
The    Cornel,    or    Cornelian 

Cherry  Tree  —  C.  masenia 
L'U^rit.  Com.,  Loii|g  Cherry 
Tree :  Cornelia,  ComouiUer 
mSle^  Come*,  ComeiUe*,  Fr. ; 
Komel  Kincke,  Hartriegei, 
Oer. ;  Corgnolo.  Ital. 

2  iructu    cerae     col  oris 

N.  Du  Ham.     506 

3  variegfltus  •  506 

10.  fidridaZr.         -  507 

Firginiam  Dogwood. 

Otker  Specie*  qf  Q6mu*.  —  C. 
gr4ndis  Scklect.,  C.  offlcinklls 

M7 

11.  Bentha'm/^  L.  507 

C6mm*  *p.  Wall..  Dec,  and 
G.  Don. 


CONTENTS. 


XXIX 


1.  fragffera  Xrntf/.  -  508 

C6mM$   tnpitaia    WaU.    in 
Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.,  Don's  MiU.: 
Cktmg-wa,    In    Nepal ;     itttf- 
mowro,  in  Serampore. 
Otk^  Spea'a  qf  BenthdmiM.— 

&Jap6nJca      •       -       -MS 

LdranthdcecB. 
I.  Ki'scuM  L.         -  508 

The  Ml<tleCo&  ^  MituUtne, 
Gmi,  or  G«y,  Fr. ;  MisU,  or 
Jtf/wl,  Ger. ;  Vi$co,  or  FiwAio, 
leal. ;  Legamadagih  Span. 

I.  Alburn  Ir.   -        -  509 

II.  Lora'nthus  L.  510 
1.  europs^u  L,     -  511 

III.  AVCUSA  Thunb.  5 1 1 

Adcuba  Kttmf^.  Anun.,  Ei* 
bast*  Salisb.  Prod. 

1.  jap6iiica  Thun6.  -  51 1 

Ekbatis  diekSiomtu  SaiUb. 
Prod.  :  apoUed-leaved  Laurel^ 
Japan  LamreU 

CaprifolihcecB. 

Sect.   I.     AkMBU^CSJB. 

X  ^AMBU^cus  Toum.5\3 
The  Elder— FAw«rihiMi  Loar. 
Coch.,  but  not  of  LIa. 

A.  Lea»e$  pimmate.     Flowen 

t^mote,  or  eorpmtbo$e. 

1.  nigra  X.    -        -513 

Bourirg,  or  J9Smr  TVer,  if  m- 
Itr^,  Scotch  J  Swreau,  Fr. ; 
HoUoMdeTy  uer.  ;  Somftiieo, 
Ital.  ;  5«wo,  and  SambmeOy 
Span. ;  Fhudtr,  Swed. ;  /^ildkr. 
Dan. 

2  Tir^scens  Dec.    -  514 
S.  virheeru  Detf.  Arb.  Fr. 

3  leucocirpa  -        -  514 

4  laciniata     -       -  514 
S.  taeimiitalim.  Diet. 

5  rotundi  folia        -  514 

6  monstrosa  -       -  514 
S.  mon*trd»a  Hort. 

7  fdltis  arg^nteis   -  514 

8  foliis  mteis  -  514 

2.  canadensis  L,    -  515 

B.  Leatet  pinnate.     Fbnoera 

pamcied. 

3.  racemosa  2^.       -515 

S.  mimtina  Cam.  Eplt. ;  S. 
cervM  Tabem. :  SamAuco  man- 
iana^  Ital. 

2  laciniata  Koch     -  515 

3.  (r.)  pubens  Mx,  -  516 

S.raeemiia  Hook.  FL  Bor. 
Am.,  not  of  Lin.;  S.  pubieeem 
Ixxid.  Cat. 

2  beptaph^lla  ITooA.  516 


11.  riBU^RNUM  £.  -  515 
0';»ite«,  ytbimum,  and  7I- 
MKf,  Toom.  Inst ;  WibAmum 
and  CKpitliM  Moench  Meth. : 
Fiome,  Fr. ;  SekneebaU,  Ger. ; 
Viimmo,  Ital. 

§  L   Tiaiw  Tourn. 

1.  Tlnus  X.    -      -  516 
The  Laurattlnus.  — V.  lawff- 

>!$n»tf  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Thaiw 
Tourn.  Inst.,  Thutu  lanrifhtia 
Borkh.  in  Roem.  Arch. :  the 
Lammstine,  wild  Bate  Tree^ 
Gerard :  Viomet  Lawrier  TYa, 
Ital. ;  Lorbeerariiger  Seknee- 
baU,  or  ScktnalkenttramcktGer. ; 
Lagro  salvatieo,  and  Laura 
Tmot  Ital. 

2  hlita  Ait  H.  Kew.  51 7 
V.  Tmas  Mill  Diet. 

V.  IdcMauM    MUL,    Pars., 
Schultes. 

3  likcida^t7.  -       -  517 

4  Tirgflta  ^t7.         -517 

5  stiicta  .fibrtf.        -  517 

§  IL  Vt&dmtan  Tourn. 

2.  LentlLgo  Z.  -     -  517 

Tree  Viburnum.  Canada  Vi- 
bumwn :  Viome  misantet  Fr. ; 
Bim-bldUr^  SokneebaU^  Ca- 
naditche  SckwalJtenbeerstrauek, 
SckwaUemirauck,  Ger. 

3.  (L.)j9mnifoliuin£.  518 

V.  Lentdgo  Du  Hot. 

4.  (L.)j5yrifoliuTnP.518 

5.  (L.)ni^dum  X.  -  519 

V.  n/rifblium  Polr. 
2  squamatum        -  519 
V.  squam^ium  Wllld.  En. 

6.  cassinoides  L.    -  519 
V.  punetitmn  Rafln. 

7.  (c.)lsyigatum  H^.  519 

V.  cassinol£«  Du  Rof  Harbk., 
V.^aiK«o<dtem  Hill,Hort.Ke«.. 
V.  caroimiihMtm  Hort.,  Caa- 
•Ine  paragua  Lin.  Mant,  C.  eo- 
fymodfa  Mill.  Icon. :  TA^  ame- 
rfcono,  Ital. 

8.  Lant^na  L.  -     -  520 

The  Wayfaring  Tree V.  to- 

mentbeum  Lam.  Fl.  Fr. :  wild 
Guelder  RosCt  pUani-brancked 
Mealy  Tree:  Viome  coton- 
neu$€y  CamarOf  Viome  com- 
mune, Coudre-^noineinne,  Man- 
ciennCy  Fr. ;  SeUingetrauek, 
woUiger  Sckneeball,  or  Sekwal- 
tenstraucky  Ger.;  Itcniaggine, 
ItaL 

2  grandifolia  AU.  -  520 
V.  L.  latffNia  Lodd.  Cat. 

3  foliis  variegatis  -  520 

9.  (L.)  lantanoldes  -  520 
American  Wayfaring  Tree.— 

V.  Lantdna  fi  grandtfblia  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  1. ;  v.  grandi- 
/bUum  Smith  in  Rees'i  Cycl. ; 
V.  Lantdna  canadhuit  rers. 
Ench. :  Hobble  Bueky  Amer. 

10  (L.)dahi^ricuni  -521 

JLomcenk  mong6lica  Pall.  Ft. 
Ro«.,  CdriMW  daitirica  Laxm. 


ll.(?L.}cotinifbUum52I 

V.  MnllUia  Bam.  in  D.  Don 
Prod.  Fl.  Nep. 

12.  dentatum  X.     -  521 

V.  denidtum  Ikeidum  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  V.  dentiUum  gla- 
bilium  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.: 
ArroW'Vwod :  Viome  dentte* 
Ft. 

VarieHee.-'  V.  d.  pubftcent, 
V.  d.  (bUl*  varlegiktiB,  V. 
acuminituro.F.  longifbUum 
and  V.  moutinum  are  in 
Meacrs.  Loddiget**  collec- 
tion      •  -  -  529 

13.  (d.)  pub^cens-  522 

y.dentdium  S  pub6aeen*  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  Y.denidiumeemi' 
iomenlbeum  Mich.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  V.  tomenibsum  Rafin. 
Med.  Rep.,  V.  villbeum  Rafin. 
in  Desf.  Joum.,  V.  Raflmesqu^ 
dnnm  ScAulte$  Syst, 

14.  nitidum  AU.      -  522 

§  iii«  O'pulua  Tourn. 

15.  O^pulus  L.  -     -  522 
The  Guelder  Rose Y.A>- 

bdium  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,    O'pulue 

flanduldtus  Moench  HeUi., 
Ypuiua  Rail  Syn.,  Bambkcue 
agu&tica  Bauh.  Pin.:  Martk 
Elder y  Rose  Elder,  Water  Elder: 
Viomt-Obiert  TObier  d^  Europe^ 
Fr.  ;  Sehtpalkenbeertiratuhy 
WauerkoldertSektteeballeyGm. ; 
Maggiy  Ital. 

2  st^rilis  Dec.  Prod.  523 
V.  O.  rdteum  Roem.  et  S. 
TJke    Snone-ball  Tree,    or 

OueUer  Rose. 
Base  de  Gueldres,  Peloiie 

deNeige,  Boule  deNc^e, 

Poire  moUe,  Fr. 
Sdmeeballe,  Ger 

3  fdliis  variegitis  -  523 

4  nina  Hort,         -  523 

16.(0.)flrcerifdliuin  523 
17.(0.)orientaleP.524 

(fpulue  orientdUi  /Wo  am- 
pUewlmo  tridentdio  Tourn.  Cor. 

18.  (O.)  OxYc6cco8  524 

V.  ofMi/d')tf<'«  Mohl.  Cat»  V. 
trUobum  Manh.  Arb.,  V.  O'pu. 
hu  ameriedrta  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. 

2  subintegrifolius^.  524 

3  m6Ilis  -  -  524 
V.  m6Ue  Mx.  Fl.Bor.Am. 

19.  (O.)  ediile  P.  -  524 
V.  0*pulu»  ediUii  Michx.  Fl. 

Bor.  Amer. 

Sect.  II.  Lokick'^ras. 

III.  DiERVi'LLilTou.  525 
LonieerA   ep.  L. ;    WeueUu. 
Thunb.  FL  Jap.,  WeigeOa,  Per*. 
Enck. 

1.  canadensis  W,  -  525 

Lonicerti  IHervU/a  Lin.  Mai. 
Mcd.,D.  Toum^/6rtll  Michx. 
FL  Bor.  Amer.,  D.  hkmiU* 
Pen.  Ench-,  D.  UUea  Pur»h 
Sept,  D.  ir\fida  Morach  Meth.« 
D.  acadiintu  Du  Ham.  Arb. 


XXX 


CONTENTS. 


IV.  LoNi'cER^Desf.  526 

The  Hon^ytackleM— Lonleera 
ap.  Lin.  and  manj  sutbon; 
CapriflMum  and  XjflAsUum 
Juas.  Gen.,  Xyltf«lMmi  Capri' 
Jblittmt  CkanuBcSnums,  reri' 
d^manan  Tourn.  Intt.z  Co. 
prifbUmm  and  Lonieer%  Betm. 
et  Schult,  Sgsl.,  Lomieem  and 
Xul6»teum  Torrey  Fl.  U.  &: 
dhivr^fiemae,  Fr. :  QtiaMSUt, 
UoneigNtime,  and  Lonloffre, 
Ger. 

§  i.   Capnf&Hum  Dec. 

Ca^r{/<Mrum  Juis.  Gen.,  L(h 
tticera  Torr.  FL  Un.  St.,  but 
not  of  Schttlt. 

A.  Flowers  rtngenL-^dgtri- 
fbUmm  Tourn.  Init. 

1.  Peiicl/menuniL.  527 
The  Woodbine.— PerM,^me- 

nnm  Ger.  Em..  Veric^menum 
Mrmdnieum  Rir.  Mon.  Irr.,  P. 
horthue  Gesn.  1c.  Pict,  Capri- 
JbOum  Pericifimenmm  Roem. 
et  Schult^  Capr^bUum  tylvdU- 
auH  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  Caprifb' 
Ihtm  Rail  Syn. :  IVoodbmd: 
ChivrtfeuiUe  det  Soi$,  Fr.; 
Wildes  gemeines  Geiubldtt, 
Ger. :  gewoone  Kamperfiielle. 
Dutch;  MadreSelva,  Ital. and 
Span. 

2  serotlnum  Ait  -  5S7 
Teriel^.  gemkMeum  MUl. 

3  b^lgicum    -       -  537 
Peridp.germanieum  MUL 

4  ^uercifoliuni  Ait.  528 

2.  Caprif5lium  Ir.  -  528 

Feriet^memtm  pei^btidtum 
Ger.  Emac. :  CkivrefeufUe  det 
Jarditu,  Pr. ;  DyrekwiKhaetKt 
Ger. ;  Ct^rifidto  Ital, 

3.  (C.  etrusca)  &m.  528 

L,  etriuca  Hort.  Fl.  Anitr., 
Caprifdlium  etrHseum  K«m.  et 
Schult.  Sytt,  FerMpmemim 
Gouan  Hort.,  CapriftOium  Hi. 
ticum  perfolidium  prof^cog 
Tourn.  Intt. :  the  Italian  Ho- 
neysuMe :  Mamorinot  ItaL 

4.  implexa  AU,      -  529 
The  Minorca  Honeyiuckle.— 

CmrifliUum  implfxum  Roem. 
et  Schult  SjtLi  Vfadboseosai^ 
preverde,  Ital. 

2  bale&rica  Vlv.     -  529 
Cemrifdlium  baledri.'Dum. 
L,  oaleariea  Dec 
L,  QaprifbUmm  Deif. 

5.  fltlva  «Smu  -  529 

CaprifdUum  Jl&vum  £11. 
Sk^ch.,  Capri/wium  FrAterl 
PurakSept, 

6.  (f.)  pub^cens  jSL  529 

Caprifblium  pubfscent  Goldie 
in  Phil.  Joum.,  L.  MrvMa  Ba- 
ton Man.  Bot.,  L.  Q6tdH 
Spreng.  Sysi. 

7.  parviflora  Lam.     530 

Camifblium  parviflbntm 
Punn  8q;it.,  Iomega  dioiea 
Lin.  Srtt  Veg.,  L.  mSdia 
Murr.  Not.  Comm.  Gtftt.,  Ca- 
prifdlium  bractdB^tum  Michx. 
Fl.   Bor.    Amer.,    C.  dicic¥m 


Rcem.  et  Sdiiilt.  Sy»t.,  G.gloA' 

"      ■       -  i^ 


tudOe :  CkevrefemUle  diotatte, 
~^eergrMue$  GeMCkt, 
Ger.;     MitUelboore 


cum  Moench:  glamcotu  Honey 
suckle:    Ckevrtfem"'-  ----- 

Fr. ;     Meergrlhws 
Ger. 
foelie,  Dutch. 

8.  (p.)  Douglasn  D.  530 

CaprMUum  DougtisU  Umdl. 
Hori.  Trans, 

9.  hispfdttla  JDotuf.    531 
CapHfWsmkispidSmm  Lin. 

Bot.  Hag. 

10.  ffktBiAit,     -     -  531 
CttprifMum  griUum   Purth 

Sept.,  L.  virjriniina  Marih 
Arb.,  ?  TericQmenum  ameri- 
edmun  MiU.  Diet.,  Capri/blio 
sempreverde,  Ital. 

B.  Limb  qfCoroUanearly  equal. 
—  'Perielpmenmn  Tourn. 

11.  sempervirens  ^t^.531 

CapriQUum  umperwhens 
MIchi;.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  Teri- 
clCmemum  setnperslrens  Mill. 
Diet.,  AJUatmus  sempervirens 
Koehl.  ex  Stead.;  TeridJhne- 
num  Hrginiaeum  Rir.  Mon. : 
Madre  Seha  de  Virginia^  Ital. 

2  mi^or  AvL^  Curt.  532 

3  mUior  Ait,^  Sim§  532 
L.  eomutta  Meerb. 

4  Br6wxm  Gordon  532 

12.  dlidsa  Poir.  -  532 
Capr^bUmm  eHidsmm  Pnrsh 

Fl.  Amer.    Sept.,    L,   dU'dta 
Dletr.  Lex.  Suppl. 

13.  occidentAlis  H.    532 

Caprffbl.  ooddentdle  Lindl. 
Bot.  Reg..  Capr^bUum  dUd. 
sum  Dougl.  MSS. 

Otker  Species L.  p»6sa  W., 

Dee.  Prod.  {CaprmUum  trfl. 
Ibsum  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov. 
Gen.  Amer.)       -  •  533 

§  iL  XylSsteuM  Dec. 

XjrZtftlAMi  Jum.  Gen.,  Xtml- 
cerK  JUem.  et  Schuli.  SgU., 
Xyldsteon  and  Ckanuecfrasus 
Toum.  Inst.,  J^ldsteum  and 
Islka  Adam.  Fam^  Cobee^SL 
Neck.  Stem. :  the  FUf  Honey- 
suckle:  Backenkirselie^  Ger.; 
Hondsbesem  or  Houdskarsen, 
Dutch. 

A.  Ovaries  and  Berries  alto- 
geiker  distinct.  Stems  twin- 
ing. Flowers  irreguhur.— 
Nmtoda  Dec.  Prod. 

14.  confiisa  Dec.    -  533 

Nintoba  confiisa  Swt.  Hort. 
Brit,  Lonieersi  JapSnica  Andr. 
Bot.  Rep.;  Nintoo,  Slntoo, 
Kamnf.  Anum.f  CaprffbUum 
JapSmeum  Loud.  Hort.  Brit. 
1st  ed. 

15.  XongiRdn  Dec.  534 
Caprffman  longmrumStt^ 

bine,  Nintoda  lonsMdra  Swt. 
Hort  Brit  ed  L,  Cmri^ium 

Frod.  Fl. 

nepalhue 


16.  jap6DSca  Thunb.53^ 

Nintoda  famin/ca  Swt.  Hort. 
Brited.3.,  X.dUninsts  Hort. 
Kew.,  L.jle9udsa  Lod.  Bot 
Cab.,  L.glabriUa  Roxb.,  Ca- 
prifbUum  ckininse  Loud.  Hort 
Brit,  CJIeaubsum  Hort. 

Otker  Species. —  Ij.  longifblia 
Hort.     -       .       -       .    335 

B.  Berries  disUnctt  or  usually 
connate  together  tU  the  Base, 
and  diverging  at  the  Tip. 
Corolla  hardly  gibbous  at  the 
Base^  or  eouoT  Erect  ded' 
duous  Shrubs.' .  Cham^ec^ras* 
Dec. 

17.  tat&ricaX.  -  535 
Xyl6steum  corddium  Mcanch 

Math.,     X.  iataricum  Dum. 
Court. 

3  albifldra  Dec.     -  535 

L.pyrenaicaVffM. 

3  rubriflora  Dec.      535 
L.  grandifibrum  Lodd. 
L.  sibiriea  Hort.  ex  Pert. 

Ench. 

4  liktea  Lodd,  Cat.  535 

5  latifoUa  Lodd.  Cat.  535 

18.  (t.)  nigra  L.    -  535 

Caqtrffblium  rbseum  Lam.  Fl. 
Fr.,  CAafN^o^iWMf  njmi  De- 
larb.  Fl.  Aut.  :  CiUegfa  salva- 
tica^  Ital. 

2  campaniflora      -  536 
Xyl6steum  campan^.Lod. 

19.  (t.)cili^tailfttA.  536 

XylSsteum  eiUdtum  Purth 
Sept.,  L.  tatdrica  Michx.  Fl. 
Amer.,  but  not  of  Lin. :  L. 
canadtnsis  Roem.  et  Schult 

20.  pyrenaica  L.    -  536 

Caprifhlium  pyreniieum 
Lam.  Fl  Fr.,  XylOsteum  py. 
rendieum  Toum.  Intt 

21.  pimfcea  Sints    -  536 
SymphorieSrpos  pumeeusam  t. 

22.  Xyl6steuin  L,      537 

Caprifblium  dumetdrum 
Lam.  Fl.  Fr. ;  Xyldsteum  du- 
metbfum  Moench  Moth. :  Oisi- 
tosUOy  Ital. 

2  )eueoc4rpum  Dec,  537 

3  xanthocirpum  D.  537 

4  melanoc&rpum  D.  537 

23.  hispida  Pal/.     -  537 

24.  flexuosa  TViunb.  537 
L.  nigra   Thunb.  Fl.  Jap., 

but  not  of  Lin. ;  L.  brach$poda 
Dec.  Prod. 

C.  Berries  dther  dittind  or 
Joined  together.    Cordla  very 

fibbous  at  the  Base.    Erect 
ushy  shrubs.  —  Cuph6nth€B 
Dec. 

25.  involucrata^an.  538 
XylSsteum         invduerdium 

Ricfaardt  in  Frank.  Flrttloum. 

26.  Ledeboikni  Each.  538 

D.  Berries  two  on  each  Pe~ 
dunde.  Joined  ^ether  in  one. 


CONTENTS. 


XXXI 


wua  is  ht-mmbOieaie  oiike 
Apex.  Erect,  huahy^  deeUu- 
Skrtib§.^U\km  Adau$. 


27.  alpigena  H.      -  539 

Capii/^lium  eiphmtm  Lam. 
Fl/Fr.,  CsprifiUtm  tilpigemum 
GcrtD.  FracL,  laUm  abigena 
Borck.,  IilkJi  Ikdda  Mccnch, 
Xf4^«ftnan  alpigemmm  liodd. 
Cat.:  CAamMdranu  oMmena 
DeUrb.  :  Ckerrp  Woodbine : 
HedtenUracAe,  Oer. ;  Ckanut- 
cerMOf  Ital. 

S  fiibirica  Z^ec. /VodL539 
L.  nbiriea  Vest  in  Baem. 
ct  Sdnilt.  Sjst. 

28.  (a,)  microphyila  539 

'  I..  aJjp4l«M  Sleren,  L.mom- 
litma  and  L.  mexicdma  Hort. 

29.  obloiigif51]&Booit539 

Goldie  in  Edin.  PliiL  Journ. 

SO.  caerulea  L.       -  540 

L.  vOOta  Mllhl.  Cat.,  Zff 
UeUom  vOOnm  Mich.  FL  Bor. 
Anier..  X.  So/imU  Eaton  Han. 
BoC,  L.  fv/atiM  Dec  Prod.. 
L.  oAaiiw  Pall.  F1.  Roas.,  7[g- 
i6$temn  emiUettm  canadhue 
Lam.  Diet.,  X.  eamadhue  Da 
Ham.  Arb.,  CeiprffUiwm  or- 
riJemm  Lam.  Fl.  Fr.,  CAmm. 
efrana  aeriUea  Delartx  FLAn., 
L.  puremtiea  PalL  Fl.  Boat., 
L.  PaiidM  Led,  FL  Bm$.  AU. 
IB. :  aUegfm  m^ima,  ItaL 

31.  orientalis  Lam,  540 
L.'  c— cdiicn  Pall.  Fl.  Rom., 

L.  c»rftlM  Gold.  Itin.,  CA«- 
vMtetrauu  oriaddUs  \amrifWa 
Toom.  Cor. 

32.  ib^rica  Bieb.     .  540 
lC9l6$teom     JbMcmm     Biebu 

Cent.  PI.  Bar.  ex  Siqipl.,Lodd. 
Cat.  1836. 

V.  Symphorica'rpos 
DiU.  -        -   541 

Th«  St.  Peter's  Wort.-~^yfl»- 
pkarieirp'  Neck.  Blem.,  %»i- 
pkdria  Pen.  Ench.,  J»ifd«i- 
fA««  Willd.  Bel.,  LomicertiMp. 

1.  vulgaris  Alkkx,  -  541 

£o«l«rai8SyaM>*nr»iifyn»ifiin. 
Sp^,  5.  parvifi&ra  Dear.  Cat, 
^mpkbria  con^omerdtm  Pan. 
Encb.,  J^raapMrAi  ghmerila 
Pnnh  SepC 

S  fbliis  Twiegdtis      54S 
S.  gUmierdta  fbUSe  vaHe- 
f  d/M  Lodd.  Cat. 

2.  montinus  Humh,  542 
SjnN|iA«r&i  moHlAiM  Sprras. 


Sytt.,    S, 
MUl. 


3.  racemoflus  illioftf.542 

The  Siiowber  r  f .— JSywiptoria 
rocntdM  Pnnh  Sept.,  fs.  ehm- 
fdia  and  8,  keieronkgila  Preal 
fai  Herb.  Hmike.  S.  imooeairfa 
HoR. 

4.  occidenUUis  iZtcft.  542 
Wo^-kerrwt  Amer. 


VI.  LBYCB8TB^/il     543 

1.  fonndsa  Wall.    -  544 
giwrtla    warn    Piwrvi 
M88. 

I.  CbpralaS'thus  544 

The  Bottoo-wood —  pgP*'^ 
tettte,  Fr. ;  l&M|tflaiuw,  Ger. ; 
CrfoknUo,  Ital. 

1.  occident^lis  X.  -  544 
C.«f)390R'<(fMA(f  Moencfa  Meth.: 
Svfomp  Globe  Flower,  Amer. 
2  bracb^podus  i>ec.  545 

Comp6sit<B. 

L  STJEHEU^Nif  L.      546 

Sttekeline,  French  and  Ger. 

I.  diibia  L.       -      -  546 

5.  rotmartnifbUa  Caai.,  ac 
cording  to  Leas.  Syn.  Gen. 
Comp. 

II.  I^a'ccharis  Br.  546 

PUm^iian*$Spikenard:  Bat- 
ckmUe^r. ;  Bacekarftt  Ger. 

1.  AalimifoUa  X*.      -  547 
Groundsel    Tree.  --  Semieto 

arborUoent  Hort.  Rew. 

2.  (A.)  angustifolia  -  547 


.  548 

-  548 


III.  rvA  L.   - 

1.  fhitescens  i!/. 

Agjhraio    i^f^is 
fr^ueeme  Fluk.  Aim. : 
JenuU*  Bark  Tret, 


IV.  Santoli^na  T,  548 

The  Lavender  Cotton.^.^San- 
taUme^     Fr. ;     Bt 
Ger. ;  SmMUma^  II 

1.  Chaxnaecyparf  88118  549 

Common  Larender  Cotton.— 
Feiit   Cgnrttt  Fr. ;  AbroUmo 
/<Mim*i<i,itaL;  Cgpretsemkramit 
Ger. 

Other  9peek9^  &  aouarrbsalF., 
8.  Tlridis  FFn  and  S.  roam»- 
rlnifbUa  L.     -       -       •  M9 

V.  jRTRMi'sii  Cas.  549 
1.  ilbr6tanum  L.   -  550 

Soottiemwood.  —AbrSlamwum 
m6a  Dod.  Pempt :  Old  Man : 
Anmiae  Aurome,  Amrone  dee 
Jardint,  la  dtroneUe,  la  Garde, 
robe,  TT.\Eberromie^WerwMik, 
Stabvmrt*,  Oer.;  AbroUmo  Ital., 
Span.,  and  Port. 

2  hikmile  HarL     -  550 

3  tobolskiinum  Jf.  550 
A.  A>M>AridM  Lodd.  Cat; 

OOer  Speeiet  qf  Afttarisia.— 
^.  arborHoens  L.,  il. procAra 
ir.,il.  Sant6nlcalN       -560 

VI.  5iBNE'cio  Le$.  -  550 

dnerdria    Less.   Syn.  Gen. 


Onop.:  Srntfpnt,  Fr.  i  JTf 
Arad,  Ger. 

1.  Cinerikria  Dec,   -  551 

Sea  Ragwort.-  Gnerdria  ma- 
riifnm  Linn.  Spec.,  Jacoba!% 
marUhna  Bonn. :  Sidttam  Bag- 
wort:  Cindraire,  Fr.;  Meer- 
UrandM  Asdkengifiamxe,  Ger-s 
Cef^ertna,  Ital. 

VIL  UvTi^stA  Cav.  551 

1.  ktifolia  2>.  Don    552 

Otker  Spedes^U.  AidAUa,M. 
faill^xjL  M.  IbiewUblla,  M. 
mncinati,  and  M.  subspindaa 
Book.  Bol.  MUc. ;  M.  arach- 
sSUea  Mart.  -       -       -  552 

'EricdcetB. 

Sect  I.  BKi'cMM. 

$  L  "EarieeeenamuUes, 

I.  ^RfcA  2>.  IXwi  -555 

The  Heath.— jBftoiiip.  Lto. 
and  othen :  Brnpere,  Fr.  i 
BeOe,  Ger. ;  Mrtea,  ItaL 

1.  T^tralix  Ir.  .     -555 

B.  Mvlfiftfrmu  8aL  in  Lin. 
Soc.  Trans.,  E.  barbariea  Ratt 
Syn-  R.  pimila  Park.  Tbeatr. ; 
E.  TttraUx  rbbra  Hoit.  Erie. 
Wobum. :  tke  eroee-ieaaed 
Heath:  Stanpf  Beide,  Ger.; 
Scopa  di  Fior  rosea,  Ital. 

1  riibra  Hort,  Eric  Wo- 

hum,       -         -  556 

2  c&mea  Zoacti  ZT.  A  556 

3  iUba  Sort  Erie.  Wo- 

bum.      -         -  556 

4  MackauUia         -  556 
E.  JAwieaiana    Jfa6.   A. 

mb. 

2.  cm^rea  L.    -     -  556 

R.  mutSbtUe  8aHri>.  in  Lin. 
Trans.,  E.  MmlUs  Neck.  GaU., 
E.  temiifbHa,  Ger.,  E.  eimirea 
ribra  Hort  Erie.  Wolram.: 
5o0pia,  ItaL 

2  Atropurpikrea      Lodd. 

BoL  Cab,    -     -  556 

3  &Iba  Lodd,  Cat  ^  556 

4  pallida    Lodd.     BoL 

Cab.  -       -       -  SSIS 

5  carn^scensZ^.  CEif.556 

6  proliferaXod:  GaL  556 
1  strfeU  Xodtf.  Got.  556 

3.  australis  L.  -     -  556 
B.  ptstOdris   SaL     in  Lin. 

Trans. 

4.  ciliarb  L.     -     -  557 
II.  Gtpsoca'llis  S.  557 

The  Moor  Heatlu  —  Erfcrc 
jp.  of  other  authon. 

I.  vagans  Sal,   ^     -  557 

Cornish  Moor  Heath.— B.  ad- 

gans  Lin.  Mant,  E.    pdga  Sal. 

m    Un.  Trans.,  B.  maUifldra 

Hods.    Fl.  Angl.,   B.    df^Mui 

Stokes   In   l^hering's    Bot. 


xxxu 


CONTENTS* 


Amng.,  ¥».fmrpurd$eem'Lun. 
Diet. 

2  p61Uda       -         .  .557 

3  rubescens  Bree  -  557 

4  purpur&sceoB  B.  -  558 

5  41b«  -         -  558 
6teii^lla       .         .  558 

2.  multiflorai).  Don  558 
Erha  multifidra  Lin.  Sp.,  E. 

iuniper^biia^  ^^  Garidal  Aiz  ; 
£.  muUifldra  longipedteeUdta 
Wendl.  Erk.,  ^,  p«4uneml&rii 
Fresl :  Scooa  grande  rouo. 
Ital. 

3.  c&mea  2>.  Don   -  558 

E.  c&mea  Lin.  Sp.,  B.  Jlrr- 
Ihcea  Lfn.  Dfs.,B.M«dMU;r  Sal. 
in  Lin  Trans. 

4.  inediteiTaneaX>J7.558 

E.  nuiiterrinea  Lin.  liant., 
E.  /^M^fir  Sal.  in  Lin..Trans. 

IIL  Callu^na  Sal,  559 

Erica  jp.  Lin  and  othen. 
1.  vulgaris  SaL  -    -  559 


\AxkZtOrUeathtr — Erica  vul- 

5drit  Lin.  Sp. :  laBruyire,  Fr.; 
ietde^     Ger. ;    LyNy?,    Dan. ; 


Lfung,  Swod. ;  BrenioU,  Cee- 
chiOy  or  5copa,  Ital.  ;  Breno^ 
Span.;  l/rz^.  Port.;  Were$k, 
Ruu. 

1  purpiirea  -  559 

2  spikria      -         •  559 
S  decumbens       •  559 

4  tomentosa        •  559 

5  6XbA         -         -  559 

6  flore  pldno        •  559 

7  fdliis  ▼ari^pltis  •  559 

8  aiirea       -         -  559 

9  coccinea  -         -  559 

10  spicata    -         -  559 

11  [atro-rikbens]  -  559 

12  [8er6tina]  •  559 

$  iL  Andromedem, 
I V.  Andro'm EDif  L.  560 

Polifdtia  Buxbanm  Gent., 
Andr&medtL  sp.  L. 

1.  oolif&lia  L.        -  560 

moorwort.  —  BJktdikihuiroH 
^oiifbUum  Scop.  Cam.:  wild 
Jioteman/^  Folw  MowUam. 
Marsh  Cishts,  Marsh  Hofy 
Base :  Amiromedey  Fr.  and  Ger. 

1  angustifolia  Bot*    560 

2  ericbldes      -       -  560 

3  grandiflora  Lod»    560 

4  latif&lia  Lod.      -  561 

5  minima     -         -  561 

6  revoldta  Lod,     -  561 

7  acotica       -         -  561 

8  stricta       -         .  561 

2.  rosmarinifblia  P.  561 

A.  volifbUa  MIchx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer. 

Other  Species  of  At»dr6medSL.  — 
Andromedtf  Dnunmdndf'i 
Hook.  .  -       -  Kl 


V.  CAssrop^Don  561 

Amdr&medSL  ip.  Lin.,  Pall. 

1.  hjpnoides  D.  n.  561 

Jndr6medA   h)fp»oUles   Lin. 
Sp. 

2.  tetragdDa2>.2>(m562 

i<fMlrtfi*wdb  leiraglHut  Lin. 
Sp. 

3.  lycopodio)des  D,  562 

ifwrfrtfwgrfa  fyeopodibkdes 
Pall.  Fl.  Ross. 

4.  mcdides  JD.  2>ofi  562 

Andromeda  ericSides  PalL 
Rou. 

OiAcr  Species  of  C^fioae.  —  C. 
ftstlgUU  DMorn,  C,Red6inki 
G.Don.        -        -        -  AGS 

VI.  Cassa'ndr^  D.  562 

Andr6medti  sp.  Lin.  and 
other*. 

1.  calyculata  D.  2>.  563 

AndrinudM.  catgcutdta  Lin. 
Sp. 

1  ▼entricoaa  Shut     563 

2  latifolia  Lod,      -  563 

3  nktui  Sims  -  563 

2.  (c.)  angustifdlia    563 

AndrdmedA  etUffCuldta  ft  on. 
gustifdiia  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  A. 
aitgmst^fdlia  Purtfa  Fl.  Amer. 
Sept.,  A*  crispa  Dest  et  Link, 

VII.  Zeno'bm  Don  563 

AndT6medSL  sp.  Micfaaux. 

] .  speciosa  D.  Don  564 

Andr6medSk  specidsa  Mlcbx. 
Fl.  Bor.  Amer. 

2  nitida        -         -  564 
J.  s.  nitida  Pursb. 

A.  cauine^Ma  Vent 

3  pulverufenta      •  564 
A.  s.  puherttUmta  Purth. 
A.  pulverulhUa  Bertram. 
A.  csMXn^Uia  ft  Vent. 

A.  speabsa  y  gtaiteaWttB. 
A.  dealbdta  Lbidl. 
A.  ovdta  Soland. 

VIII.  Lyo'n/^  N.    564 

Andrdmedm  sp.  Lin.  andTa- 
rious  authon . 

A.  Leaves  evergreesi. 

1.  ferragfnea  NuU,   565 

Andr6medsifermgl»em  Walt. 
Fl.,  A.  firrmgittra  ft  JhtHc^sa 
Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer. 

2.  rigida  Nutt.  -  565 
AndrdmedA/errughiea  Willd. 

Sp.,  A.  femtginea  arborfscens 
Hichx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  A.  ri- 
gida Forth  FL  Amer.  Sept. 

3.  marginata  Don      565 

Andrdmed*  margindta  Du 
Ham.:  A.  eortdcraWiUd.  Spec., 
Ait  Hort  Kew. ;  A.  lieida 
Lam.  Encyc.;  A.  maridna  Jaoq. 
Icon.  Bar. 

2  rilbra  Lod  -  S66 

B.  Leaves  deddsitms. 

4.  maridna  D,  Don  566 

Andr&medA  maridna  JAa.  Sp. 
2  obl6nga  Swt,        -  566 


5.  racemdsa  2>.  D.   566 

Andr&medsi  racemi>sa  Lin. 
Sp..  L'H#rit.  Sdrp.  {  A.  pani- 
culdta  Walt  Car.,  Gronor. 
Virg. 

6.  arbdrea  i).  Don.  566 

ilNtfrtffnnfti  arbdrea  Lin.  Sp. 

7.  paniculata  Nuit.   567 

ifiMfr^Mexfa  fNm<cii/AAi  Lin. 
Sp.  '^ 

8.  falicif^lia  ^o^.     567 

9.  (p.)  frondosa  AT.  567 
Andr&medA  Jrondisa  Purtb 

Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 

10.  (p,)  multifl6ra    567 

11.  (p. )  capreaefolia  568 

IX.  LEucoTHOfD.  568 

AmdrdmedSL  sp,  of  previous 
authon. 

1.  axillaris  D,  Don    568 
Andr6meda.aMiUiris  Solander 

in    Hort    Kew.,   A.   Catesht^ 
Watt.  Car. 
2  longifdlla     -       .  569 

AndrSmed^  UmgifbUa  Pur. 

A.  W&Ueri  wm. 

2.  spinuldsa  G.  Don  569 
Andr&med^  spinuldsa  Punh 

Sept ;  ?  A.  Catesbsti  WaU.  Fl. 
Car. 

3.  acuminiLta  G.  D.  569 

Andrimedi^  actanindta  Alt. 
Hort.  Kew.,  A.  licida  Jacq. 
Icon.  Rar.,  A.  ftoput^fbUa  Lam. 
Encyl.,  A.  reticutdta  Walt.  Fl. 
Car.,  A.  Jbrmosiuima  Bartr., 
A.  \a4rina  Michx.  Fl.  Amer.  : 
P^f^stem-woodt  Amer. 

4.  floribunda  D.  D,  569 

Andr&mfedSk  Jlorib6nda  Lyon 
Herb.  Sept 

5.  spicata  G.  Don     569 

AndrdmedM.  spitita  Wat*. 
Dend.  Brit. 

X,  Pi'eris  D.Don  570 

AndrdmedsL  sp.  Wallich. 

1.  ovalifolia D.Don  570 

AndrSmiedk  ovali/bUa  Asiat. 
Bef.,i<.  MpricklaHunnt  MSS. 

XL  Phyllo'doci?    570 

Andr&medm  sp.  L.,  Men~ 
sj^jia  ap.  Swarts,  Smith. 

1.  toxifolia  Sal.      -  571 
MemciislA  aeridea  Swt.   In 

Lin.  Tram.,  Andr&medA  or- 
riUea  Lin.  Sp.,  A.  taxifblia 
PaU.  Fl.  RoUn  ^rica  asrUea 
WiUd.  Sp. 

2.  empetrifcSnnis  D.  571 

Menstiisih  empeirif6rmis 
Smith  in  Lin.  Trans. 

XII.  Brta'nthus    571 

AndrSmedh  sp.  Lin.,  Mem. 
x^«ia  Steorfs,  Fwrsh\  Brkw 
sp.  Tbonb. 


CONTENTS* 


XXXIU 


1.  Gmelini  IX  Don   571 

Jfemfefla  hry&mika  Swarts 
in  LIB.  Tran*.  Amir6m»edh 
bry&mikm  lAn.  Mant,  Brioa 
brp&iUka  Thonb.  IMm^  Ay- 

rteeo  Gmd.  81b. 

2.  Stelleri  D.Don    572 

A»dr6medA  SlOUriixuk  FalL 
n.  Rot$. !  Memsletia.  empetri- 
JtrnUt  Porab  Fl.  Amar.  Sept., 
iMitoot  of  others. 

XIII.  Dab(e'c/>i  D.  572 

Eriea  ».  lia,  AmdrdmedBk 
^  Lin.,  j|if«ioiMla4».  Jius. 

\.  pohfbWsk  D.  Don  572 

Andr&mudh  Dabe^^ti  Lin, 
Sutt^t  V.r)ca  Dabe^eim  Lht. 
A.,  JtfhKfiJjla  DMd^Dee. 
fim  GiMm^  Ertai  MOvnwQSt^c. 
Rati  HUt  S  Safspl.,  VcNattria 
pplC^a  JttM.  Aan.MQi.,  Vac- 
cinimm  eantibriemm  Hodt.  Fl. 
Aug. :  Irak  WkorU,  CamiaMam 
Heath,  St.  Dabeoet  Beaik. 

S  flore  albo  SwL  BriL 

FL  Card.  -  572 

XIV.  irf'RBUTUS  C.  573 

The  Strawberry  Tree.—  A»- 
driekme  Chu.,  ArA«ta«  jp. 
lin.  Gen.:  Arbonsier,  Fr.:  &»■»■ 
Atfrv,  Ger.;  Abbatro,  Itai. 

1.  (Tnedo  L.       -    573 

L'Arbotaidr  uommmu,  Arbou- 
Mier  da  PgHmteSt  or  FraMer 
fn  Arbre,  Fr.;  Srdbeereart^ 
Staulbecre,  Ger.;  JConod,  Moo. 
Greek. 

1  ilbus  i4>f.  ^.  £1    573 

2  ruber  >tfil.  fT.  IT.  573 

3  plenus  Ait,  H.  K.  573 

4  schisop^talus  574 

5  integrifdlius  iSimM  574 

6  crispus     -  •  574 

7  jalicifoliuft  -  574 

2.  h/brida  Ker      -  574 

A.  amdraekmSUa  Llak  Enum. 
2  Milleri  Mayes    -  575 

3.  ^ndr&chne   L.      575 

A.  ini^r^blfa  Lam.,  A«- 
drdekme  fieopbr^sA  Clm.  Hitt., 
Andrdebmt  Park.  Theatr.,  An» 
dradtme  Theophrastiu :  Adra- 
cbUit  Modem  GredL 

2  serratif&lia  -  575 

A.ferratomia  Nob. 

4.  proc^  Dougl,      576 

5.  tomentosa  Punh  576 

Af«ftM<4p^(|(fa'  AMWitCdMi  Lk 
Bot.  Reg. 

2  n6dai9boft.e<^m.  576 
eAeasoAbnJI.BM  K.  576 

OiACT-  Sprcte  iff  A'rbutm^-A. 
ipeddtaDftdbow,  GondT.  Ma;g. 
IMO;  A.nepeiixuAtBatfle, 

XV.  jIrctosta'fbylos 

Adam,        •  677 
The  Bearbennr.  —  tPwa-fhrH 


Dod.,    Toiim.;    A'rtalu*   «p. 
Lin. 

1 .  IJVa-{irsi  Sprens,  511 

A'rbmim  iTmrn  4rti  Un.  Sp.. 
A^rbutui  bmg^Ua  Stoket  Bot. ; 
Vmt-iini  bMffMUa  Sal.teGr^s 
Arran.:  Bearberriet,  and  Bear* 
u^ortUberriet,  Bng.:  Bormf- 
rtmbe^  or  Bartmbeertt  Ger. ; 
Beeratdmiii^t  Dutch ;  Is  Satu- 
role,  Fr.;  l/ea  d'OnOt  ltaX.\U9a 
de  6ie,  Span.;  l/Sm  <fe  On(ki 
Port;  and  £/«a  l/in/,  hi  the 
works  of  most  old  botaolats. 

2aii8trUica  Lodd,      577 

2.  ^liatoA  Spreng,   -  578 
A^rbutus  alfbma  Lin.  Sp. 

Other  SpeciavfAreloit&phif' 
to*. — A.  pangeos  H.B.etK.  678 

XVI.  PBRNB'TTYi<     579 

1.  mucroD^ta  Gaud.  578 
A'rbmHu  mmanmiUa  Lin.  ftl 

Suppl. 

2  Cummingn       -     579 
P,  Ommmim^LoM, 

2.  pilosa  G.  Don  579 
KrbuhupObta  Graban. 

Other  Spedee  qfPemttiYh^  P. 
micrt^MUa  Qmmd.  (AVtehw 
niicrophgUa  Forst^  A.  ser- 
pvU^bUa  Lam.)«  P.  pikmila 
Qamdich,  {Arbmhu  pkuUla 
Font.)  .  .    n9 

XVII.  GAULTHE'R/i<   L. 

1.  procQmbcns  L,  -  579 

Partridge  Berry,  Mountain 
Tern,  Spnng  Winter-Green  of 
Smith's  HUt.  of  Nora  Scotia. 

2.  SlMon  Pursh     -  580 

XVIII.  Epiga'a  L,  580 

)(eifium  Mteh.Gen.:  Afay 
\  Nova  ScoUa. 

1.  repens  L,  -  580 

2  rubiciiiida  ^w«.      581 

XIX.  Phaleroca''rpu8 

G.  Don     -  581 

Waednimn  Lin.,  CFmiM^ia 

i*wr<A,  Oiyoficcfcs   Nutt.tA'fw 


1 .  ferpylli£51.  G.  Don  5S 1 

Vaednium   hiipidmlum  Lin. 

Sp..     aowttUfia   •erpyUt/oUa 

Fianh    Sept.,     A'rbutnt  fiU- 

firmit  Lam.  Diet.,  0*yc6ccut 

Uipidmlut  Pen, 

XX.   CtB'THRA  L.     581 

Cuell  jlria  Jtw'x  ««  Pot.  dfys/. 

1.  alnir6HaX>.        -  582 

C.  aln^dUa  var.  a  demtdata 
Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 

2.  (a.)  tomentosa L.  582 

C.  abtifbUa  fi  jmbHeem  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  C  incitna  Pen. 
Bneh. 

3.  (a.)  panicuUtailif.  582 

b 


4.  (ff.)acuniinatail/.  582 

C.  moiUAna  Bartr.  Cat. 

5.  (a.)  Bckbra  Pert,   583 

Sect.  IL    Ahooo^akjb. 
XXI.  J2hododb'ndron 

Rose  Bay.— Jsalatf  jp.  of 
authon,  vLhodbra  Lin.,  Cha- 
meerhododindro9  Toura.  Inst. : 
Rhododendron,  Fr.,  Ital.,  and 
Spaa.;  Aipbaltam,  Ger. 

$  i.  A^'ciMi  D.  Don. 

1.  p6nticum  Z.  -  584 
2obtii8uni  WaU,       584 

3  myrtifdUum  Lodd,SS4 

4  Smithn  SwtBrit.584 

5  Lowtt  Gard.M4g.584 

6  azalebides    -     -  564 
R.  axaleSlde$  Dest 

R.  0.  fi  snbdeciduumiliufr. 

7  frwans  Chandler  585 
Nurtety  Farietiet  •     -  585 

2.  m&ximum  L,      -  585 

American  Rote  Bay. 

2  dlbum  HorL       •  585 

3  hybridum  Hook,    5^5 
R.  ftrigrana  Hort. 

R.  A^MaoM  Lodd.  Cat. 

3.  (m.^  purpureum    586 

R.  fNMftmiM  V  piin»ftnrum 
Pursh  Fl.  Am.  Sept.,  R.  pd>c 
IfctdH  macroph^fiUmm  Led.  Cnf . 

4.  PurshnG.Don      5J^r> 

R.  mdxAmiffi /3  4l5tim  Puri»li 
FL  Amer.  Sept. 

5.  catawbi^nse  Mz,  586 

2  Ruflseiltiatim        587 

3  tigrlnum  Hort.  •587 

6.  chryalinthuin  L.  587 
R.  (jfdndU  Salisb. 

7.  caac^cum  Pa//.  587 

2  stramineuin  Hook*  5^7 

3  pulcb^rrimum  Xr.  587 

4  Noblednum  Hort.  588 

8.  punct^tum  Andr,  588 
R./errvginet$m  vtnr.   mhuu 

Pen.  Bnch.,   R.  asjmw  Mx  FL 
Bor.    Amer.,    R.    pfoutdtmn 
var.  MbMw  Wats.  Dend.  Brit. 
2  mi^us  Ker  -  588 

9.  femigineum  L,  -  588 
2  ilbum  Lodd,  Cat.  588 

10.  (?  r.)  hirst^tunLL.  588 
2  variegitum         -  589 

1 1.  8et68um  D.  Don  589 

0<A«r  SiPOCiiM — R*  macrophfl. 
lumX>./)<»i.        -       -    569 

$  ii.  Bodram. 

12.  campanul^tum     589 

Other  9peetet,-^B,  arMreum 
Smith,  R,  a.  TcnlSstum  D. 
JDoM       -       -       -       -   NO 


XXXIV 


CONTENTS. 


§  iii.  BogcnAnthum. 

13.  anthopdgon  Don  590 
R.  aromdh'cum  Wall.  Cat. 

§  It.  L^(jAerton  D.  Don. 

14.  Iapp6nicum  WahL590 

Axdtea  lappSntca   Lin.    Fl. 
Suec.,  A.fnritgiHea  Hort. 

15.  daikricun)  L.     -  591 
2  atrovirens  Ker   -  591 

R.  lepiddtum  WaU. 

§  V.  ChamadtHu  D.  Don. 

16.  camt8ch4ticuniP.  591 

17.  Chamsclstus  L,  592 

§  vi.  l^nfunM^  D.  Don. 
A*dtea  L. 

18.  flavumG.  Don    592 

AzUea    pdntiea     Lin.     8p., 
AxlUta  arobrea  Lin.  Sp. 
Varietie*  and  Hybrids    •  fi98 


19.nudifl6rum  7\)rr.  592 

AzAUa  nmd(fldra  Lin.  Sp., 
AxdUa  perie^fmenoideM  Mx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. :  the  America*  Ho- 
nevsttckle,  Majf  Flowers,  and 
wld,  or  upright,  H<meytuckU, 
Amor. 

1.  oocclneum  Z>.  D,  593 
Axdlea  m.  cocdM«a  Sims 

2  riktilans  i>.  Don  -  593 
il.  ».  Hto'toM  Ait.  H.  K. 
A.^rieiymenb'ides  riUiUms. 

3  carneum  Z>.  i>.  -  593 
A.  n.  camea  Ait. 

il.  p.  camea  Purth. 

4  Ubum  2>.  2>on  -  593 
if. «.  4/6a  Ait 

i(.  p.  alba  Pursb. 

5  paptlionaceum    •  593 
if.  p.  pajfilio$»deea  Purth. 

6  partitum  D.  D.   593 
A.  p.  partita  Pursh. 

7  polyindrum  Z>.  -  593 
il.  p.  pofySndra  Pursh. 

8  Govenidnum  D.  -  593 

9  rdbrum  Lod  B.  C.  594 

10  eximium  D.  D.    594 

1 1  thyrsiflorum  B.  R,  594 

12  aointiUauB  B.  B,    594 

13  Seymourt  B.  R.  594 
Varieties  and  Hybrids  aa- 

•igned  to  A.  nudlil6ra  in 
Lodd.  Cat,,  1836      -  594 

20.  (n.)  bf color  D,  -  594 

Azalea  bkolor  Pursh  Sept, 
Atdlea  nudi/lbra  vat.  UetOor 
Ait  Hort  Kaw. 


21.  (n.)    calenduliLceum 

Ton       -        -  595 
Azilea  caienduldcea  Hichx. 
Ft.  Bor.  Amer.,  A.  mMfidra 
ffor.  coodnea  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. 

2  Mortdrtt  Swt.     -  595 

3  (Kklgidum  Hook.  -  595 
^.c./fj;^<<<^Hort 

4  Upidiun  Bot,  R.  •  595 


22.  can^scens  G.Dofi  595 

AiiJea  eanSscens  Mlchx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer.,  Ph.  Sept. 

23.  viscdsum  Torr.  -  595 
Azilea  viscbsa  Lin.  Sp. 

2  ornatum  Swt.     -  596 

Varieties  and  Hybrids  of  A. 

Tiscdsa  in  Lod  C.  1836  696 

24.  (v.)  gla6cura  D.  596 

A^uUea  ftotica  Pursh  Sept, 
A.vtsehsa  var.  Jlorib6nda  Alt 
Hort.  Kew. 

25.  (v.)hispidum7'.597 

Ax^a  Itisjuda  Pursh  Sept., 
Axdiea  visc&sa  var.  glaixa  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew. 

26.  (v.)  nttidiim  71  597 
if  za^  nitida  Pursh  VI.  Amer. 

Sept 

27.  speciosum  Don    597 
AiMea  <pfc^aWilld.£num., 

if.  oocanea  Lodd.  Bot  Cab. 

28.  arbor^scens  T»    598 
Az^a  arboriscens  Pursh  Fl. 

Amer.  Sept.,   A.  arbbrea  Bart. 
Cat. 


§  vii.  Vihoddra  D.  Don. 

29.  l?hod6ra  G.Don  598 
RAodora  canad6nsis  Lin.  Sp. 

XXII.  KA^LM/if  L.  598 

Jm^tWin  IsOureL 

1.  latifolia  L.    -      -  599 

Mountain      Laurel,     Calico 
Bushy  Calico  Flower,  Amer. 


2.  angustifdlia  L.    -  599 

5A«rp  Laurel^  Amer. 
2  ovata  PkcrsA        -  599 

3.  gla^ca  Ait.   -      -  599 
K.  jaolifblia     Wangh.    Act 

Soc.  Berol. 

2  rosmarlnifoliaP.    600 

4.  cuneata  Mickaux  600 

5.  hirsiita  Walt.      -  600 

K.  dUeUa  Bartr.  Itbi. 

XXTIL  MENZiB^s/if  600 

1.  femiginea  ^mt^    601 
M.urceoldris  SaL  Par.Lond. 

2.  globularis  Sali^.  601 
AT  5M((AUlfx.  Fl.Bor.Amer., 

Axdiea  pilbsa  Lam.  111.  Jf.pi. 
Uaa  Pers.  Ench. 

XXIV.  AZA^LKAi).  6)1 
AxiOea  proewnhens  Lin.  and 
many  authors,  LoiseleiriaDe  /., 
C/l4im<r/M0tt  LiniL  Bnum. 

1.  proc6mben8  Zr.  -  601 


XXV.Leiophy'llum  P. 

Atnm^sine     Pursh      Sf>pt., 
Fffdkrra  Swartx,  hedum  bauri- 
fdlinm  Berg.  Ait 

1.  Ayniifolium  Per#.  602 
L^tfftm  biw^i>/A<m    Bergius, 

Ledum  ikymijblium  Lam.  Diet., 
Udum  terpyliifiOium  h^Herit. 
Stirp.,  Amm^sine  buxi/bb'a 
Pursh  Sep. :  Sand  Myrtle,  liew 
Jersey. 

Other  Species  tif  Leioph^Uum — 
L.  prostr4tum  (Amm^rsine 
prostrdta  Swt.,  Loud.  Hort. 
Isrit ;  if  ■  L^onl  Swt.  H.B.yfiOi 

XXVI.  Le'dvu  L.  602 
L  palustre  Ir-        -  603 

L.  silesiacum  Clus.  Pan^Ko<- 
marlnuiM  sylvistre  Cam.  Epit 
2  deciimbens    AU.    603 

2.  latifoHum  .<4i^.    -  603 

l,.greenI6ndicum  Reti.Obs., 
L.  pal^re  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.Amer.: 
Labrador  Tea,  Amer. 

3.  canad6nse  I/mU.  603 
Sect  III.  rxcciwiE^jK. 

XXVII.  Facci'nium  L. 

The  Whortleberry.  —  VUis 
iddr^aToum.  Intt.:  2ir<l{f,Fr.; 
Heidelbeere,  Ger. 

A.  i>ai*0«  drcAftHMif. 

a.  Pedicels  l'Jlowered,usuaUy 
solitary,  rarely  twin,or/asacu- 
laU. 

1.  JWyrtillus  L,     -  604- 
rA^    common  Bilberry,    or 

2  b^cis  Albis  £ ootA  604 


2.  ubgindsuRi  L,    -  605 

MyrtiUus  grandis  Bauh.  Hist.: 
the  great  Baberry, 

3.  angustifolium  ./4t7.  60r« 

V.  myrtaioides  Mx.  ,FL  Bor. 
Amer. 

4.  csespitdsum  Mx,  605 
b.  Flowers  in  sessile  Titfis. 

5.  galezans  Michx.    606 

V.  gsi\f6srm{s  Sn.  M  Rees's 
Cycl. 

6.  ten^llum  Ait.     -  606 
V.0e»itJ!ytodNicttfnLam.Dict. 

Fori^y       -  -     606 

7.  ^ustiinum  Jliio&;r.  606 
c.  Flowers  disposed  in  Bacevfes. 

8.  p&Uidum  AU.      -  606 

9.  arboreum  Marsh  607 
V.  di^'ttnim  Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 

10.  stamfneum       -  607 

V.  SUbum  Pursh  Sept.,  V. 
elevdtum  Banks  Herb.:   Deer 


diamarledonproeimbensUnk    'S^l^ 
Enum..  I^isaeurt^  procimbcns  |  '^i^^^^'ff^  q.  ei  K.  607 


CONTENTS. 


XXXV 


II.  dumdeum  Ati,  -  607 

V.  fromOUmm  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  V.  kirtHimm  Ait.  Uort. 


2  hikmileWats.D.B,  608 

12.  corymbosum  L.  608 

'  •<wntf  wMM  Ait.  Hort.  Ksw*. 
V.  4i$om6rphmm  Mx.  FL  Bor. 
An«r.,  V.  eiew^um  Hort,  V. 
Hbmm  "Ltm.  Diet. 

2  Tirgatum.^ft.  i?.  £606 

3  fusc^tum^tl.iT'.  £608 
V./brMdniM  And.  Bot.  R. 
V.  ^irgitum  Wats.  D«od. 

Brit.,  bot  DOC  of  Alt 

4  angustifolium  -  609 
V.  virfdttttn  mw.  iotgutti' 

Jbtium  Wats,  Dead.  Br. 

13.  albifldnioi  Hook.  609 
V.  Album  Lam.  ? 

14.  marianum  ^aif.  609 

V.  man/Umdiemm  Lodd.  Cat. 
ed.  1836. 

15.  graadifldram  W,  609 

16.  rg.)eloi]gkuiii^.609 

1 7.  (ff.)  minutifldnim  6 10 

18.  dabnun  fl^o^.  -  610 

19.  fronddsum  L.  -  610 

V.  gtaOeum  Mx.  FI.  Bor. 
Amer. :  BIme  Tangle$,  Am». 

Sveniistuai  ^it       611 

V.  from^Mtm  9ar.  0  lam- 

oeoUtmm  Parsh  Fl.  Am. 

20.  resindsam  AU,  -  611 

AadrSmeiai  bmcciUa  Waa^. 
Amer. 

2  rub^scens  Pmnk    61 1 

3  lut£sceDs  Purth     61 1 
V.  jMrvC^Xannit  And.  B. B. 

21.  ifrctoat&phjIosL.ei  1 
22.(.^^.);iadifoUum61l 

V.  Arc<of<a|MMM  Andr.  Bot 
Ra|>.,V.  madtrtiue  Lk.  Bourn., 
V.  eauciticmn  Hort^  V.  padtf- 
^bHmm  caueasieum  Hort  Soc. 
Cat  of  Fruited.  1«& 

B*  LMIVtM  €9Cfgt'€tm» 

a.   Flowen  racemote. 

23.  caracasanum     -  612 

24.  ritis  ida'a  L.  -  612 

VifA  idfar'a  rMra  Cam.  Spit : 
<*0  Bed  WhorUederrp,  or  dw- 

25.(r.)&iixifblium  613 

V.  hrselkfoerwm  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 

26.  (?r.)i»yrtifdlmm613 

27.  nSddum  Andr.  -  614 

28.  craasifoliuiB  An.  614 

29.  ovkuin  Purtk  -  614 

30.  canad^Dse  Rich.  614 

b.    fUwen  ditpoted  in  sca^ 
nffUt  nearl§  §e$MiU, 

31.  Afyrsinites  Jix.  615 

2  kmoeoUtus  PurU  615 

3  obtibus  Pur9h        615 

32.  hui]i]fu8umGraA.615 


XXVIII.   OxTCo'cccs 

The  Cranbarry.  —  Faedm- 
um  9p.  of  Ud.  and  otliers. 

1.  paliiatris  Pert,    «  616 
O.wlgitHs  Porsb  Sept.,   0. 

««ro}Me*tw  KuU.  Gen.  Amer., 
\aednium  Oxycdccui  Lin.  8p, 
vaedm'iMi  Ox^c6cetu  tur.  « 
omali/blius  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer., 
Vace>ma|Mi{i«<HirOer.  Bmac. ; 
Oiyo^onuM  Cord.  Hist :  Mou~ 
berries,  Moorberries,  Fenber- 
riee,  Marskwortt  or  Wborsle- 
berriu^  Cormberrie$ :  AireUe 
eamneberge,  Fr. ;  gemeime 
Mdoeebceret  Ger. 

2.  macroc&rpus  Pur.  616 

Vaecinium  macrocArpwam 
Ait  Hort.  Kew.,  \acanium 
lUtptdum  Wangh.  Amer.,  Va«- 

Urns  Mx.  FL  Bor.  Amer/^ 

2  131  lis  variegatis      617 
Vaednimm  maeroeSrpmm 

/ol.  var.  Lodd.  Cat 

3  erfetus  Pkrilb     -  617 

piuw  Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am. 

I.  iS^-y'rax  X.  -    -618 

_  The  Storax.-^'SocjIer.Fr.: 
Storojit  Oer. 

1.  officinMe  L,       -  618 

LagomfUa,  Modem  Greek  ; 
Sturtu  ludamHSMt  Ancient 
Greeli. 

2.  (o,)  grandifbllum  618 

S.  qgicindde  Walt.  Fl. Carol., 
S.  frandifibrum  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. 

3.  (o.)  IsFigatum  il.  619 

&  octimdnun  L'H^rit  Stirp. 
Nov.,  ^^^dhrum  Car.  Diss., 
S.  bB\e  Walt  Fl.  Carol.,  S. 
ameriednum  Lam.  Diet 

4.  (o .)  pulverul^eum6 1 9 

S.  knigfiium  Bot.  Mag. 

HolesiBceBs, 

L  Hale's/.<  Ellis      620 
The  Snowdrop  Tree.  —  Ba- 
U$ie^  Fr.  and  Ger 

1.  tetr&ptera  L.      -  620 
The  Snowdrop  Tree.->A/o«r 

BM  Tree,  Amer. 

2.  (t.)  parvifldra  AT.  621 

3.  dlpteraX.    -     -  621 

Sapotaceee. 

I.  ArgXuia  Bjctm,   622 

Sider6ruUm  epinbeum  L. ; 
rArgan,  Fr. ;  Eitenbobt,  Ger. 

1.  Sidcr6xylon  iZ(Fm.622 
Sider&tyUm    ipiHbnim    Lin. 
Sp ,  EUeodtndnm  A'rgan  Hetx. 
b  2 


Oftt.,  RA^amsv  pmtMkpUuM 
Jace.  et  Boccooe,  RJUmntM 
cicw2aw  Lin.  Syst. 

II.  i?UME'LiA  SwarU  623 
A'ckrat  tp.  Lin.,  Pdr. ;  Si- 
djrnAcyilMi  ap.  Lam.  and  others  ; 
Ofphpk^kmm  tp.  Aubl.  and 
others :  £bcik«CaMin,  Ger. 

1.  /ycioides  Gcnin,    623 

JAfer&rnCm  ludSidee  Du 
Ham.  Arb.,  5.  &Nw  Walt.  FL 

2.  reclinka  Tm/.    -  623 

aiderdxubm  reeOmdtmm  Mich. 
Fl.  Bor.  Amer. 

3.  tenax  WiUd.       .  624 

B.  chrwopkifimdea  Pursh  Fl. 
Amer.  Sept.,  SiderS^lon  le*. 
MM-  Un.  Mant..  5.  sericemm 
Walt.  Fl.  Carol.,  5.  ckrvto- 
pb^USidet  Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  Cbrytopb^Umm  caroU- 
tfiue  Jacq.  Obs.,  C.  gldbrmm 
Joss. 

4.  lanugindsa  Purth  624 

Michx.    PL   Bor.   Amer.,    & 
«Am#  Walt  Fl.  Oar. 

5.  oblongifdtia  iSTtctt.  624 

EAendceiV. 
I.  Diospt'ros  L.  -  625 

The  Date  Plum^E'Amiis 
Gonm.,  Goalacina  Towrw.: 
Plaquemimier,  Fr.  ;  Dattel- 
g/Uiune^  Ger. 

1.  Z^tus  L.    -       •  625 

Pseudotbtue  Matth..  Guaia- 
cina  jMCavtea  Toum. :  Italian 
JJgnmn  VUtt^  Wood  of  Life, 
Pockwood,  Bastard  Men^n- 
wood,  Gerard }  Date  qf  Tre- 
bisondei  Piaqneminier,  fana 
LoHer,  Fr.;  ItaUamscbe  Dat- 
teipfiakmu,  Gw* 

2.  virffini^na  L.      -  626 
The  Persimon.  —  Goalacina 

Causb.  Car. 

3.  (v.)  pub^eos  p.  627 

D.^rgimdma  Mr, .  MIcbz. 
Arb.  For. 

Other  Kinds  <^  Mar^  Dios. 
p^rot       -       -       '       .  6V 

Oleicece. 

Sect.  I.    Oia\vm. 

I.  LiGu'sTRUM  Ton.  628 
The  Priret— 7Vx»2W,    Fr. « 
Batmoeidet  Ger. 

1.  vulg^  7W.  .  628 
L.  ygi  iMdjifeww  Bauh.  Hist. ; 
PHmt  orPrimHtrini:  Tro8nr, 
Puine  btanc,  Fr.;  genuine 
Bainweide,  Ger. ;  Lignstnt 
OUveOa,  Ital. 

2  leucoc&rpum      -  629 

3  xanthodbpum    -  6S9 

4  chlorocirpum     -  61^9 


XXXVl 


CONTENTS. 


5  sempenrWens      -  629 

L.  itdUeum  MiU. 
ItaUtm^orevergteentPrivet 

6  variegatum         -  629 

7  aDgustifoUum      -  629 

2.  spicatuin  Hamiit,  630 
L.  nepalhue  Wall,  in  Roxb. 

Fl.  Ind.,  L.  lanceoldimm  Herb. 
Lriunb. 

2  glibrum  ^ooft.       630 

3.  lucidum  Aii.        -  630 
Tke  Wat  Tree. 

2  floribiindum  Dtmald's 
Cat,  -         -  630 


SpecteM  nS  UgHttrmm.— 
ilcif  bllum,  L.  j«p6nicum 


Otier  Si 

L.taA ,  . 

Tktinb.  (L.  UUifbUmm  Vltm.), 
L.  nepaifeie   -       -       -  631 


11.  Philly'rea  r.  631 
Pilaria,  Ft.  ;  SteinUnde,  Ger. 

1.  media  L,    "        -  638 
p.  latifblia  9ar.  •  media  La- 

peyr.  Fl.  Pjrr.,  P.  Uputrirdlia 
Mill.  Diet.,  P.  Uf'vit  Tenore 
Syll.  i  P.  iai&blia  ftar.  a  Ugtu- 
«r»/Mia  Poll.  PL  Ver. 

2  virgata  AiL  B.  K.  632 
ShnxxmSAA.  J5r.£632 

2.  (m.)  angu8tif6liaL.632 
p.   obRqua    Ten.   SyU.,   P. 

midia  Tenore  Fl.  Neap. 
2  lanceoliU  A.  H.  K,  632 
8  rosmarinifolia  ^tl.  632 
4  hiBcYakXAAiU  H.  K.6S% 

3.  (m.)  /igii8trif51ia  J.632 

p.  vireUta  WiUd.  Bninn»  P. 
midia  wr.  a  Willd.  Sp.,  PAfl- 
/^rmi  iU.  Cliu  Hist. 

4.  (m.)  p^ndula  AA.  632 

P.meVfto9^WUld.8p. 

5.  (m.)  olesfblia  Aii.  633 

p.  m^'a  d  Ait.  Hort.  Kew., 
P.  raeemdia  link  Jahrbb 

6.  (m.)  latifoUa  L.  -  633 

P.  latifWa  a  $errdta  PoU.  Fl. 
Ver.,  P.  lattfbUae  Ten.  Fl. 
Neap.,  P.  »pin^$a  Ten.  Syll.,  P. 
latifdlia  fi  tpindta  Seg.  Ver. 

7.  (m.)  Ia\i8  AU.  -  633 

p.  kMRMo  var.  a  WiUd.  Sp., 
P.  UdifiSUa  Mm.  Diet. 

8.  (m.)  obllqua  Jit.   633 
p.  Inti/dtfar  WUld.  Sp.,  P. 

JbUdeea  Link  Jahrb.,  VktU^ea 
iL  CliM.  Hist 

9.  (m.)  spinosa  HSU.  633 

p.  Wc^Wa  Willd.  Enom.,  P. 
latffdUa  fispindMa  Willd.  Sp.,  P. 
taUfblia  lomgijdiia  L&ak  Jahrb., 
VMU^rea  i.  ^lu.  Hkt. 


III.  Chiona'nthus  634 

The  Snow- Flower,  or  the 
Fringe  Tree.—CkMmtnUhe^  Fr. ; 
Sckne^ume,  Ger. 

1.  virgfnica  L.        •  634 
AioiMirvTVeff,  Amer. ;  Arhre 


de   Neige,   Fr.;   SeMtseblMme, 
Ger 

2  latifdlia  Cat.  Car.  634 

C  V.  momtdma  Purth  Sept. 

S  anguatifolia  Ait.    634 

C.  frMtfa  Moeoch. 
4  mantima  iHtr»A  -  634 
CmoritilmaLodd.  C.  18a& 

O^EA  ainerickna  L,  635 

TAr  DewO-uHtodf  Amer. 

Sect  II.     Srsfirasjs. 

IV.  STRfNQA  L.  -  635 
The  Lilac. —  I^ac,  Toum. 
Inst. :  !.//««,  Fr. ;  Flieder,Ger. ; 
LOoeo,  Ital. 

I.  vulgaris  i.  -  -  636 
Lllae  vulgirit  Gort. :  P^ 
PHitf/,  or  Pipe  Tree:  IMa* 
comtMflM,  Fr.;  gemeiner  Fiie- 
der,  Ger. }  LiUa,  or  XtZoc  teroo, 
Ital. 

1  cceriklea  Chu.  Hi9L636 

2  vio\kce&Curt.B.M.6S6 
T%e  Sool^  Lilac. 

3  4lba  -         -         -  636 

4  Alba  major  Xo(2.  C.  636 

5  Alba  pldna  -         -  636 
S.piena  Lodd.  Cat. 

6  rtibra  Lodd.  Cat.  636 

7  riibra  mi^or  Z.  C.  636 
L/Au   <far    Afar^y   of    the 

French  gardeners. 


Other  VarieUet 


686 


2.  Josikae'a  Jacq.    -  637 

3.  persica  i.  -        -  637 

Lilac  minor  Mcench.  Lilac 
piriiea  Lam.:  Lilatde  Peru, 
Fr. ;  Lilac  di  Persia,  ItaL 

2  ilba  Z^odci  Cot  -  637 

3  ladniata  Lodd.  C.  637 
S.  capildta  Gmel.  Itin. 
Lilafd  PeuiUeM  de  Perta, 

Fr. 

4  lalvifolia  I^kU.  C.  637 

4.  rothomag^nsis    -  637 

S.  diAia  Pers.  Ench. ;  LiU- 
ceum  rotkomaghue  Renault  Fl. 
de  I'Ome,  S.  media  Dum. 
Cours.,  Lilas  Variu  N,  Du 
Ham.,  S.  ckininsis  WiUd.  Sp., 

5.  sibiriea  Hort. :  ike  Siberian 
LOae,  Hort. 

2  Lilas  Royal  Bon  7.638 

3  sangulnea  Jlort.     638 
Lr/M  «a«f  #,  Fr. 

OtMer  Species  cf  Syrtoga. —S. 
fmddTWalL  Cat.Don^s  MUl.. 
Royle  IHuit.    •       •       -  638 

V.  Fontanb's/-i  Lab.  638 
l.phillyreoldes  1.06. 639 

Sect.  III.  J^AXiMia^JB. 

VI.  P^a'xinus  Tou.  639 

The  Ash Pr^me^  Fr. ;  Uscke, 

Ger. ;  ProMtiiio^  ItaL 


A.  Let^fiett  broad,  tmootk^  or 
shining  on  the  upper  stufaee. 
Natioes  (ff  Emrcpe. 

1.  excelsior  L.       -  639 

F.  apitala  Lam.  IIL.  F.  ros- 
trdta  Giiss.  FL  Bar.,  F.  Kymm 
Scop.  Gam.,  F.  erbsa  Pers^F. 
iriMa  Boac:  If  iVi^Mtf,  Fr.  i 
ilescAr,  or  Bsehe,  Ger.  wad 
Dutch  ;  Ask,  Dan.  and  Swed. ; 
F!rM«AM»,  ItaL ;  Ftemo,  Span.  5 
l>«<ro,  Port;  J«,  Josrm  or 
Jassen,  Russ. ;  .<£m.  Sax. 

2  p^ndulay^tf.  H.  K.  640 
Pr*ir  Parasol,  Fr. 

3  aiirea  FFt/U.  En,  640 
F.    atfrni  Pers.  Eoeh., 

Lodd.  Cat.  1836. 

4  aiirea  p^ndula  -  641 

5  criapa      -        -  641 
F.  crispa  Base. 
F.  airoiArens  Desf.  Arb. 

6ja8pidea  mUd.    641 

7  purpurifloena  2>.  641 
F.  purpitrea  Hort. 

8  arg^ntea  Z^eff*     ^^ 

9  liltea        -         -  641 

10  erdsa  Per$.Eneh.  641 

1 1  horizontJtlis  2}et/.641 

12  ▼errucosa  Desf.   641 

13  ▼emic.  p^ndula  641 

14  nana        -         -  641 

15  fungdaa  Lodd.  C.  641 

16  TertieiUiU  L.  C.  641 

1 7  yillosa  nova  De$,  641 
Other  Varieties     •       -  641 

2.  (e.)  beterophyila  642 

F/  simplicifbUa  WilkL  Sp., 
F.  monqph^la  Desf.  Arb.,  F. 
simpUeiJUia  Hort.,  F.  eedUtor 
var.  t  Iwn.  Diet.,  F.  esdlsiar 
fi  heteroph6tta  Dec.,  F.  iniegrU 
ftUa  and  diversifblia  Hort. 
2  varieg^  -         -  643 

3.  (e.)  angusdfolia  B.  643 

F.  taUciftUa  Hort 

B.  Leajlets  smalL  smooth,  or 
thining  above.  Natives  iff  the 
South  nf  Europe,  the  North  qf 
4fHca,  or  the  West  qf  Asia, 

4.  parvif6lia  Willd.  -  643 

5.  (p.)  arg^ntealvow.643 

6.  (p.)  oxycarpa  W.  644 

r.otyphliUa  Bleb.  Fl.  Taur., 
F.  O'riwaPall.  Wn.  Taur. 

7.  p&llida  Bote       -  645 

8.  /entiscifolia  Desf.  645 
F.  tamarist^bUaVtihi  Bnum., 

Don's  Mill. ;  F. parvifbUaLsan. 
Diet.,     F.     alepphuis    Pluk. 
Phys. 
2  p^ndula     -         -  645 


C.  Leaves  and  Leaflets  large, 

5laueouSt  and  downy  beneath. 
Natives  exclusively  <tf  North 
America  i  and  in  Britain 
chi^  to  be  considered  as  or- 
namental Trees. 

9.  americ4na  Willd.   646 

F.  aeumindta   Lam.,  Don's 
MiU.,  Pursh  Sept. ;  F.  discokfr 


jchx  V.  Am.  Sjl.; 

ar4  JMk,  Mae*  Adi,  Asw. 
8  loDgifSIU  WWd.     617 


S  crfspa  LatkL  Cat.  647 
IS,    (a.)    qaadrangulAtB 

Mi.  -         -         -  648 
F.  (KraltlHI  Oh  n  Dual. 


Mart/era  Scop.  Cun.,  F.  fcXTf- 
e^  Hor.  Pntlud,  F.  mmd- 

'.  (e.)  rotundifolia  052 

FrAnW    nXmidmiOa    Alt. 
Ion.  Kbw..  F ,  iM— l/tra  Hott. 


13.  («.; 


■)/u«lani 


ijaiuMs 


2  »ul»iiiteg*iTiiM  649 
F.  jivJoa^UrUni  0  niKr- 
F.  carstfuMu  VlDg.  Am. 

F.  mM-.<-wii^  UKJ  F. 

anUiMiHMUL  DIO. 
14^  (a.)  carotiniiiui  6M 

P.BH&Air  W«W.  Fl.  C«r., 
F.  KTTMMUa  lIktn.fll.Arb.. 
F.  i-Mian  ftjlUi.:  StMv 
.JM,A»r. 

15.  {a.)eplptera  Fa*/ 650 
F.  MMAnir  GBta.  Fract, 
F.MmbBok. 
19.  (a.)plBtfcArpar.6dO 


V.  of  Ibe  old  nlkon^b 


4.  flDrib6ridaC.iJ.   653 
-riiimmt  JbriMnO*  D.  Don 


I.  Jjism'NUiiRjn*.  664 

1.  fritticans  L.  -  654 
lat.  truropiiOm^    HsDcb, 

2.  humile  L.  -  655 

3.  beterophilluin  J2. 655 

jr.arWrcwa'Hunflt.  HSS.  : 
CaifM  ind  JnaM  In  Nsp^. 

4.  re»oliituni  ICer  -  655 

J.  cbnJiXAcmn  HoUl  Fl. 
tmLi   ill   Xips/    rcUov    Ju- 

5.  (rO  pubSgenin)  D.  656 
Aqi. ;  CUiutf.tBa.  NspilaH. 

6.  offidnMe  L,  -  656 
S  foliia  ■Tginteu  £  656 
SfSliisafireuLC.  656 
4  B6ribiu  plinu  fil  656 

Kpocyndcex, 


S  wic^ta  ifort.  -  GST 
8.  minor  L.  -  957 

Fmhua  mtaor  Sop.  Cbb., 


Asclcpiad  aceie. 

t.  pBRrPLOCA  Z>. .  65 


8.  angustifdlia  LoA.  659 


I.  BtaN0^r.4Tou. '  660 
-      TmapM  FlowtT_Bl(. 


afaiiuarg^tcisZ.. 

S  foliis  alireij  I.ad:  6JB 

4  &&n  ilto  i.od.  a  658 

5  Bin  fliao  Lad.  658 

6  adre  puotceo  i~  658 
T  acutifldn  Serf.  658 

b  3 


capreoUta  Zi. 
II.  Tk'coma  JuBg 
I .  radlcans  J 


IitcarwiSttgraZi^a  Spmf! 
SjlC;  rv^-mmja,  ChlHH. 

IIL  Cat^Lfa  Jum.  668 

othn-i;  BifKnu  Caiaifo.  Fr.  j 
(nnnM  rran^xmUiPHi  Ger. 
1 ,  lyTineiEfBliB  Sinn   688 

CUtbi*  Mnwidnd;!!  Iran.  R. 
Sr".  S.  mnhWiVi  Nult.  G«l. 
ABIEr. :  AUI  S*K«iiii>,  Cstedu 
tfr  rdtairiaut,    Pr.  [    Tnmf€* 


I.    S'OLA'NtlM  7\)unt.  663 

Ttaa    NI(liUb>d«.  —  itiloit. 

liiSm   V<D[.    Jird.     kdm., 
jMtrMi  Jm.  .*"wt.  -•  MonBe, 
Ft.  I  A'oelUuUanh  G«.  1  Sk 
lama.  JUL 
1.  Dulnunira  L.    -  664 


aiaira  Trig.,GlvctiilcrBi  itw 
rulLiHlrtrri     B*uB.     HUl.i    M 


XXXVlll 


CONTENTS. 


MoreMe  grw^fonte,  Begnault 
Bot.  Icon. 

1  oiolioea  H,  Eytt.  664 

2  ilba  Lin.  FL  Suec  664 

3  durnea  Oels.  Ups.  664 

4  plena  Townu  Itut.  664 

5  variegata  Mvnt.    664 

6  hinikta  Dm's  MiIL664 
S.  liltordie  Hort. 

7  rup^stris  Sehmidt  664 

2.  cHspum  R.4r  S.    664 
IL  Ly'civu  L.     .  665 

The  Box  Thorn.— Joffnt- 
noidet  NIm.  in  Act.  OaU. :  Ma. 
irimaiU0  Fine^  Amer.;  Lffcten, 
Fr.;  Rocksdomt  Ger. ;  Lido, 
lUl. 

1.  europfleHim  L.    -  665 

L.  taUc(fbUum  Mill.  Diet., 
Jatmn^Ues  aadedium  Mich. : 
^'«o  MMto,  5;>iMo  dV  O-Ma, 

VarieUet.  —  Fhrft    yellow. 
Fruit  roundish    •       .  666 

2.  (e.)  b&rbarum  L,  666 

L.  hAMnjraMtm  Mili.  Diet., 
L.  Mr6«nim  «  vtiigdre  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew. :  the  DiSke  qf  Ar- 
atr»  Tea  lYee. 

3.  (e.)  chiD^nse  Af.  666 

li.  barbarwn  fi  dUiiime  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.,  L.  bdrbantm 
Lour.  Cocb.?,  U  ovdtum  M. 
DuHam. 


667 


4.  (e.^  Trewianum 

L.  bdrbamm  Lam.  Diet.,  L. 
aMiliwe  N.  Da  Ham. 


5.  (e.)  ruth^oicum    667 

L.  tatdrtcum  Fall.  Fl.  Boss. : 
Lffden  de  la  Ruuie^  Tt. 
2  c^apiottin  PaU.       667 

6.  (e.)  laoceolatum   668 

Lb  europai^ttm  fi  Doc.  Fl.  Fr. 

7.  (?e.)  turbinktum  668 

L.  haUmifilhim  BUll.  DtcL?, 
L.  Mrfttsiiw  /8  Dae.  Fl.  Fr. 

8.  ^irum  £.    -        .  668 
2  rlgidum     -        .  668 

L.  rigAlKm  BooOi. 

OiA«-  Species  qf  L,pcium L. 

OT^tum,  L.  spatulfttum,  and 
Lt.  oboWUum      -         •  669 

III.   CtLABO'wSKIA  Schl. 

1.  hoetbatLVugfoUa  S.  669 

L^Mm  boerkMnlmnUvaa 
Lin.  SnpoL,  JSMr^iU  hotfmt. 
jptfa  L^rit.  Stlrp..  L^i^m 
httenpk^lktm  Murr.  Comm. 
G&tt,    Jatminoide*    tpinbnm 

mcmK,  Fr.  »  ,«- 

ScrqpkularidcecB. 

I.  Bu'DRLBil  L.       -  670 

I.  globdsa  L.  "       -  670 
Jwddlea   globmra    N.    Du 

Ham. ;  A.  capitdta  Jaoq.  Col.. 
Icon.  Bar. ;  Fdlauin,  Feuillte 
It.:  Buddkiagbbfdeux,  Fr. ; 
Xopftragende  AuU^,  Ger. 

II.  PAULoVN/i<  Sieb. 


eartnUoi  Spremg.  Sjftt. :  J&rW, 
Japanese ;  2W,  Hak^ioo,  Chin. 

1.  imperi^lk  iSSird.  .  671 

BtoihmiB,  tomentdea  Thunb. 
Fl.  Jap.,  Willd.  a^  PL.  Pers. 
Syn.  I  iMtrwUtf.  toment&sa 
Spreng.  Syst  Veg. :  Kirri, 
Japanese,  Kcmpf  .  Amflsn. 

Zjobidcea* 
PtaLo'Mis  fruticdsa  672 

Jerusalem  Sage. 

J^osmari'mus    officinalis 
i.     .         .        .  672 

Xava^ndula  jSjpka    672 

Hie  cranmon  LaTcnder. 

iS^A'LYiA  officinalis  L.  673 

Verbendceie. 
L  FiVex  i.  -        .  673 

The  Chaste  Tree.  —  GatOier, 
Fr. ;  Ji:«McMaiim,  Ger. :  yOiee, 

1.  il'gnus  disttis  I..  673 

^Bon.,  A'gnw  cSuus  Blackw., 
Viper  offrttti*  Gerard:  Arbre 

di  Monaei.  Ital. 

2  latifdlia  MUL      -  674 

2.  (il.)  inclsa  Lam,   674 
V.  Negdndo  Bot.  Mag. 

3.  arborea  J^cur.       -  674 


Subdiv.  IL     MONOCHLAMY'DEiE: 


Chenopodicicece. 
I.  Chbnopo^iuh  Ir.675 

The  Goosefoot.—  SaUhia  ip. 
Lin.:  AtueHne,  Fr.;  Gause 
FWm,  Ger. ;  CkenopoOlo,  Ital. 

1.  frutie6sum  Schrad,675 
Stonecrop    Tree-  —  Satsdla 

fruticdsa  Lin.  Sp.  PL:  The 
skruU^  Oiauwort :  Soude  en 
Arbre^  Fr. ;  UrauekartigeM 
Salstkrastt,  Ger. ;  Sopramrivolo 
iegnoso,  Ital. 

2.  pairifdlium  R4  S,  675 

C.  firuitcbsum  Bleb.  In  Fl. 
TRur'Cauc,  C.  microphSttum 
Bieb  in  SuppL  to  Fl.  Taur.- 
Cauc.  SaMUa  flmticdta  Bieb. 
Casu.,  Siaida  mkrophjfUa 
Pall.  must. 

II.  il'TRIPLBX  L,   -  676 
The  Orache.— i4iTocJ|«,  Fr. ; 
Melde,  Ger. ;  AtripUee,  Ital. 

1.  /Talimus  L.       .  676 
The  Tree  Purslane.  ^  H£tf. 


OTMS  l«MfdliH«  Jive  Jnaicd$us 
Bauh.  Pin. ;  H^AmM  i.  Clus. 
Hist.:  ike  broad-leaved  Sea 
Purslane  Tree ;  Arrocke,  Fr. ; 
strauchartMge  Melde,  Ger. 

2.  flK>rtulacoide8  L,   676 

The  Sea  Purslane Ho/Amis 

s«c<ijMfacf  Clus.  Hist.,  H.  vul- 
garis Ger.  Emac..  Hdlimus 
seu  Porluldca  marina  Bauh. 
Pin.  K'triplex  maritima,  Vii- 
UmusetVortuldco  marina  dicta 
angust(fblia  Rail  Syn.:  ike 
narrow-leawd  &a  Pursiatke 
Tree. 

III.  Dio^is  Schreh,  677 
Ceratoides  Toum.,    .f'jwrft 
Lin.,    Ceratospermum  Pers. 

I.  CcratoMes  JT.   -  677 

A'turU  Ceratifides  Lin.  Sp. 
PL,  C^rotasp^rmicm  Mppdntm 
Pers.,  J^syr<f  fi^utf^Mri^ 
Am  >2araMra  Aswilw  Gmel. 
Sib.,      Ack^Sntkes    pappdsa 

I^-^^f^'*  ^rasekenSmi. 
Weia  Guldenst  In  Act.PMrop.. 
Vrtica  JbUis  lantrolitis  fiemi. 


If^s^^^"*^'  *oy-  Lugdb.5 

Cerat&ides  ar^utdUs  J^-uOcdsa 
Elmagni  fblio  Toum.  Cor. : 
Orienimlisckes  Doppeiokr,  Ger. 

Pob/gondceiff. 

I.  Traoopy'^uh  Bieb. 
The    Goat.Wheat^Pa/^00. 
--  Lin.  Hort.  Ups. 


1.  laneeoUtum^if^.  678 

Po(^«0MMN/N(/<«OflW  Willd. 

oPv  Plj.    etrauckartiger  JCad^ 

tertgf  Ger. 

2.  6uxi[51ium  j&«ei.    678 

„,^oi^tonmm  crismUum  var.  a 
SlmsBot  Mag. ;  P.amcastcum 
Uoflm. 

3.  pol/gamum  Spr.    679 

^  ,  ■^*??"**  Poi^gamvmVmL 
CeU.,  P.  parvifhUum  Nutt. 
(Sen. 

I .  marltlma  .        .  67i> 


CONTENTS. 


xxxj:s 


II.  Atbafua'xis  L.  679 

AUHplex    Tourn.:  ArmcA- 
rnddSt  Ger. 

1.  spinosa  L,  -  680 

aemiedtmstjidr*  |»iUcAro,Toum. 
Cor. 

2.  undulata  L.       -  680 

in.  CALLI^GONUHlL.dSO 
FaUdiia.    L.,     Fterocdecut 
2>aU. 

1.  P&UiisM  L'H^t.    680 

Pleroc6ceu$  mkfihu  Fall. 
Vov.,  Caagamak^foif^omSUta 
P«fl.  Itin.,  Po&ixia  ofamfca 
Lin  fll.  SuppL.  PaiUMa  Fte- 
^aU.  fil. 


roo6eeu$  Pall.  fil.  Ro«. :  Cas- 
pJMdter  Haekenknof^,  Ger. 

I.  Zau'rus  j^.       -  681 

The  Laurel,  or  Bau  Tree 

S&snfras  ontf  Beumn  C.  G. 
Km  BMenbeck :  Di^An^,  Greek; 
Laurier,  Fr. ;  Lorbeer,  Ger. 

1.  D6biiLB  i^.    -     -  681 

The  Sweet  Bav.— Lotfrttf 
Canier.,Tour.,Doa(DO.,Ra7 ;  L. 
m^dr£f  Baoh.  Pin. :  Lamrier 
comtmm,  LanKner  frame.  Lau- 
rier  d'JpoUomJLauriertfSamce, 
Fr.;  gemehte  Lorbeert  Ger.; 
JUoroy  Itel. 

2  undulata  Aftff.    -  682 

3  ralicifolia  Swt.    .  682 
L.  n.  angut^fbliti  Lod. 

4  Tariegita  Ac^.    -  682 
L.  n.fU.  9ar.  Lodd.  Cat. 

5  lati£oiU  lft/7.     .  682 

6  eiispa  Z.orf(e^  Cat,  682 

7  flore  pidoo  -  682 

2.  caroiineiuus  Co/ei.  683 

The  Red  Baj.  —  L.  JbrMnIa 
Xm.  &».,  L.  axUUri*  Lam., 
JbrMNla  jp.  Plum.  Gen..  Tir- 
sea  Borb&iAa.  Spreog. :  the 
broad  -  leaved  Carolina  Sap  : 
XoirHifrroMjgr,  Lamrier  Bour- 
bon, Lamrier  de  CaroUne,  Fr. ; 
Carolini$cker  Lorbeer,  rotker 
Lorbeer,  Ger. 

2  glabra  Pursh      -  683 

3  pubescens  Purth    683 

4  obCiLsa  iW«&      -  683 

3.  Catesbiaiia  Mx.     683 
L.4eMtiodlit  Lin.  Spec,   L. 

M^rvi*  MiU.  Bict..  UEmd*' 
wnu  iUtiwdUM  Nutt.  Gen.: 
Pond  Busk,  Amer.;  &»»»«■ 
Lorbeer,  Ger. 

B.  Leaves  deciduous. 

4.  Sditafrat  L.        -  683 

Ar(iUo,  margme  plenOt  Sassa- 
fras dicta.  Pluk.  Aim.;  5m- 
st^firas  arbor,  ex  Ptorida,  fieuU 
meo  faUo,  Bauh.  Pin.;  SAwaflrai 
sp.  C  G.  Mees  Von  Eaenbeck, 


PIrcM  SAtfafrai  ^|pr«w. :  Last' 
Her  Basutfiras,  Fr. ;  Sassafras 
Lorbeor,  Ger. ;  Sassi^asso, 
ItaL 

5.  Benzoin  L.    -    -  685 
The  Bei^amhiTree.— if  V6or 

«lr|>M^diMi  eitre^B  vei  limonH 
folio,  benaoinum  fundens, 
Conun.  Hort. ;  I^aiirus  msti- 
otUis  Wangh.  Amer.,  Idttrus 
PMe^do-Beazhin  Miehaus  PL 
Bar,  Amer.t  Su6sntus  Bensbls 
Nuit.  Gen.,  Benxbin  sp.  C. 
G.  Meet  Von  E«enbeck  :  ^'ee 
Bush,  Spice  Wood,  or  wild 
Allspice,  Amet. ;  Laurierfaus 
BetaoiHf  Fr. ;  Benxoin  Lorbeer, 
Ger: 

6.  (j9.)  i>io8p^ni8P.  685 
L.  £fli^«mtcs  iitospdrus  Mutt. 

Gen.,  L.  diosnu^des  Mx.  FL 
Bor.  Amer.,  >  L.  meiisss^fbUa 
Walt.  Car. 

7.  geniculata  Mjt,     685 

L.  Eu6smus  geniculdla  Nutt. 
Gen.»  L.  eesUtdlis  Willd.  8p. 
PL 

^hymeldcea. 
I.  2>A'P|iMB  L.      -  686 

TkymeUe^a  Tonm.  Inst., 
Gsrtn. :  Dajdtne,  Ft.j  SeideU 
bast,  Ger. ;  Dqfite,  ItaL 

A.  Leaves  deddsnus. 

1.  Mezereum  L.     -  687 
The   common   Meaereon.  — 

&pirge  OUve,  Spurge  Flax, 
Plowering  Spurge,  Parkinson ; 
Dwarf  &if,  Gerard:  Laur6ole 
finselle,  Bois  gentU,  Mentreon, 
Botsjeii,  Fr. ;  gemeiner  Seidel- 
bast,  or  Keuerbalz,  Ger. ;  Pe- 
peraektige  Dapkne,  Dutch ; 
Laureola  fenuna,  Biondella, 
Cornelia,  Ital. ;  Laureola  Mem- 
bra, Spui. 

2  fldre  &lbo     -       ■  687 

3  autuxnnale  -  687 

2.  altMca  Pail.       -  687 

Dapkme  aUaique,  LaurMe 
de  Tartarie,  Fr.;  SUtiriseker 
Seidelbast,  Ger. 

3.  alpina  L.    -      -  688 

Tie  Alpine  Chamdea  Marsh. 
Plant:  DapknddesAlpes,  Ft.  i 
A^ten  Seidelbast,  Ger. ;  OUveila, 
Ital. 

B.  Sreet.   Leaves  persistent. 
Flowers  lateral. 

4.  Laiur^olaX.      -  688 

The  Spurge  Laurel. — DmM^ 
noides  virum  vel  Laureola 
Gesn. :  Lauriola  RaU  Sjn., 
Ger.  Em. ;  TksfmeWa  Lau- 
reola Scop.  Ca^. :  the  ever- 
green Daphne :  LaurMe  male, 
LaurMe  des  Anglais,  Fr.  :  An- 
mergrltner  SeideUxut,  Ger. ; 
CaMo  di  Lupo,  Ital. 

5.  p6ntica  L.         -  688 
TM^melit^a    pSntiea,    a'irei 

foliis,  Tourn.   Kin.:   LaurMe 
b  4 


dm  Levant,  Fr. ;  PonOtcker  Set' 
detbmst,  Oer. 

2  rikbra  Sort,         -  689 

3  foliis  variegatis  L.  689 

6.  Thymels'a  Vahl.  689 

TkymeUe^a  foliis  polygalm 
glabris  Bauh.  Pin. ;  T.  afylna 
gldbra,  JloscuUs  suUuteis  ad 
foliorum  ortumsessilibus.  Pluk. 
Aim. ;  Sanam6nda  wridis  vel 
gldbra  Bauh.  Prod.;  Sana- 
mAndo  gldbra  Bauh.  Hist. ; 
Passerina  ThtfmeUe^a  Dee. ; 
the  wad  Olive :  la  Tkymelie, 
Fr. ;  astloser  Seidelbast,  Ger. 

7.  Tdrton^aira  L  -  689 
Tkpmelee'a  foliis  eandieanti- 

bus  et  series  Instar  mollikus 
Bauh.  Pin.  ;  TarUm-Raire 
OaUo-provineim  MonspdieU' 
slum  Lob.  Ic,  Sanamimda  or- 

feniita  laiifbUa  Barr.  Ic, 
*asserina  Tirton-raira5e*rri..* 
the  oval4eaved  Dapkne :  Lou- 
rfole  blanche,  Fr.;  SOberbtot- 
triger  Seidelbast,  Qer. 

8.  (?  T.)  pub^scens  689 

TAymdlre^a  itdUca,  Tartom- 
raire  Golio-mrovincim  similis, 
sed  per  omusa  m^for,  Michell: 
Behaarter  Seidelbast,  Ger. 

9.  (?  T,)  toxnentdsa  690 

Passerina  villbsa  Lin. ;  Lou- 
riole  cotonneuse  Lam.  Encyc. 

0.  Erect.  Leaves  persisteni. 
Flowers  temunoL 

10.  coUina  SnM       690 

The  Neapolitan  Mezereon 

D.  eoBUsa  m  Bot.  Reg. :  ?  D. 
buxifblia  Vahl  Symb. ;  Da- 
phni  des  CoU/nes,  Lauriole  i 
FeuHles  de  Santt,  Fr. ;  Stumaf- 
bOitriger  Seidelbast,  Ger. 

2  neapolitAna  L,    .  690 
D.  net^tolitdna  Lod.  Bot. 

11.  (c.)oie6idefl  -  690 
Chamadapknoides       crttica 

Alpin.  Exot.,  TkMehe*a  erf. 
tica  oleafMo  uirmsque  glabra 
Tourn.  Cor. ;  D6phne  uilici- 
^fbHa  Lam.  Encyd.:  Laurfole 
d  PeuiUes  iTOHvier,  Fr  ;  OeU 
baumbliittriger  Seidelbast,  Ger. 

12.  (c,)8erice&Fahl69l 
Tkymeia^'a  ertUoa  olem  foUo 

subtus  vUlosa  Tourn.  Cor., 
Ddpkne  ola^fWa  Lam.  Encyc. : 
Seidenartiger  Seidelbast,  Ger. 

13.  Striata  TYat.    -  691 

D.  Erect.   Leaves  persistent. 
Flowers  in  Racemes. 

14.  Goidium  L.     -  691 

tkifmelara  foliis  Uni  Bauh. 
Pin.:  Spurge  Flax,  Mountain 
Widow  Wayle :  Daphnf  Gni- 
dium,  LaurMe  d  Panicute, 
Fr. ;  BispenbTdtiriger  Seidel- 
bast, Ger.;  Camelea,  Ital. 

E.  Prostrate.  Leaves  persist- 
ent. Flowers  terminal,  ag- 
gregate. 

15.  Cneorum  L.  -  691 
Cmbrum  Matth.  Hist,  Clus. 


xl 


CONTEHM. 


HUt. :  nifm£l6eie»  Alpeit  Fr.; 

WokhrieckewUr  SeOMast,  Ger. 
8  fdliis  variegatis  698 
S  flore  iXbo  -  698 

II.  Di'RCA  L.        -  6d2 

Leather-wood.  ^  TAymcte^a 
Gron.  Vlrg. 

I.  palustris  L.       -  692 
Moor-wood:    Bolt  de   Cmir^ 
Boit  de  Plombt  Fr. ;  Sum^fLe- 
derkobi,  Ger. 

Santalaceae. 
I.  Nt'ss^  L.         -  693 

The  Tup^  Tree. 

1.  bifldra  Mickx.    -  693 
N.  ami6liea  Lin.  Sp.  PI. ; 

N.  earoUiddna  L..  N.  HttegH- 
Jblia  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  N.  pe- 
dSneutiM  wtifldr^  Gron.  Vlrg . : 
Mountaim  Twpelo  Mart  MlU. : 
Qum  TreCt  Sour  Qum  TVcr, 
Peperidgtt  Amer. 

2.  (b.)  vUlosa  Mz.  694 

N.  nlvMea  MIcfax.  K.  Amor. 
Syl.,  N.  muU(fldra  Wangenh. 
Amer.»  N,  montdna  Hort.,  N, 
pedincuUi  un^flbrit  Gron.  Vlrg.: 
Sow  Gum  Tree,  Blaek  Own, 
Yelhta  Gum,  Amer. ;  Hoarder 
Tu^lobmimt  Ger. 

3.  (b.)  c&ndicans  ili'.694 

The  Ogecfaee  Lime  Tree.  -* 
N.  eapitaia  Walt.,  Alt.,  Uichx. ; 
2f.  eoednea  Bartram  r  Sour 
Tufelo  Tree,  Wild  Lime :  weiu- 
ticker  TmipeMaumt  Ger. 

4.  (b.)  grandidentita  694 
The  Large  Tupelo  Tree.— 

N.  UmuniMa  ana  N.  ONgwIi- 
xane  Mich.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  N. 
dentieuldta  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  N. 
Mguldsa  Polr.,  N.  uniddra 
Wangenh.  Amer.:  WUd  0U9e, 
Amer. J  Vininiam  Water  Tu- 
pelo, mut.  fiUI. 

II.  OsY^is  L.       -  695 
The  Poet'i  CaMia.— C^«mi 
Camer.,  Lob.,  Alpin.,  Geta. 

].&lba£.      -        -  695 

O.  JdUit  UueirHmt  aeluie 
Lcell.  It.,  O.  jhrutttoent  hoc- 
t^era  Banh.  rln.,  Cdtto  po- 
tttea  MontpeUtnsium  Cam. 
Epit,  Cdeia  Latinitrum  Alp. 
Kxot.,  Qiaia  MonepelH  dicta 
Gem.  Bpit. :  u>ei$*e  Oeifrit, 
Ger. 

I.  ^lsa'gnus  Toter.  696 

The  Oleaster,  or  Wild  OUoe 
Tree.  —  Ckal^  Fr. ;  WUde  Oel- 
bmuH,  Ger. ;  Eiwgiio,  ItaL 

I.  hort^nsis  Bieh,  •  696 

B.  mtguttifdUa  L.,  Wflld.  Sp. 
PI.;  E.  eongiriea  Fladi.,  B. 
i$»(rmi$  MlU.  Diet.,  B.  argfu' 
teuM  Momch  Heth..  B  orientdlie 
Deliile,  ?  E.  arghUea  Wat*. 
Dend.  Brit.:  Jeru$alem  Wil- 
low :  Olivier  de  Bokime,  Ckalef 
i)  FeuiUes  itroitcs,  Fr. ;  schniat. 


Nattrlger  Oleaeter,  Ger. ;  JL 
hero  dtPmrmdtBO,  Ital. 

1  angustifdlia  ^m5.  697 
B.  anguttp^Ua  L. 

2  dactylifonms      -  697 

3  orientilifl  •         •  697 
JLorietUdUa'L, 

4  spinott      -         -  697 
B.ipAidML. 

2.  arg^ntea  Ph,      -  697 
Mittouri  SOoer  TVoe,  U.  S. 
of  North  AnMrlca. 

Other  Species  qfEUtSgum,^ 
E.  raUcifMia  ?D,l>om,  E. 
conftrta  Hort,       -        -  697 

II.  .ETiPPo'pHAB  Xr.  698 

The  Sea  Backthom,  or  Sal- 
louibom.'^RJUmm^det  Tomr. : 
Argouuier,  Fr. ;  Hqffdom,  or 
Sanddom,  Ger. ;  Ippqjfae^  ItaL  { 
E^uo  amarOlo,  Span. 

1.  RhamnoMes  L,  -  698 

RAam»Side»  fioryjera  tSlidi 
fdlid  Toum.  Cor.,  BMamnSidee 
frue^era  Rail  Syn. :  Argam- 
tier  faux  Nerprum,  Fr. ;  Wei- 
den&attriger  Sanddom,  Ger.; 
if  rve,  or  Sdule  ipineux,  in  the 
Alps  of  Switzeiund. 

8  angustifdlia  LodL  698 

5  ribirica      -         -  699 
H.  tOMea  Lodd.  Cat. 

2.  falicifolia  2>.  Don  699 
H.  eonftrta  Wall,  ia  MSS.  of 

the  Catal.  of  the  Linn.  Soc 
Indian  Herb.,  Boyle's  Uluat. 

III.  SHEPHB^BD/if  NuU. 

1.  arg^itea  NuU.   -  700 

lHipp6pkae  arginiea  Porsh 
Sept:  Miaoomri  Silver  Leqf, 
and  Btfffblo  Berry  Tree,  Amer. ; 
Ralihtt  Berry,  and  Bie^  Suet 
Tree,  Amer.  Indians ;  Oraiee 
de  Bi^gHe,  or  BtiffaU>Fat^¥readi 
traders. 

2.  canadensis  Nutt,  700 

lUppUpkae  caneMnHs  Lla. 
Sp.  PL.  Willd.  Sp.  Pin  Porsh 

Sept. 

hristolochidcea* 
I.  ./Iristolo^chia  Xi.701 

The  Birthwort—i<WMoftidl«, 
Fr. ;  Oslerian^,  Ger. 

1.  s}pho  V  Merit.  -  701 
X.maeropkfiOa  Lam.  Bncyc. : 
Aristolodie  Syphom,  Fr. ;  grou- 
UaUrige  Osteriuzey,  Ger. ;  Phte 
fimejOtBirtkwort,  Amer. ;  5^ 
and  Ptpa,  Ital. 

2  (s.)  tomentosa  S.  702 

I.  STiLLi'NOLfOard.  702 

I.  Ag68trina  fVilld.  -  702 

II.  Bv'xvi  L.        -  703 

The  Box  Tree.  —  Buit,  Fr. ; 


Bugbmm^,  Bucktbautu,  Get.  % 
Bo»$olo,  Ital. 

1.  sempervirens  L.    703 

B4nM  Bail  Syn. :  Bui$  eom- 

mun,  Boit  hiui,  Fr.:   Buckt' 

bmuMf  Ger. ;  JXosaoio,  ital. 

1  arbor^soens  MiU.  705 

Butt  mrboreteent.  Ft, 

Hockt^mmige       Buekt- 

bmuu,  Gor. 
Subpart. — arg6neea  Hort., 
afirea  Iforf.,  morglnita 
Hort,      -       -       -701 

8  angustifolia  MUL  703 
AiMrar.— rariegita  J7. 703 

3  suffiruticosa  MilL   704 
B.  ktmilit  Dod.  Pempt. 
B.  t,  nd$ta  N.  Du  Ham. 
BuA  uaiu,Buit  d  Bor- 

duret,    Buit     d'Artoit, 
Bm't   tTHoUaude,  petit 
Buit,  Fr. 
Zuierek  Buehtbttum,  Ger. 

4  myrtifolia  Lam,     704 

2.  baldirica  Wi/&1.  -  704 

B.  t.  par.  gfgantea  N.  Du 
Ram. :  Minorca  Bo* :  Buit  de 
Mimorque,  Buit  de  Makou,  Fr. ; 
BaleariMer  Bueksbaumt  Ger. ; 
Bottolo  gpniile,  ItaL 

Artocdrpees. 

I.  Afo^us  Toum,  -  705 
The  Mulberry  Tree. —Mi- 
rier,   Fr. ;    Maulbeere,  G«r.  $ 
Moro,  Ital. 

1.  nigra  Potr.     -    -  706 

The  common  Mulberry — 
Mdrw  Dod.  Pempt.,  M./ractu 
nigro  Baoh.  Pin, 

8laciniitaA£fff.  D,  706 

2.  Wba  L.      .        -  707 

M.  e&udida  Dod.  Pempt.. 
M.  /Hietu  dibo  Bauh.  Pin.  ^  M. 
Sibttfruetumhutrt  aXbo  iuitUto 
Du  Ham.  Arb. 

2  multica^lis  Per,  707 
M.  loldHica  DesC 

M.  bull^Ua  Balbls. 
Cftm«<«  ^ack  Mulberry, 
Perrottet  Mulberry, 
Many-ttaiked  Mulberry, 
MArler  PerrotUt,   Mfl- 
rier    it    Tiget    ttom- 
breutet,    Mttrier    des 
PkiUppinet,  Fr. 
MorodeUe  AHniAif.ltal. 

3  Moretti^na  Hor.  707 
DoflMfofo'^  Mulberry. 

4  macrophf  lla  X.   707 
M. « latifblia  HoH. 

M.  UtpMca  Hort. 
If irier  d*  ApofH^, 
FeuOle  d'Etpagne,  Fr. 

5  roooAna  Xodl  C.  707 
If. «.  oval&bUa. 
MArier  romain,  F^. 

6  neryosa  £<Nf.  C.  707 
M.  iwrvdta  Bon  Jard. 
M.  tubdiba  nerpdsa  Hor. 

7  itiUica  ITorf.      -  708 
M.  itdlica  I<od.  Cat.  1836. 

8  rosea  Bort  -    -  708 
Small  white  Mulberry. 
Mirier  rote,  PeuiUe  rot^ 

Fr. 


CONTENTS. 


xli 


9  ooinmbiastL  JL  -  706 
Colmmba,rr. 

10  membraniUseaJL.  708 
MtHer  i  FeuUU  de  Par- 

cAnRte,Fr. 

1 1  sin^nab  Sort   -  706 
M.  WMm^  Hort. 

M.  dldi6ua  LodL  Gat 
TkeChime$eMuaerrw. 

ISptknulAiVbtt.?.  708 

M.  «.iiaiMBort.Brit. 
Otker  VmieUea     -       -  706 

3.  (a.)  tatirica  PaU,  709 

4.  rubra  L.    '        -  709 

H.  9irgiMiea  Fluk.  Alm^  H. 
"-^-^-T  NoU.  Arb.  Fruit. 


Sscabra        -         -  710 
M.fe4ftraWmd.,Nutt. 
M.  cammifntlt  Poir. 

II.  BaoussoNE'T/iiVent. 

Mdrttt  Sfte  K/emff.,  Lim. ; 
Tapiirm  Encye,  Bot.,  Lam.  lU. 

(fera  r^n/. -710 

^„  MulbenT.— Md- 
ntf  papprtfera  Un.  Sp*  PI. 
S  cucuIUte  -         -  710 
B.  euemOAia  Bon  Jard. 
B,  tpmtiMta  Hort.  Brit. 
^.  mwUmtirit  Lodd.  Cat. 
3fr6ctu&lbo  -  711 

III.MACHj'B^Nutt.711 

T6jiplem  Raflneaque  in  1837. 

l.aurantiacaNutt.   711 

The  Oaafe  Oranae. -*  Anv- 
tmwd,  Ydiowood,  N.  Amer. 

IV.  FC'CVB  Tourn.  -  712 

Tlie  Fig  Tree.  -.JKncfcr,  Fr.; 
Peigenbamt,  Ger. ;  Pirn,  Ital. 

1.  aricaL.    .      .712 

F.MMmiiiA  Bauh.  Pin.,  F. 
MMOb  and  F.  tpitUiris  Tourn. 
Inst.:  P^uier  commmn,  Fr.j 
fVMe«M  A^cateMN,  Ger. 

Varietk»  -       •       -       •  71S 

V.  Bo'rt^  W.       -713 

AdUki  Mlchx.  FLBor.  Am., 


1.  rjgustrina  W.     -  713 

il«<fa  \ig69hina  Michx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Am..  BffelMa  Hf«f<riM 
Smith  In  iteet'i  Cyclop.  Add. 

2.  (?A)  acnminita  -  714 

AdiUu  aemmimUa  Mx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Anier..liteWdrla  aemmlmUa 
Smith  hi  Beer*  Cyclop.  Add. 

3.  (/.)  ponilosa  FT.  -  714 

JdtUa  ponObta  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer..  SfgOMM,  yormUfm 
Smith  ha  Rces*s  Cyclop.  Add. 
?  B.tmita  Lodd.  Cat.  1836. 

VbndcecB 


I.   U*LMV9  L.         -  715 
The  Btan.  ^-Orme,  Fr.;  Ulm , 
or  BItsUr,  0«r. ;  OIno.  Ital. 


I.  campestris  L.  -    715 

VImm  Aibua    Pliny   Nat. 
Hlrt.;  U.  miNor,JblA>  ai%ptt<o 
BcabrOf  Oer.  Emac:  Obmffp- 
rmmidttlet  Fr. 
VarieUef. 

A.  Timber  Hrect. 
1  mlg&ris    -        -   716 

U.  campittrtM  Hort.Diir. 
3  latifoUaJBbrf.     -716 

3  61ba  MdMtert       -  716 

4  acuUfolia  MaOerg  716 

5  stHcta^off.  Dur,  716 

6Tlreii8^oK.  2>«r.   716 
The  Kidbnok  Ebn. 

7  oomubi^nsis  Hort.  716 
U.  etricta,  Lindl.,  Lod. 
2%tf  Contiih  Elm, 

8  samidnsis  •  716 
U.  aamihuU  Lodd.  Cat. 
TkeJeretp  Elm, 

9  tortudsa  -  -  716 
U.  tortub$a  Lod.  Cat. 

r  Orme  tortOlard,  Fr, 
vnetedElm, 

B.  Ornamental  or  curiam, 

10  foliis  Tariegitis   -  716 

11  (etuliefolia  -  717 
U.  iKliUaJWia  Lod.  Cat. 

IS  TiminiLlis  H,  2>.  -  717 
U.  9immdUt  Lodd.  Cat. 

13  paiTiBiia  -     717 
V,  paraifblia  Jac,  Schon. 
U.  mieropk^fOa  Pen.     ^ 
U.  piam'la  var.B  {tranOat- 

etUhuis)  PaU.  Rom. 
U.  oJdnila  Wllld.  Sp.  PI. 
U.  pkmita  JWi*   p&rvie, 

U.  k^mOU  Enum.  Stlrp. 
Rttth. 

14  planiiolia        -     717 
U.  pUmifdUa  Hort. 

15  chin^nsis  -     717 
U.  ekinSmiM  Ten, 
TMdeFAbbi    GaUoi$  i 

Orme  nafn^  ¥r. 

16  cucuUita  Hort.  717 

17  coneavaefoUa  ff,  717 

18  fc^liU  aiireis  ZToit.  717 

19  nana  HorL         -  717 
Otker  FarSeUe$      -        -    717 

2.  (c.)  suberdsa  M.  718 

U.  eaavtstris  Woodr.  Mod. 
Bot. ;  U.  eampitris  ■»!  7»«- 
pkrSsA  Du  Ham,  Arb.,  U.  vuL 
gaAuima,f9Uo  lata  icabroGer. 
Emac. ;  V.montima  Cam.Bpit.: 
common  Elm  Tree,  Himter's 
EToLSyL:  rOrwe  Li^ge^rOrme 
/mmgeue^Fr,^ 

1  vulgaris     -        -  718 
U.  ember^ta  Hort.  Dnr. 
The   Dutdk    cork-barked 

Etm, 

2  rdliiavariegitii      718 
U.  tuberb$a  voriegila  Ht. 

Dur. 
3iaba  -  -719 

U.  tuberb$a  Uba  Maaten. 

4  electa  Lodd,  Cat.  712 

5  The  broad-lvd  Hert- 
fordfl.£lxn,  iroo(/719 


6  Hie  narrow  .lyd  Heit- 
fi>rd8.£liii.  Wood  719 

3.  (cAnaioT  Smilh    719 

U.  koOdndiea  MIU.  Diet,  i  U. 
m4/or  kolUhtdiea,  Ac.,  Pluk. 
Ahn.:  U.  m^/k^r,  mapUore  folio, 
ftc.,  Du  Ham.  Art).;  Tf/t'a  m4« 
Matth.  Valgr.,  U'ltrntf  /ffft^dMi 
Hkhx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. 

4.  effi^sa  WUld.     -  719 

U.  a'Oaia  Bhrh.  Artk,  V.pe- 
dmteuUtta  Lam.  Diet,  U.  oo- 
timdra  Schk.  Bot.  Handb.;  U. 
/dfib  latitsimo,  9[C.,  Buxb.  Hal.; 
U.  ik^9&  PaL  Rom.  :  FOrme 
ptdoneuli,  Fr. 

5.  montina  Bauh.  •  720 

The  Scotch  <irWychElm.—U. 
gldbra  Hods..  U.  <^a  Slbth., 
U.  «caftra  MilL  Diet.,  U  nbda 
Ehrh.,U.  em>^irt*yrind.  Sp. 
PI.,  U.  campfMtrii  laiifbUa  Hort 
Far.:  WpckHazel  of  old  autlwrt. 

Pariettee, 

A.  Tltoifer  2V0e>. 

1  TiilgJiriA       -       -  720 

2  nigoaa  Matters      720 
U.  n«dia  Lodd.  Cat 

3  major  Maeters    -  720 

4  minor  Afostera    -  720 

5  cebemi^nsis  J9brf.  720 
T%e  Ce^efma  Elm. 

6  nigra       -         -     720 
U.  nigra  Lodd.  Cat 
ThebliEeklriBkBIm, 

7  australis  ^orf.   -  720 
B.  Ornamental  or  emrioue. 

8  pendula    -         -  721 
V.pendula  Lodd.  Cat. 
V.itdbra  deeHmbemHon, 

Dur. 
U.  kortxontili$  Hort. 
U.  ribra  Hort.  Soc.  Card. 

9  ftstigUta  Hori,      721 
U.fSftra  rejrffcaia Hort. 

Dor. 
V.PArdABon, 
V.  ettoniimU  Hort 
Exeter  Elm,  Pord^sElm. 

lOcrispa      -  -  721 

?U.  eritpa   WUld. 
The  emrled-leaeed  Ebm. 

Other  PariOieB   -        -    7S1 

6.  (m.)  gi^ra  Aftll.  722 

U.  montibia  fi  Fl.  Br..  U. 
JbUo  glibro  Ger.  Emac.,  U. 
cMm&fWt  «ar.  3.  With.;  the 
/caused  Elm. 

VarietSei, 

A.  Timber  Trees* 

1  TulgfirU  -  723 
The  common  t$nootk4eaved 

Skn. 

2  Wgeta       -        -  723 
V.  mo$tidna  94geta  Hort. 

Soc  Card. 

U.  ameriedna    Masters. 

TleAMA^wAm  Elm,  the 
Chiche9terElm,the  Ame- 
rican Elm,  and  perbapt 
the  Scamptton  Elm. 

3  var.        -  -  723 
3V  Seampston  Elm, 


xlii 


CONTENTS, 


4  mj^or        •        -  723 

U.  gUtbrm  mi^or  Hort. 

Dur. 
The  Ctmierbmrv  SeedUug. 
6  glandulosa  ZAndL  723 

6  latifoUa  LirnO.    -  723 

7  microphylla  Hort,  723 
V,g.par9(fbUa. 

B.  OmamenkU  or  euriouM. 

8  p^dula  -  -  723 
U.  campi$trispin,  Hort. 
The  Doumion  Ebn. 

9  variegita  Hort.    723 
10  ramulosa  Booth  723 

7.  dlba  KU.    -        .  723 

8.  americkna  Z.      -  723 

TTbtf  wkiU  Elm,  Amer. :  Or 
(Umadiam  S/a^  M«  American 
whUe  Elm. 

1  riibra  ^i/.  JST.  K.  724 

2  41ba  ^ir.  Hort.  K.  724 
?  U.  mollifdUa  R,  ft  S. 

3  p^dula  i^t&  S.  724 

4  inciaa  ^orf.         *  724 

5  foliis  variegatifl  H.  724 

9.  (a.)  flil?a  JWiofcr.  724 
The  slippery  Elm^— U.  r^bra 

Mx.  Arlx :  Ormegratt  Fr. :  red 
Elm,  red-woodea  Elm,  Mooee 
Elm, 

10  al^ta  Me.  -        -  725 
U.  pitmOa  Walt.  Fl.  Carol. : 
the  Wakoo  of  the  North  Ame. 
rican  Indiana. 

II.  Pla'ner^  Gmel.  723 

fUkSmmu  Pall.,  Gttldeiut.; 
V'ltmme  Tarioua  aathon,  as  to 
tho  Pltmem  RJekArdl. 

1.  Rich&rds  Mx.     -  726 

The  Zelkoua  Tree.  —  P.  ere- 
nila  Mx.  Mtm.  sar  le  Zelkoua, 
P.  carphii/bUa  Wate.  Dend. 
Brit.,  P.  crendta  'DnX.^yLk&m- 
nua  carpinifblnu  Pall.  FI.  Ross., 
R.  ulmoidet  Guldens.  It.,  U'/- 
muM  creneUa  Hort.  Par.,  U. 
parvifdlia  WlUd.  Baum.,  U. 
camMttrit  Walt.  Fl.  Car.,  U. 
pot^gama  Richard  Act.  Paris, 
U.  nemordlie  Alt.  Hort.  Kew. ; 
U.  /dlUs  crematit  bd$i  tequM- 
btUt  frudu  opSldeo  mm  cam- 

EreMMo,  Poiret   Encyc.  Heth.: 
r  Zelkoua,  or  Orme  de  SibeHe, 
Fr. ;  RichariTs  Palnere,  Ger. 

2.  Oindlini  Mx.      -  726 
P.  vhnifbUa  Mx.  Arb.  Amer.. 

P.  aqudUea  Willd.  Sp.  PL, 
Aninifwntt  aquatieue  arbor,  &c 
Walt.  Carol/ 

III.  Cb'ltis  Toum,  121 
The  NetUe  Tree.  —  iMus  of 

Lobel  and  other  authors :  MU 
eoamlier,  Fr.  ;  ZHmgelbaum, 
Ger. ;  Cello,  Ital. 

I.  austr^lis  Xr.  -      -  727 

Ubtma  drbor  Lob.  Ic,  Ldtes 
sine  CiUi$  Cam.  Eplt.  :  Lote 
Tree:  Micacotdier  auairnl,  MU 
cocouUtr  de  Provence,  Fabre- 
amtier,  FabrecomUer  des  Pro- 


venpmu  (N.  Da  Ham.),  Fr.; 
Areidiavolo,  Ital. 

Fan'et^  -       -       -       -  7» 

2.  (a.)  caucasica  W.  728 

3.  Touraef6rtti  Lam.  728 

C.  orientdltM  minor,  foUte  mi- 
noribmM  et  oraetloribue,  frmctu 
JUt90,  Toum.  Cor. ;  C.  orien^ 
tdli*  Mill.  Diet.,  but,  according 
to  N.  Du  Ham.,  not  of  Lin. : 
Micocoulier  du  Levant,  MieO' 
coulter  dCOriemi,  Fr. ;  JIuff r»- 
finditcker  ZUngeibaum,  Ger. 

4.  (T.)  sinensis  Pers.no 

5.  Willdenovuirux  8.  729 
G.  »in6n$i*  WlUd.  Bnu.  Sup., 

Wllld.  Baum. 

6.  occidentlllis  L.  -  729 
The  North  American  Nettle 

Tree.  —  C.  friictu  ob$cihro  pur- 
pmra$cente  Touni.  Inst.,  C. 
obOqua  Morach:  Nettle  Tree, 
Sugar  Berry.  Amer. ;  Bote  in~ 
comm,  Illinois ;  Mioocoulier  de 
Flrginie,  Fr. 

2  cordata  WtOd.     •  729 

3  acabriiiscula  WiiitL  729 
C.  amtrdlit  Wllld.  Arb. 
C.  fo.fi  tenuifolia  Pers. 
C  dspera  Lodd.  Cat. 

C.  onentiUii  Hort. 

7.  crassifolia  Lam.  •>  730 

The  Hackberry.  — C.  cordi- 

Jblia  L'H6rlt   Hort.  Par.,  C. 

oorddta  Desfont. :  Ha^erry,  or 

Hoop  A$h,  Amer. ;  MicoeouUer 

d  Feuitlet  en  Cemr,  Fr. 

8.  Isvidita  Willd.   -  730 

9.  piimila  Ph.  -      -  731 

Otker  SpecicM  qf  CUtH.—C.  ori. 
entalis  L.     '  -  731 


Jtigland&cea. 

I.   Ju^GLANS  L.       -  732 

The  Walnut  Tree.  — ^oyrr, 

Fr. ;  ^otesis*,  Ger. ;  Noee,  TtaL 

1.  reg^a  L.     -        -  732 

N£r  Jitglani  Dod.  Pempt. ; 
N&r  JdfiMM,  ecu  regia  vtagd- 
rit,  Bauh.  Pin.  :  Noyer  com- 
mvM,  Fr. :  Notegmer,  rrorence; 
gemeine  tValnuu,  Oer. 

2  maxima     -         -  733 
"SHx  Sdgkuu  fHtetu  md*- 

imo  Bauh.  Flu. 
Ifoix  de  Jauge,  Bon  Jard. 
Clawniut  in   Kent ;  Am- 

nmt  in  Warwickshire. 

3  t^era        -         -  733 
N£r  Jiiglansfi^etu  Unero 

et  Jraetle  putSmfne 
Bauh.  Pin. 

Nauer  d  Coque  tendre, 
"Soyer  MStange  Bon 
Jard.  I.  e  ;  Mwer  de 
Mare  in  Dauphlne. 

Tke  tAm-skelled,  or  7Y/- 
mam§e,  lValn%U. 

4  8er6tina  Duf.     -  733 
NiLr  ibglam  fr^ctm  $er6' 

tino  Bauh.  Pin. 
Newer  tard(f,  Noyer  de  la 
Saint  Jean,  Bon    Jard. 
1896,  Noyer  de  Mai  In 
Dauphin^. 


5  laciniita    •         -  733 
NiLr  3kglan9  Jbttie   tad- 

n/^M  Heneaulm. 
Jbglam  keterophjflla  Ht. 
J^ilieifdUa  Lodd.  Cat. 
Tke    Fem4ea»eA  Wainmt 

Tree. 

Otker  Fariettu      .       .  7S3 

2.  nigra  L.  -  734 

TkeblM*  Wahmt,  ike  black 
Htdiory  Nut,  N.  Amer. ;  Noyer 
noir,  Fr. ;  Noee  nera,  lul. 

Farietiee         -       .       -785 

3.  cinerea  Xr.     -    -  735 

The  Butter-nut.  —  J.  catkdr. 
tiea  N.  Amer.  Syl.,  J.  obl6nga 
Mill.  Diet. :  Oa-nmt,  Wkite  WaU 
nut,  Amer.  ;  Noyer  eendrt, 
Fr. ;  graue  Walnues,  Ger. 

II.  Ca^rya  Nutt.   -  735 

The  Hickory  Tree.>-Jftrlra« 
«p.  Lin.,  WUld.,  Michx. ;  Hic6. 
rlus  R^ineeque :  Hickory 
Amer. 

1.  olivsef^rrois  NuU.  736 

The  Pacane-nut  Hickory 

Jbgtant  rbbra  Gsrtn.  Sem. ; 
J.  eylindriea  Lam.  Bncjrci.,  N. 
Du  Ham. ;  J.  P^can  Muklemb. ; 
J.anguet^bUoAit.  Hort.  Kew.; 
J.  oavoifiirmii  Mx.  *F1.  Bor. 
Amer. :  Pecan-nut,  Illinois- 
nut,  Amer. ;  Phonier,  Pacanut, 
Noyer  Picanier,  Fr. 

2.  am^  Nutt.       -  737 

Jiglane  tundra  Mx.  Arb.: 
Bitter-nut,  Wkite  Hickory, 
Swamp  Hickory,  Amer. 

8.  aquadca  NuU.   -  737 
The  Water  Bitter-nut  Hick- 
ory. —  ibgkme  aqu  tica  Mx. 

4.  tomentdsa  Nutl.  738 

The  Mocker-nut  Hickory. 
—  Jkglant  &lba  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  J. 
Alba  Mtti.  Diet.,  J.  tomentbta 
Mx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.:  WAtte- 
keart  Hickory,  commonHickory, 
Amer. ;  Noyer  dur,  Illinois. 

2  nULxima  Nutt.     -  739 

5.  filba  Nutt.  -  739 
The  ShelUbark  Hickory.  _ 

Jkglam  6lba  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  J.  6lba  ovdta  Marsh. 
Arb.,  J.  squamdsa  Mx.  Arb., 
J.  eomprisia  Gssrtn.  Sem.: 
Skag-bark  Hickory,  Scaly-bark 
Hiekory,  Kisky  fkomas  Nut, 
Amer. ;  Noyer  tendre,  lilinoia. 

6.  sulcata  Nutt.     -  739 

Jil^ans  laeinib$a  Mx.  Arb., 
J.  mucron^a  Mx.  Fl.  Bor. 
Amer.,  J.  eulcdta  Willd.  Arb. : 
tkick  SkelUbark  Hickory, 
Snringfleld  Nut^  Gloucester 
Nut,  Amer. 

7.  porcina  Nutt.    -  740 

Jbgtans  pordna  n  oboorddta 

Mx.  Arb. ;  J.  porcina  var.  vitk 

fruit    round,    and    somevfkat 

rougk,  Mx.  H.  Amer.  Sylv. ;  J. 

obcorddta  MUhlenb. :  Pig.nut, 

Hog-nut,  Broom  Hickory. 

2  glabra        -         -  741 

ibglans   porcina  fi   Uci- 

Mrmis  MX.  Arb. 
J.  glabra  Miihl. 


CONTENTS. 


xliii 


8.  myrisricsefdnniay.  74- 1 

The  Nutmeg  Hickory.— Jft- 
gtaw  fnyHMfto^/S^rmw  Michx. 
Arfa. 

9.  microc&rpa  Nuit,  748 

otter  apecie$  qf  C^H^.t  ^• 
aiaUsaa  (Jltflonu  onu^cvm* 
Mj^,  C.  publiceM  Z^M,  C. 
rtgkii  (J.  ricMte  Lodd.  Cat.), 
C.  tntegriAHiu  5prnw.,  Hl- 
edrius  hUqprif^imt  Ralb.  497 

IILPtbroca^rya  JTtiniA 

3igUm»  jjp.  Lin. 

1.  caudiiaffa  KwUh  743 
Jl^toM  Piencdrpa  Michx. 
FL  Bor.  Amer.,  fiej.  Yen. 
Pflana.  Cauc. ;  ILM«  otecirvM 
Btflix  Fl.  Taor.  Cane. ;  J.  frav- 
nsifafia  Lamood  MS.  N.  Du 
Ham.  i  Fr&KnMtfla»vdto  Uoit. 


I.  5a^ix  i.  -       .744 

TtM  WUlow — Harabj  Ha- 
bra* ;  Ilea,  Gr. ;  SaUxy  Latin ; 
Aml^,  Ft. ;  Weide  and  JV^ter, 
Gar. ;  SaUeiOt  Ital. ;  5k>ta<, 
Span.;  Widey  Swed.;  IF%«, 
Flam.;  WitlUg,  Anfl^Sax. ; 
irUfov,  maei^.  Soitoiir,  Otier, 
EngUah }  Samj^y  Scotch. 

Group  L  PuTf^rt^  Koch. 

Oilar wmows,  with  one  Stamen 
in  a  Flower. 

1.  purptbvaXr.       -746 

8.  pwrpftrea  Koch.  Comm. 
Farfetfef      .       -       -747 

8.  h^lix  Xr.     .        -  747 

TlM  Rote  WQIow.— S.  pur- 
pkrea  var.  Koch  Camm.»  ?  S. 
oppotltifdlia  Hoat  Sal.  Aaatr. 

3.  LambertJomi  Sm.  747 

The  Boyton  Wniow.  —  S. 
pmrpikrem  /SlLoch  Comm. 

4.  Woolgaru^  Bor.  747 

S.  momandra  Sal.  Wob.  No. 
4.,  S.  momSmdra  nor.  HolRn. 
Ulat.  SaL 

5.  Forbyona  Smith    748 
The  fine   Basket   Otier. — 

5.  fuut  Lin.  Soc.  Truu.,  not 
of  Hoff  (AmAA.)  ;  8.  ri^a  fi 
Koch  Comm. 

6.  rikbstk  Hudt.       -  746 

8.  Miedrte  Walker's  Baiays. 

Gnrap  iL   JieutifiUm  Bor. 
(%».  Fndndsae  £oc*.) 

Wfllow>  with  dark  Bark»  co- 
vered with  a  fine  Bloom. 

7.  acatifblia  Wm.  -  748 

8.  vMldoM  Andr.  Bot.  Rep., 
hot  not  of  Wnid.,  nor  the  S. 
ca*piea  Hort  (  FFOU.) 

8.  </aphndMe8  VUlart  749 
S._prtt*co*  Hoppe  in  Sturm 

D.  Fl.,  S.  bi^Swimii  HoAn. 
Germ.,  S.  chUrea  Hott  Sal. 
Austr. 


9.  pomeranica  Willd,  749 

8.  AapkmSidet  Villan,  var. 
wiih  narrtwtr  Uames,  amd  more 
slender  caiUtu,  Koch  Comm. 

Group,  iii  Tri6Mebrm  Bor. 
(%».  ><m7gd&lin«  JCoc*.) 

10.  undulata  ITocA     749 

S.  UmeeoUita  Smith. 

8  unduUta  Forbes    751 

3  lanceoUto  iSn.       7^1 

4  Tar.  having  catkins 
androgynous      -  751 

1 1.  AippophaefoliaT.  751 

12.  tnfrncka  L.       -  751 
S.  aw^sg^d^no,  pari  ^,  Kooh 

Comm. 

5  gilllca        -         -  752 

3  Hoppe^na  -  -  752 
S.  wadr6gyna  Hoppe. 

4  S.  triiuidra  unduUta 
Mertens,  ined.  —  Ap- 
proaches to  S.  amj/ff' 

13.  Hoffmaanidna  S.752 
S.  triindra  Hoff.,  and  ?ar 

German  botanists  in  general. 

14.  amygd&iina  L,     752 
8.  awfgdtfffwfl,  h^partt  Koch 

Comm. 

15.  ViUar8iaRaFlUe.752 

S.  triandra  Vlllars  Delph., 
S.  aa^gdiUna  var,  Koch  Com. 

Group  IT.  Pent&ndrtB  Bor. 

Trees  having  Flowers  with 
8--5  Stamens. 

16.  pentandra  Z.    -  754 

S.  peuiindra,  pari  of^  Koch 
Comm. :  the  Sweet  WiUMO,  ike 
Baif4ea9ed  WiUow. 

%  hermaphroditica    754 

17.  MeyerionaWiUd.  754 

S.  euipid&ta  Scbults,  S.  Hoc- 
Ibria  Smith,  S.  pentandra  8 
Linn.,  8.  heztmdra  Ehrh.,  S. 
EhrMarmaa^SmUh,  S,tetrandra 
Willd. 

18.  liicida  MuMetA.  754 

8.  ForAeiii  Swt.  Bort.  Brit, 
ed.1830. 

Group.  ▼.  FrSigUM  Borrer. 

Trees  with  their  Twigs  brittle 
at  the  Joints. 

19.  babyMnica        -  757 
Th»  Weeplog  Willow.  ^  S. 

rpindetu  Bering.  Sal.  Hal., 
oriaUdUit  |«.,  Tourn. ;  S. 
arMieay  %e.,  C.  Bauh. :  SamU 
pUmremrt  FaravU  dm  grand 
Seigneur,  Fr. ;  Trauer  Weide, 
Tktranen  Weide,  Ger. 

1  vulgjiris  ftam.  H.  758 

2  Napoleona  Hort  758 

3  crispa  Hart,  -  758 
S.  MMwIilritForb.  to  8.W. 
The  ring-ieaved  WHtow. 


20.  decipieaa  Hofm.  758 
The  white  Welsh,  or  var- 
nished. Willow — 8.  anurina 
Walk.  Essays  on  Nat.  Hist., 
S./ragUett  part  qA  Koch  Com. 

21.  montana  i^or6tf«  759 

22.  fHigilis  Xr.  -  •  759 
The  Crack  Willow.  —  S.  M- 

giiiat  in  pari,  Koch  Comm. 

23.  moospeli^sis  F.  760 

24.  Rusaeilii^fui  Sm.  760 
The  Duke  of  Bedford's  WU- 

low. -.?S.  JrdgUie  Woodv.x 
tke  DieUqf.,  or  Leiee$ter$Mire, 
Willow }  in  some  counties,  tke 
Huntingdon  WOtow:  8.  p^n- 
dula  Ser .,  8.  virMr>  Files,  S. 
riAem  Schrank. 

25.  Purahidna  Bor.  761 

Group  Ti.    A^lba  Borrer. 

Trees  of  the  largest  Sise,  with 
the  Foliage  whitUh. 

26.  41ba/^.    -       -  761 

S.  diba^paridf,  Koch  Com.; 
tke  HuwIungdMt  or  Swatlow- 
tailed,  WiOom. 

2  caeriklea     -        -  761 
S.  iSba  var.  Smith,  Fl.  B. 
8.  aeriUea  Smith  Eng.B. 
Tke  upland,  or  red-tinged, 

WUlow,  Pontey 
The     Leic^ter     Willow, 

Davy's  Agric.  Chem. 
Blue  Willow,  Smith. 

3  crispa  ifort.         -  761 

4  r^SBBL  iMULCat,     761 

27.  vitelllna  L.      -  763 

The  Golden  Osier.—  8.  6iba 
Koch  Comm. 

Group  vii*  Niffreg. 

Bxtra-EuropeanKinds  allied  to 
the  Kinds  of  one.or  all  of  the 
the  three  preceding  Groups. 

28.  nigra  MiUU.      -  768 

The  &rk.branched  American 
Willow.— S.caniA'fifaiMMx.  Fl. 
Bor,  Amer.,  8.  pent&ndra 
Walt.  FL  Car.,  S.  vulgdrU 
CUyt  FL  Vlrg. 

29.  Humboldttdna  -  764 

30.  Bonplandi^na      764 

Group  viii.   VrinSidu  B. 

ShndM,  mostlT  Natives  of  N. 
Aroei^lca,  ana  used  In  Basket- 
making. 

31.  rigida  Muhl    -  764 

32.  prinbides  Pursh  764 

33.  discolor  ilfuA/.    764 

34.  angU8tataPtir<A   764 

35.  coof6rmisFor5ef  764 

Group  iz.  GrUeai  Borrer. 

Chieiy  Shrubs,  Natives  of  N. 
America. 

36.  vir^ens  Forbce     765 
I      S.  Yuppopha^ia  Lodd. 


xliv 


CONTENTS. 


37.  reflexa  Forbe»     765 

38.  virgfita  Forbes      765 

39.  Lyontt  ?  Schl.      765 

40.  Uoustoniafia  P.  765 
8.  iri9Ut  Lodd.  Cat.  18S6. 

41.&ldLtaPt(rM    -  765 

42.  grf  sea  WiUd.     -  765 

43.  petiolaris  Srmih  765 
8.  MrheaVnm.  mat.  fimb- 

^abrata  Koch  Comm. 

44.  pennsylv&nica  J^.766 

45.  Miihlenbergtofia  766 

46.  trfstis  Ait.         -  766 

47.  cordatailfttA/^n&.766 

Gr.  X.  RotmaritU/dUm  Bor. 
Low   Shrubs,    with  narrow- 


46.  rosmarinifolia  L.766 

Sal,  Totmariiti/iUa,  partitft 
Koch  Conun. 

49.  angustifolia  Borr,lQ6 

8.  arSuBCula  Sm.  Fl.  Br.,  S. 
To$marinifblia  AKoch  Comm. 

50.  dec6inbensjPor^«766 

51.  fuscata  Purth  -  766 

Group  xi.   Fiucm  Borrer. 
Hoitly  procombent  Shrabs. 

52.  flisca  L,  -  767 
8.  ripm»  Hook.  Fl.  Scot. ;  S. 

repent    Koch,    part  qf,   Koch 
Comm. 

1  vulgaris  -  -  767 
8.  /.  Mr. «  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.  iV«ea  Sm.  Bog.  Bot., 

Forbos  in  Sal.  Wob. 
S.  repent  Koch,^  Koch 
Comm. 

2  repens       -        -  767 
8./.  var,  fi  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.  ripens  Lin.  Spec  FL, 

Forbes  in  SaL  Wob. 
S  prostrita  -  767 

S./.  var,  >>  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
8.   prottrdta    Sm.    Eng. 

Bot..  Forbes  in  S.Wob 

4  foB'uda  -  -  767 
8./.  var.  9  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
S.Ja'Uda  Sm.  Eng.  FL 

5  incubacea  -  767 
8.  /.  6  Hook.  Br.  Fl 

a  Hteubdcea  Un.  Sp.  PI. 
Forbes  In  Sal.  Wob. 
6arg6ntea     -         -  767 
8.  /.  6  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 
8.  argintea  Sm.  Eng.Bot. 
Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob. 

53.  Dontana  Smith    768 
ne  mttv-iranched  WiUow. 

Group  xiL  AfMgiM  Bor. 
Shrubs. 

54.  ambigua  Ekrh.    768 
8.  amitigua  Koch,  part  of, 

Koch  Com. 

1  vulgaris    -         -  768 
8.  a.  «  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot. 
Suppl. 


S  mi^or        -         -  768 
8.  a,  fi  m4fo^  Borrer  in 

Bug.  Bot.    Suppl. 
?  S.  amMpia  fi  Hook. 
S.  perwffbba  Sering. 
Samlet  de  la  Smste. 
S  spathulite  -  768 

8.  a.  ytpatknUUa  Borrer 

in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl. 
8.  ambtgua  y   Hook.  Br. 

Fl. 
8.  spaaaiMAiWiUd.Sp.Fl. 

4  undulAta  -  769 

8.  a.  8  undmldtm  Borr.  in 

Eng.Bot 
8.  ^MtkmUUa  Willd.  Mr. 

SMMfKldto  Mortens. 

55.  finm&rchica  IV,  769 

56.  versicolor  F.  -  769 

57.  alatemoides  F.  769 

58.  protcisfolia  Sch.  769 
Erroneously  referred  to  8. 

amUgua  in  Hook.  Brit.  Flor. 
ed.  a.  (Borrer  MSS.) 

Gr.  xiiu     Retietddta  Bor. 

Leaves  retkmlated  and  coria- 
ceous. 

59.  reticulata  L,    -  769 

Group  xiv.   Glauea  Bor. 

Small,  upright,  with  soft  silky 
Leaves. 

60.  elsMLgnoidea  Sch.  770 

61.  glaucaXr.         -  770 
S.   appendieuldia   Fl.  Dan.» 

WUld.  Sp.  PL 

62.  sericea  Villars     770 
S.  glaiica  Koch  Comm. 

63.  Lapponum  L,     770 
8.  arenitria  Fl.  Dan. 

64.  obtii8if51ia»^t//i.77l 

65.  areDaria  L.      -  771 

66.  oboyata  Pursh     771 

67.  can^ceDS  Wil/d,  771 

68.  Stuartisna  Sm.   771 

69.  Dvren^ica  Gou.   771 

70.  Wald8teintfl»MiW.771 

Gr.  XT.    FimtW/es  Bor. 


ly 

Trees  or  large  Shrubs,  witn 
pliant    Branches,  used 


long  pi 
for3asl 


Willows  and  Osiers.  —  Mostl 

or  large  Shi 

tllant    Branc 

iket-maUng. 

71.  subalpbai^.    -  771 

72.  c&ndida  WUld.    771 

73.  inckoa  Schr.    -  771 
8.  HpdHa  WiUd.  Sp.  PL,  & 

lavanautt^ia  Lapeyr.  Abi,  8. 
angutitfbSd  Polr.  in  Du  Ham. 
Aro.,  8.  ro»marit»ifJUia  Gouan 
Hort,  8.  vkninittt  VilL  Delph. 

74.  linens  Forbes    772 
?  8.  KMcdiM  Mr.  Unedrit  Bor- 
rer in  a  Letter. 

75.  viminalis  L.     -  772 
The  common  Osier.—  S.  km- 

gifbUa  Lam.  Fl.  Vr. 


76.  Btipulkris  SntUh  772 
The  aurlcled-leaved  Osier. 

77.  SmithtflfuiWind.  772 

78.  moUissima  £Ar.  772 

79.  holoserfcea  Hk.  772 

80.  MicheUonaForb.  772 

81.  femi^nea  And.  773 

82.  acuminata  Sm.  773 
The  large-leaved  Sallow.  — 

8.  lanceolMa  Seringe. 

Group  xvL   Cindre4B  Bor. 

Sallows.  —  Trees  and  Shrubs, 
with  roundish  shaggy  Leaves, 
and  thick  Catkins. 

83.  p4mda  Forbes  773 
44.  WUldenoWana    773 

85.  Ponteder^na  W.  773 
8.  pimila  a^iina  f^rieant, 

foUo  aleagfno  terrato  Pouted. 
Camp. :  S.  Pontedhm  BeUardi 
App.  ad  Fl.  Fed. 

86.  macrostipul^cea  773 

87.  incandscens  ¥Sc.  773 

88.  psxindsR  Forbes  773 

89.  mut&biWa  Forbes  776 

90.  cin^ea  L.  -  776 
The  grey  Sallow.— S.  dnerea 

var.  Koch  Comm. 

91.  aquatica  Smith    776 

92.  oleifblia  SmUh  •  776 

93.  geminataFor6.  -  776 

94.  crlspa  Forbes  -  776 

95.  aurita  L.  -  776 

96.  latifolia  Forbes    776 

97.  caprea  jL.    -    -  776 

Tike  great  routtd-leaved  Sal' 
low,  common  Slack  Sallote, 
Saygk  In  Yorkshire,  Grejf 
Witkp. 

98.  sphacelata  Sm.    777 

Gr.  XV  ii.   Nigric&ntet  B. 

Shrubs  with  long  Branches,  or 
small  Trees.  Mostly  Sallows. 

99.  austrMis  Forbes  778 

100.  vaud^nsis  For.  778 

101.  grisophJUa  F.  778 

102.  lacustris  FoH>,  778 
lOa  crassifdlia  Frb.  778 

104.  <x>tinif6na  Sm.  778 

The  Quince-IeaTod  Sallow. 
—  8.  tpadicea  VUlars  Dauph., 
S.  ^hffUeifbUavar.  Koch  Comm. 

105.  hfrta  SnuA  -  778 
8.  pfcfa  Schleicher  is  the  fem. 

of  8.  Aires  (Forbes  in  SaL  Wob.) 

106.  rivularis  Forb.  778 

107.  atropurpikrea     778 

108.  coriacea  Forb.  778 

109.  nigricans  SmUh  778 
S.^&ifbliafiUix.Sp  Fl. 

110.  kTiAevBouiam  779 
Tho  Green  Mountain  Sallow. 


CONTENTS. 


xlT 


_9.  fk^UeffVUt  Mr. 
Cofmn. 

UK  daxnasc^a  F.   779 

S.  daffuueem^Ua  Andenoo's 
MSS.,  S.  ^k^ieifblia  Un. 

112.  AnsonuhiaP,    779 

1 13.  helT^tica  Forb,  779 

114.  finna  Forbes     779 

115.  carpinif5tia&:A.779 

116.  rotundata  Frb.  779 

117.  dura  For*«      779 

118.  ForstenaiiaSiii.779 

ptofKynnfl    vor.     Iwocii 


119.  rop^strisDoim  781 

120.  tenuifblia /^.  781 
S.  tffMJodkf  Wahlenix,  twr. 

Koch  Comin..  S.  temmtftUa  of 
Eng.  Bot.  b  S.  ticoior  Hook. 
Brit.  FL 

121.  propkiquaPor.  781 

Tie      MUeoMd      uprig^ 
MotaOaim  WOow, 

122.  petne'a  Ander.  781 

123.  AiDinaniiiana     782 

124.  atrovirensJFV*.  782 

125.  str^pida  Forb,   782 

126.  aordida  Forbes  782 

127.  Schleicheruraa  782 

128.  grisonensis  F.  782 

Gr.  xTiii.    BuxibreM  Bor. 

Biutay  Btarubt,  with '  Leaves 
men  above  and  glaaeons 
beneath. 

129.  teaidoT  Borrer  782 

130.  \2LjjA6f9i  Borrer  782 

131.  ikiirina  SmOh  783 
The  thiains  dark-green  Wil- 
low.—S.  hUour  Sm.  Eng.  Bot., 
S.  aHf6aeula  Wahleob.,  war. 
Koch  Connn. 

132.  pktens  Forbes   783 

133.  radicans  Snulh  783 
8.  |i*flfe<fUia  Lin.  FL  Lapp. 

134.  BorrenafiaSm.783 
Tke  4ark  vprighi  Wmom, 

135.  DaTalliofia  Sin.  783 

136.  t^trapla  Simih   783 

137.  ramifusca/br6.783 

138.  Forbestona  -    783 

139.  Weigeliona  Bor.  783 

8.  irM{r<ntAna  amitk  Eng.  FL 

140.  nitens  Anders,    784 

141.  Cro  weona  Smith784 

8.  arMUeula  Wahlenb.,  nor. 
Koch  Comm.;  8.  kkmOU  SchL 
is  cited  in  Sal.Wob.  ai  the  fern. 
of  S.  CrvweiDA  SmOk  t  ?S.Ar- 
teropk^Ua  Hon. 

142.  bfcolor  Ehrh.    784 

8.  UmmifdUa  8niith  Eng.  Bot. 
w  to  the  ilgaro  8  ^  ~  ^~'~ 
Forb. 


143.  ohiUyreifdlia  B.  784 

144.  Dick80ii«miiSm.785 

Gr.  xiz.  Vaectim/3K0Bor. 

Small  and  generallj  procum- 
bent Shroba. 

145.  vacciniifolia  W.  785 

8.  prwiifWM,  part  qf,  Koch 
Comm. 

146.  carin&ta  AikC&    785 
147./>runif61iaiSr}ni^  785 

148.  yenulosa  Smiih  785 

149.  cs'sia  Ft^Zorx      785 
8.  mgrHUSida  W111d.8p.  Pi., 

^.prokrdia  Ehrh.  Fl.  Select. 

Gr.  zx.    ikfyf<aZoi<fes  B. 

Small  Bilberry-tike  ihruba,  not 
natlvet  of  Britain. 

150.  myrtilloides  L,  786 

TheBilberry-leaTedWlllow.— 
8.^g«u  BenerEn.  Vol. 

151.  pedicell^ris  Ph,  786 

152.  planif6lia  Ph.    786 

Gr.  xxL  Myrftii2<M  Borrer. 
Small  boshy  Shrub*. 

153.  Afyrsinkes  i.  787 

8.  MyrfMtPt  B  Smith  Eng. 
II.;  8.  •rbmt^olM  WUld.  Sp. 
PI.,  probably  S.  IfacnoMikna 
MacgtOhrag  in  Jawteam'iSdim. 
PkiLJonm. 

154.  6etulif51ia  For6.787 

1 55.  proc6mben8  JFbr.787 
8.  £e*vA  Hook.  Br.  Fl..  8. 

re^ta  Wither.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  4. 

156.  retiiaa  L,        -  787 

8.  aerp^a&Uba  Jacq.  Austr. 

157.Kitaibelifl»MiW.787 

158.  ITva-firai  PmtM  787 

159.  MrpyilifdHaiSbo.787 

8.  mftM  Koch,  y  Koch 
Comm. 

160.  cordif5liaP«rM  788 

Gr.  xxit  JTerhheetB  Borr. 

Very  lowShrabt,  tcaroely  rUlng 
an  inch  aliore  tlie ground. 

161.  herbicea  i.    -  788 
162.poUbri8  Wahletd>.7BS 

Gr.  xxiu.  Hastdta  Borr. 

Low  Shrubs,  with  terr  broad 
leaves,  and  exceedingly  sliag- 
gy  and  sllkj  catkins. 

163.  hastkta  Z.      •  788 
2  MrrulfLta  -  789 

8.  ka$id^  Wflld.  Sp.  PI. 
S  maiifolia  -  789 

miU(fdlia  Sm.  Eng.  Bot. 
4  arbijscula  -  789 

8.  arMbenIa  Wahl.  Fl. 

8.  orbtaemin  fi  L.  Fl.  So. 

8.  arb6$Gula  y  Lin.Sp.Pl. 


164.  lan^ta  L,       -  789 

Gr.  xxiv.  WsedHn^m  A. 

Kinds  of  Silix  described  in  So/. 
Wob.^  and  not  included  in  any 
of  the  preceding  Groups. 

165.  Bgvptiaca  L,    789 

166.  alplnaPWrAffj    789 
167.6ei^mfd]iaPa//.790 

168.  tetraip^rma  R.  790 

169.  idmifdlia  Forbes  790 

1 70.  villosa  Forbes    790 

Gr.  XXT.  Mi»cdUlM€tB  B. 

Kinds  of  SUlx  Introduced, 
and  of  many  of  which  there 
are  Plants  at  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges',but  which  we  liave  not 
been  able  to  refer  to  any  of 
the  preceding  Groups     -  79Q 

Appendix. 

Kinds  of  5kllx  described  or 
recorded  In  Botanical  Works, 
but  not  introduced  into  Bri- 
tain,  or  not  known  by  theso 
names  in  British  Gardens  790 

II.  Po'puLUs  Toum,  819 

The  Poplar. — Pmplifr,  Fr. ; 
Pappel,  Oer.i  Pkmpo,  lUl.  ; 
Popiier^  Dutch ;  Alkmot  Span. 

1.  &lba  L.     -        -  819 

The  Abele  Tree.—P.  SOa  ta* 
tifbUa  Lob.  Ic.MP.  mi^or  Mill. 
Diet.,  P.  iifera  Willd.  Arb.,  P. 
6tba  nhtea  Mart.  MUl. }  LrvM, 
Dioscorides:  tke  great  wkite 
Poplar^  great  Aspen,  Dmtek 
Beech  .'Penplier  bkmc,  Yprtam, 
Bkme  4e  HoUandty  Franc  Pi* 
card,  Fr.;  AubOy  or  Aombero,  in 
some  provinces  ;  weisu  Pap* 
pely  Saber  Pappel,  weiue  Atpe, 
Wei$$alber  bamn,  Ger.;  Abeti- 
boom.  Dutch. 

Shfbrida^iefr.      -   890 

P.  rfOaBiebiLc. 
?  P.  hUermidaa  Mortens. 
P.  a.  crassifbUa  Mortens. 
P.grfsAiLodd.  GaL 

3  aoerifdlia     -      -  890 
P.  woeripaia  Lodd.  Cat 
P.  qnereifbUa  Hort. 

P.  pabnata  Hort. 

P.  arembirwica,  Lod.Cat. 

P.  bitftca  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  dbidicans     -      -  820 
P.  c&ndicane  Lodd.  Cat. 
P.  nAvea  Lodd.  Cat. 

P.  Utmcf^iaa  of  the  Ha- 
wick Nursery. 

Tbekoarp  Pojotar  of  the 
Edinburgh  Nurseries. 

5  cgjptiaca  HorU     890 
P.  a.  pAXUdn  Hort. 
Egyptian  wM/e  Poplar. 

6  {MTndula  -  8SO 
P.  «.  var.jgrSicaie  rdmit 

pendtntibiu  Mortens. 

2.(a.)  canescens  Sm,  820 

The  common  white  Poplar.— 

p.  6lba  Mill.Dict.,P.  dibo/bMM 

nUndrOme  BaU  Syn.,  P.  Atba 

jiUo  minbre  Bauh.  Hist. :  Peu^ 

pUer  griioilU^Tr. 


xlvi 


CONTENTS. 


3.  tremula  Ir.  -      -  821 

The  Aspen.  —P.  Rbyca  Rail 
Syn.,  P.  kSbrida  Dod.  Pempt., 
P.  ftigra  Trag.  HIit.,  P.  p6K- 
(talsDuRol:  Atpe^  leTremMe^ 
Fr.  \  la  Tremolat  AtberaUa^Al' 
beretto,  lul. }  ZiUer-Pappcl^ 
Ktptt  Oer. 

Sp^ndula     -         -  822 
P.  pfnOula  Lodd.  Cat. 
P.  MpiiM  Lodd.  Cat 
3  lamg^ta    -         -  822 
P.  Itnigita  AitHort.Rew. 

4.  (t.)  trepida  fVUld.  822 

The  American  Acpen.  —  P. 
iremuloides  HIchx.  N.  Amcrt 
SyW.,  N.  Du  Ham. 

5.  (t.}  grandi(lent^823 

The  K .  American  largeAipen . 
2  p^ndula  Michx,  -  823 

6.  grae'ca  Jit,  -     -  823 

The  Athenian  Poplar. 

7.  nigra  L.       -      -  824 
The  common  Uack  Poplar. — 

P.  6lba  Trag.  Hist.,  P.  viminea 
Du  Ham.  Arb.,  P.  viUtMrnit 
Hort.,  P.  poUniea  Hort. :  At- 
geiros,  Greek ;  Kabakf.  Modem 
Greek:  the oU EngUth Poptatt 
Suffolk  :  ike  Wittow  Poplar, 
Cambridgeshire ;  Water  Pop- 
lar  i  the  fem.  of  P.  nigra  is 
called  the  Cotton  Tree  at  Bury 
St.  Edmunds :  PetgpUer  noir, 
Peuplier  Hard,  Otier  BtamCtFr,, 
edtwarxe  Pappel^  Ger. 

2  Tiridis  UndL      -  824 
P.  viridU  Lodd.  Cat. 

8.  (?  n.)  canadensis  824 

P.  UBvUiUa  WiUd.  Sp.  PL, 
Punh,  Spreng.,  but  not  of 
Hort.  Kew.;  P.  momti^a  Hort 
Par. :  Cotton-woo4%  Michz. : 
Pemplier  de  Camada,  Fr. 

9.  (?  n.)  detulifolia  -  825 

p.  nkera  Hlchx.  FI.  Bor. 
Am. ;  r.kud»6nica  Mich.  Arb., 
N.  Amer.  SyL  ;  P.  kudeom'dna 
Rose  ft  Lodd.:  Anierietm  black 
Poplar,  Amer. :  Pemptierde  la 
Bale  d'Hwbou,  Fr. 

10.  (?n.)inoniHfen  825 

The  black  Italian  Poplar.  — 
P.  virginidna  Lin.  Ac,  P. 
gkmd$Udsa  Momch  Meth.,  P. 
caroUntntts  Momch  Weissenst., 
P.  nigra  itdUea  Lodd.  Cat.  1886, 
P.Mil^a  ameriedna  Ibid.,  P. 
adadhca  Lindl.  inEncyc.  of  PI., 
?  P.  marpl&ndica  Bosct  Fir- 
gMan  Poplar,  Suriee  Pumtar, 
Canadian  or  Berry-bearingPop- 
Mar,  Mill. :  PeupUer  Snttee^  Peu» 
pUer  tripkOon,  Pemplier  de 
yirgbtie,  I>ttmoDt. 

2  Lindley^na  Booth  826 
lite  new  waved-leaped  Pop- 
lar, Hort. 

3  iolilfi  variegitis  >  826 
ll.fastigika2><r{/:  -  827 

The  Lombardy  Poplar.— P. 
dilatdia  AH.  Hort.  Kew.,  P. 
nigra  OSUoa  Du  Ro(  Harbk., 
P.  ildUca  Mcmch  Welssenst., 
P.  llSUea  dOatdta  Wiild.,  P. 
p^amidikta  Hort.,  P.  pamUi' 
n/ca  Jacq.,  P.  italiea  var.  ea- 


ra2AilFfwA>- Burgsdorf:  C§preu 
Poplar,  TwrinPoplart  Po Pop- 
lar:  PenpUer d" Itatie,  PemUer 
puramidM,  Fr. ;  Lombanuscke 
Pappel,  Italianieeke  Papoel, 
Ger.  i  Pioppo  Cypreteo,  Itiu. 

12.  angulkta  Ait,    -  828 
The   Carolina  Poplar. —  P. 

angnlbta  Michx.  FI.Bor.  Amer., 
T.keteropkfOa  Du  Roi  Harbk., 
P.  maeropkOla  Lodd.  Cot.  1886, 
P.  baliam^era  Mill.  Diet :  Mis- 
tiesippi  Cotton  Tree,  Amer. 

2  nova  Audib,  -     -  828 
S  Mediisa  Booth  -  828 

13.  heterophylla  L.  829 

p.  m6gnajbiat  SmpUi,  &c. , 
Gron.  Virg.,  r.cord(fbUa  Burgs- 
dorf,  Lod.  Cat.l836 ;  P.  ari^ntea 
MIchx.  N.  Amer.  SyL :  Cotton 
Tree,  Midix.  N.  Amer.  Syi. 

14.  balsamffera  L,  -  830 
The  Tacamahac  Tree.  ~  P. 

Tacamahic  MiU,  Diet.:  the 
Taeamakac,  Amer.  ;  le  Bern- 
mier,  Fr.  \  PewpUer  Hard,  and 
also  Tacamakae,  In  Canada; 
Baliom  Papnei,  Oer. 

2  yiminalis  -        -  830 

P.  vHnindllt  Lodd.  Cat. 

P.  uMe^bUa  Hort. 

P.  kmgV^Ua  Fischer,  PaU. 
S  latifolia  Hort,    -  830 

4  intermedia  Hort,  830 

5  suavdolens  -  830 
P.  stMv^o/inwFlscher,  Lod. 

6  foUis  variegitis  -  830 

15.  cdndicans  AU.  -  831 
The  Ontario    Poplar.  —  P. 

maerapkfilla  Ltndl.  In  Bncyc. 
of  PI.,  P.  /o^iaAfomchMeib., 
P.  ontaHtnsis  DesC  Hort  Par., 
P.  eorddta  Lodd.  Cat  1886,  P. 
canadhuis  Mcencfa  Welssenst., 
but  not  of  Michx.,  which  is  P. 
IsBTigkta  WiUd.:  Balm  <tf  Gi- 
If  ad  Tree,  Boston,  N.  Amer. ; 
Penpiter Uard,  Canada;  Pewt- 
pUer  d  PeutUet  vemi$$te$,  Fr. 

'BettUdcea. 

I.  i^^LNUS  Toum,   -  832 
Th«  Alder,— B^lMi^  $pec^ 
Lin. :  Avne,  Fr. ;  Erie,  Ger.j 
Ontano,  Itsl. ;  Atito,  Span. 

1.  glutinosa  Gartn,  832 
fStulus  Aflnme  Lin.,  B.  emar- 
gindta  Ehrh.  Arbi :  A'teiM  Rail 
Syn. :  Aime,  Fr. ;  gefneine  Else, 
or  Eleer,  or  sekwarit  Erie,  Ger.; 
Eltenboom,  Dutch;  Alno,  or 
Ontano,  Ital. ;  Alieo^  or  Alatm 
nigra.  Spaa.  

2  emargimLta  WHkL  832 

3  laciniAta  Ait.      -  832 
A.  g.  iftcUa  Hort. 

4  ^uerciiolia  WiM,  832 

5  ozyacanthaefldlia  -  832 
A.  oaifocaittkatfblia  "Lodd. 

6  macrocirpa        •  833 
A.  ntaeroc&rpa  Lod.  Cat. 

7  ^liis  varieg&tis  H  833 

Other  Varietiee     . 


2.  oblongata  WiUd.  -  834 


A.Jbl.  I 
Diet. :  I 

2folii8eUipticisl/tfsY.  834 

A.  pitnOa  Lodd.  Cat. 

3.  iDC^na  WiUd.      -  834 

B.  A'/mts  war.   incdna  Lin. 

Sp.  PL.  B.  incdna  Lin.  Suppl., 

B.  9ir£ue  Vm.  Dauph. :  w!rU$e 

Erle,grame  Else,  or  weiaeeEUer, 

Ger 

2'lac!niiUa  Lod,  C,    834 

3  gladca  -  -  834 
A,gla6oa  Mx.  N.  Amer.  S. 
B.J$udna  var,  gtoAca  Ait. 
Black  Alder,  Amer. 

4  angulAta  Ait,      -  834 

Other  Varieties      -       -  834 

4.  serrulata  WUUL  -  835 

B^/Hto  sermldta  Ait  Hort. 
Kew.,  B.  rtigbsa  Ehrh.  Beitr., 
?  A.  americSna  Lod.  Cat  1836, 
?A.  canaddnsis  Lodd.  Cat.1836.: 
common  Aider,  Amer.i  Hatet- 
leaved  Alder. 

5.  undulata  WiUd.  -  835 
Bfttda  crispa    Ait     Hort. 

Kew.,  B.  k'huts  var.  crispa 
Mx.  FI.  Bor.  Amer. ;  A.  crispa 
Pursh  FI.  Amer.  Sept.,  N.  Du 
Ham. 

6.  cordifolia  Lodd.  -  835 
A.  eorddta    Tenore    Prod., 

Hayne  Dend. 

7.  vfiidis  Dec.  -     -  836 

A.  ovdta  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  A. 
flmtiebsa  Schmidt,  Btiula  oodta 
Sohrank  Sal.,  B.  A'too-B^fwte 
Ehrh.  Beytr.,  B.  viridia  Hort 

Other  Species  <tf  A'lntts.  —  A. 
barbita  Meper.  {A.obinst- 
Jblia  Royle),  A.  subcordAta 
Meyer,  ^4.  jorrullfosls,  A. 
acuminkta  H.  A  B.,  A,  cm- 
taneifdUa  ifir^.      -       -837 

II.  Bvfvm.A  Toum.  837 

The  Birch.  —  Bouleau,  Fr. ; 
Betula,  Ital.;  Abedut,  Span.; 
BetUlta,  Port ;  Birke,  Ger.; 
Berk,  Dutch ;  Birk,  Danish 
and  Scotch  ;  Biork,  or  Bork, 
Swedish ;  Beresa,  Russian ; 
Brxoxa,  Polish. 

Leaves  smatt,    NaHvea  dd^ 
f^  Europe. 

1.  &lba  If.       -  -  838 

B.  pmbtscens  Ehrh.  Arbi,  B^- 
itUa  Rail  Syn.,  B.  itininsis 
Rafln. :  Bomleau  eommunt  Fr. ; 
gemeine  Birke,  Ger. ;  BedoUo, 
itaL 

2  p^ndula  Smith    -  838 

B.  ptndsda  Roth  G«rm. 
B.  verrucbsa  Ehrh.  Arb. 
B.  pfy»dulis9irg!ulis  Loes. 

3  puMScens    -^       -  838 
B.pub6soens  Ehrh.  Beitr. 

4p6ntica     -         -  838 
B.  p6nttca  Led.  Cat 

5  tcrticifolia  -         -  839 
B.  urttcifblia  I<od.  Cat 

6  daledurlicaX.  Svp,  839 

7  macrocdrpa  ffiUd.  839 


B  ISlia  nri^tis 
OrAtry-mtia 

2.  (?a.)  ilaiirica  Pall.  B40 

Btla.:  Bamlram  gA^tit,  Fr*°^' 
S  {arrirolia  Bayiu  B40 

3.  (F  bO  fru  ticosa  Full.  S40 

4.(?a)ptoili)  £.   -  640 
6.  nina  I,.      -        -  840 

VM.(iMi.,B.  galttlTUptmOa. 

4e.cui.Ati.s>;<ic: 

S  uricU  Ledd.  Cat.  811 
6.(?ii.)gl<uidulAMJl/:  641 

Ltatalarte.   NoHraqfKMt 


CONTENTS. 


L  Rdbur.  Briiiih  OalU. 


lUfdlia  jftf.  -  841 


3  pfndulm     -         .  811 
B.p/x^MlaLoid.  CM. 

8.j)apyrBce«  Ait.     -  848 

_  B.  faiy/iYtraUlcbx.  Fl.Bor. 


pinrWrrdUklii. 
T^  B.  lamcnivia  i 

J   LodJ.  Cat..  B 


3  fiiKm  .  .  MS 

3  iriehdcU^i  ^srt  S48 

4  pUljph^Ua  flbrt.  849 
B.  nigra  L.     -        -  643 

B.  rmiram  Hlchx.  n.  Bor. 
B.  aru^  Lodd.  Cu.  DOfl'! 
Cmoi/^.    """  " 

10.  exc&sa  11.  Kcvj.  843 

ll.l^nta  £,     -      .  B44 

B.  a^rd  Du  Hal  Hirti',  urnic't 
bMh  tbna  nnti.  ud  iOk  thmi 
or  B.  (tea  In  I.o>l<l.  CoUnXlim  ^ 
««*  flfrOl,  Mer™  Sfrel.  C^ 
M<a  Krol.  AwH  .K^  tf«m- 
tai»  tta^tmv.   Ainer.  ;  Bau- 

yirginia,  lu], 
Sp^UlifaHlila  mA^rlintro- 

*li£amliiiuBS(.,J.nntdfc 
A  cjUndriMkcbTi         -  Ml 

CoryJacete,  or  Cupu- 

llfera. 
I.  QoB'mcua  L.    -  84« 

Tk*  OA_rjMT«ini.,  8Mrr 


»(  K'npijv  Alt. 
Q.  uUCtfUa  UoK. 


6  filiii  lariegitU  -  B5I 

7  puipllm     .       .  851 
Q.  fmrrtna  Lodd.  Cu. 

nitrr  Varlaia  .    .  ail 

3.  semilifldra  db>A   -  8A1 

Uiw  W1IW.1  Q.  R.   w. 

Din.  Fl.  Run.ia.i«H>M 


I.  pyrenkics  WiUd.    853 
Thoe  Chlu..  Q.  Tim  Jtiijc, 


xlvii 

I  Q.  MsJnrfArra  LBnr..  Q.  111. 
conimt;  aUm.lmitm,  Ft.' 

4.  £'bcu[iu  £.        .  R53 

The    lUlUs    Oak.  — PUrw 
PkWb.  luaft  ArKDllKh, 

5.  (E.)  apenninaL.  B54 
Q.  ow'Dmrrdfa  PcrL :  C*^«e 

i  it  C^TTifc  Wouy-n^fMd; 

or  TWtey,  Ooli. 
a.  Cinia  L.     -      -  Bit 

nn.,  q.  HnOiUii-oi  iMu.  lii 

Hon.    Pu-.,    0.    imrmitduiai, 

K.,    Bauh.   PlD.  1    U.    Cltrfi 
.inll,     ac,     i^.     fc,    Bod. 


«ftM  CrrWi.  CW«  dtwte. 
CtAw  dc  Awsnc,  Fr. :  Bar- 
C»dw*c    ££l(.     Ctrr.ticAe, 


1  TuJg&ru      -         -  B55 
4.  Ctrrii  AxodSM  Via 

Q  crMte  ur.  I  Lua. 
Q.  TBtmunna  wuu. 

TourD.CM.  " 

SC^nir  OIIt.  Vot. 
HoJtaU^Vu  BOK. 

2  pjndufa  JVotf     .  856 

3  lacini^ta      -       ■  856 

4  ToriegAta  Lad.  G  856 


-   flSG 


a  Rigatl     - 
a  SigmalL. 


Ilu  Dmmtkirr  Sak,  lA 


xlviii 


CONTENTS. 


•••  FoUage  evergreen,  or 
very  nearly  $a.  Letnee 
varying  Jrvm  dentate  to 
tmaate,  Onpe  of  Ike 
AcomebritUy. 

13  L.  crispa  -  859 

Q.  L.  crispa  Hort. 
New  Lneombe  Oak. 

13  L.  suberdsa      -  859 
Q.  L.  tmberdia  Hort. 

14  L.  incisa  -  859 
Q.  L.  indea  Hort. 

15  L.  dentita       -  859 
Q.  L.  dentdta  Hort. 

16  heterophflla     -  859 
Q.  L,  hetenpkjfUa  Hort. 

7.  -^gilops  L,       -  860 
The  ValonU  Ode— Q.  or^n- 

ttUie^Bp.,  Toorn.  Cor.;  X'gilppi 
tine  Cimu  mas  C.  Bauhm, 
SeooDdat;  Veliknl  TowntVoy.f 
GIAns  Cirri  Dalech.  Hiit. :  the 
great  prickkf-cnpped  Oak  : 
ikine  VekuZ  Fr. ;  Chine  Ve- 
lanide  Bote;  Knonper  Eicke^ 
Oer.  ;  VaUonea,  Ital. 

2  p^nduk  Hort,    -  860 

3  Utifolia  Hort.     -  860 

B.  Natives  qfNortk  Ameriea, 

§  iii.  A'lbat.   WhUa  jinuH- 
ccM  Oaks. 

8.  alba  L,     -        -  862 

Q.  klba  vhrghtidna  Fark. 
Theat.  Bot,  Q.  a.  ptnnat{fida 
Walt.  Carol.,  Q.  J^^f^ 
Marsh :  CMSne  blane  de  VAmi- 
rique,  Fr.  ;  tpeisse  Eicket  Ger. 

1  plnnatifida  Mx.      862 
Q.  Alba  Ban.  Cat.  Stirp. 
Q.  HrgMina  Cateib.  Car. 
Q.  a.  paUMris  Marsh. 

2  rep^nda  Mxchx.      862 

9.  (a.)  olivaefdrmis    864 
The  mossy-capped  Oak^  Amer. 

10.  macrocirpa  W,   864? 
Tke  oser-enp  wkUe  Oak,  Bur 

Oak,    Amer. ;    Ckgne   i   gros 
Otans,  Ckene  Jrisi,  Fr. ;  gross- 
fmditige  Eicke,  Ger. 

11.  obtusUoba  Mr.  865 
The  Post  Oak.— Q.  steOdta 

Wind.  Sp.  PI. :  Iron  Oaky  Bos 
white  Oak,  American  Turkey 
Oak,  UpUmd  wkite  Oak,  Amer. 

12.  lyrata  WaU,     -  865 
The  Swamp  Post  Oak,  Water 

white  Oak,  Amer. 

§  iv.   Frinus,  Chestnui 
Oaks* 

13.  Prinus  L.        -  866 
The  Chestnut-leared  Oak. 

1  paliistris  Mx.     -  866 

Q.  P.  pal4stris  Mx. 

Q.  Prhms  Lin.  Sp.  Fl. 

Q.  castanet^bUis,  Ac,  Pk. 

The  Swamp  Chestttut  Oak, 

tke  Ckestnnt  wkite  Oak, 

Amer. ;  Me  wkite  Oah, 

near  Philadelphia. 

8  montlcola  Mx.  -  866 

Q.  P.  monKMla  Mich.  fll. 


Q.  fNOM^na  WlUd.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  Vrhuts  Smith  In  Abb. 
The  Rock  Ckestnut  Oak. 

3  acuminilta  Mx.  -  867 
Q.  P.  aemniniUrt  Mx.  flL 
Q.  Cattinea  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 
Theyeilow  Oak. 

4  piimila  Mx.        -  867 
Q.  P.  ChlnqiU4>tn  Ma. 
Q.  Chinquapin  Pursk  Fl. 
Q.  princes  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 
The  ChinqnMin,  or  Dwoif 

CkestmUOak. 

5  tomentosa  Mx.  -  868 
Q.  P.  discolor  Mx. 

Q.  bicolor  WUld.  Sp.  Pi. 
Q.  IfidbotixU  JtTiiM. 
TAtf  Swamp  white  Oak. 

§  ▼.  /Zd6r<e.   Red  Ameri-^ 
eon  Oaks. 

14.  riibra  L.   -      -  868 
The    Champion    Oak.  —  Q. 

B'feiitf    disiskra,  ftc.    Pluk. 

Phyt. 
Varieties,    H.  rObra  latifblia 
and  Q.  rj^bra  montina  are 
mentioned  by  Alton  tn  the 
9d  ed.  of  Hoft.  Kew. 

15.  cocdnea  WiUd.   869 
Q.  rMra^  Alt. 

16.  ambfgua  WUld,    870 

The  Grey  Oak.  —  Q.  boredlis 
Mlchx.  N.  Amer.  Syl. 

17.  fidckta  Michx.    870 

The  Spanish  Oak.  >-  Q.  dis- 
color Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  i.;  Q. 
ekmgdta  WUld.  Sp.  PI. ;  Q.  ly- 
rdta  Lodd.  Cat.  1836 ;  Q.  ch- 
MeaAi  Wang. ;  Q.  triloba  WUld., 
Michx.  Qoer. :  thedowt^^ased 
Oak. 

\S.^clbntLWm.'  871 

The  Quercitron.  —  Q.  vir- 
ginidna,_kc.,  Pluk.  Phyt. ;  Q. 
Stjcofor  Willd.  Arb. :  tke  black 
Oak,  Amer. ;  Ckine  des  Tein- 
tsariers,  Fr. 

1  anguldsa  Michx.    871 
Q.  americdna  Pluk.  Aim. 
Q.  a/tafifia  Lam.  Diet. 
Q.  tinetbria  Bart.  Trar. 

2  nnuosa  McAx.  -  872 

19.  paKistris^tAtf.-  872 

The  Pin  Oak.  —  Q.  montdna 
Lodd.  Cat.  1BS6,  Q  .SoMitltfH 
Lodd.  Cat  1836. 

20.  CatesbdfN  Willd.  673 

The  Barren  Scrub  Oak.  —  Q. 
rkbra  fi  Abb.  &  Smith  Ina,  Q. 
E'scali  divis^ra,  ^.,  Cat  Car. 

$  Ti.    Nigres.     Black 
American  Oaks* 

21.  nigra  L.  -        -  874 

The  Black  Jack  Oak.  —  Q. 
matrylAndica,  fc.  Rail ;  Q^Ar- 
nvraett  Michx.  M.  Amer.  Syl. ; 
Q.  aqndtica  Lodd.  Cat.  IflW : 
Barren  Oak,  Amer. 

22.  aqii4tica  Soland.  875 

Q.  jiliis  csmeifirmibm,  ^., 
Gron.  Virg.  \  Q.  /iVA»  non  ser- 
rdto,  tc  Cat.  Carol ;  Q.  «4rni 


Willd.    Sp.    PL,    Q.  MltfvMStf 
Wangh.  Amer. 

2  n4na  ...  875 
Q.  a^uAtica  Sm.  ft  Abb. 
Q.  a.  elongkta  Ait  H.  K. 
Q.  denidta  Bart.  TraT. 
Q.  suliM  WiUd.  Sp.  Pi. 
7%tf  lywasf  Jagged  Oak. 

3  maritima  Michx.    875 
Q.  hemisphafrica  Willd. 

0<A«r  Varieties      -       -  875 

23.  (a.)  tlicifolia  ^.  876 

The  Bear  Oak.  —  Q.  Hkmit- 
IfH  Miehg.,  ?  Q.  oosi^tfca  Abb. 
ft  Sm.  Ins. !  Black  Scrmb  Oak, 
Dwarf  red  Oak,  Amw. 

$vii.    PA^/Zm.     WUhw 
Oaks, 

24.  Ph^llos  L.        -  876 

Q.  virginidna,  ^^  Flol^* 
Aim. ;  Q.  rif«  marylindica 
Rail  Hist.  PI. 

1  sylviticus  J/icAx.  877 

2  latifdlius  Lodci.  C.  877 

3  hiimilis  Pursh    -  877 

4  seiiceus  •  -  877 
Q.  VhiUos  Sm.  ft  Abb.  Ins. 
Q.  P.  pftmflitf  Michx. 

Q.  hamilior  s&licis  /blio 

brev^re  Cat.  Car. 
Q.  ««ric«a  WUld.  Sp.  PI. 
Q.  pkmila  Mx.  N.  Am.  SyL 
T%e  Highland  WiUow  Oak. 
The  rmmning  Oak, 

5  cinereus    -         -  877 
Q.  P.  y.  Lh».  Sp.  PI.    _ 
Q.  P.  icinbreus  Alt.  H.  K. 
Q.  kkmiUs  Walt.  Carol. 
Q.cAs^AiWilld.  Sp.PL 
Tke  upland  WiUow  Oak. 

6  maritirous  Michx.  878 
Q.  mantima  Willd.  Sp.  PI. 

25.  (P.)/aurif6lia>r.878 
The  Laurel  Oak,  Swamp  WO- 

low  Oak. 

2  h^brida  Mx.  Qwer.  878 
Q.  L  2.  oUusdta  Alt  H.  K. 

26.  imbricata  WiUd.  879 

Q.  latifiUa  Hort:  Lamrei 
Oak,  FUed-cup  Oak,  Jack  Oak, 
Black  Jack  Oak,  Amer. ;  CkSns 
k  Lattes,  Fr. 

27.  heterophylla  M.  879 

Bartram*s  Oak. 

Otker  Species  qf  ThiUos.  —  Q. 
agrifblU  JVaid.  (?  Q.  coc- 
^era)     -       -       -       -  879 

B.  Leaves  evergreen. 
A.  Natives  of  Europe. 

§  viii.  I7e*.     Hcim,  or 
Holfy,  Oaks. 

28.  /^lex  i.  -  -  880 
The  common  erergreen  Oak. 

~~  Vies  arb&rea  Bauh.  Hist. : 
FYeuse,  or  CkSne  vert,  Fr.  j 
Stein  Eiche,  Oer. ;  fiUcr,  ItaL  ; 
Sndna,  Span. 

lintegrifoIiaLocL  0.880 

2  8erratifoliaL<M£.C.880 


COKTENTS. 


xHx 


dyagifolialAULasSO 
PkOiodrgM  Matth.  Valgr. 
Via  No.  S.  Du  Ham.  Arb. 

4cHspai:.od:  CaU     880 

5  latilolU  Lod,  Cat.  880 
Q.  I.  tMAngm  Hort. 

6  longifolia  Lod.  C.  880 
Q.  I.  lUSe^hUa  Hort. 

7  variegiu  HorU  •  880 

29.  (/.)  Balldta  Des.  882 
?r/M  m4^  Clus,  Hist.: 

Okime  A  Gtoadk  domx.  Chine 
JBaUote^¥v. 

30.  (/.^.)gramuotia882 

fVta  fUUM  rolmmMfibu*, 
Ac,  Magn.  Moosp. :  Ckeme  de 
Gtammomt,  Fr. ;  WeUewbOU, 
irige  Eieke,  Ger. ;  Emdmadmlee^ 
and  Gtfuella,  Span. 

2  Co6ktt  .  ^  883 
Q.  aidMI  ifrft.  Artf.  Ittad. 

31.  coccifera  L,      -  883 

The  Kermcs  Oak.  —  Vieg  eoc- 
t^rra  Cam.  Bpte.»  1.  acmltdta 
eoeeif^amdiftra  Garid.  Aix.,  I. 
eoeagrra  Ger.  Bmac:  <3keii« 
tfitf  JCfrawf ,  Fr. ;  Kermes 
Eidke,  Ger. ;  Qtwnv  dW  J&r- 
r,  lUl. 


32.  psei^do-coccifera  883 

Ckeue  d  Jawi  Kermes,  Fr. ; 
Sieekermte  Sieke,  Ger. 

33.  iSQber  L.-        -  884 

SMer  Cam.  Spit.,  8.  Prhnu 
Mattb.  Valar.,  S.  laii/Mum, 
^e^  Do  Ham.  Arb.:  Ckime 
Liege,  Fr. ;  Kork  Bieke,  Ger. ; 
Awero,  Ital. ;  Aleomofue,  8p. 

2  latif5Uum  -         -  884 
Skber  latifdUum,  4c.,  Ban. 

3  angnstiroliuin    -  884 
StiA.  amgmst(fdlium  Banh. 

^  dendttum  -        -  884 
Q.  Fteido-Skber  Hort. 

34.  P&eddo-5Kkber  D.  885 

Ckene  fami  Liege,  Cktne  de 
Gihralier,  Ft. ;  VmSdUe  Kork- 
Bicke,  Ger.:  Q.  TVnwrl  DImc, 
ftom  a  leaf  recdTed  by  Um 
from  Kew,  not  of  WUUL 
2  Fontandsn  -  -  885 
Q.  FomtmaeM  Gum. 

35.  Tiirnen  Wilid.    885 
Q.  k^krUa  Hort. :  C3M«r  d^ 

Ttanier,  Fr. ;  IWncndkef  ^dkr. 


36.  hybndan^a    -  886 
Q.k^krida  Lodd.  Cat.  1886; 

Q.  *«  a  kifkiid  kettPeen  Q.  m- 
Ammtite  and  Q.  rir«  in  Hort. 
8oc  Gard.*' ;  Q.  Mmr/f«  Hort., 
Q.MdiMHort. 

B.  NMMsqfNortk  Ameriem, 

$iz.  VhrinieM,    LivOaki, 

37.  WreoB  AU.        -  886 
The  Uve  Oak — Q.  Pktikte 

0  Lin.  Sp.  PL,  Q.  temperament 
BanicCcr,  Q.  ftrmrtajlir^rfea  Br. 
BotGard. 

38.  myrtifdtia  WiUd.  887 


c.  NaUeet  qf  Neped. 

§  X.    Lauatm.       WooUy  or 
downy-leaved  OaJu, 

39.  lanata  SwM  -  888 
Q.  lam«AidM  D.  Don  Prod., 
FL  Nep.  ;  ?  Q.  B4qia  Ham. 
MSS.,  ?  Q.  okiong^  D.  Don, 
L  c. ;  ?Q.  AicdfM  Rojie  Uliut 


40.  annulata  Sndih    888 

Q.  PhulliiU  Ham.  M88.,  D. 
Don  Prod.  PI.  Nep. ;  ?  Q.  Kam- 
rodpil  D.  Don,  /.  c. ;  7  Q.  ^/otfoi 
Thunb..  ?  Q.  acnmindta  Hort. 

A  pp.  L  European  Kindt 
of  Oakt  not  yet  intro- 
duced. 


Q.  glalSca  Thnnk*,  Q.  cun»i. 
dAta  Tkunk.,  Q.  dentiUia 
Thunk.,  Q.  cfbovktA  Bunge, 
and  Q.  chinfosls  Bunge,  are 
deicribed  in  our  1st  ed.  • 


Q.ikgfnea  Lam. 

Q.  mgilMtifdUa  Wnid. 
Q.  irsUopiAlia  Pert.  Syn.    889 

Q.  kispdniea  fi  Lam. 
Q.  JBIr^a  Bosc  .       -889 

CkSne   Brotte   at    Nantes; 
CMm^  iM/»,BoBamL 
Q.  ▼iminilis  Bote      -       .889 

Chine  Sauie.   Ckgne  Otter. 
Ckinede  Hoi,  Fr. 
Q.  4spera  Bo$e         •        -  889 

Chine  dpre,  Fr. 
Cbtae  L^sermien,  Bote    -  889 
Ch6ne  CasUUan,  Bote  -    • 


Other  Spedet — Q.  lusitfnica 
lAtm.,  Q.  vrftsina  Pert.,  Q. 
calyiAna  Pair.,   Q.  ezpinsa 
Poir..  Q.  rotundifbUa  Lam. 
and  0.  hOmilia  ~ 


App.  iL  Oaht  of  Africa^ 
Aeia  Minor,  and  BertiOf 
onfy  partiaBy  introduced. 

Q.  obt^cta  Poir.  Diet.       .  890 

Q.  infect5ria  0/nr.  Foy.      -  890 

Q.cari/ntit  WlUd.:   Ckene 

a  Gallet,Fr. ;  Parker  Eicke, 

Gpr 

Q.  Libini  OMf..  Q.  rfgida^OU., 

Q.  ib6rica  Slev.,  Q.  eastanei- 

IMia   C.  A.   Meyer,  and  Q. 

mon^dUca    Fitch.,    are   de- 

scribed  in  oor  1st  edit.    -  890 

Q.  mannifera  Lindl.Bot.  B.  890 

Q.  rdgia  Lindl.  Boi.  Beg.      891 

Q.  Brkota  Lindl.  BotBeg.  881 

App.  ill.  Himalayan  Oakt 
only  parHaUy  introduced. 

a.  ttiidauk  Smith  inBeet*tC.  891 
Q.    tquamata    Box.   Hort. 

Beng. 

Q.  A'rcola  Ham.  MSS. 

Q.  obtusifblia  D.  Don,  Q.  gran- 

dlfblia  D.  Don,  and  Q.  velo- 

tlna  Lindl.,  are  described  in 

our  1st  ed.  -       -  89S 

a.  lameUdsa  Smith    -       .  892 

Q.   imkricata  Ham.  MSS., 

D.  Don  Prod.  Kl.  Nep. 

Q.  semecarpifdlia  AnM. 


App.  iv.     Oakt  of  Japan, 
Coddn' China,  ^  China, 
mott  of  which  have  not 
yet  been  introduced. 

Q.  gUbra  Thunk.      -       -  89g 
Q.  oooe^ntrica  Lour.,  Q.  acbta 
T%unk.,  Q.  serriKa  Thunk., 
e 


App.  V.  Oakt  of  Java,  Su^ 
matra,  and  Ae  kMueca 
blet,  not  yet  introduced. 

Q.  sundiica  BItime  Ft.  Joe.  891 

The  Sunda  Oak. 
Q.  pruinbsa  Blume  Ft.  Joe.  894 

71b«  firotlyQak, 

Q.  ansustiU  mume  PL  Ja».  894 

Q.  pinida  Blume  FI.Ja9.  -  895 

Q.  cost^U  Blume  Fl.  Joe.  89ft 

Q.  rotundau  Blume  PI.  Joe.  895 

Q.  ^lagans  Blume  FL  Jae.    896 

Q.  placentilrlaB(frfRffF9f.Jav.809 

Q.  glab£rrima£tem«F/.  Jffv.  896 

Q.  platyc&rpaiS'Acme  Ft.  Jav.  896 

Q.  dKphniSSAeaLBlumeFl.Jae.9Sfl 

Q.  racemdaa  Hook,  in  Cuihp. 

B.     Mag.,     Q.    gemelliflbra 

Blume  Fi.  Joe.,    Q.  icdiita 

Blume  Ft.  Jav.,   Q.    urceo- 

Ihrit  Hook.,  and  Q.  Pseildo. 

moHScca  Blume  Fk  Joe.,  are 

described  in  our  1st  ed.  -  898 

Q.  moldoca  Bume  Ft.  Jae.  898 

Q,.  torUnita  Blume  Ft.  Joe.  898 

d.  lineiUa  Blume  Fl.  Joe.  -  898 

App.  tL     Mexican     Oakt 
onlypartiaUy  introduced, 

Q.  xalap«nsis  Humk.  4  Bon.  896 

Q.  glvacHcentHumkJhBon.  889 

H  obtus&U  Humk.  f  Bon.  8li9 

Q.  pandttraia  Humk.  4  Bon.  899 

Q.  repAnda  Humk.  4r  Bon.    900 

Q.  tedrina  Humk.  A  Bonpl.  900 

Q.  tUerdxjltL  Humk.  ^  Bon.  900 

Q.  mezicftna  Humk.  A  Bon.  901 

Q.  criMipes  Humk.  i  Bon.  901 

Q.  crissipes  angustlfotia  H.  901 

Q.  lanceoliu  humk.  &Bon.  901 

Q.  reticulata  Humk.  4  Bon.  909 

Q.  chrysophf lia  Hum.  ^  S.  90S 

Q.  pulch^Ua  Humk.  ABon.  903 

Q.  spldita  Humk.  A  Bon.     90S 

Q..  stlpuiaris  Huaeb.  ^  Bon.  90S 

Q..  crasslfdlia  Humb.if  Bon.  901 

Q,.  depr^ssa  Humb.  A  Bon.  '906 

Q.  Boibfgua  Humb.  ^  Bon.   906 

Q.  confertUbUa  Hum.  A  Bon.  904 

Q.  trldens  Humb.  A  Son.     904 

a.  acutUbUa  WiUd.JI.  gfB.  904 

Q.  elliptlca  Willd.,  Q.  mucro. 

niLU    WiUd.,    Q.   tomentbsa 

JVilkL,  Q.   circln&U  H'iUd., 

Q.  splfodens  IViUd.,  Q.  ra- 

gbsa  mUd.,  Q.  macrophtHa 

fFUId.,  Q.  diveraif;ilU  mUd., 

Q.  cindicans  H'iUd,  Q.  ml- 

croph^Da   ITtUd..    Q.   lobJkU 

Willd.,      Q.     magoolui^fklia 

WlUd,  a.  Ititea  VKilld.,  and 

Q.  lallclfblia  fViUd.,  are  de- 

scribed  in  our  1st  ed.     -  904 

Q.  lanctfMia  Ckam.  ft  Scklee.  904 

Q.  petioUrisiXm^A.    .       .904 

Q.   dysoptayila  Benth.    Planl. 

Hartweg.,  Q,.  A*lamo  Ibid., 

Q.  barbmfarls  Ikid.,  Q.  gla- 

br^scena  JOrid.,  0.  Hartw^ 

Ibid.,  and  some  others,  have 

been  discovered  by  Hartweg, 

who  has  sent  homeapedmens 

of  all,  and  acorns  ofsorile,  to 

the  Hort.  Soc.         .       -  904 

II.  jPa'gusZ/.  -    -  905 
The  Beech. ^AitfM  of  the 


CONTENTS. 


ItoOMLns  Aoeordlnff  to  Bauhtn  ; 
OnM  of  tho  Gredu ;  Gwl^bwa 
Tourn. :  HStre^  Ft.  i  Sueke^ 
Oer.;  Beuke^  Dutch;  Bog, 
Dan. ;  Bokt  Sw«d.  t  Bmk,  Ron. 
and  Pol. ;  Fii^xjIOt  Ital. ;  Haya^ 
Span  ;  Ft^fo^  ort. 

A.  CupmU  mmricmte,  ammU- 
Jbrm.       Ovariet      tnauded. 

Young  leaves  pticate. 

a.  Spedeg  in  Cultivaikm  im  Iki- 

tiik  Oardetu. 

I.  8>'lv&tica  L.        -  005 

Ctutinea  Fdgut  Scop.  Carn., 
Tdgia  Bauh.  nn.,  F.  tyHittra 
Mich.  N.  AmoTM  Oxyo»  Greek, 
Fi^utt  Lat. :  Jf  ^<rv  commtM^ 
¥t,  i  gemetne  BudUt  Oer.  \ 
Eoodbenke,  Dutch. 

2  puipiirea  AU,  -  905 
F.  s.  2.  a/rv-rftftcM  Du  R. 
HHrenoir,  Ft. 

3  cikprea  Z.odrf.  Cat,  905 

4  foliis  vari^atb   -  905 

5  heteroph^Ua       -  906 
F.«.  laemtdia  Lodd.CaL 
F.  $,  •apUtMdiia  L.  Gat. 
F. ».  incUa  Hort. 

F. «.  MiMfWa  Hort. 

Fr. 

6  cristfkta  Zodi.  Cbf.906 
F.  M.  crispa  Hort 
J»irr  OA*  rff  Cofl-,  Fr. 

7  p6Ddu\&  Lod,  Cat.  906 
//^<re  Parasol,  Fr. 

8  americAna  -  907 
F.  iykfHlrit  M Ichx. 
ITAAir  BMci,  Amor. 

3.  femigfnea  i4t^.    -  909 

F.  americdma  kO^blia  Du  Bol 
Harbk. :  red  Beech,  Amer. 
2  carolimAna  •     -  909 

F.  earoMmdMa  Lod.  Cat. 
Slatifdiia      -         -  909 
F.  lai^fMa  of  IiOe*»  Mart. 

b.  l^pMfet  not  f/et  inirodmced, 

3.  obliqua  Mirb.     -  910 

B.  Cupule  hufolucri/brm  ;  Seg' 
ments  narrow,  laaniaie.  OvC' 
riet  lateraUy  imerted, 

a.  SpecHt  introduced  fnto 
Britain. 

4.  (etuloides  Mirb,  9)0 
The  evergreen  Beech.  —  B^- 

imla  ant6rctiea  Font,  in  Com. 
Goeu.,  WiUd.  dp.  PI. 

5.  antarctica  .FWf  ^.    910 

b.  Speete»noityetinirodueed4»to 

BrUiA  Gardena, 

6.  Dombeyi  Mirb.  -  91 1 

The  Myrtte-leaTod  Beech. 

7.  dubia  3ftr&.        -  911 

III.  CastVnea  71-911 

The  Chei tnnt  —  FajfUt  IJn. 
andoChtfrv:  ChAtaignier,  Fr  ; 
Ka$tanie,  Ger. ;  Ca»tagna,\til.\ 
Castano,  Span.;  CattanAeirOf 
Port. ;  Castanietnet  Swed.  nd 
Dan. ;  KackUm,  Bnu, 


1.  v^sca  G<grtn.  -  912 
TheSweet,  orSpanUh,Che»t* 
nut  —  Figu$  Castanea  Lin. 
Hort.  Cliff.,  Cattdnea  $ativa 
Mill.  Diet.,  C.  vuigdrig  Lam. 
Bncyc.  Eng.  Bot. 
Fartetteg 

A.  Botanical  Fariettet. 

2  osplenifolia  Lodd.  912 
Cketeroph^Ua  Hort. 

C.  lacinthta  Hort. 
C.  talieifhUa  Hort 

3  cochldLtaXotf.  Ca<.  912 

4  glabra  Lodd,  Cat,  912 
C.  v./d/i/«  au:idi$  Hort. 

5glaiica  /fort.       -  912 
C  gtaitea  Hort. 

6  vaiiegata  Hort,   -  91 2 
C.  v.Mlifs  arrets  Lodd. 

7  americ^na  -        -  912 
C.  ^*ea  Michx. 

B.  Fruit'bearing  Vart.    913 

2.j>iimila  WiUd.     -  914 

The  ChinGjqpin.-.F4gtM  pii- 
mHa  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  CoMiduea 
pkmUa  virginidna,  tfc.  Pluk. 
Aim.:  Ckataigner  Ouneapin, 
Ft. ;  xteerch  KaUamCi  or  Oat^' 
tai^,  Ger. 

j^p^ef  qf  Cattdnea  not  pet  in- 
trodueed  into  European  Oar- 


C.  indicA  Ror.  Hort.  Beng.  914 

C.  RoxbdrghfY  LIndi.         -  915 

Qm^cw  castaniedrpa   Rox. 

Hort.  Beng.,  Spreng.  Sytt. 

C.  ■phaerodtrpa  LAk//.       •  015 

(jfiUreut  armdta  Rox.  MSS. 
a  #ribul61dei  Lindl.   -      -  915 
Qu6reuM  tributoUlet  Smith  in 
Rees's  CyclM_D.  Don    In 
Prod.  Nep.,  wall,  in  Litt. ; 
Q.Catdngea  Ham.  MSS. ; 
Q.f^rtur  Rox.  Hort.  Beng. 
J7.  martab£nica  VFaO.  Pi.  A%.  915 
C.  TVci^mtf  Bluroe  BJdr.  915 
Tun^Krrui,  or  T\nigerrdk,  of' 
the  Natives. 
C.ATgtfnteti  Biume  Fl.Jav.  915 
C.  javtnica  I^me  Fl.  Jan.  915 
a  montina   -        -       .  915 
C.  numtdna  Blame  BJdr. 
8  ftio^wens    ...  916 
C.  in^rmis  LinM.  in  WaU.  -  916 
C.  chln6nsis  Spreng.    -     -  916 

IV.  Ca'rpinus  X.  -  916 

The     Hornbeam Came, 

Ckarme,  Fr. ;  Bagntuche,  or 
Hainbucket  Ger. ;  Carpino, 
Ital. 

K  P^ulus  L.  '  .  917 
CSrpinm  Matth.  Valgr., 
(y&trya  Banh.  Pin.,  Crmu 
Trag.Hitt.,  F^gw  Baoh.  Hkt., 
B#f«lMLob.Ic.:  Came,Charme, 
FT.igemeine  Haynbuehe,  Oer. ; 
Carpifno  bianco,  Ital. :  fiem- 
beam,  Yolce  Elm,  and  In  tome 
placet  Wifck  Nauel. 

2  inciaA  Lodd,  Cat,   917 
C.  B.  querc(fSlia  Deaf. 

C.  B.  ketertmkpUa  Hort. 

3  vwKgkUiLod.  Cat,  91 7 

2.  (^.)  ameridina  -  918 

C.  virginidma  Michx.  Arb. 


S.  (B,)  orjentjilis  /;.  918 

Spea'es  or  Farietiet  of  Cdr. 
pinut  not  if  et  introduced  into 
European  Oardent. 

C.  B.  Carpimtxa  Hort.  .919 
C.  Timfnea  Lindl.,  WalL  .  919 
C.  (agteea  Lmdl.,  Wall.    .  919 

V.  O'STRYA  WilU,      919 

1.  vulgaris  WUid,    -  920 

Cdrpmus  <ystrua  Hort.  Cliff., 
Cyttrya  carphiifoh'aScop.CKm., 
(ystrua  Bauh.  Pin.,  O.  itdlica, 
9rc.,  Michx. Gen. :  Carpino  nero, 
Ital. 

2.  (?v.)virginicaFF.  920 

C^rpiMtw  itirginidna  Abb. 
Ins.,  C^rpAsiM  (XMryA  w'rgi. 
nidna  Michx.  FI.  Bor.  Amer., 
C.  O'sfrffa  Bfflch.  N.Amer,  Syl., 
not  the  fig.,  which  is  O.  rtil- 
girls :  Iron  Wood,  Lever  Wood, 
Amer. ;  Boit  dur,  lUinois. 

VI.  Co'RYLUS  L.    •  921 
The  Haael.  —  Coudrier,  Fr. ; 

Hatelnu**,  Gm.xNoeeiolo,  Ital. 

1.  i^vdlana  L.        -  921 

Coudrier  Noitetier^  Fr. ;  Aa- 
aeUrauck,  Nustbamn,  Ger. ; 
AoelUmo,  Nocdoto,  Ital.  i  Avei- 
lano.  Span. 

Farktiet. 

A.  Boianleal  Varietiet. 

1  sylvdstris  ^tV.  -  922 
C.  AveUdna  Svensk., 

C.  syMetris  Banh.  Fin. 

2  pikinila  -  -  922 
C.  pknula  Lodd.  Cat 

3  heterophylla  -  922 
C.  keteropk^Ua  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.  tadnidta  Hort. 

C.  urticifdUa  Hort. 

4  purpurea  -         -  922 
C.  purpurea  Lodd.  Cat. 
C.  atro-  purpurea  Hort.* 

B.  Farietie*  cultivated  for 
their  Ftmit, 

5  tubulosa  -  -  922 
C.  tubuUea  Wllld.  Abbild. 
C.mStima  Mill.  Diet. 

C.  taOva  Bauh. 

C.  s.  rbbra  Alt. 

Jtetf  FjU5«rf,Hort^8oc.  Cat. 

Lamgbartnmtt,   or   JLom- 

berfnutt,  Ger. 
l^Toi'Mlier  /nmc    <j  FrwU 

rouge,  Poit.  et  Turp. 

6  tubttldaa  ilba      -  922 
C.  sa^a  alba  Ait. 
C.A.al6aLodd.Cat. 
WMUFiUtert,  Hort.  S.  Cat. 
FK«te«  Xai^{torfMif«,Ger. 

7  crispa  Ene.  of  PL  923 
Fr*MaaedFabert,FM, 

8  t^uia  Lodd,  CaL  923 
Thin-shelled,  or  Cosford, 

Nut,  Pom.  Mag.,  H.S. 

9  barcelon^nsis  -  -  923 
C.  joriva  gr&ndit  'RwaSa. 
C.  A.grdndis  Lodd.  Cat. 

/(tma  JViff ,  the  Doumton 
large  Nut,  Hort.  S.  C. 

2.  Colurna  L.  -     -  923 

C.  AyxanAiMHerm.  Lugdb., 
AveUdud    peregrhna     kSunilit 


CONTENTS. 


li 


Oma  CIiu.    Hist.,  C.  aridrea 
Bort.:  leNabeHer^e  ~ 

2  interiDddU  -     -  929 
Cmierm^im  Lodd.  C«U 

3  Mrbor^acensFMcft.  934 


8.  rcMtrata  ML      -925 

TiM  Oaekold  Haael.— C^/- 

4.aiiieridtaa  iMidLr.  925 
C.  mmurMmm  HHmOU  Wang. 


Abmt.:  i)iMKf   ClwstoM    Umiy 
wMdFUberiyAmat. 

Otker  Smetiet.  —  C,  f^rox  WtH 

I.  GA'RRTif  DoiuL    926 

1.  eUfptka  Dou^  -  026 

2.  Aiurifbtia  iTar/icr.    926 


O.    aaorephfila, 

■.and  O.  OTiU,«re 

ia  Benthwn't  Plan. 

•  917 


L  Pla'tanos  i.  -  927 

The  PUne  Tiree.~PlalaMr, 
Fr.;  Fiaimmu  Ger.| 


1.  oiientalis  Xr.  -    -  928 

•FUtamm  ariemtiUt  vim 
Park.Theatr.,  Do  Bam.  Art. : 
Platme  *e  rOriemi,  Vr.;  Mar- 
fmOtmiiaektr  Plstmmu  Oct.; 
BooA,  AnMc :  CkSmar,  PeniaD. 

2  oeerifolM  ^ti     -  998 
P.  0.  A'cerU^lio  Toor.C. 
p.  meerffMia  WUId.  Sp.  PL 
P.  imitnitidia  Bort. 
Jfgalf  Ifmed  Fbme  Tree, 

3  fa]fl»4nica  -        -  927 
pTAte^aAxi  Lodd.  Cat. 
P.  MUKToip^^ilto  Crae. 

4  enndUa  -  -  929 
p.  0.  mmdiMia  Alt.  R  K. 
P.  1— fifa  WWd.  8p.  PL 

2.  ocddentMis  L.     931 

p.  oeeidaUiUt  tern  whgbtiht-. 
$k  Park.  TbaaCr.,  Du  Ham. 
Arb.:  Aifl9f»-iM«d;  ITaftr JSmcA, 
ag€mm&rt^  CoUam  TVwf,  Ainar.} 
Arffliw  de  FirgMe,  Fr. 

L  Liai^IDA'KBAIt  L.  932 


1.  Styracifliia  L.  -  932 

lAqmMSmbm'  Arbor  Plok. 
Ataa,  Mrw  Ktert»jmo  RaU 
BUC:  rifwriif— itT  rMMiu , 
CbMfcig  ^  rAmtriame,  Liqui- 
Hemhtir  Copai,  TT.iTUeuemder 
Aimbarhmmh  0«r*l  MaroM  H* 
Virirla,llal. 

2.  hnbMe  IFtf/rf.  -  938 

X,.  ariMfdito  Min .  Dfe.,  ?  IM- 


oriemtiUie  Poeocfc  lclaer.» 
L.  hmkerbia  SmUh  In  Rees*s 
Cyc 

(MA«r  4wcfef.  —  L.  Alttngfa 
Blttme  BJdr.  (iUMiwIa  exctf/- 
«a  Noraoha  in  Batav.  Ver- 
band^  Pan.  Sjrn.,  Sprenf. 
Syt.  Lambarfi  Geaus  Ataut ; 
Z.%wi  MHuteMN  Runph. 
Uartiar.  Aaibogm.)         -  993 

lAyricdcea, 
L  AfYRrci  L.      -  934 

The  CaodleberTy  Hrrtle.^ 
OiUd,  Fr.;  Wadksttramch,  G«r.: 
JfA'iM.ItaL 

1.  Gale  L.  -  -  934 
Sveet  Gale,  Sweet  Willow,  or 
DwtchWiUow.— 041e  Rati  S^., 
BMJMMfCard.  Hi»U,M^hu 
Wub£mtica  Ger.  Bmac,  KAd« 
xt^rtifUia  bilgiea  Bauh.  Pin., 
R.  tgMatrU  &itera  Dalech. 
Ulat.,  B.  ^vistri*  Park.Theat, 
BfWrkw  paUUirii  Ijm. :  GaU, 
PJmetUo  rogml,  Fr.,  geaieime 
-MM*,  Ger. 


2.  €erf  fera  L,        -  935 

The  American   Candleberrj 


L  cer^era  m^tutiJS- 
Urn  Att.  Hort.  KewJliArtu$ 
ArwddsMeo,  Jv ,  Plui.  Aim. : 
drier  de  la  £i9MAMn«,Fr.;  ifH 
hero  deUa  cera.  Ital. 

2  latilolU  Ait  '    -  935 
Bl  c;  midia  Mlchx. 
H  cmroUmhuU  WilkL, 
IC.  pemmeifloSmtea  Lam. 
IL  c.  fciNfwrvJmw  Hort. 
Mfrtm  brabimtiem  Gates. 

OMrr  dePemmnhMmietYx. 
Uraok$- 
Ger. 


MIer  Apeefef —  M.  apathulAu 


IL  CoMPTo'N/if  8ol.936 

Liumtddmbar  Lin.  flp.,  l^yri- 
M  Ltn.  Hort.01Ur.,  Gdle  Petn. 
Mm,:  Compiom€tVt,\Comptoidet 
Ger. 

1.  mplenii^lia  Solan.  936 
UqmUuaAar  malen^fbUum 
Un  Spw,  L,  peregrimmm  Lin. 
Syat.,  Myrku  Linn.  Hort  CUft, 
Gdle  flMHdMa  PeUv.  Hui.,1^. 
tmt  brabdmtiue  qff'htii  Fluk. 
Phjpt. :  Vte  sweet  Pern  Bteft, 
Amer. 

Gnet&ceee. 

L  .fi'PHBDRA  L.    -  987 
l.dbt^MJiyalr.      -937 

The  Gaaat  rtonMy  HflMetaO. 


or  den  Orope,  —  Bwaedra 
fdrb  Rich.  Mto.  Conif.,  1 
aonvw  fiMrlMMi  Tabem*,  ir. 
UMntftfNAHN.  fe.,  Baoh.  Pin. ; 


"ifi: 


Ephedra  tiutritbm*  mJijar  Tm. 
Inst. :  iMMi  dr  M«r,  Epbidre 
mmltifiortt  Fr. :  ZiMyoAr^cr 
Ger. 


taU.  —  B.  p(%siMdM^  Pall. 
Rosa. :  Eakedre  mtmem-e,  Epkc. 
dr€de  SibMe,  Fr. 

TaxdcetB. 
1.  Ta^xus  Xr.  -       -  939 

The  Tew. 

1.  baccata  L.  -       -  939 

T6gfi$  No.  16C3.,  HalL  Hbt.: 
ff,  Fr.;  JfembamBHy  Iienbaum» 
or  £dkemoamm,  Ger. ;  Toms 
Ital.;  Tero.  Spaa. 

2  fiutiinikta   -         *  939 
T./mtMdta  Lindl. 

T.  Ubfrnica  Hook.,  Lodd. 

Tke  Irieh  Yew. 

3  prociimbens        -  940 
T,proedmbetu  Lodd.  Cat. 

4  er«cta        -         -  940 

5  narsifolia  /Torf.     940 

6  roliia  Tarie^.  Lod,  940 

7  fr6ctu  luteo        -  940 

2.  (b. )  canad  ensis  W.  942 

Ttie  Morth  American  Yew.— . 
T.  b,  wUmor  Michx.  Bor.  Amer. 

3.  Harringtonia  Kn.  942 
?  T4rtw  macropkfiUa  Thunb., 

tPodoc&rpmi  macn^^lHu  S  w. , 
Lamb.  Sd  ed.,  Arb.  Brit.  Ut  ed. 

Other  Speefei  qf  Taxu*.  ~  T. 
Bfacfc^a  Pin.  Wob.,  T.  hm- 
k^  Knight's  Oat..  T.  glo- 
~    "    "  -         -94S 


2.  moooBtdchym  L.    938 

The  flnaU  WtaxUbg  " 
c  2 


II.  ToBRB^^  Am.   943 

Tiimt  tp.  iiTutt. 
1.  fexifolia  Am,      -  944 

T&sms  mmtdna  Nutt.,  not  of 
Wind. :  SUmJth^  Cedar,  Florida. 

IIL  SalisbuW^  S.  944 

Gimigo  ef  Kcmprer,  Lin- 
DCtts,  and  others 

1.  adiantif51ia  Smith  945 
The  Ginkgo  Tree —  Ginkgo^ 
Qim  OH,  or  It^,  Kmmft,  Am. ; 
Ginkgo  biloba  Lin.  Hant. : 
Naper  du  J«poik,  Jrbre  auM 
qtutramte  JS'emM,  Ft.  j  Jtbero 
odiaafo,  Ital. 

Coniferaf  or  P/wa- 

Tkibe  I.    ABufmiM* 
L  PI'nus  i.  -        -  950 

The  Pine.  —  Le  Pi$t.  Fr.  s 
Acito,  PyytAoiMi,  or  ki^er, 
Ger. ;  /*mAo0«s,  Dutch ;  Phto, 
Ital.  and  Span. :  Prnw,  Anglo- 
Sax.  ;  Piaaaa,  wdih  ;  PeigiUt 
Brse. 

nifly  2  i»a  ohmtk. 
A.  VatHtee  itf  Ewrope, 

L  syW^tris  X.       -  951 

The  Sooteh  Pine,  er  Scotch 

Fir. —  P.  rMra  Mil.  Diet..  P. 

MtaMrdr  q—iaftnit  Alt.  Hort 

I  Kaar.,  ?  P.  Btcmrdam.  RUao : 


Hi 


CONTENTS. 


Ml  uumage.  Pin  d'Eootte.  Fr.  $ 

5emeint  Fbhre.,  gemeine  FkdUe, 
CA/er,  Tonne,  and  IVB  other 
names,  which  are  given  in 
Hoffne  Abbad.,Gw  \Pynboom^ 
Dutch;  Phto  tyhaUoo,  Ital.j 
Pino  jylvtfgfre.  Span. ;  Fin[re, 
Dan.  and  Swed. ;  Anno,  Tol., 
Boh.,  and  Rust. 

VarietieM. 

a.  Tiwtber  JVeet. 

1  Tulgilris     -         -  952 

2  horizontalis         -  952 
P.  korixontaUs  Don  of  For. 
P.  «y/.  9ar.  montdna  Sang. 
Tike  Speytide  Pine,  Grig. 
The    red'toooded    Sootch 

Pine,  Sang. 
7P.rd6raMUl.Dict. 

3  uncinata    -         -  952 
MarForeU  Wild  Pime  H.S. 

4  hagueneiisK        -  953 
Pin  dc  Haguenau,  Fr. 

5  rig^nsis     -         -  953 
Pin  de  Riga,  Desf.  Hist. 
Pin  de  Rutsie,  Pin  de  Md^ 

ture,  Fr. 

Other  Timber  Tree  Fare.  953 

^'  Fariellei  enrioms  or  omO' 
mental, 

6  geoev^nus  -        -  953 
Pin  de  Tartare,  Fr. 

7  monopb^lla  Hbdg.95S 

8  scarioaa     -         -  953 
P.  eearibta  Lodd.  Cat. 

?  P.  tfwnndta  Bosc  Nour. 

9  intermedia  -  953 

10  altiica  Ledehour    953 

1 1  tortudsa  Don  ofF,  954 

2.  (s.)  pumflio  Heen,  955 
The  Mountain  Pine.  —  P. 
qulvistrit  monldna  y  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew. ;  P.  «.  hUmOit  v  Neal ;  P 
hUmilit,  ^.,  Toum .  Inst.,  Linli 
Abhand. :  Pin  nain,  French ; 
KrumholM,  Ger. 

2rubr»fdlia-         -  955 

3  Fischert  Booth  -  955 

4  MiighHS     -         -  955 
P.  t.  Mtigho  hfalt.  Cam. 
P.  montdna  Baum.  Cat. 
P.  Mikgho  Jacq.,  Pair, 

5  M.  nana    -         -  956 
The  Knee  Pineqfthe  Sty- 

rian  Alp*. 

Other  VarieHe*     -  .   -  996 

3  LaHcio  Potr.  -  956 
The  Corsican  Pine.  —  P.  ^- 
visirie  •  maritima  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.,  V.maritima  ed.  3. :  Pi- 
naetro,  Pino  dUappino,  Ital. 

1  conicina     -      -  957 
Larieio  de  File  de  Coree, 

Delamarre. 

2  subviridisiV.  Du  ff.  957 

3  caram&niea         -  957 
P.  caramdniea  Boec. 
FxaramaiUiniisBoaJtad. 
Larido  de  Caramante,  ou 

de  PA*ia  Minemre,  Dela- 
marre. 
fT.romdna  Lond.  H.  S. 
Card. 

4  calilbrica    -         -  957 
Larieio  de  Mont  S3a  en 

Caiabrct  Delamarre. 


5  austriaea      -      -  958 
P.  anttriaea  Hfiss. 
Larieio  d'Antriehe,  on  de 
la  Hongrie,  Delamarre. 

Other  Farietiee     -        -  958 

4h  (L.)  austrhcAHou  958 

The  b\Mck  Pine.  —  P.  nigri- 
cans Hort.,  P.  nigrfseeusKott. : 
Schwartz  Pohre,  Ger. 

5.  (L  )  Pallaseana  L.959 
The    Tartarian     Pine.  —  P. 

ta6riea  Hort. ;  P.  UUdrica  In 
the  Hammersmith  Nniserj  In 
1797,  P.  maritima  PaU.  Ind. 
Taur. :  Ttaam  in  the  Tartar 
language. 

Farietiei. 

Cones  straight  and 

short  -         -  960 
Cones      long      and 

erooked        -  960 

6.  (L.)  pyi^n&icaZr.  961 

V.hispdnica  Cook*t  SIcetches 
in  Spain,  Tinaeter  JUtpSnica 
Roxas  dl  San  Clemente;  P. 
peniciihu  Lap.Hist  dee  PI.  des 
Pyrenees  ;  P.  halcpinsis  mdfor 
Ann.  d'Hort.  de  Paris:  Pin 
Naxaron,  Pin  pinceau,  Fr. 

7.  Pinaster  i4t^.      -  961 

The  Cluster  PIna»  P.  ly/- 
vtstrit  y  I  An.  Syst.  Reich.,  P. 
maritima  iUera  Du  Ham.  Arb., 
P.  maritima  N.  Du  Ham. ;  P. 
s6rtica  Thore  Prom,  sur  iea 
C6tes  de  Gascogne,  P.  Mat- 
Mmiiina  Lamb.  ed.  S. :  Pin  de 
Bordeaux,  Pin  des  Landes,  Fr. ; 
Pinastro,  Ital. 

2  Aberdonuv  G.  M.  963 
P.  P.  EscarinmArb.Brit. 

3  LemontinMs  .  963 
P.  l>moMi4na  Senih.  9G3 

4  minor  .  .  963 
T.  maritima  nOn.  N.D.H. 
Pin  Pinsot,  Pin  de  Mans, 

J'ind  Trocket,Tv. 

5  foliis  variegatis  -  963 

6  maHtimus  -  963 
Other  Farieties  .       -     963 

8.  i^nea  Z.  -        .  965 

The  Stone  Pine P.  saliva, 

P.  saOva  Bauh.  Pin. ;  P.  do- 
mistica  Matth.  Comm. :  Pin 
Pignon,  Pin  bon.  Pin  euMvt, 
Pm  Pinter,  Fr. ;  Geneissbrre 
Ffchte,  Ger. ;  Pino  daPinocchf, 
Ital. 

2  fr^lis  AT.  Du  H,  965 

3  erotica  Hort.      .  965 

9.  halep^nsis  AU,    -  967 
P.  hierosolymitdna  Du  Ham. 

Arb.  ;  P.  maritima  prhna  Mat- 
thloltts:  Pin  de  Jirusalime, 
Fr. ;  Pino  d' Aleppo,  Ital. 

2  minor        -         -  967 

3  maritima  -  -  968 
P.  maritima  Lamb.  Pin. 

4genu^Ofiis  -  -  968 
P.  genm6nsis  Cook. 

10.  bruttia  Ten.     -  968 
The  Calabrian  Pine P.eois- 

glomerdta  Grseflbr  PI.  Ezdcc : 
JMabrische  Kiefer,  Ger. 


B.  NmtbiesiifN.  AmerUm, 

11.  Banksiaita  L.       969 
The  Labrador  Pine P.  «y«- 

vistris  diitaricdta  Alt.  Hort. 
Kew..  P.  rupfstris  Mx.  K. 
Amer.  Syl.,  P.  hud»6niea  Lam. 
Encyc. :  Scmb  Pine,  Hndson*9 
BoffPinei  Ypres,  CkmOm. 

12.  loops  Ait,  •  970 
The  Jersey  Pine.  ~  P.  vitgi- 

ntdna  Du  Roi  Harbk.  ed  Pott. : 
Pin  chetif,  Fr. 

13.  pungens  Michx.  971 

The  TM  Mosmtain  Pine, 

14.  resindsa  Aii,     -  972 

The  red  Fine.— P.  r^bra 
Itflchx.  N.  Amer.  Syl.:  Nor- 
trt^  Pine,  Canada;  Yellow 
Pine,  Nova  Scotia ;  /«  P^  rouge 
de  Canada,  Fr. 

15.  mitis  Michr,    -  974 

The  yellow  Pine.— P.  vari» 
SbiUs  Pursh  Fi.  Amer.  Sept. : 
?  P.  echtnuta  Mill.  Diet. :  New 
York  Pine,  Spruce  Pine, 
Short-leaved  Pine,  Yellow  Pine, 
Amer. 

16.  cont6rta  Doi^.  975 

17.  turbinata  Bosc   975 

$iL   TemdttB, — Leaves  3  in 
a   Sheath, 

A.  NtUives  (^  N.  Americm, 

18.  Tlae^da  L,        -  976 
The  Loblolly  Pine.—  T.JblUs 

tSrms  Gron.  Yirg.,  P.  virgi- 
nidna  tenuifdb'a  tHpUeis  Pluk. 
Akn. :  White  Pine,  at  Peters- 
burg  and  Richmond,  in  Vir- 
ginia. 

2  alopecuroidea  Ait.  976 

19.  rigidaJfiiZ.       -977 
The  Pitch  Pine.— P.  Tte'da 

•  Potr.  Diet.:  f  Tkree-teaved 
Virginian  Pine,  Sap  Pine. 
Black  Pine :  Pin  hSfiss6,  Pin 
rude,  Fr. 

20.  (r,)  Frasen  L.    979 


L(r.) 


21.  (r.)  serdtinailiir.979 
The  Pond  Pine.—?  P.  Tte'da 

tUopecur&dea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew. 
ed.9. 

P.  rariiblUs  Lamb.  Pin.   •  980 

22.  ponder6sa7>oti^.  981 

23.  SabininnaDoug.  982 
THe  great  pruMif-coned  Pine. 

24.  (8.)  Co61teriD.985 

The  great  hooked  Pine.—?  P. 
S'ofttei&na  var.  Hort. ;  7  P.  ma- 
crocdrpa  Lindl.  MSS. 

2Yera  -         -  985 

25.  australis  Mr.      987 
P.  paHstris  WiUd.  Sp.  PI., 

Pursh  Sept.,  Lamb.  Pin.  ed.  1. ; 
P.  amencdna  paiOstris,  Stc, 
Hort.  Angl.  Du  Ham.  Arb., 
P.  serdlina  Hort. :  in  America, 
Long-leaved  Pine,  Ydlow  Pine, 
Pitch  Pine,  and  Broom  Pine, 
in  the  southern  states;  South- 
ern Pine  and  Red  Pine,  in  the 


86.  iintenis  Doug.  986 
ST.  caliToniiana  Z.  989 
t.  Utma  BOK ;  Pirn  ^  uJ^ 

£8.  nrnricatB  U.Don  987 


38.  pitulm  f.  4-  D.    992 

33.  LlaveoM  Scb.     993 
F.  OBbrAMrf  Zuot  Flon: 

Ac     Vuim    Ctnitra,    FIOIIT 
CJc.  ^ 

C.  XoMn  tf  Mr  (tew**,  />- 
di^  Ftrtil,  CUM,  aM  ^w. 

34.  canari^iMS  Sm.   994 

3£.  longifolia  Rod>.   996 

36.  OemriliQiui  W.    998 

The  tbnrl-ICHed  NupU  Plug. 
r  (.'McUh    ElphlnitoiM ;   1*< 

37.  BJneiuU  Lamb.    999 

p.   7  Kntfi    BiW'f,    P.  rv- 
fmilntU    Hln.    Wii£„    P.    i^. 

38.  timori&BU    -  1000 
5  " 


I.  Nallfi^ltakB. 


KoBIh  In    Himb.  cc   Buep). 
Not.  G«.  MSfL  Pl^Dnpa^ 

S  Liodliji  .   I0O4 

43.  niiicropli;f11aZ,.  1006 
44  P«eiido-&r6buB  1006 

45.  filifaiia  Ltnf/.     lOOH 


4-7.  oikiipa  Sbii  1018 
?  oocarpoides  BcTdh.  1013 
46.  apulc^ras  Ldl.  1014 
"    -■-  -     -    Doo  in 


50.  Cemimi  L.       .  II 

P.  /Mi£l  fsMl.  Ac,  C 
SJl>.j  p.  loflH  jlnim,  Rl 
P.  liMUTlt,  Ac.,  Buih.  F 


The  WsTHKiuUi'  Pine,  —  P. 
JUAt  fBMi.  fc..  Cr«.  Vlrr.  l 
F.  cmmadfn^  fwifuHUMl  ba 


£  ilbs  /Tort  •  1018 

3  breTilulia  Horf.   1018 

4  compi  jsu  fiiwM  1018 


«.    (Sir.) 
Doug.        -  .  1019 

53.  (&)  moDtlcola  1021 

KtUmi,  qfStnl  amdtlnla. 

54.  (5.)  ezcelsa  IT.  1088 

Tba  BboUn  PId*.  —  P.  1Mq|. 


55.  Ayaca/n^  Ehr.  1083 


IL  A-wKs  a.  Don   )08fi 

LIB.  ud  (Kbin,  iti'jmrti  Pkh 
Unk  In  AWmi.  Kbnif.  Akld. 


S  L   LcatttttB 


I.  eicflsa  i^.      •   I 

The  WwwMT  SpniM  F 
HIU.  DM.,  'pi«a  '\-tie, 
ifiirbk.'  eA,    PoU.,    P,  « 

/nu    ^irn. '  fulcra. 


Scurp&in.         .  1097 
A.  carpauca  Hut. 

4  p&idula  -         .  1037 

5  fili'u  TsriegAtu  lOST 

6  Clanbrniliaiu  lOET 

7  Clanbr.  Mricta  10S7 
8p)rgnis'«-         -  1027 


urronita  Hort,  1027 


3.  obovaca  Z>.  Z>on  1089 


liv 


CONTENTS. 


P.  leua  Bhrh.  BelCr.,  P. 

dtmia  Du  Roi  Harbk.,  A.  ew- 
ftifdUa   Hort. :  timgU  apmee^ 
Amer. ;  EpineUe  Sameke,  Cft- 
■ada ;  Sapinette  bkmcke,  Fr. 
2  nina  Dickson   -  1030 

Oiker  rarieUea  •        •  1080 

5.  nigra  Poh.       -  1031 

Phmf  nigra  Ait.  H.  K.,  P. 
maridna  Ehr.  Beyt.,  A'M^ 
imA'^dfM  Wangh.  B«yt. :  4tnMe 
Spmee  i  noire  BphuUet  Bpi' 
neUe  d  la  BUrey  Canada. 

VarieUea       -       •       -  lOU 

6.  (n.)  rt^bra  Poir.   1032 

The  Newfoundland  Red  Pine. 
—P.  tnnericdna  rUbra  Wangh. 
Bert.,  FliMM  ri^a  Lamb.  PTd., 
Ponh  Sept. ;  A^Mef  ptalMia 
Lam. 

Scnriklea   -         >  1033 
A.  ovrMea  Booth. 

C.  NdHvet  qf  Nepal. 

7.  KhiUrow  -  -  1032 
A.  5mif*iina  Arb.  Brit  1st 

ed.,  Pimtf  Khtttro  So^le  IIL» 
?  FiiMW  5fiM<Alkna  WaU,  PI.  At. 
Bar.,  A^bie*  Sm/<Ai&na  Lindl. 
Pen.  Cyd.,  A.  Morinda  Hort. : 
Baga,  or  Raggoe,  in  the  Parbo- 
tee  language. 

VarieHew       -  -  lOSS 

$  ii.  Leanetflat,  genenUfy 
glaucotu  beneath,  impcT' 
fectijf  2'rowetL 

D.  Natives  iff  North  America, 

8.  Dougliisti  Lindl.  1033 

The  trldent-bracted  Spruce 
Fir.  —P.  taxffbUa  Lamb.  Pin., 
Purth  FI.  Amer.  Sept. :  A. 
eal(/6mia  Hort. ;  Vhnu  Don- 
gld»\\  Sabine  iiSS.,  Lmmb.Pin. : 
tke  Nootka  Fir,  Smith  in  Rees's 
CycL 

3  tfaxifolia  -         -  1033 

9.  Menzidsii  Doug.  1034 
The  warted^branched  Spmoe 

Fir PlMW  MemOeOL  Lamb. 

Fin, 

10.  canadensis  Mx,  1035 

The  Heaaloch  Spruce  Fir. — 
P.  eanadtnsit  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  P. 
americdna  Du  Ral  Harbk., 
Smith  in  Rees*s  CtcI.  ;  A^Me» 
americdna  Marih.  Arb.  Amer.  t 
Penute  bf  the  French  In  Ca- 
nada ;  Sapin  du  Canada,  Fr. ; 
SckierUnga  Pickte,  Oer. 

E.  Native  qf  Nepal, 

11.  dumosa  -  1036 

PliMtf  dumbsa  Lamb.  Pin., 
Kbiet  BrummibsuL  Lindl.  In 
Pen.  Cycl.,  P.  deddma  Wall. 
MSS,.P.  Br^moaiinM  WalLPL 
At.  Bar, 

Other  Spedea  cf  A^biet.  —  A. 
MertensfdiM  Bong.,  A.  sltch- 
§n8lt  Borur.^  A.  trlg6na,  A. 
hetcrophflTa,  A.  arom4t1ca, 
A.  microph^Ila,  A.  oUlquftta, 
and  A,  fticata,  A.  hirt6lla 
nntnboldt  et  Kunth,  A. 
Knrnpfdrw  Thunb.,  if.Thun. 
b^rg^/Tbunb.,  ^.AMm^Sicb.. 


A,  rordnoSieb.,  A,  ArmM 
Sieb.        •  -         -  low 

III.  Pi'c^A D.Don  1036 
The  Silver  Fhr.  —  PbMif  Lin. 
in  parti  Plnm  aecL  Fdlcv  D. 
Don  in  Lamb.  Pin.;  A'd»ef  Lk., 
Nee»  Ton  Btenbeck,  and  Lede- 
bour ;  AMn  Du  Rol,  in  part : 
Sapin^  Tr.  \  Tannen,  (3er. 

A.  Natives  qf  Surape,  Siberia, 
and  the  North-west  ef  Asia, 

1.  pecttnlita    -    •  1037 

Kbies<A  Pliny,  Plmtf  PUxa 
Lin.  Sp.  PL,  P.  A^Mm  Du  Rol 
Harbk.,  A'6ir«£<&a  HlILDict., 
A.  TSxiJblio  Tourn.  Intt.,  A. 
vntgdris  Poir.  Diet.,  A.  pecti- 
ndta  Dec  Fl.  Fr.,  A.  Uut^lia 
Hort.  Par.,  A.  Pleea  Llnd.  in 
Penn.  Qfc.,  A.  exdlsa  Link 
Abhand.  Ac. :  StoanishFfr:  Sa^ 
pin  commun,  Sapin  d  FeuOles 
d^^,Sapin  Mane,  SapinairgenU, 
St^rin  en  Peigne,  Sapin  de  Nor- 
mandie,  Fr.  CfVeiss  Tonne  Bdet- 
tonne,  Ger.  \  Abets  argenAto, 
Ital. 

3  tortudsa  Sooih     1037 

3  loliis  TariegatiB    1087 

4  cindrea    -         -  1037 
Plnitf  Plcea  dnerea  B.  C. 


2. 


(p.)  cephalf^nica  1030 

Aoiet  cephalbmca  Arh.  "BriL 
I  ed.,  A.  tajtifdlia  Hort.,A.  Iau- 
eombdatA  Hort. ;  Koukonmaria 
and  Elaios  in  Cephaloniai 
Mount  Enos  Fir, 

3.  (p.)  Pinsiipo    -  1041 
£b»e$  PinM^poiMwAr  in  Bfbl. 
UnlT.de  Genere:  Mount  Atlas 
Cedar,  Dec.  M SS. 

4.(p.)Nordmannkma  1 042 
"Anus  Nordnumn\%n%  Stem. 

5.  (p.)  Pichta  .    .  1043 

Pb»w  Pichta  Lodd.  Cat.1836 ; 
P.  tibiriea  Hort.;  A  bies  sibiri- 
ca  Ledebour  Icon.  PI.  Fl  Ron., 
Lind.  in  Penn  J  Ore.;  A.  PtdUa 
Fischer :  Pichta,  Must. 

B.  Natives  qfN.  Awurioa, 

6.  balsamea   -     -  1044 

The  Balm  of  Gilead,  or  Amc' 
rican^  SlWer  Fir.— Plnw  bat- 
sdmea  Lin.  Sp.  PI..  P.  Xbies 
baltdmea  Marsh.  Arb.  Amer., 
Abies  Thxi  /dlio.  ^.,  Hort. 
Angl.,  A.  baUanUnea  N.  Du 
Ham.,  A.  balsam^fera  MIchx. 
N.  Amer.SyL :  Balsam  Fir  :  le 
Bourne  de  GiKad,leSapin  Ban- 
mier  de  OiUad,  Fr.;  Balsam 
Fichte.  Balsam,  Tamtte,  Ger. ; 
Pino  balsamifero,  ItaL 

2  longfolia  Boo^    1044 

7.  (b.)  Fr^iseri     -  1044 

The  doubleBalsamSHTerFlr. — 
P)»vs  Frdserl  Pursh  F7.  Amer. 
Sept.,  Lamb.  Pin.s  A'bOs  Frd- 
seri  Lind,  in  Penn.  Cye, 

C.  Natives  qf  (kdifomfa. 

8.  grindis    -        -  1045 

PifMcs  er6ndis  Dougl.  MSS 
Lamb.  Pin.;  Kbtes  grdndn 
Lindl.  in  Penny  Gvcl.:  the  great 
Catibrnion  Fir. 


9.  am&lnlis    -      -  1046 

Vtnsu  amdbOis  Doug.  MSS. 

10.  n6bili8    '-       -  1047 
TheUrp-bracted  SihrerFfar.-. 

PiisMt  nSbOis  Doug-M&,  Lamb. 
Pte.,  A.  wMBs  UndLin  PennT 
Cjcl.  ' 

11.  bractei^ta        -  1048 

Piniis  frnKfr^a.D.DonlnLin. 
Tk-ans..Lamb.  Pfai.:  P.  twntfsla 
Doug.  In  Oomp.  to  Bot.  Mag. 

D.2teMwt<|fl6sHto. 

12.  religj6sa         .  1040 

PbMSS  religSbsa  Homb.  et 
Kunth  Not.  Gen.  et  Sp.  PI., 
Schiede  et  Deppe  in  Schleebt. 
Linnssa;  Kbies  ret^fitsaUakSL 
in  Penny  Cyd. 

13.  hirt^la    -      -  1050 
A  Met  himaa  LfndL  In  Fumy 

Cyd..  Pbistf  MrtiUa  Humb.  et 
iCunth. 

^.  Natives  <tfN^aL 

14.  Webbitnui       -  1051 

Pbssts  WebtMoAWalLHsLltt., 
Lamb.  Pin.  ed.  9.;  V.speetdbiUs 
Lam.  MonoK;  Abies  WebUintL 
LindL  in  Penny  Cyc,  Royle 
IBust.:  CM&rmr,  and  thePonum, 
or  Purpte-coned  Fir,  hi  the  Hi- 
malayaa. 

15.  Flndrow        -  1052 
TbeTooth-leaTedSilTerFlr.  — 

PiMuPlndffOw  iibMfe  IU.JLamb. 
Pin. ;  TtUus  LambertkhnnlVall 
Cat.  I  Pindrow,  and  sometimet 
Mofiuda,  in  the  HImalayat. 

16.  n&phtha  Hort.  1053 

IV.  IrA^Riz  Tourn.  1053 
The  Larch^-Phms  Lin.  and 
others  ;  Kbies  Rich. ;  MeUxe, 
Fr. ;  Lershenbamn,  Ger.:  Let- 
rice,  ItaL 

1.  enrapfle^a  Dee.    1053 

Vhsus  JArig  Ltai.  Sp.  Ft.; 
AMar  Un.  Hort.  CUE ;  Ldris 
deddua  MUL  Diet. ;  'LdriaJbUo 
dedduo,  Ac,  Bauh.  Hist ;  hdria 
Bauh.  Pin. :  Abies  Larix  Lam. 
niust;  Metize eotmoune,  Fr.; 


LSrdke,  Loreher-Ftehte,  gemd- 
ner  Lerchenbaum,  TSrrfcnMi. 
baum,Eunnfaisehe<;eder,  weiss- 
er  Lerchenbaum,  Qer, 

1  commiknisX^iM.  1054 

2  Uza  Lrnss.       -  1054 

3  eompieta  Laufs.  1054 

4  p^duU  Laws.     1054 

GodsallffG.M.  -      1094 
rdpens  Imws.    -      1054 

5  flore  ri^bro^.  T.1054 

6  ildre  &lbo     -     -  1054 

7  sibfriea    -        .  1054 
L.  sibfriea  Flacfa. 

?  L.  archatigtUea  Laws. 
I*  rdssica  Lab.  in  Hort. 

SocGard. 
PiMM  l^dria  sMrlea  Lod. 
7%e  Btusian  Lareh. 

8  dahikrica    -      -  1055 
L.  dahkrica  Laws.  Mao. 


CONTENTS. 


9  intennddia  •  1065 
JL  rfmii  wWii  Lawt.  Bton. 
PlMHf  imienmediaLoi.  Ct. 

(MAcr  F«rtfriiet    -       -  1066 

2.  ammri^nft  Mx.   1056 

PteM  lor^caM  Du  Roi  HwUl 
«d.  Pot.,  P.  mierooirpa  WUld. 
Baon. ;  ^Mo  iiMBftPMiTaPolr.^ 
Hmekmiatack^  Aner.rramarac*, 
by  the  Dutoi  In  New  Jeney ; 
KpmeUe  rouge  to  Canada. 
1  r&bn       •        .  1056 
L.  mieroeArfa  Laws. 
PlMwmaeftwaypa  Punh 
S'^ateeMr  rM«r,  Canada. 

Sp6Ddula  -         -  1056 
L.  ptndula  Lawi.  Man. 
Vhtmpemdmia  Ait  Hort. 
P.  mttnmidtia  Du  Rot  Hk. 
P.  UkHt  nigra  Manh. 
Arties ptmdulm  Polr.  Dtot. 


L.  froi^ara  Malcolm. 
y.  6^^RD8  ^orr.  1057 

The  Cedar.  — Phmt  Un.  A» 
fMr<,-  A^£m>  Poir.  msarf.  La- 
rur  Toitni.«|Mif/;  Cedre^  Fr. ; 
Cedirr,  Ger.;  Cedro^  Ital. 

1.  Lib^ni  Barr.    -  1057 

PiMu  CMncf  Lto.  Sp.  Fl. ; 
v.  tUUt  faadeui^iy  Ac,  Du 
Rof  Harhk.  ed.  Pott.:  Un> 
Cednu  MiU.  Diet. ;  L^rtr  ori- 
Ai/dlif  Toorn.  lQ0t.{  Qidrut 
m&f^na  Dod.  Pempt.;  C.  co- 
mjtra  Baoh.  Phi. :  C.  nAomlcni 
Reneafan  Sp.;  mnit  Bell. 
It.  I  A'Msf  C^d^w  Polr  Dkt. 
Bncjrc. 

2  fdliis  arg&iteis     1058 
S  nana       -  •  1059 

2.  Deoddra  Roxb.   1059 
The  Indian  Cadar.  —  PImm 

Deodira  Lamb,  Pin.,  A'AiVi 
Deodira  LhuU.  tn  Penny  Cyc. : 
Hevadarot  or  AtNtaro,  Hln- 
dostanee;  Me  taererf  Mdiam 
Fir. 

'  10S9 


VL  Arauca'^iaJ.  1061 

B%u6$ta  Sal.,  Cofymbia  Sal., 
Domb^  Lamb.,  C«pr£inw 
Forat. »  !««  AwMent  i»fiie. 

1.  imbridkta  Pav,    1062 

The  Chill  Pine A.  Domb^ 

Rick.  Mim.  mr  In  Con(f.,  Tt- 
muAramodria  Mol.  Sag.  nilla 
Stor.  Nat  del  Chill,  Colmnbea 
madrifbria  Sallrt>.  hi  Un. 
Trans.,  DomMva  ekUhuit 
Lam.  Bncyc. :  Pino  de  Cbiti, 
Span. ;  Pegktiem  fai  the  Andes ; 
Sir  JoUph  SamJWs  Pime. 


Other  Spedes  ef  AramcMa 

A.  brasWAna  Rich.,  A.  ex- 
c£lsa  Ait.^  and  A.  Cunning. 
Uhnrif  Ait.,  are  hatf-bardy 
species  which  are  figured  and 
oiMcrlbed  to  first  edition. 

VIL  Conningra'm/^. 

PtoM  Lamb.,  BiUa  Salisb. 

1.  sinensis  i2tcA.  •  1065 

The    6rood-leaTed    Chtoese 

Fir — Biiie  Wcmt&bUa  Salisb 


to 

lila  Lamb.  Mom 
AdmU  ttmeftddki  R.  Br., 
edrim  Uinfrotdim  Hort, 

D^MMAJU       orientilis 
Lamb.       •        •  1066 

Tribe  II.  CvnMfmtMM. 

VIII.  TbvjaL.  1068 
The  Arbor  Yltm^-^Tkaga,  or 

Arbre  de  Fir,    Fr. ;    Lebetu- 
bamm,  Oer. ;  7V«i  ml- 

S  i.  TJU>v  verc 

1.  occidentalis  L,    1068 

The  American  Arbor  Vltc. 
-TM|/a  Tkeopkraea  Bomb. 
Pin.,  A'rbor  Hue  Clus.  Hist. : 
tebUe  Cedar.  Amer.,  Cidre 
amirieain,  Cedre  bUme,  Arbre 
de  Vie,  Fr. ;  gemeiner  LebenS' 
baum,  Ger.;  Atbero  de  ytta, 
Ital. 

a  Tari^ta  Monk.  1069 
T.  cfilne  mriegdtie  Lod. 

2.  (o.)  plic^ta  Dmm  1069 
Nee'e  Arbor  FIfav. 

3.  chil^nsis  ZoiTi^.    1070 

Cmprieems  tMfoida  Pavon 
MSS. 

iH  Bidta. 

4.  orientiilis  Ir.    •  1070 

The  Chinese  Arbor  Film. 

2  stricta  Hort,     -  1070 
T.  p^amiddUt  Baum. 

3  tat^rica    -         -  1070 
T.  tatArica  Lod.  Cat. 

T.  WarebiM  Sooth  Cai, 

§  iii.    CjfpaHs9a. 

Tender  Speeiee.  —  T.  cunras- 
sfildesZT.,  r.  pfosUls  L.  1071 

5.  p^ndula  I#am6.  1071 
?  T.  flli/6rmis  Lodd.,  ?  Jii. 

nlpermJlageU(f6rmis  Hort. 

Ot*«r  Sfvri'et.  —  T.  filirSrmls 
Lodd.  (?  T.  ptndnia  Lamb.), 
r.  dolabrdta  L.      -       .  1071 

IX.  Ca'llitris  v.  1072 

T^IMa,  part  qf,  Lin. ;  Avsn^- 
Oa  MSbelMhn.  biui. 

1.  quadrivilvisFipn.  1072 

T/k^fa  articuldta  Desf.  All. 
Arb.  et  Arbriss.,  Cmpriuuior' 
Ueutdia  Pin.  Wob. 

Other  Speeiee  qf  CiOitris — C. 
Fothergllli  (?  Cuprietm  Fo. 
thergila),  C.  triquetra  (Cm. 
prttnu  triquetra  Lodd.  Cat. 
1886),  C  cupressifdnnisrcn/., 
C.  maerostachya  Hort.     1072 

X.  Cuprb'ssus  L,  1073 

The  Cypress.— CjKpr^'i  Fr. ; 
Cupretee,  Ger. ;  Cipreuo,  Ital. ; 
aproite.  Port;  ^fproe,  Hun- 
gulan. 

1.  sempenrlrens  2^.  1073 

The  common  Cypress. —  C. 
puramiddUe  Hort.,  ?  C.  /a$^ 
deidta  Hort.  ft  Pfo.  Wob.: 
(^rie  pyramided,  Cffprie  or- 
dinaire,  rr. ;  getneine  Cgpree. 
c  4 


Gmr.:  A^/telteiCJr- 


1  strfetalliS.  i>tet  1073 

C^«  male,  Fr. 
8  horizontalisMI/.  1073 

C.  horHumidlte  N.  Du  U. 

C.  eapinea  Hort.  Par. 

CiqMiesfojQnNAie,  ital. 

2.  <h)Foides  Z..  -  1074 
The  White  Cedar.  —  TA^ 

ephderciddUg  Rich.  Hbm.  ear 

Conif. :  CgprisUnut  Tkttfa,  Fr. 

8  ioHis  vanegitia    1075 

S  nAoa  JETort.         -  1075 

3.  lusitiunica  7\Mini.l075 

The  Cedar  of  Goa.-.C.  gim^en 
Brot.  Fl.  Lus..  C.  pindula 
L*H6rH.  Stirp.  Nov.:  Cedar ^ 
Bmsacoj  C.ptnduia  Thunb., 
Lamb.  Pin.,  Is  supposed  to  be  a 
dlifcrent  plant. 

4.  tonilosa  Lamb.    1076 

The  Bhokm  Cgpreu, 

5.  p^ndula  Thunb,  1076 
Fi-moro,  Ksnnpf.  Amma. 

Other  Kind$qfCupr(seut,*ome 
^  which  have  been  introduced, 

but  qf  which  Utile  it  known 

C  horisontiUs  Audibert,  C, 
thvrUera  H.  B.  et  K.,  C. 
TournefOrttf  Audlbert,  C. 
baccif«rmts  WiUd.,  C.  aus. 
trills  Pert,,  C.  fabinSldes 
H.  B.  et  K.,  a  Coultdrtf  Pto. 
Wob.  (?  C.  thurt^ra  H.  B. 
et  K.),  C.  futigiita  Hort.Pin, 
Wob.,Gard.  Mag.  {Jtmiperue 
fottigldta  Hort)   .       .  1077 

XL  Taxo^icm  R,  1077 

The  deciduous  Cypress.— 
Ctv^r^stM  L.,  SchubbrhnMirb,, 
CondgloeArput  Salisb. 

1.  distichum  Bich,  1078 
CiwrtsflMf  dRtHcha  Lin.  Sp. 
PI.,  Pursh  Flor.  Amer.  Sept , 
C.  amenedna  Cat.  Carol.,  C. 
virgiMdna  Comm.  Hort., 
Sdl«6#r(ia  Sttieha  Mirb.  :  baid 
ClfPrett,  Cjfpreu,  Amer.;  CJpr- 
pret  ehauve,  Fr.  ;  Zwejpieil^ 
Cuprette,  Oer.  j  CIpretto  g€ig- 
gia,  Ital. 

1  p4tens  AiLffort,  1078 

2niitaDaAit.       -   1078 

T.  d  o6ndula  Loud.  H.  B. 

S  exc^Isum  Booth    1078 

4  sindnse    -        -  1078 
7*.  tiufnte  Noisette. 

5  pendulum        -  1078 

T.  t&iSn$ep(ndulumBoirt. 

Other  Speeiee  qf  Taebdium,  — 
T.  semperTlrms  Lamb.  1060 

XII.  JUNI'PBRUSZ.  1080 
The  Juniper. — SnUnaBauh.; 
CMfms  Toum. :  Oeniwrier, 
Fr. ;  IVachhoUer,  Ger. ;  Glue- 
pro,  Ital. 

§  i.  Oxycedri.  —  Leaves 
epreading  in  tka  adult 
BanU.  D.  Don. 

A.  Nativet  qf  Europe, 

1.  commiknisX.  •  1081 
J.  vuigdrie,  Ac.,  Rail  Syn. ; 


Ui 


CONTENTS. 


J.  minor  Fuchs  HIct. :  OenSv' 
Tier  commun,  Fr. ;  gemeimer 
fVaekho/der,  Oer. ;  Ginepro 
mero,  Itai. 

1  vul^rU  i^rik.  r.  1081 
J.  v.fruticdM  Baub.Pin. 
J.  c  ericti*  Purth  Flor. 

Amer.  Sept. 

2  su^cica  Ait.Hori.  1081 
?  J.  e.  fattigiitta  Dec  Mou. 

Itn's  Cat.  dec  PUntesde 

la  Dordogne. 
J.  ttrieta  Hort. 
J.  $tiia'ea  MllL  Diet. 
J.  vtUgdrit  Arbor  Baoh. 
The  Tree  Juniper, 

3  n&na  WiM,  Sp,  1081 
J.  oomm^i*  ^  Fl.  Br. 

J.  c.  tag&tilii  Pall.  Rom. 

J.  aUma  Rail  Sjn. 

J.  a^na  minor  Ger. 

J.   minor  monidnat   ^» 
Bauh.  Pin. 

J.  nina  Smith  Engl.  Flor. 

J.  tMriea  Hort. 

J.  dSAr^ea  Hort.  &  Booth. 

J.  c.  wumtdiut  Alt.  Hort. 
Kew. 
4obl6nga  -         -  108S 

J.  oU^a  Hort. 
5  p^dula  -         -  1082 
6canad^nau         -  1082 

J.  eanadtnsii  Lodd.  Cat. 
7  depr^tssa  Pwr»h     1082 
0<*er  Varietiei  •       -  106S 

2.  Ox^cedrus  i.  -  1083 

The  brown-berried  Juniper. 
—  J.  m^or  Cam.  Spit. ;  J.  m. 
monapeliiruium  Iiob.  Ic.  t  J. 
phceniceat  Sfc,  J.  Bauh.  Hlit. ; 
J.  m4for,  ^c,  C.  Bauh. «  C^- 
drtu  pkcnucea^  Matth.  Valgr.t 
Ox^oedrui  Clus.  Hlft.;  O. 
pkamtcea  Dod.  Pempt. :  tke 
Prickly  Cedar :  ie  Cade,  FT. ; 
SjBom'Mche  IVackholder,  Ger.; 
Cedro  Fenieio,  Ital. 

2  Udrioai  Hort.     -  1083 

3.  macrocirpa  S,      1083 

?  J.  OM^eedrtu  var. ;  J.  me^for, 
baccd  atrmled,  Toum.  Inat. 

B.  Native  qf  Asia. 

4.  drupkcea  Lab,      1084< 
The  larffo-frulted  Jonlper.— 

J.m4for  BellonOba. 


C.  Native  qfN.  America. 

5.  yirginiana  L.  -  1084 
The  Red  Cedar.— J.  m^or 
ameHciina  Rail  HUt. ;  J. 
m&ithna,  ^.,  Sloan  ;  Ginepro 
di  Virg^Ua. 

2  hiimUis  XmU.  C.  1084 

3  caroliniAna       -  1084 
J.    earoUnidtna  Du  Roi 

Mill.  Diet. 
Other  Varietiei    -       -  lOM 


and  J.  n 


palfensifl  Kor<.  (Cflwr^ntf  ne- 
paUneit  Hort.)  are  described  ht 
our  first  edition. 

$  it  SaUiue.  —  LeaoeM  of 
the  adult  Plant  imbri- 
cated,   D.  Don. 

A.    Nativet  qfSmnpe, 

6.  SMns,     -        -  1085 
The  oommon  Sarin.— £aArii»«, 

Fr. ;  ttMcender  fVadiholder, 
Ger. ;  Planta  damnata  and 
Cipreg$o  des  Ma^hi^  Ital. 

1  cupressifolia  i4t<.^.£^ 
J.  lutilSn/ca  Hill.  Diet. 
SaMMa  Dod.  Pempt. 

La  Sabine  mfU,  Fr. 

2  /amariflclfolia  ^tf. 
J.  Sa»faui  Mill.  Diet. 
La  Sabine  ,femeUe. 

S  fdliis  variegitis  Mart, 

4pro8trita  -  1086 

J.  prostrdta  Mz.; 
J.  repent  Nutt. 
J.AiMffdiM«aLodd.Cat. 

5  alplna     -  -  1086 

J.  alphta  Lodd.  C«t. 

7.  phoenicea  L.     -  1087 

Cidrtu  phcenieea  media  Lob. 
leoun  OtiieedrMt  Ipda  Dod. 
Pempt.:  GenivrierdePhSnicie, 
Fr. ;  dichtnadliger  Wachholder, 
Ger. ;  CWfro  iiefo,  Ital. 

8.  (p.)  1/cia  L.    -  1087 

J.  p.  ^  £^d)a  K.  Du  Ham. : 
Cipre$9m  Waehholder,  Oer. 

9.  thuHfera  X.  -  1088 
SpcnUh  Juniper.  — J.  hitpd' 


nien  Milt.  Diet. ;  (^Sdrm  hitpd- 
nica^  ^.f  Toum.  Intt. 

B.    Nativet  </  Atta. 

10.  excelsa  Willd.    1088 
J.  SoftiiM  var.  PalL  Boat. ; 

Himaiaifa  Cedar-vrood, 

11.  squamiita  Don,  1088 

The     creeping    Cedar.— J. 
tquam&$a  Wall. 

12.  rec6rva  .ETom.     1089 

13.  chin^nsis  L.   -  1089 

?  J.  c.  SmAAU  ilrft.  IMT.  ed,  1 . 

14.  uviferaD.  Zhn  1089 

OlA«r  Species  cf  ivmiperut,  qf 
recent  Introduction^  but  qT 
whteh  little  it  known.  —  J. 
tetrag&na  H.  B.  et  K.,  J. 
fl^ccfila  Schiede,  J.dealbiU 
Hort.,  J.flagellifihrmis  Aort ,  J. 
KOMainthinea  Hort.,  J.  Bed- 
tordf  dfiAHort.,  J.  Hadsoo/dmi 
Pin.Wob.,  J.  barbad^nsis  L., 
J.  hemisplM^rica  Pral  .  1069 

'Eanpetrdcea. 
L^mpet&umX.  •  1091 

The  Crowberry. 

1.  nigrum  L,        -  1091 

The  Crakeberrj.  — fLrica  coe- 
Mlera  proeSmbent  Ger.  Emac, 
E.  Cdrit  JdUo  mndetfma  Cius. 
Hist. 

2  8c6ticum  Hook,  -  1091 

2.  rJibruiD  Ir.        -  1091 

Cranberrtf  <^  Staten  Ittand 

3.  Conrada  Torrcy  1092 

II.  Corb'm  A  2>J>(m  1092 
B'fMpflfmm,  inpmrtf  L 

l.&Iba  2>.2>on     -  1092 

U'mpetmm  Mmn  Lin.  Sp.; 
S.te«Miitfctpn,^c.,Tonr.  Inst.; 
Erica  erictitt  ^.,  Bauh.  Pin. ; 
the  whiU.berried  Heath,  Por- 
tmgal  Crakeherr^. 

III.  Cerati\>la  -  1092 
l.mcoMes  .       .  1093 


Class  II.     ENDO'GENiE. 


^mildcea. 
I.  SuiuiTi  L.      -  1093 

Smilae  Fr.  and  Oer:  SmOace, 
Ital. 

^  1.   Stems  priekfy  and  an- 
gtdar, 

1.  4spera  Xr.  -      -  1094 
Rough     Bindweed.  —  Ro)go 
acerbone,  Ital. 

2  auricuUta  Ait,  -  1094 

3  mauritinica      •  1094 
S.  mamritanica  Poir. 


2.  excelsa  Ir.  -      -  1094 

S.  orientdlit,  4c.,Toum.Cor.» 
Bux.  Cent. ;  8.  dtpera  Alp. 
^gypt.  ed.  9. 

3  rubens  JVats.    -  1094 

4.  SartaparUta  L.  -  1095 
S.  pemviitna  SarsaparlllaG^r. 

Emaci  S.  glaica  Mx.Walt.,  Fl. 
Car.  :  the  glancout^ieaved  SnU- 
ioji:  Saltapariglia,  Ital. 

5.  hastlita  fViOd,  -  1095 
S.BdiiaHsar  Mx.  Fl.  Amer. 

5.  htpera  var.  Lam.  En^e. 

6.  Watsont  Swt.  -  1095 
S.  longifMa  WaU.  Den.  Brit, 


S.  h.  3  laneeoUUa  Axb.  Brit. 
ed.1. 

7.  Walteni  Pursh     1095 

S.  aOna  Walt.  FL  Car. 

8.  maculata  Roxb.    1096 

§  ii.  Stem$  priekfy,  round, 

9.  China  L.    -     -  1096 

C^hta  rdduf  Bauh.  Pin.; 
SmUoMStperaminorTXvaxi.  Ie.; 
SaiiUra  vufgo  Quaguara,  *e., 
Ksempf.  Amoen.  Ex.  :  Cena 
genMa,  Ital. 

10.  rotundifolia  L.  1096 


CONTENTS. 


Ivii 


U.laimmmL.    -  1096 

S.  altera,  fc.  Flam.  Ic, ;  S. 
ItfvA,^..  Catesb.  Car. 

12.  temndides  L.  -  1096 
8.  "Brpdmue  i^gnv,  ^c.  Cat. 

Car. 

13.  cadikca  Zr.       -  1097 

14.  glauca  iSbu     -  1097 

$  iu.   Stenu    unarmedt   4- 
anffled, 

15.  PdnnrD^x  Zr.     1097 

Tlie  dliated-leared  Stnllax. 
«  S.  Sspera  Fmdim  oeddaUdUt 
Bauh.  Pin.,  8.  wariegita  Wall. 

16.  latifolia  i2.  ^r.  1097 

17.  quadraogul^s  1097 

la  lanceoUta  Zr.  -  109& 

8.mm-tpiiti$a,^e.^  Cat.  Car. 

19.  yirainiana  Jfi//.  1098 

20.  pabera  Ffi^.  -  1098 

S.j>ftwitfaWalt.Car. 

KhtdtqfSmUax  which  are  eHker 
molH»trodmeed,orvf  which  we 
htn/enotieenthe  PiamU.'-  S, 
orita  Pmr$h  Fl.  Amer.  Sept., 
8,  ilba  PwrrA,  &  panduriu 
iPiinA,  5.  nigra  W.,  S.  caUM- 
nica  Poir.^  8.  hdrrlda  Do/l, 
5.  ymSadda  Ham.  (S.  hm- 
croph^Ua  Roxb.),  S.  alplna 
IT.         ....  l098 

I.  Au'sctis  Z.  -  1099 
ThA  Biitchar't  Broon.— A'o. 


Fr. ;   JfiifliMEKdni,  Oer. ; 
■WD,  Ital. 

1.  aculeatus  L,     -  1099 

R.  mprtipOius  aeuledltu  Tour. 
Inst. :  Bo*  BoUm^  Knee  HoU^, 
tnUMwrtie,  pr*chl^  Peitfgree : 
Bout  FireUm,  petit  HouXy  Bwis 
piquant,  Fragon  SpHteug,  Pra- 
gtm  piquantj,  Fr.;  Steehender 
liautedom.  Get. ;  BuecOt  Ital. 

3  rotuodifoliiu  -  1099 
R.  9ul,JU.amptiifre  Dill. 

3  l&sus  Smiih  -  1099 
R. /OMU  Lodd.  Cat. 

2.  hypophyllum  L.  1 100 

The  broadf-leared  Butcher's 
Broom.  —  R.  laijfblru$,  ^c, 
Toum.  lost. ;  Laum$  eiexam- 
drhuk  Lob.  Adv.:  Fragon  »an» 
FbUole,  Fr. :  breiAiSittriger 
aaueedom.  Get,  %  BotmtfatxiOt 
Ital. 

StrifolUtum  -  1100 
R.  trifbuatus  MIU.  Diet. 

3.  (h.)  //ypoglossum  1 100 

The  double-IeaTed  Butcher's 
Broom.  — R.  angu»t(fbliu$^  4pc., 
Toum.  Inst. ;  HupoMlSuum 
Lob.  Adv.,  UvuiHrta  Brunf. : 
Fragon  A  FoUoUt  Fr. ;  Zungen 
Mausedom,  Ger. ;  Lingua  pa* 
gaua,  Ital. 


4.  racemdsus  Zr.   -  1101 

The  Alexandria  Laurel. — R. 
angustiftUue^  frictu  etmmit 
rdmuUs,  hfc,  Toum.  Inst.  : 
^agon  d  urappes,  Fr. ;  lyau- 
ben  MSueedom,  Oer.;  Lauro 
AIM,  Ital. 

IL    YlfCCAL.       -   1101 
The  Adam's  Needle. 


l.glondsa  L,       -  1101 

Y.  eanadetta  Aid.  Hort.  Par.  i 
Y.  indiea,  ^c..  Barr.  Rar. ;  Y. 
peruana  Ger.  Emac. ;  Y.  ndea 
gtoriosot  ^c.  Lob.  Adv. :  the 
euperb  Yueea :  Yucca  nain, 
Yaeca  d  Feuitles  entiiree^  Fr. ; 
pr'dchtiger.  Yueca^  Ger. 

2  idliis  varieg.  LotL  1 102 

2.  (g.)  Bup^rba     -  1 102 
Y.  gktribea  Andr.  Bot.  Rep. 

3.  aloTfolia  L.       -  1 102 

Y.  arboritceniy  Ae.,  Dill. 
Elth.  I  Y.  cauUeeem  Mx.  Fl. 
Bor.  Amer. 

2  p6iiduUi  Cat,  Hrt,  1 102 

4.  dracdnis  Z/.      -1103 
The  drooplng-leaTed  Adam's 

Needle. — Uraconi  irbori,  tc . 
Bauh.  Fin. 

5.  stricta^bw       -  1103 
Lpon*s  narrow  tetnedAdam*9 

Needle, 

6.  recurvifdlia  SaSg.  1 103 
Y.  recArwa  Hort. 

7.  filamentosa      -  1 103 

The  threadr  Adam's  Needle. 
«  Y.  jiUiie  fliamenidtie  Bforls. 
Hist ;  Y.  nirgintdna,  %e.,  Pluk. 
Aim. 

8.  (f.)  angustif^^lia    1104 

9.  fl^cida  Haw,  -1104 

10.  glauc^scens  H,  1 104 


SUPPLEMENTARY  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES, 

AND  SYN0NYME8. 


KanunculdceiB. 

Clbxati'dxjb. 

Cle^matis. 
calif<SniicaG.Jf.llll 

ilTRA'GBNE. 

macropetala  Led.  1111 

Illi^cium. 
rel'igi68uiniSSur6.?llll 

SMM;  Japan. 

MagnaHacem. 

Maono\./j. 
gnindifldra  var.  H6r- 
wicus  Hort.  -  1 1 1 1 
piir)[>iirea  tur.  hybrida 

-  nil 


Berberaceae. 

BsfBBBBIS, 

yulg&ris  fol.  purpikreis 
Hori.    .        -  1111 

p&llida     -        -  1111 

B&rberls  pdOMs  Hartw. 

gracilis     -        -  1111 
B.  grieiUs  Haxtw. 

trifoli&ta  -        -  1111 

B.  trifiOitUa  Hartw. 

lanceolAtum      -  1112 

B.  kmceoUttum  Benth. 


lunmrea  v 
Hori.    . 


angUBtifdlia       -  1112 
B.  aiig«il(^da^  Hartw. 

Hartwegti         -  1112 

B.  Hartw^  Benth. 


Aurantihcem. 

LlMO^NIA. 

\jBmhQ\2L  WaU.     1112 

lis^periciUieiB* 

ZTypb'ricum. 
rosmarinifolium    1 1 12 

Iseviktum  Wall.  1112 
c61cnicum  Hrtwit,  1112 
c61chicuin  var.  rikbrum 
Booth  .  .  1112 
carap^tre  ri^bris  1 1 12 
c.  heterocdrpum  1 1 12 
glabram  7^.4-6^.1 112 
tripartitum  NuU.  1112 
grandidentktum    1112 


Inii 


CONTENTS. 


JEsad&cea. 

J^SCULUS. 

(H.)  nibic6nda    1113 

CappariddcecB. 

Iso'mbris. 
arbdrea  ^t(<r.    -  1113 

Vitdce<E, 

Eannt&liBL  Rovle   1113 
eteroph^lla5.?lll3 

Aquifblidcea, 

ilquif.  pendulum  1 1 13 

Iatif61ia  ^or^.   -  1113 
?  I.  hntr^NIa  Hart. 

TUiamnck:ede. 

a.  2  interu^ius  1113 

IZha^mnus. 
Wicklius  Joe?.     1113 
jprunifblius  Booth  11 13 

Anacardtdcece. 

longifdlia  Hor/.     1113 
Legumindsa, 

[?  japonica]  graodifldra 

Hort.    -        -  1114 

jap.  pub^Bcens  ^.  1 1 14 

(rBNl'STA. 

thyrsifl6ra  i^ooM  1114 

Indioo'fera. 

Depalensis  Hort*  1 1 14 

Caraga'na, 

Gerardidna  Royl.  1114 
Tartaric  Pmne. 

ilSTRA^GALUS. 

fruticdsus  Dec.     1 1 14 
lomfneus  J9tf'<r.  -  1114 

Rosdce^. 
Pallastt  Ledeb.     1 1 14 

a.  pedanaOita  FidlM. 

MumeSiOu      -  1114 

L».  oar.  c6Icbica    1 1 14 
L.tMir.£mm/&'(?)l]l4 
^pira'a. 

fissnIAndl.        -  1114 
lanceoUUa  Poir.    1114 

S.  A^vmULiu  fibrt. 

rotundifdIiaX«uf.  1114 

tiVTTA'VLTA. 

cenwifdrmis  Tor,  1 1  Id 


lasioc&rpua  i2<ny/.  1115 
trflobuB  Dec,    -  1115 

CratjeHius. 

Oxvac.  oxyph^lla  1115 

O.  nructucocciDeoll  15 

Pyracfr.&Ib.  ^.1115 

rivuIiUia  r.  <^  6.  1115 

coccfnea  vMiidiB  1115 

c.  var.jDopulif61ia  11 15 

c.  var,  oliff&ndra  1115 

c.  var,  mollis     -  1115 

arbordscens  7br.  1115 

aestivMis  T,  etO.  II 15 
C.  opdea  Hook. 

&T6mf61ia  7\iit.  1 1 15 

Cotonea'ster. 
hacmnBWaU.     1115 

Amkla'nchieb, 

(y.)  ovalis  2  subcor- 
data     -        -  1115 

FetramHetovdliiiuboonUUa 
Jacquln. 

PY^fJB, 

heterophylla  i?.  1115 

Philadelp/idcece. 
Philade'lphus. 
mexidlnus  BeiUh.  1115 

Grossuldcea. 
Risers, 
tauricum  Jacqum  1110 

AralidcecB^ 
He'devla, 

HeUiL  var.  taurica  1110 

Car7idce4B. 
Co'rnus. 
gHindis  BeM.  -  1116 
macroph^naFFa//.1116 

SambiicecB* 
Tibu'rnum. 
Awaf uki  Sieb.?    1110 

?V.j^pdiw'cMmHoit. 

ain6n8e  Zeyh.  •  1116 

MuUahaUBm.     1116 
V.  sleOmldium  Wall. 

pygms^  Royle     1116 

Lonicerees. 

LONI'CBR^. 

cilidsa  Poir.       -  1116 

ilRCTOST  a'PHT  LOS. 

p6ngens  H.ei  i^.  1116 
niUdA  Benih.    .1116 

PERNBtTTi*. 

angustiiblia  lind/.!  1 16 
i>.  fJ^a^re^ffWa  Hort. 


^lOUlSTRUM. 

Dflpal^Dse  -  1116 

L.  veHttwm  Wall. 

SYRfNOA. 

Embdi      •        -  1117 
8.iiMMMiWaa. 

Volygondcecs. 
Polt'oonum. 
volc&nicum  J^^n.  1117 

Afc/epjodaceae. 

MoRRB>l/il. 

odorata  X^mi;.  -  1117 
Solani^ea^ 

imbriditai?.tf<P.1117 
Thymditceai. 

i>A'PHNB. 

Audd&ndttLindLlin 

^EUeagnhceie. 
Elma^gkvb, 
parvmitLRoyle   1117 

Vlm&cea. 
Spo^ia. 
can^scens  jET.^  i^.l  1 17 

cutis  emU$oen$  H.  et  B. 
^'LNUS. 

denticulkta2i|fM.1117 
BWtvi*a. 
mdllis  lind/.     -  1117 

Corylhcea. 
Qub'rcus. 
riexBaOdta    -  1117 
lan^ta       -        -  1117 

Q.  mqtaUfufs. 

Skfnneri  Benth.   1117 

pyren^ca-  -  1118 
pann6nica  ^ooM  1118 
riibn,  -  -  1118 
r.  feraxaciftlia  ^.1118 
Parous. 
syMtka  -  -  1118 
8.  9oochlektai7. 1118 

Platandcea, 
Platanus. 
[occidentiUiB]    hetero- 
phyila  Hort.     1 1 18 

Conifiara. 

Pianos. 
oocarpoldes      «  1118 

Taxo^oium, 
distich,  nucifenim  1118 

Tdnu  mm^erm  Hoit. 


AN  ANALYSIS 


COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS  OF  BRITAIN, 

REFERENCE  TO  THEIR  USES  IN  PLANTATIONS. 


l._^Ksldi  tUppottitniiB,  IM.  Cinhn  Maim,  SI*.  On*  Oba,  n*. 
>UiMttK«>ll.  FUatttt-ta^got.  MllMB«c«IAir,  at.  J^SaTrtrim, 
',    PUmns  Bld4rd/.  fU.     /UUdib  orinUUta,  F.  iwifH.wilfa.  an.     f^tuSS 

t,  r.aamitBt,  F.aia.  F.aaiUaat.  r.nooatian,  P.ltiiUM*,  iBiT^ 

niHu,«n.  fiutRU  prfnieoWtt.  fl.  ■■ilHlllnm,  fl.  (Vnlt.  Q-rtEn.  O.  cootea, 
Hd  Q.  pildMil*.  MS.    TuMIn  dlnkliun.  lOTT.    rate  oinna'a,  M.  PtBiii  c» 
piUrU,  [r.iKmaiiMTt«Mk.*DdsUHrnrlMI«Drip*dHii(I%iii.TI». 
p.  I,uldo.  p.  Piltuidu,  ukL  P-  Piakuet.  9A0. 
MUdlii-dinl  tlster  t»«. 

i>«M.— ^'cFT^iuuSUt*.  A.  ertDdrpum,  ud  ^.  r«br^,n.  A'^am  floUatH,  ^.  Id. 
idna.  ud  J.  eordirbLU,  sn.  BttiiUfmpjTiBim,sn.  Ctnvii  (flTMrta.  uid  C.mlcirU, 
ns.  VitiTi lolctita. 9I».  rOiHil'iibiauinjIen.SIS.  ftnn miniflBli. tad fTtof. 
mhiUU.  4tT.     OoCnni  B-Kulla,  RM.     RaWD^  ftBii-Actiit,  «l. 

—      /lax  ^ilullttlltDB,  IH.     Jaatfm  ftmlaUu,  ion.     PfaM 


Cftltm,  til.    Urj^  lou.    Qntiau.  M 


Mt.-A-blm.  wU  ttw  ipndH.  KM.    oAmt,  JlMT.    nam  ION'    nim,  mo.     IPtam, 

and.  In  iboR,  SHHt  tnm.  TIS. 

-    -  .l^KoTi^  iM.  ^rpiaiii,  lie.   nru.  MJT  MUi,  Td: 


'DrtiU^-.(niM>,ai.    SU1.IM.    MpohB,!!*.   .f  Huln*,  IM.    UriodlDdjnii, te, 

j^KM.'—jfea-.TV.  ^iUbIu.  IW.  fii(iite,S)T.  OkpfamiilM.  Clrr>,T«>.  Outloai 
111.  aWt,  TSa.  Mfiu,  sot.  AtllaOL  CN,  OlsdttKfais,  tb.  AgluL  W 
0^rT«.*l>.  rMHra.m.  /tUuiu,  BIT.  Sulh^lM.  BeUaU,  m.  flnmi.Tll. 


ix  ANALYSIS    OF   THE    COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS, 

Very  hard,  compact,  and  durable  woods. 

Z)0eitf.— Cvratus.  176.  Ck-atc'giu,  ass.  CfUsus  Labdmum,  S13.  Aateymns,  149.  Pr^niu, 

870.    i>j^ritt,417.    Robinui,  S33. 
£v.— inixut,703.     Cupr^Miu,  1073.     Tlex,  166.     Junfperas,  1080.    PhillfTaa,681. 
rbiaja,I068. 
lletioous  irooda. 

Z)ecid— Llrix,  1063. 

E9 il'biet.  1036.    CMnu,1067.    Picea,  1036.    Pfauu,  950. 

Seiectedjbr  ike  ekaraeter  qftke  Head. 
For  its  general  bulk. 

Dectd.  ->  if'cer  PseHdo-PULtanua,  and  A,  obtusitum,  79.   JB'tcului  HimooAitanani,  194. 
Ciri>lnof^£taIus,916.   .FIgus  < jIviUea,  906.   Liriz  europs'a,  1058.  Pteului,  mott  of 
the  species,  819.    ^fircua  C%rris,  846.    5Mlx,  sereral  species,  744.    Tilia  eui opnVi, 
63.    V'lmus,  most  of  the  species,  7 1 5. 
Bv.  —  PInus  sylTistrls,  P.  Larf do,  P.  Pin4ster,  and  P.  Pallssrttiff,  960. 
For  iU  upright  habit. 

Deeid.~-.J'lBva  glutlndsa  ladoUta.  839.     P6pulus  ftstlglkta,  and  P.monlUfetm,  819. 

Qujrcus  C6rrls»  846.     l/lmus  camp^trls  strtcta,  716. 
S9.  ^  J 'blea,  1096.    Pfoea,  1086.    PInus,  960. 
For  Its  spreadlDff  habit. 

Deeid &stiDeaT6sca,911.    Agus  sjrlT&ttca,  906.     Aixinui  excfisior,  689.  Hulrcus 

pedunculkta,  846.    I7'lmus  montina,  716. 

Sciected  toilk  a  view  to  ike  prodttetion  qf  Sketter. 
For  general  purposes. 

Deeid if*cer  Psehdo-Plitanus.  79.      Cirptnos  Mtulus,  916.     PIgus  sylv&tica,  906. 

X^rix  europa'a,  1063.    Pdpulus  iOba,  619.    P^rut  ^*i1a,  417.    C7*lmui  monttoa,  715. 
Plnus  sylv^stris,  960. 
For  draaring  up  voung  plantations. 

Deeid.— E^vla,  41ba,  837.     lArix  europa'a,  1063.     Pl^rus  aocupiria,  417.      Pdpulus 

balsamifera,  and  P.  cAndlcans,  819. 
£tr.— y|  bies  exc^isa,  103&    Plnus  sylvterls,  960. 
For  protection  from  the  sea  broete. 

J}ecid if'cer  Pseiulo-Plitanus.  79.      /#ipp4phae  Rhamn^Hdes,  098.      P6pulus  ilba, 

P^rus  itf'ria,  417.    Aunbticus  nigra,  613. 

Seleetedjbr  the  produetion  qf  Shade, 
For  shade  in  summer  only. 

Most  deciduous  species. 
For  shade  in  summer  and  winter. 
Most  evergreen  species. 

Selected  a*  adapted  for  particular  Sad. 
For  dry  poor  soils. 

Deeid Aiiantm  glandulbsa.  146.    JSiftula  41ba,  887.    CKrpfaius  Bitulus,  916.    Cfirasos 

Tulgaris.  and  C.  sylvfistrls,  876.  Agus  sylritica,  906.  Gledftschni  trlacinthos,  949. 
Alppdphae  Rhamnoktes.  G98.  Lirix  europse^a,  1068.  P^rus  J^tiM,  and  P.  aucupilrla, 
417.    Roblnia.Psehdo  AAci^  983. 

Ev Pinos  sylT6strls,  P.  Plnister,  and  P.  austrlaca,  96a 

For  moist  soils. 

Deeid >l*cer  eriocftrpum,  and  A.  r&brum,  79.    Jinui  glutlndaa,  838.    PlitanttS  ood* 

dent&lis,  997.    P6pulus,  819.    fi;ilix,744. 
l?v.  —  il'bles  commhnis,  1036. 
For  peaty  toils. 

Deeid 2%tula  41ba,  837.  Pdpulus  trtoula,  and  P.  balsamffera,  819.  AUx  ciprea,  744. 

Ev.  ~-  il  *bies  commhnis,  1086. 
For  good  deep  soil. 

Deeid ifi'sculus  HIppoc&stanum,  184.  Cirya  41ba,  785.  OutineaT£sea,91l.  J&glans 

rigla,  789.  Pdpulus,  most  of  the  species,  819.  Quircus,  most  spedea,  846.  Silix,  744. 
£/amus»  716. 

Selected  at  adapted  for  partiemiar  Situatiomt. 
On  elevated  surfaces. 

Deeid.  —  BHaU  £lba,  837.    Pl^ms  if 'ria,  and  P.  aoeupiila,  417.     5ambluns  nigra,  513. 
Ev. — Phius  sylT6stris,  and  P.  Ctmbrat  960. 
Sheltered  by  houses. 

I>MtfA  — yf'cerPsehdo-Plitanus,  79.     Plitanus,  937.     Pftpulus  CutlgiAta,  819.     TVUa 
europie^a,  63.    l/'lmus  camp^stris,  716. 
Exposed  to  the  sea  breese. 

Deeid  —  if 'cer  Psehdo-P14tanus,  79.  filppdphaS  RhamifGldes,  696.  Pdpuloa  Alba,  819. 
Pj^rus  if'ria,  417.    Sunbhcus  nigra,  618. 

Seeded  for  being  grotm  for  eaea'al  Purposes. 

For  produdng  an  Immemate  screen,  so  dense  as  to  Interrupt  the  rfew. 

Dead if  oer  Pse<ldo-P14tanus,  79.    .^sculus  Hippocistanum,  194.    Cirptnos  Btta^ 

lus,  916.    PigM  sylTitlca,  906.     Tllla  europa»'a,  68.    C7'lmus  camp£stris   and  U, 
montdna,  716. 
J?e.— if^bies  exc6Isa,  1096.    Plnus  sylristris,    P.  Lartdo,  and  P.  Plnister,  960. 
Partially  to  interrupt  the  view. 

2>«eM:—3ttuIa  ilba,  887.  CSIrasus  syWfistris,  876.  AAxinus  excelsior,  689.    GleditscUki 
trlacinthos,  949.    P6pulus  tr^mula  and  P.  grs^  ca,  819.  RobfnAi  Pseud-^cAda,  888. 
For  producing  timber  In  hedgerows. 

Dtfefd^-if  ^cer  Fseado-/*litanus,  79.    Aildntus  glanduldsa,  145.    Cirya  ilba,  786l  CSu- 
tiUiea  visea,  911.     P^rus   oomm&nis,  417.    Qu£rcus  pedunculita.   Q.  sessUillbra, 
Q.  Cirris,  Q.  hibra,  Q.  ooodnea,  and    Q.  paldstrls,  84&      f/lroos  campietris,  715. 
For  forming  aTenues. 

J>«eML— if 'cer  Psehdo-Plitanus,  79.  iB'sculus  Hippocistanum,  194.  Cirpinus  Ji§tulus 
916.  Oirya  ilba,  736.  OutineaTesca,911.  C6rasus  sylr^stris,  and  C.  TulgAris,  876. 
FSIgus  sytvitlca,  906.  Ji^glans  rl»U,  738.  Lirix  eurooi^  1068.  Plitanos  orientiUs, 
and  P.  occidentalis,  987.  Pdpulus,  most  of  the  suecMS,  819.  P^rus  commhnis,  and 
P.  Afklus,  417.  Qu^rcos,  many  of  the  spedet,  846  iSobinIa  Psehd-ilcdda.  888.  Vbmu, 
most  of  the  species,  716. 


WITH   REPERENCB  TO  THEIR   USE8    IN    PLANTATIONS.        Ixl 

*'*^^"^*?*^  ^****'     ^**™«  LIbtol,  1067.     i>lcMi  pecUiAta,  1036.     Plnos  ttV- 
Tfetrtt.  P.  I^rfcks  P,  PalUs/diM.  P.  i>lniscer.  Ac.  OMTnxns  bocctu,  998. 
For  fonning  lofty  hedget. 

X>ecM#. -.  J^oer  aunp^stre,  79.    ^tola  Alba,  837.     Cirpbiiu  i»talui,916.     fhguatjU 
Tit  0^906.    /Arfz  mvopa'a.  10UL    O'stija  Tulgiris,  9191   P6pulM»  tuUg^tA,  819. 

£tr.—  ifblet  exc^Ua,  1025.  riex  ^quifMium.  1A&    Jimlpenu  TlnliiUaia,  1080.  ncM 
peccteita,  1086.    Ou£rcus  /W,  846.    Tkxm  baoAta,  939. 
For  betag  periodloaiT  cot  down  at  coppice-wood,  but  not  in  the  shade  of  other  treei. 

Deeid.  —  ^cula  ilba,  887.     Cutinea  T^aca,  91 1.     A&xJnot  ezciUior,  639.     Oninma 
peduncuUU  and  sesaUUldra,  846. 
For  bcfag  perkMllcallr  cut  down  at  copptoe-wood.  In  the  shade  of  other  trees. 

^e.— Cfaaaua  Laoroc^raaua,  276.    BAxn»  lemperTlrens,  706.     Tlex  ifqalfbUinn.  Wk 
Jonlperus,  1080.    Qu6rcus  riex,  846.    74xaa  baocita,  999 
8eleeie4  h$  part  for  ikeir  produce  m  Prwttt  or  Seeds. 
Used  In  rarioiu  arta  and  manafkcturei. 
,,    ,  .i>«<'- — -^'■calua,  194.    /lgui,905.    Qo^rcoa,  846. 
Uied  In  houaehold  economy. 

^^^  ■"^''3^  ''*•    <*»**ne^  91 1,    dferaaua  nrW^atrU.  and  C.  TolaMa,  «7«.  «^1aiia. 
.    ,    ^T>»._il«*pllaa,  416.    lArua,  706.    PrUmu^ho,    Pfr^AYT.  •'»««a»^ 

Aa  food  for  sfaigf  ng.Urda.  game,  or  wild  animals. 

DecM.  —  Ckat»*gas,  862.    Ptnu  aucap&rla,  417.    Tlex  ilquUbUum,  106. 
Seleeted  te  part  for  their  produce  in  Bark, 
rot  the  tanner. 

Dedd^B^txAa  &Iba,  837.  CkstiDeaT^aca,911.  L4rfix  eiirop«X  1061.  Pfroa  anco. 
_  ^.  lArfa*  417.  Ou^rcoa  pedimculikta,  and  Q.  aeaallifl6ra.  846.  SAUx,  varloua  apeclea,  744. 
For  other  arts. 

So.  —  /  lex  il<ruifbUam,  lfi6.    rUla  ettropK'a,  691 
Seleettdiu  part  for  ike  mu  qf  their  JMtvee, 
Aa  aulwtitates  for  spent  tan  In  gardens. 

Becftf...  Qu^rcus.  846,   aMt&nea,911. 
Aa  prododng,  Iqr  decompodtlon,  leaf-mould. 

All  trees,  especially  the  broad-leaved  kinds. 
Aa  winter  food  for  cattle. 

^^••"i?*^^Jff"^''*-'^">°»»®'*   P>nia,417.  Robinte,28S.   5UU.744. 
nUa,68.  C^'lmaa,71A. 

Tuia  oaowN  cbixtlt  fo»  ORMAimrrAi  Poapoaaa. 

Seheled  with  refertaee  to  their  Bulk, 
Large-slsed  ornamental  trees. 

Dedd.  —  il' oer  fdatanfildes.  A,  erlocirpnm,  and  A,  rAbrum,  79  ^sculus  Hlppodb- 
tanam,  194.  Aitamiue  glandnlbaa,  145.  iflnua  glutlndsa  laclnlku.  A.  Indna,  and 
A.  cordtfblla.  88S.  Jttula  vopuUfUla.  and  B.  nigra,  837.  Celtto  austr&Us,  ri7. 
figos  sylvAtka  purpiirea,  905.  /H^xlnus  ameridkna,  639.  Lirlodendron  Tuliplfera, 
36.  O^strja  ▼ulgftris,  919.  i^Ataoua  orlenUlls,  937.  ^6rcus  C^rrls  Ailhamteaia, 
and  Q.  C.  LacombedMO,  846.  Robim'a  Psead-ifcAda,  883.  Taxbdium  dlstichum, 
1077. 
Ev — jnriea,108&.  CMrua,  1067.  Picea,  1086.  i>lnos,950. 
MIHdlft  sttiwl  on>amfti»y^  trees. 

DecHL-^Jtcm,  79.  C^rylua,  921.  Gledltschia.  249.  Llquldimbar.  982.  HagnblAs 
acnmhiita,  21.  ATbrus  ilba,  705.  Neeihulo,  122.  O'mus,  651.  O'strya,  919. 
Fkria,  128.  PApulua,  8i9.  Pyrus,  417.  Robfnui,  233.  SaUabHriki,  944.  SAIix.  744. 
rtHa,68. 
Ar.— iTbiea,  1096.  Ctipr€asua,  1078.  Junfperua,  1060.  Ptcaa,  1086.  Ptnua,  960. 
QnCrcua,  846.  TKxua,  939,  ftc. 
Small-^lsed  ornamental  treea. 

DeoU.— j^'cer,  79.    ilmfgdalua,  261.    ilrmenlaca,  267-  .Broosaonte'a.jriO.    CatShM, 

696. 

PilTte,  128.    P^rslea.  265.    PrOnos,  27a  \»nu.  417.    Qtt*rcua,646.    iOiAmnua,  170. 
Robfniii,  283.    J»ltx,744.    VlrgUla,  197.    Xiinth6xylum,  143. 
Sw — Ct^aaoa  Inatt&nlca,  276.  Ctaprteus,  1073.    /^lex.lML    Ja^pems,  1060.    Lafiroa, 
681.    iVcea,1006.    PUitta,9ea    Chi^rcna,  846.    Tlixoa,  989.    Tti^a.  1068. 

Srieded  wAA  r^fertace  to  their  Fonum 

Wltli  upngfat  OUong  or  globose  heada. 

l>«cHf.— iTcer  obtouitum,  79.    ^scttlos  Hlppocastanum,  124.    if 'lAut,  882.    CSrasoa, 
876.   Agna,906.   Pteuloa,  819.  P:^ruaif*rla,andP.aiicapirla,417.   4hi6reua  Ctrrla, 
846.    £^miia,716. 
With  apreadlng  heada. 

Aw^-.i<rmenla(ea,8e7.    Ctatse'gua  CrtSa-gUU,  862.    i>loaptroa,  626.    Mispilna,  414. 
Pfersica,  266. 
Wkh  eoolcal  heada. 

Dedd IAriz,1068.    TaxMinm,  1077. 

So — if  Idea,  IMfii    CMrua,  1057.    Oiprtsaoa  acaspernmia,  1078.    Jimfpema,  1080. 
/>icea,1086.    PlDiia,9«0.    Tbi^a,  1068. 
With  niry  heada. 

IKctf.— {>atae'gnaOsyacintbaBtrlcta,8B8L    iP6palna  faiHgUfa,  8ia    Qu^reua  pedun- 

eoUU  Ihatlglita,  846. 
So.—  Tkxm  bMxAU  Ihatigttta,  989. 

Seleeted  with  r^fereaee  to  their  Mode  ^  Growth. 
With  pendent  shoots  snd  branoies. 

IVcM— Mtula  fiba  pfodola,  887.  (Xrasas  semperflbrens,  976k    Cntm^goM  Oxyacftntha 
reglnae,  858.    Cytlaua  Labdmum  pfodulom,  818.    ^8g«a  fyiritlca  pfodula,  906. 


Ixii  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS, 

mbcliiM  VKtMdar  p^ndida,  uid  P.  /eodielAlla  ptedate,  <BB.  LMn  6anm»>  pfoduU, 

lOM.    Fkwta  rfebn  p^ndttla,  118.    i^6pulat  titmula  pteduU,  019.    Quferciu  pedun. 

cuUU,  846.    SUix  tMl^l^nica,  7i4.    Taxbdiam  dl<tichiim  pendulum,  lOH.    U'lauu 

noDtmna  p^ndula,  716 
B9 — Cdprewiu  ptoduU,  197S.    /^lez  ifquUbUom,  T.  ptadulum  (both  rare),  186.    Ju- 

nfpenM  rectinra,  1080. 
With  TWttaal  aboou  and  brancbM. 

Hectf.— Cliiplnua  JMCulua,  916.    PhgOB  twhrStiok,  90S.    OjinnMadaa  canadteait,  S55. 

Ptrui  A^rUi,  and  P.  aucnpAria,  417.    U'hnuM  mooUna  ftatlfiita,  71i ;  and  tha  other 

fltfdgfaite  or  fptay-haaded  treea  eoumarated  aboTeu 
With  horisontal  shoott  and  branches. 

JDmM.— il'laat  jiutlndaa  lafdnikta,  839.    Oata'gua  Crtii'g&lll.  8B1.   Dfoaptroi  L^ua, 

6».  Rohinj'a  Pw^d-ilcdcla,  R.  ambracolfTera,  9S8.    TasMhim  dfatlehiun,  1077.  Ul- 

nua  montina  ptedula,  716. 
£v.— il'biea,  1026.    Cddnu,  1067.    Ploaa,  lOW.    i*lnoi,960. 

Sdeeled  witk  rtfermee  to  their  FbUagt. 
Duration. 

Doddnoos  ornamental  traai. 
Dofvloped  eariv  In  nrfns. 

DecUt,  —  il'oer  Ptebdo-Ptttanui,  and  A.  tatirienin,  79.    Oata^got  nign, 
and  C.  Oxjac&ntha  pra'toz,  869.    P6pQluB  balsamlfera,  819.    lanibCleai 
nigra,  613.    nUa  europa^a,  63.    I^'lnuu  canipiatria,  716l 
DoTelqpetTlate. 

DecU il//(CnlM  glandulbu,  146.    Car7a,786.    Catf4M,  669.    ^Mxinua, 

«8B.    Giadftich^  949.    Gjrmiidcladua,  966.    J^tglana,  732.    i>^rua  if  "ria. 
and  P.  Teatlta,  417.    Ontows  TadkAi,  846.    VlrgflUi  Itetea,  197. 
Dropping  earij. 

Deetf.  —  if 'oar   PaeM»^P14tuua,  79.    jB'aeuioi   Hippoc&atanma,    194. 
#V4xinua  excflaior,  688.     PItm,  19Bb     i'dpulua,  819.     Roblnis,  983. 
nUa,63. 
Dropping  late. 

DmAI.  —  if *cer  eampHtre,  and  A,  crficleum,  79.    Cfcrpinna  i^^liii,  916. 
Oat«*gai  Crtit-gftlU,  369.    Ague  cylTAtlca,  90&    LiqiiidAmbar  tmb6rbe, 
932.    P14nera  Rfchfird/,  796.    Qu^rcua,  8tt. 
FenUtanfc,  often  remaining  on  in  a  withered  state  till  sprfang. 

JDeetf.  — OLrpbus  A§tuliu,  91&    ^Sgua  tTlTiitka.  906.    liquidimbar  im- 

b^rbe,  932.    Quferaia  C^rrU,  and  Q.  Taixii^  846. 

BTorgrean  ornamental  treea.  _ 

Jlvlet,  1088.     CMro*,  1057.    Caracas  lusitlnica,  976.     Oiprteos,  1073. 
riez  ifquUMlom,  166.    JUnlpenia,  1080.   Ladnis  n4bIIU,681.    MasnbUi 
grandifldra,  21.    Pioea,  1086.     Plnus,960.    Quircua  Tlex,  846.    2mxua, 
M9.    ThiUa,  1068. 
Suberergreen  ornamental  treea. 

ClratK^gut  Crda-atflH,  and  C.  maxldtaia,  369.   MagndUa  Thompaon/dita,  91 . 
i^rvi  ooronMa,  417.    42ii(rGus  Olnris  ftilhamteaU,  Q.  Cnria  Luooro-' 
bedM,  Q.  hfbrida  nina  and  Q.  Tdroeri;  846. 
Vom  and  character. 
Simple  learea. 
Large. 

iVcil— if 'oar  macrophf  llnm,  79.    awtineaTfisca,911.    Cald^pa  9mrim§m» 
Iblia,  669.    BCagnblto  macrophf  lla,  M.  trip€tala«  and  H.  acuminata,  91. 
Pl&tanut,  997.    P6pulusheteropb7Ua,8I9.    /tn»  ▼•■ttta,  417.   Ouircua 
ieiallillftra,  and  Q.  nigra,  846.    V'imna  montana,  716. 
£v.— MagnftUs  grandifldra,  91. 
Snail. 

Dec/d.— if^cer  crMcnm,  79.    Oratc^gua  OxyacfUith^  869.    JEtatejmoa  ea- 
ropaHn,  149.    Prtnua  splndaa,  970.    I^'tanns  chinoiala,  716. 
Linear,  or  needlo-Ukc. 

/)ccid— JUUix,  1051    Taxbdlum,  1077. 

Ar.  —  if  ^Uee,  1096.     CMma,  1067.     Onr^etut,  1073.     Jhnipenia,  1080. 
JPIon,108&    i>lnus,960.    nzua,089.    Thi^  1068. 
Oompoond  learei. 
Large. 

D€cid.—A(Uham»,  1146.     drja.  T3&     OlediUcU^  949.    Gjmnddadua, 
966.    J^Iani,739.    KtflTeutM,  134.    Adxinat,68a    Vlrgflitf,  197. 


i»reM.  — i8'icutai,191    €#tia«a,9l3.   O'moa,66l.    Mvtfnda,  199.   FtTte, 
19&    i*t^lea,148. 
Colour. 

In  daridoooi  trees  in  early  sommer. 
U^ittOryellovlsh,  green. 

Deeid.'—jTon  Pieildo-/*l£tanus  lut6icens,  and  ^.  plataa£ldes,  79.    Co- 
tatpa »yring«e(iA\ai,e6%.    Kblreutdrta.  134.    Blafll^a,711.   A^vtedo,  122. 
ittpulat  balumifora,  819. 
£v. -^  Qu^rcos  pedunculita,  and  Q.  sessiHil6ra,  846.    £iliz,744.    7Ilia,63. 
Virgllitf.  197. 

tSU^Anam^  639.    Gtestinea.  911.    («Itia,797.    AidBjrmna,  149.    LI* 

quidimbar,  932.    Pi<rla,  198.    i>rtaas,970. 
Purple. 

Xteeii.— ifVarPseMo-PUUanuspurpttrtscens,  79.    Figua  sjrlTttlca  pur- 

ptirea,  906.    Quircus  peduncuuta  poipordeens,  846. 
Vaifegated. 

2>eetf.— if'oer  platanfildes  TariegAtum,  and  if.  Pseddo-PMtanus  Tarlegita, 

86.    CbitAnea  Tteca  Tariegiita,  912.     JVixInns  heterophflU  vailMita, 

688.  Ou6rcuspedunculdtaTartagMaandQ.C£rrlsvari«i^tta,846.    fTimua 

canp^stris  Taiiogita,  715. 


WITH   REFBaSNCE   TO   THBIR   USBS   IN   PLANTATION,         IxHl 


bidecldnoat  tveet  teaolQiiiii  before  MUngoff. 
Bed  orjmrale. 

JMeii.-^jtoeac  r^brum.TS.    Liquidimbar,  9SS.    MagnM/a  anricoBta,  SI. 
<2u£rau  rtUira,  Q.iOi^  Q.  tinct5ria,  and  Q.  peltlttrit,  846. 


DeekL—A^ew  rtatanflMet,  and  A.  saochirinom,  79.     B^tula  ilba,  837. 

ASxInm  excdaior,  689.    Kbireiitdria,  184.    IJrix,  109&    Liriodindroo, 

K.   MadHra,  711.  Negimto,  1»L    PApaka  nigra,  and  P.  canadfiniia,  819. 

Ptttea  CrlfoUAta,  148.    P^nu  rerttta,  417.  SiSsb&ria,  844.   VirgUia,  197. 

Green,  or  without  chan^ng  ooloar. 

J>edU.^^'lnua,83a.    C61tl«,7S7.    Chit«'gat  CrIlMillL  and  (7.  mezkina. 
3S1    Dloap^roa,  625.    P^nu  corooiLria,  417. 
Brovn,  orwithoat  Dright  colour. 

DeeM.  —  A^xr  Pteitda.P]4tanui,  79.    Am»hu,  145.    CSrTa,  785.    JOglani. 

_   1080.    Pdpnkugrs'ca,  P.trte»ila,aadP.faals8m]fera,819 

in  evergieens. 

Light  green. 

OUms  DeoddrtL  1067.    OipiCuoa  Ayoldei,  and  C  Insltfaica,  1078.   Jtanl^ 
_  penis,  1080.    MagnbUi  grandlll&ra,  U.    ThiUa,  1068. 

Dark  green. 

if^biea  ezcOta  nigra,  10S5.     Cinunu  ItuMbilca,  S78L     CaprHtoB,  1078. 
nex,lB6.   Jkimperui,  1080.    Lal&nu  ndbllis,081.    Plcca.  1086.    PInui. 
980.    Qufrcus  riezr846w    7%nu»  989. 
Variegated. 

iflilet  excfilia  rarlegita,  1025.    Capr^uoM  AjSldet  Tarleglta,  1078.   riex 
AqiaiMlwBa  TarlMttun,  156.    Plnua  Pln^ter  rarl^tta,  961.    Qu^rcua 
ilex  Tariegftta,  846.    Tuof  ImoAUl  Tariegkta,  980. 
Fragmnlleafes. 

Dedd.  -.  .Bftula,  837.    Jftglans,  782.    Llgiddimbar.  98S.    mix  pentindra,  744. 
£».~irbiet,1025.   Jonlpenu,  1080.    Zatiritt,  681.    Plcca,  1086.    Plniis,  950. 
ThiUailOfiS. 

Sekelei»ilkrarre»cetoikeirHowen. 
Fradnoed  in  spring. 
Red  or  purple. 

l>ee3tf.~if*oerrilbram,79.    ^m^gdala^961.    Crata' gus  Orraieinftfaa  rdaea,  and 
a  0.  ponlcea,  860.    Vkfia  rikbra,  188.    Pftrtica,  965. 
Tellow. 

ilecAI.— iflDerpIatanffldee,andif.monq>ewnlAnnm,79.     Cftlras  X«biimum,  and 

C.alpi&na,818.    iS!llix,744.    Xanthtejrlam,  143. 

WUte. 

Deeid,  —  Anneptaca,  887.    C6Faiui,176.    (>afe«*giii,  888.    llagndUe  oonsplcua,  81 
Prtoui.87a   Ptnu,417.    Sfeaphylte,  147. 


In 


IVeAf.— JB^iculiu,  194.  PtrAi,  138.     Ptmt  Jlflaos,  P.ooroQlila,  and  P.  apecta- 
bllla,417.    Roblni!a?isc6ia,883. 


Bed  or  purple. 

DecML—BoUate  bbplda,  888. 
TeDow  or  orange. 

DeicM.-.  KOlreiitte&^  184.   Virgllia  Ittea,  197. 
White  or  whltlah. 

i)ec^-.CYat«'gna  conlita,  and  C.  aaexicina,  889.     Haldafa  tetr^itera,  680. 
Lirlodtedron,86.  JflacnbUb,91.  M«fpatts,414.  Bobfnte  Paeikd-ilcAeia,  388. 


HeeU. Catdlpa,  668. 

SiUetgdwitkr^fierence  10  their  FiruH  or  Seed, 
Large  and  showy. 

DecU,  —  ifrmentaca  rulgirls.  367.     Cyd&nla  rulgkrls,  480.    MaclJira  anranttaca,  71 1. 
Pftrsica  Tulgftrls,  365.    Prunus  domistiea,  870.    P^rus  commitnls,  P.  IfUus,  and 
P.  M,  astradLnlca,  417. 
Small,  but  conspleaoos  flrom  colour  and  quantity. 

i)ecM.-.C£llis.  787.    CSfiranis,  376.    CratiB^gus,  853.    flippdphae,  698.    P^rus  Afalus 
flTunifblfa,  P.  M,  beodlta,  P.  itf^'ria,  P.  IntermMla,  P.  tomln&Iis,  P.  auricuUta, 
P.  ancnpdria,  and  P.  ameridUia,  417.    iZhinuius  cathirticoa,  and  R.  frfingula,  170. 
JS^.  — Plex  ^quUbHum,  166.   Juniperas,  1060.    Ladrus,  681. 
Siogular  in  fbrm  or  character. 

Ileetf.— AidDymus,  149.    Liquldimbar,  98S.   MagnUM,8I.  PUtaattS,937.   <2u£rcna 
Cfirris,  and  Q.  Ji^giIops,84A 


SHRUBS. 
SawTH  swwM  oannr  voe  obpuk  Puwoaaa. 


Seleded at  adaptedjbr  Coppiee^Woode, 

DeetdT—C&nnm  — ^giti— ,  and  C. filba,  801.    Odylut  ifveiliaa, 991.   LigfSitrum  vulglLre, 
688.    aiUz  cjkprea7744. 

Seeled  ma  adapted ftfr  nrodmeii^  Skater  Jbr  Oame.  

Dcctf.— Genista,  308.    iOkt.  46&    Aplne'a,390.    SymphoricCrnoa,  641.    nbdmun.  616. 
£9. « .Mxus,  708.     Ganlthlrte,  679.     IFrp^ricum,  74.    Junfperus,  1088.     Mahdnlki,  6a 
JKhododtedron,  688.    CTlex,  199.    Fiscclidum,  604. 

Seeded  at  adaptedlbr  Hedget. 

2)eckU'^Btrbera,4i.  Cf tiras  scopiilna.  318.    iapp6phai5, 666.    Ligdstnnn,  638.   Pallhnis, 

168.    ilbsa, 881.    Jlyifaitii. 686. 
M9 jmbciia,7Q8.   Pier,  166.   Jlm^terua,  1080.   PhiIVrea,68l.    cncs,199. 


\lLiv        ANALYSIS  OF  TH1£  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS, 

Shhvbs  oeowm  cBnn.Y  voe  oimambntai.  Pusmmv. 

Selected  wUk  rrference  to  their  Bulk. 
Large-sized  shrubs. 

J>«rMl_/»ccharU,  546.    B4rberi9t  ^'i-    Bdryu,  713.    BAddleo,  670.    Caragitma^  &f. 

Coldtea,   944.    C6mu8,  Ml.    Cotoneiater,  405.    £u6nymus,  149.    Fontanesto,  638. 

Halimoddndron,  342.    Munamtils.  499.   /Hp^phae,  698.   I.fgdstniin,  638.    Palittrus, 

168.    Phllad^lphus,  460.    PipUnthus.  198.    Rhtu,  1H6.    Sides,  468.    Sambteui,  613. 

Shepb6rdia,  700.    5pfirtiuin,  208.    Sprtnga^  GlOi,    nbdmum,  516. 
£v.  —  if 'rbotus,  678.     JTAxua,  703.     riez,   186.     Juniperua,   lOSa     XaAroa,  681. 

iniiU^rea,  631. 
lliddle-iized  shndM. 

Deeid.  —  Ain6rpba,  330.   Btrberis^  42.    Caldphaca.  243.   Calfcfinthus.  462.   OeanMiua, 

180.    Ceptaaltatbiu,  644.    Chlmoninthiu,  464.    Cldthra,  581.    Cyd6aia»460.    Deiitste, 

465.    irfbfsciu,  62.    Leyoestdrto,  643.    Poteatflla,  319.    ilhodod^Ddron,  683.    AhAs, 

186.    Ai6ef,  468.    ilbsa,  321.    fjiirv'^a,  299.    Staphjl^  147.    Symphoricirpoa,  641. 

j^rhva,  636. 
Ev.  —  Aictiba,  611.    l^upledrum,  495.    GirrvA,  926.    Jimfperus,  108a    Mahdnlis,  60. 

Prlnos,  163.    iihododendron,  668.     ITlex,  199.    fibtfmum  Tlnus,  616. 
Small  shrubs. 

Dedtf.— .JmfgdalusDkna,261.   Jndrosse^mum,  77.    ilrtemfsfo.  649.    if traph&xis,  679. 

JSNula  nina,  837.     Ctstus,  64.     Compt&n/o,  936.     Corilria,  14&     Ck>roDflla,  947. 

D&phne.   686l     Dfrca,   692.     Fotherg(lla«   600.     CTcnlsU,   803.     Hydringea,   492. 

Hypericum,  74.    /'tea,  489.    Jutnlnum,  654.    Hfyrlca,  934.    NitriUia,  467.    Ondnis, 

m    Pmbaia^  18.    Potentflla,  819.    Ahodod^ndron,  683.    Bibe$,  468.    Splrtt'a,  299. 

FacclDlum,  604.    Teila.  63.    Xanthorblza,  19. 
E9. Andr6med4i,  660.    AipleQnim,  495.    Cassindra,  662.    CoUmeister  mlcroph^Ia, 

405.    Dfiphne,  686.    fphddra,  937.    K&lnu'a,  698.    /.Mom,  602.    Leiophf Hum,  602. 

Leuc6thoe,  668.    Ly&nto,  564.    Mah^nta,  6a    Pem€ttya,  678.    JZhododfodron,  683w 

raccfnium,  604.    YUcca,  1 1 01 .    Zen&bio,  568. 
Under-shnibs. 

Htfcul.'-ilrctocULphyloaalplna,  677.    ifrtemfsila,  549.   On6nls,  229.    Pbalerocfirpui,  681. 
Ew.  —  if  rctost&pbylos  U>a  drsi,  577.    AcUea  proclimbens,  601.  Galltina,  569.   Cortoia, 

1092.    DaboeW  672.    Epigie'a,  580.    frlca.  666.    GaulthftrAi,  679.    Oypsocftllis, 

567.    Lddum,  602.    Leiophfllum,  602.    Ozyc6ccus,  616.    Pemettya,  678.    Phyil6- 

dooff,  570.    iZtiscus.  1099.    SantoUna,  648. 

Selected  vith  reference  to  their  Form  a$  Bushes. 
With  compact  roundish  heads. 

D^tf.  —  ifrtemfsi'a,  549.  Bfrberit  sinensis,  42.  .B6tula  nina,  837  Calyetnthoi,  4601 
Cephal&Qthus,  644.  Coronllla,  247.  C^tlsus,  213.  JMiphxie  MexSreum,  686.  Genista, 
203.  Ayp£rieum.  74.  LigtlBtrum,  628.  Potentilla,  319.  iZhododfoidron,  583.  Bibes, 
468.  Spfrie^a,  299.  Sympborlc&rpos,  541.  Sj/Hngay  Gi6. 
Ev.  —  Aiieuba,  511.  Aipletrum,  495.  iMxus,  701  Dfcphne,  686l  Hypiricnm  Kal- 
mta'»«M»,  74.  Mabbnib,  50.  Phlll^rea,  631.  iZfaododendroo,  683.  fTlex,  199. 
fibtirnum  Tlnus,  604. 
With  open,  rather  irregular,  heads. 

Decid.  —  Am6rpha.  23a    jMccharls,  516.    Bdddleo,  670.    Cbliitea,  244.    Cotone&ster, 
405.    Fhiladflphus,  460.    Plpt^nthus,  196.    Bh^  186. 
With  conical  or  pointed  heads. 

Ev.  —  Capressus,  1073.    Tlex,  1&6L    Juniperut,  108a    ITlex  ttrtcta,  199. 

Selected  with  reference  to  their  Mode  of  Growth. 
Buabes  inth  upright  shoots  and  brancbea. 

Dedd.  —  Coragdnot  237.  C6rnus  (&)  strtcta.  601.  IRblacus,  62.  Jasmlnum  IHktlcant, 
664.  K6mVi,  298.  Leycestir/o,  643.  Philad€lphus,  460.  5p&rtium,  202.  Arfrse'a, 
299.    TYmarlx,  468.    Myridlria,  459. 

Sv Jiiniperus  c.  suteica,  1061.    UHex  e.  ttilcta,  199.    Tl&zus  b.  stilcta,  939.    IliCUa 

o.  Btrlcta,  1068. 
Boshec  with  pendent  shoots  and  brandies. 
Climbers. 

By  tendrils,  or  grasping  fibrils. 

Drc»dL  —  Arapelopsis,  139.    iftr&gene,  16.    Clematis,  2.    JShds  radlcana, 

186.     ncoma,  661.     Fltis,  13& 
Ev.  .^  Bign&niki,  660.    JEftdera,  497.    Anllax,  1093. 
By  twining  stems. 

Dorid.  —  if ristolbchia,  701.    BerchtaiAi,  169.    CSel&strus,  164.    Lonlcero, 

626.    J)fenltp6rmum,  39.    Perfploca,  658.    Wistarto,  248. 
Ev.  —  Lonioera,  636. 
By  elongated  slender  stems. 

Decid.  —  Jasmlnum   ofl9cinMe,  654.     I.fcium   europn^um,   665.     Jl^sa, 

numerous  sorts,  331.    iZiibus,  311.    Solanum  DulcamAra,  663. 
£tr.— iZdsa,  several  sorts,  381. 
Trailers ;  the  branches  prostrate,  but  not  generally  rooting. 

D«dtf.  —  if rctoetaphylos   alplna,   677.    Decamkria    birbara,  466.     JD6ev  pr». 

strktum,  468.    Jliibus,  31 1 . 
£«.  —  if rctostiphylos  U>a  iSrsi,  577.    Axilea  prodbnbens.  601.     Cotoaefcster 
microph^lla,  406.  Gaulthdr/0, 519.  JunfpenisSablnaproatrita,  1080.  nnca,6S7. 
Creepers ;  the  branches  prostrate  and  rooting. 
Decid.  ~  J7hds,  i  8^.    iZhbus,  81 1. 
E».  —  Eplgft'a  rdpens,  58a    BCahbnus  rdpens,  50.    Oxyo6ccus,  616l 

Seleeied  with  r^erence  to  their  Foliage. 
Duration. 

Deddooos. 

Derelfvped  early  in  spring. 

Decid — Oatse\nis,  352.  £u6nymui,14&    Hypericum,  74.    ZlgtSstrum,  698. 
Bibes,4m.    ^sa,  321.    Stanbacus,  518.    ^IrsB'a,  299.    S^ri»ga,€a&. 
Dereloped  late. 

Decid — Arftlia.496.    Cklye&nthus,  452.    Cephalinthus,  544.    fllblscus,62. 
Palidrus,  168.    TYooma,  661. 


WITH   BEFERKHCZ  TO   THEIK   USES   IH    PLAMTATIOMS.       Ixv 


^■lIBtlll,  m.  AnUMtfkjtat,  (77.  Jltcaim,  111.  All- 
rti.  M  AUiu.  T<a,  CiUOiM,  H».  CmiBtea.  HI.  C(- 
au,  ion.    CoWiimr.  MsTlMn'Mi,  »n.    ilUw,  (M. 


Ouloirl*.  H>.    OnaocilUi,  NT.    iminsinB,  H.   TMo.  lU.    Jaatrtnt, 
UM).    iUlDiAh  AW-    /Mn,  to*.    UlSiallium,  tU.    LancMw.  Hi.    Lr- 

Priiva,  lia.    AhlBau,  in     ithadowadnB.  Bat.   JibM,  tn.    Jlodurliiu, 

«;!.  ihiKa.  ■<«.   JMitoiiM.  AUL   niu.  ne.    noK  mm    mu,  iw. 

nMcliiKai,«M.    >lMniiini,Ut.     ncan UUTSMiiUMa. 
Sf  flrfmn,  fra  tiw  aoloor  fltf  lh«  ibbotft. 

0m[|.  — CdlMIM.  m     CfUm  tcmkiUm.  at.    P^*dn.MT.     GnMi,  M. 
'"-■-"~  cAdnlla.  «M.    tjtnlaai,  an.    ITIei,  A. 

^^  AslSilto. in.  JMfr<laiUtla,(3.   CMulM   Cf Unii  Urtanu, ud  C  cul- 


JT      MiiXImiIii.  nim     AiU«,ail.    CallhBLUS.    f^irtmi,  ion    Dk- 
l»'c<i,tn.  Z^Mrms, I0»i.  Srlci,Ut.  draKiiaUi, MT.  Jtanlnww, 

•."HiT'iti^yuii.Tiir^ 


tjphhi/  '«!    «*«,  Ml . 


—  GalOpkiOfM.    ConvaHiBT.     ComaU.  MT,    CfUnu,  111. 
iiu,  9»    HmltmodfaidKn,  ML    AbdIbuii),  SM     Ontsli,  Hi.    Po- 

ii>,iul   ZmiUioaik^ is. 


^''il^£l!^^Sr^«Z«'>R.     CfUBU,  Ul.   Dim.  «n.     Oolrta.  ■».     Bj~ 


n,*BdX.DiltiTiaiiBlnaD,«ra.  Hmtnttni,  HM.  Sliq>taM(ii 


Xk_  nigai.  IIM.    ZmMila  pohinltan,  Mt. 

^«M:--CSrylH^TilUMpiirpbn*,ni.    XA4irb  Tnlgliiu  porpttna,  41. 

iKrtrf  — ■A'fatntttfj,  IHL    i7IUiciUt6&    Jwmlatnn^  CU    Zlfttittad,  fiH. 
IVI^Hftiiu, *ea.    XUniiSH.    auoMcB.  mi.    &l»aoi«  Dulc™i«ni, 

ji^j<c«t«.  111.    Bi.tm.nt.   man^  «i.    ri«.  iM,    xbodo- 

<(iiilnll.  nm    jnAnniu  Jlitini»,  ira    niu,m.    rIMniiim  TtDoi, 

MS.  niK>,wT.  ra»(iiwnuni*i(i>tii,iiBi. 

teota  is  ntuui  biftin  laiilHg  oA. 

"**■  As*  — AMM14I-U,  IM.    BMmii,  «.     ConKojei.     Xntanniu.  14S. 
PkotUilL,  4Ear^^iil.k*,  (K      ITboioUviiTnn.  MS      AhAf  Iniilna,  ISfi. 


Ixvi        ANALYSIS  OF  THE  COMMONER  TREES  AND  SHRUBS^ 

Oreen.  or  without  changing  ooloiur. 

j>«eAf.— AipIeHmm,  4d5.   Hydringea,  491    I>igiiitnnn  TOlgira  Mmper' 
r\noM,e».    itUMU.SlI.   Ijplirtiam,  903.    CTlex,  1901 
Brown,  or  withoot  bright  oolonn. 

^«d».— PaBteAi,18.    PoteotUU,  S19.   JNriMia,ni.    SfimXm, 
Fragnmt  learot. 

J)ee(d.'—ArteiBUiat649.    AypCricnm,  74.    Junlpenu,  1080.    lfyitea,9M. 
JthiSs  aromidca,  186.    lUbei  nigra,  468.    JIdw  ruUglnbM,  S81.    JioinniH 
rlnus,672.    Aunbtieas,  618.    5antolIna,548.    &»linum,  661. 
X9. — Junlpomt,  1080.    Xatirus,  681. 

Sdected  vrUk  rderemct  io  Iketr  Fkwen, 
Prodooed  hi  onrly  ipring. 
Redf  blue,  or  purple. 

J>«eftf.~ilmfgdalnfnin«,961.    Cyddnia  Jap6nlca,  450.  Dtplma  Jfai^rwMH,  696. 

JKhododtedron  dStirlcom.  663.    ititet  aangulneum,  468. 
£v.  —  GjpMdOUa,  6£7     JIhododtndran  dlturlcum  atrorlreni,  669. 
YoUow  or  orange. 

Dtdd^—'Caragdma^VSt.  Chimoolnthuf, 454.  O&mos mCa, 601.  Kfrria japteica, 

S96.    JMn  afireom,  66Si 
£v. — IMLphne  Mahhoto,  60.    l^^lex  ovrop«X  199. 
White  or  whitlcb. 

i>A:tf.«Cotonetater,406.    MagndUs  oontplcua,  91.    mbn  oteaum,  468w    8t»- 


r-..,^'*^  "^- 


iDecU:  — Andrfimedflflolifblia,  860.    Diphno  irex^mon,  686.   Pabnte  Uo6»m^ 
18.    JUtet,468. 
Prodnopd  late  hi  spring,  or  the  beginning  of  ivnuner. 
Bed,  blue,  or  purple. 

Bedd Am«ipha.9a0.    CIstua,  64.    Cftlsut,913.    Halimodfodron,  949.     HeU- 

fotheniain,66.  Ottbnit,9S9L  Jlhododtodron,668.  JU6ef,468.  JZbaa,l91.  9^m^ 
999.    SsfnntMy  636. 
jffv.-.£rtca,686.    KilBiAs898.    Ahododtednm,  868.    Jlbia,891. 
Yellow  or  orann. 

I>ee«.--2l^r6er£v,49.    BilddlMi,  670.    Calfohaea,  943.    CbM^;AM,987.    Clatof, 
64.    Cftisos,9I8u    IMrca,699.    Oenlita,  908.    Heliinthemum,  68.   ihrp^rlcnm, 
74.    Jatmlnum,  654.    Piptinthos,  198.   JZhododgndion,  688.  JOtea,  466.  ilbn, 
891.    «p&rtlum,  909. 
Jia.  —  JTrp^ricum,  74.    Mahdntot  60.    JUiododCndron,  688. 
White  or  whitUfa. 


J>ec«f.— Andr6meda,660.  BbiTa,7l8.  C6vaaa,60I.  Cotoneftater,408.  DehtaAi, 
465.  Jasmlnum,  654.  Ligaatmm,  698.  /niUadilphua,  460.  Photlnla,  408. 
JUftet,  468.    iSdia,  891.    Sambtieua,  518.    ^raX  SSa    S^nrngOt  685.    Hbtir- 


num,  516. 

Sv Caaslndni,  669.    Girryo,  996.    Leucfltho^,  668.    L]rbnMi,564.    PhiUfroa, 

681. 
Varlanted. 

J)eeU.  —  iftraph&zis,  679.  Cittoi,  54.  Cblhtea,  944.   Goronllla,  »<7.  Onbnis,  999. 

JVhododfodron,  668. 
JEv — AsUea,601.    Diphne,686.    £rlca,  566.    G jpfodOlii,  667.    K&]mAi,69a 
Produced  In  autumn. 

Red,  blue,  or  purple. 

2>€«M.  —  Ceanbthus,  180.     Atphne  MaiSremm  autunmile,  68&     flDrfieua,  69. 
BbtM,  891.         E9,  —  Eiia,  665. 
Yellow  or  orange. 

JDecMf.  — ChlmonJnthus,454.    JTamamdUi,  499.    Fyp^ricom,  74.    Adlilnu,  168. 
itbfa,891.    5k>irtium,  909.        JTv.  —  l^Mex  ntna. 
White  or  whldih. 

Deeid.  —  filMicns,  69.    iSbia,  891 .    aambheoa  caaadfoBla,  818.  SoUnom  Dvlea- 

mdra  Uba,  668.    5^1100X999. 
J^.  —  if'rbntus,  678.    Qtarja,  99&    Flbdnnmi  Tinas,  516.    YificM,  110! . 
Variegated. 

Deeid.  —  Am6rpha,  980.   Aristotftlte,  161L   OUacas,  69.  LejteatMa,  60.  Abaa, 

891. 
S9 — if 'rbotos,  678.    GypaociUis,  557. 
Fragrant  flowers. 

i>ee«..Cal7dbithuB,469.  CSrasna  iraMfa6b 976L  Chlmoninthna,  454.  CItoatIs 
FUmmula,  9.  Cf  dsui  Zabikmum  frigrani.  918.  Diphne  Mairmm,  686.  JSV- 
ptrlcum.  74.  Jasmhaum,  654.  Lonioera.  596L  PhUadflphus,  460.  iSbaa,  891. 
Bunbticus,  6iaw  AvHbMa,685.  FltU,  186. 
fflciiiire,r         " 


E9, — Jasmlnum  offlcinile,  654.    Abaa  semperrtrens,  891 .    ilosmartnut,  679. 

Selected  with  r^erwmee  to  tkeir  Fi'ma  or  Seed. 
Large  and  showr. 

DecM.— Cydbnla^eo.    Alto  GrossuUMa.  468.    ilbM,891.    J{bbua,811. 
Ev.  —  ^'rbutus,  678. 
Small,  but  conspicuous  ttam  obkrar  and  quantity. 

Deeid. -^Bfrberie,  47.  Cbmus,601.  Cotoneister,  405.  Cratse^gus,  859.  Diphne,  686. 
f'ofoymus,  149.  fllppdphaS,  668.  Ligtistrum.  698  Lonicero,  696.  Zfcium,  666. 
lfyrlca,934.  Perlpfoca,  668.  Ahds,  186.  Riie$,4$6.  Ambbcus.  618.  Sheph^rdAs 
700.  SoUnum,  6G8.  Symphorlcfirpus,  641.  raccinlum,  604.  F1bdmum,516.  ritis, 
186. 
Ev — CotoneAster,  406.  CVata'gos,  889.  Oaulthtrlo,  579.  &Mera,497.  riex,  166. 
J^utperus,  1080.  BlahbnAi,  60.  JMscus,  lOOSL  faodnlum,  604.  ribdmum,  516. 
Singular  in  form  or  character. 

Deeid — Bdddlea.  670.    Caldphaca,  948.    Calycinthus,  459.    Cephalinthus,  644.    Chl- 
monfinthos,  454.     Oolbtea,  944.     £u6nymus,  149.     Magnbito,  91.     Pailbms.  168. 
Physiintbus,  669.    SUphyl^a,  147. 
Ev.  —  MagnbUa  grandiflbra,  91 . 


ANALYSIS  OF  THE  GENERA  DESCRIBED, 
ACCORDDia  TO  THEIR  LEAVES. 


LKAVBB  SIHTLB 


.  .MuBchu. 

TbmlobMt.  ftiUlluli^td 

.(iMpHi,  nddbli  - 

■diiti,  mub 
DgJucadbNk 


CsrdUg  (ina  TiiMr  lidllllll*) 
Lotwt  or  ;*d>IUBl 

Ormte  or  cord^tei  ^oerredt  wllb  iplnn  Ld 


iJuon'iaiioH      Fm*  W 

CKlHOH'RTMn  '.     4M 

»nui'wu4     -  •   701 


Ixviii 


ANALYSIS   OF  THE  GENERA 


Lanceolate,  condupUcite  when  yoong 

OTtte,  eoQvoli9to  whfP  young    • 

Orate,  condupUcate     .  -  - 

Roundish,  downy  when  young  - 
Lanceolate,  often  nearly  entire  - 
OUone,  usually  unequal  at  the  base,  harsh 

touch 
Oblong,  unequal  at  the  base,  rough  abore 
Lanoeoiata  or  orate      .  .  - 

Lobed,  with  ^ands  in  the  serratoret 
Deeply  cut  or  lobed,  Ikn-norTed 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Ovate,  tomentose  beneath 
Orate,  the  disk  oblate,  and  the  pettole  coi 
Orate,  glabrous,  aromatic  in  odour 
Orate,  sonaetimee  cut  .  •  - 

Oblong-hUMseolate        .  •  • 

Orate,  rough  abore      ... 

Roundish,  rough  ... 

Dentate^  notdied,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Orate,  rariontly  lobed 
Denticulate,  S-nerred  • 

Lobed,  angaUr.  or  toothed        -  * 

Lobed,  or  deq>iy  cut   .  -  - 

Orate  or  oborate,  with  soft  starry  down  - 
Fslmate  and  subtrllobate 
Fklmate,  linuated        ... 

Bntire,  serrate  or  dentate,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the 
Rough  on  the  qpper  surilMe 
Brergreen. 

Entire. 

ronofpellndddoCi    .  -  • 

SefffftA, 

Wedge-shaped,  plnnatlM 
Lanceolate,  glaucous  beneath     - 

Bntire  or  serrated. 

Shining  .... 

Deciduous,  erergreen,  or  suberergrMii. 

Bntire. 

Large,  aromatic  when  bruised    - 
Linear,  small,  seml-cyUndrieal 
Oral  or  oraie  •  .  - 

Serrated. 

Cooduplicate  when  young 

Lobed  or  sJnnated,  fometmea  lanceolate 

Besprinkled  with  reeinoai  doti 

Entire  or  serrated. 

Orate  or  lanceolate   -  .  - 

Orate  or  elliptle         ... 


~  I  Pb'bsica 

'IJ^nu*Mos 
.  Ka'aju^ 
•   Amela'schibm 

.     IfB'SPUUUS 

to  the  j  £7»iMTJa 

.     Cl'LTIS 

.   Liquida'mbab 

•     SaLISBU^BXil     - 


.    Cmo^mA 

.     Po'PULUB 
.     J^ft^TULA 

.     CAaTA^ItBA 

r  CA'apiNua 
•  I  O'STTaa 

»     Co'KYhVB 

m   ABi'soua   •    • 

.    Cbatji'oub 

-  Rt^BEa    ' 

-  FoTHaROl'U.4 

.     Fl^CVB  . 

JPla'tamui 


edges. 


Deciduous. 
BntiM^ 

Oblong,  articulated  with  the  i 

Peltate  or  cordate        ... 

Gordate,  orate,  or  lobed  •  • 

Orate,  serrated  at  the  apes        • 

I«anceolate,  soon  drofmtng  off  - 

Deeply  cut  and  dlrlded,  ^iparentij  pompoond 

Merabranoos,  heath>llke 

Oblong,  coriaceous,  shining       • 

Cordate,  orate,  or  lanceolate 

Fasdoled,  lanceolate 


lilnear-lanceolate,  hoary 

lUnute.  caducous,  erergreen  bark 

Lanceolate,  corlaoeous,  pala  green 

Oblong  or  lanceolate    ... 

Lanceolate,  beset  with  scales  or  stars  of  halrt 

Linear-lanceolate,  acalr  and  sUreiy 

Cordate,  downy  beneath 

Orate,  shining  «  .  . 

Linear,  in  alternate  Ihsdclei 

Linear,  8-ranked,  flat  .  .  • 


Orate,  acominated     ... 
Ori^  acute  •  .  , 

Oral,  moeronate  ... 
Oborate,  cuneated,  sem^ed  at  the  tip*  •• 
Oborate  or  oral,  glabrous  on  both  awfucm 
Cordate  or  lobed,  apd  rough 
Lobed  raoously,  sgmetimes  entire,  hairy 
Entire  or  serrated. 

Oblong-lanoeolate,  or  linear 
Orate,  obprate,  or  oral-lanceolate 
Qvate*acupilnate         ... 


.   if'ufua 


-    iLu'cnw 

.     OOWA^MM 

m   Pboti'nia 


tiAOWflJA 

CnsMord  diiw 


CVnAsm 

QcB'aoin 
JTYafoA 

JlaA'BiMin 

CkANtfTBUS 


AsfmniA 
Mamsn'aMtTM 

Co'CCULUS 

Nbmopa'nthss 
APA'anuM 
Awr^m'MiA     • 
HiNziB^ar^     - 
i>iospT  aos     . 

SYRtKOA 

JLy'cium  • 

CKABO'waK14  • 
DidTU  - 

Calu'ooncm 

Di'MA 

Sumx'GmjB     * 
Afpo'phai     - 

ilaiSTOLO^CBlA 

Maolu^bji 

X.A^BIX  - 

Tazo'piom     - 

SlALACBOm'MDBON 

SruA'ar/if 

EBBCBB^IU^    • 
O^VBjI 
CLl^TBBA 

ATo^Bva 
BBOUisoMBH'j:^ 

i^A'CCBABia       - 

^nr^BAX 
HAU'ax^ 


.  267 

.  S70 

.  898 

.  411 

.  414 

.  715 

•  787 

.  744 

•  938 

•  944 

-  490 
.  819 

-  887 
.  906 

-  911 

-  816 

-  919 

-  981 

-  82 

-  167 
.  358 
.  468 
.  600 

-  718 
.  987 

.  838 


-  881 


408 


681 
678 


876 
846 
984 

170 
188 


38 
89 
40 
154 
803 
649 
609 
685 
635 
666 
669 

688 


.  696 


701 

711 

1063 

1077 
71 
78 
169 
368 
681 
705 
710 

646 
618 
690 


ACCOSDIN6  TO   THEIR  LEAVES. 


IxU 


Dentifta*  notched,  or  otherwiM  cut  at  the  edges. 

Luoeolate,  afcnte        ....  jTtba  - 

Oral,  mucroDate  ....  Zkmo'bm 

FiniMrtiMly  dentate,  downy,  wtth  nOaom  pvtkUm  Coum'HiA   - 


Lobed  or  peltate,  corlaceona,  fhlnj 
Linear,  chafiy,  nnaU,  whorled  - 
AceroM,  wborled,  glabrooi 
Aoeroie,  trigonal,  imbricate  in  4  rowi 
linear-lanceolate,  mocrooalate 
Acaroae,  Tery  tmall,  imbricate  • 
AeeroM,  on  chort  pe(lolea 
Oral,  ooriaoeooa 
Linear,  spreading,  beath-Uke     • 
Aceroae,  etUptlc,  fiat,  downy  beneath 
Cordate-OTAte  -  ^ 

Vertldllately  temate,  bods  n«ked 
Oral,  cooTex,  glalirocu,  small    - 
linear  or  orate,  margins  revohite, 
toneolose  Iwnffltth 

IfaiTow  or  linear,  crowded         «• 

Unear,  sheathed,  needle-like    - 
Linear,  scattered,  needleJIke     • 
Linear,  8-rowed,  needleJike 
Linear,  In  alternate  fascicles 
Aoerose,  imbricate 
Linear,  tongue-shi^ted,  ^ytoae  • 

Lhiear,  needle-shaped,  spreading 


AUke  green  on  both  snrfiues,  usually  floriferous 
Bnslform,  p<rinted,  alike  oo  both  sunhoes 

Serrated. 

Linear,  small,  crowded,  spreading 
Boundish.oval,  small  ... 

Bnttre  or  serrated. 

Terminating  in  a  tendril,  cordate,  oblong 
(M>lang.lanoeolate,  coriaceous,  shining  - 
Linear,  solitary,  more  or  less  9-ranked    * 

DeotMs,  notdied,  or  otherwise  cot  at  the  edges. 
Orate-oral,  coriaceous,  often  pridily 
Oblong  or  orate,  small,  odour  of  torpentlne 
linear,  hoary  or  silky  beneath  • 
Linear,  small,  rowed,  tomentose 
PinnatUd,  tomentose,  white  and  mealy  beneath 
Mnolose,  coriaceous  ... 
Ovate,  small,  approximate,  stSli;  shining  - 
Ovnfee.  suboordste,  dUateb  corteQeoas,  glabroas,  or 


Hb'oiba 
BnVcA .  • 

Gypsoca'lus  . 
Callu^na 
Amdro'mbo^  • 

CASSroPJS 

Cassa'mo«4    • 

Pl*UU8 

Pbyllo'dog# 
Dabcs'cm 
BnoA^A 
Km'imia 
LnoraT'LLUM 
coriaceous  J  ^,^„^ 

rPHLO^MIS 
.  1  JZoaMAII^NUS    . 

1  Lata'modla    • 

C^A'LTIA 

Pi^nvB  - 
J'bibs  - 

^'CBA  - 
Ck^DBDS 
ASAOOA^BIA      - 

S'mvaruxm    • 
f  Ckkati^ola     . 

I  COBB^MA 

Bv'acvB 

YWCCA 


Bbya'mtbus   - 

PRAUHtOCA'BniS 

MoTi'syr^ 

if'BBUTOS 
CUNNINOIU^III^ 

T^X    - 
DUYAD'^ 
STJIHBLrN^     - 
SANTOLrMA       • 

Adib^cio 

I^uoo'mojs 

Fbbnb'tty^ 


M9 
fi68 

986 


-  497 

•  555 

-  597 

-  509 

-  OGO 
.  561 

-  66S 

-  57q 

•  670 

-  57S 

-  600 
.  698 

-  60S 

-  609 

-  679 

-  679 

-  679 

-  67a 

-  980 
.  1096 

-  1096 

-  1057 
.  1069 

-  1091 

-  1099 

-  1009 

-  1099 

-  1101 

-  671 

-  561 

-  661 

-  67S 

-  1066 

-  166 

•  199 
.    546 

-  548 

-  550 

-  568 
678 


Deddnous 
Bntire. 


j  Gaultbi'bi^  -  -679 


Linear,  broader  A  the  base,  sessile,  small 
Oblong,  coriaceous,  sessile,  glaucous 
Oborate  or  oral,  coriaceous,  crowded,  gUrimms 
Terminated  by  a  sphacelate  (witherod)  apex, 

ydlow  gland 
Orate  or  elUptle,  smooth,  small,  with  rerolote 


or 


Lanceolate,  bInntiA    . 
Broad,  hnceolate,  glabrous 
Lanceolate,  smooth  on  both  sides 
Orate-eordate  or  hastate  • 

Spathulate.  with  a  frosty  hue  - 
Oblang-pomted,  sometimes  lobed 
Linear-lanceolate,  small 


Oblong,  coriaceous,  smooth,  dosniy  beneath 

-  BntIre  or  semted. 

Oral  or  lanceolate 

Oborate  or  oblong,  Aill  of  resinous  glands,  smeolh 
Obovate,  coriaceous,  f^yHB*g      •  ■ 

Membranous,  oftenMset  with  resinous  dots 

-  Bettsnlatcd,  alike  on  both  sides 
Bvoi'greeB  or  auberergreen. 

Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Coriaceous,  in  tufts  at  the  axils 
OlMyrate,  glaucous       ... 


TA'MABn 

Mtbica^bia  - 
jbcplbo^bum  - 
Lyo^mij 

>  Abododb'mdbom 

oxtoo'coos  - 
Amoa^nla 

jnJMB'LIA 

fontamb^siij  - 

Tbaoopy*buh 

Lau'bos  - 

OSY^BU 


.     00BI>0*|l'<4 


458 
,450 
*496 

564 


.    616 


.    638 


Pbi^wos 

BaOAIXO^MM    - 
ifBCTOSTA'PBYLOS 

Facci'mum     . 
Sm^x 


Bb'rbsius 

rWVLA 


Deciduous. 


At  the  apex  obeoneate 
^^  Ovate,  unequal  at  the  bese,  rough,  dark  green 

Deddnous,  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Bntlie. 

Oenarally. woolly  beneath 


Tv'UBJA 

Pla'mbb^ 


COIOMXA'STBB 


678 
681 
606 

7S 

168 
490 
677 
604 
lOOS 


49 

58 


297 
796 


406 


txx 


ANALYSIS    OF  THE  GENERA 


f^fpetlUt  tHpmimie, 
Deddooos. 

Entire. 

Bfliiate,  CBdoeoiu,  bark  evargreen 
OnJ-elllptlc  .  .  .  . 

Whorlod,  otbI  .  .  .  . 

DlsitBle,7-5.1olMd       •  .  -  . 

Serrate. 

OrateiAcmnliuite  .  .  -  . 

Dedduoiu,  evergreen,  or  raberergreen. 

Entire,  connate      -  •  •  .  . 

Serrate  or  dentate,  petiolate,  and  ihlnlng 

Serrate  or  entire,  petiolate,  shining     •  •  • 

OppotUtt  atttlpuUUe. 
Deddnoui. 

Entire. 

Ovate-lanceolate,  Sjrlbbed 
Lanceolate,  ^abrous.  large       •  .  . 

Orate  or  lanceolate,  anining       .  .  • 

Cordate,  large  .  «  .  . 

Lanceolate,  retlculately  veined 
Cordate,  undivided  or  3-Iobed,  large 
Lanceolate  or  ovate,  beaet  witit  silvery  scales 
Lanceolate,  with  very  short  petioles 

Serrate. 

Ovate  or  cordate,  sometimes  lobed 

Lanceolate,  rough,  with  dots     .  *  . 

Serrated  or  entire 

OvaLacuminate,  scatoxNU 

Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 

Variously  lobed  (one  variety  deeply  ladnaite) 
Dentate  or  enure. 

Glabrous,  entire,  or  toothed  at  the  apex  . 
Entire. 

Ovate4anoediate,  evergreen,  pale  green  with  yellow 
spots  -  -  -  -  - 

Elliptic,  glabrous,  small  •  .  . 

Lance<riate,  shining       .  .  .  > 

Ovate,  dilate,  shining  .  .  -  . 

Roundish,  coriaceous,  smooth,  shining    • 
Serrate. 

Oblong,  with  revdute  edges,  small 
Serrate  or  entire. 

Wavy,  leathery,  dark  green,  shinfaig 
Deciduous  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Undivided,  sessHe,  or  sub-sessOe,  dotted  - 

Lanceolate,  downy       .  .  -  . 

Ovate-lanceolate,  membranous,  glaucous 
Lanceolate,  glabrous    .  -  -  ■ 

Linear  and  scBle-Uke,  caducous,  bark  evergreen    • 
Serrate. 

Ovate-lanceolate,  sometimes  linear,  mostly  ded- 
duous  -  -  -  -  - 

Dentate  or  entire^ 

Petioles  embradng  the  stems     .  •  . 

^>ppotae  or  aliemaUtiU/mlate. 
Evergreen. 
Entire. 

Rhomb-shaped,  bearing  a  mealy  powder 
Oppotfte  or  aUemaUt  extt^pmiate. 
Deciduous. 
Entire. 

Lanceolate,  sometimes  whorled  -  -  * 

Oblong,  small-fludcled  • 

Deddnous,  evergreen,  or  subevergreen. 
Entire. 

Smooth,  oval-lanoeolate    -        - 

Rigid,  pale  green  on  both  sides  «  •  • 

Glabrous,  shining,  sometimes  small         • 

Linear,  more  or  less  S-rowed     «  ^ 

Scale-like,  dosely  imbricated,  compressed 
Scales  situated  under  the  Joints  of  the  branches     • 
Linear,  adpressedly  imbricate    - 
Scale-shaped,  minute,  sometimes  linear  - 
OppotUe  or  eUiemaie,  stipulate  or  exgtipulate. 
Subevergreen. 
Entire. 

8-nerved  or  feather-nerved,  hoary  or  pilose 

LEAVES  COMPOUND. 
jUtemate,  MtipukOe, 
Deciduous. 
Entire. 

Bitemate  or  bipinoate,  stroog.smeiled     • 
Pinnate.  8--^fcdlolate .  -  • 

Trlfoliolate,  pilose,  or  pubescent 


•     COUB^I^ 

'    Sympborioa'spctb 

• 
• 

178 
Ml 
644 
678 

•     DiBBVi'LLiI       - 

- 

616 

>  LoMi'oBmj 

•    AristotbH./^  - 

>  f^BU'BNUH 

• 

866 
188 
616 

'     OOBIA^A    - 

Cbiona'mtbub 
Pbri'ploca 

•  Cat  a' LP  A 

•     BO'ODLB 

•  Padlo^wn/j   - 

•  Sbbpbb'bdij  - 

• 
• 

• 

146 
684 
668 

670 
660 

671 
700 
718 

>   Hydba'bgba  • 

rvA 

m 

498 

648 

f  PmLAnafLmUM 
'iDtv^ntA 

m 
m 

460 
406 

,    A^om 

m 

79 

Jdbcdma^bia   . 

- 

406 

^AtfCUBA 

* 

611 

'     ACA^LBA 

.    Fi'noa 

m 
m 
m 

601 
681 
657 
706 

•   Mtoi'mix4 

- 

186 

•   Ga'bbt^  • 

• 

996 

'lAHOMMM^mSU 

.    Bbntba^mm    • 

.     LBTCBSTB'BIiC 
>     LlOU'STBOM     - 
.     fPHBDBA 

• 
• 
m 

74 
77 
607 
648 
696 
987 

[i  J?D0'NYMU8       - 

m 

149 

Ci'wn%  •        • 

m 

64 

•     ^'TBIFLIX         • 

m 

676 

.     P0*IIICA  - 

•    NrrBA'BiA 

m 
• 

456 
467 

>    (Vbhub  • 
■    Vt'wavu  - 

•  Da'pbnb  • 
€TK'xon    -      - 

'^TOBBB'Til 
>     T^U^XA     - 
.     CA'LUTBIf 

.    Cdpbb'ssub     - 

•  Jdmi'pbbus     • 

• 

501 

606 

686 

999 

948 

1066 

1078 

1078 

1060 

-   HiLU'imniuii 


.   FMO^ntA 

%     i>TB'L8A 

-    Adbmooa'bpus 


16 

1« 

817 


ACCORDING  TO  TBEIR   LEATE8. 


Ixxi 


bnpwi-pliiiuito  •        •  ••  - 

Impurl-mnnsta^  beMt  with  gisndt 
Abrnpdy  pinnate,  leafleU  mucronato 
AbnipClj  pinnafw,  leaflott  9  jwtrt 
InqMrl-pinnate,  leaflet!  orblcalar 
Impari-plii&ato,  atlpolm  small   • 
Pmnate,  petlolea  permanent 
AhnpOj  pbmate,  and  bipinnat*,  or  simple 
Blpmnate,  4—7  pinn»     •         • 


Amt/mnA 
BTaBnu'aDT/it 


Ptamate,  S— IS^roUolate 

Inpari-phmato,  doublj  and  tralilj  Mrrate^  very 
large 
Dentate,  notched,  or  otbenriie  cot  at  the  edges. 

Impari-plnnate,  with  orate  leaflets 
Dentate  or  serrate. 

Trlfotiolate,  stipules  connate     •  • 

Deddnoas,  evergreen,  or  soberergreen. 
Bntune* 

Trifoliolate,  leaflets  elUpdcal-oblong 

Tiiibliolate,  often  pubescent 

Imparlrptainate,  i^abrona 


i 


Impari-pinnate,  stipoies  attached  to  the  petiole     • 
Dentate  or  serrate. 

Digitate,  pimato  or  lobed,  rough 


Dedduoos. 
Entire. 

Imparl-pimiate,  with  11— IS  leaflete 
Impari-plnnate,  with  9—11  leaflete 
b^arl-pinuate,  leaflets  petiolato 
Impari-plnnate,  leaflete  oral,  pointed 


Trifolloiau  or  Uptnnate,  leaflete  orate    - 
impari-plnnate,  6— 19  leaflets     .  .  . 

Impari-pinnate,  ft— 15  leaflete     .  •  . 

Impari-plnnate,  17  leaflets,  sessile 
Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges. 
Palmate,  pinnate,  or  biplnnate 
ImparUpinnate,  teeth  glandnlons  on  the  under  side 


Dentate  or  serrate. 

Pinnate,  oorlaceous,  dark  green 
Deddnoas,  evei  given,  or  suberergreen. 
e. 

bnpari-pinnate,  reddish  green 
Conjugate,  triibUate,  teiiflriled 

Deddiioas. 
Serrate* 

Pbmate,  with  compoond  and  partial  stipoies 
Dentate,  notched,  or  otherwise  cot  at  the  edges. 

Pinnate,  the  ptamse  often  M-giandnlar  at  the  base 
Dentete  or  serrate. 

Pinnatd|7  dlrlded,  leaflete  Irregular 


Dedduous. 


BItcvnate.  leaflete  oblong  lanceolate 
Impari-plnnate.  leaflete  nearlj  sosrile,  bods  bladl 
(One  Tariete  has  dmple  leaves,  p.  Ma.)  j 

Impari-pinnal(B,  bods  ash-coloured 
Impari-pinnate,  leaflete  7—6,  petioles  margtnate    - 
Dentate,  notebed,  or  otherwise  cut  at  the  edges.  ■ 

bnpari-irfnnate,  S—ft  leaflete      .  .  • 

Palmate,  leaflete  rou^  ... 

Palmate,  leaflete  smooth  .  .  • 

Deddnoas,  eieigieen,  or  saberergreea* 


Pinnate,  in  decossatlng  palxa 
JUemaUor  oppotUe,  iUpmUHe* 
Sobevcrgreen. 


PImiately  cat,  bdry 

LEAVES  SIMPLE  OR  COMPOUND. 


Serrate  or  entire. 

Simple,  or  aneqoally  pinnate     • 

Simple,  but  sometimes  pinnatdj  dirided 
Dentate  or  serrate. 

Usmdly  simple,  bot  sometimes  pinnatdjr  cut 
Deddnoas,  erergreen,  or  sabet  oi  gieen. 
Entire. 

I^anceotate,  linear,  or  trifoUdate 

Trifoliolate  or  pinnate 


CAMLdQJfNA      - 
HAUMOnB'NDaON 
CAIX/raAOA      - 

CoLO^'nA 
JvrmA'OALOu  - 
Glidi'tscbj:^  • 

GYMRO'CI.AnUS 

m 

m 

MS 

M6 
M« 
940 
9U 

XAsrnu/mxm 

m 

141 

AlA*UA    - 

- 

4M 

KSluutb^rli 

• 

1S4 

Oiro'ma  . 

* 

1» 

PiPTA'MTHUa    • 

Ct'tisos  - 
CoaoNi'Li^     • 

• 

196 
91S 
M7 

A>*BA      • 

m 

321 

ilU^BUS  • 

- 

Sll 

8</PB<MA 

Yinai'UA 
tton'niA 

WlWTA^miA 

m 

m 

19ft 
197 
9SS 

918 

Ci'nxM 

Jv*OLAȤ 

Ca'sta 

PTBaoCA^ETA 

m 

HI 

7S9 
7S6 
7« 

Ammm'psis    . 

JtiLA'MTUS        - 

m 

ISO 
140 

MaboVi^ 


O'mNva 

T^COMA 

NMOtntDO 
Ta^ia 


-  CU'MA'm 


Poraim'LLA  • 


-    i»T*RU8 

•   Sntm'^A 


Gun'sTA 
JasmtVvm 


60 


PISTA^CIA 

Biono'mi^ 

m 
m 

184 
660 

Stapbtu^a    - 

« 

147 

SAinu^ooi     • 

• 

61S 

XAJmOBHI^SA 

• 

19 

18 


861 
861 

199 
194 
198 


S19 


168 
417 


EXPLANATION  OF  SIGNS,  An. 

Undflrthetltlefor  the  orden  are  glren  dgn;,  fatondM  to  fhowat  a  glaaoe  the  general  habit  of 
the  treei  or  shraba  doMarlbed  In  each  order.  Theae  ilcni.  represent  larse,  small,  and  mlddle-sixed 
plants,  and  we  as  follows ;  the  first  sign  In  ead»  row  finHcatlng  a  dedduotts  tree  or  shrub,  the  next 


evergreen,  and  so  on  alternately :  — 


i 


Efflffii 


□□□□□□ 


□□□□□□ 

lJ 


1.  EoBBd^hMiaiJil  trMi ;  such  as  the  oak, 
ash,  elm,  beech,  chestnut,   Ac.     De- 


9.  *  S.  Splry-topped  or  conical  trees  ; 
such  as  the  spmce  fir,  sttTer  fir,  larch, 
pine,  dedduous  cjpfesi,  ftc.  Dedduoos 
and  erergrean. 


4,  FlMtigialetnes;  iwh  as  the  Lombardy 
poplar,  evergreen  ii|fiass,  pyramidal 
oas,  Jko.    Deddnotia  and  eietgieen. 


5-  Droopbig  trees ;  such  at  the  iMepIng 
willow,  weeping  elm,  fto* 


&  Shnlbs  of  the  largest  sin.  and  also 
middle-slsed  shrubs.     Dedduoos    and 
but   eKchufre  of  twiners, 


7.  Under-shmbt,  or  dimbs  of  the  smallest 
dse.  Dedduoos  and  evergreen,  but  ex- 
dodve  of  twiners,  drdlers,  Jte. 


a.  Twining  shrubs;  such  as  Uie  honey- 
suckle, aristoloclila,  kc    Daddooos  and 


9.  Climbing  shrubs  \  such  aa  the  dematis. 
mpdopda,  vin^  *c.    Dedduous  and 


10.  Trailing  drnlbt,  the  branches  of  which 
lie  prostrate  on  the  gromd,  but  dp  mt 
root  into  it;  such  as  maqy  spedes  of 
willow,  C^tisus,  &G. 

11.  Creepfaig  shrubs,  or  sudi  as  send  up 
shoots  from   thdr  creeping  rooU;  aa 

of5|pir»'a,*c 


The  signs  put  before  each  Individual  species  and  varied  are  the 
GardauT^t  Magmime^  and  in  the  Hortm$  BHimmUmt^  via. 
*i  Dedduous  tree.  «l  Evergreen  under-shrob. 


as  those  used  in  the 


Dedduous  tree. 

Evergreen  tree. 
—  Deciduous  shrub. 
tk  Evergreen  shruU 
,tt  Dedduous  under-shrub. 


_^  uous  twiner. 


%    Evergreen  twiner. 
J  Deciduous  dlmber. 
i_  Evergreen  climber. 


Jk  Dedduoos  trdler. 
)U  Evergreen  trailer. 
41  Dedcboos  creeper. 
%,  Evergreen  creeper. 


AccmrruATioMS  and  Indioatiow. 
Alt  the  botanic  names  throughout  the  Work  ax«  accented,  and  have  thdr  origin  indicated,  as  in 
the  Horhu  BHUmnieHi  and  the  Gariener'i  Mmgtaine.  The  vowds  which  are  sounded  short  art 
marked  with  an  acute  accent,  thus  (0. »  A'ceras ;  and  those  which  are  sounded  hmg  are  market 
with  a  grave  accent,  thus  C),  u  AM>rus.  The  origin  of  each  name  b  indicated  tfavs :  If  the  name 
has  been  applied  to  a  pUat  by  the  andenu,  the  first  letter  is  in  Italic,  as  Ptnus;  if  »  is  commoi 
raoratlve  of  some  individual,  the  letters  additional  to  the  name  era  in  ItaMc,  as  Banksta,  Lam- 
bert/<d«a,  DoogUs//;  and  if  an  aboriginal  name  has  been  adopted,  or  If  the  name  U  of  uncertaa 
BwordisInItallcas,J//0«A(9,CS0raydiMi,Ac.  Where  the  name  would  otherwise 


derivation,  the  whole  word 

be  in  Italic,  as  in  the  case  of  synonymes,  headings  to  paragraphs, ftc,  tliese  distincUonsare, oi 
course,  reversed,  as  Vmtu,  BdfUiki,  Ail4nlus.  All  the  other  sdentifle  names,  generic  or  spedflc.  are 
composed  from  the  Greek  or  Latin,  except  a  very  few  whidi  an  taken  from  places :  as  Araucirla, 
fkom  the  country  of  the  Araocanlans ;  Qu^rcus  gramfintia,  from  the  estate  of  Grammont,  «c. 

TbB  mORAVBO  FlOURBS 

Are  all  to  the  same  scale  of  2  in.  to  1  ft.,  or  one  sixth  of  the  natural  sise :  with  the  exception  of 
details,  which,  when  given,  are  generally  of  the  natural  sUe,  and  indicated  by  a  cross,  thus,  +. 


ABRIDGED 

ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM 

BRITANNICUM. 


T'rbbs  and  shnibs,  in  common  with  all  other  flowering  plants,  are  arranged 
bv  botanists  in  two  grand  divisions ;  viz.  the  Exogenous,  or  Dicotyledonous, 
jrlants,  the  stems  of  which  increase  from  without,  and  the  leaves  of  which 
have  reticulated  veins ;  and  the  Endogenous,  or  Monocotyledonous,  Plants, 
the  stems  of  which  increase  from  within,  and  the  leaves  of  which  have  parallel 
v^ns.  The  first  class  includes  all  the  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  in  Britam,  with 
the  exception  of  shrubs  of  the  genera  Yucca,  ^milax,  i2uscus,  and  one  or  two 
others,  which  belong  to  the  second  class.  We  shaU  arrange  the  genera  and 
species  under  the  same  subdivisions,  subclasses,  sections,  orders,  and  tribes, 
as  we  have  adopted  from  DeCandolle  in  our  Hortut  Britanmcus^ 


Class  L    EXaGENJE. 

Stems  increakngfrom  without  :  Leaves  with  reOcidated  Feins, 

Subdivision  I.     DICHLAMYDEiE. 

Caiyjf  and  Corolla  distinct^  by  wkuA  they  are  distinguished  from  Svhdkmon  II., 

m  v^Ach  the  flowers  have  only  a  calyx. 

It  is  inconsequence  of  this  high  developement  of  the  floral  envelopes,  that 
the  greater  part  of  handsome-flowering  trees  and  shrubs  are  found  in  Dichla- 
ro^dese,  it  rarely  happening  that  those  with  a  single  floral  envelope  have  any 
bnlliant  colouring. 

Subclass  I.     THALAMIFLO^RJE. 

Flowers  with  Petals  and  Stamens  inserted  in  the  Receptacle 

This  subclass  contains  all  the  Polyandrous  plants  of  Linnaeus  ;  as  the  sub- 
class Galydfldrae,  in  which  the  stamens  are  seated  on  the  calyx,  contains  all 
the  plants  of  the  Ijnnawin  class  Icos&ndria. 

Section  I. 

CarpeQa,  that  is,  the  component  Parts  <f  compound  Capsules  or  Fruits,  numerous; 

or  the  Stamens  placed  opposite  the  Petals. 

Order  I.    iZANUNCULA^CEiE. 

Ttix  DiagnosHe,  or  JDistinctioe,  Character,  or,  as  we  shall  term  it,  the  Ordinal 
Character,  of  this  order,  is  thus  given  by  Dr.  Lindley : — -  Polypetahus, 

B 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

with  hypogynous  stamens  [that  is,  stamens  under  the  pistil!  ;  arUhcrs  bursting 
by  iongUudinal  slits ;  several  distinct  simple  carpella  [fruits] ;  exstipulate 
ieares,  sheathing  at  their  base  ;  solid  albumen  ;  and  seeds  without  axillus." 
{Nat,  Si/st,,  p.  6.)  —  Climbing  shrubs  scarcely  woody,  and  low  suffniticose 
bushes.     Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Leaves  generally  alternate,  but  sometimes  opposite,  generally  exstipulate; 
deciduous,  or  evergreen ;  much  divided,  especially  in  Clematis,  in  which  the 
leaves  are  not  articulate  with  the  stem.  The  petioles  often  serve  as  tendrils  ; 
and  are  dilated  at  the  base,  fonnine  a  sheath  half-clasping  the  stem.  Hairs 
if  any,  simple.  Inflorescence  small  in  Xanthorhiza,  and  some  species  of 
Clematis,  and  large  in  Pxonia.    Seeds  small  and  pointed,  except  in  P^onia. 

The  species  in  British  gardens  are  included  in  two  tribes,  Clematldeae 

and  Pesonidceee,  which  contain  the  genera  Cldmatis,  -4tr6gene,  Paeoniat 
and  Xanthorhiza.' 


Tribe  I.     Clemati'de^. 

Tribal  Character.  Climbers,  characterised  by  having  the  aestivation  of  the 
calyx  valvate  or  indupUcate ;  with  no  petals,  or  with  the  petals  flat ;  the 
anther  opening  outwards ;  the  carpels,  or  seed-vessels,  not  opening,  one- 
seeded,  terminated  by  a  tail,  which  is  the  indurated  style.  Seed  pendulous. 
Leaves  opposite.  Deciduous  and  evergreen  climbers.  —  The  genera  are  two. 
Clematis  and  iltragene,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Cle'matis  i.     Petals  none.  -4tra'gene  L.    Petals  several. 


Genus  I. 


QSHSfflH 


CT*E'MATIS  L,     The  Clematis,  or  Virgin^s  Bower.     Lin.  Syst.  Poly- 

indria  Polygynia. 

Ident^leation.  The  word  Klematii  was,  ai  well  as  Atragene,  used  by  Theophractas,  to  d^lgoate 
the  Cleinatts  Vitfiba  of  LbniKUi.  Clematis  was  used  hj  Matthiolus,  and  also  bjr  Cluaius,  who 
applied  It  to  C.  Vltlc611a  L.  and  C.  cirrhdsa  L. 

SunonjfmtM.    Ladles'  Bower  Gerard;  Clfanatite,  Fr, ;  Waldrebe,  Ger. ;  C1ematide«  Itai. 

iSerivtUion,  The  word  Clematis,  or  Klematis,  is  deriTed  from  the  Greek  word  klima,  a  small 
branch  of  a  Tine ;  and  it  is  applied  to  this  genus,  because  most  of  the  plants  composing  it  (limb 
like  a  vine.  The  English  name  of  Ladies'  Bower  was  probably  adopted  from  its  suitableness  for 
covering  bowers ;  and,  as  the  first  kind  of  clematis  brought  to  England  (C.  Vitic^lla)  was  intro- 
duced in  l&GB,  during  the  rdgn  of  Elisabeth,  the  name  of  Virgin's  Bower  might  be  intended  to 
couTey  a  compliment  to  that  sorereign,  who,  as  it  is  well  known,  liked  to  be  called  the  Virgin 
Queen.    Walarebe  is  compounded  of  tcaU,  a  wood,  and  rebe,  the  branch  of  a  vine. 

Generic  Character.  Involucre  none,  or  situated  under  the  flower,  in  the  form 
of  a  calyx.  Calyx  of  from  four  to  eight  coloured  sepals.  Petals  none.  Car^ 
pels  numerous,  aggregate,  terminated  by  a  long,  ana  mostly  feathery,  tail. — 
Climbing  shrubs,  with  variously  cut  opposite  leaves.  The  recent  herb  of  all 
the  species  is  acrid,  and,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  it  occasions  blisters. 
(Dons  MiU.)  The  seed  is  pendulous,  and  the  carpels  are  one  seeded  ; 
each  is  terminated  by  a  persistent  style,  and  does  not  open  until  ruptured 
by  the  germination  of  the  seed. 

Leaves  compound,  opposite  in  decussating  pairs,  without  stipules,  deci- 
duous or  evergreen ;  the  petiole  possessed  of  a  clasping  power  for  attaching 
the  plant  to  contiguous  bushes,  or  similar  objects ;  in  all  the  species,  more 
or  less  persistent  after  they  are  decayed.  Flowers  in  axillary  ramose  panicles; 
small  and  white  in  some,  and  in  others  larger  and  highly  coloured.    Seed 


I.  j(anuncula"ce«  :  cle'matis.  3 

small,  ■ddomteeDdirestedoT its  envelope,  as  that  never  bunU  till  ofterit  ta 

committGd  to  the  soil.  —  The  species  are  included  in  four  sections  ;  rii. 

FUmmula,  Vitic^llB,  Cheir^pais,  and  ><iieaonifi6ra. 

Root  strong ;  the  fibres  rather  straight,  and  not  vcrj'  much  branched  ;  ex- 
tended in  the  soil  rather  horizontally  than  peruendicularl;.  Stem  ligneous, 
not  ligid  enough  to  stand  erect.  Branches  the  same,  and  slender.  Well 
adapted  for  coverine  bowera,  or  for  oraanteating  verandas  or  trelliawork.  The 
fftater  number  of^the  species  ripen  thrir  se^s  in  EDgland,  and  ore  esaily 
prop^ated  bj  them,  or  by  layers.  The  seeds  retain  their  ritelilj  for  several 
jrean;  thej  are  of  slow  v^etation,  and  ou^t  to  be  so»n  u  soon  as  gathered, 
m  which  case  they  will  generally  come  up  the  following  spring;  though,  some- 
timea,  not  till  the  second  spring.  All  the  species  require  support  by  props  of 
tome  kind  ;  and  all,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that 
if  ttderably  dry,  but  niore  especially  in  one  that  is  calcareous.  From  the 
Bcriditv  of^tbeae  plants,  they  are  Dot  rerr  liable  to  be  attacked  by  insects ; 
nerertadeia,  studb  and  dt^  are  occasionally  found  eating  their  young  herbage. 

§  i.     F/dmmula  Dec. 


Q00 


Saiioiial  CiaracUr.  Involucre  wanting.  Tail  of  the  carpel*  long,  bearded 
and  feathery.  Cotyledons  di«t)DCt  (Siat  is,  slightly  lepar^ed)  in  the  seed. 
(Doi^t  ABJL,  i.  p.  3.)    Deciduous. 

1  I.  CIe'matis  Fla'mmulaX.     The  inflammatory^uieed  Qematis,  or 
tweet-tcented  Vtrgin'i  Bouier, 
Utnl&^altem.     Un.  S^.,  TfiS. ;  Die  Fnd.,  I.  p.  I. 


H  Ulitii^itiiiHIha  of  tha  ipecta. 
irMiifi.  nrlLTbau.,  p.]ei.t.t).iu>dDurJ^.  I. 
Spta_ficCliaraeUr  and  abridged  Deamption. 
Lnrea  pinnate,  smooth  j  with  orbicular, 
oral,  otuow,  or  Knear,  entire  or  three- 
'  lobed,  acutub  leaflets.  iDon'i  Mill.)  A 
deradoous  clinker.  South  of  Europe; 
in  hedges  and  waste  bushy  places,  not 
&r  bom  the  sea,  and  in  sous  more  or  ^ 
less  calcareous.  Height  lOfl.  to  15  ft. 
Introduced  in  1590.  Flowera  white, 
sweet-scented ;  July  to  October.  Fruit 
white;  r^  in  October.  Leaves  deep 
green,  often  remarning  on  the  plants  tiU 
mid-winter,  and  dying  off  black. 
VaritSei  and  their  Synonymei.  The  most 
distinct  is  C.  F.  marluma ;  the  rest  are 
of  tittle  importance. 
C.  F.  2  red 
Tenerv.- 

anlima   Dec.  —  Leaflets 


1  a   P.   1,  ruAiOa   Dec  —  Leaflets 

owal,  nmally  enowgjnUe.    S^mIs  four,  reddish  oi 


4  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

i  C.  F.   5  ae^U&ia   Dec.    C.  aetpitOM  Scop.,  C.  FUmmiUa  Beriol.  — 

Leaflets  minute,  entire  or  cut. 
1  C.  F.6  paniadala.    C,  paniculiUL  Th«n.  — Tlowera  irhh  the  peduDcles 

A  Tigorotu-growin^  plant,  the  items  o[  which  rapidly  attain  the  length  of 
fVom  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  in  a  »tate  of  culture.  The  lesTCs  ere  sulyect  to  much 
variation,  from  toil,  situation,  and  climate.  The  peduncles  of  the  flowers  are 
sometimes  simple,  end  sometimes  branched.  Tlie  cobur  of  the  sepsis  is 
white,  slightly  pubescent  on  their  exterior  margins.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
dark  green  hue;  end  in  autumn  it  is  abundantly  covered  with  flowers,  the 
odour  of  which  is  of  a  honied  sweetness,  exceedingly  disagreeable  to  some 
persons  when  near,  though  at  a  distance  it  is  not  unlike  the  fragrance  of  the 
common  hawthorn.  From  the  rapidilv  of  its  growth,  it  will  in  four  or  fire 
years  cover  a  very  large  apuce  of  wall,  roof,  or  bower.  Its  herbage  is  con- 
sidered less  acrid  than  that  of  Hny  other  of  the  European  ^ecies,  notwith- 
le  of  Flimi     ' 

L.    The  Oriental  Clematis. 


leaflets  smooth,  wedg&ahaped, 
with   three   toothed  pointed 

lobes.  (Oon'iJIfuV.)  Adeddu- 
ous  climber.  Levant  and  Cau- 


greenish  yellow  slightly  tint-  ' 

ed  with  russet,  sweet-scented; 

July,  August.     Fruit  white  ; 

ripe    in    October.       Leaves 

somewhat  glaucous,  dying  ofT 

blflck  or  dark-brown. 
yarietiet,    C.  glaiica  WillJ.  and 

C.  ochroteica   Hort,  are,   by 

some,  alleged  to  be  varieties 

of  C.  orientiklis;   but  we  do 

not  consider  them  sufficiently 

distinct  for  varieties,  and  have, 

therefore,     included      these 

names  in  our  synonymea. 

The  general  magnitude  of  this 
species  resembles  that  of  C. 
Flfimmula,  from  which  it  diflers 
in  its  ulterior  branches  being 
more  persistently  ligneous, 
though  the  main  stern  in  old 
plantii  is  seldom  seen  so  thick  as 
that  of  C.  Flimmula.  It  is  also 
distinguished  from  the  latter 
species  by  throwing  up  suckers 
freely,  which  the  other  docs 
not.  Its  leaflets  ere  glaucous, 
flat,   lane    as    compM^  with 

those  of  C.  Flimmulai  and   it  '■  "*n»ii.  imuu. 

docs  not  produce  flowers  so  profusely  as  that  species.    The  flowers  are  yel- 


I.    MMtVUCVUi'CEX:    CLE'MATIS. 


■1  3.  C  CBiNi'itita  Sell.     The  Chineae  Clenwm. 

UrwH/tcmlim.    BttI.OI>>.,l.r-l*';  DK-SrK.,  Ip-IIT.;  Dw^  HI,  1.  p.  t. 
».-a^«M.    C.  dnAiril  Lor.  Diet.  1.  p.  4n. 
£mtni,mg.    Oat  At*- 

^iec.Ciar,,ic,  LeaTes  pinnate  ( leaflets  tiT3te4BDceolate,  quite  entire.  Peduit' 
cles  fcw-flovered,  longer  than  the  leares.  Ovaries  unisjiy  Tour,  with  almost 
naked  tail*.  (Don'i  MUL)  A  deciduous  climber.  China,  in  the  island  railed 
Danes.  Height  10ft  to  J5ft.  Introduced  in  1 8S0.  Flowers  ?.  Leavespur- 
pliah  green,  retained  till  rendered  black  by  frost. 
A  plant  in  the  Hor- 

ticultunl     Sodet/s 

Garden,  ^Qwa  Tigor* 

ousir  ^auut  a  wall, 

proancoK  thoota  as 

long   and  stroi^  as 

thoM  of  C.  FUmmu- 

la;  aitd  retaining  ita 

leave*  til)   tfaej  are 

blackened  bv   Atwt. 

It  baa  nerer  flowered; 

but,  in  ita  leave*  and 

its    general    appear- 

lemble  C.  orientkiia, 
except  that  the  leaves 
are  of  a  datlc  pui' 
plish  green,  instead  of 
beiiig  glaucous. 

.1  4.  C.  Viti'lbi  L.     The  White- Vine  Clematis,  or  TtomIUt'i  Joi/. 
UfMUkmim.    Ii&Bp..TM.i  tXc  iVDd..  I ,  n  l.  j  Siiillk-iEat.Fl.,l.p.».;  Dod'i  If  HI,  I .  | 

* n.     Atbtifnt  ntimt  ;  nam  lylTtsrfi  Mh.  i  C.  iMimii  HO  jErfnaa  Bar ;  C.  til 

1  C.  ItMU  Camk  i    Vi6fU  Qtr.  iDd  Ut. ,    FlUi  DUn  fW*.  i   Vldlhii  Dot. ;    Un 

* ■    ■■-'-"'■  ""  —~m  VIrIii-i  Bower,  Uw  vUd  dfaabcr,  Uk  (n«  IrDd  Clnnl 

liltm,  ■■HottB  •ni  Ca«u.  U  Vionw  dt*  PuTrai,  Fr. ; 


X^rmtimf.  Jan.  And 
S*.  B<K.,«ll.;iala<i 
Spec.  Ckar.,4v.    Leaves  [annate ;  leaflets  ovat&Aaaceolate,  acunimated,  cordeie 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 


hedeei  and  copses,  nlwayB  indicBting  a  adcareoua  Boil.  Hcielit  15  ft.  to 
80  ft. ;  ID  rich  Boil,  and  in  k  ■beltered  BJtuadoD,  50  ft.  to  100  ft.  Flowers 
white ;  Augutt,  September.  Fruit  white ;  ripe  from  October  to  Febniary. 
Leavei  long  retained,  and  dying  off  black  or  dark  brown. 

The  sterna  ere  woody,  more  ao 
than  ihoie  of  an;  other  species,  an- 
gular, climUng  to  the  height  of  SO 
or  30  feet,  or  upwards,  and  hanging 
down  from  rocky  cliffs,  ruins,  or  the 
branches  of  trees;  or  being  supported 
by,  and  forming  tutis  on,  the  upper 
surface  of  other  shrubs  or  low  trees, 
which  they  often  so  completely 
cover  as  to  have  the  appearance  of 
bushes  at  a  Hiffnni-^  The  footstalks 
of  the  leaves  are  twined  about  what- 
ever object  they  approach,  and  aAer- 
wards  become  hard  and  persistent, 
like  the  tendrils  of  a  vine.  The  leaflets  are  either  quite  entire,  or  unequally  cut ; 


hey  have  a  sweet  elmond-like  scent.  The  seeds  (^.  5.)  have 
long,  wavy,  feathery,  and  silky  talis,  forming  beautiful  tufts,  most  conspicuous 
in  wet  weatfaer.  The  French  gardeners  use  the  twigs  instead  of  withs,  for  tying 
up  their  planta  ;  and  moke  very  neat  baskets  of  them  when  peeled,  and  also  bee- 
hives. The  tw'^  are  in  the  best  state  for  making  these  articles  in  winter:  and 
their  flexibility  is  increased  by  holding  them  to  the  fire  before  using  them.  In 
gardens  and  plantations  the  plant  is  valuable  for  the  rapidity  with  which  it  may 
be  made  to  cover  naked  walls,  unsightly  roofs  of  sheds,  or  low  buildings  and 
arbours;  and  for  a  variety  of  dmilar  purposes. 

1  5.  C.  vikginia'na  L.     The  Virginian  Clematis. 


«!<>  Vne*.  Jm.  ImT;    C.  triierotU  Hon. ;  thg  broai-ittni  Cuud*  Virftn'l 
iKiwvri  viBm^ltflde  VlwlnJe,  ft-.:  Vlrffnlicbfl  Wddnbe,  G^- 
EntrtwimgM.    Den.  Brit.  {Ob  malt  ptut),  t.  T4.  i  and  ourj%.  a. 

Spec.  Char. r^c.  Flowers  pauicled,  ditscious.  Leaves 
ternate;  leaflets  cordate,  acute,  grossly  toothed, 
or  lobed.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  deciduous  climber, 
Canada  to  Florida,  in  hedges  and  near  rivers. 
H^ht  loft,  to  15ft.  Introduced  in  1767. 
Flowers  white ;  August,  September.  Fruit  white- 
Decaying  foli^  brown  or  black, 

J  C.  0.  S  hrartedta  Dec.    C.  bracteita  Mcendt. 
— Leaflets  ovate-lanceolate,  entire. 
The  general  ^ipearance  of  this  plant  u  like  that 
of  C.    Vitilba;    but  it  is   less  robust   in   ^1   its 
parts,  and  leas  ligneous  in  its  stems  and  branches  ; 
and  it  is  also  somewhat  more  tender.      Panices  c  iuomu thiiuiih- 

trichotomously  divided,  with  small  leaves  at  the  divisions.  Sepals  4,  white, 
obovate,  exceeding  the  stamens.  Flowers  often  dicecious  or  polynunous.  (7W. 
and  Gray.)  Miller  states  that  it  seldom  ripens  seeds  in  En^ana;  but,  as  it  ia 
dicecious,  it  is  possible  that  be  possessed  only  the  male  plant. 


J.    ilANUNCULA'CE,«:    CLE'mATIS. 
■1  6.  C.  oraVa  Wall.     The  gratcful-nvnM  Clcniati^. 


IrrniUHlirfj  Ctmtihit^'HBrt. 
Emrrawin^.   WllLAllU.,  l.C.  M-i  ud 

Spec,  dor.,  ^e.    Flowers  axil- 
lary, panicled  g  leavn  Eubbi- 
tennate,  TiUoua ;  leaflets  cor- 
date,  acuminated,  senated, 
3-k>bed ;  «epa1s  obtuse.  (C 
Don,')  A  deciduoiis  cliinber, 
Nepal,  OD  niounlains.  Height 
lOfttoieft  Introducedin 
1831.  Fknrers  white. 
Closely  resembling    C.  vir- 
ginidoa,  but  rather  more  hoary; 
and  equally  hardy,  though  it 
hu  not  yet  flow^ed  freely  in 
the  open  air.     A  shoot  intro. 
duted  into  the  inside  of  h  stove 
in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Oar- 
den,  from  a  plant  on  the  out- 
side, flowered  there  in  1B33. 


nep< 


The  road-omamenting  Clematia,  d 

Vir^'l  Bower. 


.  L(MlHC-na-«ml  VIrtln'i  Bower  ntm 
I  MVKp*"i."i"«'«™>J^i^*'»BlBnLl^  IwlUPowend  woodvliw. 
li>ixliMr.^.S. 

^>ee.  Our,,  ^,  Peduncles  1-flowered.  Sepals  connivent,  thieic,  acuminated, 
redexed  at  the  apex.  Leaves  smooth,  pinnate;  leaflets  entire,  3-lobed,  alter- 
nate, ovate,  acute,  floral  ones  entire.  (Don'i  MUl.)  A  deciduous  climber. 
Penoaylvania  to  Oeotgia.  Height  6  ft.  to  1211.  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowers 
purple  without,  wbitish  within ;  June  to  Ausuat.  Fruit  white ;  ripe  in  8^ 
tember.  Decayii^  leaves  retained  long,  and  dying. 
off  black.  * 

Vorielif.  C.  V.  t  corddta.  C.  cordate  Shnt  Bol.Mag. 
t.  1816.,  and  our  J!g.  9.  from  that  plate;  Oim. 
Eimaii  Sweefs  Hort.  Bnt. 

This  Bpeciea  is  striking  in  the  disnmilarity  of  its 
flowers  to  those  of  most  other  species.  It  is  of  vigor- 
ous  growth,  end,  exclusive  of  its  Sowers,  assimilates 
to  C,  Vitic^Ua;  but  its  stems  and  branches  are  less 
decidedly  ligneous.  The  items  are  numerous,  slender, 
and  round;  the  peduncles  of  the  flower  are  long, 
deflexed  towards  the  tip,  rendering  the  flowers  pen- 
dulous ;  the  se^ls  never  open,  except  at  their  ex- 
treme ends,  which  are  bent  back,  ^ving  the  whole 
flower  a  bdl  shape,  but  with  the  mouth  of  the  bell 
narrower  than  toe  bodv.  The  sepals  are  of  a  greenish  purple  or  reddish 
lilac  on  the  outside,  and  of  a  very 'pale  green  within.  The  Ktamens  scarcely 
emerge  from  the  sefuls.  The  carpels  are  broad  and  flati  an  they  ripen,  the 
(ail  becotnes  bent  in  and  plumose^  and  of  a  brownish  green  colour.       It 


ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM    IIBITANNICUM. 


finme.  As  its  branches 
RK  not  TBTj  decidedly 
ligneoui  or  penitien^ 
but  consist  mostly  of 
annual  shoots  from  a ' 
Bufiruticose  base,  and 
are  not  much  branched, 
the  plant  does  not  ex- 
hibit a  bushy  head.  It 
tbriTes  beet  in  bog 
earth,  kept  some  what 
moist,  in  which  cir* 
cunistance  it  differs 
from  most  of  the 
wood;  species  of  tti- 
matis.  It  nuij  be 
increased  by  layers, 
thou^  not  so  readilv 
ns  from  seeds,  which 
it  produces  in  abund-  . 
ance.  This  »pccies,  C. 
c^lindricB,  tnd  C.  re- 
ticulata, being  neither 
very  woodr,  nor  very 
luxuriant  m  growth, 
may  all  be  treated  as 
berbaceouB  plants,  to 
be  supported  during 
the  flowering  season 
^  temporaiy  props. 
Few  border  plants,  in- 
deed,   will    be    found 


.1  8.  C.  CTLi'NDKlCi  Shia.     The  cylbdrical-jTonrreJ  Clemati*. 
ItaiHIIcaUim.    SIibi,IdBo(.1Iiib..  1-im.t   DK.Pwoi.,1.  f.l.;   DoD'iUlll.,  I.  p.S.1   ToT.nd 

Grmr,l.p.ll). 
IriKWHO.    C.  erlKa  tm.,  but  not  of  Linn,  i  C.  VlAnu  'a*-.  \a  Bm.  Bip.i  C.  dliulcku  Jacf-i 

Itw  Jong-flowved  VlTStn'lHavsF:  GLinutltalkfl^un  FlflUTI,  A-. 
EiVnAwl.    Hot.  NIC',  (- 1160. 1  Bo(.  Bop,  t.  Tl. ;  mi  outjV-  10. 

:.  Char.,  3rc.     Peduncles   1-flowered.     Sepab  thin,  acuminated,  reHexed 


nt  the  apex,  i 
ovBte  or  oblong,  i 
floral  ones  entire.  (Dor'j  Miit^    A  deciduous 
climber.     North  Carolina  and  Florida.    Height 
3ft.to5ft.  Introduced  in  1802.  Flowers  la^e, 
puiplish  blue,  nodding  ;  June,  August.     Fruit 
white ;  ripe  in  September. 
DeCandolle   describes  this  species  as  related 
(o  C.  y'iiiTnn,    reticulata,   and   crlspa,   and   dis- 
criminated it  from  these.     C.  cyllndrica,  he  says, 
(iilfcrs  from  C.  Vidma,  in   the  segments  of  its 
leaves  being  entire  and  not  trifid  ;  in  the  flowers-^ 
being  blue,  not  reddish  lilac  and  pale  within,  and 
twice  the  size  of  those  of  C.  Vioma ;  m  the  sepals 


I.  aanuncula'ce^  :  cle  matib.  9 

being  not  iadterj,  but  lonicwhat  of  the  coiuistence 
of  paper,  with  the  marpn  waved  :  the  ovaries 
12-lS,  not  25-30.  6'.  c^lindrica  differs  Itdid  C. 
retici^tain  its  leaves  being  in  con«stence  papery, 
not  leatheiT  i  scarcely  veined,  not  reticulalely 
vdned ;  and  in  other  points.  C.  cylindrica  closelj 
resembles  C.  erln^n  in  habit  end  mode  of  flower- 
ing ;  but  differ*  from  it  in  its  sepals  being  waved 
in  the  margin,  not  rolled  backwards,  in  its  larger 
Bowen,  and  espedallyin  its  carpeb  hanag  long  . 

bearded  toils,  and  not   naked  ones.     C.  Vi6ma      u^.  Fr>Hi(afaiH>ni>>diia. 
and  C.  cylindrica,  seen  together  in  a  tivine  state, 

are  very  dissimilar  in  q>pearance.  C.  Vidma  has  vigorous  long  brandies  and 
reddish  flowos,  which  are  acomJlke  in  figure,  except  that  they  Dave  n  qnvad- 
ing  mouth ;  there  u  also  obvious  dissimilarity  in  tne  foliage  and  shoots,  C. 
cylindrica  being  almost  herbaceous, 

1  9,  C.  rbtjcui-a'ta  Wall.     The  net-veined-fcaeni  Clematis. 

iL  FL   Cut..   IM.  I    I>«c   FlwL,    I.   p.  T.  I 

,,_^„.    H^U^;  a  simi<f'  &0C*.;  tb*  utMd 

VItiId'i  Banni   Uh  rntcnUlHl  ClmiUlt. 

Ei^miat:    T^tti-  BrfL.  >.n. ;  ukdotu/f.  11. 

Spec.  Oar.,  ^c.  Peduncles  l-flowered.  Sepal 
coonivent.  Leaves  coriaceous>  netted  with 
nerves,  smooth,  pinoale ;  leaflets  stalked,  3- 
lobed  or  entire,  ovate.  (Don'i  MiU.)  A  de- 
ciduous climber.  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia. 
Height  6  ft.  to  B  ft.  Introduced  in  181S.  Flow- 
ers pole  puiptiah  red ;  June  to  August.  Fruit 
white;  ripe  in  September, 
Leaflets  aU  petiolulate,  1  b.    to   1}  in.   long,  <^IHL 

undivided   or   variously   lobed,  the   lowest  pair 

3-parted,  eometimea  rtther  acute  and  mucmnate. 

Peduncles   longer    dian    the   leaves.       Flowers 

as   laive   as  in  C.  crfsfia.      Sepals   dull   purple, 

ovate-unceolate,  velvety  externally.    Tails  of  the 

carpels  long.     (Tor.  and  Grot/.)     In  C.  Vidma 

the   s£pals  do   not    divaricate,   except   in   their 

recurved  tips;  while  in  C.  reticulata  the  sepals 

expand  in   the  mode  of  those  of  C.  Viticflla, 

A  side  view  of  a  flower  less  expanded  resembles 

more  the  flower  of  C.  cylindrica,  but  the  cyliii' 

drical  portion  is  shorter.    The  flowers    (sepals)  tu  cu— nixucsiiu. 

of  the  two  are  difierent  in  colour.     The  leaves  of  C.  reticulata  are  veined, 

as  is  implied  in  the  q>ecific  name.     The  stems  are  scarcely  ligneous. 
1  10.  C.  HKKDRBso'vrr  Chandler.    Henderson's  Clentatii. 

Satriatmfi.    OurA*'  H-  ■Dd  11- 

i^c.  CAoT.,  ifc.     Peduncles  l-flowered,  much  longer  than  the  petioles  of  the 
leaves.      Sepals  long,  wrinkled,  reflexed.     Leaves  bipinnate,  leaflets  ovate- 
acuminate.     A  deciduous  climber.     Hybrid.    Hd^t  8ft.  to  10ft     Cult. 
1B35.     Flowers  bluish  purple ;  June  to  September.     Fruit  white. 
The  stems  and  foliage  bear  a  general  resemblance  to  those  of  C.  Vitic^lla, 
«4iile  the  flowers,  in  magnitude  and  colour,  and  the  leaflets  in  shape  and 
veining,   resemble    those  of  C.  int^rif&lia  ;   but   the  sepals   expand  much 
wider,  in  the  manner  of  those  of  C.  Vitic^lla.     This  plant  is  apparently  a 
hybrid  between  C.  Vitic^Ua  and  C.  int(^rif51ia,  having  the  flowers  of  the  latter, 
anil  the  leaves  and  stems  of  the  former.     It  was  nuscd  by  Mr.  Henderson, 


aucouetum  et  fruticetum  britai 


nuTSCTfrnnn,  of  Rn&«p[)le  Place,  and  fint 
flowered  in  the  nursery  oC  Mr.  Chandler, 
by  whom  it  was  nained.  It  may  fairly  be 
deMiibed  ai  ooe  of  the  moat  omamentil 


species  of  this  section,  from  the  largeneta 
of  its  flowers,  their  lonft  footstallcB,  which 
make   them  stand  out  distinctly  from  the 


}  iL     VitieeUa  Dec 


QHffl 


Seel.  Char.  Involucre  wanting.  Tail  of  the  pericarp  (that  is,  of  the  carpel) 
short,  beardless.  Leaves  temate,  or  decompound.  Stems  climlnng.  {uoKt 
Mill.,  i.  p.  9.)     Deciduous. 

1  T^iin.     The  florid,  or  Aowy-flowered,  Clematit. 

t  gnmlH  Finn,  Pr,  i 

If-H. 

Spec.Char.,^c.  Peduncles  l-flowered,lon^r  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  temetely 
decompound ;  leaflets  ovate,  acute,  quite  entire.  Sepals  oval-lanceolaie, 
much  pointed.  (Don'i  Mtli.)  A  deciduous  climber.  Japan.  Height 
10 ft.  to  IS  ft.  Introduced  in  1776.  Flowers  white;  June  to  September. 
Fniit  f. 

1  C.  /.  8.  fi^eplhio  Hort.  has  the  stamens  changed  into  floral  leaves, 
which  may  be  denominated  petals.  It  is  very  handsome,  but  the 
petals  have  frequently  a  tinge  of  green,  which  renders  it  less  orna- 
mental than  the  single  species,  in  which  the  centre  of  the  flower  is 
comparatively  inconspicuous,  while  ihe  sepals  are  large,  and  of  a  pure 

1  C./.  Zfdre  plena  violaoeo;  C.(.  Sieb61du  D.  Don  in  Swref*  Bnt. 
F/ow.'Gard.    id  ser.  p.  396. ;   C.  Siebdldti   Paxton's   M^.   Bot. 


I.  BxuvscuLA'ctJi :  ^.e'matis. 


II 


p.  147. ;  C.  bfcolor  Hurt.  ;  and  our  J%.  14. : 

u  in  all  respects  tbe  same  as  the  Uit,  except 

that  the  petals,  or  centre  of  the  flower,  are 

of  ■  rich  violet  colour,  iq>proBching  to  purple. 

It  was  sent  from  J^ian  to   Europe  by  Dr. 

Sieboldt ;   and   iotriKluced  into  En^and  in 

1836.     It  is  a  most  ornamental  plant,  and  as 

hardy  and  esnly  ^>rapBgated  a*  the  other  tk- 

rietjor  tbe  tptoa. 

Tbe  atem  is   slender  € 
and  striated ;    climbing 

I  to   the  hei^t  of  15  ft.  _^_ 

or  upwards  when  it  is  "'  •=■•■•*■■  i^'"*™*- 
trained  to  a  wall  with  a  favouiaUe  eipoaurc, 
though  never  becoming  Td^wood^.  The  Bowers 
are  farge  Euid  handsome,  either  m  a  single  or 
double  state  i  and  these,  with  the  neatness  of  itt 
foliage,  and  the  slendemesa  of  its  stems  and 
branches,  give  it  such  an  air  of  ele^ce,  that  no 

I  lover  of  plants  should  be  without  it,  who  has  a 
garden  in  which  it  will  thrive.  North  of  London 
It  requires  a  wall ;  and  in  Scotland,  as  wdl  as 
in  France  and  Qermany,  it  b  generall;  kqit  in 
the  green-bouse.  A  mode  of  pruning  plants  of 
this  ^>eciea,  by  cutting  them  down  to  the  ground 
■a.  ni    n  miii  annually,  tboi^  not  generally  practised,  b  said 

o  produce  vigorous  shoots  and  fine  flowers.    This  spedea  aertx  rqiens  seeds 
a  En^and,  and  is  therefore  only  propagated  by  layers. 

1  13.  C.  cfiRu'LBA  Laidl.    The  blue,  or  vhlH-fiowered,  Clematis. 

Undl.,  ta  BoL  B<a..  I 


imff^(  C  gxBMBtn  Han. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  spreading,  baitr,  teroate. 

Segments  ovate-acute,  entire.     Peduncles   1- 

flowered.     Sepals  6  to  8,  oblong,  lanceolate, 

scute,  monhranaceous.      Harpn    distended. 

(Lindi.)  A  dedduous  climber.  Japan.  Hdght 

10ft.tolSft.    Introdncedin  IS36.    Flowen 

blue  i  June  and  Jul;.    Fruit  7. 

A  frcMrowing  and  profuse-bloooiing  plant, 

with   the  nabit  of  C.  oorida.      Flowers  large, 

violet-coloured,  with  deep  purple  stamens.      It 

liiftra  from  C,  fldrida  in  the  colour,  delicacy, 

and  transparency  of  its  blossoms,  and  also  in 

its  leaves  being  only  once  tentate,  and  m  tbe 

se|p«la  not  touching  and  overlapping  each  other 

at  tbe  edges.      Culture  and  propagation  as  in 


i  13.  C.  Viticb'lla  L.    The  Vioe-Boi 

.    UB.Sn,»6».:  l>ec,  Prod.pl.  P.9.:  Don'iMlll.,1- P-S. 
Vltleflli  dclibldH  Mnek-,   Uw  ni-Oawcrad  I.iili'i  Bawtr,  Gtnrii  lulltaUch* 

FIor.CrK.,LSIE.;  Bot.Mmg.,t.lSi.:uiioai/lt.n. 

Sprc.   Ckar.,  ^e.     Peduncles   ]-Bowered,  longer  than   the   leaves.      Leaves 

lemmtely  decompound,  lobes  or  leaflets  entire.     Sepals  obovate,  ^reading. 

(ftm'i  Mm.)      A  decidnooa  climber.      South  of  Europe,  in  hedges,  on 

calcareous  soil.    Hrig^it  10  ft.  to  15  ft.   Introduced  ii  "'  ■" 


IT  Clematis. 


a  1569.    Flowers  blue 


12  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

or  puiple;  July  to  September.     Fruit  white;  ripe  in  October.     Decaying 
foliage  black  or  brown. 
rarietki. 

^  C.  r.  1  eoTuJca.  —  Flowen  blue. 
■i  C.  V,  2  purpirea.  —  Flowers  purple. 

1  C.  r.  3  nMipbjr  O.  Don.     C.  pulch^lla  Peri.  —  Flowen  double,  blue. 
Iliia  Toriety  produces  more  robust,  more  extended,  and  fewer  shootK, 
thM  die  ungle-floweted  blue  or  purple  varieties. 
i  C.  r.  4  lem^SUa  Dec.,  C.  teniuBlii  luBitimca  TVmni. ;  and 
J  C.  F.  5  baeeiia  Dec,  C,  campuiifldra  HoH. ;    are  varietiei  which  we 
have  not  Men. 
C.  ViticJlla,  end  all  its  varieties,  are 
tolerably  robutt    and    vigorous    in    their 
growth,   and    decidedly  ligneous;   though 
plants,  individually,  do   not   endure  many 
years.     They  are,  [>erhiipB,  the  most  beau- 
tifiil  and   moat  estimable  of  all  the  kinds 
of  clematis,  for  the  purposes  of  fioral  de* 
coration.    For  the  mere  covering  of  bowers 
and  other  objects,  they  arc,  however,  lessfi 
suited  than  C.  Vitdlba  and  C.  Flimmula;  as" 
these  grow  faster,  extend  fiuther,  and  each 
yields  a  greater  aggregate  of  herbage,  and 
so  covers  better  :^ut  Done  of  them  can 
vie  with  C.  Vitic^lls  and  its  varieties  in 

beauty ;   more   especially  with   the  single  -      itb^iii, 

purple  and  the  single  blue. 

J  U.  C.  cuipaniflo'ra  Jroi.    The  bell-flowered  Clematis. 

liewl^caUan.    Brot,  Flor.  Lui^  1.  p.  SM.  i  I>«.  Prod,,  1.  p.9. ;  Don'iHIII,,  I.  p.». 
aiwiitwia.    C.  TiomMilH,  naind  it  tbe  CIuIhii  BoUdIc  Ovdn  bj  Ihli  iuisc,  IWni  Iha  Berlin 

Ns.SSTH. i  C.  piTTiatnbn.,  iccordJiu  to'SwHt.'' 
£fvra>f>w>.     IJid.  B«.  <Mt- 
S?.;  K»,  Br.  Fl.-C.nl..  M 

^c.  Cliar.,  ^c.  Pedun- 
cles l-flowered,  some- 
what loTwer  than  the 
leaves.  Leaves  biter- 
nately  decompound ; 
leaflets  entire,  or  3- 
lobed.  Septh  half- 
spreading,  dilated  at 
the  apex.wavy.  (Don't 
Mm.)  A  deciduous 
suffrutesceot  climber 
of  vigorous  erowth. 
Portugal,  in  hedges. 
Height  lift,  to  15  a. 
Introd.1810.  Flowers  f 
white,  sli^tly  tinged 
with  purple;  Julyand 
August.  Fruit  white. 
Decaying  fohage  dark 

Vtaielir. 

1  C.C.2  parmfidra.    C.  parviflora  Fiidi.  of  G'ultingen,  —  Flowers  ratlivr 
smaller  than  in  the  species,  sepals  crisped  at  the  edges.    H.  S. 


1.   HANUNCULA^CEJE  :    CLE'mATIS.  13 

The  habit  of  growth  of  this  plant  is  that  of  C  Vitic^Ua,  to  which  it  also 
comes  nearest,  in  affinity,  but,  though  less  woody,  its  shoots  are  much  more 
robust;  the  much  smaller  and  white  flowers,  and  pointed  sepals  connivent  (that 
is,  lying  close  tosether^  below,  will  readily  distinguish  it  It  seldom  ripens 
wood  in  England,  but  is  readily  propagated  by  layers. 

4  15.  C.  CRi'sPA  L.    The  cuvXeA^epaled  aematis. 

MnHfiemikm.    IJn.  S^,  7$5^.Dee.  ProdL.  I.  P.9t ;  Don'*  MIU.,  1.  p.  9. 
Smumifmg.    C.II6re  crltpo  IMS.  i?tt*.  *^ 

JSugravingt.     Dill,  mth.,  1.  1 78.  llg.  84. ;   Bot.  Uag.. 
1969: ;  and  our  J%.  19.  " 

Spec,  Char,f  4^c,  Peduncles  l-flowered, 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  entire, 
3-lobed,  or  temate,  very  acute.  Sepals 
connivent  at  the  base,  but  reflexed,  and 
spreading  at  the  apex.  (D<m*t  MUl.)  A 
deciduous  climber.  Virginia  to  Florida. 
Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft  Introduced  in  1726. 
Flowers  pm^Ie ;  July  to  September.  Fruit 
brownish ;  ripe  in  October. 

Leaves  glabrous,  or  sli^tlyhainr.  Flowers 
one  third  smaller  than  m  C,  Yioma,  bright 
purple.  Tail  of  the  carpels  thick  and  rigid, 
about  half  an  inch  long.  (Tor.  and  Gray.') 
The  flowers  of  this  species  are  j^retty,  but 
perhaps  never  product  in  sufficient  quan« 
titv  to  render  it  highly  decorative.  The  se- 
pals have  their  tips  reflexed,  and  waved  with 
transverse  wrinkles.  The  stems  are  weak,  and  i'-  oiauUicrfiv*. 

do  not  generally  rise  hiaher  than  3  or  4  feet.  The  plants  frequently  die  down 
to  the  ground,  so  Uiat  this  species  requires  to  be  treated  more  as  herbaceous 
than  ligneous.    It  ripens  seeds  plentifully. 

§  iii.     Cheirdpsis  Dec. 


Deriwalkm.    From  dtetr,  the  hand,  and  opns,  memblanoe ;  hi  aUiulon  to  the  form  of  the  bractoaf . 

SecL  Char,  Involucre  in  the  form  of  a  calyx,  from  two  joined  bracteas  situated 
at  the  top  of  the  peduncle  just  under  the  flower.  Tails  of  pericarps 
bearded.  Climbing  or  rambling  shrubs,  with  simple  or  temate  leaves.  Tne 
old  petioles  persbtent,  and  the  new  leaves  and  the  peduncles  produced  in 
clusters  from  the  axils  of  these.  {Dec.  Sytt,,  L 162.)    Evergreen. 

L  16.  C.  ciRRHO^SA  L,    The  tendriled-f^f^M  Clematis. 

Tdenti/kaHim.    Lla  Sp.,  766.  \  Dee.  Prod,  L  p.  9. :  Don*a  IfilL.  1.  p.  9. 

gyaiyiwff.  jftriMM  drrhdia  Pen,  S^,  %  p.  9^  TVaTeUer^i  Joy  of  Candla,  and  Spanish  Tra- 
Teller*!  Jof,  Jomuom*$  Gerard \  Spanish  wild  Climber,  PorMuon;  the  efOf green  Clematis: 
CI£matHe  A  VriUei,  Clteiattte  toiUourt  rerte  {Bom  Jmrd.),  Ft, ;  efaiftchbiattrlge  (ilmple-leaTed) 
WaUrebe,  Oer, 

Dernatkm,  The  word  drrhbaa,  which  meant  drrhoae,  or  tmdrlled.  Is  applied  to  this  species 
tmm  the  'pecnUarty  grasping  and  tendril-like  actton  of  iu  petiolea,  which  retain  their  hold  even 
ailer  the  leaSett  have  iUIra.  The  French  word  Vrillet  sigiiUles  tendrils  |  and  the  German  word 
einlhdi  alludes  to  its  eomparatlTely  simple  leaTet. 

Bmgr«t9tmg$,    See  the  Varieties. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^e.  Peduncle  1-flowered,  with  an  involucre.  Leaves  simple,  or 
variously  divided ;  evergreen.  An  evergreen  climber.  Spain  and  the 
Balearic  Isles.  Hei^t  in  British  gardens,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  a 
warm  situation,  a^amst  a  wall,  5ft  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
greenish  or  vellowish  white ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  f •  Foliage  of  the 
broad-leaved  varieties  forming  a  fine  dark  green  mass. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 


L  C  c.  2  pedicelldta  Dec ;  C.  pedicell^  Sioeel' 
HorU  Bril.  p.  fi.,  and  Am't  MilL  i.  p.  "  ' 
bale4ricB  Fen.;  >..  i;u- 
rhdoa  Shiu  3.  Mag. 
t.  1070.;  and  our  fig. 
SO. ;  has  the  pedicel  be- 
tween the  involucre  and 
the  flover  considerably 
longer     than     in     the 

C.  c.  3  anguitifiSa.  C.  bale- 
iricft  Rich.   Bol,  Mag. 
t.  959.,  and  ourj^. 
C.     calyclna    Ail. ; 

polymdrpha  Hort.  Cl£madte  de  Hahon,  Fr. 
—  The  leaves  of  this  variety  vary  exceedingly,  train  those  shown  in 
fig.  83.  of  the  nBturnl  size,  taken  from  a  plant  in  the  HorticultiiTal 
£>cicty*s  Garden,  to  those  shown  in  fig.  SS.,  reduced  from  Smith's 
Flora  Grieca.    Introduced  into  England  by  M.  Ihouin,  in  1T83. 


The  T 


years,  very  thick  bushy  plants. 


The  leaves  vary  liroa)  simple  to  temate ;  and  from  bang  entire  to  being 
deeply  cut.  The  flowers  unpear  at  the  end  of  December,  or  the  beginning 
of  January,  and  continue  tiU  the  middle  or  end  of  April.  They  are  pendulous 
and  bcU-sbi^ied,  the  mouth  being  of  the  breadth  of  a  shilling,  or  more.  Their 
colour  is  greenish  white,  with  some  purple  on  the  inude.  The  sepals  are 
downy  without,  and  smooth  within.  In  its  native  country  it  is  said  to  climb 
up  and  overwhelm  the  trees ;  but  in  England  it  is  a  weak  plant,  not  very 
readily  k^t.  In  nurseries  it  is  generally  cultivated  in  pots,  and  kept  in  a 
green-bouse,  or  in  a  cold-irame.  The  principal  beauties  of  this  species  con- 
sist in  its  bright  evergreen  verdure,  and  in  the  earliness  of  its  flowering  in 
spring ;  and  these  properties  may  be  best  obtained  by  training  it  against  a  wall 
with  a  southern  aspect.     Layers  and  cuttings. 


1.  aanuncula'c 


§   iv.     Axemonifidra, 


iZ] 


sate,  not  bearing  an  inTO- 

iduoLU. 

±  17.  C.  ■onta'na  Ham.     The  UoiintaiD  Clematis. 

UtiU4llati^m.    C.maaOJiMHtm.  MSS.:  DtK.VTiA..t.D.t. iHojlt.  a.6\. 
ariM^nM.    C.  aaftaoaWin  D,  Dim  Pni.  Fl.  Nf/mL  r- 19*..  jWi  Vifl.l.  p.e. 
^S^i^lS' Kmt'™"'"'^'*"''"  "■•  HgtL  S«,  Gintoo,  lod  Jl|.  M-'trgmmipB^DD  <rf 

^we.  Giar.,  ^e.  Peduncles  I-flowered,  not  bracteated,  several  together. 
Leaves  ternately  parted,  the  itgiacDta  ovale-obloDg,  acuminate,  toothed,  the 
teeth  in  the  mode  of  incisions.  Sepals  etliptic-oblong,  mucronulate,  sprmd- 
ing.  (2>.  Don.')  A  deciduous  cliinber.  Bima]a_van  Mountains  at  5000  It 
to  7000  ft.  elevation.  Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.,  or  ia  sheltered  situations 
3D  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1831.  Fowera  white;  April  in  Nepal, 
May  in  England.  Fniit  white ;  ripe  in  August  JDecaying  foliage  brown, 
and  droppmg  more  freelj'  than  in  moat  of  the  other  kbda. 


ciduous.      Leaves   numerous,   pale  green.      Flowers 

numerous,  about  the  size 

and  form  of  those  of  Auo- 

mone  sylT&tKs  L.,  borne 

several  together,  each  upon 

a  separate,  upright,  slender 
^  peduncle,  about  3  in.  long. 

Sepals  4,  I  in.  long,   pure 

white,  faintly  etiuned  with  ^ 
,   pink   outside  at  the  base.  1 

Styles    clothed  with   long  ] 

white     silky  hairs  ;    from 
_^^  which   it  may  be  inierred 

*■  'i^'*  ■"""■  (])^t  [his  speciea  will  hare 

its  fruits  terminated  with  feslheiy  tans,  in  a  state  of 
maturity.  In  the  climate  of  England  it  proves  to  be 
quite  hardy,  and  seems  to  flourish  as  well  as  od  its 
native  mountains.  It  grows  with  great  vigour  in  a 
loamy  soil,  flowers  profusely  early  in  the  season,  and  ».  oMuk^uuu. 
is  readily  increased  by  layers.     A  very  desirable  speciea. 

OUer  &Kdei  of  Cltmatu.  —  There  are  several  other  spedes  of  Clematis 
described  in  books,  some  of  them  as  introduced,  and  others  as  not  yet  in 
cultivation  in  Britain  j  but  we  have  reftained  from  describing  any  speciea  of 
which  we  have  not  seen  living  plants.  In  Torrey  and  Oray's  Flora  of  North 
America,  C.  Aolomricea  Pursh,  C.  Uguitidfd&i  NutL,  C.  bmmmSnda  Tor.  i 
Gr^t  C.  pamijidra  Nutt.,  C.  laMtitha  Nutt.,  C.  Htieariloba  Dec.,  and  C. 
Fftoieri  3V.  ^  Gray,  are  described  as  woody  species,  none  of  which,  even 
by  name,  are  yet  in  British  gardens.  Cpubetccnt,  vi^alia,  BuehamintL,  and 
some  others,  mentioned  bj  Drs.  Wallicb  and  Royle,  are  yet  to  introduce 
irom  the  Himalayas ;  and  there  are  several  names  in  DeCandoUe's  Pmdromut 
of  wUdi  tiving  plants  are  not  in  our  gardens. 


ARBOHETUH    ET    FUUTICETUM    DRtTAHNtCUM. 


QHE 


^TRA'GENE  L.    The  Atraobns.    Im.  8i/it.  Polytuidru  Poljg/nii 

M(M((hMm.    LlDGm,  p.SlS,;  D«'illiU,l.|i.ll). 
ammimifima.     CliiDUli  Lam.  ind  Drt.  I  Alngm.  fy.  (od  Oct. 

JlrrfHAm.    Tb(  ninK  o[  ^irtftaa  fftm  u  1m  uka  Itam  tm  Orttk  wotdi  i  utnu,  ]n 
uHlinBi.blnb;  •Uudlng.u  ltlinippaMd,ta  iba 


bj  a  bearded  tatL     Colyledom  ^proximate  in  the  seed.  CDon't  Mill.) 
Leava   compound,  t^posite,  generally  eistipulate,  deciduoua ;  leafleta 

Tanoualj  cut.      Floweri   axillary,   pedunculate  ;   purple,   blue,  or  wbite. 

CtiinlMig  ihmbt,  natives  of  Europe  and  Korth  America. 

The  stragenes  differ  from  the  clematises  b  producing  leaTca  and  one  flower 
ftoni  the  same  bud  contemporaneous! v;  wbereas  in  most  clematiies  the 
flowers  are  produced  upon  wood  dereloped  previously  to  their  appearance 
fuid  during  ttie  same  season.  Hence  the  winter  buds  of  ^tHigene  are  larger 
than  those  of  Clematis,  from  their  including  the  flower  as  well  as  the  leaves 
of  the  £iicce«dbKfear.  In  atragenes  the  leaves  are  leas  divided  than  in  many 
of  the  species  of  Climata,  and  they  are  always  divided  teraately.  All  the 
species  of  ^cri^ene  described  in  this  work  have  petioles,  which  not  only  clasp 
olyecta,  like  those  of  Cl^muit,  but  maintain  the  hold  for  more  than  the 
season,  like  the  vine.  All  extremely  interesting  from  the  beauty  of  their 
blomoma.  The  culture  is  the  same  as  in  61eniatis,  and  the  propagation 
generally  by  layers. 

1  1.  ^tra'qbnb  alpi'n*  L.     The  Alpine  Atragene. 

■vtOIh  SmI-  1  JtrAffov  imtrlia  Seep.  vtA  Sol.  ttag. :   AtriMaaa  rfem^ 

iidptauwa.  blcl.>K>.9.i    C.  ilplu  0«.  mx.  I.  p.  lo.  ;  AttMtwdM 

/ntrawmgi.    Bot. iiep., I. IM.  1  Bat.U>c..I.ua.i  mdomjlt  W. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Peduncles    1-flowered,  longer  than   the   leaves.      Leaves 

biteruate ;  leaflets  ovate-Uneeolate,  acuminated,  serrate.    Petals  somewhat 

■pathulate,  blunt.  (Don't  Mill.)     A  deciduous  climber.     South  of  Europe, 

— ..; —    ;_   — 1~. .   =n;i.       Height   9  ft.     Introduced   in  1792. 


Varietie:  DeCandolle  mentions  \ta  varying  with 
white  flowers;  and  i<.  siblrica  Lm.,  described 
below  as  a  species  with  yellowish  white  flowers, 
luipears  to  us  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of 

The  Blems  are  numerous,  branchbg,  weak, 
forming  knots  at  the  joints  where  the  leaves  and  ^ 
flowers  arc  protruded.  One  flower,  on  a  longish  , 
scape,  springs  from  between  the  leaves.  Tlie  sepals 
are  twice  the  lenjrth  of  the  petals,  and  are  blue  , 
on  both  sides.  I^e  petals  are  small,  of  a  dirty  • 
white,  and  in  general  IE  in  number.  Very  oma- 
meutal.    layers. 


r.    JiANUNCULA\:fc£:    .^Ra'gENE, 
±  2.  A.  (a.)  sibi'rica  L.     The  Siberian  Atrtgene. 

UtnOL^im.     Shm,  Bot.  Hag.,  L  19U. :  DoD'l  Mill,,  1.  p.  10. 
tfmomfma.     Artgme  (Iplu  Qmet.  SA.  t.  p.  IM,  PilL  tiar.  But.  3.  p.  M. ;  Clfc 
'un/^  ni«   wn  ij.,  and  D«i.  fraif.  1.  f,  10- 


;^DM.  C%ar„  ^c.  Peduncles  l-flowered,  alnioBt  equal  in  length  with  the 
leaTes.  Learea  bitemate ;  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminated,  terrated. 
Petali  aoarginate  at  the  apex.  (Don't  MiUJ)  A  deciduous  climber. 
Sibaia,  on  mountainE.   Height  6  ft.  to  IS  ft.    Introduced  b  1753.   Flowera 

white;  June  and  July.     Fruit  white  ;  ripe  in  August,  r 

Decajing  leave*  broinuih. 
Farieiy.    A  blue-flowered  varietj  of  this  speciea  U  men-  S 
tioned  in  Bol.  Mag^  1. 1591,  which  is  probubly  theB 
A.  ocbot^nais  of  PbIIbb,  or  possibly  nothing  more  than  *,■ 
A.  alploa  ' 

There  is  a  considerable  rimilarily  in  this  to  the  last,  / 
in  foliage  and  habit  of  growth ;  but  it  is  leas  robusi  ~~  ' 
lest  branchy ;  its  branches  are  more  lign«ou»-lookin{ 
the  segmeats  of  the  leaves  long^.     The  calyxes  a  _,^^  „ 

flower  are  white,  longer,  and  with  the  tips  rather  con-  Lki!4^£j] 
nivcnt  than  spr^ing.  The  bark  and  foliage  are  of  a  ^Ox^^^ 
lighter  colour,  and  the  Sowers  longer  than  those  of  A.  „  _J^?2 
alploa ;  and  the  latter  are  perhaps  1^  numerous.  ^'*°* 

.1  3.  A,  aiibkica'ha  Simt.     The  American  ^cmgene. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Peduncles  I-flowered  ;  leaves  whorled,  in  fours,  temate  ; 
leaflets  stalked,  cordate  lanceolate,  acuminated,  entire  or  somewhat  lobcd 
or  seriated.  Petals  acute.  (Don't  ATiii.)  A  deciduous  climber.  Ver- 
mont  to  Carolina,  on  mountains  and  rocky  places.  Height  lOft.  to  15  ft. 
Introduced  in  1797.  Flowers  purplish  blue;  May  to  July.  Fruit  white; 
ripe  P.  Decayii^  leaves  dork  brown, 
FoTiely. 

A  A.  a.  8  ebSqua  Dou.  MS.— Leaflets  bluntly  serrated. 
This  gpedes  is  distinguishable  from  all  Che  other  Clema- 
tldete  described  in  this  work,  by  the  peculiarity  of  itx  leaves 
being  disposed,  not  oppositely  in  alternately  decusxating 
pairs,  but  in  whorls  of  four.  This  is  an  anomalous  cha- 
racteristic, which  DeCandolle  has  expressed  by  his  specific 
epithet  verliciU^ris.  The  flowers  are  very  large,  ana  cam- 
panulate.  Sqials  oblong-lanceolate,  bri^l  purplish  blue. 
(1\ir,  and  Gray.')    I^ayers. 

OlhcT  Specie!  and  VarieUei  of  Atr6gene.  —  A.  ochothati  Pall,  we  consider  as  a 
variety  of^.4.  dbirica  L.  A.  eobtoMdna  Nutt,  C.  columbi^na  Tor.  if  Gro^,  i. 
p.  11.,  has  teniBte  leaves,  and  pale  blue  flowers  smaller  than  those  of  .iJ.  ameri- 
cdaa.   It  is  B  native  of  the  Rocky  Hountuns,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 


Tribe  II,     Pjeovia'cSjB  Dec. 

Hyib.  Char.  At  once  distinguishable  from  tiematidece,  by  the  character  of 
the  anthers  opemm  to  admit  the  escape  of  the  pollen  on  the  side  next 
the  ovaries.  Id  Uematldete.  the  anthers  open  on  the  mde  outward  to  the 
ovaries.    The  sttivation  is  ijso  imbricate,  and  the  corpek  from  one-seeded 


18  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

to  mBiif-seetled.  Suffi'uticosc  deciduoui  shrubs,  of  low  growth,  natives  of 
temperate  climates. 

Leavet  compound,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate,  dedduous,  but  with- 
out posseasing  a  claspinK  power.  Floweri  very  large  in  Psconia,  very  small 
in  Xanthorbize ;  and  tbc  following  are  the  diBliDctiTe  charactcmticB  c^ 
these  genera :  — 

Pmo'^HU  L.    Sepals  persistent.    Petab  orbicular,  sesule. 

XiNTaoRHf  ZA  L.    Sepals  deciduous.    Petals  S>lobed,  unguiculate. 

Genus  I. 


a 


Thb  Psovv.    Ljn.  Syil.  Polyindria  Dt-Pentag^la. 
I  TVodU  wu  irpUed  bj  tha  Omki  la  theH  pluU,  whlrh  hars  conlLmuid 
Bj  i  Hiolna,  fV.i  OlcbCtHTOH,  loi  Pinnla,  Ofl-.g  Boh  dil  Hoatt,  Span-i 


Gen.  Char,  C(dyx  of  £  leafy,  unequal,  permanent  sepals.  Pei^  from  5  to  IP, 
somewhat  orbicutar.  Stamem  numerous.  IMc  fleshy,  girding  the  ovaries. 
CarpeU  follicular,  from  S  to  5,  laive,  many-aeeded,  terminated  with  thick 
bJlamellate  stigmas.    Seedi  rather  globose,  shining. 

Leacei  compound,  alternate,  bitematc  or  bipinnate.     FloiBert  large,  rosy, 

or  rosy  and  white,  usually  with  a  strong  disa^eeable  smell.     A  suffhiticosc 

shrub.    Height  from  3  ft.  to  10  tt.     Native  ot  China  and  Japan. 

There   is  but  one  ligneous   sDecies,  P.   Moilan  ;   but   there  are  several 

varieties ;  all   undershrubs,  which  never  attain  a  great  height,  and  the  wood 

of  which  always  retains  a  herbaceous  character,  with  a  large  pith.     The  roots 

ere  ramose  rather  than  tuberous.    The  whole  plant  is  narcotic  and  poisonous. 

The  varieties  are  all  beautiful,  and  hardy  in  most  parts  of  Great  Britain ; 

though,  from  vegetating  early,  they  commonly  suffer  from  spiing  frosts. 

I   I.  P.  Mou'tan  Sims.    The  Moutau,  or  Tree,  PsBony. 

-         -       "        ~        -     t.l.J>.Sa,;  Don'.HnL,l.p.6i 

F*,  tuAoticaH  BM.  Rip.  I  rlioliK  Moutau.  hkI 


t.  Prod..  I 


»  A'ri;r^  Ft.  liiiunirtlgi  GyiltarrMiij^G^.  j  Hm  Ouimg'.  lilS  P* 


IE  ilgDliy  Um  Uw  ud  tht  lub-dirublif  p«dt.    Tha  Ccnun 

.. . —  „—- ,  .-».    The  Chtnwe  MiiiB  HoM-Oa«ng  ifgiia™  ihe  king  o(  Sow. 

en,  illi^lDB  to  Uie  bwi»  S  the  plut  i  and  Pi.L»Dg-Kln,  e  buiidnd  ouncei  of  (Did,  In  illiiikm 
to  Om  high  pKn  irbkb  Kme  of  l£a  Tirietlei  bau-  In  Cblni. 
Spec.  Char.,  IfC.     S^mcnts  of  leaves  oval^oblong,  glaucous  underneath.     Car- 

Sis  5,  villose.    (Don't  Mill.)     A  deciduous  suShitescent  bush.     China, 
eight  3fl.  toeft.      Introduced  in  1787,     Flowers  jnnk;   May.      Fruit 
brownish  green ;  ripe  in  September. 
Decaying  leaves  brown  or  buck, 
Parielkt. 

■  P.  M.  1  papaveracea  Andrews. 
Bot.  R^.,  t.  4G3. ;  Lod.  Bot. 
Cab.,647.;  Bot.Mag.,8173.i 
and  our  &.  S9.— Petals  from 
6  to  13,  white,  with  a  purple 
spot  at  the  base  of  each. 
Capsules  altogether  enclosed 
in  the  urceolus,  or  disk.  In- 
troduced in  leOA.  Professor 
t>Qn    remarks  (Sv.  Br.  Fi^  b.  >■»..«.....,.,.«».. 


t.    RAtlVllCVh\\:EX  :    XAMTROBHf  ZA. 


the  nonnal  fonn  of  the  Hpecies,  aa  the  lata  Mr.  Oeorge  Anderaon 
susgested  in  bis  papa  on  tne  Butyect  in  the  Imnaan  TraniacHani, 

■  P.M.  8  Badaa  Andrem.  Bot. Rep.,  t. 4U 
Bot.  B^.,  379.  i  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1154.1  ai 
o\afy.  30.— Flowera  double.  Petak  sligbl 
tinged  with  blush,  becoming  Dearly  vhi 
at  the  edges,  loarked  u  the  base  with  pi 
plish  red.  In  the  centre  of  the  flower  a 
some  elongated  petals,  which  sometiin 
appear  to  nse  from  amongst  the  germei 
Cultivated  in  17BT. 


coDtinuall;  mcreaung,  in  consequence  of  cross  fe-     "^  ''*^  ■•*■  b*"**- 

cundatioQ  with  one  another,  and  with  the  herbaceous  specica.     They  are  all 

-raj  beautiful,  and  well  deserring  of  cultivation. 

The  P^Toa  Moutan,  m  ft  sheltered  situation,  will  attain  the  height  of  from 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  ten  yem  i  and  no  plant  caa  be  a  more  eorgeoua  ornament 
of  the  garden  than  such  a  bush,  abounding  as  it  does  in  tcsTcs  striking  from 
their  branched  character  and  Dumerous  laments,  and  in  very  magnificent 
flowers  of  extraordinan  size ;  both  leaves  and  flowers  being  [iroduced  early 
in  the  soring.  On  its  first  importation,  this  plant  was  ^wn  in  sandv  peet ; 
but  it  nai  since  been  found  to  thrive  best  in  dee^  rich  loamy  soil.  An 
open  situation  is  preferable,  both  on  account  of  maturing  the  wood  and  leaves, 
and  for  displaying  tbe  flowers  to  advantage ;  but  the  plant  must  be  sheltered 
from  the  cold  spring  winds,  unless  it  is  intended  to  cover  it,  when  it  is  in 
flower,  with  a  movable  glass  or  canvass  case.  The  protection  civen  to  this 
plant  b  necessary,  not  so  much  to  prevent  it  from  bong  ii^ured  during  winter 
(For  it  will  bear  the  winters  of  Pans  without  any  protection,  if  the  wood  has 
b««n  properly  ripened),  as  to  protect  the  tender  leaves  and  flowers  when  they 
first  appear,  m  April  and  Mav,  from  bdng  blackened  by  the  frost.  Seeds  are 
frequenity  produced  from  nnich  new  varieties  are  raised,  and  any  variety 
may  be  increased  by  division  of  the  root ;  by  mfting  on  the  tubers  of  herba- 
ceous pseonies,  any  lime  from  the  middle  of  September  to  the  middle  of 
March ;  by  budding,  a  mode  said  to  be  practised  by  the  Chinese  ;  by  layers, 
which  is  the  most  general  mode ;  bv  ringing  a  branch  beneath  each  bud,  and 
then  peg^ng  down  the  branch,  and  covering  it  with  soil ;  and  by  cutting. 


u 


Gen.  Oar.  Cs/ju  of  5  deciduous  sepals.  Pclaii  5,  of  two  rouodtsh  lobes 
raised  on  a  [Kdicet.  Slameia  5-10.  Ovariei  5-10.  Carpel*  2— 3-Eeeded, 
but  usually  solitary  fium  abortion.  {Don't  AtUl.,  L  p.  65.)  —  There  is  only 
one  species  known. 

Leavti  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous;  pinnately  divided, 
toothed,  and  serTated,  Floteen  in  racemes,  axillary,  compound,  appearing 
with  tbe  leaves. 


20 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICBTUM    BRITANNICUM. 


J*  1.  X«  ^iiFo^LiA  VHerit.    The  Parsley-leaYed  Yellow*Root. 

J^mti^ation.    L'H6r.  Sfcfrp.  nov.,  p.  79.  t.  88. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  68. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  65. ;  Tor. 

and  Gray,  L  p.  4a 
Sfnon§fmei.    Sjmtliorfalxa  opilfdlla  j  Zanthorlte  k  FeoUles  de  PersU,  Pr.  i  SeUerle4>lattiige  Gelb- 

wun,  Ger. 
DfHwaiion,    From  the  Greek  words  tianihot^  yellow,  and  rhtxa^  a  root ;  applied  ttom  the  depp 

yellow  coloor  of  the  rooti.    The  French  name  needs  no  explanation ;  and  the  German  is  a  literal 

translation  of  the  English  one. 
Engravings.    Lam.  111.,  t.  854. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  1736. ;  and  our^.  81. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Flowers  minute,  dark  purple,  often  by  abortion  polygamous. 
A  lowy  sufirutescent,  deciduous  shrub.  Flowers  dark  purple;  May. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Pennsylvania.  Introduced  in  ]  776.  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  or  brown,  dropping  in  September. 

A  small  shrub  with  yellow  creeping  roots,  which 
attain  a  large  sizei  and  throw  up  numerous  suckers; 
with  irreguuurly  pinnate  leaves,  branched  racemes,  and 
small  purplish  m>wers  (which  are  usuaUy  unisexual 
from  abortion)  rising  from  the  scaly  buds.  The  flowers 
appear  early  in  May,  and  continue  a  month  or  upwards 
before  they  drop  off.  We  have  never  heard  of  its 
ripening  seeds  in  Europe ;  nevertheless,  this  may  have 
occurred,  and  been  overlooked,  from  the  inoonspi- 
cuousness  of  the  shrub,  and  the  smaliness  of  its  fruit. 
Suckers,  or  division  of  the  root.  "•  x«iiKrt»«apiiriua. 


Ordee  II.     WINTER^^Cfi^ 

Ordinal  Charactbh.  Calyx  of  2^-6  deciduous  sepals,  and  2  to  many  petals  ; 
the  sepals  and  petals,  when  more  than  two,  disposed  ternately.  CarpeU 
whorl^,  very  rarely  solitary  from  abortion.  —  Evergreen  shrubs,  or  low 
trees,  chiefly  natives  of  warm  climates. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  full  of  pellucid  dots,  and 
coriaceous.  Properties  aromatic  and  stimu&nt.  IlUdum  is  the  only  genus  of 
this  order  which  contains  species  that  will  stand  out  in  the  open  air  in 
Britain. 

Genus  I. 


ILLITIUM  L,     Thb  Illicium,  or  Aniseed  Tebe.   Lm.  Syst,  Poly&ndria 

Polyg^nia, 

Identifteatkm.  Lin.  Gen.,  611. ;  Tor.  and  Ority,  1.  p.  42. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  77. ;  Don's  Mill., 
1.  p.  78. 

^vncmymef .    Badiane,  or  Anis-4toil£,  Fr. ;  Stemanls,  Qjr. 

Zferipotion.  The  goierlc  name  Illldam  is  formed  from  the  Latin  word  iUidOt  to  allure,  on 
account  of  the  agraeable  aromatic  smell  of  all  the  species.  It  Is  called  the  Aniseed  Tree,  from  iu 
smdl  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  that  of  aniseed.  Badiane  uppeaxt  to  be  an  aboriginal  French 
word ;  Anis-^toil£,  and  Stemanls,  signify  literally  the  starry  anise,  and  may  allude  to  the  starry 
dispositicm  of  the  parts  of  the  flower  and  of  the  capsules. 

Gen,  Char,  Cafyx  of  3-6  petal-like  sepals.  Carpels  stellately  disposed,  cap- 
sular, opening  on  the  upper  side,  l-seeded.  (Don*s  Mill,,  i.  p.  79.) 

«  1.  Illi'cium  florid a'num  EUis,    The  Florida  Illiciimi. 

MentifieMihn.    Lin.  Blant.,  896. ;  Doc.  Prod.,  1.  p.  77. ;  Don's  MilL.  1.  p.  79. 

Synmwmet,    The  Florida  Aniseed  Tree,  rcd-ilowered  Anise-seed  Tree,  Mor.  Hiti,  ;  Badiane  de  la 

Floride,  Fr.  iunachter  (spurious)  Stemanls,  Oer. 
Engraving*.    Bot.  Mag.,  489. ;  Lod.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  909.  \  and  our>l^.  S2. 

Spec,  C/iar,,  Sfc,  Petals  27 — 30,  dark  purple,  outer  ones  oblong,  inner 
ones  lanceolate.     {DorCs  Mi/i.)      An  evergreen  glabrous  shrub.     West 


II.  ■WIVTERA'CBJ! :    ILLI'CIUM. 

Floritia  to  Louisiaiia,  in  swamps.  Height 
4  ft.  to  6  (I.  iDtroduced  in  1766.  Flowers 
dark  reddish  purple,inth  the  odour  or  anise  1 
April  to  June.  Fruit  none  in  En^and. 
Decaying  leaves  reddisli  brown,  dropping  in 

A  compftct,  manf-stemmed,  busby,  erer- 
green,  Blow-growins  shrub,  attuning,  in  the 
ndghbourhoad  of  London,  the  hei^t  of  6  or 
8  feet  or  upwards,  and  flowering  eterj  year. 
The  leaves  are  oblong-lanceolate,  quit«  entire, 
pointed  at  both  eitremities,  smooth,  shining, 
and,  in  common  with  the  whide  plant,  have  a 
ritdi  leddish  hue.  The  flowers  are  numerous, 
solitary,  and  terminal ;  and  bear  some  general 
resemblance  to  those  of  Calyc6nthus  fl6ridus. 
The  manner  in  which  the  plaot  is  propagated 
in  the  London  nurseries  is,  generally,  by  fertn- 
ing  stools  of  it  in  a  cold^it,  and  laying  down 
the  shoots,  which  require  two  years  to  root 
sufficiently  to  admit  of  their  being  separated 

from  the  parent  plant;    but  it  '" '^ 

propagated  by  cuttings  both  of  tl     _ 
of  the  old  wood.    This  very  handsome 
green  shrub  is  sufficiently  hardy  to  have  re- 
sisted the  winter  of  1837-8,  in  several  situations 
in  the  climate  of  London. 


;s  both  of  the  young  and 


OrdsrIII.    MAGNOL/^CE.^ 

Obd.  Cbab.  Catsx  of  3  deciduous  sepals.  Cero/la  of  3 — 18  petals,  dis- 
posed in  threes.  Attikeri  adnate,  eloiwated.  Carpdt  numerous,  disposed 
along  a  spiked  axis.  Lcaoet  destitute  ofpellucid  dots,  stipulate  when  young. 
,St(pi^  convolute,  and  enclosing  the  uneipanded  leaves.  —  Evergreen  and 
dcdduous  trees  and  shrubs,  chiSy  natives  of  warm  climates. 

Lauxt  simple,  altemste,  stipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous;  oblong,  not 
dotted,  more  or  less  coriaceous,  articulated  distinctly  with  the  stem,  and, 
when  expanding,  rolled  together  like  those  of  i^cus.  Floweri  large,  mostly 
white  or  yelloinsh.  Setdi  roundish,  large,  red  or  brown, — The  species 
hardy  in  British  gardens  are  mcluded  under  the  genera  Msgndlin  and 
Liriodendron,  the  diSerentiai  characters  of  which  are  as  follows  :  — 

1A\ano>UA  L.    Carpel  dehiscent;  that  is,  opening  to  admit  the  esc^e  of  the 

Liriodb'itoron  L.  Carpel  iodehiscenti  that  is,  not  opening  to  admit  the 
esct^  of  Ae  seed. 

Genus  I. 


iSSQ 


MAONO'Lr^  L.     The  Maonolu.    Lm.  St/tl.  Foly&ndria  Polygf  nil 
UnutlcsUss.    tin.  Hoi., SKI.,  Dec. Prod..  ].  p.T>.|  Don't  Uil!.,  I. 
Jb»>ii>Ma,     HltulliS  fr-  uxl  B*'-  \  BMxrbuiii  Hurl,,  mi  Munr 
DtrirMm.     Th«  unw  VifMta  WH  |4ini  to  UlU  tniui  bj  LlSDEUI 
due  tad   prefect  of  tho  boUnlo  gi 


m.  bnTET  wood,  li  ^Uod  genaiaUt 


M  s*DHk*llj>  br  Hiutvn  in 
U  ifTlM  nnlj  io  M.  (UlcL 


■■  iirdtn  u  HontMlIn'.    Thi 
lfi>R>«  in  Uit  fiSnw  Carlir 


22  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETDM  BRITANNICUM. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  of  3  deciduous  sepals,  that  resemble  petals.  CoroUa  of 
from  6—9  petals.  Stamens  numerous.  Pistilt  numerous.  Carpelt  disposed 
compactly  m  spikes,  opening  by  the  external  angle,  1 — ^2-Beeded,  permanent. 
Seeds  baccate,  somewhat  corc&te,  pendulous,  lumging  out  beyond  the  car- 
pels by  a  very  long  umbilical  white  thread. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire,  large, 
oblong  or  oval,  stipulate.  Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  large,  odoriferous. 
Seed  large,  roundish,  produced  in  conical  strobiles.  Trees  and  shrubs, 
natives  of  North  America  and  Asia. 

One  of  the  species  is  a  lofty  evergreen  tree ;  but  the  others  are  decidu- 
ous, and  partly  trees  and  partly  shrubs.  The  seeds  are  mostly  of  a  scarlet 
colour.  The  roots  are  branched,  and  yet  but  sparingly  supplied  with 
fibres.  Magnolias  may  be  cultivated  in  most  parts  of  Britain,  and  of  the 
middle  and  southern  states  of  Europe  ;  but,  north  of  London  and  Paris,  some 
of  the  species  require  protection  during  winter,  or  to  be  kept  in  the  green- 
house. A  deep  sandy  soil,  and  a  situation  sheltered  from  the  north  and  east, 
will  suit  most  of  the  species  ;  though  some,  as  M.  ^laiica,  for  example,  thrive 
best  in  a  moist  *  peaty  soil.  Few  of  the  species  npen  seeds  in  England,  but 
most  of  them  do  so  in  France.  From  these  seeds,  or  from  such  as  are  im- 
ported, all  the  American  species,  except  M.  grandiildra,  are  most  frecjuently 
raised  ;  but  the  species  from  Asia  are  increased  by  layers,  as  are  occasionally 
some  of  the  more  rare  of  the  American  species.  In  no  case  whatever  would 
we  recommend  purchasing  any  species  of  magnolia  not  grown  in  a  pot ; 
because  plants  so  grown  may  be  sent  to  anv  distance  without  injury  to  the 
roots,  which  are  few  and  succulent,  and  easily  damaged  by  exposure  to  the 
air  and  light.  The  hardv  species  of  this  genus  are  included  in  two  sections, 
Magnolioi/rum  and  Gwilumttf. 

§  i.    Maffnoliastrum. 


m 


Derhathm.    MagnU^ ;  and  a#htim,  ftom  ad  (nstatt  an  affixed  particle,  signifying  Hken«u. 

Sect.  Char.  American  species,  with  one  spathe-like  bractea  enclosing  the 
flower-bud ;  ovaries  approximate ;  anthers  bursting  outwards.  (Don^s 
Mill.,  i.  p.  83.) 

f  1.  Magno^l/uI  GRANDiFLoHiA  L.    The  large-flowered  Magnolia. 

IdeniiftcaHom.  Lla  Sp.,  766.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  80. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  8S. ;  Tor.  and  Gray, 
1. p.  Ai. 

Synonymea.  Laurel-Ieared  Magnolia,  the  large-flowered  evergreen  Magnolia,  the  Laurel  Bar,  big 
Latirel,  the  large  Magnolia ;  Laurler  tulipier,  Fr.  In  Louittana ;  Hagnolie  it  grandes  Fleun, 
/v.;  grostblumiger  Magnolie,  or  Bleberbaum  (Beaver-wood  Tree),  Qcr, 

Engravingi.    Mill.  Ic.,  9.  1. 178. ;  the  plate  In  vol.  t.  of  Arb.  Brit.  Itt  edit. ;  and  oxafig.  34. 

Spec.  ChaT.y  Sfc.  Evergreen.  Leaves  oval-oblong,  coriaceous,  upper  surface 
shining,  under  surfiice  rusty.  Flowers  erect,  9 — 12  petals,  expanding.  {DwCs 
MilL)  A  large  evei^green  tree.  North  Carolina.  Height  m  North 
America  60  ft.  to  70  ft. ;  in  England  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1737. 
Flowers  white,  fragrant ;  June  to  September.  Strobile  brown,  with  scarlet 
seeds ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  and  orange^  dropping  in 
June.    Young  wood  green. 

Variet9es. 

2  M.  g,  2  oboviUa  Ait. — Leaves  obovate-oblong.  Flowers  expanded. 
(^Juort,  Kew.y  iii.  p.  329.)  This  seems  to  be  the  only  variety  found 
in  a  wild  state.  In  British  gardens  it  is  a  magnificent  plant,  the 
broad  ends  of  its  leaves  forming  a  conspicuous  feature,  and  distin- 
guishing it  readilv  from  the  original  species,  the  leaves  of  which  are 
pointed ;  but  it  does  not  flower  freely. 


111.    ttKOKOLIA'CE^ :    HAONOY/^.  23 

t  M.  g.  3  eximhuu  Hart.  M.  g.  lanceoUta  Aii. ;  M.  g.  stricta  Hoii. ; 
H.  g.  femiglneB  Hurt.  The  Exmouth  MagKoSa.  (Bat.  Mtw.,  t. 
1958.;  Bou'Oab.,  t.  1B14.;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lat  editioD,  toI.  v.; 
Midourj^.33.)  — The  leavts  are  oUoog-elliptical,  genenily  rusty 


underneatl).     Flowers  somewhat  contracted.      This  is  the  moBt 
diitinct  of  all  the  varieties  of  the  species,  and,  on  account  of  its 
flowering  early  and  freely,  the  one  best  deserving  of  general  culture. 
It  forms  a  tail,  fastigiaCe,  elegant  bush,  oi  tree,  and  has  attained 
the  height  of  30 1^.,  as  a  standard,  at  rarious  places  in  the  South  of 
England. 
t  JH.  g,  4  angmlifolia  Hort,  —  Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed  ot  both  extre- 
mities, wavy.     A  very  distinct  variety,  introduced  from  Paris  about 
1885,  which  has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 
1  ATc.  S^rte'cwr  Andry. — Leaves  oval-oblong.  Flowers  fully  expanded. 
This  IS  an  early  variety,  introduced  from  I*aris  about  1630.     The 
flowers  are  as  large  as  those  of  any  of  the  varieties,  and  they  ate 
produced  from  the  end  of  May  till  the  approach  of  winter. 
OtAer  VanelKi.     In  consetjuence  of  the  great  demand  for  this  species  in 
the  nurseries,  many  slight  vanacions  have  been  noticed  by  cultivators,  and 
named  as  distinct.     In  the  ^rden  of  the  London  Horticultural   Society, 
in  1834,  there  were  plants  with  the  following  names  :  — ^-  g-  vera,  M.g. 

lah/olia,  M,g.  exomenai  var.,  and  M,  g.  ruHgmdia.     In  the  London  n 

re  —  M.  g.rotundi/olia  Svt.,  M.  g.  e!"-"--  "'    ~' — '    ■"   "' 


r.  g.  rotundifoUa  Swt.,  M-g-  eUipUca  Ait.,  and  various  others, 
in  tne  nursery  of  M.  ifoy,  at  Angers,  are  18  varieties,  among  which  ere 
included  M.  g.  longijiitia  tmdalala,  M.  g.  exonieruti  d  fifVF  demi-doubtc,  M. 
g.  canalictili,  M.  g.  Jlorii&rula,  M.  B.  fitii'  variegdtii.  Sec.  At  Desio,  near 
Monia,  there  is  a  variety  called  M-g.  rnagordeiuu. 

Selection  of  Varietiei.  M.  g.  oboBola  deserves  the  preference  for  the  mag- 
nificence of  its  foliage ;  and  M.  g.  exomeruU,  because  it  flowers  early  and 
freely ;  and  because,  from  the  fastigiate  form  of  the  tree,  it  is  leas  liable 
to  be  injured  by  h  heavy  fall  of  snow ;  it  seems  also  to  grow  &£ter  then 
any  of  the  other  varieties.  Where  the  tree  is  to  be  tmined  agunst  a  wall, 
M.  g.  pree'cex  deserves  the  preference,  on  account  of  the  largeness  of  its 
flowers,  and  because  the^  ^pear  early,  and  continue  during  the  whole 
nunmcr.    Jlf.  g.  ongtofj/abi  deserves  culture  on  account  of  its  foliage,  which 


24  ARBORETITH    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANMICUM. 

is  qiihe  distinct  from  ihU  of  all  the  other  varieties.  The  species  sold  in 
the  nurseries  as  the  coiiinion  brosd-leBred  Magnolia  grandifldra  is  fre- 
qiienllj'  raised  from  American,  French,  or  Italian  seeds  ;  and,  hence,  the 
plants,  thou^  they  grow  freely,  do  not  flower  for  SO  or  30  years  after  being 

Slanted  out.  For  this  reason,  wlien  it  is  desired  to  have  plants  of  the 
[agnAlin  srandifldra  which  will  ilower  early,  those  plants  which  have  been 
raised  bv  layers  from  flowering  trees  ought  to  have  the  preference  i  or  the 
Exmouth,  or  some  other  varietv,  should  be  made  choice  of,  because  the 
varieties  are  always  raised  fronj  layers. 

In   its  native  country,  M,  grandifldra    is  a   tree   varying   from  60  ft.  U> 
100  ft.,  or  upwards,  in  neighti  but  in  Europe,  excrat  in  some  situat' 
Spnin  and   Italy,  and  a  few  in  the  South  of  Engbod,  it  is  chiefly 
considered  a*  a  wall  tre& 


A  deep  sandy  loam,  dry  at  bottom,  and  enriched  with  vegetable  mouM  or 
heath  soil,  seems  to  suit  all  the  varieties  of  this  species.  When  these  are 
to  be  trained  against  a  wall,  any  aspect  may  be  chosen,  except,  perhaps,  the 
north-east.  To  display  the  flowers  to  the  greatest  advantage,  to  a  spectator 
walking  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  wall,  the  ground  plan  of  the 
latter  should  be  curvilinear,  by  which  means  a  direct  or  front  view  of  a 
considerable  portion'  would  be  brought  before  him.  In  the  London  nur- 
series, propagation  is  generally  eflected  by  forming  stools  either  in  warm 
aitiiations  m  the  ojien  air,  to  be  protectnl  durii^  winter,  or  in  cold-pits. 
Tbe  shoots  are  lajd  down  in  autumn,  and  require  two  yean  to  become 
auffidently  rooted  for  separation ;  they  are  then  potted,  and  kept  in  pits 
or  under  glass  during  winter,  and  set  in  the  open  air,  in  a  shady  place, 
during  summer,  till  wanted  for  final  planting.  M.  grandifldra  is  also  occa- 
sion^y  raised  from  American  seeds.  In  planting,  the  ball  should  be  care- 
fully broken  by  the  hand,  and  the  roots  spread  out  in  eveiy  direction,  and 
covered  with  heath  mould,  or  a  mixture  of  leaf  mould  and  nody  loam.    The 


III.    KAQKOLJA^CEjE :    MAOSO^LIJ.  25 

soil  ought  to  be  maile  firm  to  the  fibroua  roots,  not  by  treading,  but  by 
abundant  watering,  and,  if  the  plant  be  large,  by  filing  with  water;  that  is, 
while  the  earth  is  being  careTulIy  put  about  the  roots  by  one  man,  another 
diould  pour  water  from  a  pot  held  6  fl.  or  8  ft.  above  it,  so  that  the  weight 
of  the  water  maj'  wash  the  soil  into  eierj  crevice  formed  by  the  roots, 
and  consolidate  it  there.  Shading  will  be  advisable  for  some  weeks  after 
planttng.  If  the  Exmouth  variety  be  chosen,  layers  will  produce  Sowers  in  a 
year  or  two  after  bong  separated  fivm  the  parent  plant,  if  kept  in  pots;  but, 
when  they  are  planted  out,  and  grow  freely,  so  as  to  make  shoots  of  3  or  3 
feet  every  season,  they  will  probably  not  flower  for  three  or  four  years. 
Whether  the  tree  be  against  a  wall  or  trelh's,  or  treated  as  a  standard,  all  the 
pruning  it  will  require,  after  it  has  b^un  to  grow  freely,  will  be,  to  cut  out 
the  stump*  from  whicb  the  Sowers  or  the  strobiles  have  dropped  off,  and 
any  dead  or  decaying  wood,  and  any  branches  which  cross  and  rub  on  each 
other.  Magnolias  against  a  wall  require  very  little  protection,  even  when 
youn^;  and  this  can  easily  be  gjven  by  mulching  the  ground  at  the  roots,  and 
covering  thdr  blanches  with  a  mat,  or  with  the  fronds  of  the  spruce  fir, 

t  2.  M.  OLAu'c*  L.     The  glaucous-Jnitwd  Magnolia. 
Uemtl/kmliom.    lin.  Sp.,  1.  p.  tU.  i  Tor.  udGrij,  ].  p.«.  |  Dk.  Prod.,  I,  |I.10.|  Om'i  ICIU 

S^itufma.    M.  (Mnaii  SoUiS. ;  Bmup  Buufrmi,  Bsnr-vood.  wblla  B*7.  null  HifnolU. 

Sviwi  HuBolU  I  UifuoUe  glBuqiK  Ann  ^~ '^'*'^  "'  ■  —«—"»-» — • "— 

Drrirallom.  It  li  nviwd  Snmp  Suiftu  ^ - 


VfAonba.  Itll  nuwl  Smmp  Suuftu  on  account  or  lU  STOwllif  In  txlHT  Pix**.  ■Bd  mnnbllng 
Id  qmlltlE*  Lba  LAdnu  SifRdVai  (■DdBHVBC-ivood.bKuiH  lbs  root  LiaBlcnM«ST«stdalatybr 
lb*  teHtn,  uid  Umh  uilauji  u*  aubt  if  bmsu  of  II.  It  *!»  (towi  tn  tba  ivuupL  vUck  thn 
Inlullllt  ud  Miduaildku  that  It  fifUladtiv  than  lijr  coucniKlBS  IfaoiT  dm  ud  houHt,lB 

prcftTHia  WsnTgUHTtn*,  iwucsuiitc'"- — ' '■' -■ 

EwnvAWI.    Lo^.  BoC  at,  t.  lit.  :  Slj 
Bitt.,  Ittolll.Tel.T. )  •BdoatA.SS. 


prdkmia  WsnTgUHTtn*,  iwucsuiitorUMH. 

" • —     ■  --'"  --  "-'    ■  —  -  ""—  "-'  " •^^  plat*  of  Ihl*  ipcdu  Id  Alb. 


jaiU.)  A  shrub,  or  low  tree,  somedmea  sub-evergreen.  Massachusetts  to 
bCssouh  in  swamps.  Height  in  America  3  ft.  to  10  ft.;  6  ft.  to  SO  ft.  in 
England.  Introduced  in  1688,  Flowers  white,  S  in.  to  3  in.  broad,  very 
fragrant;  June  and  September.  Strobile  brownish.  Seeds  deep  scarlet; 
ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow,  brown,  or  black.  Naked  your^ 
wood  green. 


T  M.  glauca  2  i«mpervireni  Hort.  —  Sub-evergreen,  and  with  smajter 
leaves  than  those  of  the  aext  varien. 

1  M.  glaiayi  3 'nomjuoraina  TTioBip.  i/t.g\aiu:ajar.  amajar  Bol.Jtfag., 
new  edition,  p.  36.  The  phite  of  this  in  the  Arb.  Brit.,  first  ediuoj), 
vol.  v.;  and  our  j^.  36. —  It  was  noticed  about  1880,  in  a  pot  of  seed* 
lings,  by  Hr.  Thompson,  in  his  nursery  at  BCle^end ;  and  by  him  kcpl 
distinct,  BDd  propagated  under  the  above  iiam& 


ARBORETUM   ET  ERUTICETUH   BRITANNICUU. 


OUKr  FaneHei,  M.  gfa&ca  (TorJoniina  and  M.  glaica  Burch^l&ae,  are 
names  found  to  nuraerymea'B  catalogues,  of  varieties  said  to  iiave  double  or 
semi-double  flowers.  JVf,  g,  longijma  Pursh  js  supposed  to  be  an  abori- 
ginal Tariety,  and  aub-evergreen ;  but  we  think  it  probably  the  same  variety 
as  M.  g.  Tnampsoiuana,  wbich  may  have  come  up  wild  in  America,  as  well 
as  in  Mr.  Thompson's  nursery,  if.  g,  Carddnii,  M.  CftrdoD  J.  Knight,  is  a 
variety  imported  from  Belgium,  where  it  was  found  by  Mr.  Knight  of 
the  Exotic  Nunery,  in  the  nursery  of  M.  Cardon,  after  whom  he  has 
named  iL 

A  low  tree,  nearly  evei^reen  in  moist  soils,  with  a  slender  stem,  covered 
with  a  smooth  whitish  l^ik.  The  wood  is  white  and  spongy;  the  young 
shoots  of  a  fine  green.  The  leaves  are  smooth,  of  a  bluish  green  on  their 
upper  surfiice,  and  whitish  or  glaucous  and  a  little  hairy  underncBth.  The 
flowers  are  produced  in  Hay  or  June,  at  the  extremity  of  the  last  year's  shoots. 
They  have  six  concave  white  petaJs,  and  have  an  agreeable  odour.  The 
spike  or  strobile  of  fruits  is  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  conical,  an  inch  In 
diameter  in  the  widest  part,  and  of  a  reddish  brown  colour  when  ripe.  When 
the  plant  is  in  a  soil  supplied  with  moisture  during  the  summer,  it  continues 
to  produce  flowers  till  the  autumn,  and  retains  part  of  its  leaves  all  the  winter : 
in  dry  situations  the  leaves  drop  off.  Seeds  are  frequently  ripened  in  Eng- 
land :  they  are  of  a  bright  scarlet,  and  they  hang  down  by  slender  white 
threads,  as  in  ell  the  other  American  spe<nes.  The  young  shoots  are  from  I  (t. 
to  18  in.  in  len^h,  and  the  plant,  in  ordinary  circumstances,  will  attain  the 
height  of  18  ft.  m  ten  years.  Plants  are  generally  raised  from  seeds  imported 
from  America,  which  should  be  sown  in  pots  of  bog  earth  about  the  begin- 
ning of  March,  atid  placed  in  gentle  heat  under  glass.  In  a  year  they  will  be 
fit  to  transplant  into  small  pots ;  and  every  year  they  should  be  shifttd  into 
others  of  s  larger  size,  till  wanted  for  final  planting  out,  H.  glaiica  Thomp- 
Bonia'iu,  and  the  other  varieties,  are  propagated  by  layers,  wUch  require  two 
years  to  root  properly. 


III.  UAOItOI^IA  CEJS  1  maono'l/^.  27 

1  3.  Maoho^lm  tripb'tala  L.    The  threc^tetaled  Magnolia. 

I.  8p.,  S.  p.  7t6. ;  Michl.,  S.  tk  30. 

nbrfllm  l.am.,  Nam.  Dith.,  Da.  Froi.,  Dni'i  lliU.,  Ttr.  k  Grot  i  U.  aonaftu 
smao.  1  UH  uiabnlU  Tnei  UmtH'slU  HuRDlLa  -,  Elkmiod ;  HKaolle  Fuuo],  uil  Artan 
Puuol  fy. ;  dnrbliitDlnr  fflibn-liwiiii,  dr^bUnrlga  Mignolla,  litr. 
DfTtraiiam^    Thb  ipecdM  laall«dtta«  Umbralli  Tnv,  Hcwdlng  to  Ukhiux,  Iweuiu  lu  l«wap 

■  lD.faniail,u*  uRn  dlipoHd  tai  rni  U  the  «lnail»  of  rlfoooi  ibootai  ud  tScu  dtaptar* 
■BTfKaorilft  bdlMUrter.fatlwteBiarmuDbnUii.  Tbatew  li  oUid  Blkmod  Id  the  now- 
Mhii  of  Vliikili,  prstntilr  mm  tha  hhbiIiIuks  whldi  lb*  pobiu  at  tbe  ihoau  bur  to  tiM  honu 
of  tha  dk.  Th*  FnDch  nuHi  nunlj  ilfstiy  uubnlli  Rk.  ud  tlw  Gruwi  odh  the  thm- 
pauled  bum  Irte,  or  nuinoIlL 
£a(r»^(.    WEhi.  AHi.;i.  1.  ».  (  Lodd.  Dot.  Cdi.,  t.  41S, ;  tbs  puie  ta  ihli  ip*elM  In  Arii.  BHI. 

Spec.Ckar^^.  Dedduous.  Leaves  lanceolate,  spreading, adult  ones  smootb, 
younger  onea  pubescent  underneath.  Petals  9 — IS,  exterior  ones  pendent. 
{Dot?!  MUl.,  L  p.  83.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Oeorgia,  in  moist  soil.  Height  20  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  America  ;  15  ft. 
to  30  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1758.  Flowers  uhite,  7  in.  to  6  in. 
in  diameter,  with  an  unpleasant  odour ;  May  to  July.  Strobile*  rose* 
coloured,  4  in.  to  5  in.  long ;  ripe  in.  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown 
or  black,     Naked  joimg  wood  of  a  fine  maliogany  brown. 


\ 


This  tree,  both  in  America  and  Europe,  is  remarkable  for  the  largeness 
of  its  leaves  and  its  flovera.  The  wood  is  spongy,  brittle,  with  a  lai^  pith, 
soft,  porous,  and  of  very  little  use.  The  b(ul  upon  the  trunk  is  grev, 
smooth,  and  polinhed  ;  and,  if  cut  while  green,  it  exhales  a  disagreeable 
odour.  In  Britain  the  tree  sends  up  various  shoots  from  the  root,  to  replace 
the  stems,  which  are  seldom  of  long  duration ;  so  that  a  plant  that  has  stood 
thirty  or  (brtj  years  in  one  spot  has  had  its  stems  several  tunes  renewed  during 
that  period.  The  leaves  are  18  or  SO  inches  lone, and  Tor  8 inches  broad. 
The  flowers  are  7  or  8  inches  in  diameter,  with  large  white  flaccid  petals;  thejr  are 
borne  on  the  extremities  of  the  last  year's  shoots,  have  a  languid  luxurious 
appeaiance,  aod  a  sweet  but  heavy  odour.    The  fruit,  which  is  conical,  is  5or 


28  AKBORETUH    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

C  inches  long,  and  ttbout  2  in.  In  diameter  i  it  ia  of  a  beauttful  rote  colour,  and 
containa  usuiillj  Trom  50  to  60  seeds.  Hiis  species  is  >ery  tiardy,  and  can 
withEtand  the  most  ligorous  winters,  when  the  summer  has  been  sufficiently 
hot  to  ripen  the  wood  thoroughly.     As  it  is  a  short-lived  tree,  and  conte- 

Suently  flowen  early,  there  is  not  the  same  abjection  to  reisiiw  plants  of  it 
'om  aeed,  as  there  is  to  ruaing  plants  in  that  manner  of  M.  grandifldra, 
which  ia  along-lived  species.  The  soil  should  be  a  deep,  rich,  sand;  loam,  and 
the  situation  sheltereii  and  shaded.  Exposure  to  the  sun  is  injurious ;  and, 
trained  gainst  a  south  wall,  the  plant  suflers  extremely.  A  sheltered  glade 
in  a  shrubbery  or  wood,  where  the  tree  is  sufficiently  distant  from  others  not  to 
be  injured  by  theirroots,  is  the  most  desirable  rite.  In  the  nurseries  it  is 
nluioBt  alwaya  propagated  by  seeds,  which  should  be  sown  immediatdy  after 
ihey  are  gathered,  aa  when  they  are  left  exposed  they  become  nuicid  and  loae 
their  vital  qualitiea ;  though,  if  enveloped  In  moist  moss  or  earth,  they  mtty  be 
preserved  for  several  months.  The  plants  should  be  kept  in  pots  until 
required  for  final  transplanting. 

A  Mr.     The  iong-leaved  Magnolia. 


MunoUn  b«Diiu<«,  Fr.;  sT«Ht>IKaij»  BlgbwnuiB,  G 
SHtramgi.    BoL  Ua(.,9LB9.  i  Ihs  ]>IU*  Id  Arb.  Oit.,  IM  sdll.  nil.  t.  ;  udoor/f.lS. 

Spec. CioT.i^c.  Deciduous.  LeavesTerylargcoblong-obovate, somewhat  pandit- 
riform.  cordate  at  the  base,  under  surface  whitish,  glaucous.  Petals  6 — 9, 
ovate.  {Don't  MiU.)  A  dedduous  tree  of  the  middle  aiie.  North  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia.  Height  SOft.  to  40ft.  in  America  ;  ]5ft.  to  30ft.  in 
England.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  white,  with  a  purple  spot  near 
the  base  of  each  petal;  Sin.  to  lOin.  in  diameter,  fragrantj  June  and 
July.  Strobile  rosc'coloured ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leavei  yellow, 
brown,  or  black.    Naked  young  wood  of  a  whitiah  brown. 


III.    MAQVOUA^CE^:   MAONO^L/^.  29 

The  general  appearance  of  this  tree  sreatlv  resembles  that  of  Magadlia 
trip^tala.  The  terminal  arrangement  of  the  leaves  is  the  same,  and  it  is 
remarkable  that  in  America  the  two  trees  are  almost  always  found  together. 
In  point  of  size,  it  exceeds  the  M.  tripetala,  both  in  its  leaves  and  general 
heignt ;  but  it  is  seldom  found  higher  than  35  ft.,  which  exceeds  the  height 
of  the  other  by  a  sixth  part  only.  The  body  of  the  tree  is  covered  with 
a  smooth  and  veiy  white  bark,  by  which,  in  the  winter,  when  stripped  ot 
its  leaves,  it  is  reatulv  distinguished  from  M.  trip^tala.  At  this  season,  also,  it 
mav  be  distinguished  by  its  buds,  which  are  compressed,  and  covered  with  a 
soft  and  silvery  down ;  whereas  in  M.  trip^tala  they  are  prominent  and  rounded 
at  the  end.  The  leaves,  in  its  native  country,  are  35  in.  long,  and  9  or  10 
inches  broad  ;  and  in  vigorous  plants,  in  England,  they  sometimes  even  exceed 
these  dimensions.  They  are  borne  on  petioles  short  in  comparison  with  the 
size  of  the  leaves,  and  are  of  an  oblong  oval  shape,  pointed  at  the  extremity, 
and  cordiform  at  the  base ;  their  colour  is  light  green  above,  and  glaucous 
beneath*  The  fruit  is  about*4  in.  lone,  nearly  cylindrical,  and  of  a  vivid  rose- 
colour  when  arrived  at  maturity.  Young  plants  of  this  species  grow  very 
slowly  till  they  are  thoroughly  established,  which  will  require,  in  general, 
two  years.  The  year's  shoots  mav  then  be  from  1  ft.  to  2  ft. ;  so  that  in  ten 
years  a  plant  may  attain  the  heicht  of  12  or  15  feet.  It  may  be  considered 
a  short-lived  tree,  and,  like  all  suoi,  it  comes  into  flower  when  young.  It  has 
rarely,  if  ever,  been  propagated  in  this  country  by  inarching  or  layers,  and 
yer^  seldom  from  seeds  ;^  and,  hence,  the  plant  is  very  spann^ly  distributed. 
Soil,  propagation,  &c.,  as  in  M.  trip^tala.  Seeds  are  ripened  m  France,  and 
young  plants  imported  from  that  country,  or  from  North  America. 

1  5.  M.  ACUtfiNA^TA  L,    The  pointed^leaved  Magnolia. 

IdemiigeaUon,     Lin.  8p.,  756.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  80.;   Don's  Hill.,  I.  pi  88.;  Tor.  and  Gray,  1. 

Sgmomffmes,    M.  rAftlc^  and  M.  pennsfWinlca,  of  some ;  the  Una  Magnolia,  Sng. ;  the  Cucumber 

Treo,  U»  S,  %  Magnolwr  acnmin^,  Magnollar  k  Feuillet  poinUea,  JV. ;  lugefpUxer  Btebertwum^ 

Oer, 
DerHmtkm.    This  ipeclet  It  called  tte  Cucumber  Tree,  in  America,  flrom  Iti  fruit  reaembllng  a 

•mall  cucumber.    The  other  namca  are  tranalatkms  of  the  botanic  one. 
Emtrawktgs.    Mich.  Arb.,  8.  p.  88.  t.8. ;  BoL  Mag.,  M27. ;  and  the  plate  faa  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit. 

Tol.  ▼. ;  and  onr^.  88. 

Spec,  Char,^  fc,  I>eciduous.  Leaves  oval,  acuminate,  under  surface  pubescent. 
Flowers  6 — 9-petaled.  (Don's  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  Urge  size.  New 
York  to  Geoigia.  Height  in  America  60  ft.  to  80  ft.,  wiui  the  trunk 
4  ft.  to  5  ft.  in  diameter  at  the  base  ;  in  Encland  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1736.  Flowers  yellowish  within,  glaucous  without,  slightly  fra- 
grant; May  to  July.^  Strobile  cylindrical,  brownish  red,  3  in.  lone;  ripe 
m  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown  or  black.  Wood  of  a  manogany 
brown, 

Vmieiiei, 

1  M,a,2Cand6UiSavL — Leaves  ovate  oblong,  acute.   Flowers  greenish. 

Figured  in  Savins  Bibl.  Ital,,  p.  224. 
1^  M.  a.  3  mdxima  Lodd. — Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  the  original 
species.    Introduced  by  Messrs.  Loddiges,  and  cultivated  in  different 
nurseries. 
Olhtr  Varieiiet,    The  Bla^dlia  acuminata  beine  fre«]uently  raised  from 
seed,  and  the  seedlings  varviog  much  in  the  size  of  their  leaves,  and  in  the 
presence  or  absence  of  puoescence,  both  on  the  leaves  and  wood,  it  would 
be  easy  to  select  several^  varieties  apparently  as  distinct  as  those  above 
mentioned,  such  as  M.  striata,  latif6lia,  &c.     In  the  Gold  worth  Nursery, 
Woking,  Surrey,  are  some  which  appear  remarkably  distinct. 

Trunk  straight,  branches  numerous,  shoots  regularly  distributed.  The 
leaves  are  fix>ni  6  in.  to  7  in.  long,  and  ftom  3  in.  to  4  in.  broad,  upoL  old 
trees,  but  double  that  size  upon  young  vigorous-growing  plants.  Michaux 
describes  them  as  oval,  entire,  and  verv  acuminate;  but,  in  the  seedlings 
raised  in  British  nurseries,  they  are  found  sometimes  ovate,  nearly  orbicuUte, 


30  ARBORGTUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BR  IT  AN  KI  CUM. 


and  cordate  acuminate.  The  flowera  are  4  or  5  inches  in  diameter,  bluish, 
and  sometimes  white,  with  a  tint  of  jrellow.  They  hare  but  a  feeble  odour, 
and  the  petals  ore  never  fully  expanded,  though,  as  they  are  lar^  and 
numeroufl,  they  have  a  fine  eflbct  in  the  midst  of  the  superb  loliagc. 
Plants  raised  from  seeds  do  not  usually  produce  fiowers  till  they  are 
eight  or  ten  years  old,  when  the  tree  will  probably  be  from  15  ft.  to  SO  ft. 
in  height;  but  plants  raised  from  layers  produce  flowers  in  two  or  three 
years.  The  fruit  is  about  3  in.  long,  and  nearly  1  in.  in  diameter.  It  is 
nearly  cylindrical,  and  often  a  little  larger  at  the  summit  than  at  the  base  :  it 
is  convex  on  one  side,  and  concave  on  the  other ;  and,  when  green,  it  nearly 
resembles  a  young  cucumber:  it  becomes  roso-coloured  when  ripe;  and,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  other  species,  the  seeds,  before  they  drop,  remain  sus- 
pended for  some  time  by  long  white  threads.  The  wood  of  this  tree  is  of  a 
fine  grain,  and  of  an  orange  colour.  A  tree,  deep,  aud  rather  moist  soil  answers 
best  for  tilts  n>ecies  ;  but,  as  it  is  much  hardier  than  any  of  the  others  in  thia 
section,  it  will  grow  in  almost  any  soil  that  is  moderately  free,  and  not  over- 
charged with  moisture.     It  is  generally  propagated  in  the  London  nurseries 


by  layers,  the  plants  so  produced  flowering  much  sooner  than  seedlings ;  but 
the  latter,  as  they  make  far  more  durable  plants,  should  always  be  preferred 
when  this  species  is  used  as  a  stock  to  grah  or  inarch  others  on.    It  is  so  used 


enerally,  not  only  for  M,  auriculata  and  cordiita,  but  for 

-     ■  .       in  pot   . 

they  are  not  checked  by  transplanting,  and  at  least  a  year  is  gained 


vc7gi  ,,  . 

and  Soukngeona.     The  plants  are,  in  some  nursenes,  grown  in  the  free  aoil ; 

but  it  is   always  preferable  to   rear  them   in  pots ;   because,  in  that  ease. 


X  6.  M.  (a.)  cOBDi.'TA  3/f.     The  heart-leaved  Alagnolia. 
Ht^aalum.    Ukh.'Bn.  Aiur.,  I.  t>->M.j  Dm.  Frgd.,  i.  p.  so.  i  Don'i  UUI.,1,  p.  I 


HI.    MAGKOLIJ^CRS :    MA0S0\IjI.  31 

F<mtfit*.    B«  lfaC',t-na'lBM.CitL,  (T4.1  UnplXelnAm.  Brb^lileiUt  toI.  t. ;  uid  our 

Spec.  Char^  J^e.  DedduouB.  Leaves  broad)]'  orate,  subcordate,  acute, 
ander  aur&ce  tomentoae,  upper  surface  smooth.  Petals  6 — 9,  oblong. 
{Zfcm'i  Mm.')  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Carolina  to  Georgia, 
OD  mountains.  Height  80  ft.  to  40  ft.  and  50  ft.  in  America,  and  80  ft.  to 
30  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  yellow  slightly  streaked 
irith  red,  with  a  diiacreeable  odour,  seldom  expanding  fully ;  June  and 
July.  Strobile  tike  that  of  M.  acuminata,  but  smaller ;  ripe  in  October. 
Decaying  leaves  dark  brown  or  black.     N^ed  young  wood  Doary  brown. 


le.  mitiitui  BHu. 
ThiB  tree,  m  it*  native  country,  has  a  trunk  \2  or  15  inches  in  diameter, 
Btrufht,  and  covered  with  a  rough  and  deeply  furrowed  bark.  Its  leaves 
are  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length,  and  from  3  in.  to  5  in.  wide,  smooth  and 
entire.  The  flowers  are  ftom  3  in.  to  4  in,  in  diamet^,  and  are  succeeded  by 
fruit  about-3in.  long,  and  nearly  1  in.  in  thickness,  of  a  similar  form  to  those 
of  the  preceding  species.  The  soil,  situation,  propasation,  &c.,  may  be  con- 
sidered the  same  as  for  M.  acuminata  ;  but,  as  H.  (a.)  cordita  seems,  in  its 
native  country,  to  inhabit  higher  and  drier  localities  than  M.  acuminata,  it 
uiRj  probably  be  placed  in  still  more  exposed  situations  than  that  spedes  in 

T  7.  H.  avbicdla'ta  Lam.    The  waritAtA-Uaved  Kbgnolia. 

HaUlfleatlim.    WDId.  Bp.,1.  p.  imS.i  D«.  Trod,  l.p.  N.;  Dm'lUU!.,  l.aU. 

Symii^ma.  M.  FTkHrrndiT.Tor.*  Gn^ ;  M.  uiricuUili Solbt.  i  Indlu  Fbjilc. nd lDiit-l«Ted 
encumber  Tree,  Awitr.  I  HagDoUer  HirWuli,  Fr. ;  geSbTiv  (eared)  Blabeiliuuii,  CfT. 

BmgnriK£i.    Bot.  Mi«.,t9DG.i  the  plaU  In  Arti.  Bril.,  lit  edit.  lal.  T. ;  aadaorjV-*^ 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Dedduous.  Leaves  smooth,  under  aurfiue  somewhat 
glaucous,  spathulately  obovate,  cordate  at  the  base,  with  blunt  approximate 
auricles.  Sepals  3,  spreading.  Petals  9,  oblong,  attenuate  at  tlie  txue. 
(IXm't  3SU.')  A  smooth  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Carolina  to 
Florida,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  Americn, 
and  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  in  England.  IntroducM  in  1786.  Flowers  white ;  April 
and  Hay,  Strobileoval  oblong,  rose-coloured;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying 
leaves  of  a  rich  yellowish  brown.  Naked  young  wood  smooth,  and  of  a 
purplish  mahogany  colour,  with  small  white  dots. 

M.  a.  2  pyramidita.    H.  pynunidata  Sartr.;  H.  Friscri  pyramid^ta 
yiUI.,  iir.  ^  Gray.   The  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit  vol  v.;  and 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   DRITANHICUM. 


oarjlg,  il. — Leaves  shorter  thaniboBeofthe  species,  and  the  plant 
altogether  weaker.     It  is  Tound  in  the  western  porta  of  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  but  only  in  tvo  or  three  localities.     Propagated   by  in- 
arching on  M.  auricul&ta,  but  it  requirea  two  years  to  adhere,  and 
seldom  niabes  a  vigorous  plant. 
litis  tree  has  a  straight  trunk  18  or  15  inches  in  diameter,  often  without 
branches  (or  half  its  height;   the  branches  spread  videly,  and  raoiifj  but 
sparingly;  and  this  circumstance,  Michaui  observes,  gives  the  tree  a  very 
peculiar  «r,  so  that  it  may  readily  be  known  at  a  distance,  even  in  winter. 


The  leaves  are  of  a  light  green  colour,  of  a  fine  texture,  6  or  IS  inches  long, 
and  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  broad  :  on  youiw  and  vigorous  trees  they^  are  often  one 
third,  or  even  one  half,  larger.  The  flowers  are  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  of 
a  miJky  white,  and  of  an  tvreeable  odour,  and  ore  situated  at  the  extremity  of 
the  young  shoots.     The  iniit  is  oval,  3  or  4  inches  long,  and,  like  thai  of 


tn.  kaovouacSjB  :  magnol/^.  33 

Hasn6lia  trip^tala,  of  b  besuttliil  rose  colour  when  ripe ;  it  differi  Troni  iliose 
itftnc  other  speciei  by  a  little  inreriority  of  sue,  and  by  a  amall  appendage 
which  tenDinates  the  carpela.  Each  carpel  contains  one  or  two  seeds.  The 
wood  is  soft,  spongy,  very  light,  end  unfit  for  use.  The  barli  is  grey,  and 
always  smooth,  even  on  the  oldest  trees.  When  the  epidermis  is  removed, 
the  cellular  int^ment,  by  contact  with  the  air,  instantly  changes  Irom  white 
to  yellow.  In  England,  annual  shoots  of  young  plants  are  from  1  ft.  to  £  ft.  or 
more  in  length  ;  and  the  b«ght  which  the  tree  usually  attains  in  10  vears  h 
from  10ft.  to  15ft.  The  soil  for  this  s^wdes  ought  to  be  free  and  deq>; 
and  the  atuation  low,  sheltered,  and  moist,  rather  than  dry.  As  sMds  ore 
not  very  e*nly  procured,  the  common  mode  of  propagatioa  is  by  layers,  or 
by  inarchii^  on  H.  acuminiUa.  Two  yean  ire  required  before  the  plants 
can  be  tepmted  iiom  tbe  parent  stock. 

§  ii.   GvnUimm  Sott.  in  Dec.  Syel. 


Seel.  Char.  Amatic  species,  geuerally  with  two  opposite  spalbe-like  bracteas 
enclosing  the  flow^^ud.  Anthers  bursdng  inwards.  Ovaries  somewhat 
distant.     {Don't  iOil.)     Trees  or  shnilM  ;  natives  of  Asia. 

A  Sabb.    The  Tuian,  or  conspicuoutjfrav/'rd  Magnolia. 


&>ec.  Giar^  ^c.  Dedduous.  Leaves  obovate,  abruptly  ainiininBted  ;  younger 
ones  pubciicent,  expanding  after  the  flowers.  Flowers  erect,  6 — ^petaled. 
Styles  erect.  (^Don't  Mitl?)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  China. 
Bdght  in  China  40  ft  to  SO  FL ;  in  England  80  ft.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in 
1789.  Flowers  white,  fragrant ;  February  and  April.  Strolules  brownish  i 
ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown  or  black.  Naked  yonng 
wood  aslMroloured  or  p'eyisB  brown. 
Ptoietia,  or  Hybridt. 

I  M.c.  9  Soaiaiigeiatt,  M.  Soulangedna  An. 

Hort.  8oc.  Par.;  Magnolier  de  Soulange, 

Fr.    (M.   Soulangeona   Swt.   Brit.    Fl.- 

Oard.,  t.  S60.  i   and  our  j^.  43.)  -~  The 

leaves,  wood,   and  general  habit  of  this 

tree  bear  a  close  resemblance  to  those  of 

H.  coni^lcuB.     The  flowers  retemble  in 

form  those  of  M.  purpitrea  var.  gracilis 

or  of  H.   purpArea,  and    the  peuls  arc 

■ligfatly  tinged  with  purple.  It  was  raised 

at  Froinont,  near  PeziL  from  ihe  seeds 

of  a  plant  of  M.  conspicua,  which  stood 

near  one  of  M.  purpilreB,  in  front  of  tbe 

diitean    of    H.    Soulaoge-Bodin ;     the 

flowers  of  tbe  former  of  which  had  been  acddentally  fecundated  by 

the  pollen  of  the  latter. 


OlIuT  Variefiet,  rr  Hvbridt,  M.  congpfcita  has  ripened  seeds  in  vi 
ilaees  ;  and,  as  it  fertiUsei  readilv  vrith  H.  purpurea  and  H.  gr&cilis, 
new  varieties  may  be  expected  wlieo  the  attention  of  cultivator*  is 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

«ially  directed  to  the  subject.  M.  c,  S,  tpeciAnt  and  M.  c.  S.  Alexan- 
B  nre  in  British  gardeoi,  but  they  are  not  worth  keeping  distinct  from 
:.  Soulungeitna. 


This  is  B  very  showy  tree,  distingiushaUe  from  all  the  other  magnolias 
or  both  sections,  by  ita  flowers  expanding  before  any  of  tlie  leaves.  The 
tree  assumes  a  regular  conical  shape,  with  a  grey  baric  and  numerous 
branches  and  twi^s,  which  generally  have  a  rertical,  rather  than  a  horizontal, 
direction.  The  young  shoots  are  from  1  ft,  to  18  in.  in  length,  and  the  tree, 
in  ten  years,  will  attain  the  beuht  of  from  10  ft.  to  IS  ft.,  flowering  the  second 
or  third  year  after  grafting.  It  is  nearly  as  hardy  as  the  American  species; 
flowering  freely  every  year,  as  a  standard,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London, 
when  the  wood  has  been  properly  ripened  during  the  preceding  summer.  A 
rich  sandy  loam  seems  to  suit  Ibis  species  best;  but  it  will  erow  in  any  de^ 
free  soil,  properly  drained,  and  moderately  enriched.  The  situation,  when  it 
in  to  be  treated  as  a  standard,  ought  to  be  sufficiently  open  to  admit  of  ripening 
the  wood  in  autumn,  and  yet  not  so  warm  as  to  urge  forward  the  flower-buds 
prematurely  in  spring,  as  they  are  very  liable  to  be  ii^jured  by  frost;  from 
wbicb,  however,  they  may  be  protected  by  a  very  slight  covering  (during  nights 
and  frosty  days)  of^gauze  or  bunting,  stretched  over  the  tree  horizontally, 
and  sii^^rted  by  posts.  Asmnst  a  wall,  the  tree  shows  itself  in  its  greatest 
beauty;  and  there  it  can  casd^  be  protected,  by  a  projecting  coung,  from  the 
severest  weather  ever  ezpenenceu  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London.  In 
warm  situations,  sloping  to  the  south  or  south-east,  the  tree  has  a  fine  effect 
planted  in  front  of  a  bank  of  evergreens;  and,  indeed,  wherever  it  is  planted, 
evergreens  should  be  placed  near  it,  and,  if  possible,  so  as  to  form  a  back- 
ground, on  account  of  (he  flowers  expanding  before  the  tree  is  furnished  with 
any  leaves.  The  ntedet  and  all  the  varietiee  are  propagated  by  layers,  or 
by  inarching  on  H,  purpitrea  or  on  M.  acuminate.  When  inarched  on  M. 
purpurea,  the  tree  is  comparatively  dwarfed,  by  which  it  is  rendered  very  con- 
venient for  use  as  a  shrub,  or  for  growing  in  pots,  and  fordng ;  but,  when  it  b 
intended  to  form  a  tree,  it  should  either  be  inarched  on  M.  acuminata,  or  raised 
from  layers  or  seeds.  It  generally  requires  two  years  before  the  plants  can 
uwed  from  the  parent  stock.  Some  plants  of  this  species  have  been 
from  seed  ripened  in  Europe ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that,  when  this 
masnificent  tree  becomes  better  known  nod  more  generally  in  demand,  it 
will  be  raised  in  this  way  estenaively  in  France  and  Italy,  and  supplied  to 
the  British  nurseries  from  these  countries. 


be  separati 


III.    HAQKOLIJ  CEjE  :    MAONO  L/^. 

a  9.  M.  pobpu'rba  Shot.    The  piap\o-^fiownvd  Magnolia. 


Spec.CAar.,^c.  Deciduous.  Leaves obovate, acute, reCiculately  teined ;  almoEt 
smooth.  Flowera  erect,  of  3  Bepalsand  6  obovate  petals;  stjles  very  short. 
(Don'i  MilL)  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  large  darl  green  tolisge.  Japan. 
Hd^t3ft.to5ft.  Introduced  in  1T0O.  Flonen  purple  outside,  white 
within;  March  to  Ma;.  Strobile  brownish ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leBvei  black.    Naked  yoiii^  wood  greenish  broira. 

A  M.p.i  grddSt.    M.  Kohtu  Dec.  and  G,  Don  i  M.  tomentdia  T^un.  in 
Zin.  TVaru.  Kiempr.  Icon.,  t.  42.  i  Par.  Lon.,  t.  B7.  — The  two  main 
points  of  difference  between  it  and  M,  purpurea  are,  the  paler  green, 
and  somewhat  narrower  shape,  of  the  leaves ;  and  the  longer  and 
more  slender  form  of  the  flower,  the  points  of  the  petals  of  which 
are  slightly  turned  back  ;  while  the  flower  of  M.  purpurea  is  more 
cup^haped,  and  the  petals  at  the  points  are  rather  turned  inwards. 
The  petals  of  H.  gr^ilia  are  on  [he  exterior  entirely  of  a  dark  purple, 
whereas  tliose  of  H.  purpurea  melt  off*  into  white  at  their  upper 
extremities.     A  number  of  plants  of  this  variety,  which  stood  in  the 
Hammersmith  Nursery  as  border  shrubs,  and  flowered  freely  every 
year,  were  killed  down  to  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1837-8, 
Other  Farieliei.     In  DeCandolle's  Prodromiu,  and  in  Don's  Atiilgr,  three 
varieties  arc  described :  M.  p.  denuddla  Lam.,  distinguished  by  the  flower- 
ing branches  being  without  leaves ;  M.  p.  dUcnior  Vent,  which  ' 


rather  more  tenda  than  the  spedes;  and  M.p_.  hUflara  Lam.,  the  petals  of 

which  are  white  on  both  atdes.     These  varieties  were  ori^netly  described 

by  Kranpfer ;  bnt,  as  &r  as  we  know,  none  of  them  are  in  British  cardens. 

Several  plants  of  tlus  species  having  been  rused  from  seed  ripened  in  this 

country,  the  plants  may  exhibit  slight  shades  of  ditlerence,  as  has  been  the 

case  with  certun  seedlmgs  raised  in  the  Brentford  Nursery;  but,  as  far  as 

we  have  observed,  none  of  these  are  worth  keeping  distinct     The  only 

variety  which  we  consider  truly  distbct  is  M.  p.  grddiii,  considered  as  a 

speciea  by  Salisbury  and  other  Ifotanists,  but 

which,  we  are  convinced,  b  nothing  more  than  } 

m  nee,  or  a  variety.     At  Desio,  a  variety  has 

been  raited  which  grows  only  l^ft,  high,  and   i 

which  Signor  Cassoretti,  the  garden  director 

there,  caUs  Jf.  obovdta  pinila. 

A  deciduous  shrub,  attaining,  in  the  gardens 

about  London,  the  heixbt  of  from  4  ft.  to  8  ft.  in 

■a  many  years,  and  seldom  growing  much  higher 

as  a  bush.     The  stems  are  numerous,  but  not 

much  branched ;  the  leaves  are  large,  of  a  very 

dark  green ;  and  the  plant  prodnces  a  profurioo 

of  flowers,  which  do  not  expand  Itilly  till  a  day 

or  two  before  they  drop  off;  and  which,  unless 

the  weather  is  warm,  do  not  expand  at  all,  but 

wilber   on    the   plant,  and   disfigure  it.     The 

flowers  are  large,  more  or  lesji  purple  (according 

to  the  season,  but  never  wholly  dark  purple) 

without,  and  always  while  within.     The  bark, 

when  btijised,  has  an  aromatic  odour.      '  "  """"' '"~ 


mtsl  apcdes,  wbich  no  garden  ought  to  be  without.  This  species  is 
generally  considered  as  requiring  a  mixture  of  heath  soil,  or  sandy  peat,  with 
loam  i  but  in  many  gardens  about  London  it  succeeds  perfectly  both  in  sand 


36  ARBORETUaM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

and  clay ;  the  latter  soil  being  rendered  free  by  sand,  leaf  mould,  or  manure, 
and  drainage.  The  situation,  when  the  plant  is  treated  as  a  bush,  ousht  to  be 
open,  in  order  that  the  wood  may  be  ripened;  and  the  plant  should  be 
detached,  in  order  that  it  may  be  covered  with  foliage  and  blossoms  on  every 
side.  North  of  London,  in  most  situations,  it  requires  a  wall,  and  few  plants 
are  more  deserving  of  one.  Against  a  wall,  it  will  reach  the  height  of  15  fb. 
or  80  ft.  In  the  London  nurseries,  it  is  generally  propagated  by  layers  ;  but 
it  will  also  strike  by  cutting,  both  of  the  ripened  and  the  herbaceous  wood. 
The  stools  are  generally  iormed  in  pits ;  or,  if  in  the  open  ground,  they 
are  covered  with  mats  during  winter.  Seeds  have  been  ripened  both  in  Eng- 
land and  France  ;  and  from  these  plants  have  been  raisea  in  some  few  nur- 
series. The  plants,  whether  raised  from  lavers,  cuttings,  or  seed,  should 
always  be  kept  in  pots  till  wanted  for  final  planting.  This  species  often 
serves  as  a  stock  for  grafting  the  other  kinds  on,  which  belong  to  this  section. 

Genus  II. 


LIRIODE'NDRON  L.    The  Tulip  Tree. 

Gen,  Char,  Carpels  1 — 2-seeded,  disposed  in  spikes,  indehiscent,  deciduous, 
drawn  out  into  a  wing  at  the  apex.  Calyx  ot  3  deciduous  sepals.  Corolla 
of  6  petals,  conniving  into  a  bell-shaped  flower.    (DorCt  Jlfi//.,  i.  p.  86.)  ; 

—  There  is  only  one  species ;  a  deaduous  tree  of  the  first  rank,  native 
of  North  America. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  3-lobed,  the  terminal  lobe 
emarginately  truncate,  the  lateral  ones  with  two  sinuses.  Stipules  flat. 
Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  greenish  vellow,  orange  within.  ^-  The  only  spe- 
cies in  British  gardens  is  the  Liriodendron  Tulipifera.  I 

IE  1.  Lirioob'ndron  Tulipi^pera  L,    The  Tulip-bearing  Liriodendron,  or  . 

Tulip  Tree. 

Identi/Uation.    Lin.  Sn.,  7S6. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  8S. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  1.  p.  86. 

Synontftnet,    The  Poplar.  White  Wood,  Canoe  Wood,  the  Tulip  Tree,  Amer. ;  Virvfnian  Poplar, 

TuUp-boarlng  Lilj  Tree,  Saddle  Tree,  Eitg. ;  Tullpier  de  Virginia,  FT.  \  Virginltdier  Tullpeer- 

baum,  Ger. 
Deripolhm,    This  tree  is  called  Liriodendron,  from  leirkm,  a  lily,  and  demdrom,  a  tree ;  tmm  the  • 

fiowen  resembling  those  of  a  lily,  though  more  oorrecUy  those  or  a  tulip,  as  the  specific  name  im. 

plies.    It  is  called  Pcplar,  from  Its  general  resemblauce  to  trees  of  that  genus ;  white  Wood,  flx>m 

the  colour  of  its  timber  i  Canoe  Wood,  from  the  use  to  wliich  it  is  applied  by  the  native  Indians : 

Tulip  Tree,  from  its  tulip-like  flowersz  and  Saddle  Tree,  from  the  form  of  its  leaves.    The  French 

and  German  names  are  literal  translations  of  the  words  Virginian  tulip  tree. 
EngrawinMt.    Bot  Mag.,  87S. ;  Duh.,  torn.  3.  t.  18. ;  the  phtte  in  Arb.  Brit.,  let  edit,  vol  ▼. ;  and 

our^.  46. 

Spec,  Char,,  8^c,  Leaves  smooth,  truncate  at  the  top ;  4-lobed,  resembling  a 
saddle  in  shape.  Flowers  large,  solitary,  terminal ;  variegated  with  green, 
yellow,  and  orance  colour ;  furnished  with  two  deciduous  bracteas  under 
flowers.    {DorCs  Mill,)    A  smooth  deciduous  tree  of  large  size.   Canada  ' 

to  Florida.  Height  70  ft.  to  140  ft.,  and  trunk  8  ft.  to  9  ft.  in  diameter, 
in  America ;  50  ft.  to  90  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1688.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow  without,  orange  within ;  June  and  July.  Strobile  brown ; 
ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow  and  brown.  Naked  young 
wood  smooth,  and  of  a  mahogany  brown. 

Vaneltf, 

t  L,  T.  2  obtusiloha  Michx.,  integrifolia  .ffor*..  Yellow  Wood,  or  Yellow 
Poplar,  has  the  leaves  with  blunter  lobes  than  the  species,  but  is  in 
no  other  respect  difierent  from  it. 
Olher  Farieties,  L,  T,  acuHfoSa  Michx.  has  never,  we  believe,  been  intro- 
duced.   L,  T.  Jidva  Hort.  has  yellow  flowers.    As  the  tulip  tree  is  almost 
always  raised  from  seeds,  it  is  probable  that  the  flowers  of  seedlings  will 


III.  MAosoLlJ^CE^:  libiode'ndbon. 


ntj  in  tli«r  shades  of  colour,  and  any  deairalilc  varialitm  may  be  perpc- 
tuuted  bjr  propagating  the  pluot  possessing  it  by  layers  or  hiiirchicg. 


In  the  developeiiient  of  its  lesTes,  the  tulip  tree  differs  from  most  other 
treea.  The  iraf-buds,  in  general,  are  composed  c^  scales  closely  imbricated, 
which,  in  the  spring,  are  distended  by  the  growth  ofthe  minute  bundleof  leaves 
that  they  enclose,  till  they  finally  fcil  off.  The  flowers,  which  are  large,  bril- 
liant, and  on  detached  trees  very  numerous,  are  validated  with  different 
colours,  among  which  yellow  predouiinates ;  they  hare  an  agreeable  odour,  and, 
surrounded  by  tbe  luxuriant  Ibllage,  they  produce  a  fine  effect.  The  fruit  ii 
composed  of  a  great  number  of  thin  narrow  scales,  attached  to  a  common  axis, 
and  forming  a  conic^  spike  2  or  3  inches  in  length.  Each  fruit  contains  60  or 
70  carpels;  of  which  never  more  than  a  third,  and,  in  some  seasons,  not  more 
Ibon  seven  or  eight  in  the  whole  number,  are  matured.  It  is  also  ol>8crved, 
that,  dnring  ten  years  after  it  begins  to  yield  fruit,  almost  all  the  seeds  are  un- 
productive ;  and  that,  on  large  trees,  the  seeds  fivm  the  highest  branches  arc 
tbe  best.  The  heart,  or  perfect,  wood  ofthe  tulip  tree  isvellow,  approaching 
to  a  lemon  colour;  and  Its  sap,  or  albumum,  U  white.  The  annual  shoots  of 
}t>ung  plants,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  are  from  IS  in.  to  Sft.  in 
tengto ;  and  tbe  tree  will,  in  favourable  circumstances,  attain  the  height  of 
from  15  ft.  to  SO  ft.  in  ten  years ;  seldom,  however,  fiowering  till  it  is  upwards 
of  twenty  years  old.  Tbe  bei^t,  in  England,  freijuently  exceeds  70  ft.  ;  ard 
it  has  ripened  seeds  here,  occaitionally,  from  which  young  plants  have  been 
raised.  It  ripens  its  fruit  very  generally  in  France  ;  inougfa  it  is  observed,  in 
the  Ncaveau  Du  Havat,  that  these  seeds  do  not  vegetate  so  freely  as  those 
whtd)  are  imparted  from  America.  Deep,  kamy,  good  soil  best  suits  the 
tulip  tree;  anil  the  situation  most  favourable  isone  which,  while  it  is  sheltered 
from  high  winds,  is,  at  the  same  time,  sufficiently  exposed  to  the  light  and  air 
to  adnrit  of  the  maturation  of  its  leaves  on  every  side,  and  the  perfect  ripening 
of  ita  wood,  without  which  it  can  neither  retnst  the  severe  frosts  of  winter, 
nor  fi>rm  bloMom  buds.  The  species  is  seldom,  if  ever,  propagated  othemtse 
than  by  seeds,  which  come  up  best  in  heath  soil,  very  fine  mould,  or  sandy 
loam,  m  a  shady  situation,  kept  rather  moist ;  but  the  varieties  are  multiplied 
by  layers  or  inarching.  When  the  seeds  are  sown  in  autumn,  ihcy  gcnemily 
come  up  the  following  spring  ;  but,  sown  in  spring  or  tbe  banning  of  summer, 
the^  geoerally  remain  a  year  in  the  ground.  The  tulip  tree,  like  the  magnolias, 
havii^  roots  fiimbhed  with  but  few  fibres,  does  not  transplant  readily ;  and, 
therefore,  the  plants  ou^t  either  to  be  k^t  in  pots,  or,  if  in  the  free  ground, 
trannilanted  in  the  nursery  ever^  year;  or,  if  neither  of  these  modes  be  prac- 
ticable, removed  to  their  final  situation,  when  not  more  than  two,  or  at  most 
three,  ^ean  old.  The  tree  is,  like  the  magnolias,  not  very  patient  of  the  knife, 
other  in  *  young  or  in  an  old  state;  and,  from  tbe  bitter  qualities  of  the 


38  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

leaves,  it  does  not  seem  to  be  much  attacked  by  insects.  As  tulip  trees  raised 
from  seed  seldom  flower  before  they  are  twenty  or  thirty  years  old,  it  is  much 
to  be  wished,  that  nurserymen  would  propagate  them  by  grafting  or  inarching 
from  flowering  trees,  in  consequence  or  which  the  plants  would  probably 
flower  the  second  or  third  year. 


Order  IV.     ANONA^CEJE. 


Ord,  Cham,  The  distinctive  characteristics  of  this  order  from  that  of  Magno- 
MhcetB  are :  Anthen  with  an  enlarged  four-cornered  connectivuro,  which  is 
sometimes  nectariferous ;  albumen  pierced  by  the  substance  of  the  seed-coat ; 
leavei  without  stipules,  conduplicate  in  the  bud;  properties  aromatic. 
— Trees  or  shrubs  mostly  natives  of  warm  climates 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  distinctly  articulated  with 
the  stem,  entire ;  leaves  and  branches  pubescent  when  young,  the  leaves 
commonly  minutely  punctate,  with  pelludd  dots.  Flowers  axillary.  —  The 
hardy  species,  in  British  gardens,  are  included  in  the  genus  AsinuTia  Adans., 
formerly  Anona  L.,  and  are  natives  of  North  America. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


1 


ASI'MINA  Adans.     The  Asihina.    Lin,  St/sL  Polyandria  Polygfnia. 

IiietUifleaiiom.    Adans.  Fam.,  3.  p.  866. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  87. ;  Don's  Mill..  1.  p.  91. 

SgnoHumet.  Anndna  L. ;  Orchidocirpum  Mx. ;  Porcdlte  sp.  Fen. ;  Uvirla  Tor.  ^  Grap ;  Custard 
Apple ;  Asiininier,  and  Anone,  fV.;  rlascbenbaam,  Ger. 

Dertvattom,  Ashnma  Is  Latinised  from  a  word  of  Canadian  origin,  the  meaning  of  which  Is  not 
known.  Orchidocfcrpum  was,  it  is  probable,  Intended  to  express  a  likeness  between  the  figure  of 
the  fhiit,  and  that  of  some  species  of  O'rchls.  Porcil/a  Is  a  name  giren  hy  Ruiz,  in  honour  of 
Antonio  Poreet,  a  Spanish  promoter  of  botany.  Andna  is  a  South  American  word  that  signifies  a 
mess,  or  dish  of  food,  to  be  eaten  with  a  spoon.  Uirkria  is  from  tiva,  a  grspe,  to  which,  however, 
the  fruit  has  little  resemblance.  The  German  name,  Flaschenbaum,  iaak  tree,  is  given  from 
the  shape  of  the  fhiit 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  3-parted.  Petals  6,  spreading,  ovate-oblong,  inner  ones 
smallest.  Anthers  numerous,  nearly  sessile.  Ovaries  many,  but  for  the 
most  part  onlv  3,  ovate  or  oblong.  Carpels  the  same  number  as  the  ovaries, 
baccate,  sessile.  Seeds  many,  disposed  in  a  single  or  double  row.  (Don^s 
Mill.)  —  Low  trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  white  or  purplish  flowers, 
and  fhiit  about  the  size  of  small  plums.  Rather  tender,  and  di£Eicult  of 
culture.     Only  one  species  is  truly  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London. 

^  \,  A.  TRi^LOBA  Dun,    The  three-lobed-co/yr^^  Asimina. 

Identificatton.    Don.  Monog. :  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  87. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  91 . 

Sj/ntmfftnet.  Anntma  triloba  I*.,  and  li*.  in  Arb, ;  Porcdlio  triloba  Pen.  \  Ordiidodbpuro  arietl* 
num  Mx.  Bar.  Am. ;  Uvilria  triloba  Tor.  i;  Gnw ;  the  Fapaw,  Amer.\  Asiminler  de  Virglnle, 
and  Annone  i  trols  Lobes,  Fr. ;  dreylappiger  (tnree-lobed)  Flaschenbaum,  Oer. 

Engra9ing$.    Mill.  Icon.,  1 .  t.  85. ;  Tor.  and  Grajr>  L  P*  46. ;  Mx.  Arb.,  3.  t.  9. ;  and  onr^.47. 

Spec,  Char,y  S^c,  Leaves  oblong-cuneated,  acuminated,  and,  as  well  as  the 
branches,  sinoothish.  Flowers  on  short  peduncles ;  outer  petals  roundish- 
ovate,  four  times  longer  than  the  calyx.  (Don*s  Mill,)  A  low  deciduous 
tree.  Middle,  southern,  and  western  states  of  North  America.  Height 
15  ft.  to  20  ft.  in  North  America ;  7  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  England.  Introduced 
in  1736.  Flowers  dark  purple  and  yellow.  Fruit  yellowish,  esculent ; 
ripe  in  August  in  America,  rarely  seen  in  England.  Decaying  leaves  rich 
yellowish  brown.     Naked  young  wood  dark  brown. 

A  small  tree,  densely  clothed  with  long  leaves,  lying  over  one  another  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  a  peculiarly  imbricated  appearance  to  the  entire 
plant.     The  flowers  are  campanulate  and  drooping,  and  appear  before  the 


IT.    ANONACBJE.      V.    MEN  18  PERM  A  ^CES.  39 

leava ;  the  outer  petals  are  purple,  and  vary  in  colour  in  drfferent  plants ;  in 
some  being  voy  dark,  and  in  others  light,  inclining  to  yellow.     All  parts  of 
the  tree  have  a  rank,  if  not  a  fetid,  amell  ; 
said  the  fruit  ia  relished  by  few  persons  ex- 
cept the  ne(?^>ea,  who  call  it  papaw.     The 
&uit  ripens  in  Ainerica  in  the  b^inning  of 
Aurust,  and  is  about  3  in.  lone  and  1^  in.  ' 
thick,  oval,  irregular,  and  swelling  into  in-  ^ 
equalities.     In  British  gardeni,  the  plant  is 
always  raised  from  American  seeda ;  and,  to 
thrive,  it  requires  to  he  planted  in  sandy  peat 
or  deep  sand,  and  kept  moist.     In  England 
it  may  be  considered  as  a  curious,  slow-crow- 
ing deciduous  shrub,  or  low  tree,  well  de- 
Bcrring  a  place  in  gardens,  but  which  ought 
always  to  be  isolated,  end  at  some  distance 
from   rapid-growing    plants-     Relatively  to 

growth,  itmay  bei^acednearDlrcapBlliBtris,  t-_  Aumi^ttnctt. 

some  <^  the  dapbnea,  or  llUcium. 

Olier  Speciei  0/°  Asimina.  —  A.  partijldra  and  A.  graiidiflom  are  North 
American  shrubs,  seldom  p'owing  bigber  in  their  native  habitats  than  I  fl.  to 
8ft.,BDdi«ther  too  lender  for  the  climate  of  London. 


Ohder  v.     MENISPERMA'CE/E. 

Obd.  Cb/IS,  Flomeri  umscxual.  Sepalt  aailpetalt  rimilar.  Stamcnt  mona- 
delpboui,  or  rarely  free.  OBorki  somewha  connected  at  the  base  ;  with 
one  or  many  it^  %  many-eelled.  Fhal,  in  most,  baccate  or  drupaceous, 
one-seeded  or  many-seeded,  oblique  or  Innulate,  compressed,  with  the  leeiU 
of  the  same  form.  Bmbiyo  curved  or  periphedc.  Aliimen  none,  or  very 
qraring  and  fleshy.  (Bon'i  M^dl.)  —  Climlnng  or  twining  flexible  abrubs, 
natives  of  N'orth  America  and  Ana. 

Zieavet  simple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous ;  stalked,  usually  cordate 
or  pdtate,  palmately  veiiwd.  and  Bl»a}-s  with  the  middle  nerve  terminating 
in  an  awn  or  point.  Flouitri  in  axillary  racemes  in  most  species,  small. 
—  The  (pecie*  in  Briluh  gardeus  are  included  in  the  genera  Menispfrmmn 
and  CiSccoliu,  which  are  Uiub  contradistinguished  :  — 

MBNiflPs'itMUN   L.     Sepals  and  petab  quaternary.     Male  flowers  with  15 — 


Co'ccuLva  Baui.    Sepals  and  petals  temary.    Matcflowcrs  with  6sr 


m 


HENISPB'RHUH    L.      Trb    Moonbebd.      Uh.  SyU.    Ditc'cta    Dode- 


G«i>.  Oiar.  Stpalt  and  pelaU  disposed  in  a  quaternary  order,  in  two  or  three 
series.  MaU  fioieen  with  16  to  80  stamens  ;  femiJe  fioaxn  with  2  to  4 
ovariea.  Dntpe  baccate,  round ish-kidne^-shi^ed,  l-seeded.  —  Climbing 
shrubs  natives  of  North  America  and  Dauruu 


40  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH  BRITANHICUH. 

Leava  simple,  alternate,  peltate  or  cordate,  entire,  emooth.  Pedimdei 
axillary,  or  Euprft-aiillary.  Male  and  female  peduncles  rather  dianmilM'. 
Flowert  small,  greenish  white.  —  The  apedea  are  all  of  the  eaaieat  culture  in 
common  soil,  and  are  propagated  b;  dividing  the  root,  or  bj  cuttings. 

The  Canadian  Moonaeed. 

, ... ,        l.i  Doil'iMni.,l.p.ll».:  To[.iodCr«.l.n.«. 

Sgae^fma,    M.  cuHdfnH  tu.  •  Lammnil ;  M.  unguUDmi  Mom*  ;  MenIlIMnie  du  Cuudk,  Bam. 

spec,  char.,  ^c.     Leaves  peltate,   imoothish,   somewhat   cordate,  roundisb- 

angulari  angles  bluntish,  terminal  one  atffuptW  awned,  mucronate.     Rft> 

cemes  solitary,  compound.  Petals  8.  (lion'i  MiU.)    A 

,  deciduous,  suShiticose,  long,  slender  twiner.  Canada  to 

'    Carolina.     Height  Bft.  to  12  ft.      Introduced  in  1713. 

'    Flowers  small,  greenish  yellow  ;  June  and  July.     Berrr 

black ;  ripe  in  September.      Decaying  leaves  greenisn 

Varielia, 

A  M.e.2 lobdlum  Dee.  M, )? 
virginicum  L.    (Dill.  ' 
Eltfa.,t.l78.&g.S19.) 
—  This  variety  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  angles  of  the  leaves  being 
acutish,and  the  flowers  of  a  greenish  white. 
J  Jtf.  e.  3   maiidnam.      M.  imil&cinum  Dec, 
(Jac.  Icon.,  t.  869.J  end  our  fig.  49)  — 
Leaves  smoother,  and  racemee  more  simple 
than  in  the  species. 
Roots  thick  and  woody,  with  numerous  very  slender  shoots,  which,  though 
somewhat  ligneous,  never  attain  any  considerable  diameter,  and  are  not  of 
many  years'  duration.     The  stem  twines  in  a  direction  contrary  to  the  tun's 
apparent  motion,   and    is   smooth  and   even, 
having  more  the  appearance  of  a  herbaceous 
plant,  than  of  a  shrub. 

JL  8.  Mbnispe'ricum  dau'vicuh  Dec. 
The  Daiirian  Moonseed. 
,..,..n.iD«i'i  uni.,).  p.iii. 

r.  Trflopliiu  AmpglUilgrtii  nic*. ;  S.amAtcat 
con.,  1. 1.  ICO.;  nod  our  ft.  60. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  peltate,  smooth,  cor- 
date, angular;  angles  acute,  terminal  one 
acuminated  hardly  mucronate.  Racemes  in 
pairs,  capitulate.  (Don'*  MUL)  A  twining, 
deciduous,  sufTruticose  shrub.  Dauria,  on 
rocky  hills,  near  the  river  Chilca.  Height 
5a.taiOft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers 
yellowish ;  June  and  July.     Berries  black  ; 


Resembles  the  preceding  species,  and  probably  only  a  variety  of  it 


E 


V,    HENISPERHA^CEX.      VI.    BERBERA'CEM. 

Gen.  dor.     Sepali  and  peti^i  dispoBed  in  a  ternary  order,  in  2,  very  rarely  in 
'e».    MaUfiovifTt  with  6  free  staraens  oppottte  the  petab  ;  female  one* 
elt.     Dnipet  baccate,  I  to  6,  usually    "'       '  '' 

I,  1-aeeded.  Cotyledont  distant.  (Don 
heave*  ^m^c,  alternate,  czatipulate,  deciduous  ;  cordate  or  ovate,  entire 
or  lobed.  Floaert  naall.  —  The  only  hard;  species  is  C.  carolbus,  a  native 
of  Carolina,  of  the  same  culture  as  Heninp^nmim. 


NU3  Dec.     The  Carolina  Coccului 


Si^ntty-    l>u-  HUi., 
(b..l.t.ie.;uid«ir. 

Spec.  Char.,  ic.  Leaves  cordate  or  ovate, 
entire,  obtuse,  and  somewhat  3-lobed ; 
under  turiace  velvetf  pubescent  Hale 
racemes  BoriTeroua  from  the  base,  female 
ones  3-flowered.  (I^''  J^^-)  A  twin- 
ing, deciduous,  sufihiticoBe  shrub.  North 
Carolina  and  Georgia.  Height  6  fl.  to 
10  ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers  { 
small,  greenish  ;  June  and  July-  Fruit 
red  i  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leaves  yellowish  or  brownish. 
Leaves  exticnielv  variable  in  form,  S  in. 

to  1  in.  long,  often    quite    entire,  tnit 

usually  with  several  rinuated.obtuse  lobes. 

Drupe  red,  u  large  as  a  small  pea. 


Order  VI.     BERBERA'CEM^ 

Obd.  Csak.  Sepal*  usually  6,  b  two  whorls,  deciduous,  and  furnished  with 
petel-hke  scales  on  the  outside.  The  pelaU  arc  equal  in  number  with  the 
sepals,  and  the  tiametu  equal  in  number  with  the  petals,  and  opposite  to 
tbem.  The  anlhen  "  open  by  reflexcd  valves ;  that  is  to  say,  the  fece  of 
each  cell  of  the  anther  peels  off  except  at  the  point,  where  it  adheres  as  if 
it  were  hin^  there  ;"  astructure  so  remarkable.  Dr.  Lindley  observes,  as  to 
be  "  found  m  no  European  plants  except  Berberdcea  and  the  laurel  tribe." 
(Penny  Cyc.,  vol.  iv.  p.  2SB.)  —  Bushy  shrubs,  which  throw  up  numerous 
suckers  ;  natives  of  the  temperate  cUmates   of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North 

Leaeei  umple  or  compound,  alternate,  generally  exstipulate,  deciduous 
or  pertittent;  shoots  generallv  furnished  with  pnckles;  the  sap,  and  the 
colour  of  the  leaves  and  bark,  more  or  lees  fellow.  Flowen  generally 
yellow.  —  The  genera  containing  species  hardy  m  British  gardens  are  two, 
Btrherii  and  Hahdnia,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

B^RBUila  L.  Petals  with  8  glands  on  the  inude  of  each.  Stamens  tooth, 
less.     Leaves  undivided. 

Habo^k/.^  Nntt.  Petals  without  glands.  Stamens  furnished  with  a  tooth  on 
each  side.    Leaves  ptunaie. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FDUT 


BRITANNICUU. 


EQQ 


BB'RBEBIS  L.  Thb  Bbrrbbry.    Ln.  Syt.  Hexindria  Monogynia. 

lOHUi/laaim.    Lln.GeD„  443.1  Dec.  Prod.,  1 .  p.  IK.;  Don'iMill^  I.p.  111. 

AnuwyiMi.    FtmnMcs  Biuh ;  K'phw  Ttutu,  Tt-.  \  BaAariu*.  Oa-. 

ilcriniHn.  StHnyi;  it  Uw  AraUc  mrd  uhJ  Idt  Itali  ^ut  br  ATsntuw  ud  other  vrilcn  « 
mgdldiM ;  but  ksh  pstmm  darin  tha  aiBiK  fran  tbt  Gntk  word  berberl.  tlfolMu  ■  iML  ftm 
■ha1aKiafltateaiBm«i|i«dHli>TlBs«  ballownirAc*.  Bochut  hj>  tku  the  word  Wrtrrfi  la 
dcrlHd  hom  Uia  Flmaldaa  word  barm,  wblck  il^Mt  lUnlug  Ilka  ■  ilidl,  ItoB  IMr  iklniiif 
laataa.  Oanrd  un  that  Iha  word  B«tiai7  It  ■  cginiBtlaii  of  jjwaifciAt  tbo  ahb«  given  to  tb« 
(JutbTATlMiuia.  DuHloHlun  thai  Wr»<r«iid>rl>cdrion  an  Indian  word  ilril^hvinother 
oTprarl.  Ptppertdfabuih.orplptagfllre^  Gerard  aap,  li  Dr.  TbTner'e  name  Ibr  Ibe  pTaDt.aiid 
It  1i  ulU  itran  to  kin  CunbridsaUn.    B'ldue  rloetta  alfnllat  the  add.  or  taml,  Itaotn,  hon 

Gen.  Char.  Sepalt  6,  guarded  OD  the  outside  by  3  scales.  Pgtali  6,  with  9 
glands  on  the  iiuide  oF  each.  Slamau  toothleu.  Serrin  i — 3-Beeded. 
Secdt  2,  rarely  3,   laterally  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  berries,  erect,  oblong, 

coat  and  fleshy  albumen.     Colyledoiu  ieafy,  elliptical. 


with  I 


-    ,   .,  eaiy, —^ 

Radidc  long,  cBpitellate  at  the  tip.  (Don'i  MUIJ)    B.  heterophjlla  Jtui.  has 
toothed  stamens. 

LeaBci  simple,  alternate,  eiatipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  toothed 
or  serrated,  coriaceous,  with  numerous  snwH  leaves  produced  at  the  anils 
of  the  larger  ones,  often  abortive  in  the  form  of  prickles.  Flmeeri  yellow. 
Frml  red,  in  some  kinds  black,  purple  or  white  in  others. —  Shrubs  natives 
of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia ;  characterised  in  a  general  view  by 
being  crowded  with  suckers,  and  having  axillary  tufts  of  leaves  and  spines. 
The  spedes  are  all  readily  prooagated  by  seeds  which  most  of  ihem  ripen 

in  England  ;  and  also  by  aiiie  suckers  and  root  suckers,  which  almost  all  of 

them  throw  up  in  abundance. 

A.  Leavei  thin,  dedduma.     Flouien  tolUary, 
M  1.  B.  sibi'rica  Pall.     The  Siberian  Beiberry. 
lilriUi/laaiim.    fM.¥\.Bou.,t.f.tt.i  Dec.  Prod,,  1 .  p.  lOS.  i  Don'i  U[l 

le  SIbMo.  Vr. 

nd  odT  Jig.  SS.  aHar  ItafDe,  and 

J^c.  CTar,,  ^e.  Spines 
3 — 7-parted,  Leaves 
Ian  ceol  ate-obo  vate.  ci  - 
liatelv  serrated.  Pe- 
duncles 1 -flowered, 
shorterthan  theleaves. 
(Don't  MiUer.)  An 
erect  deciduous  shruU. 
Siberia,  on  hills  and 
the  lower  mountains. 
Height  Sfl.  to  3  ft. 
Introduced  in  1T90. 
Flowers  yellow;  May 
and  June.  Berry  red ; 
ripe  in  September. 

a,  mottly  deciduotu.   Fiow^t  ■«  Racemet. 
The  common  Berberry, 

1  Inili/lrallim.    Lin,  Sp..  471.  i  Doe,  Pnid,.  I,  "  "»  ■  IVm'i  Mill..  1.  n.  11*. 
JfnTJWHVT,    B.  Htntntlj  Prett  \    B-  macroci 

•Inette.  Fr.  ilemelne  BerlKrilie.  GtT. 
Eivnn'iweM-    Euif,  Bot-.  I,  40- 1  WIIM,  Bdua, 

dower,  5  a  ipcclinon  In  fruit,  e  a  ftower  of  II 


VI.   BEBBESA'cEJB  :  BtfRBERIS.  43 

^pM.  dor.,  j^.     Sjunea  3-part«d.     Leaves  somewhat 

oboTBte,ciU«tel}'  serrated.     Racemes  many-flowered, 

pendulous.    Petiils  enlire.   (Zkn'j  MUi.)    A  Epread* 

ing,  manj-rtenuned,  deciduous  shrub.     Europe,  asd 

Britaia  in  hedges  and  copses,  and  naturalised  in  many 

MTts  of  Asia  and  America.     H«^t  Btl.  to  10  ft. 

Flowers  yellow ;  May  and  June.     Befries  red ;  ripe 

in    September.      Decaying   leaves    reddish   yellow. 

Naked  wood  yellowish  white. 
rarietiei. 

A  B.  ».  S  luieo.  —  Fruit  yellow,  sometimes  stone- 
less. 

*  B,  c.  3  iiba. — Fruit  white.  > 

*  B.  r.  iyioldcea. — Fruit  violaceous. 

A  B.  V.  5  puTvurea.  SAanotniaiCaXi'lni,  —  Fruit 
purple;  fesTes  narrow,  hardly  ciliated. 

*  B.  e.  6  nigra.  — Fruit  black;  leaves  oblong,  ci- 

liately  serrated,  serratures  few.  Tile  fruit  of 
this  plant  ia  said  by  Toumetbrt,  who  fbuud 
it  on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates,  to  be  of 
delicious  flaTour. 

■  B.  D.  T  duldi. — Fruit  red,  somewhat  less  add 
than  that  of  the  common  berberry.  Leaves  of 
A  bright  shining  green.    Native  of  Austria, 

where  it  was  first  considered  to  be  a  distinct  species,  till  the  fruit 
of  plants  raised  from  its  seed  was  found  to  be  as  acid  as  that  of 
the  common  berberry.  It  is  now,  however,  propagated  by  layers; 
the  leaves  and  &uil  are  considerably  larger  than  those  of  the  species, 
and  the  fruit  is  found  perfedty  sweet  and  agreeable  to  est.  In 
short,  this  variety  is  to  the  common  berberry,  what  the  apple  is  to 
the  crab. 

»  B.  V.  8  aiperma.  Tie  leedUu  Berbem/.  —  Fruit  destitnte  of  seeds. 
Miller,  and  also  Du  Hamel,  both  say  that  suckers  taken  from  this 
variety  conunouly  produce  fruit  with  seeds;  that,  as  the  tree  grows 
older,  the  seeds  become  fewer,  and  that  it  is  the  age  of  the  plant 
that  at  last  causes  the  fruit  to  he  seedless;  in  that  case  this  plant 
must  be  considered  more  a  variation  than  a  rariety.  B.  v.  aspinna 
is  said  by  Du  Heiuel  to  i>roduce  the  best  fruit  for  preserving;  and 
it  is  from  it  that  the  delicious  Conjituret  d'S'pme  vmette,  for  which 
Houen  is  so  celebrated,  are  made.  {Noun.  Dull.,  iv.  p.  13.) 

«  B.  c.  E>  longifoSa  Booth.  —  Leaves  longer  than  those  of  the  spedes. 

*  B.C.  10 g&&ca.     B.  gbilica  Booth. —  Leaves  glaucous.    Mr. Gordon 

considers  this  plant  as  related  to  B.  sibirica ;  but,  as  it  has  not  yet 
flowered  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  this  point  cannot  he 
determined.   (See  Gard.  Mag.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  2.) 
A  B.  f>.  11  jintit.  —  Shoots  without  spines.     Leaves  glaucous,  rather 

*  B,  V,  l2proandaSi  Schrad.  —  Young  shoots  brown.   Leaves  and  fruit 

as  in  the  common  berberry. 
All  these  varieties  are  in  the  London  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
OlAgr   FarielKi.     In  the  Horticultmal  Society's  Garden  a  number  of 
alleged  species  of  berberries  have  been  raised  from  seed,  which  have  all 
proved  varieties  oi  B,  vulgilris,  and  most  of  them  so  Blight,as  to  be  scarcely 
worth  keeping  distinct.    (See  Gard,  Mag,,  vol-  xvi.  p,  2.) 
Hie  common  berberry  will  live  for  two  or  three  centuries,  without  increasing 
much   in  size.     The  wood  is  hard  and  brittle,  of  a  yellow  colour,  and  but 
little  used  except  for  dyeing.     The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  plant  is  young, 
is  rapid  1  and,  in  consequence,  in  (ive  or  six  years  it  will  attain  the  boght  of 


44  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

7  or  6  feet  j  but  it  grows  slowly  afterwards,  unleas  the  suckers  are  removed 
from  it  as  theji  are  produced.  It  is  seldom  seen  above  10  ft.  high  ;  but  there 
are  examples  of  trees  of  it  30  ft.  high,  probably  of  30  years'  growth.  The 
inner  bark,  both  of  the  stems  and  roots,  aSbrds  a  yellovr  dye.  The  leaves  are 
agreeably  add,  and,  according  to  Gerard,  were  used  in  his  time  "  to  season 
meat  with,  and  instead  of  a  salad,  like  sorrel." '  The  berries  are  so  acid,  that 
lords  seldom  touch  them.  They  are  not  eaten  raw,  but  are  excellent  when 
preserved  with  sugar  in  syrup,  or  candied.  They  are  also  made  into  jelly  and 
rob,  both  of  which  are  not  onl;^  delicious  to  the  taste,  but  extremely  whole- 
aonie  ;  and  they  are  pickled  in  vinegar,  when  green,  as  a  substitute  for  capers. 
The  plant  is  cultivated  in  gardens  as  a  fruit  tree  or  fruit  shrub  ;  and  the 
variety,  or  rather  variation,  in  which  the  seeds  are  said  to  be  wanting,  and 
that  in  which  the  fruit  is  sweet,  are  recommended  in  preference.  The  plant 
makes  an  excellent  hedge  i  but  there  exists  a  prejudice  against  it  among  agri- 
culturists, from  its  supposed  influence  in  producing  blight,  or  mildew,  on  the 
com  adjoining  it.  Tbis  opinion  is  of  unknown  antiquity;  but  it  is  now  ge- 
nerally conridered  to  be  an  erroneous  prq'udice. 

»  3.  S.  (v.)  km«rgii4aV&  Willd.     The  emargloat&^toi^f  Berberry. 

IilnilillaUim.    Wind.  Bnnm.,  I.  p.  ■9^  ;  Ok.  Prod.,  I.  p.  109.  ;  DoD'I  Mill,  1.  p.  IIS, 
Anteiianiu.    Aatgtruiiftt  tieTnt«dJ  Berberlue.  Ger. 
EngnnlBfr.    nijna  AbUld.,  1.  61.  i  u>d  oal^i.  U.  ud  S6. 

^>ec.  dor.,  ^c.   Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  lanceolate-obovate,  cillately  serrated. 
Racemes  scarcely  pendulous,  Sorter 
than  the  leaves ;  petals  emareinate. 
(DotCi  MiU.)      A 
deciduous     shrub. 
u  Siberia.       Hdght 
»  5  ft.  to  7  ft.  Intro-"' 

Flowers  yellov 
May  and  J 
Benies  redj 
in  September.  De- 
caying leaves  yel- 
low. Naked  young 
wood  whitish  yel-        B*irtim~Minu». 

Closely  resemblmg  B.  vulg&ris,  of 
which  it  is,  doubtless,  only  a  variety ;  but  it  is  one  half  smaller  in  all  its  part*, 
and  has  the  petals  emai^nate,  and  the  leaves  decidedly  glaucous. 

L.    The  Cretan  Berberry. 


yellow  I  / 
I    June.  I 


Spec.CAar.,^r. 

3 — S^mrted.  Leaves 
oval-oblong,    entire,  * 
or  somewhat  serrat-^ 
ed.     Kaccmes  3 — S- 
Bowrd.,  rather  short- 
er than  the  leaves. 


VI.   BERBERA^CEM  :   BE'llBERlS.  45 

(Don'i  Mill.)     A  deciduous  abrub,  crowded  with  shoots.   Crete,   Candia, 
and,  peHliuM,  Japan.     Hdgfit  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced  in  1759.     Flowers 
yellow  1  May  and  June.     Berriea  orate,   black;   nne  in  September.     De- 
caying leaves  whitish  yelloK.     Naked  young  wood  also  whitiah. 
The  leaves  are  produced  without  any  obvious  order ;  tbcj  are  small,  and  in 
their  shape  they  resemble  those  of  the  narrow- leaved  variety  of  the  common 
box.      Tne  berrie*  are  ovate,  black,  8-aeeded,  laon  aatringent  than  acid; 
stigmn  on  a  vei;  Bbort  style. 

•  S.  B.  (v.)  CKjL.TX'aiHi  Dec.     The  Cratsgus-lifae  Berberry. 

UauMadte.  Dm.  Sjtt.,t.  p. 9.)  Hod'i 

AwtaAw.  Dnr  jlr.  W.  froD  ■  ipecbiKii 
in tbcHat.  Soc. Gudan. 

^xc.  Char.,  ^c.    Spines  nmple. 

Leaves    oblong,    reticulated, 

hardly    serrated.      Racemes 

many-dowered,         crowded, 

R>reading,     scarcely     longer 

than  the  leaves.  (Am'i  MilL) 

A  deoduouB  ofauicouE-leaved 

shrub.    Asia  Minor.    Height 

4  ft  to  e  ft.     Introduced  in 

1893.    Flowers  fdlow ;  May^ 

and  June.    Betnes  red ;  ripe 

in  Sqitember. 

Distinguished  from  all  the 
other  species,  by  the  leaves  being 
long,  flaccid,  entirely  glaucous, 

or  whitt^.  Young  shoots  brown.  »■  ■»n«t™u.tf».Mi.ii» 

A  plant  beaiW  this  name  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  is  5  ft. 
high,  with  the  teaves  much  longer  than  those  of  B.  vulgbis  g  serrated,  as  in 
that  spedes,  and  decidedly  glaucous.      In  other   respects  we  can   see  no 


■  6.  £.  ibb'bica  SUv,     The  IberiaD  Beiterry. 
MnuekaUm.    Don't  HD^  I. p. lit.;  and  LlndL,  Fm.  Ctc.,<.  B.SI. 
AiKK^rirH.    a.  Tul^rli  ?  T.  Ibttlci  Dm.  S^U.  t.  p.  8.  i  A  llatnita  ma. 
St^rmtrmtl.    Doid.  Bitt,  t.  te.,  u  B.  iliieiuli )  ind  mr^.  ED. 

^>ec.  Otar.,  ^c.  Spines  simple,  and  3-parted ;  leaves  obovate- 
oblong,  quite  entire.  Raceme*  many-flowered  ;  petals  entire. 
(Dan't  Mm.')  A  deciduous  shrub.  Iberia.  Hra^t  3  ft.  to  " 
Aft.  Introduced  in  1790.  Flowers  yellow;  May  and  June. 
Berries  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  yel- 
lowish red.  Naked  young  wood  reddish  yellow. 
Readily  distinguished  from  the  common  berberry  by  its  smaller 

and  smoother  leaves,  its  red  shoots,  and  its  almost  upright  racemes ; 

and  from  B,  sinensis  by  the  leaves  being  comparatively  entire. 

ft  7,  3.  canadb'nsis  Mill.     The  Canadian  Berberry. 

J»— run.    A.  T^tfirla  J/i.  F1.  Bur.  AmeT..\-  p.  30B.;  B.  rulgirli  tit.  caaaiiwAxltattf'i 

J>>UriB«v>.  'll^u  AM>IU..I.a.t  xsdnorA'Gl.iRwtlutiatbei. 

^xc.  Char,,^c.  Branches  verrucose,  dotted,  with  short  triple  spines  ;  leaves 
spatulate,  oblong,  remotely  serrate,  with  Bomewhnt  bristly  teeth  ;  racemes 
sub-conmbose,  lew-Sowered  ;  petals  emarginale  ;  berries  aubdobose,  or 
oval.  (Tor.  and  Gray,)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Oeoma.  Height 
2ft.   to   3ft.,  in  England  5ft.      Introduced  in  1759.      Floi^ri  yellow; 


46  ARBORETUM    ET    FnUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Ma^  and  June.  Berriea  red  ;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying leavei  yellowish  green  and  reddith.  Naked  young 
wood  whitish  yelloir.  , 

Leaves  much  Hualler  and  oarrower  than  in  B.  Tulgiris, 
attenuate  at  the  base,  but  nearly  sessile;  the  mar^s  serru- 
late, with  8-8  distant  often  inconspicuous,  mucrouate  teeth. 
Jtaceme  5-8-tlowered,  nodding ;  flowers  smaller  dian  in  B. 
vulgiiru  i  fruit  smaller  and  much  shorter.  Stem  and  roots  i 
velloiTi  ihe  former  rarely  exceeding  3  ft.  in  height.  Found 
m  the  Allt^hany  Mountains,  Virginia  and  Carolina,  Tenessee, 
and  Georgia.  {Tor.  and  Gray.)  Introduced  into  England  in 
1759,  but  probably  lost,  as  we  have  seen  no  plant  answering  t\,  a. 
this  description  in  British  gardens. 

«  B.  B.  BtHs'NSis  Daf.     The  Chinese  BertMry. 
MaUficaHBm.    Duf.  CWil.  Hort.  p.,  110. 1 
Dee.  Prod,,  1.  p.  IDS.;  Doa'i  HU1..I.  p.  nt. 
&Mi^«H.    ATDMiunw*.  Jiw.l.  P-l«6. 
Atgi-niit^.    OurJ^.  tX  ud  e>.  rtoin  >  ipv 

dmad  Id  the  Hort.  Soc.  OuiUd. 
^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Spines  3-parted. 
Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  or 
the  lower  ones  a  little  toothed. 
Kacemes  many-flowered,  nodding. 
(Don't  AGU.)  A  deciduous  shrub 
with  slender  shoots.  China.  * 
HeightSft.  to  5ft,  Introduced 
in  1800.  Flowers  yellow  ;  May 
and  June.  Berries  oval,  dark  red  ( 
ripe  in  September.  Leaves 
smooth,  eharply  serrated.  Decay- 
ing leaves  of  a  fine  vellowiib  red. 
Naked  young  wood  reddish  yei- 

Tlte  plant  at  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Uarden,  and  at  Messrs. 
I-oddiges's,  has  smooth  leaves,  red 
shoots,  and  closely  resembles  Birberit 


VI.    BERBERA'CEJE:   BEfRBBRlS. 


47 


C.  Lemti  kaUtery,  everptoi,  or  ni-etergreen.    Ftowen  lolUary,  or  in  Clialcn, 
m  9.  a.  du'lcm  D.  Dm.    The  smeelfrailed  Berbeny. 

UatUaHm.    SM.  Brtt.  FI.-Gud.i  UndLFn.  Crc_4.p.asi. 
SmifS^l7   8vt.Bi1LFLCinl.,3ilHr..l.lM.jlBiiwA'M- 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.     Spinea   long,   ilender,   dmple,  or  3- 

pBTted.     LesTes  obomte  obtuse,  with  or  wiAout  a 

urittl;  point,  quite  entire,  shuicoiu  on  the  under  side. 

Floireni  solitarj,  on  sleoder  stalks,  twice  as  long  as 

the  leavea.  {jJoM.,  Pen,  Cj/c.,)    An  erergreen  ahrub, 

with  ihining  leavet.    Straits  of  Hagdlan  to  Vsldrria. 

Hoght  S  ft.  to  5  ft.     Introduced  in  1830.     Flowers 

fdlow ;  March  to  June.     Berries  round,  black,  about 

the  size  of  a  black  currant;  ri^  in  August.    Decay- 
ing leaves  bright  yellow ;  dropping  in  May  and  June. 

An  dqnnt  evergreen  baab,  which,  in  some  places,  hat  I 
attuned  tne  bewht  of  fi  ft.  The  Sowers  are  large,  of  a  " 
line  bright  yellow,  more  expanded  than  thev  are  in 
many  species,  and,  ftom  their  long  slender  sta&B,  Aey 
hang  down  in  a  very  gncetul  manner.  In  its  native  country,  the  fruit  is 
used,  both  green  and  ru>e,  as  we  use  gooed>erries,  for  making  pica  and  tarts 
and  preserves,  Ibr  which  it  is  most  excellent.  It  is  quite  hardv  and  evei^green. 

J-  10.  B.  Bv\\To''i.\k  Lam.     The  Boi-leaved  Berberry. 


twisud  sub-«veTKreen  shrub.  Kative  of  the  Strait) 
of  Magellan.  Hmght  8  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  ?. 
Flovers  vellow.  December  to  March,  Beniea  blu' 
ish  purple,  4-seeded, 

6^  to  be  nearly  allied  to  B.  dblds.   A  very  valuable 
addition  to  our  hardy  evergreens ;  though,  at  present,  ran 


X'?»- 


j-  11.  B. 


arnidScliiilUa.T.p.lLj  H«gk. 

Spec.  Char„  *e.      8pii        .  . 

diviuons.     Leaves  ovate  elliptic,  rigid, 
coriaceous,   toothed,  mucronate.     Pe- 
duncles   4- — S,  sub-umbellate,   shorter 
than  the  leaves.     An  evergreen  shrub, 
with  numerous  spreading  tranches,  and 
lo^  white  tpioea,  graierally  in  threes, 
but  (ometimea  more  numerous.    Straits 
of  Magellan.     Hd^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft.    In- 
troduced ?  1830.  Flowers  den>  yellow, 
a  little  larger  than  tboK  of  B,  vul- 
girii  i   Hay  and  June.    Fruit  ?. 
A  very  desirable  species,  nearly  allied 
to  B.  heteroph^lla.      Our  engravuig  is  of 
a  specimen  taken  from  a  verv  handsome 
plant  in  the  rich  collection  of  evergreens 
It  ^vatton  Castle.     Dr.  Hooker  n 


A  Mart.    The  ray-^ined  Beiberry. 


I  variety  with  smaller  Waves  than 
the  q)ecies,  but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  introduced.     Quite  hardy. 


48 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


jB  12.  B,  ubtrrophy'lla  Jus,    The  various-leaved  Berberry* 

IdaMkatiom,    Jiui.  in  Polr.  Diet.,  8.  p.  G99.  \  Dec.  Prod..  1.  p.  108. ;  Don't 

Mill.,  1.  p.  117.;  Lindl.,  Pen.  Cyc.  4.  p.  961. 
^nonymet.    B.  flidrblia  F&rtt.x  B.  triicuplfULU  SmiA* 
EngravHtgs.    Hook.  Exot.  FL,  1 . 1. 14. ;  and  oar  Jig.  67. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
glabrous,  some  of  them  entire,  others  furnished  with  3 
pungent  teeth.  Pedicels  solitary,  1-flowered,  hardlv  longer 
than  the  leaves.  Filaments  toothed.  (DorCs  Mill,)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Straits  of  Magellan.  Height  3  ft.  to 
4  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  orange  yellow ;  May 
and  June.  Berries  red ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leaves  greenish  yellow ;  June  and  July. 

Much  branched,  and  the  older  branches  covered  with  dark 
wrinkled  bark.     The  leaves  clustered,  and  of  two  kinds ;  the 
old  ones  terminated  with  a  sharp  spinose  point,  and  having    ^^^ 
a  lateral  spinule  on  each  side  above  the  middle,  and  the    e7rB.b4 
younser  ones  being  pale  green,  unarmed,  and  having  their 
margins  entire  and  softish.    The  old  leaves  are  also  quite  rigid,  dark  green, 
and  shining. 

jt  13.  B,  £MPBTRiFo^LiA  Lam,    The  Empetrum-Ieaved  Berberr}\ 

Idmtffieatitm.    Lam.  lU.,  t.  i68. ;  Dee.  Prod.^.  p.  107.;  Dod*s  Mill.,  1.  p.  117. ;  Pen.  Cyc.,  4.  p.  96K 
Xngro9imgi,    Lam.  lU.,  t.958.  flg.4.;  Sw.Brlt.Fl.-Gar.,  2.  a.  L  860.;  and  oarJtgJBi.    ^ 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Spines  3-parted.  Leaves  linear,  quite  entire, 
with  revolute  margins.  Pedicels  I—- 2,  1-flowered.  (Don^s 
Mill.)  An  elegant,  decumbent,  evergreen  bush.  Cordillenis 
of  Chili  in  subalpine  woods.  Height  1ft.  to  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1830.  Flowers  yellow ;  iSscember  to  March.  Ber- 
ries ?  yellow  ;  ripe  in  July.    Wood  reddish  brown. 

Branches  slender,  twi^y,  angular,  covered  with  a  chestnut- 
coloured  bark.  Leaves  nsdculate,  linear,  mucronate,  revolute, 
and  entire  at  the  maxgins,  claucous  ;  about  half  an  inch  long, 
and  nearly  a  line  in  breadth.  Flowers  laige,  spreading.  A 
very  curious  and  pretty  plant,  in  general  aspect  much  more  like 
a  heath  than  a  berberry.  It  is  perfectly  nardy,  and  deserves  ^  ^' 
a  place  in  every  collection^     It  is  readily  increased  by  layers,  in  heath  soil. 

D.  Leaves  leathery,  evergreen  or  stilh-evergreen.    Flowers 

in  Racemes, 

A  14.  B.  DEALBA^TA  LvuU,    The  whiteaed-leaved 

Berberry. 

LUnt^fieaUom.    Bot.  Reft.,  1. 1760. ;  Pen.  Cyc.,  4.  p.  261 . 

Summtfrne.    B.  gladca  uort. 

Engrwdmg:    Bot  Reg.,  1. 1760. ;  and  our  j^.  09. 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc,  Spines  scarcely  any.  Leaves  roundish, 
coarsely  toothed,  rather  g^cous,  white  beneath.  Ra- 
cemes very  short  and  compact,  {lendulous.  {Pen,  Cyc.) 
An  upright  evergreen  bush,  with  white  or  glaucous 
leaves.  Mexico.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced 
in  1830.  Flowers  yellow,  sweet-scented ;  December 
to  March.    Berries  yellowish  purple ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  tall,  slender,  evergreen  bush,  with  deep  brown 
branches,  and  scarcely  any  spines.  The  leaves  are  some- 
times wedge-shaped  and  S-toothed,  but  more  frequently 
nearly  round,  with  two  or  three  spiny  teeth  on  every  side. 
A  curious  and  beautiftil  species,  well  deserring  of  cul- 
tivation. It  is  quite  hardy,  and  readily  increased  by 
layers,  which  root  the  same  season  that  they  are  made.         ^,  bm,h»  AttOMm, 


VI,   BERBERA  CE£  :    IIERBERIS. 


■  15.  B.  asia'tic 

litmlifaiUai.    Rmb-ln  Dm.  Srtt.,l.fi. 

Sfmrnima^  The  LTdum  at  DIOKorldai.  Ra^  to 

am  KMliln  BvriHiTT.  Pm.  Ore. 
fiVraA^i.    DelHi.  Icon.  hJ.,!.  I.  l.i  ind  our  A. 


Ao.r6.    'Die  Asiatic  Berberry. 

9.|Dac.  I>rad.,l.p.  IDT.i  Don't  HUl..  1.  p.  l]6i  P«. 
/.An,  7VaM..itll,  p.U.;  S  tiDctarti  Z^c*.  ( 

^>fc.  Char.,  ^c.      Spines  trilid,  or  umple.     Leaves  oval,  cuncBted  or  eltin- 
tical,  mucroDDte,  smooch,  under  surrace  glaucous,  entire   or   spinulosely 
toothed.      Racemes  short, 
niHny-floiTered,  corymbose, 
shorter  than    the     leaves. 
Pedicels    elongated,    one- 
flowo^.       B^es     oval. 
(Doa't  SSil.)    A  vigorous- 
ly  growiug    sub-evergreen 
siuiib,  crowded  with  nume- 
rous luxuriant  suckers.  Ne- 
pal, on  mountwns.     Hdght 
6  ft.  to  8  (t.     Introduced  in 
IBSO.        Flowers    yellovr; 
Hay  and   June.      Berries 
purplish,  with  a  dne  bloon ; 
ripe    in    July.      Decaying 
leaves  yellow  and  red. 
Leaves   somewhat    resem- 
bling lho«e  olS.  hetcrophyila, 
but  not  glaucous.     The  plant 
is   easily  distinguished    from 
that  species  by  the  very  short 
racemes  of  its  flowers,  by  tbeir  bdng  produced  much  earlier,  and  by  the 
smoothness  of  its  shoots.      On  JiUy  SO.   1S37,  a  fine  plant  of  B.  esiacica, 
in  the  grounds  M  Syon,  was  covered  with  fruit,  while  one  of  Ji.  arisUia, 
BtantUng  dose  beude  it,  was  covered  with  its  beautiful  rich  yellow  btossom», 
many  of  which  were  not  fully  expanded.     The  fruit  is   oblong,  pinkish  or 
lish,  wrinkled,  and  covered   with   a   fine  thick  bloom   like    that  of  the 
aisliM.     The  plants  in  5  or  6  year*  attain  the  height  of  6  or  6  feet. 

•   16.  B.  akutaVa  Dec.     The  biistled-lool/i-leaved  Berberry. 

.   Dtc.Prod.,  t.p.  IM.;  Dm'iHm.,[.  p.lll. 

~"         ~     -  .;  B.IBsaEtiaaillott.i  B.l\aiai\i  Dnf. 
n-.,  t.  98.  i  BO.  Heg.,  [.  T».  ;  mi  ear  Jig.  Il 

c.  CAott  i^c.  Lower  spines  3-parted,  simple ; 
naves  obovate-acute,  tapering  much  to  the 
base,  ending  in  a  mucro  (prickly  point)  at  the 
apex,  membranous,  smood)  on  both  sides,  ser- 
rated,  with  4  or  5  Imstly  teeth.  Raceme*  : 
nodding,  many-flowered,  longer  thm  the  J 
leaves.  Berries  oblong.  (Ihn't  Miil.)  A 
vworous-growing  sub-evergreen  shrub,  crowd- 
ed with  suckers  which  sometimes  grow  8  IV. 
to  9  ft.  long  in  a  season.  Nepal,  on  mountains 
5000ft.  to  8000  ft.  of  elevation.  Height  eiV. 
to  to  ft.  Introduced  in  1S20.  Flowers  yel- 
low ;  June  and  July,  Berries  purplish,  with 
a  fine  bloom;  ripe  in  September.     Decaying 

leaves  yellow  andscarlel.  Naked  young  wood  j,    ctrtniivimv^ 

yellowish  brown. 

Very  distinct  from  any  of  the  preceding  species  or  varieties,  growing  with 
mraordiiiaiy  vigour,  and  ci^le  of  being  formed  into  a  very  handsome  small 


k; 


50  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   DRITANNICUM. 

tree.  The  root  and  wood  are  of  a  dark  yellow  colour,  and  form  the  yellow 
wood  of  Persian  authors ;  they  are  used  as  a  dye,  and,  being  bitter  and  a 
little  astringent,  they,  as  well  as  the  bark,  are  employed  in  medicine.  (Royle's 
JHIumL,  p.  63.)  In  Nepal,  the  fruit  of  this  species  is  dried,  like  grapes  for 
forming  raisins,  in  the  sun.  A  most  desirable  plant,  calculated  to  produce  a 
splendid  effect,  both  when  in  flower  and  when  in  fruit,  upon  an  open  lawn. 
As  a  rapid  grower,  it  ought  not  to  be  planted  near  slow-growing  shrubs  oi 
trees. 

Other  Species  of  B^rberis.  — B.  Coridria  Royle,  a  species  having  the  same 
general  appearance  as  B.  aristata,  has  been  raised  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  and  there  are  (plants  3  ft.  hi^h,  but  they  have  not  yet  flow- 
ered. Plants  have  been  raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and 
in  some  nurseries,  from  seeds  received  from  Mexico  and  Nepal ;  but,  though 
these  have  new  names,  it  is  not  certain  that  they  will  all  prove  new  species, 
and  therefore  we  consider  it  better  not  to  record  them  till  they  have  flow- 
ered. In  Hook.  Bot.  Mit.  vol.  iii.,  B.  chUentii  Gill.,  B.  rtucifotia  Lam.,  B. 
corymbom  Hook,  et  Arn.,  B.  glomerdta  Hook,  et  Am.,  and  B.  GrevUlekvtA  Gill., 
are  described,  or  mentioned,  as  having  been ,  found  in  South  America,  and 
Dr.  Hooker  has  specimens  of  them  in  his  herbarium.  Numerous  varieties 
of  Berberit  vulgaris  are  raised  in  the  London  gardens,  under  continental  names, 
as  if  they  were  si)ecies,  but  very  few  of  them  are  worth  keeping  distinct. 
See  in  Gard,  Mag.  for  1840,  p.  1.,  Mr.  Gordon's  Report  on  those  raised 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  in  1839. 

Genus  II. 


Edua 


MAHO^N/yl  Nutt.  Tix^^\knomK,or  Ash  Berberry.    lAn.St^st.  Hexandria 

Monog/nia. 

Tdeniification.    Kutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  1.  p.  S07. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  108. ;  Don's  Mill.,  p.  117. 
Spumymeg.    Bdrberis  of  authon  ;  Odogttoion  Rttf, ;  Ash  Berberry  Pnt.  Cffd, 
Derivation.    Named  by  Nuttall  in  honour  of  Bernard  M*Mahon,  a  seedsman  at  Philadelphia,  the 
author  of  the  American  Gardener^t  Calendar t  and  an  ardent  lOTer  of  botanical  science. 

Gen.  Char.  Sepals  6,  guarded  on  the  outside  by  three  scales.  Petals  6,  with- 
out glands  on  the  inside.  Stametu  furnished  with  a  tooth  on  each  side  at 
top  of  the  filament.     Berries  3— 9-seeded.     (DorCs  Mill.) 

Leaves  compound,  pinnate,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  the  leaflets 
coriaceous,  with  the  margins  toothed  or  serrated.  Flowers  yellow.  FrvU 
mostly  black.  —  Natives  of  the  north-west  coast  of  America,  and  also  of 
Nepal,  and  perhaps  Japan. 

Though  some  botanists  think  that  the  characters  ascribed  to  this  genus,  and 
those  ascribed  to  Berberis,  as  exhibited  in  p.  41.,  are  not  sufficient  to  keep 
them  separate  as  genera  ;  yet  the  habits  of  the  species  of  one,  as  to  the  mode 
of  growth,  foliage,  and  inflorescence,  are  so  distinct  from  those  of  the  other, 
as  to  induce  us  to  adopt  the  genus  Mahonta.  The  species  in  British  gardens 
are  all  of  comparatively  slow  ^owth,  and  admit  but  of  slow  multiplication  by 
layers,  which  require  to  remain  on  two  years,  and  scarcely  at  all  by  cuttings. 
Some  of  them,  however,  seed  freely,  and  are  readily  propagated  in  this  way. 
The  seeds  of  all  the  species  of  Mahornta,  and  also  of  those  of  Berberis,  if 
sown  immediately  aflcr  they  are  ripe,  and  protected  through  the  winter  from 
frost,  will  come  up  the  following  spring. 

*  ].  M.  FASCicuLA^Ris  Dec.  The  croYfded-racemed  Mahonia,  or  Ash  Berberry. 

Identificaiion.    Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  108. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1. p  US. 

Stfnenifmea.  Birberis  pinnita  Lag.^  Bot.  Reg.,  SoL  Mag.,  and  Tor.  4*  Gragf ;  B,  fiiscicnlilTis  Pen. 
Oj/e.  In  the  same  work  it  is  stated  that  Mabbn/a  diverilfolia  is  the  same  as  this  species ;  though 
it  is  figured  and  described  by  Sweet,  as  a  species  from  Monte  Video :  sec  Swl.  Br.  Pl.-G€nr.,  ad 
series,  t.  56. 

Engravfngs.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  702. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  2396.  ;  and  our>^.  72. 


VI.  besbera''ce£  :  waho'^sia. 

S}ite.  Char.,^.  Leaven 
of  3 — 6  paiM  with  nn 
odd  one,  the  loweat 
pair  near  the  bate  of 
the  petiole.  Leafieta 
oTBte-lBiiceoliite,  ra- 
ther distant,  one- 
nerved,  apiny-toothed, 
with  4  or  5  teeth  on 
each  side.  Racemes 
nesrljr  erect,  much 
crowded.  Filaments 
hiden  tale  .(Don'iMU. ) 

MexiK 

He^ht    5  ft.   to  8  ft. 

Introduced    in    1819. 

Flowers  j'ellow ;  Har.  >■ 

to  Hay.    Berries  pur- 
ple ;  ripe  in  September. 

Decaying   leaves  rich 

yellow;  drop  in  June. 

Very  hanilEome. "  Per-  * 

hapa  the  most  showy  of  all  the  bmily."  {Hook.')  It  is  readily  distinguished, 
even  at  a  distance,  from  the  other  mahonias,  by  the  glaucous  green  and 
subdued  tone  of  colour  of  its  leaves;  those  of  all  the  others  beiag  of  a 
fiarkcr  green,  and  more  or  less  shining.  The  plant  is  rather  too  tender  to 
be  treated  as  a  detached  bush,  unless  some  slight  protection  be  ^ven  to  it 
during  very  severe  ftosts ;  but  it  will  grow  freely  against  a  wall  with  scarcely 
any  protection.  Layers  and  seeds. 
M  S.  M.  Av^tra'T.KM  NuU.     The  Holly-leaved  Mahonia,  or  AA  Berberry. 

Engrmbitt.    PaiA.  Y\.  Arner.  S()il.  1. 1.  4.  |  BS(.  Vtfi  t  MSt.)  ud  aaijlg.  Tt. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  of  4  pairs 
of  leaflets  with  an  odd  one,  the 
lower  ptur  distant  from  the  base 
of  the  petiole ;  leaflets  ovate,  ap- 
proiimate,  cordate  at  the  base, 
one-nerved,  spiny- toothed,  with 
9  or  6  teeth  on  each  side-  Ha- 
cemca  erect,  and  much  crowded. 
Filaments  bidentate.  (D.'iJUUi.) 
A  shining  evergreen  shrub.  New 
Albion  to  Nooua  Sound.  Hdght 
5  ft.  to  7  ft.  m  its  native  country, 
probably  10ft.  in  England.  In- 
troduced in  18S3.  Flowers  yel- 
low ;  April  and  May.  Berries 
purple ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieliei.  One  variety,  M.  A.  nut- 
kmum  Dec.,  is  mentioned  by  De 

CandoUe ;  and  another,  found  at  n,  Hititeb  anjiin'in- 

the  junction  of  the  Portage  river 

with  the  Columbia,  by  O.  Don.     Torrey  and  Gray  consider  Hahonia 
repens  and  M.  pinn^ta  Meitxiei  as  only  rarielies  of  this  species ;  an  inad- 
vertence eicusoole  in  those  who  have  not  seen  the  plants  in  a  living  state. 
B  8 


S2  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICCM. 

One  of  the  hondsomeat  of  evci^reen  shniba,  attaining  the  height  of  6  ft. 
in  6  years,  quite  hardy,  producing  a  profusion  of  bunches  of  yellow  Sowers 
during  April  and  May.  In  its  native  country  it  srows  in  rich  vegetable 
soil,  among  rocks,  or  in  wooda,  where  it  forms  a  diick  and  riih  undergrowth. 
According  to  Dr.  Lindley,  it  is  "perhaps  the  handsomest  hardy  evergreen 
we  yet  possess.  Its  foliage  is  of  a  nch,  deep,  shining  green,  becoming 
purple  in  the  winter ;  it  bears  fruit  in  some  abundance,  which  consists  trf' 
clusters  of  roundish  black  berries,  having  their  surface  covered  with  a  rich 
violet  bloom.  It  most  resembles  M.  fasciculiris,  from  which  its  large  shining 
leaves  at  once  distinguish  it."    (iVnnj/  Cyc,  iv.  p.  202.)     Layers  and  seeds. 

«.  3.  M.  NERTO'SA  Null.     The  nervedJfOwJ  Malionia,  or  Atk  Bcrhtrry, 

lirtU^lealtm.    Null.  C™.  Amer..  1.  >-- 

p.ait.i  Don'!  Hill.,  I.  p.  118. 
AwMUVI.      BiThcrii   n«r»»M  Pk  , 

ttAT<ir.iGfittiUib<snia  sliuiA- 

cei  Dit.i  B&iirU  (lumtOH  Pni. 

^s"  nit.  Heg.."t.  Hsi  i  uS'our 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leavea  of 
5 — 8  pairs,  with  an  odd 
one,  the  lower  pair  distant 
from  the  petiole;    leaflets 
ovate,  acuminated,  and  re- 
motely spiny-toothed^ome-  • 
what  3 — 5-nerred,  with  12    ^                                                                          I 
or  14  teeth   on  each  side.                                                                                 ' 
Racemes  elongated.    Fila- 
ments  bidentate,      (DonU                                                                                i 
Mill.)     An  everpeen  un-      . 
dershrub.      North-west  of     ( 
N.  America,  on  the   river  ^ 
Columbia,   in  shady   pine  ci 
woods.  Height  8  fL  to  3  ft. 

Introd.  in  1928.     Flowers  "■  "■i'^""'-- 

yellow;    October  to  March.     Berries  roundisli,  glaucous  purple,  or  deep 
blue;  ripe  in  July. 
According  to  Torrey  and  Gray,  the  stem  is  so  low,  iliat  it  often  scarcely 

rises  from  the  ground,  and,  indeed,  is  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  whiiTi 

are  I  ft. to  S  ft.  in  length.  Racemes  spi- 

CBle,  often  6  in.  to  8m.  long.  Flowers 

taroer  than  in  M.  ,4guifdlium.  Thcpe- 

tiotes  of  the  leaves,  Dr,  Lindley  snys, 

I*  are  Jointed  at  every  pair  of  leaflets, 

in  the  manner  of  a  bamboo  stem." 

The  plant  is  hardy,  and  will  thrive  in 

a  shady  border  of  peat  soil.   One  of 

the  handsomest  of  undershrubs. 

k4.  M.  Kb'fbns  G.  Don.  The 
creeping.n>ofe(t  Mahonia,  or  AiA 
Berberry, 

littUffeciUm.    G.  Doa.  In  L«i4.  Hon.  Brit., 

Symmtmet,  BJrberU  AtptllitMx^  LhtdL  Bat. 
Reg.,  t.  H7S. ;  BirberiM  rtjMtu  Pat.  Ciit.  Iv- 
p.  Vl.  1  B.  .JifiilRilluin  .H.  ttpani  Kt.  t 

Eniirn'h^.  KM.  Rm,  t  J  IK.  i  unil  our  j%.  7S.       '^  CT 

^c.  Char.,  Jr.  Leaflets  2—3  pairs,  with  an  odd  one,  roundish  ovate,  opaque. 


VII.    CRUCIA^EiE:    FE^LLA.  53 

spiny-tootbed,  Bacemes  diffuse.  Root  creeping.  Filaments  bidentate. 
{D(m*i  Mill.)  An  evergreen  undersbrub.  West  coast  of  N.  ADQerica,  on 
tbe  Rocky  Mountains.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1822.  Flowers 
yellow ;  April  and  May.    Berries  puqilisb  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieti/, 

m  M,  r.  2  reperu-fatcicularit.  —  Habit  of  M.  fascicul^ris,  with  larger  and 
more  robust  foliage,  resembling  that  of  M.  repens.  A  sport,  or  a 
hybrid,  produced  accidentally  in  the  Sawbridgeworth  Nursery. 

The  shoots  consist  chiefly  of  short  unbranched  suckers,  with  the  leaves  some- 
what glaucous  on  both  sunaces.  The  racemes  of  flowers  are  terminal,  nume- 
rous, tascicled,  diffuse,  rising  from  scalv  buds.  The  plant,  in  British  gardens,  is 
perfectly  hardy,  and  produces  a  promsion  of  rich  yellow  flowers  in  April 
and  May.  layers  or  suckers;  but  it  does  not  root  readily.  Seeds  are 
sometimes  produced. 

Other  SpecieM  of  Mahofua.  are  no  doubt  in  British  gardens ;  but  as  they 
have  been  only  raised  lately  from  Nepal  or  Mexican  seeds,  nothing  can  be 
recorded  of  them  with  that  degree  or  certainty  and  detail  which  is  suit- 
able for  this  work.  MahotdtL  lenutfiSa,  a  Mexican  species  with  pinnate 
leaves,  and  entire  quite  smooth  leaflets,  on  very  long  slender  footstalks,  has 
been  raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  may  probably  be  as 
hardy  as  M.  fascicularis  ;  but  this  is  uncertain.  M.  nepaUruit,  M,  Bcanthi' 
foSa,  M.  tragacanthbides,  and  M,  caraganae/o/S^,  are  said  to  be  \ery  desirable 
species. 


Section  II. 

Carpella  toRtary,  or  connate  ;  Placenta  parietal  (that  Part  of  the  Capsule  which 
the  Seeds  are  attached  to  adhering  to  the  Sides  or  Walls  of  the  Ovary  or  Ger^ 
men),  attached  to  the  Walls  or  Cells  of  the  Ovary, 

Order  VII.     CRUCIA^CEiE. 

Ord.  Char,  The  order  Cruciaceae  is  readily  recognised  by  the  cruciform 
arrangement  of  the  petals,  which  are  always  four,  in  conjunction  with  tetra- 
dynaroous  stamens,  and  ^the  fruit  a  silioue  or  silicle.  —  Though  there  are 
several  species  which,  technically  considered,  are  ligneous  plants,  such  as 
i^lyssum  saxitile,  7b^  sempervireus,  Cheir&nthus  Cheiri,  and  some  others ; 
yet,  in  a  popular  point  of  view,  the  only  shrub  included  in  the  order  is  the 
/el  la  Pseudo-C^tisus. 

Genus  I. 


□ 

FE'LLA  L,    The  Vella.    tJn,  Syst,  Tetradynamia  Silicul6sa. 

Derwaium.    Thm  word  FMla  to  latlnlMd  from  the  word  velar^  the  Celtic  nnae  of  tbe  creu. 
Gen,  Char,    Stamens  the  4  longer  in  2  pairs,  the  2  of  each  pair  grown  together. 
Style  ovate,  flat,  tongue-shaped,  at  the  tip  of  the  silicle.     Allele  ovate,  com- 
pressed, its  valves  concave.  Partition  elliptic.  Cotyledons  folded,  tlie  embryo 
root  disposed  in  the  sinus  of  the  fold.  (t)ec,  Syst) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-cvei^reen ;  toothed  or  serrated, 
glaucous.  Flowers  in  axillary  spikes,  yellow,  seldom  succeeded  by  seed  pods 
in  the  climate  of  London.— Shrub  low,  sufiruticose,  native  of  Spain. 

E  3 


54 


ARBORETUM   KT   FUUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


II.  1.  Ke'^lla  Psbu^do-Cy^tisus  If.    False-Cytisus, or  «Ani6d^,  Cress- Rocket. 

JdaUificatitm.    Lin.  Sp.  805.  \  Doc;  Prod.,  I.  p.223. :  Don's  MUl.,  1.  p.  S54. 

^Monymcf .    VtXVA  IntegrlRklU  Sal. ;  Faux-cvtise,  A*. ;  straachartlgo  (thrubby)  VeUe»  Ger. 

Engravings.    Car.  Ic,  1.  4S. ;  and  our^t;;.  76. 

;^ec.  CAar.,  (Jr.  Petals  yellow,  with  long  dark 
purple  claws.  Larger  stamens  perfectly  con- 
nate by  pairs.  (^Don^s  MUL)  A  low  sub- 
evergreen  shrub.  Spain,  on  calcareous  hills. 
Height  2  ft  to  4  ft.  Introcl.  in  1759.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Silique  greenish 
yellow  ;  ripe  in  July.   Decaying  leaves  yellow. 

Branches  arched,  spreading,  somewhat  decum- 
bent. Leaves  glaucous  green.  Somewhat  ten- 
der, but  requires  no  protection  in  the  climate  of 
London,  when  planted  on  dry  soil.  It  is  a 
short-lived  plant,  like  all  the  suffhiticose  Cru- 
ciferse,  but  it  may  readily  be  renewed  by  cuttings 
or  seeds. 


7C.    raialSihdo-CyUwc. 


Order  VIII.     ClSTA^GEiE. 

Obd,  Char.  Sepals  5,  two  of  them  being  exterior.  Petals  5,  very  fugitive. 
Stamens  numerous.  FruU  capsular,  3 — 5-valved,  5 — 10-celled,  with  pari- 
etal placentae.   Embryo  inverted.   Plroperties  balsamic.  (Lindl,) 

Leaves  sunple,  opposite  or  alternate  (the  lowest  leaves  always  oppo- 
site), stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen;  generally  pubes- 
cent, puoescence  simple  or  stellate.  Flowers  large,  showy,  white,  red, 
or  purple. — Shrubs  low,  sufirutescent,  many  subherbaceous ;  natives  of 
Europe  and  Africa. 

The  Cistaceae  have  no  medical  properties ;  but  the  resinous  balsamic  sub- 
stance called  ladanum  or  labdanum  is  produced  from  C.  crcticus,  C.  lada- 
nlferus,  C.  /aurifolius,  and  one  or  two  other  species.  Their  use  in  gardens  is 
for  ornamenting  rockwork,  or  for  keeping  in  pits  during  the  winter,  and  planting 
out  in  flower-borders  in  spring ;  as,  from  the  tenderness  of  the  finer  species, 
they  are  unfit  for  a  permanent  place  in  a  shrubbery  or  arboretum.  Most 
of  even  the  laiger-growing  kinds  require  some  protection  during  winter : 
but  they  will  au  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that  is  dry  ;  and  thev  are  readily 
propagated  by  seecb,  which,  in  fine  seasons,  they  produce  in  abundance,  or 
by  cuttings ;  the  plants,  in  both  cases,  flowering  the  second  vear.  Though 
easily  propagated,  the  Cistaceae  do  not  readily  bear  transplanting,  having 
very  few  fibres,  and  these  rambling  to  a  great  distance  from  the  main  root. 
Plants  for  sale  ought,  therefore,  to  be  always  kept  in  pots;  and,  in  die 
winter  season,  they  should  be  protected  by  some  slight  covering  durins 
severe  weather.  The  hardy  ligneous  species  are  included  in  two  genera ;  which 
are  thus  contradistinguished  by  DeCandolle  and  O.  Don :  — 

Ci^sTUs  L,    Capsule  10 — 5-celled. 

IIelia^nthemum  Toum,    Capsule  1-celled,  3-valved. 

Genus  I. 


□□□□UD 


crSTUS  L.     The    Cistus,    or    Rock    Ross.      Lm.    Syst    Polyandria 

Monog^ia. 

Derivation.    From  the  Greek  word  kittS,  a  box  or  capsule,  or  Uic  Anglo-Saxon,  cm/,  a  hollow 


VIII.    CI8TACE£:    CISTV8. 

upnlH.    Id  Hutju'i  tlaitr,  Uw  » 


.    H0U7  KsM,  Omrdi  Oum  Ctitiu  1  date,  FT.  1 
Cm.  Char.     Cafyi  of  5  sepab.     &;p(i/t  (tisposeil-in 


1  double  M 


unequal,  Bomedmes  wanting.     Petali  5,  etiual,  somewhat  cuneated, 
"  -  d  Troi       '        ' 


caducous.  Slmnau  numeroufl,  usually  exserted  from  the  glandular  disk. 
Style  filiform.  Stigma  capitate.  C'l^iuie  covered  by  the  calyx,  5-  or 
lO-valved,  with  a  Beininir«tniB  partition  in  the  tniddle  of  each  Talve, 
therefore  5-  or  10.cel]ed.  Setdt  ovate,  angular.  Embrya  filiform,  ipiral. 
Leavet  simple,  opposite,  eistipulate,  Hub-evergreen,  entire  or  tootned ; 
the  petioles  embracing  the  stem.  Flauxrt  axillary,  or  many  flowered 
peduncles  ;  lai^  beautiful,  reeeubling  a  rose,  red  or  white.  — Shrubs  or 
subshrubs,  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Africa.  Only 
two  or  three  species  Ait  subspecies,  and  tueir  varieties,  are  hardy  in  the 
«  of  London. 

Lam.    The  purple^ouvmf  Ciatiu,  or  Rock  Rne. 


nected  at  the  base,  and  sheathingthest.    .     _._ 

terminal,  Ihim  )  to  8,  on  ^ort  peduncles.     Bmcteas 

sessile,  leaf.like,  pubescent,  broad  aud  concave  at  theft 

base,  where  they  are  connectetl,  anil  terminating  in  \ 

acute  po'mta.  Pedicels  short,  and  with  ihecoJyx  hairy. 

Calyx  of  b  sepals.    Petals  5  or  6,  obovate  or  wedge-  j 

sliBpcd ;  very  much  imbricate,  more  or  less  crum- 
pled.    Stamens  numerous,  filamenu  smooth.     Style 

very  short;  and  stigDtBlai^csf)itate,d'lubed,  papil- 
lose. (Saii.  Gil.)  A  sub-evergreen  low  hush,   Levant. 

Height  3  n.  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in  16^9.     Flowers 

Iai|^,  bright  reddish  purple,  with  a  yellow  spot  at  the 

base.   June  and  Juljr.  Capsule  brown ;  ri|)e  in  tjept.  Dealing  leaves  brown. 

Branches  Dumerous.  erect,  and  clothed  with  a  brownish  pubescence, 
llie  flowers  are  very  lai^e  and  handsome,  of  a  bricfat  reddidi  purple,  wult 
a  yellow  spot  at  the  base,  nbove  which  is  a  large  dark  purple  velvet  murk, 
surrounded  with  red,  and  slishtly  branched.  Tlie  petals  are  imbricate,  and 
much  crumpled.  It  flowers  abundantly  in  June  and  July  ;  grows  very  fust,  is 
easily  prop^ated  by  cuttings,  and  is  very  ornamental. 

m.  2.  C.  ikca'ni;s  L,     The  hoary  Cistus,  or  Rod  Sou. 
I.  Gm.,  4M.i   Don':  Urn.,  I. 
u  Dtc.  1   CLiM  coUnnMi.  Fr.  ; 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  niathulatc,  tomentose,  wrinkled, 
somewhat  ^nerved,  sessile,  somewhat  connate  at  the  base, 
upper  ones  Darrower.  Peduncles  1 — Wtowcred.  (DoH't 
A/tU.)  A  hoary  evei^reen  shrub.  S^aand  France.  Height 
S  ft.  to  3  ft  Introduced  in  1597.  Fktwers  reddish  purple, 
with  the  petioles  ona^nate.  June  and  July.  Oipsulc 
brown  j  npe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  brown. 
Quite  hardy  in  dry  soiL 


56 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


79.    C.  eorbarifmis. 


«.  3,  C.  CORBARiE^Nsis  PoutT,  The  Corbieres  CistUB,  or  Rock  Rose, 

IdcniifieaHam.    Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  966. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  299. 

Synonifmes.    C.  ralTicfbllat  fi  Dee.  Prod,  Ft.  Fir.,  4.  p.  813. ;  C.  populifdlitii 

minor,  in  somenunerlet ;  C.  h^bridoa  Pourr.,  not  of  Vahi. 
Engravings.    Swt.  Cist.,  t.  8. ;  and  our  Jig,  79. 

Spifc,  Char.  S^c,  Leaves  stalked,  sorac^vhat  cordate,  ovate, 
acuminated,  with  fringed  margins,  wrinkled  on  both  suHac  es, 
and  very  glutinous.  Peduncles  long,  1 — ^3>flowcred.  {Don's 
Mill'^  A  sub-ever^en  shrub.  South  of  France,  on  the 
mountains  of  Corbieres ;  and  also  in  Spain.  Height  2  ft.  to 
.Sft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June. 
Capsule  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  handsome  plant,  and,  according  to  Sweet,  one  of  the 
hardiest  species  of  the  genus,  thriving  well  in  common  garden 
soil,  and  m  any  situation  where  it  is  not  too  moist.  It  conti- 
nues in  bloom  for  about  two  months  ;  and  ever^  day  during 
that  period  the  plant  is  covered  with  a  proflision  of  hand- 
some white  flowers,  the  margins  of  which  are  tinged  with  rose  colour. 
The  rose-coloured  buds  are  also  very  pretty  before  the  flowers  expand. 

•  4.  C,  FOPULiFOLius  X.    Tlie  Poplar-leaved  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rose, 

Identifleatitm.    Lin.  Sp-  796. :  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  300. 

Si/noHi/mes,     Cistus  Bopullfbli  us  Cam.  Ison.\  Ciste  i  Feullles  de  Peuplier, 

Fr.  \  Pappel-blJittrlge  Cisten  Rose,  Oft. 
Engraoing*.    Swt.  Cut.  28. ;  and  oury^.  80. 

Spec.  CAar,f  S^c,  Leaves  stalked,  cordate,  acuminate, 
wrinkled,  smooth.  Flowers  cymose.  Peduncles  bracteate. 
Bracteas  oblong.  Sepals  acuminate,  clammv.  (Don*t  Mill,) 
A  sub-evergreen  shrub  of  vigorous  growth.  France  and 
Spain.  Height  5  ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers 
white,  with  cUstinct  petals ;  May  to  July.  Capsule  brown ; 
ripe  in  September. 

Leaves  dark  green,  cordate,  clammy,  with  undulate  margins. 
One  of  the  most  robust  species  of  the  genus,  and  also  one  of 
the  hardiest.  A  plant  7  ft.  high,  in  the  grounds  at  Syon, 
stood  through  the  winter  of  1837-8  uninjured,  without  the 
slightest  protection.  so.  cittm  popaimHiu. 

•  5.  C.  Laurifo^lius  L.     The  Laurcl-lcaved  Cistus,  or  Rock  Rose, 

IdeniifteaUom.    Lin.  Sp.  736. ;  Clus.  Hist  1.  p.  78.  f.  I. ;  Don's  Mill.,  I.  p.  300. 
Syrtonifmes.    Ciste  k  tcuiUes  de  Laurier,  Fr. ;  I^orbeer-blattrige  Cisten  Kose,  Ger. 
Engravingt.    Cliu.  Hist.,  I.  p.  78.  £  1. ;  Swt.  Cist.,  t.  52. ;  and  oMXjig.  81. 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.  Leaves  stalked,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  3-nerved,  upper  surface  gla^ 
brous,  under  surface  tomentose.  Foot- 
stalks dilated,  and  connate  at  the  base. 
Capsules  5-celIed.  (fiorCs  Mill,)  A 
sub-evergreen  bush.  South  of  Fiance, 
and  Spain.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  In- 
troduced in  177 1 .  Flowers  large,  white, 
with  light  red  bracteas ;  July  and  Aug. 
Capsule  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

A  very  robust  species,  with  large 
green  laurel-like  leaves.  It  produces  an 
abundance  of  flowers,  which,  with  their 
light  red  bracteas,  are  very  ornamental 
before  they  expand,  resembling,  at  a  distance,  the  bursting  buds  of  roses.  It 
requires  no  protection  ;  and  may  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  it  ripens  in 
abundance;  and  also  by  cuttings,  which, however, do  not  strike  so  freely  as  in 
some  of  the  other  species. 


•I.    Oitut /aurifjtlius. 


VIII.    ClSTACES:    CI'STUS.  67 

C.  tkD.tNi'PBBUB  L.     The  Ladanum-bearing  Cimi  Oatus,  or  Jfoct  /(oif. 
In.  Bp.  m.  1  Don'<  Mui.,  I  p.  am. 

I  lAdulRtr.  Fr.;  LHtaDum  Oilm  Roie,  Oer,!  Liduw, 


^^wv.  Omr,,  ifc.    Les*es  almcmt  lea^ile,  connate  at  the 

bate,  linear-lanceolate,  3-nerved,   upper  aurTace  gla- 

brouK,  under  lurTace  tomenlose.     Capsule  lO-cellcd. 

Petals    imbricate.     (DoiCt  Mill.)      A  Bub-evei^reen 

shrub.     Spain  and  Portugal,  on  nilb.     Height  4  ft.  to 

5  ft.     Introduced  in  1629.    Flowers  large,  white,  1  in. 

lo  2  In.  broad  ;  June  and  Julj.     Capsule  brown ;  lipe 

in  September. 
ranetiet.     C.  I.  1  allajldnit  Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  SSa.,  Swt. 

Cist.  L  9*. :  IA6on,  i.,  Cltu.  Hut.  i.  p.  76.  ic;  and 

C.  ^  2  maculdlui  Dec.  Prod.  1.  &  (Swt.  CiiL;  and 

our  jig.  S2.) ;  f7.  L  3  plenifolius  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  iii. 

p.  305. ;  are  varietiea  of  this  species,  "■  "■  "^^  "™i"<* 

The  leavu  are  lanceolate,  and  nearly  sessile,  of  a  deep  green  {  the  flowers 
tenmnatiug  the  branches,  solitary,  white,  and  large.  The  variety  C.  ladaniferus 
macuUtus,  which  otir  ^.  8S.  reprewnta,  ia  a  plant  of  very  great  beauty,  and 
no  collection  should  be  without  it. 

■  7.  C.  (t.)  CT'pRioa  Lam,     The  Oum  Cistus,  or  Cyprus  Rode  Rote, 

UnH/ktliem.    Lun.  tHi:t..9.ii.  16. :  Dmi'iHDI.,  I.  p.Ma 

Sr^tmrnma.    C.  ■•dulfanu  Bm.  ttMf.  1. 1 IL ;  OiUu  HtDOiiblllui  Ua  Smmm.  t.  p.  74.?  i  C  nlld- 

RiUoioCkbh. 
Erfriwtmgi.    Swt.  Clit,  t.  ».  i  ud  aaijlg.  SS. 
Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.      Leaves  stalked,  oblong-lanceoIate, 

upper  sur&ce  glabrouB,  under  surface  clothed  with 

hoary    tomentum.       Peduncles     generally    many- 
flowered-  Petals  xpotted.  Capsules  5-celled,  (Dtm'i 

ifUt.)     A  spleudid  sub-everareen  shrub.     Island  of 

Cvprus.     Height  5  ft.  to  6  it^     Introduced  in  1800. 

Flowers  white,  8  in.  to  3  in.  across,  imbricated,  each 

petal  baniu;  a  dail  rich  brownish  crimson  spot  at 

the  base;  Jium  and  July.     Cepsulc  brown;  ripe  in 


One  of  the  haodsomest  impedes  of  the  genus,  end  so 
closdy  resembling  C.  ladanlferus,  as,  m  our  opinion,  to 
be  nothmg  more  than  a  variety  of  that  speries.  Young 
cuttii^  Sweet  observes,  planted  under  hand-glasses  "'  """"^f*^ 

in  autumn,  will  strike  root;  but  the  beat  way  is  to  raise  them  Irom  layers 
or  from  seed.  There  was,  in  1834,  a  plant  of  this  species  at  Minard,  in  Ar- 
Kyllahirc^  T ft.  9 in.  high,  with  a  head  lEft.in  diameter,  which  ia  clothed  with 
flowen  every  year. 

Other  Speciei  of  Ciitut  are  described  in  Sweet's  Oatinetg,  as  nearly  emially 
hardy  with  the  above ;  but  the  experience  of  the  winter  of  1837-8  has  induced 
lu  to  omit  them.  Those  who  intend  to  treat  them  as  garden  plants,  and  can 
aflbrd  them  a  little  protection  during  winter,  will  And  36  species,  bendea 
varieties,  described  in  the  Grst  edition  of  this  work,  and  several  of  them 
figured.  Those  who  intend  only  to  have  a  collection  of  showy  species,  with- 
out much  regard  to  thdr  names,  will  have  recourse  to  the  mode  recommended 
in  the  concluding  pamgraph  on  the  Heli^nthemum.  (p.  61.)  The  following 
spedci  or  nibspeciea  were  found  tolerably  hardy  in  the  Canterbury  Nursety  : 
C.  heteroph^llus,  C.  crfticus,  C.  crfspus,  C.  Cupanidmu,  C.  hirsiltus,  C.  Uixus, 
C.  villAsus,  C.  obtongifftlius,  C.  uudulitux,  C.  ralvizfolius,  C.  lon^f&Uus,  C, 
paitos^tus. 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRITTICETUH   BIIITANNICUH. 


□  □□□ 


HELIA'NTHEMUM.    Thb  Heliantreiiuii,  or  Sas  Ross,     Lin.  Sytt. 

Polyfindria  Honog^nia. 

IdnHflaaim.    Touro.  TnK.,  Ma.  (.  IW. ;  Doc  P™J.,  I.  p.  Xe.  1  Doll'i  HIIL.,  1.  p.  HI. 
SHHuyinn.    Cl«i  ipj^M  "Ilia. ;  Hdtanthwiie  Sonnm  Ourtel,  Ofr.  1  ElinBlnuo,  llal. 

DrtheiunlntheinornlDg.uidllieiKtaliriilJoCrwMitbeuUliuaCIheiiiiiln^iiinilni.    T^ 
Bowert  of  Kivlltnlhanuni.  m  volL  u  or  Cittw,  onlf  Uu  for  ■  m  bcun  wbn  lb«  ub  ihlm  i  mad 

rnaald  uneKponded.  Should  thli  cantlnuv  for  «ef«r4l  d«j<  tocMlwr,  tb«j  will  deny  Id  tnabud. 
Gni.  Cto-.  Calyx  of  3 — 5  sepals  i.lhe  two  outer  unially  Bmall^  than  the 
inner  ones,  rarely  larger.  PelaJi  5,  uiuaily  regulariy  denticulated  at  the 
top.  Stigma  capitate.  Slyk  aomctimei  almoBt  wantiDg,  •ometimea  atraighl, 
eometiiiieH  oblique,  and  sometimes  bent  at  the  base.  Ovary  triquetroua. 
Capiule  3-vbIvcu.     Seedi  angular,  smooth. 

Leavet  simple,  opposite  or  alternate,  atipulate  or  eistipulale,  sub-ever- 
green ;  3-nerved  or  feather-nerved.  Flowert  axillary  or  terminal.  PedicetM 
usually  fumialied  with  bractcaa  at  the  base.  —  Shrubs  or  aubahnibs,  low, 
prostrate,  resembhng  herbaceous  plants  ;  natives  of  Europe ;  and  of  the 
cBsiest  culture  in  any  common  soil. 

t.  1.  H.  vtiLGA^BB  Gart.     The  common  Helianthemum,  or  Sua  Bote. 
I/kKlificalliiH,    CiRt  Fractal.  P.S71.  (.ni.;  Dod'i  Mill.,  I.  p.m. 

bnflww.    Clitiu  HellAntliHiiitin  Lin.  Sp.  l.-o.ltt.,  Sm.£i^.  Sal.  mi.,  C»n.  Fl.  LenA  S.t.18. 
EnerawiMgi     Eng.  But.,!,  llll.i  iDdourJff'M' 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Stem  suffruticose,  procumbent,  branched,  branches  elongated. 
Leaves  scarcely  revolule  at  the  margins ;  under  sur&ce  cinercoualy  hoary  ; 
upper  surface  green,  pilose,  Kome what  ciliated.  Lower  leaves 
somewhat  orbicular,  middle  ones  ovate^lliptical,  upper  ones  \ 
obloDg.  Stipules  oblong-linear,  cilialcd,  lon^r  than  the  foot- 
Btallts  of  the  leaves.  Racemes  loose.  Pedicels  and  calyxes  ,^ 
pilose.  (Zhin't  Afitf.)  A  procumbent  sub-evergreen  under- 
shrub.  Europe  and  Brittun,  in  dry  and  hilly  pastures.  Height 
6 in.  to  I  ft.     Flowers  yellow;   May  to  September. 

Viaieliet.     There  is  a  very  handsome  double-flowered  variety, 
with  pale  yellow  flowers ;  and  another,  called  Lee's  new  double 
yellow,  with  dark  yellow  flowers;  both  ofwhich  ore  in  general 
cultivation  in  the  nurseries.    De  Candolle  also  notices  two 
forms  of  the  species:  one  with  tomeqtose  pubescent  branches,    "■  "■" 
and  stipules  scarcely  longer  than  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  ;  and  another 
with  branches  glabrous  at  the  base,  but  pubescent  upwards,  and  the  sUpules 
twice  or  thrice  the  length  of  the  petioles  of  the  leaves. 
The  stamens,  if  touched  during  sunshine,  spread  slowly,  and  lie  down  upon 

the  petals.  (^notA.)    "A  very  variable  species,"  even  in  a  wild  state  ;  and, 

ill  gardens,  many  beautiful  varieties,  single  and  double,  have  been  originated 

&om  it  by  cross  /ecundation  with  Continental  helianthcmums,  and  periiaps  with 

dstuses. 
t,  8.  H.  (v.)  suBRBjii'Nuii  JTfitf.  The  Sur-    , 
rey  Helianthemum,  or  Sun  Roie.  J 

' atnlHUaUmt.     Mill.  Diet.,  No.  IG.  |  SwL  Ciri,  !.». ; 

S^ntnymf.   Cittuttami^ViLim.^^741.,Sin/lk'M  Et^. 

Eagrafttg.     DHL  Ellh..  IT7. 1.  lU.  f.  IT<. :  Sol.  Clit, 

t.n-iZng.  BM.,t.lXi7.iuiiloiirji^.SS.  J 

Spcr.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  sufFliiticosc,  procum-  y 

bent.     Leaves  ovate  oblong,  rallier  pilose. 


Eiicemes    many-flowcrcd,  terminal. 


VIII.    C13TACEM:    UELIA  HTHEHUM.  59 

tall  narrow,  bmccolBte,  jamed.  (Don'i  MiU.)  A  procumbent,  Hib-ever< 
green,  Eufihiticose,  uDderelinib.  Britain,  in  Surrey,  near  Croydon.  Height 
6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowera  jellow,  wiA  the  p<nals  diitinct,  and  the  calyxes  [liloBe ; 
July  to  October. 

.-   3.    H.   (v.)    SERPYLLIF. 

McMldHM.    ll1U.Dkt.No.S.;  DonlHUM.p.SII, 

Sper.Char„i^c.     Stem  aufihiticoae.     Branches  ascend- 
ent, glabroua  at  the  base,  and  pilose  at  the  apex. 
L^ves  oblong^elliptical,  with  revolute  maigins ;  under 
nufocc    hoary-tomentose ;    upper  surface   intensely 
green,  ihbin^,  at  first  rather  pilose,  afterwards  almoat 
smooth.     Stipules  and  bracteas  green,  ciliated.     Ca- 
lyxes conescent,  with  inconspicuous  down,  and  with 
the  nerves  Bparingly  pilose.  (Don'i  MilL^  A  trailing,         u-  u- lapiuifoi""' 
■ub-erergrcen,  BufiVudcose  undershnib.     Alps  of  Styria  and  Austria,  and  in 
Britain,  ui  Somersetshire.     Hci^t  6  in.  to  1ft.     Introduced  in  1731 ;  dis- 
covered in  England  in  18S6.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  with  the  pet^  distinct; 
May  to  Sqitember, 

t-  4.    H.  (y.) 


ini.,  nl.  3.  t.  ».  I  uhI  our  A.  ST. 
^e.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  auffhiticose,  ascending.  Branches  hairy. 
Upper  leaves  flattiah,  oblong,  rather  pilose ;  upper  sur&ce 
freen,  under  surfiice  sometimes  pale  cinereous.  Stipules 
ciljated,  ralher  longer'  than  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves. 
Flowers  large.  Calyies  rather  hairy.  (Don'i  Mill.')  A  neat, 
little,bushy,BUl>-eTergreen,su0hiticoseundeTshrub,  bearing  a 
close  resemblance  to  H.  vulgire,  but  larger  in  all  its  parts. 
Pyrenees.  Undit  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1800. 
Flosrers  targe,  pde  yellow ;  June  to  August.  "■  "■  s™""""""- 

t.  5.  H.  (v.)   tau'ricun  Fiich.     The  Taurian  Helianthemum,  or  Svn  Roir. 
Uimtlfcaaim.    Fitch.  USS.i  Doa'i  Mill.,  1.  ilUI. 
Emtrmimt,.    Sm.  CM,  lOS.;  ml  Dur  A.  9B. 

Spec.  Char.,  4-c.      Stem   Euflhitjcose,    much    branched,   pro- 
cnmbeuL     Branches  procumbent,   beset  with   lung   hairs. 
'      Leaves   oblong-lanceolate,   with    rather  revolute  margins, 
^     pilose  on  both  sur&ces,  green  above,  and  paler  beneath. 
'      Stipules  lanceolate4inear,  dilated,  longer  than  the  petiole. 
FJowers  large.    Calyx  shining,  rather  hairy.   Petals  imbri- 
cate. (Don'i  Mill.)  A  procumbent,  sub-evergreen,  suffhiti- 
coec  undershnib.    Tauria.    Hei^  6  in. 
to   1  ft.    Introduced  in   ISSO.     Flowers 
large,   pale   yellow ;    May    to    October, 
a.  B.uinianL         Resembles  U.  grandifldrum ;  but  differs 
from  it  in  the  branches  spreading  flat  on  the  ground,  and 
extending  to  a  great  distance. 


t-  6.  H.  (V,)  » 


-.  Fl.  Fr.,<.  p.  SMjDo 
Eiwrwi^i.    Swl.CIU..I,ei.iuidourji^.». 


60  AnSORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM 


^tee,  Chtir.,  ^c.  Stem  sufftiillcose,  branched.  Branches  tpreading,  hoary 
tomcntose.  Leavei  Btalked,  oblong  linear,  with  the  niarginB  scarcely  revo- 
lute;  under  surface  tomentose,  upper  aurtace  glaucescent,  but  at  length 
becoming  smooth.  Stipules  awl-chaped,  longer  than  the  footstalks  of  the 
leaves.  Calces  covered  with  very  short  hairs,  striated,  cincreously  glaucous, 
blimtish.  (Don't  Mill.'i  A  procumbent,  aub-evergreen,  suffruticose,  under- 
shrub.  Germany  and  Italy,  on  dry  hills  and  places  exposed  to  the  aun. 
Hd^ht  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1731.  Flowers  white,  with  the  petals 
distinct,  and  marked  with  yellow  at  thdr  base  ;  May  to  August. 

t.  7.  H.  (v.)  hacbVntruii  Suit.   The  large-flowered   Helianthemum,  or  Sua 


cut.,  1.108.1  •odourj%.90. 
—  Spec.  Char.,  gfc.     Stem   su&uticoac.     Branches  procum- 

bent,  rather   tomentose.      Leaves   flat,   ovate  oblong, 
acutlah ;  smooth  above,and  densely  tomentONc  beneath ; 
pale  cinereous.     Stipules  rather  piloie ;  about  equal  to, 
or  longer  than,  tbe  petioles.   Calyx  stri- 
ated, pilose.      Petals  distinct.    (Don'i 
Mill.)     A   procumbent,  sub-evergreen, 
suffruticose  underahrub.     Originated  in 
^dena.  Height  6  in.  to  1  h.  Cultivated 
in  I8S8.     Flowers  larger  than   in  any 
other   species ;    cream-coloured  white, 
»  H  micfbdhmiii.  ^jj[j  iijg  petals  distinct,  spreadine,  and 

very  slender  at  the  base,  where  they  are  marked  with  yel- 
low ;  May  to  August. 

«.  if.m,8niii/(^M  (Swt.Cist.,t.l04-;  andour^.ai.)",,.  „.„.„i,ti^„. 
is  a  beautiful  plant,  not  only  on  account  of  itx  fine 
double  Sowerii,  but  of  its  habit  of  growtli.     It  ought  to  be  in  every 


t-  a   H.   (v.)   canb'scbns  Sw:.     The   canescent-^ced   Helianlhemum,  or 
Sun  Bete. 

Ilkttltllraliim.    StrL  CUI.,  t.  SI. ;  Don'i  MUl..  1.  a.  111. 
EmfTatinni.    Svl.  Cht.,  1. 11.;  uid  our  jl^.H. 

^yfc.  Ckar.,  ^e.  Stem  suffruticose,  branched,  diffuse.  Branches  ascending, 
rather  tomentose,  canescent.  Leaves  flat,  or  hardly  revolute  at  the  margins ; 
under  sur&ce  tomentosely  hoary,  upper  surface  greenish  glaucous.  Lower 
leaves  ovate  oblon^,  obtuse ;  upper  ones  lanceolate,  acute.  Stipules  linear, 
ciliated,  somewhat  longer  than  the  footstalks.  Calyxes  smoothiah,  but  with 
the  nerves  pubescent.  Petals  imbricated.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  procumbent, 
sub-evergreen,  sulH-uticoae  undershrub.  Originated  in  gardens.  Height 
6  in.  to  I  foot.     Cultivated  in   1838.     Flowers  reddish  c  '  ■- 

August. 
A  splendid  plant,  with  reddish   crimson   flowers ; 

the  petals  imbricati^,  and  havinz  a  small  oranse  spot 

at  the  base  of  each.     Sweet  considers  it  as  havmg  the 

darkest-coloured,  if  not  the   handsomest,  flowers   of 

the  genus.    The  flowers  are  also,  he  says,  very  large 

for  the  size  of  the  plant.     It  is  nearly  reUited  to  ft. 

rhodSnthum,  but  is  readily  distinguished  from  it  by  its 

canescent  leaves,  and  stronger  habit  of  growth. 

V  9.  H.  (v.)  ATvssopii'o'i.iLiif  TVnore.   The  llyssop-Ieavcd  Helianthen 

l^HR  JiolC. 


Till,  cista'c&ie:  helia'nthemum.  61 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  suflhiticose,  ascending.    Branches  liairj'-U 

Lower  leaves  oval ;  upper  ones  oblong-lanceolate,  green  on  both  siirbces, 
flat,  hairy.  Calyxes  hsiry.  Petala  imbricete.  (han't  Mill.)  A  sub- 
ewrgreen  sufTruticose  undernhrub,  with  tlie  branches  ascending.  Origi- 
nated in  gardens.  Height  1ft.  to  l|  ft.  CultiTated  in  1SS7.  Flowers 
variable  from  saffron  to  red;  Hay  to  August.  Capsule  brown;  ripe  in 
September.  Varying  considerably  by  culture. 
Carirtirt, 

u  H.   h.   I  cnxutuiR  (Swt,  Gst.,   t.  92.)   has 

Sowers  saffron-coloured,  with  more  or  less 

of  a  ferru^neous  tint,  and  may  represent 

the  species. 

1-  if.   h.   2  euprnm   (Swt.  Cist.,   t.  58.J  has 

fkiwers  of  a  reddish  copper-colour. 
t.  H.  h.  3ni^f7ifej'(Swt.0Ut.,t.T2.;  andour 
_fig.  93.)  has  double  Dowers,  of  a  reddish 
copper^olour. 
Ml  the  three  forms  of  this  rarie^  are  splendid 
plants;  they  are  hardy,  of  luxuriant  growth,  flower- 
iDg  freely,  and  of  the  easiest  culture,  either  in  pots 
or  on  ImuiIu  of  light  sandy  soil,  covered  with  flints 
or  stones.     The  flowen  of  the  copper-coloured  va- 
rietv,  and  also  the  leaves,  are  larger  than  those  of  the  two  other  kinds.    The 

double-flowered  variety  i  .     .       -  

and  not  quite  so  robust  ai 


Don-iMJU,.)  . 
Strntiti.    Swl.  cut,  t.  SI .  I  ud  viujig.  M. 
Spec,  Char.,  ^e.     Erectisb.     Branches    pilosely    to- 

mentose,    scabrous,    canescent.      Leaves  sessile, 

tapering    to    the    base,    oblong-ovate,     acutish, 

Toughish,  3-nerved,  with  waved  revolute  margins ; 

upper  surface  green,  under  sur&ce  clothed  with 

grey  tomentum.     Peduncles  terminal,   1 — S-flow- 

ered,  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Calyx  S-sepaled, 

hairy.   Petals  distinct.  {DotCi  Mill.)   A  sub-ever- 
green erect  undersfarub.     Portugal.     Heights  ft. 

to  3  ft.   Introduced  in  1775.   Flowers  rich  yellow; 

June  to  August.     Capsule  brown ;   ripe  in  Sept. 

DiflcTB  from  most  other  species  of  Heli4n  them  urn, 
in  growing  erect.  It  forma  a  very  handsome  littlebush,  i„4__. 

but  it  requires  a  sheltered  situation,  and  a  dry  soil.  '*'' 

Many  atiixr  KimU  of  tielianihemumi  described  in  Sweet's  CitbiKa  are,  perhaps, 
ashardyas  those  we  haveselected;  butit  would  be  of  little  use  giving  them  here, 
the  greater  part  having  been  lost  during  the  winter  of  1837.%.  In  the  first 
edition  of  tnis  ArimTetutn  99  species  are  described,  besides  varieties,  Sup- 
ponng  a  cultivator  about  to  form  a  collection  of  Cistlcex,  we  should  attach 
much  less  importance  to  his  bdog  able  to  procure  all  the  sorts  of  Ciatus  and 
Heliinthemum  described  in  Sweet's  Citlineie,  than  to  bis  obtaining  all  the  sorts 
easily  procurable,  whatever  names  they  might  pass  under,  and  cross-fecunda- 
ting them  ED  as  to  produce  new  forms.  There  can  be  no  doubt  whatever  that 
the  sorts  of  both  me  genera  (fstus  and  Heliinthemum  might,  by  cross-fe- 
cundation, be  increased  ad  mfinittnn ;  and,  considering  their  very  great  beautjf 
a*  border  and  rot:kwork  shrubs,  we  think  they  merit  the  attention  of  culti- 
vators at  least  as  much  as  many  florist's  flowera. 


62 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM, 


Section  III. 

Ovarium  ioUtary ;  Placenta  central,  (The  Column  in  the  Frwt  to  which  the  Seeds 
are  attached  central^  and  not  adhering  to  the  SSde  as  in  Section  IL) 

Order  IX.     MALVA^CE^. 

Ord.  Char.  Calyx  with  a  valvate  aestivation,  mostly  with  an  involucre.  Sla- 
Tttcns  with  the  filaments  monadelphous,  and  the  anthers  1-celled.  PubeS' 
cence  starry.  (LindL) — Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  natives  of  warm  climates. 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  more  or  less  divided. 
Hairs  stellate,  axillary.  Flowers  on  peduncles,  large,  showy. — The  only 
genus  containing  hardy  species  is  Hibiscus.  The  genus  Lav&tera  contains 
some  species  which  have  an  arborescent  appearance,  but  which  are  in  fact 
only  sufBrutescent  biennials  or  triennials. 

Genus  I. 


l4J 

HIBrSCUS  L.    Thb  Hibiscus.     Lin,  Syst,  Monad^Iphia  Poly&ndria. 

JdentifieaUom.    Lin.  Gen.,  846. ;  D«c.  Prod.,  I.  p.  446. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  I.  p.  476. 

Sunongmes.    Ketmie,  Fr.i  Eibbch,  Ger, ;  Ibltco,  HaL 

Derivation.  The  word  Uoiskot  U  one  of  the  names  given  bv  the  Greelu  to  the  mallow.  The  Albfacus 
of  PUny  appearg  to  be  an  umbelUferous  plant ;  while  that  of  Vlreil  la  a  plant  with  pliant  branchesp 
which  waa  made  Into  baskets.  The  won!  ^RbiscuB  is  sappoaed  bf  some  to  be  derived  from  ibis,  a 
stork,  which  is  said  to  (bed  on  some  of  the  spedea.  Ketaile  (A'.)  Is  derived  from  Kt^tda,  the  name 
given  to  the  genus  by  Toomefort.    Eiblsdi  is  tiie  German  aboriginal  word  for  the  mallow. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  encompassed  by  a  many-leaved,  rarely  by  a  few-leaved,  in- 
volucel,  or  one  with  its  leaves  connate.  Petals  not  auricled.  Stigmas  5. 
Ctarpels  joined  into  a  d-celled  5-valved  capsule,  with  a  dissepiment  in  the 
middle  of  each  valve  on  the  inside.    Cells  many-seeded,  rarelv  1-seeded. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  variously  lobed  and 
toothed,  generally  ovate-wedge-shaped.  Flowers  pedmiculatey  large,  showy. 
—  The  only  hardy  ligneous  species  is  H,  syrtacus. 

A  1.  IT.  sYRi^AOUS  L,    The  Syrian  Hibiscus,  or  Althcea  FnUex. 

Identifieaiion.    Lin.  Sp.,  978. :  Dec,  Prod..  1 .  p.  448. ;  Don's  MIU.,  1. 478. 
Synonifmes,    Ketmie  des  Jardlns,  JV. :  Syriscber  Eibisch,  Ger. 
Derivation.    It  is  called  Althaea  from  toe  resembLance  of  its  flowers  to  thoae 

of  the  Jltha'a  r6sea. 
Engravingt.    Cav.  Diss.,  8.  t.  69.  f.  1. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  83. ;  and  our  Jig.  95. 

Spec,  Char,,  &c.  Stem  unarmed,  arboreous.  Leaves 
ovate,  wedge-shaped,  3-lobed,  toothed.  Pedicels  hardly 
longer  than  the  leaves.  Involucel  6 — ^7-leaved.  (DorCs 
Mul,)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Syria  and  Camiola.  Height 
6  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  large,  single  or 
double,  white,  red,  purple,  or  variegated ;  August  and 
September.  Capsule  greenish  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Decaying  leaves  yellowish  green.     Naked  wood  white 

One  of  our  most  ornamental  hardy  shrubs,  of  which 
there  are  the  following  varieties  :  — 

A  H«  1.  2  filUs  variegdOs, — Leaves  variegated. 

a  H.  i,  Zflore  vartcgato, — Flowers  variegated. 

*  H.  s,  Ai  flore  pwrpwreo, — Flowers  purple. 

A  H.  «.  5  Jlore  purpureo  plena. — ^Flowers  double,  purple. 

a  H.  «.  6fldre  rubro, — Flowers  red. 

A  H.  «.  7  Jlore  dlbo. — Flowers  white. 

A  H,  *.  SJidre  dlboplhu}, — Flowers  double,  white. 


95.   HlMtciu  tjt\maa. 


IX.    MALVA^CEM.      X.    TlLIAVEiE.  63 

Branches  numerous,  upright,  vhite-barked ;  their  general  character  being 
rather  fiistigiate  than  spreading.  Leaves  variously  lol)ed  ;  flowers  axillary, 
large,  and  bell-shaped.  Conspicuously  ornamental ;  and  the  more  valuable, 
beoiuse  it  produces  its  flowers  at  a  time  of  the  year  when  few  shrubs  are 
in  bloom.  It  forms  beautiiiil  garden  hedges ;  more  especially  in  hen  the 
difl^erent  sorts  are  planted  in  a  harmonious  order  of  succession,  according  to 
their  colours  ;  and  when  the  plants  are  not  clipped,  but  carefully  pruned  with 
the  knife.  In  the  colder  parts  of  Britain,  and  m  the  north  of  Germany,  few 
ornamental  shrubs  better  deserve  bein^  planted  against  a  wall.  It  will  grow 
in  almost  any  soil  not  too  wet ;  but,  like  all  the  Jlialvaces,  seems  to  prefer 
one  which  is  sandy,  deep,  and  rich,  rather  than  poor.  An  open  airy  situation^ 
where  it  will  ripen  its  wood,  is  essential.  The  single-flowered  varieties  are 
propagated  by  seed,  which  come  up  true  to  their  respective  colours ;  and  the 
double-flowered  varieties  are  propagated  by  layers,  by  grafting  on  the  common 
sorts,  and  sometimes  by  cuttings  of  the  ripened  wood,  planted  in  sand  in 
autumn,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass  during  the  winter. 


Order  X.     TILIA'CEM. 


Obd.  Char.  Sepals  4  or  5,  with  a  valvate  aestivation,  mostly  without  an  invo- 
lucre. Petals  4  or  5,  or  rarely  not  any.  Stamens  hypogj'nous,  generally 
numerous,  with  filaments  separate,  and  anthers  2*celled.  Mostly  glands 
between  the  petab  and  ovarium.  Ovary  and  frwt  single,  of  4—10  carpels 
grown  together ;  cells  in  the  fruit,  at  least  m  some,  not  so  many  as  the 
carpels.  {Lmdley,)  —  Trees  and  shrubs  chiefly  from  warm  climates. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate, stipulate,  deciduous;  cordate^  Flowers  panicled, 
yellowish,  flragrant,  with  an  oblong  bractea  united  to  the  common  stalk. 
Capsule  downy. — The  only  genus  which  is  perfectly  hardy  is  T^lia  ;  native 
of  Europe  and  North  America. 

Genus  L 


71^1  A  If.    Thb  Limb  Tree.    Lm,  &fst,  PolyAndria  Monog/nia. 

JdaUificatHm.    Lin.  Gen.,  6G0. ;  Dec.  Prod^  1-  p.  512. :  Don*t  Mill.,  1.  p.  552. 

Synontmes,  Line  Tree,  Gerard ;  Lind,  Anglo-Sax. ;  Tilleol,  Fr. ;  Bait-holts,  Ger. ;  Linde.  Ger. 
and  Dtttek ;  TIglia,  ItaL ;  Tilo,  Spam.  \  Lipa,  Buu. 

DerfpoUon.  In  London  and  Wise**  Retired  Gardener  the  name  of  mia  is  derived  from  the  Greele 
word  pitlon^  a  feather,  fh>m  the  feathery  appearance  of  the  bracteas ;  hut  others  derire  it  from  the 
Greek  word  MW,  light  bodies  floating  In  the  air  like  wool  or  feathers.  Ttlleul  is  from  tailler^  either 
because  the  tree  bears  pruning  well,  or  the  wood  may  be  easily  carved.  Bast-holts  is  literally 
hark  wood,  in  allusion  to  the  use  of  the  bark,  in  forming  mats. 

den.  Char,  Calvx  5-parted.  Petals  5.  Stamens  numerous,  flree,  or  some- 
what polyadelphous.  Ovary  globose,  villous,  1-styted,  5-celled  ;  cells  2- 
ovuled.  Nut  coriaceous,  1 -celled,  I — 2-seeded,  from  abortion.  {DorCs 
Mill,,  L  p.  540.) —  Timber  trees,  with  a  tough  fibrous  bark,  large  deciduous 
leaves,  mellifluous  flowers,  and  a  remarkable  bractea  attached  to  the  pe- 
duncle of  each  of  the  cymes  of  flowers.  Natives  of  Europe  and  North 
America. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  cordate.  —  The  species  are 
three,  according  to  some  ;  and  more  than  twice  that  number,  according  to 
others.  Our  opinion  is,  that  they  may  be  all  included  under  two,  T.  europseHi 
and  T,  americana. 

f  1.  T.  EUROP£^A  Z.    The  European,  or  common.  Lime  Tree. 

Identificaiion.    Lfn.  Sp.  733. j  Don's  Mill.,  1 .  p.  A62. ;  Smith's  Eng.  Fl.,  3.  p.  16. 

S^not^meg.     T.  Intermedia  Dec.  Prod.  1. 513. ;  or  T.  vulgaris  Hayne  Dend. ;  T.  eturopai^  horeilis 


AltBOItETUM    ET    FIIUTICETUM    BltlTANNICL-M. 


^ec.  CAor^  ^c.  Petals  without  Ecales.  Leaves  cordate,  acuminated,  ser- 
rated, smooth,  except  a  tuft  of  hair  at  the  origin  of  the  vdna  beneath,  twice 
the  length  of  the  petioles.  Cymes  tnonj-flovered.  Fruit  coriaceous, 
downf.  {Don't  Mill.')  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Europe,  and  Britain  in 
some  sborinoal  woods.  Height  60  ft.  to  90  ft.  Flowers  yellowish  vhite ; 
August  ana  September.  Fruit  yellow;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 
yelbw,  or  ydfowish  tu'own.     Naked   voung  wood  reddish,  or  yellowish 

Varietiei.  The  extensive  distribution  and  long  cultivation  of  this  tree  in 
Europe  have  given  rise  to  the  following  varieties,  or  races,  described  by 
most  botanists  as  species: — 

A.   VarieUei  differirtg  m  retpect  to  Foliage. 
1  T.  e.  1  parmfoHa.    T.  microph^B  Veat.,  WUId.,  Dec,  and  G.  Don  ;  T. 
e.  nr.yL.;  T,  ulroifSlia  Scop.  ;  T.  sylv&tris  Dctf. ;  T.  parvifolia 
Ekrk,  Hayne  Bend. ;   T.  cordate  Mm. ;  Tilleul  &   petites  Peuilles, 
*V.  J   kleinblaltrige  Linde,  or  Winterlinde,  Ger.     (Willd.   HoUert, 
t.  106.  1   Engl.  &t.,  t.  1705.;  and  our  jfc.  97.) 
—  Leaves  cordate,  roundish,  acuntioated,  eharply 
serrated  ;   smooth  above,  glaucous  and   bearded 
beneath  on  the  axils   of  the  veins,   as  well   as 
In  hiury  blotches.     Fruit  rather  globose,  hardly 
ribbed,  very  thin  and  brittle.     Native  of  Europe,  C, 
in  EulHnountunous  woods  ;  in  England,  frequent  T 
in  Essex  and  Sussex.   This  variety  is  distinguish-  p 
able,  at  fii-st  slaht,  frooi  all  the  others,  by  the 
■mallncsB  of  its  leaves,  which  are  only  about  2  in. 
broad,  and  sometimes  ecarcely  lunger  tlian  their 
slender  footstalks.     The  flowers  are  also  much      ' 
smaller  than  in  any  of  the  other  varieties  ;  they  expand  later;  and 
they  are  very  fragrant,  having  a  scent  like  those  of  the  honeysuckle 
There  was,  in  1834,  a  subvariety  of  this  in  the  garden  of  the  Hort 
Soc.,  under  the  name  of  T.  parvifdlia  glafica. 
t1.e.%  grandlfoBa.     T.  platyphjlU  Scop.;    T.  cordifilla  Beu.  j  T 
europt^a  Dei£ ;     T.  cruidifolia   Ehrh.   and   Smith ;    broad-leaved 
downy  Lime  Tree ;  Tilleul  a  grandes  Feuilles,  or  Tilleul   do  Hoi- 


X.    riLIACEX:     n'LIA. 


bnde,  Fr.  ( Venl.  Dins.,  p.  6.  C.  1.  f.  S. ;  the  plate  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 
edit.,  vol.  V. ;  and  our  Jig.  96.)  —  Leaves  cordate,  roundish, 
acuminated,  Bharply  Mrrated,  down;  benea.th  ;  ori^n  of  their  veins 
woolly.  BranchM  hairy.  Cymes  3-flowered.  Fruit  woody,  downy, 
turbinate,  with  5  prominent  angles.  This  tree  is  readily  distinguished 
from  T.  e.  pervil^lia  by  its  much  larger  and  rougher  leaves,  and,  also, 
by  its  rougher  bark  and  hispid  branches. 
T.  e.  3  inlennedia.  T.  interm^a  Hayne  ;  T.  platyphyila  minor 
Hurt.  (The  plate  of  this  variety  in  Arb,  Brit,  1st  ecfit.,  vol.  v.  \ 
and  our  Jig.  99.) :—  Leaves  intennettiate  between  T.  e,  grandif&lia 


<^S^ 


and  T.  e.  parvifdliB.     This  variety  is  the  r 

T,  e.  grandifolia  in  the  South  of  Europe  ;  ana  i.  e.  parvitOEia  in  the 
North  of  Europe,  and  especially  in  Sweden, 
1  T.  r.  4  lamtidla.  T.  platyphyiia  laciniata  Hort. ;  T.  asplerifolia  ■ 
D6va  Hort.  (The  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edition,  vol.  v. ;  and  our 
Jig,  100.)  —  Leaves  deeply  and  irregularly  cut  and  twisted,  scarcely 
two  on  the  tree  being  aTike.  Apparently  a  subvariety  of  2*.  e.  par- 
Tifaiia.     Height  SO  or  30  feet. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FfiUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 


B.    VaricHet  liifermg  in  Ihe  Colour  of  the  young  ShooU. 
Each  of  the  varielies  included  in  Division  A  may  have  subvarieties  illH- 
Terinft  in  the  colour  of  the  young  irood;  but  via  shaJ)  only  notice  those 
in  general  cultivation. 

f  T.  #.  3  ribra.  T.  corinthloca  Bote;  T.  coliihna  Hort.  Kew.;  T. 
europie^  P  rubra  SibOorp  ;  T.  europz'a  y  SmUh't  Flor.  Bril.  671. ; 
T.  grandifaiia^  Smilh'i  En^.  Flora,  3.  19. —Young  shoots  of  a 
bright  red  j  apparently  a  variety  of  T.  e.  intermedia. 
^  T.e.  6  parm/dHa  aurea.  (The  plate  in  Arb.  firit,  Ist.  edit.  vol.  v.  ; 
and  our  j^.  101.)—  Young  shoots  of  a  rich  yellow.  Height  15ft. 
to  SO  ft. 


P 


S  T.  c.  7  graadifoSa  airea.  —  Twigs  of  a  line  yellow.     Leaves  laiie. 

Tree  60  fl.  to  80  ft. 
Other  Variclict.     There  ia  a  variety  with  variegated  leaves,  but  it  is  such  a 


X.  riLiA^cEiE:  n'LiA.  (57 

rugged  ill-looking  plant  that  we  deem  it  altogether  unworthy  of  culture. 
Host,  in  his  Flora  Auslriaca,  has  the  following  names,  which  he  considers  as 
species  :  T,  ritif61ia  ;  coryliifolia  ;  grandifolia  Sm. ;  corallina,  syn.  europae^a 
Hook,  Ijond. ;  mut^bilis  ;  I^te  bracte^ta  ;  praeVox  ;  pyramidalis  ;  inter- 
media ;  tenuifolia ;  obliqua ;  europae^a  Sm, ;  parvifolia  Sm  ;  argcutea,  syn. 
iilba  Waldst,  et  Kit.  Icon.  t.  3.  (  Fl.  Aus.,  vol.  li.  p.  59—63.) 

The  wood  of  the  lime  tree  is  of  a  pale  yellow  or  white,  close-grained,  soft, 
light,  and  smooth,  and  not  attacked  by  insects.  It  weighs,  per  cubic  foot, 
when-  green,  55  lb. ;  half-dry,  45  lb. ;  and  dry,  37  lb. ;  and  it  loses  a  third 
part  of  its  weight,  and  a  fourth  part  of  its  bulk,  by  drying.  (BaudriU.^  It  is 
used  by  pianoforte-makers  for  sounding-boards,  and  by  cabinet-makers  for  a 
variety  of  purposes.  It  is  carved  into  toys,  and  turned  into  domestic  utensils 
of  various  Kinds,  and  into  small  boxes  for  the  apothecaries.  The  most  elegant 
use  to  which  it  is  applied  is  for  ornamental  carving,  for  which  it  is  superior  to 
every  other  wood.  This  wood  is  said  to  make  excellent  charcoal  for  gun- 
powder ;  even  better  than  alder,  and  nearly  as  good  as  hazel.  Baskets  and 
cradles  were  formerly  made  from  the  twigs ;  and  shoemakers  and  glovers  are 
said  to  prefer  planks  of  lime  tree  for  cutting  the  finer  kinds  of  leather  upon. 
The  leaves  of  the  lime  tree,  in  common  with  those  of  the  elm  and  the  poplar, 
were  used,  both  in  a  dried  and  in  a  green  stiite,  for  feeding  cattle,  by  the  Ro- 
mans ;  and  they  are  still  collected  tor  the  same  purpose  in  Sweden,  Norway, 
Camiola,  and  Switzerland.  One  of  the  most  important  uses  of  the  lime  tree, 
in  the  North  of  Europe,  is  that  of  supplying  material  for  ropes  and  bast 
mats  ;  the  latter  of  which  enter  extensively  into  European  commerce.  The 
Russian  peasants  weave  the  bark  of  the  youne  shoots  for  the  upper  parts  of 
their  shoes,  the  outer  bark  serves  for  the  soles  ;  and  they  also  make  of  it, 
tied  together  with  strips  of  the  inner  bark,  b&skets  and  boxes  for  domestic 
purposes.  The  outer  bark  of  old  trees  supplies  them,  like  that  of  the  birch, 
with  tiles  for  covering  their  cottages.  Ropes  are  still  made  from  the  bark  of 
the  tree  in  Cornwall,  and  in  some  parts  of  Devonshire.  The  fishermen  of 
Sweden  make  nets  for  catching  fish  of  the  fibres  of  the  inner  bark,  separated, 
by  maceration,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  flax  ;  and  the  shepherds  of  Carniola 
weave  a  coarse  cloth  of  it,  which  serves  them  for  their  ordinary  clothing.  The 
sap  of  the  lime  tree,  drawn  off  in  spring,  and  evaporated,  affords  a  considerable 
quantity  of  sugar.  The  honey  produced  by  the  flowers  is  consider^  superior 
to  all  other  kinds  for  its  delicacy.  London  and  Wise  recommended  the  lime 
tree,  as  preferable  to  the  elm,  for  sheltering  gardens  or  orchards  ;  because  the 
roots  do  not,  like  those  of  the  elm,  spread  out  and  impoverish  all  around  them. 
A  deep  and  rather  light  soil  is  recommended ;  but  the  largest  trees  are  ge- 
nerally found  in  a  good  loamy  soil.  In  dry  situations,  the  lime  never  attains 
a  large  size,  and  it  loses  its  leaves  earlier  than  any  other  tree.  Being  a  tree 
of  the  plains,  rather  than  of  the  mountains,  it  docs  not  appear  suitable  for  ex- 
posed surfiices :  but  it  requires  a  pure  air  rather  than  otherwise  ;  for,  though, 
It  is  found  in  towns  on  the  Continent,  and  sparingly  so  in  Britain,  the  smoke 
of  mineral  coal  seems  more  injurious  to  it  than  it  is  to  the  platanus,  the  elm 
or  some  other  trees.  It  is  seldom  propagated  otherwise  than  by  layers,  which 
are  made  in  the  nurseries  in  autumn  and  winter  ;  and  which  become  rooted, 
so  as  to  admit  of  being  taken  off,  in  a  year.  The  tree  in  Britain  appears  sel- 
dom to  ripen  its  seeds. 

1  2.  T,  (bur.)  a^lba  Waldit.  4"  Kit.     The  yuKitoUeaved  European  Lime  Tree. 

IdnU^eatum.    Waldst.  and  Kit.  Fl.  Hang. ;  Don'g  Mill.  1.  p.  ftfiS. 

Sffncmuma.    T.  americAoa  Du  Roi  \   7.  arKentea  Detf.y  Dee.  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.t  and  Dec,  Prod.  1. 

p.  513.;  T.  rotundifblia  Veni.  and  N.  Du  Ham. ;  T.  tomentbaa  Mccnch. 
Engra»ingt.  Waldit.  and  Kit.  PI.  Hung.,  1. 1  3. ;  Watt.  Dend.,  L  71.;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 

ecut,  v(H.  ▼.  \  and  our  Jig.  102. 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  Petals  each  with  a  scale  at  the  base  inside.  Leaves  cordate, 
somewhat  acuminated,  and  rather  unequal  at  the  base,  serrated,  clothed  with 
white  down  beneath,  but  smooth  above,  4  times  longer  than  the  petioles. 
Fruit  ovate,  with  5  obscure  ribs.   (BorCt  MiU.)    Fruit  evidently  ribbed. 

F  2 


ARBORETUM    F.T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


(SicBcn.)  Hoat  aayt  that  he  has  dwava  found  the  calyx  6-sqnled,  anj  the 
corolla  13-petaled.  A  large  tree.  Hungary.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  El.  In- 
troduced in  17G7.  Flowern  yellowish  white,  very  fragrant ;  June  to  August. 
Fruit  yellow  (  ripe  in  October. 

Our  own  opinion  is,  that  ihis  is  nothing  more  than  a  very  distinct  race  of 
the  comiDon  lune  ;  notwithstanding  the  circumstance  of  its  having  scales  to  its 

etals,  which  no  one  of  the  other  varieties  of  T.  europEc's  is  said  to  possess. 
ren  allowing  this  stnicturc  to  be  permanent  in  the  Hungtirian  lime,  the  tree 
hears  such  a  general  resemblance  to  2".  europffi'a  in  all  its  main  features,  that 
it  sccnis  to  us  impossible  to  doubt  the  identity  of  their  origin.  We  are 
strengthened  in  this  opinion  by  the  circumstance  of  its  being  found  only  in 
isolated  stations  in  the  Hungarian  forests.  We  have,  however,  placed  this 
lime  by  itself,  rather  than  among  ihe  other  varieties ;  because,  from  the  white- 
ness of  its  foliage,  it  is  far  more  obviously  distinct  than  T.  c,  grandif^lia  or 
T.  e.  parvit&h'a.  The  tree  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  all  the  other  species 
and  varieties  by  this  white  app^rance,  even  at  a  considerable  distance,  and 
by  the  strikingly  snowy  hue  oi  its  leaves  when  they  are  ruffled  by  the  wind. 
Its  wood  and  shoots  resemble  those  of  the  common  lime ;  but  it  does  not 
attain  the  same  height  as  that  tree. 

1  3-   T.  auerica'na  £.     The  American  Lime  Tree. 

MnUt/laUiim.     Lin.  Ep..n3.i  HoTt-Kn.;  Wllld.  SpH.;  TDr.udGru. 

^mifma.  T.  gUitira  fml. ;  T.  CETollnUiu  Wai^niii.  ;  T.  onadjnili  WfOm- 1  T.Jlibn  Drr.. 
Haftu'i  Dtndr.,  und  I>m'j  MM.t  theimoDlh-leaiBil,  or  black,  Lime  TrH.  and  Bau  Wood, .(wr. 

£rw7v>Awi.  Vent.  DUi..!.!;  WiU.  Dendr.  Bril.,I.  1S4.  i  thipUUIn  Arb.  Biil..  Ill  «]lt.,  tdI.  t.  i 
and  our  Jig.  1(E. 

i^iec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Petals  each  wiih  a  scale  at  the  base,  inside.  Leaves  pro- 
foundly cordate,  abruptly  acuminate,  sharply  serrated,  somewhat  coriaceous, 
smooth.  Petals  truncate  and  crenatc  nt  the  apex,  equal  in  length  to  the 
style.  Fruit  ovate,  somewhat  ribbed.  (Don't  Miil.)  A  large  tree.  Canadn, 
Virginia,  and  Georgia.  Height  TO  h.  to  80  ft.  in  America ;  in  England  60  ft. 
to  70ft.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers  yellowish  white  ;  July  and  August. 
Fruit  the  she  of  a  large  pea,  yellow ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 
yeUowish  brown.     Nb)i»1  young  wood  dark  brown. 


VarieHa.  ThoKe  which  we  shall  give  as  such  ftte  describeil  in  the  Flora  of 
Torreyand  Qray  as  species;  but  wJlh  the  following  rtmarli,  vhich  we  think 
fully  justifies  ub  in  noL  considering  them  more  specifically  distinct  than  tlie 
different  alleged  species  of  the  EurO[iean  lime.  "  There  is  great  uncenaiiity 
lespectine  the  synonymcs.  Indeed,  nearly  al!  the  characters  which  have 
been  employed  for  distinguishing  them  are  either  inconstant,  or  are  common 
lo  them  all.  A  careful  examination  of  the  flowers  in  the  living  plants  may 
atfi>rd  more  certain  marks  of  discrimination." 

T  T.  o.  a  heUroph^lUt.  T.  heteroph^lla  Vent.,  Punk,  Dec.  Prod,  TW, 
i  Gray— A  tree  of  30  it.  to  50  ft.  high,  found  on  thu  banks  of  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi,  and  introduced  in  IBI  I.  Leaves  glabrous  and 
deep  green  above,  very  while  aiid  velvety  lomentose  beneath  ;  the 
veins  dark-colourol.  and  nearly  glubrous,  with  coarse  mucronste  vcr- 
rature!.  Petals  obtuse,  crenulatc.  btaminodia  spaCulnte,  entire. 
8<yle  hairf  at  the  base.  (2br.  and  Gmg,  i.  p.  240.)  Leaver  4  in. 
to  8  in.  in  diameter,  very  oblique,  and  more  or  less  cordate,  with  a 
Bhort  abrupt  acumination ;  somewhat  shining  above  :  the  veins  on 
the  under  suriace  very  conspicuous,  in  contrast  with  the  white  pu- 
bescence. Cyoie  few-flowered,  loose.  Stjlc  longer  than  the  petals. 
{IM.) 
t  T.  a.  3  alba.  T.  aWia  MicAx.,  Tor.^Grai/t  T.  loxiflora  PuriA.  (The 
plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.Brit.,  lat  cd.,  vol.  v.;  and  our^.  103.^ — A 


large  tree  in  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  Height  30  1^.  to  50  ft. 
Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers  yellowish  white,  very  pale  ;  June. 
Leaves  3  in.  to  4  in.  in  diameter,  with  a  short  abrupt  acumination, 
cordate,  somewhat  unequal  at  the  base ;  the  under  surface  rather 
thinly  pubescent,  very  pale,  but  scarcely  while.  Staminodia  (scales) 
two  thirds  the  length  of  the  petals.  Filaments  slightly  pentadel- 
phous.  {Tor.  ami  Gray,  i.  p.  840.)  We  have  only  seen  this  tree  in 
the  H.  S.,  where,  10  years  planted,  it  was  about  10  ft.  high  in  1837. 
T.  a.  i  puiiievTU.  T.  ^^uhiBcens  AU..  Vcnl.,  Tor.  ^  Gray.  (The  plate 
of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Bnt,  Istcd.,  vol.  v.j  and  our /^.  104.)  —  A  larfie 
tree  Ibund  in  Carolina  and  Florida,  along  the  sea  coast.  Height 
50  ft.  to  70  il.  Introduced  in  1726.  Flowers  pale  yellow  ;  June. 
Leaves  3  in.  to  4  in.  in  diameter  ;  the  under  surface,  when  young, 
rother  paler  than  the  upper,  but  at  length  nearly  the  same  colour; 
serratures  broad  and  short.  (Tiv,  and  Gray,  i.  p.  240.) 


AltBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


/ 


On  a  general  view  of  the  trees,  the  most  obvious  external  JUfercnlial  che- 
TBcterUtics  or  the  European  and  American  limes  adpear  to  ua  to  be,  that 
the  fonocr  have  r^utarly  cordate,  and  the  latter  obliquely  cordate,  leaves. 
The  other  American  limes  we  consider  to  be  nothing  more  than  varieties  of 
this  species.  Layera.  These  trees  only  thrive  in  warm  sheltered  situations. 
The  American  lime  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  European  limes  by  the 
largeness  of  its  leaves,  which  are  3  in,  to  4  in.  wide,  heart-shaped,  acutely 


pointed,  coarsely  and  mucronately  serrated,  deep  green  and  glabrous  on  their 
upper  sides,  and  pale  green  beneath.  Some  of  them  hnve  a  tendency  to  be 
slightly  pubescent ;  hut  they  are  generally  smooth  and  shining.  In  winter, 
this  species  is  readily  recognised  by  the  robust  appearance  of  the  trunk  and 
branches,  and  by  the  dark-Srown  colour  of  the  bark  on  the  young  shoots. 
This  circumstance  alone  is  a  very  marked  distinction ;  and  has,  no  doubt,  pro- 
cured for  the  species  the  name  of  the  black  lime  tree. 


XI.    TERJ^JSTKOMIA^CEJE  :    MALACHODE^NDllON.  71 

Other  American  Lmtet,  —  T.  p,  leptoph^Ua  Vent,  is  mentioned  by  Torrey  and 
Gray  as  having  the  leaves  very  thin  and  papyraceous.  There  were  in  1834 
other  varieties  in  the  H.  S.  G.,  but  the  plants  had  not  attained  sufficient  size  to 
enable  us  to  state  any  thing  with  certainty  respecting  them.  All  the  species 
and  varieties  of  American  limes  are  delicate  in  this  country  ;  they  are  readily 
injured  by  spring  frosts,  but,  where  they  thrive,  are  readily  distinguished  from 
other  limes  by  their  very  large  cordate  leaves,  and  rough  bark,  even  on  the 
^oung  wood.  Some  of  the  oldest  and  largest  American  limes  in  England  are 
m  Gatton  Park,  Surrey,  near  the  lake ;  and  at  Croome,  near  Upton  upon 
Severn.  There  is  an  old  tree,  also,  at  Purser's  Cross,  Fulham ;  and  a  re- 
markably handsome  young  tree  at  White  Knights. 


Order  XL     TERNSTR6M//f  CjE^. 

Ord.  Char.  Calyx  with  an  imbricate  activation.  Stament  with  filaments 
monadelphous  or  polyadelphous,  and  anthers  2-celled  to  4-celled.  —  Trees 
and  shrubs  of  warm  climates. 

Leavci  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen;  mostly 
coriaceous,  now  and  then  with  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  axillary,  large, 
showy.  —  The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  Malachodendron,  Stu- 
krtia,  and  Gorddnia ;  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Malagbode'ndron  Cav,    Calyx  unibracteate.    Styles  free.    Carpels  capsular, 

5,  connected. 
Stua'bt/^  Cav.    Sepals  connected,  bibracteatc.     Style  1.    Capsule  5-cclled, 

5-valved.     Seeds  wingless. 
QoKDO^vu  Ellis.     Sepak  distinct.     Style  1.     Capsule  5-celled,  5-valvcd. 

Seeds  winged. 

Genus  I. 

( 


LfJA 


MALACHODE^NDRON  Cav.     The  Malachodrndron.    Lm.  Sysl. 

Monad^lphia  Poly&ndria. 

Jdent&leation.    Cav.  DiM.,  5.  p.  609. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  538. }  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  672. 

I^noi^ma.    StuArt/a  I.*H&1t. :  Stewfcrtia  L.  .  „       ,  . 

DerivaHoH.    From  maiakot^  soft,  and  dendrtm,  m  tree ;  in  allusion,  perhaps,  to  the  quality  of  the 

timber ;  or.  possibly,  from  the  flowers  resembling  those  of  the  mallow,  the  Greek  name  for  which 

iMfHotaekl, 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft,  furnished  with  two  bracteas  at  the  base.  Petals 
5,  with  a  crenulate  limb.  Ovarv  5-furrowed.  Styles  5,  unconnected.  Stigmas 
capitate.  Carpels  5,  capsular,  connected,  1-seeded.  Seeds  unknown. 
(Don^s  Mill.)  —  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree ;  native  of  North  America. 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  axillary,  so- 
litary, large,  snowy. 

IK  A  I.  Malachode^ndron  ovA^TUM  CWv.  The  ovate-Zeflf f (/ Malachodcudron. 

Identifieathn.    Cav.,  1.  c  ;  IJndl.  Bot  Reg. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  S72. 

^noi^mes.    Stu&rt/a  pentag^ia  VHMt.  \  Stewfirt/a  Malachodtedron  MiU, ;   Stewartla  K  dnq 

Styles,  1>. 
Emgravmgt.    Smith's  Ezot.  Bot,  1. 101.;  N.  Du  Ham.  vol.  tL  t   44.;  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1104. ;  and  our 
^.  106.  of  a  plant  in  flower,  tudjlg.  107.  of  a  shoot  fkom  a  stool. 

Spec,  Char.,  8fc,  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  almost 
sessile.  Petals  waved,  cut,  of  a  pale  cream-colour.  (Don's  AfiU.)  A  de- 
ciduous tree ;  in  England,  a  large  stirub.  North  Carolina  to  Georeia.  Height 

F  4 


/2  ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUM    BRITAMKICUH. 

7  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in  1795.  Flowera 
arge,  white  ;  July  and  AiigusL  Capsules 
brownish;  ripe  in  September.  Decajii^ 
leaves  purpliah  brown.  Naked  young 
wood  dark  brown. 

The  soil  in  which  it  is  generally  grown  j 
is  a  mixture  of  loam  and  peat,  in  which  i 
the  latter  prevails  ;  but,  in  the  Mile  End 
Nursery,  it  shoots  vigorously,  and  flowers 
freely,  in  deep  saod;  loam.    The  situation 
should  be  sheltered ;  and  Bhaded  rather 
than  otherwise.     The  usud  node  of  pro- 
i«.  M.cniium.       pagation  ii  by  layers;  and  the  stools  are     "n- m 
sometimes  protected,  during  winter,  by  mats. 

Genus  II. 


03 


STUA'RT/'4  Cav.     The  Stuartia.     Lin.  Sytt.  Monadelphia  Pcnt^ndria. 

Idrnliflailion.    €••.  Dtll.  B.  p,S93,  i  Dm.  Prod.,  l.p,»Mj  Doo-i  MFIL,  1.  p.  57i. 

(ten.  Char.  Calyx  permanent,  5-cleft,  rarely  S-parted,  liirnished  with  two  bt'ae- 
teaa  at  the  base.  Petalt  5.  Ovaru  roundish.  Style  I,  filiform,  crowned 
by  B  capitate  5-!obed  stigma.  Capml;  woody,  5-ccllecl,  5-vtdved;  cells  I — 2- 
seeded.     Seedt  wingless,  ovate,  even.    (Don'i  MUi.) 

Lcatiei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  ovate,  acute.      Ftoweri 
axillary,  solitary,  large.  —  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  low  tree,  native  of  North 

ii'mcA  Cav,     The  Virginian  Stuartia. 

_,.._, ^:;  Ssf^l  StuAiUa  lUriltiHUca  £m.  At.  1  Stmnla 

kun  Scrli,  Fr.\  dngriaichii  (one-ltTled)  91uut<>,Ofl-. 
Ewrnnivi.     I'll".  1lt,t.  NI3.;  Jloc.l!(p,  t.sHT.  j  ud  aiu  JV-  IM-  «t  i  pint  In  >oir«.  ud  J!f, 


S}>ec.  Cliar.,  f(c.  Flowers  large,  wbite,  with  purple  filaments  and  blue  anthers, 
usually  in  pairs.  Leaves  ovate,  acute.  Petals  entire.  (ZJonV  MilL)  A 
deciduous  shrub.    Virginia  to  Carolinnl  in  swamps,    Heiglit  G  ft.  to  9  ft. 


XI.   TBRNSTHOBtM'tX^:    OOBDo'nW.  73 

Introduced  in  1748.     Flowera  large,  while ;  July  to  September.     Cnpiules 

brownish ;  ripe  in  October.    Decaying  leaves  reddish  brown.    Nuked  joung 

wood  dark  brown. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  plant  U  tlie  same  as  that  of  the  preceding 
genuB;  but  it  forms  n  smaller  bush,  and  the  foliage  lias  a  redder  hue.  The 
floweni  are  of  the  eanie  size,  white,  with  criaped  petals,  purple  filaments,  and 
blue  anthers.  Thin  plant  is  not  so  extensively  cultivated  as  the  other,  from 
its  being  more  tender,  and  of  somewhat  slower  growth ;  but  its  beauty,  and 
the  circumstance  of  its  fioweting  from  July  to  September,  when  but  few  trees 
or  shrubs  are  in  blossom,  render  it  desirable  for  every  collection,  ft  thrives 
beat  in  a  peat  soil,  kept  moist ;  but  it  will  also  grow  b  deep  moist  sand. 
Layers. 

Genus  III. 


EH 


IB 


UORDaN/J  Ellis.     Thb  Gorimnia.     Lin.    Sytt.    Monadelphia 
Polj'&ndria. 

i  pwPiwL  l'[;"»-l  Don'iMill,  l.p.n3. 

Gen.  Char.  CW^of  5  rounded  coriaceous  sepsis.  Fetalt  5,  somewhat  adnntc 
to  the  urceolus  of  the  stamens.  Stgle  crowned  by  a  peltate  5-lobcd  stigma. 
Obtain  5.celled,  5-valved ;  cells  8 — 4-aeeded.  SreAi  ending  in  a  teafy 
wing  Exed  to  the  central  column,  filiform,  (Doiii  Miil.) 


•  ■   I.   Gobdo'nij  Lasia'nthus    L.      The  wooUy-flowered  Oordonia,   t 

Loblo/li/  Bag. 
Mtiuillcalkm.    Lhi.  >lut.,nD.;  Dm.  Prdd..l.p.S*8.|  Don'iMaL.l.  p.  BTl-i  Tor.  ud  Gn 


^FMKFnva.    Hfpiwiciaa  LuLSnthul  Ltn.  Sp-  IL01..  TjiA 
GaTdfnla  k  PgulLln  )rJ>tiiv.  mod  Alcfrv  d#  Ia  Florida.  F 


^>ec.  Char.,  cj-c.     Pedicels  axillary,  usually  shorter  than  Ibe  leaves.     Leaves 
oblong,  coriaceous,  smooth,  serrated.     Calyx  silky.     Calisulca  conoid,  acu- 
minated.   {^DoiCt  Mill.)     A   sub-cvergrecn   tree)   in 
England  a  shrub,  deciduous  in  dry  soils,  but  retain-  ^ 
ing  its  leaves  in  warm  moist  situations.     Virginia  to 
Florida,  in  swamps.     Height  50  fl.  to  80  ft.  in  Ame- 
rica i  8  fl.  to  10  ft  in  England.     Introduced  in  17S9. 
Flowers  white,  4  in.  across,  scented;  July  and  August. 
Caimulc  oval,  brownish  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Trunk  straigbL     This  most  beautifully  flowering  plant 

well  deserves  to  have  a  suitable  soil  prepared  for  it, 

and  to  be  treated  with  more  care  after  it  is  planted  than 

it  appears  to  have  hitherto  received  in  England.     The 

soil  ought  to  be  peat,  or  leaf-mould  and  sand  ;  and  it    '-     

should  be  so  <nrcumstanced  as  always  to  be  kept  moist.     Layers  or  American 

•  2.  G.  pubb'sceks  Viler.     The  pubescent  Gordonia. 


74  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Char,y  Spc,  Flowers  almost  sessile.  Leaves  obovate- 
lanceolate,  pubescent  beneath,  somewhat  serrated, 
membranaceous.  Petals  and  sepals  rather  silky  on  the 
outside.  {Don's  Mill,)  A  deciduous  tree  in  America, 
in  Britun  a  shrub.  Georgia  and  Florida.  Height  in 
America  30  ft.  to  50  fl. ;  in  England  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1 774.  Flowers  large,  white,  fragrant,  3  in. 
across,  with  yellow  filaments ;  lAay  to  August.  Capsule 
globose,  brownish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Somewhat   hardier  than  the  preceding  species,  but 
requiring  the  same  general  treatment. 


111.    Gordtoiu  pubcsicns . 


Order  XIL     flTPERICA^CEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Sepals  4  or  5,  unequal,  with  an  imbricate  aestivation.  Stamens,  in 
nearly  all,  numerous,  and  in  3  or  more  parcels.  Fruit,  a  capsule  or  berry  of 
many  valves  and  many  cells  ;  the  edges  of  the  valves  curved  inwards.  Seeds 
attached  to  a  placenta  in  the  axis,  or  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  dissepiments. 
Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exsdpulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  entire,  co- 
piously dotted  with  immersed,  pellucid,  resinous  glands.  Flowers  terminal 
or  axillary,  generally  yellow.  Stq)  yellow,  resinous. —  Shrubs,  natives  of 
Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia.  The  genera  in  British  g^ens  are  two, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

^ype'ricum  L.    Capsule  membranous.     Stamens  polyadelphous. 
i^NDRosiE^MUM  Chois.    C^sule  baccate.     Stamens  monadelphous. 

Genus  I. 


□□ 


if  YPE'RICUM  L.    The  St.  John's  Wort.  Lin.  Syst.  Polyad^lph.  Poly4nd. 

IdetUificaUom.    Lin.  Oen.«  392. ;  Joss.,  255. :  Dec.  Prod,  1.  p.  543. ;  Don't  BCiU.,  l.p.  001. 

Synowynus.    Fuga  DaBmonum ;  MlUe  PertuU,  fV. ;  Johanniikraut,  Oer. ;  Iperioo,  Ital. 

Derivations.  The  name  of  i^m6ricam  It  ac  old  ai  the  time  of  Diotooridet ;  out  itt  oiigln  and  mean- 
ing are  uncertain.  Some  deme  It  from  the  Greek  trordt  Atq^r,  under,  and  eikoHt  an  image ;  and 
tuppote  it  to  signify  that  the  upper  part  of  the  flower  roprotentt  a  flgure.  Others  state  that  kuper 
tignlfiet  through,  and  that  the  name  alludet  to  the  pellucid  dott  In  the  loam,  wiiich  form  small 
lenset,  through  which,  when  held  up  to  the  light,  images  might  be  teen.  The  French  name  of  the 
plant.  Mllle  Pertuls,  a  thousand  pores,  is  erldently  derlTea  from  the  tame  touree.  The  English 
name,  St.  John*s  Wort,  and  the  German  one,  Johanntskraut,  are  taken  from  the  country  oeople 
formerly,  both  in  England  and  Germany,  being  in  the  habit  of  gathering  this  plant  on  St.  John's 
day,  to  use  it  to  protect  themselves  from  evil  siiritt.  This  plant,  with  some  others,  was  emploved 
to  make  what  was  called  John's  fire,  which  was  supposed  to  be  a  tecivity,  for  those  who  kindled  it, 
against  witchcraft  and  all  attacks  of  demons.  For  this  reason,  alto,  the  Hypericum  received  the 
name  of  Fuga  Dsemonum. 

Gen,  Char.  Capsules  membranous.  Stamens  numerous,  free  or  joined  at 
the  bases  into  3  or  5  bundles.  Petals  5.  Sepals  5,  more  or  less  connected 
at  the  base,  unequal,  rarely  equal.  Stifles  3  to  5,  rarely  connate  in  one, 
permanent.  CVz/^fu/?  1- or  many-celled,  manjr-seeded,  3— ^yalved.  Int^u- 
ment  of  seed  double.  Embryo  with  the  radicle  situated  at  the  umbilicus, 
and  with  semicvlindrical  cotyledons.  (Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposit^  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  or  deciduous;  ovate- 
oblong  or  lanceolate,  sessile  or  subsessile,  usually  full  of  pellucid  dots  on 
thdr  disks,  and  some  dark  ones  on  their  edges,  lodging  an  essential  oil. 
Flowers  terminal,  racemose,  yellow.  —  Low  sub-evergreen  shrubs ;  natives 
of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia;  of  easy  culture  in  common  soil; 
and  propagated  by  division,  suckers,  cuttings,  or  seeds. 


411.    J/YPERICA  CEff: :    HVPE  RICUM. 

5  i.    Aseyma  Chois.  Prod.  Hyp. 


JD 


rm  a,  Dol.  uid  tiurot,  hard ;  Uut  li  to  uj,  pluitt  Koft  to  III*  lou 
Seel.  Char.    Sepals  connected  at  the  base,  and  unequal.     Stamens  n 

Styles  3  to  5.  Flowers  terminal,  large,  few,  Bul>-ci>rynibo)!C.   {Dim'i  Mill., 
i.  p.60l.) 

A.  Stylci  commonli/  3. 
■  «  1.  H.  elaYuh  Ait.     The  tall  St.  John's  Wort. 
JdrmiiflaHim.    AH.  Hon.  K**..  td.  I.  ml. a.  p.  IN. ;  Don'i  MIIL.  I. 
p.  Wl.  i  Tor.  and  Gnj.  ].  d.  IM 


^cc.  Ckar.,3pc,  Younger  stems  reddish.  Leaves  ovntc- 
oblong,  acute,  dilated  at  the  bas^  somewhat  emar- 
ginBte,  with  the  margins  somewhat  revolute.  Flowers 
corymbose.  Peduncles  bibractcate.  Sqjola  ovate- 
oblong.  (Dm'*  JTfitf.)  Asub^vergreenahrjb.  North 
Amenca.  Height  3ft.to5ft.  Introduced  in  1768. 
Flowers  jellow;  July  and  August,  Capsule  reddish 
brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  [eaves  yellowish.  m.  "n*!""*!" 
J.  n.  2.  ff.  hirci'bum  L.  The  Goat-scented  St.  John's  M'ort. 

Um/ificaUim.    Lin.  Sp..ll<B.,  Ddii'iMlll.,l.p  fioa. 

J(>v ;  HJUb  Partuii  i  (Mum  da  Bmic,  Ft. 
'aSoonb  nS""'"  ^'"^'^  *•  •■'"■  '■*'l   Wiu.  Dmd.  Brll.,  I 
Spec.  Char.,  4-c.     Branches  winged.      Leaves  somewhat   . 
cmarginate  at  the  base,  dilated,  sessile,  acute  at   the  p 
apex,   ovate-lanceolate,   with   glandular   mareins.      Pe- 
duncles  bibracteate.     Stamens  exceeding  the  corolb  in 
length.    Seeds  2,  appendiculated.   (Don't  Mill.)     A  de- 
ciduousorsub-everereenundershrub.  Sea  coast  of  Spaii 
HeightSft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  yellow ;  - 

July  to  September.    Camule  reddish  brown  t  ripe  in  Oc-     "*■  '■  "i"*™- 
tober.    Thelenvet  of  this  i^cies,  when  bruised,  have  a  very  disngreenblc 
smell,  resembling  that  of  a  goat,  whence  its  name. 

J>  B.  H.  ^  2   obtiwfdiium  Dec.  —  Leaves   blunter 
than  the  spcdes.     Found  on  the  mountains  of 
Corsica,  on  humid  rocks. 
*  ■■  H.  A,  3  vihiut  Dec.  is  a  smaller  plant  than  the 
others,  figured  ia  Dend,  Srit.  t.  67. 
B.  Sti/lei  comraonly  5. 
^  a.  H.  K.Ai.aiA'^Kaii  L.     Kabn's  St.  John's  Wort. 
*^(«»lnin.    Wllld,  3p.,  8.  p.  US.;  Don-1  Mill,  l.p.sOB.j  Tor.  uid 

Ifm^trma.    H,  Ktniimitim  HOI,  \  Vlrgtnli  st,  Jobu'i  Wort 
ihfnrtif.    OarJtr.  [14. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Branches  tetragonal.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate.  Flowers  3  to  7,  in  a  terminal  corymb.  Se- 
pals lanceolate,  bluntiah.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  sub-ever- 
green undershrub.  Canada  to  Virginia.  Height  11  ft. 
in  America  ;  8  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in 
1759.  Flowers  yellow ;  June  and  July.  Copsule  red-  n-  «  m  i 
disb  brown  ;  ripe  in  October.  ■""' 


76 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


IIA.   ITypirlcuin  UrUum. 


A  neat  compact  busli,  one  of  the  most  ornamental  of  the  hardy  8|)ecie8  of 
the  genus.  The  general  hue  of  the  entire  plant  is  yellow,  and  the  calyxes 
and  die  capsule,  before  they  are  ripe,  particularly  so.  Flowers  very  numerous, 
in  upright  raceme-like  corymbs. 

M  n.  ^,  H.  Ura^lum  Ham.    The  Urala  St.  John's  Wort. 

IdentifieaHoH.    D.  Don  Prod.  Nep.,  p.  218. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  60S. 
Derivation,    From  lU  name,  Urala  twa^  in  the  Newar  language. 
Engraving.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  9375. ;  and  wxrfig,  115. 

Spec.  ChaT,y  S^c,  Branches  compressed,  2-edged. 
Leaves  elliptical,  mucronulate,  smooth,  shining. 
Flowers  terminal,  somewhat  corymbose.  Sepak 
oval,  very  blunt.  Petals  orbicular.  Styles  shorter 
than  the  stamens.  {Don*t  Mill,)  A  neat  sub-ever- 

freen  undershrub.  Nepal,  on  the  tops  of  mountains, 
leight  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  yel- 
low ;  July  to  September.  Capsule  reddish  brown ; 
ripe  in  October. 

In  mild  situations,  and  on  a  dry  soil,  it  may  safely  be  leil  through  the  winter 
without  anv  protection  j  but  this  should  not  be  the  case  where  the  situation 
is  cold,  and  tiie  soil  tenacious  or  humid. 

*r  5.  //.  CALYCi^UM  L,    The  large^^yneA  St.  John's  Wort. 

Identtfleation,  Lin.  Mant,  106.  ;  'WUld.,  8.  p.  1442. ;  Hook.  Scot.,  221  ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.546. ; 
Smith's  Eng.  FL,  8.  p.  823.  {  and  Don's  BfUl..  1.  p.  603. 

S^nom^me$.  AodTOUumvan conttanUnopoUtknum  ttbre m&ximo,  Wkeelfr''s Jommey^ 205. ;  the  large- 
flowered  St.  John's  Wort;  the  large-flowering  Tutsan :  the  terrestrial  Sun ;  Aaron's  Beard ;  MUIb 
Fertuis  Ik  grandes  Fleurs,  Fr, ;  grossblumlger  Johanniskraut,  Ger.  \  Asciro  Ital.  • 

Derivation,  This  species  was  called  ilndroscSium  by  the  old  writers  on  botany,  on  account  of  the 
tinge  of  red  in  dUferent  places  on  the  stems,  and  the  redness  of  the  anthers,  which  were  supposed 
to  give  it  the  i^ipearance  of  being  spotted  with  blood.  It  was  called  Constantinopolitan  from  its 
having  been  found  near  that  city,  in  1676,  by  Sir  George  Wheeler,  Bart.  The  large  size  of  its 
flowers  is  remarkable,  and  has  given  rise  to  most  of  its  otiier  names.  The  name  of  the  Terrestrial 
Sun  isTery  appropriate  to  the  large  golden  flowers,  with  their  long  ray-like  stamens,  lying  glittering 
on  a  bed  or  dark  green  shining  leares,  which  spread  orer  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The 
number  and  length  of  the  stamens  are,  doubtless,  also  the  origin  of  the  name  of  Aaron's  Beard. 

Engravingi,    Eng.  Bot,  t.  29. 1 2017.  {  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 14&  ;  and  our>ltg'  116. 

Spec.  Char,y  ^c.  Stem  tetragonal,  dwarf.  Leaves  ovate,  coriaceous,  broad,  full 
of  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  large,  terminal,  solitary.  Sepals  large,  obovate, 
spreading;  capsule  nodding.  (DorCt  MUl,)  A  beautiml  little  ever^een 
undershrub,  with  dark  green  shining  leaves.  Levant,  Olympus,  Bntain, 
on  the  western  coast  of  Scotland,  and  in  Ireland  near 
Cork,  in  woods.  Height  I  ft.  to  I  (ft.  Flowers  of  a 
bright  golden  yellow,  with  innumerable  reddish  tre- 
mulous anthers ;  June  to  September.  Capsule  reddish 
brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 


Valuably  for  covering  banks,  rockwork,  or  the  surface 
of  the  fi;round  in  old  shrubberies  or  picturesque  woods, 
especially  for  the  latter  purpose,  as  it  thrives  perfectly  well 
under  the  drip  and  shade  of  trees.  The  root  creeps,  and  a 
small  plant  wul  soon  extend  itself  in  every  direction,  espe- 
cially if  the  soil  be  light,  so  as  to  cover  a  great  many  ne.  jf-djcinum. 
square  yards  in  a  very  short  space  of  time.  It  is  an  excellent  shelter  for 
game.     It  may  be  readily  increased  to  any  extent  by  division. 

J  ii,     Perforhria  Chois. 


□ 


Jdmti/lcatiom.    ChoJs.  Prod.  Hyp.,  p.  4*. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  64C. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  603. 
Derivation.    From  perjoraiut^  perforated ;  because  the  leaves  are  full  of  pellucid  dots,  wbicli  gives 
them  the  appearance  of  being  perforated. 


XII.  hitpebicaVe-e:  ^ndrosk'mum.  77 

Sect.  Char.  Calyx  or  5  equal  scpalfl,  toothed  in  some  with  gloadular  teeth, 
but  entire  in  others,  connected  at  the  base.  Stamciia  numerous,  free  or 
diaposed  in  5  seta.  Stvles  commonly  3.  HcTba  or  undersliruba.  Flowers 
axillaTy,  or  in  tenninsl  paniclcd  corymbs.  Leaves  rarely  tiDear.  (Iton'i 
MiU.)  UadcrBhruba,  from  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  in  height. 
A.  Sepali  entire, 
jtn.  6.  H.  fBOLi'FiCUN  L.     The'proUfic  St.  John's  Wort. 

UHtf)bBliim.    Lin.  Hut.,  in.  j  □«•'(  Mill.,   I.  p.  SCO.  1  Tk.  ud  GttJ, 

DTll^Hubk.  I 


dota.  Corymbs  few-Aowered.  Sej^Ia  ovale-lanceoUle, 
stamens  very  numerous.  Styles  usually  connected  Co- 
gether.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  aul>«Tergreen  shrub.  New 
Jersey  to  Florida,  in  swamps.  Height  1  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1758.  Flowers  yellow ;  June  to  August. 
Capsule  reddish  brown;  ripe  in  October.  iit.  B.|«)»iiua. 

Frequent  in  gardens,  and  forming  a  dense  leafy  bush,  covered  with  flowem 
great  part  of  the  summer,  and  with  seed-pods  in  the  autumn.  Readily 
distinguished  from  H.  Kalmioniini,  by  the  leaves,  bracts,  and  sepals  bdng 
much  smoother  and  shining, 

B.  Sepah  loolhed,  taaallg  mlh  tht  Teeth  glandaJar. 
«.  7.  H.  aupGTRiFo'Liuii  Waid.    The  Empetrum-leaTed  8L  John's  Wort. 

Unti/kaUtm.    wnu.  Bpec..  1.  p.  IVO.  i  Don'i  HIU.,  ] .  p.  SIC. 
Emfrnrbit,.     Dm).  Brll.,  I.  nl.  ,  md  our^.  "B. 

S^c.  CAar,,^,  Stems  suShiticose,  round, with  subulate 
branchlets.  Leaves  linear,  ternary,  with  revolutc 
maigins.  Calyx  small,  obtuse.  Petals  without  glands. 
(Don't  Mill.')  A  neat  little  evergreen  shrub.  South 
of  Europe,  near  the  IMediterranean  ;  and  in  Greece. 
Height  1ft.  to  S  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
yellow ;  Hay  to  August. 


Other  Speae»  ^  li^piricvm.  —  The  only  truly  hardy  sbrubby  species  o( 
Hypericum  are,  H.  elatum,  H.  hirclnum,  H,  calyclnum,  H.  Kalmionuni,  and 
If.  prollhcum.  The  other  hardy  species  are  of  such  low  growth,  that  they 
may  be  considered,   for  all  practical   purposes,  as   herbaceous   plants.      H. 


lepaletue  Royle  appeared  to  be  hardy  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  but  it 
lestroved  by  the  winter  of  IB37-U.     H.  arlpriuttm  Bartr.,  H.  lotmarii^oUm 
H.  gflSoidet  Lam.,  H.  fatdcidatma  Lam.,  and  aome  other  shrubby  o 


Irutescent  Bpecie9,are  described  by  TorreyandGray.but 
their  having  been  yet  introduced. 

Genus  II. 


u 


.ifNDROS.S'MUM  Ckmi^    Thb  Androsxmuk, 
Polyad^lphia  Poly^ndria. 
MmtiacalAM.    Cboii.  Pnid.llfp.,3l,i  D«.Pro<l..l.p.M3.i  Don'iHlll.. 
%iuapni-(.    ^pMcuin,  L.  1  ADdtMamo.  fr. ;  lobunlikniil.  P—  ■  ■--*-' 


78 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


1 1 9<    .IndrouB^muju  ofRuin^U*. 


Derivation.  From  mter,  atidroit  a  mftn,  and  kaimat  blood ;  ihe  capiules.  when  cnubed  between  the 
fingers,  giving  out  a  blood-coloured  Juice.  Tutsan  is  a  corruption  of  totUe  sairUt  all  heal ;  and 
it  was  ^>pUed  to  the  plant  formerly  from  its  supposed  vulnerary  properties. 

Gen.  Char.  Capsule  baccate ;  usually  1 -celled.  Calt/x  5 -parted,  with  unequal 
lobes.  Peialt  5.  Styles  3.  Stamens  numerous,  disposed  in  3  sets.  (Don^s 
MUl.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  sub-evergieen.  Fhwers  terminal. 
The  whole  plant  closely  resembling  a  //ypericum.  —  Suffiruticose.  Indi- 
genous in  Britain. 

jtt  a.  \,  A,  OFFICINALE  AUioni,  The  officinal  Androsacmum,  or  comtnon  T\Usan. 

Identification.  AIL  Fed.,  No.  U40.;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  M3.  t  Don's 
MIU..  l.p.601. 

Synonifmes.  Cl^enon  Ital6nim  VObel-^  Hypericum  ifndrosa^mum 
Lin.,  fVitld.,  SmiiM,  and  Hooker ;  Park  I^eaves  (because  it  Is  fre- 
quently found  wild  in  parks) ;  Androsdme  officinale,  Fr, ;  breit- 
blattriges  (broad-leaved)  Johanniskraut,  Ger.i  CicUiaaa  Itai. 

Etu^avings.  Blackw.,  t.  94. ;  £ng.  Hot.,  t.  1S35. ;  and  owjlg.  119.  in 
flower,  and  Jig.  lao.  showing  the  fruit 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate,  and  somewhat  heart- 
shaped,  sessile,  widely  spreading.  A.  sub-cvei^reen, 
suffruticose  shrub,  forming  a  dense  bush,  with  many 
steiiLS.  Europe ;  and  in  England  in  moist  shady  woods.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  f^.  Flowers  yellow,  1  in.  across  ;  July  to  September.  Capsule  brownish 
purple,  and  lastly,  almost  black  ;  ripe  in 
October. 

The  fruit  is  an  ovate  capsule,  assuming 
the  appearance  of  a  berry :  it  is  at  first 
yellowish  green,  then  red  or  brownish 
{Nirple;  and,  lastlv,  almost  black  when 
ripe.  The  iuice  of  the  capsules,  and  also 
that  of  the  leaves,  is  claret-coloured.  The 
latter,  when  bruised,  have  an  Aromatic 
scent,  and  were  formerly  applied  to  fresh 
wounds ;  and  hence  the  French  name  of 
la  toute  same.  In  gardening,  the  plant  is 
valuable  as  growing  under  the  drip  of 
trees,  and  thriving  and  flowering  freely 
in  almost  any  soil  or  situation.  It  is 
readily  propagated  by  division  of  the 
root. 

ISO.    ArtdroMP^mutB  odiclnkl*. 


Order  XIII.     ^CERA^CEiE. 

Orb.  Char.  Flowers  either  unisexual  or  bisexual.  Calyx  and  corolla  equal 
in  the  number  of  their  parts,  with  an  imbricated  cestivation  ;  the  corolla 
sometimes  absent.  Petals  without  appendages.  Stamens  inserted  upon  a 
disk,  which  arises  from  below  the  pistillum,  not  agreeing  in  number  with 
the  divisions  of  the  calyx  and  corolla.  Pistillum  23obed,  each  lobe  having 
a  wing  at  its  back.  Style  1.  Stigmas  2.  jFVio^  formed  of  two  samarse,  or 
keys,  each  containing  1  cell  and  1  erect  seed.  Embryo  curved,  with  leafy 
shriveled  cotyledons,  and  no  albumen.  (Lindl.) — Deciduous  trees  or  shrubs, 
natives  of  the  temperate  climates  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia. 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen ;  variously 
lobed,  rarely  pinnate.  —  The  species  in  British  gardens  are  included  in  the 
genera  A'cer  and  Neglindo,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 

^^CER  L.    Flowers  polygamous.     Leaves  lobed. 
NsQl/sDO  Mccnch.    Flowers  dioecious.     Leaves  pinnate. 


if  CER  L.    Tbb  Uaplb.     IM.  Sytt.  Polygamia  Monoe'cia, 

M.    Lin.  CcD.,  Ko.lllfi.t  Munch  Hdh.,  Ui ;  Dee.  Prod.,  I.  p.tns.;  Doa-i 


xiii.  ^cera'cex:  ^'ceb. 
Genus  I. 

rasa 

Hi.    Tb 

aimirmn.  B'nbia,  yr.  ■•  Ahora.  C<r.  i  Kaaa.  IlaL  i  ind  AnA  Sfimia. 
Dfriwaikm-  Ftom  ffivr,  hanl  or  <hupi  dniTnl  Arom  iv,  Celtkc  apolnt.  The  tiMne  la  wppuwil  to  bt 
^ipUed  to  Uili  gmtu  bcaaAB  tb«  wDod  ofvoniA  ipfldn  1b  ntrOMy  bird»  ud  wh  Faroiflrir  much 
HQ^l  After  for  the  puipote  oT  maUog  plks  jibd  luicn. 
Gea.  Char,  Sexei  heraiaphrodite,  or  monoedously  polygamoua.  Flowtrt 
with  a  calyx  and  corolla.  Caiyx  divided  inlo  5  parts,  or  some  number  be- 
tween 4  and  9.  Felalt  the  same  m  number.  Slamctu  8,  or  some  number 
between  5  and  18.  Anlhert  8-lobed.  Carpeii  8,  very  rarely  3,  each  a 
samara;  that  is,  a  Truit  which  is  called  in  Briton,  venule ularly,  a  key. — 
Deciduous  trees,  natiTes  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia. 

Leavet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulnte,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen ;    va- 
riously  lobed,  toothed.      F/oweri  axillary,  corymbose.      Frtdl  n  samara. 
Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow  in  some,  and  red  or  brown  in  others. 
Several  of  the  species  produce  useful  timber;  and  sugar  is  one  of  the  con- 
stituent parla  of  the  sap  of  all  of  them.     They  all  prefer  a  utuation  shel- 
tered ratner  than  exposed ;  a  free,  deep,  loamy  soil,  rich  rather  than  sterile. 


and  neither  very  wet,  nor  very  dry.  They  are  propagated  by  seeds  and  layers, 
or  by  grafting.  The  maturity  of  the  seed  may  be  proved  tiy  opening  the  key, 
and  observing  if  the  cotyledons  are  green,  succulent,  and  fresh  ;  if  the  green 


colour  of  the  cotyledons  is  ^vanting,  the  seeds  are  good  for  nothing.  The 
seeds  of  all  the  species  may  either  be  sown  in  autumn,  after  they  are  gathered, 
or  in  spring  :  and  the  latter  method  ia  preferable  where  moles  abound,  as  they 
are  vciy  fond  of  the  seeds.  Sown  in  spring,  they  come  up  in  five  or  six  weeks 
afterwvds ;  with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  A.  campcslre,  which  never 
come  up  till  tbe  second  or  third  year.  The  aeeds  should  not  be  covered  with 
more  than  a  quarter  to  half  an  inch  of  soil.  The  surface  of  the  ground  in 
which  they  arc  sown  may  be  advantageously  shaded  with  leaves,  fronds  of 
ferns,  heaui,  or  straw. 

A,  Leavei  timple,  or  only  $Ughlli/  or  accationaliy  lobed, 

t   *  \.  A.  oblo'ngu>  Wali.     The  oblong-Zfoned  Maple. 

Umliftaam.    WBll.lnLItt^  DecPnid^  l.p.lSS. !  Ddd'iHUI,,  I.  p.«8. 
Sfmoifma.    A.  Anrifdllnii]  D.  Doa.  Pnd.  d.  Hep.  f.iAS.iA.  BmimiMa  Hunlll. 
Bmgrmttigi.    OuiJIgi.  Ill,  139.,  redueed  to  ouc  uiiul  Kale  i  ukL  the  Sgurei  of  Ibe  Maici,  of  tlm 
DManl  •!>«,  U  ^Tcn  In  Ihe  plus,  p.  w. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acuminated,  quite  en- 
tire, coriaceous,  smooth,  rounded 
at  the  base.  Racemes  compound ; 
wing9  of  fruit  parallel,  smooth,  se- 
parated. (ZX>n'i  Mili.)  A  low, 
deciduous  tree;  in  Britain,  a 
rather  tender  shrub.  Nepal. 
Height  soft  Introduced  In  1H84. 
Ill    i  guoitmc  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  February, 

Keys?;  ripe?. 
This  species  is  rather  tender,  and  somewhat  difficult  to  keep 
ground,  unless  when  planted  against  a  wall.     Though  the  leaves  e 
entire,  jw  they  are  sometimes  lobed,  or  show  a  tendency  to  become  so. 


80  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

¥  2,  A.  tat^'riccm  L.  .  The  Tartarian  Maple. 

UaUf/Ualiam.    Un.  Sn.,  1199.  j  Doc.  Prod.,  I.  p.  KO.;  Hiijiui  DBml..p.ao.i  Tiaa'tl 


^ec.  Char.,  ^e.      Leaves  corJate,  undivided,  serrated,  with  obsolete  lotics. 
Racemes  compounii,  crowded,  erect;   wines  of  Cruit  parallel,  young  ones 

fuberuloiis.  {Don't  mil.)  A  low  deciduous  tree,  native  of  Tartary. 
(eight  20  R,  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1759.  Flowers  pale  greeniah  yellow, 
aometimes  slightly  tinged  with  red  ;  May  and  June.  Keys  brown;  ripe  in 
August.     Decaying  leavea  reddish  yellow,  or  brown.      Nuked  young  wood 

When  raised  from  seed,  the  plant  will  come  into  flower  in  3  or  S  years  ; 
ind.  In  good  soil,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  15  ft.  in  10  years.     According  to 


some,  it  will  thrive  in  a  moister  soil  than  most  others.  In  ornamental  phmla- 
ticHis,  it  ia  valuable  on  account  of  the  early  expansion  of  its  leaves,  which 
sppeei  before  those  of  almost  every  orfier  kind  of  jl'cer. 

B.  Leavet  Z-tobed,  or  irifid  ;  rartly  &-lobed. 
i  3.  A.  spicaVuii  Lam. 


EiifravMgt.    Tnl.  Arcfa.,  No.  la.  ;  the  pUlfl  ot  thii  tprcia  In  Arb  Biil,,  Itt.  nllt,»  tdL  t.  ;   ciur 

.Vpcc  Ciar.,  ijrc.  Leaves  cordate,  3-  or  slightly  5-lobed,  acuminated,  pubescent 
beneath,  unequally  and  coarsely  serrated.  Racemes  compound,  erect. 
Petals  UncAr.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wings  rather  diverging.  (Don't 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  small  tree.  Canada  to  Geor^a.  Height 
6 ft.  to  10ft.  in  America;  18ft.  to  20ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1750. 
Flowers  small,  greenish,  raceme  many-flowered  ;  May  and  June.  Keys 
often  reddish;  ripe  in  August  Decaying  leaves  yellowish  red.  Naked  young 
wood  brown. 


Xlir.   ^CERA*CE£:    .f'cER. 


Veiy  ornamental  in  autumn,  from  tu  nnall  keyi,  which  are  fixed  upon 
slender  pettdulous  spikea,  and  have  their  membranous  wingi  beautifiiJly  tinged 
with  rrd  wlien  ripe.  Michaux  states  that  this  tpedes,  gmfled  upon  tne  sjca- 
more,  is,  like  the  A^cer  striatum,  augmented  to  twice  its  natural  dimensions  ; 

'    "  '         '  '     "    n  opportunity  of  seeing  verified. 

The  nnped'baried  Maple. 


a  fact  which  -we  have  never  had  ai 
¥  4.  A.  n-BiA^UH 


Mnr^tcufM.    L«>.  I>lct..i.p.9*l.:D«.Pnid..  l.B.Wa.1  DoBlHUI.,  l.p.M 


82  AHBOnETUM    ET    FItUTICETUM    DRITANNICUM. 

and  Z>k*.  Ari.  I.  >.I9.  (  Snikn-lurliid  Mn|ilB.  Hddh  Wood,  ilrlpfj  Mule.  Dog  Wooli  P/ribla 
Jupi.  Fr. ;  Mlrelft*r  Ahom,  GiT.  :  Auro  icmlalD,  /lol. 
£jVmAv>.     MUL..  1.7.;  TrUl.  Arch..  No,  11.;  Mich.  Fel.  Arb.,  1. 1.  IT.;  tbe  plUe  of  thil  IpnHs 
In  Arb.  BHt„  l.t  edit.,  toI.  ..  i  our  A- IM,  I   mil  A- Uli.  of  the   l«.M,  o(  Ih.  Mlur  J^  Hi.. 
(ormlogpaiM. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  3-lobed,  scuminated,  finely  ond  acuteW 
serrated.  Racemes  pendulous,  simple.  Peials  oval.  Fruit  smooth,  wiili 
the  winga  rather  diverging.  (Don't  MUl^  A  deciduous  tree,  with  green 
bark,  striped  with  white.  Canada  to  Georgia.  Height  Sfl.  to  10  ft.  in 
America  j  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1755.  Flowers 
yellowixh  green,  on  long  peduncleu;  May.  Keys  brown,  and  remarkable 
for  a  cavity  on  one  side  of  the  capsules  ;  ripe  in  August,  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  green,  striped  with  white  and  black. 
The  buds  and  leaves,  when  beginning  to  unfold,  are  rose-coloured ;  and 

the  leaves,  when  fully  expanded,  are  of  a  thick  texture,  and  finely  serrated. 

From  the  great  beauty  of  Its  baric,  this  tree  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection. 

It  is  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  received  from  America ;  or  by  grafting  on 

A.  PEeimo-flSlanus. 

C.  Leavet  5-iobed. 


SprcCi^.  ^c.  Ufta  diptately  5-lobed.  with  roundish  recesses.  Lobes 
somewhat  S-lobed.  repandly  toothed,  pubescent  beneath.  Racemes  com- 
C,?*^'  TT-  ■  ,St«n»ens  9,  with  hairy  filaments.     Ovaries  very  hairy.  (Don: 

i   A  deciduous  tree  of  larp;  size.    North-west  coast  of  Sorth  America, 
IVa      ^  »      i  "''^"'-     ""S^'  **"'■  *°  ^ft-     Introduced  in 

18^8.  Flowers  yellow,  fragrant ;  April  and  May.  Keys  brown  ■  ripe  in 
^plember.  Decaying  Ui.ves  yellowish  brown.  Naked  young  wood  brown. 
t>uds  green. 


XIII.  ^ceraVe^:  ^Ver.  83 

Leavi^s  nearly  I  ft,  broad.  Carpels  soineliines  3.  Sbii  as  abundant  as  in 
any  species,  except  in  A.  saccharinum  ;  the  nood  soft,  irhttiah,  but  benutirully 
vetued.  (^Tor.  and  Grav.)  This  species  is  quite  hard)'  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don, and  promises  to  lorm  a  most  valuable  addition  to  our  ornamental,  and, 
possibly,  to  our  luuber,  irces.  The  tree  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  is  between 
40  ft.  and  50  ft.  high,  after  having  been  ihiricen  years  planted;  and  it  faas 
flowered,  and  ripened  some  seeds. 

I  6.  A.  n.ATANoi'Des  L.     The  Ptatanus-like,  or  Nortnay,  Maple. 

Mnl^lcatiim.     Lin.  Sp.,  H96.  ;  Dec.  Prml..  I.  P.W9.!  Don't  Mill..  1.  p.  M9. 
j4l».i  liiHl.*.  HB.ofthiili«T(a,  oftheiuluralriio.  ftlrm[ngp.lM,  IDS,    ' 

^wc.  Chat.,  4-c.  Leaves  cordate,  smooth,  5-tobed.  Lobes  acuminated,  with  u 
few  coarse  acute  teeth.  Corymbs  stalked,  erectish,  and,  as  well  as  the  fniit, 
smooth.  Pruit  with  divaricated  wings  {Oorit  MiU.)  A  deciduous  tree, 
above  the  middle  size.  Norway  to  Switzerland,  but  not  in  Britain.  Height 
30ft.  to  60ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  rich  yeilow;  April  and 
May.  Keys  brown ;  ripe  in  September  and  October,  (^ening  foliage  and 
flowers,  in  spring,  of  a  bright  yellow  ;  when  decaying,  also,  of  a  fine  yellow. 
Naked  young  wood  smooth,  brown. 

Y  A.   p.  2  LohUa..      A. 

belli  Tenore  ;   A.  p 

noides    Dm'i  Mill 

p.  6+0.     (Our  _fig.  1 

and    _fig.   150.   of 

leaves,    of    the    nal 

size,  in  the  plate  fori 

p.  106.)— The  leave 

very  slightly  heort-sht 

irregiilarly    toothed, 

lob^,    with     the    l< 

more    or    leas   abn: 

pointed.      The    bod 

the  young  wood  Etri 

somewhat  in  the  ma: 

of  that  of  A.  striat 

by    which  circumsti 

the   plant,   in   b   y< 

state,  is   readily    di: 

guished   from   A,  p. 

noides.      A    large   i 

native  of  tlie  kingdoi 

Naples,   and    found 

mountains.     One  of 

most   beautiful   acet 

cultivation  ;      but 

little  known,  thoug,.  «  ,„.  ^^f„„„UMiM^ 

was    introduced     about 

1683.     There  is  a  tree  of  it  at  Croome,  above  EOft,  hi^,  which  has 

lipened  seeds. 
I  A.  p.  3  variegalum  Hort.    A.  p.  Slbo  variegilum  Hayne.  —  Leaves  va- 
riegated with  white. 
X  A.  p.  4  aureo  varicgdluia  Hort. —  Leaves  variegated  with  yellow. 
S   A.  p.  5  tacBoaium  Dec,      A.  p.  c  ispum  LaulA  ;    Eagle  s  Claw,  or 

Hawk's  Foot  Maple.  (The  plate  of  this  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist 

edit.,  vol.  V. ;  our  j^.  138.;  and /g.  151.  of  Che  leaves,  of  the  natural 

Hze,  in  the  plate  forming  p.  107.)  —  Leaves  deeply  and  variously  cut. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


It  is  irequently  produced  from  seed,  being  ibund  by  nuraerynien 

Dmong  seedlings  of  the  species. 
The  tree,  in  general  uipesnnce,  at  a  distance,  ia  like  the  common  sycamore  ; 
but,  onanearerimproach,  the  leaves  ere  found  of  aamoother  and  finer  texture. 
The  roots  eKteod  conuderably,  both  downwards  and  laterally.  The  bark  is 
green  on  the  young  shoots,  but  it  aftenvords  becomes  of  n  reddish  brown,  dotted 
with  white  points:  that  of  the  trunk  is  brown,  and  rather  cracked.  The  buds 
are  lai^  and  red  in  autumn.becomingof  a  still  darker  red  in  the  course  of  the 
winter :  those  on  the  points  of  the  shoots  are  always  the  largest.     The  leaves 


f 


are  thin,  green  on  both  sides,  and  shining.  When  the  pctioleis  broken, an  acrid 
milky  sap  issues  from  it,  which  coagulates  witii  the  air.  The  leaves  are  about 
£in.  long,  and  nearly  liie  same  in  width.     The  petioles  are  longer  than  the 


Xllt.   jfCERACEX  :    A  CEH.  85 

lesTM.  About  the  end  of  October,  the  leaver  become  either  of  a  clear,  or  a  yel- 
lowiBh,  red,  and  then  drop  off.  The  flower*  appear  juat  before  the  leaves,  near 
the  end  of  April :  thej'  forni  a  short  raceme,  somewhat  f  arymbose.  The  fruits, 
or  kejs,  have  their  irings  yelloir.  It  is  not  till  the  tree  hal  attained  the  age 
of  nearl}'  40  jears  that  it  produces  fertile  seeds,  though  it  will  flower  many 
ytan  before  that  period.  The  rate  of  growth  of  this  species,  wheo  once  es- 
tablished, is  from  IB  in.  to  3ft.  long  every  year,  till  it  attains  the  hdsfatoTSO 
or  30  feet  ;  which,  in  favourable  situations,  it  does  in  ten  yean,  l^e  wood 
we^a,  when  Atj,  43  lb.  4  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  is  easily  worked,  takes  a  fine 
poluh,  and  absorbs  and  retains  all  kinds  of  colours.     It  may  be  used  for  all 

-■  .  .       r.i.  ..  ._  1  _r  ...g  (.gujQJon  Bjcamorc.     Sugar  is  made 

thuania.   Se^ls  are  ripened  in  England 


Uemtj^Utom.    LJn.  Sp.,  ItM. ;  Ih 

Sne^ma.    Rock  HnU,  Hum  Mnla,  Blnl'i^r*  Kt^e,  Amtr.  i  Aorg  dal  CuaU,  lui. 

Awronv''  Mtchl.  FLAtl],  1.  Llt.i  IbepUUor  tUl  IpcdH  la  Arb.  Brit..  lU  «lUl,.  TDl.I.  ;  OUT 
MAX.;  udjV-  IM. at ibe bam,  of  thduUmliliis In Q^plMletDrmlng p.  in,  IDS. 

S/ec.  CAor.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  smooth,  glaucous  beneath,  palmatety 
5-lobed  i  lobes  acuminated,  aerrately  toothed.  Corymbs  drooping,  on  short 
peduncles.  Pedicels  pilose.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  winas  (liverging.  {DviCt 
MUt.y  A  deciduous  tree-  Canada  to  Georgia.  Height  in  America  50  ft. 
to  soft.;  in  England  30ft.  to  40ft.  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers 
amall,  yeliowisb,  and  suspended  on  long,  slender,  drooping  peduncles  ; 
April  and  May.  Keys  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  rich 
yellow.    Kaked  young  wood  smooth,  whitish  brown. 


Vanettf. 

1  A.  *.  8.  mgrum.  A.  s.  (3  nigrum  Tor.  ^  (J™  ;  A.  nlerum  ARcij.  { 
the  black  Sugar  Tree,  or  Rock  Maple,  Midi*.  Art.  8.  1. 16.— 
Leaves  pale  green  beneath,  the  vdns  of  the  lower  surface  and  petioles 
minutely  vilHius,  pubescent  i  wings  of  the  fruit  a  little  more  diverg- 
ing. (Tor.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  848.)  Michaui,  who  considered  this 
variety  a  species,  says  the  leaves  resemble  diosc  of  the  species  in 
every  respect, except  that  they  areof  a  darker  green,  and  of  a  thicker 
texture,  and  somewhat  more  bluntly  lobed.  The  tree  is  indiscri- 
minately mixed  with  the  common  sugar  maple,  through  extensive 
ranges  of  country  in  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  and  Connecticut  i 
but  is  readily  distinguished  from  it  hy  the  smaller  die  which  it  at- 
tains, and  the  darker  colour  of  its  leaves.  The  soil  in  which  it 
flourishes  best  is  a  rich,  strong,  sandy  loam  ;  and  there  it  usually 
grows  to  the  height  of  40  or  50  feet. 
Closely  resembling  A.  plataniildes  in  foliage,  except  in   bung  somewhat 


8G  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

glaucous  beneath,  and  in  the  fruit  being  much  more  divergent.  Bark  of  the 
trunk  white.  Leaves  3  in.  to  5  in.  in  length,  generally  wider  than  long.  The 
buds  have  a  fine  ruddy  tint,  especially  in  spring  before  they  expand.  The  tree 
in  England  is  raUier  tender,  and  never  attains  a  large  size ;  but  in  America  the 
timber  is  valuable,  and  the  sap  produces  sugar.     American  seeds. 

*  8.  A,  Psbu^do-Pla'tanus  L.     The  Mock  Plane  Tree,  the  Sycamore,  or 

Great  Maple. 

Idetti^lcation.    Lla.  Sp.,  1489.;  Don'i  MUl..  I.  p.64a  .        .    „  ^         «i  . 

SynonvtHa.    Plane  Tree,  Scotch  \  E'nUrie  Sycamore,  E'rable  blanc  de  Montague,  basse  Platane, 

grand  E'rable,  Fr. :  Ehrenbaura,  weiiser  Ahom,  gemelne  Ahom,  Ger. ;  Aeero Tlco,  Jtai. 
Sngravtngg.    Duh.  Arb.,  1.  t.  36. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  1.  p.  34. ;  the  plate  of  this  spedes  in  Arb.  Brit, 

1st  edit.,  Tol.  T. ;  our  /Ig.  132. ;  and  Jig.  Ift3.  of  the  leaves,  of  the  natural  site,  in  the  plate  form. 

Ingp.ll0,nu 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  smooth,  with  5  acuminated,  unequally 
toothed  lobes.  Racemes  pendulous,  rather  compound ;  with  the  rachis,  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  stamens,  hairy.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wings 
rather  diverging.  (Don's  Miil)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  first  rank. 
Europe  and  Britain,  in  woodecf  mountainous  situations.  Height  30  ft. 
to  80  ft.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  mostly  hermaphrodite ;  May  and  June. 
Keys  reddish  brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  brown,  with  dark 
blotches.  Naked  young  wood  reddish  brown,  buds 
large,  green,  or  tinged  with  red. 

Varieties, 

'St  A.  P.  2  opuUfoUa.     A,  opulifolium  Hort. ;  A, 

trilob^tum  Hort. ;  A.  barbatum  Hort.     (Our 

Jig.  132.)  —  Leaves  and  fruit  smaller  than 

in  the  species,  as  shown  in  fig.  155.  of  the 

leaves,  in  the  plate  forming  p.  1 14.  We  have 

no  doubt  of  this  being  the  A.  opulifolium 

of  Thuillier  and  Villars,  L'E^rable  duret,and 

L'E^rable  ayart,  Fr.,  which  is  said  by  these 

authors  to  resemble  A.  Pszudo-Platanus,  but 

to  be  much  smaller*    It  is  a  native  of  the 

Alps  and  Pyrenees.      Introduced  in   1812.  ^\ 

Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
If  A.  P.^lonfffolia.A.\oi\^^X\\xm Booth. — Leaves 

more   deeply   cut,  and  the  petioles    much         "*•  -^- p- •p«u«»u»'n- 

longer  than  in  the  species.     Altogether  a  tree  of  very  remarkable 

aspect. 
i  A.  P.  4  fidvo  variegdta.  —  A.  P.  lut^scens  Hori. ;  the  Corstorphine 

Plane.  —  Leaves  variegated  with  yellow.      The  original  tree  stands 

near  an  old   pigeon-house  in   the  grounds  of   Sir  Thomas  Dick 

Lauder,  Bart.,  in  the  parish  of  Corstorphine,  near  Edinburgh.   Seeds 

of  this  variety,  sown,  have  produced  plants  with  the  character  of  the 

parent  to  a  certain  extent. 

V  A.  P.  5  d/bo  variegdta  Hayne. — Of  all  the  variegated  varieties  of  ^^cer, 

it  must  be  acknowledged  that  this  is  the  most  ornamental ;  especially 
in  spring,  when  the  leaves  first  expand. 

V  A.  P.  6  purpurea  Hort.  —  Leaves  of  a  fine  purple  underneatli.     This 

variety  was  found  in  a  bed  of  seedlings,  in  Saunders's  Nursery, 
Jersey,  about  1828,  and  is  now  to  be  met  with  in  all  the  principal 
nurseries.  The  tree  hns  a  very  singular  effect  when  the  leaves  are 
slightly  ruffled  by  the  wind,  alternately  appearing  clothed  in  purple 
and  in  pale  green.  In  spring,  when  the  leaves  first  expand,  the 
purple  bloom  is  less  obvious  than  when  they  become  matured,  at 
which  time  it  is  very  distinct. 

Other  Varieties.    In  the  garden  of  the  Hort.  Soc.  there  is  a  variety  called 
Hodgktns*s  Seedling,  with  yellow-blotched  leaves  ;  and  another,  called  Lcslie*s 


XIII.  ^ceha'ce-e:  ^'cer.  67 

Stted&ng.  In  Hajne's  Dcndrologiiche  Flora  there  are,  also, ihe falloning  va- 
rieties :  A.  P.  tlenoptera,  A.  P.  laacroplera,  aid  A.  P.  microp/era,  which  Jifler 
ID  tbe  proportions  of  the  wings  of  the  Iteys,  and  do  not  apiiear  worth  farther 
notice.  In  all  seed  beds  ami  young  plantations  some  or  the  plants  will  bo 
found  with  the  petioles  and  the  buds  red,  and  others  with  the  petioles  and 
the  buds  greenish  jrellow  :  such  trees,  when  of  considerable  size,  are  very 
distinct  in  their  general  aspect,  when  in  bud,  and  when  they  have  newly 
come  into  leaf;  but  after  midBunimer,  when  the  leaves  are  Ai!ty  maturetl, 
and  begin  to  get  rust^,  the  trees  are  scarcely  distinguishable.  Uillerent 
plants  also  diSbr  much  in  the  time  of  their  coming  into  leaf,  and  of  drori- 
ping  their  leaves  i  and  some  of  the  more  remark&le  of  these  it  might  be 
worth  while  to  pr<^agale  by  extension. 


The  srowth  of  the  common  sycamore  is  verj'  rapid  compared  with  that  of 
must  oUer  species  of  A'ccr,  particnlBrly  when  it  is  in  a  deep,  free,  rich  soil, 
and  in  a  mild  climate.  It  arrives  at  its  full  growth  in  50  or  60  years  ;  but  it 
requires  to  be  80  or  100  years  old  before  its  wood  arrives  at  perfection.  In 
marshy  soil,  or  in  dry  sand,  and  even  on  chalk,  the  tree  never  attains  an)'  size. 
It  produces  fertile  seeds  at  the  age  of  SO  years,  but  flowers  severul  ^ears 
booner;  sometimes  even  perfecting  its  seeds  sooner  also.  The  longevity  of 
the  tree  is  from  140  to  200  years,  though  it  has  been  known  of  a  much  greater 
age.  The  wood  weighs  per  cubic  foot,  newly  cut,  64  lb.  t  hatf-drv,  56  lb. ; 
dry,  48  lb.  It  loses,  in  drying,  about  a  twemit  part  of  its  bulk.  When  the 
tree  is  ]  oung,  it  is  white ;  but,  as  the  tree  gets  older,  the  wood  becomes  a  tittle 
yellow,  and  often  brown,  especisUy  towards  the  heart.  It  is  compact  and 
firm,  without  being  very  hard  ;  of  a  line  Brain,  sometimes  veined,  susceptible 
of  a  high  polish,  and  easily  worked,  either  on  the  bench,  or  in  the  turning- 
lutbc.  It  does  not  warp,  and  is  not  likely  to  be  attacked  by  worms.  It  is 
used  in  joinery  and  turnery,  and  cabinet-making  ;  by  musical  instrument 
makers ;  for  cider-presaes  :  and,  sometimes,  for  gun-stocks.  Formerly,  when 
wooden  dishes  and  spoons  were  more  used  than  they  are  at  present,  it  was 
much  in  demand,  especially  in  Scotland,  by  the  manufacturers  of  these  articles. 
As  underwood,  the  sycamore  shoots  freely  from  the  stool,  to  the  age  of  80  or 
100  years.  As  a  timber  tree,  it  is  most  advantageously  cut  down  at  the  age 
of  60  yearn,  or  from  that  age  to  100.  As  an  ornomenul  tree,  it  produces  the 
best  effect,  cither  singly,  or  in  groups  of  two  orthree,  placed  sufficiently  near 
to  form  a  whole,  but  uot  so  ns  to  touch  each  other  ;  and  in  rows  or  avennes. 
The  varieties  with  variegated   leaves  arc  very  ornamental  in  the  beginning  ot 


86  ABBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUM. 

Biunmer  ;  but  their  leavei  are  almost  alwava  more  or  less  imperfect,  especiully 
oil  the  edges,  and  &II  olTmuch  soooer  in  the  autumn  than  those  of  die  species. 
Thtt  leaves  of  the  purple  variet;  ftre  not  liable  to  the  Etnie  objection  as  those 
of  the  variegated  sorts.     Seeds  ;  and  the  varieties  by  grafUug  on  the  species. 


A,  OBTUSA^TUM  Kit,     The  obtiiBo-lobed-Uaved  Maple. 


JfelUjflaUlM.Klt.  In  WIUil.  Smc.,  1.  p  M8^Dec^PnKl._.  I.^p^n94.j  I>Dn'(  UW. 


Spee.   Char.,  4^.     Leaves   cordate,   roundish,   5-lobed ;   lobes  bluntish   (or 
'  ited),  repandly  toothed,  velvety  beneath.     Corymbs  pendulous. 


dicela  hairy.  Fruit  rather  hairy,  with  the  wings  somewhat  diverging.  (Can'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  first  rank,  otas  rapid  growth  as  A.  Pseiido- 
PUtanus.  Hungary,  Croatia,  and  many  parts  of  Italy,  on  hills  and  mountains. 


Height  40  It.  to  60  fl.  Introduced  in  I8S5.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  few  in 
a  panicle  ;  May  and  June.  Keys  brown  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decayiug  leaves 
dark  brown.     Xakcd  young  wood  smooth  and  brown.     £uds  prominent. 


'^.." 


f orwfifj.—  In  the  Neapolitan  tenitorv,  this  tree  is  probably  somewhat  dif- 
ferent in  its  habit  an»l  aspect  from  what  it  is  in  Hungary ;  and  hence,  the  A. 
neapolitanun  of  Tenore  may  be  comrideisd  a  variety.  The  foHowing  also 
appear  to  belong  to  this  species :  — 

T  A,  0,  2  caiidceum.    A.  coriikceum   Boic.  (Don's 
yiill,  I.  p.  649.  i  and  our j^.  134.) — Leaves  co- 
riaceous, the  same  length  as  breadth,  S-5-lobed, 
denticulated,  smooth.  Corymbs  loose.  Wings  of 
fruit   erectly  divergent.      Native  of  ?.    (Scm'i 
MilUr.)     There  are  small  plants  of  this  ^'cer 
in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  which  ap- 
pear to  us  to  belong  to  this  species,  tliough  it  is 
with  considerable  doubt  that  we  have  placed  it 
here.    Possibly  it  may  belong  to  A.  platanbides,  ' 
as  we  once  thought,  or  to  A.  (Xpalug. 
*  A.  0.  3  ibericum.     A.  ib£ricum  Bitb.  Ft.   Taur. 
p.  SIT.  —  Leaves     shining,   glaucous  beneath, 
bluntly  diree-lobed  ;    lob^  furnished  with  one 
or  two  teeth  ;   lalera!  ones   marked   with  the 
middle  nerve  to   the  insertion   of  the  petiole. 
Petioles  a  little  shorter  than  the  leaves.     Tree       '"■  '■•■'■■"'~^ 
20  ft.  in  height.  A  native  of  Georgia.  (Dou'i  Mill.,  i.  p.  649.)  As  we 
have  only  seen  plants  a  few  inches  high,  we  may  be  mistaken  in 
considermg  A.  ibericum  as  a  variety  of  A,  obtusiUum. 


XIII.   ^CERACEiB:    ^'CEB.  89 

1  A.  0.  4.  iobdtian,  A.  lobatum  Fiich.,  has  the  leaves  7-k>bed,  accord- 
ing to  Hon'*  Miller,  but  the  young  plants  bearing  ihU  name  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  which  was  raised  from  seeds  recdved  from  Dr. 
Fiacher  of  Petersburg,  appears  obviously  to  belong  to  A.  obtiuatum. 

D.  Leavet  &-,  rarcli/  1-lobtd. 
J  10.  A.  (ypALVS  Ait.     The  Opal,  or  IlaSan,  Maple. 

UtmtifitaHiM.  AH.H«I.Knr..l.p.Me.)  Dr.  Prod.,  l.p.  BMi  Dori'iHlU..  I.  p.GU.;  Webb  llcr 

ftwawMo.    J.  rotuniURiUum  Lam.  Diet.  1.  p.  W*. ;  A.  Italum  Laiilk  At.  Ho.  8.  i  J.  tUUhuhi 

PrrS;  I'B'nIilc  Opdc.  B'rKble  k ITmlLIci  nnda. «(  E'nHed'lulle,  FT.;  Loppo.  Ilal. 
Drrlralim.    Tbe  ipcciflc  ippellnllim  at  O'pilat  hm  bMn  (inn  M  thlt  •p*d».  probaliLj  trim  Uw 


fnllt.  «c..td1.e.  S.I3.1  [l»  pIMsof  thla  ipsclei  Ln  Arb,  Brit.,  in  adit,, 
i   MDi  Jig.  LU.,  or  Uh  MVflt,  of  the  lutun]  ili«,  Id  tbt  pUCe  bmlDf 

i^wf .  C^ar.,  ij-c.  Leaves  more  or  less  heart-sh^ed,  rouadish,  5-lobed,  smooth 
beneath  ;  the  lobes  generally  obtuse,  and  coarsely  serrated.  FUiven  in 
drooping  corymbs.  Keys  smooth.  (Pen.  Cyc.)  A  low  dedduous  tiee. 
Corsica.  Height  8  ft.  to  1 2  ft.  Introd.  1758.  Flowers  whitish ;  Hay  to 
June.  Keys  small,  brown ;  ripe  Sept.  Decaying  leaves  yellowish  brown, 
A  branchy  tufted  tree,  covered  with   smooth  leaves,  somewhat  coriaceous, 

roundish,  indented,  with  Gve  blunt  lobes,  deep  green  on  the  upper  surface,  and 


),  with  long  red  petioles.  Its  flowers  are  whitieh, 
..1  short  racemes ;  and  the  small  ihiits,  or  keys,  which  succeed  them,  are 
almost  round.  It  is  found  in  forests  and  on  mountains  in  Corsica;  in  Spain, 
on  the  Sierra  Nevada  ;  and  in  Italy,  where,  from  the  dens^ness  of  its  shade, 
it  is  sometimes  planted  by  road  sides,  and  in  gardens  near  houses.  The  red 
cobur  of  the  petioles  of  the  leaves,  of  the  fruits,  and  even  the  red  tinge  of 
the  leaves  themselves,  more  especially  in  autumn,  give  it  rather  a  morbid 
appearance.  It  pushes  later  in  ttie  spring  than  most  of  the  other  species. 
5   11.  A.  ciKCiNA'riiif  PuriA.     The  round-^mvrf  Maple. 

Idrmlffitalllm.    Punh  Fl.  ADSr.  Sept.,  I.p.KT.  l  D«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  SSI.  i  Dml  UUI.,  I,  p.6ai. 

£wnTvAv«,  Hook.  ADwr.,  1.80-1  oar  Jig.  IK.;  uhl  Jig.  1ST.  of  IhB  learas,  or  tb*  lutDral  >1h^  la 
at  pUto  ronalEii  p.  IIIL 

^xe.  Char.,  Jfrc.  Leaves  orbicular,  rather  cordate  at  the  base,  7-lobed,  smooth 
OD  both  surfaces  i  lobes  acutely  toothed  j  nerves  and  v«ns  faairyat  their 
orinn.  (Don'i  MUL)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  miildlc  size.  N.  W.  coast 
of  North  America,  between  lat.  43°  and  49°.  Height  80  ft.  to  40  ft.  In- 
trod. 1S26.  Flowers  with  the  sepals  purple,  and  the  petahi  white;  April  and 
May.  Keys  purplish  brown,  with  thin  strught  wings,  which  are  so  diva- 
ricate u  to  form  right  an^ea  with  the  peduncle ;  the  lower  margin  scarcely 


90  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

thickened.   (Tar.  and  Gray).     Decaying  leaves  of  o  fine  reddish  yellow. 

Naked  young  wood  reddish  brown. 

Brunches  slender,  pendulous,  and  crooked  i 
often  taking  root,  in  the  manner  of  ihoae  of 
many  species  of  Ficus.  Bark  smooth ;  green 
when  young,  white  when  fully  grown.  Leaf 
the  length  of  the  fiogpr,  upon  rather  a  short 
ibotslalk,  menibranaceous,  heart-shaped,  with 
7 — 9  lobes,  and  ? — 9  nerves  ;  smooth  above, 
except  hairs  in  the  aiils  of  the  nerves  ;  downy 
beneath,  and  in  the  axiU  of  the  nerves  woolly: 
lobes  ovate,  acute,  and  acutely  serrated  ;  the 
sinuses  acute :  the  nerves  radiate  from  the  tip 
oF  the  petiole,  and  one  extends  to  the  tip  of 
each  lobe.  Flowers  of  a  middling  size,  in 
nodding  corymbs,  that  are  on  long  peduncles. 

(Hoot.  Fl.  Bar.  Anier.)     This  is  a  very  nmrked  "*■  -"^  ti«»»n- 

and  beautiful  species;  distinguishable,  at  ei^t,  by  the  regular  form  of  its 
leaves,  and  thiar  pale  reddish  green  colour.  Though  this  fine  tree  has  been 
in  the  country  since  1BS6,  it  seems  to  have  been  comparatively  n^lected,  for 
there  is  no  good  specimen  that  we  know  of  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London. 
At  High  Clere,  a  thrivine  tree  has  ripened  seeds  for  some  years  past;  so  that 
there  can  be  no  doubt  of  its  hardiness. 

A  12.  A.  palma'tum  2HunA.     The  pataate-ArowJ  Maple. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  smooth,  palmately  divided  into  5 — 7  lobes  down 
beyond  the  middle  )  lobes  acummated,  oblong,  serrated.  Umbels  5—7- 
ftowered.  (Don't  Afi/A)  A  low  deciduous  tree;  in  England  a  rather  deli- 
cate shrub.  Japan.  Hdght  in  Japan,  80 Ct.  Introd.  in  1820.  Flouers 
greenish  yellow  and  purple;  May.  Keys?.  Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow. 
This  species  requires  the  protection  of  a  wall;  having  been,  like  A.  oblongum, 

killed  to  the  ground  in  the  open  air,  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  in  the  winter 

of  1S37-8. 

S  11  A.  krioca'bpum  MiiAr.     The  hairy-fruited,  or  tvliite,  Maple. 


Enerar^iin.  D«f.  Aon.  Mul.,T.  1.21.;  (ho  riale  ar  Ihll  l^dn  In  Arb,  Brit..  Ill  edit,  TOl.  t.  : 
ourA.m.i  tat  Jig-  159.orUieloi.M,otllien«urilil.fciiithepl«la[annlnip.  119. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  truncate  at  the  base,  smooth  and  glaucous  beneath, 
palmately  S-lobed,  with  blunt  recesses,  and  unequally  and  deeply  toothed 
lobes.  Flowers  conglomerate,  on  short  pedicels,  apetHlous,  pentandroua 
Ovaries  downy.  (Don  t  MiU.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  North  America,  from 
lat.  4-3"  to  Georgia.  Height  in  America  10  ft.  to  40  ft. ;  in  England  30  ft 
to  50ft.  Introduced  in  1723,  Flowers  small,  pale  jellowish  purple; 
March  and  April.    Keys  brown ;  ripe   in   July. 

Varieliet.  There  are  several  names  in  nurserymen's  catalogues,  such  as  A. 
coccfncum.  A-  macrocirpum,  A.  fl6ridum,  A.  Pi\ia  which  are  only  very 
alight  varieties  of  A.  eriocfirpum.  The  last-named  variety,  introduced  by 
Messrs.  Booth,  has  received  the  absurd  name  of  I'Svia,  from  the  upper 
surface  of  the  leaves  being  Klighlly  wrinkled,  somewhat  in  the  manner  of 
.1.  ,-.i._  u  I.  .     I      ^g  j-jjg  species  seeds  freely,  endless 


xiii.  ^ceba'ces:  ^'CER. 


DiEtiaguished  from  A. 
rubnim  by  the  leaves 
being  more  decidedly  5- 
lobed,  the  l(A>ex  deeply  cut, 
and  the  whole  leu  more 
tomentose.  A  very  desir- 
able species,  from  the  ra- 
pidity or  its  growth,  the 
grnceTul  divergent  direction 
of  its  branches,  the  beauty 
of  its  leaTes,  and  the  pro- 
fijnon  of  its  early  flowers. 
In  mild  seasons,  these  flow- 
ers bc^io  to  burst  from 
their  buds  in  the  first  week 
.  in  January  ;  and  they  are 
often   fully  expanded  by  the  end  of  Februarj 


r  be^ning  of  March.  It 
requires  a  deep  free  soil,  and  more  moisture  t^au  most  of  the  other  species. 
It  ripens  its  seeds,  both  in  America  and  Britain,  by  midsummer,  or  earlier  ; 
and,  if  these  are  immediately  sown,  they  come  up,  and  produce  plants  which 
arc  8  or  10  inches  high  by  the  succeeding  autumn. 


T  14.  A.  Ru^Ruu  L.     The  Ted-Jtouicrmg,  or  learlet.  Maple. 


J.  cocctOEUB  dO.  t  MM. ;  A.  a»ia  Varlk.  Arhtut. ;  A.  ea- 
Sp^ ;  Kit  H^ile,  Swmp  H*^  red  Hifte  t  E'rabls  rouR*. 

at  Ux'teiTai.  o^  Uw  utunl  dn,  In  the  plUc  fonAlng 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  cordate  at  the  base,  glaucous  beneath,  deeply  and 
unequally  toothed,  palmately  5-1obed,  with  acute  recesses.  Flowers  con- 
glomerate, 5-pclaleu,  penlandrous.     Ovaries  smooth.    (^Doit't  Mill-)      A 


92  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUH   BIIITANNICUH. 

lurge  tree  whh  numerouB  diveraent  Blender  branches.  Canada  to  FWida. 
Height  in  America  30  ft.  to  BO  ft. ;  in  England  SO  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  1656.  Flovera  Bmall,  dark  red,  appeanng  a  fortnigtit  before  theleavet; 
March  and  April.    Keys  brown  ;  ripe  in  S^tember, 

S  A.  r.  8  hdermedium  Lodd.  Menu  intermediate  between  thia  apeciea 
and  A.  eriodTpum. 
In  Eo^and  distinguished  at  si^t  irom  A.  erioc&rpum  by  the  leaves  beiiw 
much  less  cut,  and  less  white  beneath,  and  by  the  tree  being  generally  less  vi- 
gorous. The  red-flowered  maple,  whether  we  r^ard  the  b^uty  of  its  flowers 
and  opening  leaves  in  early  spring,  its  red  fruits  in  the  banning  of  summer, 
or  its  red  (oliage  in  autumn,  deserves  to  be  considered  one  of  the  most  orna- 
mental of  hardy  trees-  Contrary  to  the  general  character  of  the  maples, 
thU  species  is  said  to  thrive  best  in  moist  soil,  which  must,  however,  at  the 
same  time,  be  rich ;  and,  for  the  tree  to  attain  a  large  site,  the  situation  ought 
to  be  sheltered.  In  Britain  it  is  chieflv  propagated  by  layers  ;  but,  on  the 
Continent,  almost  always  by  seeds,  wnich  ripen  before  midsumniK,  even 
sooner  than  those  of  ^.  erioc&rpum,  and,  if  sown  immediately,  come  up  the 
same  season.  The  seeds,  even  when  mixed  with  soil,  do  not  keep  well ;  and, 
in  general,  but  a  small  proportion  of  those  sent  home  torn  America  vegetate 

3  15.  A.  ■oNBPESBUi.i.'Nuii  L.    The  Montpelier  Maple. 

.  trUaUluin'j>H.  i  S'nbia  di  HnitpeLlar, 


«.,  H9T.  J  Dec  Pro).,  1.J1.MS, 
m  MziK*  ;  A.  trlRHIum  I&l. ; 


jt;vc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  3-Iobed  \  lobes  almost  entire,  and  equal. 
Corymbs  few-flowered,  pendulous.  Pruit  smooth,  with  the  wings  hardly 
diverging.  A  low  tree.  South  of  Europe.  Height  15  H.  to  40  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1739      Flowers  pole  yellow;  May.     Embrown;  August. 


In  general  aspect  the  tree  resembles  A,  creticum,  which  has  much  shorter 
footstalks,  and  coriaceous   leaves.      It  also  resembles  A.  camp^atre,  which. 


XIII.  ^ceracea::  ^ceb.  93 

boirerer,  hat  the  leaves  A-lobed,  while  in  A,  monipesaulinum  they  are  only 
3-lobed.  Bee  the  figures  of  leaves  in  p.  ISO.  and  ISI.  The  leaves,  in  mild 
Beasona,  remain  on  through  the  greater  part  of  the  winter.  Seeds  i  which  it 
ripens  in  great  abundance. 

t   16.  A.  camfb'btrb  h.     The  commoyi,  or  Field,  Maple. 
UtmtHlauiai.    LId.  Spec..  ItST.  i  Hijie  DeDd.,  p-tll.;  Dee.  Piod.,  Lp-BM. ;  Don'iMIU..  l.p.M9. 

KSSi'-  Bnal.  Bot,,  l.an.'i  WllLd.  AbWlcl.,l.»13.i  •iaxJlt'.U\.\'tai  Jig.  isa.  of  the  Ihth, 
or  tb«  baturmJ  iLh.  Id  Lba  pla£l  tDrmLig  p.  130. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cordate,  with  fi  toothed  lobes.  Racemes  erect. 
Wings  of  fruit  much  divaricated.  {Don't  MiU.)  A  low  tree  or  shrub- 
Britain.  Height  15  ft.  to  30 ft.,  sometimea  40ft.  and  upwards.  Flowers 
yellowiiih  green ;  Mav  and  June.  Keys  brown ;  ripe  in  September.  Decey- 
uig  leaves  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  pale  brown. 


^ o  the  variegated-leaved  variety  of  ^. 

PseCido-J^Stantu,  this  seems  the  handsomest  of  all  the  variegated- 
leaved  maples ;  the  leaves  preserving,  with  their  vari^ation,  the 
appearance  of  health,  and  the  blotches  and  stripes  of  white,  or 
whilUh  yellow,  bdng  distinctlv  marked. 

A.  c.  3  hehecArjntm  Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  598-  A.  camp^stre  Widlr.  in 
Liu.  TriU.  Arek.  L  No.  7  j  .*.  m611e  Op«.  — Fruit  clothed  with  vel- 


vety p 

1  A.  c.  4  coBmum  Wallr.  in  Utt.  Dec.  Prod.  i.  p.  594-      A.  afflne  and 
A.  macTDcdrpum    Opix,  —  Fruit  smooth.     Lobes  of  leaves   obtuse. 
Flower  smaller.     Native  of  France. 
T  A.  c.  5  autlriacum  TratL  Arch,  i.  No.  6.     (The  plate  of  this  tree  in 
■    Ajb.Brit.,lst.ediL,voI,v.)— Fruitsmooth.  Lobes 
of  leaves  somewhat  acuminated.     Flowers  larger 
than  those  of  the  species.      Native  of  Austria, 
Podolia,  and  Tauria.  (Don'i  MUi.)     This  variety  \ 
is  larger  b  all  its  parts  than  the  ori^al  species,  ' 
and  is  of  much  freer  growth ;  the  main  stem  rises 
erect  and   straight,  and   sends   out  its  branches 
regularly  on  every  side,  so  as  to  form  a  sort  of 
cone,  almost  like  a  fir.    A  subvariety  of  this  sort, 
with  vari^ated  leaves,  is  propagated  in  the  Boll- 
wyller  Nursery.  1 

OUkt  VtBvrtiei.  A.  c.  LcmgdivTo,  leaves  very  smooth 
aod  shining;  A.  c.  Tianum,  habit  dwarf;  and,  perhaps, 
some  others,  are  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges. 
A.  lairiaan,  leaves  larger  and  less  divided  than  in  the 
spedea;  and  A.hyrcanuni  (^.141.)  with  the  leaves  vari- 
ously cut,  are  also  in  some  collections.  "''  ''  ''i''^"™' 
Differing  Irom  A.  monspessiil&num  in  having  the  flowers  produced  upon 


94  AUUORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

the  young  uhoots ;  as  well  as  in  the  racemes  ofllotTers  being  erect.  The  wood 
w^bs  61  tb.  9oz.  a  cubic  foot  in  a  green  state,  and  51  lb.  15oz.  when  per- 
fectly dry.  It  makes  excellent  fuel,  aiid  the  very  best  charcoaL  It  is 
compact,  of  a  fine  grain,  sometimeB  beautifully  veined,  and  taked  a 
high  polish.  It  was  celebrated  among  the  ancient  Ronuina  for  tables.  The 
wooJ  of  the  roots  is  frequently  knotted ;  and,  when  that  is  the  case,  it  is 
used  for  the  manufacture  of  snuffboiea,  pipes,  and  other  fanciful  productions. 
A  dry  soil  suitit  this  species  beat,  and  an  open  utuation.  Seeds  ;  which  often 
remain  eighteen  months  in  the  ground  before  they  vegetate,  though  a  few 
come  up  the  first  spring.  The  varieties  are  propagated  by  layers. 
The  Cretan  Maple. 


^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  permanent,  cunesited  at  the  hose,  acutely  3-lobed  at 
the  top.  Lobes  entire,  or  toothleted ;  lateral  ones  shortest.  Corymbs  few- 
flowered,  erect.  Fruit  smooth,  with  the  wings  hardly  diverging,  (Don'i 
mm.}  A  diminutive,  alow-srowing,  sub-evergreen  tree.  Candia,  and  other 
islands  in  the  Grecian  Ardiipelago.  Height  lOf^.  to  30ft.  Introd.  175S. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  May  and  June.  Keys  brown;  ripe  in  September. 
There  is  a  general  resemblance  be- 
tween ^.criticum,  A.  monspessulanum, 

and   A.  cabip&tre ;   but   the   first  is 

readily  known  from  both,  by  its  bdng 

evergreen,  or  sub-evergreen,  and  by  its 

leaves  haviiK  shorter  footstalks,  and 

being  less  deeply  lobed.     In  a  young 

state,  the  leaves  are  often  entire  or 

nearly  so.  It  is  oftener  seen  as  a  shrub 

than  as  a  tree  ;  and  it  seems  to  thrive 

better  in   the  shade  than   any  other 

j^cer.    Seeds,  layers,  or  grafting  oi     * 

Other  Specie!  o/A'cer. — A.  barbatuni 
Michx.,  given  in  our  first  edition,  has 
been  omitted,  because  the  plant  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden  has  always  appeared 

to    us   nothing   more  than   j4,  plata-  ,,i.  ^-oBcriucuB. 

■toides,  and  because  Torrey  and  Gray 

consider  ii  a  doubtful  species,  and  probably  described  by  HGchaux  from  "  speci- 
mens of  A,  sacch4rinum  ;  the  only  species,  so  far  as  we  know,  which  bas  the 
sepals  bearded  inside."  (Tor.  and  Gray,  i.  p.  249.)  A.  opuliffllium  given  in  our 
fir^t  edition  as  a  species,  wc  have  now  satisfied  ourselves,  from  having  been  able 
to  exambe  larger  plants,  is  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of  A,  Pse^do-Pl&tanus 
diminished  in  all  its  perls.  There  are  several  luunes  of  species  of  j^'cer  in  the 
works  of  European  botanists,  the  plants  of  which  would  require  to  be  pro- 
cured and  studied  in  a  living  state  ;  such  as  A.  granathae  Bois.,  a  native  of 
Spain  ;  A.  parvi/llium  Tausch  j  also  some  natives  of  the  Himalayas ;  and  ihe 
following  in  North  America  as  given  by  Torrey  and  Gray  ;  A.  gli/rnan  Torr., 
a  shrub  of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  A.  IripanUum  Nutt.  MSS.,  a  shrub  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  aJlied  to  A.  glabnim ;  A.  grandideaidtum  Nutt.  MSS.,  a 
shrub  or  low  tree  fi'oni  the  Rocky  Mountains,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  A. 
baib^tum  Douglai,  mentioned  in  Hooker's  Flor.  Bar.  Amcr.,  i.  p.  1 18.  the 
names  of  several  other  species,  not  yet  introduced,' will  be  found  in  the  first 
edition  of  this  woA. 


XIII.    j1CERA>CEM: 


A^cer  obldnffum.     The  ab]ang-leaved  Mapio, 
Lnivc  of  the  niitiiraJ  size. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETOM    J 


The  Tartarian,  or  entire-leaved,  Afaple. 
Leaves  and  fruit  of  the  natural  size. 


Xlll.    ACERA^CZJE  :    ^CER. 

A'cer  tpieatmn.     The  spWe-^otoered,  or  mountain,  Maple. 
A.     Letives  uid  fruit  of  natural  eize.     .\ 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 


A'mt  alridtum.     The  striped- 
Leaves  of 


.    jfCERA^CElE:    VCER. 


Ituri,  or  Penruyttxmian,  Maple, 
the  natural  size. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICEIUM    BRITANNICUM. 

A~cer  macTophyllum.     The 


£[[1.    ^CERa'CES:     a   CEIt. 


large-leaved  Maple.     I'lute  I. 
rruic,  of  the  natural  size. 


ARBOIIETUU    ET    FBUTICETUM    BBITAMNII 


A-txr  macTophyUum.     The 
Soialler  leftTCi,  olwi  of  the  naturol  size. 


XIII.    <fCERACEX:    ^CER. 


lai^'leaved  Mople.    Plate  II. 

to  ibow  how  much  thej  vary  od  the  same  tree. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


A'oer  ptalanoides.     The  Platanus- 
heavct  and  Truit  of 


XIII.    ^CERA^CEiB:    ^VeR. 


like,  or  Norteay,  Maple. 
the  natural  size. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    DRITAMNICUM. 

A^cer  (plataniAdet)  Lobifii.     L'Obel'a  Maple. 


XIII.  ^cera'cea:  ^*cer.  107 

A^cer  jtlaiatioida  taeiniatum. 
The  cut-feoMtf  Plataous-like,  or  Eaglt'a  claw.  Maple. 


ABBOnEri;M  et  fruticetum  britannicum. 


A'cer  siuxhdrinum. 
The  leaves  and  Tniit 


XIII.    jfCEHA  CE£  :    ^  CER. 


1  10  ARBORETUM   ET   FnUTlCETUM    BRtTANNICUM. 

A^cer  F$ewlo-Fldlamu.     The 


XIII,    .^CERACEa::    ^'CER. 


False  PlaDc,  or  Syeamort,  Maple, 
oftbe  natural  size. 


112  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

A^cer  oblutatum.     The  obtuse- 


xui.  yfCEUA'cE.*:    -J'crn. 
j         k-bed-Uaetd,  or  Neapolitsn,  Maple. 


ARBOEETUM    ET    FBUTICETllM    BHITANNICUM. 

A'cer  Pseudo'VUlantu  opulifalia. 
The  Opul  us- leaved  False  Plane,  or  Sycamore. 


XIII.  ^ceba'ce*;  ^CER. 
A'cer  Cpalus.     The  Opal,  or  Italian,  Maple. 


AliBOnETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

A'cir  eircindlum.     The  round-leaved  Maple. 


XIII.    ACETIA^CEJE  :    ^'C)':il. 

K^eer  pulmatutn,     Tlic  pal  mate- /eatW  Mu|)li.'. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 

Tile  woolly- fruited  Maple. 


XIII.    ^CEHA  CE.E  :    A  CEIl. 


K'eer  ribrum.     The  TeA-fiotcered  Mu|>U', 
:hc  nuCural  aze. 


Leaves  ond  fruit  of   j.    the  nutural  a 


AltBOnKTUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNItUM. 

isjiesiuiaiium,  and  A.  eampettre.    TIte  Montpeltcr  Mii|i1e,  nnd 
the  common,  or  field,  Maple. 
Leaves  and  fruit  of  the  iiatiinil  size. 


XIII.    ^CEIIACE*:    ^CEU. 

rL-ticuiti.     The  Cretan,  or  various-h-aved.  Maple. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FIIUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


^ 


4.:Dk.  Prod..  1 


„ . Dm  A^cer  Kegtitdo'L.  ;    but  Ihe  memnfaig  of  (hft  Uttn 

word  li  nnkQown,    ProbBbty,  Jt  mwf  be  mer«1r  tbfi  Imnals  n«iue  of  UL^iwrei  (rrom  gigmer,  to 

Gen.  Char.  Sexei  dicecious.  Fhwcrt  without  a  corolla.  Cali/x  with  4— 5 
unequal  teeth.  Male  fioaiert  upon  thread-»heried  pedicels,  and  disposed 
in  fascicles  ;  on/Aeri  4 — 5,  linear,  sessile.  Femi^  Howert  diB|Kised  in 
racemes.  {Dec.  Prod.)  —  Deciduous  trees,  natives  of  North  Amenca. 

Leavei  compound,   opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  impari-pinnate. — 
There  is  onl;  one  species  in  British  gardens. 

1  1.  N.  ntAxiNiKoViuii  Nail.    The  Ash-leaved  Ne^ndo. 

MmUcaHon.  Mutt  Gen.  Antr.,  I.  p. 
»3.  (    Dec.  Prod.   L.  p.  1196.;    Don^ 

Stmomfmri.  A^cer  Kegtimlo  T..,  Mick. 
ArS:-.  iiT.anrndin  lianick  and  IWr. 
4  Graj/  \  A'fjitht^im^  uncrfciBUID 
ICaflm.;  the  AAK-tflHTcd  MApl#,  tbe 
Blick  Alb  1  ETible  k  FeoIlkM  de 
Fr»M,  Fr.\  E'rablB  k  G1«ufCr«.  JIH- 

£i*jrriit4itft.     HIcb.   Aiti..   s. 

Shn.lrfArti.,l.l.li.i  WUt 

1.  in.;  the  nine  of  (Ml  inclM  la  Arb. 
Brit.,  llCoidt..nil.T.{  ind  our  J^.  164. 

.Spec.Oiar.,^c.  Leaves  of  from 
3  to  5  leafieta,  the  opposite 
ones  coarsely  and  sparingly 
toothed,  the  odd  one  oftener 
3-lobed  than  simple,  (Dec. 
Prod.y  A  deciduous  tree,  of 
the  middle  size.  Canada  to 
Carolina.  Height  15  ft.  to 
30  fl.;  in  Endand  30  ft.  to 
40  ft.  Introduced  in  I6Be. 
Flowers  yeHowish  green,  ap- 
pearing; with  the  leaves; 
April.  Keys  brown  ;  ripe  in 
At^ust.    Decaying  leaves  of  a  rich  yelli 


Nnlied  young  wood  smooth, 
1  iiB  tree  in  the  Hort.  Soc,  Garden  is  a  male  j  ' 
the  collection  of  W.  Borrer,  Esq.,       Hcniidtl. 


hut 


Varlcliet. 

1  N.  f.  8  criipum  Q.  Don.  (The  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.;  and 
owtjig.  IG5.)— Leaves  variously  cut  and  curled.  The  plant  of  this 
variety  in  the  arboretum  of  the  Hort.  Soc.  is  a  male ;  the  inflo- 
rescence consists  of  pendulous  panicles  of  flowers,  that  are  green, 
with  some  redness  from  the  colour  of  the  anthers ;  and  each  is 
placed  npon  a  slender  peduncle  of  about  1  in.  long. 

1  N.  f.  3  vioHiceum  Booth.  —  Young  shoots  covered  wth  a  violet  blooui. 
This  appearance  is  not  uncommon  in  the  young  shoots  of  different 
species  of  1'cer  as  well  as  in  Keg&mlo. 


XIII.    ^CERA'CE:£.       XIV.    /FSCUI.A  CEJS. 


A  rapiJ-growin 
fine  pen-green  of 
American  gecds, ' 


tree  ;  very  ornamental,  from  its  compound  leaves,  and  the 
its  young  shoots;  arriving  at  maturity  in  IS — BO  years. 
hich  ought  to  be  sown  ns  aoon  as  poBuble,or  layers,  in  any 


K  species ;  but  neither  fruit,  n' 


Order  XIV.     .^SCULA'CE.^. 

lc«  Lint  i  Hippocutinea  Dec. 


ampaniilate,  5-1obed.     Ovary  roundish,  trigonal.     Seedi 
i   albumen  wanting.       ""   '  >...-.■ 


ObD.  Chab.     Calyx  c 

lai^e  and  globose;   albumen  wanting.      En£yo  curved,  inverted; 
He^y,  thick,  gibbous  cotyledons,  not  produced  above  ground  in  germination 
Flmnu/e  large,  3-leaved.  —  Deciduous  trees,  natives  of  North  America  and 

Leavei  compound,  oppoutc,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  leaflets  5 — 7,  ser- 
rated. Flouien  terminal,  in  racemes,  somewhat  paniclcd.  —  All  the  known 
plants  of  this  order  cross-fecundate  freely,  and  by  most  botanists  they  are 
included  in  one  genus ;  but  so  numerous  are  the  garden  varieties,  that  we 
have  thought  it  more  convenient  to  follow  those  authors  who  separate  the 
species  into  two  genera.  These  are  ..E'sctdus  and  PJvia,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished ;  — 


124  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BUITANNICUM. 

Genus  I. 


m 


yE'SCULUS  L,    The  Horsechestnut.    Lin.  Sysl,  Hept&ndria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  462. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.&97. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  I.  p. 568. 

Spnonjftne*.    Hlpiioc&stanani  Toum. ;  Marronier  d^Inde,  Fr. ;  RoMkastanie,  Qer. 

Derivation.  The  word  wE'gculus,  derived  tram  etca,  nourishment,  1«  applied  by  t'llny  to  a  mmxIcs 
of  o«Jc,  which  had  an  eatable  acorn.  The  word  Hippocistanum,  fnym  hippns  n  horse,  and  cat" 
taneot  a  chestnut.  Is  said  by  some  to  have  been  given  to  this  tree  ironically,  the  nuts,  though  they 
have  the  appearance  of  sweet  chestnuta.  being  only  fit  for  horses  ;  and  by  others,  because  it  Is  said 
the  nuts  are  used  in  Turkey,  for  curing  horses  of  pulmonary  diseases. 

Gen,  Char,  Caiyx  campanulate.  P^fli*  4?— 5,  expanded,  with  an  ovate  border. 
Stamens  with  the  filaments  recurved  inwardly.  Capsules  echinated.  Leaflets 
sessile,  or  almost  sessile.  {DorCs  Mill,)  —  Deciduous  trees,  natives  of  Asia 
and  North  America. 

Leaves  palmately  divided,  with  stalked  leaflets,  generally  rough.  Capsule 
rough.  Buds  generally  covered  with  resin. — Two  species  and  several 
varieties  arc  in  British  gardens. 

The  common  horsechestnut  is  invariably  propagated  by  the  nuts,  which  are 
sown  when  newly  gathered,  or  in  the  following  spring ;  and  in  either  case  they 
will  come  up  the  succeeding  summer.  All  the  other  sorts,  as  being  varieties 
of  the  species,  are  propagated  by  budding  or  grafting.  Soil  deep  sandy  loam. 
Only  the  first  three  sorts  described  below  can  be  considered  as  true  horse- 
chestnuts  ;  the  remainder,  to  which  some  other  names  mi^t  be  added,  we 
consider  as  hybrids  between  ^'sculus  and  some  kind  of  F^vta,  most  pro- 
bably P.  flava. 

S  ] .  M,  HiPPOCA'^STAXUM  L,    The  common  Horsechestnut. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  48S. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  697. ;  and  Don's  Mill.,  1.  p.  C.52. 

Synonymes.    Hippocfistanum  vulglUre  Toum. ;  Marronier  d'Inde,  Pr. ;  gemeine  Roukaitanle,  Ger.\ 

Marrone  d'lndla,  ItaL 
Engravings.    Woodv.  Med.  Bot.,  1 1S8. ;  the  plate  of  this  species  In  the  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edJt., 

vol.  V.  ;  and  OMTjig.  166. 

Spec,  Char.y  ^c.  Leaflets  7,  obovately  cuneated,  acute,  and  toothed.  A  large 
deciduous  tree.  Asia  and  North  America.  Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1629.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red ;  May.  Fruit  brown  ; 
ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  dark  brown.  Naked  young  wood 
brown.    Buds  long,  lai^e,  greenish  brown,  covered  with  resin. 

Varieties, 

¥  JE,  H.Z  flbre  plena, — Recorded  in  nurserymen's  catalogues,  but  not 

common. 
t  M,  H,S  a&reth-mriegatum.  —  The  leaves  are  blotched  with  yellow,  but 
they  have  a  ragged  and  unhealthy  appearance,  and  are  b}'  no  means 
ornamental. 
t  M,  H.  4  argcnteo^arieghtuvu  —  Leaves  blotched  with  white. 
It  M,  H.  5  incisum  Booth.    ^,  osplenifolia  Ilort.  —  Leaflets  cut  into 

shreds. 
Other  Varieties,      In  Booth^s  Catalogue  are  the  names  JE,  H.  cHspum, 
nigrum,  prs'cox,  striatum,  tortuosum,  &c.,  but  none  of  these,  nor  any  other 
variety  which  we  have  seen,  is  worth  culture. 

A  tree  of  the  largest  size,  with  an  erect  trunk,  and  a  pyramidal  head.  The 
leaves  are  large,  of  a  deep  green  colour,  and  singularly  interesting  and  beau- 
tiful when  they  are  first  developed.  M^en  enfolded  in  the  bud,  they  are 
covered  with  pubescence,  which  falls  ofl*  as  the  leaves  expand.  The  growth, 
both  of  the  tree  and  of  the  leaves,  is  very  rapid ;  both  shoots  and  leaves 
being  sometimes  perfected  in  three  weeks  from  the  time  of  foliation.  The 
wood  weighs,  when  newly  cut,  60  lb.  4?  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and,  when  dry, 
35  lb.  7  oz. ;  losing,  by  drying,  a  sixteenth  part  of  its  bulk.     It  is  soft,  and 


XIV.   .^bcula'cEjE:   jI^SCVLVS. 


unfit  for  use  where  greal  strength,  and  durability  in  the  open  air,  are  required ; 
nevertheless,  there  are  manj  purposes  for  which  it  is  applicable  when  sawu 
up  into  boards ;  Euch  as  for  flooring,  linings  to  carts,  packing-csscs,  &c.  The 
nuts  may  be  used  when  burned  as  a  kind  of  ley,  or  substitute  for  soap.  The 
nuts,  if  wanted  for  seed,  should  be  gathered  up  an  soon  as  they  drop,  and 
dther  sown  or  miied  with  earth ;  beoiuse,  if  they  are  left  exposed  to  the  air, 
they  will  lose  their  germinating  prc^rties  in  a  month.  Some  nuraerynicn 
cause  the  nuts  to  germinate  before  sowing  them,  in  order  to  have  an  opportu- 
nity of  pinching  off  the  extremity  of  the  radicle;  bj  which  means  the  plants 
are  prevented  irom  forming  a  taproot ;  or,  at  least,  if  a  taproot  be  formed,  it 
is  of  a  much  weaker  description  than  it  otherwiae  would  be,  and  the  number 
of  lateral  fibres  is  increased ;  all  which  is  favourable  for  transplanting.  When 
the  tree  is  intended  to  attain  the  largest  size,  in  the  shortest  time,  the  nut 
ought  to  be  sown  where  the  tree  is  finally  to  remain ;  because  the  use  of  the 
taproot  is  mainly  to  descend  deep  into  the  ioii,  to  procure  a  supply  of  water, 
which,  in  drv  soils  and  seasons,  can  nerer  be  obtained  in  sufficient  quantities 
by  the  lateral  roots,  which  extend  themselves  near  the  surface  in  search  of 
nourishment  and  air. 

f  a.  JB.  (H.)  onioB'Nsis  Mkir.     The  Ohio  .£sculu$,  or  Horsechatnvi. 

IdnUifictlkm.    HIch,  Arb.,  a.p.MS.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  l.f.S9l.:  Don'i  UlU..  l.p.Cai. 

Srmx^mn.    ^.  abloiula  lAiU.;  ?£.  pUlldn   IfJu. :  .E.  KbtnUa  UtM.;  .£.  gUlbra   IV.  4 

EnfToihiti.    Hichi.  Arii.,l.t.91.'i  Hot.  Reg.,  IMS,  LSI. ;  uid  i>urjt(.  I6T.  ftom  Mkhux. 

Spec.  Chttf.,  ^c.  Stamens  nearly  twice  the  length  of 
the  (yellowish  white)  corolla;  petals  4,  spreading,  a 
little  unequal,  the  claw  scarcely  the  length  of  the 
campanulate  calyx ;  thyrsus  racemose,  loosely  flow- 
ered j  leaflets  5,  oval  or  oblong,  acuminate,  fine  and 
unequally  serrate, glabrous.  {Tor.  oruJOrny,].  p. SSI.) 
A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Pennsylvania 
and  Virginia.  Height  in  America  10ft.  to  30ft.;  in  the 
climate  of  London  apparently  the  same  as  the  com- 
mon horsechestnut.  Introduced  in  ?  1830.  Flowers  . 
white, yellow,  and  red;  May  and  June.  Fruit  brown; 
ripe  in  October.  Bark  rough,  fetid.  Branches  of 
the  thyrsus  of  flowers  short,  4— 6-flowcrcd ;  the 
flowers  mostly  unilateral,  small  (not  half  the  size  of 
those  of  the  common  horsechestnut).  Fruit  pnckly, 
resembling   that   of   the    cultivated    horsechestnut.       i,-.   r  uri  iiiiii4i.ii 


rc^y  half 


but  scarcely  half  the  size.  (rw.  ami  Gray,!,  p.  851.) 


126  AltBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

According  to  Michaux,  ihe  Americnn  horserhestnut  is  commonl;  u  bush  or 
Ion-  tree,  from  10  tl.  to  1211.  in  hci^lu  ;  but  it  is  sometimea  30  or  35  feet  high, 
trunk  12  or  15  inches  in  diameter.  He  found  it  only  on  the  bunks  of  the  Ohio; 
but  ToiTe3'  and  Gray  give  as  itx  habitats  the  western  parts  of  Pennsjlrania, 
Virginia,  Ohio,  Kentucky.  The  tree  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  is  of  equally 
vigorous  growth  with  the  common  hornechestnut ;  the  leaves  are  larger,  and 
ofa  bright  green:  on  the  Bupposltion  that  this  is  the  ^.  ohioensisof  ^i^j'.nnd 
Tor.4  Gray,  we  have  no  doubt  in  our  own  mind  that  it  is  only  a  variety  of  the 
common  horsecheatnut.  Dr.  Lindley,  however,  is  of  a  different  opinion,  con- 
sidering it  OS  a  distinct  species.  (See  Bol.  Reg.,  1838,  t,  51.) 
I  3.  JE.  (H.)  RUi 


jv-^m:  ■    ■'"   ■  ™"' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Petals  4<,  with  ibe  claws  shorter  than  the  calyx.  The 
flowers  are  scarlet,  end  very  ornamental ;  the  leaves  of  a  deeper  sreen  than 
those  of  any  other  sort,  and  they  have  a  red  spot  at  the  base  of  the  petioles 
of  the  leaflets  on  the  under  side.  The  flowers  come  out  of  a  dark  red,  and 
die  off  still  darker.  Fruit  pridtly.  A  deciduous  tree,  below  the  middle 
size.  ?  Hybrid  from  North  America,  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated 
in  1820.  Flowers  red ;  Uaj  and  June.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 
It  is  doubtful  whether  this  tree  is  a  native  of  North  America,  or  originated 

in  British  gardens.    It  passes  under  different  names  in  diSbrent  nurseries, 


ns  will  be  seen  by  our  list  of  synonymes,  and  may  be  considered  as  differing 
little,  if  at  all,  from  jE.  eftrnea  Lind/.  It  is  distinguished  from  Plvia  rubra 
by  its  larger  and  rougher  leaves  ;  and  from  AS.  Hippodistanum  by  the  leaves 


XIV.  ^scula'cgs:  ^sculus.  127 

bang  (uDer  and  more  uneven  on  the  surbce,  and  of  a  deeper  green.  The 
tree  is  also  Binaller,  and  or  much  less  Tigorous  growth  than  the  common 
horaecheatnut.      It  ia,  without  doubl,  the  mo«t  oraanteiilal  sort  of  the 

X  JE.  (H.)  S  r.  nued.  jS'sculua  rdaea  Hart. — This  Tariety  differs  from 

j^,  (H.)  rubiclinda,  in  having  the  leaflets  without  a  red  spot  at  the 

base  of  the  petioles.     The  flowers  come  out  of  a  pale  red,  and  die 

off  about  the  same  shade  aa  the  dowers  of  jE.  (H.)  rubic6nda  are 

when  they  first  appear. 

Other  Farieliei.     There  are   several   aames  in  gardens,  and  in  nurs^> 

men's  catait^es,  which  appear  to  belong  to  ^.  (H.)  rubicdnda,  but  l>ow 

(m  they  are  worth  keeping  disdnct,  we  arc  very  doubtful.     Whiiley't  tietir 

icarlet,  of  which  there  is  an  imported  tree  in  the  Fulham  Nursery,  is  said 

to  have  flowers  of  a  darlter  scarlet  than  any  of  the  above-named  varieties ; 

and,  if  so,  it  may  be  recorded  as  ^.  (H.)  r.  3  Whitleii.     M.  (H.)  ameri- 

aitia  of  the  same  nursery  belongs  also  to  ^.  rulHcOnda. 

1  4.  ^.  oi^'bha  Willd.     The  smooth-Jmtwd  .£sculus,  or  Horiedtetlnut. 
Mcmttfcalim.    WlUd.BinM>..p.  tOS. ;  D«.  Prod..  I.  p.MT.  i  Dua-i  Mm.,1.  p.SU. 
Eitrarti^.    IliTU  AbbUd.,  1.  M.  ;  Uld  OUIJ^.  160,  ItO. 

Spec.  Char.,  tic.     Claws  of  the  petals  of  about  the  length  of  the  calyx.     Leaf- 
lets  of  a  pale  green,  very  smooth.     Flowers  of  a  greenish  yellow.     A  de- 
ciduous low  tree.     North  America.     Height  EOft.  to  30 ft.     Introduced  in 
1618.     Flowers  yellow  ;  June,   Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 
This  sort   is   very  distinct  ; 

but  it  is  evidently  not  the  J^'s- 

culuB    glabra   of    Torre^   and 

Gray,  but  probably  a  variety  of 

the  ,^'sculus   fl&va    of   these 


niiihors,  with  rough  fruit.  The 

whole  plant   is   comparatively 

glabrous,   and  even  the  fruit 

partakes  of  that  quality.     The 

tree  is  of  less  vigorous  growth 

than  ^.   rubicund*;   and  the  ^^^    .rniMiuim. 

shoots  take  a  more  upright  di- 

rectioa     It  appears  to  lose  its  leaves  sooner  than  most  of  the  other  sorts. 

1  S.  -X.  (o.)  pa'llida  HWil.  The  pale^urnvd  ,£sculus,  or /forffcAnfnu/. 
Uemljjctliim.    WiOd.  Emus.,  p.l06.  i  Ha/H  D«d,  p.  M,  i  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  W.;  Don't  Hia,  1. 

Enfrawimff'    Kkyoa  AbbUd.,  c.  3Et ;  uiil  wi,rjt£.  HI. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Petals  with  the  claws  shorter  than   the  calyv.     Stamens 

twice  aa  long  as  the  corolla.    A  deciduous  low  tree.  Ori^nated  in  gardens. 

Height  £0  ft.  to  30  ft.     Cultivated  in  1818,     Flowers  pale  yellow  i  May 

and  June.     Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  October. 

This  sort  so  closely  resembles  M.  glabra,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our  mind 
of  its  being  a  variety  of  that  species.  It  is  of  somewhat  more  robust  growth, 
and  the  leaves  are,  perhaps,  not  quite  90  smooth. 


AnBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICI'M, 


asan 


PA'VM  Boerii.    Thb  Pati*,  Bucreyb,  or  Smooth.frvitisd  HoasBCHEST- 
NUT  Tree.    Lm.  Si/tt.  Heptfiiidria  Monogynia. 

Mnaificaliim.    Dosrh.  Lugd,.  LMO.  ;  D«.  Frod..  1.  p.IM.  ^  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  Ul. 

Dttiraliim,     In   honour  gf  FrltT  Fan,  ■  DuKb  bauntit.  once  molVMiit  Bl  boUnr  U  L*]ilRI. 

Gen.  Char.  Ca^x  tubular.  Pffdilt  4,  erect,  niuTow.  5^mnu  straight.  Cap- 
tultt  unarmed.  {Dorii  MUl.)  —  Middle-Bized  dfeiilunus  trees  or  shrubs, 
natives  of  North  America;  distinguishable  from  the  horsechestnuts  by  the 
smoothness  of  their  fruit,  and  the  coni[iarBtive  •mallnesB  of  their  flowers, 
which  \\B.\e  their  petals  erect  and  narrower. 

Lracct  palmate,  «ith  5 — 7  leaflets,  smooth.     Flauiert  small,  with  eivct 
and  narrow  petals.    Budt  blunt,  not  covered  with  resin.  —  There  are  three 
species,  and  several  varieties  or  hybrids,  in  Britixh  gardens. 
Distinguished   from   the   common   horsechestnuts,   hy  being   Bmailer  and 

smoother  in  ait  their  ports.    There  are  probably  only  three  aboriginal  species ; 

but  there  are  several  Dcautiful  garden  varietiea,  or  hybrids.     Culture  the  tamo 

as  for  the  common  horsechcstnut. 

1  1.  P.  ru'dr*  Lam.     The  KiX-Jiowcnd  Pavia. 

Jdenlfjkalton.    Lun.  niait.  \  n«c.  Prod..  1.  p.  Wb.  i  Dan'aMlH.,  I.  p.  &■% 

Sinunumn.  .S'lcului  P4»ib  Lin.  and  Tor.  i  Gray  ;  X.  PiiVO  »u.  ■  raiira  /Tone  Dni.  p.  t*. : 
P>iu  Hininftra  Harl.  ;  imill  Buckcie.  Anirr.  ;  Hurgnisr  Pailt.  or  PiYlt  I  Fleiul  roivn.  Ft.  ( 

£afra>Iiu(.  Lun.  flluit '[.V73. ,  Haine  Abtrlld.,  L  SI.  ;  WUi.  Dend..t.IW.  i  Knnis,  t.  U.  i  Iho 
plu«  DC  Ih(  tm  In  ^b,  Brll.,  lit  «llt..?oLT,  ;  uii<niTflf.\Ti. 

Spec.  CAoT.,  ^c.  Corolla  of  4-  petals,  that  arc  longer  than  the  stamens. 
Lealletii  5,  elliplic-oblong,  tapered  to  both  ends,  and  smooth,  ns  is  the 
petiole  1  axils  of  the  nerves  hairy  no  the  under  surface  of  the  leaf.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  A  slender-growing  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  on  mountains. 
Height  loft,  to  20ft.  Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers  brownish  scarlet i 
Mav  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leave*  brown. 
Naked  young  wood  reddish  brown. 


XIV.  .fgcuLA^cEA;  pa\ia.  129 

t  P.r.2  argiUa  G.  Don, 
(B.R«g.,t.993.;oui 
;%.  I780~Ahand. 
•ome  small  tree,  with 
dark  bronniBh  reA 
flonere,dififerii^lLttl< 
from  thoce  of  P, 
libra.  Imroduced  k 

i  1B20. 
t  P.r.SiabbiciiuittaWats. 

Dend,  Brit.  t.  IBO, 

X.  P.  serrita  /fort, 

—  Lealleu    aeutelj  ' 

■errated :  in  other  re^ 

specta  it  ditfcra  little 

from  the  ipeaea. 
mP.r.iiumla.    P.bii- 

milis   G.  Z>on;   and 

vCacuIua       hilmilii 

i««.  (Bot.  Reg.,  t.  iri.  p.rt.«.ta-,«.. 

1018;   and  ourj^. 

173.^  —  A  diminutive,  weak,  Btreralliig  fbrm  of  the  ipedes,  probably 

.^•„..,^  f™— g  sport,  and  i^ch,  on  it«  own  root,  ia  only  a  re- 


obtoined  & 


curobent  bush,  from  2  ft. 


hdght  1  but  which,  when  grafted 


130  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRlTANMtCUM. 

on  the  common  horsecheslnut,  romu  the  very  beautiful  penduloua 
low  tree  of  which  there  is  a  plate  in  the  Aii.  Brit.,  1st  eJit^  toI.  t. 
In  addition  to  these  Tarieties,  there  are  the  three  forma  whiqh  are  enu- 
merated below. 

In  ita  native  country  this  Bp«ciea  varies  in  magnitude  from  a  low  rambljiu 
shrub  to  a  tree  of  SO  It.  or  more  in  height.  In  England  P.  rubra  is  in  culti- 
vation in  various  torms :  as  a  tree,  in  which  character  it  has,  at  Byon  (see 
our  plate  in  the  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.),  attained  the  height  of  seft. ;  as 
a  pendulous  tree  of  IS  or  14  feet  in  hdght  («ee  our  plate  in  the  Arb.  Bril., 


Ist  edit.,  vol.  v.,  under  the  name  of  P.  r.  p^ndula) ;  and  aa  a  trailing  shruh, 
under  the  name  of  P.  hOmilis,  in  the  London  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  in  the 
arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges. 

The  yellow^iwred  Pavia. 

^  Hbm.  ind  Tor.  i  Onty :  . 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Petioles  pubescent,  Ratlish  towards  the  tip.  Leafiets  5 — 7« 
pubescent  beneath,  and  above  upon  the  nerves.  (Drc.  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
tree  of  the  middle  size.  Virgmia  and  Georgia,  in  fertile  valleys.  Height 
30  ft.  to  BO  ft.  in  America  i  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  17G4. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Froit  brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decay- 
ing leaves  yellow,  tinged  with  brown.  Naked  young  wood  yellowish  brown. 
A  more  vigorous  and  rigid-growing  tree  than  P.  riibrn,  with  the  branches 


.   ^SCULA  CE«  :    fa\ia. 


upright  1  whereu  in  P.  rubra  they  are  spreading,  slender,  find  pendulous. 
Leave*  paler  than  in  P.  riibra.  To  thrive,  it,  like  all  the  other  ^scul^ceee, 
require*  a  deep  rich  soil.  Propagated  b;  budding,  becauEe  the  colour  of  the 
Bowen  is  found  to  vaiy  much  in  plants  rmsed  froin  seed. 

I  3.  P.  (fJ  nbolb'ct*  G.  Don.    The  neglected  Pavia. 

HnttflkaUn.    Loud.  Hi>n.Brtt..p.  143.:  Don'iMill.,  I.  p,6K.i  S>L  Ilort.  nrll,,|i.n. 
Stmoitmi.    .PkuIui  nrgWcU  Lima.  In  BM.  Ha- 
EneraMmti.     BoL  Il(|..  L  1009.  ;  unl  oaijlg.  lA 


132  AnUORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANHICUU. 

Spec.  Ciar,,  ^c.    Leaflets  5,  lanceolate,  serrulated,  taperine  to  the  base,  fla^ 

rather  plicate,  smoolh  beneath,  but  pilose  in  the  axis  of  the  veins.    Calyx 

csmpHnulate,  obtusely  5-toothed,  about  the  length  of  the  pedioel.    Stamens 

rather  longer  than  the  corolla.     Superior  petal  veined.     {Don's  Mill.)     A 

dedduoua  tree.     North  America.     Hdght  EO  fl.  to  30  fl.     Introduced  in 

1823.     Flowers  yellow  and  red ;  Hay  and  June,  a  week  earlier  than  P. 

Bftva.     Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October.     Leaves  with  rufous  down  on  the 

vdns  an  the  upper  side.     Flowers  pale  yellow,  v^ed  with  red,  disposed  In 

thyrsoid  racemea.     Capsules  unarmed,  but  the  ovary  tomentose. 

A  tree  resembling  Pkvia  flitva  but  smaller.    The  plant  in  the  Hftrt,  8oc. 

Garden  was  purchased  from  M.  Catros  of  Bordeaux,  under  the  name  of  ^. 

ohio^sis.    In  the  Bol  Be^.  it  is  said  to  be  most  nearly  related  to  j£,  (Ptkvia) 

lliva,  but  to  difler  Irom  it  in  the  dowen  appearing  a  week  or  10  days  earlier, 

and  in  the  leaflets  being  more  slabrous,  with  rufous  down  on  the  veuii  on  the 

upper  side,  and  with  haiis  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  on  the  under  surftce. 

X  4.  P.  H aukoca'rpa  Hort.    The  long-fruited  Pavia. 

Srmiiifim.   X-koIiim  VMa  mi 
£ivrBAi|t.    The  pLUa  la  '  ' 


jS'scnIus  and  Pavio  ?  rubra.  Hdglit  £0  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated  in  I8S0. 
Flowers  pale  red  and  yellow,  nearly  as  large  as  the  common  htKiKcheftnut ; 
Hay  and  June.    Fruit  brown  i  ripe  m  October, 


XIV.  ^scvla'ce^e:  i 


are spresding  and  loose;  and  the  whole      -r-     = i  r  — 

ftnce,  qiute  £Sbrent  from  that  compactness  of  (bim  and  rigiait;  of  brancbea 
which  belong  to  mo»t  of  the  tree  qtedes  and  varieties  both  of  ^sculus 
and  pBTia. 

■  5.  P.  Di'scoLOK  Swl.     The  two-caloured^/fawrrfEf  Pam. 

MfUficaUm.     9wt,  Hart.  BiIL.jlSI.;  Dob'i  MDl.,  p.  SU. 

^miiiwia.   SrtcaVa  diKolat  M  ud  Am  Ba.  ^  ^kdIu  nrfs  g  iUkoIdi  Tot.  $  grog. 

Smftitiiigt    Bot  Kig,,  1, 110. ;  and  ear  Jig.  Vn. 

^xc.  Char.,  Sic  Leaflets  5,  acuminate  at  botli  ends,  tomentoee  beneath,  un- 
equally  Bernileted.  Raceme  thyrsoid,  many-flowered.  Corolla  of  four  con- 
nivine  petals,  with  their  clawa  the  length  of  the  cal^.  Stamens  7,  shorter 
than  the  corolla.  (Don't  Milt.')  A  deciduous  tree-like  shrub.  Virginia  and 
Oeorgia,  in  fertile  valleys  and  on  mountains.  HdghtSft.  to  10  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1818.  Flowera  vari^sled  with  white,  yellow,  and  purple; 
Hay  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October.  Detxying  leaves  yellowish 
brown.  Naked  young  wood  of  a  brownidi  stone-colour. 
The  whole  plant,  including  the  young 

wood,   is    covered    with   pubescence. 

Hie  flowers  are  large,  showy,  continu- 
ing a  long  time  expanding,  and  nume- 
rous  though  they   are  but  sparingly 

succeeded  by  fruit.     When  the  plant 

is  raised  from  seed,  it  is  renuirkable 

for  its  thick,  fleshy,  carrot-like  roots, 

which,  in  freie  soil,  penetrate  perpendi- 

culariy  to  Che  depth  of  8  or  10  feet  i 

before   they   branch.      Unleas    when 

grafled  on  j£.  Uippocistanum,  it  is 

seldom   seen  aboTe  4   or   5   feet  in 

height;  but  it  is  a  very  free  flowerer, 

and,  considered  as  a  shrub,  is  in  May, 

when  it  is  in  flower,  one  of  the  moat 

ornamental  that  the  British  artwretum  ,^  p»^4»b*« 

■  B.  P.  hacbosta'chva  Loit.    The  long-racemed  Pavia. 

^nUi«uM>«.    LoU.  H<>b.  Aoul.:  Dec.  IVad.,  1.P.M8.I  DoD'tMUl,  l.o.SM. 

longi  B-pl^  Pi.iH  MlB,  ft.  1  ImgiliriM  RoMkMmta.  On-. 
SatTi,wmtE.    L<ita.H*rb.Am«L.  L114;a;,jBBAM>Ud.7l.  W.iKid™rft.ire. 

Spee.  Cher.,  ^c.     Stamens   much   longer   i 

than  the  corolla.    Racemes  very  long.    I 

Root   stoloniferoui.      Plowets   while.    I 

{Dec.    Prod.)      A    dedduoua    shrub,    I 

with  numerous  rvdided  shoots.     South 

Carolina  and  Oeorgia.    Hdght  in  Arae- 

nca   Bft.   to   4>fL;    in   the  climate  of 

London  lOfl.  to  15ft.     Introduced  in 

1880.     Flowers  white,  with  loi^  pro- 
jecting stamens,  which  give  the  spike  a 

fine    fringed    appearance;     July    and 

August.  Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  October. 

TTie  shoots  are  slender,  spreading,  and 
rooting  at  the  joints  where  they  happen 

to  re»t  on  the  soil,  with  ascendent  extre-  "  ' 

mitiea.  The  tree  comes  into  flower  about  a  "*"  '*"'■  "'•'™'»^'» 

month  or  sii  weeks  Uter  than  the  other  .Ssculicea,  and  continues  flowering. 


134  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

in  the  case  of  large  plants  on  moist  soil,  for  three  months  or  longer,  forming 
one  of  the  greatest  noral  ornaments  of  tlie  shrubbery,  at  a  season  when  very 
few  trees  or  shrubs  are  in  flower.  The  fruit,  which  is  small,  seldom  ripens 
in  England :  but  in  America  it  is  said  to  be  eaten,  boiled  or  roasted ;  and 
M.  Poiteau,  accordingly,  has  included  this  species  of  Pkvia  in  his  list  of  fruit 
trees.  Layers;  or  seeds,  when  they  can  be  procured,  and  which  ought  to  be 
sown  as  soon  as  possible  after  they  are  ripe. 

Ottter  Kinds  of  Patna. — PcIvIbl,  caUJvmica  (JS.  calif6mica  iVu^.)  has  been 
described  by  Torrey  and  Gray,  but  is  not  yet  introduced.  P.  Lponii  is  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  but  has  not  yet  flowered  there.  We  have  omitted  in  this 
edition  P.  h^brida,  described  by  DeCandolIe  as  a  truly  intermediate  plant  be- 
tween P.  rubra  and  P.  flava,  with  yellow,  white,  and  purple  flowers ;  because 
the  only  plant  which  we  have  seen  bearing  this  name,  that  in  the  Hort.  Soc. 
Garden,  has  the  flowers  yellow,  and  appears  merely  a  very  slight  variety  of 
P.  flava.  In  nurserymen*s  catalogues  there  are  several  names  which  we 
have  not  noticed  ;  for  the  truth  is,  that  the  diflerent  kinds  of  JE'scnhis  and 
P^via  cross-fecundate  so  freely,  and  seedlings  vary  so  much,  that  there  is 
no  limit  to  the  number  of  varieties  that  might  be  produced.  The  great  error 
(because  it  creates  so  much  confusion  in  the  nomenclature}  consists  in  giving 
these  varieties  to  the  world  as  species. 

It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  observe,  that  all  the  most  valuable  varieties, 
of  both  ^^sculus  and  Pavia,  are  best  perpetuated  by  budding  or  grafting,  and 
that  collectors  ought  always  to  see  that  the  plants  they  purchase  have  been 
worked.  Pavia  rubra  as  a  tree,  P.  discolor  either  as  a  shrub  or  grafted  standard 
high,  and  P.  macrostachyaas  a  shrub,  ought  to  be  in  every  collection,  whether 
small  or  large.  Pavia  numilis,  when  grained  standard  high  on  the  common 
horsechestnut,  forms  an  ornament  at  once  singular  and  beautiful.  As  the 
horsechestnut  is  to  be  found  in  most  plantations,  those  who  are  curious  in  the 
species  and  varieties  might  graft  them  on  the  upper  branches  of  old  trees  ;  or 
young  trees  might  be  headed  down,  and  one  kind  grafted  on  each. 


Order  XV.     SAPINDA^CEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Flowers  polygamous. — Males  with  the  calyx  more  or  less  deeply 
4^5-parted.  Petals  4 — 5,  or  occasionally  absent,  alternate  with  the 
sepals.  Dii^  fleshy.  Stamens  S — 10,  inserted  into  the  disk.  —  Hermaphnh' 
dite  flowers  with  the  calyx,  petals,  disk,  and  stamens  as  in  the  males. 
Ovary  .3-celled.  Cotyledons  incumbent.  Plumule  2-leaved.  (LmdL)  —  A 
tree,  a  native  of  China* 

Leaves  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  terminal, 
in  racemose  panicles,  small,  white  or  yellow.  - —  There  is  only  one  hardy 
species  belonging  to  this  order  in  British  gardens,  nassely,  Rolreut^ria 
paniculata  Laxm, 

Genus  I. 


KOLREUTE*R/i<  Laxm.    The  Kolrkutebia.    Lin.  Syst.    Octdndria 

Monog^nia. 

Identiftcnlion,  Laxm.  Acad.  PeCr.,ie.  p.  861.;  L*H^rit.  Sert.,  18.  t.  19l:  Willd.  Spec  PI.,  330.  » 
Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  616.  ;  Don's  Mill..  1.  p.  67S.  •—       • 

Smonymcs.    Saptndtu  ip.  Lin./U. ;  C61reutcria,  Ital. 

Jjitrmition.  In  honour  of  Ji^n  TheopkUus  KStreuter^  onco  profescor  of  natural  hUtorr  at  Carls- 
ruhe,  and  celebrated  for  hl«  reiearcbet  on  the  pollen  ofplantt. 


XV.  ^scvL&'CEx..     XVI.   fita'ce*.  liJ5 

Gen.  t%ixr.,  Sfc.  Calyx  of  5  sepala.  Pelalt  4,  each  with  S  scales  at  the  base. 
Captule  3-cellcd,  inflated.  Scedt  ovate-globose,  the  seed-coat  penetrating 
mto  the  seed,  and  occupjine  in  the  place  of  an  axis  the  centre  of  the  em- 
bryo, which  b  spirally  convoluted.     (Dec,  Prod.) 

Lraoet  impari-piniiate,  of  tnan;  pairs  of  leaflets,  that  are   oVate  and 
coarsely  toothed.     Plawen  yellow,  in  panicles.  —  A  deciduous  tree. 

.  K.  PANicuLi'TA  Laxm,     The  panicledjfoiwn'i^  Eoh^nterie. 

tr.,  IE.  p.  Kl. ;  Dae.  Prod.,  ].  p.  SIS.  i  Dan'i  UlU,  I.  f.eit. 

.:.  M.  I  BotrBM-.L  m ;  md  ttis  lOUe  of  tlie  (m  <n  Aft.  Brit., 

1  oar  A- ISO- 

.^tc.  Char.,  4c-  Leaves  impari-innnate,  with  ovate  leaflets,  coarsely  toothed. 
Flowers  polygamous.  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Horlh  of 
China  Height  2011.  to  40  ft.  in  the  climate  of  London.  Introduced  in 
1T63.  Flowers  yellow,  in  terminal,  racemose,  nireading  panicle* ;  July 
and  August.  Fruit  a  bladdery  capsule,  whitish  brown ;  npe  in  October. 
Decaying  leaves  deep  yellow.  Naked  young  wood  brown. 
It  is  very  hardy ;  the  hermaphrodite  plants  not  unfrequently  ripening  seeds 

in  the  nei^boumood  of  London,    It  has  not  only  a  very  fine  appearance 


/ 


y 


wnen  in  flower,  but  alio  in  autumn,  when  the  tree  is  covered  with  its  larse 
bladdery  capsules,  and  the  leaves  change  to  a  deep  yellow,  which  they  do 
before  they  tsU  ofl*.  It  is  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  is 
readily  propagated  either  by  seeds  or  cuttings  of  the  root  or  branches.  In  the 
London  nurseries  it  is  generally  propagated  by  seed. 


Order  XVI.     nTA'CE.;E. 

Okd.  Coar.     Calyx  small.     Prlah  4-  or  5.     Slameni  equal  in  number  to  the 

petals ;  filaments  distinct,  or  slightly  cohering  at  the  Ikiec.  Anthert  vcrss- 

tile.      Omrnini  9-celled.      Fndl  a  pulpy  berry.      iScrrfi  *  or  5,  fewer  by 


136  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTlCETliM    BRITANNICUM. 

Hbortion ;    embryo  erect ;  albumen  hard.  —  Climbing  ahruba,  with  tumid 
■(^jarable  joints. 

I.Ma>et  simple  or  compound,  opposite  or  alternate,  Rtipulole,  dedduous  ; 
the  lower  ones  oppoaite,  the  upper  alternate.  Flowen  axillary,  recemoee, 
■ometimeB  by  abortion  changing  to  tendrils,  which  are  generally  opposite  to 
the  leaves  ;  small,  green.  —  Shrubs,  trailing  and  climbing,  deciduous,  and 
iticludinR  the  grape  vine,  which  may  be  considered  as  the  type  of  the 
order.  The  gtnera  which  contain  hardy  species  ore  three,  which  are  thus 
concndistinguiBhed :  — 

fiVis.     Style  wanting.     Petals  b. 

Ahpbld'psis.     Style  I.    Petals  i. 

CVssus.     Style  1.     Petds4. 

Genus  I. 


[Z10Q 


n^TLS  L.     The  Or*pb  Vine.    Un.  Si/tl.  Pentandria  Mont^nia. 
-    -'        ■'iLGen.,lSl.',  DtcProd.,  I.  p.ai.i  Doo'i  MUU  I .  p.  GSB. 
1,  Cimc;  Vjd,  Sp«.<  VlgDcfV.  ;  Vlte,  ila(.TwMll,(3er. 

Gen.  Char.  Fluwert  hermaphrodite,  dicecious  or  tritEcioui.  Caifx  commonly 
5-toothed.  Peialt  5,  cohering  at  the  top,  separating  at  the  base,  and  de- 
ciduous. Slamem  5.  ( Dec.  ^rod.') —  Climbing  tendnted  shrubs,  deciduous ; 
natives  of  Asia  and  North  America. 

Leaoet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  lobed  or  serrated.  Floweri  in  thyr* 
soid  raceme*,  small,  end  of  a  greenish  yellow.  —  There  are  several  speoes  in 
British  gardens,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  grape  vine. 

J  1.  V.  viNt'PKRA  L.    The  wine^bearing  Vine. 

UmliJIcaliiKt.    Un.  Nhc.,  KH  ,  Dk  Prod.,  I.  p.  6SS.  I  Don'l  Hill.,  I.  p.  dSt. 
SmmfMo.    Vlgiw,  ri-.  i  gamelner  Webutock.  Orr,  i  VIK  di  Vtno,  IlaL 
Ei^irawii^t.     Duh.  Ail).  Pr,  «.  t.  IG.  (  Jic^.  k.,  l.p.SJ.;  ud  ovr A-  ISI- 

Spcc.  Char.yifc.  Leaves 

lobed,   toothed,   si- 

nuated,  or  serrated, 

naked     or    downy. 

{Dec.  Prod.)   A  de. 

ciduoua       tendril  ed 

climber.  Syria.  Stem 

aoft.  toSOft.    Cul- 
tivated in   I64H,  or 

probably    from   the 

lime  of  the  Romans. 

Flowers      greenish 

yellow,        scented ; 

June  and  July.  Fruit 

green,  red,  or  black ;  i 

ripe      in     October. 

I>ecaying  leaves  yel-  "'■  i»>t'i«^ 

low  or  red.     Naked  young  wood  ydlowish  brown, 
f'arictiet.     The  grape  vine  has  been  in  cultivation  from  the  remotest  period  of 

history,  in  the  warmest  parta  of  the  temperate  zones  of  tiie  Old  World. 

The  varieties  have  been  described  at  length  by  Du  Hamel  in  France,  Don 

lioxas  de  Clement!  in  S|iatn,  and  Sickler  in  Germany.   The  varieties  of  the 

vine  as  a  fruit  shrub,  and  all  that  rehitcs  to  their  propagation  and  culture, 

will  be  found  treated  of  in  our  Emydoptcdia  of  Gardcmng  ;  and  we  shall 


-     ■  -xn.  fita'ceA:  rC-ni.  137 

hera  only  notice  those  which  we  think  deaerriDg  of  cultivation,  aa  bmiu 
mental  aDd  frBerant-flowered  cUmben. 

1  V.  c  2fiiiuiac<inu.     Miller'i  Grape,  or  Miller'B  black  Cluster  Orape. 

—  Leaves  almoat  entire,  unall,  woolly,  and  whitish.     Fruit  rotuid, 

bidbII,  in  cdmpact  bunches,  black.  This  variety  i«  selected  on  account 

of  the  whiteness  of  its  leaves, 
-IV.   n.  3  JSOi   rvbttcintibta.      The    Claret  f 

Grape ;  Tenturier,  FY.  (N.  Du  Ham.,  var, ) 

75.,  not  Cleirette  Du  Htm.,  var.  IS.)  — 

Hie  leaves  are  larger  than  those  of  the 

preceding  variety,   and  more   lobed   and 

notched  :  in  the  autumn,  before  the;  die 

off,  they  change  to  a  deep  claret  colour,  in 

which  state  they  are  highly  ornamental. 
J  V.  D.  1   api/olia  lacoiid4a  L,    The  Parsley- 
leaved  Grape  Vine  i     Ciotat,   fV. ;     Vite 

d'Bgitto,   Ilai.   (j%.  182,)— The   leaves 

are  beautifully  lacmiated,  middle-dzed,  and       ,».  naKtaOnniiaia. 

the  fruit  black.  A  very  handsome  climbing 

shrub  which  has  been  in  cultivation  for  its  fruit  since  IS46. 

-I  2.  r.  Z,abru'bca  L.     The  wild  Vbe,  or  Fta  Crape. 

MnUtbsfiM.    Liu.  Spec,  m. ;  Dec.  Frod.,  1.  p.  SSL ;  Ddd'i  MIU,,  I.  p.  711.  i  Tor.  md  Cnr,  I< 

Sr-iaivma,    r.  uurlD*  WiOi.  \  aii<s«r  Wabi,  Orr, ;  AbivuinE,  IUi>. 
ittmlntl.    Viinn.  Icdp^  t.  1».  Bg.  1.  ;  Jaoq.  Scliim.,  t  4K  i  ud  mrjTg.  IS). 

Spec.Oua:,^c.  Sexes  ditecious  or  polygamous.   Leaves 

heart-shaped,  talher  3-lobed,  acutely  toothed  beneath, 

and  the  peduncles  tomentose  and  rather  rusty.   {Dec. 

Frod.)     Canada  to  Georgia.     Climbiiig  stem  10  ft.  to 

30  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.   Flowers  greenish  yellow  ; 

June  and  July.     Fruit  red  or  blacli ;  ripe  in  October. 

Decaying  leaves  brown  or  black. 
Vaneiie*.     Several  varieties,  with  red,  white,  or  black  jj 

fruit,  are  known  in  the  gardens  of  North  Americ^v 

from  which  wine  is  made  ;  such  as  the  Isabella,  Schuyl-  fl 

kill  or  Alexander's,  the  Catawba,  and  Bland's  Grape, 

which  have  doubtless  been  produced  from  seeds  of 

this  species.  (3V.  and  Gray.) 

Leaves  4  in.  to  6  in.  or  more  in  diameter,  often  distinctly  3-lobed,  short, 
mucTonate,  and  densely  tomentose  bmeath.  Berries  6 — 7  Imes  in  diameter, 
globose,  usually  very  dark  purple  when  ripe,  but  sometimes  amber-coloured  or 
greenish  white,  of  a  strong  musky  flavour,  and  filled  with  a  tough  pulp,  {Ibid.) 

1  3.  F.  sstiva'lis  JUkhx.     The  Summer  Vine,  or  Gn^  Fbie. 
MaHtfaHtm.    Mich..  Fl.  B«.  Annr„5.  p.  s«o.iD«.  Prod.,  1.  p.  estj  Don'i  HUL,  t.  p.  711.1 

■ttfiMMi™!      r.  VhlfM  iiBericItM  tlanli. :  V.  iDtinnUli  JAiU  \  hhI  Y.  pdmlU  VaU, 

JafHtfgi.    Jk.  Hon.  Bchcra.,  1.  *26.i  indoury^.  IM. 

§>M.  CAar.,  ijc.     Sexes  ditscious  or  polygamous. 
Leaves  broadly  heart-shaped,  with  from  3  to  3 
lobes;   the  under  surface  of  the  young  ones   '. 
invested  with  a  cottony  down;    of  the  adult 
ones,  smooth.   Racemes  fertile,  oblong.  Berries 
amall.  (Dec.  Prod.)    A  tendriled  climber.    Con- 
necticut to  Florida.     Stem  SOft.  to  30  ft.     In-  '"■  "'^■-'•k"^ 
troduced  in  1656.     Flowers  greenish  yellow  i  June.     Fruit  dark  blue :  ripe 
in  October. 
Lcave.1  tin.  to  7  in.  wide,  often  deeply  lobed,  with  the  amuses  rounded; 


138  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  DRITANNICUH. 

the  lower  iiuface,  particularly  in  the  young  state,  clothed  with  a  reddiih 
cobweb-like  pubesceace ;  when  old,  somewhat  glabrous.  Berries  3 — 1  lines 
in  diameter,  deep  blue,  of  a  pleasant  flavour  i  ripe  in  October.  (7\ir.  and 
Grav.)  Pa^iaps  onlj  a  variety  of  the  preceding  species.  F.  ^bniscdldes 
MM.  is  also  probably  a  aynonyme  or  a  Tuiety  of  that  species, 

X  i.  F.  coRDiFo'LiA  Mickj.  The  heart-iAape'-leaTed  Vine,  or  Ckidcen  Grape, 
MautfiauHm.    Hlchi.  F1.  Bn.  Anw.,  1.  p.  UL  i  Dk  Prod.,  1.  p.  U4. ;  Don't  MUL,  I.  p.  Til. ; 

Tor.  •ndCnj.l.p.Wl. 
SfKm^i.    r.  bicli*  Jacq.  Sdum.  t.  49T. ;  ^.  toIiiIu  tn.  Spa.  p.  B»,  tfaU.  Her.  Or.  Mt. ; 

winter  Gr^ifl  ;  Froil  Gr^M. 
B^r»Ai(i.    Jicq.  Scbcen,  [.WT.  1  UHlDiitjIj.  18B. 
i^pec.  Char.,  ^c.      Sexes  diiEcious   or   poly>  s 

ganKtuB.     Leaves  heart-shaped,  acuminate,  ' 

tootlied  in  the  mode  of  indsions,  smooth  i 

on  both  surges.     Racemes  loosely  many-  1 

flowered.     Berries  small,  greenish,  ripened 

laM.     (Bee.  Prod.)     A   tendriled   ehmber. 

Canada  to  Florida,  b  thickets  along  rivers. 

Stem  10  ft  to  soft.     Introduced  in  1806, 

Flowers  greenish   yellow  i    June.      Fruit  lu.  riUKuriiMt. 

greenish  j  ripe  in  NovemlKa'. 

Leaves  thin,  3  in.  to  6  in.  in  diameter,  often  slightly  3-lobed,  and  rarely 
sinuated.  Berries  nearly  black  when  mature,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  di' 
ameter,  ripening  late  in  autumn  ;  acid,  but  tolerably  well  flavoured  after  baving 
been  toucned  1^  irost.  {Tor.  aiidGrai/.) 

i  5.   V.  BiPA^iA  JUkkx.     The  river-ude,  or  tuieel.4eenled.  Vine. 

.iDuProd.,  1.  p.SU.|I>oa-i>Iin.,  1.  p.Tll. 
.1  .-.^   /._.  .   vftm  de  B»nun«,  ^BKr. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves  heart>«haped,  shallowly  3- 
cleft,  toothed   in   the   mode  of  indsions   and  un-  . 
equally.     Footstalk,  and  the  marein  of  the  nerves, 
pubescent.     Racemes  loose.      Fruit  small.  {Dec. 
Prod.)    A  tendriled  climber.     Canada  to  Vii^ia.  1 
Stem  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.    Introduced  in  1806.    Flowers  It 

Cnish  yellow,  with  the  &ap«nce  of  mignonette;  I^ 

!  antf  July.    Fruit  dark  purple,  or  amber ;  ripe  ) 

in  October. 

Leaves  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  diameter,  thin ;  teeth  very 
coarse,  acuminate.  Berry  3 — 4  lines  in  diameter. 
dark  purple,  or  amber  colour,  when  ripe.  (Tor.  and 
Grajf.)   ^  .  1-    V  ,„.  „B.H,^ 

1  6.  F.  ruLPi'N*  L.     The  Fox  Grape,  or  BuUet  Grape. 


Sxerat^.    Our  A.  187. 

Spec.  Char,,  ij'r.     Branches  minutely  vemicose.     Leave*  cordate,  shining  on 

hoth  suriaces,  somewhat  3-lob«l,  coarsely  toothed,  the  teeth  not  acuminate. 

Racemes  composed  of  numerous  capitate  nmbels.     Berries  large.    (Tor. 

and  Gray.)    A  tendriled  climber.  Virginia  to  Florida.    Stem  SO  ft.  to  30  ft. 

Introduced  b  1S06.    Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  June  and  July.    Fmit  deep 

blue ;  ripe  in  October. 

The  stem  of  this  species  has  a  smooth  bark,  and  climbs  to  the  summit  of 
some  of  the  highest  trees.  Leaves  2 — 3  in.  in  diameter ;  the  lower  surface 
more  shining  than  the  upper;  sinus  deep,  but  rather  acute.     Fruit  7 — 8  lines 


XVr.    riTA'cEfi  :    ANPELO'PSIS. 


in  diameter,  covered  with  a  cori»- 
ceoMs  inteeiiment,  the  flower  not  un- 
pletuBiit.  This,  according  to  Torrey 
find  Gray,  appears  to  be  the  original 
V.  vulpina  of  Linnxus. 


0/4«-  SjKcia  of  Vftii,  —  The 
Amaican  species  have  been  consi- 
derably reduced  in  number  by 
He«ar«.  Torrey  and  Qray;  but  it 
appears  to  us,  that  the  reduction 
might  bare  been  carried  stilt  farther. 
Some  species  are  described  aa  na> 
tives  of  the  Himalayas,  and  130 
varieties  are  noticed  by  Rafinesque 
in  his  Monograph  of  AmeriaiTi  Finei 
(see  Card.  Jl/i^.,  vol.  viii.p.SU.); 
but  they  are  not  yet  known  in  this 
country.  Indeed,  Irom  the  appeal^ 
ance  or  the  above-described  spcciea 
in  the  Hort.  Boc.  Garden,  we  are 
mudi  inclined  to  think  they  are 
only  varieties  of  the  same  species. 
They  certainly  do  not  differ  more 
from  each  other  than  the  known 
s  of  the  common  cultivated 


00 


AHPELOTStS  AKchx.    Tns  Aupblopsis.    Ltn.  Ht/if.  PentAndria 
Honog^nia 


Gen.  Char. 
capitate. 
Prod.} 


Calyx  almost  entire.     Felaii  5,  tailing  off  separately. 
Oeary  not  immersed  in  a  dbk,  including  8---4  ovules. 


ipound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;   palmate,  p 
Floicert  smalL  —  Tendriled  climbers,  natives  of  NortI 
rica.     The  npecies  in  British  gardens  are  two,  of  the  easiest  culture 
coininon  soil ;  and  one  of  them,  A.  iedericea,  is  among  themoit 
of  hardy  climbers. 


1   1.  A.  hsdbiia'cba  Michx.     The  Ivy-like  Ampelopus,  or  Five-leaved  Ivy. 

Utnl^laiHon,    Ulcbx.  Fl,  Bar.  Amtr..  1.  p.  lEOj^  D«.  Fend..  1.  p.  OS.  I  Don'i  NUl,  1'  p.  6M. 

''       ***.  FL  Amtr-  Srpt.  1.  p.  17D.  i  Cmiib  quinquefftllm  Hort-  Par-  \  (^lii  *«lerAc«l  WiUd. 

.     ...a.;     Amulfipili    QUIiKTUVl^lti  //»*.    FL  Dor.    AiitfT-  \-    1K-.    infl    7W.  4- Gr«|r  i 
I  Vl«^  Pr.  i  /uDlfsTD  Rcbm,  or  iHldtr  Wrtn,  tier.;  VIU  del  CniU,  llaL 
mgi.    Coniul.Clolui,  t  100.1  ■ndourj^f.  IBS. 

!^c.  Char.,  rjc.  Leaves  digitate,  of  from  3  to  5  leaflets,  that  are  stalked 
oblong,  toothed  with  mucronated  teeth.  Racemes  dichotomously  coryio- 
■      ;.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  tendriled  climber.    Canada  to  Oeor^a.    Stem  30  ft. 


?^%ai 


oaoft.. 


Introduced  in  1629.     Flowers  yellowish  green;  June 


140  ARBORETUX  ET    FRUTICEtUm  BRITANNICUM. 

and  JuIt.     Berry  black  or  dark  blue ;  ripe 
in  October.     Decaying  leaves  deep  purple 
or  red,  or  yellowisn  red. 
Variel^. 

X  A.    b,   i    }dnula    Tor.  &  Gray.     A. 
biraitta  Donn ;      CIsbue    Aedericea 
fi  birsiltB  PuriA. — Leaves  pubescent 
on  both  Bides,  leaflets  ovate.     The 
its  of  this  varie 
B  do  not  die  oi 
crimson  as  the  species. 
Stem  attaching  itself  to  trees  and  walls  by 
expansions  of  the  eitremitieB  of  the  tendrils. 
Panicle  many-flowered.    Petals  at  first  some- 
what cohering,  at  length  spreading.     Berry 
about  as  large  as  a  small  pea,  the  peduncles 
and  pedicels  bright  crimson ;  and  the  foliage 
in  autumn,  before  it  dies  off,  of  e  deep  crimeoD. 
The    most    vigorous^rowing   and   geaerally 
ornamental  climber  in  Europe.     It  thrives  in 
almost  every  soil  and  situation  from  Warsaw 

to  N^ilea,  and   in   town,  as  well  as  in   the  ,u    tniHiiH'titmrM 

country, 

.1  2.  A.  bipinha'ta  MuAc.     The  Inpinnate-iintiwi  Ampelopsis. 

UmlifyaUtm,    Mlchl.  Fl.  Bur.  Amsr.,  I.  p.  160.;  Sk.  Prod..  1.  n.  G>>.  i  Dm'l  HDl.,  I.  p.  8M. 
PtTI.  Sgit.  1.  B-  la.  «.  Ft.  Amrr.  Srfa.  I.  p.  ITO.  -.  Vile  dJCuTtllni,  Ilal. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  bipinnate,  smooth  ;  leaflets  cut  in  a  lobed  manner. 
Racemes  pedunculate,  almost  doubly  bifid.      Berries  globose  end   cream- 
coloured.  {^Dcc.  Prod.)     A  tendriled  climber.   Virginia  Co  Georgia.     Stem 
10 ft.  to  soft     Introduced  in  ITOO.      Fbwers  greenish  white;  June  to 
August.      Berry  black  ; 
ripe  in  October.   Decay- 
ing leaves  purplish  red, 
sometimes  yellowish  red. 
Stem  upright,  or  some- 
what    twining,     glabrous. 

Panicle    short,    spreading, 

and  without  tendrils.  Berry 

globose,  d«ires5ed,  as  large  ^ 

as   a  small    pea,    blacki^ 

when  ripe,   Biightly   huiry. 

(l^r,  and  Gnn/-)     A  very 

handsome  chmber,  of  easy 

culture,  and  much  admired 

for  the  beauty  i>f  its  foliage. 

Compared   with    A.  Aede- 

racea,  it  is  of  slow  growth,  '»■  Amp.ia^iii|fcBai.. 

the  shoots  in  the  climate  of  London  bring  seldom  more  than  18  in.  or  8  ft.  in 

Olher  Spedei  of  AmpelSptU.  —  A.  incita,  Kitis  iiiclsa  tfull.,  is  described  in 
Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora;  but  we  are  not  aware  of  its  having  been  introduced. 
J.  cordita  JVficir.  (the  Cissus  Ampelilpsia  of  Persoon,  and  Htia  indivJsa  of 
Willdenow)  IS  described  in  the  first  edition  of  this  work ;  but,  as  we  consider  it 
a  very  doubtful  species,  we  have  omitted  it  in  this  abridgement,  A.  capreoli  a 
G.  Don,  nds  cBpreolftta  D.  Don,  and  A.  bdtrya  Dec.,  are  also  omitlcd,  as  WX 
having  been  yet  introduced. 


XVI.     FfTACEX.      XPII.    XAMTHOXYLA'CES. 


a 


Ct'SSUS  L.    Thb  CissuB.    im.  Syil.  Tetrindria  Monogjnia. 

UtrMcaUm.    Lm.  Cm.,  No.HT.i  Det  Pro*,!.  ]>.  flsn,  j  Don'i  MUl,,!.  p.8w. 

^mmumei.    HmftibfUt,  ud  ntl>  In  put.  .  .   ,        .        , 

If^ZSm.    J!iJ^fftKO(«kIl«I»orU«l.»,wbfcbttw»plMBt.  In  10111.  niMMrnMinbta. 

Cm.  Oar.     Ciify»   almoU  entire,     Prtaif   4,  fulling  off  Bepanilelr.     Ooan/ 
4-cdled.     Brrty  1— 4-TCeded.  {Dec.  Prod.) 

Leavet  compound,  alternBte,  ezsti- 
puUte,  dedduoui ;  tnlbtiate.  flowm 
axUlarj,  amaL,  greenub.  Fhdt  a  berry. 


^  1.  C.  ORiBNTt1.is.    The  oriental 

CixmiB,  or  Imf  Viae. 

UnHfaUom.    Lu.    tU.  p-M.   I>aDl  HDI^  1. 


&l>ec.Cliar.,^c.  LesTes  bipiDDate,amooth  j 
leaflets  ovate,  Beirated.  (Om',  MM.) 
A  deoduous  climber.  Levant.  Stem 
5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introd.  in  IB18.  Flow- 
ers yellowith  green  ;  June  and  Juljr. 
Berry,?. 

Wb  hare  onlv  leen  the  plant  bearing 
thii  name  in  tne  collection  of  Mesara. 
Loddiges,  from  whicb  our  lipire  is  taken, 
and  which,  as  it  does  not  agree  very  well 
with  the  q>ecific  character,  is  perbuii 
not  the  true  plant.  At  aU  eroita,  the 
plant  figured  ■•  handsome,  and  as  rigo- 
roua  and  hardy  as  Anipel^)aiE  bipinnita. 


Order  XVH.    XANTHOXYLA'CE^. 

Ojis.  Ceab.     Ftaaert  unisexual,  t^ular.     Calyx  in  3 — 6  dividons.     Pelab 

the  same  number,  knger  than  the  calyx  ;  tettivation  generally  twiited. 

Slametu  equal  in   numter  to  the  petals ;  in  the  female  dowers  wantii^  or 

imperfect.     Ooary  with  as  many  carpelB  as  there  are  petali.     Fndt  either 

berried  or  membranoua. — Trees  or  gorubs,  chieHy  natives  of  warm  climates. 

(LmdL) 

Leoeet  compound,  •Itenate  or  opiKWte,  without  stipules ;  abruptly  or 

unequally  [Hnnatej    with    pellucid  dots.     Plowen  axillary    or   terminal; 

grey,  green,  or  pink.  —  The  ipecies  in  British  gardens  are  compriaed  in 

uiree  genera,  which  are  thus  contradistinguiahed  :  — 
Xantbo'ztluii  Ij.     Flowers  bisexual.    Carpels  I — 5,  B-valved.    Leaves 

abruptly  and  impari-pinnate. 
^B^EA  L.     Flowers  biaexual.  Fruit  compreased,  % — 3-celledj  cells  winged. 

Leaves  of  3  leaflets,  rarely  of  5  leafleta. 
AiL^KTUS  Detf.    Flowers  polygamous.  Carpels  8 — £,  membranous.    Leares 

abruptly  or  tmpiiri.pinnate. 


ABBORETOM   F-T   FRUTICETUM    BBITAKNICUM. 


Hi: 


Ml 

XANTHCyXYLUM  L..  and  H.  B.  ei  Klh.  The  Xanthoxtlum,  or 
TooTHACBE  Tree.     Lin.  Syil.  Dice'da  Tri-I'ent4ndria. 

mil.  Grr.;  SuitauUo.  Hal. 

Gen.  Char.  Cafyi  short,  3 — 1-parted.  Pelait  equal  in  number  to  the  lobes 
ofthe  calyx,  but  longer,  very  rarely  wanting. — Malefiovieri.  Siament  equal 
in  number  with  the  petals. — Female  Jlouiert,  Sianumi  sometimes  wantmg> 
or  7cry  short.  Otiariet  i — I,  Bornetimes  equal  in  number  to  the  petals. 
Capntltt  1 — 5,  1 — S-seeded.  SceiU  glolMse,  dark,  shining.  {Don't  MiU.) 
Lrfavei  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  pinnately  3 — 13-folio- 
late,  FlovKTt  aiiUery,  small,  greenish  or  whitish.  Injloreioence  various, — 
Deciduous  low  trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  North  America,  with  prickles  on 
the  branches,  petioles,  and  midrib  of  the  leaflets.  The  species  in  British 
gardens  are  of  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  are  easily  propagated 
by  seeds,  layer*,  or  cuttings  of  the  roots. 

I  •  1.  X.  Praxi'nbum  Wm.     The  Ash-imiwJ  Xanthoxylum,  or  common 


XVII.    XANTHOXYLA^CEiE  :    PTeYeA.  143 

Mentificatton,    WUld.  Sp.«  4.  p. 757. ;  Dec.  Prod..  ].  p. 7K. ;  Don'i  MilL,  I.  p.  801 

Svnoiwmes.    Zanth^zylum  ramlll5rum  Mick.  Fl.  B.  A.  i.  p.  S36. ;  Z.  CUra  H^rculb  var.  Lm.  Sp. 

1465.,  Lam.  Diet,  8.  p.  S8.;   Z.  amerlctoum  MUL  Did.  No.  8.,  and  Tor.  AGraif,  1.  p.  814. ; 

Z.  mlteWiUd,  Eumm. ;  Z.  carllMB^uiii  GtBrt,  Frnd-^  but  not  of  Lam. ;  Z.  tricirpum  £foo«.  not  of 

Iflchx. ;  ClaTalier  k  Feuillet  do  Fr*no,  Fr,  i  Eichen-blattrlgM  Zabnwehbols,  Ger. ;  Prickly 

A«h,  Amer.  t  Frasiino  ipinoso,  lUU. 
JSt^fraviM,   Da  Ham.  Arb.,  1.  t.  97. ;  the  plate  of  this  tpedet  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  toI.  t.  ;  and 

Spec,  Char.y  8fc,  Leaves  pinnate,  of  4  to  5  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  an  odd  one ;  the 
leaflets  ovate,  obscurelv  sawed,  e<|ual  at  the  base ;  the  petiole  round,  and  de- 
void of  prickles ;  prickles  in  the  situation  of  stipules.  Flowers  in  tuullary 
umbels,  without  petals.  {I}ec,  Prod.,  i.  p.  726,  727.)  A  low  deciduous 
tree  or  shrub.  Canada  to  Virginia.  Height  10ft.  to  Id  ft.  Introd.  1740. 
Flowers  yellowish,  with  red  anuers ;  April  and  May.  Seeds  large,  bkck ;  ripe 
in  September.  Decaving  leaves  yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  asn- 
coloured  and  greenish. 

Variety, 

S  A  X.  f.  3  virgimcum,  the  X.  virg!nicum  of  Lodd.  Cat.,  of  which  there  is 
a  plantin  the  garden  of  the  London  Horticultural  Society*  and  several 
in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  appears  to  us  only  a  variety 
of  X.yraxineum;  probably  the  same  as  X.  (/.)  tric4rpum. 

£  A  2.  X.  (f.)  tbica'rpum  ilfic^.  The  three-fruited  Xanthoxylum,  or  Tootk" 

ache  TVee, 

IdaUifieaHom.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  8.  p.  835. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  786. ;  Don*s  MilU  !•  p'  803. 
Sgmmi/ma,    Z.  caroUnULnum  Lam.,  Ttfr.  ^  Grt^,  1.  p.  814. ;  Pagira  /raxlnlfbUa  Lam,   III.  1. 

t.33i. 
Engraringt,    Lam.  ni.,  1. 1.  884. ;  and  our^.  199L 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.  Leaves  pinnate ;  the  leaflets  3 
to  5  pairs,  and  an  odd  one,  all  on  short  stalks, 
oblong  oval,  acuminate,  finely  sawed,  oblique  at 
the  base.  Petioles  and  branches  prickly.  Pa- 
nicles terminal.  Petals  5.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  low 
tree  or  shrub.  North  Carolina  to  Florida. 
Hdght  ijOft.  tol5ft.  Introd.  1806.  Flowers 
greenish  ;  June.    Seeds  lai^e,  black  ;  ripe  Oct. 

Leaves  and  bark  very  aromatic  and  putieent. 
Prickles  very  sharp.  The  bark  of  this  and  the 
preceding  species  is  imported  from  New  York, 
and  sold  in  Covent  Garden  Market  as  a  cure  for 
the  rheumatism.  Probably  a  variety  of  the  pre- 
ceding species. 


19S.    Xanthdsjhun  trieAipam. 


Other  Species  of  Xanth6xylum,-^X,  mite  WUld,,  treated  as  a  species  by 
6ome  authors,  is  made  a  synonyme  of  X.yraxineum  by  Torrey  and  Gray,  and 
it  probably  bears  the  same  relation  to  that  species  that  Gleditschta  inermis 
does  to  G.  triacanthos.  Our  opinion  is,  that  ttiere  is  only  one  species  of  the 
genus  in  British  gardens. 

Genus  II. 


SQ 


i'TE^LEA  L,   The  Ptelba,  or  Shrubby  Trefoil,    lAn,  Sysi,  Monos'da 

Tetr&-Pentandria. 


Gen,  Char,     Calyx  short,  4—5  parted.     PetaU  4—5,  longer  than  the  calyx. 
— Male  flowert.     Stamens  4f— -5,  longer  than  the  petals. — Fetnale  flowers. 


144  ARBORETtlH   ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITAKNICUM. 

Stonwiu  4—5,  Ter;  short.     Style  ahort.     FruU  compresied,    indebicceiit, 
■amBTB-like,  turgid,  2 — 3-celled.     SeeiU  oblong.  {Don'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  compound,  alternate,  Btipulate.  deciduous  ;  pinnate,  A-  nrely  5- 
foliolate,  with  pellucid  dott,  the  Uterol  leaflets  inequilateral.  Flower» 
whitiib,  c^oK :  cymei  corymbed  or  panicled.— Deciduous  shrubs  or  low 
trees,  natives  of  North  America  and  Asia.  There  is  only  one  Bpedet  in 
British  ^rdens,  which  is  of  the  eaiiest  culture,  and  is  propagated  by  seeds 
and  cuttings,  put  in  in  autumn,  and  coTered  with  a  band  gfass. 

1  ■  I.  F.  TfLifOLiATA  L.     The  ikretyUafieUd  Ptelea,  or  Shrubby  Trrfiil. 
Idimimaakm.    Us.  Sp.,  in.  i  WUld.  9p.  Fl„  i.  sm  i  D«t.  Fnid.,  t.  p.  Sl  i  Dm-i  KUI.,  i.  p.  M&  i 

Tor.  ud  Onr,  I.  p.  il\ 
Syninuima.    OnMda  Sunart*  1  troll  FriUIh,  JV.  {  drnrbliiUrlls  Ltnlerblunia.  Srr. 
J&irniHiW'    IXU.  BIUl,  I.  in, ;  SohBUi  Aib.,  L  t,  ;s.  i  aMpUUlnjIrti.  Bilt„]it.  «Ut.,TDl.T.j 

udourA.  IM. 

Spec.  Char,,  Ifc.  Leaf  of  three  leaflets  that  are  ovate  acute,  the  middle  one 
much  tapered  towards  its  base.  Flowers  in  coj^mbs,  usually  tetrandroui'. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree  or  shrub.  Lake  Brie  to  Florid  and  Teias. 
Height  efl.to  10ft.  Introd.  1701.  Flowers  whitish;  June  and  Julyj 
CfU)nilea  greenish  ;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  of  a  remarkably  clear 
rich  yellow.    Naked  young  wood  dark  purplbb  brown. 

imp.  I.  a  pentaph^Ua  Munchh.  has  5  leaflets,  H.  8. 
¥  ■  P.  (.  3  pubitctiu  Purah  has  the  leaflets  pubescent. 


^^^::^' 


fcund  OS  a  large  shrub,  with  numerous  stems  proceeding  from  the  rootstock. 
The  shoots  and  leaves  pubescent  when  young.  Orary  of  the  staminate 
flowers  abortive.  Odour  of  the  flowers  disagreeable.  Capsules  with  flattened 
wings,  somewhat  resembling  those  of  the  elm. 

OUur  Specie!  of  Piilea.  —  P.  Baldwliai  is  described  by  Torrey  and  Gray  as 
a  shrub  not  more  then  a  foot  high,  but  it  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 


'CE£.       XVIII.    COniAVEjE, 

Genus  III. 


AlLA'NTVS  Deflf.     Thb  Ailinto.      tm.  Syil.  Pol^mia  MontEci 


lulling  or  tbe  iborlglnBL  wi 


OirhiUiw.    AlUulo  <>  Ul«  ume  of  ^iJiinHii  glindultu  Dtif.  Id  t) 

£^«i.  C^or,  Maieflmeert.  Calyx  5  cleft.  Pefub  5,  longer  than  the  calyx. 
Stameat  10,  the  5  opposite  the  petals  shortest.  Ihik  central. — Hermajihro. 
dUe,  or  femalt,  fiowert.  Calyz,  pelaU,  and  diil  as  in  the  male,  but  with 
fewer  staiueiia.  Ovaria  3—5,  distinct.  Samarix  3 — 5,  oblong  ;  l^celled, 
I-seeded.  (Don't  Miil.) 

i>ac«compound,HlteraBte,eEstipulBte,deciduouE;impari-pinnate.  F/oweri 
terminal,  small,  greenish.  —  One  species,  a  deciduous  tree  Irom  China. 
3  I.  A.  olanduld's&  Deif.     The  glandulous-^aivil  Ailanto. 

/ifaMAtuMM.    Dof.  A 


Jit;  ArUlB1h»  gLuidti 
«.l.,&™d.BaL.L ,_ ___., 

Spec,  Char.r^c.  Leaves  impari-pinnate;  the  leaflets  coarsely  toothed  at  the 
base  -,  the  teeth  glandulous  on  the  under  aide,  (Dec,  ProdJ^  A  large  tree. 
North  of  China.  Hdght  50ft.to60ft.  Introd,  1751.  Flowers  whitish 
green,  exhaling  a  disagreeable  odour;  August.  Capsules  like  the  keys  of 
the  ash,  but  smaller  ;  npe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  brownish,  but  drop- 
ping with  the  first  frost,  without  any  great  change  of  colour.  The  leaflets 
often  leparatiog  from  the  petiole  of  the  leafj  and  leaving  it  for  some  weeks 
attached  to  the  tree.  Nwied  young  wood 
rusty  brown,  without  buds. 
The  leaves  on  vigorous   young  trees  are 

sometimes  C  h.  in  length.     The  rniit,  whicli 

has  been  ripened  at  White  Knights,  resembles 

the  keys  of  the  ash,  but  is  smaSer.     The  tree 

grows  with  great  rap'  "      " 

12  years,  produciug  si ...   ._    

in  length  at  fint,  and  attaining  the  h^ght  of  | 

15  or  80  feet  in  5  or  6  years,  in  favourable' 

situations.     Afterwards  its   growth  is  much 

slower.    It  grows  in  any  soil,  though  one  that! 

is  light  and  somewhat  humid,  and  a  sheltered ' 

situation,  suit  it  beat.    In  France,  it  is  said  to 

thrive  on  chalky  soils,  and  attain  a  large  size 

where  scarcely  any  odier  tree  will  nvw.     It 

is  reaiUly  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots. 


Section  IV. 

FniU  gynohaiic ;  OsUa,  huertcd  hlo  a  JUihy  Receptacle,  mlh  which  the  Style 

it  confinuou;. 

Order  XVIII,     CORIA'CEiE. 

Okd,  CH4R.  Floaen  either  hermaphrodite,  monctdous,  or  dicecloua.  Calyx 
campaautate,  departed.  FelaU  5,  Stament  10.  Carpeh  5.— Low  shruhs 
natives  of  temperate  and  warm  climates. 


I4(»  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM   BKITANNICUM. 

Iieavei  aimple,  opposite  or  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  j  entire. 
Budt  tCttXy.  Flowen  in  terminal  and  axillury  racemes.  Fruit  in  some 
poisonous,  in  others  edible.  —  There  :■  only  one  hardy  genus,  C^ri&ria ;  tbe 
species  of  which  are  low  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  A^a. 


□ 


(?0RIA^RIA  Nht.     Tab  Coriakia.     Lin.  Sytt.  Due'cU  Dec&sdria. 

UnttifcMoK.    NiH,  In  Act  Pit.  1111.  L  IS,  ;  D«c  tni..  1.  p>  TXL  g  DoD'l  H1U.,I.|L  SIB. 
Ofnoiv^tet,    Bfldoul.  Ft.  -,  Gcrbenlrmiicli,  Oer. 

Gen.  CAor.  FUteert  either  hermaphrodite,  moniEcioug,  or  dioecious. 
Calyx  5-partecl.  Petalt  5,  sepaloid,  smaller  than  the  lobes  of  the  calyx. 
Slamtru  10,  hypogynous,  5  between  the  lobes  of  the  calyx  and  the  angles  of 
the  ovarium,  5  between  the  petals  and  the  tiirrows  of  the  ovarium.  Artlhen 
bursting  by  longitudinal  slits.  Sl^U  none.  Stigmai  5,  long,  awl-aihaped. 
Carpelt  5,  Surrounding  a  fleshy  axis ;  when  ripe,  close  together,  but  separate 
not  opening,  l-seeded,  surrounded  with  glandular  lobes.  (Lmdl.) 

Lcavei  simple,  opposite,  exatipuUte,  deciduous ;  3-nbbed.  SrantAet 
equate,  opposite.  —  Low  suSruticose  shrubs,  of  easy  culture  in  common 
soU,  and  propagated  by  division  of  the  root 

^  1.  C.  Wrtifo'lu  L.     The  Myrtle-leaved 

IdeiUHIaill'm.    Un.  Sp.,  I4$T.  i  Dae.  Prod., l.p.ns.i  Don'i  Kill..  I . p.  Bl 
afjum^ma.    Fuuel  du  Cornraun.  or  Reloul  k  FauUlta  da  Un<e>  rr. 

F.iitr"iiV- '  I-^'  ni,  t.  SSl.  I  WlU.  Dand.  Brll.,  t.  IDS.  I  (od  oaifit-  1^- 

Spec.  Char.,  4^.     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
thrce-ncrved,    on    short    footstalks,     glabrous. 

Flowers   in   radier   upright 

racemes.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  - 

low,  deciduous,  sufiruticosc 

shrub,   consisting  of  nume- 
rous    suckers.      South    of 

Europe,  and  the  North  of 

Africa.    Height  9  ft.  to  3  fi. 

Introduced  16S9.     Flowers 

greenish ;  May  to  August.  lu.  CDniniionMu. 

Carpels  in  the  form  of  a 

berry,  black ;  ripe  in  October.     Leaves  drop  off  of  a 

brownish  green. 

Found  in  hedges  and  waste  places,  throwing  np  nume- 
rous suckers.  An  ornamental  underahrub,  chiefly  re- 
markable for  its  myrtle-like  leaves,  and  the  handsome 
frond-like  tbnn  of  its  branches.     Suckers  in  any  com- 

OlieT^ieriet  of  Conaria.— C.  nepalentii  Wall.  PI.  As. 

I  Rar.  t  S89.,  andour^.  196.,  from  a  specimen  gathered 

iH.  ciMvuMb.        '"  ^^  Hort.  Soc.  Oardens,  a  native  of  N^al,  at  heights 

of  from   5000  fl.  to  7000  ft.,   appears  to  be  quite  hardy, 

and  of  robust  growth.     C.  larmenldta  Forst-,  from  Hew  Z^land,  is  probably 

hardy  also,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced. 


XIX.  staphyleaVe^  :  staphyle^a.  147 

Subclass  II.     CALYCIFLO'RiE. 

Petals  separaie,  inserted  in  the  Calyx, 

Order  XIX.    STAPHYLEAXEiE. 

Ord.  Char.  Sepals  5,  connected  at  the  base,  coloured,  with  an  imbricated 
aestiyation.  Petais  5,  alternate.  Stamens  5.  Disk  large.  Ovaty  2 — 3-celled. 
Fruit  membranous  or  fleshy.  —  Shrubs,  natives  chiefly  of  warm  climates. 
(lAndl.) 

Leaves  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous,  ^ifetwr^  terminal. 
Fruit  a  bladdery  capsule.  —  The  only  hardy  ligneous  plants  belonging  to  this 
order  are  containecl  in  the  genus  Staphylea. 

Genus  I. 


STAPHYLE^A  L,    The  Staphylea,  or  Bladjdsr-nut  Tree,  Lin.Syst- 

Pentandia  Di-Trig/nia. 

IdemtifieaiiOH.    T  in.  Oca,  Na  S74. ;  Dec.  Prod.  S.  ]i.  2. ;  Don'i  Mffl.,  2.  p.  2. 

IhfmmgmeB.    Staphylodtedron  Tomm, ;  Staphlller,  ftuz  PUtachier,  Fr. ;  PlmpeitiuM.  Oer. ;  Sta- 

DtrwaUom.  Abridged  fWmi  Staphylodtednm,  its  name  before  the  dm  of  LIuiueui,  dertTed  from 
itmkmll,  a  bunch  or  duster,  and  demdrtm,  a  tree ;  the  flowers  and  fruits  being  di«poeed  in  clusters, 
and  the  friant  being  ligneous. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  of  5  coloured  sepab,  connected  at  the  base,  in  aestiva- 
tion imbricate.  Petals  5,  in  aestivation  imbricate.  Stamens  5,  perig}'nous, 
alternate  with  the  petals,  and  opposite  the  sepals.  A  large  urceolate  disk, 
or  nectary,  within  the  corolla.  Ovarium  2-  or  3-celled,  superior.  Fruit 
membraneous.  Seeds  with  a  bony  testa,  and  a  large  truncate  hilum.  (LindL) 
Leaves  compound,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  pinnate,  with  both  com- 
mon and  partial  stipules.  Flowers  in  terminal  stalked  racemes.  —  Two 
hardy  species,  low  trees  or  shrubs  ;  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America, 
of  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  propasated  by  seeds,  which  ought 
to  be  sown  as  aoon  as  they  are  ripe,  or  by  cuttings. 

A  2  1.  S.  TRiFo^LiA  L.    The  three-leayed  Staphylea,  or  Bladder^ut  TVee, 

Jdemt(fleaUoiK    Lin.  Spi,  386. :  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  2. ;  Don's  Mill.,  1  p.  2. ;  Tor.  and  Gray,  1.  p.  26S. 
Sfmom§fmam    Stulillier  S  FeuiUes  temtes,  Fr, ;  VlrglDische  Pimpemosa,  Otr. 
Emgranim^,    Scnmidt  Baum.,  t.  81.  s  our>^.  197.  in  flower,  and>^.  19S.  in  (hdt 

Spec,  Char,^  S^c,  The  leaf  of  3  leaflets,  which  are  ovate,  acuminate,  regularly 
sawed,  and,  when  young,  pubescent ;  the  style  smooth;  the  capsule  bindery. 
(^Dec,  Prod,)    A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.    Canada  to  South  Carolina, 

and  west  to  Arkansas,  in  moist  places.    Height  6  ft. 

to  12ft.   Introduced  in  1640.    Flowers  whitisn;  May 

and  June.   Nuts  globose,  in  a  bladdery  capsule,  white ; 

ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 

greenish  yellow. 

Branches  slender,  smooth,  and 
dotted.  Petioles  pubescent  above. 
Partial     stipules    mostly     none.  ^ 

Petals  obovate-spatulate,  ciliate  at  tf 
the  base.  Stamens  rather  exserted ;  1| 
filaments    hairy  below  ;   anthers  ^m.  s.  Mftua. 

cordate;  the  lobes  somewhat  united  at  the  tip.  Capsule  2  in.  long;  the  carpels 
(sometimes  4)  distinct  at  the  summit,  tipped  with  the  persistent  styles,  and 
opening  by  the  inner  suture;  seeds  smooth  and  polished,  all  but  one  oflen 
abortive.  (Torrey  and  GrayJ)  When  not  trained  to  a  single  stem,  this  shrub 
throws  out  abundance  of  snoots  resembling  suckers  from  the  collar ;  but,  \i 

L  2 


ttuucry  cujisuie,  wniie , 


148  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

theaebe  removed  as  tbey  are  produced,  it  will  form  n  very  hondaome  low  ircc. 
Sc«d4,  BuckerB,  lasers,  or  cuttings,  in  an;  common  loil,  kept  moist.     The 
largest  plants  of  this  species,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Londou,  ere  at  Syon. 
The  pmntaed-leaerd  Staphylea,  or  Biadder-nui  TWe. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  piaiiate,  of  5 — 7  oblong,  perfectly  glabrous,  serrate 
leaflets;  the  flowers  in  racemes ;  the  capsules  membranous  and  bladde^-. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  Shrub  or  low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  and  ?  England  in 
hedges.  Height  eft.  to  18 ft.  Flowers  whitish ;  May  and  June.  Nuta 
globose  white,  in  a  bladdery  capsule;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  greenish,  with  green  buds. 
A  smooth  branching  shrub,  throwing  up 

many   side  suckers,  in   gardens  often  from 

6ft.  to   lift,  high,  and  exhibiting  a  much 

more  luxutiant  growth  than  the  preceding       .> 

species.    The  nuta,  in  someparts  of  Europe, 

are  strung  for  beads  by  the  Roman  Cathohca. 

The  kernels  taste  like  those  of  the  pistada, 

and  are  eaten  in  Germany  by  children.    The      y 

flowers  contain  a  great  deal  of  honey,  and    ^ 

are  very  attractive  to  bees.     In  the  London 

nurseries,  the  pian»  is  generally  cultivated  by 

aide  suckers,  Dy  cuttings  put  in  during  the  j^^ 

month   of  September,   or  by  seeds,  which        V/      f^ 

are  ripened  in  abundance.     The  seeds  ought  Uj 

to  be  sown  as  soon  us  they  arc  ripe  i  be- 

cause,  as  they  contain  an  oil,  they  very  soon  "°'  *^  —  ■ — — 

become  rtuicid.    They  will  come  up  the  followtiu  Juite,  with  two  large,  lance- 
shaped,  seotinBl  leaves  ;  though  sometimes  they  £>  not  come  up  for  two  years. 


Q 


Order  XX.     CFXASTRA'CE^. 

Ono,  Char,     Sepalt  4 — 6  :  aestivation  imbricate.  Pflalt  4 — G.  Slamctij  i 6, 

alternate   with  the   petals,   onposite   the  aepala,   indistinctly   perigynuus. 

Orary  superior,  free,  ^rded  with  a  fleshy  diak,with  S — *  cells.    OdhJtj  erect, 

rarely  pendulous.     Fruit   capsular,  baccate,   drupaceous,   or  samarideous. 

Scedi,  m  most,  attended  with  an  aril.  (Lmdl.) 

Jjcavei  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  generally  stipulate,  deciduous,  or 

evergreen,     Floaeri  whitish   or  greenish,  in  axillary  cymes.  —  Shrubs  or 

low  trees,  generally  deciduous ;  natives  of  bolb  hemiapherea. 

The  sp^es  are 'chiefly  remarkable  for  the  form  and  colours  of  their  fruilsi 
their  flowers  btang  neither  large  nor  showj;,  nor  their  propertiea  vJuable  in 
medicine,  or  general  economy.  All  the  spedea  are  readily  increased  by  Uyers, 
by  cuttings  struck  in  sand,  or  by  seeds  in  any  common  soil.  The  genera 
containing  hardy  species  are  Eudnymaa,  CeUatrus,  and  Nemop&ntbes,  which 
are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 
i'uo'NTiius  3^ui7i.    Sexes  mostlji  hermaphrodite.   Fruit  a  dehiscent  capsule, 

of  3— 5  cells.    Seed  with  an  ani.    Leaves  mostly  opposite, 
Cela'stbus  L.     Seiea  mostly  hermaphrodite.      Fruit  a  dehiscent  capsule 

of  2 — 3-cell3.     Seed  with  an  aril.     Leaves  alternate. 
Nbnopa'hthes  Rafin.  Sexea  polygamous  or  dioscioua.     Fruit  an  ir 

berry 


XX.    CELASTRACEA:    EUo'uVMVS. 


EUO'MYMUS   Taum.     Thb    Evdnvhus,  or  Spisble  Tree.     Lin.  Si^l. 
Tetra-Hex-^Ddria  Monog^nia. 

.;  Don-iUlll.l 


GcB,  Char.  Caiyx  4 — 5-lobed,  flat,  covered  by  the  peltate  dUk  at  the  base. 
Pelalt  4 — 6,  spreading,  inserted  in  the  disk.  Slameiu  4 — 6,  inserted  above 
the  disk  in  rather  prominent  glands.  CaptaU  3 — 5-celled,  3 — dangled. 
Seedt  1 — 1  in  each  cell,  and  wrapped  in  pulp  or  ariL  (DotCi  Mil/J) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  serrate.  SlipuJa  mostly  none.  Pedundci  axil- 
lary, 1 — many-flowered.  Infloracence  cymose.  —  Deciduous  shnitis  or  low 
trees ;  sometiniei  trailing,  or  climbing  by  rootlets. 


Spindle  Tree. 


Spec.  <^ar^i[C.  Brenchei  smooth.  Leaves  lanceoIate-OTBte,very  finely  sawed. 
Flowers  about  3  upon  one  peduncle;  the  petals  obtoog,  rather  acute.  Lobes 
of  (he  capsule  obtuse.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  low  tree. 
Europe  and  Britain,  in  hedges  and  copse  woods.  Height  6 II.  to  12  (t. 
Flowers  greenish  white;  May,  Fruit  scarlet,  produced  in  great  abundance. 


150 


ARBORETUM    £T  FRUTIC£TUM  BRITANNICUM. 


and  very  showy ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  reddish.  Naked  young 
wood  green  or  reddish  green. 

Varietiet, 

It  m^,  e.2  la&foUus  Lodd.  Cat.  has  rather  broader  leaves  than  the  species. 
S  A  E.  ff.  3  fouit  variegdtit  Lodd.  Cat.  has  variegated  leaves,  but  never 

looks  healthy. 
1  A  E.  tf.  ^friuctu  dlbo  Lodd.  Cat.  has  white  capsules. 
M  R,e,  5  nanus  Lodd.  Cat.  is  a  dwarf-growing  plant. 
Nos.  8.  and  4.  of  these  varieties  are,  in  our  opmion,  alone  worth  culti* 
vating. 

Roots  numerous  and  whitish,  forming  a  dense  mass  of  network,  and  not 
extending  to  a  great  distance  from  the  stem.  The  branches  are  numerous 
and  opposite ;  and  the  wood  hard  and  fine-grained.  The  leaves  and  bark 
are  acnd,  poisonous,  and  fetid  when  bruised.  The  capsules  are  of  a  fine 
rose  colour,  except  in  the  white-capsuled  variety,  and  the  seeds  are  each 
invested  with  an  aril  of  a  fine  orange  colour.  In  a  state  of  cultivation  the 
tree  attains  the  height  of  30  ft.  or  upwards,  and,  though  almost  entirely  neg- 
lected in  pleasure-grounds,  it  forms  a  singularly  handsome  object  in  autumn, 
when  covered  with  its  ripe  fiiut.    Seeds ;  in  any  common  soil  not  over  mobt. 

t  m  2,  E.  VKRRUCO^us  Scop,    The  yfartedrbarked  Euonymus,  or  Spindle 

Tree. 


t  DoD'a  MIU.p  a.  pi  4. 


Jdeni^caUom,    Soop.  Cam.,  ed.  S.  No.  968. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  4. 
SynoiiyfMV.    E.  europa^ui  leprdtua  Lm. ;  Fiualn  galeux,  ou 

rroqueaz,  Fr.  ;  wanlnr  SpindeU»um,  Qcr. 

rmnngw.    "Soar.  Do  Ham.,  8.  t.  8. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  t.  79* ; 
vad  aux  Jig.  901. 

S^e.  Char.^^c.  Branches  warted  with  prominent 
lenticular  glands.  Leaves  ovate,  slightlv  ser- 
rate. Flowers  three  on  a  peduncle.  Fetals 
ovate.  Capsule  bluntly  4-comered.  (Dec, 
Prod,)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Austria, 
Hungary,  and  Camioia.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft. 
Introduced  in  1763.  Flowers  purplish  brown ; 
May  and  June.  Fruit  reddish  purple  ;  ripe 
in  September.  Decaying  leaves  reddish  green. 
Naked  young  wood  green,  with  brown  and 
white  spots. 

A  shrub  of  somewhat  fastigiate  habit  of  ^wth, 
with  rough  warty  branches.  This  species  is  culti- 
vated in  collections  chiefly  for  the  singularity  of  its 
appearance,  being  among  spindle  trees  what  the 
warted  ash  is  among  ash  trees.  It  ripens  seeds, 
and  is  readily  increased  by  cuttings. 

t  A3,  E,  LATiFO^Lius  C,  Bouh,      The  broad-leaved  Euonymus,  or  Spindle 

Tree. 

Identification.    C.  Bauh.  Pin.,  498b ;  Dec.  Prod..  9.  p.  4.  :!>»'•  HUL,  9.  p.  4. 

Sffmmymn.    E.  europs^u  var.  %  Lin, ;  Fvuuin  a  largct  Feufllet,  Fr, ;  breitUattriger  Spindtlbainn, 

Grr. 
Bngravingt,    Jaoq.  Fl.  Austr.,  t.  989. ;  Bot.  liag.,  9884. ;  the  plate  of  the  tpedes  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit 

edit.,  Tol.  ▼. ;  and  our  Jig.  909. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  smooth.  Leaves  broad-ovate,  toothleted.  Pe- 
duncles trichotomous,  many-flowered.  Petals  oval,  obtuse.  Lobes  of  capsule 
acutely  aqgled,  wing-formed.  ^Don't  MUl^  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree. 
South  of  France  to  Tauria,  in  groves.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced 
in  1730.  Flowers  white,  becoming  purplish;  June  and  July.  Fruit  deep 
red,  and  very  showy  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  purplish  red. 
Naked  voung  wood  reddish  green,  with  long  pointed  green  bucls,  tinged 
with  red. 
In  Briti:>h  gardens,  this  forms  much  the  handsomest  species  of  the  genus. 


tot.    Kntfnjmiis 


XX.    fJELASTKA'cEJE  :    EVo'SVMVS. 


from  ita  brDBd  ahining  leayea,  and  its  large  red  pendulous  fruiU,  with  oreoge- 
coloured  seeds,  which,  when  tbe  capmles  open,  are  auapended  from  thecelb 
Bomeirhat  in  the  manner  that  the  seedi  of  the  inagnoliaa  hang  from  their 
stroUies.  Even  the  wood  of  this  specie*,  during  winter,  is  much  handsomer 
than  that  of  any  other,  the  branches  being  r^ularlv  divaricate,  with  a  clean 
bark,  of  a  reddish  green,  and  with  loi^  pomted  dark  brown  buds ;  by  which 
•lone  this  specie*  may  be  diadnguishea  from  all  the  other*.  Uafortunately 
fbr  this  species,  it  is  generally  treated  as  a  shrub,  and  crowded  among  other 
thrubs  or  trees  ;  so  that  it  is  never  Allowed  a  chance  of  attaining  either  ita 
flill  uze  or  ita  proper  shape. 

■■  4%  £.  Vi^KVa  Bieb,  The  dwarf  Euonjraius,  or  Sfmuile  Tree. 
UemlifitaUm.  C.  Blib.  F1.  Tior.  Suppl.,p.  IW;  Dec.  Prod, K  p.  4.  i  Don'iinu.,l.p.  1. 
eS^SSi.    OutJIf.  %».  from  ItHtn.  LnUifS'i  plmst. 

^ee.  Char^  4^.  Branclie*  smooth,  somewhat  herbaceous.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
entire,  nearly  opposit&  Flower*  4-cleft,  from  I  to  3  on  a  peduncle.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  A  trailing  undefBhrub,  with  the  a*pect  of  the  widow  wail  (d^edrum 
tricdccum).  Nonhem  Cau- 
casus. Height  1  n.  Intro- 
duced in  1S30.  Flowers 
greenish  white ;  July  and  Au-  ^ 
gust.  Fruit?;  ripe?.  Shoot*"' 
ateoder,  recumbent,  and  with 
the  leaves  of  a  deep  green.  *"■  ■**■"»••'*"» 

A  very  neat  little  plant,  apparent!)'  quite  bnrdy,  and  well  adapted  for  rock- 

¥•£.£.  atkopubpu'bbus  Jaeq.    The  dark-purple^^ouvrvd  Buonymus,  ur 

Spindie  Tree. 
UmUfaHtm.    ite^r  Hurt.  Vlad,  1. 1  D«.  Prod.,!  f.i.;  Don'i  NtU..  ).  p.*.)  Tea.  udOnr. 
Inmaitmrt.    JC.  caroUilfiHli  Vant.  Jrt.  Jukt.  No.  I . ;  ud,  pnbibly.  X.  UUftUiu  Mmrik.  Arl. 
Mwgrtm*^.    Acq.  Hon.  VbZ,!  t  \k.\  SchBldl  Ark.,  t  It.  i  and  ourj^.  XM. 
Spec.  Char.,  jr.    Branches  smooth.     Leaves  sUUed,  lanceolate,    scrraleU. 


ARBORETUM    £T    FUUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Capsules 

angulately  furrowed,  smonth.      (Dec.  Prod.) 

A   shrub  or  low  tree.       Canada  to   Florida, 

Hdgbt  4  ft.  to   IB  ft.     Introduced    in    1756, 

Flowers  dark  purple;  June  and  July.  Capiule 

crimBon.      Seeds  white,  with  a  reel  aril ;  ripe 

in   October.     Decaying   leaves  purplish   red. 

Naked  young  wood  purplish  green 

Branches  slightly  l-sided.  Leaves  2  in.  to  5  in. 
long.  Parts  of  [he  flower  usually  in  Fours;  petals 
round Lsb  obovaie.  Capsules  smooth,  deeply 
lohed.     This  and  the  otner  American  species  of 

planted  in  ni 
sandy  soil. 

a  m  6.  E.  AUEHiciVus  L.  The  American  Euonymus,  or  Spindle  Tree. 
Ua,  Sp.,  IS6. ;  Dec.  Frod,  %  p.*. ;  Oon'i  MU]., &  p.  t.(  Tor.  *od  Gnr.  1.  p.ns 
•empcirlioii  Marik.  \  E.  ilkmlRilliii  ifaiKt  i  Ihe  ButDkng  Bu^  Btnirtiairy 


rarely  found  in  a  thriving  st 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  smooth.  Leaves  almoat  Bewile,  ellipric-lanceolBte, 
sawed.  Flowers  1  to  3  on  ft  peduncle.  Petals  sub-orbiculate.  Capsule 
echinstely  warty.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  sub^versrecn  recumbent  shrub.  Canada 
to  Florida,  among  rocks,  and  in  moist  woodlands.  Height  8  ft.  (o  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1686.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  tin^  with  purple;  May  and 
June.  Capsule  deep  crimson.  Seeds  white,  with  a  scarlet  aril ;  ripe  in 
October.    Decaying  leaves  and  naked  shoots  green. 


A  ■  E.  a.  g  a«gutti/aStit.  Var.  y3  Tor.  ^  Gray.  (Our 
Jig.  807. )  —  Leaves  narrowly  elliptical  or  oblong, 
slightly  falcate,  the  mat^n  minutely  serrated.  Pos- 
sibly the  E.  angustifolius  of  Pursh,  which  Torrey  and 
Uray  bad  only  seen  in  a  herbarium. 

m  ^n.  E.a.  3  larmeninut  Nutt.  Var.  y  Tor.  S;  Gray.  — 
Shoots  trailing  and  often  rooting ;  leaves  ovate-lan- 

•  •  «.  E.  a.  4  oiovitai  Nutt.  Var.  I  Tor.  Sf  Gmy;  E. 
obovatuB  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  4.,  Don'i  Mill.  2.  p.  5. 
(Our^.  20».)  —Trailing  and  rooting ;  leaves  obovate, 
or  oval-obovote,  obtuse  or  dightly  acuminate,  acute  at  tilt  base. 


XX.    CELASTRa'cE^  :    iUO'NYSIUS.  .  153 

Erect.  Leaves  oval  or  elliptical  lanceolate,  the  uppermost  often  elighLly  tai- 
caEe, mostly  acuminate,  acute  oroL'tuae  (rarely  aubcordaEe)  at  the  base.  {Tar. 
and  Gray,  var.  a.)  Branchea  slender,  green.  Leaves  1  in.  to  S  in.  long,  cori- 
aceous, nearly  evergreen  in  the  southern  s^tea.  Seeds  smaller  than  in  E. 
atropurpureiu.  The  scarlet  firuits,  rocoRling  to  Pursh,  resemble,  at  a  dis- 
tance, those  ofiJ'rbutus  IT^nedo.  Thej^  forin  a  great  ornament,  he  says,  to 
this  almost  evergreen  shrub,  ^nd  have  ^ven  rise,  in  America,  to  its  common 
name,  the  bummg  bush.  Of  easy  culture  in  mobt  soil,  and  a  shady  situation. 
Cuttings  or  seeds. 

T  ■  T,  £.  HAita.rotiiA''nvs  Wall.     Hamilton's  Buonymus,  or  ^mtdie  Trte. 

UHmkoOm.    Wall  F1.  Ind.,  a  p.  MS.;  Don'!  Mm.,  I.  p.  I. 

^mimfmt.    E.  Umpurpdmu  WalL  Ft.  Ini.  X  p.  VA 

EmgraniKt.    Ourjtf.  w.,  nvcn  ■  Tlfoioiu  pUot  Id  tlw  Ugrl.  Sue.  Oirdan. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,     Branches  smooth, 

terete.      Leaves  lanceolate,   finely 

serrated.   Peduncles  dichotoraous, 

S-flowered.     Flowers  tetrandrous. 

Petals  4,  lanceolate  cordate.  Ovary 

4-lobed,    4<.ceiled,   each  cell  con- 
taining 8  ovules.  (Don'i  Jtfiff.}   A 

low  tree  or  shrub.    Nepal,  Height 

10  a.  to  soft.  Introduced  in  1825. 

Flowers  yellowish    greeo ;    June 

and  July.     Fruit  ?  purple  ;  ripe  in 

?  October.      Decaymg  leaves  and 

naked  young  wood  green. 

A  free^rowing  spedes,  with  an 
erect  stem  ;  the  young  shoots  green  ; 
the  leaves  large  j  bark  of  the  older 
shoots  white.  Left  to  itself^  as  a 
standard,  it  forms  a  dense  fastigiate  ' 
bush,  with  nunierous  suckers ;  but, 
trained  to  a  ungle  stem,  it  would 
doubtless  form  a  bandsoine  small 
tree.  A  plant  against  the  wall.  In 
the  Horticultural  Society's  Oarden, 
flowers  freely  eveiy  year ;   but  has 

not  yet  ripened  fruit.     The  plant  in  •<*-  «'»"j«™  h™"-""-— 

the  open  garden  was  killed  to  the  ground  bj  the  winter  of  1837-8,  but  siiran^ 
up  again  with  vigour.  In  the  Liverpool  Bolaiiic  Oarden  it 
was  not  iigured. 

OlhtT  Speaei  0/ 'EvSnymut.  —  E,_/inji}mcui  Thunb.  ("oUT 
jig.  210.),  and  F.,jap6mai4jdlil  cariegatii,  E.  ^arciBiaftlius 
Soxb.,  and  some  other  specien,  are  in  London  gardens ;  but 
they  can  only  be  considered  as  half-hardy.  In  the  Canter- 
bury Nursery,  £.  j.  f&liis  varie^tis  has  been  found  hardier 
than  the  species.  In  the  Horticultural  Societ^s  Oarden, 
E,  jap6nicus,  tnuned  against  a  wall,  was  but  bttle  injured 
by  the  winter  of  IB3T-S.  The  following  species,  shortly  de- 
scribed in  our  hrst  edition,  Mr.  Don  considers  as  likely  to 
prove  "  truly  hardy ;"  some  of  them  are  introduced,  and  arc 
'  ui  green-houses  :  E.  grdssus  Wall.,  E.  micrinthos  D.  Don, 
E.  luciduB  n.Don,  £.  echbkus  Wail.,  E.  tfngens  WaU., 
E.  gibber  Roxb.,  E.  hmbriitus  WalL,  E.  fndicus  Hci/ne,  E. 
vegans  Wall.,  E.  subtnfldrus  5/ume,  E.  Thunbc^itoiM 
"*  ■•>'**-■      Blumc,  E.  p6nduluB  Walt.,  and  E.  frtgidus  Wall. 


154  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Genus  II. 


/ 


CEL  A'STRUS  Ir.  Tbe  CiLhASTtiVs,  or  Staff  Thee.  Lm,l^tt.  Pent&ndria 

Monogi/oBU 

Jdent^eation.    Lin.  Gen.,  S70. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  A. ;  Don't  Mill.,  &  p.  6. 
S^nom^mfs.    Euonymbldee  Maneh^  C^lattr^  Fr. ;  CeUiter,  Ger. 

Derivation.    From  keiat,  the  Utter  aeaaon ;  the  fhilt  renuining  on  the  tree  all  the  winter.    The 
kekuins  of  the  Greekf  U  luppoted  to  be  the  futeymiu. 

Gen.  Char.  CaUfx  small,  5-lobed.  PetaU  5,  unguiculate.  Ovary  Bmall,  im- 
mersed in  a  lO-striped  disk.  Siigtnas  2 — 3.  Capsule  2 — 3  valved.  Seetl  1, 
in  a  large  fleshy  arfl.  (Don't  Mi£) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  stipules  minute.  — One 
hardy  species  ;  a  climbing  shrub,  a  native  of  North  America. 

±  I.e.  sca7>7DENs  L.    The  climbing-^fomm^  Celastrus,  or  Staff  TWe, 

Idmtificatum.    Lin.  ^  "ttS. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  a.  pi  & ;  Don*a  Bfill.,  &  p.  & ;  Tor.  and  Gray,  1.  p.  157. 
^j^mmtftna.    Bourreau  ^  Arbrea,  Fir. ;  BaammSrder,  Ger.  i  Bittersweet,  Waxwork,  Amer, 
Engravingi.    Nouy.  Da  Ham.,  1.  t.  95. ;  and  cnrjlg.  Ml. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c,  Thomless,  climbing,  smooth.  Leaves  oval,  acuminate 
serrate.  Flowers  dioecious.  (Dec.  Prod,)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
Canada  to  Virginia.  Height  5  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers 
small,  pale  vellowiBh  green  ;  June.  Capsules  orange ;  ripe  in  September. 
Seed  reddish  brown,  coated  with  a  bright  orange  aril,  changing  at  last  to 
scarlet. 

The  stems  are  woody  and  flexible,  and  twist 
themselves  round  trees  and  shrubs,  or  round  each 
other,  to  the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  or  upwards, 
girding  trees  so  closely  as,  in  a  few  years,  to  de- 
stroy them ;  whence  the  French  and  German  names, 
which  signify  '*  tree  strangler."  The  leaves  are  about 
3  in.  long,  and  nearly  2  in.  broad,  serrated,  of  a  lively 
green  alK»ve,  but  paler  on  the  under  side.  The  plant 
prefers  a  strong  loamy  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry;  and 
IS  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings. 

Other  Secies  of  Celdstrtu.  —  C.  buUaiut^  described  from  a  fi^e  of  Plukenet, 
is,  according  to  Torrey  and  Gray,  a  doubtful  plant.  C.  nepalensit  and  C.  pyra- 
canthifoHttt  are  in  Messrs.  Loddiges*s  collection,  but  rather  tender. 

Genus  III. 


u 


NEMOPA^NTHES  Rajin.    The   Nrmopantbbs.    Ltn.  Sysi.  Polygamia 

Dioe^cia. 

Identifleation.    Kafin.  Joom.  Phyi.,  1819,  pi  96. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  17. ;  Don's  BillL,  %  p.  IS. 

SynoMjftme.    IHcMfldea  Dum.  Comrs.  1.  toi.  4.  pi  S7. 

DerHmtiom.    From  nemoi,  a  grore,  and  amtkof,  a  flower ;  it  being  generally  found  in  groret. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  small,  scarcely  conspicuous.  Petals  5,  distinct,  oblong, 
linear,  deciduous.  Stamens  5,  alternating  with  the  petals.  Ovary  hemi« 
spherical,  covered  with  clammy  juice.  Style  wanting.  Stigmas  3--4,  ses- 
sile ;  in  the  male  flowers  hardly  manifest.  Berry  globose,  3 — i-celled. 
{Don*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  ovate,  exstipulate,  dedduoiu  ;  quite  entire. — One 
hardy  species. 


3tX.    CELASTRa'cE*.      XXI-    ^QUIFOLIA^CM. 

m  1.  N.  CANiDS-Nsis  Dec.    The  Can*diwi  NemopantheB. 

Umif/kfiBn.    I>«.lf*m.SiJc.O«n.,l.|>-«l  "■'•"■  ■     " 

^pec  Choreic.  LwiTes  ovBte.  quite  entire,  or  sCTi«t«d at 
th;wS  .n«,th  Pedicel.  «..*»litfJ.l-«»""»l; 
Sj^™.     Flower,  .hite.    Benie,  luje    bauoM 

.htob.    aiie  to  CaroUttk  on  i.oo.,l«mL    Heriit  ^ 
SttoSft     IntrodntxiinlBO!.  Ftowet.™.U,.h.tei 
April  end  May.    Berry  large,  beautiful  cnmwn  t  npo  in 
October.    Very  oroamental. 


Pluita  of  thi.  n»ei»  in  the  Hort.  8oc.  Gjrden  uid  at 

SrT;JrL^Sb?^rof.f  "^£";  .._ 

t',^-"SlTeS*rSroXp.ttlMoi.i  or  eu.ti^ 
"• ''^  rf  thi  young  trood  in  »nd  lader  a  Bto. 

OMer  Spi^  „/ Crfiuiiticeur.— Maytenua  cMAim  Dee. 
rour  )Se.  813.),  a  hamleonia  evergreen  branchy  ehrub. 
S  iSJ,  bitcblete.  The  lio,.r,are  in  aa.Uar,  cl.»- 
m  .irthe  corolla  o(  a  »Uow»h  green  colour,  not 
showv  It  is  a  native  of  Chile,  and  itood  eight  or  ten 
winteri  atainat  a  «iuth  mil  in  the  Hort.  Soe.  <l«den, 
S  ™  XSt  to  be  tolerably  hard,,  tait  ...  M  «l  to 
£  murSiKre  winter  of  1837-8,  «.d  did  not  .pi^g  n, 

P  ^^^dard  and  promiMd  to  be  a  valuable  addition  to  our 
,ia  .»_— ;  '  tardy  e^«°*"'*  *''  "  ""  f"""''  '"  ■""■■ 

O.OJH  XXI.    ^QUIFOUA'CE.E. 

jj:*:r»!i"iw«'ss'"'"°"'^' '■''■■"*"■■""■'"' 

,«™,. » ». .. .  ">.  »-■  "^  j^  leathation.     SrW.  t-«. 

0/a>.  Cm/i.     faJcC  "i,?TSl  totai^  •"  many  .taacn.  InMtted  into  it 

a™;i.  hvpogyr";  ;:*  *^T!:»SiSi77  oendtUou.  ovule  in  e«ih 

alternately  to  it.  loiJea.,   '^".^  2—8  Itoneih  each  containing  apendu- 

coriaceou.      «.»c«V^"*  i™"i  .„  uL  cont»di.tiigui.hed  i  - 
contammg  '"^J-l'^r"' H^,,     gtani.n.  4.  Fruit  I^eiled,  l..eeded. 

*:«?{  »Scbo„n,o.u.ly  bi-chcd  r^™t„„,     ,^„.  ^,. 
rij.  I.,  tee,  bfr'P!"^S^'  tr™  *»>•&.  »o,tly,  coriaceou. 

Fruit  including  4  or  S  ^™^^     P 

1  upon  a  peduncle. 


156 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  I. 


□ 


MYGrNDi4  Jacq.    Thb  Myginda.    Lin.  Sytt.  Tetr&ndria  Monogyuia. 

Identification.    Jaca.  Ainer.M}.  24. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  12. ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  U. 

Sunonymet.    Tiex  rwrsh  ;  Ore^pblla  Nutt,  In  Tbr.  and  Graff. 

Derivation.    So  named  by  Jaoqum  in  honour  of  Franci$  wm  Mygind,  a  Gennan  botanltt. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  small,  4-c1eft.  CoroUa  deeply  4-cleft,  subiotate.  Stamen*  4, 
alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla^  and  shorter  than  them,  and 
inserted  in  its  throat.  Ovary  roundish.  Stigmas  4.  Drupe  ovate,  1-celled. 
(Don's  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  mostly  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  entire  or  remotely 
serrulated.     Flowers  axillary,  subsolitaiy,  minute. —  One  species  is  hardy. 


1.  M.  ifYRTiPo'LiA  NiUi,    The  Myrtle-leaved  Myginda. 

Nutt.  G«n.,  1.  p.  109. ',  Don't  MUl.,  S.  p.  16. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S 


Ident0calion, 

p.  13. 

Synonffmet,    Tlex  J^rtinltet  PwrOt ;  Ore6phlIa  myrtiiblla  NutL 
Engravings.    Hook  II.  Bor.  Amer.,  1 41. ;  and  oaijlg.  214. 

Spec,  Char^y^c,  Leaves  oblong,  blunt,  serrated,  smooth, 
with  revolute  edges.  Peduncles  very  short,  usually  soli- 
tary, 1 -flowered.  Style  short,  club-shaped,  44obed  at  the 
apex.  (Don*s  Mill,)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  N.W. 
coast  of  North  America,  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  small, 
white  ;  May  to  August.    Drupe  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  Oct. 

Plants  of  this  species  are  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs. 
Loddiges ;  where  it  is  increased  by  cuttings,  and  grows  in 
common  soil. 


M.  m}TtifblU. 


Genus  II. 


If 


'J^ 


[Mi 


/'LEX  L,  The  Holly.    Lin.  Syst.  Tetr&ndria  Tetragynia. 

Identification.    lin.  Gen.,  No.  172. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2,  p.  13. ;  Don*t  Mill..  2.  p.  1& 

Sffnonymet.    jlqulR>Uuni  Toum.  InsL  t  371.,  Gmi.  FrucL  2.  t.  92. ;  Uoux,  Fr. ;  Stechpalme,  or 

Hetlse*  Ger^  lUce,  Ital, 
Derivation.  Theophrastut,  and  other  Greek  authort,  named  the  holly  Agrla ;  that  it,  wild,  or  of 
the  fieldt ;  and  the  Romant  formed  from  thit  the  word  Agrifolium ;  and  called  It,  also.  Aqai. 
folium,  from  aeutttm,  sharp,  and  foUmn^  a  leaf.  C.  Bauhin  and  Loureiro  first  named  it  /lex,  on 
account  of  the  resemblance  of  its  learet  to  those  of  the  Qu§rcut  i^lex,  the  true  Ilex  of  Vir^l. 
LInnaus  adopted  the  name  of  Plex  for  the  genus,  and  preterred  the  name  of  ifquifblium  for  the 
most  anciently  known  species.  The  name  of  Holly  is,  probably,  a  corrupUon  of  the  word  holy, 
as  Turner  In  his  Herbal  calls  It  Holy,  and  Holy  Tree ;  probably  from  its  being  used  to  comme- 
morate the  holy  time  of  Christmas,  not  only  in  houses,  but  in  churches.  The  German  name 
Christdom,  the  Danish  name  Chrittom,  and  the  Swedlth  name  Chrltttom,  seem  to  Justify  this 
coi^Jecture. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  4— 5-toothed,  permanent.  CoroUa  4— 5-cleft,  subrotate. 
Stamens  4—5,  alternating  with  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  Ovary  sessile. 
Stigmas  4.     Berry  containing  4—6  1-seeded  puts.   (Don's  MUl.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  mostly  evergreen ;  ovate,  oval,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  coriaceous,  serrated,  toothed,  or  quite  entire.  Flowers 
axillary,  aggregate,  small,  generally  white.  FrvU  a  drupe,  mostly  red. — Low 
trees  and  shrubs,  chiefly  evergreen,  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and 
the  Himalayas,  generally  of  slow  growth,  and  of  long  duration.  Loamy 
soil,  rather  dry  than  moist.     * 


XXI.  .^quipolia'ces:  /lex.  157 

A.  Leave!  tjnni/-l<iothed. 
1  1.  7. -iauiPo'Liuw  L.     The  prickly-leaved,  or  nwnwon.  Holly. 

U^-liftMicn,    Lin.  Sp.,  IBl.  ,  T\.  D.n.  MS. ;  Dk.  Prod.  !^  14.  :  £"'"  l^' J^d*;,^!,  ^ 
Ei  Hw>:.  ft-.  ;    SIKhpilmft    St«hl.ub.  flul..,    ArUUoro.   K«i»dorn^K'-~*""*    O"  ' 

0«^i^  P.dub!  «»K."   A^iroIlD,  /Mi';  A«Vi.  iw".  i  Awliihii,  J^. 
Etratima.      BnlUi  Eng,  Bot.  L  49«.  :  the  plsM  ofthu  ip«lM  In  Art.  Bril.  Ill 


I  oblong,  ehining,  wafy,  spin y- toothed.     P 
early  umbellate.      A  handsome,  conical,  e 


twice  that  height,  or  upwards,  in  a  state  of  cultivation.  Flowers  white; 
May.  Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  September,  and  remaining  on  the  tree  all  the 
winter.  The  lower  leaves  are  very  spinous  ;  while  the  upper  ones,  espe- 
cially on  old  trees,  are  entire.  Decaying  leaves  yellow,  dropping  in  June 
or  July. 
Varie^i,  In  general  the  variegation  of  plants,  more  especially  of  trees  and 
Bhruhi,  is  accompanied  by  a  ragged,  or  otherwise  unhealthy,  appearance  in 
[he  leaves  ;  but  the  hotly  is  one  of  the  vety  few  exceptions  to  this  rule. 
The  variesBtions  of  the  holly  are  chiefly  confined  to  the  modification  of 
white  and  yellow  in  tlie  leaves :  but  there  are  some  sorts  in  which  the 
variation  results  frotn  the  state  of  the  leaves  with  reference  to  prickles,  to 
magnitude,  and  to  form ;  and  others  consist  of  differences  in  the  colour 
of  the  fruit,  which  is  red,  yellow,  or  white,  and  black.  These  varieties  are, 
for  the  roost  part,  without  names,  and  those  in  the  following  groups  ap- 
pear tons  to  be  all  that  are  truly  distinct  -,  but  theshadesof  difference  under 
each  name  in  theM  groups  are  almost  inoumerable. 


ARBORETITH    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

,  TMdmeu,  Stufice, 

t  1.  A.  2  hHeroph&lvm  Hoct  —  Lesves  TBrioutI;  abated. 

1   L  A.  3  aagu^pUwrn  Hort.—  LeaTCB  Darraw. 

}   I.  A.  4  ^^fium  Hort. —  Leaves  brood.    Shoots  dqil  purple.    There 

U  a  fine  specunen  at  Elvatton  Caitle,  where  it  is  csllea  the  Water 

Holly, 
t  I.  A.  3  aUacUrinte  Hort.     The  Hi^  Clere  Holly,  —  Leaves  brood, 

thin,  and  flat. 
t   L  A,  S  margfuatam  Hort    (^.  816.)  —  Leaves  without  prickles, 

coriaceous,  uesrly  as  broad  asloa^  and  withs  thickened  margin. 


t  L  A.  7  loio#3fii("»  Hort.  (jfe.  817.)  — Leaves  imall,  ovsl-Ianceolste 
without  prickles,  about  tSe  size  and  shape  of  those  of  ialirus 
ndbilis.  ,  ,  .  „ 

t   L  A.  B  (t&^Mn  Hort.  {fig.  818.)  —  Leaves  oval'OCununate,  small; 
tbe  prickles  along  the  maipns  like  hairs. 
A.  S  dlialtm  minu*  Hort.  —  Leave*  thinner  and  smaller  than  m  the 


i.   L  A.  1 1  trratiJiBM  Hwt.  (,fig.  220.)  —  Leaves  seiratcd. 
*   L  A.  IS  crirotim  Hort.  —  Leaves  curled.  „    ,,      „,  v 

t  LA.13^Hort.     HedgehogHolly;Houx-MriMon,^.(,fe.821.) 
—  The  disk  of  the  leaf  has  its  edges  roUed  back  ;  and  a  somewhat 


XXI.    j<QUIFOLIA'CE£ :    /LEX. 

"""  cylindrical  figure  iafacncegiT- 

en  to  it ;  and,  a«  the  Bumce  i 

aboundi  in  promineQcn  aad 

pricUei,  it  has  a  curiotu  ap- 

peaTBDce,   not   uniqitly   com- 
pared to  that  of  B  hedgehog. 
t  L  A.  ncraaifolitm  Bort.  (Jg. 

832.)  —  Leaves    thick    and 

fleshj. 
t  I,  A.    15    teniicen*    Sweet  —  c 

Xesvea  qnneleu,  thin.  7 
All  these  varieticB  nay  be  seen  V 
in  Hessrs,  Loddiges'a  collection, 
and  it  ii  no  imair  proof  of  their 
value  for  town  rardent,  that  the}' 
thrive  in  the  smdt;  atniotphere  of 
Tn.  i.Anm.       that  munificent  ettabliahment.  m.  i  i  „^n 

b.  VaritHet  deugnatedfrora  the  Colourt  of  t&e  Leaf. 
Under  the  general  name  of  variegated  hollies,  twenty  or  thirty  varietiet; 
aomeof  them  with,  and  some  of  them  without,  popular  namea,  are  obtainable 
in  the  principal  London  nurseries.  Having  examined  and  compared  the 
different  shades  of  validation  in  the  plants  m  the  very  complete  collection 
of  Meanv.  Loddiges,  we  think  they  mfty  be  all  included   in  the  following 

f  L  A.  16  AJbo-marffmatum  Hart.  —  Leaves  with  white  edges.  Of  this 
variety  the  subvarieties  in  Loddigea'a  arboretum  are  maHced  5,  15, 
IB,  and  24,  which  have  all  long  and  narrow  leaves,  with  edgings  of 
white  or  pale  yellow  along  tbetrmargiDa;  and  4^6,7,  12,  17,22,83, 
and  S8,  which  have  larger  leaves,  and  a  greater  breadth  of  margin 
variegated  ;  the  white  or  pale  yellow  forming  in  some  cases  one 
third,  or  even  one  half,  of  the  surface  of  the  leaC 
1  1.  A.  IT  airt«-margiii^tim  Hort.  —  Leaves  with  yellow  edges.  The 
following  subvarieties  are  in  Hessrs.  Loddigea'n  arboretum,  Nos.  19 
and  20  with  dark  yeUow  margins;  and  Nos.  1,  2,  8,  9,  10,  13,  and 
29,  with  margins  of  dark  and  light  yellow.  Another  subdivision  of 
this  group  connsta  of  plants  with  broad  leaves,  in  what  may  be 
called  a  transition  state  from  green  to  variegated,  viz.,  with  greenish 

Cw  or  very  pale  green  blotches  or  marMns.     When  such  plants 
me  old,  they  are  generallv  very  dialinctW  variegated  with  yellow. 
Examplea  in  the  Hackney  artwreOun  are  Nim.  3,  20,  and  21. 
1  L  A.  18  iiio-pktHm  Hort.  —  Leaves  spotted  with  white.  This  variety 
baa  a  conHoerable  portion  of  the  centre  of  the  disk  of  the  leaf  white, 
and  of  a  somewhat  transparent  appearucej  the  edges  of  the  disk 
of  the  leaf  being  green. 
t  LA.  lOaino^lim  Hort.  —  Leaves  spotted  with  yellow.     The  fol- 
lowing subvarieties  are  in  Messrs.  LodtUges's  arboretum.    Nos.  11, 
14,  16,  26, 27,  and  30. 
1  I.  A  20  Jlrai  arehilemn   Hort.  —  The  hedgehog  holly  with  leaves 

blotched  with  wnite. 
I  L  A.  il/frar^imm  Bort  —  The  hedg<4iog  holly  vrith  leaves  blotched 
with  yellow. 

c-  Farietiei  detigiuUed  from  tie  Cobmr  of  tht  Fnat. 
I  L  A.  22  friicta  liUeo  Hort.  —  Fruit  yellow. 
*  I.  A.  23  frictu  6lbo  Hort  —  Fruit  white, 
t   I.  A.  24  fridH  ragro  Hort  —  Fruit  black. 
The  holly  makes  the  most  impeneUnble  and  the  most  durable  of  all  vege- 


160  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

table  fences ;  and  it  has  this  great  advantage  over  deciduousJeaved  trees  and 
ahrubs,  that  it  is  seldom  liable  to  be  iittocked  hyiasects;  and,  if  shorn,  tJie 
outer  aurface  becomes  impenetrable  even  to  birds,  who  cannot  build  ihcir  nests 
in  it.  The  wood  is  almost  es  white  as  ivory,  except  in  the  centre  of  very 
old  tnmks,  where  it  is  somewhat  brown.  It  is  very  hard,  with  a  6ne  gnun, 
susceptible  of  a  high  degree  of  polish,  and  is  readily  stained  with  black,  green, 
blue,  or  red.  Tt  weighs,  when  dry,  at  the  rate  of  471b.  7oz.  jier  cubic  foot. 
The  veins  of  the  wood,  end  its  annual  layers,  are  so  small  ta  scarcely  to  be 
perceptible.  It  is  applied  to  a  greet  many  purposes,  in  Joinery,  cabinet-making, 
and  turnery;  in  ^giueering,  in  mathematicBl-instnunent-iDakingi  and  it  is 
even  used  for  wood-eneraving.  The  bark  affords  birdlime,  which  is  prepared 
by  boiling  and  evaporation.  Theliolly  attains  the  largest  size  in  a  rich  sandy 
loam  ;  but  it  will  grow,  and  even  thrive,  on  almost  any  soil,  provided  it  is  not 
overcharged  with  moisture.  As  its  seeds,  like  those  of  the  hawthorn,  do  not 
come  up  the  first  year,  to  save  ground  and  the  expense  of  weedine,  the  ber- 
riet  are  commonly  buried  in  the  soil,  or  kept  mixed  up  in  a  heap  of  earth  for 
one  year;  after  which,  if  sown  in  autumn,  they  will  come  up  the  following 
June.  The  rariedea  are  propagated  by  budding  and  grafting.  These  ope- 
rations are  performed  at  the  usual  times,  and  in  the  usual  manner  ;  but  it  has 
been  observed  by  Tschoudi,  that  cleft-grafting  does  not  succeed  nearly  so 
well  with  the  holly  as  whip-grafting  or  budding.  In  England,  the  stocks 
budded  or  grained  on  are  generally  of  four  or  five  years' growth  j  and  the 
grafting  is  effected  in  March,  and  the  budding  in  July.  The  variegated  kinds 
ore  atBO  propagated  -  by  cuttings,  which  are  made  in  autumn,  of  the  ripened 
summer  shoots.  They  are  planted  in  sandy  soil,  in  a  shady  border,  and  covered 
with  hand-glasses ;  and  they  generally  put  fordi  roots  the  following  spring. 
Holly  hedges  should  never  be  clipped,  because,  when  the  leaves  are  cut 
through  the  middle,  they  are  rendered  unsightly  ;  and  the  xhoots  should 
thereiore  be  cut  with  a  knife  close  to  a  leaf.  The  proper  season  for  cutting 
would  appear  to  be  just  after  the  leaves  have  attained  maturity  ;  because 
at  that  season,  in  tlie  holly,  as  in  the  box,  the  wound  is  comparatively  soon 
obliterated  by  the  healing  over  produced  by  the  s^l  abundant  sap. 
t  8.  T.  (A.)  balea'bica  Dttf.    The  Minorca  Holly. 

IJciaSiaitlom.    D«r.  Arb.,l.i>.Kt.:  Don'iUUI.,  >.p.  ir. 
S/pumuma-     I-  ^quMNIum  ju.  t  Lam.  Diet-  3.  p.  14fi.  \  I.  iud«- 

rfauU  WiM.  emn.  Si^ifL  8.  HCanlirf  la  Link. 
Smtmrnt-    Our  M-  W(. 
Spec.  Char.,  S^c.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,   flat,  shining, 

entire  or   spiny-toothed.        IFmbels  axillary,    few- 
flowered,  short.  {Don't  Mill.)    An  evergreen  low 

tree.    Minorca  and  Madeira.     Height  10  it.  to  SO  ft. 

in  England  ;  in  Madeira  60  ft.  to  60  ft.    Introduced 

in  1744.     Flowers  white;   May  and  June.    Drupe 

scarlet ;  ripe  in  December.     Decaying  leaves  yellow, 

dropping  in  June  and  July. 

A  veiy  distinct  varietv  of  the  common  holly,  readily 
distinguished  at  sight,  by  its  yellowish  green  leaves, 
which  are  sharply  acuminated,  but  vet^  slightly  waved 
at  the  edges,  and  with  few  prickles.  It  la  propagated  by        lu.  i.m.|ii"1«ia«. 
budding  or  grafting  on  the  common  holly. 

t  3.  /,  opa'ca  Aii.     The  opaque-/fai>ei/,  or  American,  Holly. 

Sinumrma.    '  ^grifbHmn' TalfiTri  tiasl.'  i'lor.  'rirjtm.)    rici  A^aODUtaa  GrJivi.  md  WtOI.   F>. 

Car.  Ml.  I  dimkelbUurln  Slechpulnia,  Crr.  i  Agrirolla  a  FosUndl  Quen^  Ilat. 
Entrningt.    ThsplUeaf  thiipMlnlii  Aib.  Brit.,  lit  edit,  toI.  r,;  tBAoarfig.iM. 
Spec,  dua-.,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate.  Hat,  coriaceous,  acute,  toothed  in  a  scalloped 

manner,  spiny,  and  glabrous,  but  not  glossy.     Flowers  scattered,  at  the 

base  of  onlv  those  branches  that  are  a  year  old.     Teeth  of  the  calyx  acute. 

Sexes  dicecious.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  beautiAil  evei;green  low  tree.     Canada 


XXI.  ^quifolia'ces:  /^lex.  161 

U>  Cuolins.     Height  in  Engluid  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  j  in  Carolina  00  ft.  to  SO  ft. 
Introduced  in  1744.     Flowen  white ;  May  and  June.   Drupe  scarlet  ;  ripe 
in  December,  remaining  on  the  treea  all  the  winter. 
Fariety. 

1  I.  0.  2hiifioTa,  I.  laxifldra  Lam.,  I.  op^  var,  JViitf.,  has  the  flowen 
on  lootely  branched  pedundei,  and  the  drupe  yellow.  Introduced 
in  181 1,     Several  other  ntfieties  are  mentioned  by  Rafineeque. 


In  America,  Uui  ■^ecie*  w  iqtplied  to  all  the  uks  whtdi  "^ 
the  common  hoUy  ia  in  Europe.     It  iormi  hedges  ;  is  an 
ornamentHl  tree  or  shrub   in  gardens;   is   employed  for 

making  birdlime;  and  the  wo<xl  la  used  in  tiumery  and  ■ 

caUoetmaking,     Propagatbn  as  in  the  cooiiiioq  holly,  ^ 

XUx  ma^tUnka  [fig.  S25.),  of  which  there  is  a  small  ' 


Hort.  8oc.  Garden,  promisCB  to  be  a  very  T 

and  tolerably  oardy,  as  it  stood   the  "  »— iitj— 

winter  of  1837-8  against  a  wait  ''  ""^ 

B,  Ltaoet  loolhed,  lerraltd,  or  crenate,  but  nol  tpiny, 

•  t.  I.  Perado  Ait.     The  Perado  Holly. 


plant  in  the 
handsome  sp 


a^rSrStp.    N.  Da  Hun.,  t.  l'i6.(  BbL  Cab.,  L  MS.,  i  *aiaar/lf.n». 

spec.  0iat.,  S/e,     Le«vea  ovate,  with  an  entire  acumen, 
or  having  very  few  teeth,  shining.  Umbels  short,  ax- 
illary,  few^flowered.    (Don't  Abil.')      An   evergreen 
shrub.     Madeira.     H^ht  in  Eiuland  Aft.  to   10ft. 
Introduced  in  1760.     Flowers  white  or  reddish  ;  May 
and  June.     Drupe  large,  red;  ripe  in  October. 
Commonly  treated  as  a  green-house  plant,  but  quite 
.    hardy  In  the  Hort.  8oc.  Garden ;  where,  and  also  in  se- 
i>  reral  other  places,  it  etood  the  winter  of  I83T-8,  without 
.™.  ..r,—..  any  protection,  uninjurej. 

•  5.  /.  CASSi'tiB  Ait.    The  Cassine-Ziilc,  or  broad-itaved  Dahoon,  Holly. 


162  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lonccolate,  ^arpt; 
serrated,  flat ;  the  midrilis,  petioles,  and  branch- 
leta  glabroua.  The  flotFers  upon  lateral  corym- 
boaely  branched  peduncles.  {^Dcc.  Prod.)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Lover  Carolina  to  Florida, 
in  shady  awaraps,  Hei^t  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Intro-  ' 
duced  in  1700.  Flowers  white ;  August.  Drupe  i 
red ;  ripe  in  December. 

The  fruil  is  rather  smaller  than  that  of  the  com- 
inon  holi^ ;  it  continues  on  the  trees  the  must  part 
of  the  winter,  untouched  by  birds ;  and,  being  of  n 
bright  red,  and  large  in  proportion  to  the  leaves, 
which  are  about  the  siie  of  those  of  the  common 
arbutus,  the  pknt  makes  a  6ne  appearance,  both  in 
its  native  country  and  in  Engbnd.    Commonly  pro-  "'    '"'" " 

pagated  by  seeds  ;  but  it  will  also  strike  by  cuttings,  or  It  may  be 
the  common  holly. 

•  6.  /.  anoustko'lia  WUld.     The  narrow-leared  IlolU 

limtOlatiaa.     WlUd.  EnuRl..   1.  p.  179. ;    Dec.  Trod.,  9.  f.  14.  i 
S^mt^ma.    '/.nmllfMII  Wail.  CaroLVl.,  S.  Dalk;  Uld   Lsdd. 

Spec,  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  sawed  at 
the  tip,  rather  revolute  in  the  mar^n ;  the  mid- 
rib, petiole,  and  branchlets  glabrous.  Flowers  in 
stalked  lateral  cymes.  (_Dec.  Prod.)  An  evergreen 
shrub.  H^ght  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Virginia  to  Ueor- 
gia,  in  swamps.  Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers 
white;  June.     Drupe  globular  and  red  ;  ripe  in 


D 


A  very  handsome  species,  but  not  very  c< 
There  arc  plants  of  it  at  Messrs.  Loddiges,  and  in 
the  H.  S.  Garden,  under  the  name  of  /.  myrtif&lio.  „,.  ,.„p_i 

1  7.  /.  TOMITO'RI*  AU.     The  emetic  Holly,  or  South  Sea  Tea 


Spte.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  oblong  or  elliptic, 
obtuse  at  both  ends,  crenately  serrated,  and, 
with  the  branchlets,  glabrous.  Flowers  in 
subaessiie  lateral  umbels.  {lite.  Prod.')  An 
evergreen  low  tree.  Carolina  to  Florida,  along  ' 
the  sea  coast.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1700.  Flower  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Dru)>e  red,  like  that  of  the  common  holly ; 
ripe  m  December. 
Not  very  common  in  British  collections :  but 

there  are  plants  of  it  in  Loddiges's  arboretum,  ,^  ,,^, 

and  in  the  garden  of  the  Hnrt.  Sue. 

C-  Leavet  guile  entire,  or  nearhf  to. 
1  «  8.  /.  Oahoo's  Wall.    The  Dahoon  Holly. 


^wdViHr.    f.  CteriofWIIM.  Hdr.BhdI.  I. 


xxt.  ^qiiifolia'ce£  :  pri'nos.  163 

EH^nvtap.  _W)11d.  Hon.  Beml.,  t  51.,  under  tha  m™  irf  /.  Cmhu  ;  ourjtg.  »M.  from  m  plul 

^lec.  Char^  ^.  Leaves  lanceolately  ellipdml,  nearly  entire,  almost  revolule 
in  the  margin ;  the  midrib,  pedole,  ami  brani^lets  villauB.  Flowers  dis- 
posed in  corymbose  panicles,  that  are  upon  Interal  and  terminal  peduncles. 
(Dec,  Prod.)  A  beauttfiil  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  Carolina  to  Flo- 
rida, in  swamps.  Height  8ft.  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1726.  Fbwers  white; 
May  and  June.  Drupe  red  ;  ripe  in  December. 
"Die  leaves  of  this  species  ore  very  numerous, 

and   resemble  those  ot  Z«urus  Bori>dtua.     The 

plant  is  rare  b  British  gardens,  and  seldom  ripens 


imonlf  liept  in  green-houses  e 
e  open  au*.  in  the  Mile  Ei 
irith  a  head  30  ft.  in  diameter  i  aud  which  had  stood  there  many  years,  with- 
out the  slightest  protection. 

Olier  Spedri  of  Vlcx  ore  described  by  authors  as  natives  of  North  Amenca 
and  Nepal,  some  of  which  are  introduced,  and  may  probably  be  found  hardy, 
but  we  can  state  nothing  with  certainty  reapecting  them.  In  this  unus,  as 
in  most  others  coniaining  numerous  species  whi(£  are  not  in  generid  cultira* 
tion,  there  is  a  great  deal  of  uncerUinty.  I.  Caiiine,  I.  Tomititria  and  I. 
Da/iooji  are  probably  the  same  species. 

Genus  III. 


aa 


Btritiant.    From  prAut,  uh  unec  u 
n,  fmid  prion,  ■  i 

Gen.  Char.  Fhaert  6-cleft,  heiandrous ;  usually  dicecious,  or  poljgamous 
from  abortion.  FniU  with  6  nuts.  In  other  respects  the  character  is  the 
■une  as  that  of  Tisx.  (Z)™'.  MiU.) 

Leavei  simple,  axillary,  eistipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  oval  or 
lanceolate,  entire  or  serrated  ;  dying  off*  of  a  greenish  yellow.  Floweri 
on  axillary  pedicels,  usually  single,  smell,  mostly  vrhite.— Shrubs,  ever- 
green and  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America. 


164 


ARBORBTUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


would  form  neat  miniature  trees.  Propagated  by  suckers,  or  by  cuttings  of 
the  young  wood  in  sand  under  a  glass,  or  by  seeds.  Common  soil,  kept  moist. 
There  is  a  close  general  resemblance  among  all  the  deciduous  species,  which 
leads  us  to  doubt  whether  they  are  any  thing  more  than  varieties. 

§  i.  Vrinoldes  Dec. 


SecL  Char,    Flowers  usually  4^—5-  sometimes  6-cleft.  (Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  16.) 
Leaves  deciduous. 

a  1 .  P.  DEci'ouus  Dec,    The  deciduous  Winter  Berry* 

Jimt(fleation.    Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  16. ;  DonU  lllill.,  8.  p.  90. 
Synonymet.    /'lex    srlnbldet  AH,  Hari.  Kew.  8.  p.  978. ;  /Mex  decldtu 
941. 


WaU,  Fl,  Carol 
Engrapimg.    Our  J^.  239.  flrom  a  plant  In  tke  Hort.  Soc.  Garden 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  elliptic-lanceolate, 
tapered  to  the  petiole,  shallowly  serrated;  the  midrib 
villous  beneath.  Peduncles  axilWy ;  those  of  the  male 
flowers  several  together ;  of  the  female  ones,  singly. 
Berries  red.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Vir- 
ginia to  Georgia,  on  rocky  shady  banks  of  rivers.  Height 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  white  ;  June 
and  July.    Berries  largje,  crimson ;  ripe  in  December. 

Plants  of  thia  species  are  in  Loddiges's  nursery,  under 
the  name  of  Plex  jirinoides. 

m  2.  P.  AMBi^GUUS  MichjT,     The  ambiguous  Winter  Berry. 

Idenlifleaikm,    Hichx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  9.  p.  896.  |   Dec.  Prod,  9.  p.  17. ; 

Don's  Mill..  9.  p.  90. 
Synomytne,    Cas^ne  carollniitna  Wait.  FL  Carol,  p.  949. 
Engra96»g9,    WaU.  Dend.  Brit.,  t.  99. ;  and  our  fig,  888. 

Spec,  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  oval,  acuminate  at  both 
ends  ;  both  adult  ones  and  young  ones  glabrous  in  every 
part.  Peduncles  of  the  male  flowers  crowded  together  in 
the  lower  parts  of  the  branchleta ;  of  the  female  ones, 
singly.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  New  Jersey 
to  Caroling,  in  wet  sandy  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white;  June  to  August. 
Berries  red ;  ripe  in  November. 

The  leaves  are  subirobricate,  serrated,  acute  at  the  apex,  and 
the  berries  small,  round,  smooth,  and  red.  There  is  a  hand- 
some plant  of  thia  species  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges,  which,  in  1835,  was  5  ft.  high.  It  is  of  easy  culture  in  any 
free  soil ;  and  is  propagated  by  $eeds,  cuttings,  or  layers. 


Ut.    PrtsMi  dMtdvm. 


t88.    P.uDbfcBW. 


§  ii.   Ageria  Dec. 


Sect,  Char.    Flowers   usually    6-cleft.     Leaves    deciduous.     (Dec,  Prod,, 
ii.  p.  17.) 

•  3.  P,  VBRTXCXLLA^us  L,    The  whorled  Winter  Berry. 


Itlent^leathn,    Lin.  8| 

Synonfpma,     P.  fiadl 

P.coofMus  AfamcA 


Lin.  Spec,  471. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  17^  Don's  WM..  S.  p.  80. 
.  padlf  Uiiu  Waid.  Bnum,  p.  SM.  s  P.  QmabyU  IClchz.  Fl.  Bor. 
ramcA  {  P.  pnmifMloi  LvM,  Cat. 


Amor.  8.  p.  936.  t 


XXI.  ^auiFOtu\;E£ :  pri'nos. 

I.M.i  Dub.Ar 


id  A.  Ul.  Awn  III' 
S^m.  Char-t  l^c.  Leares  deciduous,  othI. 
Date,  seriBted,  pubescent  beneath.  Male 
flowers  in  aiillary  umbet-shaped  fascicles ; 
the  feniBle  ones  aggrecate,  tbe  flowen  of 
both  sexes  S-parled.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  de- 
ciduous thnib.  Canada  to  Virginia,  in  wet  1 
woods.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1736.  Flowm  white  ;  June  to  August. 
Berries  r«d  or  crimson,  turning  purple ;  ripe 
in  November. 

There  are  two   handsome  plania  of  tills 

-  ,-vj-.  spedesin  Loddiges'a  arboretum,  7fl,  hid),  one 

nMH  —iMum     of  which  u  under  the  name  of  P,  jmmiiolius. 

■  4.  P.  utvioAWvi  Ftirih.    The  tmootb-leatied  Winter  Berry. 

-      -   FlSeiH-Annr.,   l.j..MO.i  D«.F™i..t  p.lT.1    „ 
Ei^^^^)^!'''w£.  Daod.  Bilt.,  t.  n.  I  ud  OUF  A|.  IK.  ' 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  deciduous,  lanceolate,  serrated,  y 
the  teeth  directed  forwards,  acuminate  ;  glabrous  on  \ 
both  Buriaces,  except  on  the  nerves  beneath,  where  ' 
they  are   slightly    pubescent ;    upper  aurfiice   glossy. 
Flowers  6-clcfl ;  the  male  ones  scattered ;  the  female 
ones  axillary,  solitary,  almost  sesulc.  {Dec.  Prod.')    A 
deciduous  shrub.  New  York  to  Virginia,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains.    Htnght  6  ft,  to  8  it.     Introduced  in 
IBIE.    Flowers  white ;  July,     Berries  large,  daA  red ; 
ripe  ID  November. 

Tbc  plant  of  this  species  in  Lod- 

i^s's  arboretum  was  4  ft.  hi^  in 

iB35.    Readily  distinguished  by  its 

somewhat  coore  succulent  leaves  and 

shoots,  the  latter,  when  young,  tinged 

with  ioA  purple. 

m  i.  P.  lancbola'tiis  Parii.     The  lanceolate-Jmnrt' 

Winter  Berry. 

IdtmtikaaiM.   Punb  H.  Bqil.  Am*r.,  1.  p.  IT.,  DtcTni.,  Xt.n.; 

^fmomjfma.    p.  cvivUewU  Zfin ;  P.  lAddui  Korl. 

SivrnAw.    Oiir.14.  n6.  fmni  ■  plut  In  till  Don.  Soc.  Gvd». 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  lanceolate,  remotely 
and  very  lightly  serrulate,  smooth  on  both  suriaces. 
Male  flowers  aggregate,  triandrous ;  female  ones  mostly 
m  pairs,  peduncTed,  and  6-cleft.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deci- 
duous shrub,  Carolina  to  Oeotpa,  in  Ion  grounds. 
Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers 
white ;  June  and  July.  Boriea  small,  scarlet ;  ripe  in 
November. 
HI.  nwimMiM.  Yiig  pj^j  [„  Loddiges's  aitoretiUD  is  8ft.  high. 

}  iii.  ffmterlia  Mcench, 


□a 


Flowers,  for  the  most  part,  6^jeft.     Leaves  permanent.    (Dec. 


166 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


tSS.    PrtaatRlkbK. 


ii  6.  P.  GLA^ER  L,    The  glabroas  Winter  Berry. 

Identification.    Lin.  Spec.,  471. ;  Doc.  Prod.,  3.  p.  17.  i  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  20. 
Synonyme.    Ink  berry,  Amer. 

Engraving.    Our  fy['  338.  from  nature.    The  figure  under  this  niune  in  Wats.  Dend.,  t.  27.,  is  that 
of  F.  corliceus  Pursk, 

Spec,  Char,^  Sfc,  Evergreen.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
with  wedge-shaped  bases,  coriaceous,  glabrous, 
glossy,  somewhat  toothed  at  the  tip.  Flowers 
mostly  three  on  an  axiliarv  peduncle  that  is  usu- 
ally solitary.  Fruit  black.  {Dec,  Prod,)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  shady 
woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1759. 
Flowers  white ;  July  and  August.  Berries  black ; 
ripe  in  November. 

A  low  but  very  handsome  evei^green  shrub,  which, 
in  its  native  country,  makes  a  fine  show,  when 
covered  with  its  black  berries.  In  Loddigjes's  arbo- 
retum it  has  attained  the  height  of  4  ft.,  with  a  regu- 
lar ovate  shape,  densely  clothed  with  shining  foliage. 

m  7.  P,  coriaV^bus  Pursh,    The  coriaceous-Z^av^  Winter  Berry. 

Identifleation.    Pursh  Fl.  Sept  Amer.,  I.  p.  221. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  17. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  21. 
Svnongfme.    P.  sliber  Wats. 

Engravings.    Wats.  Dend.  Brit.,  t.  27.,  and  Hot.*  Cab.,  4M.,  under  the  name 
of  P.  glabor ;  and  out  Jig.  289. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leaf  lanceolate,  with  a  wedge- 
shaped  base,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  glossy,  entire.  Flowers 
in  short,  sessile,  axillary  corymbs,  many  in  a  corymb. 
{Dec,  Prod,)  A  handsome,  tall,  evergreen  shrub.  Georgia, 
in  sandy  woods  near  the  banks  of  nvers.  Height  8  ft.  to 
10ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  white;  June  and 
July.    Berry  black ;  ripe  in  November. 

Vaiiet'iet,  This  species  varies,  with  leaves  broader,  obovate- 
lanceolate,  and  acuminate ;  and  narrower,  lanceolate,  and 
acute.  {Dec,  Prod,)  The  broad-leaved  variety  appears  to 
be  that  figured  in  Lod,  Bot,  Cab,,  t.  450. 

The  general  aspect  of*  this  plant  is  that  of  /^lex  Dahoon.  It  is  a  handsome 
shrub,  well  deserving  a  place  m  collections. 

Other  Specie*  of  Prinos.  —  P.  d^hiut  O.  Don.  and  P.  atomdriut  Nutt.  have 
been  introduced,  and,  probably,  some  others;  but  we  have  only  noticed 
those  of  which  we  have  seen  living  plants,  and  which  we  consider  to  be 
tolerably  distinct,  though  there  are  probably  only  three  species  of  Prinos ; 
two  of  which  are  deciduous,  and  the  other  evergreen. 


t3S.    AtiiMM  tarihmn. 


Order  XXII.     iXHAMNA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Char,  Calyx  ^— 5-cleft  ;  sestivation  valvate.  Corolla  of  4—5  petals ; 
in  some  absent.  Petals  cucuUate,  or  convolute,  inserted  into  the  onfice  of 
the  calyx.  Stamens  4* — 5,  opposite  the  petals,  perigynous.  Ovary  supe- 
rior, or  half-superior,  2-,  3-,  or  4r>celled,  surrounded  by  a  fleshv  disk.  Ovules 
one  in  a  cell,  erect,  as  are  the  seeds.  Fruit  fleshy  and  indehiscent,  or  dry 
and  separating  into  3  divisions. — Trees  or  shrubs,  often  spiny,  and  generally 
deciduous.  {Lindl,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  very  seldom  opposite,  with    minute  stipules. 


XXII.    AHAMNA^CE^E  :    ZrZYPHUS.  167 

deciduous  or  evergreen.     Flowers  axillary  or  terminal.  —  Chiefly  natives  of 
Europe  or  North  America. 

They  are  ornamental  in  British  ^rdens  and  shrubberies,  chiefly  from  the  va- 
riety of  their  foliage,  and  from  their  berries  ;  but  some  of  them,  as  Ceanothus, 
from  their  flowers.  They  are  all  of  easy  culture ;  and  they  are  propagated  by 
seeds,  cuttings,  or  layers.  The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  six ;  which 
are  characterised  as  follows :  — 

Zi^ZYPUvs  Thtum,  Petals  5.  Styles  2 — ^3.  Fruit  an  ovoid  mucilaginous  drupe. 

Nuts  1 — 3-celled.     Seed  compressed.     A  deciduous  low  tree  or  shrub. 
Paliu^rus  Tovm.    Petals  6.     Styles  3.    Fruit  dry,  indehiscent,  girded  with 

a  broad  membranaceous  wing,  3-celled.     Seed  ovate.     Spiny  shrubs. 
BKRCHB^/i<  Necker.     "^etals  6.    Style  1.     Stigmas  2.     Fruit  an  oblong  dry 

drupe  ;  the  nut  2-celled.     A  twining  deciduous  shrub  from  Carolina. 
7?iia'mnus  Lam.    Petals  in  some  absent.     Style  2 — 44-cleft.     Fruit  nearly 

dry,  or  berried,  2— 4-ceIled.  Seed  oblong.  Shrubs  or  small  trees,  deciduous 

or  evergreen  ;  chiefly  natives  of  Europe,  but  some  of  N.  America  and  Asia. 
Colle'tia  Comm.     Corolla  none.    Style  ending  in  3  teeth.    Fruit  a  3-ceIIed 

capsule.    Spiny  shrubs  ;  natives  of  Peru  or  Chile. 
Cbano^hus  X.  Petals  5.     Styles  2 — 3,  united.     Fruit  a  dry  berry,  3-celIed, 

rarely  2 — 4p-celied.     Seed  ovate.     Shrubs,  evergreen  or  deciduous,  from 

North  America. 

Genus  I. 


ZrZYPHUS  Thum,   The  Jujube.  Lin.  Sytt.  Pentandria  Di-Trigynia. 

Identificaikm.     Tourn.  Inst.,  t.  408.:   Gaert.  Fnxct.,  l.p.  43;  Lam.  111.,  t.  185.  {  Dec.  Prod.,  2. 

p.  19&  ;  BroDgn.  Mtea.  RhaniM  P-  47. 
Sunfmyme$.    Jmubier,  Fr. :  Judendorn,  Ger.i  Giugglolo,  Ilal. 
Verivation.    From  »wot|r,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  lotus. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  spreading,  5-cleft.  Petals  5,  obovate,  unguiculate,  convolute. 
Stamens  5,  exseited.  Anthers  ovate,  2-celled.  Dish  flat,  pentagonal,  ex- 
panded, adhering  to  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary  2 — 3-celled,  immersed 
m  the  disk.  Styles  2 — 3.  Frtat  fleshy,  containing  a  1 — 2-celled  nut. 
{Don's  ATtlL,  2.  p.  23.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  3-nerved.     Flowers  axil- 
lary. —  Only  one  hardy  species.    A  low  tree  or  shrub  from  Syria. 

¥   1.  Z.  vuLGA^Ris  Lam.    The  common,  or  cultivated.  Jujube. 

Jdent{fieation.    Lam.  III.,  185.  f.  1. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  19. ;  Don's  MiU.,  9.  p.  23. 

Sifnotwntes.    Ahiimnus  Zisvphos  Liu.  Spec.  283.,  Pall.  JZ.  Ro»$.  2.  t.  99. ;  Z.  saUva  De^f.  Arb.  2. 

p.  an.,  N.  Dtt  Ham.  1. 16.,  but  not  of  Gert. ;  Z.  JUuba  Mill.  Diet.  No.  1.,  but  not  of  Lam. ; 

JiUubler  cultlT^,  Pr. ;  Bnutbeeren,  Ger.i  Glugglolo,  JUU. 
Engravings.    Lam.  Dl.,  185.  £  1. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  3.  t.  16.  {  and  omjig.  240. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Branchlets  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  retuse,  denticulate, 
glabrous ;  or,  beneath,  pubescent  along  the  nerves.  Prickles  not  any,  or 
twin,  one  of  them  recurved.  Drupe  ovate-oblong.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deci- 
duous tree.  The  Sou^h  of  Europe  and  Syria.  Height  in  the  South  of 
Europe  20  ft.  to  3011. ;  and  in  England  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1640. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow;  August  and  September.  Fruit  blood-red  oi 
safl^on  ;  rarely  seen  in  England. 

Stem  thick,  cylindrical,  somewhat  twisted.     The  bark  is  brown,  and  rather 

chapped.    The  branches  are  numerous,  pliant,  armed  with  prickles,  zigzag  in 

their  direction ;  the  prickles  at  the  joints  being  two  of  unequal  size,  of  which 

one  is  almost  straight,  and  the  other  shorter  and  quite  straight.     The  leaves 

are  alternate  and  oval-oblong,  somewhat  hard  and  coriaceous.     The  flowers 

are  small,  axillary,  of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  with  short  peduncles.    The  fruit 

af  4 


168  ARBORETUM    ET   FBtlTICETVM    BRITAKHICUH. 

M  ovel-oblone,  reseoiEtliiiE  ihat  of  theoUve;  at 
fint  green,  aAerwnrdi  yellow,  anit  entirely  red 
when  ripe.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is  ubcu  for 
making  the  jujube  lozenges.  The  plane  i> 
tolerably  hardy  ;  having  stood  the  winter  of 
1837-e  in  the  Hort  Soc.  Oonlen.  It  ie  easily 
increated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  whether  of 
young  or  old  trees ;  or  bj  suckers,  which  it 
throws  up  in  the  greatest  abundance.  Seeds 
of  it  may  also  be  procured  from  Italy. 


but  it  is  only  hatf-hardy;  and  (he  same  may 
be  said  of  i.  tphta  OaiiA,  Z.  JUxaota,  and 
Z.  bicirva,  which  are  marked  in  some  cata- 
logues as  hardy. 


PALIITRUSI,.  Thb  PALiuaus,  or  CssrfT's  r»OJtIf.  Lm.  Sytl.  PtntiDdria 
Trig^nia. 
in  Prod  Fl.  Nep,p.lB9.iDM.PTi>d,  l.p.  M-jDool 


Gen.  Char.     Co^  spreading,  5-cleil.     Felait  5,  obovate,  convolute.     Sbaneia 

5,  protruding.  ^ntAiTf  ovate,  8-celled.  ZJuA  flat,  pentagonal.  Ovon  3-celled. 

StgUi  3.  Fnat  dry,  indebiscent,  expanding  into  a  membrane  round  the  disk, 

containing  a  3-celled  nut.  (Ihi^x  Mill.) 

Leaoei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  nerved  with  spuies  in  the 

axils.     FloiMrt  axillary,  greenish  yellow. 

Two  species  are  hardy,  and  very  ornamental  from  their  shining  leaves,  and 
abundance  of  rich  greenish  yellow  flowers,  which  are  succeeded  by  fruit  of 
rather  a  singular  form.  Propagated  by  seeds,  which  they  produce  in  England, 
in  abundance. 

T  S  1.  P.  ACtiLEiVus  Lam.     The  prickly  Paliurus,  or  Chriiet  Thom. 
UcniMcaUim.    Lun.  IU.,t.aia.i  Fl.  Fr..<d.).,  N(i.4DSI.  I  N.  Du  Him.,  1. 1.  IT. ;  Doa'l  MUI.,t. 

Svuiwwl.  i*.  ptUIOi  Dun.  Ci>¥n.  6.  p.  MS.:  /■,  uutrUll  OtITt.  Pna.  l.t.O.  t.  S-t  P.fUlgMl 
D.l>o»  Prod.  n.  Kep.  )m.i  jmtmnui  />iLiarui  LM.  Sprc.  Ml.:  Zdrpkui  i^diami  iriUd. 
SgrcJ.  p.  IISJ,,  Slmi  Bol.  Mm.  1.  1993  ;  ChlUI'l  Thorn,  or  Run  of  Llbn,  Gtmrt;  E'rtn*  de 
Chrjit/^on,  PDrl^h.p«u:iV. ,  gHldBdter  Jmlcndorn,  Otr.  j  Glunolo  uItiUcd.  IuI.  i  XUb, 

].  \V.  EM  Hun..  I.  I,  i;.  i   Bot.  Uu,  I.  ISM.  ;  tin  p£e<  of  Ml 


ifrrarifuft-     LKa.    Ill-,  i.  Bid.  i  ^.  Du  Hun..  B.  I.  IT. :   Bot.  Mu.,  t-  I'" 
ipcrlaii^otli  In  1  young  and  u  oldlUU.  In  Arb.  Brtt.,  IK  (djl..  tA.  t.  I  I 

Sjicc.  Char.,  S[c.  Branchleta  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate,  serrulated,  quite 
smooth,  S^ierved,  with  two  spines  at  the  base,  one  straight,  the  other  re- 
curved. Flowers  in  axillary  crowded  umbellules  •,  few  in  an  umbellule. 
Wing  of  capsule  crenated.  {Don't  SrJI.')  A  branching  deciduous  shrub,  or 
low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  and  North  and  West  of  Asia.  Udght15it.to 
:K)ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July. 
Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  fruit  is  bucklcr-shnped,  flat  and  thin,  but  coriaceous.  From  the  sin- 
gular B[>pearance  of  this  fruit,  which  has  the  footstalk  attached  to  the  Duddle, 
which  IS  raised  like  the  crown  of  a  hatj  and  the  flattened  disk,  which  re> 


Txii.  shamsacem:  berchem/^. 


aenibtes  its  britn ;  the  Frcncb  have  given  this  tree  the  Dame  ot porle-chapcau. 
On  both  shores  of  the  MediterraaeBn,  it  mwt  to  about  the  same  heigQt  as 
the  common  hawthorn,  on  rockj  sterile  places.  In  manj  parts  of  Italy  the 
hedges  are  fonoed  of  this  plant,  as  they  are  of  the  hawthorn  in  Britain  (  it  is 
also  the  common  hedge  plant  ia  Ams,  Any  common  soil ;  seeds,  or  cuttings 
of  there    ■ 


(G.  Don.)     A  deciduous  shrub.     NeptJ,  on  mountuns. 

Height   10  it  to   15  ft.      Introduced  in  ]81».      Flowers 

greenish  je1low_,  in  axillary  corymbs ;  July  and  August, 

Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  only  tree  which  we  have  seen  of  this  species  is  in 
the  Chelsm  Botanic  Garden,  where  in  general  aspect  it 
bears  a  close  resemblance  to  P,  aculeitus,  of  which  it  is  in 
hU  probability  only  a  variety. 

Genus  III. 


0 


BERCHE^M/^  Neck.    Tbb  BEmcasMU.    tm.  SyiL  Peotindria 
Monog^nia. 

U^ficaUom.    Nnk.  Elem.,  1  p.  111.  t  Dk.  Prod,  1.  p.  ».  i  Drongn.  Uim.  Rhvo,,  it, ;  Dc 


170  ARBOHETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANS'ICUM. 

Diik  BimulBr,  rather  flat.     Ovary  half-iniincned  b  the  disk,  2-cel1e(].     Sfyle 
short,  bifid  at  the  apex.     Fnat  dry,  inJehiacent,  2-celled.  (Don't  JUili.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  Derred.  Flatuert  terminal, 
dicedoua  by  defect ;  small,  greenish  yelloir.  —  A  twining  deciduous  shrub  i 
a  native  of  Carolina ;  of  easy  culture  in  any  common  soil,  and  propagated 
by  seeds,  or  cuttings  of  the  root. 

-I  1.  B.  voLU^BiLis  Dec.    The  twuiing  Berchcmia. 


IdtMj/liallim.    Dk.  Prod..  1.  n.  n.  ;  Don'i  Mill..  3.  p.  IT. 

Svmmrma.    Ahimuiu  Toi!ibU\t  LIm.  JU.  Sk^  119..  Jocf.  lam.  liar.  t.  tStl.  i   ZlITpblu  itaiaUUl 

If'iIJd.Spn.  l.p.llOl.i  (SBtfMtnSubiliiSeAia.S^il.i.p.iti.:  Supple  Jl».  FirfiWaa. 
EngrtirbigK.    Jacq.  Icon.  Rv.,  t-AM.;  our  JIg.iAS.  In  Aoirer,  utd  Jig.  2*4.  In  frulE,  lYom  rvicUR. 

^lec.  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  glabrous,  rvthcr  tinniDg.  Leaves  oval,  mucronuc, 
somewhat  waved.  Flowers  dicecioua.  Drupes  oblong.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
deciduous  twining  shrub.  Ctuflina  and  Virginia,  in  deep  swamps.  Height, 
in  America,  20  ft.  to  50  il.  j  in  British  gardens,  H  (I.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in 
1714.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July.  Fruit  violet-coloured; 
ripe  in  October. 
According  to  Pursh,  thi^  species,  in  V^inia,  ascends  the  highest  trees,  and 

is  known  by  tbe  name  of  Supple  Jack.     The  dtans  twine  round  one  another. 


or  any  object  which  they  mav  be  near.  In  British  gardens,  they  aro  seldom 
seen  above  8  or  10  feet  hign;  probably  from  little  attention  being  paid  to 
place  the  plant  in  a  deeji  sandy  or  peaty  soil,  and  to  supply  it  with  abundance 
of  moisture  in  the  growing  sea«oii.     In  fine  seasons  it  npeni  fruiL 


HyyULJU 

AHA'MNUS    Lam.      Tbe   Buckthorn.      Lm.  Syit.  Pentindria  Mono- 
gjnia. 


Gen.  0UIT.  Calyx  urceolate,  4 — 5^1eti.  Slameni  bearing  ovate  2-celled  an- 
thers. Diit  thin,  covering  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovary  free,  3 — 1-celled. 
Sty/fi  3—*,  connected  or  free.  Frail  baccate,  containing  3 — *indehlscent 
nuts.  (Don'i  Mill.) 

Learct   simplo,  alternate,  stipubte,  deciduous,  sub-cvergrecn,  or  ever- 


XXII.  bhamna'ces:  aha'hnus.  171 

green  ;  fcather-nened  ;  the  stipulea  never  converted  into  prickles.   Flouiert 

axillary,  aggregate,  often   unisexual.     .fVuif   not   eatable,  generally   block, 

rarely  red  or  yellow. 

Deciduous  or  evergreen  shrubs,  with  the  tips  of  their  branches  often  bc' 
coming  spines.  One  or  tvo  species  haie  the  habit  of  low  trees,  and  some  of 
them  ere  sub.procunibent  or  procumbent ;  all  of  them,  except  the  latter,  being 
distinguiihed  by  an  upright  stiff  mode  of  erowth,  and  niunerous  strong  thorns 
in  thetr  wild  state;  whence  the  name  of  ram,  or  buck,  thorn.  The  flowers 
in  alt  the  species  are  inconspicuous ;  but  R.  ^lal^nus  and  its  varieties  are 
most  valuable  evei^een  shrubs,  and  several  of  the  other  species  are  orna- 
mental, both  from  their  fohage  and  their  fruit ;  the  latter  of  which  is  also 
usefiil  in  dyeing.  All  the  species  are  easily  propuated  by  seeds  or  layers,  and 
roost  of  them  by  cuttings  i  and  they  will  all  grow  m  any  soil  that  is  dry.  They 
all  vary  much  in  magmtude  by  culture,  in  common  with  most  plants  which,  in 
a  wild  state,  grow  in  arid  soils. 

5  i,   Marcorelia  Neck. 

Sgmmfmri.    AUnuiui  uid  JliUniui  or  Tonn. 

Sect.  Char.  Flowers  usually  dioecious,  and  5-cleft.  Fruit  a  berry,  whh  3 
seeds,  or,  from  abortion,  2  seeds.  Seeds  deeply  fiirrowed,  with  the  raphe 
in  the  bottom  of  the  fiirrow.  Leaves  usually  permanent  {  coriaceons,  and 
glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  83.) 

A.  ALATB'jtSUs  Toum.     Floivcn  raeemaie,  5-cltft.     Evergreen  Shn^i. 
'»  1.  R.  ^LAT^HNus  L.    The  Alalemus. 

Iilcniiacaliim.    LlD.   Saec..   Ml.;    I>«.   Prod.,  1,   T-^^i   Don'* 

HUL.1.P.U. 
Snnvwi.  jnairamFiiaitnt>em.Dlcl.tla.l.:A\iimM.IIal. 
Dfritai^m-    Fnnn  aitetiHii,  m  BoDBric  Duae  Adopted  from  DioH 

KngrovinfM.    UILl.  Diet-,  t.  10.  f  1.;  N.  Du  HuD.,  3.  p>  43-  t,  14,  ; 

amdourjit.  Mk 
Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-elliptical,  or  lance- 
olate, coriaceous,  quite  smooth,  serrated.  Flowers 
duxcious,  disposed  in  short  racemes.  (Don't  Miil.y 
An  evei^reen  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and 
North  of  Africa,  Height  10  ft,  to  20  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1629.  Flowersgreen,  without  any  corolla; 
April  to  June.  Beny  black ;  ripe  in  October. 
Vmietia.  •*>■  ■"»=—'>«*-- 

■  R.  A.  3  baiedrica  Hort,  Par,  The  Shfimnus  rotundiftliuj  of  Du- 
mont.  —  Leaves  roundish ,  We  take  this  as  the  finit  variety,  a 
the  species  to  be  what  is  called  R. 
A.  latifblia,  which  is  the  commonest 
variety  in  British  nurseries. 
**  B  R.  A.  3  ^inica  Hort.  Par.  (Our  J^. 
246.)  —  Leaves  ovate,  a  little  toothed,  i 
>  R.  A.  4  anguttifiHa.  R.  CIUbu  Willd. 
(Mill.  Icon.,  t.  16.  fig.  2.  ;  and  our 
j^.  247.)  Leaves  long  and  narrow. — 
This  variety  is  so  <]istinct,  that  it  is  by 
man;  authors  considered  as  a  spedea. 
It  IS  of  remarkably  rapid  erowth. 
There  are  two  subvarieiies  of  it,  the 
gold-striped,  and  the  silver-striped ; 
bothof  remarkably  free  srowth.  ""'  "■■'■'* 

■  R.  A.  5J61m  mocu/ufu.— Leaves  blotched  with  yellov 

■  R.  A.  S  Jolut  a&reii. — Leaves  edged  with  yellow- 


172 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


ii  R.  A.  7  foMt  argSjiteis, — This  variety,  which  is  very  conspicuous  from 
the  large  proportion  of  the  leaves  which  is  white,  is  more  tender  than 
some  of  the  others.  It  generally  does  best  against  a  wall,  and  is  well 
worth  a  place  there,  on  account  of  its  splendid  appearance,  especially 
in  winter. 

In  British  gardens,  this  shrub  is^  particularly  valuable  for  the  rapidity  of  its 
growth  in  almost  any  soil  and  situation,  more  especially  the  narrow-leaved 
variety.  It  is  less  injured  by  the  smoke  of  coal  than  most  other  evergreens. 
The  species,  and  all  the  varieties,  are  readily  pro- 
pagate by  cuttings,  which  are  taken  off  in  autumn, 
and  planted  in  sandy  soil,  in  a  shady  border,  and 
covered  with  a  hand-glass.  As  the  roots  are  not 
very  productive  of  fibres,  when  large  plants  are 
chosen,  they  should  be  such  as  have  been  reared  in 
pots,  in  order  that  they  may  receive  no  check  from 
removaL 

Skm  2.  it.  hy'bridus  L'HSrU,  The  hybrid  Alaternus. 

Identifleaiiom.    L'H^rit.  Sert.,  t.  5. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  28. ;  Don's 

MU1.»  S.  p.  33. 
S^fumffme.    B.  borgundlaciu  Hort.  Par. ;  B»  fempervlrens  Hor- 

fulttn. 
Bi^tnifiigt.    L*Hirlt.  Sort.,  t.  5. ;  and  onrjig.  348. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  oblong,  acuminated,  ser- 
rated, smooth,  shining,  hardly  permanent,  rather 
coriaceous.  Flowers  androgynous.  (Don's  Mill,) 
A  garden  hybrid,  a  sub-evergreen  shrub,  raised 
fi'om  R,  alpinus,  fecundated  by  R,  i41at^mus,  and 
forming  a  very  distinct  and  desirable  kind,  which, 
in  British  gardens,  grows  to  the  height  of  10  or 
12  feet.  The  flowers  are  green,  and  appear  in  May 

or  June.  14S.    Uti&mina  hyiiridiu. 

B.  'Rh/mnus  Dec.     Flowers  ifde/i,  m  Fascicles, 
a.  JBranchlets  terminating  in  a  Thorn, 
It  tk  Z,  R.  catha'rticus  L,    The  purguig  Buckthorn. 

IdetU&taaion.    Lin.  Spea,  8S0. ;   Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  34.   Don's 

MUl.,  3.  p.  80. 
SMMmynie.    The  White  Thorn  of  the  modem  Greeks. 
JSngravings.    Eog.  Bot,  t.  1G39. ;  K.  Da  Ham.,  3. 1. 10. ;   the 

plate  ortbis  tpedes  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toL  t.  ;  and  our 
>l^.349. 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc,  Erect.  Leaves  ovate,  toothed. 
Flowers  in  fascicles,  polygamo-dioecious.  Berries 
4-seeded,  rather  globose.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  deci- 
duous shrub  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  Britain, 
in  woods  and  thickets,  on  calcareous  loamy  soil. 
Hei^t  10  ft.  to  12  ft.;  in  cultivation,  12  ft.  to 
15ft.  Flowers  yellowish  green,  with  very  narrow 
petals ;  May.  Ber^  black  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Decaying  leaves  yellowish  green.  Naked  young 
wood  whitish. 

The  flowers  are,  for  the  most  part,  hermaphro- 
dite, and  in  a  wfld  state  abundant  and  clustered ; 
but  in  a  state  of  cultivation  they  are  fewer,  and 
nearly  solitary.  The  juice  of  the  unripe  berries 
is  of  the  colour  of  8afih)n,  and  it  is  used  for  staining 
maps  or  paper  :  they  are  sold  under  the  name  of 
French  berries.   The  juice  of  the  ripe  berries,  mixed  with  alum,  forms  the  sap 


149*   JUi4iiiin»  CBtbirtlcui. 


XXII     AHAMNAXE^:    iiHA  MNUS. 


173 


p.  3 


green  of  painters ;  but,  if  the  berries  be  fathered  late  in  the  autumn,  the  juice 
IS  purple.    Plants  of  this  species  attain  uie  height  of  9  ft.  in  10  years. 

m  4.  R.  TiNCTo^Rius  Waldtt,    The  Dyer's  Buckthorn. 

Waldst.  et  Kit.  Fl.  Bar.  Bung.,  3.  p.  869. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  94. ;  Don's  Mill...  9. 

B.  eardiotptemus  WiOd.  Berb. 
Hayna  AbbOd.,  t.  97.  and  oar>^.  980.) 

Spec,  Chttr.f  ^c.  Erect.  Leaves  ovate,  crenate-ser- 
rated.  Petioles  vUlous.  Flowers  crowded,  dioecious. 
Berries  obcordate,  3 — 4-seeded.  {DotCs  ASU.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Huneary,  in  hedges.  Height  8  ft. 
Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  Bfay 
and  June.    Berries  yellow ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  plant  of  this  species,  in  the  garden  of  the  London 
Horticultural  Society^  was,  in  1834,  3  ft.  high,  after 
being  7  years  planted. 

•*  5.  R.  iNFECTo^Rius  L.    The  staining  Buckthorn,  or  Avignon  Berry, 


-berried,  Backihom ; 
fiirbender  Wegdom,  Qtr. 
Ard.  Mfoi.,  78. 1. 14. ;  N.  Uu  Ham.,  Vol.  t.  t.  Tt. ;  «id  mtfig,  961. 

Spec.  Ckar,f  Sfc,  Leaves  ovateJanceolate,  serrulated,  smoothish.  Flowers 
dioecious,  bearing  petals  in  both  sexes.  (DofCs  Mill,)  A  deciduous,  sub- 
procumbent  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  m  rocky  places ;  common  about 
Avignon  and  the  Vauduse.  Height  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced  in  1683.  Flowers  ereenish  yellow ;  June  and  ^Am 
July.    Berry  SUcelled,  blaoc ;  ripe  m  September. 

The  root  fixes  itself  so  firmlv  in  the  fissures  of  the 
rodLs,  that  the  plant  can  scarcely  be  pulled  up.  The 
stem  divides  immediately  into  branches,  that  are  very 
much  subdivided,  and  form  a  very  close  head,  the 
shoots  having  numerous  spines,  bodi  terminating  and 
lateral.  The  berries  are  used  for  dveing  leather  yel- 
low ;  and  the  Turkey  leather,  or  yeUow  morocco,  is 
generally  supposed  to  be  coloured  by  them. 

j(  6.  R,  SAXA^TiLis  Ir.    The  Stone  Buckthorn. 

Jdent^fieatimk,    Lin.  Sp.,  1671.;  Dec. Prod.,  2.  p.  94. ;  Don's  Mill.,  9.  p.  81. 
Suwmnmea,    S,  longiioUos  MOL  Diet. ;  Stein  Wegdom,  Ger, ;  I^do  Italiano.  ItiO. 
Engrwi$»g$,    Jaoq.  Aoitr.,  t.  48. ;  Hayne  AbbUd,  t.  96. ;  Schmidt,  Z.  U  157. ;  and  our  /(f.  959. 

Spec,  Char.y  S^c  Procumbent,  or  erectish. 
Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  serrulated,  smooth- 
ish. Flowers  dioecious,  female  ones  destitute 
of  petals.  (Don^i  MUl.^  A  procumbent  de-  4^ 
ciduous  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  among  V 
rocks,  in  Austria,  Switzerland,  Italy,  and 
Greece.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1752. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow;  June  and  July. 
Berries  black,  containing  three  whitish  seeds, 
each  enclosed  in  a  dry  whitish  membrane, 
which  se()arate8,  when  ripe,  into  two  parts 
with  elastic  force ;  ripe  in  September. 


t5«. 


Miaul,  R,  J9uxiF0^LiC8  Poir,    The  Box-leaved  Buckthorn. 

IdentifleaUon,  Polr.  Diet.,  4.  p.  468. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  94.  t  Don's  Mill.,  9l  p.  31 . 
Sirnomjfma.  ?  R,  ftuxlfMlus  Broi.  FL  Lm.  1.  p.  301. ;  L^ciom  ftuxilMium  Btmh. 
EmgrtnrtHgt,    Da  Ham.,  3.  t  3.  No.  19.  ;  and  our  J^.  953. 

Spec*  Char,f  4^.    Diffuse.    Leaves  ovate,  quite  entire,  mucronate,  smooth. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETD.M   BRITANNICUH. 

coriaceous,  green  on  bodi  Bur- 
focet.  (Don't  Mm.)  A  But>> 
evergreeu  shrub.  Spun,  Italy, 
and  tlie  Levant,  on  hilfs. 
Height  S  ft.  to  4  ft.  tntrod. 
in  18S0.      Flowers  greenish 

r:llow )  June  sad  July.  Berry 
black;  ripe  P. 
A  verj  neat  shrub,  of  which 
tha«  is  a  good  specimen  in  the 
Chelsea  ^tanic  Garden,  which 
is  quite  harJjr. 


icauon.  UD.  ovAc,  m-i  Itec 
L,  1  p.  U.  i  Don-i  UiU.,  1.  p.  SI. 
i.j«d<=rA.a4. 

Spec,  Char.,  ifc.  Erect.  Leaves  linear,  quite  entire, 
obtuse,  smooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  {Dmit 
MJi.)  A  dedduous  shrub.  Spain,  on  the  lime- 
stone bills  of  Valenda.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced in  I75S.  Flowers  greenish  jellow ;  Ma; 
and  June.     Fruit  7. 

Ibe  red -wooded 


^>ec.  Char,,  ^e.  Erect.  Leaves  linear,  lanceolate,  quite  endre  or  sermted, 
smooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  Berries  oblong.  (Oon'f  Mill.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Mongolia  and  Siberia,  near  rivers.  Hraght  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1823.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  July  nnd  August  Berries  black 
ripe  in  September. 

Variety. 

*  R.  £.  S  iif^wffninium  Dec.  Prod. 
2.  p.  S5.,  R.  lya&Aea  PalL  Ft. 
Ron.  t.  63.,  and  our  fig.  256., 
has  the  leaves  narrow,  smaller, 
and  verv  finely  serrulated.    Na- 
tive of  Caucasus. 
Delights  in  a  warm  situation  ;  and 
in  cold  and  humid  places,  Pallas  ob> 
serves,   it   is   never  met  with.     The 
wood,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and 
red  colour,  is  used  by  the  Mongols 
for  making  their  images;  and  the  ber- 
ries, when  macerated  in  water,  afford 
them   a   deep   yellow   colour.      The  *  * 

tM.  ■.ajA.A)!^.  plants  jn  ji^  ^^Id  state,  is  a  prickly  "^  "■''"™""""°"- 

bush !  bnt,  when  cultivated,  the  spines  no  longer  appear. 

b.  BnmiAleU  net  Icnnmated  h/  Spinet. 
•  10.  R.  DABo'Ricni  PaU.     The  Dahurian  Buckthorn. 


XXII.    JJHAMNACE«:    RHA'MNUS. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sgc.  Erect.  Leaves  oblong- 
ovate,  Berrated,  Bmootb,  vein^.  Flowers 
dicecioua,  female  ones  with  bifid  stigmas. 
(^Doa't  Miii.)  A  deciduous  ahnib.  Da- 
hurja,  near  the  river  Ai^aiaua.  Height  5  ft. 
Introil.  in  1817.  Flowers  greenish  yellow; 
May  and  June.  Berry  black ;  ripe  Sept. 
The  general  ^pearance  of  the   plant  is 

that    of  S.  cathJirticui,   but    it  is  without 

(honu.  The  wood  ii  red,  and  is  called  sandal 

wood  by  the  Russians. 


Leaves  obovate  or  ovale,  serrulated,  obliquely  line- 
Bted  with  lateral  nerves,  acuminated  or  obtuse,  smoothiah  beneath,  except 
■■     -"Tves.     Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  diacious.     Pedicels  l-flowered,  ag- 
e.    Calyxes  acute.     Fruit  turbinate.  (Dan'i  MiU.} 
jduou*  shrub.     Hudson's  Bay  to  Pennsylvania,  in 
sphagnouB  swamps.     Height 
2ft.to4ft.  in  America!  6ft. 
to  B  ft.  in  Ei^land.     Introd. 
in  1778.      Fkiwers  greenish 
yellow  ;     June     and    July. 
Berry  black,  fleshy,  3-seeded; 
ripe  in  September. 

a  a  R.  a.  2  fiatiguloida 

Dec.  «.  franguloides  K 

ArK:jLr.(N.DuHeni.3. 
Khi™*«.-  I- 15.;  our/g.S59.)-  ^ , ,™,™. 

Leaves  oval,  serrated, 
pubescent  on  the  nerves  beneath.    Canada  to  Virg'nia.   Introd.  IHIO. 
■  18.  S.  ALPt'NUs  Lin.     The  Alpine  Buckthorn. 

E-utMmB.    N.Duriim-.S.t.U.  [  Bol.  CXi.,  tTlon.i  SdBiBWi.».t.  l«.;UMpUtBoni«treetn 
jfcb.  Ml,,  tn>dll,n>l.T.|Uiilour 

jbi.m.uidiei. 


Spec.  CXar.,  4^.     Erect,  twisted.     Leaves  oval   lanceolate,  crenatfejwrrated, 
smooth,  Iineated  with  many  parallel  nerves.     Flowers  dicecious,  female  ones 


176  ARBORETUU   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICDH. 

with  4-cIcftstigmB«.(Uon'iJUi!(.' 
A  dedduous  ihrub.  Alps  oi 
Switzerland,  Dauphinf,  vac 
CamioU.  He^t  5ft.  to  10ft 
Introd.  1758.  Flowers  greeDJsh 
May  and  June.  Berries  black 
ripe  in  September. 
Vtmely. 

has  much  larger  leave) 

tbu)  the  Bpedes.  ItformB 

when  well  growa,  a  tct] 

striking  and    liajidsani< 

olgect,  from  the  large  ain 

of  ita  leave!  and  buds. 
This  U  a  ver;  distinct  specie* 
and  remarkable  for  its  twisted 
leavea.  Here  are  strong  plants  ol 
both  tbe  spedei  and  the  varietjr  ii] 
the  arboretum  of  Meaer*.  Loddiges 
and  of  the  Tftriety  in  the  garden  ol 
the  Hort.  Soc.,  which,  in  10  jear» 
hare  attained  the  height  of  6  ft., 
with  numerous  suberect  brandies, 
clothed  with  a  purplish  bark. 

-t   13.   S.  rvulLVS  Li«.     The  dwarf  Buckthorn. 

Mnx^oKton.    Lin.  M»nt.,».  [  Don'iMUmji.  » 
jwwiyjt.    B.  niptstrti  Scop.  Cora.  1. 1,  i. ;  Riuaa  ipinsiud,  Ilal. 
£iVaii*vi'  Soi)^Cani..I.t.S.  iScbmldlAr)i.,S.t.IM.;  indonijtf.KI. 
^pec.  Char.,  Sfc.      Plant   procumbent,   much    branched. 
Leaves  orate,  serrated,  smooth.     Flawcm  herniaphro> 
dite.  [Don't  Miil.)     A  dedduous   procumbent   sDruh. 
MouDt  Baldo  m  the  Alps,  and   CamJola,   in  the  fis- 
sures of  rocks.  Heists  ft.  Introd.  1732.    The  flowers 
greenish  jellow  within  and  red  without,  the  stamens 
white;  June  and  July.    Berries  black  ;  ripe  in  Sept. 
The  plant  bearing  Ibis  name  in  the  London  gardens  we 
have  never  seen  in  such  a  thriving  state  as  to  enable  us  to 
decide  whether  or  not  it  is  truly  distinct. 

$  ii.     Fr&Tigula  Tour 

HtmHflcttlim.     ToDin.  Imt.,  t. Ml.;   Dec.  Prod.,  ft 
pTiiri  Don'!  MUl.,  II.  p.  A 

Sect.  Char,  Fbwers  hermaphrodite,  rarely  , 
dicecious,5-cleft,  sometimes  4.cleft.  Seeds 
smooth,  compressed,  with  the  hilum  white 
end  exserted,  and  with  the  raphe  lateral, 
on  the  sur&ce  of  the  inner  testa.  Embryo 
flat.  Leaves  membranous,  caducous, 
quite  entire,  lined  with  approximate  pa- 
rallel nerves,  (_Don'i  MUl.) 

T  •  li-R.  ciB0UNi*'NU8  Wab.    The  Ca- 
rolina Buckthorn. 
amtttlraUoL    Walt.Ciir.,p.iai.iI>ee.Prod..l.p.ST,,       ' 
Don't  UUI.,  S.  p.  n.  1  Tor.  uid  Onj,  1.  p.  361 


xxn.  RiiAMNA^c££:  aha'mnus.  177 

spec.  Char.,  ^.  Erect.  Leavea  oval-oblong,  olmOBt  entire,  smooth.  Ufflbela 
■talked.  Flowers  hermaphrodiie.  Berries  globose.  {Don't  Miil.)  A 
deoduous  shrub  or  tree.  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  on  the  banks  of 
risers.  Heirfit  6  ft.  to  B  fl..  sometimes  a  tree  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced 
in  1819,  Flowers  greenish  i  Maj'  and  June.  Berries  black;  ripe  in 
September. 
In  America  this  species,  though  usually  a  shrub  in  North  Carolina,  is  in 

Georgia  a  considerable  tree.  Leaves  3  in.  to  6 in.  long,  end  1  in.  to  2  in.  wide; 

sometimes  acuminete,  irregulerljr  serrated  ;  sometimes  the  margin  is  waved. 

Fruit  as  large  as  a  small  pea,  mostly  S-aeeded.  (Tor.  and  Gray.) 

m  t   15.  R.  Fka'noula  L.  The  breaking  Buckthorn,  or  Berryiettritig  Alder. 

/dn^llcaMM.    I-ln.  Spec.,  wa  ;  Don't  Ull,.  1.  p.  31. 

SfmrnfUHt.    Vtrfrva  Bourjino,  Ansv  noir,  Ft.  i   gUller  Wegdom,  Brr.  ;  Also  am,  tlal. 

Oerititlat.    Th>  ume  of  Fnuguli,  limking,  li  ^ipllBl  to  (bli  tptcJH,  from  the  brJlll«uu  of 

fiumAw'.    Ede-  But.,  t.  tM ;  (Ed.  Fl,  Dan.,  1.  na.  I  th«  plut  or  tlie  ipadei  [n  Art).  Brit,    lu 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oval,  quite  entire,  lineated  with  10  or  18  lateral 
nerrea,  and,  aa  well  as  the  calyx,  emooth.  Flowers  hermaphrodite.  (Ihrt'i 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  part  of  Siberia,  in 
woods  and  thickets  ;  not  uncommon  in  England,  but  rare  in  Scotland. 
Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft.,  wild ;  Bft.  to  10  ft.  in  British  gardens.  Flowers  whitish, 
with  purple  anthers  j  May.  Berries  dark  purple;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying leaves  reddish  green.    Naked  young  wood  dark 

S  1  R.  F.  8  angiaii/pSa  Hort.  has  narrower  leaves. 

The  plant  of  this  species  in  the  Horticultural 

Society's  Garden  is  very  distinct ;  and,  in  1835, 

was  6  ft.  high,  after  being  10  years  planted. 
Branches  numerous,  alternate,  leary,  round,  smooth, 
and  blackish.  From  a  quarter  to  half  an  omice  of  the 
inner  bark,  bcMled  in  small  beer,  is  a  sharp  purge.  The 
bark  dyes  yellow,  and,  with  a  prtfnrarioo  or  iron,  black. 
The  flowers  are  particularly  grateful  to  bees.  The 
charcoal  prepared  from  the  wood  is  preferred  by  the 
makers  of  gunpowder  to  any  other.  us.  n.Fib<r>ii-' 


EnfToiSgi.  L'Htrll.  Sert,,  C  1.  8.  i  Dend.  nrlt.,  L  11.  :  W<11<I.  Ab. 
tIid.,I.T<ia;  tfaeplilaorthlttnolD  Alb.  Brit,,  IRhUI  'toI.  v.:  «nd 
our  Jig.  KE. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leave*  elliptical,  acuminate,  quite 
entire,  lineated  with  12  or  15  lateral  nerres  ;  younger 
leaves  and  calyxes  villous.  Flowers  hermaphrodue. 
{Don't  Miil.')  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  tlie  habit 
of  a  low  tree.  Azores,  on  the  mountains  of  8l 
Michael.  Height  10ft.  to  15ft.  Introduced  in  1778. 
Flowers  greenish  ;  July.  Berries  black  or  red,  both  j 
colours  appearing  on  the  same  plant  at  once ;  ripe  in  \ 
September. 

The  leaves  ere  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species, 
exc^t  R.  alplnus  grandifolius ;  and  the  whole  plant 
is  remarkable  for  its  robust  appearance,  and  the  con- 
spicnous  (^iposite  nerves  which  proceed  from  the  middle 
of  the  leaves.    It  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection. 


Fiingula. 


178  ARBORETUM    ET   rRCTICETUM    BRITANMICUH. 

Other  &>eciei  of  RAiiinnui.  —  There  are  Tarioua  kinds  described  by  autbora, 
several  oi  which  are  said  to  have  been  introduced,  but  they  are  either  lost  or 
synonymous  with  kinds  already  described.  Among  those  which  remain  to  be 
introduced  are  some  which  promise  to  be  useful  additions  to  this  genus  ;  such 

■  R.  perncifolhu  Bert.  (Moris.  Btiqi.  Bard.  Eg.  S.)  —  An  erect  shrub,  with 
lanceolate,  mmutely  crenated  leaves,  pubesceot  on  the  under  side,  and  on  long 
pe^les.   Calyx  free.     Sardinia.     Height  10  ft.  to  ISft.     March  and  April. 

»  JL  tonygdMmu  Desf.  Atl.  1.  p.  18B.  —  A  native  of  the  North  of  Africa,  in 
the  fissures  of  rocki,  where  it  grows  to  the  hei^tof  3  ft.,  and  produces  bernes 
used  for  dydng  yellow,  like  those  of  JI.  sai&tilis. 

■  R.  pnmifobiu  Bmith  Prod.  Fl.  Grwc  I.  p.  157.  — A  naUve  of  Crete,  on 
the  highest  mountBins,andprobab1yonlyBVBrietyof  one  of  the  preceding  sorts. 

■  K.  SbtAorpiinaa  Schuil.  Syil.  6.  p. 286. ;  R.  pub&cens  Sitth.  Fl.  Grac. 
.  j^  native  of  Mount  Parnassus,  and  nearly  allied  to  R.  alpinus  and  B, 

PKTth'Aaiu  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  85.     S.  nlnifolius  of  Pursh,  but  not  of 

L'Hiritier.  (Hook.Flor. 

Bar.  Am.l.  p.  123.  t.43.. 
I    and   our  fig.  867,)— A 

shrub  growing  to  the 
k  height  of  6  ft.,  native  of 
^  North  America,  on  the 
SbanksoftheKoorkoosky. 
'  a  R.  oleifiUut  Hook. 
'     FLBor.Am.  I.  p.lSS.t. 

44.,  Tor.  &  Gray,  1.  p. 

200.,  and  j^.  868.  from 

Hooker,  is  an  eve^reen 

shrub,    with    coriaceous  . 

^  \  leaves,  unarmed  shoots, 

U  and  ^e  flowers  small,  in 

(r  axillary  crowded  panidea. 

tCT.   lOAtuMFmmm:  It  is  a  nativC  of  the  HOTth-  ,5,     M,iimnMlil\^ 

west  coast  of  California, 
where  it  forms  a  handsome  shrub  from  6ft.  to  18  ft.  high. 

*  R.  umAelldliu  Cav.  Icon.  6.  p.  Z.  t.  504.  —  A  shrub,  growing  6  (t.  high  in 
Mexico  ;  was  raised  in  IS39  b  the  Hort.  Soc.  Oarden,  from  s«mIb  sent  tiomo 
by  M.  Hartw^  ;  but  it  is  probably  only  half-hardy. 

R.  Auiritblius  Null.,  R,  crdceus  Ifuit.,  R.  lanceoUtus  Purtk,  R.  parvifdlius 
Tor.  ^  Gray,  R.  ferrugineus  Nutl.,  R.  califdrnicus  Eioh.,  and  R.  tei^nsis 
Tor.  ^  Gray,  are  described  in  Tor.  and  Gray's  Flora  of  North  Anvenca ;  R. 
pubescent  Fl.  Grac,  and  several  others,  are  described  in  Don's  Milter,  and 
m  the  first  edition  of  this  work. 

Geniis  v. 

□ 

COLLE'TM  Com.     Thr  Collbtia.     Lm.  Syil.  Pent^dria  Moaogjnia. 

uolh  Nor.  Cm.  Aratr..  J.  p.  M.  j  Doc,  Prod,,  a.p,  H,    Dm'.  Mill,,  s,  p,M. 

by  (ioDtiiiirloIi,  <n  tiDDOur  of  Coliel,  hll  frlond  and  conntrynun,  vho  not* 


Dili  short,  cup-shaped,  adnate  to  the  bottom  of  the  calyx.     Ovary  free, 
3K:elled-     Style  simple,  elongated.     Stigma  3-lobed.     Fruit  gnardedat  the 


XXII.    JIHAMNACEf:    COLLET/^. 


179 


base  bj  the  permHnent  tube  of  the  aiyx,  tricoccoua,  dehiscent.  (Don't 
Mm.) 

Laznei,  when  present,  limple,  opposite,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  very  minute, 
and  quite  entire.     Kouwrj  axillary,  fascicled,  or  racemose;  and,  when  the 

leaves  are  absent,  riaisg  &om  beneath  the  base  of  the  spines Much> 

branched  shrubt,  with  divHricating,  decussately  opposite  branches,  and  spiny 
branchlets. 


Jt  1.  C.  ho'rrida  Lmdl. 

tr«  GUI.  CI  JJout.  lo&it.  Mil.  1,  It 


The  bristl]'  CoUetia. 


i^Drc.  Char.,  ^c.  Spines  rigid,  simple,  or  much  branched.  Peduncles  mostly 
in  pairs.  Calyx  ovate-oblong.  Stamens  sessile.  {Lirtdi.)  A  spiny  shrub, 
evergreen,  Irom  the  colour  of  its  branches  and  branchlets.  Chili  and 
Mendoza,  on  mountains.  Height  3  fl.  to  4  ft,  Introduced  in  IHSS. 
Flowers  greenish  white,  stained  with  dull  purple ;  May  to  July.  Berry 
wbidsh,  about  the  size  of  a  small  pes ;  ripe  in  Sept. 
The  young    branches   are   furnished  with   "  bright 

green  sawed  scales"  as  leaves  :  they  are  placed  oppo 

aite,  and  at  the  base  of  each  is  a  smell  stipule.     The 

leave*  end    stipules  speedily  lall   off,  "  leaving  the 

branches  to  act  as  leaves,  by  the  lud  of  their  soft  par- 
enchyma, with  which  they  are  clothed  in  the  form  of 

bark."     Hence,  plants  of  any  size  appear  one  mass  of 

naked  spiny  green  branches  in  winter ;  and, 


I spu ,  „ 
having  leaves  and  flowers  all  over  the  points  of 
branchlets.      It  is   a  most  desirable  addition   to 


evergreen  slu-uba ;  and,  as  it  escaped  the 
1837-8,  it  may  be  safely  recommendeU  as  hardy,  for  cli- 
mates not  much  colder  than  that  of  London.  It  grows 
ID  common  gwden  soil,  in  a  dry  situation,  fully  exposed 
to  the  sun.  It  has  not  yet  been  propagated  otherwise 
than  by  Chilian  seeds,  which  are  frequently  received 
under  the  name  of  Retaiulla.  We  have  no  doubt, 
however,  that  it. might  be  increased  by  layers,  or  by 
cuttings  in  sand  under  a  glass. 


of  C.  horrida ;  though  the  former  has  white  flowers,  and  the  latter  hronder 
leaves  than  those  which  we  have  described.  They  are  considered  more  [en- 
der  than  C.  hdrrida  ;  but  this  may  possibly  be  owing  to  the  plants  having  been 


lunger.   C.  'E/phednt  Vent.  Choi: 
le  RttaUUla  fi^edra  Brong.)  u 


t.  I6.(the  AhamnusS'phedraiToniA.,  and 

—  r -  0-, Jid  to  have  survived  ttio  criterion  winter 

>t  Liverpool.     In  ^.270.,  a  r«resente  C.  ulicina;  b,  C.  £'phedra  {Rtta- 
nilla  f  phedra  Bnmg.')  ;  and  c,  C.  spinosa. 


180 


ARBOKETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  VI. 

I      I 

C^ANO^THUS  L.    The  Cranothus,  or  Red  Root.    Ian.  Si/tt 

Pentindria  Monog^nia. 

IdciUifleaHon,    Broogn.  M^m.  Rham.,  p.  68. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.«  1.  p.  124.;  Dec  Prod^  1.  p.  81. ; 

Don*!  Mill.,  a.  p.  37. 
Svnonyme*.    jRh&mnui  ipedes  L.,  Jmm.,  Lam. ;  Ctenotbe,  Tr. ;  Sakebbaum,  Ger. 
DeripotioH.    From  keanotkms.  a  name  employed  by  Theophrattoa  to  designate  a  iplny  plant,  derlred 

A-om  kedt  to  cleave :  the  modern  genui  has,  noweTer,  nothing  to  do  with  the  plant  of  Theophraitui. 

The  English  name.  Red  Root,  is  given  to  the  plant  in  America,  fttnn  the  red  colour  of  the  rootsb 

which  are  of  a  large  sise  in  proportion  to  the  brancbeik 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  with  a  subbemispherical  tube,  and  5  connivent  sesments. 
Petalt  5,  unguiculate,  cucullate,  deflexed.  Siament  with  ovate  8-ceTled  an- 
thers. Ditk  spongy,  annular.  Oway  spherical,  girded  by  the  disk,  3-ceUed. 
Sfi/iei  3,  diverging,  terminated  by  small  papilliform  stigmas.  Fruil  tricoc- 
cous,  girded  by  the  circumcised  tube  of  the  calyx.  (DotCm  Mill.} 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  persistent  or  deciduous ;  ovate  or  ellipti- 
cal, serrated  or  entire.  Flowert  terminal  or  axillary,  in  elongated  racemes. 
—  Shrubs,  natives  of  North  America,  very  ornamental  in  British  gardens, 
and  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  planted  in  sand,  and 
covered  with  a  nand-glass.  Most  of  the  species  produce  seeds  freely  in 
British  gardens,  and  they  all  grow  in  any  common  garden  soil. 

1.  C.  AMBRiCA^NUs  L.    The  American  Ceanothus,  or  Red  Rooi;  or  New 

Jeney  Tea. 
JJn.  Spec.,  981. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  SI. ;  Don*!  Kill.,  2.  p.  ST. ;  Tor.  and  Gray, 

•nd  om  Jig.  971. 

Spec.  Char.^  S^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serrated,  pubescent  beneath. 
Thyrse  elongated,  axillary,  with  a  pubescent  rachis.  (lJon*s  Mill.)  A  de- 
ciduous suffirutescent  low  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  woods  and  copses. 
Height  1ft.  to  3  ft  ;  in  British  gardens,  2ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1713. 
Flowers  white  ;  June  to  August.    Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieties,    Torrey  and  Gray  describe  three  varieties, 

C.  a.  2  Pitcheri,  C7.  a.  3  her- 
b^ceus  (C.  perennis  Punk,  C. 
o virtus  Desf.)^  and  C.  a.  4 
interm^ius  (C.  intermedins 
Purth,  Jig.  271.)  ;  but  we 
scarcely  think  they  are  worth 
keeping  apart  in  collections. 

Stems  shrubby,  or  suffiruticose. 

Leaves     2  in.    to  3  in.    long. 

The  leaves  and   stems  of  the 

plant  are  pubescent ;   and  the 

flowers,  being  produced  in  great 

numbers  together,  are  very  orna- 
mental. They  are  succeeded  bv  bluntly  trianeular  cap- 
sules ;  and,  about  London,  in  fine  seasons,  the  seeds 
ripen.  Any  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry.  Seeds  or  cuttings. 
Tne  leaves  of  diis  plant,  dried,  were  used  by  the  Americans  as  a  substitute 
for  Chinese  tea,  during  the  war  of  independence. 

A  «  2.  C.  AZU^RBUS  Desf.    The  azurejiowered  Ceanothus,  or  Red  Root, 

Identifleatioit.    Desf.  Cat.,  1815,  p.  S3S. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  81. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  9.  p.  37. 
Smnomume:    C.  cariOeus  Li«.  Gm.  et  Spec,  1816,  p.  11 . ;  C.  bicolor  frou.  in  SchmU,  S^  7.  p.  68. 
Sngravimgt.    Hot.  Reg.,  t.  991. ;  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  1. 1 10. »  and  our  >^.  978b 


Idetttificati&m, 

1.  p.  964. 
Emgrmitigi.    Bot.  Mag..  1. 1497. 


Ca.  InMrmMtafc 


xxii.  abamna'cejs:  ceano'thus.  181 

f^wc.  Char.,  ^c,  Lesvea  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  Bculelv  aerrateil,  siiKKitb  abovp, 
tuMryand  downy  beneatli.  Thyne  eloi]guted,axilkry,  with  a  downy  rachis. 
PetUceU  imooth.  (i)on'f  Jl^.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Mexico.  Height 
6ft.  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1916,  Flowers  bright  blue;  May  to  Sep- 
tember. Fruit  black,  enclosing  3  secda  ;  npe  in  October. 
ratiels. 

*  ■  C.  a.  2  iR/crWdiuf,  C,  intennedius  Hort.,  has  the 
lu^it  of  C.  aziireus,  with  pole  flowers,  lUie  those 
of  C.  americ&nuB,  varying  with  djflereat  shtideit  of 
blue.  It  was  raised  by  Mr.  Masters  of  Canter- 
bury, from  seeds  of  C.  az^reus  tecundated  by  C. 


A  Tery  handsome  shrub,  proliisely  covered  with  brilliant 
celestial  blue  flowers  in  large  panicles.  In  Mexico  its  bark 
is  considered  as  a  febrifuge.  It  is  the  most  robust-growing 
neciea  <rf'  the  genus,  attaining,  in  3  or  4  years  from  seed, 
tne  hei^t  of  5  or  6  feet,  or  more,  against  a  wall.  It  was 
at  first  treated  as  a  green-house  plant,  but  lately  it  bas  been 
found  to  be  nearly  as  hardy  as  the  North  American  species. 
In  the  winter  ot  1837-8  (bese  plants  were  greatly  injured, 
hut  none  of  them  killed.  North  of  London  the  plant  is 
Leas  vigorous. 

a  *  3.  C.  (a.)  cbtrsiplo'bus  Etch.    The  ThjTse-flowered  Ceanothus. 

/dnudbcUn.    Eixh.ia  Han.  Aad.  St,  ■PMantmtgfltX) ;  Book.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.,  1.  b.  1».  i  Dod'i 

MUl.,  1.  p.  i;.  I  Tst.  ud  Onj,  I.  p.  »& 
jHHiqiiiK.     C  OTllni  ejtanu  Boodk,  BamKium,  f- 
Smgrmtitit.    OarJIi.     ,  la  p. 

^ee.  CAar.,  ^.  Leaves  oval,  3-nerved,  serrulated,  smooth.  Stem  many- 
angled  j  panicle  thyrsoid  in  the  axillary  branches.  (Dtm'i  MUL)  A  sub- 
evergreen  shrub,  or  small  tree.  Monterey,  Upper  CHlifoma,  and  north- 
west coast  of  North  America.  Height  in  America  5  fl.  to  20  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  ?1B30.  Flowers  bright  blue;  May  to  November.  Fruit  black; 
ripe  about  a  month  after  flowering. 

In  its  native  country,  in  favourable  situations,  this  species  becomes  a  small 
tree,  with  a  stem  sometimes  as  thick  as  a  man's  arm,  and  strongly  angular 
branches.  In  British  gardens  it  forms  a  free-flowering  highly  ornamentui 
ahrub,  with  taucli  of  the  habit  of  C.  aiilreua ;  from  which  it  chiefly  differs 
in  faaviug  the  Sowers  in  r  close,  instead  of  in  an  elongated,  thyrse.  Nut- 
witbftanding  tliis  difference,  we  con^der  it  as  only  a  variety  of  that  species. 
*   a  4.  C  telutiVl'b  Song.     The  velvtly-ieaved  Ceanothus. 

Xngrmwdii!'-    Uook.Floi.  Bor.  Anwr^V.  t.4G. ;  indour^!  Z74. 

^lec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Branches  somewhat  pendulous. 
Leaves  oiiiicular,  elliptical  or  elliptical  ovate,  obtuse, 
subcordnte,  glandularis  crcnate,  serrulate,  coria- 
ceous, glabrous,  and  ehming  (as  if  varnished)  above, 
velvety,  canescent,  and  strongly  3-ribhed  beneath. 
Panicles  axillary,  elongated,  on  rather  long  pe- 
duncles. (Tor.  and  tirag.)  A  shrub,  probably 
sul>evei]green.  North.west  coast  of  North  America, 
on  subolpine  hills.  Height  3  ft.  to  8  ft.  Not  intro- 
duced. Flowers  white.  Fruit  dry,  2 — 3-Eeeded. 
This  is  apparently  a  very  desirable  species ;  and,  as  J 

it  is  so  abundant  as  to  cover  the  whole  declivities  of  ^ 

hills,  fonning  thickets  very  difficult  to  penetrate,  we 

have    no    doubt    that    it   wilt    soon   be   introduced.  '*'  ''  "^''"'"'' 

firenchcB  nearly  glabrous.    The  leaves  abound  with 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM, 


B  Doug,    llic  Ilill-ude  Ceanothus. 


f^ec.  Ckar^  ^e.  Branches  decumbent,  round,  anil 
■moothish.  Leaves  orate  or  elliptic,  somewhat 
clammy,  glEuidular,BerTHtC[l,  upper  surface  shining, 
tmder  surface  corered  with  adpreased  bairs,  S- 
nerved.  Sdpules  awl-shaped.  Paniclea  axillar;. 
(Knowlet  atuHVeilcoll.)  A  hardy.cTei^een,  lor, 
decumbent  shrub.  North  America.  Height  1  fl. 
Introduced  in  1827.  Flowers  white,  produced 
in  great  abundance ;  June  and  July.  Fruit 
brown;  ripe  in  September. 
Layers,  which  root  readily,  or  seeds. 

Olhffr  SpeiMi  of  CmnoMiu.  —  C.  ovitus  and  C. 
IntermUius,  we  have  seen,  on  the  authority  of 
Torrey  and  Gray,  are  only  varieties  of  C.  americtknuBi 
and  we  have  no  doubt  that  this  will  be  the  cage 
with  C.  ovftlis,  C.  sanguineus,  C.  oreeinua,  end 
other  species  described  by  authors.  In  short,  there 
appears  to  us  no  assignable  limits  to  the  sports  and 
hybrids  that  nay  be  prodneed  in  this  genus. 


Order  XXIII.     HOMALINA'CE^. 

OjtD.  Char.  Cafyi  funne1-shiq>cd,  its  tube  usually  adnate  to  the  ovaiy,  its 
limb  with  5 — 15  lobes.  Pelalt  insetted  into  the  calyx,  as  many  as  its  lobea, 
alternate  with  them,  smaller  than  they,  and  deemed  by  some  an  inner  whorl 
oflobcs  of  the  calyi.  G!andi  present  in  front  of  the  segments  of  the  ealyi. 
SlanicHi  arising  from  the  base  oF  the  petals,  either  singly,  or  in  threes  or 
sixes.  Anlheri  S-cfllcd,  opening  longitudinatly.  Ovary  1-celled,  with  nu- 
merous oTulen.  Sh/lei  3 — 5,  simple,  Fndl  berried  or  capsular.  Seedi 
small.  {Lindl.)  —  l^ees  or  shrubs  ;  natives  of  South  America, 

Lemei  simple,  alternate,  with  deciduous  stipules,  sub-evergreen ;  toothed 
or  entire.  Flowen  axillary,  in  spikes,  racemes,  or  panicles.  —  The  spedes  in 
British  gardens  belong  to  the  genera  Aristotelia  and  Azara  (the  latter  rather 
tender),  which  are  thus  contradisdnguiabed :  — 

Aristotb'lm  L'H^t.  Corolla  of  5  petals.  Stamens  IS — 18,  polyadel- 
phous.    Fruit  a  globose,  free,  3-eelled  berry.     Cells  1— 9-seeded. 

Aza'r^  R.  et  p.  Corolla  none.  Stamens  numerous.  Fnut  a  globose  N 
celled,  5-seeded  berry. 

Genus  I. 

y 

ARISTOTE'L/J  L'Herit.     Thb  Aristoteli*.      Lm.  SyU.   Polj'adapllia 
Polyfindria. 

SHatificatlim.    L'ltitll.  Stirp.,  p.  31. ;  Dk.  Prod.,  1.  p.  M.  i  Don't  Mill.,  9.  p.  GS. 
Dtrltalion.    Nmned  in  connianontloii  o(  ArliuUt.  ths  nlvbratml  philoHipfaer  mai  ulunllK. 
Gen.  Char.     Calyjc  campanulate,  profoundly  fi-cleft.     PetaU  5,  inserted  in  the 


XXIII.    HOMALINACE^:    ARISTOTE^L/^.  183 

base  of  the  calyi,  anJ  Blternatinj  with  its  lobes.  Sametu  15 — 18,  gene- 
rally  3  or  4  in  each  bundle,  placed  m  rrouCof  the  lobes  of  the  calyx.  AnlMrri 
opniiDg  bj  tTo  porea  at  the  apex.  Ovaiy  Tree.  Stulei  S,  somewhat 
conne4^ed  at  the  base.     Berry  globose,  3-celled.     SceJi  angular.   (Don'i 

FlototTi  in  axillary  racemei, 

■  *  3  t  1.  A.  M^caui  Vnirit.     The  Macqiii  Ariatotelia. 

9tln.,p.ll.  1  Dtt  Prod.,  t.  p.  ML  i  Doo'i  Mm.,  1,  p.U. 
«A.rt  P.  A  Per.  *«^-  ife.  J  A.  MiftU  In  dec  trm!..  ».  p.  M. 

rol'.'T.iUiJourJlf.WS.'  "      ■"•"■■ 

^see.  dor.,  j-c.  Caljx  deeply  5-cleft.  Stylet  3,  somewhat  connected  at  the 
base.  A  aub-erergreen  ehrub,  or  low  tree.  C^ili.  Hdght  in  firitiah  gar- 
dens 7 — 18  ft.  Introduced  in  1733.  Flowers  small,  green,  purplifih,  and 
yellow  ;  May  and  June.    Berry  very  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  September. 

»  m  A.  M.  S/iHii  variegitU. — The  variegated-leaved  Hacqui  Aristotelia. 


In  Chili  this  plant  forms  an  evergreen  shrub,  with  diflViae  branches,  growins 
to  the  height  of  6  ft.  The  flowers  are  not  very  showy ;  but  they  are  succeeded 
bv  berries  about  the  uze  of  a  pea,  very  dark  purple,  and  at  length  becoming 
black,  iriilch  are  add  and  eatable.    In  British  gardens,  it  forms  a  sub-ever- 


184 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


green  slirub  or  low  tree,  of  very  vigorous  growth  ;  so  much  so,  in  a  young 
state,  that,  from  the  shoots  not  being  maturra,  they  are  frequently  killed  down 
to  the  ground,  and  th^  foliage  more  or  less  injured.  Notwithstanding  this,  the 
aristotelia  frequently  flowers,  and  even  ripens  fruit ;  and,  in  all  probability, 
if  the  tree  were  planted  in  dry  and  rather  poor  soil,  so  as  to  grow  slowly,  and 
not  make  more  wood  every  year  than  it  could  ripen  properly,  it  would  attain 
a  large  size,  and  form  a  very  handsome  hardy  ever- 
green shrub  or  tree.  The  plant  grows  vigorously  in 
any  common  garden  soil,  producing  shoots  3  ft.,  4  ft., 
or  5  ft.  in  length  when  young  ;  and  it  is  readily  pro- 
pag^ited  by  cuttings  or  by  layers. 

Oiher  Spedet  ofAmtoteHa.  —  One  has  been  raised 
in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  (harden,  from  South  American 
seeds,  which  Mr.  Dillwyn  found  to  stand  the  winter 
of  1837-8  better  than  A.  Mdcquu 

m  Azam  dentdta  R.  &  P.,  Don's  Mill.  i.  p.  257. 
(Bot.  Reg.  1. 1788.,  and  our^^.  277.)  is  an  evergreen 
shrub  or  low  tree,  growing  to  the  height  of  12ft.  in 
Chili.  It. stood  8  years  m  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
against  a  wall,  and,  though  killed  by  the  winter  of 
1837-8,  it  maj^  yet  ultimately  prove  tolerablj^  hardy. 
A,  integrifoliay  if  a  different  species,  may  possibly  be  found  hardy  also. 


t.7.   Aihra  denUte. 


Order  XXIV.     ANACARDIA^CEJE. 

Jdent^fleaOom,    Liiidley,  In  Introd.  to  N.  S. 

Synonmnes.     2>»rebliitULce«^  tribe  I.  Anacardida  R.  Br.,  and  trtbe  8.  Sumaekinea  Dec.  Trod- 
2.66. 

Ord.  Char*  Flowers  generally  unisexual.  Caij^x  usually  5-parted.  Petals 
equal  in  number  to  the  divisions  of  the  calyx,  cohering  at  the  base  when  the 
disk  is  absent.  Stamens  same  number,  or  twice  that  number.  IHsk^  wl\en 
present,  annual.  Ovarium  usually  solitary.  Sfyles  1 — 3,  sometimes  wanting. 
Fruit  indehiscent.  (Lindi,) — Low  deciduous  or  evergreen  trees,  natives  of 
Asia  and  Africa. 

Leaves  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ; 
without  pellucid  dots.  Flowers  terminal  or  axillarv,  in  panicles,  with  bracts. 
— The  hardy  species  belong  to  the  genera  /^tacia,  i2h(is,  and  Duvaua, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished  : — 

PisTA^ciA  L.    Flowers  dioecious,  apetalous,  amentaceous.    Stigmas  3.  Drupe 

dry,  containing  a  1-celled,  1-seeded  nut. 
i7uu^s  L,    Flowers  polygamous.     Styles  or  stigmas  3.     Drupe  nearly  dry, 

contfuning  a  L-cell&i,  1 — 3-seeded  nut. 
"DvvAV^A  Kth.   Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious.    Styles  3 — i,  short.   Drupe 

containing  a  coriaceous  1 -seeded  nut. 

Genus  I. 


PISTA^CIA  L.    The  Pistachia  Tree.    Lm.  Syst.  DioeVia  Pent4ndria. 

Ueniiflcatkm.    Lin.  Gen^  1108. }  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  64. ;  Don*a  M1U.»  2.  p.  61.  and  65. 
SMMM^ymr.    TIereblnthiu  Juts. 

Jjerivatiom.    From  the  Greek  word  Pistakia,  derived  from  PtttiaUffm,  tbe  name  of  a  dty ;  or  from 
the  AraUc  word  Fomttaqt  the  Arabian  name  of  Plsticia  vira. 

Qeft,  Char,    Flowers  dioecious^  and  without  petals ;  disposed  in  amentaceous 


TXIV.    ANACARDIA'cEX  :    PISTACIA.  185 

ricenii»,eM:h  scale  with  one  Bower.  CtdytS — 5-cleft.  Slameiu  5,iaaened'mto 
B  caljidne  dufc,  or  into  the  calyx ;  wt^  4-<omered,  aliiioBt  seuile,  anlhen. 
Otaiy  I — 3-ceUed.  SltgrnaM  3,  and  tbickish.  Fndt  a.  dry  otbEc  drupe ;  nut 
bony,  and  uniaUv  l-cetFed,  with  a  single  seed  affixed  to  the  bottom.  Co/y> 
ledoBt  thick,  fleshy,  oily,  and  bent  back  upon  the  radicle. —  Small  treee, 
natiTes  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

Leave*  compound,  inpari-pinnate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  dying  off  of 
a  beaudlul  reddish  purple;  young  shoot*  tinged  with  purple. 

t  ].  P.  vs'ra  L,  The  true  I^Btachia  Tree. 
1  Dk.  Prod.,  l.p. «.  I  Ddd'i  Mill..  1.  p.  S9. 
m  Uni.  Krw.  i  FlitivMw,  Fr. ;  Pliladmbuini,  On-.;  FIimccUb. 

Du  Hun.,*,  t.  IT-i  mdoarj^.  RS. 

^>ee.  Char.,  4c.  Leaves  deciduous,  impaii-pinnate,  of  3 — 5  leaflets,  rarely  of 
I ;  the  leaflets  ovate,  a  little  tapered  at  the  base,  indistinctly  tnucraaate  at 
the  tip.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Syria.  Height  20  ft.  Introduced 
in  1770.  Flowers  unall,  brownish  green  j  April  and  May.  Fruit  reddish, 
an  inch  loug,  ovate ;  ripe  in  Syria  in  September,  rarely  seen'in  England. 

yarieliei.      The   following   are   considered   by 


trtjotia  Lin. 


I  P.  0.  3  marionam  Bmc.  Hub.  L  U.  603, 

F.     reticulata    WiUd.,     has    [nnnate 

leaves,  the  leaflets  baving  prooiinent 

veins.  U.  8. 
Cultivated  in  the  South  of  France,  and  in 
Italy,  for  its  Gruit;  the  nut  of  which  ia  some> 
times  eaten  raw,  but  more  frequently  in  a  dried  I 
state,  like  almonds.  Li  British  gardrais,  the  tree  1 
is  not  much  planted,  from  its  being  generally 
sil^powd  to  Inquire  a  wall ;  but,  m  favourable 
situations,  it  will  grow  as  a  standard  or  a  bush  '« 

in  any  common  garden  soil,  and  may  be  propa- 
pted  dther  by  nuts  procured  from  abroad,  or  by  cuttings. 

1  8.  P.  T^bebi'ntdus  Lm.    The  Turpentine  Ustachia,  or  Venetian  or  Chian 

Tarpentme  Tree. 
UtMi/kallim.    Lta.  Bfte..  14U. :  Bte.  Tiod.,  9.  p.  64. ;  Uon'i  MOL,  t.  p.  es. 
Sfm^mm  T.  Tslilrlt  Tmrn.  Imu.  "79.  i  F.  lin  ItOi.  Did.  No.  t. :  rUucblcr 

TspnUn  PtiUda,  Orr.  i  Tcnblnto,  lUt 
Emtrattatl.    WoadT.  Med.  BdL.  lit,  I.  lU. ;  mod  oar  Jig,  379. 


Date.  (I)ee,  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree.  South  of 
Europe  and  North  of  Africa.  Height  30  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1 656.  Flowers  dull  yellow  and  crimson  j 
June  and  July,  Fruit  dark  blu^  hardly  bigger  than 
alargepea. 

):  P.  T.  2  tpfua-ocirpa  Dec.  —  Fruit  larger  and 
rounder  than  that  of  the  species. 
The  general  appearance  of  the  tree  is  that  of  P. 
?en,  but  the  leaves  are  larger,  and  the  fruit  only  a  third 
of  the  nie ;  the  leaflets  are,  also,  lanceolate,  instead  of 
beiDB  subovate.  The  red  hue  of  the  branches,  espe- 
cially wheu  yotwg,  is  very  beautiful ;  aod  the  leaves  ere 


186  ARBORETUM    ET    fRUTICETCU    BRITANNICUM. 

also  more  or  less  tinged  with  red.  The  fruit  ii  round,  not  succulent,  and 
somewhat  furrowed ;  at  first  ereen,  and  afterwards  reddish ;  but  black,  or  of  a 
verj'  dark  blue,  when  ripe.  The  leaves  and  flowers  emit  a  very  resinous  odour, 
which  spreads  to  a  cooiidersble  distance,  more  especiallj  at  sunset,  when 
the  Jew  is  tolling,  after  a  very  wann  day.  The  substance  called  Venice 
or  Chian  turpentine  is  the  resin  which  exudes  trom  this  tree.  In  British 
gardens,  the  tree  is  not  verv  conunon,  though  it  is  generally  cansidered  as  the 
hardiest  of  the  genus;  and,  with  F.  vkro,  ma;  be  planted  in  warm. sheltered 
situations  m  the  open  border. 

I  3.  P.  Lbsti'scvs  L.  The  Mastich  Tree. 
UrmtUlaMan.  Lin.  Spec,  IMO. ;  Dk  Prod.,  *.  p.  6S. ;  Don'i  IfUl.,  i.  p.  66, 
/•yrmhti.    Woodi.  Mad.  Bot.  t.  ■«.<  ud  oorA  MO. 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^c.  Erergreen.  Leaves  abruptiy  [»nnate ;  leaflets  8,  lanceolate; 
petiole  winged.  {I>ee,  Prod.)  An  eTergreeo  tree.  Southern  Europe, 
Northern  Africa,  and  the  Levant.  Hdght  90  ft.  Introduced  in  1664. 
Flowers  green;  April  and  May.     Fruit  brownish ;  ripe  in  October. 

1  P.  L.  S  an^uMBSa  Dec.,  P.  massili^nsia   Mill.  IXel.,  P.  anguMifolia 

nassih^u  SWn.,  has  leaflets  almost  linear,  and  ^e  tree  seldom 

exceeds  10  tV.  in  height. 
1   P.  L.  3  dtia  N.  Du  Ham.  iv.  p.  78. ;  P. 

chia  Da/.  Cat.  Hort.  Par.  —  A  native  of 

Scio,  where  it  produces  the  mastich. 
The  species  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the 
two  preceding  ones,  in  summer,  when  they  are  , 
clothed  with  foliage ;  but  it  differs  from  them  in 
being  evergreen,  and  in  having  the  leaves  much 
BDiHtler.  The  leaves  have  sometimes  5  leaAets  on 
each  side ;  and  the  petioles  are  so  much  winged 
as  to  ^^>ear  like  pinna.  The  tre«  in  the  South 
of  Europe,  end  the  North  of  Africa,  is  cultivated 
in  gardens,  as  well  as  found  in  a  wild  state ;  but 
in  British  gardens  it  is  not  so  hardy  aa  P.  To- 
rebfnthus,  and  north  of  London  should  always 
be  planted  against  a  wall.  »,  n»tii.  bsii>». 

OHurr  Spedei  of  ViUdda.  —  P.  atldatka  Desf.,  a  dedduous  tree  from  Mount 
Atlas,  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1^790,  but  it  requires  the  protection 
of  a  liBme  or  green-bouse. 


IMJB 


0«ii.,KSj  LiM.  111.,  (.aOT-i  RuntbOm.  TerA..p.s.i  Dec  Prod.,  1.  p.6S.  i 

Srmoiiymfi.    Sumncb.  ly.  fend  Oer. :  Ru.  /Ja£ 

&rffeulin>.  From  rkni,  ur  rjkw,  Gmk.  or  mm  rkmU.  or  mt,  CtHtc  nd ;  Is  (ilwIoB  la  Iha 
colour  of  Iho  fhilt  aod  leiTe*  o^  korao  of  tbm  Avcia  to  aotamii.  Othsn  dfliire  Jthdi  From  th« 
Gmk  nrti  rAed.  1  run,  tnu  the  habit  of  too  n»ta  runnhw  and  ipreadlng  undor  fnwjtd  to  ■ 
eoiuMarfeMa  dliUoca  tnnD  Uie  troa.    Sumacb  li  dariied  bom  Stmtt,  th«  Arable  nima  of  iba 

Gen.  Char.  Serei  hermaphrodite,  diisdaiu,  or  polygamous.  Calyx  small, 
A-parted,  persistent.  Pelalt  ovate,  and  inserted  into  a  calycine  disk,  or 
into  the  calyi.     Stamem  5,  inserted  into  a  calycine  disk.     Ovary  single, 


XXtV.    ANACARDIA^CEX:    RHt/s.  187 

aubglobular,  of  1  cell.  Slytet  3,  short,  or  wanting.  Sligmiu  3.  Fndl  an 
almost  dry  drupe  of  1  cell,  with  a  bony  nut,  which  includes  a  single  seed ; 
and,  in  some  instances,  8 — -3  seeds.  (liec.  Prod.) — Deciduous  shrubs.  Na- 
tives of  Europe.  Ama,  and  North  and  South  America. 

Leavci  simple  or  imequally  pinnate,  alternate,  stipalate,  dedduous. 
FlouKTi  in  terminal  racemes,  or  panicles.  —  The  leaves  vary  much,  both  in 
form  and  magnitude ;  and  they  generally  die  off,  in  autumn,  of  a  dark  red, 
or  a  bright  scarlet,  or  yellow,  when  they  are  very  ornamental.  Ho»t  of  the 
species  are  poisonous,  some  highly  so ;  and  they  all  may  be  used  in  tanning, 
and  dy^ng  yellow  or  black,  Theif  are  all  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of 
the  root,  and  some  of  them  by  cuttii^s  of  the  branches. 
Some  of  the  bardy  species  are  rambling   climbers,  and  othen  tre&4ike 

bushea. 

§  i.    C6tinus  Toum. 

Seel.  Char.    Leaves  undivided.    Flowers  bermephrodite. 

•  1 .  A.  Co'tinds  L.     The  Cotinus  Rhus,  or  FtneHan  SionocA. 

Jlfc<ittl«tiliiii.^Llii-_ayc.,J».;  DK.VTai.,l._p.J7._\  Om't  UUL,1.  gW 


£^.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate.  {Dec.  PrwL)  A  de- 
dduous rambling  shrub.  Spain  to  Caucasus  ;  and,  accord- 
ing to  Torrey  and  Gray,  probably  of  North  America. 
Uraght  4  ft.  to  6  It.  vrild  ;  6  ft.  to  B  ft.  in  a  state  of  cul- 
ture. Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers  imle  purplish,  or 
flesh  colour  i  June  and  Julv.  Fruit  white;  ripe  in  £  , 
tember.  Decaying  leaves  of  a  fine  reddish  yellow.  Naked  ^ 
young  wood  smooth  brown.  K        jjj  ^ 

The  flowers  are  diqiosed  in  loose  panicles,  and  are  her*    .  wt^^^ 
maphrodite.     The  drupe  is  half-heart-shaped,  smooth,  and    I  f  |  >^sl 
veiny;  and  its  nut  is  triangular.     Many  of  the  flowers  are    (  «    J.TT  < 
aboitive;  and  their  pedicels,  afler  flowering,  lengthen,  and     X^^"^     ' 
become  hairy.     A  highly  ornamental  shrub,  more  espedalty  m 
when  coTO'ed  with  its  large  loose  pantdea  of  dongated  hury  T. 
pedicels.     It  is  easily  known  from  all  the  other  species  by 
Its  simple,  obovate,  smooth,  stiff,  ludd  green  leaves,  rounded 
at  the  points,  and  supported  by  long  footstalks,  which  remain 
on  till  they  are  killed  by  frost,  so  that  the  plant  is  almost  a 
sub-evergreen.     A  dry  foam  suits  it  best;  and  it  is  propa- 
gated by  pegging  down  the  branches  flat  to  the  ground,  and 
strewing  eaitn  over  them,  through  which  yonng  shoots  rise  up,  which  root  at 
the  base,  and  may  be  removed  in  autumn. 

j  ii.  Silmach  Dec. 

Sed.  Char.  Leaves  impari-pianate ;  leaflets  more  than  Sin  the  leaves  of  each 
of  the  first  6  species  of  this  section.  Flowers  in  panicles,  polygamous, 
diadous,  or  hermaphrodite. 

■  X  2.  S.  TTPHiltA  L.     The  Fever  Rhus 
Idmilpatiim.    Ub.  SpH.,  Mdi  D<c.  Pnid.,l.|i.  S7. ;  Din 

St/mfiHifmrs.    R.  ikninlliu  Bmtk.  Pin.  p.  DI7,  \  VlrglDlui  Sunuch. 

AfTwAV'    K.  Dii  H„  «.t.  47.;  Watt.  Dgad.  Brit..!.  IT.uid  t.  IS.;  uxl our  j^. Ml., Uia mola. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaf  of  8 — 10  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  the  odd  one,  that  arc 

lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrated,  nairy  beneath.     Petiole  and  branches  hairy. 


I3d  AltBORETtlM    ET    PIIUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

(Dec.  Prod.)  A  sbrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  low  decidiioits  tree.  Canada 
to  Carolina,  in  rocky  dry  situations.  Height  80  ft.  Introduced  in  1629, 
Ptowen,  female  dark  purple  male  greenish  yellow  and  purple ;  Julv 
and  August.  Fruit  hairy,  purple  i  ripe  in  October.  Deniying  leaves  dark 
purple  or  red,  aometiniet  mixed  with  yellow.  Naked  younj;  wood  dark 
brown,  hairy.  DeCandolle  has  characterised  two  forms  of  thb  species  aa 
follows :  — 

T  R.  /.  1  arboriiceni.  — A  tree  between  10  ft.  and  25  ft.  high  ;  leaf  slightly 

down  J  beneath. 
•  B.  (.  2fruliicent. —  Shrubby,  between   8ft.  and  10ft.  high;  and  iU 

leaf  downy  and  whitish  beneath. 
X  R.  /.  3  arvlifidra.     R,  TJridiHora  ?oir.  —  Ftowera  green.     Possibly 
nothing  more  than  the  male  plant. 
Shda  typhina,  in  British  gardens,  is  either  a  large  shrub,  or  a  low  tree  with 

a  woody  stem  and  a  head  composed  of  many  irregular  branches,  generally 

erookea  and  deformed.     The  young  shoots  are  covered  with  a  so  fl  velvet-like 

down,  reaembUng  that  of  a  young  sti^'i  horn,  both  in  colour  and  texture  \ 

whence,    and     probably    also 

from  the  crookedness  of  the 

branches,   the  common  name. 

The  cellular  tissue  of  the  wood 

ia  of  an  orange  colour,  with  a 

strong  aromatic  odour,  and  a 

copious  resinous  juice.      The 

leaves  are  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  long,  and 

they  are  very  conspicuous  in 

autumn,  before  they  drop  off, 

when  they  change  to  a  purphsh 

or  yellowish  red.     The  flowers 

are  produced  in  close  spikes  at  i' 

the  ends  of  the  branches  ;  they  ' 

are  often    polygeraous  or  di- 

(Ecious   by  abortion,  and  the  *•*■  ■ii»>  "ip*!""- 

female  ones  are  followed  by  seeds  enclosed  in  woolly,  simple,  succulent  coven; 

As  the  plant  is  of  open  irregular  growth,  and  not  of  long  duration,  it  should 

never  be  placed  where  it  is  intended  to  act  as  a  screen.    Like  all  objects  the 

chief  beauty  of  which  consiiits  in  their  singularity,  it  produces  the  most  striking 

I'Sect  when  standing  alone  on  a  lawn. 

■    S    3.  fi.   (?  T.)   G 


eafieca  lanceolate- oblong,  s 


whitish  beneath.  Branches  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Canada  to  Oeoi^a. 
Height  5  ft.  to  IB  ft.  Introduced  in  1786.  Flowers, 
male  greenish  yellow,  female  greenish  red,  Frait  red ; 
ripe  in  October.  DeCandoUe  has  distinguished  three 
((inDS  of  this  species ;  namely:  — 


maphrodite.  greenish, 
a  R.^.  2dioica  Lam.  III.  t  807.  f.  ],  — Flowers  \ 

dMecious,  greenish.  .. 

■  B.£.  7  3  eixxhica.    R.  caroliniinum  Mill.  Diet. ;  \, 

R.  ^I^ane  Ait.,   Lodd.Cal.,  Detid.  Bril.  U  16. 

—  Flowers  dkecious,  red.    This  variety  is  dis- 


XXIV,    ANACARDIACE^:    I) HUB. 


„  s  underoeathi 

and  the  fruit  U  of  a  rich  Tclrety  crinuon. 
The  general  appearance  of  the  species  is  similar  to  that  of  S.  tjphina  ; 
but  the  leaves  and  the  entire  plant  are  smaller,  the  branches  more  apreading 
and  smooth,  and  the  leaflets  wider,  less  lerrated,  and  of  a  deeper  green. 

■  4.  a.  tenena'ta  Dec,  The  poisonous  Rhus,  PoUan  Wood,  or  Swamp  SumecA. 
I^mltllaUfim.    Dm.  Fmd..  3.  p.  m.  I  Don't  HUL.  &  p.  TI.  i  Tor.  uid  Ot».  1.  p.  tiB. 
^WHiui.    J).  T»mU  Lfn.  ^.  380.,  Big.  Med.  Bel.  l.p.  e«.  I.  lO.i  ToikodtDdne  ptuilliiia 
Mm.Di-'  "~  '  -  '^' —  " ■-  "-• —  ■"-•" 


Sprc.  Char,,  ^e.  Leaf  rather  glabrous  than  pubescent,  of  5—6  pain  of  leaflets, 
and  the  odd  one,  which  are  ovate-Ianeeolate,  acuminate,  ehlire,  and  beneath 
reticulateiy  veined.  {Dec.  Prvd.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Georgia, 
and  west  to  Louisiana,  in  swamps.  Height  I5tt.  to  20ft.  bitrod.  1713. 
Flowers  green;  July.  Berrv  smooth,  greenish  white  j  ripe  iD?Oct«bef. 
Decaybig  leaves  intense  red,  or  purple. 
NbIckI  young  wood  purplish  green. 
The  leaves  are  divided  like  those  of   S, 

tjphlna  and  .S.  glikbra;   but  they  are   quite 

oiSereat  fivim  those  of  both  kinds,  in  being 

smooth,  shining,  and  having  the  leaflets  very 

entire,  narrow,  and  pointed,  and  the  veins  of 

8  purplish  red  colour.     The  whole  shrub  is 

inahighdegreepoisonous;  and  the  poison  is 

communicated  ^  touching  or  smelling  any 

part  of  it     In  British  gardens  it  is  not  very 

common ;   but  it  well  deserves  culture,  on 

account  of  the  beauty  of  its  smooth  shining 

foliace  at  all  seasons,  and  of  its  almost  un- 
paralleled splendour  in  the  autumn,  from  the 

time  that  the  leaves  b^in  to  change  colour, 

till  they  ultimately  drop  off,  of  an  inteoK 

purple  or  scarlet,  with  the  first  frost,  ■•*■  ""•  '"i""" 

m  t  5.  R.  Oibia'bia  Lin.   The  hide-tanning  Rhus,  or  the  Elm-leaoed  Smnadi. 

JdmUificDliim.    LId.  Sprc.Sn.;  Dec  Prad.,1.  p.  «7.  t  DoD'J  MUl-.l.  p.  TO. 

Si>ttar6ift.    V.  Du  Hud.,  3.  t.  <e. ;  Wiu.  Doid.  Brit.,  I.  IM.  i  ud  oiujlp .  Wl.  uid  ttS. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaf  villose,  of  5 — 7 
pairs  of  leaflets,  and  the  odd  one ; 
leaflets  elliptical,  and  toothed  with 
large  and  blunt  teeth.  The  petiole 
smooth  at  the  tip.  a  little  margined. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Portu^  to  Tauria,  on 
rocks  in  exposed  situations.  Height 
15ft.  to  soft.  Lilroduced  in  1689 
Flowers  whitiah 

CI,  in  large 
:  panicles ; 
July  ana  August. 
Fruit  red ;  ripe  J 
in  October,  rare 
in  England.  De- 
ne. iHi  cwiMv  caving  leaves  pur- 
plish red. 
The  general  habit  of  this  plant  resembles  that  of  S.  typhina ;  but  it  is 


AHBORETUIVI   ET    FRUTICETUH    BUrTANNICUM. 


■  6.  R.  COPALLi^A  Lm.     The  Oum  Copal  Bbua,  or  Matlich-lrt^-leaved 

MaufSeatkm.    Llo.  Siw^m.j  D«.Fn>d^s.p.e8.i  D<n>tWI1.,3.p.T9.'.  Tgr.ndGrH.I.p.lir. 
Ei^Tftaf.    jKq.  Htn.  Sctiaii.,l.  Hl.i  Pltik.  Alia.,  p.U.L  1.)  mi  oaiAf.  »! . 

^pec.  CAar.,  ^e.  Leaf  elBbroua  above,  a  little  pilose  beneath,  of  JS — 7  pairs 
of  leaflMf,  and  the  odd  ooe ;  leaflets  lanceolate  and  entire.  Petiole  winged 
and  jointed.  Root  itoloiiiTerous.  Flowers  jellow  sreen.  8ese«  di<£clous. 
(Dec.  Pnxl.')  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida.  Height  3  ft.  to  8  ft. 
Introduced  m  16Be,  Flowers  yellowish  green ;  July  and  August  Berries 
red  (  ripe  in  September,  Decajing  leaves  purplish  red. 
VttrieUet.  Hree  forms  are  giTen  by  Torre^  and  Qray: — a.  Leaflets  entire, 
usually  acuminate,  which  may  be  considered  as  the  species  :  0,  leaflets 
coarsely  and  -unequally  serrate;  and  y,  leaflets  (about  21}  small,  oblong 
acute  at  the  base;  obtuse  and  slightly  mucronate  at  the  apex;  petiole  oar 
rowlj  winged.    Jacquin  has 

^  R.  c.  i  leue&niha  Jac,  Hort. 

Schon.,  t.348.  — Root  not 

■toloniferouB.  Panicles  more 

contracted     than     in     the 

The  leaves  and  general  habit  of 
the  plant  are  those  of  R.  typhina, 
but  It  seldom  grows  to  the  height  of 
more  Ihaa  4  or  5  feet  in  British 
gardens.  The  branches  are  smooth, 
and  the  leaflets  entire  with  acute  ' 
points;  they  are  light  green  on  both 
sides,  and  in  autumn  chan^  to  a  fine 
purple.  The  petiole,  as  in  R.  Cori- 
Ana,  is  somewbat  winged  towards  its 
tip,  which,  with  other  circumstances, 
induces  us  to  think  that  they  may  both 
be  varieties  of  the  same  species.   The 

leaves  are  used  as   tobacco   by  the  ^.  nunpiiiu. 

Indians  of  the  Missouri  and  the  Mississippi. 

■»  -I  7.R.  Toxicodb'ndiion  L-  The  Poison-Tree  Rhus,  or  Saniach, 

UaOifit^ion,    Tor.  udOnr,  l.p.  tIS, 

Sfuaiirma.    A  ToileodCBdn».  lad  A.  ndlani  L.,  Dec.,  Dm.'/  2iia„  te. 

tttrnlat-    Our  A-  000.  Id  p.  000. 

^ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  erect,  decumbent,  or  climbing  by  radicles.  Leaves  3- 
foliolate,  somewhat  pubescent  t  leaflets  (membranaceous)  broadly  oval  or 
rhomboid,  acuminate,  entire  or  toothed,  the  lateral  ones  inequilateral.  Pa- 
nicles racemed, axillary,  aubsessile.  Drupe  subgioboae,  smooth.  ^Torrey  and 
Gray.)  A  low  rambling  or  climbing  shrub.  Canada  to  Georgia,  in  shady 
damp  places.  Stems  10  ft.  to  £0  t^,  as  a  climber  ;  or  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  high  as  a 
bush.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  greenish,  mostly  dioecious;  June  and  July. 
Berry  pale  chestnut ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves  purplish  red. 
Farkliet.     The  following  forms  are  given  by  Torrey  and  Gray  :  — 

-*  R.  T.  I  quern/Mum  Tor.  4  Gray.  R.  T.  B  juercifdlium  Michi.  —  Not 
cUrobiiw ;  leaves  entire,  or  variously  and  irregularly  sinuatedly 
toothed,  or  lobed.  The  R,  Toxicodendron  of  the  London  gardens, 
readily  distinguished  from  (he  two  following  varieties,  by  its  deeply 
■inuated,  or  almost  pinnatiSd,  leaflets.    It  grows  to  uie  height  of 


XXIV.    AHACARDIA^CEJE :    AHU's.  19 

3  ft.  to  4  ft.  with  several  upright  ■tems,  forming  a  srtiBll  buah,  froii 
the  base  of  whichnroceed  many  prostrate  runners. 
JiSR.T.2  rmiicam  Tor.  &  Gray.   S.  T.  a  vulgAre  Midix. ;  R.T.pn 
dloias  Tm:  (Bot.  Hag.  t.  1606.  end  N.  Du  Ham.  2.  t.48.,  and  ou 
Jig:  8B8.  and  S8Q.)  —  CliiDbing  ;  leavea  more  commonly  entire,  o 
nearly   so.      Tbe  RUba  nidicani 
oT  the  LoadoD   gardens,  reaililj 
known  from  the  preceding  varietj 
by  its  trailing  or  climhing  Uem, 
and  bj  ita  entire  leafiels. 


^  1  R.  T,  3  TiacToc&Tpon  Tor.  &  Gray  R.  Toxicodendron  y  microcarpon 
Mickx.  —  Leaves  oreloblong  \  mat  smaller. 

These  vonetiea,  which  have  been  hitherto,  for  the  most  part,  treated  as 
belon^ng  to  two  species,  R.  radlcans  and  B.  Toiicod^ndron,  are  com- 
mon in  many  parts  of  North  America ;  sometimes  covering  the  surface  of 
the  ground  to  a  great  extent,  and  at  other  times  climbing  to  the  lop  of  the 
highest  trees,  and  penetrating  the  l«rk  with  thdr  fibrous  roots.  Tne  terri- 
ble effects  of  their  poison  are  frequent,  and  well  authenticated. 

$  iii.   Lobadiuttt  Dec. 

Sixt.  Char.  Leaf  of  3  leaflet!,  and  palmatelj  disposed  on  the  tip  of  the  com* 
mon  petiole,  cut  in  a  serrate  manner;  the  teeth  large.  Flowers  in  a  dense 
catkin.  S^es  polygamouB.  There  are  two-tobed  glands  under  the  orary, 
alternate  with  the  sCamens.  Styles  3,  short,  distincL  Drupe  rather  com- 
press ed,  Tillose.     Nut  imooth.     Aromatic  shrubs.  (Dec.  Prod.,  ii,  p.  72.) 

M  B.  R.  ARoma'tica  Jil.     The  aromatic  Rhus,  or  Sumach. 
UtaHflaMim.    AH.  Holt.  K*w..  I.p.  ie7.(  D«.  Prod..  1.  p  TI- ;  Don't  >U1L.  1. p. ».  i  Tor.ind 

qr<Hi|^'  a' nurtcilaiu  AU-i  R.  trUbUba  ItM.  Cat.-, 
R.  cuadfakfll  Hank.;  IxitiUlniii  ■nnntttcuin  SaTI  TunUnil' 
BmI  ;  BcbnAli/g  t><«.  ;    Mjrla  OltalUlR  Hurt.  )    Toiko- 

Kyrmtttgi.    Turp,  In  Aa.  da  Mu^'fi.  p.  <4t.  t.  M.  i  u^  «ir 

J^ve.  C'A*r.,  ■f'c.  Leaves  pubescent  when  young 
(at  length  coriaceous,  and  often  glabrous)  ;  leaf- 
lets sessile,  rhomboid-ovate,  unequally  and  in- 
cisively toothed,  the  terminal  one  narrowed  at   A 


the  base.  (Tor.  and  Gray.) 

shrub.     Pennsylvania  to  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Height  1ft.  to  4  ft.     Introd.  in  1772.     Flowers 

smel!,  yellow ;    April  and  May.     Fruit  small, 

li^t  red  (  ripe  in  September. 

Dnipea  the  sice  of  a  miall  pea,  light  red,  more 


192  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

or  less  hispid,  slightly  compressed,  agreeably  acid.  This  species  varies  greatly 
in  the  degree  of  pubescence  of  the  leaves.  B,  suav^lens  Ait,  only  differs  in 
having  the  leaves  almost  glabrous.  H.  S. 

Other  Species  ofBh&s, — Several  names  are  in  the  London  catalogues,  which 
are  synonymes  of  kinds  which  have  been  lost,  or  are  not  distinctly  known  by 
us.  R,  piimila  Michx,  R.  diversiloba  TV.  4*  ^^  C-'^*  \0\3kXz,  Hook.)^  R, 
trilob&ta  Nutt.,  R.  /iaurina  NiUt,,  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Gra^s  Floras, 
but  they  have  not  yet  been  introduced ;  or,  if  they  have,  they  exist  only  as 
small  plants.  Some  plants  of  J?h6s  have  been  raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gar- 
den, from  seeds  sent  from  the  snowy  mountains  of  Nepal,  which  will  doubtless 
prove  hardy. 

Genus  III. 


DUVAUM  Kth.    The  Duvaua.  lAn.  SyH.  Polyg^mia  Monoe'cia. 

Jdeniiflcaticn.    Kth.  Gen.  Tereb.,  P-  8. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  74. ;  Don*!  Hill.,  2.  p.  76. 

Svnonymet.    SchlDUf  sp.  Andr.  \  Amfru  wp.  Cav. 

Derivation.    Called  Duvada,  after  M.  Duoau,  a  French  botanist,  known  as  the  editor  of  the 

original  edition  of  Richard's  Analffudu  FruUi  aodforsomeobserratlonson  Veronica.**  (Undietf, 

inBot.  Reg.,  t  IS68.) 

Gen.  Chcar,  Cafyx  persistent,  with  4—5  s^;ments.  Corolla  of  4^— ^5  concave 
petals.  Sexes  monoeciously  poljrgamous.  Stamens  8 — 10,  inserted  under  a 
pitcher-shaped  calycine  disk,  which  had  as  man^  sinuses  and  as  many  teeth 
as  there  are  stamens :  these  are  opposite  the  smuses,  half  of  them  opposite 
the  petals,  and  half  alternate  with  them.  Anthers  in  the  fruit-bearing  flowers 
barren.  Ovary  conical.  Sti/les  3 — 4.  Stigmas  capitate.  Fhdt  a  globose 
drupe,  with  a  leathery  nut. — Chilian  trees  and  shrubs,  becoming  spiny  as 
they  advance  in  growth.  (Dec.  ProdJ) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipufate,  evergreen;  generally  oblons  or 
ovate,  toothed,  small.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes,  greenish  yellow. — l^ere 
are  four  species  in  cultivation,  which  are  all  very  handsome  evergreen  bushes, 
with  bright  shining  foliage. 

The  foliage  emits,  when  bruised,  a  strong  but  not  unpleasant  odour,  of 
the  nature  of  turpentine.  The  leaves  of  D.  ovata,  and,  doubtless,  those  of 
every  species  of  Duvaua,  when  thrown  upon  water,  move  about  in  a  manner 
which  may  be  compared  to  a  fleet  of  ships  employed  in  manoeuvring,  or  to 
persons  engaged  in  dancing.  Seeds  have  been  produced  plentifully  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden  by  D.  dep^ndens,  trained  to  a  south  ^all ;  and  seeds  of 
D.  latifblia  are  often  imported  from  Chili.  Cuttines  of  the  ripe  wood  root 
in  sand,  under  a  bell-glass,  in  a  gentle  heat.  D.  dep^ndens  was  but  little 
injured  at  Kew,  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  and  in  the  Hort.  Soc  Garden, 
by  the  winter  of  1837-8  ;  and  D.  ovsLta  w&s  not  injured  at  all,  and  may  be 
considered  as  an  evei^reen  shrub,  as  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London  as  Aris- 
toteUa  Mdcqm, 

A  1   I.  D.  DEPE^NDENs  Dec,    The  drooping-branched  Duvaua. 

JdeniiflcaiioH.    Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  74. ;  Don*!  Mia.  3.  p.  76. 

SynoMjfmet.    AmfrU  pol^gama  Cav.  loon.  S.  p.  2a  t.  289. ;  Echinus  dep^ndens  Ort.  Decad.  8.  p.  102.; 

Duvada  dep^odens  a  Hook.  Boi.  Mi»c,  2.  p.  176. 
Engravingt.    CaT.  Ic.,  t.  239. ;  Bot  Reg.,  t  1578. ;  and  our  ^.  291. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  mostly,  especially  upon  the  flower-bearing  branches, 
obovate,  and  very  obtuse,  or  even  emarginate,  with  scarcely  any  denticu- 
lations.  Racemes  scarcely  exceeding  the  leaves  in  length.  Stamens  mostly 
10.  Flowers  smaller  than  those  of  D.  ovata.  (lAndl.)  An  evergreen  tree'; 
in  British  gardens  a  wall  shrub.    Chili.    Height  in  England  10  ft.  to  18ft. 


XXIV.    AMACARDIA^CBf  :    DUVAU'^. 

Introduced  in  1790.  Flowers  yellowish  white  i 
June  tod  July.  Berries  black  ;  ripe  n  Sept. 
There  h  an  old  plant  in  the  Botanic  Garden 
at  Kew,  and  a  tree  in  the  Chebea  Botanic  Gar- 
den, which  a  12  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  7  in.  in  ' 
circumference.  The  plant  in  the  Hort.  Soc. 
Garden  posaed  seven  winters  against  a  wall  with 
a  southern  exposure,  till  the  winter  of  1B37-8, 
when  it  was  killed  down  to  the  ground  ;  but  it 
tas  sprung  up  agun  vigorously, 

■  S  8.  D.oVjLTALtnd^     The  o*ate-/«HMij  Dimu 


limgi.    Dot.  Beg,  t  IK&i 


Spec,  Char.,  $c.     Leaves  "'■  '^  '"^"' 

^      ovate,  toothed,  in  most  acute  at   the  tip,  b   Bomo 
obtuse.      Kacemes  a  little  loncer  than   the   leaves. 
Stameni  mostly  9.   {Ltndl.')     An  evergreen  tree ;  in 
British  nrdens  a  shrub.  Chdi,  on  mountaiiu.  Height 
in  the  cUmate  of  Lond<»i  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  agunst  a  wall, 
r        Introduced  in  1885.     Flowers  ydlowish  white;  June 
and  July.     Berries  black ;  ripe  in  September. 
Probably  a  variety  of  the  preceding  species.     It  was 
wholly  uninjured  by  the  winter  of  18J7-8,  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Gorilcn. 
«  1  3.  D.'latifo'lia  cm.     The  broad-leaved  Duvaua. 


J^wc.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves   oblong,  acute,  coarsely 

toothed,  BO  waved  as  to  seem  in  some  measure 

^icate.  Racemes  denie,  the  length  of  cbe  leaves.  ' 

Stamens  8.    (Limit.)     An  evergreen  tree ;  in 

Britidi  gardens  a  shrub.     Chili,  on  mountains. 

Hd^t  6ft.  to  18  ft.  against  a  wall.     Introduced 

in  1886.  Flowers  greenish  white;  June  and  July. 

Berries  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

"  Whatever,"  observes  Dr.  Lindley,  "  may  be 
thought "  of  the  distioctuess,  as  species,  "  of  D. 
ov&ta  and  D.  de^udens,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  D.  latifdlia  ts  a  totally  distinct  species  (  for 
not  only  are  the  leaves,  in  their  outline,  surface, 
and  colour,  and  the  whole  plant  in  its  habit,  very 
different,  but  we  find  it  maintain  all  lis  peculiarities 
unchanged  when  raised  from  seeds."  ••'-  d.«*.  iuuul 

Olier  Spedci  of  nm>a£a.—D.  denlala  Dec,  Schlnus  deatita  Sol.  Sep.,  was 
introduced  in  1795,  and  is  doubtless  as  hardy  as  anv  of  the  above  kmds ;  since 
all  of  them  are  safest  when  planted  against  a  wall,  Ihtvaia  iinii^ta  Lindl. 
appears  equally  hardy  with  D,  dep^ndens  in  the  Hort.  Soc,  Garden.  It  differs 
linDm  the  others  in  producing  the  Bowers  before  the  leaves,  and  in  being  deci- 
duous. All  the  ^>ecies  well  deserve  culture  as  evergreen  bushes,  in  shrubbvriea 
where  the  soil  is  dry  and  sandy,  the  situation  sheltered,  and  the  surface  sloping 
to  the  south.  A  concurrence  of  circiuustances  or  this  kind  is  not  unlrequent 
in  country  residences,  both  in  England  and  Scotland  j  and  two  examples  which 
occur  to  us  at  the  moment  we  ore  writing  are.  Bury  Hill  in  Surrey,  and  Blair 
Drummond  in  Stirlingshire. 


194  ARBORETUM    ET    FItUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Order  XXV.     LEGUMINA^CEiE. 

Ord,  Char.  Calyx  with  5  divisions,  either  partitions,  teeth,  or  clefts,  the  odd 
one  anterior  to  the  axis  of  inflorescence.  Frvat  a  legume.  Seed  with  the 
radicle  next  the  hilum.  (Lindl.) — Trees  and  shrubs  natives  of  every  climate. 
Leaves  alternate,  stipulate,  generally  compound ;  deciduous,  or  sometimes 
evergreen ;  petiole  tumid  at  the  base.  SHpuIcM  2  at  the  base  of  the  petiole, 
and  2  at  the  base  of  each  leaflet.  Pedicels  usually  articulated,  with  2  bract- 
lets  under  the  flower. 

The  name  of  LesuminsLcese  is  applied  to  this  extensive  and  truly  natural 
order,  on  account  of  the  seeds  of  all  the  species  beine  produced  in  leguminous 
pods,  bearing  more  or  less  resemblance  to  those  of  the  common  pea  or  bean ; 
and  quite  different  from  the  siliquose  pods  of  cruciferous  plants. 

The  ligneous  species  are  trees  and  shrubs,  for  the  most  part  deciduous ;  and 
they  are  disposed  through  almost  every  part  of  the  world.  The  order  contains 
some  of  our  finest  ornamental  shrubs  and  low  trees,  such  as  Robfnto,  C^tisus, 
Wistaria,  Genista,  (Tlex,  Am6rpha,  Halimod^ndron,  ^cikcia,  Oledftschta, 
Cercis,  and  various  others.  It  also  contains  some  considerable  trees,  which 
belong  to  the  genera  Roblnta,  Oledltschia,  Sophora,  &c.  The  senera  con- 
taining hardv  ligneous  plants  are  in  number  twenty-three,  which,  after  De 
Candolle  and  G.  Don,  we  place  in  characterised  sections,  and  ascribe  to  them 
short  characters,  that  are  more  or  less  contradistinctive. 

Sect.  I.  Sopjid'REJB, 

Sect.  Char.  Corolla,  in  most,  papilionaceous.  Stamens  iO,  with  the  fila- 
ments distinct.  L^ume  not  jointed.  Cotyledons  flat,  leafy.  Embryo 
with  the  radicle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons.  Leaves  simply  pin* 
nate,  or  simple. 

SoPHO^RA  R.  Br.    Legume  necklace-shaped,  including  many  seeds.    Leaf  with 

more  than  three  lei^ets. 
ViHQi'uA  Lam.     Leeume  compressed,  including  many  seeds.     Leaf  with 

more  than  three  leaflets. 
Pipta^'nthus  Su/t.    Legume  compressed,  including  6  seeds.     Leaf  with  its 

leaflets  3. 

Sect.  IL  Lo^TEJE. 

Sect,  Char.  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  10,  the  filaments  of  all  con- 
nate, or  those  of  9  connate,  and  that  of  one  distinct.  Lesume  not  jointed. 
Embryo  with  the  radicle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons.  The  coty- 
ledons flattish  ;  in  germination,  converted  into  leaves  furnished  with 
stomata.    Leaves  simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

U\.EX  L»    Calvx  2-parted,  5-toothed.    Legume  oval-oblong,  tuigid,  scarcely 

longer  than  the  calyx,  containing  but  few  seeds,  though   the  ovules  are 

many.     Habit  spiny. 
i^a'rtium  Dec^    Standard  roundish.     Keel  acuminate.    Branches  rush-like. 

Leaf  simple. 
Geni^sta  Lam.     Standard  oblong-oval.     Keel  oblong,  not  wholly  including 

the  stamens  and  pistils.    Leaves  with  3  leaflets,  or,  in  some,  simple. 
Cv^Tisus  Dec.     Standard  ovate.     Keel  very  obtuse,  including  tne  stamens 

and  pistil.     Leaves,  in  all,  with  three  leaflets. 
Adenoca^'rpus  Dec.     Stamens  with  the  filaments  connate.    Legume  bearing 

stalked  glands  all  over  it. 
Ono'nis  L.    Calyx  with  5  linear  segments.     Standard  striate.    Legume  con- 
.   taining  few  seeds ;  in  most,  turgid. 
Auo'rpha  L,     Corolla  consisting  of  the  standard  only. 
EvsENHA^RDTiA  H.  ^  B.    Corolla  with  the  standard,  and  2  keel  petals  distinct. 
RoBi^N/^  Dec.     Legume  flat ;  that  edge  to  which  the  seeds  are  attached 

margined.     Leaf  impari-pinnate. 


XXV.    LEGUMINA^CEJS :    SOPHO^RJ,  195 

Cabaoa'^NA  IjBm.    Legume  rather  cylindrical.     Leaf  abruptly  pinnate. 

Halimodb'ndbon  Fuck,  Legume  stipitate,  inflated,  bladdery.  Leaf 
abruptly  pinnate. 

Calo'puaca  Fisch,  Stamens  with  the  fikiments  of  9  connate,  that  of  one 
distinct.  Legume  sessile,  with  concave  valves  bearing  hairs,  some  soh, 
some  rigid  and  glanded. 

ColuVba  B.  Br»    Legume  stipitate,  much  inflated,  glabrous. 

jIstra'galus  Dec.  Legume  with  its  lower  suture  so  bent  in  towards  the  op- 
posite one  as  to  cause  the  legume  to  seem,  more  or  less,  2-celled. 

Sect.  III.   ^EDYSA^RBJE. 

Seci.  Ckar.  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  usually  with  the  filaments 
connate  in  one  of  three  modes;  the  10  connate;  9  connate  and  one 
distinct ;  or  connate  by  fives :  in  a  few  cases  all  are  distinct.  Legume 
dividing  transversely  into  1 -seeded  joints,  called  loments.  Embryo  with 
the  rafiOcle  beside  the  edges  of  the  cotyledons,  which  are  flattish,  and,  in 
germination,  are  converted  into  leaves  furnished  with  stomata.  Leaves 
simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

CoRONi^LLA  Neck,  Calyx  campanulate,  usually  shorter  than  the  claws  of  the 
petals.    Carina  acute.    Stamens  diadelphous.     Seeds  ovate,  or  cylindrical. 

Sect  IV.  PHASEO^LBiB. 

Sect,  Char.  Corolla  papilionaceous.  Stamens  usually  with  9  filaments 
connate,  and  one  distinct.  Legume  not  jointed,  including  many  seeds, 
that  are  separated  firom  one  another  with  a  cellular,  transverse,  membrane- 
ous partition,  that  is  in  some  cases  not  complete.  Embryo  with  the 
radicle  beside  the  edp  of  the  cotyledons,  which  are  thick,  and,  in  ger- 
mination, either  remam  under  ground,  or  are  changed  into  thick  leaves 
that  scarcely  have  stomata.     Leaves  simply  pinnate,  or  simple. 

WisTA^B/i<  Nutt*    Leaf  impari-pinnate. 

Sect.  V.  Cassib^a. 

Sect,  Char,  Corolla,  in  most  of  the  species,  of  equal  petals ;  in  some  sub- 
papilionaceous.  Stamens  with  the  filaments  distinct  Leaves  doubly 
or  triply  pinnate ;  in  some  simple.  , 

Olbdi'tschi^  L.     Sexes  dioeciously  polygamous.     Corolla  of  3 — 5  equal 

petals.    Legume  in  most  long  and  narrow.     Seeds  compressed.    Leaves 

compoundly  divided.    Bearing  prickles  in  most. 
Gtmno'cladus  Lam,    Sexes,  by  defect,  dioecious.    Corolla  of  5  equal  petals. 

Legume  compressed  and  broad.     Seeds  scarcely  compressed.      Leaves 

compoundly  divided. 
C^^RCis  L.     Sexes  hermaphrodite.     Corolla  sub-papilionaceous,  of  5  unequal 

petals    the  side  ones,  or  wings,  longer  than  the  others.    Leaves  simple. 


Sect  I.      SOPHO^REJS. 

Genus  I. 


SOPHO'RA  R.  Br.  The  Sophora.    lAn.  Si/sL  Dec&ndria  Monogynia, 

IdemMeatmm.    R.  Brown  in  Hort.  Ksw.,  ed.  2.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  95. ;  Don'i  BfUL.  9.  p.  ino. 
"^^iWMtf;    Sophdne  spec  Lim,  Om.  No.  808.  "    ^"^ 

laiof Com.    Altered  from  topkero,  Um  AraUc  name  of  a  papOfciiMceoat  flowerint  tree. 

O  2 


l9(t  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BItlTANNlCUM. 


Gen,  Char.     Calyx  &-Uiothed,  ctunpanulBte  at  the  base,  or  s  _ 

Bted.   Petalt  of  the  keel  usually  Eoncrete  at  the  apex.     Legume  gomewhat 
moniliform,  wingless,  many-seeded.  (IJon'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  impan-pinnate,  with  11 — 13  leaflets,  generally  exttipulate.  Ftowen 
yellow,  white,  or  blue,  in  Bimple  racemes,  or  pRDiclee.  —  The  only  hardy 
Bpecies  are  deciduous  trees,  natiTes  of  Japan  or  China. 

1   I.  S.  mro'mcA  L.     The  Japan  Sophora. 
Urmti/laaai.    LlnMuiL.  m  i  Dec.  Pial.,1  p.M. ;  Don'i  MIIUl-p.  lOB. 
Amtmj/me.    S.  ilnlc*  Batter  JtntrA.  Pkyt.  14.  p.  US.,  are.  Ltgtun.  t-  4.  f.  I. 
£»erariiun.    Reil.  Id  M.   Du  lUni..£  L3J.:  Dof-  Ucum.,  t-  4.  T.  I-:  Ibfl  p1mt«  of  thil  Ipflrif*  in 

7rb.  B^l.  I U  VUC,  ToL  T.i  iDd  our  Jig.  W4. 
Spec.  Char.,  rf'c.  Leaves  pinnate,  with  11 — 13  leaflets,  which  are  oblong- 
ovate,  acute,  and  smooth  ;  panicle  loose,  terminal  ;  pods  smooth.  A  de- 
ciduous tree  of  the  middle  sice.  Japan.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Intro- 
duced  in  1763.  -  Flowen  creani-coloured ;  August  and  September.  Pods 
rarely  produced  in  En^and.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  and  green.  Naked 
young  wood  dark  green,  like  that  of  ./asminum  officinale. 
Variefiei. 

1  8.  j.  2  variegata  Hort.  has  the  leaves  variegated,  but  is  not  worth 

cultivating  as  an  ornamental  plant. 
T  S.  j.  3  phutula  Hort.,  and  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  our  Ist  edit, 
vol.  v.,  has  pendulous  shoots,  and  is  a  very  remarkable  variety. 
Grafted  near  the  ground,  the  shoots  run  alon^  the  surface,  like  those 
of  a  trailing  plant,  to  a  very  great  distance  from  the  main  stem ;  in 
^ood  soil,  a  ahoot  extending  itself  6  or  t4  feet  in  one  aeason. 
Grafted  at  the  height  of  lOor  £0  feet  or  upwards,  the  shoots  hang 
down,  and  form  one  of  the  most  ornamental  of  pendulous  trees, 
both  in  eummer  and  winter. 


I.  a«tM>vMi>. 


A  round-headed  tree,  readily  distinguished  in  winter  by  (he  fine,  smooth, 
dark  green  bark  of  its  young  wood  ana  smaller  branches ;  and,  in  summer,  by 
the  curk  blue  green  of  its  foliage.  In  deep  free  soil,  it  grows  with  great  ra- 
pidity, seedlings  attuning  the  height  of  10  or  18 feet  in  4or5yearsj  and 
m  20  or  30  years,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  30  or  40  feet.  There  are 
large  specimens  in  England,  which  flower  freely;  but  they  have  never  jet 
ripened  seeds :  indeed,  the  tree  ripens  seeds  m  Prance  only  in  the  ytry 
warmest  seasons.  The  wood  is  very  hard  and  compact,  as  much  so,  it  is  said, 
as  thut  of  the  box.  The  bark  exhales  a  strong  odour,  which,  it  is  stated  in 
the  Komxau  Du  Hamel,  produces  colic  and  puiging  on  those  who  prune  the 


XXV.    LEaiTMINACEf:    VIBGl'LU.  197 

tree,  or  otfacrwue  work  with  the  wood  in  a  green  state.  Little  appean  to 
be  luiown  of  the  uses  of  the  tree  in  China  and  Japan :  but  it  is  said  that  the 
fruit  is  employed  to  dye  a  fine  jellow ;  and  the  flowers  for  dyeing  a  yellow  of 
CO  superior  a  bue,  that  it  is  exclusively  reserved  for  dyong  stuffi  to  be  worn 
by  the  members  of  the  imperial  family.  None  of  the  arboreous  LeguoiinaceK 
are  equal  to  this  tree  in  beauty  of  foliage  and  bark.  Its  flowers,  when  tbey 
are  produced,  are  also  in  large  terminal  compound  sptkea,  and  very  con- 
^icuoua,  though  much  smaller  than  those  of  the  Roblnia  viscdsa.  One  re- 
markable property  in  the  foliage  of  the  sophora  is,  that  the  very  hottest  Mid 
driest  seMons  do  not  turn  it  p^e,  or  cause  it  to  drop  off,  as  heat  does  that  of 
most  of  die  other  pinnated-leaved  Leguminacete.  The  pendulous  varie^  is 
well  deserving  of  culture  as  an  object  pf  singulariw  and  beauty;  and,  where 
it  is  demred  to  cover  a  aurbce  with  intense  green  foliage  during  summer,  for 
example,  a  dry  hillock,  a  plant  of  this  variety,  placed  on  the  centre,  will  ac- 
compu^  the  purpose  effectually.  The  tree  will  thrive  in  any  free  soil ;  but, 
in  cold  climates,  it  ought  to  be  placed  in  one  rather  poor  and  dry  Lot  it  may 
be  compelled  to  make  shorter  snoots ;  which,  of  course,  being  lein  succulent, 
are  more  easily  ripened.  It  b  generally  propagated  by  seeds  imported  flvm 
Prance ;  but,  where  it  is  desired  to  have  trees  that  will  toon  come  into  flower, 
seedling  plants  should  be  grafted  with  sdons  IVom  a  flowering  tree.  It  will 
grow  by  cuttings,  more  especially  of  the  roots,  and  also  by  layers. 

■  2.  S.  bbptapht'lx.i  L,    The  7-leaf- 
leted  Sophora. 

JdaOifalloit.     Lin.   Spw:..  KH.  :    I>«c.   Prod.,  % 

p.  A.  1  Dtm-t  Hill.,  1  p,  110. 
^wm«v>.   Bompii.  Am.,  4.  p.  ML  1. 19.  i  ud  ooi 

^ec.  (^ar.,  ^.  Leaflets  7,  glabrous. 
(Ami's  mil.)  A  deciduous  shrub. 
China.  Heights  ft.  Introduced  in 
1830.     Flowers  yellow  i  October. 


flowered  and  appear  to  be  quite  hardy, 
but  as  they  do  not  exactly  agree  with 
Rumphius's  figure,  especially  in  the 
number  of  leaflets,  we  wish  our  engrav- 
'~  ~   ' )   be  considered   as   of  doubtful 


H 


VIROI'LU  L.    Tbb  ViBoiLiA.    Im.  Sytl.  Dec&ndria  Hooogynii 

UnngioMm.    Lun.  nt  1.  MO.;  Pen.  Bncb.,  I.|>.  lU.i  RBroinilnHan.  K«w.,Hi.a.Ycil 

I>ecProd..l.p.«S.i  I>OD'iNm.,E.p.  lit. 
Drritalkm.    ^ud  »7  LvuRk  In  bODOur  of  Urn  piHt  rtrftf.  wbOH  GAT(fa>  «UUs  Um  ts 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5-clef^  Felah  S,  about  equal  in  length.  Vexiilvm  with 
the  edges  not  reflexed.  Stigma  beardless.  Legume  compressed,  oblong, 
8-velv^  many-seeded.  (Don'i  Milt.) 

le  hardy  species,  a  deciduous  low  tree, 


18  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

1   1.  V.  luVba  lUichx.  The  yeVow-tcooded  Virgilia,  or  Yelltm  Wood. 

II.  Fa  Arb.  AlIwr.,S.  p.  «.  t.  X.x  D«c  Frad.,  9.  p.H.  i  Bon'iHIIl.,  ).  p.  ]  IX. 
n.  Hub.  Amu..  I.  I».  I  HlHiI.  111.  Arb.  Amu,  1.  f.  >M.  L  1.  ,  Ifas  pllu  d 

5^c.  Char.,^e,     Leaves  [unDBte;  leafletB  9 — 11;  alternate,  orate,  ptnnted, 

NmcK>th.     A  deciduous  tree.     North  America.     On  the  mountains  of  Cuin- 

berland,  andthe  Miansrippi.     Hei^t  id  America  40  ft.;   10  ft.  to  SO  a.  in 

England.     Introduced  in   1819.     Flower*  yelloiriah  white,  in  pendulous 

racemes ;  June  to  Auj^at.     Poda  never  produced  in  England,     Decaying 

leave*  rich  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  yellowish  brown. 

The  leaves,  on  young  trees,  are  from  1  fL  to  IJfl.in  length,  and  on  oldtreea 

not  above  half  that  size.     The  flowers  form  white  pendulous  nicemea,  a  little 

larger  than  those  of  the  Robinta  Pseitd-'icicia,  but  not  so  odoriferous.     The 

seeds  are  like  those  of  the  robinia,  and,  in  America,  ripen  about  the  middJc 


of  August.  In  Britain,  the  tree  has  flowered  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Oar^ 
den,  and  at  Hylands  in  Essex,  but  has  not  yet  produced  poda.  An  open  ai~ 
situation  is  desirable,  in  order  that  the  tree  may  ripen  its  wood;  and,  to  i 


rlcon  seeds,  but  it  will  doubtless  grow  by  cuttings  of  the  roots. 


a 


PIPTA'NTHUS  Sal.    Thb  PiPTAHTaus.    Lh.  Syit.    Decfindria 
Monogjnia. 
UenliftcaUom.    SwI.  Fl.-Card.,  3S4.  j  Don'i  Mm.,3.j>.  lit, 
Dtiipotiom'    From  piploy  Xo  fku,  and  nnihv$,  ^  no*r?r }  Itom  the  Aowcit  IMllns  off*  vary  ioon. 


XXV.    leoumiha'cemi    (/"lex.  199 

Gen.  Char.  Oih/x  bilabiate ;  lower  lip  trifid,  upper  lip  8-lobeil ;  s^ueota 
soon  blling  ott.  Pelalt  deciduous.  VexUlum  large,  obcordate,  ru^scent. 
Wmgi  cuncfited.  Keel  cuculUle,  accuinbent.  Slameai  10  ^  free,  deciduoua. 
St^aa  niinute.  Legame  broad-linear,  compmBcd,  6-aeeded,  stipitate. 
(iJ«.'*  MtU.) 

Lcovet  compound,  trifoliate,  stipulate,  sub-erergreen  i  leaflets  ellintical- 
oblong,  acute,  broad.  Floviers  large,  yeUow. —  One  species  only  in  British 
gardens. 

a  *  1.  P.  nbpalb'hsis  Stnf.     The  Nepal  Piplanthus. 
ItaUiflaUiem.    Swi.  Fl.-Qird,  SM.i  Dsc.  Prod, ;  Dnii'iMil1.,8ji.  Ill 
atrnmrma.   Tbmnipfli  laburntlUll  D.  Om /'nlif.  ».  J'ep.  p.  Sft.  i  ^niicfcjl  Indtm  WW/.  JUS^l 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  irifoUolale;  leaflets  elliptical-obloog,  acute,  brood. 
Stipules  8,  large.  A  aub-evergreen  shrub.  Nepal.  Hdght  8  ft.  to  10  tV. 
Introduced  in  1821,  Flowers  rich  yellow  i  May  and  June.  Pod  green, 
turning  to  brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leave*  yellow  and  green.  Naked 
young  wood  dark  green. 

The  young  leaves  are  Eilky  ;  and  the  flowers  are  of  a  bright  yellow,  and  are 
much  larger  than  those  of  the  common  laburnum,  to  which  they,  and  also  the 
leares  and  the  shoots,  bear  a  general 
resemblance.     In   British   gardens   it   I 
may  be  considered  as  rather  tender,  J 
and   not   of   many   years'   duration;  M 
nererdieleEs,  in  fine  seasons,  it  ripens  1 
abundance  of  seeds.     It  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  and    • 
of  the  shoots,  as  well  as  by  seeds  or 
7  layers.    In  most  of  the  counties  north 
4  ol  London,  the  safest  situation  for  it 
•r.  -  "-,---'■■-     will  be  against  a  wall ;  and  it  well  de-  , 

serves  a  place  there,  on  account  of  .—p.iMiMiii. 

its  luxuriant  deep  green  foliage,  and  la^  bright  yellow  flowers,     ^nagyris 
fndica  WaSL,  Mr.  Gordon  considers  as  diflering  a  little  from  the  species. 


Sect-  II.     Lo\r.jE. 


□ 


IPhEX  L.    TiiK  Furze,    i^'n.  5jit/.  Monad^lphia  Bedindria. 

Lam.  ni.,t.eil.i  DK.PrnL.S.  p.lU.i  Don't  Mill..*,  p.ltS. 
oc,  Celtic,  1  point;  In  nJersDce  talhg  prickly  bianchei. 
Gen.  Char.     Cali/x  bibracteate,  bipartite,  one  of  the  lips  3-toothed,  the  other 
bidentste.     Stament  all   connected.     Legunic   oval-oblong,    turgid,   many- 
ovulate,  but  few-seeded,  hardly  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Leavet  simple,  linear,  caducous,  often  changing  into  spines.      Ftowert 
solitary,  yellow. 

Branchy  spinous  shrubs,  evergreen  from  the  colour  of  the  bark,  with  yellow 
flowera,  natives  of  Europe,  which  will  grow  in  any  tolerably  good  soil  that  is 
dry ;  and  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  or  by  cuttings  planted  in  s.-md. 


SOO  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

■  1 .  ETuz  buropa'a  L.    The  European,  or  common.  Furze,  or  WIdn. 

Idntifiettiim.    Lin.  Spec^  l«^n^.  ■;  Due.  Prod.,  t.  p.  144. ;  DoE'l  Hill.,  I.  p.  MS. 

SvwnnKi.     G«nliU  iplniiu  L'Ottl;   V.  inDiUflBrm  Four.  \    V.  Tcniilk  noKi   VUo,  Con*, 

Prtcllt  Bcooma  j  AJonc  conman,  Jonc  mirlii,  Jomiiin,  ar  GoiM  tplnnu,  »-. 
Emtraiilmgi.    Kiw.  BoL,  t.741.i  udour  A'.  »»' wdSWI' 

iS/i«c.  C'Aitr.,  ^(^.  Leaves  lanceolate,  linear.  BrtmchleU  villous.  Bractou 
ovate,  loose.  Calyx  pubescent.  An  erect  compact  bush,  evergreen,  from 
the  colour  of  the  bark.  Miiiille  and  South  of  Europe,  ongravellf  soils; 
and  in  Britain  on  hills.  Height  2  ft.  to  5ft. ;  in  theltered  woods,  10 ft. 
Flowers  rich  yellow  ;  February  to  Ha;,  aud  itt  mild  winters  Sqitember 
to  May.  Pod  brown  j  ripe  in  August, 
Varkliet. 

m  U.  e.  iftore  plena  has  double  flowers,  and  is  a  spleiuUd  plant  when 
profusely  covered  with  blossonu,  well  adapted  for  small  gardens,  and 


kept  them 


U.  promuidli. 
ropte'^  but,  as  thev  may  possibly  belong  to  U.  nftna,  we  hi 
distinct,  and  treated  them  as  botanical  species  or  i 
The  common   furze,  in   Caernarvonshire,  grows 
to  the  height  of  1500  tt.  above  the   sea,  in  open, 
airy,  warm  situations  i  but  in  damp  shaded  valfeys, 
not  higher  then  60011. 
In   the  North   of  Eng- 
land,according  to  Winch , 
it  forms  fine  fox  covers 
at  800  or  900  feet ;  and 
grows,  in  warm  sheltered 
situations,   at    SOOO  ft. 
I  At  Inverness,  it  ia  found 
totlic  height  of  1150  ft. 
About   Tongue,  in   the 
north-west    of    Suther- 
m    rriii iii.-i  land,  where  it  was  in- 

troduced,   but    is   now 
■vituralised,  it   scarcely  attains  350  ft.  of  elevation.     The  young  brenebes, 
bruised,  and  given  to  cattle  and  horses  in  a  green  state,  are  found  highly 


ferable,  on  account  of  the  absence  of  priekles.  Thi 
is  chiefly  desirable  in  situatio  '  -'  '  ■ 
thrive;  because  the  furze  is  i 
young  trees,  it  is  sometimes  so 
to  be  sown,  or  young  trees  a 
state  is  chiefly  as  fuel  for  baLe 
lighting  fires.  In  Scotland,  it 
■n  England, 


for  hedges 
where  the  hawthorn  or  the  holly  will  not 
a  plant  of  long  duration.  As  a  shelter  to 
where  acorns,  beech  masts,  or  chestnuts  are 
to  be  planted.  The  use  of  furze  in  a  dead 
ovens,  for  brick,  tile,  and  lime  kilns,  and  for 
sometimes  used  in  kilns  for  drying  oats, 
weave  into  the  sides  of  hovels  for 


sheltenog  cattle,  to  prevent  them  (rotn  rubbing  against  them.  In  gardens, 
the  points  of  the  shoots  are  chopped  into  pieces  of  about  I  in.  in  length,  and 
dropped  into  the  drills  in  which  peas  are  sown,  before  the  seeds  are  covered ; 
and,  the  earth  being  drawn  over  them  and  trod  down,  they  are  found  effectu- 
nlly  CO  resist  the  attacks  of  mice  and  small  birds.  In  France,  the  chopped 
lirunches  are  mixed  with  cow-dung,  and  the  mixture  afterwards  Tormud  mto 
bricks,  which  are  dried  in  the  sun,  and  used  as  fuel.  The  seeds,  if  they  could 
be  procured  in  sufficient  quantity,  would,  if  ^ound  into  flower,  form  a  nutri- 
tive food  both  fur  cattle  and  swine :  they  retain  their  vital  property  for  several 
years.  In  Britany,  large  heaps  are  formed  of  alternate  layers  of  turf  and 
dried  furze  branches;  and,  the  whole  being  set  fire  to,  the  ashes 


XXV.    LEGUM1NAGE«:     [TLEX.  201 

mile  in  length  aa  a  hedge.  The  double-flowered  and  the  fkstigiHte  varietiea  are 
propagated  by  cuttings :  the  latter,  when  wanted  for  agricultural  ^rpoies, 
may  be  bedded  in,  like  box,  in  a  aanJy  aoil  rather  moist,  in  tlie  b^nmng  of 
Septemtier  i   and  by  the  folloving  spring  they  wiU  be  fit  to  transplant. 

■-  2,  U.  (b.)  na'n*  Fonl.     The  dwarf  Furze. 

MmHltaUm.  !taltbeDg.FI.,a.  p.  MS.i  Eot.  Bol..  t.  ;u. ;  D«.  Prod,  l.p.  IH.  i  Don'i  UlLI. 
1.  T  i*»- :  Wsbb  llFr  HilHn..  ll. 

^^iwrmn,    U,  nliKir  AdA  Cal,  l.p.  «a.i  V.amfm'vie  U*.  Spa.  lOM. 

Sitgnimltifi.    Bug.  BoL.,  t.  lU.  i  tadaar  figi-Vil-taiWi. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  end  leaves  smooth,  the  latter  linear.  Calyx  gl^ 
broua,  with  spreading  narrow  teeth.  According  to  Smith,  the  esaenlial 
character  consists  in  the  more  distinct  and  apreading  calyx  teeth,  and  the 
more  minute,  rounded,  close-preBsed,  and  oflen  hardly  discernible,  brac- 
teas.     An  evergreen,  compact,  low,  spiny  ahrub.     Britain  and  the  western 

tarts  of  France,  on  poor  gravelly  soils.  Height  2 — 3  fL  Flowers  rich  yel- 
iw;  August  to  December.  Pods  brown  ;  npe  in  December, 
A  very  distinct  sort,  though, 
from  the  very  dilFerent  and  more 
luxuriant  h^it  which  the  plant 
has  when  cultivated  in  gardens 
on  rich  soils,  we  have  no  doubt  of 
its  b«ng  only  a  variety  of  U.  eu- 
rops'a.  In  its  native  habitats,  it 
is  eanly  distinguished  from  that 
species  by  its  low  growth,  seldom 
exceeding  8  ft.  in  height  j  by  its 
being  much  smaller  in  all  its  parts; 
by  its  decumbent  habit ;  and  by  its 
flowering  from  the  end  of  August 
till  the   beginning  of  December,      "''  "■i*-''*"- 

and  seldom  at  any  other  season.  Very  neat  low  hedges  and  edgings  may  be 
formed  of  it. 

»  3,  U,  (b.)  PBOvntcti'Lis  Lou.    The  Provence  Fune. 

MnlfpeaUim.    Lcdi.  NM.,  IM. ,  Dee.  Prod.,  1  p.  I*t-!  Don'i  HIU.,  1,  p.  IW.i 

Wfl*  [(«  HIipuL, «). 
SraMfiv.    ITlei  usiitiii  Cltmtia. 
JC^froMtfL   Loll.  Vat.,  b  S.  (.  3.  i  asil  oar  Jig.  301. 

£^Kc.  CAar.,  ^.  Calyx  rather  pubescent,  with  lanceolate  distant 
teeth.  An  erect,  evei^reen,  compact  shrub ;  intermediate,  in 
all  its  parts  and  in  its  babit,  between  t/.  europos^a  and  U. 
nina.  Provence,  Andegavany,  and  Mauritania.  Height  2  (t 
to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  ISSO.  Flowers  rich  yellow  ;  August 
to  December.  Pod  brown;  ripe  in  December. 
Whatever  doubts  there  may  be  as  to  I/,  n^na  being  a  distinct 

species,  ihero  can  be  none  as  to  this  sort  being  only  a  variety. 

As  an  evergreen  shrub,  flowering  &eely ;  it  well  deserves  a  pbce 

in  collections.  tw-  v. ,...__» 

•  4.   U.  (e.)  stri'cta  Madeay.     The  uprigbt^crouvi^,  or  JriiA,  Furze. 
ckij'i  Lilt  or  Irtifa  PluU  I  Hook.  Bril.  F),,  d.  SIT. 

.     linlca  Don't  MiU.  %  p.  ItS.  i  V.  blliitU  Kirt. 

.    Out  A.      .top.      . 

^r.  CAar.,  ^c.  Habit  erect,  narrow,  and  comnact.  Spines  few  or  none  ; 
and  what  there  are,  weak,  branched,  lea^,  and  pubescent.  An  erect,  com- 
pact, evergreen  shnib.  Ireland.  Height  6  ft.  to  lOft.  Introduced  in 
1815.  Flowers  yellow,  rarely  produced  ;  August  to  December,  Pod 
brown  i  ripe  in  December, 
Discovered  in   the  Marquess  of  Londonderry's  Park,   in  the   county  of 


202 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Down,  in  1815,  or  before.  It  is  very  upright  in  its  growth,  and  attains  the 
height,  in  good  soils,  of  from  6  ft.  to  10  h,  in  as  many  years.  Its  branches 
are  so  soft  and  succulent  that  sheep  and  cattle  eat  them  without  injuring  their 
mouths,  and  are  very  fond  of  them.  It  forms  excellent  garden  hedges,  and, 
in  rather  moist  climates,  is  a  most  excellent  forage  plant,  as  has  been  already 
stated  under  U.  europae^.  It  only  rarely  flowers,  and  has  very  seldom  pro- 
duced seeds  ;  but  it  is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings. 

Other  Species  of  V^'lex.  —  U.  gBmstoidet  Brot.,  U,  mitis  Hort,,  Stauradin* 
thus  aph^lus  Umkt  is  a  leafless  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  CTlex ;  a  native  of 
Portugal  in  sandy  pine  woods ;  and  diflerin^  from  CTlex  nlina  chiefly  in  the 
spines  branching  into  two  small  ones  at  the  sides.  It  was  introduced  in  1823 ; 
and  grows  to  the  height  of  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  It  is  rather  tender  in  the  climate  of 
London,  but  sometimes  stands  the  winter  among  rockwork. 

Genus  V, 


A. 

i^AHTIUM  Dec.    The  Spartiuh,  or  Spanish  Broom.    Lm,  Si/si. 

Monad^lphia  Dec&ndria. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.,  996. ;  Dec.  Prod..  S.  p.  US. ;  Don's  MIU.,  S.  p.  148. 
Sunot^fwtes.    SpartllnUias  Link  Emtm.  S.  p.  w. ;  Genlita  sp.  Lam.  and  Meenek ;  Sparslo,  Ilal. 
DtrivaUon,    From  aparton^  cordage ;  in  alloilon  to  Che  nae  of  tlie  plant  in  early  agea  generally,  and 
in  Spain,  eren  to  the  present  day,  for  making  ropes. 

Gen.  Char.,  S^c.  Cahfx  membranous,  spathaceous,  cleft  above,  6*toothed  at 
the  a|>ex,  somewhat  labiate.  Corolla  with  a  roundish  complicated  vexillum, 
and  an  acuminated  keel.  Petals  a  little  agglutinated,  but  partable.  Sta- 
meru  monadelphous.    Legume  compressed,  many-seeded,  glandless.  {Don's 

Jjeaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  caducous  ;  lanceolate.  Flowers  in 
terminal  racemes,  large,  distant,  and  yellow.  —  A  shrub,  a  native  of  Spain 
and  Portugal. 

A  I,  S.  JU^NCBUif  L,     The  Rush-£^tf  Spartium,  or  Spanish  Broom. 

Identification.    Lin.  8p..  995. ;  Dee.  Prod.,  S.  p.  Mft. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  148. 

Sifnoi^mes,    Genista  ^ncea  Lam.  and  Du  uam. ;    Q.  odorkta  Maeneh ;   SpartUnthus  >iknceus 

Mceneh  \  GenM  d'Espagne,  Fr. ;  BinsMiartige  Pfriemen,  Ger, ;  Ginestra  di  Spagna,  Ital . 
Sngraoingt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  S.  t.  22. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  65. ;  and  our  fig.  805. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  upright,  round,  of  a  deep  green  colour,  smootli, 
and  with  but  few  leaves,  which  are  lanceolate,  anci  soon  drop  off*.  An  up- 
right shrub,  evergreen  ftom  the  colour  of  its  numerous  shoots.  Spain, 
Portugal,  and  the  South  of  France,  in  gravelly  soils.  Height  5  ft.  to  8  ft. ; 
in  British  gardens  8  ft.  to  12ft.  In- 
troduced in  1548.  Flowers  dark  yel- 
low, large ;  July  to  September.  Pods 
brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Naked 
young  wood  smooth  and  dark  green. 

Varieties, 
A  S.  j.  2  odoratissimum  (S.  odora- 

tlssimum    D.  Don  Brit.    FL 

Gard.  2.  St.  390.;  S.  acutifo- 

lium  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg. ;  and  our 

fig.  304.)  has  the  flowers  sweet- 
scented,  and  the  leaves  more 

acute  than  those  of  the  species. 

Raised  from  Turkish  seeds. 
^  S.  j.  3  fibre  pleno  has  double  flowers. 


301.    Sp&ttininJ&nccumodoratlttlmnRi. 


XXV.  leoumina'cej:  :  ceni'sta. 

In  Ital;  and  the  South  of  France  a  very  good  cloth 
is  manulsi^tured  rrom  the  fibres  of  this  plant.  Both  in 
Spain  end  France,  the  aboota  are  used  for  fonnii^ 
baakets,  and  for  tying  up  vines  and  other  fruit  trees. 
The  bees  are  nid  to  be  vety  fbnd  of  the  flowers;  and 
the  seeds  are  eaten  with  great  aridity  by  poultry,  pw- 
tridges,  Stc.  MedidnaUy,  the  flowers  and  leaves,  in 
infusion,  act  as  an  emetic,  or,  in  «  lai^^  quantity-,  as  an 
aperient.  In  Britmn,  the  plant  is  solely  regarded  as  en 
ornamental  shrub.  Seeds  are  produced  in  abundance, 
and  tiiej  will  come  up  in  any  soil  that  ia  tolerably  dry. 
In  the  nurseiy,  thev  oucht  to  be  transplanted  every  year, 
ai  th^  ere  apt  to  ronn long  t^roots  end  very  few  fibres. 

Genus  VI. 


UrllQLjL] 


REKI'STA  Lata.    Taa  Obnist*.    i^.  Sj/tl.  Monad^lphia  Dedindm. 

UrmtUcalMt.    Lm.  Diet,  1.  f.  GIG. ;  lU- 1.  GIB.  i  Dec  Prod.,  *.  p.  lU. ;  Don't  Hill- 1.  p. !««. 
Syti^i^ma.    OvOHm,  et  Sp*rtIuio,  ijwc.  Ltm.  i  GonB.  Fr.  j  Glmter,  Qtr. ;  Oluaw™,  JtaL 
Gen.  Char.     Cali/x  bilabiate,  upper  lip  bipartite,  lower  one  tridentate,  or  5- 
1obed,tbe  three  lower  lobes  nrariy  joined  to  the  apex.  FuiUiun  oblong-oval. 
Carina  (djlong,  straight,  not  always  containing  the  stamens  and  pistils.     Sla- 
metu  monade^bous.     Legume  compressed,  many^seeded.  (Don't  ItfUL) 

Leaeei  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  rarely  opposite,  slipiilate,  decidu- 
ous or  sub-evergreen ;  laiiceolate,  linear,  or  trifoliolate.  Fhwert  terminal  OT 
axillary,  yellow. 

The  hardy  species  are  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  shrubs,  generally  with 
trifoUolste  leaves  and  yellow  flowers  ;  there  is  a  great  sameness  of  character 
among  them,  and,  though  many  are  quite  distinct,  yet  it  ia  highly  probable  that 
the  greater  number  now  recorded  as  species  are  only  vanetics.  They  are 
chiefly  natives  of  Europe ;  but  a  few  are  found  in  the  liorth  of  Africa.  As 
they  grow  rapidly,  and  flower  &eely,  especially  on  soils  not  wet  at  bottom, 
they  are  desir^te  plants  for  oewiv  foroied  slirubberies,  but  In  general  they 
are  not  of  long  duration.  A  number  of  the  spedes  were  formerly  mcluded 
under  the  genus  AArtium  and  gome  under  Cytisus,  from  which  they  have 
been  separated  by  Lamarck,  whose  arrangement,  as  modified  by  DeCandolle, 
we  have  adopted  in  the  following  enumeration. 


f  1.   Unarmed.     Leaeet  all,  or  fir  tie  mait  part,  IrifoUolale. 


[.o'ra  Dee.    The  small- 
dowered  Genista. 

UaUt/ltatlBm.  Dm.  Fnd.,  1.  p.  14& ;  Ddq'i  UDI.. 
fyvmgme.  Spkrtium  pvrlObniiu  F*mt.  Bon.  Celt. 
Sagmtatt.  Vont  Hort  Ceti',C.S7,i  tJtdoatflg.KS. 
Spee.Chtir.,i^c,  Leaf  trifoliolate,  the  petiole 
very  short;  and  the  leaflets  usuallydeci- 
Ffowers 


dnous,  very  narrow, 

in  lengthened  ternunal  racemes,     l^. 

gumes  compressed,  1 — 3-seeded,  rather 

pubescent,  b«ng  covered  with  minute  ^^^  J^^^^ 

closely  pressed  down,  slightly  spread-  ^^^  *     ''" 

ii^   {Dec.  Prod.)   A  deciduous  shrub. 

Levant,  near  the  Qulf  of  Hundaoia. 


204 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTtCETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


807.    O. 


Height  6  ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1817.  Flowers  yellow ; 
May  to  August.    L^;ume  ?.    H.  8. 

Sktk  2.  G,  CA^NDiCANS  L.     The  whitish  Genista. 

JdenijfieaHon,    Lin.  Amcen. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  145.;  Don'i  Hill.,  S.  p.  149. ; 

W^b  Iter  HUpan.,  M. 
Sunonffmet.    Cf  tbiu  cindiomt  Lim,  Sp. ;  C.  paMicens  Mmnck, 
EngravimgM.    Dend.  Brit.,  t.  80. ;  and  oar  Jig.  807. 

Spec,  Char,t  ^c.  Leaf  trifoliolate,  petiolate  ;  leaflets  obovate, 
pubescent,  with  appressed  down.  Branches  angled. 
Flowers  in  terminal  heads,  few  in  a  head.  Legume  hairy. 
(Dec,  Prod.)  A  hofu^  sub-evergreen  shrub,  of  short  du- 
ration. Mogador,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.  Height  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  scent- 
less; April  to  July.    Legume  ?. 

The  great  advantage  of  this  spe^es  is,  that  it  grows 
rapidly,  and  flowers  freely. 

A  3.  G,  PATTENS  Dec,    The  spreading  Genista. 

Idaaificathm.    Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  146.;  Don*f  Mill.,  S.  p.  148.;  Webb 

Iter  Htoptn.,  p.  iX). 
Synoit^me.    5p«rtium  piteni  Gov.  lam,  i.  p.  88.,  exdiuire  of  the 

synoDyme. 
Engrmmgt,    Car.  loon.,  S.  p.  M.  k.  176.;  and  our  Jig.  808. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Branches  striated,  twiggy,  glabrous. 
Leaves  staJked,  trifoliolate.  Leaflets  obovate,  pu- 
bescent beneath.  Flowers  in  fours,  pedicellate, 
nearly  terminal.  Legume  glabrous,  3--6-seeded. 
(Don's  Mill,)  A  spreading  shrub.  Spain.  On 
mountains  near  Albayda,  and  found  by  P.  B. 
Webb  on  Monte  Santo  in  Catalonia.  Introduced 
in  ?1830.  Height  4  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers  yellow ; 
April  to  July. 

It  diflers  from  Cytisus  p&tens,  in  the  upper  lip  of 
the  calyx  bein^  acutely  bipartite ;  lower  lip  of  three 
bristles,  not  with  the  lips  nearly  equal  and  entire. 

Jt  4.  G,  TRi^auBTRA  Aii.     The  tnaDga\aT'4temmed  Genista. 

IdentifieaHon.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  8.  p.  14. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  146. ;  Don's  MHI.,  S.  p.  149. 

&monifme.    G.  trlqaetra  Lam.  f 

Engraving:    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  814. ;  Dend.  Brit,  t.  79. ;  and  oar  fig.  809. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  3-sided,  decumbent,  the  younger  ones  villose. 
Leaves  trifoliolate,  simple  about  the  extremities  of  the  branches ;  leaflets 
ovate-lanceolate,  villose.  Flowers  in  short  terminal  ra- 
cemes. (Dec,  Prod,)  A  trailing  shrub,  evergreen  from  the 
colour  of  its  shoots.  Spain,  Italyj  and  France.  Height 
6 in.  Introduced  in  1748.  Flowers  yellow;  April  to 
July.    L^ume  ?. 

No  shrub  is  more  ornamental  on  rockwork;  and,  when, 
trained  to  a  stake  and  allowed  to  form  a  head,  or  grafted 
standard  hi^h  on  a  laburnum,  it  forms  a  singular  object, 
and,  when  in  flower,  a  most  magnificent  one.  It  is  also  an 
admirable  plant  for  training  against  a  wall,  particularly  in 
dry  situations,  where  it  is  exposed  to  the  sun. 


809.    O.  tslqiMttm. 


M  5.  G,  uifBBLLA^TA  PotT,    The  umbellate^u^frvc/  Genista. 

Idmtiftcatiom.     Poir.  Suppl.,  %.  p.  715. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  146. ;  Don*f  Mill.,  S.  p.  149. ;  Webb  iter 

Hispan.,  p.  51. 
Svnon^mes.    5pirtiam  umbeltttum  Derf.  AtL  3.  p.  188.,  VHtrit.  Stirp.  188. ;  BoUna,  Ir  Andahuia. 
Engrmring,    Omr/lg.      .  in  p. 

Sj>ec,  Char.,  6^c,  Leaf  trifoliolate,  its  petiole  short,  its  leaflets  linear-lanceolate. 


XXV.    LEOUHIHa'cE£ :    CENl'STA.  205 

and  rather  rnlky.     Flowers  in  t«rmin^  heads.     Calyx  bury,  in  a  silk;  man- 
ner.    Corolla  and  legume  silky.     Branches  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  low 
shrub.     Barbary,  on  arid  bills;  and  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  hills,     H^ht 
1  ft.  to  S  ft.     Introduced  in  1779.     Flowers  yellow }  April  to  June. 
Variely. 

A  O.  u.  S  capUala  Dec.     fp&rtium  capitatum  Cae.  Annal.  1601,  p.  63.  — 
Branches  and  leares  covered  with  silky  villi.     Native  of  Mogador. 

§  8.  SpiuBK.    Leavei  all,  or  tome  of  them,  trijoHolale, 

Jt  6.  G.  LusiTi'NiCi  L.    The  Portugal  Oeniata. 

LlD.  Sjh,  999.,  «KC]iulT«  or  tli«  jjDonjiii»  of  CIul  uid  J.  Baoh. ;  Lam.  Diet-, 
cliuire  Df  tb«  lynQDnna  \  Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  146. ;  Du'i  HUl.,  1.  p,  4fiO. 
Andr.  BM.  B^.,  (.413.;  tod  uur  J%.  SIO. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  spiny,  round,  becomiiu  striate. 

Leaves  tnfbliolate,  opposite,  upon  short  petioles  ;  the  leaflets  , 
linear,  folded,   somewhat   silky.     Flowers  few,  tenninil. 

Calyx  very  hairy.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  very  roiny  shrub,  ever-  ^ 

ETeen   from   the   colour   of   its  young  shoots.     Portugal,  s 

Introduced  in  1771.     Flowers  yellow  ;  March  Jj 

s____ « 

among  LegiuninAceee. 
•  7.  G.  (i..)  BADiiVA  Scop,     The  nyed-itroTiched  Genista. 
.    Scop.  Cani.,Mo.8ri.  1  D«c.  Frwl,l.p.  116.1  DOS'! UU..  1.  p.  IN. 
Sfknhm  n^itam  Urn.  Sp.  »e,  Um.  lim.,slni  Bal.  Mof.  ;  a.OttoiiiD. 
au.  IcsD.,t.MR.  r.  I.;  BM.  liii.,  I.  ns).  I  Bidaur  j^.ni' 
Spec.   Char.,   ^c.     Branches   angled,  grouped,   glabrous, 
lieaf  triroliolate,  almost  tetsfle,  opposite,  die  leaflets 
somewhat  silky.     Flowers  in  terminal  beads,  S — 1  in  a 
head.     Corolla  and  l^ume  silky.     The  old  branches 
show  a  tendency  to  become  spiny.     The  legumes  are 
oval,  short,  compressed,  pointed  with  the  style,  end 
include  two  seeds.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  low  shrub,  of  short 
duration,  evo^reen  Irom  the  colour  of  its  young  shoots, 
Italy,  Camiola,  and  the  VaUais.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  fl. 
Introduced  in  1758,     Flowera  yellow;   June  and  July. 
L^ume  ?. 

J>  O.  (f.)  r.  8  umbeOata,  G.  umbeUila  F^r.,  5^rtium 
mnbellitum  De^.,  appears,  from  a  plant  that 
was  in  the  Hort.  Soc  Garden  in  1837,  to  belong 
to  this  species. 


lay.     Legume  7. 


Dillerins  from  G.  lusitJinics  princ^ially  in  beingwithout 

sfHnes,  and  having  its  leaves  somewhat  longer.     Both  G. 

radiita  and  G.  lusitinica  have  a  very  nngular  appearance 

when  without  their  leaves;  and,  in  that  point  of  vi 

be  considered  as  almost  as  interesting  in  winter  as  they  are  ii 

'  8.  G.  kpbbdroOdes  Dec.    The  Ephedra.like  Genista. 

,  Ugnm.  Hfaa.,  «.  j  Dec  Piod.,  1.  p.  147.  \  Dw'i  HUl,  1 


Batrmrbui.  Dae  UgnD  Ktm.,  6.  I.  M.  i  HauDd'i  Bounk  Gudn.  I.  4M.  j  ■ 
•HaJIgTni. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  some  tiifoliolate,  aome  simple,  few  w 
rile  ;  leaflets  linear,  almost  ^abroua.  Branches  rigid,  rour 
becoming  striated  and  spiny.  Flowers  in  spikes,  alterna 
yellow.     Calyx  somewhat  pubescent.   (Dee.  Prod.)    A  shrt 


206 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  young  slender  shoots.  Sardinia.  Height 
2ft.;  in  British  gardens  4  ft.  Introdi^ed  in  1832.  Ffewers  small,  yellow ; 
June  to  September.    Legume?. 

The  whole  plant  is  glabrous,  and  resembles  in  appear- 
ance ^'phedra  dist^chya.     Cuttings  strike  readily. 

jk  9.  G,  TRiACA^NTHos  Broi,    The  three-spined  Genista. 

Ident(ficati(m.    Brot.  Phyt.,  150.  t.  54. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  147. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  2. 

p.  150. 
SvnoPifme,    G.  roitrita  PiUr.  Suppl.  2.  p.  719. 
Engravhtgs.    Brot.  Phyt.,  t.  64. ;  and  oar  J^.  313. 

Spec,  CAar.f  ^c.  Leaves  sessile,  trifoliolate  and  simple,  gla- 
brous. Leaflets  linear-lanceolate.  Branchlets  spiny,  branch- 
ed. Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  few  in  a  raceme.  Cfdyx, 
corolla,  and  legume  glabrous ;  legume  1-seeded.  The 
spines  are  simple,  trifid,  or  branched.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A 
deciduous  undershrub.  Portugal,  on  mountains  and  in 
woods.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1821.  Flowers 
yellow ;  May  to  July.     Legume  ?. 

Fariety, 

jtQ,t,2  interr^pta  Dec.,  S^tium  interr6ptum  Cav, 
Annal,,  1801,  voL  iv.  p.  58.,  has  linear  leaflets,  and 
branches  usually  simple,  and  shorter  than  those  of  the  species.    It 
is  found  wild  about  Tangier. 


8U.  O.  MacinthflB. 


10.  G,  Ho^RRiDA  Dec.    The  horrid  Genista. 


Idi 


814   Gcnitta  htfiTida. 


leniiflcation,    Dec.  FI.  Fr.,  4.  p.  600. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  146. ;  DoD'i 

Mill.,  2.  p.  149. ;  Webb.  Iter  Htipan.,  51. 
Syrumyma.    5pijtluin  h6rrldam  VaU  Sumb.  1.  p.  51.,  ezcloiiveol 

the  ftynonyme :  G.  erinicea  GWb,  Boi.  Frai.  2.  p.  2S9. 
Engraves.    Gilib.  Bot.  Prat.,  2.  p.  239.  icon. ;  and  oar  Jig.  314. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Branches  grouped,  angled,  spiny, 
opposite.  Leaves  trifoliolate,  opposite ;  the  leaflets 
linear,  folded,  somewhat  silky.  Flowers  few, 
almost  terminal.  Calyx  pubescent.  {Dec.  Prod,) 
A  native  of  the  Pyrenees.  Height  4  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1821.  Flowers  yellow ;  May  and  June- 
Legume?. 

§  3.  Spinote.    Leaves  aU  simple, 
m\\,  G,  sylvb'stris  Scop,    The  wood  Geubta. 

IdmUflealion.    Scop.  Cam.,  No.  875. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  148. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  161. 
SvMOHymr.    O.  hisMnica  Jaeq.  lam.  Bar.  t.  597. 
Engravimgs.  Jacq.  Icon.  Bar.,  t.  557. ;  and  oar^l^.  S16. 

S^ec,  Ckar,^  S^c,  Leaves  simple,  lioear-awl- 
shaped,  glabrous  above,  villose  in  a  closely 
pressed  manner  beneath.  Spines  axillary, 
branched,  slender.  Flowers  glabrous, 
disposed  in  a  terminal  spiked  raceme. 
Teeth  of  the  calyx  almost  spiny.  The 
keel  longer  than  the  standard  and  wings. 
(Dec.  Prod,)  A  deciduous  undershrub. 
Camiola  and  Croatia,  on  hills.  Height 
1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers 
yeUow;  June  and  July.    Legume?.  ,i,.o^^^r*^ 

jk  \2,  G,  ^cq'rpius  Dec.    The  Scorpion  Genista. 

^''a^S^'    **'"*""  Scdrpiui  Un.  Sp.  996. ;  G.  fptnifldra  Lam,  Diet.  2.  p.  621. ;  Scorpion  Furae, 
Bngraviitft.   Dead.  Brtt.,  t.  78. ;  and  our  y|^.  816. 


XXV.  leoumina'ces:  genisiv 

Spec,  (^utr^  ^c.  Sjany ;  spines  branched,  spreading, 
Mriated,  glabrouB.  Leaves  simple,  very  few,  oblong, 
somewhat  silky.  Flowers  glabrous,  upon  short  pe- 
dicels, in  groups  disposed  somewhat  racemosel; ;  the 
keel  as  long  as  the  standard.  Legume  coataining 
2—4  veeds.  {Dec,  Prod.)  An  upright,  dedduous, 
spiny  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and  Baibary,  in 
arid  places.  Hdght  Sfl.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1370. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  Hay.     Legume  ?. 


I  13.  G.  bispa'nica  L.    Tbe  Spanish  Ocnbta. 

,.__ Sp^899.:  D«.Fra>L.J.p.l«g.i  Doa'iHlU.,3.1 

Sauifwu.    Spudili  Furu.  Oin. 

Sngrarn^t.    UT.  ICOD^  8.  t.  Ill-  i  T^m.  UL.,  t.  SIS.  f.  i-i  IDdotir/f.  317. 

^lee.  dor,,  t[c.  Spiny,  except  in  the  flower4>eBring 
branches  ;  spines  branched,  rigid.  Leaves  aimple,  lanceo- 
late, villose.  Flowers  in  a  terminal  Bubcapitate  raceme. 
Keel  villose,  the  length  of  tbe  glabrous  standard.  Le- 
gume oval,  including  S — 4  seeds ;  when  ripe,  rather  gla- 
brous, (pec.  Prod,)  A  diminutiTe  undertnrub,  evergreen 
irom  the  colour  of  its  shoots.  Spain  and  the  South  of 
Prance-Heigbt  ^ft.  tolft.  Introduced  in  1750.  Flowers 
ydlow ;  June  and  July.     Legume  7. 

.■  14^  G.  a'nolica  L.    The  English  Genista,  or  Petty  H'Am. 

Smttemnmt.    C-  inlDDT  Lam,  Pi,  Fr.  3.  p.  SIIV 

Enrra^hto.    Sdc,  But,  I.  111. ;  I.abcl  IcoD.,  1.  p.  SI. f.  1,  j  tni  om  JIg.nt. 
Spec.  Char.,  fe.     Spiny,  except  in   the  flower-         . 
bearing  branches  ;  spines  sunple ;  the  whole    itSi 

Elant  glabrous.     Leaves  simple,  ovate-lanceo-   ^S  a^ 

ite.    Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  few  in  a  ^\ 

raceme;  the  keel  longeron  tbe  standard  and  VA 

wings.     Legume  ovately  cvlindrical,  including  I9I 

many  seeds.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  prostrate  de-  ISl 

ciduous  ahrub,  with  woody  stems.     Native  of  ff 

the  Middle  and   North  01   Europe  ;  and  &e-  • 

quent  in  Britain,  on  moist,  boggy,  heathy  com- 
mons. Hei^t  1  ft.  Flowers  ^low  ;  May  and 
June.  Legume  brown;  ripe  m  August. 

Cultivated  in  coIlecUons,  where  it  forms  a  "■■  """"ta** 

B|Hoy  bush  about  S  ft.  in  hdght. 

ji  ]5.  G.  aetMi'mcA  L.     The  German  Genista. 
UmlfficalHm,    LiD.  Spn  K".  i  D«.  Prod..  3.  p.  149. 1  Don'i  MDl.,  I.  p.  ISI. 
Sfmrnrtt.     Sc6rpliu  Iptniaiu  Kuk*  MM.  tS4.  ;  Vdglnw  ipfaitiu  Fl.  tTtO.  1.  p.  MO.  ;  BuUnx- 

£iKr«awi-    ^ncbi  HiU,  19>.  iua.  |  Rmju  AUilld.,  L  in.  | 

oiitA.^19. 

i^wc.  C&itr.,  ^c.  Spiny,  except  in  the  flower-bearing 
branches  ;  spines  simple  or  branched.  Leaves 
simple,  lanceolate,  slightly  hairy.  Flowers  somewhat  ' 
villose,  in  tenninij  rucemes.  Keel  longer  than  the 
standard  and  wings.  Legume  ovate,  srightly  hain, 
inchiding  8 — 4  se^.  '(£>n?.  Prod.)  A  spiny  thrub. 
Europe,  in  woods  and  on  heaths.  Height  S  ft.  to  3  fl. 
Introduced  in  1773.  Flowers  yellow  ;  June  to 
August.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANttlCUH. 


■■  G.g.  3.  inermt  Dec.  is  dmost  vithout  spines. 
f  4.   Unarmed.     Leavet  ali  limple, 
•  16.  G.  Fu'ROANa  L.     The  purging  Genista. 

tdemltfiaiUBn.    Lin.  8p.,  999, ;    Bull.  Herb.,  Hi.  ;    D«.  Frnd..  1.  p.  11 
StPHflVDV.     SpirtJuizi  purgini  LM.  A/tL  174. 

ZivTornft.  Sot.  cib.,  irn.;  udDiirj^.  an. 


■omewhat  silky.     Floweri  axillary,  solitary,  scarcely  pe- 
diceled.      PeUlg  equal,  glattrous.      The  young  lenume 
adpressedly  pubescent.  (Dec.  Frod.)     An  upright  s 
evergreen  from  the  colour  of  its  shoots.     Fnince,  on 
Introd.  1766.    Height  3  fV.  to  6  ft.   Floverg  yellow  ^  June 
aitd  July.     L^ume  broirn  ;    ripe  in  Septonber. 

■1  17.  G.  sBRi'cEA  H'ul/.     The  Eilky  Oenista. 

!•■    Wuir.  Id  luq.  Coll.,  1  p.  ISr.:  Dec.  Pm).,  3.  p.  119.  i  Ddd*!  U 
.     Jui),  Icad.R>r.,S.  t.U«.j  udourJV.m. 


Spec,  C/iar.,^c,  Decumbent,  with  upright 
rounJ  branches.  Leaves  simple,  linear- 
lanceolMe,  silky  beneath.  Flowers  ter- 
minal, 3  or  4  together,  in  a  sort  of  ra-  , 
ceme.  Petals  silky,  nearly  equoL  Lobes  ' 
of  the  caljx  oblong-acummate;  the  floral 
leaves  equalling  the  calyx  in  length. 
(An:,  Prod.)  Adecumbent  shrub.  Height 

6  in.     Austria  and  Croatia, in  subalpine  o«imi— i 

places  near  the  shore.     Introduced  in  °^ 

1818.   Flowers  yellow;  May  and  June.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  August. 

j«  19.  G.  apht'lla  Dec.    The  leafless  Genista. 

Umlfllctaim.    Dac.Fiad.,  9.  p.  119.  i  Don'j  Hill,  1  p.  \sa. 
Sma^ri^.    Spfatium  •ptafUum  Z.ta.  FU.  Smppl.  nS.]  C.  vlrgUA 

EmfTowltitf.    Fail.  Ilin.  ed.  Oill.  ADpend.,  Mo.  SH.  t.  SS.  T  1. 1  and 
our  flg'm. 

Spec.  ChaT.,Sfc.    Branched,  upright.     Leaves  niinple, 
very  few,  linear,  very  short.     Flowers  disposed  dis- 
tantly, in  len^hened  terminal  racemes.      Legumes 
compressed,  including  2  seeds  ;  when  young,  tomen- 
tose  (  when  adult,  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)      Height 
3 ft,  to 4  ft. in  British  gardens.  FoundinSiberia,in  de- 
serts, about  the  Volga.     In- 
trod. 1800.    Flowers  viols c^ 
ous;  June  and  July.   Legume        sa.  omiamm^iii^ 
brown  i  ripe  in  September. 

J>  19.  G^.  MONosPE'itiiALiini.    The  one.seeded  Genista. 

lltrMflaiiim.    LUL  Sii-C,  l.pGlG.j  DfE.  Prod.,  3.  p.  LMll  Don't 

MUl..  J.  p.  LM.  J  WBbb  Iter  tllipM.;  8!. 
Simntimci.    Sptrtiun  manoiptrmum  LAi.  Sp.  M3.,  Cmrl.  Sol.  ttag. 

Engra^M.    But  Hig.,  (.ess.!  nidcnirjb'SSS. 

Spec.ChoT.t^c.  Branched,  upright.  Leaves  simple,  very 
'        few,lineBr-oblong,adpresfiedlypubeacent.  Flowers  in 

1  lateral  racemes,  tew  in  a  raceme.  Petals  ulky,  almost 

2  equal.      Legumes  ovate,  infiated,   membranaceous, 
so.  r.iri..Tiii.i-iiL.L~        glabrous,  including  1—2  seeds.    (Dec.  Prod)      An 

erect  shrub,  with  numerous  slender,  twiggyt  Besile 


xxv.  legumina'ce-e  :  CENi'sTA.  209 

liruDchei.  On  the  Mediterranean  shored,  where,  in  many  places,  it  serves 
to  retain  and  coiuolidate  the  driiUof;  sand.  Height  2  ft.  to  4-  ft.  Introduced 
ID  1670.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  Julj,  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  leaves  end  young  branches  are,  in  these  countriea,  eaten  by  sheep  and 

goats ;  and  the  twigs  are  used  for  tying  vines  to  staLea,  or  tying  up  faggotn ; 

and  they  are  also  twisted  into  ropes. 

Ji  SO.  G.  spuaboca'rpa  Lam.     The  round-fniitcd  Genista. 


a 


n.   Diet..  3.  p.fiie.:    D«;.  Prod,  t.  f. 
USD  I  miij^  r-  IM'  1  ^>'>'>  '^'  "'IIMII'.  ">■ 
^vrnih^-    Clu.  HUL.  l.p.  lot.r.  l-i  laimrJIg.tU. 
Spec.  Char,,  ^c.    Twiggy,  branched.    Leaves  simple, 
few,  linisir,  almost  glabrous.     Flowers  in  lateral 
racemes,  manyinaraceme.  Petals  glabrous,  equal. 

ing  I — 2  seeds.     Flowers  small,  and  pale  yellow.  ^^ 
(Dec.  Prod.)     A  twiggy  shrub.     Native  of  the 
South  of  Europe  BDdNorth  of  Africa.     Height     Qj 


d  SI.  G.  xthnb'nsis  Dec.    The  Mount  Etna  Genista. 

Idr^iaicaUim.    D«.  Prad.,l.p.  IW.;  Dmi'iHllL,  I.  p.  161. 

arfrmrmn.     Sliiltlulil  IKhDHlM  St*.  Si.  Sie.   MiaU.    *.,Ridla.  Sriccli.i.f.  \l.,Siml  But.  tfat. 

Kit.  i  5plnluni  trtiptnnuiii  SmM  in  flaj'j  Oicl.  toI.  S3.  Ho.  fi. 
Mufra^i^.    Bot.lfM«,,(.m4.i  ud  OUTJ^.MS. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Upright,  very  much  bfenched.  Leave* 
simple,  few,  linear,  silky.  Flowers  in  tcnninal  racemes. 
Petals  almost  glabrous,  nearly  equal  in  length.  L^umes 
obliquely  orate,  compressed,  containing  2— S  seeds  i  when 
young,  pubescent.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  twiggy  shrub. 
Native  of  the  wooded  rc^on  of  Mount  Etna,  3000  R. 
— 6000  ft.  elevation ;  growmg  with  ..4'cer  monspesiulSinum. 
(Prett,  in  Curnp.  Bol.  Mag.,  vol.  i.  p.  91.)  Height2ft. 
to  1ft.  Introduced  in  1816.  Flowers  yellow  ;  June  and  ^ 
July.  L^unie  brown  ;  ripe  in  September,  '*'-  *'•'"' ■'*"'™'' 

Resembles  the  preceding  species,  except  that  the  flowers  are  twice  the  siie. 
Jt  88.  G.  anxa'ntic*  Tm.    The  Anxantic  Qeoista. 

Uatttcaliin.    Tin.  n.  NMLpmd.,  p.  41.  i  Dec.  Pcod.,l.p.  IMi  i  Don't  MOI,  1  P- HI 

^mgmimt.     <3.  BDlilltkm  Tttiore.  .  . 

gmtnrlit$,   FLMip.,  t.p.  in.LCa.)  Svt.  n.-Itar.,U  wr.LMS. )  indourA'' lM.>nd«i7. 


^lec.  CMar.,  ^e.     The  whole  plant  i 
brous.       Stems    spreading.       Bn 
Leaves  simple,  ovato-elliptical,  rather  c< 
veiny.    Flowers  in  racemes.     Corolla  thrice  i 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


tongas  the  calyx  ;  and  about  SUnulong.  Legume  containing  6 — lOMedt, 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  diffuse  throb.  Tiapht.  Ueigbt  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  iDtroduced  in 
181S.  Flowera yellow  i  Juneand  July.  Legume  brown  i  r^  in  September, 

Jt  a.a.3  tcari6$a.  O.  BCBri6sB  Hn.  (Frag.  Ft.  It>].  1.  t  8.;  md  our 
^.328.)  — Ad  upriebt  shrub,  closely  reiemblingtbe  species.  Litro- 
duced  in  1831,  ana  flowering  in  tne  HorL  Soc.  Garden  in  June 
and  July.    It  deserves  a  place  in  collections. 


23.  G.  1 


o'ria  L.     The  Pjer's  Broom,  or  Green  Weed. 

>i>niMm,s.p.iw. 

■n  Wooi,  OjM't  Weed,  txA  Wood-w 


Inwrnrt.       O.   Itdllc*    I^Cd.    Cat.i  Bw  DnHnD,  unm  nu 

Jmil  d™  Tefnlurlon.  Oci*!  de  BlbWe,  W-.j  OrbenderGt , 

Enfrarlitgi.    Bag.  BoC^  t.u.-,  uid aur j^. am. 

i^Mv.  CAar.,  i^c  Boot  creeping.  Stems  almost  upriglit.  Branches  round, 
striated,  uprieht.  Leaves  simple,  lanceolate,  rather  glabrous.  Flowen  gla- 
brous, in  spiked  racemes.  Legume  glabrous.  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  creeping- 
rooted  low  tbrub.  Common  in  Europe,  in  grassy  Belds,  and  in  woods  and 
copses,  particularly  in  dry  gravdly  or  sandy  toils.     H^ht   I  ft.  to  3  It. 


I  the  Epsom  Nursery  and 


,  ,        ularly  tn      ,   „         , 
Flowers  yellow  ;  July.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 
rarietiet. 

^a.t,  E  ^fidreplmo-^There   are  plants   ii 

the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 
ji  G.  t.   3   laHJoSa    Dec.  —  Leaves    broad- 
lanceolate.    A  native  of  Auvergne,  on 
the  Mont  d'Or. 
G. '.  i  hirtula  Dec. — Leaves  somewhat 
villose.     Branches  upright.    A  native  of 
sunny  meadows. 
.■  O.  f .  5  praleruii  Poll.  —  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  rather  hairy.     Branches  as- 
cending. Inhabits  the  mountainoua  parts 
of  Upper  Italy. 
It  is  very  common  in  pastures,  in  many  places, 
both  in  England  and  Scotland;  but, when  cows 
feed  on  it,  it  is  said  by  Raj  to  give  a  bitter  taste 
to  their  milk.     All  parts  of  this  phint,  and  espe- 
cially the  branches  and  leaves,  have  long  been  usad  by  dyers  tor  producinj 
yellow,  especially  for  dy^ng  wool  that  is  afterwanls  to  be  dyed  green  witi 
woad  (Jsiktis  tinct^ria  I,.).     The  plant  is  not 
now  in  cultivation  for  this  purpose;  but,  in 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  it  is  still  collected  in 
quantities  from  sandy  wast«a  and  commons, 
and  sold  (o  the  dyers. 

I  L.    The  Siberian 


11  Vmc*  VM.  lU.  I  Oe.  ' 


Spec.  C/iar.,^c.  Stems  erect;  andlhewhole 
plant  more  slender  and  taller  tbw  G. 
tinctdria,  of  which  it  is  evidently  only  a 
variety.  An  erect  shrub,  Siberia.  Height 
6  ft.  Introduced  in  1785.  Flowers  yellow  ; 
June  to  August.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  in 


.^CEXl    CENl'sTA- 


8i.  G.  (t.)  (iv*T*   tValdtl.     The 
wiidn.  tt  Kit.  PL  Huor.  t.  I.  M.  i  B4I 


s«.°s 


;!^c.  C^^  4^.  Sterna  numerous,  hairy, 
erecdab,  somewhat  herbaceomi,  aCriateo, 
terete.  Leavea  oTBte,  or  ovatooblong, 
and  are,  aa  well  as  the  legumes,  hairy. 
Racemea  ahort  Corolla  smooth.  (iXm'i 
MUi.')   A  shrub.     Bclavonia  and  Hun- 

Kry  ;  and  on  the  hilb  of  Italy,  from 
edmoQt  to  Ifaplea.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft. 
lutroduced  in  1819.  Flowera  yellow; 
June  to  August.  Lepune  brovD  ;  ripe 
in  S^tember, 

j>  86.  G.  TRiANGULABis   WH/d.     The  tn'aogalar-il'fninuif  Genista. 

Utmifailttm.    Wnid.  Sp.,  t.  p.  039, ;  Dec.  Prod.,  I.  p.  IH. )  Dan'i  Ull-  1.  n.  1U. 
Sfnomml.    O.  trlouFtn  Watiu.cl  Kit.  ihu.  1.  p.  )U.  [.  IH.,bat 
BM^Stti^'   WilJiI.elKU.  Hung.,  t.l.  lu:;  uiilourjV'*»- 
Spec.  Char.,   ^.       Branches  smooth,   3- 

angled,  and,  B8  well  as  the  tlems,  osceud- 

■Dg.     Leaves  lanceolate,  and  mucroDBtc 

Flowers  axiUary      Legume  compreased, 

and  mucronate.  (_Dec.  Prod.')   A  ahrub, 

Hungary,  on  calcareous  rocka.     Height  j 

1  ft.  Introd.  in  1815^    Flowers  yellow ; 

May  and  June.     L^ume  hrowo ;   ripe 

in  August. 

Closely  reaembling  G.  trfquetra,  of  which,  notwithstanding  its  simple  leaves, 
it  may  possibly  be  only  a  variety  ;  the  change  not  being  greater  than  what 
takea  place  in  Frixinus  excelsior  simpliciiolia. 


I  £7,  G.  sagitta'i. 

■  P-m. 


Theu 


n-^mnfed  Genista. 
mi,  %  f.  IB. 

.  1  Hm/M  AbWld,  I.  117.  UDd  our  A.  sw. 

spec.  Char.,  iic.     Stems  prostrate.    Branches  herbaceous,  ascending,  8-edged, 
membranous,  aomewbat  articulated.      Leaves  ovate-lanceolate.     Flowers 
disposed  in  an  ovate,   tenobal,   leafless 
spike.     Corolla  smooth ;  but  the  keel  is 
furnished  with  a  villous  line  on  the  back.  . 

(Don't  JIGU.)     A  jnstrate  shrub.    Cod<  I 

tiiwntal  Europe;  in  mountain  ptstures. 
Bei^tein.  Introduced  in  1750.  Flowen 
yellow;  May  and  June.    L^umebrownt  yfj-T\ 
ripe  in  AugtisL  ^''^V^ 

rarigtt/.  teiit    ' 

Jl  O.  /.  S  minor  Dec.  —  A  small  shrub,  ^^|K 
having  the  branches  clothed  with  ^Kl 
adpressed  pubescence  at  the  apex,  ^R 
as  well  as  the  leaves.  4^ 

For  practical  purposes,  this  may  be  con-  "^  oiaiMMiiiiub. 

sidered  as  a  herbaceous  plant.      It  is  a  very  disdnct,  ornaments),  and  hardy 
sort  i  growing  and  flowering  freely. 


Uenti/lalUcn.     • 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

E8.  G.  Dii^Pti'sA   Wiild.     The  Stfase  (hnusU. 

.  Sp.,  a.  p.  w),  1 

imutnx/'.luJa 

^ec  C^r.,  4rc.  Bnnchea  pro- 
cumbent from  the  neck,  tiique-  * 
trotu.  Leave*  lanceolate,  and 
■mooth,  B  litile  cQiated.  Pe- 
duncles axillary,  erect,  and  dis- 
posed in  interrupted  bscicles. 
Corollas  and  legiunes  glabrous. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  procumbent 
shrub.  Italy  and  Styritt,  in  ex- 
posed places.  R^bt  6  in.  In- 
troduced   ID    1815.       Flowers 

yellow;  May  and  June.     Le-  ,»,,  («oH.ii«»o«m. 

gume  browo  ;  ripe  in  August. 

.3:  89.  G.  pbosthaVa  Lara.  The  prostrate  Oenlsta. 
liailtlUiialam.  Lud.  Diet.,  9.  p.  61B. ;  Dae.  Prod.,  1.  p.  1M. ;  JDon'i  MIU.,  1.  p.  IBJ. 
Sfnoiipna.    O.  p«diincullu£'HfrA.  ffjVp,  184.;  O.  dectirabaulhir.  .0nr;f.  l.p.999.;  C  Hftlori 

£>vninm>?''l.^,  BM.  Ob.,  -m.  1  ud  our  A'.  ass.sM. 

i^Drr.  CiW.,  <f  c.    Stems  diffuse,  prostrate.    Branches  angular,  stiiated,  rather 


\Mj^ 


hairy.    Leares oTate-oblong,  somewhat  *||5 

hairy  beneath.      Flowers    aitillary,  on  ^^  o«m.i™u»i. 

long  erect  pedicels.     Corolla   glabrous.  p™«". 

Lc^mes  hairy,  3 — l-4eeded.  Q)ec.  Prod.)  A  prostrate  shrub.  Burgundy, 
and  the  Alps  of  Jura,  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1775.  Flowers  jeltow ; 
May  and  June.     Lt^ne  brown;  ripe  in  August. 

Jt  30.  G.  PI 

UtMMcaHim.     Wilib 

Enirm/iip-    BoC.  Ktf..  L  I1S«.(  *iid  our  j^.  S 

^lec.  Char.,  ^e.  Branches  procumbent, 
round,  striated,  rather  downy.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  acute,  and,  as  well  as  the 
calyxes,  downy  beneath.  Flowers  pe- 
dicellate, axillary,  in  threes.  Corolla 
glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  procumbent 
shrub.   Hungary  and  Moravia.   Height 

I  ft.     Introduced  in  1816.    Flowers  — 

yellow  j  June  to  August.    Legume  brown  ;  ripe  ia  September. 
Host  likely  only  a  vBrietj  of  the  preceding  species. 

.»  31.  G.  PiLo'sA  Lm.      The  hairy  Oenista. 

Mrat^aUn' ^'Um^f.X6.\  Smith ■■  Eng.Fl., J      —     - 

\  GonlilJililH 

1  Hmjiie  MUU.,  t 

^pec.  Char.,  ^e.   Stems  procumbent,  striated,  branched,  luberculated.   Lesvea 
obovate-IanceolHte,  obtuse,  folded,  end  having  beneath  a  close-pressed  silky 


XXV.    L£OUHlNACE£:    CV  TISU8. 


down.  Plowei  ■  Bxilhrv,  on  ihoit  pedicels. 
Calyx  uid  pedkeU  silky.  L^umes  pu- 
besccDt,  and  3 — l-seeded.  (Dee.  Prod.) 
A  procumbent  shrub.  South  of  France, 
Switzerland,  Qamtay,  &c.  ;  and  Britun, 
on  dry  elevated  downs  or  heaths,  in 
SuffolL,  Cornwall,  and  North  Wales. 
Height  1  ft.  Flowers  yellow  ;  W»j  and 
June.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  id  Sept. 


OAer  Speciei  of  OenStla. — Q.ipmote,  b  the  Hart.  Soe.  Oarden,  is  a  young 
plant  with  trifoliolate  leaves,  and  the  side  shoots  temuDating  in  spines.  There 
are  various  other  names  in  collections,  and  a  great  many  in  books  ;  but  the 
whole  gaius  is  in  such  a  state  of  confusion,  that  nothing  can  be  determined 
with  certainty  respecting  the  species,  till  they  are  all  coUected  together  and 
cultivated  in  the  same  garden  and  exammed. 


li 


GiNui  VII. 


CY'TISUS  Dec.     Tub  Cttisvs,     Un.  Sytl,  Monadaphia  Decindria. 
MnWetaUnL    D«e.Frod.,l.B.  1U.1  Ddn'iMlU^l.p.lM. 

Irmmrma.    Cftliiu  vKl^ii(tIuiillp.Uia.,LBI.&e.;  CftiM.  A.;Bohlwab«IID,C«-.lC1Uu.If^ 
Iftritaliim.  FnmCrd>«u,ouaflb*Cfcb>da^tbaArrto(thaip«leilu1oi>nta*rla|b«a(iHmdUH». 
Gen  Char.     C^i/f  bilabiate.      Upper  IJp  usually  entire  ;  lower  one  somewhat 
tiideotaie.      Vexillmn  ovate,  large.     Carina  very  obtuse,  including  the  sta- 
mens and  pistils.  Aoinefu  monadelphouB.  i>£unic  compressed,  many-seeded, 
glandlesB.  (Don't  Mil.) 

Leavei  tiifoliotate,  alternate,  stipulate.  Floweri  of  nearly  all  the  species 
yellow. —  Dcciduousorsub-evergreenshrubsof  short  duration,  or  low  trees; 
natives  chiefly  of  the  Middle  and  South  of  Europe. 

All  the  species  have  trifoliolate  leaves,  and  the  flowers  are  for  the  most  part 
yellow.  The  shrubs  have  the  habit  of  Cenlata  or  of  S^rtium,  to  both  which 
geners  thev  are  nearly  allied.  They  are  all  ornamental,  some  of  them  eminently 
so  i  and  those  which  have  their  flowers  in  terminal  racemes  are  decidedly  more 
degant  than  those  which  have  them  in  close  termbal,  or  in  axillary  heads. 
The  wood  of  the  laburnum  is  valuable  in  turnery  and  cabinet-work.  All  the 
spedes  produce  seeds  in  abundance,  by  which  they  are  almost  exclusively 
propagated.  The  spedes  recorded  in  books  are  numerous  i  but,  if  they  were 
all  brought  together,  and  cultivated  in  the  same  garden,  we  queetioii  mudi  if 
a  tithe  of  them  would  be  found  specifically  distinct. 

j  1.  ASmmoideg  Dec 

Br  I  ^irijH.    Frum  tli«  word  sJtsnMH,  >lgii1iy[iw  the  vhlW  ImMr  Hp-WDOdof  tm*;  andippUHl 

to  IhEi  Kcttoi  tmn  tb*  lawen  at  ibi  ipaclH  Mni  lUU. 
Sect.  Char,     Calyx  campanulate.     Pod   1 — l-seeded,  i 
suture.    Flowers   white.      Leaves  very  few.     Brai 
Pn>d.,  n.  p.  153.) 

■   1.  C.  a'lbus  Link.    The  while  Cytisua,  or  Portugal  Brt>om. 
Utidi/lcaliim.  Link  Bbiiri.,9.|i.MI.i  DH.Prad.,a.p.  ID 

I n_...-»,._T_     n.,^   .   .   ™.   .   Spl,ifom| 

It  bUDcba,  n-.i  irtlM*  FtHcmoi,  dtr. 


214  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

^lec.  Ciar.,  ^c.    Bnuichet  terete,  twiggy.     Leavei  iimple, 
and  trifojjolale,  sessile.     Leaflets  linear-oblong,  and  tlSky. 
Flowers  in  loBcicles,  <lispoBed  in  long  racemes.     Legume 
8-seeded,  very  rillous.    (Z>Dn'i  MiU.)     An  upright  shrub; 
evergreen,  from  the  colour  ofits  numerous  stnuKnt  parallel 
young  shooti,     Portugal  and  the  Levant.      HeiEiit  S  ft. 
to  7  ft.     Introduced  in   I75S.     Flowers  white;  May  and 
June.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 
A  very  handsome  shrub,  more  especially  when  covered 
with  its  white  flowers  in  May,  and  when  surrounded  by 
hundreJi  of  bees,  butily  occupied  in  extracting  the  bonn'.  I 
In  good  soil,  it  is  of  very  rapid  growth,  attaining  the  h^^t 
or5  or  6 feet  in  3  or  4  years;  and, in  6  or  Byean,  growing 
as  high  as  15  or  even  SO  feet,  if  in  a  sheltered  situation. 
Placed  by  itself  on  a  lawn,  it  forms  a  singularly  omamentBl 
plant,  even  when  not  in  Sower,  by  ihe  varied  dispositii 
and  tufUn^  of  its  twiggy  thr^-like  branchet.      When 
flower,  it   is  one   of  the   finest  omaniaita  of  the  garden. 
Trwned  to  a  single  stem,  its  effect  is  increased  ;  and,  graf    '    ' 
on  the  laburnum,  a  common  practice  about  Paris,  it  foi 
a  very  remarkable  comhination  of  beauty  and  singularity.   ' 
Plants  are  easily  raised  from  seeds. 

■  C.  a-  S  meamola4  has  flesh-coloured  flowen,  or  flowers  very  slightly 
tinced  with  reddish  purple.  This  variety  was  introduced  in  1818; 
and  reproduces  itself^  from  seeds,  but  it  varies  much  ia  tbe  quantity 
of  colour  in  the  Sowers. 

$  ii.  hab&mum  Dec. 

Detiralitii.    Anui»i|i^ladl>]rraar  townwipKkiof  f^fnu. 

Sect,  Char.   Calyx  campanulate.   Pod  many-seeded,  not  dilated  at  the  upper  su- 
ture. Flowers  yellow.   Branches  leafy  and  unarmed.  (i>rc.  PhNf.,iLp.153.) 

*  2.  C.  LjlBv'khum  L.    The  cosaun  Laburnum. 


XXV.  leouminaVbje  :  cy'tisus.        '  215 

UailiflcaHim.    LlD.  Sp.,  IMI.i  I>«,  Prod.,  1.  p.  Ilf. ;  Don'l  MIIU:  S-  f-  IN. 

^H^n,  SfUnTl  Oslden  Chain  ii'«i£>un|jlu»  VbtdKt,  S.iboSt,OI  Arc- Boll,  »■.  i  t«iu1» 

~    ~      '  ■■  ^ap  nun*  of  L'Aqtjourt,  wbkh  U  rlvpD  to  thii  Cm  Ln  DuiphloA  4nd  Sirluerluid,  Li 

t  tut  tm  bivloi  boon  iukI  by  tta«  andoit  OauLi  lo  uuka 
^  Is  Iba  tovaaj  people,  tn  tame  jwti  01  the  1Ue«iu»Ii, 

,r._jnelfielrRreBgIh  udfluUdUdnrliitloK' uDtu'T-    1'lui 

■e of  Fmx E'bWar li •pplM is tbt wsoiLfroDi IbibladuKU ollu beert-vood.  The Oenau 
Mma  il(iilt*i  Been  Tree )  ind  both  It  ud  the  BnglUbudSeatcbiui         '~  ~~       '~ 

■nudetto  tba  ttnglh 

tuptrlifi.    Jica.  Anel.,  1.  tSi. 
laArtK^iiL.  litidll^Tol.  T. ; 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branche*  terete,  whitish.  Leaves  petioUte ;  leaflets  ovatc-4an- 
ceolate,  pubescent  beneath.  Bscemes  pendulous,  simple.  Pedicels  and  ca- 
lyxes clotbed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  Legume  linear,  maoj-seeded, 
clothed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Native  of 
Europe,  on  the  lower  mountaiusor  the  South  ofQerman},  and  of  Switzerland. 
Height  80 ft.  or  upwards.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  yellow;  Msy  and 
June.  Legume  dark  brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked 
young  wood  green. 

T  C.  L.  2  ptndahan  Hort.  has  slender  pendulous  braoches, 

1  C.  L.  3  querdjBhKm  Hort.,  C.  L.  i  inclsum,  has  siiiuated  leaflets,  not 

unlike  the  leaves  of  the  common  oak.    (See  the  plate  of  this  variety 

in  Ari.Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.;  and  our j^.  341.) 


1  C.  L.  4  fits*  ToriegoHi  has  VBriegated  leaves  j  but  it  is  a  plant  of  no 

beauty,  and  rarely  seen  in  collections. 

2  C.  L,  !tfiogram  Hort,  —  Flowers  fragrant.     Wherever  a  number  of 

lahumuma  are  found  in  flower  together,  whether  of  this  or  the  other 
species,  the  scent  of  the  blossoms  will   be  (bund  to  differ  very  con- 
siderably, and  occanionally  one  may  be  found  which  may  be  termed 
fragrant  j  hence  the  oripn  of  this  variety. 
*  3.  C.  (Z..)  ALPi"MO»  Mill.     The  Alpine,  or  Scoteh,  Laburnum. 


ARBOUETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


JUiU.] 


t'pee.  ChaT.,S!i:,  Brandies  glabroua  end  terete.  Leaves  petiolate;  leaflets 
e-lan  ceo  late,  rounded  at  the  base.  Racemes  pendulous.  Pedicels  and 
xes  puberulous.  Legumes  glabrous,  few-seeded,  marginete.  (DoiCt 
MiU.)  A  deciduous  low  tree.  Found  in  Carinihta,  in  tlie  Alps  of  Jura, 
on  Mount  Cenls,  and  on  the  Apennines.  According  to  some,  it  is  also 
found  wild  iu  Scotland  ;  but,  though  it  is  much  cultivated  in  some  partH  of 
Fifeshire  and  Forfarshire,  it  is  fkr  from  being  indigenous  there.  Height 
SO  il.  to  30  h.,  sometimes  mucli  higher  in  a  state  of  cuttiratJon.  It  was 
introduced  into  Brituin  about  the  same  time  as  the  other  species,  viz.  1596  i 
und  WHB,  probahly,  for  a  lon^  time  confounded  with  it;  for  which  reason  we 
shall  treat  of  the  two  species,  or  races,  together.  Flowers  yellow;  Maj 
and  June.     L^ume  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 


._^_  ...  :e  between  C.  Labdraam  and  C.  (£.)  al- 

plnua.  This  is  very  obviuus  in  a  fine  ap^men  of  this  variety  in  the 
arboretum  of  the  Messrs.  Loddiges,  as  shown  in  theplate in  Arb. 
Sr'U.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.  The  pendulous  variety  of  C.  Xahiiroum  b 
a  much  less  robust  plant. 
1  C  (L.)  a.  3  purpiiratccHj  HorU,  C.  L,  purpureum  Hort.,  C.  Adamt 
Polr.,  C.  L.  coccineum  Baum.  Cat.,  the  pui^lc  Laburnum,  the  scarlet 
Laburnum,  is  not  a  hybrid  between  C.  Zfabdnium  and  C.  purpiLreus, 
as  was  at  Eirxt  supposed,  but  a  xport  from  a  bud  of  CytisuB  pur- 
pilreus  ioaertcd  in  (,'.  atplnus,  in  1S25,  by  D.  Adam,  a  nurseryman  at 
Vitrj,  near  Paris.  The  flowers  are  of  a  reddish  purple,  slightly 
tingrd  with  bu^  and  are  produced  in  pendent  spikes,  H  \a.  or  more 
long.  A  lew  years  after  this  sport  was  originated,  it  was  found  that 
it  had  ■  strong  tendency  to  return  to  the  original  kinds  ;  and  that 
Grom  one  bud  or  graft,  branches  were  produced  of  the  true  CJtisus 
purpureus,  of  the  true  XabCimum  (either  the  Alpine  or  the  common. 


XXV.    LEGUMINA^CBL£ :    Cy'TISUS.  217 

according  to  which  of  these  may  have  been  chosen  as  the  stock)  with 
yellow  flowers,  and  of  the  purple  laburnum.  This  was  soon  observed 
both  in  France  and  England.  (See  Gard,  Mag,,  vol.  xii.  p.  225., 
ToL  XV.  p.  122.;  and  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  590.)  It  is  a  veiy  vi- 
gorous, and  somewhat  erect  and  fastigiate,  growing  variety,  having 
Eroduced  shoots  from  6  ft.  to  9  ft.  long  in  one  season  ;  but,  though  it 
as  been  highly  spoken  of  by  some  cultivators,  in  point  of  beauty,  it 
cannot  be  recommended. 
It.  C.  (L.)  a,  ^fragrant  Hort.  —  Blossoms  fragrant.  There  are  plants 
in  the  Hackney  Arboretum. 

Miller  recognised  C.  Zrabumum  and  C,  alplnus  as  species;  but  Linnasus 
did  not.  Whether  they  are  species  or  varieties,  they  are  certainly  very  dis- 
tinct ;  as  much  so,  perhaps,  as  the  (^u^us  i26bur  pedunculatum,  and  Q.  R, 
sessiliflorum,  and  like  these  two  oaks  they  come  true  from  seed.  Both  sorts, 
being  highly  ornamental,  have  been  extensively  propagated  and  cultivated  in 
British  gardens  and  plantations.  There  are  trees  at  Syon  of  C.  alplnus  above 
40  ft.  highj  and  some  at  Alnwick  Castle  with  trunks  3  ft.  in  diameter.  The 
heart-wood  of  the  laburnum  is  of  a  dark  colour;  and,  though  of  rather  a 
coarse  j;rain,  it  is  very  hard  and  durable :  it  will  take  a  polish,  and  may  be 
made  to  resemble  ebony.  A  cubic  foot  weighs  52  lb.  1 1  oz.  in  a  dried  state. 
The  colour  and  grain  of  the  heart^wood  vary  much,  according  to  the  soil,  and 
the  age  of  the  tree.  It  is  darkest  in  the  C  Zabiirnum,  when  grown  on  poor 
calcareous  soil ;  and  lightest  in  the  C  (Xr.)  alplnus,  when  erown  in  deep  rich 
soil :  in  which  last  case  its  colour  is  a  sort  of  J^reenish  black.  It  is  in  much 
demand  among  turners  and  cabinet-makers.  The  ordinary  use  of  the  wood  in 
the  North  of  Scotland,  is  to  form  alternate  staves  with  the  wood  of  the  holly, 
or  the  spindle  tree,  in  making  small  noggins,  or  bickers ;  but  it  is  also  used 
for  the  bowls  of  punch-ladles ;  for  flutes,  and  other  musical  instruments. 
Hares  and  rabbits  being  remarkably  fond  of  the  bark  of  the  laburnum,  it  has 
been  suggested  to  sow  labumum  seeds,  in  order  to  produce  an  undergrowth  in 
plantations  liable  to  be  infested  with  these  animals;  for,  though  the  plants  are 
eaten  to  the  ground  every  winter,  vet  they  will  spring  up  again  the  next  season, 
and  thus  yield  a  regular  supply  of  winters  food  for  these  kinds  of  game.  As 
an  ornamental  tree,  the  labumum  has  few  rivals.  The  shape  of  uie  head  is 
irregular  and  picturesque ;  its  foliage  is  of  a  smooth,  shining,  and  beautiful 
green  ;  and,  wnat  is  a  great  recommendation  to  every  ornamental  plant,  it  is 
not  liable  to  be  preyed  on  by  insects.  Though  the  laburnum  will  grow  in  a 
very  indifferent  soil,  it  requires  a  deep  fertile  sandy  loam  to  attain  a  urge  size. 
In  regard  to  situation,  as  the  tree  puts  out  few  horizontal  roots,  and  has  rather 
a  spreading  head,  when  it  grows  rapidly  it  is  apt  to  be  blown  aside  by  hi^h 
winds  ;  but,  for  the  same  reason,  it  is  less  injurious  to  plants  srowing  near  it, 
than  some  other  ornamental  trees.  For  producing  timber,  it  should  be  placed 
in  masses  in  a  sheltered  situation,  or  in  a  plantation  among  other  trees,  so  as 
to  be  drawn  up  with  a  clear  straight  stem ;  and  when  so  circumstanced,  in 
good  soil,  C.  (Zr.)  alpinus  will  grow  to  the  height  of  from  35  ft.  to  45  ft.  Bk>th 
C.  Xabumum  and  C,  (L.^  alpinus  are  invariably  raised  from  seed,  and  the 
pendulous  and  other  varieties  are  propagated  by  grafting  or  budding  on  either 
of  the  common  sorts.  The  seeds  are  &  to  gather  in  October ;  and  they  may 
be  kept  in  the  pod,  in  a  dry  airy  lof^  till  the  March  following,  when  they 
should  be  sown  in  beds  of  light  poll,  at  about  an  inch  apart  every  way,  and 
covered  about  half  an  inch  or  three  quarters  of  an  inch  thick.  Half  the  plants 
vhich  come  up  will  be  fit  for  transplanting  into  nursery  lines  in  the  November 
following. 

•  4.  C  Welde  VII  Vis.    Welden's  Cytisus. 

JdeMeattan.    VisianI  PI.  Dalm.  Ex.  Bot.  Zeit.t  Jon.  ISSO.,  p.  6«. ;  Don*i  MllL,  2.  p.  166. ;  Hort. 

FL  Austr.,  2.  p.  339. ;  Bot.  Beg.,  1839,  Month.  Reg.,  No.  1«. 
£mgravitig.    Our  >^.  343.  fh>in  a  drawing  kindly  lent  us  by  the  Ute  Baron  Jacquin. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Erect.    Leaves  temate,  petiolate  ;  leaflets  elliptic,  entire,  cu- 


2IO  ARBORETUM    ET    FEUTICETUH   BRITAITNICUM. 

seated  St  the  hue,  andobtuw  at  the  apex,  smooth.  Racemes  tenttinel,  stalked, 
pjramidaU  atrsight;  pedkeU 
boary  and  villous.  CHlyies 
can^nnulate,  S-lobed ;  lobes 
tomentosel  J  ciliated.  Corolla 
^abroua,  but  tbe  carina  is 
clothed  with  silky  villi.  Le- 
gume glabrous,  mucronste 
by  the  style.  (Don'i  Mili.) 
An  erect  woody  shrub,  re- 
sembling a  laburuuQi,  Dai- 
matin,  in  ffooda  on  moun- 
tains. Hdaht  3  ft.  to  3  ft. ; 
6  ft.  to  8  ft.  in  gardens.  In-  i 
troduced  in  1837.     Flowers 


Tbe  racemes  are  erect,  and 
do  not  droop  even  when  in 
fruit.  The  seed*  are  still  more 

1   those  of  the 

■num,   and    tbe 
scent  of  the   Rowers  causes 

headach.     The  milk  of  the  "■  ""^w-dto* 

goats  which  feed  upon  the  flowers.  Baron  Welden  observes,  produces  the  same 
effect,  only  more  severely,  upon  those  who  drink  it. 

■  a.  C.  Ni'oRicANS  L.    Tbe  black  C^-ttsuB. 

Mttnyieaiim.    Ua.  Sp.,  IMl.  I  Dk.  Fnd.,  I.p.  1B3,  i  Soa'i  HIU  , 
EHiwAvi.    I*cq,  Autr.,  t.  are.  1   BoL  Ref .,  t.  SOt.  i  uid  out 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Branches  round,  twiggy.  Leaves 
stalked,  and  clothed  with  closely  pressed  down 
beneatii,  as  well  as  the  branches,  calyxes,  and 
pods;  leaflets  elliptic  Racemes  elongated,  ter- 
minal, erect.  Calyxes  without  bracteas.  {Dec. 
Prod,^  A  handsome  deciduous  shrub.  Piedmont, 
Vallats,  end  Bohemia.  On  hills  end  along  way- 
sides. HdahtSlt.  to  6ft.  Introduced  in  1730. 
Flowers  yellow  j  June  and  July.  Leg;unie  black  ; 
ripe  in  October.  The  whole  plant  turns  blade  i 
wnen  drymg  ;  whence  the  specific  name. 
It  ripens  seed  in  abundance  ;  and  it  may  also  be 

propi^ted  by  grafting  on  C.  laburnum,  thus  form- 

ing  a  handsome  standard.  *"'  ''"™  *'''"" 

■  6.  C.  sbssilifo'lius  L.     The  sessile-leaved  Cy^sus. 

MtMOalbil.    Lin.  Bp.,  tMl.  i  Due.  Prod.,  1.  p.  IAS. ;  Dod'i  HUl..  1  p.  tu. 
fofTwAwf,     LuB.  tll,t.S18.f.  t.;  Bot.HM.,ClU.;  ud  due  ji|>.  NEi  uhI  S«. 

Spec,  char.,  ^,  The  whole  plant  quite  smooth.  Branches  round.  Ploral 
leaves  almost  sessile,  and  leaSets  ovate.  Racemes  terminal,  short,  and  erect  ; 
each  calvs  having  a  S-leafeJ  bractea  under  it.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  shrub,  with 
upright  branches,  and  smooth  shining  leaves.  Native  of  France  and  Pied- 
mont. Heiabt  4  It.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in  1569.  Flowers  yellow ;  May 
and  June.  Legume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 
In  very  general  cultivation  i[|  British  gardens,  generally  aH  a  bush,  but  some- 


% 


ZXT.  leoi;minVce£  :  cy'tibus. 

times  grafted  standard  hi^  on  the 
labumiun;  vhen  it  foriDs  b  very 
fomiBl,  ■ymmetrical,  round-headed, 
^  Bmall  tree,  which,  however,  is 
I  hbhiy  beautiHil  when  in  dower. 
We  have  ^ven  two  figures  of 
thU  species,  both  drawn  to  the 
same  scale,  to  show  how  much  it 
vanes  in  the  maf^ude  and  £en»«l 
sppeHrance  of  its  foliage,  accord- 
ing to  soil  and  situation.  Plants 
grafted  standard  high  are  c< 
in  the  London  n '"— 


7.  C.  TBtFLO^BVS  L'Herit,     The  three-flowered  Cytisua. 

Spec  Ciar.,  ^c.  The  whole  plant  hairy.  Branches 
round.  Leaves  petiolatc ;  letdlets  o¥at&«iIiptic.  Flow- 
ers Biillan,  pedicellate,  terete,  and  somewhat  race- 
mose at  the  tops  of  the  branches.  (Dec.  Prod.'^  A 
straggling  hairy  shrub,  closely  resembling  C.  capititus 
and  C.  hirsiltus.  South  of  France,  ItaW,  Bicilj,  and 
Mauritania.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1640. 
Flowers  yellow;  June  and  July.  Legume  hlacfc ; 
ripe  in  October. 
Frequent  in  gardens,  sometimes  grafted  standard  high  ; 

but  neither  as  a  standard  nor  as  a  dwarf  is  it  of  great  duration.    It  should 

be  planted  in  an  airy  situation. 

■  8.  C.  PATTENS  L.    The  spreading  Cytisns. 

Umliflallim.    Lin.  Sjit  Vtg.  MB.,  Kcordlnf  tD  L'Htrlt.  Stlrp,  IB4. ;  Dm. 

Frod.,  r  p.  IM.  I  Din'dllll.,  I.p.  IH. 
Sfmonfmn.     C.  paadidJniuLAl.  IV.  Supp.  I'V,;  C.gniMAbnt  Drc.Fr«l.l. 

p.  IH.  I    CenItU  lommUlu  Polr.  Sinv.  S.  p.  719. ;  Sp4n]iuii  pttnu  Lin, 

ifH.  MB..  Bri.  Fl.  I.mi.  S.  p.  Bl.,  but  Ml  of  C»i.  i  SptitluBi  snndiUnim 

Am.  n.  Lai.,  3.  V.  m. ;  SunOiimiiul  pilElu  Wcbi  tur  Hitpo*.  U. 
AifrvpAif .    Oniflg.  34S- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  striated  and  pubescent, 

trifoliolate,  petiolate ;  the  upper  ones  simple,  and  < 

as  are  the  leaflets ;   covered  with  closely  pressed 

Flowers  auUary,  usually   in   pairs,  pedicellate,   nodding. 

Pods  very  hairy.  (Dec.  Prod.)    A  spreading  shrub.   Native 

of  PonugaL     Height  4  ft.  to  6  fl.     Introduced  in  175£. 

Flowers  yellow ;  June  and  July.     Legume  dark  brown,  or 

Uack;  ripe  u  October. 

A  very  handsome  shrub,  especially  when  grafted  standard 
high,  not  so  common  in  collections  as  it  ought  to  he.  **■■  w™>f»»i. 

m  9.  C,  ^oFA^Rius  Link.     The  common  Broom. 

UtmMialim.    Link  Binim.,SL.p.  ML;  D«.  Frod,  9.  p.  IM.  \  DoD-i  MUl.,  I.  p.  lU. 
Srtcifma.    Spinlum  icnpicliin  Lin.  Sp.  ms.,  Smii*  Etig.  Bat.  isas, :  c^iiu  iccnJirlii  Lata. 
ma.  l.p.  GO.,  but  ikMor  VlU.i  O.UltUli  Uaack  UrA.  iM.  ;  Gnitl  t  Bikli,  Oni£t  annmUD, 
Ft.  i  cemelne  PfHemni,  Oct. 
Emtra^igt.    (Ed.  Fl.  Du.,  l.sia.;  Snilh  Engl.  But.,!.  IHS.;  ud  our  j^.  M>. 
^wc.  Char.,  ^e.     Branches  angled,  glabrous.     Leaves  petioled,  trifoliolate  ; 
the  uppermost  simple;  these  and  the  leaflets  oblong.     Flowers  axillary,  pe- 
diceled,  solitary.     Legumes  pilose  at  the  margins.  (Dec.  Prod.)    A  ^rub, 
everEreen  from  the  colour  of  ita  numerous  youiw  nhoots.     Native  of  dry 
sao^  or  gravelly  soilB,throughout  Europe.    Hei^t3ft.ta  12ft.  according 


220 


ARBORJSTUM   ET   FRUtlCETUM   BRITAN^ICUM. 


to  the  soil  and  situation.    Flowers  large,  yellow ;  May  and  June.    Lcgiime 
black ;  ripe  in  September.     Naked  young  wood  green. 

Varietiet, 

A  C.  s.  2  6Ibut  Hort  has  the  flowers  white,  or  of  a  very  pale  yellow* 
A  C.  s.  SJiorepleno  Hort.  has  flowers  slightly  double. 

The  roots  are  straight,  and  penetrate  perpendicularly  to  a  great  depth.  The 
leaves  are  trifoliolate  or  simple ;  the  branches  numerous,  long,  straight,  angular, 
dark  green,  smooth,  and  tough.  The  flowers  are  of  a  deep  golden  yellow, 
sometimes  •  tinged  with  orange,  and  occasionall  v  of  a  uniform  pale  lemon 
colour :  they  are  succeeded  by  pods  above  an  inch  long, 
black  when  ripe,  and  each  containing  15  or  16  seeds. 
The  flowers  are  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species 
of  the  genus ;  and,  were  the  plant  not  so  common  in 
a  wild  state,  it  would,  doubtless,  be  considered  the 
most  ornamental.  The  whole  plant  is  exceedingly  tough, 
and  bitter  to  the  taste,  and  nas  a  strong  disagreeable 
smell.  Though  it  is  at  present  comparatively  neglected, 
yet  in  former  times  it  was  one  of  venr  great  importance 
m  rural  and  domestic  economy.  The  branches  are  eaten 
by  sheep  and  cattle  ;  and,  on  poor  gravelly  soils,  formed, 
"before  the  eeneral  improvement  of  grass  lands  which 
has  taken  place  within  the  last  century,  the  principal 
herba^.  One  of  the  principal  modern  uses  of  the  broom, 
both  m  Britain  and  on  the  Continent,  is  to  form 
brooms,  or  besoms;  for  which  purpose,  as  the  specific 
name  would  imply,  it  appears  to  have  been  useci  from 
time  immemorial.  The  young  shoots  were  formerly 
used  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  brewing  beer ;  and  the 
flower-buds,  just  before  they  become  yellow,  were  pickled 
in  the  manner  of  capers.  The  tops  and  leaves  are  purgative  and  diuretic. 
In  the  North  of  Scotland,  a  decoction  of  the  recent  snoots  is  used  by  shep- 
herds, for  dressing  the  backs  of  sheep,  instead  of  tobacco  wat^.  The  broom 
produces  abundance  of  seeds,  whicn,  according  to  M.  Hartig,  retain  their 
germinating  quality  for  a  very  long  time :  some  that  he  kept  25  years,  in  a 
room  which  was  occupied,  having  come  up  as  readily  as  new  seed. 


Cytkut  Mopkriofc 


§  iii.    Calycotome  Link. 

jyerhaUon.  From  ka^x^  ftcalyx»  uui  tomit  a  catting ;  in  reference  to  the  celyx,  the  upper  part  of 
which,  after  some  time,  (alli  off,  in  luch  a  manner  aa  to  give  the  remainder  the  ^»pearance  of  being 
cut  round. 

Sect,  Char,  Calyx  campanulate,  somewhat  bilabiate,  at  lenp;th  becoming  trun- 
cate. Pod  thickened  on  the  upper  suture.  Shrubs  with  spiny  branches 
and  yellow  flowers.  {Dec,  Prod,) 

A  10.  C,  spiNO^sus  Lam,    The  spiny  Cytisus. 

IdemtifleoHon,    Lam.  Diet,  2.  p.  247. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  154. ;  Don*i  MQL,  2.  p.  165. ;  Webb  Iter 

Hitpan.,  61. 
Sumniifme.    fpCrtium  spinbeum  Liu,  Sp,  997. 
engravingt.    J.  Baoh.  Hitti  1.  p.  S.  p.  176.,  icon. ;  LoU  Icon.,  2.  t.  96. ;  and  our>lSg.  860, 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Branches  angled,  spiny.  Leaves  trifoliolate  ; 
leaflets  obovate-oblong.  Legumes  perfectly  smooth.  {Dec, 
Prod,)  An  upright  spiny  shrub.  U^on  hills  and  rough  places 
from  Perpignan  to  Genoa,  in  Corsica,  and  in  the  Algerine 
country.  Height  2  ft,  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June  and  July.    Legume  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

There  are  plants  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden.  350,  c.  ■pimmi. 


XXV,    LEOUHINA'cEf:    CY'tISUS. 

11.  C.  tribkaotbola'tus  Webb.    The  cbree-bracted  Cydsiu. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c,  Decnmbent.  Branches  telra^nal, 
divaricate,  rigid,  obtuw.  Leaves  trifoholate, 
Terticillately  sub-opposite;  leaflets  ovate-elliptic, 
slishlly  obtuse  at  the  apex,  refuse,  with  ash- 
coToured  silky  down,  petiolulate.  Comnion  petiole 
none,  or  cohering  witD  the  branch.  Flowers  axil- 
lary, clustered,  pedunculate.  Cain  bilabiate, 
bairy;  upper  lip  cut  to  the  middle  in  narrow 
acute  segments ;  lower  lip  louger,  narrow,  3- 
tootbed ;  middle  tooth  longest,  supported  at  the 
base  by  three  ovat«  closely  pressed  bracts. 
(Wfbb,O^IStp.')  A  decumbent  shrub,  evcr- 
sreen  Iromthe  colour  of  its  bark.    Spain  near  Medi 

"■'■■"      D  3  ft.     Introduced 

A  IS.  C,  LAHt'QBRUa  Dec.     The  wool-bearing  Cydsns. 

I'l  Mill..  3.  tl  lU.  I  W«Ul  Il« 

u  knlnmni  Daf.  Fl.  Ail  %_p.  Its. :    CalnCtmn 
I. ;  ^TtlmB  TiuSiam  Bnl.  n.  Ltu.  1.  p.  M,  Bid 

S^|mA^'  'c£^  ***■  ""^  >  ipMbUD  Id  tfaa  Bridih  HuKOU. 

^)ec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Branches  furrowed,  spiny.  Leaves  tri- 
fbUobte;  leaflets  obovate-elliptics].  Legumes  ver}- hairy 
■D  a  woolly  manner.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  sjiiny  shrub. 
Found  wild  on  hilts  and  in  roo^  places  in  Cornea, 
Crete,  the  Archipelago,  Mauritania,  Gibraltar,  and  Por> 
tUipiL  He^t  8  ft.  to  10  A:.  Introduced  in  I8S1. 
Flowert  ydlow  i  June  and  July.  Legume  dark  brown, 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

■  C.L2  rigidiuOec.  —  Spines  very  strong. 
Not  common  in  collections,  and  m  all  probalnlity  it  is 
Dotfaii^  more  than  a  varied  of  the  preceding  ^lecies.  „,.  c.  imitm. 

$iv.    Tubtx^ttMiu 'Dec 

DtrtttUm.    Fromli>>w,iiute,uid(|rMiw;  lD»fsrBe*Mtb>tBbiiluikipgor  tfatnlri- 
&ef.  Char.     Calyx  tubular,  with  the  apex  toothed-lipped.     Thomles«  shrubs. 
{DecPrmL,  n.p.  156.) 


M  13.  C.  t.BUCA'NTBUs  WoldMt.  cl  Sit.    The  white-flowered 
Cytisns. 

HnKHMMM.    WiMiL  It  KIL,  1  p.  111.  I  Dk.  Tnd.,  1.  p,  lu ;  DoD'i  MUl., 
Bl^r^r^l.    Bat.>ll«..t.ia8.;  udour^.US. 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  erect.  Branches  round,  and,  as  well 
as  the  leaves,  clothed  with  closely  pressed  pubescence.  Leaf- 
lets dliptic  and  Hzute.  Flowers  at  the  points  of  the  branches ; 
heads  of  flowers  bracteated  by  two  leaves.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
dowDT  shrub.  Croatia,  in  woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft, 
Introduced  in  1S0S.  Flowers  yellowish  white  ;  June  and 
July.     Legume  black  j  ripe  in  October.  " 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETVH    BftlTANNICUH. 


B,  FToiiKTi  puTjile, 
k  14.  C.  pdrpu'reus  Scop.     The  purple^fowcrrJ  CTtiau, 

flabrous.     Leafleta  oblong.     Fbwen  aiillarj,  solitary,  aa 
Don'i  miL)     A  procumbent  slirub.    Native  of  Camiola  in 
Hdght    1  ft.      Introduced  in    179S.     Flowers  purple; 
May  to  August.     LegumE  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

■*  C.p.S  fiore  di6o  HoTt.  has  the  flowers  of  a  pure 

white. 
■*  C  p.  SJlbre  riim. — Flowers  rose-coloured.   Plants 
in  the  Horticoltural  Society's  Oarden. 

Of  all  the  different  species  of  Cf- 
daus,  when  mfted   on  the  laburnum 

(standard    hi^,    this    fbmu   the   moat 
graceful  tree  ;  and  a  plant  of  it  covered 
with   its    purple   flowers,   placed   on  a 
hwn,  or  in  a  border  near  a  standard  of 
,   Genista     triquetra,    covered    with     its 
golden  yellow  flowers,  will   produce   a 
wery  striking  effect.    The  sin^lar  hybrid 
____      or  sport  fonned  between  this  plant  and  the  laburnum  has 
xrt.  i.FHruHi      1^^^^  already  described, p.  8I<J. 

C.  Fioweri  yeHow. 

ji  15.  C.  BLONOA<Tua  WaidtL  et  Kit.    The 
elongated  Cytisus. 

UntVllatitii.    WaUit.at  Kit.  Hims.  l.|i.30a.  t.lBt.(  D«. 

Prod.,  9.  p.  lU.;   l}oa'lllllL,l.|LlU. 
£ivrni^i.    Wilditit  Kit.lluiig.,L  ISS.i  wdcmiA.HS. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Stems  erect.     Branches  don- 
gated  and  round ;  youns  ones  hairy.     Leaflets 

obovate,  clothed  4>eneaHi  with  closely  pressed 

baira.  Flowers  lateral,  usually  in  fours,  on  short 

pedicels.  Calyxes  hairy.  (Dfc.  Prod.)  An  erect 

pubescent  shnib.   Native  of  Hungary,  in  woods. 

Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1804^  Flower* 

yellow  ;  Hay  and  June.    Legume  dark  brown, 

or  black ;  npe  in  September. 

In  H.  8.  Garden,  and  at  Meaara,  Loddiges's. 

Ji  16.  C.  1 


C.  BlonHtui  HemU.,  but  DM  of  KJL  j  C  sliinsktui 
■  muioiwnil  Da.  Prod.  t.  p.  IH. 
Bntntrfivt.    UniU.  BoCBii,!.  1191.)  udoiiTj^.UT. 
£^>ec.  Char.,  S/c.     Stems  erect.    Branches  elcHi- 
gated,  terete,  ytxmger  ones  villous.      Leaflets 
oblong,  tapering  to  the  base,  villous  beneath, 
and   of  the  same  colour  on    both    surftcea.        •**  ftu-u*««j(«. 
Flowers  uaiwlly  teraarr.     Pedicek  about  equal  in   length   to  the  petioles. 


XXV.  leouuina^ce^g:  cy'tisus.  223 

VerillutDemsreinate,  undulateJ.  {Don't  Mill.')   A  dowD;  ihrub.    Native  or 
Europe.    Hei^t  S  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  in  1800.    Fbwera  >el]ow ;  May 
and  June.     L^ume  block ;  ripe  in  September. 
It  appears  to  us  to  be  onlj  a  variety  or  the  preceding  apecies. 


17.  C.  falcaVus  Walda.  el  Kit.     tite  AM^Me-podded  Cytisui. 

ibLat  Kit.  tIaDi,,a.BMt.;  Dst  nwL,  1  p.  lift. ;  Doa't  WU., »  p.  1M.|Li 
.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  Ido.  1  WildM.MKIt.Huii|.,).  LOS.;  udour  j%.iM. 


^>ec.  Char.,  ^.  Sterna  declinate  Brancbee  round  and  twiMy ;  the  young 
ones,  as  well  as  Ibe  leaves,  clothed  with  closely  pressed  hairvdowu.  Petioles 

S.     Flowers  usually  in  threes,  lateral,  and  on  ihmt  peduncles.   Calyxes 
ed  with  closely  pressed  hairs.  (Dec.  End.')     A  downy  shrub.     Native 
of  Croatia,  the  South  of  Russia,  and  Oallicia.  Hdght  2  ft.  to  4  ft.    Introd. 
IB16.     Flowers  yellow ;  June  to  August.  L^ume  black;  ripe  in  October. 
Varvtiei.     C.  trifl6rus   Lod.,  C.  ruth£nicua  Lod.,    C.  decQmbens  Lod.,  are 
apparently  all  varieties  of  this  species. 

■B  le.  C.  AUsTBi^ACUa  L.  The  Austrian  Cytisus. 

UnttifiaiHaiL    Un.  Sf,  IMl  I  0«.  Prod..  1.  p.  IK.  ;  D«'t  IDU,  1.  p.  lU. 

Entrmraia-    XUl.  ieao.,  Ilf,  C  I.;  Pill.  itlQ,,  td.  Oil.. 1. 100.  C  t.:  Jaeo.  AwD..  1. 11, i  udaur 

^>ec.  Char.,  4^.  Stems  upright.  Branches  round  and  twiggy,  and,  as  well  as 
the  leavea,  clothed  with  closely  pressed  atrigose  pubeseence.  Leaflets  lan- 
ceolate, attenuated  at  both  ends.  Flowers  terminal,  soniewliBt  umbellate. 
Calyxes  and  legumes  isther  hairy.  {Dec.  Prod.)  An  upright  downy  shrub. 
Found  in  womls  and  rough  places  in  Austria,  Upper  Itidy,  the  Ukraine, 
and  Siberia.  Height  3  ft.  lo  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1T4I.  Flowers  yellow  i 
July  to  September.     Legume  black ;  ripe  in  November, 


the  (pedes,  and  seems  to  be  an  erect,  and  very  dis- 
tinct variety. 
■*  19.  C.  supi'nus  Jacg.    The  supine  Cytisus. 

MmMtoUn.    Jacq.  FL  Anttr,  l.l.iai  DtcPnd.,K  p,  IM.i  Doa'illUl.,& 

bSinwDK.    C.  UMSUaPtar.  Ad.  TiM.  a.  t.aia. 

ArroAwj.    cm.  taM.,p.  M.,  ND.T.,  tcoo.i  Juq.  F1.  Aiuti.,  I.t.  ao.iud 

^)ec.  dor.,  ^c.     Stems  branched  and  decumbent.  Branches 
round,  and,  when  young,  rather  hury ;  adult  ooea  smooth.     ^^ 
Leaflets   obovate,  hairy   beneath.     Flowers  8 — 4,  usually    ■«■. 
terminal  and  pedunculate.  Calyxes  and  pods  slightly  hairy. 


224  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

(Dec,  Prod.)  A  decumbent  hairy  shrub.  Native  of  Belgium,  Austria, 
Pannonia,  Siberia,  Turkey,  and  Dauphin^  both  on  exposed  hills,  and  in 
sheltered  bushy  places.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1755.  Flowers  pale 
yellow,  with  the  standard  reddish ;  May  to  August.  Legume  dark  brown, 
or  black ;  ripe  in  November. 

Jt  20,  C.  HiRsu^us  L.     The  hairy  Cytisus. 

Idtntificaikm.    Lin.  Sp.,  1042. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  166.  \  Don**  M!!!..  8.  p.  166. 

Svnonymes.    C.  suplnus  Bertot.  PI.  Gen.,  but  not  of  Lin. ;  C.  trifl6rus  Lmu.  Dtd.  8.  p.  26a,  but 

not  of  L*H6rit.i  C.  TourneforUVimM  Loi«el.  in  N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  p.  167. 
Engraving.    Ontftg.      .  in  p. 

Spec.  ChaT,y8fc.  Stems  decumbent  Branches  round  and  twiggy;  when  voune 
hairy,  but  smooth  when  old.  Leaflets  ovate,  hairy  beneathT  Flowers  lateral 
on  y^"^  short  pedicels,  aggregate.  Calyxes  and  pods  hairy.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
decumbent  hoary  shrub.  Found  in  rugged  places  from  Genoa  to  Hungary. 
Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  yellow ;  June  to  August,  Le- 
gume black  ;  ripe  in  October.  Closely  resembling  the  C.  capitatus,  and 
C.  trifl6rus  of  Loddiges*8  arboretum. 


j»  21.  C.  capita'tus  Jacq,    The  headed;fioipered  Cytisus. 

Identification.    Jaoq.  Fl.  Auttr..  t.  83. ;  Dec.  Prod.  2l  p.  156. ;  Don's  HilL,  2l  p.  156. 
Sunonifmet.    C.  liirtCltut  Lam.  Diet  2.  p.  260. ;  C.  suotnuB  Lin.  Sp.  1040. 
Engravings.    Lodd.  Bet  Cab.,  t.  497. ;  and  our>^.  361. 

Spec.  Char,,  4rc.  Stems  and  branches  erect,  the  latter  hispid. 
Leaflets  ovate-elliptic,  hairy.  Flowers  numerous,  and 
forming  heads  at  the  points  of  the  branches  ;  but  some- 
times lateral  in  the  autumn.  Calyxes  and  pods  covered 
with  short  hairs.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  upright  hoary  shrub. 
Found  wild  on  tne  edges  of  woods  in  Buigund^,  Italy, 
and  Austria.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1774. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  June  and  July.  Legume  dark  brown,  S6i.  c  Mftutiu. 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties  or  Synonymes.  Cytisus  austriacus  Lod.,  €,  can^scens  FUch.  of  Got., 
C.  ural^nsis  Lod,,  C*  calycinus  Lod.,  C.  parvif^lius  Lod.^  C.  hirsiitus 
Lod.,  C.  suplnus  Lod.,  appear  to  be  all  varieties  of  C*  capitatus,  or  in 
some  cases,  perhaps,  identical  with  that  species. 

.*  22.  C.  ciliaVus  Wahlenb,    The  dlisited'^podded  Cytisus. 

IdeniifieaHon.    Wahlenb.  Fl.  Carp.,  219. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  156. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  2.  p.  156. 
Engraving.    OnrJIg.      .  in  Jig.      . 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stems  upright.  Branches  smooth  when  old,  but  when  young 
hispid.  Leaflets  obovate,  clothed  beneath  with  closely  pressed  hairs,  Flowers 
approximate  in  threes,  at  len^h  lateral.  Pods  glabrous  and  ciliated.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  A  hispid  shrub.  Native  of  the  Carpathian  Mountains.  Hekht 
2ft.  to  4 ft.  Introduced  in  1817.  Flowers  yellow;  June  and  July.  Le- 
gume black  ;  ripe  in  October.  « 

M  23.  C  polt'trighus  Bieh.    The  many-haired  Cytisus. 

Ideniifioaaan.    Bleb.  Fl.  Taor.  Sappl.,  477. ;  Dee.  Prod,  2.  p.  156. ;  Don't  Mill.,  9.  p.  156. 
Engraving.    Out  fig.       .  In  p.      « 

Spec,  Ckar,^  S^c.  Stems  declinate.  Branches  hispid.  Leaflets  obovate^Uip- 
tic.  Flowers  lateral,  usually  in  pairs,  pedicellate.  Calyxes  and  pods  hairy. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  recumbent  shrub.  Found  in  pine  forests,  on  high  moun> 
tains,  in  Tauria.  Height  2  ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  yellow; 
June  and  July.  L^ume  black ;  ripe  m  October.  DeCandoUe  observes  of 
it,  that  it  has  the  hairiness  of  C.  capitatus,  the  disposition  of  the  flowers  of 
C  hirsiitus,  and  the  habit  of  C.  supinus. 


XXT.    LEaUHINA\:E,G :    CY'TISUS. 


i%ie«.  dor.,  4rc.  Tube  of  the  calyx  short,  obconical ;  the  upper  tip  8-parted. 
the  lower  3-tootlied.  Corolla  hardly  longer  than  the  calvx.  Muiy-Uemmed 
decumbent  ihniba,  deciduous,  with  few  flower*,  generally  capitate  and  ter< 
D^oal,  aod  aU  yeUow.  (Dec.  Prod.) 


■^  84.  C.  akoe'ntevs  L.    The  aiUery  Cytitut. 

Lla.3p..ll)a.i  Dm.  t'n>d..».^  IM.;  Don't  UUL,  *.  p.  IM. 
•  Mudoqr/r.ML 


Spec.  Char., lie.  Stems  decumbent.  Leaves, calyies,  corolhui, 
and  pods  clothed  with  a  closely  pressed  silky  down.  Leare« 
petiolate,  trifoliolate  ;  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate.  Flowers 
3—4,  produced  at  the  points  of  the  shoots.  {liec.  Prod.) 
A  deounbent  shrub.  Native  of  Camiola,  the  South  of 
France,  and  Mauritania.  Height  1  t^.  Introduced  in  1739. 
Flowera  ydlow;  Aogust,  Legume  black;  ripe  in  October. 
A.  nlky  silvery- looking  shrub,  from  the  prevalence  of  closely 

pressed  mlky  down  over  all  its  parts  j  noticed  in  the  specific  character,  and 

whence  it  derives  its  spedfic  name. 

J.  85.  C.  ciltci'nub  Bieb.     The  Awge-calyxed  CjtJBus. 
/AitfA^tat.    Btab.  n.  Tub.,  1.  p.  IW. ;  Dk.  FnxL,  £  p.  in.  i  Ddd'i 

^■uiJmj.  'C-pueUttnu  miM.  AlS.  p.  IIW. 

fivr»«WK    Lcidd.Bc>I.C^,t.«»a.;iDd«u'A.  Mt. 

Spec.  Char.,  ie.  Stems  ascending.  Leaves,  calyxes,  and  . 
poda  somewhat  hairy  from  ^reading  down.  Leaves 
trifoliolate  and  petiolate.  Leaflets  roundish,  obovate. 
Flowers  terminsl,  from  S  to  B  together.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  prostrate  shrub,  irith  trailing  branches,  the  ends  of 
which  grow  npright.  Found  in  stony  places  on  Mount 
Caucasus.  Hd^t  1  ft.  Introduced  ui  1B20.  Flowera 
yellow  i  August    L^ume  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

.a  86.  C,  NA'vVB  Willd.    The  dwarf  Cytisus. 

E^rmliitt.    Wia.Dmi.^a..iu.i*iiii<mjit.Ki.' 

Spec.  Qtar.,  I^c.  Stems  cyliodrical.  Leaves  trifo- 
liolate, obovate,  clothed  with  atrigose pubescence 
beneath,  and  smooth  above.  Raceme  terminal, 
sectmd,  usually  4-flowered.  Calyx  deeply  3- 
parted ;  hairs  on  the  stems  and  peduncles  ad- 

K eased.   (Don't  Mill.)     A  procumbent  shrub, 
alive  of  the  Levant.    Height  1  ft.     Introd.  in 
1B16.    Flowera  yellow  j  June  and  July.     Le- 
gume black ;  ripe  in  October, 
litis  is  a  beautifiil  httle  shrub  for  rockwoHc  i 
and  if  planted  in   dry  sandy  soil,  covered  with 
brood  fist  stones  to  retun  the  moisture  during 
the  hot  weather  of  July,  it  will  continue  flowerii^ 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTtCfiTUM    BRITANNICL'M. 

j  vi.  Cknmdnthiu  Dec. 

ynm  etroKM.  ■  r«r.  ud  amtkot,  i  Oover  j  ^ipUal  la  UiU  lecdon  becauH  Uk  peuk 
ichwl  lolht  uljxn  all  lbs  ymr. 
Seel,  Char.     Calyx  with  the  upper  lip  bifid,  and  the  lower  one  trifid  ;  lobes 
acute,  of  the  same  length  aa  the  tube.     Petals  permanent.     Legume  oral, 
much  compretsed,  2-seedeJ,  (flrc.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  157.) 

ji  87,  C.  ottiENTi'Lis  i™.     The  Oriental  CjtiauB. 

UntOcalbnt.    Loll.  In  N.  Du  tUm..  S.  p.  IH.  i  Sdd'i  MUI.,1  p.  197. 

^■n^KU.     C.ar\BaUii,ic.,acTardtitA  ValL  Hrrb. 

Atr'ttnfi.    FluJi.  Flirt.,t.  31.  (,3.1  laa  oar  Jig.  net. 

Spee.  Char.,  4^c.  Stemi  erect,  hairy.  LeBTes  almost  sessile, 
trifoUolate,  hairy;  leafleta  linear,  acute.  Flowers  large  and 
yellow,  aubtcrminal,  on  short  pedicels,  and  few.  The  nowen 
and  poda  are  both  glabrous.  Calyx  hairy,  more  5.«Ieft  than 
Inlabiate.  (Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  157.)  An  erect  hairy  ahrub. 
Native  of  the  Levant.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
18  IS.  Flowers  yellow,  large  and  persistent;  June  and  July. 
Legume  black;  ripe  in  October.  >u..c. subuii. 

Other  Spedei  of  C^ai. — This  genus,  in  British  gardens,  is  in  such  a  stateof 
confiuion,  that  nothing  can  be  done  in  it  satisfactorily  till  all  the  kinds  are 
collected  together,  and  cultivated  for  two  or  three  years  till  they  show  their 
flowem  and  fruit.  Perhaps  two  thirds  of  the  alleged  species  in  the  London 
gardens  are  only  varietiea.     In  the  mean  time,  all  that  a  cultivator  can  do  is  to 

Krocure  as  many  kinds  as  he  can ;  and  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges 
e  will  find  the  greater  number  of  those  above  described,  though  some  of  them 
have  been  killed  by  the  winter  of  1837-8.    Among  the  species  probably  hardy, 
by  lar  the  handsomest  in  point  of  foliage  ia  the  C.  aSlicut  Ouss.  (Bot.  Reg. 
l190:j.,  andourj^.  366.) 
It    is   a   taU,   very   hoary 
shrub.  A  native  of  Strom- 
[   boli.    Height  5  ft.  to  8  a. 
^  Introd.  h)  1835.    Flowers 
^  pubescent,    yellow,    cnm- 

(lanulate,   end  the   young 
egumes  glabrous.     It  has 
k  the  appearance,  Dr,  Lind- 

ley  observes,  of  bang  an 

intermediate    species    be-  ._ 

tween  C.  Z^Bb^rnum    and 

C.triildrue.  (SeeArb.Br., 

1st  ed.,  p.  85S1.)      C.  ra- 
m  cemettu  Mamoch    (Flor. 

, ^gg__  vol.  ii.  t.  18.;  and  ou 

some  shrub,  of  moderately  robust  habit;  a  native  of  the  . 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1B35.  The  Sowers  are  terminal,  in  a 
■pike  about  6  in.  in  length,  and  of  a  bright  yellow.  There  were  plants  in  the 
Epsom  Nursery  in  1838.  Manj  other  soecies  of  l^tisu*  ere  described  by 
authors,  for  which  we  refer  to  Don's  MiUer,  Wdib's  Iter  Hitpataerue,  Bois- 
sier'a  Elenehiu  Plaatarum,  Duby  and  DeCandolle's  Bolamam  GaiUcum,  and 
the  first  edition  of  this  Arboretum.  Many  genera  of  ligneous  plants  require  to 
be  cultivated  t(»ether,  in  the  same  garden,  in  order  to  settle  their  nomen- 
ckture:  hut  whUe  some  of  these,  as  Qu^rcus,  /"Inus,  &c.,  would  consume  the 
greater  part  of  a  lifetime  in  procuring  them  from  the  diSbrent  quarters  of  the 
world,  and  wdting  ull  they  came  into  flower,  the  genera  Genista,  Cytisus, 
and  Adeiioc&rpus  are  almost  exclusively  European,  SaA  might  be  collected  in 
tbc  course  of  one  year  \  while,  in  three  years  after  the  seeds  were  sown,  the 
plants  would  in  most  cases  come  into  flower.  It  is  surprising,  therefore,  that 
soroe  amateur  of  lebure  does  not  undertake  their  arrangement. 


\,l 


XXV.  leoumina\:k£  ;  ademoca'rpus. 


1^ 


Iak.  Sytl,  Monsd^lphik 
1.  p.  IBS. ;  Ddo^  urn..  3.  iL  m. 


Geii.  Char.  Calt/x  obconicat,  usually  bewt  with  gUndi,  bilabiate ;  upper  lip  bi- 
paitite,  lower  one  longer  and  trifid.  Carina  obtuse,  enclosing  the  stamens  and 
pistils.  Sbrmem  monadelpbous-  Legume  oblong  comprened.  (Dcn'i  Miff.) 
Leaoet  compound,  triioliolBte,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Floweri 
yellow  in  all  the  species.  —  Shrubs,  straggling,  of  short  duration,  somewhat 
erergreen  froDi  Uie  colour  of  their  young  shoots ;  natives  chiefly  of  Europe. 
Brsnchcs  divergent;   leaves  trifoliolate,  with  petiolar  stipules,  and  folded 

leaflets,  and  usual^  grouped  j  flowers  upoo  bncteolate  pedicels,  and  di^Msed 

in  tenninal  racemes.    Culture  as  in  C^tiBus,  from  which 

geoDS  most  of  the  spedet  have  been  se^iaraied. 


'L'lfhil.  Ot^  iu..  KDb  flan 
K<igrwHmg.    OIIIJK.MB. 
^c,  Ciar,.  +c.      Calyx  g 

tip  with  three  equal  segments,  that  are  iMrelylonger 
than  the  upper  lip.  Branchlets  faair^.  Flowers 
grouped.  Standard  rather  glabrous,  (Dee.  Pr«d.)  A 
nairy  shrub.  Spain  and  Portugal,  in  shady  and  moist 
^es.  He^t  sa.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1816. 
Flowers  ydlow;  June  and  July.  L^ume  dark  brown, 
or  black;  ripe  io  October. 


•  S.  A.  Boissib'b/  Webb.     Boissier's  Adenocarpus. 

Bic*  Tit)*,  Sfait. 


UrtU^taUm.  ^  'Wabb't  Iter  Ul^,  j^ 


Smtrtritfi.    OtlaHlii>iiilca,t.4.;  mdourj^.sas. 

Spec.  Ciar.,  ^c.    Arborescent.    Sark  scaly.    Branches  purplish,  ash-coloured, 

clothed  with  soft  hairy  pubescence,  and  with  nimifrous  leaves,     Petiolaa 

elongate,  terete.      Leaves   with   ad- 

preMed  pubescence.    Leaflets  linear, 

with  rerolute  morons,  somewhat  ol^ 

tuse.     Calyx   villous,   the  lower  hp 

somewhat  'longer   than    the   upper. 

VexiUum  pubescent  at  the  apex  end 

nuddle.     Lt^mes   dongate,  obtuse, 

whitish,  with  purple   glands.      Seed 

greenish  black.  (We66,  Otia  ITupan.) 

A  large  deciduous  shrub.     Spun,  in 

warm   vaLeys   of  the  mountains   of 

Granada,  4500  ft.   to  6000  ft.  above 

the  sea.     Hekht  IS  ft.  to  SO  ft.     ln< 

troduced  ?.    FIowc^  reddish  yellow, 

fragrant  i   June   and   July.     L^ume 

whitish,  covered  with  numerous  pur. 

pie  glands ;  ripe  in  August. 

a  8 


tatennMliM. 


^8  ARBORETUM  ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

A  most  beautiful  species  when  in  flower ;  but,  when  out  of  flower,  of  a  gloomy 
ashy  hue.  The  trunk  is  disfigured  by  the  old  ragged  bark,  whence  the 
vernacular  name.  It  is  truly  astonishing,  Mr.  Webb  observes,  that  this  splendid 
European  plant,  of  almost  arboreous  stature,  with  spikes  of  flowers  sometimes 
a  foot  in  length,  should  so  long  have  escaped  detection.  It  closely  resembles 
A.  hispinicus,  but,  according  to  Mr.  Webb,  it  is  "  very  entirely  distinct.**  Plants 
are,  or  soon  will  be,  in  the  Milford  Nursery. 

A  3.  A.  iNTBRHB^Dius  Dec,    The  intermediate  Adenocarpus. 

Ideni^leation.    Dec.  Prod..  %  p.  I6S. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  2.  p.  158. 
^noi^me,    CftiMoa  complidaui  Srot.  FL  Ltu.  9L  p.  9l 
Sngravingt.    Cliu.  Hltt,  I.  p.  94. 1 1. ;  and  our  Jig.  S70L 

Spec,  Char,y  (fr.  Calyx  pubescent ;  pubescence  glandu- 
lated ;  the  middle  of  the  three  segments  of  the  lower 
lip  of  the  calyx  longer  than  the  side  ones,  and  than  the 
upper  lip.  Branchlets  rather  villose.  Flowers  rather 
distant.  Standard  rather  glabrous.  {Dec,  Prod,)  A 
pubescent  shrub.  Native  of  sunny  gravelly  places  in 
Fortuml  and  Old  Castile,  and  Mount  Sender,  m  Sicily, 
and  of  Mongiana,  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples.  Height 
4  ft.  Year  of  introduction  unknown.  Flowers  yellow  $ 
May  to  July.    Legume  black;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  handsome  species,  and  one  that  is  much  admired 
for  its  fine  terminal  spikes  of  flowers,  which,  in  favour- 
able seasons,  and  in  a  dry  soil,  ripen  abundance  of  seeds.         97a 

A  4.  A.  PARViFoYius  Dec,     The  small-leaved  Adenocarpus 

IdentifieoHom.    Dec.  L£g.  M6m.  6n  and  Prod.  9L  p.  158. ;  Don*i  Mill..  2.  p.  ISa 
Synon^me*.    C^tliui  parrifbUus  N.  Du  Ham,  6.  p.  U7.,  Lam.  Dkt  1  p.  i4a, 
exclutive  of  the  lynonjmet ;  Cf  dtus  dlraricitiu  L'Hirii.  Stirp.  184. ;  C^titOf 
Gomplicktus  Dec  PL  fV.  No.  8821.:  Spirtlum  compliciUum  LoiB.  FL  GaU.  441 
Engrawh^M.    N.  Du  Ham.,  &,  t  47.  L  1. ;  and  our  fj^.  371. 

Spec,  Char.,  8fc,  Calyx  somewhat  pubescent,  with  glandulous 
pubescence ;  the  central  segment  of  the  lower  lip  longer 
than  the  side  segments,  and  much  exceeding  the  upper  lip 
in  length.  Branches  glabrous.  Flowers  distant.  Standard 
pubescent.  {Dec,  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub,  whitish  firom  the 
down  on  its  branches.  Native  of  sunny  heaths  in  the  West 
of  France.  Height  2  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flow- 
ers yellow  ;  May  to  July.     Legume  black ;  ripe  in  October,    sri.  A.JLrTfroiiM. 

M  5,  A.  TELONK^NSis  Dec,    The  Toulon  Adenocarpus. 

Idmtifieatkm.    Dee.  FL  Fr.  Suppl.  54.,  Lte.  Mfoi.  6.,  Prod.  %  p.  158. ;  Don't  IflU.,  %  p.  \fA 
.  Sgnonumet.    Cytlsai  telonfotU  LoU.  PI.  Gall.  446.,  and  in  N.  Dm  Ham.  b.  p.  1(5. ;  SjpirUuiB  eom. 
plicfltum  Gotum  Hort.  Mcm$p.  866L,  excIusiTe  of  the  tTnonyme. 
Bngravingi,    N.  Du  Ham.,  &  1 47.  f.  a. ;  and  our  Jig.  872. 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc,  Calyx  not  glandulose,  pubescent ; 
the  segments  on  the  lower  lip  nearly  equal,  ex- 
ceeding a  little  the  upper  lip  in  length.  Branches 
almost  glabrous.  Flowers  distant.  Standard 
pubescent.  (Dec,  Prod,)  An  erect  shrub.  Na- 
tive of  sterile  places  and  heaths  in  the  Pyrenees, 
in  Cevennes,  in  Provence,  and  in  Rome.  Height 
2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  yel- 
low; June  and  Julv.  Legume  dark  brown,  or 
blade ;  ripe  in  October. 

It  well  deserves  a  place  in  British  gardens; 
where,  when  judiciously  treated,  it  will,  owing  to 
the  moisture  of  our  climate,  attain  double  the 
height  that  it  does  in  the  South  of  France. 


XXV.  leouhika'ceje :  ono'nis. 


□□ 


UNU'NIS  Z.     The  RssTBiRRon'.    Lin.  S^tl.  Honad£lphia  Decindiia. 
IJtiuHltiaim.  Lin.  G«ii.,ti 


Lcginae  iuubIIv  turg^,  aeMile,  few-seeded.  (Z^'i  MUi.) 

Leant*  triroliolate,  Btipulate,  alternate,  deciduous.     F/owert  yellow,  pur- 

E'bh  and  red,  or  nirelf  whit«.  —  Shrubs,  very  low,  sufihiticose  j  natives  of 
urope.  Two  species  are  hardy. 
The  peduncle  is,  in  many  instances,  furDighed  with  an  awn,  which  is  the 
petiole  of  an  abortive  floral  leaf.  The  two  apccimens  here  described  are  well 
adapted  for  rockworlc  or  flower-borders,  on  account  of  their  lively  flowers, 
which  are  red,  or  reddish  purple;  colours  not  frequently  met  with  in  the  lig- 
neous L^umin&ccB,  by  mr  the  greater  part  of  which  have  yellow  Sowers, 
They  are  readily  propagated  by  seeds  or  by  division,  and 
will  grow  in  any  soil  Uat  is  tolerably  dry. 

^  1,  O.  FRUTICO'si 
Mim^tmtiom.  Lin.  Sp.,  1I1K 
sSicaHaf    N.  DuHhd.,  I.  LM.i  NUL  Icon.,  LH-i  Hot.  >U|.,t.  SIT  i 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  trifoliolaCe.  Leaflets  sessile, 
lanceolate,  serrated.  Stipules  connate  into  one,  sheath- 
ing, and  4-BWDed ;  and,  ui  the  uppermost  parts  of  the 
plant,  occupying  the  places  of  leaves  which  are  absent. 
Pedicels  3-tlowered,  disposed  in  a  raceme.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  low  shrub.  Alps  of  Dauphin^,  &c.  Height  1  ft.  to 
4  ft  Introduced  in  1680.  Flowers  purplish  red ; 
May  and  June.  Legume  brown;  ripe  in  September. 
yaritly. 

^  O.  /.  2  tmcrophylla  Dec,  O,  fruticdsa  Aito.  — 
Leaflets  sm^l,  obovate,  and  serrated.  Native  of 
the  mountains  of  Aragon.  „^  atnoaim. 

m  t.  O.  kotundifo'lia  L,     The  round-leaved  Reacbarrow. 

Hwmr^fai..    Un.  9p.  iid.t.j>.T13.,twtnM*d.l.<  D«.Pt«L,  a.  p.  IGl.iBiu-i  inil.,I.a.  Ii 
tfrnaSfma.    O.itaiilU  AuiiSr^.n.,IJii.  Mml.t.  ]].t.  I.(  KMi  nbiaiiaxlm  HkmcIL 
Agririntt.    iKq.  Fl.  Aulr.  App^,  t.U,;  Bot  Ml*.,  1.  *K.  i  *nd  our  j^.  in. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  trifbUolale ;  leaflets  ovate, 
aiul  toothed.  Peduncles  3-Sowered,  and  with- 
out bracteas.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  shrub.  Native 
of  the  Pyrenees,  and  the  Alps.  Height  I  fl.  to 
8  R.  Introduced  in  1570.  Flowers  purplish  red ; 
May  to  Sept.     Lc^me  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

Olier  Kindt  of  Onoiat.  —  O.  trihracUata  Dec.,  a 
suflhiticose  plant  with  pink  flowers,  supposed  to 
be  a  native  of  Caiinthia,  differs  little  from  O.  ro- 
tundHSlia.  Several  other  species  are  hardy,  but 
not  sufficiently  ligneous  for  our  purpose. 


^ 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUU   BBITANNICUM. 


a 


AUO^PHA  Z..    Tub  Amorfba,  or  Bastard  ISDiao.    Lin,  Syit,  Hona- 
d^phia  Decindria. 

AlKii)r>M>.    Bnnifldil  Sie*.  iltm.  Nn.  JIM.  i  Fun  Indigo,  'Pr.  ;  Unform,  Sir. ;  AamrU,  Ital. 
DarttittoH.    Ftqip  4,  prtTAUve.  and  bw^M,  fbm ;  lanftnAca  lolb«iWnin1l7ortbeconilL*,fridu 

tik«  wmE  of  lbs  viDfi  ud  kaelp 
Gen.  Char.     Calyx  5-ti>ottaed,  obconically  campuiulate.    Fexiliiaa  orate,  con- 
cave.   Wing!  and  Keel-vtaning.    Stjfle  filiform,  straight,  glabrous.     Slameru 
eiBerted,  monoddphous  at  the  verj'  base.     Legume  compretBed,  l-celleil, 
1— 2.Beeded.  (Dim'i  Mili.) 

Leavei  compound,  impan-pinnate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  stipules 
deciduous.  Floweri  of  a  blue  violet  colour,  in  apicatc  racemes. 
Shniba,  large,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America.  Leaves  having  nuuijr 
purs  of  leaflets  that  have  transparent  dots  in  their  disks,  and  usually  minute 
stipules  at  their  base.  The  floirers  are  disposed  in  racemes,  usually  grouped 
at  the  tips  of  tlic  branches.  Tie  apecies  are  highly  ornamental  on  account 
of  their  leaves,  and  more  ewecitd'y  of  their  long  spikes  of  flowers ;  vhich, 
thou|^,  when  taken  separately,  they  are  small,  ana  imperfect  in  r^ard  to 
form,  are  ;^et  rich  from  their  number,  and  their  colours  of  purple  or  violet, 
spangled  with  a  golden  yellow.  The  plants  are  not  of  long  duration ;  and  are 
liable  to  be  broken  by  wind ;  for  which  reason  they  ought  always  to  be 
planted  in  a  sheltered  situation.  They  produce  abundance  of  suckers,  from 
which,  and  from  cuttings  of  the  root,  they  are  very  readily  propagated. 

•  t.  A.  PRUTico'sA  Iah.    The  shrubby  Amorpha,  or  Siulard  TH^go. 
MmfttHUm.    T.ln.  Sp..  lOOS.  I  Dae.  Prod.,  1.  p.  US. ;  DoB'tMIU.,  t.  n.SM. 

S#itomfmtr-    Wild  IwllfD,  Aimer- 1  tuu  IpfUfo.  ft.,  btmacluitltw  UcutKin,  Oct.  i  Indaco  baitanlo, 

BarbaiU  Clan. /(<■;, 
Sitgrarntgl.     Sdituhr  Handb.,  t.  lOT.  i  Bat.  Ktf.,  41T.  1  mid  aiu-jfc.  KH. 

^>ec.  Char.,  rjc.  Rather  arborescent,  somewhat 
villose  or  glabrous.  Leaflets  elliptic-oblong, 
the  lowest  distant  from  the  base  of  the 
petiole.  Calyx  somewhat  villose  ;  4  of  its 
teeth  obtuse,  1  acuminate.  The  standard 
glandlesa.  Legume  few-seeded.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
An  erect  glabrous  shrub.  Carolina  and 
Florida,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Ileicht 
9ft.to12fL  Flowers verydarkbluishpurple; 
June  and  July.  Legume  brown  ;  ripe  Oct. 
Naked  young  wood  greyish  brown. 
Farieliei. 

»  A.f.  i  angoMiUa  Pursb  has  the  leaf 

lets  linear-elUptic. 
■  ^./ 3  muigtRofaPursh  has  the  leaflets  a^^i*.r™iio»-.     ^  ' 

notched,  and  the  calyx  hoary.  "^^ 

•  A.  f.  1r  Lewim  Lodd.  Cat.,  18^,  appears  to  hare  rather  larger  flowers 

and  leaves  than  the  species. 

•  A,  f.  i  axTulea  Lodd.  Cat.,  1B30,  has  the  flowers  of  somewhat  a  paler 

blue.     Perhaps  only  a  variation  of  A.  crdceo-lanlta. 

■  2.  A.  (p.)  ola'bba  Daf.   The  glabrous  Amorpha,  or  Bailard  Indigo. 
MtntifleaUiM.   I>«f.  Cat.  Hort  Fv..  IK  i  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  MS. ;  Don't  UU.,  1.  p.  W. 
EKgnatKf.    Oar  jig.  tIA.  from  a  qHciiitB  In  Dr.  Llndlgj')  borbarluB. 

i^tec.  dor,,  4'c.    Rather  arborescent,  glabrous.    Leaflets  elliptic-oblong,  tbc 


XXV.    LEQUHINA^CEX  :    AHO'RPHa.  231 

lowest  dittaot  from  the  base  oF  the  petiole.  Calyx  glabroug,  four  of  its 
teeth  obtuse,  one  acuminate.  Standard  elended  on  tEe  outside.  L^ume 
contunina  few  seeds.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  glabrous  shrub.  North  America. 
Height 3tt.  to  6 ft.  Introduced  in  1810.  Flowers  bluish  purple;  July 
and  August.    Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


M  3.  A.  (r.)  Ni'Ni  yutl.    The  dwarf  Amorpho,  or  Battard  Indigo. 

■K.lgFTH.C>t.,ISI&i  Mot.  GtD.  Amv.,  l.p>I.;D«.nH>d.,lp.iM.|  Qan-i 

Anwa^Hr  A.  mlcrophfUi  Ptmi  R.  ^nvr.  Sm  3.  f.  MS. 
^gmiKgt.    BaL  Mm$.,  111^  {  and  oat  A.  Xn. 

^ec.  Char.,  ^e.  Sljrubb;,  dwarT,  rather  glabrous.  Leaflets  elliptical,  nracro- 
nulate.  Calyx  glabrous,  all  its  teeth  setaceouslv  acuminate.  Legume  1- 
•eeded.  {Dec.  iVmf.)  A  low  glabrous  shrub.  Native  of  herbage-covered 
hills  near  the  Missouri.  Height  1  ft.  to  £  ft.  Introduced  1811.  Flowers 
purple,  firagrant ;  July  and  August.    t<egume  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

■  4.  A.  (p.)  FRA^BANS  SuKel.  The  fragrant  Aniorpha,  or  Batlard  Indigo. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shrubby,  pubescent  Leaves  with  6 — 8  pairs  of  elliptic- 
oblong  mucronate  leaflets,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  yonng  ones  pubescent. 
Calyx  pubescent,  pedicellate;  superior  teeth  obtuse,  lower  one  acute. 
Style  hairy.  (DoiPt  Afili.)  A  pubescent  shrub.  North  America.  Heidit 
7 ft. to  8 ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  dark  purple;  June  and  JiJy. 
L^ume  brown;  ripe  m  September. 

■  5.   A.  (p.)   mo'cEO-LAKA'TA   fToU.      The 
SaffloD-colou  red- woolly  Amorfjia,  or  ta«my 
Sattard  Indigo. 
UoiHIIe^hm.    fraU.  Da)d.BTl<.i  Don'iHDL.  l.p.lS4. 
Knfmtlf.    WlU.  Daad.  BrlL.L  IM. ;  miA  mn  Jig,  ITS. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^e.  Plant  clothed  with  tawny  pu- 
bescence. Racemes  branched.  Leaves  with 
8 — e  pairs  of  oblong-elliptic,  mucronulate, 
downy  leaSets;  the  Supper  teeth  of  calyx; 
orate,  acute,  ^e  S  lower  ones  very  short, ' 
and  rounded.  (Don't  JUili.)  A  pubescent  ' 
shrub.    North  America.     Height  8  ft.  to  5  ft. 

Introd.   ISSO.     Flowers   pur^e  or   purplish  sn-  A-ttjotcniBtM. 

blue ;  July  and  August.  Legulne  dark  brown,  or  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


f23-2 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


J*  6.  A.  (f.)  canb'scbns  Ntttt,   The  canescent  Amorpha,  or  Battard  Indigo. 

Jdent^leatiou.    Nutt.  In  Fraa.  C«t^  1813,  and  Gen.  Amer.,  3.  p.  9S.; 

Purab  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  8.  P-  467. ;  Dec.  Prod.»  a.  p.  266.;  Don*« 

Mill..  2.  p.  2M. 
Svnonpnu.    ?  A.  pubescent  Pursk  S.  p.  467. 
JBngraoing.    Oar  Jig.  380.  Arom  Purth't  tpectanen  in  the  Lambertlan 

herbarium. 

Sprc,  Char,,  4rc,  Suffiruticose,  dwarf,  all  over  wbitely 
tomentose.  Leaflets  ovate-ellipdc,  mucronate,  the 
lowest  near  the  base  of  the  petiole.  Calyx  tomen- 
tose; its  teeth  ovate,  acute,  equal.  Ovary  2- 
ovuled.  Legume  1 -seeded.  (Dec  Prod,)  A  low 
tomentose  shrub  ;  Louisiana,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Missouri  and  the  Mississippi.  Height  3  ft.  In  trod. 
1812.  Flowers  dark  blue ;  July  and  August.  Le- 
gume brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


880.    A.  (f.) 


Genus  XL 


r 


^ 


EYSENHA^RDT/i4  H.  et  B.   The  Eysenhardtia.   Lin.  SytL  Diad^lphia 

Decandria. 

JdentifleaUoH.  H.B.  «t  Kunth  Nor.  Oea.tytV'  489.;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  S57. ;  Dod*i  Mill.,  S.  p.  S3I. 
Sifnomyme.    Dalb^rgia  Spreng.  Sjrct  App.  S63. 

Derivatiom.    Named  In  honour  of  Charles  William  Effienkardit  M.D.,  a  profeMor  hi  tbe  UnirenUj 
of  Klhilgaberg,  in  Prusaia. 

.  Gen,  Char,  Calyx  obconically  campanulate,  5-toothed  ;  upper  teeth  rather 
remote,  lower  one  longest.  PeUUs  5,  disposed  in  a  papilionaceous  manner. 
Vexillum  oblong,  and  the  two  keel  petals  distinct.  Stamens  diadelphous. 
(Don's  MUL) 

Leaves  compound,  impari-pinnate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  beset 
with  glands.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  white.  —  An  unarmed  shrub  or 
low  tree  ;  native  of  Mexico. 

A  1.  E.  AMORPHoi^DEs  H,et  B,  The  Amorpha-likc  Eysenhardtia. 

Tdent/fleaHon.    H.  B.  et  Kunth ;  Dec.  Prod.,  and  Don'i  MIU. ;  Bot.  Reg.  Chron.,  1839.  No.  ib. 
^inonjfwe,    DalMhrgia  amorphjfldet  Spreng. 
Kngravings.    H.  B.  et  Kunth,  6.  t.  69S. ;  and  oar  Jig.  861 . 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  An  unarmed  low  tree  or  shrub,  with 
impari-pinnate  leaves,  composed  of  many  pairs 
of  stipulate  leaflets,  and  these  are,  as  well  as  the 
calyxes,  beset  with  dands.  Racemes  terminal, 
cyhndrical,  flowers  white.  (Don*s  Mill,,  ii.  p.  234.) 
A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Mexico,  on 
mountains.  Height  6  ft.  to  10ft;  in  British  gar- 
dens 4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1837.  Flowers 
white.    Legume  ?. 

This  plant  was  raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
and  ha.s  proved  (juite  hardy.  The  leaves  are  dis- 
tinctly marked  with  glandular  dotting  ;  a  y&y  un- 
usual case  among  leguminous  plants.  The  twigs 
are  short,  and  so  closely  set  upon  the  branches 
as  to  form  a  dense  mass  of  foliage.  Each  is  termi- 
nated by  an  erect  compact  spike,  from  2  in.  to 
3  in.  long,  of  white  or  pale  vellow  flowers, 
which,  although  not  larger  tnan  those  of  a  spirsea,  nevertheless,  from  their 
abundance,  must  produce  a  beautiful  appearance.   (Bot,  Reg, 


S8\.     KyMnh&rdtwi  amarphOtdat. 


XXV.    LEOUMINA^CEiE  :    KOBl'niA.  ^33 

Genus  XIL 


m 


UOBWIA  LiQ.    The  Robinia,  or  Locust  T^eb,     Lin.  Syst.  Diad^lphia 

Dedindria. 


IdfMtifieaihn,    Dec.  M§in.  I^.,  6. ;  Prod.,  9L  p.  261. ;  Don*a  Bflll.,  3.  p.  »7, 

^mom^met.    pModwAcU   T<mm.  Jnit.  t  417.,  Memck  Heik.  145. ;  Robinier,  Fr.\  Roblnie,  < 

jDrrAwiMN.    Named  in  honoar  of  Jean  Rottn^  a  French  botanUt,  once  herbalist  to  Henry  I V.  of 


France,  author  of  HiMtoire  den  Plantes^  ISmo,  Paris,  16*20 ;  printed  with  the  second  edition  of 
LoDicer*s  HMorjf  qf  Plantt,  His  son  Vespasian  was  sub-demonstrator  at  the  Jardln  dos  Plantes 
in  Pturli,  and  was  the  first  person  who  cultirated  the  Robfni^i  Pseud*ilduda  in  Europe. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-toothed,  lanceolate^  2  upper  ones  shorter  and  approxi- 
mate. CoroUa  papilionaceous.  FexUiian  large.  Keel  obtuse.  Stamens  dia- 
delphous,  deciduous.  Ovaries  16— 20-ovumte.  SUy/e  bearded  in  front. 
Legume  compressed,  almost  sessile,  many-seeded,  with  the  valves  thin  and 
flat,  margined  at  the  seminiferous  suture.  (Don*s  MUL) 

Leaves  compound,  unequally  pinnate,  alternate,  deciduous  ;  leaflets 
generally  ovate  or  obovate,  petiolate.  Flowers  white  or  rose-coloured,  in 
axillary  usually  nodding  racemes. — Trees,  deciduous,  natives  of  North  Ame- 
rica, where  one  of  the  species  is  highly  valued  for  its  timber. 

The  species  are  prized,  partly  for  their  use,  but  chiefly  for  their  beauty. 
They  are  roulily  propagated  by  seeds,  large  truncheons  of  the  stem  and 
branches,  cuttings  of  the  roots,  or  by  grafting ;  and  they  will  grow  in  any  soil 
that  is  not  too  wet.  Their  roots  are  creeping,  and  their  branches  very  bnttle : 
they  grow  rapidly,  but  are  generally  not  of  long  duration.  Their  rapid  ^wth 
is  a  property  that  they  have  in  common  with  sdl  trees  and  plants  the  principal 
roots  o\  which  extend  themselves  close  under  the  surface ;  because  there  the 
soil  is  always  richest :  but  the  same  cause  that  produces  this  rapidity  at  first 
occasions  the  tree  to  grow  slowly  afterwards,  unless  the  roots  are  allowed 
ample  space  on  every  side ;  since,  as  they  never  penetrate  deep,  they  soon 
exhaust  all  the  soil  within  their  reach.  They  are,  therefore,  nishly  objec- 
tionable among  ornamental  shrubs,  or  in  flower  borders.  For  wis  reason, 
also,  such  trees  are  objectionable  as  hedgerow  trees,  or  as  scattered  groups  in 
arable  lands  ;  their  roots  proving  a  serious  impediment  to  the  plough,  ana  the 
suckers  thrown  up  by  them  choking  the  com  crops.  Roots,  on  the  other 
hand,  which  penetrate  perpendicularly  as  well  as  horizontally,  belong  to  more 
slowly,  but  more  steadily,  growing  trees,  which  always  attain  a  larger  size  in 
proportion  to  the  extent  of  ground  they  occupy. 

S  1.  R.  PsEV^D-ifcA^ciA  lAn,    The  common  Robinia,  or  False  Acacia. 

Ideniifieatkm,    Lin.  8p..  1043. ;  Pec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  261. ;  Don's  Mill..  2.  p.  237. 

I^fuongma.  iSMhynteiene  Pseudadtcla  Iloxb. ;  Pseudacftcia  odorita  Meendk  Meth,  145. ;  Locust 
Tree,  Amer. ;  the  Bastard  Acacia ;  Roblnier  faux  Acacia,  Acacia  blanc,  Carouge  des  AmMcains, 
Fir. ;  mmelne  Acade,  Schotendom,  Ger. 

Derimattom,  This  tree,  when  first  Introduced,  was  suppoeed  to  be  a  spedes  of  the  Egyptian  acada, 
(ilcieia  rin),  from  its  prickly  branches  and  pinnatea  leares,  which  resembled  those  of  that  tree. 
It  was  named  the  locust  tree  by  the  missionaries,  who  Canded  that  It  was  the  tree  that  supported 
St.  John  In  the  wilderness.  It  Is  not,  howerer,  a  native  of  any  other  part  of  the  world  than  North 
America.  The  name  Caronge  is  the  French  word  for  earob  bean,  the  locust  tree  of  Spain ;  which, 
being  also  a  native  of  Syria,  is,  probably,  the  true  locust  of  the  New  Testament,  The  German 
name  of  Schotendom  is  composed  of  aekote^  a  pod,  or  legume,  and  dom,  a  thorn. 

Mngrawimgt.  Lam.  III.,  t.  666. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  16. ;  the  plate  of  this  spedes  in  Arb.  Brit., 
1st  edit,  vol.  V. ;  and  our  Jig.  382. 

Spec,  Char,^  (f>c.  Prickles  stipular.  Branches  twiggy.  Racemes  of  flowers 
loose  and  pendulous  ;  and  smooth,  as  are  the  l^mes.  Leaflets  ovate. 
The  flowers  are  white  and  sweet^cented  ;  the  roots  creeping,  and  their 
fibres  sometimes  bearine  tubercles.  (^Dec,  Prod,)  A  deciduous  tree,  above 
the  middle  size.  Nortn  America.  Canada  to  Carolina.  Height  70  ft.  to 
80  ft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  white  ;  May  and  June.  Legume 
compressed,  dark  purplish  brown ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying  leaves 
yellow.    Naked  young  wood  purplish  brown. 


t234  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Varieties,  The  plant  Tailing  much  in  its  diflferent  native  localities,  and  also 
having  been  long  cultivated  from  seeds  in  Europe,  the  varieties  are  nume- 
rous. Some  of  those  included  in  the  following  list  appear  in  our  Hortut 
BrUanmcutf  and  in  Don's  Miller,  as  species ;  whue  some  h vbrids,  such  as  R. 
h^brida  and  R.  interm^ia,  might  also  have  been  considered  as  varieties, 
but  we  have  preferred  keeping  them  apart. 

1  R.  P.  2ft^e  luteo  Dumont  6.  p.  140.  has  the  flowers  yellow. 

t  R,P.3  inermis  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.261.y  Dec.  Cat.  Hort.  Monsp.  136. — 
Prickles  wantuis,  or  nearly  obsolete.  Leaflets  flat.  Plant  of  free 
growth,  in  which  respect  it  difiers  from  R.  P.  umbracullfera. 

1  R.  P,  is  crUpa  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  261. — Prickles  wanting.  Leaflets  all, 
or  for  the  most  part,  undulately  curled. 

1^  R.P.  5  wmbracudfera  Dec.  Prod.  iL  p.  261.,  Cat.  HorL  Monsp.  157. 
R.  indrmis  Dum,  Court,  vi.  p.  140.  —  Prickles  wanting.  Branches 
much  crowded,  and  smooth.  Head  orbicular.  Leaflets  ovate.  This 
variety  u  said  to  have  been  raised  from  the  seed  of  R.  Pseikd-ilcacia ; 
and,  according  to  Dumont  de  Courset,  to  have  yellow  flowers.  It 
has  been  common  in  British  gardens  since  1820,  but  has  not  yet 
flowered  in  this  country. 

Y  R,P.6  tortudia  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  261. ;  and  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st 
edit.,  vol.  V. — Branches  mucn  crowded,  and  twisted.  Racemes  simi- 
lar to  those  of  R.  Pseud-ilc^ia,  but  smaller  and  fewer-flowered. 

It  R,P,7  sophors/o&i  Lodd.  Cat.  1830  has  the  leaves  large,  and  some- 
what like  those  of  Sophora  jap6nica. 

^  R.  P.S  anwrpheBfoUa  Lk.  has  leaves  somewhat  like  those  of  Am<5rpha 
frutic6sa. 

¥  22.  P  9  stricta  Lk.  has  the  general  tendency  of  the  shoots  upright ; 
but  still  the  plant  is  not  so  fastigiate  as  the  Lombardy  poplar. 

*  12.  P.  10  procera  Lodd.  Cat  1830. — A  tall  vigorous-growmg  variety. 

t  R,  P,  II  pendula  Ort.  Dec.  p.  26.  —  The  shoots  are  somewhat  droop- 
ing, but  not  very  decidedly  so. 

t  R,P.l2  momirota  Lodd.  Cat.  1830. — The  leaves  are  large,  and  twisted. 

S  R.  P,  13  macrophjflla  Lodd.  Cat.  1830  has  the  leaves  long,  and  the 
leaflets  broad. 

!i  R.  P,  14  microph^Ua  Lodd.  Cat.  1830,  R.  angustiiblia  Hort,,  has  the 
leaves  small,  and  the  leaflets  narrow. 

It  R.  P,  \5  tpecMUis  Dum.  has  large  leaves  and  is  without  prickles :  it 
produces  straight  vigorous  shoots,  which  are  angular  wnen  young. 
It  was  nused  from  seed  by  M.  Descemet,  at  St.  Denis,  and  was 
formerly  known  in  the  French  nurseries  by  the  name  of  Acacia 
aga9ante  (enticing). 

H  R,  P.  16  latisiliqua,  the  broad-podded  locust,  is  mentioned  m  Prince's 
Catalogue  for  1829. 

Most  of  these  varieties  are  tolerably  distinct  in  the  foliage  when  the  plants 
are  young.  Those  best  worth  cultivating,  for  the  shape  of  the  tree,  are  R. 
P.  umbracullfera,  the  parasol  acacia ;  K.  P.  pendula ;  R.  P.  stricta,  the 
upright-growing  sort ;  and  R.  P.  spect&bilis.  With  regard  to  the  yellow- 
flowered  variety,  it  maj  be  worth  continuing  by  grafting  or  suckers ;  but,  to 
make  quite  sure  of  having  white  flowers,  the  trees  producing  them  ought  to  be 
propagated  by  grafting  also ;  as  plants  raised  from  seed,  though  for  the  most 
part  they  have  white  flowers,  yet  occasionally  produce  yellowish  ones. 

The  wood,  which  is  commonly  of  a  greenish  yellow  colour,  marked  with 
brown  veins,  is  hard,  compact,  and  susceptible  of  a  bright  polish :  it  has  a  good 
deal  of  strength,  and  is  very  durable ;  but  it  has  not  much  elasticity,  and  is 
somewhat  liable  to  crack.  A  cubic  foot  of  locust  wood,  newly  cut,  weighs 
63  lb.  3  oz. ;  haJf-dry,  56  lb.  4  oz. ;  and,  when  quite  drv,  only  48  lb.  4  oz.  Its 
value  for  fuel,  when  compared  with  that  of  the  beech,  is  as  12  to  15.  For 
duration  Hartig  places  it  immediately  after  the  oak,  before  the  larch  and  the 


XXV.    LEOUMIHACEf:    ROEVVIjI 


Scotch  [nnc  According  to  Barlow,  the  strength  of  acacia  tiinber,  aa  compared 
with  fiae  English  oek,  it  as  1867  to  I67g  ;  the  strength  of  ash  being  ai  8086; 
beech,  1656;  elm,  1013;  Kiga  fir,  1108  ;  Norway  tpw  (spruce  fir),  \i-7ii 
and  teak.  S46i.  The  treehas  one  property  almost  peculiar  to  it,  that  or  forming 

a  to 

this  species,  and  of  several  <»ri[s  TarietieB,in  the  garifen  of  tfie  Horticultural  So- 
ciety, and  in  the  arboretum  of  McsBri.  Loddiges,  have  attained  the  height  of  30  fl- 
and  upwards,  in  10  years  from  the  lime  they  were  planted.  There  is,  perhapa,  no 
Amencan  tree  respecting  which  so  much  has  been  said  and  done,  in  Europe,  as 
the  locusL  It  was  one  of  the  first  trees  that  we  received  from  America,  and 
it  has  been  more  exteiMively  propagated  than  any  other,  both  in  France  and  Eng- 
land. It  has  been  alternately  extolled  and  neglected  m  both  countries ;  and  even 
at  the  present  time,  though  the  beauty  of  its  foliage  and  flowers  is  gencrslly  ac- 
knowledged, and  though  it  ha.i,  at  different  periods,  been  enthusiasticRlly  praised 
br  diSerent  writers,  for  the  valuable  properties  of  its  wood,  it  cannot  be  con- 
sidered as  holding  a  high  rank  as  a  timber  tree,  or  as  brang  worth  planting  with 
a  vieir  to  profit.  We  pass  over  manv  curious  and  historiral  facts  respecting  the 
tocuM  tree,  for  which  we  refer  to  toe  Ist  edit,  of  this  work,  and  come  to  the 
year  16!3,  when  an  extraordinary  aensadoD  was  excited  in  Britain  respecting 
this  tree  by  Cobbett.  This  writer,  white  in  America,  from  1817  to  1819,  **  was 
convinced  that  nothing  in  the  timber  way  could  be  so  great  a  benefit  as  the 
general  cultivation  of  this  tree."  On  his  return  to  England  he  commenced 
nurseryman,  and  the  name  of  locust,  as  applied  to  this  tree,  bdng,  before 
Cobbett's  time,  almost  forgotten  m  Enghind,  man^  persons,  in  consequence, 
thought  it  was  a  new  tree.  Hence,  while  quantitiea  of  plants  of  Roblniii 
PseOd-^cacia  stood  unasked  for  in  the  nursoiea,  the  locust,  which  every  one 
believed  could  only  be  had.  genuine  from  Mr.  Cobbett,  could  not  be  grown  by 
hira  in  sufficient  quantities  to  supply  the  demand.  After  creating  a  [m>digious 
■ensatioa  for  a  few  years,  the  locust  mania  entirely  lubnded,  and  Uie  tree  is 
now,  as  it  was  before  Cobbett's  time,  planted  only,  or  chiedy,  (br  ornament. 

5  2.  B,  visco'sA  Venl.     The  ciannay-iaried  Robinia. 

UnUf/UaliiM.    VeaL  Hon.  Call.,  I.  4.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  1.  p.  MS.  i  Dm'i  KUL.  t,  p.  SM 
S/fiumrmm.    R.  itudnOH  Si?l.  Mmg.  tea  I  K.  moDllu  Barlrmm  I  Um  Rsat-JlinHriiif  Locotl. 
JBwt«*w.    Vent.  UoR.  Celi.,t.(.i  Bo(.  Hic.,  I.  MO,  u  fi.  (iwlneH<  tbapliiu  of  (Mi  ith  in 

Zrt>.  b3l,  1m  xUt.  Till.  T.  1  ud  our  V  >•& 
i%ee.  Char^   ^c.     Branches  and  legumes  gtaudular  and  clammy.      Bacemea 
cToirded,  erect.     Bracteas  concave,  deciduous,  each  ending  in  a  long  bristle. 


ARBORETUM   ET    FBDTICETUM    BRITTANICUH. 


The  3  lower  teeth  of  the  calyx  acuminated.  Rooti  creeping.  (De«.  Prod,')' 
A  clammy-barked  tree.  South  Caroline  and  Georgia,  near  tiy&v.  Height 
soft,  to  40ft.  Introduced  in  1797.  Flowen  scentteu,  jMle  pink  mixed 
with  white,  varying  to  pale  purple  ix  violet  colour  Hccordine  to  the  «oil; 
June  to  Augu«t.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October.  Naked  young  wood 
purplish  and  clammy. 
The  bark,  particularly  that  of  the  ^oung  ehoota,  which  ia  of  a  dull  red,  ii 

covered  with  a  clammy  lubatance,  which,  when  touched,  Bticka  to  the  fingen. 

In  every  other  respect,  both  in  natural  characten  and  artificial  culture,  this 

tree  strongly  resembles  the  common  R.  Pseild-jfc&cia. 

1  3.  R.  DU'BIA  Foac.     The  doubtful  Rolnnia,  or  Fake  Acacia. 

MtnlObMlom.   Fauc.lDDHr.Jaani.Bst.,4.  p.lM.,lHiliui(arPalr.  I  I>«.PRid.,l.p.  Kl.i  Doat 
Biill,  1,  p.  ma. 

~    bfhMda  Aaiib.f  R-  uablfui  Folr.  Sappl.  i.p.eeo.\  ind,  perbui.  Il.ecbtiiMa 


i^wc.  CXor.,  4'".  Spinel  very  short.  Branches,  petiolea,  peduncles,  and  calyxes 
furnished  with  a  Tew  glands,  rarely  clammy.  Leaflets  ovate.  Racemes  loose 
and  pendulous.  Braeteu  concave,  caducous,  ending  each  in  a  long  bristle. 
(Don'i  Mm.)  A  deciduous  tree,  rather  under  the  middle  size.  Hybrid? 
between  R.  PseLld-^c&cia  and  R.  viscdss.  Originated  in  7  1730.  Flowers 
sweet-scented,  pale  rose-coloured  ;  June  to  August.  Pods  brown,  thickly 
beset  with  short  prickles ;  ripe  in  October. 

1  ■  4.  : 


«oe  hltpida  A 

.  (  B«.  Vlf.,  311.  i  ud  ouiA.  3W- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Spines  wsntine.  Leaflets  obovate. 
Branches  and  l^mes  hispid.  Racemes  loose  ; 
the  3  lower  teeth  of  the  eslyx  acuminated.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  A  shrub,  or  low  tree.  Carolina,  in  pine 
woods.  Height  6  ft.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in 
17SS.  Flowers  large,  dark  rose-coloureJ ;  June 
to  October,  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  October 
and  November.  Naked  youne  wood  purplish 
brown,  thickly  beset  with  prickles. 


'XXV«   LEGUMINA^CEiE  :    CARAGA  NJ.  237 

M  R.h.  2  nana  Dec.  is  a  plant  hardly  a  foot  high,  found  in  pine  woods 
in  Carolina. 

A  i?.  A.  3  Tosea  Pnrsh  has  the  leaflets  for  the  most  part  alternate,  and 
the  branches  smoothish.  In  its  native  habitats,  on  the  high  mountains 
of  Virginia  and  Carolina,  it  grows,  according  to  Pursn,  to  a  con- 
siderable shrub  i  whereas  the  species  is  a  low  straggling  plant. 

M  a,  h,  4  macroph^Ua  Dec.,  R.  onindifldra  Hort,,  figured  in  Arb.  Brit., 
Ist  edit.,  Yol.  ▼.,  has  the  leaflets  laree,  and  ovate-roundish ;  and  the 
branches  and  peduncles  glabrous,  and  without  prickles. 

The  species,  and  the  different  varieties,  are  shrubs  or  low  trees,  with  tor* 
tuous  and  very  brittle  branches,  and  leaves  and  flowers  nearly  twice  the  size 
of  those  of  Roblnia  Pseikd-ildlcia.  They  form  singularly  ornamental  shrubs 
for  rardens ;  but,  as  standards  or  bushes,  they  can  be  onlv  pUmted  with  safety 
in  the  most  sheltered  situadons.  When  grafted  standard  high,  and  trained  to 
a  wire  parasol-like  frame,  supported  on  a  rod  or  post  6  or  8  feet  high,  few 
plants  are  equal  to  R.  b,  macrophyila  in  point  of  brilliant  display. 

^Genus  XIIL 


^ 


LilILJ 


CARAGjtNA  Lam.    Thb  Cabagana,  or  Siberian  Pea  Tree. 

Lin,  Sytt,  Diad^lphia  Dec&ndria. 

Idemt^leatiim,   Lam.  Diet,  1.  p.  611. }  Dec.  Prod.,  9L  pi  S68. ;  DoD*t  Mfll.,  9.  p.  MS. 

Snoivme^    Roblii/0  cp.  JL. 

Derf0atiom.    Cangtm  ti  the  name  of  C.  arborCMeiu  among  the  Mongol  Tartan. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  short,  tubulous,  5-toothed.  CoroUa  obtuse,  straight ;  the 
wings  and  vcxillum  about  equal  in  length.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Sfyle 
glabrous.  Stigma  terminal,  truncate.  Legume  sesrfle^  young  ones  com- 
pressed, at  length  somewhat  cylindrical  and  many-seeded,  mucronate  by  the 
style.    Seeds  somewhat  globose.  (Don*s  Mill,) 

Leaves   compound,    f3>ruptihr  pinnate,   alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous; 
stipules  usually  spinescent.    lowers  mostly  yellow. 

Trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  Siberia  and  of  the  East.  Leaves  with  the  leaflets 
mucronate,  and  the  petioles  either  with  a  bristly  or  a  spiny  point ;  their  flowers 
axillary,  each  on  a  distinct  pedicel,  usually  several  together,  pale  yellow, 
except  in  C,  jubikta,  in  which  they  are  white  tinged  with  red  ;  their  stipules 
usuaUy  become  spines.  They  are  all  ornamental  or  curious,  and  of  the  easiest 
culture  in  any  common  soil ;  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots  or  bv  seeds. 
The  dwarf  and  pendulous-growing  species,  when  grafted  standard  high  on  C, 
arbor^scens,  form  very  singular  trees, 

IE  1.  C  ARBORE^sCENS  Lam,    The  arborescent  Caragana,  or  Siberian 

Pea  Tree. 

IdemUkaUom,    Lam.  Dtct,  1.  p.  61& ;  Dec  Prod.,  9.  p.  268. ;  Don't  MilL,  S.  p.  MS. 

Sifnom^wies.    Bobln&i  Caragi^ma  Lin.  Sp.  1044.,  N.  Dn  Ham.  t.  1. 19.,  Pall.  Fl.  Rost.  1.t.4S. ; 

CaragAna  sIMrlca  Raif :  fanue  Acade  da  Slbfirle,  Robinie  de  SIbirle,  Arbre  aox  Poit  dee  Rutiet, 

Fr.  I  SIblriache  Erbtenfaanm,  Qer. ;  Gorocholk,  Rmtt. 
Sngrtmmn.    N.DoHam.,S.t  19i ;  PalL  FL  Hon.,  1. 1 43.,  middle  llgare ;  the  plate  pfthll  fpedet 

in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  roL  ▼. ;  and  oar  Jig.  885. 

Spec,  Char,f  S^c,  Leaves  with  4^—6  pairs  of  oval-oblong  villous  leaflets. 
Petiole  unarmed.  Stipules  spinescent.  Pedicels  in  fascicles.  (J>on*s 
Mi/L^  A  low  tree.  Siberia,  m  woods,  and  upon  the  banks  of  rivers. 
Height  15ft.  to  20ft.  Introduced  in  1762.  Flowers  yellow;  April  and 
May.    Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 


238  A1IBORETUH    ET    FRUTICE   BRITAMNJCl'H. 

i  C.  a,  2  inirmii   Hort.  hu  the  braDches 

without  spines,      PlanU  in  the  Horti- 

cultural  Society's  Garden. 
Pallas  informs  us  that  upon  the  banks  of  rivers 
it  sroTs  to  the  hd^t  of  18  ft.  or  more  ;  but  in 
arid  places  it  is  only  a  small  shrub  ;  in  the  Utter 
state  forming,  as  ve  think,  the  variettes  C.  (a.) 
AUagana,  and  C.  (a^  microph/lla.  C.  arbor&cena 
ibrmE  an  erect  stiff  tree,  with  numerous  upright- 
growing  brancbee.  The  flowers  are  axillary,  one 
on  a  pedicel;  the  pods  are  oblong-taper,  and  each 
contains  3  or  t  seeds.  The  wood  ia  hard,  com- 
pact, and  ver;  tough;  yellow  on  the  outside;  and 
within,  waved  and  striped  with  red,  and  with 
reddish  brown. 

.■  8.  C.  (a.)  JlZTAa^'n*  Poir.     The  Altagana 
Caragano,  or  Siierian  Pea  Tree. 


anKnwiw*.  RoMUb  Ai- 
Uf£u  TIL  Fl  Rni, 
^«*M  nlerDfiliflli  z 


.-Im.    .^eufsu teUM nunc af  Ik's  thnib IP  SlbrrU. 

fnfTantefi.  ^JT.  F],  Rou.,  t.  41.,  under  tht  huh  of  Ito- 
HBla  JiHgina,  L'Htril.  Stttp.,  L  T&  j  oiLonr  A- MG- 

^wc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  having  6  or  8  pau^  oi 
glabrous,  obovate-Toundishiretuse  leaflets.  Pe- 
tiole unarmed.  Stipules  spinescent.  Pedicels 
EoUtary.  Legumes  rather  compressed.  ^Don'i 
Mia.)  A  low  shrub,  Siberia,  in  arid  plains. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  1789.  Flowers 
yellow;  April  to  July.  Legume  brown;  ripe  in 


Usually  propagated  by  grafting  on  C.  arbor&cens. 


,1  Cirwihu  ,Ut«<«u  nr.  fair.  A^pM.  p.  89. 
Fh(.    An.  Fl.  IlaH..i.Sl.  1 1. 1.  oBiter  tlw  HUH 
■InfamlcropbfUiiudourA'MT. 
^>ec  Char.,  rjc.     Leaves  with  6—7  pairs  of 
hoary  refuse  leaflets.     Petioles  and  stipules  J 


ratha*  spinescent  at  the  apei.    Root  creep- 
ing,   (Don't  MiU.)   A  low  shrub,     Sibena, 
in  the  Desert  of  Baraba,  and  in  other  arid 
places.     Height  S  ft. 
1819,    Flowers  yell< 
gume  brown;  ripe  it 

■  4,  C.  (a.)  Redo'w 

lanilfiaaiim.  Dae.  lAgaia,,  >.  n.i  uuuiukl.  i.p.  »■. 
Bittratlnt.  Dtc.  Ugulo,,!.  11.  CU.,  IntbtHndUiitiUM. 
Spec.  Cha;,  ^c.     Leaves  with  two   pairs  of  ovale,  acute,  smooth  leaflets. 

Stipules  apinose.     Flowers  yellow.  (DonU  Am.)     A  low  shrub.     Siberia. 

Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.    Introduced  in  1880,    Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  Hay. 

Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August, 


5 laces.     Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft.    Introduced 
819,    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  to  June.    Le- 
gume brown;  ripe  in  August.  "''  "^-t^' •''="'•**''' 

-  4,  C.  (a.)  Redo'wsk/  Dec,     Redowski's  Caragano,  or  Sberim  Pea  Tree. 


XXV.    LEGUMINa'cEAI:    CARAGjtNA. 


239 


SBS     C(a.) 


Vaneiy, 

M  C.  (A.)  R,  2  prof^cox  Fisch,  only  difiera  from  C  Red6wiikt  in  coining 

into  flower  earUer.    The  specimen  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  was  in 

full  leafy  and  in  flower,  on  April  30.  1836,  when  C.  fhit^scens  and 

C  arboi^cens  had  not  a  single  leaf  expanded. 

In  gjeneral  appearance  and  habit  of  growth,  it  resembles  C.  AU/tgdna,  ot 

which  it  is  probaoly  only  a  variety.     H.  S. 

M  5.  C.  (a.)  arbnaHiia  Donn  and  Sims,     The 

Sand  Caragana. 

JdenUfieaUom.    Donn  Hort.  Cant.;  Sfant  Bot.  Mag.^t.  1886. 
BngraHngi,    Sims  Bot.  lfag.,t.  1886. ;  mAoMXJIg-  SS8. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c»  Leaves  with,  usually,  4  or 
more  piurs  of  obcordate  lei^ets.  Pedicels 
usually  twin,  and  shorter  than  the  flowers. 
Stipules  subulate.  Flowers  yellow.  (Don's 
MUl,)  A  low  shrub.  Siberia.  Height  1  ft.  to 
2  ft.  Introd.  1802.  Flowers  yellow;  April 
and  May.  Legume  dark  brown ;  npe  in  August. 

Probably  only  another  variety  of  C  arbor^scens.    It  ripens  seeds  in  Eng- 
land, but  is  generally  propagated  by  gniting. 

A  6.  C,  fbute'scbns  Dec.    The  shrubby  Caragana. 

IdemjflcaHim.    Dec.  Prod..  S.  p.  US. ;  Don*t  MUL,  2.  p.  sa. 

^mmyivKV.    BoWnAi  firut«Mai>  XAi.  Spec.  1044..  PaU.  H.  Bou,  t.  43.  j  C.  dlgitikta  Lmm,  DM. 

1.  p.  616.   >- 
Ei^aviHgt.    8wt.  Fl.-Ctard.,  t  SS7. ;  PalL  Fl.  Rom.,  t.  48..  as  Robinte  fkutCaceiw ;  and  oar  Jig.  SSB. 

^oec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  having  2  pairs  of  leaflets,  which 
approximate  near  the  top  of  the  petiole :  they  are  obo- 
vate-cuneated.  Stipules  membranous.  Petiole  furnished 
with  a  short  spine  at  the  apex.  Pedicels  solitary,  twice 
the  length  of  the  calyx.  Flowers  yellow,  resupinate. 
Leaves  with  a  yellow  hue.  (Dow^s  2^L)  A  low  shrub. 
Native  of  Russia,  on  the  banks  of  the  Wolga  and  other 
rivers.  Height  in  open  situations  5  ft. ;  in  woods  and 
gardens  9  ft.  to  10  ft,  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May.    Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Varieties.  DeCandoUe  mentions  two  forms :  — 

*  C.  /  1  latifiBoy  which  has  gla- 
brous broadly  obovate  leaflets, 
and  is  frequent  in  gardens; 
there  being  a  subvariety,  with 
2-flowered  peduncles;  and 
A  C.  /.  2  angusi^oiia,  which  has  glabrous  oblong  cuneated 
leaflets,  and  is  found  near  (Messa. 

A  handsome  shrub,  sometimes  grafted  standard  high  on 
C,  arbor^scens. 

M  7.  C.  (p.)  HO^LLis  Bess.    The  soft  Caragana. 


389.    C.  huttiemm. 


lUL,  9l  p. 
r.  Siufpl.  477. ;  Bxmnia  tomen- 
ima  firut^acena  Tar.  m611is  Dee. 


C{r.) 


shrub. 
1818. 


Idemtifleaiiom,    B«m.  Enum.  PL  Volh.^.  99.;  Don*t  MUL,  9l  p.  348. 

lUMniamAaiA Bieb.  Fi,  n  

H4frt.  GorenJL   1818;  Cora 
IVwf.9Lp.96& 
Bngrtnimg,    Our  Jig.  390l  from  a  specfanen  in  Dr.  Lindley*a  herbarium. 

Spec.  Char.,  i^c.  Leaves  with  2  pairs  of  oblong,  cuneated, 
approximate  leaflets,  near  the  tip  of  the  petiole,  clothed 
with  soft  hair.  Petiole  ending  in  a  short  spine.  Pe- 
dicels solitary.  Flowera  yellow.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  low 
Native  of  Tauria  and  Podolia.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
Flowen  yellow  ;  April  and  May.     Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 


210  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTfCETUH   BRITANNICDH. 

jt  B.  C.  vtaiLs'K  Dec.     The  pygmjr  Caragane. 

rdnlAlfaM™.    DK'  YtoA.,  1  p.  see.  i  Don'i  MIU.,  a  p.  M» 

^VKnynK    RoblnuIpnnui'I  Lim.  ^.  lOtl,  PaU,  FL  Ron.  1. 1.  4S. .  :fmni.  Hitl*.  t.  U. 

Jtl^raijrw.    Fall.  F1.  Boa.,  I.  t  lit,  i  Amm.  Ruth.  (.  H.,  x  RoHdAi  pjtnut'a  ;  and  our^lji.  S)l. 

i^c.  C4or.,  if'C.  Leaves  with  S  pain  of  linear,  glabrous,  appronimate  leaflets 
near  the  tip  of  the  petiole,  which  ia  yerr  short.  Stipules  and  petioles  spi- 
nesceat.  Pedicels  solitary,  and  nesrly  the  length  of  Ine  calyx.  Calyx  nearly 
equal  at  the  base.  Leaflets  acute,  crowded,  usually  in  the  axils  of  tri&d 
spines.  Flonen  yellow,  (pec.  Prod.)  A  low  shrub.  Native  of  ihe  Altaic 
Mountwni.  Height  Eft.  lo  6  ft.  Introduced  in 
1T5L  Flowers  yellow;  April  and  Hay.  Le- 
gume brown ;  ripe  in  August. 

ji  C.p.  Samaria  Pisch.has  linear-cuneate leaf- 
lets, and  pedicels  of  the  flowers  generally 
longer  than  the  calyi. 
This  fflecies  has  lajve  trifid  spines,  slender  leaves, 
and  small  Aowen.     l^e  leaflets  are  remarkable  for 
being  b  four*,  dispo«ed  in  the  form  of  a  star,  in  the 
axils  of  the  spines.     The  young  shoots  are  of  a  fine  ^    ^^ 

rellow,  very  tough,  and  fit  for  being  used  as  wilhs.  " 

hVhen  grafted  aa  a  standard  on  C.  ^bor&cens,  it  forms  a  small  tree  of  very 
angular  appearance.     Increased  by  suckers  or  by  grafting, 

■M  g,  C.  sFiNo's:i  Dec.    The  spuiy  Caragena. 

rilnUj|(cia6n    Sec.  T>rad.,  Ip.  ass.:  LlodL^Bol,  Hsg.,  LMI.i  Don't  MILU l  p. Ml. 

SfnaifTma.    BsMnte  iplniu  Un.  V«u.  M9. ;  HoblDia  Rroi  Pall.  Fl.  Xau,  1. 1 44.,  /lis.  t.  E.  a. 

f  s.  md   a. ;  Roblnta  niliioiluliu  Laim.  Kar.  Act.  PrI.  IB.  I.  SO.  I.  4,  ;  Cimirciaa  Itxm  LMm. 

Bid.  1.  p.  tl«. 
£iV«ta((.    Fill.  Fl.  Rod.,  1. 1.  44. ;  But.  B<g.,  t.  IDII. ;  wkI  oatjlg.  tU. 

l^ec.  Char.,^c.  Leaves  with  8— 4 pairs  ofcu- 
neate-linoBT  glabrous  leaflets.  Stipules  small, 
spinose.  Adult  petioles  permanent,  Etrong, 
and  spinose,  twice  the  length  of  the  leaflets. 
Flowers  solitary,  almost  sessile,  and  of  a 
bright  yellow.  L<^me  rather  compressed. 
(Don'i  Mill.)     A 


vel 
Wl 


and  also  said  to  be  | 
plentiful  in  Chi- 
na, about  Pekin, 
where  branches 
of  it  are  stuck  in 
clay  upon  the  tops  of  the  walls,  in  order  that  its 
spines  may  prevent  persons  from  getting  over 
them.  (PaU.  Fl.  Rcti.)  Height  3fl.to4ft.  In- 
troduced in  1755.  Flowers  j-ellow ;  April  and 
Hay.  Legume  brown  ;  ripe  m  August- 
Seeds,  cuttings,  or  aramng.  Standard  high  it 
makes  a  very  singular  plant. 

JI  10.  C.  TRiGiCANTHoi^DBS  Pair.     Thc  Gost's- 

chom-like  Caragaan. 
MnltlliiiHw.    Polr.  Euppl.,  t.  p. Mi  Dae.  Prod.,  1.  p^K9.i 


SyKmrma.    Bobliifa  tngMutbndi*  FaIl.Hoii.  jS.  PrL  II.  t.  T.,  Aur.  11 

cnctnUw  Lett.  Cal. 
Emirtrimti.    FaU.  Mvr.  Act. FM,  lO.LI.i  AMI.,  119.  t  K. i  ud (Ktjlf  > 


XXV,  leoumina'cils:  caraga''na,  241 

^tee.  ChaT^i[c.  LeavM  with  2 — 4  pkirt  of  oblongJenceolalc  Bilh;  leaflets, 
ending  in  a  little  Bpin&  Stipule*  Bpineuent.  Aduli  petioles  pennanent, 
strong,  and  spinose,  twice  the  length  of  the  teaAels.  Pedicels  solitary,  short. 
L^me  hoary-villouB.  {Tkait  M^)  A  low  spinj  shrub.  Native  ol' Si. 
berui,  among  granite  rocks.  Height  4  in.  to  I  ft.  Introduced  in  1816. 
Flowers  yellow,  drooping;  April  and  Hay.  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 
When  grafted  staoderd  high,  it  Ebnii(  a  very  siugular  ol^ect. 

M  11.  C.  JUBA^T*  Pint.    The  crested  Caragana. 

MnUAfcaHm.    Polr.  Suppl.,  s.  p.  ea  !  Hoc.  Piod.,  l  p.  m.  i  Doo-t  MIIL.  &  p.  Ml 

amnomtm:.    BaUMa  ]uUu  PM.  tn  Atl.  PtL  10.  t.  S.,  AUT.  D.  1 II.  t.  U-  LaM.  Bal.  Cat.  L  n). 

A^f^Uv.     lU.  AO.  PM.,  10.  t.«.;  Lgd.  B«.  Cub.,  (.Aa.uRobflMaJubdUi  nd  iiurA.  M4. 

^pfc,  C7.(ir.,  4''^.  Iieavea  with  4  or  5  pain  of  oblong-lsnceol&te  lanuginously 
ciliated  leaiSeta.  Stipules  setaceous.  Petioles  somewhat  spinose ;  adult 
onesdeflexed,  filiform,  permanent.  Pedicels  solitary,  very  short.  L^ume 
glabrous.  Flowers  few  and  white,  sufllised  with  red.  (IW«  MiU.)  A  low 
shrub  i  native  of  Siberia  near  I^e  Baikal. 
Height  I  ft.  to  1  ft.  6  in.  Introduced  in  1796. 
Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red;  April  and  . 
Hay.  L^ume  brown;  ripe  in  August 
T^is  species  has  a  curious  shaggy  appearance,  \ 

occasioned  by  the  footstalks  of  tSe  leaves  being 

bristly  or  thorny,  and  remaining  on  loi^  after 

the  leaflet!  have  dn^^>ed   off.      Increased  by 

grafting  on  Qiragdtai  artmr^scens,  aad  as  a  standard  forming  a  very  singular- 

btdung  olgecL 

•  18.  C.  OBiNDiPLO^R*  Dec.     The  great-Aowered  Caragana. 


^>ee.  Char.,  4'c,  Leaves  with  8  pairs  of  obtong-cuneated  ap- 
prozinlttte  leaflets,  near  the  tip  of  the  petiole,  which  is 
Tery  short.     Stipides  and  petioles  tpmose.     Pwiiee' 

tary,  almost  the  length  of  the  calyx,  which  is  gibbous  _.  , 

base.  Legume  terete,  acute,  brown,  glabrous.  Flowers 
I  in.  long,  yellow.  {Don't  AM.)  A  low  shrub  j  native 
of  Georgia,  near  Teflis.  Height  S  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced 
in  1883.  Flowers  jeilow,  1  in.  long  ;  June  and  July. 
L^me  brown ;  ripe  in  8<pteaiber.    H.  8. 

M  13.  C.  CHAMLjCau  Lam.     The  Chamtagu,  or  Chmete  Caragana. 
UmlifltaUa*.    Lou.  Mct.l.p.Clll.iDac.  Prod  ,*. 
«Smw.    SiMBlmitmSditm  L'HMt.  SUip.,  N. 

£>!.,&  I.  tl.  i  ud  out  JV' »■■ 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leave*  with  S  pairs  of 
distant,  oval,  or  obovate,  glabroiu 
leaflets.  Stipules  spreading,  and,  as 
well  as  die  petioles,  spinose.  Pedicels 
soUtary.  Flowers  pendulous,  latg^ 
and  yellow,  at  leozth  becommg  reddish. 
Root  Bnldling  like  liquorice.  (DoiCt  . 
Mill.)  A  diffiise  smooth  shrub.  Native 
of  China.  Height  8  ft.  to  4ft.  In- 
troduced in  1773.  Flowers  yellow,  at 
'      '*"  '  reddiah,  Ui^ ;   May 

le  brown ;  ripe  August.  iw- 


242  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITAMNICUM. 


This  species  has  a  thick  root  and  branching  Mcm,  with  grey  bark.  The 
branches  are  alternate;  at  first  upright,  and  then  decumbent.  The  whole  plant 
has  a  lineular  appearance,  more  especialJj  when  juit  going  out  of  flower.  It 
ia  genenuiy  propagated  bj'  separating  the  offsets,  or  by  seeds,  or  it  maj  be 
er^ed  on  C.  arbor^ens.  Orafted  on  this  species,  e^>eciaUy  when  the  stock 
13  10  or  12  feet  high,  it  forms  s  singularly  picturesque  pendulous  tree ;  l>eau- 
tidil  not  ooly  when  it  is  in  leaf  or  io  flower,  but  from  the  graceful  lines  formed 
by  Its  branches,  even  in  the  midst  of  winter,  when  they  arc  completely  stripped 
of  thdr  leaves. 

Genus  XiV. 

lUlI 

Thb  H 

Uadelphu 

Liium,  MtiD.,  t. :  Prad,,  I.  p.  KS.  i  Don'i  Hill,.  1.  d.  M4. 
■L  JkiL  In  Sot.    PMf.    Otn.    Marcli   ISM,  bul  IHM   of    FMit 

DtritaUim.  From  tjIftHM.  iputllnni  «nJ  llim^nnt,  m  trw  l  In  nftnciMU  th*  bmUUt  orihlttarvbt, 
■h<ch  irow  Id  irj  ukail  ult  kldi,  bj  the  rtrsr  Inli,  ia  Sibgrli. 

Gen,  Char.  Calux  ureeolately  campanulste,  with  5  short  teeth.  Keri  obtuse, 
straigfatiBh.  iVingt  very  acute,  and  auricled.  Slanunu  diodclplioua,  about 
equal  In  length.  Slffle  filiTorm,  glabrous.  Stigma  terminal.  Leguine  stipi- 
tate,  infUtcd,  bladdery,  hard,  ovate,  and  few-seeded,  depressed  at  the  semi- 
niferous suture.     Setdt  oval.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leavet  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  abruptly  pinnate,  with 
ii!  pairs  of  leaflets:  petioles  and  stipules  spinose.  Floiven  bluish  pink,  or 
putplish,  in  2 — 3-Bowered  peduncles. — Shrubs,  deciduous;  natives  or  Europe 

Propagated  by  seeds,  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  or  by  grafting  on  the  common 
1  ibumum,  or  on  the  Caragina  arbortocns. 

*  J.  11,  arge'ntbum  C^c.     The  KiXvay-leatied  Halimodendron,  or 
SaU  Tree. 
litMOicatlm.    !>«.  Prod.,  i.  p.  MO.  -,  Doo'i  HIIL,  1  p.  Mt. 
Synoxrrm.      Hoblnla  HalodindrDii  Un.JU.Smt.jia.,Fall.  Ft.  lia,,.  (.K.;  Can^ina  >rK«n(<v 

Lam.  In  Pall.  lifm.  rH.  Una.  App.  [[,  l«a  (.  83.  (T  I. 
Kngnnimgi.    P»ll.  F1.  Rou..  t.  IS.  i  minor  JIf.  W7. 
Sjiec.  Chnr.,  Sic.     Leaves   hoary.     Peduncles   2-flowered. 
(Don't  Mili.}     A  shrub,  known  from  the  colour  of  its 
Uraves    and     bntnches.       Native  of   Siberia   in   saline 
steppes  near  the  river  Irtis.    Rdght 
4  ft.  to  6  ft.      Introduced  in   1779. 
Flowers  bluish  pink,  fragrant ;  May 
to  July.     Legume   inflated,   brovm  ; 
ripe  in  September. 
Vnrieliei.      DeCandollc  mentions  two 
forms  of  this  species :  — 

*  /f.  a.  1  vulaare  Dec.  Prod.  — 
Leaves     hoary     or     silvery. 
Standard  the  same  Icncth  as 
„.    „„^,„„.  the  keel. 

A  H.  a.  2  brarii^emn  Dec.  Prod. 
(But.  Mag.,  1016.;  and  our  fig.  398.)  — Leaves 
noary  or  Rilvery.  StandaiJ  shorter  than  the  . 
wings  and  keol.     Style  short.  n?.  H.^b^d^*™ 


XXV.     LE0UM1NAC££:    CALO'PHACA.  24.1 

■  if .  o.  3  Sincriii,  H.  Sier^reii  Fisch.,  is  a  dwarf  variety,  very  bardy, 
named  by  some  as  a  Epecies.  U.  S. 
Ao  irregular,  much-branched,  ri^d  shrub,  with  a  strigoae  grey  bark,  and 
leaves  clotoed  with  a  whitish  silky  down.  The  flowerE  are  numerous,  resem- 
bling those  of  LAthyrus  tuberdsus,  both  in  colour  and  size;  and  they  smell 
Bweet.  According  to  Pallas,  it  Is  much  frequented  by  insects,  especially  of  the 
ccnus  Mfloe  L.,  many  species  of  which  are  peculiar  to  Siberw,  It  flowers 
freely  from  May  to  July,  and,  in  moist  seasons,  later ;  and,  when  grafted 
standard  high  on  the  common  l^umum,  it  forms  one  of  the  moat  graceful 
droc^iiig  trees  that  can  adorn  a  lawn. 


•  2.1 

«.    Diin-iU<U..l.ii 

•aiHU  Stirp.  1 


Uauflleaaim.    DoD'i  HUI.,1.  p. 


BmtrMmlmf.    OvM-      .1"P.       - 

Spec.  CAar.,  ^.     Leaves  greemsh.     The  standard  of  the  same  length  as  the 

keel.     Pedicels  S-flowered.  (Don't  Mil.)     A  shrub,  like  the  precedbg  one, 

of  which  it  is,  without  doubt,  only  a  variety. 

Genus  XV. 

a   . 

CALOTHACA  FUcA.    Trb  Calophaca.    Lin.  Ss/tl.   Diad%hia  Decindria. 

UnuOtaUam.    Fluh.  Incd. ;  Dec  Prsd.,  1.  p.  170. 

n_i— £^     D !.!_  U-.UM.I  iHl]i*aW,  ■ludl;  In  (UutloD  In  Ctaa  beutT  of  UupUui,  lodtn 


Gen.  Cbar.  Calyx  5-clell,  the  lobea  acuminated.  Seel  obtuse.  Stametu  dia- 
delphous.  St^  tUIoub  and  straight  at  the  base,  but  glabrous  incurved  at 
the  apex.  Sitgma  terminal.  Legtaae  sesule,  oblong,  somewhat  cylindrical, 
mucronate,  I-eelled.  Yalvet  concave,  beset  with  soft  hairs,  as  well  as  with 
stiff  glandular  bristles,  mixed.  (Don'i  Mill.} 

£«aii« compound, alternate,atipulate,  dedduDus;  im pari- pinnate:  stipules 
lanceolate;     Floweri  yellow.  —  A  shrub,  native  of  Siberia. 

A  Fach.     The  Wolga  Calophaca. 
a  p.  SVO.j  Doa*» 

I.    C*t)nu  nlRlniu  PtU.  Bim.  S.  p.  lei  I.  C.  k- 
.    _..  __.  OaO.  Afrntnd.  No.  SS8.  t.  101.  f.  1. ;  (>tiuii  pln- 
nUni  PaU.  FL  SoMt.  1.  L  i1,  i     Cf)[iiu  wDlrtrim  Lht. 
JU.  Si^.   »B.,  K.  Dm   nam.  I.    t.U.;  C^ntem  sulRt-   £ 
i\cM  I.am-1  Aieaoctiipiuwo\gtoiU  Spremg.^gt.i.^.  t36-  ^ 
Engrmrhitl.    Pall.  Fl.  lU>u.,4.t.<T4  N.  Du  HuD-.l.  t.4B.i    ' 

:^>ec  Ckar.,  if  c.   Leaflets  6  or  7  pairs,  orbicular, 

velvety  beneath,  as  well  as  the  calyxes.  (Doa'i 

MUl.)   Adeciduousshrub.    Siberia,  in  desot  ' 

places  near  the  rivers  Don  and  Wolga,  in  a 

eravelly  or  sandy  soil.     Hd^t  2  (I.  to  »  ft. 

Introduced  in  1780.     Flowers  yellow;  June. 

Legume  reddish ;  ripe  iu  August.  ' 

Being  somewhat  difficult  to  propf^te  exce^  ^ 
by  seeds,  which,  however,  iu  fine  seasons,  it 
pToducev  in  tdrandance,  it  is  not  sc 
It  ought   to  be  in   British   gardei 
•ton  wd  high  on  the  common  bbun 


244 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


an  object  at  once  sing;ular,  picturesque,  and  beautiful,  whether  when  cevered 
with  blossoms,  or  with  its  fine  reddish  pods. 

Genus  XVI. 


off 


COLU^TEA  R,  Br.    Thb  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Ssnna.    Imu  Sytl. 

Diad^Iphia  Dedindria. 

Identiftcatiom.    R.  Br.  fn  Hort  Kew.,  ed.  2.,  toL  4.  p.  325. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  VO. ;  Don's  MIIL,  i, 

p.  244. 
Smumipnet.    Baguenaudicr,  Fr. ;  Senna  fiilia,  Itai. ;  Blaienbaum,  Gfr. 
Derivatkm.    From  koiouo,  to  amouUte.    Tho  shrubs  are  said  to  die  If  the  brandies  are  lopped 

KoUmtea  is  also  the  name  of  a  plant  mentioned  by  Theophrastus. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5~toothed.  VexiUum  flat,  bicallose,  lareer  than  the  keel, 
which  is  obtuse.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Stiema  lateral,  Bodced  under  the 
top  of  the  style.  Style  bearded  longitudiniuly  behind.  Legume  stipitate, 
ovate,  boat-formed,  inflated,  scarious.  (Don't  JmlL) 

Leiwes  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  irapari-pinnate :  stipides 
small.  Flowert  usually  yellow,  axillary,  the  racemes  shorter  than  the  leaves, 
and  succeeded  by  bladdery  legumes.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  the 
Middle  and  South  of  Europe,  the  North  of  Africa,  and  Nepal. 

All  the  kinds  that  have  hitherto  been  introduced  into  Europe  are  probably 
only  varieties  of  one  species.  They  are  readily  increased  by  seeds  or  cuttings 
of  the  roots  on  any  common  soil. 

A  1.  C.  AftBORB^scBNS  Ltfi.     The  arborescent  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna. 

Ident(fleatum.    Un.  Sp.  1046j  Dec.  Astr.,  No.  1. ;  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  270. ;  Don's  BOIL,  2.  pc  24St 

Hynonmne.    C.  hlnHta.  Roth  PL  Germ.  1.  p.  SOS. 

Engrawingt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1  22. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  1 117. ;  Bot.  lia«.,  t.  8L ;  and  cm  Jig.  400, 

Spec.  Char.,  <$■<?.  Leaflets  elliptical,  retuse.  Pe- 
duncles bearing  about  6  yellow  flowers.  Callosities 
of  the  standard  short.  Legumes  closed.  {Dee, 
Prod.)  A  rapid-growing  shrub.  Middle  and  South 
of  Europe,  Italy,  and  on  Mount  Vesuvius  is  found 
even  on  the  ascent  to  the  crater,  where  there  are 
scarcely  any  other  plants.  Height  12  ft.  to  14ft. 
Introduced  in  1570.  Flowers  yellow;  June  to 
August.  Legume  bladder-like,  reddish ;  ripe  io 
September. 

The  bladders,  when  pressed,  explode  with  a  crack- 
ling noise.  On  the  Continent,  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  as  a  substitute  for  senna,  and  they  are 
also  said  to  afibrd  a  grateful  food  for  cattle.  The 
seeds,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two,  are  said  to  excite 
vomiting.  In  British  gardens,  the  plant  is  chiefly 
valuable  as  a  bulky  fast-growing  shrub,  of  the  easiest 
culture,  and  fit  for  almost  any  situation. 

A  2.  C.  (a.)  crub'nta  AU,    The  bloody^u;«-^d  Colutea,  or  Oriental  Bladder 

Senna. 

JdentifieaHon.    Ait  Hort  Kew.,  3.  p.  55. ;  Dec.  Astr.,  No.  3. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  2.  p  245. 

^nomgmes.    C.  orientAlls  Lam.  Dtct.  1.  p.  853.,  lU.  624.  f.  3.,  N.  Du  Ham.  1. 1. 23. ;  C.  sangulnca 

Poll ;  C.  ^tera  Schmidt  Arb.  1. 119. ;  C.  hClmilis  Seop. 
Engravings.    Lam.  III.,  621.  C  8.  i  N.  Da  Ham.,  1. 1  23. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  t  119. ;  Krause,  1 105. ; 

and  our  Jig.  401. 

Spec,  Char.^  S^c,    Leaflets^  obovate,  emai^inate,  glaucous.     Peduncles  bearing 

.4—5  flowers.     Callosities  of  the  standard  obtuse,  very  small.    Legumes 

opening  at  the  tip.     Corolla,  in  colour,  between  red  and  saffron-coloured, 

with  a  yellow  spot  at  the  base  of  the  standard.  {Dec.  Prod.)    A  glaucous 


XXV.     LEOUMINA^CEf !    COLV  TEA. 


24S 


shrub.  ArchipeWo.  Georpa,  and  tlie 
Levant.  Height  4  It.  to  8  ft.  Intrud. 
1731.  Plowerareddwh copper-coloured; 
June  Bod  July.    Legume  reddiGbj  ripe 

Resemblei  C.  arbor&cenB,  but  of  smnUer 
diDnenHioiu,and  with  leaflets  more  gtaucous, 


Spec.  Oar.,  ^.  LeaT- 

letB  obcordBte,glsu- 

ceacent  Peduncles 

uiually  6-flowered. 

L^umes  closed  at 

the  apex.     Flowera 

orange-coloured.  — 

(Don't  Mill.)  j 

Aihrubratherlarger  than  C.(a.)  crufuta,  and  differing  ' 
from  it  chLeflv  in  haTing  orangD-coloured  flowen.     Per- 
liepi,  a  hybrid  between  the  two  preceding  sorts.  «^  c.  ii\  muit. 

>  4   C  (i.)  halb'ppica  L<m.     The  Aleppo  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna. 

UenlUleallan.    Lun.  Diet,  I.  p.  tM.  i  III,,  l  GM.  f.  1,  i  Dec 


•  5.  C.  mbfalb'nsis  Hook.    The  Nepal  Colutea,  or  Bladder  Senna. 

■    ■■m.    TIpak.  B«.  Mi(.,Mn.i  I>on'iMni.,3.n.M», 

>.  rook.  BoL  ■>(.,  L  lea.  i  ud  our  jif.  mi. 


246  ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

^Kc.  0iar.,  ^e,  I.eafleU  raundub-etliptic,  retuie.  Hacemes  drooping,  few- 
flowered.  Callotitica  of  standard  papilliTonn.  Legumes  rather  coriaceous, 
pubescenL  {DonU  Mill.)  A  branch;  shrub.  Nepal.  He^ht  SAl  to 
IGft.  Flowers  yellow ;  August  and  September.  Legume  reddi^;  ripe  in 
October. 
The  leaflets  are  soiall,  and,  being  more  imperfectly  developed  than  in  any  of 

ihe  other  kinds,  gWe  it  a  ringular  appearance. 


□ 


nitfr,  a  fUr,  wigMia,  milk. 
Gen.  Char.     Cab/x  6-tootbed.     Keel  obtuxe.     Stameiu  diadelphous.     Legume 
biloculnr  or  half-bilocular,  from  the  upper  suture  being  bent  in  so  much. 
(Don'i  MiU.) 

Leavei  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  junnate :  petioles  p«r^ 
mancni.  Flaaeri  in  the  only  hardy  ligneous  spedes  purplish  or  white. 
—  Shrubs,  low ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  Aaia. 

•T  Great  Geal'i 


.    Lin.  Sd.,  1071.  i  Wo 


B&.i 


Eitgritliigi.  PiUl.  Aitr.,  t.l.f.  1.3.;  Diih.  ATb.,1.  klM-i  Woodi.  Hed.  Bot.,  170.  t.  g«. ;  Watt. 
DtDd.  BHC.  L  M.  1  uid  our  jV-  40*. 

Spec.  Char.fSic.  Pedkuiclea  usually  4-dowered, 
about  equal  in  length  to  the  leaves.  Calyxes 
cylindrical,  with  5  short  blunt  teeth.  L^ves 
with  9 — II  pair*  of  elliptic  hoary  leaflets. 
(Don't  Mill.)  A  low  prickly  glaucous  shrub, 
with  sub-persistent  leaves,  aiid  persistent  pe- 
tioles. M^ireeiUes  and  Narbonne,  in  sandy 
flacea,  as  well  as  Conies  and  Bdaurttania. 
[eight  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  ia  16M). 
Flowers  purplish  or  white ;  May  to  July. 
Legumes  tomentose,  brown  ;  ripe  in  Sep- 
tember.    General  aspect  whitish. 

The  flowers  are  ilis[)osed   on  axillary  pe-  ^^    [,iii,.i.,  tihhImih 

(luncles,  so  short  as  to  prevent  them  from  '^'^"      ' 

being  at  all  conspicuous  above  the  leaves.  After  the  leaflets  drop  ofl;  the 
petioles  become  mdurated,  so  as  to  give  the  plant  the  oppcarance  of  being 
densely  covered  with  spines.  Propagated  b^  seeds,  which  it  sometimes 
ripens  ia  England,  or  by  cuttings.  It  requires  a  dry  soil,  and  a  sunny 
Mtuation ;  and  is  well  adapted  for  rock-work. 

OMcr  Sgneoiu  Spedet  of  Aitrigatiu. —  A,  alloKiu  Lodd.  Cab.;  A.  aratatut 
L'Hfrit  Stirp.  170.,  with  jelbw  flowers,  which  is  figured  in  Bot.  Cab. 
t.  1278.,  and  our^.  406. ;  A.  brenjolua,  with  a  purplish  flower,  figured  in 
Bot.  Cab.  t.  I38S.,  and  our  ^.  407. i  and  A.  nuatiUhait  Lam.,  which  is 
probably  a  variety  of  A.  TVagacanlha  with  white  flowers  instead  ofpiuplisli 


XXV.  LEauHtNACKX:  coroni'lla. 


lot,    AoitdnnmiH 


Sect.  III.    Hedysa'iie-e. 
Genus  XVIH. 


CORONI'LLA  Xcck.      The  Cobomlu.     Lm.  Syil.  Diadflphla  Decandriu. 

Unul/kaUtiL    Mick.  Ekin..  No.  1319. 1  I-im.  Ill,,  t.  rao.  g  D«.  Prod,.  1,  p.  3D9. 

Snwjfmr,    CoRmliU  ip^  of  Lin.  and  dthfln. 

DrriwtlKm,    From  (Briiaa.  1  ero*n  :  In  ntema  to  Iha  dlipoilUoii  of  Ihc  flovetl  In  cnnni,  or 

Gen.  Chtr.  Caigx  cMDpanulate,  ihort,  S-toothed,  the  two  auperior  teeth  a^ 
proiiinate,  and  joined  together  higher  up  than  the  reaL  Clauii  of  pet^s 
UBUklly  longer  than  the  calyx.  Caraia  acute.  Stameni  diadelphoua.  Legume 
nearly  terete,  alender,  at  length  tepaniting  into  oblong  l-seeded  joints.  Seedt 
ovate  or  cylindrical.  {Don'i  MiU.) 

Lcavei  compound,  sltemate,  stipulate,  deciduous  i  impnii-pinnate.  Floaeri 
in  8x111017  pi^uncles,  bearing  at  their  tops  umbela  of  pedicellate  flowers, 
usnally  yellow. —  Sbniba,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen ;  nativea  of  the  South 
of  Europe  or  Ada. 
They  are  all  highljr '>tnainental,  and  most  of  them  produce  leedi  in  England, 

by  which,  or  by  cuttings,  they  are  easily  propagated  id  common  soil. 
■  I,  C.  E'uBRUs  L.    The  Scorfiion-Senna  Coronilla. 

UtmlipcaUBn.      Lin.    Sp.,    I04G.I   Dec 

_  Prm..  i.  p.ws.i  Doo^Mui., ».  p.  n4. 

.,  iDd  B.  mlnr.  t.«.;"c: 
. Lam.  FL  Tt. 

Spec  Char.,  Ifc.  Grubby,  gla- 
brous. Ita  leaves  are  attend- 
ed by  minute  atipulea,  and 
bate  S — 7  obovate  leeBets. 
Its  flowers  are  yellov,  di»- 
poiedSuponapeduncle.  The 
claws  of  the  netaU  are  thrice 
as  long  aa  the  calyx.  The 
l^ume  is  rather  cylindricnl 
than    compressed,     and    its 


243  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRlTANffTlCUM. 

joints  separate  slowly  and  unobviously,  but  they  do  separate.  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  bushy  glabrous  shrub.  Middle  and  Southern  Europe,  in  thickets  and 
hedges.  Height  4  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April 
to  June.     Legume  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Before  the  flowers  are  expanded,  the  corolla  is  partly  red  externally,  mostly 
so  towards  the  tips  of  the  petab ;  and  the  mingling  q£  the  yellow  flowers,  with 
flower-buds  more  or  less  red,  and  the  elegant  foliage,  produce  a  fine  effect.  It 
flourishes  most  in  a  sunny  sheltered  situation,  and  a  dry  soiL  It  bears  clipping, 
and  would  form  a  beautiful  garden  hedge. 

j»  2.  C.  Jv'scBk  L,    The  rushy-^nemc^i^  Coronilla. 

JdetUifieation.    Ltn.  Sp.,  1047. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  809. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p.  874. 
Engravmgg.    Bot  Reg.,  t.  890. ;  BoL  Cab.,  t  335. ;  and  ouxjig.  400l 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Shrubby,  gilabrous.  Branches  rush-like,  round,  bearing  but 
few  leaves  ;  the  latter  are  attended  by  minute  stipules,  and 
have  3 — 7  leaflets,  that  are  linear  oblong,  obtuse,  and  rather 
fleshy  ;  the  lowest  leaflets  being  rather  (ustant  from  the  base 
of  the  petiole.  The  flowers  are  yellow,  5-— 7  in  an*umbel. 
The  claws  of  the  petals  are  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx. 
The  legume  is  rather  compressed,  and  its  joints  separate 
obviously.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  glaucous  shrub.  South 
of  France.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1756.  Flowers 
bright  yellow;  June  and  July.  Legume  brown;  ripe  in 
September.  409.  cjaoom. 

It  deserves  a  place  in  collections,  on  account  of  the  singularity  of  its  nish- 
like  slender  branches,  which,  like  those  of  5j)&rtium  junceum,  are  partly  desti- 
tute of  leaves. 


Sect.  IV.     Phaseo^lea. 
Genus  XIX- 


WISTA'R/il  Nutt.    The  Wistaria.    Lin.  Sytt.  Diad^Iphia  Decdndria. 

Identification.    Nutt.  Gen.  Amer.,  2.  p.  115j  Dec  Prod.,  a.  p.  389. ;  Don's  Mill.,2L  p.  848. 

Sunonvmet.    Glycine  tp.  £.,  ThyrsAnthuf  EUiot,  Kratinhto  Rafin. 

DerHfoHon.    Named  In  honour  of  Caspar  JVistar,  late  Profetsor  of  Anatomy  in  the  UniTertity  of 

PenntylTanla.  iDon*9  Mill.,  ft.  p.  348.)  NuttaU  flrst  characteriaed  and  named  this  genu,  from  the 

American  ipedn.  which  he  denominated  W.  tpecitea ;  but  which  DeCandoUe  has  changed  to  W. 

frutfaoens.     In  DeCandoUe's  Prodrotmu,  and  some  other  works,  WlstibnVi  ts  erroneously  spelled 

WiMthria. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  campanulate,  somewhat  bilabiate,  upper  lip  with  two  short 
teeth,  lower  one  witn  3  subulate  teeth.  Corolla  papilionaceous.  VexUlum 
bicallose.  Win^s  conforming  to  the  keel,  which  is  2-edged.  Stamens  diadel- 
phous.  Nectariferous  tube  girdine  the  stipe  of  the  ovary.  Legume  standing 
on  a  short  stipe,  coriaceous,  S-valved,  1-celled,  rather  tonilose  at  the  seeds. 
(Don't  MiU.) 

Leaves  compound,  opposite,  ezstipulate,  deciduous;  impari-pinnate. 
Flowers  bluish  purple,  in  terminal  and  axillary  racemes. — Shrubs,  deciduous, 
twinins;  natives  of  North  America  and  China;  of  vigorous  growth,  formings 
when  m  flower,  some  of  the  most  splendid  ornaments  of  Bntish  gardens. 

The  species  are  quite  hardy,  will  grow  in  any  soil,  and  are  generally  pro- 
pagated by  layers  of  the  young  shoots,  which  will  root  at  every  joint  if  kud 
down  during  summer  as  they  grow.  They  may  also  be  propagated  by  cuttings 
of  the  roots ;  or  by  seeds. 


XXV.    LEQUHINACEX:    OLEDI'tSCH/^. 

t.  W.  pbutb'scbns  Dtc.    The  shrubby  Wistaria. 

Priid.,*.p.tga.iD<>n'>MUI..l.p«8. 
■  muitCHU  LAt.  Sp.  lOGT.;  i'pl» 
.  ^n.  Anrf.  9.  p.  J74.  ;  Anfiannod 
l  Cv.  1H.  i  Wlitln'a  tnd^u  Mm, 


i?vi.'Pxfta£^  W^ir 


J^wc.  Char.,  S/c.    Wings  of  the  corolla  each 

¥nth  two  aairidea.  Ovary  elabroiu.  Fbw- 

en  odorous.    (ZVc.   Prod.')     An  elegant 

deciduoui    climber,      VirginiB,    Carolma,  ] 

and  the  Illinois,  in  boggj  places.     Stem 

a)ft.  to30ft.      IntTOdTlVSl.      Flowers 

bluiafa  purple,  sweet-scented,  the  standard  . 

haring  a  greenish  jellow  spot  at  the  base; 

July  to  September.     »gume  brown  ;  ripe 

in  October. 

It  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  *'"■  *'"**  '"""■" 

root  and  by  layers,  and  forms  a  Tery  ornamental  climber,  especially  when 
trained  agauut  a  waU. 

A  S.  W.  chinb'nsis  Dec.     The  Chinese  Wistaria. 

,  I  Don't  Kill.,  1.  p.  MS. 

I.  Mag.  t.  MSI.  I  0.  ijnipili  Sot.  IUg.t.Wt.;  Vllutila  Cob- 

_  __  ,_      _        _     .  ......~u.,'L''ill.('Ki(- Mil . 

L773. 1  uodoarflg.  4U. 

■Spec.  Char.,  4re.  Wings  of  the  corolla  each  with 
one  auricle.  Ovary  rillose.  Flowers  large. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  vigorous-rrowing  deciduous 
twiner.  China.  Stem  6OTI.  to  ISO  ft.  In- 
troduced in  IB16.  Flowers  pale  bluish  purple; 
Hay  aud  June,  and  sometimes  produdog  a  se- 
cond crop  of  flowers  in  August.  Legume  ?. 
The  flowers  are  la^er  than  those  of  W.  fru- 

t^scens  :  the^  are  disposed  in  longer  and  looser 

racemes,  and  are  somewhat  paler  in  colour.     On 

established   plants   they  are  produced   in  great   ' 

abundance  ;  but  they  have  not  yet  been  succwded  , 

by  Iwunes  in  England.    This  plant  may  truly  be 

considered  the  most  magnificent  of  all  our  hardy  , 

deciduous  climbers.     It  will  grow  wherever  the 

common  laburnum  will  flourish;  but,as  its  flowers 

are  somewhat  more  tender  than  those  of  that 

tree,  they  are  more  liable  to  be  iiyured  bj  frosts  in  vi 

in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  against  a  wafl,  extends  ii 

on  each  ude  of  the  main  stem ;  one  at  Coughton  Hall  covers  90&  superficial 

feet  of  walling. 

Sect.  V.     Cassie'^ 
Genus  XX. 


OLET>nSCHTA  L.    Thb  Olbditschia.   Lin.  Si/tl.  Polyg^ia 

7dniftf«lkM.    I.iB.  do..  IIHI. :  Lain.  in..|>-  UT.i    D<c.  Prod,.  I  p.  m  ;  Don't  Mil 


250  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Derivation,  In  honour  of  Got/Ueb  Oiediisdk,  oi  Leiptlc,  once  a  protafor  at  Berlin,  and  defender  of 
Linnnusa^inst  Siegeibeck ;  author  of  Metkodm  Fungorum  (1753),  Sifitema  Pkmtamm  a  Skumi* 
num  situ  (1764),  andmanj  other  smaller  works. 

Gen,  Char.  Flowen  unisexual  from  abortion,  or  hermaphrodite.  Calyx  of 
3 — 4 — 5  equal  sepals,  which  are  connected  together  at  the  base  into  a  cu- 
pule.  PetaU  equal  in  number  to  the  sepals,  rising  from  the  tube  of  the 
calyx.  Stamens  equal  in  number  to  the  sepals.  Syle  short.  SHgma  pu» 
bescent  above.  Legume  continuous,  furnished  with  more  or  less  pulp.  Seeds 
compressed.  (DorCs  Mill.) 

Leaves  compound,  abruptly  pinnate,  and  bipinnate,  on  the  same  tree ;  or, 
rarely,  by  the  coalition  ot  the  leaflets,  almost  simple,  alternate,  stipulate, 
deciduous.  Flowers  greenish,  in  spikes. — Trees,  deciduous,  of  the  Ist,  2d, 
and  3d  ranks  ;  natives  of  North  America  or  China.  Branchlets  suprfr- 
axillary,  and  often  converted  into  branched  spines.  Decaying  leaves  yelk)w. 
Naked  young  wood  purplish  or  brownish  green. 

The  species  are  of  easy  culture  in  good  firee  soil ;  and,  in  Britain,  generally 
propagated  by  imported  seeds,  or  grafting.  The  species  appear  to  be  in  a 
state  of  great  confusion  in  Bridsh  g^irdens;  and,  judging  from  the  trees  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  we  should 
conjecture  that  there  are,  probably,  not  more  than  two  species,  the  American 
and  the  Chinese.  The  Chinese  species  is  distinguished  by  its  trunk  being 
more  8[)iny  than  its  branches. 

¥1.6.  TRiACA^NTHOs  lAn.    The  threo-thomed  Gleditschia,  or  Honey  Locust. 

Identifieatkm.    Lin.  Sp.,  Ifi09.  {  Dec.  Prod^  a.  p.  479.  (  Don's  BfllL,  8.  p.  496, 
Stftumymet.    O.  triac&nthos  Tar.  m  polvspmna  Mart.  MiU, ;   G.  mellloba  Wait. ;  G.  spinftsa  Dai 
Ham.  \  ilckda  triadinthos  Hort. ;  iloacia  americdna  Phik.  \  FMer  d'Amtrique,  Fr. ;  Fara  ame- 
ricana,  luU. :  Thorny  Acacia,  Sweet  Locust,  United  States ;  Carouge  I  Bfiel,  ikmada. 
Engravhigs.    Michz.  fu.  Arb.,  Z  p.  164. 1. 10.;  Wats.  Dend.  Brit.,  1 13& ;  the  plates  of  this  spedes 
in  Arb.  Brit,  1st  edit,  vol.  t.  ;  and  WiX^.  41S. 

Spec,  Cliar.^  Sfc.  Spines  simple  or  trifid ;  stout,  at  the  very  base  compressed, 
in  tlie  upper  part  cylindrical,  but  tapered.  Leaflets  linear-oblong.  Lc^mes 
flattish,  rather  crooked,  many-seeded,  and  more  than  ten  times  as  long  as 
broad,  {pec.  Prod,)  A  laige  tree.  Carolina  and  Virginia.  Height  50  ft. 
to  80 ft.  Introduced  in  1700.  Flowers  greenish;  June  and  July.  Legume 
brown;  ripe  in  October.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked  young  wood 
purplish  brown. 

9  G.i,2  mermu  Dec.,  G.  laeVis  Hort.  (Dec.  Leg.  M^m.,  2.  t.  22.  fig.  109. ; 

Catesb.  Carol.,  1. 1.  43. ;  Pluk.  Aim.,  1. 123.  fig.  3. ;  and  the  plates  of 

this  variety  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.),  has  the  stem  and  branches 

not  spiny,  or  but  very  sparingly  so. 
S  6.  /.  3  bradiycarpa.     G.  brachydlrpa  Pursh^  G.  triadinthos  var.  fi 

Michx.  —  Leaflets  oblong  obtuse.     Spines  thick,  short,  not  rarely  3 

together.     Legumes  oblong,  short. 

The  trunk  and  branches,  when  the  tree  is  youne,  are  covered  with  large 
prickles,  which,  though  they  are  not  ligneous,  become  nard,  and  remain  on  for 
several  years,  and  offer  a  formidable  defence.  These  prickles  are  not  only 
produced  by  the  young  wood,  but  occasionally  protrude  themselves  from  the 
trunk,  even  when  the  tree  is  of  considerable  bulk  and  age.  In  general,  the 
trunk  presents  a  twisted  appearance,  and  the  branches  proceed  from  it  rather 
horizontally  than  in  an  upright  direction.  The  pinnated  foliage  is  particularly 
elegant,  and  of  an  agreeable  light  shining  green :  it  appears  late  in  spring,  the 
trees  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  sometimes  not  being  fully  cloth«l  till 
the  middle  or  end  of  June ;  and  it  be^s  to  turn  yellow,  and  drop  off,  early 
in  autumn.  The  flowers  are  inconspicuous ;  the  male  flowero  being  in  the 
form  of  catkin-like  racemes  of  nearly  the  same  colour  as  the  leaves.  Some 
trees  in  the  grounds  at  Syon  have  ripened  seeds,  the  pods  containing  which, 
being  1  ft.  to  2  fi.  in  length,  and  remaining  on  the  trees  after  the  leaves  are  off, 
have  a  singular  appearance.    These  crooked  pendulous  pods  are  of  a  reddish 


XXV.  leoumina'ces:  oledi'tsch/^. 


eubatance,  wtuch,  for  about  s  month  after  the  ■Dsturity  of  the  e 
verj  iweet,  but  after  a  few  weeks  becomea  extremely  sour.  The  mte  or 
growth  of  this  tree,  for  the  fint  15  or  20  yean,  ia  generally  about  the  BTerage 
of  a  foot  a  year ;  but  in  fevourable  situations  it  will  grow  at  double  that  rate. 
In  the  garden  of  the  Hort.  Soc,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  the  Heasrs.  Lod- 
diies,  plants  10  years  planted  were,  in  1835,  from  30ft.  to  25tl.  in  height. 
The  wood  of  this  tree,  when  dry,  weighs  at  the  rate  of  53  lb.  the  cubic  foot : 
it  is  verv  hard,  and  splits  with  great  facility,  resembling  in  this  and  other  re- 
spects ttie  wood  of  the  robinia  (  but  its  grain  is  coarser,  and  its  pores  more 
open,  bi  Britain,  this,  and  all  the  kinds  of  the  genus,  can  only  be  considered 
as  omamental  trees ;  but  in  that  character  they  hold  the  first  mnk ;  then-  de- 
licate acada-Uke  foliage,  and  the  uugularly  varied,  graceful,  aud  picturesque 
forms  asniraed  b^  the  tree,  more  especially  when  youn^  or  middle-aged,  to- 
Eether  with  the  singular  feature  afforded  by  its  spines,  will  always  recommend 


to  ripen  the  seeds.  The  spedea  is  always  propagated  by  seeds  imported  Irom 
America,  or  from  Fnmcc  or  Italy.  The  plants  are  best  tninsplanted  to  where 
they  are  finally  to  remain  when  quite  young ;  as  they  make  but  few  fibrous 
roots,  and  these  take,  for  the  most  part,  a  d^cending  direction.  The  variety 
G.  t.  inermis  can  only  be  insured  by  grafting  on  the  species.  In  general,  how- 
ever, abundance  of  plants  without  apinea  may  be  selected  from  beds  of  seed- 
lings of  Q.  triacjinthos. 

5  2.  O.  (t.)  >■o^ 


XuroiAV'    Kill.  Icon.,  B.  I  ml  oi 

^>ec.  Ciar.,  ^c.  Spinea  slender,  not  rarely  triGd,  few.  Leaflets  ovate-oblong, 
acute.  Legume*  flattiah.  roundish,  I-aeedad.  (Dec.  Frnd.^  A  tree  of  the 
lar^t  size.  Native  of  Carolina,  Florida,  and  tKe  Illinois,  in  moist  woods. 
Height  do  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in  1733.  Flowers  greenish ;  June  and 
July.  Legume  not  seen  in  England. 
Closely  resembles  the  honey  locust,  from  which,  in  England,  where  neither 

uf  them  ripens  seeds,  it-  is  almost  impoMibte  to  distinguish  it.     The   bark. 


252  ARBOnETUM    ET    FRUTtCETUH    BRITANNICUK. 

though  Binooth  when  the  tree  u 
young,  yet  cracks  and  scales  off  when 
tbe  tree  gronra  old,  as  in  O.  triacan* 
thoB.  The  leaves,  Michaux  sajs, 
ililTer  from  those  of  O.  triacAothoa,  in 
bein^  a  little  Bmaller  in  all  their  pro- 
portions. The  branches  are  armed 
trilh  thoma,  which  are  also  less  nu- 
merous, and  aomewhat  smaller  than 
dioae  of  G.  triadinthoi.  The  tree  is 
treated  in  all  respects  like  G.  tria-  a 
cinthos  ;  of  which  it  has,  till  lately, 
been  conndered  only  a  variety.     It  t, 

is  raised  in  the  nurseries  from  in-  9 

ported  seed  ;  but  whether  the  plants 

really   dim    out    perfectly   distinct,  .. 

withrespH3CtIo  the  forrn  of  then- fruit,  *  ''  ''™"'    "* 

is  uncertain  ;  from  thdrnot  having  yet,  as  far  aa  we  know,  fruited  in  England. 

i  3.  6.  sinb'nsis  Lam.    The  Chinese  Oleditechia. 

p7m.  I  Don'i  Hill.,  3.  p.  4M. 
Sfnonywia.     G.  li6rrUll  Wim.  Sf.  *.  p-  10M>  i  F^. 

Etirnvbiri.    Dec.  Lteum.  Vim..  1. 1. 1. :  the  plaU 
H  Mm  qncln  !□  Jnt>.  Brtl.,  lit  edit.,  tdL  t. 

^Kc.  Char.,  S[c.  Spinel  stout,  conicnl; 
those  on  the  branches  simple  or 
branched ;  those  on  the  stem  grouped 
and  branched.  The  leaflets  ovate- 
elliptical,  obtuse.  L^mes  compressed, 
long.  The  spines  in  this  species  are 
axiQnry,  not  dutant  trom  the  axil.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  China. 
Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in 
1774.  Flowers  greenish;  June  and 
July.  L^ume  not  seen  in  EngUnd. 
yarielia. 

t  G.  I.  2  himia  N.  Du  Ham,,  G, 
jap6nica  Ladd.  Cat.,  Q.  jav&nica 
Liim.  (see  the  plate  of  thb  tree 
in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  v.j 
and  our^.  414.),  differs  from 
Q.  sinensis  in  being  without 
spines,  of  much  less  vieorous 
growth,  and  in  having  the  foliage 
ofamuchdeepcrgreen.  Icseems 

a  very  desirable  variety  for  small  ,„.  ai.a»iu.»  ►*■». 

gardens. 
i  O.t.  3  maior  Hort.,  G.  h6rrida  m^or  Lodd.  Cat.,  seems  scarcelj  to 

differ  from  the  species. 

t  G.  «.  4  nina  Hort.,  G.  h.  nina  in  Hort.  Soc  Gard,  (sec  the  plate  of 

this  tree  in   Arh.  Brit,,  Isl  edit.,  vol.  v.  ;  and  our  Jig  415.),  is  a 

tree  of  somewhat  lower  growth  than  the  species,  but  scarcely,  m  it 

appears  to  us,  worth  keeping  distinct. 

J  G.  ».  5  purpurea  Hort.,  O,  h.  purpurea  Ziodd.  Cat.  (sec  the  plate  in 

Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit,  vol.  v.  j  and  our^.  416.),  is  a  small  tree   of 

compact  upright  growth,  very  suitable  for  gvdens  of  limited  extent. 

Olker  Fariclia  of  G.  tiithuit.—1n  Loddigea's  artwrctum  there  is  a  plant 


XXV.    LEQUMINACE£:   GLEDl'TSrH/vf. 


marked  G.  ckniiua 
(Potts),  which  was  im- 
ported from  Chine  bj 
the  Hon.  Boc.  It  ia.  at 
preKnt,  a  low  bush, 
and  may,  perhapn,  prove 
something  diicinct. 
There  were  also,  in 
l839,iDtheHort.  Soc. 
Garden,  tome  plants 
without  names,  app»> 
renttf  Jielonging  to  this 
■peciesj  but,  sa  we  have 
alresdf  oburved,  the  ' 
Kenua  ia  in  great  con- 
fusion, and  nothing 
perfectly  SBtiafactory 
can  be  stated  nspect- 
ingit 

The  siHnci,  which  are 
very  strong  and  bruichy, 
are  more  abundant  on 
the  trunk  than  on  the 
branches,  and  are  fr^ 
quently  found  in  bundlea. 


254  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM, 

The  leaves  are  bipinnate,  and  the  leaflets  are  elliptic  obtuse,  notched  on  the 
edges,  smooth,  sninine,  and  much  larger  than  those  of  any  other  species. 
{Detf,  Arb.,  ii.  p.  248.)  The  pods  are  rarely  above  6  in.  long.  The  tree 
stands  the  cold  better  than  the  noney  locust,  and  has  ripened  its  fruit  in  Paris, 
in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  in  the  nursery  of  M.  Uels.  {Diet,  det  JEatix  et 
det  Forets,  vol.  ii.  p.  150.) 

f  4.  G.  (s.)  MACRACA^NTHA  Desf,    The  long-spined  Gleditschia. 

IdentifieaUKm.    Detf.  Arbi,  9L  p.  M6, ;  DoQ*t  MiU.,  a.  p.  4S8. 
Sunonirmet.    G.  Arox  Bamdr,  \  F^Tier  I  grocaes  B'pinet,  Fr. 
Engrating,    The  plate  of  thl«  species  in  ArU  Brit,  1st  edit.,  voL  t. 

Spec,  Char,^  Sfc,  Prickles  strong,  branchy,  numerous.  Leaflets  lanceolate, 
somewhat  rigid,  notched,  dentated.  Pods  elongated.  {Detf,  Arb,)  A 
middle-sizod  tree,  with  a  prickly  trunk.  China  ?.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft. 
Flowers  greenish ;  June  and  July 

The  prickles  are  axillary  and  large.  The  leaves  are  twice  winged;  the 
leaflets  large,  coriaceous,  dark  green,  and  shining  on  the  upper  surface.  The 
young  shoots  are  covered  with  extremely  short  hairs,  and  are  of  a  purplish 
brown  colour.  On  the  whole,  it  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  G.  sinensis,  of 
which  it  is,  probably,  only  a  variety.  It  is  very  hardy ;  and  Desfontaines  says 
that  it  fruits  freely  m  France.  The  fruit  ripens  in  the  autumn ;  and  the  pods 
are  long,  pendulous,  swelled,  and  rather  cylindrical.  They  are  filled  with  a 
sharp  acria  pulp,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  tamarinds,  but  the  emanations 
from  whicS,  when  inhaled,  occasion  sneezing. 

t  5,  G.  (s.)  FB^ROX  Desf,    The  ferocious^nc^M  Gleditschia. 

Identification,    Desf.  Arb.,  9.  p.  847. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  42S. 
Stmonymet.    O.  orlentUis  Botci  Finer  bdrlssi,  Fr. 
Engravings    OvatJ^,      .in  p. 

Spec,  Ckar,^  Sfc,  Prickles  lai^  robust,  much  compressed,  trifid*  Leaflets 
lanceolate,  notched.  {Detf,  Arb,) 

A  middle-sized  branchinff  deciduous  tree,  the  trunk  of  which  is  thickly  beset 
with  strong;  branchy  priddes,  and  which  is  supposed  to  grow  from  30  ft.  to 
50  ft.  in  height ;  but  of  which  the  native  country,  and  year  of  introduction 
into  Britain,  are  unknown.  Judging  from  the  plants  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 
and  those  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  we  should  say  it  was  only 
a  variety  of  G.  sm^nsis;  though  Desfontaines  states  the  foliage  and  habit  of 
growth  to  be  somewhat  different.     It  has  not  yet  flowered  in  Europe. 

t  6.  G.  CA^spiCA  Deif,    The  Caspian  Gleditschia. 

Idenlifleation,    Desf.  Arb.,  3.  p.  847.  s  Don's  MUl.,  S.  p.  428^ 
&unof^fme*    O.  caspitoa  Bote, 
Engraving.    Otujig.  417. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  slender,  trifid,  compressed. 
Leaflets  elliptic-lanceolate,  obtuse.  (Detf,  Arb,)  A 
middle-sized  tree  Persia,  and  found  also  near  the  Cas- 
pian Sea.   Height30  ft.  to  40  ft.   Introduced  in  1822. 

Nothing  is  known  of  its  flowers  and  fruit ;  but  it 
strongly  resembles  G.  sinensis  (of  which  it  is,  probably, 
only  a  variety)  in  its  leaves,  general  appearance,  and 
habit. 

Varieli^, 

i  G.c,  2  suboirejeens  Hurt.,  Fevier  verdatre,  Fr.,  is  mentioned  in  the 
JSoH  Jardtnier  for  1836,  as  a  variety  of  this  species. 

OtJier  SorU  ofGledUtckm,^'Eyery  modification  of  the  species  of  this  genus 
is  so  interesting,  both  in  point  of  the  elegance  of  its  foliage,  and  the  singularity 
of  its  prickles,  that  new  varieties  have  been  eagerly  sought  after  by  cultivators ; 
and  the  genus  seems  particularly  favourable  to  this  desire,  from  the  tendency 
of  seedling  plants  to  sport.    Hence  there  are  several  names  in  collections,  of 


417.    G.cAtplca. 


XXV.    LEOUMlNA^CEiB  :    GYMNO'CLADUS.  255 

which  it  is  difficult  to  say  any  tiling  satisfactory  in  the  present  young  and  im- 
mature state  of  the  plants.  In  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  there  were  in  1837 
G.  nacracdniha^  G,  Boqui,  and  G,  prw^cox ;  and  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  arbo- 
retum were  plants  marked  G,  aquatica^  which  are  evidently  the  same  as  G. 
monosperma,  G,  orientdUs,  evidently  G.  firox,  G,  ckinStuU  (ahready  mentioned) ; 
and  some  young  plants  without  names. 

Genus  XXI. 


Engrofrimgs,    Rdch.  liag*B  t.  40. ;  Doh.'  Arb.,  1. 108. ;  our  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ut  edit., 


GYMNO'CLADUS  Lam,    Thb  Gtmnocladus.     Lin.  Syst.  Dioecia 

Dec&ndria. 

JdetUifieaHon.    Lam.  Diet.,  I.  p.  738w  i  III.,  t.  823. ;  Dec  Prod.,  S.  p.  479. 

DerHnUwn,    From  gmmtot,  naked,  and  kladot,  a  branch  ;  from  tlie  naked  appeal ancc  of  the  branches 
daring  winter,  when  they  seem,  unlets  perbjqjw  at  the  points  of  the  shoots,  totally  devoid  of  buds. 

Gei^  Char,  Flowen  dioecious  firom  abortion.  Calyx  tubular,  5-cleft.  Fetalt 
5,  equal,  oblong,  exserted  from  the  tube.  Stamens  10,  enclosed.  Legume 
oblong,  thick,  filled  with  pulp  inside.  (Don^t  Mill,) 

Leaves  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  bipinnate.  Flowers 
in  terminal  racemes,  white. -^  A  tree^  deciduous,  with  upright  branches  and 
inconspicuous  buds  ;  native  of  North  America. 

IE  1.  G.  canadb'nsis  Lam.     The  Canada  Gymnocladus,  or  Kentucky 

Coffee  Tree. 

Jdemtifieaiiom,    Ijua.  Dict~  1.  p.  73S.,  and  111.,  t.  828. ;  Hichx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  2.  p.  241. ;  Dec. 
Prod.,  2.  p.  480. ;  Don's  MUL.  2.  p.  429. 

Sifnomymet,    Gullandlna  dioica  Lin,  Sp.  646. ;  Hyperanthdra  dioica  Fakl  Symb.  1.  p.  Si.,  Duh. 
Arb.  1. 1. 108. ;  Nicker  Tree,  Stump  Tree,  United  States-^  Bonduc,  Chiquier,  Fr.i  Chicot,  Ca- 
nadian ;  Canaalscher  Schusserbram,  Ger, 
'ngra9ing$,    Rdch.  T' 
Tol.  ▼. ;  and  our  fig 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Branches  blunt  at  the  tip,  bipinnate  leaves,  flowers  in  ra- 
cemes, and  whitisb  petals.  The  leaf  has  4—7  pinnae ;  the  lower  of  which 
consist  each  o(  but  a  single  leaflet,  the  rest  eacn  of  6—8  pairs  of  leaflets. 
(^Dec  ProtL)  A  singular  tree.  Canada.  Hdght  30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  1748.  rlowers  white;  May  to  July.  Decaying  leaves  yellow.  Naked 
young  wood  of  a  mealy  white,  without  any  appearance  of  buds. 

The  branches  have  almost  always  an  upright  direction ;  and  the  appearance 
of  the  head,  in  the  winter  season,  is  remarKable,  from  being  fastigiate,  and  from 
the  points  of  the  branches  being  few,  and  thick  and  blunt,  as  compared  with 
those  of  almost  every  other  tree.  They  are  also  wholly  without  the  ap- 
pearance of  buds ;  and  this  latter  circumstance,  connected  with  the  former, 
gives  the  tree,  during  winter,  the  appearance  of  being  dead ;  and  hence  the 
Canadian  name  of  chicot,  or  stump  tree.  The  leaves,  on  young  thriving  trees, 
are  3ft.  long,  and  20  in.  wide;  but,  on  trees  nearly  full  grown,  they  are  not 
half  that  size.  The  leaflets  are  of  a  dull  bluish  green,  and  the  branches  of 
the  petioles  are  somewhat  of  a  violet  colour.  It  is  very  hardy,  and  flowers 
freely  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  but  does  not  produce  pods.  The 
wood  is  hard,  compact,  strong,  tough,  and  of  a  fine  rose  colour.  In  America, 
it  is  used  both  in  cabinet-making  and  carpentry,  and,  like  the  wood  of  the 
robinia,  it  has  the  remarkable  property  of  rapidlv  converting  its  sap-wood  into 
heart-wood ;  so  that  a  trunk  6  in.  in  diameter  has  not  more  than  six  lines  of 
sap-wood,  and  may,  consequently,  be  almost  entirely  employed  for  useful  pur- 
poses. The  seeds  were,  at  one  time,  roasted  and  ground  as  a  substitute  for 
coflee  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee;  but  their  use  in  this  way  has  been  lone 
since  discontinued.    The  pods,  preserved  like  those  of  the  tamarind  (to  which 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANN 


this  genua  w  aearif  allied),  are  laid  to  be  wholeaome,  aud  ili^tly  aperienl. 
In  Britain,  the  onlj  use  of  the  tree  ii  for  oraunental  purposes ;  and,  con- 
sidered as  an  object  of  curiositj  and  beauty,  no  collection  ought  to  be  wiihout 
it.  A  rich,  deep,  free  soil  is  essential  to  the  thrivii^  of  this  tree ;  and  such  a 
soil  is  never  met  with  naturally  in  exposed  situations.  The  tree  is  generally 
propagated  by  imported  seeds;  but  it  will  grow  freely  from  cuttings  of  the 
roots,  care  bei:^  taken  in  planting  to  keep  that  end  upwards  which  is  na- 
turelly  ao. 

Genus  XXII. 


a 


CS'RCIS  L.    Thb  Judai  Trbb.    Lm.  Sjwf.  Deeindria  Monog^nia. 

/dnUAtcoMm.    LIB.  Oil,  Mo.  IIB.  i  Dsc  Pro 


1.  p.  SI*,  i  Ddb-s  HtU,  1.  p,  M 


Frm  ttrttt,  •  •hutilMOCk,  Ibe  una  iItbi  tit  ThnfbuMtat  u  Ukii  m*. 
Gat.  Char,     Calyx  urceolale  at  the  base  and  gibbous,  bluntlj'  ^toothed  al 


„  ir  side  petals  the  largest.  Slam^tu  10,  free,  uneinial.  Oi>ary  on 
a  short  stipe.  Legume  oblong,  slender,  compressed,  l-ceQed,  many-seeded, 
somewhat  winged  on  the  seminiferous  suture.  Setdt  oborate.  (Uoh'i 
Mill.) 


XXT.    LEOUMINACK£:    CE'RCIS.  257 

Leaoa  ninple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduoiM ;  hean-shaped  at  the  base, 
mauj-nerved,  rising  after  the  tiawera  have  decaved.  Flotueri  in  1-flowered 
pedicels,  rising  from  the  trunk  and  branches  in  (esdcles. — Trees,  deciduous, 
of  the  third  rank ;  natives  of  Europe,  or  North  America.  Decaying  leaves 
ydlowish  purple.     Propagated  by  leeda  or  grafting, 

T   1,  C,  5iLiqUA'sTRVM  L,     The  cotamon  Judas  Tree. 

IdtMSIfaim.    LiD.  8p..U4.i  Dec.  Prod,  3.  p-SIS,  i  Don'iMm..  1.  p.  ta. 

Sgmiiima.    saiatttMram  oiUcuUtum  Mcmc*  MrU. ;  Lon  Tr»  i  Calnler  eanmun,  Arbn  d* 

Jud&.  Fr.  i  Arbol  d'AiDoc,  An.  |  JiuUiliiuiii.  Oct. 
XitrrarMzi.    N.  Dd  Hud.,  l  T.  ;  Bot.  Uig<il- 1128.;  tha  plilw  ot  thU  tpecln  in  Arb.  Brll.,  lit 

Spec.  Char^  Sfc.  Leaves  very  obtuse,  and  wholly  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  in  Greece,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  and  more  es* 
pedally  in  Judea.  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
purpli^  pink ;  May,  L^ume  brown ;  ripe  in  September,  Naked  young 
wood  purplish,  with  small  white  spots. 

■  C.  S.  S  partifldrvm  Dec  —  A  shrub ;  its  branches  spotted  with  white, 
its  Rowers  smaller  by  half  than  those  of  the  species.  A  native  of 
Bokham. 

9  C.  S.  SJldre  iAido.— Flowers  whidsh.     H.  S. 

T  C.  S.  1  ratca.  —  A  seedling,  nused  ftom  foreign  seeds,  which  has 
flowered  in  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Kew;  has  numerous  flowers, 
which  are  brighter,  and  a  shade  darker,  than  those  of  the  species; 
and  they  also  ap[>ear  about  a  fortni^t  later;  but  it  is,  perhaps, 
hardly  worth  noticing  as  a  variety. 


Hie  common  Judas  tree,  in  the  South  of  Burope,  forms  a  handsome  low 
tree,  with  a  Bat  spreading  head,  in  the  form  of  a  parasol;  and  it  is  a  singularly 


2&8  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETDH   BRITANNICUH. 

beautiful  object  in  spring,  especially  wben  it  in  eorered  with  its  numerous  bright 
purplish  pink  flowers,  which  appear  before  the  leaves,  and  are  produced  not 
only  rrom  the  foung  wood,  but  Irom  wood  of  6  or  S  years  growth,  and  even 
from  the  trunk.  Tne  leaves  are  not  liable  to  be  attacked  by  insects.  The 
flowers  are  succeeded  by  flat,  thin,  brown  pods,  nearly  6  in.  in  length,  whid 
remain  on  the  tree  all  the  year,  and  give  it  a  very  singular  iippearance  in  the 
winter  season.  The  rate  of  growth  is  about  IB  iu.  a  year,  for  the  first  lOyeara. 
The  wood  is  very  hard,  and  agreeably  veined,  or  rather  blotched  or  waved, 
with  bkick,  green,  and  yellow  spots,  on  a  grey  ground.  It  takes  a  beautiful 
polish,  and  wd^hs  nearly  48  lb.  to  the  cubic  Foot.  The  flowers,  which  have 
an  agreeable  acid  taste,  are  mixed  with  salads,  or  fried  with  batter,  as  fritters  ; 
and  the  flower-buds  are  pickled  in  vin^ar.  In  British  gardens,  the  tree  grows 
about  the  same  height,  and  flowers  about  the  same  time,  as  the  laburnum,  the 
Guelder  rose,  and  tbe  hawthorn,  and  enters  into  beautiful  combination  with 
these  and  other  trce^  The  foliage  is  hardly  leu  beautiful  and  remarkable  than 
the  flowers  ;  the  leaves  being  of  a  pale  bluish  green  on  the  upper  surface  ;  and 
of  a  sea-green  underneath,  and  of  a  cordate  reniform  shape,  apparently  cod- 
siating  of  two  leaflets  joined  together;  which  circumstance,  combined  with 
others,  brin^  the  genus  in  close  ^tiance  with  that  of  Bauhiniii.  Like  most  of 
the  Legumm&cete,  this  tree  prefers  a  deep,  free,  sandy  soil,  rich  rather  than 
poor;  and  it  will  only  thrive,  and  become  a  handsome  tree,  in  sheltered  utua- 
tions.  Tn  tbe  northern  parts  of  the  island,  it  requires  to  be  planted  against  a 
wall;  and  few  ornamental  trees  better  deserve  such  a  situation.  The  speoes 
is  propagated  by  seeds,  and  the  varieties  by  grafting.  The  seeds  are  sown  on 
heat  early  in  spring,  and  come  up  the  same  season  -,  and  the  plants  will  produce 
flowers  in  three  or  four  years. 


The  Canada  Judas  Tree. 


Slllqi^i 
Bouuiii  roun,  FT- 
Eiwra>»v''     "HI.  I( 


xxvi.  rosa'ceje.  259 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c»  Leaves  acuminate,  villose  beneath  at  the  axils  of  the  veins. 
As  compiued  with  C.  jSiliquastrum,  its  flowers  are  of  a  paler  rose  colour, 
the  l^ume  is  on  a  longer  pedicel,  and  tipped  with  a  longer  style.  A  low 
tree.  Canada  toViiginia.  {Dec,  Prod.)  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introd.  1730. 
Flowers  red ;  May  and  June. ;  Legume  brown ;  ripe  in  August. 

Variety. 

?  C.  c.  ptibescens  Ph.  —  Leaves  pubescent  on  the  under  sur&ce.  (Dec.) 

This  tree  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  preceding  species ;  but  it  is 
more  slender  and  smaller  in  all  its  parts ;  and  it  seldom  rises  higher  than  80 
feet  It  is  at  once  distinguished  from  C.  5iliau&strum  by  its  leaves  being 
heart^haped  and  pointed ;  they  are  also  jnuch  tninner,  more  veined,  and  of  a 
lighter  green ;  and  the  flowers  are  generally  produced  in  smaller  numbers 
thui  in  the  other  species.  The  flowers  are  used  by  the  French  Canadians  in 
salads  and  pickles,  and  the  youne  branches  to  dye  wool  of  a  nankeen  colour. 
The  wood  resembles  that  of  the  other  species.  Propagated  by  imported 
seeds,  and  considered  more  tender  than  C.  5iliquAstrum. 


Order  XXVI.    iJOSA^CEiE. 

The  term  Roskcea  has  been  applied  to  this  order,  because  all  the  species 
belonging  to  it  agree  more  or  less  with  the  genus  Rdsa,  in  essential  cnarac- 
ters.    It  includes  many  genera  belonging  to  the  Linnaean  class  Icosindria. 

Ord.  Char.  Flowers  regular.  Co/^jr,  in  most  cases,  with  5  lobes,  the  odd  one 
posterior  to  the  axis  of  inflorescence.  Petalt  and  ttamens  arising  from  the 
calyx.  Stamens,  for  the  most  part,  numerous.  Ovaries  many,  several,  or 
solitary ;  each  of  one  ceU  that  includes,  in  most  cases,  1  ovule ;  in  some, 
1  to  many  ovules.     Style  lateral  or  terminal. 

Leaves  sunple,  or  pinnately  divided,  alternate,  in  nearly  all  stipulate. 
Flowers  showy,  with  numerous  stamens.  Frtdt^  in  many  of  the  genera,  edible. 
— Trees  and  shrubs,  mostly  deciduous;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  ligneous  species  which  constitute  this  order  include  the  finest  flower- 
ing shrub  in  the  world,  the  rose;  and  the  trees  which  produce  the  most 
useful  and  agreeable  fruits  of  temperate  climates,  viz.  the  apple,  the  pear,  the 
plum,  the  cherry,  the  apricot,  the  peach,  and  the  nectarine.  The  plants  are, 
for  the  most  part,  decicmous  low  trees  or  shrubs,  all  producing  flowers  more 
or  less  showy  ;  and  the  greater  number  fruits  which  are  edible.  They  are 
chiefly  natives  of  Europe  and  Ana  ;  but  several  of  them  are  also  found  in 
North  America,  and  some  in  South  America,  and  the  North  of  Africa.  The 
fruit-bearing  species,  and  the  rose,  have  followed  man  from  the  earliest  period 
of  civilisation,  and  are,  perhaps,  better  known  to  mankind  in  general  than  any 
other  ligneous  plants.  The  medical  properties  of  several  of  the  species  are 
remarkable,  from  the  circumstance  of  tneir  yielding  the  prussic  acid ;  while 
others  produce  a  gum  nearly  allied  to  the  gum  Arabic,  which  indicates  a 
degree  of  affinity  between  this  order  and  Legumin^cesc.  The  bark  of  some 
species,  as  of  C^rasus  viiviniina,  is  used,  in  North  America,  as  a  febrifuge  ; 
and  that  of  others,  as  uie  capoUm  cherry  (C^rasus  CapoUin),  for  tanning, 
in  Mexico.  The  leaves  of  Cratae'gus  Oxyacdntha,  Prunus  spindsa,  Cerasus 
sylv^tris,  and  R^ba  rubigindsa,  have  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  tea,  or  for 
adulterating  tea.  The  leaves  and  bark  of  the  spirseas  are  said  to  be  at  once 
astringent  and  emetic.  There  are  two  characteristics  of  this  order,  with 
reference  to  its  cultivation,  which  are  of  great  importance  to  the  gardener : 
the  first  is,  the  liability  of  almost  all  the  species  to  sport,  and  produce 
varieties  diflering,  in  many  cases,  more  from  one  another,  than  they  differ 
firom  other  species ;  and  the  second  is,  that  they  are  remarkably  subject  to 

s  2 


260  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

the  attacks  of  insects  and  diseases.  They  almost  ail  require  a/ree  loamy  soil, 
not  overcharged  with  moisture,  and  rich  rather  than  poor ;  and,  while  ail  the 
species  are  increased  by  seeds,  which,  for  the  most  part,  are  produced  freely  in 
Britain,  or  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  almost  all  the  varieties  are  best  increased 
by  grufHuff  or  budding ;  and  not,  as  in  some  other  orders,  with  equal  ease  by 
cuttings  of  the  shoots,  or  by  layers. 

With  reference  to  landscape-gardening,  all  the  rosaceous  trees  have  three 
properties  which  deserve  to  be  kept  constantly  in  view  by  the  improver  of 
grounds :  1st,  they  never  attain  a  lai^  size ;  2d,  they  attain  their  natural  size 
and  shape  in  a  very  few  years,  in  good  soil  not  requiring  more  than  from 
10  to  20  years;  and  3il,  they  sooner  take  the  character  of  old  trees  than  the 
trees  of  any  other  natural  order  of  ligneous  plants.  A  few  exceptions  may  be 
taken  from  different  orders,  such  as  the  common  fieki  maple,  the  common 
laburnum,  &c. ;  but  we  know  of  no  natural  order,  in  which,  hke  the  RoekceaR, 
all  the  trees  are  low  or  middle-sized,  and  all  take  the  character  of  age  while 
comparatively  young.  Hence  their  value  in  laying  out  small  places,  where 
the  object  is  to  make  a  new  place  appear  old,  or  a  small  place  appear  larger 
and  at  the  same  time  to  combine  character  of  form  with  beautiful  blossoms 
in  spring,  and  showy  (Cratse^gus,  Cotonc&ster,  and  Ameldnchier)  ov  useful 
(Pyrus  and  /^nus)  fruit  in  autumn. 

The  genera  are  included  by  DeCandolle  and  G.  Don  in  five  tribes ;  and  the 
following  are  their  names  and  distinctions :  — 

Sect.  L      i4llYGDA^LE£  JUM, 

Sect,  Char,  Fruit  a  drupe ;  the  nut  2-ovuled,  I — ^2-seeded.  Style  terminal. 
Calyx  deciduous.  Leaves  feather-nerved,  undivided,  serrate,  with  the 
lower  serratures  or  the  petioles  glanded.  Stipules  not  attached  to  the 
petiole.  Kernel  containing  more  or  less  of  nydroc^-anic  acid :  chieffy 
fruit  trees. 

i^uv'GDALUS  Toum.    Covering  of  nut  not  fleshy ;  nut  even,  or  perforated 
Young  leaves  folded  flatwise.      Flowers  almost  sessile,  solitary  or  twin, 
protruded  before  the  leaves. 

Pb'rsica  Toum,  Covering  of  nut  very  fleshv ;  nut  wrinkled.  The-  charac- 
ters of  the  other  parts  described  under  ^mygdalus  are  the  same  in  Pteica. 

i^RUENrxcA  Towm,  Covering  of  nut  fleshy ;  nut  furrowed  at  both  edges,  in 
the  other  parts  even.  Young  leaves  with  their  edges  rolled  inwards. 
Flowers  almost  sessile,  solitary  or  a  few  together,  protruded  before  the 
leaves. 

PRU^NUS  Toum,  Covering  of  nut  fleshv ;  nut  indistinctly  furrowed  at  the 
edges,  in  the  other  parts  even.  Young  leaves  with  the  edges  rolled  inwards. 
Flowers  upon  pedicels,  in  groups  resembling  umbeb,  and  produced  before 
or  afler  the  leaves. 

Cb^rasus  JuMt,  Nut  subglobose,  even,  its  covering  fleshy.  Young  leaves 
folded  flatwise.  Flowers  upon  pedicels,  either  in  groups  resembling  umbels, 
and  produced  before  the  leaves,  or  in  racemes  terminal  to  the  shoots,  pro- 
truded along  with  them. 

Sect.  II.    S9iKME>JB,  Dec, 

Sect,  Char,  Fruit  of  5,  or  fewer,  capsular  carpels,  which  are  distinct  from 
the  calyx  (which  is  persbtent  in  S^irae^a,  and,  perhaps,  in  the  other 
genera),  and,  in  most  cases,  from  each  other :  each  contains  1^^  seeds. 
Style  terminal.    Low  deciduous  shrubs. 

Pu'rsh/^  Dec.     Stamens  about  20.    Carpels  1 — 2,  ovate-oblong. 
KB^Ril//4  Dec.     Stamens  about  20.     Carpels  5 — 8,  distinct. 
Sp\YLa^k  L.     Stamens  10 — 50.  Carpels  1  to  several,  distinct ;  stipitate ;  each 
includes  2 — 6  seeds,  affixed  to  the  inner  suture. 

Sect.  III.    PoTBNTi^LLRA  Juu,  (Synou.  Dry^deae  Veni,) 
Bed,  Char,    Fruit  an  aggregation  of  carpels;  their  integuments  dry  or 


XXVI.  ilOSA^CEiE  :    ^my'gdalus.  261 

succulent ;  the  carpels  distinct  from  one  another,  and  from  the  calyx, 
which  is  persistent,  and  surrounds  them,  and,  in  many,  is  subtencled 
by  as  many  bracteas  as  it  has  lobes ;  the  bracteas  alternate  with  the 
lobes.  Style  proceeding  from  a  little  below  the  tip  of  the  carpel.  Leaves, 
in  most  cases,  pinnately  divided.  Stipules  attached  to  the  petiole.  Shrubs 
bearing  fruit,  or  ornamental. 

i^u^BUs  L.    Int^^ments  of  carpels  juicy. 
PoTBNTi^LLA  Nettle    Intcguments  of  carpels  dry. 

Sect.  lY.    i^o^sBJE  Dec. 

Sect.  Char.  Fruit  a  hip ;  that  is,  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx  fleshy,  of  a 
pitcher  shape,  contracted  at  the  mouth  ;  and  including  an  aggregation  of 
carpels  attached  to  its  inner  face^  8tyle  proceeding  from  the  inner  side 
of  the  carpel.     Shrubs  eminently  ornamental. 

Bci^K  Toum,   Leaf  impari-pinnate.   Stipules  attached  to  the  petiole.  Prickles 

simple. 
LoVSii  LindL    Leaf  simple.     Stipules  none.    Prickles  usually  compound. 

Sect.  V.    Po^HBJB  Lmdl, 

Sect,  Char,  Fruit  a  pome  ;  that  is,  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx  become  very 
fleshy,  and  including,  and  connate  with,  the  carpels.  Carpels  normally  5, 
with  gristly  or  bony  walls,  including  1 — 2  seeds ;  in  C^ddnia,  several. 
Habit  spiny  or  not ;  leaves,  in  most  cases,  undivided,  in  some  pinnate. 
Stipules  not  connate  with  the  petiole.  Otnamental  low  trees,  or  large 
shrubs,  with  showy  flowers,  in  some  genera  spiny,  and  in  others  bearing 
some  of  our  best  hardy  kitchen  and  dessert  fruits. 

CsLATM^GVS  Undl,  Carpels  1 — 5  prismatic  nuts  with  bony  shells,  each  in- 
cluding 1  seed.  Leaves  angled  or  toothed^  in  most  cases  deciduous. 
Flowers  in  terminal  corymbs.     Spiny  shrubs  or  low  trees. 

Pboti'^nia  Lmdl,  Carpels  2.  Petals  reflexed.  Eveigreen.  Flowers  in  ter- 
minal panicles.  Leaves  simple,  leathery,  serrated  or  entire.  In  P.  itategri- 
iolia  tne  ovaries  are  3,  and  each  includes  2  ovules. 

Cotonea'ster  Medik.  Carpels  2 — 3 ;  ovules  2  in  each  cell.  Leaves  simple, 
entire,  woolly  beneath.    Flowers  in  lateral  spreading  corymbs. 

Amel^nchieb  Medik.  Ovaries  5,  each  divided  by  a  partition ;  ovules  I  in 
each  cell.  Ripe  pome  including  3 — 5  carpels.  Petals  lanceolate.  Small 
trees.    Leaves  simple,  serrate,  deciduous.    Flowers  in  racemes. 

3fE^spiLU8  Undl,  Carpels  2 — 5  compressed  nuts  with  bony  shells,  each  in- 
cluding I  seed.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  large, 
subsessile,  subsolitarv. 

/^^Rus  lAndl.  Carpels  5,  or  2 — 5.  Seeds  2  in  each  carpel.  Leaves  simple 
or  pinnate,  deciduous.    Flowers  in  spreading  terminal  cymes  or  corymbs. 

(TiTDO  NiA  Toum.    Carpels  5,  each  including  many  seeds. 


SecL  I.   ^myodaYe^  Juss» 
Genus  L 


Ul&J 


,    I 


■n 


iiMY'GDALUS  Toum,    The  Almond  Tree.    Lm,  Syst.  Icosandria 

Monog^nia. 

IJentifiealkm.   Toum.  iMt.,  t.  409.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  ?.  ^  aao. ;  Don's  Httl.,  2.  p.  483. 

S  3 


262  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUAT. 

^noi^fmes,    Amygda)6phora  Neck. ;  Amandler,  Fr. ;  Manddbaum,  Ger. ;  Mandorlo,  Ital. 
Derivation,    From  afnussd,  to  lacerate,  in  reference  to  the  flsiured  shell  orthe  nut.    Martlniiu  sua* 

pects  that  It  comes  fh>m  a  Hebrew  word  which  signifies  vigilant ;  becaosetts  early  flowers  announce 

the  return  of  spring. 

Gen,  Char,  Drupe  clothed  with  velvety  pubescence,  having  a  dry  rind,  which 
separates  irregularly,  containing  a  pitted  or  smooth  mitamen  or  nut.  (DorCs 

Mm,) 

Leaves  simple,  conduplicate  when  young,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous. 
Flowers  nearly  sessile,  usually  pink  or  rose  coloured,  rising  either  singly  or 
by  pairs  firom  the  scaly  buds,  earlier  than  the  leaves. —  Shrubs  or  trees  of  the 
middle  size,  deciduous.  Natives  of  the  North  of  Africa,  and  the  mountains 
of  Asia  ;  also  of  Russia,  and  the  Levant. 

The  fruit-bearing  species  are  cultivated  in  the  Bliddle  and  South  of  Europe 
and  the  Levant,  and  are  propa^ted  chiefly  by  grafting ;  and  the  others  by 
Rafting,  layers,  suckers,  or  cuttmgs  of  the  root.  The  almond  was  included 
by  Linnsus  in  the  si^me  genus  with  the  peach  and  nectarine,  of  both  of  which 
it  is,  doubtless,  the  parent,  as  trees  have  been  found  with  almonds  in  a 
state  of  transition  to  peaches,  and  with  both  peaches  and  nectarines  on  the 
same  branch. 

^  \,  A,  NA^NA  L,    The  dwar^  or  shrubby,  Almond. 

IdeiaificaUdn,    Lin.  Mant.,  396. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  t.  p.  6S0. ;  Doo*8  Mill.,  3.  p.  482. 

^nonymes,    Prdnus  Inftrmis  Gmel, ;  A.  niUia  Tar.  «  Tulglkris  Dee. ;  Amandier  naln,  Fr. ;  Zwerche- 

mandel,  Oer. ;  Feschino  della  China,  Ital. 
Engravingt.    Bot  Mag.,  t.  161. ;  N.  I>u  Ham.,  4.t.  80. ;  and  omjigi.  432, 42S. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-linear,  tapered  at  the  base,  serrated,  glabrous ; 
Flowers  solitary,  rose-colour^.  Cal^  cylindrically  bell-shaped.  Fruit  of  the 
same  shape  as  that  of  A,  commiknis,  but  much  smaller.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
deciduous  low  shrub.  Calmuc  Tartary,  very  frequent  on  the  banks  of  the 
Volga,  and  about  Odessa.  Heiffht  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1683* 
Flowers  rose  coloured ;  March  and  April. 

Varieties, 

ji  A.  n.  2  ge6raca  Dec.  A.  ge6rgica  Desf.  Arb.  2.  p.  221.,  and  Z^odd, 
Cat.  —  It  differs  from  the  species  in  having  the  lobes  of  the  calyx 
lanceolate,  and  as  long  as  its  tube ;  and  the  styles  only  tomentose  at 
the  base,  being  scarcely  so  there,  and  not  protruded.  A  native  of 
Georgia,  which  has  been  cultivated  in  the  Geneva  Botanic  Garden. 

M  A.  n.  3  campestris  Ser.  A.  camp^stris  Besser  Enum,  p.  46.  No.  H25., 
Ilort.  PI.  Attst.  2.  p.  2.,  and  Ijodd,  Cat, ;  A.  Besseriona  Schott  in  Cat, 
Hort,  Vindob,  1818,  and  Lodd,  CVr/.— L^ves 
broader.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Petals  narrower,  longer,  and  white.  Styles  to- 
mentose at  the  base.  The  form  of  the  nut,  ac- 
cording to  Besser,  is  various.  Supposed  to  be  a 
native  of  the  South  of  Podolia.  (Dec,  Prod,)  This 
variety  is  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  where  it 
was  raised  from  seeds  receiv^  from  Dr.  Fischer 
of  Petersburg. 

A  A.  n.  4  sibhica  Lodd.  Cat,  and  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab. 
1599.,  and  our^.  421.,  is  extant  in  some  British 
botanical  collections,  where  it  is  an  upri^t  shrub, 
about  6  ft.  high,  with  wand-like  shoots,  clothed 
with  fine,  long,  willow-like,  glossy,  serrate  leaves  ; 
on  accoimt  of  which,  and  its  upright  habit  of 
growth,  the  latter  being  different  from  that  c^  all 
the  other  species  and  varieties  of  almond,  it  is  va- 
luable in  every  collection  where  variety  of  cha- 
racter is  desired.    H.  S. 

4tl.   4.n.alblnca. 

All  the  different  forms  of  the  dwarf  almond  are  low  shrubs,  seldom  exceedincr 
2  or  3  feet  in  height.    The  leaves  bear  a  general  resemblance  to  those  of  some 


); 


XXVI.    JiOSA'CE* ;    ^Mll  ODALUa. 

of  the  species  of  willow,  but  are  of  i 
darker  and  more  shining  green,  at  le>u 
in  the  original  species.     The  stems  an 
not  of  long   duration;    but   the  plant   J 
throws  upabundance  of  tmvdiing suck- 
ers, by  which  it  is  continued  naturally, 
and  also  propagated.      It  is  comtnoil 
tbrou^  all  the  plains  of  Russia,  from  ( 
56°  N.  lat.  to  the  south  of  the  empire.  < 
.   la  British   gardeDs  it   is  valuable  on 
J  account  of  Its  early  flowering,  the  grace- 
fulness of  the  slender  twigs,  on  which 
its   flowers    are   produced   before   the 
leaves  appear,  and  of  its  easy  culture  in  ^^ 

in.  A.^xt.  any  dry  soil.  Its  fruit  resembles  that  of        ,a.  .i.oua. 

jf.  communis,  butismuch  smaller,  and 
rarely  seen  in  England.     The  plant,  which  is  usuallj  called  the  dwarf  double- 
blossomed  almond  in  British  gardens,  is  Cfrasus  janomcs  fidre  pKno,  or,  u  it 
is  fl^uently  named  in  the  nurseries,  jlm^gdalus  pOmila. 

M  8,  A.  imca'ni  Pall.     The  hoary  duwn/ Almond. 

na.  Bo«.,   I.  p.  IS.  1    BmlA  FL  GrK.,  t.  W.  ;  Don't 
IffiL  ;  Hail.  In  BoC.  R*t.,  1019,  t.  W. 
t,  sOat  vnr.  LhAiu  GuUmiiait,  sod  Art.  BrU.  lit  «tiL 

4TT.  j  DM.  K((.,  ISn, 

I.  aa.;  aso  out  A- 4S4. 

Spa:.  Char.,  S(c,  Leaves  oboTate  sorated,  clothed  with 
white  tomentum  beneath.  Flower*  solitary.  Drupe 
compressed,  pubescent.  (Don'i  MiU.)  A  low  decidu- 
ous shrub.  Caucasus  and  the  Levant,  between  Smyrna  J 
andBuraa.  Hei^t  2ft.  to  3ft.  Introduced  in  1815.  f 
Flowers  red;  Btarcb  and  April. 
Readilyknown&om^.n^eby  its  leaves  being  covered 

with  hoariness  beneath.     Increased  by  budding  on   ''  ~ 

J  3.  A.  cohhi^'nis  L.     The  common  Almond  Tree. 


n.  ^^. 
~our"A.^.  '  '  '  '  '  " 

^tec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrulate.  Flowers  solitniy. 
Calyx  of  a  bell-shape.  Fiuit  compressed,  and  mther  ^g  shaped.  (ZJec. 
Prod.)  A  middle-sized  deciduous  tree.  Mauritania,  and  m  the  mountain- 
ous parts  of  Asia.  Height  soft,  to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1536.  Flowers 
white  or  rose-coloured  ;  March  aud  April.  Drupe  brownish  ;  ripe  in  Oc- 
tober. In  fine  season*  the  fruit  ripens  on  standards  as  far  north  as  Derby, 
and  OD  walla  at  Edinburgh. 

¥  A.  e.  1  amara  Dec,  T%t  bitter  Abaoni.  Amandieramer,  Fr. ;  gemeine 
Mandelbaum,  Ger.  — Flowers  large.  Petals  pale  pink,  with  a  tinge 
of  rose  colour  at  the  base.  Styles  nearly  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
and  tomentose  in  the  lower  part.  Seeds  bitter.  There  are  two 
forms  of  the  bitter  almond ;  one  with  a  hard  shell,  and  the  other 
with  a  brittle  one.  The  tree  is  cultivated  in  the  South  of  France, 
in  Austria,  in  Italy,  in  Ureece,  &c.,  for  its  fruit,  which  is  preferred 
for  some  purposes  in  medicine  and  in  domestic  economy  to  that  of 
the  sweet  almond,  particularly  for  givinz  a  flavour  ;  and  for  stocks 
for  grafting  the  other  varieties  on,  and  the  peach,  apricot,  and  even 
the  plum.  Bitter  almonds  arc  ^crally  mixed  with  sweet  ones,  in 
very  small  proportions,  for  making  blancmange,  &c. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITANKICUM. 


longer 


t  A.  c.  a  dukit  Dec,  Lam.  111.  t.  430.     2Tte  ti 

k  petits  Fruits,  Amande  douce,  Fr.;  austi 

171 itnided  earlier  than 

Fruit  c)VBte.compresB«d,  s 
.  Kernel  sweet-flavoured.     Cultivated  in  the  same  places  as  tbe 

preceding  sort,  and  generally  propagated  hy  grafting  standard  bigh  on 

the  bitter  almond,  or  an^  Btrong-growing  seedlii^  almonds,  in  order 

to  make  sure  of  the  fruit  bang  sireeL 
T  A.C.3  Jtore  plaio  Baum.  Cat  has  double  flowers. 
7  A.  e.  4  fiiiat  variegdtit  Baum-  Cat  has  veric^ted  leaves. 
y  A.  c.  5fifgUu  Ser.,  Dec  Prod.  2.  p.  531.    A.  frigilis  Hra.  I.  p.  500. ; 

Amandier  des  Dames,  -V.  Du  Ham.  4.  p.  11 3.,  Kouette  Jam.  Fnat. 

p.  1.  ;  Coque  moUe,  Amandier  &  Coque  tendre,  J^r.  i  Abellan,  Fro- 

vence. — Flowers  protruded  at  the  same  time  as  the  leaves,  and  of  a 

sweet-flavoured.  Cultivated  for  its  fruit. 
T  A.  c.  6  macrocarpa  Ser.,  Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  £31.  Amandier  i  groa 
Fruits,  A^.Z>u//(nn,  4.p.  IIS.,  NmiclteJard.Fndi.^.'l.;  Amandier 
Sultane,  Amandier  des  Dames,  Amandier  Hstache,  Fr, —  Leaves 
broader,  acuminate,  scarcely  grey.  Peduncles  short,  turgid.  Flowera 
of  a  very  pale  rose  colour,  large,  protruded  before  the  leaves.  Petals 
broadly  ubcordate,  waved.  Fruit  large,  umbilicate  at  the  base,  acu> 
minaCe  at  the  tip ;  shell  hard,  lliere  are  two  Kubvarieties,  one  with 
the  fruit  rather  smaller,  called,  commonly,  in  France,  Amandier  Sul- 
tane; and  another,  with  the  fruit  atill  smgdlcr,  called  there  Amandio' 
Pistache;  the  kernels  of  both  of  which  nre  considered  remarkably 
deHcate,  and  are  preferred  for  the  table.  The  flowers  of  this  variety 
lire  always  produced  earlier  than  those  of  any  other;  and  the  kern^ 
of  the  fruit  are  alwavs  sweet.  In  British  gardens,  the  A.  c.  ma«o- 
cirpa  has  much  tlic  largest  flowera  of  any  of  the  varieties.     It  is  a 


xxTi.  aoBA^CEX :  pe'rsica.  2(t5 

Tigoroui  lai^e  tree,  of  rapid  growtli,  Bomewbat  more  fasligiate  than 
the  ipedes. 
t  A.  c.  7  ptriicaidei  Ser.,  Dec.  I^txl.  2.  p.  531     AmHndier-Pecher,  AT. 
Du  Ham.  4.  p.  I]4.,  N<nietle  Jard,  FhiU.  p  7.  —  Leaves  Bimilar  to 
those  of  the  peach  tree.     Fruit  ovate,  obtuse  ;  its  busk  slightly  suc- 
culent ;  the  BDell  of  a  yellowish  dark  colour,  and  the  kemei  Bweet> 
flavoured.    Du  Hamel  has  stated  that  its  fruits  vary  upoD  the  same 
branch,  from  ovate,  obtuBe,  with  the  busk  rather  fleBby,  to  ovate, 
compreased,  acuminate,  and  the  husk  dry.     Cultivated  in  France  and 
Italy  for  its  fruit,  but  rarelj  found  in  Bnlish  eardcnB. 
Other  VarieAa.     The  almond,  considered  as  a  fruit  tree,  hainven  rise  to 
some  other  varieties,  which  will  be  found  treated  of  at  length  in  I^ncb  works 
on  gardening,  in  tbe  Koimeait  Du  Hamet,  and  the  Notmeau  Court  ^Agriculture. 
There  are  severa]  varieties  of  the  almond  in  cultivation  on  the  Continent 
for  their  fruit ;  and  two  or  three  in  this  country,  partly  for  the  same  purpose, 
but  chiefly  fur  their  flowers.     The  common  almond,  in  a  wild  state,  is  found 
sometimes  with  the  kernels  bitter,  and  at  other  times  with  them  sweet ;  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  Qu6rcus  bispinica,  which,  in   Spain,  though  it  gene- 
rally bears  sweet  and  edible  scorns,  yet  sometimes  produces  only  such  as  are 
tutter.    For  this  reason,  in  the  case  of  the  almond,  instead  of  giving  one  form 
as  the  spedes,  we  have  followed  DeCandolle,  and  described  both  the  bitter 
and  the  sweet  almond  separately,  either  of  which  may  be  considered  as  the 
species,  and  classed  them  with  tbe  varieties. 

a  4.  A.  oribnta'us  Ait.     The  Eastern  Almond  Tree. 
IilttafMetlilm.    Alt.  Hoit.  Km.,  id.  1. 1.  p.  let.,  td.  S.  S.  p.  IW.  i  Dk.  Prcd.,  3.  p.  UO.  -,  Don't 

Mlirri.  p.  4S»- 
Snumwtr.    A.TttatrtLim>.Dkt.l.p.llU.,N.DtiHam.».-p.lll. 
Emgrar/mp.    Lcdd.  BM.  Cut.,  t.  lltT.  ;  und  our  .V' <^ 

^lec.  Char,,  ^c.  Imperfectly  evergreen.  Branches 

and  leaves  clothed  with  a  silvery  tomentuoi ; 

petiole  of  the  leaf  short,  the  disk  lanceolate 

and  entire.     Flowers  rose-coloured,  and  rather 

longer  than  those   of  A.  nikna.     Calyx   cylin 

drically  bell-shaped.    Fruit  tipped  with  a  point. 

{Dec.  Prod.)     A  tall  shrub  or  low  tree.     Le- 

Tant.     Height  8  (I.  to  10  ft. ;    and,  according 

to  Bosc,  15  ft.  to  soft.    Introduced  in  1756. 

Flowers  rose-coloured;  March  and  April. 

Very  striking,  from  the  hoan,  or  rather  silvery, 
appearance  of  its  leaves  ;  and  it  makes  a  hand-  ^^  ^  t^wiuu. 

some  plant  when  budded  Btandanl  high  on  the 

coBunon  almond  or  the  plum.  It  flowers  much  less  freely  than  the  common 
almond ;  not  with  standing  which,  it  well  deserves  a  place  in  collections,  on 
account  of  its  fine  silvery  foliage. 


PE'RSICA  Toum.    Tbb  Psach  Tkbe.    ZAn.  Sytt.  Icosindria  Monog^oia. 

nil.  Dirt,  ipet  n.  Fr.,  < 


LD«t,.I.  UU.  ;  Kill.  J/ICl.  ;  l«c.  ri.  tw.,ni.i  uun  ■  miij.,  a.  p.  vu. 

HI  ip.  of  Lin.  ud  loM.  I  Tikboctipiu  aVc^  Sltm.  Vo.  ?1B.  I  Pteba,  fV.  i 
JtofISS5J!"Br™iJ'lroniUiopwchl!omlDgorlglnilljrniniiVri/a.    . 

Gen,  Char.     Drupe  fleshy,  wiib  ft  glabrous  or  velvety  apicaip,  and  baring  the 
putanien  wrinkled  from  irregular  furrows.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leaua  simple,  alternate,  Hipulaie,  deciduous ;  conduplicate  when  young. 


266  ARBORETUM   ET    FBUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 

Flotoert  almoBt  Beanie,  solitary,  or  twin,  ruing  from  the  scaly  budi  earlier 
than  [lie  leaves. — Tree,  itedduouB,  beneath  the  middle  size,  and  not  of  long 
duration.     Persia. 


The  peach  and  the  nectarine  are  by  some  botanists  made  distinct  species; 
but  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  thdr  bdng  only  varieties  of  one  kind,  which 
kind  u  itsdf  nothing  more  than  an  improved  or  fleshy  almond ;  the  almond 
being  to  the  peach  and  nectarine  what  die  crab  is  to  the  triple,  end  the  sloe  to 
the  plum. 

1   I.  P.  TULOi'Ris  MUL     The  common  Peach  Tree. 
UtntHlaukm.    Mill.  Diet,,  No.  1. ;  D«.  Prod,.  1  p.  Ml.  i  Dop'i  MHL,  a._p.  Ml 
SvKnw«"-  Aiatgiiiia  Mnln  CAl  At.  6TT.  :  Ftchc  duictsuH,  Ft. ;  PBrKha.  Oir. 
Strmhigi.    triluHim,  I.  t-S.ifioli.iird.Fnilt.lcDa.illw|>Utto(IbU  tne  Id  Arb.  BrlL. 


.       ,   Cultirated  in  1562,  or  probably  long  before. 
Flowers  rose-coloured ;  March  and  April.     Fruit  red  and  yellow ;  ripe  in 
September. 
Yarietiet, 

I  P.  D.  1,  the  fieetlone  common  Peach,  Peche,  Ft.,  has  the  flesh  of  the 

fruit  parling  from  the  shell  ofthe  nut  (the  stone). 
i  P.  p.  2,  the  dmgttone  mmmon  Peach,  Pavie,  Fr.,  haa  the  flesh  of  the 

fruit  adherijig  to  the  shell  of  the  nut. 
S  P.  0.  SfldrcBUno  Hort.— Flowers  double. 

■  P.  D.  4  atba  Lindl. — Flowers  white.     A   r" 

hardy  ormunental  shrub,  with  the  habit   i 
of  an   almond.      Its   fruit   has   little 

S  P.  c.  S/SSit  variegatit  Hort. — Leaves  / 
vari^ated.  f\ 

■  P.  p.  6  compriutt  Hort,  the  flat  Peach 'J 

of  China  (Hort.  Trans,  iv.t.  19-!  and, 
our^,  438.),  is  chiefly  remarkable  for 
the  form  of  its  fruit,  and  for  being 
nearly  evergreen  in  its  leaves.  In  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  against  a  wall,  it 
keeps  growing  throughout  the  winter, 
when  the  weather  is  not  too  severe. 


XXVI.    ROSA^CEIE:    ^RMENI^ACA.  267 

5  2,  P.  (y,)  LifiVis  Dec,     The  smoo^-Mnned  Peach,  or  Nectarine  Tree. 

Idemifieation.    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  487. ;  Don's  Miller,  %  p.  493. 

^fno^^fmcM.    ilra^gdaliu  P^raicn  Lam,  Diet. ;  A.  P^nica  NecUrina  AU.  Hort.  Keto.  \  Ptehe  Usfo, 

Brugnon,  Fr.  \  Pesco  noce,  Ital. 
EngratfhMgM.    NoU.  Jard.  Fruit.,  t.  90.  f.  S,  S.  t.  21.  f.  3, 4. 

Spec.  Char.y  ^c.  Fruit  smooth.  A  deciduous  tree.  Persia.  Height  15  ft. 
to  20  ft.  Cultivated  in  1562.  or  probably  long  before.  Flowers  rose- 
coloured  ;  March  and  April.    Fruit  red  and  yellow;  ripe  in  September. 

Varietiet. 

5  P.  (»)  ^»  It  the  freestone  Nectarine  (ynth  the  fruit  parting  from  the  nut). 

Peche  lisse,  Fr,  -^  The  Elruge  is  the  best  variety. 
2  P.  (o.)  /.  2,  ^  cUnffttone  Nectarine  (with  the  flesh  adhering  to  the  nut). 

Brugnon,  2^.-^  The  Orange  is  the  best  variety. 

The  different  varieties  of  peach  and  nectarine,  when  treated  as  standard 
trees  in  the  open  garden,  assume  the  ^neral  form  and  character  of  the 
almond  ;  but,  as  they  are  more  delicate,  in  consequence  of  being  farther  re- 
moved from  their  aboriginal  state,  they  are  of  slower  growth,  form  trees  of  less 
size,  and  are  of  shorter  duration.  The  nectarine,  as  a  standard  in  the  open 
garden,  forms  a  smaller  and  more  delicate  tree  than  the  peach ;  and  the  double- 
flowered  peach  is  of  less  vigorous  growth  than  most  of  the  single-flowered 
varieties,  but  very  ornamental. 

Genus  III. 


m 


ilRMENPACA  Toum,    Thb  Apricot.     lAn,  Sytt,  Icoslindria  Monogynia. 

IdettiifiaMm.     Toom.  Ixut.,  t.  399. ;  Jos>.  Gen.,  841. ;  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  485.,  Prod.  S.  p.  S81. ; 

Don'iMm.,2.  p.  495. 
SifncnymeM.     Priknos  ip.  of  Lin.  and  others ;  Abriootler,  IV.  {  AprlkoMnbaam,  Ger. ;  Albicoooo, 

Ital. 
Dtrivaiion.    The  genui  is  named  ilnnenlaca,  from  the  apricot  being  originally  from  Armenia.  The 

popular  Bnglishi  name  was  originallv  prsecocia,  from  the  Arabic,  berkoche  ;  whence  the  Tuscan 

bacoche,  or  alblcocco;  and  the  English,  abricot,  or  apricock,  erentually  corrupted  into  apricot. 

Some  persons  derire  tlie  name  from  pr^ecox,  from  this  fruit  ripening  sooner  ttian  most  others. 

Gen,  Char,  Drupe  ovate  ^obose,  fleshy,  covered  with  a  velvety  skin,  con- 
taining a  nut  or  stone,  which  is  acute  at  one  end,  and  blunt  at  the  other, 
with  a  furrow  on  both  sides  ;  the  rest  smooth,  not  wrinkled.  (Don^s  Mill.) 
I^eavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  when  young,  convolute. 
Flowers  almost  sessile,  solitary,  or  few  together,  rising  before  the  leaves  from 
scaly  buds. — Trees,  low,  deciduous,  or  shrubs;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

The  common  apricot  is  a  fruit  tree  in  general  cultivation  throughout  the 
temperate  regions  of  the  globe,  distinguished  at  first  si^ht  from  the  almond, 
peach,  and  nectarine,  by  its  heart-shaped,  smooth,  shinine  leaves,  and  white 
flowers.  There  are  several  wild  varieties,  bearing  flowers  of  different  shades  of 
pink,  chiefly  cultivated  as  ornamental.  The  great  beauty  of  both  the  wild  and 
the  cultivated  sorts  of  apricot  is,  that  they  come  into  bloom  in  Britain  before 
almost  every  other  tree ;  the  Siberian  apricot  flowering  a  fortnight,  or  more, 
before  the  common  sloe  or  almond. 


^  \,  A.  vuLOA^Ris  Lam,    The  common  Apricot  Tree. 

Identification.    Lam.  Diet.,  1.  p.9. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  532. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  495. 

fymonyme,    2*riknus  ilrmenlaca  Lin.  Sn.  679. ;  Albicocco  amerlcano,  It«U. 

£ngraHng$,    N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1. 49. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  ▼.  j  and  ourji^.  431. 

Spec.  Cliar,y  ^c.  Flowers  sessile.  Leaves  heart-shaped  or  ovate.  (Dec, 
Prod.)  A  middle-sized  tree.  Armenia,  Caucasus,  the  Himalayas,  China, 
&c.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated  in  1548.  Flowers  pinkish  white ; 
February  and  March.  Drupe  orange  and  red ;  ripe  in  August  and  Sept. 
Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow.    Naked  young  wood  smooth,  purplish. 


268  AR]JOR£1-UH    ET    FKUTICETUU   BRITAMHICUM. 

1  A.  V.  1  ovaif/olia  Ser,     Abricot  AngoumoiE,  A.  pr£coce,  A.  blaoc,  FV, 
(N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  t.  SO.  f,  64 


oval;  fruit  suiall 
S  A. 


J^.  4S9.>— Leaves 


I  Cordelia  Ser.  (N.  Du  A 
I.,  5.  p.  167.  t.  49.;  B 
ourj^.  430.)— Leaves  V 


heert-ahapec),  broad.   Fruit 
larger. 
T  A.  r.  3,/S&ii  ntrvgofw  Hort. 
— Leaves  ?ari^sted.  Flow- 
ers double.  The  Breda  n- 
riety  is  ^erally  that  which 
has  vonegated  leaves  ia  British  gardens. 
I  A,  p.  4>Jlorc  pUno  Hort.  —  Grossier  says  that  the 
Chinese  bare  a  great  many  varieties  of  double-bloaeomed  apricots, 
which  they  plaot  od  little  mounts. 
Very  few  trees  attain  the  appearance  or  maturity  so  noon  as  ^e  apricot;  a 
standard  10  or   12  years  planted,  in  good  loamy  rich  soil,  will  grow  to  the 
height  of  20  ft.,  with  a  head  it  ft.  in  diBmeter,  presenting  ail  the  fliipearancc 


of  a  tree  of  20  or  30  years' growth,  or  of*  tree  arrived  at  maturity.  The  beat 
variety  for  producing  fruit,  as  a  standard,  is  the  Breda  apricot.  It  is  also  a 
very  handsome-growing  plant,  and  its  blossom  buds,  before  tbey  are  expauded, 
are  of  a  most  b^utiful  and  brilliant  scarleL 

T  2.  A.  dasvca'kpa  Pen.     The  rougtiitiited  Apricot  Tree. 

linUtltalim.    Vtn.  ijn.,  I.  p.  M,  1  Dsc  Pnd,,  1.  p.  Ml.  i  Dan'i  Mill.,  t.  n,  «T. 

Stmtmma.  A.  iLrDpurpOn*  LbU.  >d  y.Itm  itaLg.p.ln;  />Hlaiu  duRtnn  £*r*.  AOr. S. 
p.  gftl  F.jlTTBtol,aiatrMDtir.au.H.».f.V16.stbtt>lZiATiltM. 

fivmiJiv    M.DaHun..ELt.!l.  r,  1, 1  hoii.  Bet.  Cab.,t.  llEC.i  uid  out  j%t.  431, 433. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acumbate,  doubly  serrate.  Petioles  glanded. 
Flowers  upon  thread-shaped  pedicels.  In  the  flowen  of  a  plant  in  the 
Geneva  Botanic  Garden,  the  calyx  waa  purple,  and  6Job«^;  the  i>etals 
were  6;  and  the  stamens  24-.  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  tree  with  a  twisted  trunk, 
resembling  the  common  apricot,  but  smaller.  Levant?.  Height  JO  ft.  to 
15  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowers  wbite;  April.  Drupe  purple  or 
black ;  ripe  in  Aueuat  and  September. 


XXVI     AOSA^EiG  :    ^RHEN1^A< 


i  A.d.2  ptnicifSSa  Lou.  A.  />erucifo1ia  Thm't  Mai.,  ii.  p.  408.    Abricot 
noir  iFeuitlesde  richer,  Fr.     (N.  Du  Ilam^  5.  p.  ITS.  t.  52.  f.  ).; 
and  our  £?.  434.) — Leaves  ovate  and  short,  or  lanceolate,  with  stnaU 
lobes.     Flesh  of  the  fruit  red,  variegated  with  pale  j^ellow.     In  the 
Noutieau  Du  Hamel,  it  is  Mated  to  be  a  very  slight  variety,  which 
can  only  be  continued  by  budding. 
The  rough-fruited  apricot  merits  cuhivation  for  its  flowers,  which  are  gene- 
rally white,  hut  which,  in  this  country,  from  the  earliness  of  their  appearance^ 
are  not  often  succeeded  by  fruit,  unless  the  tree  is  planted  agairtst  a  wall,  where 
it  can  be  protected  by  netting  from  the  sjning  frosts. 


13.^.  (T.)  sibi'rica  Pctm.    Hie  Siberian  Aprieot  Tree. 

/«Mf^atfg>i^>m.  Sfii.,  I.  B.  M.  I  Dtc.  Fnd..  3.  p.  (in  I  Dni'i  BUU.,1.  p.  4W. 


270 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BttlTANNICUM 


Spec,  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  ovate  acuminate,  of  the  form  of  those  of  the  beech. 
The  petioles  long  and  glandless.  Fruit  small.  A  native  of  mountainous 
districts  in  the  most  remote  parts  of  Siberia.  Persoon  has  stated  that  it 
varies  with  leaves  linear-lanceolate.   (^Dec,  Prod,)    A  low  tree,  having  the 

feneral  appearance  of  the  common  apricot,  but  smaller  in  all  its  parts. 
)ahuria,  on  mountains,  crowing  upon  the  (ace  of  perpendicular  rocks  ex- 
posed to  the  sun.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. ;  in  England  8  ft.  to  20  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1788.    Flowers  rose-coloured ;  May.    Drupe?. 

This  tree,  on  the  mountains  of  Dahuria,  does  not  attain  a  greater  height 
than  that  of  a  man ;  but  it  has  a  trunk  the  thickness  of  the  wrist,  a  rough  and 
black  bark,  and  hard  wood.  It  flowers  about  the  same  time  as  the  Rhodo- 
dendron dauricum ;  growing  on  the  south  sides  of  the  mountains,  while  the 
latter  grows  on  the  north  sides.  When  both  these  plants  are  in  flower, 
Pallas  observes,  the  north  sides  of  the  mountains  appear  of  a  purple  colour, 
and  the  south  of  a  rose  colour.  (^FL  Rots,,  i.  p.  13.)  In  British  gardens,  the 
Siberian  apricot  forms  a  tree  of  nearly  the  same  height  as  the  common  apricot, 
of  which  it  appears  to  us  to  be  the  wild  form. 

S  4.  A,  (v.)  BRiOANTiVcA  Pers,    The  Brian9on  Apricot  Tree. 

Idaitificatkm,    Fen.  Sfn.,  iL  p.  86. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  S32. ;  Don*t  Mill.«  2.  p.  498. 

Sjfnonyme,    Prdnos  brigaoUaca  ViU,  Dmuph,  8.  p.  585.,  Dec.  Fi,  Fr.  No.  878Q.,  Loii.  \n  Ji.  Dm 

Ham,  6.  p.  186. 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  t.  59. ;  and  our  >^.  486. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  nearly  heart-shaped,  toothed 
with  numerous  sharp  subimbricate  teeth.  Flowers 
in  groups,  almost  sessile,  scarcely  protruded  before 
the  leaves.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  low  tree.  Dau- 
phin^,  in  only  one  locality,  and  in  another  in 
Piedmont,  where  an  oil,  called  huile  de  marmotte, 
has  for  a  long  time  been  expressed  from  the 
seeds.  Height  in  British  gardens  H  ft.  to  15  ft. 
in  10  or  12  years ;  in  its  native  habitats,  6  ft.  to 
8  ft.  Introduced  in  1 8 1 9.  Flowers  white  or  pink ; 
March  and  April.     Drupe  ?. 

Seringe  suggested  that  this  kind  may  be  the  same 
as  A,  sibirica,  and  we  think  it  not  unlikely  to  be  only 
another  variety  of  the  common  apricot  in  its  wild 
state,  with  toothed  leaves.  43^.  ^.  (^.j  bdgMitu«. 

Other  Species  of  Armemaca, — A,  pedunculata  Led.  has  been  raised  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  from  seeds  received  under  this  name  from  Dr.  Ledebour. 


Genus  IV. 


L£ 


jt 


PRU^NUS  Tbarn.     The  Plum.    lAn,  Stfst,  Icos&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Jdeniifieaiiom.    Toura.  Inst.,  t.  858. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  532. ;  Don't  MIU.,  2.  498. 
Svnonjfmeg.    Prun6phora  Neek.  Elem.  No.  719. ;  ^runiu  tp.  of  Lin.  and  others  :  Pruno,  OaL 
DeriwUion.    Said  to  be  a  word  of  Astatic  origin  :  tlie  wild  pUmt.  according  to  Galen,  being  called 
prommnot  in  Asia.    The  Greek  name  for  the  plum  is  promni:  it  occars  in  Theophrastus. 

Gen,  Char,    Dnq)e  ovate  or  oblong,  fleshy,  quite  glabrous,  covered  with  a 

glaucous  bloom  ;  containing  a  compressecl  nut  or  putamen,  which  is  acute  at 

both  ends,  and  a  little  furrowed  on  the  margin,  the  rest  smooth.  (DorCs  Mil/,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;   convolute  when  young. 

Fhtoers  usually  disposed  in  umbellate  fascicles,  solitary  on  the  pedicels,  rising 

fenerally  before  the  leaves. — Trees  or  shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
^orth  America. 


XXVI.    ilOSA^CEA:    ^RMENI^ACA.  271 

Many  of  the  species  are  spiny  in  a  wild  state ;  most  of  them  bear  edible 
fruits ;  and  all  of  them  have  showy  blossoms.  In  British  gardens,  they  are 
chiefly  propagated  by  grafting,  but  some  of  them  by  layers ;  and  they  will  grow 
in  any  soU  that  is  tolerably  tree,  and  not  overcharged  with  moisture,  but  a  cal- 
careous soil  is  found  best.  The  epidermis  of  the  bark  of  the  plum,  as  well  as 
that  of  the  cherry,  and  perhaps  that  of  some  of  the  other  genera  of  ifmy^d^es, 
is  readily  divisible  transversely,  and  may  frequently  be  seen  divided  m  this 
manner  mto  rings  on  the  tree. 

t  }.  P,  spiNO^SA  L,    The  spiny  Plum  Tree,  or  common  Sloe  Thorn. 

Jdenlification.    lis.  Sp.,  3.  081. ;  Dec.  ProdL,  9.  p.  6S9L ;  Dao'i  MIU.,  2.  p.  496. , 

Sgntmyma.  P.  lyWlstrii  /bcA.  Httt.  p.  404.,  Xm  5yM.  p.  469L :  Blackthorn;  Prunier  £pineux, 
Franellier,  E^ptne  noire,  or  M dre>du-Bofai,  Fr. ;  Scbleadom,  or  Scblen  Pflauin«  Qer.  i  Prugno,  or 
Pranello,  Itai. 

Engravings.    Vahl  Fl.  DsDm  t.  996. :  the  plate  In  Arb.  Brit.,  ]*t  edU.,  toI.  t.  ;  and  our  Jig.  437. 

Dertvalkm.  The  name  of  Mdre-du-Boii  la  applied  to  the  tloe  thorn  in  France,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Montargis,  because  it  haa  been  remarked  there,  that,  when  U  wai  establiihed  on  the  margins  of 
woods,  its  underground  shoots,  and  the  suckers  which  iprang  up  flrom  them,  had  a  constant  ten- 
dency to  extend  the  wood  orer  the  adjoining  fields. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  spiny.  Leaves  obovate,  elliptical,  or  ovate ;  downy 
beneath,  doubly  and  sharply  toothed.  Flowers  produced  before  the  leaves 
or  with  them,  white,  and  solitary.  Calyx  camoanulate  ^  with  lobes  blunt, 
and  longer  than  the  tube.  Fruit  globose;  the  nesh  austere.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
A  low  tree  or  shrub.  Europe  from  Upsal  to  Naples,  and  the  West  of 
Asia  and  North  of  Africa.  Hdght  10  fl.  to  15  ft.  Flowers  white;  March 
and  April.    Drupe  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

Vtarieties, 

X  P.  «.  1  vulsctru  Ser.    P.  spindsa  Zrotf .  (N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  p.  185.  t.  54. 

f.  1.)  —  Leaves  obovate-elliptical.    Fruit  dark  purple.    This  may  be 

considered  as  the  normal  form  of  the  species. 
S  P.  #.  2  foBU  variegatu  Ser.  —  Found  wild  ;  but  a  plant  of  no  beauty. 
U  P.  #.  3  miorocdrpa  WaUr.  (Exs.  Cent.  l.No.  45.)  —  Leaves  elliptic, 

narrow,  bluntish.    Fruit  smaller  than  that  of  the  species. 

Y  P.  «.  4  nmcrocArpa  Wallr.  (Exs.  Cent.  1.  No.  45.) —  Leaves  obovate, 

bluntish.    Fruit  large,  dark  purple.     This  has  been  found  wild  in 
Germa^ ;  but  Seringe  doubts  whether  it  be  not  identical  with  P. 
domestica  JulilUui,  or  with  P.  insititia. 
S  P.  «.  5  ovdta  Ser.  (Black w.  Herb.,  t.  494.)  —  Leaves  ovate,  roundish. 

Y  P.  s.  djiore  pletio. — This  is  a  very  beautiful  variety,  said  to  be  in  cul- 

tivation, and  highly  prized,  in  China  and  Japan  ;  and  also  found  wild 
some  years  ago  at  Tarascon.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  are  pro- 
duced in  such  abundance  as  to  entirely  cover  the  branches. 

The  sloe,  or  blackthorn,  is  much  more  frequentlv  seen  as  a  large  spiny  shrub, 
than  as  a  tree;  but,  when  the  suckers  are  removed  from  it,  and  all  the  strength 
of  the  plant  is  allowed  to  go  into  one  stem,  it  forms  a  small  scrubby  tree  of  die 
most  characteristic  kind.  The  stems  of  the  sloe  differ  from  those  of  the  haw- 
thorn, in  growing  to  the  hei^t  of  3  or  4  feet  before  they  branch  off.  The 
bark  is  blw^k,  whence  the  name  of  blackthorn  ;  and  the  leaves  are  dark  green. 
The  roots  are  creeping,  and,  in  every  soil  and  situation,  throw  up  numerous 
suckers  ;  so  much  so,  that  a  single  plant,  in  a  favourable  soil,  would  cover  an 
acre  of  ground  in  a  very  few  years.  In  hedges,  in  Britain,  it  is  seldom  seen 
above  20  ft.  in  height ;  but  in  woods  and  in  parks,  as  single  trees,  we  have  seen 
it  above  30  ft.  high  :  for  example,  in  Eastwell  Park,  in  Kent.  The  wood  is 
hard,  and  in  colour  resembles  tnat  of  the  peach,  thouch  without  its  beauty :  it 
takes  a  fine  polish ;  but  it  is  so  apt  to  crack,  that  little  use  can  be  made  of  it, 
except  for  handles  for  tools,  teeth  for  hay-rakes,  swindles  for  flails,  and 
walkmg-sticks.  The  wood  weighs,  when  dry,  nearW  52  lb.  per  cubic  foot. 
The  branches,  from  being  less  spreading  than  those  of  the  common  hawthorn, 
make  better  dead  hedges  than  those  of  that  species ;  and,  for  the  same  reason, 
they  are  particularly  well  adapted  for  formmg  gaards  to  the  stems  of  trees 


272 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


437t   PktBoi  splntea* 


planted  in  grass  fields  or  in  parks,  to  protect  them  from  cattle.  They  are  in 
general  use  for  this  purpose  in  France.  They  are  also  used  as  a  substitute  for 
stones  and  tiles  in  draining ;  and,  formed  into  faggots,  they  are  sold  for  heating 
bakers'  ovens,  and  for  burning  lime  or  chalk  in  kilns,  &c.  The  living  plant 
cannot  be  recommended  for  hedges,  on  account  of  the  rambling  habit  of  its 
roots,  and  the  numerous  suckers  they  throw  i:^ ;  and  because  it  is  apt  to  get 
naked  below,  from  the  tendency  of  the  shoots  to  grow  upright  and  without 
branches.  These  upright  shoots  make  excellent  walking-sticks,  which,  ac- 
cordingly, throughout  Europe,  are  more  frequently  taken  from  this  tree  than 
from  any  other.  Leaves  of  the  sloe,  dried,  are  considered  to  form  the  best 
substitute  for  Chinese  tea  which  has  yet  been  tried  in  Europe ;  and  they  have 
been  extensively  used  for  the  adulteration  of  that  article.  The  juice  of  the 
ripe  fruit  is  said  to  enter  lamly  into  the  manufacture  of  the  cheaper  kinds  of 
port  wine ;  and,  when  property  fermented,  it  makes  a  wine  strongly  resembling 
new  port.  In  planting  groups  and  masses  in  parks,  by  the  addition  of  a  few 
plants  of  the  sloe,  a  degree  of  intricacy  may  be  given  sooner  and  more  ef- 
fectively, than  by  the  use  of  the  common  thorn ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  the  sloe 
produces  a  degree  of  wildness  from  its  numerous  suckers,  and  the  want  of 
control  which  they  indicate,  which  is  not  displayed  by  any  of  the  species  of 
Cratce^s,  which  do  not  throw  up  suckers,  r  or  producing  wildness  and  in- 
tricacy, therefore,  in  park  scenery,  the  sloe  is  of  great  value,  and  its  effect  is 
much  heightened  by  the  addition  of  the  common  furze  or  the  broom.  The 
sloe  prefers  a  strong  calcareous  loam.  It  may  be  propagated  freely  by  suckers, 
or  by  seeds  :  the  latter  should  be  gathered  in  October,  when  the  fruit  is  dead 
ripe,  mixed  with  sand,  and  turned  over  two  or  three  times  in  the  course  of  the 
wmter ;  and,  being  sown  in  February,  they  will  come  up  in  the  month  of  May. 

.1*  2.  P.  insiti'tia  L.    The  engrafted  Plum  Tree,  or  BuUace  Plum, 

IdaUiftaxUon,    Lin.  Sp.,  eSO. ;   Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  632. ;  Don's  Hill..  2.  p.  498. 

Sifntmifmet,   P.  tylvCstrl*  pneVox  iltior  Toum, ;  P.  cylT^itris  m^jor  Aoy ;  Prunier  saoTa«e,  F^. ; 

Alfatotti,  in  Dattpkinif  ;  Klrschen  Pflaume«  Ger, 
Engravfngt.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.841.;  Hayne  Abbild.,  1.65.;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit,  toI.  t.  ; 

and  our  Jig.  438. 

Spec,  Char,,  j-c.  Branches  becoming  spiny.  Flowers  in  pairs.  Leaves  ovate 
or  lanceolate  ;  villose  beneath,  not  nat.  Fruit  roundish.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
low  tree.  England,  Germany,  and  the  South  of  France,  and  also  BartMiry. 
Height  10ft.  to  20ft.  Flowers  white;  March  and  April.  Drupe  black; 
ripe  in  October. 

Varieties, 

S  P.  t.  Ijr&ctu  mgro  Hort.    The  black-fruited,  or  common,  Bullace. 
«  P.  i.  ^frdctu  luteo.4lbo  Hort,— Fruit  yellowish-white. 


XXVI.  rosa'ceje:  pHu^nus. 


273 


'i  P.  I.  SjHtdu  rubra  Hort.  —  Fruit  red. 

S  P.  t.  Afflore  plena  Descemet  in  Mem.  de  la  Russie  MSridhnale,  I, 
p.  63.  —  Flowers  double. 

The  fruit,  which  is  globular,  and  usually  black,  is  sometimes  yellowish  or 
^raxy,  with  a  red  tint,  and  sometimes  red ;  it  is  also  so  much  less  austere  than 
the  sloe,  as  to  make  excellent  pies  and  puddings,  and  a  very  good  preserve. 


^.^: 


\ 


438*   PrfaHBi  liultSlia> 

The  fruit  of  this  plum  in  Provence  is  called  prune  sibarelle,  because  it  is  im- 
possible to  whistle  after  having  eaten  it,  from  its  sourness.  The  wood,  the 
branches,  the  fruit,  and  the  entve  plant  are  used,  throughout  France,  for  the 
same  purposes  as  that  of  the  sloe. 

^  3.  P.  DOMB^STiCA  L.    The  domestic  cultivated  Plum  Tree. 

Jieni^ficmiiom,  Lin.  Sp.,  680. :  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  683. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  9.  p.  499. 
^fnoitjfmet.    F,  sattra  Fuelu  and  Rag  \  Prunier  domestlque,  Fr.  \  ge- 

raeine  Pflaume,  Ger. ;  Susino  domeatloo,  ItaL 
Emgrmnmgs.    Wood.  Med.  BoC.,  1 8A. ;  E.  Bot.,  t.  178S. ;  and  oar  Jfg.  489. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Branches  spineless.  Flowers  mostly 
solitary.  Leaves  lanceolate-ovate,  concave  on  the  sur- 
face, not  flat.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  low  tree.  South  of 
Europe,  on  hills;  in  England,  found  sometimes  in 
hedges,  but  never  truly  wild.  Heaeht  15ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Drupe  various ;  ripe 
August  to  October. 

Varietiet, 

t  P.  rf,  %  Jlore  plena  Hort. —  Flowers  large,  double. 
S  P.  if .  3  foHu  variegdlis  Hort.  —  Leaves  varmgated. 
f  P.  </.  4  Brmenioidet  Ser.  —  Leaves  and  fruit  like 
those  of  if  rmenlaca  brigantiaca. 

The  cultivated  plum  resembles  the  common  sloe,  but  is 
larger  in  all  its  parts,  and  without  thorns.     There  are 
numerous  varieties  and  subvarieties ;  but,  as  they  belong    <»-''**w»a««<«»»M- 
more  to  pomology  than  to  arboriculture,  we  have  here  only  noticed  those 
that  have  some  pretensions  to  distinctness  in  an  ornamental  point  of  view. 

T 


274  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 

The  ^ricot-like  plum  seems  intermediBte  between  the  wild  plum  and  tlie 
wild  apricot.  Hie  vnrietieR  cultivated  fbr  their  Ihiit  have,  in  general,  much 
larger  leares,  an4  stronger  young  shoots,  than  the  other  sorts ;  they  flower 
Inter,  their  blossoms  are  larger,  and  thdr  fruit,  particularlj  such  sorts  u  the 
magnum  bonum  and  the  diamond  plum,  several  times  as  lai^;  the  latter  being 
upwards  of  S^  in.  long.  Theie  fniit-bearinf  varieties  are  in  universal  culti- 
vation in  temperate  climates ;  and  for  every  thing  of  interest  relating  to  them, 
as  such,  we  refer  to  our  Eitci/clojKcdia  of  Gardening,  edit.  1835,  p.  9£0.  The 
use  of  the  fruit  in  domestic  economy,  in  Britain,  for  the  dessert,  and  for 
making  tarts  and  puddings,  is  well  known.  In  France,  plums  are  used  prin- 
cipally dried,  as  an  article  of  commerce,  and  they  are  known  under  the  name 
otbngnoles,  prunes,  and  French  plums.  The  ifltrent  modes  of  preserving 
plums  in  France  will  be  found  detailed  at  length  in  the  1st  edit,  of  this  work, 
and  in  our  Suburban  Horlirulluriit, 

*  ♦.  P.  (o.)  kvroha'lah*  L.     The  Myrobalan,  or  Cicrry,  Plum. 

T<lrmlillcaU<m.    Un.  So.,  CSO. :  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  M>.  |  Don'i  Hill.,  1.  p.  EM. 

^aoifmn.    P .  MiuAln  Dn  Hiam.  ;    r.mr&bUutt  Ltil.  ;    l>.«ruircri  £*rt.  AiAr.  4.  p.  IT.  ! 
Vlrtlalu  Cberrr I  Birif  Seulct  Plun  i  Anulsr  mrnibalui. or  CeriMte,  fr.;  KlndipStuinc, 


Spfc.  Char,,  ^c.  Scpala  narrow.  Fruit  gloliose,  depressed  nt  the  base  ;  um- 
bilicus depressed;  nut  with  a  small  point  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree. 
Europe,  or,  according  to  some,  North  America.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cul- 
tivateJ  in  gardens  tor  nn  unknown  period.  Flowers  white;  March  and 
April.     Fruit  cordate,  red,  rarely  produced  in  England. 

Varielif. 

1  P.  (d.")  m.  2  foHu  variegahi  N.  Du  Ham.  has  variegated  leaves. 
Though  we  consider  this  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of  the  common  plum, 

—  -.  •_  -Q  (jistinct,  both  in  the  habit  of  the  tree  and  the  colour  of  the  fruit. 


that  we  think  it  more  convenient  to  keep  it  apart.  Its  Rowers  are  produced 
as  enrly  tfi  those  of  the  sloe;  and,  the  pl>uit  being  more  tender  than  that 
species,  it  seldom  produces  fi-uit  in  England,  except  when  the  blossoms  are 
protected.  It  forms  a  good  stock  for  vanetiea  intended  to  be  kept  dwarf.  In 
India  the  fruit  is  sold  to  dje  black. 


Wi 


xxTi.  bosa'ce«:  pru'nus. 


,  p.  ca'ndic«Nb  So/6, 
U.Tnr^  HIS.  B,  n.  i  »  WilW 
"  -■•  MJll..i|i.«8. 


^vc.  CAor.,  <^.    Enuicliea  pubescent. 
Flowers  2  or  3  toeelher,  upon  short 
pubescent  peduncleE.      Calyx  bell- 
dhaped.       Leaves    broadly     ovate, 
whitiEh   beneath.      Stipules  of  the  A 
length  of  the  petiole,  very  narro*,  j' 
and  cut  in  a  toothed  manoer.  (Dec.  ^ 
Prod.)      A  low    shrub.     ?Tauria. 
Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  In  trod,  in  JSaS.  "«■  i-.-^wi^u 

Flowers  white ;  April. 

It  is  not  known  of  what  countiyit  is  a  native.   It  is  quite 
hardy,  easily  cultivated,  &nd  so  laden  with  white  blossoms  in 
«i.  p.cinac—       spring  as  to  appear  a  miuis  of  snow,  whence  the  name. 
M  6.  p.  COCOMj'l.LA  Tenore. 
IdnUlfltaUen.     Tmara  Prod,   flupal..  *.  p. 
PriSTa.  p.5M..  Don'.  l(lU„»/p:<M. 

^ee.  Char.,  !fc.     Flowers  upon  short  peduncles,  in  pairs. 

Leaves  obovate,  crenulate,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces  ; 

the  crenatures  glanded.    Fruit  ovate-oblong,  with  a  small 

point,  yellow,  ?  bitter  or  f  acid.  {Dec.  Prod!)  A  low  shrub. 

Calabna,  in  hedges.      Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced 

in  18S4>.     Flowers  white;  April.    Drupe  yellow  ;  ripe  in 

August. 

The  bark  is  febrifugal,  and,  in  Calabria,  is  considered  to 
be  a  specific  for  the  cure  of  the  pestilential  fevers  common 
in  that  country.  ^^  ^ 

•  7.  P,  miri'tiha   Wangenheim.     The  sea^idc-iiihabitiitg  Fluu 


^D«.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  bnceolate- 
ovate,  senate.  FIowmb  in  pairs. 
Fruit  small,  round,  sweet,  dark  blue. 


276  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    URITANNICUM. 

(Dec,  Prod.)  A  middle-sized  shrub.  North  America,  in  sandy  soils,  on  the 
sea  coast,  from  New  Jersey  to  Carolina.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1818.  Flowers  white;  April  and  May.  Fruit,  of  the  size  of  a  pigeon's 
egg,  dark  purple,  and,  according  to  Pursh,  very  good  to  eat ;  ripe  ?. 

There  are  plants  in  British  gardens,  but  they  have  never  yet  set  fruit. 
jk  8.  p.  pube'scens  Poir,    The  pubeBcent-leaved  Plum  Tree. 

li^niifiailfon,    Poir.  Suppl.,  4.  p.  AS4.,  not  of  Pursh  ;  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  533. ;  Don**  MUl.,  8.  p.  499. 
Engraving.    Oar  Jlg.KRi  in  p.  1106. 

Spec.  Cliar.f  S^c.  Leaves  with  short  pubescent  petioles,  and  disks  that  are 
siightlypubescent,  ovate,  thickish,  rounded,  or  shortly  acuminate  and  un- 
equally toothed.  Flowers  mostly  solitary  and  nearly  sessile.  Fruit  oval. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  shrub.  Native  country  unknown.  Cultivated  in  1818. 
Height  2  fit.  to  3  ft.    Flowers  white ;  May. 

Jt  9.  P.  DIVARICA^TA  Led,    The  divtancBted-branched  Plum  Tree. 

Identifleation.    Ledeb.  Ind.  Hort.  Dorp.  Suppl.  18M,  p  6. ;  Fl.Alt., 

1. 13. ;   Dec.  Prod..  3.  p.  684. ;  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  504. 
Engrtningt.    Led.  Flor.  Alt.,  t.  IS. ;  and  muftg.  446. 

Spec.  Char.y  S^c.  Branches  spineless.  Leaves  with 
glandless  petioles,  and  disks  oblong-elliptical,  ta^ 
pered  to  both  ends,  concave  above,  serrate,  gla- 
brous, with  the  midrib  bearded  beneath.  Flowers 
solitary,  very  numerous.  Calyx  reflexed.  Fruit 
elliptical,  yellow.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  middle-sized 
shrub.  Caucasus.  Height  8  ft.  to  10ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1820.     Flowers  white  ;  April. 


446.    Prftnu  (UvMlckta. 


Olher  Species  of  Vruniu  Juss.  —  In  consequence  of  many  species  of  the 
genus  Prunus  being  removed  to  Cerasus ;  and  also  because  of  the  close  re- 
semblance of  one  species  to  another  in  both  genera,  there  is  a  good  d^  of 
confusion,  which  cannot  be  cleared  up  till  the  plants  are  studied  in  a  living 
state.  PHinus  eifusa  was  raised  in  1838,  in  the  Hort  Soc.  Garden,  from  seeds 
presented  by  Baron  Jacquin. 


Genus  V. 


5,? 


HLdSUHuB 


CEHASUS  Juu,  The  Cherry.  Uju   Sytt.  Icosandria  Monogynia. 

Identification.    Just.  Gen.,  S4a  ;  Dec  Fl.  Fr.  4.  p.479. ;  Prod.,  2.  p.  535. ;  Don's  Mill.,  9.  p.  504. 
Synonymft,    Leurocfcrasus  Toum. ;  PrAnus  sp.  Lin. ;  Certsier,  Pr, :  Kirschc,  Get. ;  CUiegio,  Ital. 
Derivation.    From  Ceranu^  tbe  ancient  name  of  a  town  of  Pontus  in  Asia,  whence  ttie  cultivated 
cherry  was  first  brought  to  Rome,  by  Lucnllus,  a  Roman  General,  68  b.c. 

Gen.  Char,  Drupe  globose,  or  umbilicate  at  the  base,  fleshy,  quite  glabrous, 
destitute  of  bloom,  containing  a  smooth,  rather  globose  compressed  stone. 
(DorCt  Milj.) 

Leave*  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  evergreen  ;  when  young, 
conduplicate.  Flowers  white.  Pedicels  I -flowered,  rising  before  the  leaves,  in 
fascicled  umbels,  from  scaly  buds;  but  sometimes  rising  after  the  evolution  of 
the  leaves,  in  racemes,  from  the  tops  of  the  branches. — Trees  and  shrubs,  almost 
all  deciduous,  with  smooth  serrated  leaves,  and  white  flowers ;  and,  generally, 
>vith  light-coloured  bark.   Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Some  of  them  are  cultivated  for  their  fruit,  and  the  others  as  ornamental. 
In  British  nurseries,  the  deciduous  species  are  generally  propagated  by  graft- 
ing  or  budding  on  the  Cerasus  sylv^stris,  and  the  evergreens  are  propagated 


XXVI.  jzosa'cea:  ce'rasus.  277 

by  cuttings  or  seeds  ;  they  will  grow  iu  any  common  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry. 
There  is  much  confusion  in  all  the  species,  more  particularly  as  regards 
those  which  are  natives  of  North  Amenca ;  and  which,  as  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker 
judiciously  observes,  can  only  be  *'  removed  by  carefully  studying  the  plants 
in  a  living  state,  both  during  the  season  of  the  blossom  and  that  of  the  fruit.'* 
{Ptor,  Bar,  Amcr,,  i.  p.  167.) 

$  1.    Cerasdphof-a  Dec.      T/ie  Cherry- beating  Kinds. 

Sect,  Char,  Flowers  produced  from  buds  upon  shoots  not  of  the  same  year  ; 
and,  in  many  instances,  disposed  umbellately.    Leaves  deciduous. 

A.  Species  cuitivated  Jbr  their  Frtdt. 

The  Cherries  cuUioaied  in  Gardens,  according  to  Linnsus,  and  almost  all 
botanisrs  to  the  time  of  DeCandolle,  have  been  referred  to  Piriknus  Mum  L. 
and  Priknus  Ci^rasus  L. ;  the  former  being  the  merisier  of  the  French,  and 
corresponding  with  the  small  wild  black  bitter  cherry  of  the  English  (the  C. 
sylv^tris  of  Ray)  ;  and  the  latter  the  cerisier  of  the  French,  and  correspond- 
ing with  the  common  red  sour  cherry  of  the  English  (the  C,  vulgaris  of  Mil- 
ler). To  these  two  species  DeCandolle  has  added  two  others :  Cerasus 
Julian^z,  which  he  considers  as  including  the  guigniers  ;  and  Cerasus  dur&cina, 
under  which  he  includes  the  bigarreaus,  or  hard  cherries.  Under  each  of 
these  four  species,  Seringe,-  in  DeCandoUe*8  Prodromus,  has  arranged  a  num- 
ber of  varieties,  with  definitions  to  each  group :  but,  as  neither  the  species 
nor  the  groups  appear  to  us  distinct,  we  have  adopted  the  arrangement  of  the 
author  of  the  article  on  Cerasus  in  the  Nouveau  DuHamel,  as  much  more 
simple  and  satisfactory ;  and  have  referred  all  tlie  cultivated  varieties  to  the 
same  species  as  Linnasus ;  substituting  for  PTunus  ^vium  L,,  Cerasus  sylvestris, 
the  synon.  of  Ray ;  and  for  Pri^nus  Cerasus  Xr.,  Cerasus  vulsaris,  already  used 
to  designate  the  same  species  in  Miil,  Diet,,  and  by  Loiseleur  m  the  Nouveau  Du 
Hameh  The  arrangement  of  the  varieties,  and  general  culture  of  the  cherry  in 
the  kitchen-garden  and  orchard,  will  be  found  at  length  in  our  Encydopisdta  of 
Gardening  ;  and,  in  a  more  condensed  form,  in  our  Suburban  Horticulturist, 

*St  \.  C,  sTLVB^STRis  Bouh.  and  Ray,  The  wild  black-fruited  Cherry  Tree. 

Idtntifieation,    BmiIl  HIiC.,  1 .  1. 9.  p.  390. ;  lUj  Hiit.  1&99. ;  Pen.  Srn.,  9.  p.  3A. 

Spn&tufma  and  <kudm  Namet.  C.  avium  MeencM,  K.  Du  Ham,  5.  p.  10.,  JDo»*f  MOL  9.  p.  A05. : 
a  nigra  MOL  Diet.  No.S.,  not  of  Alt.  ;  PrOnus  ItTium  Lin.  Sp.  &0. ;  P.  4riuiii  tv.  •  and  /S 
tynu.  Bamm.  ed.  8.  p.  SOS. ;  PrQnus  AtIuiu  var.  fi  and  v  Bng.  Ftor,  9.  p^  3S!V. ;  P.  nigrlcani  and 
P.  viriM  Ekr.  Seitr*  7.  p.  196, 197. ;  Gean,  Bigarreau.  Corone,  Coroon,  Small  Black,  Black  Hert- 
foitUhlre,  Black  Heart,  Black  Ifazxard,  the  Merry  Tree  qf  the  Ckeikire  peasofUt,  the  Merdei  in 
Si^gbiki  M6rl*ler,  Merlie  groue  noir^  Gulgnier,  Bfgarreantier,  Hoaumler,  Ft. ;  SUise  Kirscbe, 
Ger.  i  Clreglolo,  Itai. 

Derivation.  Thl«  cherrr  U  called  Corone,  or  Coroon,  In  tome  parts  of  England,  fk-oro  coronr,  a 
crow.  In  reference  to  it«  blacknen.  Merry  Tree  and  Merries  are  evidenUy  corruptions  of  the 
word  H^riiter ;  and  Merisier  Is  said  to  be  derired  from  the  words  amire»  tritter,  and  cerite^  a 
cherry.  Bigarreau  is  derired  from  bfgarrie  party^oloured,  because  the  cherries  known  by  tlils 
name  are  scnerally  of  two  colours,  yellow  and  rod;  and  Ueaumler  is  f^om  the  French  word 
keaumt^  a  nefanet,  fhm  the  shape  of  the  trvAi. 

Ei^ratingt.    Du  Ham.  Tr.  Arb.,  1.  p.  186. ;  Arb.  Brit,  IsC  edit.,  iroL  ▼!. ;  and  our  ;%.  447. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  vigorous  and  divaricate  ;  the  buds  from  which  the 
fruits  are  produced  oblong-acute.  Flowers  in  umbel-like  groups,  sessile, 
not  numerous.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  somewhat  pen- 
dent, slightly  pubescent  on  the  under  side,  and  furnished  with  two  glands  at 
the  base.  (Dec,  Prod,^  JV,  Du  HameL)  A  middle-sized  tree.  Europe,  in 
woods  and  hedges.  Height,  in  dry  fertile  soils,  40  ft.  to  50  (I.  or  upwards. 
Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May.  l)nipe  red  or  black  ;  ripe  in  July.  De- 
caying leaves  of  a  fine  red,  or  rich  yellow  and  red. 

Varieties, 

1.  Merisiers  or  Merries,  with  black  or  yellow  fhiit. 

2,  Guigniers  pr  Geans  (C,  Juliilna  Dec),  with  red  or  black  fruit,  early  or 
late,  and  including  the  tobacco-leaved  guignier,  or  gean,  of  four  to  the 
pound  (the  C.  decumana  of  Delauny). 

T  3 


'8  ARBORSTUH    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

3.  Hntumiert,  the  Hehnet-iht^yed  Chariei  (C.  Juliana  vbt.  heawniiina  Dec), 
Bomewhat  reKmbling  the  bigorreau,  but  with  leu  Srm  flesh. 

Varietu  of  Mil  ra«  tuedfor  ornanimial  pvrpoiti. 
t  C.  (.  duricma  2  Aore  p/'no  Hart.,  the  double  flowered  wild  black 
Cbory ;  Meriaier  !i  Fleurs  doublea,  or  M^ner  Reiiunculier,  Fr.  j 


aa  the  double  French  wliJte. 
'tgaireautien,  the  Bigarreaut,  orha    _ 
with  white,  flesh-coloured,  and  black  Ehiit,  generally  heart-shaped. 


4.  Sigaireautien,  the Bigarreautyor hard-JUAedCherriei  (C.  dur^inaDrc.) 
" ■  rally  he:    ■    • 


The  colour  oT  the  fruit  of  the  wild  apeciefl  is  a  texy  deep  dark  red,  or 
black  ;  the  tIeBh  is  of  the  same  cdour,  small  in  quantity,  austere  and  bitto' 
before  it  comes  to  maturity,  and  indpid  when  the  fruit  is  perfealy  ripe.  The 
nut  is  oval  or  ovate,  like  the  fruit,  firmly  adhering  to  the  flesh,  and  very  laree 
in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  fruit.  The  juice  is  mostly  coloured  i  and  the 
skin  does  not  separate  from  the  flesh, 

X  S.  C.  vuiaa'kis  ATiU.    The  common  Cherry  Tree. 

Htnli/lciuiw.  Hill,  Diet.,  No.  i.;  N.  Dq  Hm,,  a,  p.  18. 
tiiJ^tri.  Sjm,  i  p.M.i  '  C.  caprotiliiui  Dte.  P™ 
iuiUriiin<l/>.tddi&lr,&i>.7.  p.  IS.indiao.;  P.  Ci 

eiialab  CbHTT,   HonUo,  Mu  Dukn ;    C 

u  rondi,  Cnttlgr  du  Nord,  C*r1>ler,  ipd 

p  oiprtn*,  th«  bvitboLi  iCrnvberTy.  prohBhlj  tnmi 

Liiv  prvTjiicv  gi  rnocfl  irbfin  ^  Turivrj  U  luppoKd  ED  hAve  twen  orifliiaisd.  OrhMUer  liuM 
ta  be  deritod  froiA  aigratrt  toumut,  or  ihArposii,  mod  AppUed  Co  tbli  cfoerrj  fnm  Uh  mcMllj  of 

Eagratiriti.    Bug.  Bot,t,>M.|  ArtkBrtt.,  lttedU.,>(il.Tl.,H  C^niiudTlum;  ud  onr jt^. 44». 

S/Kc.  Char.,  ^c.  Tree  small,  branches  spreading.  Flow«v  in  subsessile  um- 
bels, not  numerous.  Leave*  oval-lanceolate^  toothed,  glabrous.  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  Europe  and  Britain,  in  gardens  and  plantations.  Height  30  ft.  to 
40  ft.  Flowers  white ;  May.  Drupe  red ;  ripe  in  July.  Decaying  leaves 
red  and  yellow. 

Yarielia.  —  There  arc  numerous  cultivated  varieties,  which  are  classed  by 
Loiseleur,  m  the  Nouveau  Zht  Hamel  in  three  groups,  iDcluding  in  the  first 


XXVI,   AOSA^CE^:    ck'rasus. 


of  the«e  the  four  following  varietieB,  which  wc  particulurise  on  accoimt  of 
their  bdng  purely  ornamentil :  — 

I  C.  r.  e  Jiore  lenriplrno  Hort. — Flowers  semidouble. 
1  C.  r.  3  Jldre  pl^  Hort, — All  the  stamens  of  this  vmriety  are  changed 
iota  petals ;  sod  the  pUultutn  into  bii>hU  green  leaves,  which  occupy 
the  centre  of  the  flower.     The  flower  is  smaller  and  less  besutiAu 
than  that  of  the  double  m^risier;  but,  at  t5e  tree  does  not  grow  so 
high,  and  as  it  can  be  grown  as  a  shrub,  it  is  suitable  for  planting  in 
situations  where  the  other  Cftnnot  be  introduced.     It  is  commonly 
grafted  on  the  iYi^nus  Mahaleb. 
f  C.  r.  4  ^erntifldra  Hort. — The  flowers  are  douUe,  and  rose-coloured. 
This  vttiiety  wu  known  to  Bauhin  and  to  Toumefort,  but  is  at  pre- 
sent rare  in  gardens. 
I  C.  ih  5  Jo6tt  vanegdtU  Hort.  has  variegated  leave*. 

The  fnut-hearmg  varielUt  are  arranged  in  the  Ncmeau  Du  Hamfl, 
under  the  following  heads :  — 
I.  Fleah  whitish,  and  more  or  less  odd;  including  the  Montmorency 

S.  Fletn  whitiBh,  and  only  very  sli^tly  Bcidi  including  the  Englbh 

duke  cherries. 
3.  Flesh  red,  including  the  griottiers,  or  morellos. 


T%e  Bigarreau  is  a  tree  of  vigorous  growth,  with  large  pale  green  leaves, 
and  stout  divergent  branche*. 

Builmrr't  Yellow  is  a  vigorous-growing  tree,  like  the  preceding,  but  with 
golden- coloured  fruit. 

The  Ketitiii  Cherry  ii  a  round-headed  tree,  with  slender  shoots,  some- 
what pendulous. 

TV  ifay  Bate  is  B  middle-Bzed  or  low  tree  with  an  erect  fasti^Ie 
head. 

7%:  MoreUo  is  a  low  tree,  witli  a  spreading  head,  somewhat  pendulous  \ 
most  prolific  in  flowers  and  fruit  i  the  bttn-  ripening  very  late,  and, 


280  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

from  not  being  so  greedily  eaten  by  the  birds  as  most  other  sorts, 
hanging  on  the  trees  a  long  time. 
lyOHheim  is  a  dwarf  weeping  tree,  a  sretit  bearer. 
1^  G.  t>.  6  Mar^Bcha^  PrinmiB  Mardtcha  Jacq.,  is  the  variety  from  the  fruit 
of  which  the  liqueur  called  Maraschino  is  made.    Plants  of  it  hare 
been  raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  in  1837. 

The  flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  C.  sylvestris.  The  fruit  is  round, 
melting,  full  of  a  watery  sap,  more  or  less  flavoured,  and  almost  always  sen- 
sibly acid.  The  skin  of  the  firait  is  commonly  red,  but,  in  the  numerous  va- 
rieties in  cultivationjjiassing  into  all  the  shades  between  that  colour  and  dark 
purple  or  black.  Tne  skin  of  all  the  varieties  of  C,  vulgaris  separates  easily 
from  the  flesh,  and  the  flesh  parts  readily  from  the  stone;  whue,  in  all  the 
varieties  of  C  sylvestris,  the  skin  is  more  or  less  adhering  to  the  flesh,  and  the 
flebh  to  the  stone.  {N,  DuHam,,  v.  p.  18.)  This  species  forms  a  tree  of 
less  magnitude  than  that  of  C.  svlv^stris :  it  is  never  found  in  a  truly  wild 
state  in  Europe,  and  the  aboriginal  form  is  unknown. 

Remarks  referring  to  both  Species,  -^  The  cherry  trees  in  cultivation,  whether 
in  woods  or  gardens,  may,  in  point  of  general  appearance,  be  included  in  three 
forms :  large  trees  with  stout  branches,  and  shoots  proceeding  from  the  main 
stem  horizontally^,  or  slightly  inclining  upwards,  and  when  voung  and  without 
their  leaves,  bearing  a  distant  resemblance  to  ^gantic  candelabra,  such  as  the 
gcans,  and  many  of  the  heart  cherries  ;  fastigiate  trees  of  a  smaller  size,  such 
as  the  dukes  ;  and  small  trees  with  weak  wood,  and  branches  divergent  and 
drooping,  such  as  the  Kentish  or  Flemish  cherries,  and  the  morellos.  The 
leaves  vary  so  much  In  the  cultivated  varieties,  that  it  is  impossible  to  charac- 
terise the  sorts  by  them  ;  but,  in  general,  those  of  the  lai^e  trees  are  largest, 
and  the  lightest  in  colour,  and  those  of  the  slender-branched  trees  the  smallest, 
and  the  darkest  in  colour ;  the  flowers  are  also  lar^t  on  the  large  trees.  The 
distinction  of  two  species,  or  races,  is  of  very  httle  use,  with  reference  to 
cherries  as  fruit-bearing  plants ;  but,  as  the  wild  sort,  C.  sylvestris,  ia  very 
distinct,  when  found  in  its  native  habitats,  from  the  cherry  cultivated  in  gar- 
dens, it  seems  worth  while  to  keep  them  apart,  with  a  view  to  arboriculture 
and  ornamental  planting.  For  this  reason,  also,  we  have  kept  Cinsua  sem- 
perflorens,  C.  Pseudo-Ci^rasus,  C,  serrulata,  and  C,  diamaecerasus  apart, 
though  we  are  convinced  that  thev  are  nothing  more  than  varieties.  In 
consequence  of  its  rapid  growth,  tne  red  fruited  variety  ought  to  be  pre- 
ferred where  the  object  is  timber,  or  where  stocks  are  to  be  grown  for 
fruit  trees  of  large  size.  As  a  coppice-wood  tree,  the  stools  push  freely  and 
rapidly ;  and,  as  a  timber  tree,  it  will  attain  its  full  size,  in  ordmary  situations, 
in  50  years.  Its  rate  of  growth,  in  the  first  10  years,  will  average,  in  ordinary 
circumstances,  18  in.  a  year.  There  are  various  trees  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  London  upwards  of  60  fb.  high ;  one  on  the  Cotswold  Hills,  on  the  estate 
of  the  Earl  of  Harrowby,  is  85  ft.  high.  The  wood  of  the  wild  cherry  (C\ 
sylvestris)  is  firm,  strong,  close-grained,  and  of  a  reddish  coloiu*.  It  weigtis, 
when  ^een,  611b.  13  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and  when  dry,  541b.  15oz. ;  audit 
loses  m  the  process  of  drying  about  a  16th  part  of  its  bulk.  The  wood  is 
soft  and  easily  worked,  and  it  takes  a  fine  polish.  It  is  much  sought  after  by 
cabinetmakers,  turners,  and  musical  instrument  makers,  more  particularly  in 
France,  where  mahogany  is  much  less  common  than  in  Britain.  The  miit 
of  the  cherry  is  a  favourite  with  almost  every  body,  and  especially  with 
children.  The  distillers  of  liqueurs  make  great  use  of  ripe  cherries :  the 
spirit  known  as  kirschewasser  is  distilled  from  them  after  fermentation  ;  and 
both  a  wine  and  a  vinegar  are  made  by  bruising  the  fruit  and  the  kernels,  and 
allowing  the  mass  to  undergo  the  vinous  fermentation.  The  ratafia  of  Grenoble 
is  a  celebrated  liqueur,  which  is  made  from  a  large  black  gean  ;  from  which,  also, 
the  best  kirschewasser  is  made  j  and  the  maraschino  from  a  variety  of  the  tree 
found  in  Dalmatia.    The  preparation  of  these  will  be  found  in  our  first  edition. 


XXVI.   rosa'ce*:  ci'BAsua.  2ttl 

B,  S^xeift  or  Varielia  cullwalfd  at  omamaital  or  curioui. 
'i  3.  C.  (v.)  SB«PERKLO>BENs  Dec.     The  ever-flowering  Cheiry  Tree. 


verplni  Chtrrgi.  ttit  AlUdnti  Cbtrrr ; 


/ 


^lee.  Char.,  ^c.     Bnnches  drooping.    Leave*  ov&Ie,  HrrBled.     Flowers  pro- 
truded Idle  in  the  seMcm,  axillary,  aolitaiy.    Calyx  acrrBted.    Fnuls  globo», 
and  red.     Its  nalive  couniry  not  known.   (Dec.  Prod.)      A  low  penduloua 
tree.    Height  10  ft.  to  BO  It.    A  garden  produc- 
tion.   Cultivated  in  ?  1700.     Flowera  whites  May, 
Drupe  red  ;  July  and  August. 
An  ornamental  tree,  usually  grafted  standard  high 

on  the    cominon   wild    cherry,  or  gesn  ;    growing 

rapidly   for  8  or   10  years,   and   forming   a  round 

head,  8  or  10  fecthigh.and  10  or  12  feet  in  diameter, 

with   ihe  eitreinities  of  the  Itranches  drooping  to 

the  ground  ;  and  flowering  end  fruiUng  almoat  the 

whole  summer.  It  forma  a  truly  desirable  amall  sinsle 

tree  for  a  lawn. 

t    4.  C.  KMULt'TACiXm.  Theserruleted-fcoBCTi 

Cherry  Tree. 

Ji!"- ^■"■■P-«"i  Don"' xi'-s-p-"*- 
•ritoui (RTnllu LHidl.  Han.  Trami.l. p.    »i.  ; 


282 


ARBORETUM   KT   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char.t  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  acuminated,  setaceously  serrulated,  quite 
glabrous.  Petioles  glandular.  Flowers  in  fascicles.  (Don*t  Mill,)  A  low 
erect  tree,  or  rather  tree*like  shrub.  China.  Height  in  China  4  ft.  to  6  ft. ; 
in  British  gardens  6  ft.  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1822.  Flowers  double 
white,  tinged  with  red,  though  not  so  much  so  as  the  double  French 
cherry. 

This  tree  resembles  the  common  cheny  tree,  but  is  not  of  such  vigorous 
growth  ;  and  only  the  double-flowered  variety  of  it  has  been  yet  introduced. 
A  yery  ornamental  plant. 

i  5.  C.  Pseu^o-Ce^rasus  Lindl.    The  False-Cherry  Tree. 

IdmlifleaUgn,    Hort.  Brit.,  No.  12663. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  S.  p.  514. 

Sifnonyma.    Prdnut  Fieddo-Cferasus  Lhtdl,  Hort.  Trtm».  6.  p.  90. ;  P.  panicuUiU  Ker  BoL  Reg. 

800.»  but  not  of  Thunbk  j  Ynng-To,  Ckintse. 
Engraving:     Bot.  Reg.,  1. 100. ;  and  our>^.  451. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  acuminate,  flat,  serrated. 
Flowers  racemose.  Branches  and  peduncles  pubescent. 
Fruit  small,  pale  red,  of  a  pleasant  subacid  flavour,  with 
a  small  smooth  stone.  (Don*s  Mill,)  A  low  tree.  China. 
Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1819.  Flowers 
white ;  March  and  April.   Fruit  pale  red ;  ripe  in  June. 

This  tree  is  readily  known  from  the  other  cherry  trees, 
even  when  without  its  leaves,  by  its  rough  gibbous  joints,  at 
which  it  readily  strikes  root;  and  is,  consequently,  very 
easily  propagated.  It  has  been  tried  by  Mr.  ICnight,  as  a 
fruit  tree ;  and  he  finds  that  it  forces  in  pots  better  than 
any  other  variety.  Desirable  for  small  garaens,  on  account 
of  its  very  early  flowering. 


451.    C.  Partdo*Cfeuai. 


M  6.  C,  CiiAMJECBfRkSVB  Lois.     The  Ground-Cherry  Tree,  or  Sberian 

Cherry, 

Jdeni^eation.    Loit.  in  N.  Du  Ham.,  5.  p.  99. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  S37. ;  Don's  Mill,  2.  p.  MS. 
Synonumet.    C.  intermMia  Loit.  in  N.  Du  Ham.  5.  p.  30. ;  PrOout  fntonnMia  Poir.  Diet.  5. 

p.  674. ;   P.  firuticdia  Pall.,  according  to  Besser }  C§rasu*  pQmlla  C.  Bauk.,  according  to  PaU.  Fl. 

Rou. ;  Cbamaec^ratut  ftutlcbsa  Pen.  Syn.  S.  p.  34. 
Engra9ing$.    N.  Da  Ham.,  5.  p.  89.  t.  6.  f.  A  ;  Ha/ne  Abbild.,  t.  61. ;  and  o\XTjtg,  452. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  glabrous, 
glossy,  crenate,  bluntish,  rather  coriaceous,  scarcely 
glanded.  Flowers  in  umbels,  which  are  usually 
on  peduncles,  but  short  ones.  Pedicels  of  the 
fruit  longer  than  the  leaves.  Fruit  round,  reddish 
purple,  verv  acid.  (Dec,  Prod  )  A  neat  little  shrub. 
Siberia  and  Germany.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd. 
in  1587.  Flowers  white ;  May.  Drupe  reddish 
purple ;  ripe  in  August. 

It  forms  a  neat  little  narrow-leaved  bush,  which, 
when  grafted  standard  high,  becomes  a  small  round- 
headed  tree  with  drooping  branches,  at  once  curious 
and  ornamental.  It  does  not  grow  above  a  fourth 
part  of  the  size  of  C,  semperfldrens ;  and,  like  it,  it 
flowers  and  fruits  during  great  part  of  the  summer. 

jk  7.  C,  prostraVa  Ser.     The  prostrate  Cherry  Tree. 

Idcntifleation.    Seringe  in  Dec.  Prod.,  Z  p.  63a ;  Don*.  Mill.  2.  p.  614. 

'^cl^S^i^^rjlS^^^SZ^lT^''^  l»..«mdX«5.  Pl.S^  Dcc,U  p.  16.;  PrCinus 
Engravings.    Pall.  FI.  Rom..  1. 1 7. ;  Bot  Reg..  1. 106. ;  and  our>^.  463. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Decumbent.  Leaves  ovate,  serrately  cut,  glandless,  tomen- 
tose,  and  hoary  beneath.  Flowers  mostly  solitary,  nearly  sessile.  Calyx 
tubular.    Petals  ovate,  retuse,  rose-coloured.     Fruit  ovate,  red  ;  fle?»h  thin. 


4At.    C,  Chammi-insm. 


XXVI.  rosa^ceie:  n/RAsus. 


shrub.   Natixe  of  ti 

tUDs   of  Candia,  of  MouDt 

Lebanon,    and    of  Siberia.  . 

Height  1  ft.  to  1  ft.    Intro-  i 

duced   ia  1809.      Flowers 

rose-coloured ;     April     and 

May.    Drupe  red  ;  r^e  July. 

A  ver;  desirable  spedes  for 
grafting  standard  high  on  the 
commoii  cherry.  The  r«d  co- 
lour of  the  flowers  is  rery  un- 
conimon  in  this  genus.  •»<  bnurtDunu. 

t  8.  C.  PBRSiciFoYijt  Lou.  The  Peach-tree-leaved  Cherry  Tree. 
nimielaulim.  Lob.  In  K.  Dn  Hun., «.  p.  S.  i  Dsc.  Prod.,  i.  p.U7.  i  Don'i  Mm..  1.  p.  CIS. 
Entroting.    Oat  fit-  000.  iajif.  000. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  unequally  serrate,  gla- 
brous, with  two  glands  upon  the  petiole.     Flowers  numerous,  upon  slender 

peduncles,  and  disposed   umbeltately.    {Dec,    Prod.')     A   deciduous   tree. 

?  America.     Height  30ft.  to  50ft.     Introduced  iu  181B.     Flowers   white; 

May.   Drupe  small,  black ;  ri|>e  in  July. 

A  rapidly  growing  tree,  attaining  the  height  of  the  common  wild  cherry, 
and  bearing  bo  close  a  resemblance  to  it  in  almost  every  respect,  that  it  is 

Srobablv  only  a  variety  of  it.     There  are  trfes  of  this  kind  of  cherry  in  '*-  ~ 
ardin  des  Plant  '^    "       "  ■  '  - 


lantes  at  Pans,  of  a  pyramiual  form,  *ith  a  reddish  brown  amc 
bark,  flowers  about  the  size  of  tnose  of  C,  MahhUb,  and  fruit  about  the 
of  peas.  The  wood  is  said  to  be  harder  and  redder  than  tlmt  of  the  comi 
wild  cherry.    It  was  nused  from  seeds  sent  from  Ainerica  by  Miehaux. 

1  9.  C.  oorba'lis  Michx,     The  Nonh-Jmmcnn  Cherry  Tree. 

Prod  .  1,  p.'s3S. -.  Dsii't  Mfll.,  V  pwi.       ' 
SfsmiFiwi.    J^aniu  bnrdtli  Pair.  I)ia.  ».  p.  St*  ;  the  Hortheni  Chokt  Chonr,  Amer. 

Spec.  Char.,  ijc.    Leaves   oval-oblong, 

denticulate  and  almost  in  an  erode 

common  almond  iree,  but  have  the 

inflexed,  protuberant,  and  tipped  with  minute 

glandulous  mucros.  Flowers  on  longlsh  pe- 
dicels, and  disposed  nearly   in  a   corymbose 

manner.     Fruit  nearly  ovate,  small;  its  flesh 

red.  (Dec,  Prod.)     A  small  tree.     Northern 

parts  of   North   America.      Hdght  80  ft.  to 

30  ft.,  with  a  trunk  6  in.  to  Sin.  in  diameter. 

Introduced  in  1882.     Flowers  white;    May. 

Drupe  red ;  ripe  in  July. 

Of  all  the  cherries  of  North  America,  Mi- 
chuux  observes,  the  C.  boreilis  is  the  one  tlmt 
has  the  greatest  analogy  with  the  cultivated 
cherry  of  Europe.  Pursh  describes  it  as  a 
very  handsome  small  tree,  the  wood  exquisitely 
hard  and  finegrained  ;  but  the  cherries,  though 
agreeable  to  the  taste,  astringent  in  the  mouth, 
and  hence  called  choke  cherries. 


t  10.  C.  PU-MiLA  MicAx.     Tlie  dwarf  Cherry  Tree. 

Ileh«.Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  J.p.SSO.i  D«c,  Pro*..  ».  p.  .W.  1  Don'i  Mill.,  a.  p.  Bll 
iniu  pamllll   LM.  Hamt.t3.,    Purtll   Ft.  Anrr.  SnI.  I.  p.Ul.i   rtraiui  gl»UCi 


284 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


ptunlla. 


Engravhigi.    Mill.  Icon.,  t.  80.  C  2. ;  and  our  Jig,  4M. 

Spec*  Cfuir,ySfc.  Branches  twiggy.  Leaves  obo- 
vate-oblong,  upright,  glabroas,  indistinctly  ser- 
rulated, glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  upon 
p eduncles,  disposed  rather  umbcUatelv.  Calyx 
bell-shaped,  short.  Fruit  ovate,  black.  (Dec, 
Prod.)  A  low  somewhat  procumbent  snrub. 
North  America,  in  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia, 
in  low  grounds  and  swamps.  Height  3  ft, 
to  4 ft.  Introduced  in  1756.  Flowers  white; 
May.    Drupe  black ;  ripe  in  July. 

A  curious  and  rather  liandsome  tree,  when 
grafted  standard  high ;  and  a  fit  companion  for 
the  other  dwarf  sorts,  when  so  grafted.  Sir  W. 
J.  Hooker  suspects  this  to  be  the  same  as  C, 
depressa.  It  has  been  compared.  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  observes,  in  its  general 
habit,  to  ifm^gdalus  nana ;  and  such  a  comparison  is  equally  applicable  to  C. 
depressa.  (-F/.  Bar,  Amer.,  i.  p,  167.) 

ji  11.  C.  (p.)  DEPRB'^ssA  Ph,    The  depressed,  orprottrate,  Clierry  Tree. 

Identification,    Punh  Fl.  Amer.  S«pt.,  1.  p.  839. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  688. :  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer..  I. 

p.  168. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  2.  p.  814. 
Sjfnonumet,    C.  piiinlla  Michs.  Fl,  Bor.  Amer.  1.  p.  S86.,  not  />riinu*  pdmila  L, ;   P.  Sufqnehioa 

Wtili.  Enum.  619.,  Baunn.  ed.  S.  p.  S86. ;  Sand  Cherry,  Amer. 
Engraving,    0}ufig,  466.  Arom  llTing  plant  in  Loddiget's  arboretum. 

Sjtec,  Char,y  8fc,  Branches  angled,  depressed,  prostrate.  Leaves 
cuneate- lanceolate,  sparingly  serrate,  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath. 
Flowera  in  grouped  sessile  umbels,  few  in  an  umbel.  Fruit 
ovate.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  prostrate  shrub.  North  America, 
from  Canada  to  Virginia,  on  the  sandy  shores  of  rivers  and 
lakes.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1805.  Flowers  white  ; 
May.    Drupe  black,  small,  and  agreeably  tasted ;  ripe  in  July. 

In  America  it  is  called  the  sand  cherry,  and  said  to  be  distio- 
gaished  at  sight  from  all  the  other  species,  not  less  by  its  prostrate 
habit,  than  by  its  glaucous  leaves,  which  bear  some  resemblance 
in  shape  to  those  of  ^m^gdalus  n^a ;  and,  according  to  Sir  W. 
J.  Hooker,  to  those  of  C,  pi^mila. 

fl  12.  C,  PTOMA^A  Lois,    The  pygmy  Cherry  Tree. 

IJentiflcaUon,  LoU.  In  N.  Du  Ham.,  8.  p.  33.  and  31. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  %  p.  638. ;  Don*!  Bfill.,  %  p.  813. 
^nonipne.    />riinus  |iygnue'a  WiU±  So.  2.  p.  993.,  Punk  FL  Amer.  SepL  l^^p.  881. 
Sngrtning,    Ova  Jig,  457.  from  a  ipecunen  In  the  Lambertlan  herbariam. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  ovate-elliptical,  but  tapered  to  the  base, 
and  rather  acute  at  the  tip,  shaiply  serrated,  glabrous  on  both 
surfaces,  and  with  2  glanas  at  the  base.  Flowers  of  the  size  of 
those  of  P,  spinosa,  disposed  in  sessile  umbels,  a  few  in  an 
umbel.  (Dec,  Prod,)  A  low  shrub.  Western  parts  of  Pen- 
sylvania  and  Virginia.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in 
1823.  Flowera  white;  May.  Drupe  black,  of  the  size  of  a 
large  pea,  a  little  succulent,  and  very  indifferent  to  the  taste ; 
ripe  in  July.  4M. 

fl  S  13.  C,  NroRA  Lois,    The  black  Cherry  Tree. 

Identificaiion.    N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  p.  32. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  638. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  618. 

Synonifmei.    Priinus  nigra  Ait,  Hort,  Kew.  3d  ed.  8.  p.  198.,  Purth  Fi,  Amer.  Sept,  1.  p.331. ;  P. 

amerlcAna Darlingtonia  Amer.  Lye.  N.  H,  qfNeto  York. 
Sngraningi.    Bot  Mag.,  1. 1 117. ;  and  our  JIge.  468,  469. 

t^c.  Char,,  ^e.  Leaf  with  2  elands  upon  the  petiole,  and  the  disk  ovate- 
acuminate.  Flowera  in  sessile  umbels,  few  in  an  umbel.  Calyx  purple ; 
its  lobes  obtuse,  and  their  margins  glanded.  (Dec,  Prod,)     A  tall  shrub  or 


C(p) 


4M. 


xxTi.  bosa'ces:  ce'rasus.  2&5 

low  tree.     Canada  and  the  Alle- 
ghany BfouDtains.      Height  6  ft. 
to    10  ft.     IntroduL-ed  in   1773. 
Flowera  white,  with  purple  an- 
thers.    Dnipe  red  i  April,  May. 
The  fruit,  which,  as  far  as  we 
know,  has  not  been  produced  in 
England,  is  described  b;  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker  as  bdng  as  large  us  a  mo- 
derate-aUedcherry.and,  apparently, 
ens  this  forms  a  very  handsome  small  **■  "■  """^ 

^ /en  in  winter  by  ihe  imoothnesa  and  dark  colour  of  its 

young  wood,  and  in  this  respect  resembling  more  a  plum  than  a  cherry. 

J  1*.  C.  HYBHALis  JMToix,     The  Winter  CHierry  Tree. 
lifrWMco'lm.  ^K.  Da  Hun..  li,  p.  194.  L  DecFiod..!. 

SMvmr:    P.  hjiaiui  UldU.  Ft  Bor.  Amrr.  I. 

nTah,    Fwik   rt.  Amrr.   HrpL    t.  u.  »1„    eaUl 

Cant.  I.  p.  Ml. ;  Ihe  black  Choke  Ctenj.  -fiwr. 
£i^nn™».    Our  «r*e^  J^  »  ipKlaien  to  tbe 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-oval,  or 
oval,  abruptly  acuminate.  Flowers  gla- 
brous, disposed  umbellatcly.  Lobes  of 
the  calyx  lanceolate.  Fruit  nearly  ovate, 
and  blackish.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  shmb. 
Western  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Ca- 
rolina. Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced 
m  1805.  Flowers  white  ;  May.  Drupe 
small,  black,  and  extremely  astringent, 
but  eatable  in  winter;  ripe  in  October. 


SpecCiar-A"-   Branches  glabrous,  becoming  rather 
s[>iny.     Leaves  oblone-oval,  acute,  or  acuminate- 
short  peduncles,  and  mostly 
s,  its   lobes  very  ihort. 
Fruit  nearly  globcae,  mwll,  yellow,   (Dec.  Prod.) 


n  pain.  Calyx  glabrous,  its  lobes  very  ihort. 
Fruit  nearly  globcae,  nnall,  yellow,  (Dec.  Prod.) 
A  shrub,     t^olina  and    Virginia.     Height  6  ft. 


Introd.1806.  Flowerswhile; AprilandMay.Drupe 


small,    yellow,   and  asrei 

ably  tasted  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  observes 
that  a  plant  which  he  received  under  this  name  appeared 
to  him  identical  with  C.  borealis ;  the  plants  in  the  Lon- 
don gardens  are  very  difterent,  resembling  much  more 
closely  the  common  sloe,  as  will  appear  by  our  figure. 

Jt  16.  C.  pubb'scbns  Ser.  The  pubescent  Cherry  Tree. 
MtalnUMtai.  ScricBatn  Hec.  Frod.,  t  p.us.,  Dod'i  Mill..  1.  p.  U«. 
Sjfnowj/tiiet.  /*riJiiui  pubfic^i  Ph,  Fl.  Amrr.  Sept-  \.  p. 381.,  UH 
Laid.  Cat.  1  P.  iphBro(*rp»  WA*i.  Pt.  Bor.  Amtr.  I.  p.  SM..  not  oC 

Eniratiitf-    Ourfe  461  from  ■  llflng  ipcrlm™  In  LoMigei'l  Mho- 

retum  i  tnAJIg.  lO.  (Tom  ■  ipctrluen  In  Uie  Lvcbmlo  herbuluD. 
Spcc.Char.,^c.  Young  branches  pubescent.  Leaves  with 


286  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTtCETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

the  disk  shortlj  otsI,  serrulated,  and  usually  ivith  8  gtands  at  its  base. 
Flowers  in  sessile  umbels,  few  in  an  umbel ;  pedicels  and  calyxes  pubescent. 
Fruit  upon  a  short  pedicel,  globose,  brownish  purple,  austere,  (iice.  Prod.) 
A  low  shrub.  Western  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  on  the  borden  of  lakes. 
Height  I  (t.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1880.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May. 
Drupe  brownish  purple,  very  astringent ;  ripe  in  July. 

■  IT.  C.  PBifNsfLVit'HtCit  Lm.     The  Pennsylvanisn  Cherry  Tree. 


p.  1 10. ;  fT  lUECDllta  mUif.  . 


and  glabrous.  Flowers  disposed  in  grouped  sessile 
umbels,  which  have  something  of  the  character  of 
panicles.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  shrub.  North  America,  from 
new  England  to  Virginia,  in  woods  and  plantations. 
Hdght  6  ft,  to  B  ft.  Introduced  in  1773.  Flowers 
white  ;  May.  Drupe  black,  small,  but  agreeable  to 
eat ;  tipe  in  July. 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  considers  this  sort  as  synonymous 
with  C.  bore&Iis  Jlftciii.,  in  which  he  may  probably  be 
correct.  We  have,  however,  kept  tbem  dutinct ;  not 
only  because  the  whole  genus  appears  in  a  state  of  con- 
fusion, but  because,  though  C,  pennsylvanica  is  said  to 

have  been  introduced  in  1773,  we  have  never  seen  the  plu.. _,  . 

and,  consequently,  (eel  unable  to  give  any  decided  opinion  respecting  it. 
^  18.  C.  japo'mca  Lait.     The  Japan  Cherry  Tree. 

Ufntiftatiam,    LolL  hi  N.  Da  HAm.,£.b.SS.  I  Dotl'i  HLLL,  i.  p.  I 
Strmmrma.     i'rtmui iiptfola  Tktmi.  A.  Jap.  p.  VI.,iidi1  Lti^i. 


KntrnKlnfi.    Boc.  Rif..  t. 


e.  Char.,  3^,     Leaves  o 


shorter  than  the  tube.  {Dot.. 
AfUL)  A  slender  shrub,  some- 
what tender.  China.  Height  2  ft. 
to  4  ft.  Introd.  IBIO.  Flowers 
pale  blush-coloured,  produced  in 
profusion  on  numerous  slender 
purpliri)  or  brownish  red  twigs ; 
«».  c ]■,-■;„,  March  to  May.   Drupe  ?.   Naked 

young  wood  brownish  red. 

■■  C.  j.  2  multiplex  Ser.    .Jmygdslus  pitmila  Lm. 
Mant.  74.,  Bot.  Mag.  t.  8176.,  and  of  the 
.   Hammersmith  and  other  nurseries.     (Our 
I  fi^t.  i&I,  and  468.)  —  Flowers  semidouble, 
pink  like  those  of  the  species. 

There  are  two  shrubs  in  British  nurseries 
often  confounded  under  the  name  of  A. 
pilmiia.  The  one  is  that  now  described, 
which  may  be  known  at  any  season  b^  the 
,.  purplish  or  brownish  red  colour  of  the 
bark  of  its  young  shoots;  and,  in  summer, 
i  gbbrous  finely  serrated  leaves,  which   have  a 


XXVI.  aosa'ceje:  ce'rasus.  287 

reddith  tinge  on  tiuar  margins,  and  on  the  midribs.  The  other,  C.  si- 
nenus  described  below,  tlie  PrilnuE  jap^nica  of  Ker,  and  of  [he  Ham- 
merEinith  and  other  nurseries,  may  be  known  In  the  winter  seHBon  by 
the  light  green  or  ereyish  colour  of  the  bark  of  its  j'oung  shoots ;  hj- 
its  larser,  paler-coloured,  and  comparatively  rugose  leaves,  doublyor 
coarsdy  serrated  ;  and  by  its  more  compact  habit  of  growth.  The 
(lowers  of  this  sort  Eire  also  on  longer  peduncles,  resembling  those  ofa 
cherry  ;  while  the  flowers  of  C.  jap.  multiplex,  the  .4m^gdalus  piimita 
or  double  dwarf  almond  of  the  nurseries,  hare  much  ihortcr  peduncles, 
■nd  are  sometimes  nearly  sessile,  giving  the  plant  more  the  appear- 
ance of  a  Prdnus  than  that  ofa  Cerasus.  The  C  japdnica  multiplex 
has  been  in  cultivation  in  Bntisb  gardens,  under  the  name  of  Amf^- 
dalus  pikmila,  since  the  days  of  Bishop  Compton  ;  and,  though  it  is 
stated  in  books  to  have  been  introduced  from  Africa,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  of  its  being  of  Asiatic  origin.  The  great  confusion 
which  exists  respecting  these  two  plants,  in  botanical  works,  has 
induced  ua  to  examine,  with  particular  attention,  the  plants  of  them 
that  are  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  Hammer 
smith  Nursery.  In  the  former  garden,  there  was  (June  10.  1837)  a 
C^rasu*  japiSnicB  in  its  single  state,  but  not  in  its  double  state  ;  the 
plant  beitfmg  the  name  of  C'.jap6nica  fldre  pleno  being  unquestionably 
the  C  rin^Dsis  described  below,  the  Prilnuajap^nica  of  the  nurseries. 
In  the  Hammersmith  Nursery,  there  were  then  some  dozens  of  plants 
of  C  japtSnica  m{tltiplex,  there  called  ^m^gdaluspumila.or  the  double 
dwarf  almond,  growing  in  parallel  nursery  lines,  with  some  dozens 
of  plants  of  C.  sinfn«s,  there  called  Primus  JBp6nica,  or  the  double 
Chmese  almond.  Wehave  considered  it  necessary  to  be  thusparticular, 
to  justify  us  f<H-  having  deviated  trom  the  Sot.  Mag.  and  Sol,  Reg. 

A  19.  C.  sine'nsis  G.  Don.     The  Chinese  Cherry, 
MaUI/iialiom.    DDD'iUlll.,9.p.SI4. 
^wq^.    praDuiJ^^lcaJCn-ln  Am.  Ay.  tir, 
Engrniitll.    BM.  Rcf..  I.  97.  i  wid  aaijlt.  (69. 

Sp/x.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovateJanceoIate,  doubly  serrated,  wrinkled  from  veins 
beneath.  Peduncles  sub-aggr^aie.  (ZJon'i  AM.)  A  highly  ornamental 
low  sbrub.  China.  Height  8  fl.  to  3  it.  Introducetl  in  1810.  Flowers  semi- 
double,  red  above,  and  white  underneath,  produced  in  great  profiiaon  on 
the  pra:eding  year's  branches ;  April  and  May. 
There  is  no  single  state  of  this  species  in 

Britain,  but  there  was  in  1836  a  plant  of  the 

double  variety  agunst  a  wall  in  the  Hort.  Soc. 

Oarden,  named  C.  jap6nica  fldre  pl^no;  and. 

as  noticed  under  the  preceding  species,  there 

were  many  plants  in  the  Hammersmith  Nur- 
sery, under  the  name  of  P.  jap^nica,  or  the 

double  Chinese  almond.     The  plant  is  some* 

what  more  tender  than  C.  j.  piultiplex,  which 

is  well  known  in  gardens  as  a  hardy  border 

shrub;  and,  except  in  ravoumble  situations, 

it    requires    to   be   planted   againiit   a   wall,  f 

Though  C.  sinensis  and  C.  japOnica  are  quite  \ 

distinct,  there  is  nothing  in  that  distinctness, 

as  it  appears  to  us,  to  determine  that  they  are 

not  vaneties  of  the  same  species.  ,03,  -tm '-<-■'■ 

*  80.  C.  MLi'ciNA  G.  Don.     The  Wiilow-fronrd  Cherry  Tree. 
Mntlifictlim.    Dcm'i  Mm.,  3.JI.D14. 

Sftvmrmn.    PrQnutnlldnA  Lrt^L  In  Hort.  Tram. ;  ChlDS-Cho-Lee,  or  Tnnf-Cboh-LM,  Ckmae. 
Smgr*^*t-    i^.«Ta.rrDiniipsdm«ilnIlKh«1iuliiiiio(1>r,IJiHlliT. 

Spec.  Char.,  4r.     Flowers  usually  solitary,  shorter  than  the  leaves.    Leaves 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    DRITANNICUM. 

oboTBte,  acumin  Eited,  gUndiilnriy  serrated,  glabrous 

Stipules   Bubulate, 

glandular,     length 

of  the  petiole. 
W  Petiole   ^ndlees. 

(Dott'i  Miii.)  A 
^  shrub.  China. 

Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  i 

Introd.  in  IS2S. 
^  The  flowers  smntl,  | 

and  white.  Drupe 

about  the  size  of 
111  MiMiaMiana  that  of  the  myro- 

balan  plum.  *"■  £*»»««-* 

i^iewn  beloitffKg  to  the  preceding  Subdaiiiion  (B.),  not  vet  introduced.  —  C. 
I^dshia  HamUt.,  Frixaaa  cerasoldcs  D.  Don.,  Cenuus  Puddum  Roxb.  (Wall, 
n.  Bar.,  ii.  t.  143.;  and  our  ^.  471.),  is  a  native  of  Nepal,  prod udng  fruit 
jibe  that  of  the  cotnoion  cherry,  and  wood  which  is  considered  valuable  as 
limber.  The  flowers  are  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  and  the  tree  pows  to  tbe 
height  of  SO  or  30  feet.  C.  glmduidta,  C  iipera,  and  C.  india  Lou.,  are  Japan 
thrubs,  with  rose-coloured  flowers,  described  by  Thunberg;  and  C.  humUU 
Mods.,  a  natire  of  Sardinia. 

}  ii.  PMi  veri  Ser.     The  true  Bird-Ckmy  Kindt  ofCemsus. 
Sect.  Char.    Flowers  produced  upon  the  shoots  of  the  ume  year's  growth  as 
the  flowers ;  the  latter  disposed  racemosely.    Leaves  deciduous. 

A.  Speda  of  Sird-Cheny  Trect  akeadi/  in  Cultivation  in  Britain, 
I  21.  C.  Maha'^i^b  Mill.     The  Mahaleb,  or  perfumed.  Cherry  Tree. 

Utntiflcalin.    Mill.  Diet.,  No,  <. ;  OtcYni^i.f.iai.:  Dnn'i  Mm.,  l.  p  H4. 

s^aonttna.    i^iiiu  MaMUb  L.  Sp.  Oi. ;    Bob  da  S4tiita  iMcSx,  or  Pnuhr  odomit,  Fr.% 

Emrrmtlnrl.    N.  Du  tUn- &  1. 1.  i    Jncq.  F1.  Autl.,  t.  m.  i  Ihe  pl4U  of  Ihla  tpgda  In  Arb.filll. 

i;i«dit!;.oi.T.i  ud«irji(.  ITS. 

Spec.  Char.,  4'c.  Leaves  cordately  ovate,  denticulate,  glanded,  curved. 
Flowers  in  lea^  subcoryntbose  racemes.  Fruit  black,  between  ovate  and 
round.  (^Dec.  Prod.)  A  small  tree.  Middle  and  South  of  Europe;  coov 
mon  in  France,  especiallj  in  [he  mountainous  districts ;  very  common  near 
St.  Lucie,  whence  the  French  name.  Height  10  ft.  to  SO  ft. ;  in  British 
aardens  2Dft.  to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1714.  Flowers  white;  April  and 
May.  Drupe  black ;  ripe  in  July. 
Varietiet.     Besides  one  with  vari^ated  leaves,  there  are  ;  — 

X  C.  M.  8  fiactu  Jldvo  Hart.  —  Fruit  yellow.     There  is  a  plant  of  this 

variety  in  the  garden  of  the  Horticultjral  Society. 
S  C  M.  3  lali/olium*Hon.  —  Leaves  broader  than  in  the  species. 
A  handsome  small  tree,  with  a  white  bark,  and  nuniernus  branches.  The 
leaves  somewhat  resembling  those  of  the  common  apricot,  but  of  a  paltf 
green.  The  wood,  the  leaves,  the  flowers,  and  the  fruit,  are  poweriiilly 
scented ;  the  flowers  so  much  so  as  not  to  be  supportable  in  a  room.  The 
wood  is  hard,  brown,  vaned,  and  susceptible  of  a  high  polish.  Its  smell  is 
less  powerful,  and  more  agreeable,  when  it  is  dn',  than  wnen  the  sap  is  in  it 
In  a  dry  state  it  weighs  59  lb.  4  oi.  per  cubic  foot.  In  France,  it  is  much 
sought  after  bjr  cabinetmakers,  on  account  of  its  Irurance,  hardness,  and  the 
fine  polish  which  it  rectnvea.  In  Austria  it  is  used  for  forming  the  twisted 
tubes  of  tobacco  pipes.  In  France  the  mahaleb  is  used  as  a  stock  on  which  to 
graft  the  different  kinds  of  fruit-bearing  cherries :  for  which  it  baa  the  advan- 
tagea  of  growing  on  ■  very  poor  soil ;  of  coming  into  sap  Ii  days  later  than 


XXVI.  rosacea:  ce  hasus. 


I  wild  cherry  (C. 
I.     The  mahsieb 


the  common  wild  cherry,  hy  which  means  the  grafUng  season  ia  prolonged; 
and,  lastly,  of  dwarfing  tbe  plants  grnfCcd  on  it.  In  British  gardens,  it  is  partly 
used  for  this  purpoie,  but  principally  ae  an  ornamental  shrub  or  low  tree.  As 
ID  the  case  of  other  dwarf  species  of  a  genus  which  will  unite  to  s  tall 
growing  species,  the  mahaleb,  when  grafted 
sylTestria),  grows  to  a  larger  tree  than  when 

will  grow  in  any  poor  soil  that  is  dry,  even  in  the  most  arid  sands  anil  naked 
chalks  J  end,  as  it  forms  a  low  bushy  tree  which  is  capable  of  resisting  the 
wind,  it  may  be  planted  in  an  exposed  situation.  When  young  |>lanta  are  to 
be  raised  from  seed,  the  fruit  is  sown  as  soon  as  ripe,  or  preserved  among  sand 
till  the  following  spring,  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of  the  cherry,  ijeedliiw 
plants  generally  grow  I  ft.  in  length  the  first  year,  and  1  ft.  to  18  in.  the  second. 
Tl>e  tree  may  also  be  propagated  by  layers  ;  by  blips  from  the  stool,  taken  olf 
with  s  few  roots  attached  ;  and  by  suckert         '  ■        -        -■ 


ir  by  cuttings  from  the  roots, 
s  Dec.    The  Bird-Cherry  Tree. 


rberiT,  Fowl  CliMTy !  HU'berrr,  Sait. 
.  or  FbtM,  fnii  Bali  de  Sw.  Lucis,  i 


BtII.  F?ira,   p.  ii 


'Z" 


;.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  Indi- 
genous in  most  pans  of  Central  Europe,  and  as 
&r  north  as  Lapland.  Height  12  ft.  to  40  ft. 
Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May.  Drupe  black  ; 
ripe  in  July.  Decaying  leaves  greenisD  yellow, 
or  reddish.  Naked  young  wood  purpliiti,  with 
white  spot!. 
I'ari^iei. 

I  a  P.  1  mi^am  Ser.  C.  Pkdaa  Dec.  .V. 
Da  Ham.  v,  t.  1.  —  This  kind  has  large 
flowers  loosely  disposed  upon  long  pe- 
dicela,  and  black  fruit. 
S  C.  P.  2  parvifiira  Ser.  ((Ed.  Fl.  Dan., 
t.205.) — This  has  smaller  flowers,  upon 
■horter  pedicels,  which  are  disposed  moi 


T 


:  densely ;  and  black  fruit. 


290 


ARBORETUM    F.T   FKUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 


C.  P.3  rubra  Ser.    (Our  &.  473.)  — This  has  red  fruit.     It  is  the  C. 
Pttdua  frllctu  rfllu^  of  Dec.  and  of  Loiseleur ;  and,  according  to 
Ail.  Hart.  Kew.,  ad  ed.  p .  899.,  it  is  the  PtiOna  rdbra  of  WWd.  Arb., 
237.  t.  *.  f.  2. 
S  C.  P.  4  bracUota  Ser.  Pndus  racemdsus  Hort.  —  A   vere  beautiful 
varietj,  distinguished  by  its  long  racemea  of  flowers,  with  their  pe- 
dicels furnished  with  long  bracteas  at  the  points  of  the  shoots,  by 
which  the  latter  are  bent  down,  both  when  it]  blossom  and  nhen 
the  fruit  is  ripe,  so  as  to  give  the  whole  tree  a  pendulous  appearance. 
A  very  handsome  small  tree  or  large  bush.     The  leaves  are  finely  serrated, 
smooth,  and  somewhat  glaucous  ;  and  their  scent,  when  bruised,  resembles 
that  of  rue.     The  flowers  are  of  a  pure  white,  in  copious,  long,  terminal 
racemes,  making  an  elegant  appearance  in  spring,  but  scarcely  lasting  a  fort- 


nigated 


night.  The  fruit  is  small,  black,  auat^e,  and  bitter,  with  a  large  c( 
nut.  "  Birds  of  several  hinds  soon  devour  this  fruit,  which  is  naust 
probably  dangerous  to  mankind;  though,  perhaps,  like  that  of  the  cherry 
laurel,  not  of  so  deadly  a  quality  as  the  essential  oil  or  distilled  water  of  the 
leaves."  {Ens.  Flora,  ii.  p.  3S4.J  The  tree  grows  rapidly  when  youna,  at- 
taining the  height  of  10  or  18  feet  in  5  or  6  years  ;  and,  as  it  has  a  loose 
head,  and  bears  pruning,  it  allows  the  grass  to  grow  undn  it.  The  wood  ia 
hard  and  yellowish,  and,  in  a  green  state,  it  has  a  disagreeable  bitter  odour 
and  taste  ;  whence  the  French  name  piitiet,  from  puer.  It  is  much  sought 
after  in  France  by  the  cabinetmakers  and  turners,  who  increase  the  beauty  of 
its  vdning  by  sawing  out  the  boards  diagonally,  that  is,  obliquely  across  the 
trunk,  instead  of  parallel  with  its  length.  The  fruit,  though  nauseous  to  the 
taste  when  eaten  tresh  from  the  tree,  gives  an  agreeable  flavour  to  brandy; 
and  is  some^mes  added  to  home-made  wines.  In  Sweden  and  Lapland,  and 
also  in  some  parts  of  Russia,  the  bruised  fruit  is  fermented,  and  a  powerful  spirit 
dlstiUed  from  it.  luBritain,  the  principal  use  of  the  C%rasusP&dus  is  as  an  orna- 
mental tree ;  and  few  make  a  finer  appearance  than  it  does,  either  when  in  flower, 
in  April  and  May;  or  in  Aiuust,  when  covered  with  its  pendent  racemes  of 
black  fruit.  It  comes  into  f^wer  a  little  before  the  ornamental  crab  trees, 
and  about  the  same  time  as  the  5drbus  aucupiria  and  the  ^'cer  platanoldes. 
The  bird  cherry  fH'efers  a  dry  soil;  but  it  will  not  thrive  on  such  poor  ground 
as  the  perfiuned  cherry.  It  will  grow  in  almost  any  situation;  but,  to  attain 
a  tiniber-like  size,  it  requires  the  shelter  either  of  a  favourable  locality,  or  of 
ai^oining  trees.     The  species  is  propagated  by  seeds,  which  s^iould  be  treated 


XXVI.  aosa'cBjE:  c^'rasus. 


'291 


in  all  respects  tike  those  of  C.  MeAaki.  The  red-fruited  variety  will  ge- 
DeniUy  come  true  from  seed  ;  as,  doubtless,  vill  the  earty-flowering  anil 
late-flowering  varieties,  whicb  may  be  observed  in  copse  woods  where  this 
tree  abounds.  C.  P.  tnvctedsa  Ser.,  which  is  a  very  remarkable  variety,  end 
one  which  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection,  boUi  on  account  of  its  large 
racemes  of  flowers  and  its  fruit,  will  be  continued  with  most  certainty  by  grafting 
or  budding.  The  leaves  are  more  infested  and  ii^ured  by  the  larvn  of  moths 
tad  buttertliea,  than  those  of  any  other  European  tree  or  shrub. 


t  23.  C.  vikdiniaVi  AfuAx. 
UaiUfiialkm.  Mlebi.  Fl.  Bor.  Awr,  I.  p. » 
Ki^lwbi  LItl.  I  CarMnde  VlrgWi 


The  Virginian  Bird-Cherry  Tree. 
U.  1  Dee.  IhuL.  i.a.sm.-.  Don' 
WttfvX,^'  ■■■'-•  -  -      


¥r^?w   ..»■«- OUT 
Spec.  CKar.,  if-c.     Leaves  oblong,  acuminate,  doubly  toothed,  smooth  i  the  pe- 
tiole bearing  about  4  glands.    Racemes  straight,  petals  round.     Fruit  iwl. 
DiSerent  Irom  the  Prdnus  vir^nitkna  of  Miller,  which  is  C.  (v.)  serdtioa. 
(Dre.  Prmy     A  tree  attaining  a  large  siie.    Viiginia,  Carolina,  and  Canada. 
HelEht,  in  ^land, 30  ft.  to  40  a. ;  m  some partsof  North  America,  80 ft.  to 
100  ft.  Introd.  1724k  Flowers  white  ;  May.  Drupe  red ;  ripe  in  July.  Leaves 
remaining  on  hit«  m  the  season,  and  drapping,  green.     Naked  young  wood 
slender,  purpUsh,  but  not  spotted  with  white  Tike  C.  /^us. 
Readily  distinguished  from  t^£rasus  i^dui  by 
the  slender  droopinE  character  of  its  branches. 
11)6  fhiit  is  &«iuent]y  r^>ened  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London,  and  plants  in  copse  woods, 
which  have  risen  from  selTsown  seeds,  are  to  be 


t,  whicb  deepens  with  age.  It  is  comgiact, 
fine-grained,  end  takes  a  brilliant  polish ;  it  is 
also  not  liable  to  wacp  when  perfectly  seasoned. 
Id  America,  it  is  extendvely  used  by  cabinet- 
makers for  every  species  of  furniture.  In  Eu- 
rope, C.  virpiu&oa  la  planted  solelv  as  an  orna- 
mental tree ;  aod,  at  such,  it  w^  deserves  a 
place  io  every  collection.  It  should  be  pUnted 
in  every  ahrubbeiy  or  wood  where  it  is  desirable 
to  atmct  fn^Tvorous  singiDg  birds.  For  soil,  si- 
tuation, prt^Mgation,  culture,  &c.,  see  C.  Pidus. 


»  24.  C.  (».)  a 


A  iMt.     The   late^uvring. 
Cherry  Tree. 


Ameriaai,  Bird* 


-, r-     , S.f.-*;  WiU.D«ul.  Brll,, 

t4S.;  udoarj^-neitTT. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[e.  I.eavc8  ovateJanceolate,  rather 
coriaceous,  glossy,  serrated  ;  the  teeth  imbri- 
cate, very  numerous,  end  the  lowest  ones  indis- 
tJncllyglBnded.  Midribdownyatitsbase.  Flo- 
ral leaves  narrowed  at  the  base.  Racemes  loose. 
Fruitbhuk.  (Jiec.  Pnd.)  A  middle-siied tree. 
AnBtiveorNorthAmaica,inCanadaand  New- 
foundland. HeigfatlOfl-toSOft.  Introd.  1629.' 
Flowers  white;  Ib^  and  June.  Drupe  black  ; 
ripe  in  August.  Leaves  retained  late,  and 
dropping  green.  Naked  young  wood  slender, 
purplish. 


^^       ^. 


292  ARUOHETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICLM. 

Y  C.  t.  2  reluta  Ser.  —  LwiTeaobovate,  rourii,  very  obtuse,  droostretuse, 
sli^tly  vUlose  beneath  j  midrib  hairj  aboTe  and  below.  A  nalire 
of  South  AroericB. 


O.  (v.)  nerdtina  so  cIoBcIy  resemble*  C,  virginiina,  thtit  we  have  no  doubt 
whatever  of  their  being  one  and  the  same  species. 

J  85,  C.  Mo'LLis.  Ikmg.    TTte  soft  Bird-Cherry  Tree. 

Utmlifiouim.    D(iufl.H8S.t   Book.Fl.  B«.  Amer..  1. 1«»;  Dw'iUlll., 

E>Mr««W.    Ourfc47S..^(im*nMcli]Hdihitb*BrltlibMiu«nD. 

Spec.  Char.,  i^c.     Racemes  short,   pubeicenlly  tomentose, 
as  wett  as  the  calyxes  ;  calycine  segments  refleied  ;  leaves 
obovate  oblong,  crenated,  pubescent  beneath  ;  fruit  oTate. 
(iJoB'jMtf.)    A 
tree.      America, 
near   the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia, 
and  on  subalpine        <:•■  c.moa^ 
hills,  near  the  source  of  the  river. 
Height  IS  ft.  to  84  ft.   Introd.  1838. 
Flowers  white.   Naked  young  wood 
dark  brown  and   downy,   and   the 
general  habit  said  to  be  that  of  C 
pub^cens. 


sent  home  by  Douglas. 
*   i  26.  C.  Cafo'ujn  Doc.      The 
CopolHn  Bird<CherTy  Tree. 

MtmMcaUai.    D«e.   Frod.,  1.  p.  !».  I    DUI'l 

atnomrma.    n-iliiiu  rirvbiUiu  nir.  Ifnfc.  Ak 
•fi^ai.  i  p.  cuudtaijt  Moc.  ft  SttH  ei. 


XXVI.  aosa'ce/e:  ck'basus.  293 

M«.  Icon.  Ined.  ;  PL  Mo.  lean.  lixd.  ;  Hem.  Uei.  Icon.,  91.  ;  uu)  ourA-  *K. 

^m.  Char^  ^c.  Leavea  lanceolate,  seiTated,  and  glabrous,  resembling  in  form, 
and  neariy  in  Nze,  those  of  >SHlix  fr^lia.  RacemeB  iatenJ  and  terminal. 
Fruit  globose,  reaembling,  in  form  and  colour,  tbal  of  C.  gj-keHtis.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  A  handsome  sub-evergreea  low  tree  or  shrub.  Mexico,  in  temperate 
and  cold  plBcey.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  ft  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers  white; 
May.     Drupe  red  ;  ripe  in  August. 

The  plant  bearing  this  name  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  bus  leaves  broader 
than  those  of  Sb&jl  frdgilis ;  and,  taken  altogether,  it  U  of  more  luxuriant 
growth  than  C.  virginiAna.  It  is,  however,  less  hardy  as  a  plant  in  the  open 
garden,  and  was  kSled  to  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1B37-S.  In  favourable 
situations,  however,  it  is  a  very  desirable  species,  being  a  remarkably  C^ee 
6owerer,  and  ripening  abundance  of  fruit,  which  have  stones  as  large  as  those 
of  the  wild  cheny, 

■  ST.  r.  nbpale'ksis  Scr.      The   Nepal   Bird< 

Cherry  Tree, 
UmOkaitim.    SnlDgs  In  Dk  PmL,  l.  p.  MO.  i  Don't  MIU., 


^>ec.  Char.,  if  c.  Leave*  resembling  in  form  those 
of  Salii  fVigilis ;  long,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
sarate,  with  blunt  teeth,  glabrous,  whitish  be- 
neadi;  the  veins  much  reticuluted ;  and  the 
wdlB  of  the  larger  of  them  hairy.  Peduncle 
^ort,  and,  as  well  as  the  rachis,  slightly  viliose. 
Calyx  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.')  A  deciduous 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Nenal.  Height  6  fL  to 
12  ft.  Introd.  IBSO.  Flowers  white;  May. 
Drupe?. 


t  C.  anaiaiidla  Wall.  (PI.  Rar.  AsiaC,  ii. 
p.  78.  t.  ISl.;  and  our  j^.  481.)  is  a  Nepal 
tree,  growing  to  the  beiftht  of  30  or  30  feet,  , 
with  the  floH-ers  in  auUary  racemes,  and 
nodding,  a  little  shorter  than  the  leaves. 

m  C.  emargindia  Dougl.  (Hook.  Ft.  Bor. 
Abut.,  p.  169.)  is  a  shrub,  growing  to  the 
height  of  6  or  8  feet,  with  its  flowers  in  co- 
rymbose racemes  ;  having  oval,  serrulated, 
glabrous  leaves;  and  globose  Ihjil. astringent 
to  the  taste.  The  leaves  are  2  in.  Ions;  the 
flowers  are  white  ;  and  the  wood  red,  with 
white  spots.    It  is  found  wild  about   the 

upper  part  of  the  Columbia  Kiver,  especially  ,||,   rjiim in 

about  the  Kettle  Falls. 

1  C.ca;)rtcti^ G.Don.  T/ieCoal-tiiling  BirdCAerry.  Prunuscapricldalfotf.; 
P.  undulata  HamHt.  in  D.  Don't  Prod.  Kepai.  p.  339. ;  C.  undulata  Dec. 
I'Tvd.  ii.  p.  540.  —  Leaves  elliptic,  acuminated,  coriuceous,  glabrous,  quite 
entire,  with  undulalcly  curled  margins.  Petioles  glandulous.  Racemes  cither 
solitary  or  a^gr^ate  by  ihrees,  uiany-flowercd,  glabrous,  shorter  than  the 
leaves.  (Don't  Mill.,  ii.  p.  bib.)  A  handsome  showy  tree,  probably  evergreen, 
a  native  of  Kcpal,  at  (lurainhelty  ;  where  the  leaves  are  found  to  conlwn  so 
large  a  quantity  of  prussic  acid  as  to  kill  the  goats  which  browse  upon  them. 
Royte  seems  to  consider  C.  undulata  and  C.  capriclda  as  dietiocl  species  ;  and 


294  ARBORETUM    ET    ERUTtCETUH    BRITANKICUM. 

he  observes  that  tbese,  and  "C.  comdta,  remarkable  for  its  pod-like  mon- 
Btrosity,  are  handsoone  showy  trees,  groving  on  lofty  mountaiiM,  and  worthy 
of  iatroduction  into  England."  {Royle't  lUiat.,  p.  SOS.) 

C.  canadensis  Lot.,  C.  elltptica  Lou.,  C.  paniculita  Loit.,  and  oome  other 
hardy  species,  are  mentioned  in  our  first  edition. 

$  ill.  Laurocerari.     The  Lmirel-ClKny  TretM. 

Sect.  Ckar.     Evergreen.     Flowers  in  racemes. 

■  f  se.  C.  lusita'nica  Lrnt.     The  Portugal  JLmire^Cherry,  or  comtium 
Portu^  Laurel. 


'fs%. ; 


(Dec.  Prod.)  An  evergreen  low 
tree.  Portugal,  and  the  Aiores. 
Height  10  (t.  to  SO  ft. ;  in  British 
gardens  sometimes  30  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1648-  Flowers  white; 
June.  Drupe  dark  purple  ;  ripe 
in  September.  Young  wood  pur- 
plish black. 

■  I   C.  A  2  HfXB  Ser.       PrU- 

nus  Hfxa  Broussonet ;  P. 

multiglandulosa    Ca<::     C. 

Him  Webb  et  Bert.   Hist. 

Can.  t.  38.   (Ourjfg.  4ae.) 

— Leaves  larger,  with  their 

lowest  teeth  glanded,    Ru- 

cemes  elongate.     Flowers  more  loosely  disposed.     Spontaneous  in 

the  islands  of  Teneriffe,  Grand  Canary,  and  Palma.     Mr.  P.  B.  Webb 

informs  us  that  this  tree,  in  its  native  localities,  attains  the  height 

ofSOorTOfeet. 
The  Portugal  laurel  is  generally  seen  as 
- -ie  bush,  but  when  trained  up  to  a 
i  it  forms  a  very  handsome  tree 
1  conical  head.  It  is  not  of  rapid 
growth,  seldom  making  shoots  more  than 
0  or  10  inches  in  length;  but,  when  planted 
in  good  free  soil,  and  trained  to  a  single 
stem,  plants,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Lon-  ^ 
don,  will  reach  the  heieht  of  from  12ft.  , 
to  15  ft.  in  10  years.  It  is  generally  planted 
solely  as  an  ornamental  eveigreen ;  but 
sometimes  hedges  ere  formed  of  it  in  nur- 
sery-grounds and  flower-gardens.  The 
berries  are  greedily  eaten  by  birds,  and 
form  a  favourite  food  for  pheasants.  What 
renders  the  tree  particularly  valuable.  Miller  ,„   „™u  ihjiii>ic4. 


XXVI.  rosa'cejE  !  ci/basiis. 


obaerTMiia  ita  bdng''soTer]'hardyMtoder}' the  severest  cold  of  this  country; 
for,  in  thehardfroat  of  1740,  whenaknosterery  other  evergreen  tree  and  shrub 
was  severel;  pinched,  the  Portugai  laurels  retained  their  verdure,  and  seemed 
to  have  fdt  no  injury."  In  the  winter  of  1837-B,  it  was  severely  hurt  in  all 
low  moist  situations  in  the  climate  of  London  ;  but  in  d^  oraveLy  soil,  there, 
and  in  most  ports  of  En^and,  it  escaped  uninjured.  In  British  nurseries,  it  is 
propagated  by  seeds,  which,  before  and  after  sowing,  are  treated  like  those  of 
the  common  wild  cherry  (C.  sylv&tris),  or  those  of  the  bird  cherry  (C  i'itdus). 

a-  ■  29.  C.  LAUROCB'iustJs  Loit.     The  Laurel-Cheny,  or  common  "Laurel, 

.,  ^p,S.;  Dk.  Pnlil,l.  p.MO.!  Don't  lOtl..  S.  p.MK 

MOM  Lit-  Sf.  GTS.  \    Cberrr  Bar,  ChoTT  LuitfI  |    Lwrlrr  u  lait, 

aatt.FT.t  KICKbg  Lorlmr.  Ott. ;  Laura  dl  TmWimdi.  ItaL 

Xii||rAAi(i.    Black*.  H<it>.,t.l>ll.i  Da  Hua.  Arb.,  l.p.sts.  l  in.  |  u>1  ourjlf .  t8& 

Spec.  Char,,  4^.  Eveigreen.  Leaves  coriaceous,  ovate-lanceolate,  remotely 
serrate,  beaiine  upon  the  under  surbce  of  the  disk  8—4  glands.  Racemes 
shorter  than  the  leaves-  Fruit  ovate-acute.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  large,  ram- 
bling, evM-green,  sub-prostrate  shrub.  Trebisond  in  Asia  Minor ;  and  found 
in  Caucasus,  Persia,  and  the  Crimea.  Hei^t  6  ft.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in 
1689.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Drupe  dark  purple;  ripe  in  Oc- 
tober. Young  shoots  of  a  light  green. 
Farieiiei. 

•  C.  £i.  2  variegala  Wort, — Leaves  variegated  with  either  white  or  yellow. 

■.  C.  L.  3  a;^iMfi^&i  Hort.,  with  leaves  about  a  third  part  of  the  widlhof 


296  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETOM    BRITANNICUM. 

those  of  the  species,  and  a  more  Hwnrf-f>rawmg  plant,     i 
tinct  variety,  which  seldom,  if  ever,  flowers.     In  some  nup 
called  HartAgia  cap^nsiB,  though  thiH  Utter  is  a  totally  different  plant. 
The  common  laurel,  though  it  will  grow  as  high  as  the  Portugal  laurel,  is, 
in  its  habit,  decidedly  a  sl^b,  though  it  is  occasionally  seen  trained  to  a 
ungle  stem  ai  a  low  tree,  and  in  France  it  is  grafted  stundurd  high  on  the 
common   cherry  for  this  purpose,  though  such   planta,  from  the  stock  being 
deciduous,  only  last  a  year  or  two.     The  growth  of  the  common  laurel  a 
rapid  for  an  evergreen,  being  at  the  rate  of  from  I  1^.  to  3  ft.  a  year ;  but,  a.i 
the  shoots  extend  in  length,  they  do  not  increase  proportionately  in  thick- 
ness, and  hence  they  recline ;  so  that  plants  with  branches  30  or  40  feet  in 
length,  though  gigantic  in  size,  still  retain  the  character  of  prostmte  shrubs- 
It  ot  with  standing  the  rapid   and  vigor- 
ous growth   of  this  plant  in  ordinary 
seaaons,itsuflerv  a  great  deal  more  from 
very   severe   frosts  than   the   Portugal 
laurel,  and  is  sometimes  killed  down  to 
the  ground,  which   the  latter  rarely  is 
in  England.     In  Britain,  the  common 
laurel  is  considered  one  of  the  most  or- 
namental of  our  evergreen  shrubs ;  and  it 
is  also  used  for  covering  walls,  and  for 
hedges,  to  afford  shelter;  for  which  last 
purpose  it   is  exlensivelv  used  in  the 
market-gardena  about  Isfeworth.    It  is  ; 
also  extensively  used  as  undergrowth  j 
in  sandy  soil.      Laurel   leaves  have  a  i 
bitter  taste,  and  the  peculiar  Savour  of 
prussic  acid,  which  is  common  to  bitter 
almonds,  and  to  the  kernels  generally 
of  the  -^mygdSleas,     The  flowers  have 
a   similar  flavour;    and    the  powdered 

leaves  excite  sneemng.     The  leaves,  in  

consequence  of  their  flavour,  are  used  *"'  "'  "■""*"'" 

in  a  green  state  in  custards,  puddings,  blancmange,  and  oihw  culinary  nnd 
cimfectionary  articles,  but  always  in  very  small  quantities.  Any  soil  tolerably 
dry  will  suit  the  common  laurel  ;  but,  to  thrive, 
It  requires  a  sheltered  situatiou,  and  a  deep  free 
soil.  It  thrives  better  as  an  undergrowth  than, 
l>erhaps,  any  other  lirncous  plant,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  box  and  the  holly. 


•  I  30.  C  C 

Ufntfjleation.    MIchx.  Ft.  Bdt.  Amer.,  1.  h  9SI 

du  Hun.,  i.  y.b.;  Dca'i  Hia,  1.  p.  DIG. 
Sgmtiva.    Prilnm  cuollnlliu  Ju.  tfarl.   M 


Etfrartrnfi.    Mlchl.  Arti.  d'Ainef.,  3. 1 1. ;  »nd  our  Jig,  tH, 

Spec.CAar.,  ^c.  Eveigreen.  Leaves,  with  the 
petiole  short ;  and  the  disk  lanceolate-oblong, 
inucronate,  even,  rather  coriaceous,  mostly 
entire.  Flowers  densely  disposed  in  axillary 
racemes,  that  are  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Fruit  nearly  globose,  mucronate.  {Dec,  Prod,) 
An  ever);rccn  shrub  or  low  tree ;  in  England 
a  tender  shrub.  North  America,  from  Cnrulina 
to  Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Islands.     Heigbt 


-o*^ 


XXVI.    AOSA^CE£:    PU'RSH/-rf. 


297 


20ft.  to  30ft.     Introduced  in  1759.     Flowers  white;  May.     Drupe  dark 
purple ;  ripe  ?. 

This  tree  Michaux  considers  as  one  of  the  most  beautiful  vegetable  pro- 
ductions of  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States  ;  and  it  is  generally  se- 
lected by  the  inhabitants  to  plant  near  their  houses,  not  only  on  this  account, 
but  because  it  grows  with  rapidity,  and  affords  an  impenetrable  shade.  Pursh 
describes  it  as  a  handsome  ever^een  shrub,  resembling  C,  lusit&nica ;  but  he 
says  nothing  of  the  flowers,  which,  from  the  figure  in  Michaux,  from  which 
ours  was  copied,  appear  to  be  almost  without  petals.  Seeds  are  ft^quently 
imported  from  America,  and  abundance  of  young  plants  reared ;  but,  as  they 
are  rather  tender,  and,  north  of  London,  would  require  the  protection  of  a 
wall,  they  are  very  seldom  seen  in  British  gardens.  The  largest  plant  which 
we  know  of  is  in  Hampshire,  at  Swallowfield,  where,  in  1833,  it  formed  a 
bush  10  ft.  high,  with  a  nead  about  12ft.  in  diameter,  flowering  and  fruiting 
occasionally.  Culture  as  in  C  virginilina,  but  north  of  London  it  requires  the 
protection  of  a  wall. 


Sect.  II.     Sfirme^je. 
Genus  VI. 


□ 


W^RSllIA  Dec.    Tub  Purshia.    Lin.  St/tt.  Icos4ndria  Monog/nia. 

Identiflcaiiom.  Dec.  In  Trans,  of  linn.  Soc.,  IS.  p.  157. ;  Prod.,  8.  p.  Ml. ;  Llodl.  In  Boi.  Reg. 
L  1 M6. ;  Don*«  MiU..  2.  p.  617. 

Sunottyme.    T^itrra  Ph.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  83&,  not  of  Aiiblet. 

Derivation,  Frederick  Pwrsk  flnt  characterised  the  only  known  species  In  his  n>ra  Ameriat, 
Sep^ntrionalfs,  and  named  it  Tigirea  tridentita.  The  generic  name,  howerer,  having  been 
preoceaplnd  by  Aublet,  De  CandoUe  has  named  ttie  present  genus  after  PWsh  himself. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-cleft ;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse.  Petals  5,  obovate.  Stamens 
about  25,  rising  with  the  petals  from  the  calyx.  Carpels  1 — 2,  ovate  oblong, 
pubescent,  tapering  into  the  style  at  the  apex,  at  length  opening  by  a  lon- 
gitudinal chink.    Seed  1,  inserted  in  the  base  of  the  carpel.  (D<m*s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  grouped  together,  cuneate,  2 — 3-toothed  at  the  apex, 
stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  yellow.  —  Shrub,  of  which 
there  is  only  one  species  known. 

jk  1.  P.  TRiDBNTA^TA  Dec,    The  3-toothed-/^ave(/  Purshia. 

Idenlifleatkm.    Dec  fai  Lin.  Trans.,  19.  p.  187. ;  Prod.,  2.  p.  541. 

fimoMir.     Tigdrea  tridentiu  Ph,  Fl,  Amer,  Sept..,  I .  p.  383. 1. 1  A.,  not  of  Aublet. 

Engrningt.    1%.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1. 15. ;  Bot.  Reg^  1. 1446. ;  and  our^s.  487,  488L 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  obcuneate,  3- 
dentate,  crowded  on  the  points  of  the 
shoots,  hairy  above,  and  tomentose 
beneath.  Flowers  terminal  on  short 
peduncles.  (jPA.  Fl,  Amer,)  A  spreading 
shrub.  North  America,  on  pastures 
by  the  river  Columbia.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  ft.  Introduced  in  1826.  Flowers 
yellow;  July.    Carpels?. 


487.  P.bUcBtttA. 


488.    F.  trldenuta. 


Almost  the    only  shrub   to  be  seen 
through  an  immense  tract  of  barren  sandy 
soil,  from  the  head  source  of  the  Missouri,  to  the  Falls  of  the  Columbia.    The 
pbnts  in  tlic  London  gardens  were  all  killed  in  the  winter  of  1837-8. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BIIITANNICUH. 


□ 


KS.'JLRIA  Dec.     Thb  Khbbia.    Lm.  SyH.  Icosfaidria  Polygfnta. 

/dmIfilaifAa.    D<c  In  Tnu-of  Lin.  Soc..  IS.  p.lH.;  Prod.,  1.  p.  Ml. ;  Doo'i  MHJ..  1.  p.U7. 

Snu^niKi.    Xilliui  L,  COnikanu  nun*.,  jpln'i  Cmiit. 

Scr^MaaH.    Nunad  In  bonoor  of  W.  Ktr,  ■  coUector  of  pluti  for  Ibe  Km  Gudnu. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5-cIeft;  lobes  ovate,  3  of  which  are  obtuse,  and  the  other 
two  calloiuilf  mucronate  at  the  apex  ;  imbricate  in  Kgliration.  Pelait  &, 
orbicular.  Slameru  about  SO,  arisinf  'tdiu  the  calyx  with  the  petals,  ex> 
tened.  Carpett  5 — 8,  globose,  free,  ^abroiu,  each  niding  in  a  filifonn  style. 
Seed  aolitai^.  (Dot^t  MtiL) 

Leavei  simple,  ovate,  lanceolate,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  coarsely 
and  unequally  serrated,  feather-nerved,  conduplicate.     Flowen  yellow. 

■  1.  K.  jApa'NiCA  Dfc.     The  Japan  Kerria. 

Smaat'f.    Jflbut  Jipdnlciu  Lta.  lltml.  Ml.  i  OtKtiarui  lauSnleiu  numb.  FI.  J^.  m.  i  Splia'a 

Jipfak*  Ciml.  Am^  Sd.  Hal.  I.p.  MS. :  Spirit  du  Jinrn,  Fr. 
Bntraittgi.    iwt.Biit.n.  aui.,Mmr.l.m.\  inioarflt.im. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate,  lanceolate,  coarsely  and   unequally  serralei), 
festheT-nerved ;    stipules   linear,   subulate.      A   deciduous   shridi.    Japan. 
Height  3  ft.  to  5  fi      Introduc«d  in  1835.     Flowers  yellow ;   March   lo 
June,  and  often  all  the  ■ununo'.    Carpels  i*. 
Variety. 

■  K.  J.  tjidreplmo  (Bat,  Rt^.,  t.587.;  Bot.  Hag.,  t.  1296.;  and  our 
Jtg.  iW.^FIowers  double.  Introduced  in  1700,  and  in  very  general 
culture  in  British  gardens. 


I.    Kktaji^tala.  190.    KkiteJ.  Bin  pitoii. 


It   h 


It  very  p 
bark  ;  twig-like  branches ;  leaves  that  arc  orateJanceolate,  and  serrated  with 
large  and  unequal  teeth,  feather-vraned,  and  concave  on  the  upper  surface; 
stipules  that  are  llncar-subulate.  The  single-flowered  variety  was,  until 
1935,  only  known  through  a  solitary'  specimen  received  from  Thunberg  by  Lin- 
nteus,  and  preserved  in  the  herbanum  of  that  great  botanist,  now  in  the  pos- 
aession  of  tne  Linnman  Society.  It  was  after  craraining  this  spedmen  that  De 
Candolle  removed  it  from  the  genua  <7<1rchoruB,  and  fiinned  that  of  Kerria. 
The  double  variety  is  generally  planted  against  a  wall,  more  especially  north 
of  Iiondon.  It  is  easily  and  rapidly  propaipted  by  its  suckers,  and  grows  freely 
In  any  conunon  soil. 


xxTi.  ro8ace;e:  ^pir^  a. 


QLJU 

SPIRS'A  £.     Thb  Spirsa.     Lin.  Syit.  Icoraiidria  IM-Pentagynia. 

UtMtlflfn.    LlB.O«..No.fi3a.)  OEKii.Fnicl.,l.F.M7.t.».:  D«.I'r()d.,l.p.M],;    Dgn'I 

Hid.,  1.  p-  m- 

Sf  minima.     Splm'ii  tp.  CmiietKAi  Horn.  Sflr.  In  Amt.  Set.  Hal.  1.  p.  IIT. ;  Spltie,  Ft.  ;  Sfiit- 

Dcrfwalim.  From  Mrnrra,  >  conl.  In  rgfareoce  to  the  inpfBieil  aexlUlitT  af  Iha  bnucliEi  ot  how 
of  t}H ipedn ;  or, according  to  tome^Irtaa  ipriraA.,  to  wnnth  ;  In  ■lliuioD  to tbe  BtnuM <iS  the 

weraiuel,  Inhli  time,  for Tuklog futaadc ;  liut  that  [^1  U  Itaoogfai  bjioma  to  luTobom  tho 

Geo.  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft,  perniBiient.  Slaptetu  10 — 50,  inserted  in  the  torus, 
lining  the  calyx  along  with  the  petals.  Carpelt  solitary,  or  several  tocher, 
rarely  connected  at  the  base,  ending  in  short  points,  sessile,  rarely  stipitate. 
Seedt  2—6.  {Don't  MUL) 

Leave!  ustially  simple,  but  sometimes  pinnately  cut,  having  pinnate,  or 

palotately  temate,  nerves  ;  alternate,  atipuUite,  deciduous.    Flowen  white  or 

reddish,  never  yellow.  —  Shrubs,  low,  deciduous.    Europe,  Ana,  Americs. 

Generally  of  erect  erowth,  with  conspicuous  flowers  of  considerable  elegance 

and  beauty.     The  naked  young  wood,  in  almost  all  the  species,  is  of  a  dn* 

raunon  brown  ;  and,  in  those  kinds  in  which  the  shoots  are  numerous  so  as  to 

proihice  a  mass,  the  effect  is  conspicuous  in  the  winter  season.     They  are  alt 

readily  propagated  by  suckers,  which,  in  general,  they  produce  u  abundance, 

and  they  mil  grow  in  ony  common  soil. 

j  i.  Physoc&rpos  Camb. 

Dtrivatioti.    From  fJHua,  ft  bUddflr.  ud  jhtriuf ,  x  frnlt  i  to  ntnnaot  to  tbfl  Uwldnj  cup^. 

Sect.  Char.  Ovaries  connected  at  the  base.  Torus  lining  the  calycine  tube. 
Carpels  blodderv,  rather  membranous.  Ovula  S — 3,  fixed  to  toe  semini- 
ferous marein  m  the  carpel,  ovoid,  at  first  horizontal,  but  at  length  sus- 
pended. Pfowers  hermapnrodite,  disposed  in  umtxJs.  Pedicels  l-flowered. 
Leaves  toothed,  or  somewhat  lobed,  usually  stipulate,  {pon't-MUL,  p.  5 1 T.) 

I.  S.  OPULiFo^LiA  L.    The  Ouelder-RosO'leaved  Spiraea,  or  Virffiaan 
Guelder  Sate, 

MnUtficaUtm.     LIB.  Sd.,T09.;  Die.  Prod..  S.  p.  Ml. ;  Don'i  Hill,  1.  p.  EIT. 
snrnqmn.    Nine  Birk,  Jmtr, ;  Etonlmo  del  Cmedl.  Ilal. 
Eitgramii^.    V.  Da  HKid.,G.  t.  H-\  and  our J^J.  491,  499. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  lobed,  or  3Jobed,  and  par- 
taking of  an  ovate  figure,  doubly  serrated,  petioled, 
and  many  of  them  slipuled.     Flowers  white,  nume- 
rous,  disposed    in    stalked   hemi- 
spherical corymbs ;  the  pedicel  of 
'   each  flower  slender  and  glatH-ouB. 
y  Sepals  spreading.      Torus  wholly 
)  connate  with  the  tube  of  the  calyx. 
Ovaries  connate  with  each  other 
'  at  the  base.     Ovules  in  eitch  2 — 3, 
affixed  to  the  margin,  ^g-shaped, 
at   first  horizontal,  at  length  the 
one  penduloiu,  the  rest  ascending. 
4111.  a.iniuiu.       Carpels  bladdery,  rather  membran-  ^^   « -ouftiu. 

aceous,  large  and  diverging.  Seeds 
obuvatc,  glossy,  and  yellow.  (Dec,  Prod,}   A  large  shrub.     North  America, 
from  Cunaila  to  Carolina.    Height  8  ft  to  10  ft.  Introd,  in  1690,  Flowers 


300 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


white  ;  June  and  July.  Capsule  inflated  red  ;  ripe  in  September.  Decaying 
leaves  purplish  red,  mixed  with  yellow.     Naked  young  wood  light  brown. 

Hardy,  and  very  ornamental,  from  its  abundance  of  white  flowers,  which  are 
produced  in  corymbs,  and  resemble  those  of  the  Guelder  rose;  and  from  the 
numerous  inflated  reddish  capsules  which  succeed  the  flowers.  Propagated 
by  division  of  the  root ;  but  sometimes  by  layers,  or  by  cuttings  of  the 
young  wood  put,  in  autumn,  in  a  shady  border,  in  a  sandy  soil. 

Varieiies, 

di  S.  o.  2  tomenUUa  Ser.  has  the  peduncles  and  calyx  tomentose.  {Dec, 
Prod,)  It  is  found  at  the  Grand  Rapids  of  the  Columbia  River. 

^  8.  o.  3  manSgyna,  S.  mon6gyna  Torrey,  Don's 
Mill.  2.  p.  518. — A  native  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  3  or  4  feet. 
It  is  considered  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  as  a  va- 
riety of  S,  opulifolia. 

A  2.  S,  CAPITA^A  Ph,     The  cnpitiate-<!oiymbed  Spirsea. 

Identification.    Ph.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  1.  p.S42.;  Camti.  Monog. ;  Dec. 

Prod.,  a.  p.  649. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  618. 
fymonifme.    S.  opullfblia  var.  Hook. 
Engraviftg.  Our  Jig.  349.  from  a  specimen  In  the  Lambertian  herbarium . 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  doubly  toothed,  almost 
lobed  ;  beneath  reticulate  and  tomentose.  Flowers 
disposed  in  terminal  subcapitate  corymbs  placed  on 
very  long  peduncles.  Calyx  tomentose.  (JDec,  Prod,) 
A  deciduous  shrub.  N.  America,  on  its  eastern  coast 
by  the  River  Columbia.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1827.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 


•<9S.    5.  capilttia. 


{  ii.   Charrus^dryon  Ser. 


DerHtaUon.    From  Ckama^drsftt  the  name  of  the  germander ;  from  a  similarity  in  the  form  of  the 
leares. 

Sect.  Char,  Ovaries  distinct.  Torus  with  its  base  connate  with  the  tube  of 
the  calyx,  but  with  its  tip  separate.  Carpels  not  inflated.  Flowers  each 
upon  a  distinct  pedicel,  and  disposed  in  umbels  or  corymbs.  Leaves  entire, 
or  toothed,  without  stipules.  (2)ec,  Prod,,  ii.  p.  542.) 

m  3.  S.  chahjedrifo'lia  L,    The  Germander-leaved  Spiraea. 

Ideni^leation.    Lin.  Sp.,  701. ;  Camb.  Monog. ;  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  542. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  6ia 

l^monyme.    S.  cantomensis  Lour. 

Engravings,    Pall.  FI.  Ross.,  1. 15. ;  and  oar  Jig,  496. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  cut  at  the  tip  in  a  serrated  manner,  glabrous. 
Flowers  upon  long  slender  pedicels,  in  hemispherical  corymbs.  Sepals 
veiny,  reflexed.  (Dec,  Prod,)  An  erect  shrub.  Siberia,  Kamtschatka,  Da- 
huria,  the  N.  W.  coast  of  N.  America,  China,  and  Japan.  Height  2  It. 
to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1789.  Flowers  white ;  June  and  July.  Capsule 
reddish ;  ripe  Sept.    Naked  young  wood  light  brown. 

Varieties,  Seringe  enumerates  the  first  four  of  the  fol- 
lowing forms  of  this  species ;  to  which,  we  think,  might 
be  added  S.  tthnifdlia,  S,  flexuosa,  S,  cratsegifdlia,  S,  be- 
tulsfdlia,  and,  perhaps,  some  others. 

A  S.  c.  I  vulgdrit  Camb.  Monog.  —  Leaves  with 
the  disks  broad  and  glabrous  ;  the  petioles  ci- 
liated. 
A  S.  c.  2  media  Ph.  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  3i2.,  Camb. 
Monog.,  and  our /g.494'.— Leaves  smaller,  slight- 
ly villose  upon  both  surfaces.  Flowers  smaller. 
Wild  in  Canada,  and  upon  the  rocks  of  Dahuria.      ^^^^  g  j.  ^4^,,. 


XXVt.    SOSACE^:    SPIRJE  A.  301 

■  8.  c.  3  oblongijoiia   Camb.  Modos.     S.  oblongi> 

(l,]iaWaMil.etXii.  PI.  Hung.  iu.  p.  eBl.t.i3S. 
—  Leaves  narrower,  and  teas  serrated. 
M  S.  c,  4  tubriKemaia  8cr.  —  Flowers  diataotiy  di». 
posed  along  a  lengtheoed  rscbis. 

■  8.  c.  5  mciia  Hort.  (S.  cfaunEedrifolia  latifolia 

Horl.)  has  been  raised   from  eeede  received 

from  Qermony  throu^  Mr.  Hunneman ;  and 

it  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  thia  species. 
Id  Kamtschatka  the  leaves  are  used  as  a  substitute  for 
tea  ;  nnd  the  shoots,  when  straight,  are  bored  for  to- 
bacco-pipes. In  its  wild  state,  it  varies  exceedingly  in 
the  magnitude  of  the  entire  plant,  in  the  largeness  or  I 
smallnesB  of  its  leaves,  and  in  their  being  more  or  less  | 
cut  or  serrated,  and  more  or  less  smooth  or  pubescent,  ' 
A  very  (Huamental  hardy  shrub,  producing  its  corymbs  of 
white  flowers,  which  are  tolerably  large,  in  June  and 

July.  It  is  said  to  make  beautiful  garden  hedges.  Though  the  seeds  ripen 
in  Ei^land,  plants  can  seldom  be  raised  fl-om  them  (  and,  as  this  species  does 
not  produce  mckers  freely,  it  is  generally  raised  by  layers  or  cuttings. 

A  i.  S.  (c.)  injiiFo'Lii  A-op.    The  Ehn4eaved  Spirva. 

MntflivliBa.    ScopL  Fl.  Cvn., ad.  1.  TUL  1.  p.SM,  i  Dec.  PmL,  1.  p.  MS.;  Dod'i  Mill.,  9.p.D]S. 

tpmamgrnt.    S.  cbimHlTUblll  JaCf.  Hetl.  fMot.  t.  IM. 

emtr*tK^.    Bol.Rti.,t,  im.1  BotCH.,  IWa-i  mlourj(r-««. 

Spec.  Our.,  rjc.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  flat,  sharply  serrated,  ciliated. 
Flowers  terminal,  in  rather  hemispherical  corymbs.  SepalB  reflexed.  {^Dec. 
Prt>d.)  An  erect  shrub.  Carintnia  and  Siberia.  Height  3  ft.  to  S  ft  In- 
troduced iu  1790.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  One  of  the  hand- 
somest species  of  this  sectioD. 


«  8.  (c)  u.  8  pkyUdnlha  Ser,  (Our  fig.  4S7.)  —  In  this  variety  a  whorl 
of  distinct  leaves,  that  are  petioled,  lanceolate,  and  sharply  serrated, 
occupies  the  place  of  the  sepals,  and  is  deicrib^  as  being  these  trans- 
formed.  Petals  and  stamens  are  cither  not  present,  or  deformed, 
(Dec.  Prod.) 

■  5.  5.  (c.)  FLBxuo'si  FiuA.     The  fiexih\e-6rimiAed  Spirna. 
Mauiftiitiom.    Flub.  In  Ulc. j  CMnb.  Moawt- 1  Dm.  PmL,  1.  f.  MS. ;  Don'i  HIU..  S.  p.  SIS. 
S«M»iMi.    S.alpbuMiirl.  nw.,  ■osnlliif  uC(Db.udF<Kli.liiLlll.S.i  S.  ilUrlu  Aim. 
iusraHmtt.    Cimb.  Monof.  ^>lr.li>  AnnTBcL  HU..  l.tH.;  •iHlourjt(.498. 
Sptc.  CKar^  ^e.     Leaves  lanceolate,  glabrous ;  from  the  tip  to  the  middle 


ARBOHETUH    ET    FRUTICEI'UH    BRITANMICUM. 

ilentately  swrate.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
A  elcnder-branched  Bbrub.  Native  country  unknown. 
"  '  't  4ft.  to  6  n.  Cultivated  in  IBSO.  Flowers 
white  ;  Jjoe  and  July.  Capsule  reddish;  ripe  in  Sep- 
tember. 
Varieiin.  S.  flexudsa  ktif&lia  Hort. ;  S.  diiilrica  Hurt. ; 
S.  ulmifblio,  S.  carpinif&Lici,  S.  Aetulslblin,  in  Messrs. 
Loddiges's  collection,  are  identical  with,  or  very  slight 
of,  this  species. 


I.    (c.)    Cratjgg: 
The  Cratt^us-leaved  Spinea. 


U. 


.  _  p".»46.  ;  Don'l  iilll'.,  i.  p.618. 

Eafranint.     Oaijig.  TO3. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves   obovate, 
isa.  9.(i.;anMH.  obluae;  in  the  terminal  part  doubly 

serrate ;  glabrous,  reticulate  on  the  under  surface. 
Flowers  white,  disposed  in  terminal  compound  corj'mbe, 
whose  composite  parts  are  rather  capitate.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Native  country  unknown. 
Cultivated  in  I8i3.     Flowers  white  -,  June  and  July. 


The   Birch- 


a    7.    S.    (C.)   ABTULffO'LIA    Pali. 

lenved  Spirfea. 

UtnlifitaaoH.     Ptil.  F1.  Roil,,  1.  p.  79.  (  Due.  Prnd..  1.  p.  Mt.  \ 
7  S-  coryiobftu  Ri^.  In  Dtn.  Jimrn.  \  ?  5.  entrgl- 
■milnti.    Piil.'n.'sw..  1.  LIS.  I  uidour/g.Sn. 
7.  Ckar,,  rfr.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  ncrmtcd, 

Sbroua ;  the  petiole  very  short.     Flowers  in 
tigiate  panicles.    Carpels  5,  upright,  glabrous. 
(flee.  Pnd.)     An  erect  shrub.     Sibena;   and 


Height  3  a.  to  6  ft.  Int 
1S12.  Floirers  white;  Ji 
July.  Capsule  red  ;  ripe 
8.  S.  ca'na  Wt^dtt.  et  KU 
boaxy-leaved  Spirsa. 

Utntificalioa.     Wildil.    el    KIL 

£iWrii>^j."Waldit.'etKlt.  PI.  Itjt 
Z.t.wf.;  udoutJ^.UI. 

Spec.  Char.  ^c.  Leaf  ovate, 
of  about  the  nze  of  that 
of  5bUx  ripens  or  5.  ar- 
gfintea,  acute,  perfectly 
entire.or  si i^tly  toothed,  ( 
hoarily  villose.  Corymbs 
somewhat  racemose ;  the 
lateral  ones  pedunc!ed,of 
few  flowers,  and  lax.  Se- 
pals spreadbg.  Styles 
thick.  Carpels  divergent, 
rather  villose.(ZJ«'.  Prod. ) 
A  low  shrub.      Croatia, 


Sfmittgme.    , 


XXVI.  sos/l'ceje:  a'firx'a.  303 

on  bi^  rocks.     Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.     lotroduced  in  1835.     Flowers  white; 
Jane  and  Jul;.     Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 
A  very  dittinct  little  specie*  approaching  S.  eactnniilolia,  D.  Don.    H.  S. 
ft  9.  S.  trilobaVa  L.    The  S-lobed-^MoeEf  Spiraea. 

,  M«.  1  CuBb.  HnKI.  i  Dae.  Fitxl..  2  p.  Ml, 

■'(  Mia.  X,  p.  US. 

...    ,  1.  LIT-i  VfiU.  Dmd.  Brit.,  t.es.,  uilri- 
^lec.  Char,,   tfc.      Leaves    roundish,   lobed,   crenated, 

glabrous,  reticulately  veined.     Flowers  in  umbel-tike 

corjmbs.   Sepals  ascending.   Cancels  glBbrout.  (Hfc. 

Prod.}    A  low  erect  shrub.    Alps  ofAltai.    Height 

1ft.  to  Sft.     Introduced  in  1601.     Flowers  white  ; 

Hsj.     Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September.  [^. 

This  species  is  veir  handsome,  with  branchei  spread-  ^p 

ing  horizontal!;,  and  bearing,  in  the  flowering  season,  lF 

numerous   compact   conrrobs   of  pure   white   flowers  i  ^g,.  lwuiiu. 

which,  combined  with  the  neat  appearance  of  the  plant, 
and  its  glaucous  leaves,  rounded  in  theii*  outline,  and  yet  lobed,  render  the 
species  a  verj'  interesting  and  ornamental  one. 

m   10.  S.  alpi'na  PaH     The  Stberian  alpine  Spiraea. 

Cmmb.  Henag.-,  I>K  PnxL.S.  p.  M«.i  Don't  HUl.,  1.  pTiie. 
£i«r»A«t.    Fi]J.Fl.ltiM,l.t.«i,;  udoarjb.fioa. 
Spec.  OuxT.,  l^c.     Leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  ses- 
sile, serrulated,  glabrous ;  the  midrib  pinnatelv 

branched.     Flowers  in  tenmnal,  stalled,  and, 

in  man;  instances,  leafless,  corymbs.     Sepali 

ascending.     {Hec.  Prod.)      An   erect   shrub. 

Siberia,  in  wooded  alps.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 

Introduced  in  1B06.  Flowers  white ;  June  and 

July.     Ccqisule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  corymbs  of  flowers  being  la^  in  propor- 
tion to  the  leaves  renders  this  species  very  oma- 
inentaLwhen  in  bloom  ;  and  its  beautyis  farther       *        »>.  ■.upb.. 
hdghteaed  by  the  plant  bdng  of  erect  growth. 

■  II.  S.  BTPBtiiclPO^UA  Dec.     The  HypericuDi-leaved  Spirien. 

7^ni({llnifi'n,    D«. Fl.  Fr.,  t.  f.  MS,;  Frod,.  1.  f.  NS.;  Dcni'i Hill.,  1.  p.  Sift 

Sfmlmrma.    .^ptricnm  frOt»  Horl.  i  lUUu  Mqi. 

Sngrnli^i-    atw  Varietia. 

Spec.  Char.,  fc.  Leaves  obora(e>oblong,  3— 4-oerved,  entire  or  toothed, 
glabrous,  slightly  downy  ;  primary  vein9  pinnately  branched.  Flowers  in 
dther  peduncled  corymbs,  or  sessile  umbels.  Petucels  glabrous,  or  lightly 
dovniy.  Sepals  ascending.  A  species  that  presents  diversified  appearances. 
(Dec,  ^Vod.)  -An  erect  Mirub.  Supposed  by  some  to  be  a  native  of  Ca- 
nada ;  but  Smith  and  Hooker  think  that,  like  most  of  '^ 
the  species  of  the  section  to  which  it  belongs,  it  is  only 
to  be  found  wild  in  the  Old  World.  H^t  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varietiet.  Seringe  has  characterised  six  forms  of  this  tpedes, 
which  he  describes  as  follows  :  — 

■  S.  h.  1  uraUruit  Ser.  S.  crensta  Lin.,  FinA.  in 
IJtt..  and  Don'i  MilL  ii.  p.  519.;  S.  Ajpericif&IJB 
Comb.  Monog.  (Our  fig.  504.)  —  Branches  rigid. 


4  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BHITANNICUH. 

thickUh.     Leaves  ovate-rounded ;   tlie  whole   raargin  crenated.     A 

nadre  of  the  Ural  Mountuns.  ^ 

«  8.b.SPiiikeitetiaaA  Ser.  S.  hypenciftiVm'f 

Lin,  Sp.  PI.  701.,  and  Don'i  MUl.  ii. 

p.  519.;    S.  k.  TOT.  fi  Dec.  Fl.  Ft.  t. 

p.  645.   (Pluk.  Phyt..  t.218.  f.5.)  — 

Leaves    perfectly    entire,     glabroua. 

Flowers  in  aesaile  corjmbi.     A  native 

of  Canada. 
«  S.  h.  3  amta  Ber.    5.  acutif^lia  wm. 

Enitm.  540.,  Camb.  Monog.,  and  Don'i 

MiU.a.f.Si\9.;  S.mhinca  Horl.  Par., 

according  to  Comb.   Monog. ;   S.  ani- 

bfgua  Pall.   (Our^fe. 505.)— Leaves  „,   !».««. 

spathulate,   elongate,  acute,   perfectly 

entire,  or  rarely  3 — 5-toothed,  rather  glabrous.     Ftowen  in  seaaile 

corymbs, 
a  S.  h.  4  crenata  Ser.    S.  obovnta   WaUitt.  d   Kit.  9    in   WUIJ.    EnuM. 

Ml.,  Camb.  Monog.,  Bar.  Icon.  Rar.  n.  1376.  t.  564.;  5.  Ayperici- 

<31ia  y  Dec.  FL  Fr.   v.  p.  045.  ;   5.  creniita  Lm.  %  701,   Camb. 


\ 


m  8.  h.  5  lavrdnica  Ser.     S,   savranica   Baier   in  Lit!.,  Don'i  Mill.  n. 

a.  519. ;  S.  crenata  Pall.  Fl.  Ron.  i.  p.  35.  t.  10. ;  S.  Aypericilolia 

VBT.  (3  longiC&lia  Led.  Fl.  Ron.  All.  ilL  t.  429.     (Our  fie.  507.)  — 

Ail  parts  pubescent.     Leaves  entire,  or,  at  the  tip,  toothed.  Flowers 

minute,  dispoaed  in  dense  terminal  corymbs.     It  is  wild  about  Bar- 

naoul,  and  in  Podolia. 

■  8.  h.  6  BetterAxa.  Ser.     S.  cren^U   Betirr   in   Litt.  ;  S.  savranica  ^ 

Besiertona  Don's  Mill.  iL  p.  519.  (Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1852;  and  our 

fi^.  50B.W All  parts  rather  glabrous.  Leaves  mostly  entire.  Flowers 

disposed  in  rather  lax  terminal  corymbs.     A  native  of  Podolia  and 

Caucasus. 

Other  Variebei  or  Synonyma.   The  following  kinds,  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's 

collection,  and  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  appear  to  be  dther  identical  with, 

or  varieties  of,  S.  AypericifSlia :  —  S".  inflSita  Wendland  (Hort.  6oc.  Gard.), 

S.  obovata  Wemilaml  (Hort.  ^c.  Onrd.),  S.  argentea,  S.  cune&ta,  S.  nilna, 

S.  alpina,  5.  acutif&lia,  S,  deciimbens. 

Tills  species  has  small  hard  sterna,  with  numerous  ride  branches,  clothed 
with  a  dark  green  baric,  and  with  numerous  wedge-ehaped  leaves,  like  those  of 
8l  John's  wort,  with  glands  in  their  substance,  which  give  them  the  sfipear- 
aace  of  being  punctui«d  on  the  surface  j  whence  the  name.     The  flowers  are 


xxTi,  aosa'cex:  fPinf^A.  305 

produced  in  great  BbuDdance ;  and,  when  the  shrub  ia  allowed  space  to  ex- 
pand on  everf  side,  it  forni*  a  very  beautiful  bush  in  the  flowering  season.     It 
make*  handsome  garden  hedges,  and  will  bear  the  Bhews,  which  were  formerly 
applied  to  it,  to  shape  it  into  artiGcial  forms,  when 
topiary  work  was  fashionable  in  garden  scenery.     It 
is  readily  propagated  by  layers,  or  by  detaching  its 


tgmmumri.    S.  iqullfgllUll  FaU.  IHm.  I.  App.TM.    Vv.9*.;   S.tj- 

perlcUalU  lar.  Un ;  iDi]  S.  llptu  luUMlL 
2ivrnAv>.    FmILFI. Ilau.,1. 1.18-1  *iiilaui.ri(-HS. 

l^c.atar.,9c.     Leaves  ot>om«,  obtuse,  indistinctly 
3-lobed,  inconspicuously  S^terred,  glaucous  beneath. 
Flowns  iu  lateral  sesnle  umbels.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A    K 
low  erect  shrub.    Alps  of  Dohuria.    Height  1  ft.  to  /7 
3ft.     Introduced  in  1816.    Flowers  white;  Hay  and 
June.     Capsule  reddish  ;  ripe  in  September.  us 

A  13.  S.  cchbifo'lii  Wall.     The  wedge-leared  SpirKa. 

.    09,  No.) 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves   oral   or   obovate,  obtuse, 
sCslked,  quite  entire,  rillous ;  corj-mbs  crowded,  and 


as  well  as  the  branches  tomentose.  (Dctt'i  ATiU.) 
An  erectJ>renched  canescent  sbrub,  with  the  habit  of 
S.  Arpericif&Ua.  Nepal,  at  Sirinogur.  Hdght  7.  In- 
troduced in  1637.  Fbwers  white,  downy,  in  close 
coiymboae  panicles. 

The  leaves  are  smaU,  thick,  downy,  we^e-ehaped, 
and  ather  crenated  near  the  point,  or  untUvidedi  they 
'   .  and  glaucous  bc- 
eppearence,  which 


sBeww.    The  Kkow  Spiraa.  SP: 

, n.Poil.,p.«.So.l«8.iD«.Prod,».  i\* 

P.N3.1  Dna'ilim.,  1.0.  Mft  ...     . _,. 

EiHipAAw.    Our  A- '»»■  1"  1^  (W-  «-~a*ifc 

Spec,  (^ar.,  4^.  Leaves  with  three  primary  veins,  and  serrate  at  the  tip,  cu- 
neateJanceolote,  obtuse,  rarely  pointed.  Flowers  in  peduncled  corymbs. 
(Drc.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Podolia  at  Pikow.  Hei^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
iDttod.  in  1807.    Flowers  white ;  June  and  July. 

■  13.  S.  cvANOTBiroYiA  Horn.     The  Ceanothus- 
leaved  Spima. 

MntfScaMiB.    Roni.  H(nt.HllfB,p.tM6.i  I>CC.Fit>d..l.B.«M. 
Kmtrwnmt.    Ova.  ill. 

iipcc.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base, 
serrated  from  the  middle  to  the  tip  with  sharp  un- 
equal teeth.  Flowers  in  indislTnctly  peduncled  | 
terminal  corymbs.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub. 
Native  country  unknown.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1883.      Flowers  white;  June  and  "         ,  niMiiniiinin 

July.    Capsule  reddish  ;  ripe  in  September. 


306 


ARBORETUM    ET   FUUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


16.  S.  coRYMBO^SA  liaf.   The  corymbose^owering  Spiraea. 


Rafin.  Pr£cis  del  D^couTcrtes  Somlologlqiict,  ou  Zoologlquec 
oUuilqiies  (Palerme,  1814),  p.  96,  i  and  In  Detr.  Joura.  BoC.,  1814,  p.l68.; 


6 IS.    S.  eetjmhdm. 


IdtmijAeaiion. 

et  DoUuilqiii 

Dec.  Prod.  2.  p.  M4 
Engravings,    Lod.  Dot.  Cab.,  t.  671.  i  and  onr  fig.  612. 

Spec,  Char,^  Sfc,  Leaves  oval-oblong,  unequally  serrated,  gla- 
brous, green  above,  hoary  below.  Flowers  trigynous,  dis- 
posed in  terminal  corymbs.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  handsome 
shrub.  Virginia.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introd.  in  1819. 
Flowers  white,  produced  in  great  abundance ;  June  and  July. 
Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  in  Sept. 

Variety, 

^  S.  c.  2  sordria,  S.  sororia  Pennt/  in  Hori,  Brit.,  is  a 

smaller  plant,  seldom  growing  higher  than  2  ft.,  and  flowers  rather 
later  than  the  species. 

A  very  desirable  species,  on  account  of  its  large  corymbs  of  white  flowers, 
and  its  distinctness  in  external  character. 

M  \1*  S,  FACCiNiiFoYiA  1>.  Don,  The  Vaccinium-leared 

Spiraea. 

Identification,    Don  Prod.  Fl.  Kcp.,  1 .  p.  227. }  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  546. ; 

Don*iMiU..2.  p.  518. 
Syntmyme.    S.  dotantlfblia  Hort. 
Engravingi.    Bet  Cab.,  t.  1430. ;  and  our  flg»blZ. 

Spec,  Char,^  8fc,  Upright.  Branchlets  hairy.  Leaves 
elliptical,  acute,  serrated  at  the  tip,  glabrous,  glaucous 
on  the  under  surface.  Flowers  disposed  in  terminal 
tomentose  cymes,  a  few  in  a  cyme.  {Dec,  Prod.) 
An  upright  shrub.  Nepal.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1820.  Flowers  white ;  July  and  August. 
Capsule  reddish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

M  18.  S.  LAXiFLO^RA  Lhidl.    The  loose-flowered 

Spiraea. 

Identification.    Llndl.  Bot  R«g.  M.  Chron.  1830,  No.  89. 
Engraving.    Our  Jig.  000.  in  p.  COO. 

Spec,  Char,^  S^c.  Branches  weak,  round,  downy.  Leaves  smooth,  ovate-crenate, 
long-stalked,  glaucous  beneath.  Panicles  loose,  vtilose^  Petals  reflexed. 
(Lmdl,)  A  shrub  resembling  S,  vacciniifolia  in  the  form  of  the  leaves, 
and  the  colour  of  their  under  surface.  Nepal.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced  in  1838.  Flowers  white,  in  large,  loose,  shaggy  panicles ;  July  and 
August. 

jt  19.  S,  BE^LLA  Sims.    The  beautiful  Spii*aea. 

IdemfflcaUon.      Simi;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  542. ;  Don*8  Mill.,  2.  p.  518. 
Engraioini^.    Bot  Mag.,  t.  2426.  \  and  our^i!;.  514. 

Sjyec.  Ckar.,  S^c.  Stems  erect,  branched,  glabrous, 
and  reddish.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  sharply  ser- 
rated, whitish ly  tomentose  on  the  under  surface. 
Flowers  pretty,  rose-coloured,  in  cor3'mbs  laxly 
disposed.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  deflexed.  (Dec. 
Prod,)  An  erect,  loose-growing  shrub.  Nepal. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  1820.  Flowers  beau- 
tiful rose-coloured ;  May  and  June.  Capsule  red- 
dish ;  ripe  in  September; 

This  species  is  as  hardy,  and  as  easily  propa- 
gated, as  that  very  common  shrub,  S,  ralicifolia,  from 
which  species  it  diflers  in  its  loose  branchy  manner 
of  growtn;  and  in  the  flowers  being  in  cor}rmbs.  One 
of  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus. 


HS.    5.  MceliriiAlia. 


611.  s.  un». 


XXVI.    ROSa'cEiE:    fl'IRAI^A. 


5  iii.   Spirdria  Sei: 


Seel.  Char.  Ovaiies  distinct.  Torus  with  its  blue  connate  with  the  tube  of 
the  calyx ;  its  tip  separate.  Carpels  not  inflBted.  Inflorescence  a  panicle. 
Leaves  serrate,  wilhout  stipules.  (Dre.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  5*4.) 


Spec.  Char.,  c^r.  Stem  and  peduncles  glabrous.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serralcJ, 
and,  more  or  leia,  doubly  so  ;  glabrous.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular, 
spreading.  Carpels  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  erect  shrub.  Sibertn, 
TartBiy,  and  Bohemia ;  also  of  Canada,  and,  perhaps,  of  Britain.  Height 
4ft.  to  6  ft.  Cultivated  in  1665.  Flowers  red;  July  and  August.  Cap- 
sule red  i  ripe  in  September. 
_  Farietiei.      Seringe   has   characterised    four    forma   of  this 

spedea  is  foUows :  — 

■  8.  (.   I    edmea   Ait.   Hort.   Kew.    ed.   iii.   p.  2M., 
Cainb.Moo.(Eng.Bot.,t.l4«B.i  and  our  y^,  515.) 
—  Leavea  tanceolate.     Panicles   coiwsting   of  ra- 
cemes more  or  less  sptcaced.     Petals  of  a  flesh  co- 
lour.    Bark  of  the  branches  yelloivish.    This  is  the 
form  found  wild  in  Britain  : 
whether  it  be  indigenous  or 
not,  botanists  arc  not  agreed. 
Professor     Henslow   consi- 
ders it  "  possibly  introduced 
by  the  ngency  ol  man." 
m  S,».2alpeitrui'M.  Fl.Ross.  i. 
p.  36.  t.  2S.,  Camb.  Mano". 
S.  alp^slris   Don'i   Mill.  li. 
p.  519.     (Ourfe.  616.)— A 
small  shrub.    Leaveaahortcr 
than  those  of  S.  t.  cfimea. 
Branches  very  short. 
..  8. 1.  3  pankuldla   Willd.   Sp.  ii.  p.  1035.,  Ait.  Hart.  Kcw. 
p.  254.     S.  61bB  Ehrh.  BeOr.  va.  p.  137.  (Our^.  517.) 
ovate-oblong.     Petals  white.     Bark  of  the  branches  red.  It  is  likely 
that  this  ia  ako  the  S.  Alba  of  MHIer,  of  Watt.  Dmd.  Uril.  t,   133., 
Bud  of  Mtjdcnberg'i  Cattdogae  q/"  KurtA-Aineriran  PlanU. 


308 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Willd.  Enum.  p.  540.»    Don*t  Mill.  ii.  p.  520.  (Wats.   Dcnd.  Brit., 
t.  66.;  and  our^.  5l8.)^Iieave8  ovate-oblong.   Petals  white.   Bark 
of  branches  rather  reddish. 
m  S.  8.  5  grantUfidra  ;     S,  grandifl6ra  Lodd,  Bot,  Cah,  t.  1D88.,  and  our 
Jig.  519. ;  has  its  pink  flowers  nearly  twice  as  large  as  those  of  the 
species  ;  and  is  a  very  ornamental  free-growing  slmib.    Riused  from 
seeds  sent  from  Kamtschatka,  in  1826. 
A  S.  s  6  taurica,  S.  ta6rica  Hort. — An  upright  shrub,  8  fL  to  10  fL  high, 
tolerably  distinct,  and  coming  into  flower  before  any  other  yariety. 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 
Other  Varieties  or  Si/nonvmes,    The  following  kinds,  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's 
collection  and  in  that  of  tne  Hort.  Soc,  are  either  varieties  of,  or  identical 
with,  jS^.  falicif61ia :  —  S.  canadensis,  S.  t/rticsef&lia,  S.  lacini^ta,  S.  chameedri- 
f61ia,  S,  lanceol&ta,  S,  carpinifdlia,  S,  refl^xa,  S,  incarn&ta. 

This  species  sends  up  numerous  straight  rod-like  stems,  and  these  and  the 
lateral  branches  terminate  in  large,  conical,  spiked  panicles,  of  pale  red,  or 
flesh-coloured,  flowers.  In  deep  moist  soils,  a  sucker  will  attain  the  height  of 
4  ft,  in  one  season,  and  flower.  These  suckers  are  produced  in  such  abun- 
dance, that,  in  order  to  keep  the  shrub  in  a  vigorous  state,  they  ought  to  be  cut 
down  when  they  have  flowered  two  years,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  practised 
with  raspberries ;  and  the  entire  plant  ought  also  to  be  taken  up  ever^  three 
or  four  years,  and  separated ;  otherwise  the  old  shoots  are  apt  to  die,  and 
render  the  bush  unsightly.  It  b  one  of  the  hardiest  of  ftarden  shrubs,  and  is, 
also,  very  beautiful,  from  its  long  spicate  panicles  full  of  u^t  feathery-looking 
flowers. 

M  21.  5.  Mbnzib'Ib//  Hook.    Menzies's  Spinea. 

Idcnt^knHon,    Rook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer^  p.  178. :  Don't  Mill.,  %  p.  69(lL 
Engraving,    Our  ^.  &90.  from  a  ipedmen  in  JDr.  Hooker's  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char.f  S^c,  Branches  pubescent  at  the  apex,  as  well  as 
the  peduncles  and  calyces.  Sepals  reflexed.  Leaves  elliptic, 
coarsely  and  unequally  serrated  towards  the  apex,  glabrous, 
the  same  colour  on  both  surges;  panicle  crowded  with 
flowers,  oblong,  obtuse.  Flowers  small.  Stamens  twice  the 
length  of  the  corolla ;  ovaries  5,  glabrous.  (Dan'i  MilL)  An 
erect  shrub.  North  America,  on  the  west  coast.  Height 
2  fl.  to  3  fl.  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  rose-coloured ; 
June  and  July. 


«90.    a.UmaMdL 


M  22.  S,  TOHBNTo^A  L,    The  downy  Spinea. 


Identiftcation.    Un.  Sp..  701. ;  Cunl^Monog.  i  Dec.  Prod..  8.  p.  544. ;  Don'i  MllL,  1  p.  SSO. 
Sjfnonifme.    8.  DouglW/  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.  p.  17S.  •"         ♦  ,      |»  -w. 

EttgraviMg^     Pluk.  Phyt.  t.  8S1.  f.  A. ;  Schmidt  Arb.,  1. 1 51. ;  and  onrjlg.  SSI. 

Spec.  Char,t  S^c.  Nearly  all  the  parts  of  this  plant  are  more 
or  le^s  clothed  with  tomentum,  the  under  surface  of  the 
leaves  most  so.  The  tomentum  upon  the  stem  and  pe- 
duncles, and  perhaps  elsewhere,  is  of  a  reddish  colour. 
The  leaves  are  ovate  and  serrated,  the  latter  partly  doubly 
so.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular  and  deflexed.  Carpels 
divaricate.  {Dec,  Prod,)  An  erect  shrub.  Canada,  on 
mountains.  Height  2fl.  to  3  fl.  Introduced  in  1814. 
Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  Capsule  reddish  ;  ^pe  in 
September. 

This  species,  or  subspecies,  in  its  mode  of  growth,  re- 
sembles S,  jalicifdlia ;  but  differs  from  it  in  having  rathet 
smaller  and  more  deeply  serrated  leaves,  which  are  very  to- 
mcntose  beneath.  The  flowers  are  much  smaller,  and  of  a 
deeper  red. 


XXVI.  aosa'ces:  .spir^'a. 
M  23.  5.  LSTiGA^A  L.    The  aaoMh-leaved  Spinea. 

UrmJitcaUiM,     Lin.  HmbL,   Ml.  i   Camh.  Hdmc,  :    Dae.  Plod.  I.  p.  M4.  l 
Ihn-i  mil..  ».  p.  SIB. 


i^pec.  CZor.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate-oblong,  perfecUv  smooth,  ' 
entire,  tesBile,  %ped  with  a  small  mucro.  Brsnchlcts 
of  the  panicle  cjlindrical.  Bracteas  linear,  rather  shorter 
then  the  calyx.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular,  ascending, 
(Da:.  ProdJ)  A  spreading  shrub.  Siberia,  in  valleys  at 
the  foot  cf  the  more  lofty  of  the  Altaian  Mountains, 
Height  2h.  to  ^k,  introd.  in  1774.  Flowers  white  ; 
May  and  June.  Capsule  reddish ;  ripe  \a  September. 
A  very  interesting  and  handsome  species,  with  a  habit 

exceedingly  dissimilar  to  that  of  spineas  in  general.  nt.  t.i>Ticua, 

A  84.  S.  ^bisfo'lia  Snalk.     The  White-Beam-tree-leaved  Sfnrea. 

Uaumcatiim.     Smith.  Is  Kca'l  C^tkip.,  lol.Sl.  i  Bat.Rag.,L  IKl.i  Dm.  Fiad.,  iF.IM.i  D< 

£iwr«Avh    BM.Rig.,1.  IMLi  widourAi.im.Bai. 

Spec.  Char.,  IfC.  Leaves  elliptical,  oblong,  , 
more  or  less  lobed,  toothed,  pale,  villose  A 
beneath.  Piuiicle  villose.  {Dec.  Prod.)  < 
An  erect  bushy  shrub.     North  America,  , 

Sincipally    on    the     north-west    coast. 
eight  6  ft.  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in  1627. 
Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July.    CapGulc 
reddish  ;  ripe  in  September. 
A  Jree^growing  dense  bush,  prolific  both 
in  leaves  and  flowers  ;  and,  as  the  latter 
appear  at  a  season  when  the  flowering  of 
shrubs   is   comparatively  rare,   it   is  justly   y 
considered  as  a  most  raJuable  addition  to 
British  gardens.    It  is  perfectly  hardy,  will  grow  in  any  free  soil,  s... 
propagated  either  by  division  or  by  seeds,  which  it  ripens  in  abuodan 

J  iv.  Sorbdria  Ser. 

Sect.  dor.     Leaves  pinnate,  resembling,  as  the  nan 
mountain  ash,  or  oCber  species  of  Pjrua  belonging  U 

m  2&.  S.  AoaBiFO^LiA  L.     The  Sorbus-leaved  Spirsea. 
1  D«.  rni„  i.  p.  MS. 

SS.iUKlowA.HS. 

^>ee.  Char.,  i^c.  Leaves  atipuled,  pinnate;  the  leaflets  sessile,  oppnaite,  lan- 
ceolate, doubly  and  sharply  serrated.  Inflorescence  a  thyrse-Iike  panicle. 
Torus  wholly  conuate  wiui  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Ovaries  connate,  5. 
(Dec.  Frvd.)  A  thick  slitf-branched  shrub.  Siberia,  ui  moist  places.  Height 
3ft,to6{t.  Introd. in  1759.  Flowers  white;  July  and  August  Capsule 
reddbh ;  ripe  in  September. 
yariely. 

s.  S.  s.  E  a2pma  Pall.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  p.  34.  and  60.  t.  95.  S  grandifldra 
StaeeCi  Hort.  Brit.  p.  194.;  S.  Pallua  Don'a  Mill.  ii.  p.  ASO._ 
Suffiuticose.  Flowers  twice  the  sixe  of  those  of  the  species,  and 
disposed  in  corymbs.  Leaves  smaller,  and  scrratcly  indsed.  A  na- 
tive  of  Eastern  Siberia  and  of  Kamtschatka.  (Dec.  Prod.)  This  is 


810  ARBORETCM    ET    FBUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

very  diS^ent  from  S,  $.  grandifl^ra,  the 

S.grandifldraofLorfJ., described  above, 

among  the  varieties  of  5.  lalicitblia. 
S.  wwbifolia  ie  a  branch);  shrub,  growing  to  the 
height  of  6  or  8  feet,  with  a  toiiod,  brown- 
coloured,  warty  stem  i  the  wood  of  which  ii 
brittle,  ard  hollow  within,  with  a  soft  ferruginous 
pith.  Tiie  leaves  are  thin  in  texture,  «nd  bright 
green  on  both  sides.  The  flowers  ere  in  termi-  ^ 
nating  panicles  and  small ;  thcj  are  odorous,  but 
not  agreeably  so.  In  dry  rocky  situations,  it 
does  not  rise  above  1  ft.  in  height,  and  is  sub- 
herbaceous.  It  deserves  a  place  in  evei^  collec- 
tion, froni  its  marked  character,  and  from  the  ,„,  ,.  ^njuu, 
beauty  both  of  its  foliage  and  ita  flowers.  It 
throws  up  abuudance  of  suckers,  by  which  it  is  easily  propagntcd. 

■  2G.  S.  Li>dleva'ni  Wall.   Lindlcy'e  Spirtea. 

Uauipiatim.    W»ii,  CM.,  tni  G«d.  Mm.  isio,  p,  & 
StigTatlitg     Ourjl([.  MB.  tnm  the  LinMM 

S,>ce.  Char.,   Sic.      Leaflets    ovate 

lanceolate,  acuminate,  finely  and 

sharply  serrated.     A  large  shrub. 

Kepiil.       Height    6  fl.   to  e  ft. 

Flowers    white ;    July  and   Au- 

gusL 

The  leaves  are  larger  than  those 
of  any  other  species  of  the  genus ; 
and,  altogether,  it  forms  a  remark- 
ably hantbome  plant,  well  deserving 
a  place  in  collections. 

A  Selection  of  Species. — The  fol- 
lowing kinds,  in  the  London  gar- 
dens, appear  distinct:  — 

I.  8.  toraenlota,  comprehending 
5'.  Tob61sy. 

8.  S.  dutvueilrifblia,  comprehend- 
ing S,  ietulicfolia,  S.  djiurica,  S. 
Aibirica.  S.  taciniata. 

.1.  8- siifiii/3/in,  comprehending  S.  '»■  »-'*«ii«j*— 

canadensis.  ^.  grandifldra,  S.  panicuUta,  S.  urticiefdlia,  S.  tanceolata,  S.  mr- 
pinifolia,  S.  renexa,  i^.  incarnita,  S.  taurica. 

4.  S._flextibta,  comprehending  S.  ulmifblia,  5.  carpinif&lia,  S.  ietulifolia,  and, 
pirhaps,  some  others. 

5.  S.  billB.  6.  8.  corymboia.  7.  8.  cunej/SHa. 
8.  S.  vacciniijjilia.                 9.  S.  lariftora. 

10.  S.  iiypcricifulia,  comprehending  S.  cren^,  S,  inflexa  Wendhnd  (II. 
S.  Card.),  S.  obov^ta  Wendtand  (H.  S.  Uard.),  S.  arg^ntes,  S.  cuneata,  S. 
iifiiia,  S.  alpina,  S.  aciitirotia,  S.  declimbenH. 

il.  S.  obkngifiilia  Wendland,  apparently  an  upright  fastigiate  variety  of 
S.  AypericirdliB. 

12.  S.cdna.  ^       13.  8.  trilobdta. 

14.  8.  Borbijolin,  comprehending  5.  picowlfnsis  of  Loddiges,  which  ia  a 
totally  different  plant  rrom  the  S.  pikowifn^  of  Besser,  our  No.  14.  in 
p.  303. 

15.  S.  Liad/rj,-ina. 


XXVI,  flosACE*:  flu'mjs.  311 

Sect  HI.     Potenti'lle*. 
Genus  IX. 

l-jj  inrffl  L^i 

XU'BUSZ..     Thr  Bramrlr.     Lin.   Syit.  Icos&mlria  I'oljgyniB. 

JUnafjfeaMni.    Ua.  Grn  ,  NO.M4  i  D«.  Pcod..  !.  p.U6,  ;  Don'i  Mill..  1.  p.  K. 

Sfnamfnri,    Roau.  Frunbniilct,  FT.  :  lUmtxtn.  Bronibwritrauch,  Oer. 

Drritilkm.    Fnnnmt,  red  In  CalUc  :  In  nfimnca  to  the  colnur  of  lbs  h-ulL  in  MneoTllKipnln. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  Aatttsh  at  the  bottom,  5-clefi.  Pclah  5.  SlameoM  nutnerDun, 

iDsertcd  in  the  calyi  along  with  the  petals.     Carpelt  or  AcAenia   numeroua, 

fleshy,  disposed  in  a  head  upon  an  elevated  torus.     Sly/ci  lateral,  near  the 

apex  of  the  carpel,    (flon'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  compound,  digitate,  pinnate  or  lohetl,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  Bub- 

erirereen ;  with  the  leaflets  usually  stalkeJ.     Fioureri  white  or  pink,  in 

tenaioel  racemei.    fruit  edible. 


slrete,  but  a  few  of  them  growing  upright.  Some  of  tfaeni,  mch  a 
coins,  may  be  considered  as  sub^veivecn,  as  they  retain  the  greater  part  oF 
thor  leoTes  in  a  green  state  through  the  winter.  All  the  kinds  popularly 
called  brambles  may  ^  considered  as  gigantic  strawberry  plants ;  and  all 
their  shoots  are  used  by  ibatchers,  and  makers  of  beehiTes,  straw  mats, 
&c.  No  less  than  46  supposed  species  of  the  gcnusare  described  and  figured 
in  the  RtJx  Gemuaud  ol  Weihe  and  Neea  von  Esenbeck.  The  number  of 
spedes  in  Engiit/i  Botany  is,  in  Dr.  Lindley's  SynoptU  of  Iht  Srilith  Flora, 
ifl  ;  which,  he  says,  may  be  reduced  to  5.  or  possibly  to  S,  exclusive  of  the  her* 
baceouB  species.  In  Don't  Miller,  HI  are  Bivcn  as  tlic  total  number  described  by 
botanists.  We  shall  only  notice  such  as  are  tolerably  distinct,  and  which  are  in 
cultivation  in  British  nirdens.  The  propagation  of  the  shrubby, or  raspberry-like, 
species  of  ifitbus  is  effected  by  suckers  or  seeds  i  thatofiheorambte  divisioool 
the  genus  br  pegging  down  the  points  of  the  shoots  to  the  soil,  when  they  will 
root,  and  throw  out  other  shoots,  which  may  again  be  pegged  down;  so  that 
plants  are  procured  from  brambles  much  in  the  same  way  asfrom  strawberries. 

}  i.  Leaves  pinnate,  ofS — 7  heafleU. 

M  \.  S.  subebe'ctus  Andcn.     The  sub-erect  Bramble. 

liaUtfloaian.    Aulen.  In  Linn.  S«. ;  Doe.  Prod.,  *.  p.  US.  i  Doo't  HUl.,  1.  p.  m. ;  Smith  Enf. 

Vxi^>in.'''LladleT,  InhliStw.  VMe»a.ncs,  butlmitlu  [oUonlnc :  _  A.  seuiuii  ffsH ; 

Jl.  pUcltui  W,  »  H;  Dol  of  Sufil.  to  Em.  IM.  t.  3TM.,  vfalcti  It  ■  nullar  form  ot  R.  nlTlub 

(f .  4  K. !  Jl.  mrrllBUm  WaJlimt. 
Emtrartiifi,    Eng.  Bot.,  I.  KTl.  i  und  nurjlf.  SIT. 

Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  Stem  erect.  Leaf  ofnevcrmorethanS  leafleta,diptBte,ocea- 
nionally  pinnate,  thin,  shin- 

ing,  and  plaited.  Flowers  in  r'Ttk  frP 

simple  corymbose  racemes.  il  il^  •CP^ 

Prickles    weak.      (Lmdt.)  jtf^  \NJ|)  k^  V^ 

A  sub-erect  shrub,  Britain,  ^tW^HfiJsM^ifl^  /  1 

la  moist  woods  and  bv  the  ^^t^j^BBfe^yj^   jflfcw 

Stems  3 ft. to  4  ft.  Flowers     S^i_>4/SKi;^  v||KM 

Fruit  pa!e  purple  ;  ripe  in  '  ?1  "• 

August.  1.7.    Rbbi..«>.rtciiiL 


SI2 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTIC£TUH   BRITANHICUH. 


The  litems  are  biennial,  and  flower  the  second  year,  like  those  of  the  com- 
mon raepberry,  BfcemardB  dying  off.  The  fruit  consiEta  of  a  sniall  number  of 
dark  red,  or  blood-coloured,  ag^nsste  grains,  agreeably  acid,  with  some  &- 
four  of  the  raspberry  i  whence  it  has  b«eD  recommended  by  some  as  perhapa 
Dot  unworthy  of  cultivation. 


T..  Dr.  Fl„  M  ed.  a  n,  M. 
[ndl*7  DmUcHii  Uw  Ibllv 


iiBtTTtr  In  £j 


JJwre.   CAar.,    4-c. 


Stem    arched. 


curved  prickles,  glabrous. 

lets  3— -fi   in  a  leaf,   ovate  with  > 

a   heart-8h^>ed  base,   cuspidate, 

sharply  serrated,  flat  at  the  base, 

a  little  waved   towards  the  tip, 

havingdownylomentum  beneath. 

Flowera  in  a  compound  panicle, 

the  component  ones  cymose.  8e- 

pab  ovale-acumioate,  eitemslly 

naked,   reflex  ed.     Carpels   large, 

blue-black.  (Dec,  Prod.)     A  low 

bramble.  Germany,  also  of  barren 

hills  of  HonCpelier,and  of  Briiain, 

in  boggy  places.     Flowers  white ; 

July  and  August.  j_       .^.^^ 

-*  R.  a.  S  braefeitat  Ser,     Jt,  a.  y  and  t,  Wtihe  and  Neeft  RM  Germ. 
t.  3.  b.  —  Bracteas  very  broad,  undivided. 
■  3.  R.  micra'nthus  D.  Hon.    The  amall-dowered  Bramble. 

iM. ;  Doa'l  MllL,  %  n.  MlJ. 
pMcWBrn.  Ltmlirt  In  Bol.  Rig.,  Hon. 


Spec.  Cftur..  ^e.     Upright.     Stem  round, 

branched,  and   bearing   awl-shaped    m- 

flexed  prickles,  or  straight  prickles,  end 

the   branches   recurved   ones.      Young  4 

bnmchlets   rather  glaucous  at  the  ex-  ' 

tremity.     Leaf  pinnate,  of  5—7  leaflets, 

that   arc  ovate   or  oblong,   mucronate, 

doubly  serrated,  plaited;  gr«en  and  ^ossy 

above ;  whitishly  tomentose,  or  else  glau- 
cous, beneath.    Petiole  and  ruehia  bear- 

ing  prickles  here  and  there.   Petiole  pilose.   Stipules 

lanceolate,    acuminate,  membranaceous.       "' 

amali,    reddish    pui^lc,  disposed   in  a 

corymbose    panicle.       Petals    clawed, 

shorter  than  the  sepals.     {Dec.  Prod.)  t 

A  gigantic  bramble.      Nepal.      Stems  V 

8ft.  to  soft.    Inirod.  1828.    Flowers  ' 

bright  reddish  purple  ;  May  to  August. 

Fruit  bladt;   ripe  in  August.     Naked 

young  wood  of  a  dark  mahogany  colour. 


XXn.  ROSA  CEX  :  sv^us.  313 

It  u  earilj  distiDguished  from  alt  the  other  bramblea  in  British  gardens,  Iiy  its 
Dea)^  erect,  strong,  smooth,  dark  mahogany-coloured  shoots,  and  by  its  very 
kMOg  pimiete  leaveB.  The  flowers  are  small,  and  the  petals  are  of  a  bright 
reddish  purple,  and  shorter  than  the  sepals.  The  fivit  is  of  a  blackish  pur- 
^  of  tne  tbiddle  size  ;  depressedly  spherical,  and  covered  with  a  fine  bloom. 
The  grains  are  fleshy,  with  a  sweet  subacid  taste.  IliiB  spedes  throws  up 
suckers  spanner ;  but  its  magnificent  shoots  arch  over  after  they  get  to 
6  or  8  feet  in  hei^t,  and  grow  tnsnching  and  flowering  on  every  ride,  tiU  they 
reftch  the  ground,  when  their  extreme  p<nnts  strike  root,  and  form  new  plants. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

■  4.  B.  occidbnta'lis  L.     The  Western,  or  Ammean,  Bmnble. 


of  the  barren  branches  pinnate  ;  of  the  fertile  branches 
trifoUolate.  Leaflets  ovate,  incisely  serrated,  whitely  ^ 
tomentosebeneatli.  Stipules  very  narrow,  and  bristle- 
like.  Flowers  in  umbels.  Peduncle  prickled.  Sepals 
lanceolate-linear,  tomentosc,  longer  than  the  petals, 
which   are  obovatdy  wedge-shaped,  two-lobed,  and  t 

S reading.  Fruit  black,  acid,  of  the  form  of  that  of 
.  ids'us.  Carpels  numerous,  rather  glabrous ;  be-  ' 
coming,  bj  diying,  rugged  with  little  hoflows,  {Dec.  i 
Prod.)  A  sub-erect  thnib.  Canada  and  the  West  I 
Indies.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1696. 
Flowers  white ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  ut  ■  — ^--.n. 
August.    Horticultural  Sodety's  Garden. 

A  5,  S.  ISAtia  L.   The  Mount  Ida  Bramble,  or  nmtmni  Saipberry. 
rituKtlmWiiii    1.1b.  ^..  TOS. ;  Dec.  Fnd..  %.  p.  us. 
AiwiiinKt.  X.jrtmttititmiitl.'ia-'Si.Tr.,  3. p.135.!  Frmbolitor.  R 
"  -At  BMrteh  aOM  IB  GrHki!  Bit»  Idak  ;  In  ttOa.  Jlnhn  M 

■hick  n fnnntb  1  tB  &ir"  " ' -■■■■-■    ■ 

Bmgrwrli^.    EBf.  Bgl.,  t. 

^aee.  Char.,  S[e.     Villose.     Stem  round,  bearing  slender  recurved  prickles. 

Leaves  pinnate;  those  of  the  fertile  stems  of  3  leaflets,  those  of  the  sterile 

stems  of  5,  rather  palmatcly  disposed.     Leaflets  ovate,  incisely  serrated, 


k1  UlDde-bmr."  (Jaku.  On-.,  p.  U 


whitely  tomentote  beneath.  8ti[iiiles  very  narrow  and  bnstle-likc.  Flowers 
in  a  coT^bose  panicle.  Sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  whicel;^  tomentose,  ending 
in  a  pomt.  Petals  obovete-wedge-shaped,  entire,  conniving,  shorter  than 
the  calyx.  Carpels  numerous,  tomentose.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  uprij^t  shrub, 
with  a  creeping  root  and  biennial  stems.  Europe,  and,  prob^ly,  Asia, 
AfncB,  and  America.  Found  in  evet;  part  of  Great  Britain,  and  in  IrelaDd, 
in  die  agrirultural  and  subalpine  regions,  in  woods,  and  in  moiat  wastes. 
Hei^t  4  ft.  to  e  ft.  Flowers  white  ;  May,  i|Iune,  and  July.  I^t  red ; 
ripe  in  July,  August,  and  September. 
Varictiri. 

•  K.  f.  »  microph^Uut  Wallr.   Sched.  p.  250.  —  Leaves  all  of  3  leaflets. 
Stem  sufimncosc  ;  dwarfer  and  more  bushy  than  the  species.  (^Dec. 

Garden  Varirtie:     There  ore  varieties  with  red  fruit,  yellow  firuit,  and 

white  &uit ;  and  one  which  bears  twice  in  the  year. 

The  fruit  of  the  specira,  in  a  wild  state,  is  crimson,  amd  consists  of  nume- 
rous juicy  grains,  beset  with  the  permanent  styles,  and  hi^ly  fragrant ;  with  a 
ver^  deliaously  sweet,  and  yet  slightly  acid  tIaTour,  when  eaten,  linproved 
varieties  of  It  have  long  been  in  cultivation  in  gardens,  for  the  fruit,  which  is 
delightfully  fingront,  aiid  gratefiJ  to  the  palate  in  itadf,  and  is  used  in  du> 


314  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRIIANNICUAI. 

meroui  culinsry  and  confectionery 

articles,  as  well  as  in  liqueurs.  The 

raspberry  requires  a  vegetable  soil,  / 

rattier  moiit,   soft,   and   not  very  f 

deep ;  because  most  of  the  roots, 

like  those  of  all  other  plants  that 

throw  up  numerous  suckers,  keep 

near  the  surfecc;  and  the  siCuntioD 

should  be  shaded,  rather  than  fully 

exposed  to  the  meridian  sun.    In  a 

wild  state,  it  is  almost  aliray&  found 

more  or  teis  shaded  by  treec,  but 

not  under  their  drip ;  and  in  woods, 

the  situation  of  which  is  rather  low 

and  moist,  than  hilly  and  rocky  or 

dry.     The  root  belongs  to  that  description  which  is  called  travelling;  that  is, 

the  suckers  extend  themselves  all  round  the  central   plant,  so  as  every  year 

to  come  up  in  fresh  soil.     Hence,  as  Miller  observes,  a  raspberry  plantation 

requires  to  be  renewed  every  five  or  six  years. 

j  ii.    Leaves  digitate,  of  3 — 5  Leaflets. 
jt  6.  S.  lacimaVus   W.     The  tat-ieaved  Bramble. 
Entmiati.  '  Wllld.  Hoit.  BwgL,  i! 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Stem  rather  round,  bearing  stout 

recurred    prickles,    compressed   at   the    base. 

Leaflets  3—5,  pinnatejv  cut,  sharply  serrate,  a 

little  downy  beneath.  Flowers  in  loose  panicles, 

white  or  rose-coloured.    Sepds  lanceolate,  leafy  ^ 

at  the  tip,  tomentose,  prickled,  reflexed.    Petal*  ' 

wedge.4haped,    3-lobcd   at  the   tip.      Carpels 

roundish,  darit- coloured.  (Dfc.  Prod.)    A  large 

and  handsome  bramble.      Stems  4  ft.  to  10  ft. 

Flowers  white,  or  rose-coloured  ;  June  to  Sep-  f 

teinber.     Ruit  black;  ripe  in  August.     Kaked 

young  wood  of  a  fine  purple  colour. 

The  appearance  of  this  plant  is  that  of  the 
common  bramble,  except  in  the  leaflets,  which, 
from  tbeirbeing  deeply  cut.arc  strikingly  different. 
Where  it  was  first  found  is  unknown  ;  but  it  is,  in  *"    *■'** 

all  probability,  only  a  variety  of  the  common  bramble,  analogous  t 
leaved  variety  of  the  elder  (iS^bClcus  nigra  laciniita.)     H.  S. 

J  7.  S.  cs'sius  L,     The  grey  Bramble,  or  Daeberry, 
I^lnufllaUm,    Ua.  Sp,.  m.  i   Dec  Prod.,  t.  p.  us. : 
Don->  UIU,,  1.  p.  13. 

Emgrarimtt.    H.  Su   Him.,   «.  t.  H.  i    H»»   AbbUd.. 
t.  100,  rED(.  Bii(,,t,S«.)  mad  oar  Jig- Si. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.     Stem  traiUng,   round,   in 
many  instances  sufiiued  with  agrey  blootn, 
beanng    slender    and    a   little    recurved  J 
prickles.  Leaflets  3  in  a  leaf,  ovate,  doubly  1 
serrated  or  crenatedrglabrous,  or  obscurdy  * 
ciliated.     Panicle  almost  simple.      Sepau 
ovate-acuminate.     Petals  white.      vc\at 
■weet.    Camels  large,  few,  greyish.  (Dec. 


XXVI.  Bosa'ckj.:  flu'DUs.  315 

woods  and  hedges.    8t«in  4  ft.  to  8  ft.    Flowers  white ;  June  and  July. 
Fruit  black  ;  ri|>e  in  Augu&t. 

^  R.  c.  2  amemit  Wallr.  Schcd.  p.  SSS. 
R.  pseitdo-cs'irius  WeiAe,  according 
to  Eni,  Meyer  in  Lui.  —  Leaflets 
tonientose  beneath.  Branches  pu< 
benilous. 
.»  R.  c.  3  grand^Ana  8er.  —  Pubescent. 

Petals  and  sepala  long. 
J  n.e.i parv^liui  Wailr.  Schcd.,  p.  S2S. 
(Our  j^.  535.)  —  Stem   ascending, 
purplish,  ultimately  naked.      Leaves 
small,  incisely  lobnl.  Peduncle  I — 3- 
flowered.       A    native    of   berbage- 
covered  hilU, 
J;  R.  c.  5  filUt  variegdtu  Hort,  has  vBrie> 
gated  leaves, 
A  low,  wealily,  straggling,  prostrate  plant, 
having  the  flowers  with  blush-coloured  petals, 

and   die  fruit   small,    with   few   grains  ;   but  *"■  ^™^"- 

these  lar^  juicy,  black,  with  a  fine  glaucous  bloom,  and  very  agreeably  add. 
TliiB  species  varies  exceedingly  in  the  size  of  Its  flowers  and  leaven  in  diSerent 
situations,  whence  have  arisen  many  varieties. 

■*  B.  R.  CORVLiFoYius  Smith.     The  Hazel-leaved  Bramble. 

illb  Fl.  Brit.,  p.  Ml.  i  Smtlh  Id  Eng.  Bot.,  L  SS. ;  Don'l  Hill.,  S.  p.  MS. 
ilgdrii  HVrtf  ♦A'rri.McortllniloLliidi^,  S^iwpj(»i]/-«M/. /it™,  «l.S.  p.M.  ; 
Emfjarttnt.     Knf.  BdI.,  t.  BIT. ;  ud  <r^M-  <^. 

Uliec.  Char.,  S^c.  Stem  angled,  bearing  strughtiah  prickles.  Leaflets  3 — 5, 
cordate-ovate,  firm,  doubly  serrated,  pilose  beneath.  Panicle  nearly  sini- 
ple.  Flowers  white.  Sepals  ovate-acuminate,  ultimately  reflexed.  Carpels 
purplish-blue,  and  large.  (Dec.  Prttd.)  A  large  bramble.  Native  of  Europe, 
especially  in  tbe  southern  part ;  and  frequent  in  Britain,  in  hedges  and 
thickets.  Sterna  6  Si.  to  IE  ft.  Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  Fruit 
purplish  blue  or  black,  large;  ripe  in  August. 

^  R.  c.  8  (BMW  Wallr.  Sched.  p.231.— 
Leaflets  all  similar  in  fomi,  roundish 
heart-shaped,  wbitishly  tomentose 
upon  both  suriaces. 


R.c.3glanduliiu,WBnr.  Sched.  p.  831. 
H.  danduldsus  Spreng.,  accoriling 
lo  Wallr.  (Our  J^.  537.)  —  Stems, 
DCtioles,  and  peduncles  glandutoun. 


316  ARBORETUM   ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

The  Etemi  are  long  and  traliing,  aometinieB  arclung,  glaucous  and  purplish 
in  tlie  aun,  and  green  in  the  shade ;  they  are  brittle  ajid  full  of  pith.  The 
flowers  are  large,  and  a{^>eaT  earlier  than  those  of  moat  o  fthe  Britiab  specie*. 
The  berry  ii  larve,  agreeably  acid,  of  larger  and  fewer  grunt  than  in  it.  fruti- 
coauB,  and  of  a  oroiraer  bUck :  they  are  ripened  before  those  of  S.  fruticoaus 
end  ica  allies. 

According  to  Dr.  Lindley,  the  following  Britiah  kinda  of  ilubus  may  be 
Bsaociated  with  S.  corylifohua  Smith,  either  as  related  apecies,  or  as  varieties : 
_R.  macrepA^liut  Weihe  &  Nees(Eng.  Bot,  Su|)pl.,  U  2625.) ;  R.  carpitafo/aa 
Wohe  Sc  Sees  j  R.  f^co-alcr  Weihe  &  Neea  ;  R.  JTo'-AW  Ifri**  4  Ken 
(Eng.  Bot.  8uppl.,t.]i603.),  R.rimd.\iMWeHieSf  Nen;  R.£/oWu/anii Smith; 
R.  rililit  Weihe  &  Neea,  R.  echinattis  of  ed.  1.  of  LmdI.  Syriopi.,  and  our 
H.  B.  No.  £8335.  i  R.  daxrnfiHm  Lindi.  Synopa.  ed.  1.,  R.  diversifoliua 
IVahe,  Hurt.  BrU.  No.  28330. 

A  9.  R.  aPECTA'BiLis   Ph.     The  ahowy^iouwrvd  Bramble. 

MrmliYkalltm.    rtt.  FL  Amcr.  Sept,  1.  p.  M&  t  IK  i  Dec.  Fnd.,  &  p.  tW.t  Dod'i  MID.,  I.  p.sSS. 

Symmrmt.    B.  r/tmiJiu  WlOd.  Urrb.,  ao^^dlaf  to  Sterin. 

EttgTBilngt.    Pb.  FL  Amer.  Sept..  L  IC  i  Bot.  Reg.,  KM.  i  Bot  Cab.,  t.  iVO. ;  ud  onr;^.  SN. 

^lec.  Char.,  4^c.     Stem  not  bearing  prickles,  glabrous.     Leaf  of  three  leaflets, 
that   are   ovate,   acute,   doubly  and   unequally  aemted,   downy  beneath. 
Floweni  of  an  agreeable  purpfiah  ooloi 
on   terminal   peduncles.      Sepals   oblon 
acuminate,  shorter  than  the  petals.  {Dec, 
Pnd.y     An  elegant  shrubby   bramble. 
Nadfe  of  North  America,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Columbia  River,  and  the  north- 
west  coast.     Height   4  fi.  to  5  ft.     In- 
troduced in  1887.  Flowera  rosy  purple, 
odoriferous  t    April   taii  Hay.     Fruit 
large,  dark  yellow;  ripe  in  July. 
Branches  suhfleiuoae,  round,  smooth;  *"■  *■*'"""• 

with  lai;ge  odoriferous  flowers,  succeeded  by  large  dork-yellow  Iruit,  of  an 

acid  and  aomewhat  astringent  taste,  which  make  excellent  tarts.     It  merits 

a  place  in  every  collection,  both  as  a  flowering  shrub,  and  for  its  fruit. 

immoii  iUoct 

I  DK.Pnid..  S.  p. Ml.) 


t  10.  R.  FDUTico'sus  L.     The  shrubby  Bramble,  or  commoit  BladAeny, 


_,       ,  .1.  dlKDlor  ud  S.  IbnlptlH,  Id  UmdL  Srmaft,  ofBrtL  Fl 

ifivwiv    Eng.  But.,!  IIS.;  uidourjtr-MI. 

Spec,  Char.,  gfc.  Stem  erect,  and  afterwards  de- 
curved,  fi-analed,  rather  tomentose,  bearii^ 
recurred  prickles.  Leaflets  3 — 5,  ovate-oblong, 
acute,  glaoroua,  beneath  greyly  tomentose,  eacn 
on  a  secondary  petiole.  Panicle  decompound, 
narrow,  straight.  Sepals  reflexed,  almost  with- 
out prickles.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  lar^  bramble. 
Native  of  Europe,  in  hedges,  thickets,  end 
woods  ;  in  Britain  slxiundinK  in  the  wicultural ' 
■one,  and  tolerably  frequent  m  ^e  un^d  zone; 
with,  according  to  Mr.  Winch,  a  limit  aimilar  to 
that  of  iPlex  europst'a.  Stem  6fl.  to  18  ft. 
Flowers  white,  or  rose.coloured  {  June  to 
August.  Fruit  purplish  black ;  ripe  August  to 
September  or  October. 


R./  8 


8  pompdaius  Ser.     R.  fhiticAsus  t 
■     t   ifea.   (Jig.  544).)  — Flowers 


XXVI.  «o8a'ce«:  BU^BUS.  317 

Bemidouble  or  double.  Leaves  pale  green  [  leaflets  obovate.  Cul- 
ciratcd  in  gmdens.  This  vnrietj'  may  be  considered  as  highly  omi*- 
mental,  from  the  large  size  and  numerous  petals  of  its  flowers,  and 
from  its  very  rigorous  growth.  Though  it  will  thrive  at  the  roots 
of  trees,  and  in  places  where  other  oroameatal  plants  will  hardly 
grow,  yet  it  produces  most  effect  when  it  is  trained  against  a  wall, 
J,  E.  /  3  tairicut  Hort.  is  a  Tigorous-^owine  plant,  which  produces  by 

fer  the  best  fruit  of  any  variety  orbrambre.     H.  8. 
^  K.  /  i^dre  totm  pUno  BauiQ.  Cat.— Flowers  double  piuk.     H.  8. 
j(  R.  /.  5  fi^  ooTi;gaiu.— Leaves  variegated,  and  not  liable  to  the  ob- 

jections  made  to  most  variegated  ijlantB. 
■*  B.  /.  6  Uwxcirjiut  Ser.  —  Fruit  white.  i^Dec.  Prod.) 
This   spedes   is  considered    as   being   more 

common  than  any  of  the  other  brambles,  and 

iiko  03  attuning  a  greater  size.      It  is  always 

round  to  prosper  best  on  a  soil  somewhat  dry 

and  ^veJjv  ;  and,  accordingly,  Switzer,  when 

Bpeaking  of  choosing  a  soil  and  situation  for  e 

vineyard,  recommends  looking  out  for  one  where 

the  bramble  is  abundant  and  vigorous.      The 

fruits   have   been  eaten  by  children,    in  every 

country  where  they  grow  wild,  since  the  time 

of  Pliny.     They  hare  also  been  used,  both  in 

France   and   England,   to   produce   a  subacid 

drink  ;  an  inferior  description  of  wine  t  by  fer- 
mentation and  digtiUation,  a  strong  spirit;  and,  ui.  B.biHa_L 

boiled  with  sugar,  a  very  good  jam. 

^  11.  A.  Bi'sFiDus  L.    The  bispid-ilenmed  Bramble. 


-, , - rtilli  WHsH.  B.  flw. /»w.  p.  ass.  i  R.  procAmbau 

VaU.  i  A.  BuelUrll  WIOL,  lecanUDg  to  ^pmw.  %(<.  9.  p.  MO. 
£lVr««iV-    Ibjiw.AbUld.,  L71.i  udoiu^.  M3. 

Spec.  Ckar.,  4'c.  Stem  procumbent,  round,  very  hispid, 
bearing  scattered  bristles  and  recurved  prickles.  Leaf* 
lets  3 — 5,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  unequally  toothed, 
pretty  glabrous  above.  Flowers  solitary,  upon  longish 
peduncles.  Petals  obovate.  Carpels  black.  (Dec. 
Prod.}  A  bramble  with  procumbent  stems.  Canada. 
Stems  6fl.  to  6(t  Introduced  in  17A9.  Flowers 
white ;  August.  Fruit  black,  edible ;  ripe  in  September 
acd  October.  »*»■  ■■  '•^i 

{  iii.  Leaves  lobed,  notpitmate  or  digitate. 
tt  12.  R.  oDOBiVus  L.  The  sweet-scentedJmverf  Bramble. 

Idrml^knUim.    Lin.  Sp..  W.  ;  Q«.  Prod.,!.  P.  H6.  |  Dia-I  UIU.,  l.p.  US. 
arnw^iti.    A.  cwIdtnAlli  Aforf..  tHitDotor  LlD.g  Ik*  VlrfliilHi llup. 

bsTTf .  th«  flowBTinr  RMnbaTj. 
AVTorh^'.    Hnt.  Ic.,  L  US.  I  But.  Hlf..  t  m.  (  ud  imjlf.  ML 

Spec.  Char.,  jr.  Stem  upright.  Petioles,  peduncles,  and 
calyxes  bearins  glanded  hairs.  Disks  of  leaves  5-lobed, 
unequally  toothed.  Inflorescence  suhcorymbose.  Flowers 
large,  showy,  red.  Sepals  ovate,  longly  acimiinate, 
shorter  than  the  petals.  Carpels  numerous,  ovate,  vel- 
vety. Style  fiinnel-shaped.  (Dec.  Prod.)  An  upright 
shiub.  North  America,  in  the  woods  of  Canada,  and  on 
the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1700.  flowers  purpUsh  red;  June  to  Sept.  ^^  ^^ 
Fniit  yellow,  rarely  seen  in  England. 


318  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

The  flowers  are  not  succeeded  by  fruit  in  this  country  ;  but  Pursh  informs 
us  that,  in  a  wild  state,  the  fruit  is  yellow,  and  of  a  yerv  fine  flavour,  and  a 
large  size.  "  Cornutus,  who  first  figured  and  described  this  plant,  gave  it  the 
name  of  odor^tus,  on  account  of  the  very  grateful  fragrance  of  its  foliage.'* 
(Hot,  Mag.,  U  323,) 

a   13.  R.  NUTKA^NUs  Moc,    The  Nootka  Sound  Bramble. 

Ideniification.    Mocino  PI.  Kutk. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  666. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t  1368. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  1.  p.  MO. 

Synonyme.    R.  odoriltuB  Hort^  but  not  of  Lin. 

Engravingt.    Modno  PI.  Mutk. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  136R. ;  and  our^lSg.  M4. 

Spec.   Char,,  ^c.      Stem  glutinous.     Branches  round, 

?labrous,  rufous.  Leaves  5-lobed,  unequally  toothed, 
nflorescence  subcorymbose.  Flowers  about  4  in  a 
corymb,  white.  Sepals  ovate,  lonely  acuminate,  gla- 
brous, as  long  as  tne  petals.  Allied  to  R.  odoratus, 
but  the  peduncle  and  calyx  are  glabrous,  (pec.  Prod) 
An  upright  shrub.  North-west  coast  of  North  Ame- 
rica, from  New  California  to  Nootka  Sound,  and  at 
various  places  between  north  latitude  43°  and  52°,  in 
mountains  and  woods.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1826.  Flowers  white;  May  to  October. 
Fruit  yellow  or  reddish  ;  ripe  in  August.  »«.  jtatHttnntuunv. 

The  general  aspect  and  appearance  of  R,  odori^tus,  except  being  of  a  paler 
green.  Tlie  flowers  are  succeeded  by  large  yellow  or  reddish  berries,  which 
arc  found  to  make  excellent  tarts ;  and  theplant  will  probably  soon  be  ranked 
as  a  fruit  shrub.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Sj}cciet  and   Varieties  of  BMut  hett  deserving  ofCuUivation  in  British  Gardens, 

as  ornamental  Shrubs. 

A.  Erect  Raspberry-like  Sorts, 

R.  ocddcntdHs,  the  Western,  or  black,  Raspberry,  No.  4. ;  and  fig.  532.  in  p.  313. 
R.  nutkdnus,  the  Nootka  Sound  Raspberry,  No.  1.3.;  and  fig.  £44.  in  p.  318. 
R.  odoratus,  the  sweet-scented,  or  Virginian  Raspberry,  No.  12. ;  ana  fig.  543. 

in  p.  317. 
R.  spcct&bilis,  the  showyfLovrered  Raspberry,  No.  9. ;  and  fig.  539.  in  p.  316. 
R.  idas'us,  the  Mount  Ida,  or  common.  Raspberry,  No.  5.;  and  fig.  533.  in  p.  314. 

—  The  varieties  of  this  species  which  are  recommended  as  being  most  suitable 

for  planting  in  an  arboretum  are,  the  red  Antwerp,  the  white  Antwerp,  and 

the  smooth  cane. 

B.  Shrubby  Brambfcs, 

R  suberectus,  the  sub-erect  Bramble,  No.  1. ;  and  fig.  527.  in  p.  31 1. 

R.  micrdnthus,  the  smaU'Jloufcred^  or  Nepal,  Bramble,  No.  3. ;  and  figs.  530, 

531.  in  p.  312. 
lX,Jrutic'bsus,  the  shrubby  Bramble,  or  common  Blackberry,  No.  10.;  and 

lig.540.  in  p.  316. — The  varieties  recommended  arc,  the  double-flowered, 

the  double  pink-flowered  (if  it  can  be  got),  the  variegated-leaved,  and  R.  f. 

tauricus,  on  account  of  its  large  and  excellent  fruit. 
R.  lacinidtus,  the  c?</-leaved  Bramble,  No.  6. ;  and  fig.  534.  in  p.  314. 
R.  coryhfiHus,  the  HazeUeaved  Bramble,  No.  8.  ;  and  fig.  537.  in  p.  315. 

C.  Prostrate  Brambles 

R.  cof'siwt,  the  grey  Bramble,  or  Dewberry,  No.  7. ;  and  fig.  535.  in  p.  314. — The 
variety  recommended,  in  addition  to  the  species,  is  that  with  variegated  leaves. 

Remark,  The  plants  in  the  last  two  croups  arc  propagated  by  division  of 
the  roots,  or  by  encouraging  the  points  of  the  shoots  to  root,  like  the  runners 
of  n  strawberry;  and  the  plants  m  the  first  group  by  division  of  the  root,  or 
by  suckers. 


XXVI.    iiOSA  CE«  :     POTENTl  LLA.  319 

OOer  Sort!  of  ihrubby  Ru>m*et.—ti..  maero- 
pHalia  Doug.  MS.  in  Hooi.  Fl.  Bar.  Amer. 
p.  t7U.  t.  59.,  and  our  Jig.  5iS.,  u  a  native  of 
low  woods  in  (he  valley  of  the  Columbia,  with 
white  flowers,  and  the  general  balnt  oi  R. 
spect&bilis. 

R.  deUriona  Torre]*  in  Atm.  Lyc.  ii.  p.  196. 
is  a  native  of  Korlh  AmeiicB,  among  the  Rocky 
Mountains ;  with  purple  flowers,  succeeded  by  a 
very  dehcious  fnut.  It  is  a  shrubby  branibie, 
5  or  6  feet  high. 

R.  tiUdceut  Smith  in  Sfet't  Ci/ci.  vol.  xxi.  ii 
a  native  of  Upper  Nepal,  with  white  flowers, 
and  leaves  like  those  of  Tilia  ilba.  S.  cordi- 
foliuB  B.  Pirn  ^pears  to  be  the  some  species, 
or  perh^)s  a  variety.     HoK.  Soc.  in  1834.  ^i.   n  i tui.i 

Genus  X. 

□ 

POTENTI'LLA  L.    Tbb  Potbntillji,  or  Shrubby  CtsansFOiL. 
Lin.  Sj/it,  Icosindria  Polygjnia. 

Uimliftttli^-  Ua.  0<n..  Na.aGO.;  Natl.  Pnt.Dln^lUt   Lrhm.  FM.  Dlii.,  4ta ;  IWc.  Prod..  1. 

II.B71.1  Don't  MDI.,  t.  p.  MS. 
Veriraliot^     Tma  filait,  powerful  \  Id  kllddaD  to  \hr  tuppoml  m«dteliM]  quHlllLri  of  tome 

Gen.  Char.  Ctdyx  lO-parted,  the  9  outer  segments  accessary.  Pclalt  .% 
Slamcnt  nunierous.  Carpeh  nuroerous  with  lateral  styles,  seated  on  a  dry 
permanent,  elevated  receptscle.  {Don't  Milt.) 

Leave*  compound,  nltemate  or  opposite,  stipulate,  sutHevergreen ;  pin- 
natcly  cut.     Fhwen  white  or  yellow, 

•B  of  Europe  and  America,  and  of  e&sy  culture  in  a  dr^ 
.,.agated  by  seeds    or  cuttings 
species,  P.  fhitlcosa,  are  not  much  in  cultivatiun. 

.■    I.  P.  PBUTico'sA  L.     The  shrubby  Potentilla,  or  Cmquefoit. 

MnUlflaMm.    Lin.  Sp.,  KB.  ;   Dk  Prod..  1  p.  !.n.  ;  Don'l  MIU..  1.  p.  MO.  i   NeitL  Pot.  -, 

Pot  J  Siallh't  Eni.  Flori.  l  p,  41fi. 
Eatrattrnfi.    Eii|.  Sot ,  t.  S8.  ;  Nna  Pot,  30. 1.  1 .  i  and  our  A.  MS. 

Spec,  0uir.,  ^c.  Stem  shrubby. 
Leaves pinnately cut,  hury;  the 
lobes  oblong,  lanceolate,  entire, 
approximate,  of  nearly  the  same 
colour  on  both  surfaces.  Sti- 
pules lanceolate,  membraneous,  £ 
acute.  Inflorescence  rather  co-  f- 
rymbose.  Flowers  yellow.  So-  \ 
ptHa  piI6se,  lanceolate,  acute, 
brood  at  the  base.  Bracteaa 
1  inear-lanceolate,  indistm  ctly  pe- 
tioleil.  Corolla  longer  than  the 
cHlyx.  Receptacle  very  hurv. 
{Dee.  Prod.')  A  rounduh  bush. 
England,  Oermany,  the  Pyrenees,  and  other  places  j  in  England,  in  Middlo- 
ion,TecBdnle  J  and  in  Rock  Forest,  Clare,  in  Ireland.  H^ht8ft.to4ft. 
Flowers  yellow  i  July  and  August.     Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 


soil.     They  are  propagated  by  seeds    or  cuttings  ;  and,  except  the  common 
"--   "  "-jtlcosa,  are  not  I "     ' 


320 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Varieties^  according  to  Seringe>  in  Dec.  Prod* 

M  P.f.  2  dahwrica  Ser.  P.  daht^ca  Nesti.  Pot.  31. 
/3  Lehm.  Pot.  32.  —  Glabrous.  Lobes  of  the 
leaves  3 — 5,  pinnately  cut.  Sepals  shorter  and 
broader  than  the  bracteoles.  Dahuria.  In- 
troduced in  ]  824 ;  and  producing  its  yellow 
flowers  in  July.  Plants  in  the  Hort.  Soc. 
Garden,  and  in  the  Epsom  Nursery. 
-*>  P./.  3  tenuUoba  Ser. ;  P.  frutic6sa  jS  jVet//.  Pot. 
30.,  Lehm.  Pot.  32.  var.  y ;  P.florib6nda  Ph. 
FL  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  355.,  WatsotCi  Dend. 
Brit.  t.  70. ;  P.  Cenuifdlia  ScMectend.  Berl 
Mag.,  according  to  Lehm.  Pot.  32.  (Our^g. 
547.)— •  Sepals  and  lobes  of  the  leaves  nar- 
row, and  with  a  slight  hoary  silktness.  North 
America  ;  where  it  is  a  low-growing  shrub,  not 
above  18  in.  high.  It  was  also  found  by  Pallas 
in  Siberia.  The  handsomest  variety  of  the 
species. 


t.  1. :  P.  fruticdsa 


MT.    p.  f.  tMoSloba. 


M  2.  p.  OLA^BRA  Lodd.    The  glabrous  Potentiila. 

Uent0eati(m.    Lodd.  Bot.  Cd>H  t.  914. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  884. ;  Don*i  MIU.,  2.  p.  661. 
Synom^mes.    P.  frutlobM  <U»  AifcA,  aocordiiig  to  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  914. 
Smgraoingt.    Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.,  U  914.  |  and  oar  Jig.  64a 

Spec.  Char.,  Sj^c.  l^tescent.  Branches 
pendulous,  purple.  Leaves  pinnately 
cut  into  5  entire  lobes.  Flowers  ter- 
minaly  white,  of  the  size  of  those  of 
the  wood  strawberry  (FragJUia  v^sca). 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  beautiful  little  shrub. 
Siberia.  Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1818.  Flowers  white  ;  June 
to  August.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  Sep- 
tembv. 

It  differs  from  P.  fruticdsa  in  being  per- 
fectly smooth  in  all  its  parts,  and  in  navinf  pendulous  branches  and  undulated 
leaves.    It  thrives  best  in  a  mixture  of  loam  and  peat,  is  of  slow  growth, 
and  difficult  to  increase,  except  by  seed. 

•o  3.  P.  SalesoVij  Steph.    Salesovius's  Potentiila. 

Idtntifleaiiom.    Staph.,  according  to  Wllld.  Enum.,  p.  562. ;  NetU.  Pot..  SI. } 

Lehm.  Pot,  36.  L  1. ;  Dec.  PtikL,  8.  p.  68a 
EngraoiHg.    t«hm.  Pot.,  S6i  1 1. ;  and  our  Jig.  649. 

Spec.  Char.^  S^c.  Habit  resembling  that  of  C6marum  palustre. 
Stem  suffhiticose.  Leaves  pinnately  cut,  coriaceous.  Lobes 
oblong,  acutely  serrate,  pubescent  above  upon  the  veins, 
whitely  tomentose  beneath.  Stipules  lanceolate,  very  acute, 
entire,  rather  filmy  at  the  edge.  Flowers  large,  white, 
upon  short  peduncles,  and  grouped.  Sepals  lanceolate, 
very  acute,  broad,  almost  as  long  as  the  petals,  which  are 
obovate.  Bracteoles  very  narrow,  smaller  than  the  sepals. 
Receptacle  lanuginose.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  shrub.  Siberia. 
Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers  white ; 
June  and  July,    Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

C6marumpaiii4tre  L.  (Eng.  Bot.,  1. 172.).  Potentiila  C6marum  Scop.,  a  well 
Known  BnUsh  plant,  found  in  boggy  soils,  with  somewhat  ligneous  shoots,  and 
showy  flowers  of  a  deep  duigy  purple,  may  be  added  to  this  order,  and  may 
prove  useful  m  particular  situations,  on  the  margins  of  p  nds 


XXVI.  aosaVe/E  :  cowa  hij. 
Genus  XI. 


COWA'NJi*  D.  DoD.  The  CbwANU.    Lin.  Sytt.  IcoEindria  Polygjni 

ibno  tat'lnl 
Gen.Char.  CnljixS-ckft.  PetaltS.  OroriciS— 14.  Ovule  erect.  SlyUi  Icrminal, 

continuous.   jJoiemoadoroed  with  the  plumose  persistent  style.  (D.Don.) 
Leaoet   aiiDple,  Bltemate,   stipulate,  evergreen;  wed^e-shaped,   oblong, 

pinnatifiil,  plaited.    FlotBeri  tennmal,  solitary,  almost  seasile,  red.  —  Shrub ; 

native  of  Mexico  j  very  ornamental,  but  somewhat  tender  in  British  gardens. 
B.   1.  C.  PLICa't*  D.Dvn.     llie  plaitedJeaiifd  Cowania. 
UnHi/kalfon.    Swt  Btlt.Flor.G«td.,t«l).i  aard-Mw-l"- "-«* 
Engrathv-    Swt.Brlt.n.Ciud..t.400.i*tiaDur./^.tl 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves   wedge-shaped, 

oblong,   pinnatifid,  plaited.   (J3,  Hon.) 

A.  rigid,  evergreen,  decumbent,  much- 
branch^  shrub,   Mexico.    Height  1  ft, 

to  2  ft.     Introduced  in  1835.   FlowerBJI 

dark   redi    June  and  July.      Naked  \ 

young  wood  dark  brown. 

Branches  copiously  clothed  with 
Etnlked  glands.  Petiolei  of  the  leaves 
very  short,  slightly  channeled  above, 
sheathing  at  the  base.  Stipules  adherent. 
Flowers,  when  protruding  from  the  bud 
exactly  like  those  of  RtsA.  This  pro- 
mising eveifireen  shrub,  bang  extremely 
difficult  to  propagate,  has  been  lost,  for  the  present,  to  British  garden 


Sect.  IV.     flo*8E*  Dec. 


BO'SA  Toum.     Trb  Robb  Trbb.     Lm.  Sysl.  Icosandria  Polygfni 


IdmlfflaMm.   ' 


oum.  inic,  I.  p-uch  1.4W.  I  un.  i..on.,«i-i   uun.  iii.^««i.  i  ^idhi.  not.  non., 

^iiMphan  IKcl;  Eltm.;  Iloti^Vn-.i  lloKiiniKli,  Otr. i  ' RooHboois,  Siilc*i 
iiDK^D.  JIB.  i  RotaL,  Span.!  Old  RoHln,  Portugttae. 
DeHoatloit.  Fran  rAoi,  red.  Cclflc ;  la  rofercDco  to  tbe  coloar  of  the  SoirpTiofmott  of  the  tpHlei. 
Gen.  Char.  Calyx  with  the  tube  contracted  at  the  month,  and  with  the  seg- 
ments usually  pinnalely  divided.  PetaU  5.  Stameni  numerous.  Carpcu 
numerous,  bony,  inserted  on  the  inside  of  the  tube  of  the  caiyx,  which  at 
length  becomes  baccate  and  encloses  them.  They  are  dry  and  jndehisccnt, 
beving  ench  a  style  on  the  inner  side.  {Dm/t  MUl.) 

Ltavet  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  iinpari' 
pinnate.    Stipnlei  attached  to  the  petiole.    Pricklci  simple.    Ftotveri   large, 
showy ;  red,  white,  or  ycUow  ;  fragrant. 
Shrubs,  for  the  most  part  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe,  and  of  the  tem- 


322  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

Cte  regions  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  America,  but  not  of  Austrdia;  and  thi-y 
I  been  in  ciiUivation  in  the  Old  World,  for  the  beauty  and  fragrance  of 
their  flowers,  from  time  tmineinorial.  Aa  the  culture  of  rosea  belones  more 
to  floriculture  than  to  arboriculture,  it  will  be  found  eiven  at  length  in  our 
Kncuclopadia  of  Gardening,  and  in  the  Grst  edition  of  this  work.  All  the 
8|)ecies  may  be  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roott,  cuttings  of  the  vouug 
wood  in  a  growing  state,  by  layers,  or  by  budding  or  gr^ing ;  anil  they 
will  all  thrive  in  loamy  soil,  dry  and  rich,  rather  than  poor.  The  genus  R&aa 
is  in  a  state  of  confusion  still  greater  than  that  whii-h  subsists  among  the 
different  kinds  of  Ai'ibus ;  nor  can  it  well  be  otherwise,  when  we  consider 
that  the  greater  number  of  kinds  in  cultivation  are  garden  productions,  and 
that  the  wild  kinds  difTer  exceedingly  according  to  soil  and  situation,  and  have 
been  chiefly  described  by  botanists  trom  dried  specimens.  We  have  adopted  the 
arrangement  in  Don's  Afil/cr,  with  the  exception  of  omittinR  the  first  section, 
Simpficifoliie,  now  made  a  sqiarate  genus  by  Dr.  Lindley.  Where  the  species 
arranged  under  a  section  are  natives  of  diBerent  countries,  it  may  fairly  be 
presumed,  that  there  is  at  least  one  in  each  country  entitled  to  be  considered  a 
species ;  or,  at  least,  it  may  be  convenient  to  do  so,  in  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge.  Nature,  it  is  observed  in  the  A'ouivau  iJu  Hamel,  "  appears  scarcely 
to  have  placed  euiv  limit  between  the  different  species  of  the  rose  ;  and,  if 
it  is  already  very  difficult  to  define  the  wild  species,  which  have  not  yet  been 
modiRcd  by  culture,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  refer  to  their  ori^nal  type  the 
numerous  varieties  which  culture  has  made  in  the  flowers  of  species  already 
so  nearly  resembling  each  other." 

$  i.  Ferbcet  Lindl.  Mon.  p.  3. 

DrTivahim.    Ytcmjcror,  fierce ;  In  refemce  (o  the  brucho  Ndug  ItalcUr  bset  ■lUi  pihUea. 

SeH.  Char.  Branches  clothed  with  permanent  tontcntum.  Fruit  naked.  The 
plants  contained  in  thiff  section  are  a  truly  natural  group;  Uiey  are  tow 
shrubs,  loung  their  leaves  early  in  autumn,  and  are  then  remarkable  for 
their  hoary  branches,  bristles,  anif  numerous  prickles.  Their  fruit  is  per- 
fectly smooth,  which   separates  them  from  the  next  section,  in  which  the 


,  1.  R.  fe'hoi  Laivr.     The  fiercelyprfci/irrf  Rose, 

untirh«ici  Ktil  ilm  1.  p.  II. ;    B.  UmlKhiUQI  B  »roI  Scr.  In  Der.  Prott.  S. 
our  fig.  UJ. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Prickles  all  alike  in  shape,  and 
much  crowded.  Flowers  large,  red.  Fruit  glo- 
bose, scarlet.  (_Don'i  MUL)  A  very  prickly 
shrub.  Caucasus.  Height  3  ft  to  4-  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1796.  Flowers  lo:^  red;  July  and 
August.     Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  Scptcnobcr. 

.■  B.  /  S  niteju  IJndl.  in  Bol.  Reg,  t.  83+., 
Scr.  in  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  607.,  has  shining 
pale  green  glabrous  leaves,  and  pale  crim- 
son flowers.  Deserving  n  place  in  collec- 
tions on  account  of  itii  singularity.  ^j,    „,„„™. 

..  a.  R.  (p.)  K*"TscHi'TiCA  Fetti.     The  Kaintschatka  Rose. 

I,lmttftellm     VeiH.Cell.,L«T.i  Don'iMlLl.,S.  p.MS. 

Evfrnrmg..     Viral.  Cell.,  L  67.;  N.  Du  Han.,  vofM.  10.  f.  I  i  ml  our  A- 6«. 

Spec.Char.,^c.  Prickles  infra-stipular.falcnte,  laree.  Leaves  opaque.  Flowers 
solitary,  deep  rel.  Fruit  sphencal,  scarlet,  less  than  that  of  R.  Brox.  (Dob'* 


XXVI.    fiOSA^CE^:    BuW 

MiiL)     KomtKbatka,  in  dry  rocky  pUcea.     Ha'ght  3  ft.   , 

to  4  ft.     Introduced  in  1791.    Flowers  deep  red  i  June 

and  July.    Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

From  the  appeoisnce  of  the  plant*  bearinR  tbJB  name  in 
the  extensive  collection  in  Messrs.  Loddiges^  aiboretum, 
we  ^outd  consider  it  to  l>e  only  a  variety  of  B.  terox. 
it  is,  hovever,  very  distinct,  and,  from  the  rich  colour  of 
it«  flowers  and  &uit,  well  deurving  a  place  in  collections. 

§  ii.  Bractehta.  m 

Sect.Char.  Branches  and  friiit  clothed  with  permanent  t 
section  is  readily  distii^ished  from  the  last  by  the  woollioess  of  the  fruit. 
Leaves  dense,  usually  shining,  and  prickles  placed  under  the  stipules  in 
pein.  Sepals  simple,  or  neerlv  so.  {Don'i  MUl.)  —  Evei^recn,  or  sub- 
evergreen  bushes.    Natives  of  China  and  Nepal. 

«  3.  A.  bracteaV*  Wemil.    The  ^gr-hracted  Rose. 

nn^CcdMiii.    WendL  ObL,  SO-i  Bad.  Ro).,  J.  p.  39..1c.i  Llod].  not.  Mod,,  p.  10,  i  DccFrod.,!. 

Hguonime.    Lord  MacutiwT'i  Bac«. 

Kigrmnti.    W«idLHoR.lI>iTcBliui>.,  bK.4.  l.u.1  N.  Dii  Hwi,  T.  t  Hg  Bidoiir  A-Ua. 

Spec.Ckar.j^c.     Evergreen.    Branches  upright,  b>- 

menlose.      Prickles    stout,   recurved,    in    many 

UEtanccs  in  pairs.     Leaflets  5 — 9,  obovate,  sub- 

terratc,   coriaceous,   gjoasy,   glabrous.      Stipules 

scarcely  attached  to  the  petiole,  bristl&^lioped, 

but  IHni!cd.     Flowers   solitaiy,  terminal,  white,  ft 

large.     Peduncles  and  calyxes  tomentosc.     Fruit   J 

globose,  tar^c,  oranp;  red.   (^Dec.  Prod.)     Ever- 
green.    China.    Height  5it.  to  SfL    Introiluced  c 

m  1795.      Flowers  large,  showy,  white,  solitary, 

ite^y  sessile  i  June  to  October.     Fruit  orange 

red}  ripe  in  Uctober, 

Itflowersxbundantly.butis  rather  tcn(ler,on  which 
account  it  succeeds  best  when  trained  against  a  wall.  ""■  •■  i«™*i«- 

■  R.A.  2icabrKauiu  Lindl.  Rosar.  Monog.  p.  10.   (Sims  Bet.  Mag., 

t.  1377.) — Blanches  bristly.  Prickles  smaller  than  in  the  species, 
and  rather  straight,     China,  province  of  Tchetchiang.  (Dec.  Prod.) 

■  R.4.  SjWrepfnoHort. — Flower*  double,  but  never  expanding  freely. 
«  R.b.i  Maria  Leonida  Hort. — Flowers  double,  white,  yellowish  pink 

in  the  centre,  expanding  freely.     One  of  the  finest  of  at '  '  ~ 

The  spedes  and  the  varieties,  being  somewhat  tender, 
succeed  best  when  trained  gainst  a  wall.  They  are  very 
ornamental  from  their  shining  evergreen  foliage,  as  well 
as  from  their  Bowers, 


a.  4,  R.  iiiCROFHy'Li.A  Boxb.   The  small-leafleted  Rose. 

U>  LiDdL  R«ir,  Hcoog., 
.  IW.  i  .JB^  rr— ■ "'"    o  -   — 


i  D«.  Proi,  1 

I-Sisirudmrj^.  U4. 


Spec.  Char. ,^c.     Stem  almost  without  prickles.   Leaflets 
glossy,  sharjdy  serrated,  veiny  beneath,  with  densely  l 

netted   enastomosins   vdns.      Stipules  very  narrow,  ' 

unequal.     Flowers  double,  of  a  delicate  rose  colour.      "*■  ■■  "t^vh*"*- 
Calyx  densely  invested  with  prickles.  Sepals  short,  broadly  ovate,  echinate, 
cnduig  in  a  point.     Prickles  having  at  the  base  two  longitudinal  furrows. 


324 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


(Dec,  Prod,)  SulMJvergreen.  China.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
1828,  Flowers  very  large,  double,  and  of  a  delicate  blush  colour;  August 
to  October.    iPruit  orange  red ;  ripe  in  October. 

An  interesting  little  shrub,  but  somewhat  tender,  like  22.  bracteata.    There 
is  a  variety  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden  called  R,  m.  Alba. 

It  5, 12.  INVOLUCRA^A  Roxh.    The  involucred-coryiwAerf  Rose. 

Identification,   Boxb.  PI.  InA  ined.,  acoonllng  to  LIndl.  Row.  Monpg.,  ^  8. ;   Dec,  Prod.,  ». 

p.  602. ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  665.  

SynoiMfme9.    B,  LlndlcyAw  Tratt.  Ros.  S.  p.  109. ;   R.  pald«trU 

Buchttn.{Ham.)MSS, 
JBngravingg.    Bot.  Reg.,  I.  739. ;  and  oar  Jig.  655. 

Spec,  Char,^  ^c    Shoots  long,  tender.     Branches 

pale  brown,  tomentose,  scarcely  prickly.  Leaflets 

3 — 9,  clliptTcal-lanceolate,  tomentose   beneath. 

Stipules  hardly  attached  to  the  petiole,  bristle- 
like-fringed.   Flowers  terminal,  mostly  solitary, 

white.    Peduncles  and  calyxes  tomentose.  (Dec, 

Prod,)    Deciduous,  branchy.   Nepal  and  China. 

Height  3  ft,  to  4  ft.     Introd.  1818.    Flowers 

white;  June  and  July.    Fruit  orange  red;  ripe 

in  October. 

Seringe  seems  to  consider  this  as  a  variety  of 
i2.  bracteita.  The  flowers  arc  in  corymbs,  sur- 
rounded by  three  or  four  approximate  leaves.  The 
plants  are  rather  tender,  and  succeed  best  against  a 
wall,  where  they  flower  magnificently.  Not  com- 
mon in  collections.     Lodd. 


M5.    Jt.  tnTolQCXkta. 


§  iii.  Cinnamomea  Lindl.  Ros.  p.  13. 

Sect,  Char,  Plants  setigerous  or  unarmed,  bracteate.  Leaflets  lanceolate 
glandlcss.  Disk  thin,  never  thickened.  This  section  is  distinguished  by  its 
long  lanceolate  leaflets  without  glands,  its  upright  shoots,  and  compact  habit. 
Flowers  red,  never  solitary,  except  by  abortion,  and  always  supported  by 
bracteas.  Fruit  round,  small,  red  (soon  losing  its  long  narrow  sepals),  and 
with  small,  smooth,  shining  carpels.  The  shoots  are  usually  setigerous  next 
the  ground  ;  but  rarely  so  towards  the  apex,  except  in  one  or  two  instances. 
R,  alpina  and  R,  acicularis,  of  the  following  division,  sometimes  have  brac- 
teas ;  but  their  sepals  never  fiill  off  till  the  fruit  is  decayed.  Sepals  simple, 
entire,  or  nearly  so,  unless  when  mentioned  otherwise.  {Don*s  Mill,)  — 
Plants  of  most  of  the  species  are  in  cultivation  in  British  gardens.  De- 
ciduous rambling  bushes;  natives  of  Continental  Europe  and  North 
America,  and  some  of  them  of  Britain. 

A.  Species  Natives  of  North  America. 
A  6.  R,  LU^ciDA  Ehrh,    The  shining-leawd  Rose. 

IdentificaUon.   Ehrh.  Beltr.,  4.  p.  22. ;  Lindl.  Roaar. Monog.,  p.  17. ; 

Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  602. ;  Don's  HUL,  2.  p.  665. 
Synonvmes.    R.  rikbra  Idcida  Rontg.  Ros.^  t.  7.  and  t.  25.  1 1 .  t  R. 

laclda  Jacq.  FTagm.  71.  -,  Roso  Turneps  ;  Roder  &  Feolllct  de 

Frftne,  Pr. 
Engravtngt*   Red.  and  Thor.  Ros.,  1 .  p.  45.  ic.  \  N.  Du  Ilaxn.,  vol  7. 

t.  7. ;  and  our>^.  566. 

Spec,  Cltar,,  Sj^c,  Prickles  recurved,  or  none.  Leaflets 
5—9,  lanceolate-elliptical,  coriaceous,  bluntly  ser- 
rated, glossy.  Stipules  dilated,  large,  finely  ser- 
rated, and  extended  as  far  as  to  the  leaflets. 
Peduncles  somewhat  hispid.  Flowers  red,  and 
opening  late  in  the  season.     Sepals  almost  entire, 


S56.    ICltelA. 


I 


XXVI.  rosa^ceje:  ro'sa.  325 

sppendicled,  spreading.  Fruit  obktely  globose,  a  little  Jiispid  or  glabrous, 
scarlet.  (Dec.  ProdJ)  An  erect  shining- leaved  shrub.  Korth  America, 
from  New  York  to  Carolina;  near  Boston,  in  bogs,  and  on  the  edges  of 
marshexi  and  in  Newfoundland.  Height  4  fl.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1734. 
Flowers  red,  overtopped  by  the  leaves  and  youog  branebes ;  June  to  August. 
Fruit  bright  red  ;  npe  in  October, 
A  handsome  species,  on  account  of  its  shining  fbliase,  and  one  which  b 

verj'  hardy ;  but  tne  flowers  hove  a  very  disagreeaMe  smell. 

^  7.  R.  ni'tida  IV.     The  gloisy-Zeaoerf  Rose. 

UfUfcaHn.    WUM.  Enara.,  M4. 1  Llndl.  Baiu.  Moods.,  p.  19.;  Dec.  Piod.,  ■■  p.  «a. ;  Don'i 

Sw»mima.    B.  Ralulta rut^Knii  T'lorifin  Rot.  Set.  I.  p.  IDS,  It;  Um dvuT Lilmdor Row. 
fwrnAwi.    Ltndl.  Raur.  Vloaow.,  p.  13.  L  9.  ;  Rcdgult  BoL 

I,  p.  1(3.  k.  I  udourA,  HT. 
spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Dwarf  and  reddish  in   aspect. 

Stem  aod  branches  alnwat  corered  with  slender, 

other  equal,  prickles.    Leaflets  5 — E>,  rather 

rigid,  lanceolate,  glossy,     St^ules  large,  finely 

serried,  extending  as  far  as  to  the  leailets. 

Flowers  red.    Peduncle  bristly.    Sepals  spread- 
ing.   Fruit  bristly,  shininft  and  scarlet.    (Dec. 

PrDd.y   A  shrub  beset  with  stroieht  red  spines. 

Newfoundland.  Height  2  ft.  to  3ft.  Introduced 

in  1807.     Flowers  deep  red;  June  to  August, 

Fruit  depressed,  spherical,  bright  scarlet;  ripe 


This  is  an   interesting   plant,  from  its  dwarf 
stature,  its  abundant  reddish  prickles,  its  glossy  ui.  ■. 

leaves,  its  flowers,  and  its  fruit, 

,  8,  R.  fl*'p*  Baic.  The  Tunup-fiailed  Rose. 
Ii1»U|IUlUm.  Bok  Diet.  d'Agric  ;  IJad].  Rmv.  Moiun.,  P.  )D.  i  Dr.  Frod..l. 
MUl.,  t.  p.  HI. 


Spec.  Oar.,  fc.     Taller  than  J?,  lilcida,  and 

spreading.  Branches  without  prickles.  Leaf- 
lets oblong,  undulate,  shining.     Fruit  heuii- 

spherical.     Closely  allied   to   R,  Mcida,  of 

which  it  is  very  likely  a  variety.  (Dec.  Prid.) 

Petals  always  multiplied,  smaller  then  those 

of  R.  lucida ;  brisht  red.     Fruit  deep  red. 

8epals  compound.     A  lall  straggling  bush. 

North    America,    in    the    warmer    states, 

Hcuht  3  ft.  to  4  ft.    Introduced  ?.  Flowers 

doi^c,  bright  red;  June  to  August.     Fruit 

deep  red  ;  ripe  in  October, 

Only  known  in  its  double-flowered  state 
in  British  gardens,  where  it  is  a  freely  growing  ^^   ^  ^^ 

hardy  plant,  with  large  double  flowers, 
^  9.  R.  parvipld'ra  Ehri.     The  small-flowered,  or  Penntylvaman,  Roee. 


Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.     Dwarf.     Stipules  linear.     Prickles  acicular.     Leaflets  Ian> 
ceotatc,  smoothiih,  sharply  serrated.     Calyxes  clammy.     Flowerj  usually 


326 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


in  pairs.  (D<m*t  Mill,)  A  low  weak  shrab.  North  Amo- 
rica,  on  the  declivities  of  hills,  in  the  states  of  New  York 
and  Carolina.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1784.  Flowers 
pale  blush ;  June  to  August.     Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  Octob^. 

Variety, 

jK  R.  p.  2  flore  pleno  Red.  Ros.  2.  p.  73.,  and  our  fie. 
559.  —  Flowers  double,  pale  blush,  unexpanded. 
A  neat  little  rose,  but  not  in  very  general  cul- 
tivation. 


A9e.    Jl.  pWTiStea 
dtevpiino. 


MO.    A.ikaxlniniik, 


A  10.  R,  FRAxiNiFoYiA  Bork,    The  Ash-leaved  Rose. 

IdaUffkation.    Btfrk.  Hols.,  SOI . ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  fi66. 

Synomymet.    R.  virgloUna  Mill.  Diet.  No.  10. :   R.  b\4nda  a  Sol.  MSS.  Jaeq.  Frarm,  70.  t.  I06u  • 

R.  corymbdaa  Bo$e  Die.  d^Agr.  ex  DttS-  Cat,  Uort.  Par.  p.  S7S.  ? ;  «         s  « 

R.  alplna  /3  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  vol.  3.  p.  286. ;  R.  alptna  laeSu 

Red.  Ro$.  l.p.  07.,  Lawr.  Ros.  t.  79. 
Engravinga.    Isot.  Rag.,  t.  458. ;  Lawr.  Roi.,  t.  76. ;  andoor^.  660. 

S^ec,  Char.,  ^c.  Tall,  unarmed.  Branches  straight, 
glaucescent.  Leaflets  opaque,  undulated,  and  gla- 
brous. (Dan^s  MUL)  Branches  dark  purple,  with 
a  pale  blue  bloom.  Flowers  small,  red,  in  few- 
flowered  cymes.  Fruit  naked,  small,  round  or  ovate, 
of  a  dull  pale  red.  A  glabrous  shrub.  Native 
of  Newfoundland,  and  on  the  north-west  coast  of 
America.  Height 4 ft. to 6 ft.  Introduced?.  Flow- 
ers red ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  dull  pale  red ;  ripe 
in  September. 

Other  North'American  Species. — R.  Wo6dsti  LindL, 
R.  Carolina  Lin.,  R.  Lindleyt  Spreng.,  are  described 
in  our  first  edition ;  and  the  first  two  are  in  Messrs. 
Loddiges's  collection. 

B.  Species  Natives  of  Nepal. 
A  11.  A.  macrophy'lla  Litidl.    The  long-lcavcd  Rose. 

IdentifieaHon.    Lindl.  Rot.  Mooog.,  p.  86. ;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  866. 
EngravtiigM.    Lindl.  Rot.  Monog.,  t.  6. ;  aad  our  fig.  861. 

Spec.  Char.,  c^c.  Unarmed.  Leaves  very  long;  leaf> 
lets  5^11,  lanceolate.  Petioles  with  a  few  glands, 
which,  as  well  as  the  leaflets,  are  woolly  beneath. 
Sepals  narrow,  longer  than  the  petals,  which  are 
apiculated.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  smooth  shrub.  Gos- 
sainthan.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1830. 
Flowers  red,  on  villous  peduncles,  and  furni^ed 
with  a  few  unequal  seta^  as  well  as  the  fiuit. 

Dr.  Lindley  observes  of  this  rose,  that  its  leaves 
are  the  largest  he  has  ever  seen ;  that  it  cannot  be 
confounded  with  any  thing  else ;  and  that  it  may  be 
considered  the  link  between  Cinnamdmeae  and  Pimpi- 
nellifolise.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  mi.  r.  waayhixu. 

C.  Species  Natives  of  CorUinctUal  Europe. 
A  12.  R.  CiNNAMo^MEA  BesL     The  Cinnamon^c«t/«f  Rose. 

Identification.    Betl.  Hort.  Ejtt.  Vero.  Ord.,  6.  p.  6. ;  Un.  8p.,  708.  %  Don't  Mill.,  2.  p.  866. 
Synontfmet.     R.  fcecondittlma  Muneh.  Hmuv.  6.  p.  279.,  «.  Dan,  t.  1214. ;  R.  malUk  Bcrm. 

Di*$.  8. 
EngravingM.    Lindl.  Rot.,  t.  8. ;  Fl.  Dan.,  C.  1214. ;  and  our  Jig.  862. 

SIpec.  Cfiar,,  ^c.  Tall,  cinereous.  Branches  straight.  Prickles  stipular, 
straightish.  Stipules  dilated,  undulated.  Leaflets  oblong,  obtuse,  wrinkled, 
tomcntose  beneath.    {DorCs  Mill.)     Flowers   solitary,  or   2 — 3  together. 


XXVI.   IZOSA^CEiE:    R0^8A. 


327 


pale  or  bri^t  red.  Fruit  round,  naked,  and  crimson. 
The  double^flowered  variety  is  most  common  in  gar- 
dens. An  upright  shrub.  Native  of  most  parts  of 
Europe,  and  a  doubtful  native  of  England.  Height 
5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  pale  or  bright  red ;  May  and 
June.     Fruit  crimson  ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  desirable  sort,  on  account  of  its  fragrance, 
which  resembles  that  of  cinnamon.  There  is  a  semi- 
double  variety ;  and  the  single  state  is  supposed  to  be 
identical  with  R»  majalis  below.  ^.^^ 

Other  European  Spedet  not  Natives  of  Brilam.  —  R,       set.  r.  ctnmmdinM. 
frutetorum  Best,,  R,  taurica  Bieb,y  and  R,  dahurica 
Pa//.,  are  described  in  our  first  edition,  and  the  first  two  are  in  Messrs.  Lod- 
diges's  collection. 

D.  Species  Natives  of  Brilainm 
mIB,  R.  (c)  uaja'lis  Retz,    The  May  Rose. 

Ident0eaiton.    Rets.  Obs.  Bot.,  S.  p.  33.  \  Don's  Mill.,  2.  p.  566. 
Sjfnonymes.    R.  m&Uca  Ft.  Dan.  688. ;  R.  BpinosUBima  Gorier.  I\ 

a. ;  R.  coUincoU  Ekr.  Beiir.  2.  p.  70. ;  R.  dnnamdmea  Eng.  Boi. 
Engrawingt.    Fl.  Dan.,  t.  688. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2388. ;  and  our  Jig.  563. 

Spec.  Char^  S^c.  Dwarf  grey.  Branches  straight,  coloured. 
Prickles  scattered,  nearly  equal.  Stipules  linear.  Leaf- 
lets oblong,  flat,  glaucous,  and  tomentose  beneath. 
(  DonU  Mill,)  A  nearly  smooth  shrub.  Flowers  usually 
solitary,  pale  red.  Fruit  orange  red,  spherical,  and 
naked.  Nadve  of  Sweden  and  Lapland  ;  and  of  Britain, 
near  Pontefract,  in  Yorkshire. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers 
pale  red  ;  May  and  June. 

by  some  to  be  the  single  state  of 


563.    JLm^Ii. 

This  is  supposed 
R,  cinnamomea. 


*  14.  72.  DiCKSON/ii^^Li  Lindl.    Dickson's  Rose. 

Idendfieation.    lindl.  Hort.  Trani.,  7.  p.  224. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  vol.  It. 

p.  51. ;  Don't  Mill.,  1.  p.  566. 
EngraHngi.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2707. ;  and  our  fig.  564. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  flexuous,  setiserous,  armed 
with  a  few  slender  scattered  prickles.  Leaflets 
folded  together,  unequal,  with  coarse  double  scr- 
ratures.  Stipules,  petioles,  and  sepals  compound. 
Styles  stretcned  out,  elabrous.  (Don^s  Mill,)  A 
large  prickly  shrub.  Ireland.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  white  or  pale  pink ;  June  and  July. 


364.    A.  Dickaonf.M*. 


§  iv.  Pimpinellifblia:  Lindl. 

Sect,  Char,,  4*^.  Plants  bearing  crowded,  nearly  equal,  prickles,  or  unarmed. 
Bractless,  rarely  bracteate.  Leaflets  ovate  or  oblong.  Sepals  connivent, 
permanent.  Tnak  almost  wanting.  This  section  is  essentially  different  from 
the  last  in  habit,  but  in  artificial  characters  they  approach  very  nearly.  It, 
however,  may  be  distinguished  by  the  greater  number  of  leaflets ;  which 
vary  from  7  to  13,  and  even  to  15,  instead  of  from  5  to  7*  The  flowers 
are  also  universally  without  bracteas  ;  except  in  the  72.  alpina,  R,  Sabim, 
R,  Dooidna,  and,  perhaps,  R,  marginkta.  Tnese,  haying  connivent  perma- 
nent sepals,  cannot  bo  confounded  with  the  preceding  division  ;  nor,  on 
account  of  their  disk,  with  the  following.  There  is  no  instance  of  stipular 
prickles  in  the  present  tribe.     The  sepals  are  entire,  or  nearly  so,  unless 

Y  4 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRliTltETUM    DItlTANNICUM. 


partly  low  and  dense,  and  partly  larse  and  r 
Contineoul  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  Americ 


when  mentioned  otherwise.  {Don't  Mill.') — Dedduoua :  forniina  biuhes 
''    ' '  '-        -    •  -    -1    1    jg  ,^,j  fambling.    Natives  ofBrituD, 

\i  America. 

A.  Spcdei  NaiitKt  of  Europe: 
M   15.  R.  ALPi^A   Lm.     The  Alpine  Rote. 
IJauificalion.    LlD.  Sp.,ro9.  i  Dod'i  Hi)l..l.  p.  W7. 

Sgtvuvmci.  R.  rupCilHi  CrimlM  AuMlr.  U.  ;  A.  maDlpiIUa  Gdhk  tInmMp.  US.  i  II.  Islnnit  MAL 
Dia.  No.fi..  B.bfbMi.  na-Daiqik.  S,  p.  »«.;  ff.  lifmtria  fat.  Lc.  p.WI.i  AbUftnJTro*. 

Entratimtl.    Jicq.  Fl.  Aiutl.,  t.  ITS.  j  Llndl.  Bot.  RegM  t.  474.  i  Did  our  .1^.  Ht. 

Spee.  Char.,  Sfc.  Unarmed.  Fruit  elongated,  pendulous.  Peduncle*  hiapid. 
(Don't  Mill.)  Flowers  erect,  blush-coloured,  solitary.  Fruit  orange  red, 
oblong  or  oboyate,  with  long  sepals,  generally  pendulous.  An  unanned 
shrub.  Alps  of  Austria,  hills  in  the  South  of  France,  Silesia,  Bohemia 
Dauphin£,  Switzerland,  &c.  Height  Sft.  toBft.  Introduced  in  1663 
Flowers  Uush-coloured ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  orange  red  ;  ripe  in  Sep- 


VarietKi. 

•  R.  a.  S  tc'cii  Ser.,  but  not  of  Desy.  or  Red. ;  .R.  Sanguisorba  majdrii, 

&c.,  DiU.  Elth. ;  R.  olpina  glMiro  Detv. ;  B.  a,  vulgaris  Red.  Rm.  2. 

p.  111.,  and  our  j^.  5«6. ;  has  the  stem,  peduncles,  and  calyx  quite 

glabrous,  and  the  fruit  oblong. 
A  R.  p.  3  tpecidta  Hort.  Drummond's  Thomless  Rose.  —  A  very   beau- 

tifiil  climbing  variety,  raised  by  Mr.  Dnimmond  in  the  Cork  Botanic 

Garden,  about  1820. 
OtitT  yarietia.     Fourteen  ore  described  in  the  first  edition  of  this  work, 
but  they  are  chiefly  of  botanical  interest. 

M  16.  R,  sfAViB  Willd.    The  sweet  Rose. 

HmUfleeHtm.    Wllld.  Eddul  Suppl.,  p.  W.  i  Link  Enimi.,  J.  p.  M.  i  Don'i  WU.,  I.  p.  SCT. 

Engrariiv.    H'fMAbliad.,1.  it.;  taioarA.KI. 

i^iec.  Char.,  Src.     Stem  hispid.     Leaves  glabrous,  glnu- 

cescent  beneath.   Peduncles  and  petioles  clothed  with 

glandular  bristles.  (Don't  Mitt.)     Petals  deep  purple, 

deeply  S-lobed.     Fruit  oblong,   glabrous.     A  hi^id 

shrub.    Native  country  unknown,  most  probably  Eu- 
rope.     Height  3  ft,  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in   1818   . 

Flowers  deqi  purple;  June  and  July.     Fruit  scarlet , 

ripe  in  September. 

This  very  distinct  variotj;,  or  perhajis  species,  of  rose 
is  probnbly  at  present  wanting  in  British  collections  (  for 
it  must  not  be  confounded  with  .Rosa  suaviolens  or  j_    „  ^^^ 

with  Adsa  suavifSlia,  bolh  described  in  Le  Bolatmle  Cul' 
tiraieur  as  varieties  of  R.  rubigiooaa,  or  synonymes  to  that  species. 


XXVI.  ro6A^cem:  ro^sa.  329 

•  17.  S.  SULPHUliEA  Ait.     The  eu\p\iaT-co/ouied-Jlouifred  Rose. 

jdauaeatim.    Alt.  Hon.  Ke«.  9.  p.  *0I. ,  LJndl.  R«..  t  77. ;  Don'i  Mill,,  3.  axe. 

..    ,.  '-Tii,ph6rti!«Hffm.i>/M.  18.1  fl. gUucoph JiU «r». /^r«r.  J.  p.OO.:  BlMlili™ 

lilt.  1476.  No.  31.1  J>.  lilUaAnU.  n.  /.nr.  1.  p.  337.  (  Ihe  double  rellQir  RoH. 
..  RoL  1. 77. ;  Bot.  Btt;  c.  M.  I  ud  Dur/(.  Ka. 

i^c.  Char.,  i^c.  Stipules  linear,  divaricate, 
dilated  at  Ibe  apex.  Leaflets  glaucous,  flattish. 
Tube  hemlBpherical.  (Don't  Mill.'j  Stem 
prickles  unequal,  scattered.  A  deciduouB 
shrub.  Lerant.  Height  4  ft.  to  10  h.  In- 
troduced before  1629.  Flowers  fine  trans- 
parent yellow,  double;  July. 
This  sort  does  not  flower  freely,  excq)t  in 

open  airy  situations  ;  and,  if  trained  against  a 

wall,  exposed  to  the  north  or  east  rather  than 

to  the  south.     Its  flower  buds  ere  opt  to  burst 

on  one  side   before   they  expand,  and  conse- 
quently to  become  deformed;  tc  prevent  this, 

tlie  blossom  buds  should  be  thinned,  and  care 

taken  that  they  have  abundance  of  light  and  air. 

Watering  it  fi^ly  in  the  flowering  season  is  found 

adrantageoUR  ;  and  the  shoots,  in  general,  ought 

not   to   be   shortened.     This  beautiful  species 

is  said  to  flower  freely,  if  grafted  on  the  musk  *"■  "■  "*•*"■ 

cluster  at  B  or  10  feet  ftota  the  ground ;  or  it  will  do  well  od  the  China  rose. 

«  19.  R.  SANOUisoBBiFo'LiA  Donn.     The  Burnet-leared  Bose. 
lo  Hnrt  Cmt.,  ed,  B.  p.  \m. ;  DoD'i  Uill.,  1.  p.  K9. 
DoitHlnii  Tu.  I  unEulMiflilfbUa  LUM.  Rot.  p.  M. ;  B.  •pln«.  rv.  iciKrcipfa^ 

■.*"  *:,^p.    . 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Tall.  Prickles  nearly  equal.  Leaflets  9—11,  oblona,  gla- 
brous, simply  serrated.  Fruit  globose,  depressed,  darii.  (Don'i  MiU.)  An 
erect  shruD.  Ibbitat  unknown,  most  probably  Europe.  Height  3(1.  Co  5  ft. 
Flowers  white;  May  and  June.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  September. 


B.  Speaa  Nathei  of  Sthcria. 
m  19.  A.  gbandiflo'ha  lAndl.     The  large-flowered 

UltlHllaliim.    LIuU.  Roi.,  p.  fiS.  l  Drm'i  Kill.,  g.  p.  MO. 

Swmmfmr.  .JL  phnplDcUirftlU  Ai*.  Fl.  Tatir.l.  p.101. 

Eagmh^i.    Bot.titg.,t.m6.:  mail  oar  fig.  sm. 

Spet.  CTar.,  ^c.  Branches  without  bristles.  Prickles 
nearly  equal,  distant.  Leaflets  flat,  glabrous,  simply 
serrated.  (Don't  MiU.')  A  prickly  shrub.  Siberia, 
Height  4tt.  to  6ft.  Introduced  in  I8IB.  Flowers 
white;  May  and  June.  Fruit  dark;  ripe  in  Sept. 
Differs  from   R.   spinoslssima,   though   scarcely   so 

much  as  to  render  it  a  distinct  species.  in.  . 

R.  Bciculiris  Lindl.,  and  R.  oxyacantha  Bicb.,  are  describe! 

C  i^iecie*  NattPCt  of  North  AtnencQ  and  Siberia. 
m  20.  R,  lvtb'scbns  Purih.     The  yellow  Amnican  B 
Mniyieaaaii.    I 

IfUKU  ftL  tta.  Mm,.  L  1=111.  ^^^^  ^^ 


Sptanin^.    B.  hiipU*  OirL  Boi.  Mag- 1. 
tmgrawhigi.    Llndl.  Hat.,  t.  9. ;  Bot.  M^ 


330  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

^ec.  Char.,  ^c.     Prickles  of  ihe  branches  crowded,  unequal, 

Blender,  reflexed  ;  of  the  branchleta.  Email  and  nearly  equal 

LeafleM  flat,  glabroiiK,  aimply  sermted.   (DonV  Mill.)     An 

erect  shrub.     North  Amenca  and  Siberia.     Height  4  ft.  to 

6  ft.     Introduced  in  1780.     Flowers  pale  yellow;  May  and 

June,     Fruit  large,  oyate,  black. 

A  very  distinct  variety,  or  probably  Bpeciea,  well  deserving 
a  place  in  botanical  collections. 

J,  21.  J(.  mvriaca'stha  Dec.     The  myriad-prickled  Rose.   i,o.  B.i,»,„i,. 
IibnAAuMm.    Dm.  Fl.  Fr,.4.  p.4M.  I  Don'iHUI.,  3.  p.Kl. 

,1.5m  it.  1  rayriictnihi  Str.  In  Del.  Prt/i.  a.  p.  ate. 
Engmimti.    Llndl,  «m.,  1. 10.  i  ind  our  .ft.  HI. 
&iec.  Char.,  ^c.     Pricklea  nnequol,  larger  ones  da^er-formed.     Leaflets  glan- 

dular.glabroiii.orbicular.  (Don'iMui.)    A  diminutive  spiny  shrub.    Siberia, 

Tauria,and  also  DBuphine,and  near  Montpelier. 

Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.     Fkiwera  white ;  May  and 

June.     Fruit  dark;  ripe  in  September. 

Shoots  simple  an 
erect,  resembling,  i 
many  respects,  R.  sp 

-  '   '-- '-  astuqtt 


•  22.  R.  rbvb'rsa   WaUil.  et  Kit.     The  rBversed-prio*/«i  Hose. 

MuMi'M.    Wddn.  at  Kit.  Hung..!,  p.m.;  Dun')  Wit.,  1.  p.S«8. 
wngi.    WaldiLHKit.  Huo|,,S.l.M4.;ourjto.lin. 


Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Prickles  setaceous,  nearly  equal,  reflexed.  Leaves  doubly  scr- 
r<ited,  pubescent.  Fruit  faiEpid.  (JDon'i  Mill.)  A  large  rambling  slirub. 
Hungary,  on  the  mountuns  of  Matra,  in  stony  places.  Height  8  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1816.  Flowers  solitaiy,  white,  di^ed  with  pink ;  June  and 
July.     Fruit  ovate,  dark  purple;  ripe  in  September. 

D.  Specie!  A'aftw*  ofSriiabi. 


Emfrmlmfi.    Kng.  B<K.,  L I^.  i    fbju  AlitiUd.,   COT.;  mud  oui 

A.m. 

^c.  (Aar.,  ire.  Prickles  unequal.  Leaflets  flat,  , 
glabrous,  simply  serrated,  (Don'i  MSI.)  A  dwarf 
compact  buui,  with  creepmg  suckers.  Flowers 
small,  solitary,  white  or  blush-coloured.  Fruit 
ovate,  or  neariy  round,  black  or  dark  purple.  A 
very  spb;  shrub.  Europe  ;  plendiul  in  Britain. 
Height  I  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers  white  or  blush  i  May 
and  June.     Fruit  purple  or  black  ;  ripe  in  Sept. 

I'aricliei.      A  great  many  varieties,  cross-bredi:,  and  ■ 
hybrids  have  been  raised  of  thin  rose,  with  flowers 


XXVI.  aosa'ce^:  ho'sa.  331 

double,  Kmklouble,  white,  purple,  red,  and  eren  yellow.  The  drat  double 
variety  was  found  in  a  wild  state,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Perth,  by  Mr. 
Brawn  of  the  Perth  Hurserv,  who  raised  a  number  of  others  from  seed. 
Mr.  Austin  of  the  Glasgow  Nursery  also  raised  ujiwards  of  60  select  vari- 
etiea  ;  and,  subsequently,  the  number  of  these  Terieties  for  sale  in  the  nur- 
series bus  become  so  great,  und  thej'  are  cbangins  their  names  so  often,  that 
it  would  be  useless  to  attempt  to  give  a  list  of  them  in  this  work.  In  Mr. 
Rivere's  Abridged  List  of  Roses,  in  the  Soie  Amalair'i  Guide,  the  following 
sorts  are  recommended  ;  Erebus,  Guy  Mannering,  La  Neige,  Lady  Baillie, 
Queen  of  May,  True  yellow,  William  the  Fourth,  and  Venus. 

'  24.  R.  hvbb'lla  Stidih.     The  reddish  Hose. 

ElS.Bl«.?^l.lWoQrJV°W4.     '••'■' 

Spec.  CliaT,,S!e.     Prickles  slender,  straight, crowded.  Fruit 
globose.  Leaflets  glabrous.    Peduncles   bristly.   iDon'i 
Mill.)    A  low  shrub,  with  divaricating  branches.    Eitf- 
■and,  in  Northumberland,  on  the  sandy  sea  coast.  Hei^t 
8  ft,  to  3  ft.     Flowers  either  bluah -coloured,  or  white 
blotdied  with  fiink,  delicately  fragrant  ;   July.     Fruit 
blight  scarlet  i  ripe  in  September. 
A  rare  species,  nearly  allied  to  R.  spinoatssima 
•  85,  S.  bibb'bnica  Smth.     The  Irish  Rose. 
MrMlficaam.    SmUta  iD  Em.  BoL,  119e. ;  DOB''  Wl-,  t-  P-  MS- 
llngrni^.    Bof .  BM,  t.  «lff.  i  md  our  ;l(.  STN 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  unequal,  sli^tly  hooked.smaller  oi 
bristleJbrmed,     Leaflet*  ovate,  acute,  simply  serrated,  with 
the  ribs  hairy  beneath.     Sepals  pinnate.     Fruit  nearly  gir 
bular,  smooth,  as  well  as  tlie  p«luncles.  (Don'i  Miii.)  , 

prickly  shrub.    Ireland,  in  the  counties  of  Detry  and  Down, 
in  thickets.  Height  4 ft.  to  eft.  Flowers  sniall, light  bluish  ; 
June  to  November.     Fruit  orange-coloured ;  ripe  Sept, 
J  26.  R.  Wi'lson/  Borr.    Wilson's  Rose. 
/dnUMsMm.    Hoc*.  Brit.  Flor.,  p.MS-i  Bng,  Bol.  Suppl.,  WM-i  Don'i 
Bngrainil'  Euf.  Bot.,  I.  tm.  iia&oai  fif.Kt. 
Spec.  Char.,  4-c.     PHckles  crowded,  unequal,   straidit,  inter- 
mixedwith  setie.    Lealletssimplyscrrated.bBiry,  their  disks 
glandtess.    Sepals  simple.     Fruit  nearly  globuhir.    {Bon'i 
Mm.)    England,  near  Bangor  Ferry.     Height  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  _ 

FIowefB  beautiful  dark  pink  j  June  and  July.  *"■  ■■iiiMni'f- 

^  27.  R.  intolu'ta  Sadth,     The  involutei^faM  Rose. 

MatlipeaHim.    SmlUi  In  Eng.  BM..  fOSS.  1  Don't 

uuTTrii.  Ms- 

{^Hpjqffltf.     R.   niT&L 

EtmrlntI-    Bug.  1 


.    it.  ntTftUi  Dam  HorL  t 


? 


i^wc.  Cha-.,  ^c.  Prickles  very  une- 
qual, and  very  much  crowded.  LeaC- 
lets  doubly  serrated,  pubescent. 
Petals  convolute.  Fruit  prickly, 
(Don't  Mdi.)  Petals  pale  red,  con- 
care.  Hebrides,  in  the  Isle  of  Arran, 
and  in  Glen  Lyon.  A  low  shrub. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Flowers  pde 
red  i   June.      Fruit  black ;    ripe  in 


ARBORETUM    ET    FUUTICETUM     BRITAKNICLM. 
A  88.  R.  S*8rN/  Wooda.     Sabine's  Ro»e. 


Sptc.  Char,,  ^c.  Peduncles,  calyx,  fruit,  and  branches 
bmtly.  Prickles  BcattereiJ,  straightiBh.  Leaflets 
doubly  serratad,  nearly  smooth,  with  hair;  ribs.  Se- 
pals pinnate.  (Dor'i  Mill.)  Flower  stalks  nuher  , 
aggregate.  Petab  fine  red.  Fruit  ovate,  bright  scarlet. 
An  upright  branchy  shrub.  Native  of  Scotland,  near 
Dunkelil;  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  Northumber- 
land; and  Voikshve.  Height  fi  ft,  to  8  ft.  Flowers 
red;  July.     Fruit  bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  Septeniber.  >;).  ■.sabui. 

Variety.  A  plant  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden  is  named  B.  8.  gricilis. 
•  29.  R,  DotiiA^NA   Woods.     Don's  Rose:. 

Identificalum.    WoDdl  in  Ud.  TruiL,  13.  p.  J^,.  Dqp'i  Hill     q  ri  BTQ. 
^mmfmi.    B.  BMat  fi  Limli.  Sin.  p.  !6.  "'      ''"'■ 

£lVn*<(ti.    BD«.  Bol.  Sup.,  I,  KOI. ;  ukI  ourj^.  lira. 

J,    Spec.  Char.,  Src     Peduncles  bractless,  bristly,  as  well 

*£»■       OS  the  elobular  fruit  and  calyi.     Stem  bristly  and 

^^         pnckly,  like  the  downy  petioles.      Leaflets  elliptical, 

I  doubly  and   sharplv  serrated,  hairy  on  both  sides 

Petals  spreading.    (flonV  MUL)     Segments   of  the 

tcalyi  simple.     A  large  shrub.     Highlands  of  Scot- 
land, particularly  on  the  mountains  of  Clo™,  Angus- 
ahu-c.     Height   4ft.   to   5ft.     Flowers   pink;  Xune 
and  July.    Fruit  red  j  ripe  in  September. 
Variety.     There  is  a  variety 

m.  <.D«M_  called  R.  D.  h6nida;  and ^  .....„„  „„,i 

R.   Wllsoni  Borr.  (Ene.  Bot,  Supp,  t.  8723.),  R. 
Sabinuina,  and  R.  involitta  are  all  some  of  the  endless  varieties  of   R. 
mtillis,  our  R.  Tillosa,  No.  35.  (Camp.  Bol.  Mag.,  i.  p.  IB9.) 
This  rose  was  named  in  honour  of  Mr.  Don  of  Forbr. 

5  V.    CeiOifhlia  Lindl. 

Dfrlta/iffm.    Front  ceiUmm.'*  hundred. ind  JU^uhi.  a  Ittf;  btc4ui«  (hoipAdcfl  cceuinM  lnthl« 

Seel.  Char.,  ^c.  Shrubs  all  bearing  bristles  and  prickles.  Peduncles  brae- 
teate.  Leaflets  oblong  or  ovate,  wrinkled.  Disk  thickened,  closing  the 
throat.  Sepals  compound.  —  This  division  comprises  the  portion  of  the 
genus  Josa  which  has  most  particularly  interested  the  lover  of  flowers.  It 
18  probable  that  the  earliest  roses  of  which  there  are  any  records  o£  being 
cultivated  belonged  to  this  section ;  but,  to  which  particular  species  those 
of  Cyrene  or  Mount  Fangieus  are  to  be  referred,  it  is  no  w  too  late  to  enquire. 
The  attar  of  roses,  whidi  is  an  important  article  of  commerce,  is  either 
obtained  fh)m  roses  belongiiu  to  this  division  indiscriminately,  as  in  the 
manufactorv  at  Florence,  conducted  by  a  convent  of  friars;  or  from  some 
particular  kind,  as  in  India.  {Don't  MiU.,  ii.  p.  571.  adapted.)  Decidu- 
oua  bushes,  generally  erectUh  ;  natives  of  Syria,  Caucasus,  and  Middle  of 
Europe. 

■  30.  S.  daii*scbVa  Mill.    The  Damascus,  oi  Dumatk,  Rose. 

JUnlffciMm.    MILL.  [McL,  No,  LB, :  Don'i  HLIL^  X  p.  971 

^»™™»™o;     B.b#lE|cii  MIILDia.  No.  11.;  S.  cMUndlnim  Miaui.  Hiiar,  ex  Bork.  thti.  iX., 

Bjgmn^"  RhIo^Sw.,  1. ,.  M.,  our  Jte.  S90.  of  It.  d.  ™«ft,«i  uid  ™rj!g.  tSl.  gf  B.  d.  ,„b. 

^)ce.  Char.,  ije.     Prickles  unequal,  larger  ones   fnlcnte.      Sepals   rcflexed 


XXVI.  bos/lCEM  ;  no  sa.  333 

Fruit  elonsBted.  (Doh'i  Mill.)  A  bushj;  shrub.  Syria.  Height  2  ft.  to  8  (l. 
Introduced  in  1573.  Flowers  la^je,  white  or  rod,  single  or  double ;  June 
and  July.  Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  September. 
Varitliet.  There  are  nearly  100  varieties  which  are  clasaed  under  this  species  ; 
but  it  is  very  doubtrul.  whether  many  of  them  are  not  hybrids  between  Ihia 
and  other  sorts.  Among  the  names  of  the  varieties  classed  under  this 
head  are,  the  monthly  blush ;  the  blush  damask  ;  the  red  and  white  da. 
'   ;  the  red  and  white  monthly;  the  incomparable;  the  crimson  pcr- 


York  and  l«oca«ter. 


I^e  present  species  may  be  distinouisbed  from  R.  centiBlia  b;  the  greater 
uie  of  the  prickles,  the  srcenncss  of  the  bark,  the  elongated  fruit,  and  the 
long  rcdeiM  sepalB.  The  petals  of  this  species,  and  all  the  varieties  of  R. 
centifSlia,  as  well  as  those  of  other  species,  are  employed  indiscriminately  for 
the  purpose  of  making  rose-water.  R.  damasc^na  is  extremely  beautiful,  irom 
the  size  and  brilliant  colour  of  its  flowers. 


■  31.  A.  cbntifo'lia  LtR.  Tfaebundred-petaled,  Provfiuv,  or  Cii£6^e,  Rose. 


Spec.  Char.,  3(c.  Prickles  unequal  larger  ones 
falcate.  Leadets  ciliated  with  glands  Flowers 
droopins.  Calyxca  clnuuuy  Fruit  oblong 
(Dmt'i  MUJ.)  A  bushy  shrub  Eastern  Cauca-i 
sus,  in  groves.  Height  S  ft.  to  6  ft  Inlroducedf 
in  1596.  Flowers  white  or  red,  sinKte,  but| 
most  commonly  double ,  June  and  July 
Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September 

VBrietiet.  Above  100  varieties  are  assigned  to 
this  apeciea,  which  are  classed  m  three  dm 


*  R. 


c.  1  proDmcialU  Mill  ,  the  Provence, 
<t  Cabbage,  Rotet,  among  which  arc' 
he  royal  and  cabbigc  blush ,  the  car> 


334  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    DRITANNICUM. 

mine  ;  the  clusto:  i  the  Duchcase   d'Angou- 

Itme,  a   very  handsome   white   rose  ;   the 

Provence,  of  which  there  are  upwards  of 

twenty    BubTarieties  i     the    prolific ;     the 

striped  nosegay  ;  and  the  Versailles. 
•  R.C.2  auucdia  Mill.,  the  Moti  Hotel ;  amone 

which  are  the  common  single  ifig.  583.L 

the  common  double,  the  blush,  the  dark,  j 

the  striped,  the  white,  and  the  crested  moss 

(A,  c.  tn.  cristUa),  and  many  others. 
■  R.  f.  4  pomponia  Dec.,   the    Pompone  Rotet 

N.  DuHam. ;  R.pompoma  Redout£  Hos. 

p.  65.;  among  which  are  the  well-known  rose 

de  Meaux,  an  old  inhabitant  of  the  gardens;  "'■  "-t-oABu. 

the  mossy  de  Mcaux,  the   dwarf,    and   small  Provence;  the  ruse 

de  Bheims ;    and  the  common  and   proliferous  pompone.    These 

rosea  should  be  cut  down  every  year,  when  they  bare  done  flowering, 

that  they  may  send  up  new  shoots  every  spring  to  produce  flowers. 

If  this  be  not  done,  tne  principal  branches  will  dry  up,  and  become 

bore  like  those  of  the  bramble. 
This  spedes  is  distinguished  from  B.  damascena  by  the  sepals  not  being 
reflexed,  and  the  flowers  having  their  petals  curved  towards,  so  as.  In  the 
double  state,  to  give  the  flower  the  appearance  of  the  heart  of  a  cabbage, 
whence  the  name  of  the  cabbage  rose.  Its  fruit  is  either  oblong  or  roundish, 
but  never  elongated.  From  R.  gillica  it  is  distinguished  by  the  flowers  being 
drooping,  and  by  the  larger  size  of  the  prickles,  with  a  more  robust  habit. 


The  French  Rose. 


Spec.  Ciar.,  4^.  Fricidcs  unequal.  Stipules 
narrow,  divaricate  at  the  dp.  Leaflets  5 — 7, 
coriaceous,  rigid,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  de- 
flexed.  Flower  bud  ovBt^globase.  Sepals 
Eprcodioe  during  the  time  of  the  flowcnng. 
Fruit  subglobose,  very  coriaceous.  Calyx  i 
and  peduncle  more  or  less  hispid  with  glanded  j 
hairs,  somewhat  viscose.  A  species  allied  to  - 
S.  centifolia  L.,  but  with  round  fruit,  and 
very  coriaceous  leaflets,  with  more  numerous 
nerves,  that  are  a  little  prominent,  and  are 
anastomosing.  (Z)fc.  Prod.)  A  bushy  shrub. 
Middle  of  Europe  and  Caucasus,  in  hedges. 
Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  ?.  Flowers 
red,  crimson,  or  white,  single  or  double  ;  June 
and  July.    Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  August. 

farirtiei.     The  varieties  of  this  species  s 


principal  are.  the  cwmoisie,  royal  crimson,  black  damask,'  Faimy  Bi.is, 
Flanders  giant  glona  mundi,  grand  nionarquc.  the  Dutch,  the  blush,  the 
bishop  (J!g.  585.),  and  Singleton's,  all  old  favourites  in  our  gardens  ■  Malta, 
marbled,  several  subvaneties  j  mignonne.  nix  or  eight  sorts;  Morocco, 
negro,  mottled  black  Nmon  de  I'Encbs.  Wormandy  ;  officinal,  or  the  rose 
of  the  shops,  several  vaneties;  purple.  14  sorts ;  poppy ;  velvet,  scvcml 


XXVI.  Aosa'ces  :    RO'sA.  335 

kinds ;       mnunculua,      roro 

mundi,    RulUna ;    Tuscany ; 

the  B6tag.   parvifolia,  our 
^.  586.    The  village  moid,  a 

striped  rose,   introduced  by 

Mr.  Rogers  of  Southampton, 

probably     belongs     Co     tliia 

species.  Bendet  these,  there 

are    numerous    distinct    va- 

Hetiea,  which  will  be   found 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

The  petals  or  some  of  the  va- 
rieties of  this  rose  are  used  in 
medicine,  particularly  of  that  called  oiScinal ;  which, 
thoughnot  so  fragrant  as  those  of  the  Dutch  hundred- 
leaved  rose,  another  variety,  are  preferred  for  their 
beautifiil  colour  and  thdr  pleasant  astringency. 

DtrftHttUm.    Froin  wWaiu,  tUIooi  ;  In  lUiulou  to  Ihn  hilrinoii  of  Ihe  ipedu. 

Seel.  Char.  Surculi  erect.  Prickles  straightish.  Leaflets  ovate  or  ohiong, 
with  divergiug  serratures.  Sepals  connivent,  permanent.  Disk  thickened, 
closing  the  throat.  —  This  division  borders  equally  close  upon  those  of 
Canlns  and  Bubigindsm.  From  both  it  is  distinguished  bv  its  root-suckers 
being  erect  and  stout.  The  most  absolute  marks  of  dinerencc,  however, 
between  this  and  Caninic,  exist  in  the  prickles  of  the  present  section  being 
straight,  and  the  serratures  of  the  leaves  diverging.  Ir,  as  is  sometimes  the 
case,  the  prickles  of  this  tribe  are  falcate,  the  serratures  become  more  di- 
vet^ng.  The  permanent  sepals  are  another  character  by  which  this  tribe 
may  be  known  from  Caninx,     Rubiginosa  cannot  be  confounded  with  the 

t resent  section,  on  account  of  the  unequal  hooked  prickles,  and  glandular 
;nves,  of  the  species-  Roughness  of  fruit  and  permanence  of  sepals  arc 
common  to  both,  (Don'i  Mill.,  ii.  p.  576.)  Deciduous  shrubs,  mostly 
with  erectish  branches.     Katives  of  Middle  Europe,  or  Britain. 

A,  Nathft  of  Middle  Europe,  not  of  Britain. 
A  33.  S,  TURBiNA^A  Ail.     The  (urbinate-co/^ed,  or  Franlijort,  Rose. 
IdnUifialiim.    Alt,  Mart.  Kew.,  ed.l.  Tol.l.  p.Soe.;  Dec 
Symoi^lina.    R.  ompuiDllu  Skrh.  BtUr.  C  p.  9T. ;  A  IHn- 
mtonUni  HiumA  ifaBf*.  S.  p.H.:  A  (niKfurtfauliniuv- 

£>iilTanNf.    3»o\-  SdifiDbr.,  4.  t.  \\i. ;  Liwr.  Rn.,  I.  G9.  i 
■wl  ouj  A-  WI. 

Spec,  (^ar.,  ^c.  Stem  nearly  without  prickles. 
Branches  smooth.  Leaflets  5 — 7,  ovate-cor- 
date, laige,  wrinkled  in  a  bullete  manner, 
serrate,  approximate,  a  little  villous  beneath. 
Stipules  large,  clasping  the  stem  or  branch. 
Flowers  disposed  subcorynibosely,  laree,  vio- 
laceous red.  Peduncles  wrinkled  and  nispid. 
Calyx  turtnnaCe,  smoothish.  Sepals  undi- 
vided, subspathulate.  (^Dcc.  iVod.)  An  erect-  .„.  annuitu. 
isli  shrub.  Germany,  Height  4  ft.  to  6  (t. 
Introduced  in  1680.     Flowers  large,  red,  and  loose  i  June  and  July. 

I'firietiei.  R.  t.  1  francofurtana  Ser.,  and  R.  t.  2  ortfuina  Ser.,  are  tbecom. 
monest  fornu  of  this  species. 


ARBORETUM   ET    FBUTICETUM  BRITANNtCUU. 


ft  34.  R.  . 

lileiviflcaliM.    Lin.  E^i.,  T06.| 
p.'lV.]  I>Dii't'MU].,'J.p.  I 


The  ronMUMt  white  Rose. 


of  Uw  Ipeclei ;    ud  Jig.  MS.  Df  Uw 

^Kc.  C/iar.,4c.    Leaf-S 

lets  oblong,    glau- 
cous, rather  naked  , 

above,    aimpl;   ser-  - 

rated.  Prickles  ' 

atraightish    or    faU 

cate,      slender     or 

■trong,         without 

bristles.   Sepalspiii- 

nate,  reflexed.  Fruit 

unarmed.       (Don'l 

MU.)        A     large 
m.  nuu.  ahriib.      Piedmont,  *"■  """* 

Denmark, France,  and  Saxony.  Height  4tl.  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1597, 
Flowers  lai^  either  white,  or  of  the  most  delicate  blush  colour,  with  a 
gratetiil  fragrance  t  June  and  July.  Fruit  oblong,  scarlet,  or  blood>coloured  t 
ripe  in  September. 
Varietiei.  The  garden  varieties  are  very  numerous  ;  and  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  are  the  double,  aemidouble,  and  single  blush  ;  the  celestial,  a  well- 
known  favourite  ;  the  great,  small,  and  cluster  maiden's  blush  ;  the  double 
thomlegs ;  and  the  double,  semidouble,  and  single  white.  The  rose  blanche 
i  cceuTvert,  the  bouquet  blanc,  and  the  blanche  de  la  Bel^que.  are  well- 
known  and  beautiiiil  varieties  of  this  species. 

B.  Naiia;!  of  Europe  and  Briiaia. 
k  Im.     The  villous-tlnitinj  Rose. 
Lin.  Sp.,  IM.  I  Don'l  Mill.,  a.  p.  H6. 
.  [ii«lU  Smilk  In  Eits.  Bat.  I.  MAS.  j  R.  lomanUlH  fi  UtilX. 

^igTiaimgt.    Eag.  !)«.,  I.  Mte.  i  •ndour^.  MO. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaflets  rounded,  bluntish,  downy  all  over. 
Fruit  globose,  rather  depressed,  partly  bristly.  Sepals 
■lightly  compound.  Branches  without  bristles.  (JJor'i 
laiU.)  A  rambling  shrub.  Europe,  in  hedges  ;  in  Britain, 
in  bushy  rather  mountainous  situations  in  Wales,  Scot- 
land, and  the  North  of  Endand.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  red  or  pink  ;  July.     Fruit  purple  ;  ripe  Sept. 

Farietiei.     R.  giicilis   Woodt,  R.  Sherirdi  Davies,  R.   syl- 
v^stris  Lmd}.,  ore  described  in  our  first  edition. 
AvAry  variable  plant.   (See  No.  29.  p.  332.) 

•  3C.  R.  TOHBNTO'sA    Sniith.     The  tomentosc.  or 
uHiotly-leaved,  Rose. 
Itb  Fl.  Drit.,  n9.i  Bng.  Bot,  SM-i  Don't  Mill., 


B  35.  R.t 


■si 


t      mil  our^.MI. 
Spec.  Char.,  ffc.     LcnAets  ovat^  acute,  more  or  lew 
downy.    Fruit  elliptical,  hispid.    Sepals  {nimate. 


XXVI,  sosAVEX :  ao  ha.  337 

Prickles  slightly  curved.  Petals  white  at  the  base.  A  rambling  shrub.  (i)on'i 
Miil.)  Europe,  in  hedges  and  thickets ;  plentiTut  in  Britain,  Height  6  (i. 
Flowers  pink  ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  scarlet;  ripe  in  September. 

4  vii.    Rubiyiubsa  Lindl, 

Dttitatiom.    Fmoi  mbiglmoimi,  nut) ;  tht  Ihtm  of  the  ipftcLai  'btSng  luiullj  rumUbed  wttb  tutt- 

coloured  cUndi  beoflBtk 
Sect.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  unequal,  sometunes  bristle^ormed,  rarely  wanting. 
Leaflets  ovate  or  oblong,  glandular,  wiih  diverging  serraturea.  Sepals  per- 
manent. Disk  thickened.  Root-shoots  arched.  The  numerous  glands  ou 
the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves  will  be  sufficient  to  prevent  anything  else 
being  referred  to  this  section  ;  and  although  R,  tomentAsa  has  Bometimes 
gjandular  leaves,  the  inecjuality  of  the  pnckles  of  the  species  of  Rubi(^- 
noas,  and  their  red  fruit,  will  dearly  distinguish  them.  (Doh'i  Mill.,  ii. 
p.  577.)  —  This  division  includes  all  the  eglantine,  or  sweet-briar  rosea,  which 
'  sre  for  the  most  part  erect  or  erectish  bushes  with  dedduoua  leaves.  Na* 
fives  of  Britain,  oCddle  Europe,  and  Caucasus. 

A.  Spedei  Naiivet  of  Brilain. 
*  37.  R.  lUBioiNO^A  Lin.    The  rustyJfowrf  Rose,  Savet  Briar,  or  Eglantine. 

R,  Bilam^ia  Hill,  Diet.  No.  4., 
DtalglneH  guTYlUri  Bam.  Emtim. 

Smgrtttmgi.    El«  Bot.LMl.i  L»rr.  Roi..  t.  tl.Sl.  BS.  71.  uldT4.i  vtAaarfit-mt 

Spec.  Char.,  ij-c.  Prickles  hooked,  compressed,  with 
Soulier  Btraighter  ones  interspersed.  Leaflets 
eUintical,  doubly  serrated,  hairy,  clothed  beneath 
with  rust-coloured  glands.  Sepals  pinnate,  and 
bristly,  as  well  as  the  peduncles.  Fruit  obovate, 
bristly  towards  the  base.  {I)on'i  Miii.)  A  ram- 
bUng  shrub.  Europe,  and  Caucasus  ;  in  BHtmn, 
in  bushy  places,  on  a  dry  ^velly  or  chalky  soil. 
Hd^t  4  R.  to  6  fl.  Flowers  pink ;  June  and  July, 
Fruit  scarlet,  obovate  or  elliptic ;  ripe  in  September. 
Leaves  sweet-scented  when  bruised. 
Varietici,  Eleven  are  described  in  our  first  edition. 
Some  of  the  best  for  a  rosarium  are,  the  blush,  "*  ■.n.u.u.ta. 

cluster,  double,  dwarf,  semidouble,  mossy,  scarlet,  tree  double,  and  whiie 
semidouble. 

*  38.  R.  micba'ntha  Sm.     The  small-flowered  Rose,  or  Sweet  Briar. 

HestfdladtHt.     SmlOi  In  Bug.  But.,  t  VSO.  ;  Don't  Mtll,.  1.  p.  Ors. 
Sfmmtme,    S.  mblglDiiu  fi  mlcMntlu  Ltmll.  Rot.  f.  ST.,  vltb  otroiw 

Xivmiwf-    BiV-  Bo**.  ^  ^W.  1  ud  tmrflgi.  KO,  KM 

Spee.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  hooked,  scattered,  nearly  ul.. 
form.  Leaflets  ovate,  doubly  serrated,  hairy,  glandular  I 
beneath.  Sepals  pinnate.  Fruit  elliptic,  rutlier  f 
bristly,  contracted  at  the  simumt.  Stems  straggling. 
(^Don'i  Mill.)  A  bush  with  arched  shoots,  and  strug- 
gling branches.  Brilain,  in  hedges  and  thickets,  chieTy 
m  the  South  of  England.  Height  a  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers 
small,  pale  red  ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  coral  red,  ovate ;  ripe  in 

•  39.  R.  SE'pivtf  ThnU.     The  Hedge  Rose,  or  Briar 

IdaMlcallet.  ThulL  Fl  fMi-ir-a.-.  Borr.  In  ttnjr.  Bnt,  Suppl..  t.  KilS.i  Don'i  Mill. 
lr*oiynia.  X,  helitclu  ud  K.  n;RlttlllM  Haa  ;  a.  tKA-ai  0  Dec.  FT.  fV.  td.  1 
■grkiUi  SaM  Fl.  Fit.  I.  p. 474.  i  A.  UHrrtI*,  B.  nmcrnclipi,  iDd  B.  itlpuUfU  U. 

Bmp-atlafi,    Bii(,  Bot  Suppl.,  I.  M53.  i  nioor  Jig.  mi. 


33d 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


ASM.    JLtApiom. 


Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Prickles  slender.  Branches  iiexuous.  Leaf- 
lets shining,  acute  at  both  ends.  Flowers  usually  solitary. 
Fruit  polished.  Sepals  pinnate,  with  very  narrow  segments. 
(DofCi  Aim,)  A  densely  branched  bush.  Europe,  in  hedges ; 
in  England,  near  Bridport,  Warwickshire.  Height  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  Flowers  small,  pale  yellowish  pink  ;  June  and  July. 
Fruit  small,  oblong- ovate,  scarlet ;  npe  in  September. 

m  40.  R,  iNODO^RA.    The  scentless  Rose. 

a 

Idem^flcaiion.    Eng.  Bot  Suppl.,  261  a  ;  Hood  ed.  S.  S38. 

aynomymes.     R.  dumettH-um  Eng.  Bot.  1579.  t  R.  B6rr«ri'  Smith  Eng.  Fl. 

289&,  Don'g  Mill.  S.  p.  fisa  ;  R.  rablgfnbia  rar.  inoddra  Lindl.  Roi.  Monog. 

101. 
SngrawiHgi.    Eng.  Bot.  SS79. ;  and  oar>^.  096. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Prickles  hooked.    Leaflets  ovate ;  doubly  serrated,  without 

f  lands.  Sepals  pinnate,  often  doubly  pinnate,  deciduous. 
Hower  stalks  aggregate,  hairy.  Fruit  elliptical,  smooth. 
(Don*t  Mill,)  A  stout  bush.  Britain.  Not  very  un- 
frequent  in  hedges  and  thickets.  Height  6  ft.  to  7  ft. 
Flowers  pink ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  elliptic,  or  nearly 
globose,  scarlet. 

The  foliage  has,  notwithstanding  the  specific  name,  a 
scent  more  or  less  fiiint,  according  to  the  number  of  glands         ^^'  '*-  t"°<u»- 
developed  in  diflerent  individuals;    but  it  resembles  rather  the  turpentine 
odour  of  the  plants  of  the  preceding  section  than  the  fragrance  of  the  sweet 
briar. 

B.  Species  Natives  of  Middle  Europe, 
^41.  R,  lu'tba  Dodon,    The  yellow  Eglantine  Rose. 

Idenifflcathn,    Dodon.  Fempt.,  W. ;  Mill.  Diet,  No.  11. ;  Don'i  Mm., 

%  p.  ft77. 
Synonyme*.     R.  SgkuUiria  Lin.  Sp.  703.,  Red.  Rot.  1.  p.  69. ; 

fa*tida  Herm.  Diu.  18.  i  R.  cfalorophylU  Ekrk.  Bettr.  2.  p.  69. 

c^ea  Rouig.  Ro$.  t.  S. 
Et^rravH^    Lawr.  Bos.,  t.  13. ;  Bot  Mag.,  t. 869. ;  Red.  Rot.,  l.p.69.; 

RoMtg.  Roe.,  t.  S. ;  and  oar^.  997. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Prickles  straight.  Leaflets  deep  green. 
Sepals  nearly  entire,  setigerous.  Petals  flat,  concave. 
Flowers  deep  yellow,  large,  cup-shaped,  solitary.  Fruit 
unknown.  A  branchy  shrub.  Germany  and  the  South 
of  France.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1596. 
Flowers  deep  yefiow  ;  June. 

Varieties, 

^  R.  /.  2  iubrubra  Red.  Ros.  iii.  p.  73.,  with  a  fig.  —  Peduncles  rather 

hispid  and  glandular.     Leaves  and  petioles  glabrous.     Stem  prickly 

at  the  base.     Prickles  unequal,  scattered.     Petals  of  a  lurid  red 

above,  and  yellowish  beneath.     Stigmas 

yellow.  (Don's  MilL) 
^  R.  /.  3  puvicea  Lindl.  Ros.  p.  84. ;  R,  pu- 

nfcea  MUl,  Diet,    No.  12.,    Rostig,  Kos, 

t,  5. ;  Rm  cinnamomea  Roth  Fl,  Germ,  i. 

p.  217.;    R,  IhtetL  bicolor  Jacq,  Find,  i. 

t.  1.,  Lawr,  Ros,  t,  6.,  Sot,  Mag,  1. 1077. ; 

R,  Egkmieria  punf  cea  Red,  Ros,   i.  p.  7 1 . 

t.  24. ;  R,  Eglantiria  bf  color  Dec,  Fl,  Fr, 

iv.   p.  437.;   and  our  fig,  598.;  has  the 

petals  scarlet  above,  and  yellow  beneath. 
m'R,  I.  ^Jlore  pleno,    Williams's  double  yellow  Sweet  Briar. ^^  A  very 

beautiful  variety,  and  a  free  flowerer,  raised  from  seeds  by  Mr.  Wil- 
liams of  Pitmaston.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
M  R,L5,  H6gffA  D,  Don  in  Swt.  BrU.  Fl,  Gard.  t.  410.    Hogg's  yellow 


597.    K.  KM 


598.    JLUFunii 


XXVI.    AOSA  CEM  I    ROSA,  330 

AnwricsD  Jtote, — Pret^,  and  a  free  flowerer.     Railed  b;  Mr.  Hoftgi 

nurseiyioBD,  in  New  York,  from  teedR  of  tlie  nngle  yellow  rose. 

Horticultural  SfKiety'B  Garden. 

Oilier  Speciet  beUmffng  to  tkii  SectioH, — S.  iMrica  Smiih,  native  of  Eastern 

Iberia  ;   R.  glutinosa  SmM,    atwe  of  Oreece  ;   R.  Klikkti  Bess.,  native  of 

Tauria )  R.  suaveolens  Purth,  native  of  North  America ;  and  R.  MontezitDbs 

Humb.,  nadve  of  Meidco,  arc  described  in  our  first  edition. 

$  vlii.  Camna  Lindl. 

Tbe»i»taiH>UgdwUili»cSn,lMaiiHiU  Itas  ipsda canulHil  la  it irH  U  clivKtu  with 

Sect.  Char.,  ^c.  Pridtlea  equal,  hooked.  Le^eti  ovate,  glandlcM  or  glan- 
dular, with  the  Bcrraturcs  conniving.  Sepali  deciduoui.  Diik  thickened, 
cloMng  tlie  throat.  Lareer  micken  arcbed.  (Don'j  M.UI.)  Deciduous,  but 
■ome  Mib-eTet|Teen. — Chiefly  buflhea,  but  porUy  sarmentoie  and  procumbent. 
Natives  of  finiain.  Middle  Europe,  and  Asia. 

A.  Spedet  NatitKi  of  Briiain. 
•   48,   R,  OANi'N*  Im.  The  common  Dog  Rose. 

Uml»fUm.    Ud.  Sa.TOL;  Doo'lHUl^S.  p.HS. 

toiwMHia.    R.  duoMli  Bedul.  ftn».  Ul.  ud  m.  »  San. ;  S.  uids- 

|iT&ii>  Bat.  PI.  Mm<k.  a  Lttr.  l».,  AoL  Am.  9.  a.  S.  t.  *.  I  jt  ilula 

lud.  Id  Den.  Jnrx. ;   R.  anintU  Sctnmt  I*.  Kim. ;  B.  gnmiKmi 

ed."'.  p"«.j  S.  •amcHu,  Adur.  AaU.  Hamll.  M.  p.  91. 1  J. 
£iwnn*Wi.    Bug.  But.,  1. 981.  t  Uwr.  Ben.,  t.  II.  &  j  ind  our  A-  W^ 
^^^  Spec.  Char^  ^.      Prickles   strong,   hooked.  4 

^^F  Leaflets  nmplj   serrated,  pointed,    quite 

^^^  smooth.     Sepal*  pinnate.     Fruit  ovate, 

I^^Hk^     smooth, or  rather  bristly,  like  thca^regate 
^j^HBjH     flower   staJks.  (^Don^i  Mill.)    A  ramb^ng 
^H^H     shrub.  Eurone  generally,  and  the  North 
^^^W     of  AJHca;  plenliful  in  Britain,  in  hedges, 
^  woods, and  thickets.     Height  eft,  to  10 A. 

^F^^^M      Flowers  rather  large,  pale  red,  seldom  white  ;  June  and  July. 
H^^HH     Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

g.;  •  R.  c.  2aciphuUa  Lindl.  Rob.  p.  89.; 

^■■^  R.  aciphyflB  Rau.  69.  with  a  fig., 

J^JH  Ant.  Aof.  iip.3l.t.  13.  i  and  our 

^^^^^  M'-  ^*^-  ^1;  i"  a  very  remarkable 

^^^^^^2  variety,  from  the  straightneBs  of  its 

shoots,  and  its  singular  habit  of  growth.     The 
leaves  are  smooth  on  both  Borfaces,  and  the 
flowers  are  amaller  than  those  of  the  spedes. 
Other   Varietiet,      Seventeen   are  described    in  our 
firstedition.  *"■  ■-•^■'^Wi*. 

Fruit  ovate,  bright  scarlet,  of  a  peculiar  and  very  grateful  flavour,  especially  i  f 
made  into  a  conserve  with  sugar.  The  pulp  of  the 
fruit  besides  saccharine  matter,  contains  citric  acid, 
which  eives  it  an  acid  taste.  The  pulp,  before  it  is 
used,  should  be  carefully  cleared  from  the  nuts  or 
seeds.     Numerous  varieties. 

A  43.  R.  Fo'rstbbj  Sm.     Forster's  Dog  Rose. 
MnltlaiHDs.    Sndth  BiiE.  Fl.,  1.  p.  Ml.  i  BoT.  In  Eng,  But. 

Suppl..  KU.i  Dan'>HUl.,t.B.HO. 
StBKmgmr.    S.  mlUuS   nirWoottta  LM.  Tnm.  II.  p.  Ml. 
St^atimf.    Bng.  Bat   Sappf.,  L  MIL  ;  ud  oawjlg.  BOl, 

Spec,  (^ar.f^e.  Prickles  scattered,  conical,  hooked, 


340 


ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


IdentiflcaUtm.    Swarti  MSS.  | 
MUl,  3.  p.  8flO. 


Leaflets  simply  serrated,  smooth  above,  but  hairy  on  the  ribe  beneath. 
Sepals  doubly  pinnate.  Fruit  elliptical,  smooth,  like  the  aggregate  flower 
stalks.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  larjro  shrub.  Native  of  Europe,  in  hed^ ;  plenti* 
ful  in  England.  Height  6  n.  to  8  ft.  Flowers  pale  red  ;  June  ancT  July. 
Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

m  44.  /?.  DUMETo'RUM  ThvUl.    The  Thicket  Dog  Rose. 

Identifleation.    Thull.  Fl.  Par^  260. ;  Bor.  in  Eng.  Bot  Suppl.,  t.  9610.;  Don's 

Mill.,  2.  p.  6S0. 
Sjfnonifmei,    R.  leucintha  /3  acutlfblU  BasL  In  Dee.  Fl.  Fr.  6.  p.  £35.  ;  R.  s^ 

?ium  Borkh.  ex  Rau.  Enum,  79. ;  R.  aolititUtlis  Beu.  Prtm.  FL  GalL  324. ; 
r.  oorynbifera  Gmrt.  FL  Bad.  Alt.  2.  p.  427. 
Engravtngt.    Eng.  Bot.  Suppl-,  t.  2610. :  and  oar>^.  608. 

Spec,  Char,^  S^c,  Prickles  numerous,  scattered,  hooked. 
Leaflets  simply  serrated,  hairy  on  both  surfaces.  Sepals 
pinnate,  deciduous.  P^uncles  aggregate,  slightly  hairy 
Fruit  elliptical,  smooth,  as  long  as  we  bracteas.  {DonCt 
Mill,)  A  large  shrub.  Europe,  in  hedges ;  and  found  in 
England,  in  the  southern  counties,  but  seldom  in  any  *"'  *••*"»**"•"• 
abundance.  Height  4  fl.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  reddish ;  June  and  July.  Fruit 
scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  45.  R,  SARMENTA^CEA  Sujortz.    The  sarmentaceous  Dog  Rose. 

Woods  In  Lin.  Tram.,  12.  p.  21S. }   Don't 

n.    R.  glauooph^lU  IVHtek  Oeogr.   Ditira.  46. ;   B,  canina  Both 
FL  Germ.  2.  p.  560. 
Engraobtgt.    Curt.  Lond.,  bac.  6.  t.  M. ;  and  our  Jig.  604. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Prickles  hooked.  Leaflets  ovate,  doubly 
serrated,  smooth,  glandular.  Peduncles  aggregate,  smoo^ 
or  minutely  bristly.  Sepals  pinnate,  deciduous.  Fruit 
broadly  elliptic,  naked.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  rambling  shrub. 
Europe,  common  in  hedges  and  bushy  places ;  plentiful  in 
Britain.  Height  8  f);.  to  10  fi.  Flowers  pink,  and  fra- 
grant ;  June  and  July.    Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  fruit  is  as  grateful  to  the  palate,  probably,  as  that  of 
R,  canina,  with  which  this  equally  common  plant  is  generally 
confounded.  This  is  the  species  most  commonly  made  choice    go4.  a. 
of  as  a  stock  for  garden  roses. 

A  46.  R,  CJB^siA  Sm,    The  grey  Dog  Rose. 

Jient(fieaikm.    Smith  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2367. ;  Don*i  MUL,  2.  pi  560. 

Synomimet.    R.  canina  pubfiscans  4/^  J^*  ^"m^  Teni,  I.  p.  2. ;   B.  canina  C  cc*fia  LindL  Bos 

Bmgravimgt.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  2367. }  and  our  Jig,  605. 

S^ec.  Char,,  ^c.  Prickles  hooked,  uniform.  Leaflets 
elliptical,  somewhat  doubly  serrated,  glaucousi  hairy  b^ 
neath,  without  glands.  Sepals  distantly  pinnate,  de- 
ciduous. Flower  stalks  smooth,  solitary.  Fruit  elliptical, 
smooth.  (Don't  Mill,)  A  rambling  shrub.  Scotland, 
in  the  Highland  valleys,  but  rare ;  at  Taymilt,  in  Mid- 
Lorn,  Argyleshire ;  and  in  Strath  Tay,  between  Dun- 
keld  and  Aberfeldie,  and  by  the  side  of  Loch  Tay.  Height 
4ih,  to  5h,  Flowers  generally  of  a  uniform  carnation  hue,  but  occasionally 
white ;  July.    Fruit  scarlet ;  npe  in  September. 

B.  Spedet  Natwet  of  Middle  Europe, 
A  47.  R.  RDBBiFo'LiA  Vill,    The  red-leaved  Dog  Rose. 

IdentifieaUom.    ViU.  Dauph^  3.  p.  649. j  Don'i  Mill.,  2.  p.  681. 
Synonjfme*.    A.  niultlfldra  iuyn.  AcL  Lam.  1.  p.  70.  t  &  ;   it 


606. 


tHia. 


8.  p.  876. ;  B.  Idrida  Andr.  Sos.  i  B.  dnnamdmea  y  rabiifbUa  Bed,  Bot.  1.  p.  184. 
ngra^fngt.    B«U.  in  Act.  Taur..  1790,  p.  229.  t  9. ;  Jaoq.  Fragm.,  70.  t  106. ;  R«d. 
t.  4. ;  I  Jndl.  in  Bot.  Rag.,  t.  430. ;  and  our /jg.  606. 


rublc<toda  HdU.  jfiL  in  Boem,  Jrek. 

Rot.,  1.  p.  85. 


XXVI.  rosa^ceje:  Ro'sa.  341 

^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  amall,  iliatnnt.  Leaflets  ov&te,  and,  aa  well  as 
the  branches,  glabrous,  opaque,  discoloured.  8epa1s  narrow,  entire.  Fruit 
ovate,  globose,  amooth.  Flowers  corymbose.  Peduncles  amooih.  {Don'i 
JUiil.)  A  Itu^  shrub.  Dauphin^  Austria,  Savov,  Pyrenees,  and  Auvergne, 
in  wooda.  Height  5  ft  to  6  ft.  Flowers  red  ;  ^une  and  July.  Fruit  acnr- 
Ict ;  ripe  in  September, 
Steins  red.     Leaves  red  at  the  edees.    Flowers 

small.      Sepal«   narrow,  longer  than  the  petals.     A 

ahmb.   producing  a  pleasuje  eSect  in  a  shrubbery, 

from  the  pinknesa   oi   iti  foliiue.      At   the   funeral 

of  Villars,  who  fir|t  named  antf  described  this  rose, 

branches   and  llowera   of   it  were  cut   and   strewed 

over  his  grave.     There  are  several  varieties  described 

in  our  first  editioD. 

C.  ^peeUi  NaUvet  o/Atia. 
»  48.  R.  cadca'sb*  Pall.     The  Caucasian  Dog  Rote. 


nicinthi  BM.  K.  r«r.  Sitppl.  til .  ? 
Dd.R»,t.ll.,«.dourA.&rr. 

Spec.  Clutr.,  i(c.  Prickles  strong,  recurved.  Leaflets  soft,  ovate,  glaucous. 
Calyx  and  peduncles  hispid.  Sepals  simple.  Friiit  smooth.  Flowers  large, 
growing  in  bunches,  (hon'i  Mill.)  A  robust  shrub.  Siberia.  Height 
10ft.  to  12ft.     Introduced  in   1798.     Flowers  white  or  pale  red;  June 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  uprisht,  whitish,  or  green,  or  purple.  Pricklea 
•tout,  lidcale,  distant.  Leaflets  3 — 5;  ovate-acuminate,  coriaceous,  shining;, 
gUbrouB,  serrulate  ;  the  sur&ces  of  different  colours.  Stipules  very  nar- 
row, connate  with  the  petiole,  almost  entire  or  serrate.  Flowers  solitary,  or 
in  panicles.  Stamens  bent  inwards.  Peduncle  sub-articulate,  mostly  thickened 
upwards,  and  with  the  calyi  smooth,  or  wrinkled  and  hristlj,  (/)ec.  Frod.) 
Sub.«vergrecn.    China,  near  Canton.    Height  4ft.  to  SOft.  Introd.  in  1789. 


342  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETU.M  BRITANNICUM. 

Flowers  red,  uauallf  lanidouble ;   April  to  Noveinber.     fruit  red  {   ripe 
in  September. 

One  of  the  moBt  valuable  of  gardea  roses. 
VaricHei.     There  are  nuineroiia  Tarietiea  and  hybrtdi  of  thii  beautiful  rose. 
Tbe  (bllowinz  are  quite  diatinct  i  and  may  eacli  be  considered  the  type  of 
a  long  Hat  oTsubTtirieliea:  — 

•  K.  i.  8  Kouet^kaaSer.xnDec.  Prod.a.  p.  600., Doift  MUl.  ii.  p.  581.; 

fig.  609.  above.  —  Stem  firm,  and,  as  well  as  the  branches,  prickly. 
Stipules  nearly  entire.      Flowers   panicled,  very  numerous,  semi- 
double,  pale  red.  Styles  eiserted.  Raised  in  Nortn  America,  from  an 
accidental  cross  between  R.  indica  and  R.  moschita,  and  the  plants 
being  sold  to  Philip  Ndsette,  hia  name  was  given  to  this  variety. 
It  was  first  brought  to  England  by  Mr.  Fraser.     This  well-known 
and  very  beautifurrose  is  almost  invaluable  in  a  shrubbery,  from  its 
free  and  vigorous  growth,  and  the  profusion  of  its  flowers,  which  are 
continually  being  produced  during  the  whole  summer.     Numerous 
Bubvarieties  have  been  iwsed  of  the   Noisette   rose,  some  of  the 
most  distinct  of  which  are,  the  R.  i.  A',  ^wpuria  of  Redout^  which 
has  red  flowers  ;  R.  i.  AT.  nloea,  the  Aim£  Vilert  of  the   French 
nurseries,  which  has  double  white  flowers  -,  R.  i. 
N.  Smiths,  Smith's  yellow   Noisette  rose,  the 
flowers  of  which  are  very  double,  of  a  deeper 
yellow  than  the  double  ydlow  China  rose  (R.  i. 
ochroleuca),  and  disposed  in  clustered  corymbs 
of  from  10  to  82,  and  are  highly  fragrant.  , 

•  R.  1.  3  odonUiuima  Lindl.  Roa.   p.  106.,  Bot.  Rc^.  I 

t.  864^,  Don's  Mill.  ii.  p.  588. ;  if.  odoratfsaima  < 

SwL  Horl.  Sub.  Load.  ;  R.  fndica  frikgrans  Red.  , 

Rot.    i.   p.  6.  t.  19.  ;   and   our  fig.  610.  ;    the 

sweetest,  or  tea-scented,  China  Rose  ;   Rose  i 

Odeur  de  Tb£,  Fr. ;   has    scmidouble  flowers, 

of  a  most  delidous  fragrance,  strongly  resembling 

the  scent  of  the  finest  green  tea.    There  are      tia.  «.  l  «inaui>.>. 

numerous  subvarietiea. 

•  R.  ■'.  4  lotmfoHa  Lindl.  Ros.  p.  106.  ;    R.  \oa^i- 

f&lia  WUU.  Enum.a.  1079.,  Red  Rot.  iLt.ST.; 
A.  semiierfldrensvar.7.  y.DuHam.  vii.  p.  22.: 
R.  iahd{6\a  Horl, ;  and  our^.61I.;  has  the 
stems  nearly  unarmed,  and  long  lanceolate  leaf- 
lets. 

•  R.  i.  5  pmmla  Lindl.  Roa.  p.  106.   is  a  dwaif 

variety,  with  purplish  flowers,  having  ovate 
petal*. 

■  R.  i.  6   catyophullea  Red.  Ros.  in.  p.£9.  haa  the 

flowers  in  a  kind  of  panicle,  and  the  leaflets 
large  and  thin. 

•  R.  i.  TjxmTwia  Red.  has  tbe  stems  and  branches 

prickly  t  the  leaflets  ovate,  and  red  beneath,  with 
the  stipules  so  finely  denticulated  as  to  give 
them  somewhat  of  a  fringed  or  pannose  appear^ 
ance.  Flowers  drooping  a  little,  purple  on  the 
outside,  and  with  the  inner  petals  ro«e-coloured. 

■  R.  1.  8  cminta  Red.,  and  Don's  MUl.  H.  p.  588.i 

differing  from   the  above  principally  in  having 
gii.  a.i.iaiimu.  theslema  and  branches  almost unarmed,and  the 

stipules  almost  entire. 

•  R.i.  9F™«m4na  Hort.  Brit.p.iW.,  and  Oon'.  MW.  ii.  p.588.  — A 

hybrid,  with  double  pink  flowers. 


XXVI.    SOSACEX,:    AO'SA.  343 

■  R.  t.  10  riga  Lindl.  BoL   Reg.    t.  1389., 

and  ourj&.6IS.,hai double,  blush  chang- 
ing to  white,  aweet-acenled  fioirera.  It 
IS  a  hybrid  between  if.  i.  odoratiasiina 
and  K.  orv^nsis,  brought  rroni  Italy, 
where  it  woi  raified  by  Hr.  Clare.  It 
grows  fnxiy,  making  aboots  10  or  12 
feet  bng  in  a  leason. 
•  R.  t.    11  ocAroleuca   Bot.  R^.   has   large  I 

cream<coloured  flowers,  deepening  almost 
into  jellow  in  the  centre.  It  was  intro- 
duced by  Mr.Parks  in  1884,  and  appears 
to  have  been  since  lost. 

■  R.  i.   ia>iMjcCTn.  — This,   Mr.  Gordon  '->■•*-■ 

assures  us,  is  the  true  tea-acented  yellow  Chins  Rose,  and  not  the 

Sireceding  variety,  which  is  generally  considered  as  such,  and  con- 
bunded  with  it. 

■  R.  i.   13  SbOra  D.  Don  in  Swl.  Brit. 

K.  Gard.  t  40A.,  and  our  fig.  6  J  3. 
—Raised  in  IB30,  bv  Mr.  Blair,  from 
seeds  of  the  yellow  China  rose,  which 
had  been  fecundated  by  the  pollen  of 
the  Tuscan  rose.  A  robust  plant, 
remarkable  for  the  size  of  its  leases 
and  flowers.  Petals  purple,  but  vellow 
at  the  base,  especially  towards  the 
centre  of  the  flower.  Fragrant,  and  a 
free  flowerer. 

9  Curt.    The  everflowering  CAiiia  Rose. 

twnnlinili  piii.  Bmcll.  3.V  H.''i  j^ India  RuL 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bnuiclies  dark  green,  armed  with 
scattered,  compressed,  hooked  prickles,  and  a 
Tery  few  glands.  An  erectish  siib-evergreen 
shrub.  Lraflets  3— 5,  ovatc-lonceolate,  crenate* 
serrated,  shining  above,  but  glaucous  and  slightly 
setigerous  beneath.  Sepals  compound,  narrow. 
Fruit  spherical.  {BoiCi  Mill.)  China.  Hd^t 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1789.  Flowers 
solitary,  single,  or  gemidouble,  deep  crimson; 
April  to  November.  Fruit  red  ;  ripe  September. 
There  are  some  verv  splendid  Tarieties  of  this 

species,  with   semidouble  crimson  flowers.      They 

are  all  free  growers,  and  abundant  flowerers;  and 

lew  plants  are  more  ornamental 

against  the  walls  of  a  cottage. 

'•\ 

i.llD.  i  Don'!  HIU,  - 

.       -         It.  t  ITCT.i   «.  Indl 

p.  U.  1  A.  BhUm  l^ntmkMiH  Rid,  Hi 


Sfmmipitft.  S.  HiDHrAbmu 
T*r.  •  ucubiIiiSm  Anf.  Au.  1 
BngrawHifl.    flgd.  Rot.,  1.  p.  SS.  i  udout  A.  SIB. 

^ec.  Char.,  S^c.  Dwarf,  Prickles  large,  stout,  nearly 
Btmight.  Leaflets  ovate  acute,  finely  serrated.  Petals 
acumioated.  (Don't  Mill.')   A  low  shrub,   China.   Height- d 


344 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1  ft.     Introduced    in    1810.     Flowers  small,  single  or  semidouble,  pale 
blush  ;  April  to  November. 

The  beautiful  little  plants  called  Fairy  Roses,  or  Miniature  Roses,  in  Rivers*s 
Abridged  Litt^  are  nearly  all  varieties  of  R.  Lawrenceana ;  and  they  are  well 
worthy  of  culture,  from  their  extreme  dwarfness  (often  flowering  when  not  more 
than  6  in.  high),  and  the  beautiful  colour  of  their 
miniature  rosebuds,  the  petals  of  which  appear  of  a 
much  darker  hue  than  those  of  the  expanded 
flower.  Rivers  enumerates  five  select,  varieties,  of 
which  he  says  the  Gloire  des  Lawrencianas  is  one  of 
the  prettiest. 

S  52,  jR.  sBRi^CKA  Lmdl,    The  silky  Rose. 

IdeniifieaUou.     Llndl.  Rof.  Monog.,  p.  106. ;   Don's  Mill.,  S. 

|xWl. 
Engropinga,    Undl.  Roi.  Monog.,  1 12. ;  and  our  Jig.  616. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Prickles  stipular,  compressed. 
Leaflets? — 11,  oblong,  obtuse,  serrated  at  the 
apex,  silky  beneath.  Flowers  solitary,  bractless. 
Sepals  entire,  ending  in  long  points.  (^DorCt  MiU,) 
A  shrub.  Qossainthan.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  ?  pale  red.    Fruit  in  peduncles,  naked. 

$  ix.  Systyhe  Lindl. 

DeHvoUom,    From  «im,  together,  and  ttuloi^  a  aCfle ;  In  reference  to  the  ftylet  being  connected. 

Sect.  Char.  Styles  cohering  together  into  an  elongated  column.  Stipules 
adnate.  The  habit  of  this  section  is  nearly  the  same  as  that  of  the  last 
division.  The  leaves  are  frequently  permanent.  (DorCi  Mill,)  Deciduous, 
evergreen,  or  sub-evergreen,  and  mostly  climbing.  Natives  of  Britain, 
Middle  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  North  America. 

A.  Species  yoHves  (f  Britain,  and  other  Parts  of  Europe^ 
1  j(  53.  R.  SY^STYLA  Bat.    The  connate-styled  Rose. 

Identifieaikm.    Bat  Fl.  Main,  et  Lotr.  Suppl.,  31. 
Sgnomfmeg,     A.  colllna  Smith  in  Eng.   B<4.  t.  1885. ;   R. 

a.  brevlttyla  Dee.  PI.  Pr.  SwopL  p.  B37. ;  R.  bibracteiU 

c  ;  R.  i^tyla  m  ovAta  Lmdl  Rot.  a  111. 
Engravfngt.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1896. ;  and  our>^.  617. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Shoots  assurgent.  Prickles  strong, 
hooked.  Peduncles  glandular.  Sepals  pinnate, 
deciduous,  Styles  smooth.  Floral  receptacle 
conical.  (2)oft*#  Mill.)  A  rambling  shrub.  France 
and  England,  in  hedges  and  t|iickets  ;  common  in 
Sussex ;  in  the  South  of  Scotland,  on  hills.  Height 
6  ft.  to  12  ft.  Flowers  fragrant,  pink  or  almost 
white ;  May  to  July.    Fruit  scarlet,  ovate  oblong. 

There  are  several  varieties,  but  they  do  not  diflfer 
materially  in  appearance  from  the  species. 

J  jt  54.  A.  ARVE^Nsis  Hudi.    The  Field  Rose. 

Ident(fieaii<m.    Hudi.  Fl.  AnsL.  ed.  1.  p.  192. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.p.  S06. 

Synotmrnet.     R.  tylT^atrii  Hem.  Di$t.  p.  10. ;   R.  icindap«  MeemA  Weh».  PI.  p.  118. ;  Jl.  heip^ 

rhodon  Ehrh.Reftr.  p.  p.  69. ;  R.  WileH  Krok.  Siles.  %  p.  150. ;  it.  Msca  llonie*  Metk.  p.  688.; 

R.  serpens  Bkrk.  Arbor,  p.  8A. ;  Jl.  sempenrlrens  Ronig.  Rot.  \  R.  rdpens  GmeL  PI.  Bad.  AU.  9. 

p.  41 H.,  Jaeq.  Fragm.  p. ».  X.  104.  \  R.  rteipani  Re^.M^.  Lam.  1.  p.  69.  t  6. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Dot.,  t.  188. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  9054. ;  and  our  J^.  618. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoots  cord-like.  Prickles  unequal  and  falcate.  Leaves  de- 
ciduous, and  composed  of  5 — 7  glabrous,  or  indistinctly  ciliated,  leaflets,  glau* 
ccscent  beneath.    Stipules  divei^ng  at  the  tip.   Flowers  solitarv  or  dobose. 


Pon*8  mil .  9.  p.  589. 

R.  styldsa  Detv.  Joum.  BoL  9. 
i>«r.  1. 


p.  817. 


617.   «.«^ti|1a. 


XXVI.  sosa'cex:  ro^a.  345 

Sepals  almost  entire,  short.  Stales  cohering  into  an 
elongated  gUiTDus  column.  Fruit  oTate,oroTate-globoae, 
corisceoua,  crimson,  glabrous,  or  a  little  hispid,  as  well  aa 
the  peduncles.  (Dec.  Prod.)  Tnuling,  or  climbing,  decidu- 
ous ;  in  some  utuationa  sub-evergreen.  Europe,  in  manj 
places ;  in  England,  in  hedges  and  thickets  and  the 
borders  of  fields,  chiefly  in  the  midland  counties.  Stems 
20  ft.  to  40  Ft  Flowers  white ;  Jul;.  Fruit  darii  blood- 
coloured;  ripe  in  September. 

Varietiet.     Several  varieties  are  enumerated  in  catalogues  ; 
the  following  appear  distinct,  and  of  general  interest :  — 

J  .«  I.  k.  R.  a.  S  tmreiUrea  Set.  B.  capreolAta  ,,,  ,-  ^  ,  ,,, 
HTnU  in  Edm.  PhU.  Jotan.  No.  3.  p.  10£.— 
Sub-evergreen.  Frickles  slender,  very  acute.  Leaflets  ovate, 
sharply  serrated,  thin,  nearly  of  the  same  colour  on  both  surfaces. 
Peduncles  hiapid  with  glanded  bairs,  or  wrinkled.  A  vigorous- 
growing  climber,  producing  shoots  sometimes  80  ft.  in  length  in 
one  season,  and  (lowering  profusely  from  the  middle  of  May  to  the 
middle  of  September.  One  of  the  hardiest  of  climbing  roses,  and 
particularly  useful  for  covering  naked  walla,  or  unwghtly  roo^.  Cul- 
tivated in  British  gardens  under  the  name  of  the  Ayrshire  Rose. 
^  JL  R.  a.  3  kubnda  Lindl.  Kos.  1 13.  has  semidouhle  flowers,  of  a  most 
delicate  ^b  colour,  and  ia  called,  in  the  nuraeries,  the  double  hip 
rose ;  the  term  hip  rose  bdng  applied  by  gardeners  to  the  com- 

Id  open  situations,  a  trailing  plant,  sometimes  rooting  at  the  joints ;  but, 
in  hedges  and  auion^  bushes,  a  climber  by  elongation ;  reaching  to  their  tops, 
and  covering  them  with  tufts  of  foliage  and  fiowers ;  the  leaves  remainingon 
tate  in  the  season  ;  and  the  fi^it  often  remuning  on  all  the  winter.  The 
shoots  are,  in  general,  feeble,  much  divided,  and  entangled ;  and  they  gene- 
rally produce,  here  and  there,  rugged  excreacencea,  which  readily  take  root. 

Nat'nei  of  Middle  Eta-ope. 

The  evei^reen  (Field)  Ro*& 

.  S9I.  1  Don^  Mill..  1.  p.  M). 

R.  b^tirlcs  Dctf.  CaL  Perl.   EmM.  I.  p.  «. ;   It. 

lreIutliiMuJtnl.Au    ].,  vilh  a  fit- 1    R-tBafB- 


Prod.,  I 


Spec.  Char,,  i/c.     Evergreen.      Shoots  climbing. 

Prickles  pretty  equal,  falcate.     Leaves  of  5 — 7 

leaflets,  that  are  green  on  both  sides,  coriaceous.  ^ 

Flowers  almost  solitary.or  in  corymbs.     Sepals 

nearly   entire,  longish.      Styles  cohering   mto 

an  elongate  plloae  column.  Fruit  ovate  or  ovate 

globose,   oranc&<oloured.      Peduncles   mostly 

hispid  with  gWded  haul.      Closely  allied  to 

S,  arv^nsis,  but  differing  in  its  being  evergreen, 

in  its  leaves  being  coriaceous ;  and  in  its  stipules 

being   sub&lcate,  and  more  acute   at  the   tip. 

{Dec.   Prod.)     A  vigorous  evergreen  climber. 

France,  Portugal,  Italy,  at  Pnstum  and  other 

places,  Greece,  and  the  Balearic  Islands.    !Stcm 

20ft.  to  Mft.     Introduced  in  1629.     Flowers  „,_  K.na,,r,UM 

white  or  pale  rose-coloured  ;  June  to  August. 

Fruit  oraiig&<:oloured ;  ripe  in  September. 
Varieties,     Several  varieties  are  enumerated  in  catalogues  ;  those  which  we 

condder  best  worth  mentioning  are,  — 


346  ARBORKTUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUU. 

i  Jr  R.  (d.)  I.  t  HvueUAaa,  raised  ironi  seed  bf  Mr.  SincUir  of  die  New 
Croas  Nureer;.  A  very  ttrong-growiDg  variety,  quite  deciduous,  with 
blush  flowers, 
i  .4  R.  (a.) '-3  Clarn.     T%e  Rote  CItre.  {Boi. 'Rett.,  t.  ]43e.;|— An  ele- 
gant vBriety,  with  deep  red  flowers.     Both  uete  varietiei  are  as 
much  entitled  to  be  considered  apedes,  aa  many  so  designated  in 
this  enuDieration. 
Used  br  the  same  purpo«ee  as  the  Ayrshire  rofe;  from  which  it  diflers  in  re- 
taining its  leaves  the  greater  part  of  the  winter,  and  in  its  less  vigorous  shooti. 

C.  ^iteiet  Natmet  o/Atia,  and  One  of  them  of  Africa. 
1  50.  R,  Mtii.TiFL0'R4  TflunA.     The  many'flowered  Rose. 
UnMfcMftm.    TliuDb.Fl,  Ju..!]*.:  D«.  Piod.,  S.  il  CM. :  Dod'i  UIILilp.  US. 
a,m«i,aia.     K.  Hn  DomkHort.  Oml.  ed.  *.  p.  lil. ;  K.  H&rUi  Pofr,  Hfvl-  i   «■  *«•»  SeA 
Imgri-wl^i.    Bi>t.llM-t'll»9-lB<>t-  Bat.,  t.  tie.  i  ud  out  A.  B90. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches,  peduncles,  and  calyxes 

tomentose.    Shoots  very  long.    Prickles  slender, 

scattered.     Leaflets  5 — 7,  ovate-lanceolate,  soft, 

finely  wrinkled.    Stipules  pectinate.    Flowers  in 

corymbs,  and,  in  many  instances,  very  numerous. 

Buds   ovate   globose.       Sepals   short.      Styles 

Srotruded,  incompletely  grown  together  into  a 
ing  hiury  column.  (Dn?.  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
climbiiw  shrub.  Jsftan  and  China.  Stems  10  ft. 
to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1S£2.  Produces  a 
profusion  of  clustered  heads  of  single,  senu- 
double,  or  double,  white,  pale  red,  or  red,  flowers 
in  June  and  July.  Fruit  tnight  red ;  ripe  in 
September. 

J    R.   m.   S   GrecUlei  HoH.     R.   Rosb^irghit 

Hon.  i  R.  platyphyila  Red.  Rot.  p.  69.  ;  „,    .  ,„iu«m. 

The  Seven  Sisters  Rose.  (Our  &.  681.) 

— A  beautiful  variety,  with  mudk  larger  and  more  double  flowers. 


of  a  purplish  colour.     No  climbing  rose  belter  deso^es  cultivation 


XXTI.    ROSA'CEjC  :    SO'^A.  347 

Bgainit  a  waU.  It  u  eawly  known  from  R.  mul^Bdn  b;  the  fringed 
edge  of  the  stipules ;  white  those  of  the  common  Jt,  multifldra  (J^. 
621.  a)  have  much  less  In^ce,  and  the  leaves  are  smaller,  with  the 
leaflets  much  lesa  rugose.    Tfae  form  of  the  blossoms  and  cotjmbs  is 


pret^  nearly  the  same  iu  both.     A  lapid-growing  Tarietr,  produnng 

_i —  ^-  in  r.  tQ  29 0^  joQ^  in  a  season,  flowering  profusely  for  two  or 

s,  but  only  of  three  or  four  yean  duration.  - 


t  B.  n.  3  BounaiiA  Horl.,  BowtmiUi  Rote,  is  placed,  in  Don's  MilUr, 
under  this  species ;  though  it  differs  more  £rom  the  preceding  variety 
than  many  species  do  from  each  other.     It  is  comparatively  B  hard- 
wooded  durable  rose,  and  valuable  for  Sowering  early  and  freely 
This  is  a  very  remarkable  rose,  from  its  petals  having  a  reticulated 
appearance, 
llie  spedea  is  very  distinct,  and  produces  numerous  bloswHns,  whidi  coiw 
tinue  expanding  for  two  months.     iBe  first  variety,  when  well  grown  against  a 
wall,  fonns  one  of  the  most  beautifid  of  wall  roses.     This  variety  and  the 
spedea  may  be  considered  as  rather  tender,  but  they  will  not  tbnve  under 


AmnfiiK.    JL  Br«««S|ina|.Sj(L.t.  p.  UC 
Engritlmtu.    UndL  Bour.  Hcnog.,  L  U. ;  ud  aurjtf.  SU. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoots  trailing.  Prickles  of  the  stem 
stout  and  arched.  Leaflets  5 — 7,  lanceolate,  pilose 
on  both  surfaces  I  the  under  one  glandulous,  and 
of  a  different  colour  from  the  upper  one.  Stipules 
r,  acute.     Inflorescence  corymbose.     Pedun- 


cles and  calyxes  pilose,  and  a  little  hisnid.  Sepals 
entire,  narrow,  and  lon^b.  Styles  cobering  into  a 
very  long  pilose  column.      Fruit   ovate.      Leaves 


or  pale  red ;  June  and  July. 

±  .*  SB.  R.  uobchaVa  Miil,    The  Husk  Rose. 

UaaeleaUim.    Ull.  Diet.,  No.  II. ;  Rad.  M  Tlior.  Roi,.  I.  p.n.ie.,uidp.  W.k.i  LlntU.  Bom. 


udosrA.tn. 
^ec.  (^ar.,  4^.  Shoots  asceudins.  Pricklea 
upon  the  stem  slender,  reourreo.  Leaflets 
5—7,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  nearly  glabrous, 
the  two  surfaces  of  different  colours.  Stipules 
very  narrow,  acute.  Flowen^  in  many  in- 
stances, verv  numerous;  white,  with  the  claws 
of  the  petals  yellow ;  very  fracvauL    Lateral 


peduncles  jointed,  and,  as  w^  as  the  calyx,  ^ 
[Hlose,  and  almost  hispid.  Sepals  almostpin.  r 
nately  cut,  long.     Fruit  red,  ?  ovate.    (Htc.) 


A  rambling  shrub.     North  of  Africa,  extentt 

EtcroEB  the  continent  from  Egypt  to  Mo- 
r ;  and  in  Madeira.    Stems  10  ft.  to  IS  fL 
>duced  in  1696.    Flowers  white  t  July  to 
October. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITAMNICUM. 

R.  m.  3  nfiwo  Lindl.  (Bot.  Reg.,  t. 
661.;  aad  our  fig^  6ii.)     R.  nivea  ' 

ZJi^wnf,  not  or  Dec. ;  R.m.  ?  var. 
rdeea  Ser.  in  Dec.  Prod.  —  Leaflets 
3 — 5,  orat«-cordate,  subacuminate^ 
large.  Flowen  disposed  in  ui  im- 
penectl;  coiTnibose  manner.  Pe- 
duncle Hid  -  calyx  a  little  hiBpid. 
Petals  white,  or  pale  rose-coloured, 
la^e,  obcordete.  This  i»  a  verj 
beautiful  varietj  ;  the  netab  are 
white,  witb  a  most  delicate^  yet 
rich,  tinge  of  blush. 
jl  R.  m.  4  nepalimii  LindL  (Bot.  Reg., 
t,  82ff.  i  and  our  j%.  635.)  differs 
from  the  species  in  having  longer 
and  Bcumiaated  sepals.  Raised  at 
Claremont,  from  Nepal  seed,  in  1824  **"■  "  "■  ""* 

Other  Varietiei.     In  lUvera's  AbriHged  Liit  if 
Roiet,  published  in  1840,  the  kinds  recommended 
are,  the  Frinsed,  Princesse  de  Natsau,  and  Tea- 
scented;  the  latter  a  hybrid,  with  lal^flowenof 
a  pure  white,  with  a  peculiar  habit  and  perfume. 
The  branches  of  the  musk  rose  are  ^erally 
too  nreak  to  support,  without  props,  its   large 
bunches   of  flowers,  which   are   produced   in   an 
umbel-like  manner  at  their  eitrenuties ;  and  hence 
the   plants   ret^uire  very  little    pnining.      Being 
rather  tender,  it  does  best  a^inst  a  wall.     The 
musky  odour   is  verv  perceptible, 

PeniaD  attar  of  roses, 

D.  Speaet  Na^vet  of  North  America. 

■  SO.  R.  jiubifo'li*  R.  Br.    The  Bramble-leaved  Rose. 

~~tiiirnA.',i.  p. Mi. 


I.    K.  Brown  In  AO.  HoR.  Knr.,  ed.  1,  toL  1.  p.  ICO.  1  LlDdl.Jlour.  Mgnogq  [ill 


,  (Scate.    Leaves 

[lubescent  beneath.  Leaflets  3,  ovate-lanceo- 
ate,  serrate.  Stipulet  narrow,  entire.  Flowen 
rerj  small,  of  a  rosy  colour,  mostly  solitary. 
Buds  ovate.  Sepals  ovate,  short,  simple.  Pe- 
duncles and  calyxes  a  little  hispid.  Styles 
cohering  into  a  tomentose  club-shsped  column, 
as  long  as  the  stamens.  Fruit  pea-shaped. 
'Dec.')  A  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
3ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flower* 
pale  red ;  August  and  September.  Fruit  scarlet ; 
ripe  in  October. 

$  X.    BaTikAkntE  Lindl. 


xxvt.  aosa'cejg;  bos. 


this  section  are  rcoMrkable  for  their  long,  graceful,  and  often  climbing  shoots, 
drooping  flowers,  and  trifbliolate  shining  leaves.  They  are  pmicularlj'  dis- 
tinguished by  their  deciduous,  subulate,  or  very  narrow  Btipulei.  Their 
(hilt  it  very  variable.  {Don't  Mill.)  —  Rambling  ihrubs,  deciJuoua,  or  Bub- 
evergreen ;  lomewhat  tender  in  raitish  gardens,  where  they  only  succeed 
when  planted  f^nst  a  wall.     Natives  of  China, 


I.  60.  R.  si'nica  AH.     The  irifo/iaiftemxd 
China  Rose. 

I.  Alt.  Hort.  Kew., 


Fair.  I   S.  lernlU 


SH.-.IkS'" 


sun.  is;,  Sei  Hm, 
wdA  «ftg.[  a.hfi. 


a'jourAi.raT!  liter 
:  iDd  ^.  S»-  >Act 

^ec.  Cflar.,  ^e.  Stipules  setaceous,  deciduous.   Caulineprickles equal, fidcate. 
Petioles  and  ribs  of  leaves  prickly.    Peduncles  and  Ihilt  beset  with  straight 
bristle*.    Sqials  entire,  pennaneni.    Flowers  white,  solitary.    Fruit  elliptic, 
orange-red.    Disk  conical.  (Bon'i  Milt.)     A  rambling  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
China.       Height  6h.  to  8  fl.       Introduced  in 
1759.     Flowers  whitej  Hay  and  June.     Fruit 
orange  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
Jl  61.  A,  Ba'hksu  R.  Br.  Lady  Banks's  Rose. 

UaUeloMtKm.    H.  Br.  In  Alt  Hon.  K™.,  •11.  toI.  ».  o.  »«. . 

Llndl.  RoHi,  Monoa-.p.  111.1  Dte.rna.,».B.ei 
gfiumtwta.  a.  BukiiJM  Abel  CUn.  160.,  l_A-  Id 
Sufrawrmtl.    Bot.  >!(«■,  b 

tc.  i  mfaaiM-  «»■ 

Spec.  (^ar,,^c.  Without  prickles, glabrous, smooth. 
Leaflets  3-^  lanceolate,  sparingly  serrated,  q>- 
proximate.  Stipules  bristle-like,  scarcelvBttached 
tothDpeliole,rathergk>iiBj,deciduous.  Flowers  in 
uinbel-like  corymbs,  numerous,  very  double,  sweet- 
scented,  nodifin^.  Tube  of  the  calyx  a  little 
dilated  at  the  Up.  Fruit  globose,  black.  (Dec. 
Prod.)  A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  China. 
Stems  10  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1807. 
Flowers  white  i  June  and  July,     Fruit  black.  '*'■  "-bii*** 

—  ymiely. 

^  R.  B.  2  lulea  Lindl.  (Bot.  R^.,  t.  1105., 

and  our  J^.  630.)  has  the  flowers  of  a 

pale  buff  colour,  and  is  a  very  beauliTul 

variety. 

This  is  an   exceeilingly  beautifiil    and  very  re- 

;  narkable  kind  of  rose  ;    the  flowers  being  small, 

.  vund,  and  very  double,  on    long  peduncles,  and 

)  -esembling  in  form  the  flowers  of  Uie  double  French 

:herry,  or  that  of  a  small  ranunculus,  more  than 

Jiose  of  the  generality  of  roses.     The  flowers  of 

B.  Binksiie  ilha  are  remarkably  fragrant ;  the  scent 

itrongl;  resembling  that  of  violets.  Plants  of  neither 

ao.  H.  i]b>bi>ibi«.  rariety  thrive  in  t£e  atmosphere  of  the  metropolis. 


350 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


631«    Jl«  lulciocwps* 


Some  which  had  attained  a  large  size  at  Kew,  and  other  places  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  London,  were  killed  by  the  winter  of  1837-8. 

g_  62.  R.  MiCROCA^RPA  Lindl,    The  small-fruited  Rose. 

IdentifleaUon.    Llndl.  Roi.  Mon.,  130.  t.  IB. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  a.  p.  601. 

Synonyme,    R,  cjrmlMa  Trait.  Ros.  1.  p.  87. 

Emgra9ing»,    Lindl.  Rosar.  Honog.,  C  18.  (  and  our^tr.GSK 

Spec,  Qhar,y  S^c.  Prickles  scattered,  recurred.  Leaf- 
lets 3— 5»  lanceolate,  shining,  the  two  surfaces 
different  in  colour.  Petioles  pilose.  Stipules 
bristle-shaped  or  awl-shaped,  scarcely  attached  to 
the  petiole,  deciduous.  Flowers  disposed  in  di- 
chotomous  corymbs.  Peduncles  and  calyxes  gla- 
brous. Styles  scarcely  protruded  higher  than  the 
plane  of  the  spreading  ofthe  flower.  Fruit  globose, 
pea-shaped,  scarlet,  shining.  Allied  to  R.  B&nksicp. 
{Dec,  Prod.)  A  rambling  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
China,  in  the  province  of  Canton.  Height  8  ft.  to 
10  ft.  Litrod.  1822.    Flowers  white,  numerous,  small ;  May  to  September. 

J  63.  R.  hy'strix  Lindl.    The  Porcupine  Rose. 

IdentifieatUm.    Lindl.  Rot.  Monog.,  p.  1S9. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  2.  p.fi84. 
EngravingM.    Lindl.  Bot.  Monog.,  1. 17. ;  and  oar>^.  638. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Prickles  on  branches  unequal, 
crowded,  larger  ones  falcate,  small  ones  straight. 
Stipules  very  narrow,  united  half  way,  the  free  part 
deciduous.  Leaflets  three,  smooth,  ovate,  shinins, 
simply  serrated,  with  a  few  prickles  on  the  middle 
nerve.  Sqpds  nearly  entire  ;  permanent.  Fruit 
bristly.  (non*t  MiU,)  A  rambling  shrub,  with 
flagelUform  branches*  China  and  Japan.  Flowers 
large,  solitary.  Fruit  oblong  purple. 

Other  Speciet  and  Varieties  of  Roto.  —  In  the  cata- 
logue of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  147  species  are  roistered,  ^si*  «-h^Mris. 
of  all  of  which,  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  there  are  living  plants.  The 
garden  varieties  in  the  same  collection  amount  to  about  \ElOO,  There  is 
indeed  no  end  to  the  garden  varieties,  new  ones  being  every  year  raised 
from  seed,  and  old  varieties  every  year  disappearing.  New  species  are  also 
occasionally  introduced,  and  several  have  been  lately  raised  in  the  Hort. 
Soc.  Garden  from  Himalayan  seeds.  For  species  we  recommend  the  cul- 
tivator to  have  recourse  to  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  and  for  sarden 
varieties  to  the  most  fashionable  nurserymen  of  the  time.  In  Rivers's  Abridged 
List  of  Rotes,  1840,  he  recommends,  as  a  selection  for  small  gardens  :  —  nY>- 
vence  roses,? ;  moss  roses,  8;  hybrid  Provence  roses,  7  ;  hybrid  China  roses, 
20 ;  French  roses,  16 ;  Rosa,  4lba,  9 ;  damask  roses,  6 ;  Scotch  roses,  8 ; 
sweet  briars,  5  ;  Austrian  briars,  2 ;  Ayrshire  roses,  6  ;  R6s&  multifldra,  3  ; 
evergreen  roses,  7 ;  Boursault  roses,  4  ;  Banksian  roses,  2  ;  hybrid  climbing 
roses,  4;  perpetual  roses,  12;  Bourbon  roses,  7;  China  roses,  15  ;  tea-scented 
roses,  1 1  ;  miniature  roses,  5 ;  Noisette  roses,  12 ;  musk  roses,  3 ;  Macartney 
roses,  3 ;  Rosa  microphylla,  3.  In  all,  185  sorts  ;  which  would  form  a  very 
efficient  rosarium. 

Sml  and  Situation  adapted  for  Roses, 

The  common  wild  roses  will  grow  in  very  poor  soil,  provided  it  be  dry ; 
but  all  the  cultivated  sorts  require  a  soil  naturally  light  and  free,  and  more  or 
less  enriched.  The  situation  should  be  open  and  airy,  exposed  to  the  east, 
or,  in  warm  situations,  to  the  north,  rather  than  to  the  south ;  because  the 
intensity  of  the  sun's  ra^'s  accelerates  too  rapidly  the  expansion  of  the  flowers, 
and  also  diminishes  the  colour  and  fragrance  o£  the  petals.     A  rose-garden. 


XXVI.  rosa^crm:  ro'sa.  351 

fully  exposed  to  the  sun  during  the  whol^  day,  may  have  a  useful  degree  of 
shade  given  to  it  by  the  distribution  of  a  few  standard  roses  of  not  less  than 
8  or  10  feet  in  height ;  or  by  the  introduction  of  frames  of  wood  or  wire,  in 
the  forms  of  obelLws,  ^omons,  crosses,  columns  surmounted  by  globes,  or  ^ 

cones,  on  which  climbmg  roses  may  be  trained.    These  would  produce  no  ^ 

bad  effect  by  their  drip,  and  yet  by  thdr  shadow,  which  would  vary  with  the 
position  of  the  sun,  they  would  afford  a  salutary  protection  to  the  dwarf 
roses  bv  which  they  were  surrounded ;  and  thus  produce,  in  some  degree,  the 
same  object  as  a  cool  situation  and  exposure.  The  rose  is  one  of  those  plants 
that  will  not  thrive  in  the  neighbourhood  of  towns  where  the  prevailing  fuel 
is  pit-coal ;  hence  the  roses  grown  within  a  circle  of  ten  miles  of  the  metro- 
polis are  much  inferior  in  beauty  to  those  grown  at  double  that  distance. 

La  country  residences,  roses  are  generally  distributed  in  the  margins  of 
shrubberies  along  with  other  flowenn^  shrubs :  but,  considering  the  culture 
they  require,  it  is  impossible  they  can  thrive  in  such  a  situation ;  and,  even  if 
they  did  thrive,  the  kind  of  beauty  which  thev  would  produce  would  be  of  a 
character  so  different  from  that  of  a  general  shrubbery,  as  to  require  their 
exclusion  from  it.  The  only  roses  fit  to  be  planted  in  a  shrubbery  are  the 
single  kinds,  in  their  wild  state.  Roses,  and  all  other  kinds  of  shrubs  or 
trees,  that  are  fiir  removed  fix>m  a  state  of  nature,  and  valued  for  something 
produced  by  art,  either  in  their  flowers,  fi*uit,  habit,  or  leaves,  should  be  grown 
m  situations  where  the  art  which  produced  the  artificial  effect  can  l^  em- 
ployed. Hence  all  fruit-bearing  trees  and  shrubs  should  be  grown  in  orchards, 
m  kitchen-gardens,  or  in  some  place  by  themselves,  so  as  to  admit  of  pro- 
perly cultivating  the  soil,  and  managing  the  plants.  Roses,  and  aU  double- 
flowering  shrubs,  ought,  in  like  manner,  to  be  grown  by  themselves ;  and  the 
same  principle  will  apply  to  shrubs  having  any  peculiarity  in  their  foliage,  and 
even  in  their  mode  of  growth.  The  continuation  of  the  peculiarity  may  not 
always  require  a  rich  soil ;  on  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  be  found  to  have 
been  produced  by  a  soil  and  situation  of  a  peculiar  nature :  but  that  peculi- 
arity of  soil  it  is  as  much  the  object  of  art  to  imitate,  as  it  is  to  form  the  rich 
soil,  and  fiivourable  situation,  which  produce  large  or  double  flowers,  or  large 
and  succulent  fruit,  or  variegated  leaves.  Hence,  to  cultivate  roses  properiy, 
they  must  be  grown  either  in  groups  by  themselves  on  a  lawn,  or  in  a  flower- 
garden  ;  or  be  connected  into  a  system  of  groups  or  beds,  in  a  rosarium,  or 
rose-garden.  Ota  this  subject,  and  on  the  pruning,  and  general  treatment  of 
roses,  we  must  refer  to  the  firet  edition  of  tnis  work,  where  it  will  be  found 
given  at  ^reat  length,  illustrated  with  numerous  diagrams,  having  reference  to 
propagation,  training,  pruning,  the  formation  of  rosariums,  for  which  several 
plans  are  given,  and  the  destruction  of  insects. 

Rotarium^  or  Rotetum, — Where  it  is  intended  to  plant  a  collection  of  roses, 
the  best  effect  will  be  produced  by  devoting  a  group  to  each  section  ;  such  as 
one  to  moss  roses,  another  to  Noisettes,  a  third  to  Scotch  roses,  &c.  These 
groups  ought  generally  to  be  planted  with  dwarfit  rather  than  standards ;  be- 
cause the  former  are  more  conveniently  looked  upon  by  tlie  spectator :  but  a 
handsome  standard  may,  frequently,  occupy  the  centre  of  eacn  group,  if  it  is 
a  circle  or  a  square;  and  two  or  three  ins  lioe,  or  radiating  from  a  point,  if 
it  is  of  a  long  or  an  irregular  form.  Sometimes  a  group  may  be  surrounded 
by  a  row  of  standards,  which,  in  that  case,  should  have  clear  stems,  not  less 
than  7  fL  high,  through  which  the  dwarf  roses  may  be  seen  by  persons  walking 
round  the  group.  Standard  roses,  in  general,  have  the  best  effect  when  formed 
into  an  avenue  along  the  margin  of  a  walk;  and  for  this  purpose  they  are 
very  suitable  for  common  flower-gardens,  where  the  groups,  instead  of  being 
planted  with  dwarf  roses,  are  filled  with  herbaceous  plants.  The  sizes  of  the 
different  groups  in  a  rosarium  ought  to  be  proportioned  to  the  number  of  va- 
rieties bdongmg  to  the  section  to  be  planted  in  each,  the  bulk  which  they 
attain,  and  their  habit  of  growth.  For  these  purposes,  the  Abridged  List  of 
Messrs.  Rivers  may  be  taken  as  a  basis ;  and,  as  it  contains  27  groups,  these 
may  be  represented  by  27  beds  of  different  dimensions. 


\ 


852 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  XIII. 


LO'WEi^  Lindl.    The  Lowba.    Lm,  Sytt,  Icos^ndria  Polygynia. 


Identification.    Llndl.  Bot.  Reff.,t.  1961. 
Stfrnrngme,    A6sa  sp.  PaU,  and  LindL  In  Rot.  MoMOg; 

DerivaiioH.    In  compliment  to  the  Rev.  Mr*  Lowe,  TnveUing  Bachelor  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. {Lindtey  in  Bot,  Reg.  L  1961.) 

Gen,  Char.,  S^c,  Calyx  with  the  tube  contracted  at  the  mouth.  FetaU  5. 
Stamens  and  Carpels  numerous  as  in  Rossu  Leo/*  simple,  exstipulate. 
Prickles  often  compound.  (Lhtdl,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated.     Flowers  yel- 
low^  marked  with  purple.  —  An  undershrub.     Native  of  Persia. 

^  1.  L.  BBRBBRivo'iAk  LkuU,    The  Berberry-leaved  Lowea. 

IdentifiMtton.    Lindley  in  Bot  Ree.,  1. 1261. 

Synon^met.     ifbsa  aimpUdfiklU  SaL  Hort.  AUert,  859.,    J?,  berberitblia  Palt,^  Lindl.  Aotonm 

Monog.  p.  1.  French  edition,  p.  93.,  Dee.  Prod.  2.  p.  60S.,  Spreng.  SytU  2.  p.  546.,  WaUrotk  Monog. 

p.  25. 
Bngravingt.    Bot  Reg.,  1 1951. ;  Redout^  Ros.,  1.  t  9: ;  and  oar>^.  G83. 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.  Leaves  undivided,  without  stipules,  obovate-cuneated, 
serrated  at  the  tip.  Prickles  decurrent,  and  of  the  colour  of  ivory.  Sepals 
entire,  subspathulate.  Petals  yellow,  marked  with  purple  at  the  base. 
(Dec.  Prod,)  An  undershrub.  Persia,  near  Amadan, 
where  it  abounds  in  saltish  soil ;  and  also  in  fields  at 
the  bottom  of  Mount  Elwend,  and  in  the  Desert  of 
Soongaria.  Height  2  fl«  Introd.  in  1 790.  Flowers  yellow 
and  purple ;  June  and  July.  Somewhat  difficult  of  cul- 
ture, and  not  a  fi'ee  flowerer ;  but  it  is  readily  propagated 
by  budding  on  the  dog  rose,  or  by  seeds,  which  it  pro- 
duces on  the  Continent  in  abundance  in  common  soil. 

Varieties.  Several  are  described  in  Dec,  Prod,^  and  some 
hybrids  have  recently  been  raised  between  this  species 
and  some  kinds  of  i?oia. 

6S9.    L.  terftcrifVia. 


Sect  V.    Po^MEiE  LindL 
Genus  XIV. 

CRATiE'GUS  Lindl.   The  Thorn.    Lin,  Sysl,  Icos&ndria  Di-Pentagjnia, 

Identification.    Lindl.  In  Lin.  Trana.,  18.  p.  105. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  696. :  Don's  liill.,  9.  p.  598. 
Synonymes.    Crate^gua  and  Affapilua  Bp.  of  Lin,  and  others ;  NMler,  Altsier,  and  Aabtoine,  Fr, ; 

Doom,  Uabeer,  and  Mlspel,  Ger, ;  Doom,  Dutch ;  Gratcgo.  Jtal ;  and  Esptno,  Span, 
Derivation,    From  krato$,  strength ;  in  reference  to  the  hardness  and  strength  of  the  wood. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  with  an  urceolate  tube,  and  a  5-cleft  limb.  Petals  orbicu- 
lar, spreading.  Ovarium  2— 5'CeIIed.  Styles  2 — 5,  glabrous.  Pome  fleshy, 
ovate,  closed  ;  the  calycine  teeth,  or  the  thickened  disk,  containing  a  bony 
putamen.  {DotCs  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  8dpulate,\:hiefly  deciduous,  but  in  part  evergreen  j 
angular  or  toothed.  Flowers  in  corymbs,  usuall v  white.  Bracteas  subulate, 
deciduous.  FrvU  red,  yellow,  or  black.  Decaying  leaves  yellow,  or  reddish 
yellow. 


XXVI.  aosa'ce^;  craTyeVsus.  353 

Trees  or  ehrubs,  tmoll,  deciduous,  loinetiine*  evei^reen ;  mottly  natives  of 
Europe  and  Nortb  America,  and  Bome  of  them  of  Asia  and  toe  North  of 
Africa,  One  of  them,  the  common  hawthorn,  b  well  known  throuihout 
the  Middle  and  North  of  Europe,  aa  a  hedjfe  plant.  The  species  uU  flower 
and  fruit  freely  ;  and  the  wood  of  all  of  them  ii  hard  and  durable,  and  the 
plants  of  considerable  longevity.  Almost  all  the  dowers  are  white,  and  the 
fruit  it  generally  red  i  though  in  some  sorts  it  is  yellow,  purple,  black,  or 
green.  All  the  species  ripen  fruit  in  the  neighbourhood  ol  London,  most 
of  them  abundantly;  bji  which,  or  by  grafcnc  or  budding  on  the  common 
hawthorn,  tbey  are  generally  propagated.  When  the  species  which  luive 
naturally  a  dwarf  habit  of  growth  are  intended  to  assume  the  character  of 
low  trees,  they  are  grafted  standard  high  upon  C.  Oxyadintha,  C,  coccinea, 
or  on  some  other  of  the  4trong-growing\inds ;  in  consequence  of  which  prac- 
dce,  this  genua  furnishes  a  greater  number  of  handsome  small  trees  for  om^ 
mental  grounds  than  any  other  ligneous  family  whatever.  All  the  species 
will  grow  on  an^  soil  that  is  tolerably  dry  i  but  they  will  not  grow  vigorously 
in  a  aoil  that  i*  not  deep  and  free,  and  rich  rather  than  poor.  Whether  as 
small  trees  or  as  shrubs,  they  are  all  admirably  adapted  for  planting  grounds 
of  limited  extent ;  and  especially  for  small  gardens  in  the  n^hbourhood  of 
large  towns. 

$  i.  Coccinea. 
Sect,  Char.,  S/c.     Leaves  cordate,  lobed,  acutely  serrated.    Flowers  and  fruit 
large.     The  plants  also  large,  and  of  free  and  vigorous  growth. 

I   1.  C.  cocci'kea  L.     "Die  scarlet^fmterf  Thorn. 

ii.Sp.,6sl.i  Fnnli  AiHT.  Stpt,  1.  p-Sn.;  Deo.  Prod,,  1.  p.  SIT.  I  Doo'iMUI., 

tlitlli  Wau.  Ft.  Car.  i  M.  cocOna  vm.  Sum*.  Du 
._  . _        .......    „|,j^  fffr.  1  Us- 

'.  Is  p.  SK. ; 


Fiwnirt^r  Plut,'  L  «.  t*.i   I>«Bd.Brn.,  LSI;    Bot.Mu.,!.  Mill  ourjh. 
Oa  Plata  In  Alb.  BriL,  IM  ndL,  toL  tL  i  ud  ou  A.  CS'- 


^p«7.  Char.^  ^c.     Disks  of  leaves  eordate-OTate,  angled  with  lobes,  acutely 
serrated,  glabrous.    Petioles  and  calyxes  pubescent,  ghuided.     Petals  or- 


c354  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

biculate.  Styles  5.  Fruit  scarlet,  eatable.  (Dec.  Prod,)  A  low  tree.  North 
America,  from  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  hedges  and  woods.  Height  15  ft. 
to  20ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit 
large,  round,  or  somewhat  pear-shaped,  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying leaves  yellow,  inclining  to  scarlet.  Naked  young  wood  dark-coloured  ; 
old  wood  with  a  whitish  bark. 

VaneHet.  It  would  be  easy  to  procure  as  many  varieties  of  this  species  as 
there  are  of  the  common  hawthorn,  by  raising  some  thousands  of  plants 
every  year  from  seed,  and  selecting  from  the  seed-beds  plants  indicating 
any  peculiarity  of  leaf  or  of  habit ;  but,  as  in  the  nurseries  the  most  rapid 
way  of  producing  saleable  plants  of  this,  and  all  the  other  species  and  va- 
rieties of  Oatse^gus,  is  found  to  be  by  grafting  on  the  common  hawthorn, 
very  few  seedlings  are  raised,  and  the  varieties  in  cultivation  are  only  the 
three  or  four  following :  — 

t  C.  c.  2  cordl&na.  C,  cor&lliua  Lodd.  Cat, ;  the  C,  pvrif6rmis  and  C,  pec- 
tinita  of  some  collections,  {fig,  678.  in  p.  387.) —  The  leaves  and 
the  entire  plant  are,  perhaps,  rather  smaller  than  in  the  species ; 
the  habit  or  the  tree  is  decidedly  more  upright  and  fastigiate ;  and 
tlie  fruit  is  smaller,  long,  and  of  a  fine  coral  red  ;  whence  the  name 
is  probably  derived,  though,  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Hort.  Soc. 
Catalogue^  it  is  called  the  red-branched  hawthorn.  The  plants  at 
Messrs.  Loddiges's,  however,  exhibit  only  a  slight  degree  ot  redness 
in  the  branches  of  the  young  wood. 
¥  C.  c.  3  mdentdia.  C,  indentita  Lodd,  Cat, ;  C,  ge6rgica  Doug,  (fig.  678. 
in  p.  387.)  —  The  leaves  are  smaller,  and  less  lobed,  than  those  of 
the  species ;  the  plant  is  also  weaker,  of  upright  habit,  and  with  a 
smooth  clear  bark.  It  is  very  prolific  in  flowers  and  fruit. 
t  C.  c.  4  maxima  Lodd.  Cat.  C,  c.  spindsa  Godefroy  ;  C.  acerifolia  Hort, ; 
C.  ?  flabelUita  Hort.  —  The  leaves  are  larger  than  those  of  any  other 
variety ;  and  the  fruit  is  also  laree.  As  we  have  not  seen  living 
plants  of  C.  flabell^ta,  but  only  dned  specimens  sent  from  Terenure 
and  the  Humbeque  Nursery,  we  are  not  absolutely  certain  that  C. 
flabellkta  and  C.  c.  m&xima  are  the  same ;  but  we  feel  quite  certain 
that  they  both  belong  to  C,  cocci nea.  We  are  informed  that  the  C. 
flabell4ta  of  some  nurseries  is  C.  tanacetif&lia ;  which  certainly 
has  its  leaves  more  flabellate,  or  fan-like,  than  any  variety  of  C. 
cocdnea. 
t  S  C.  c.  5  neapoUtdna  Hort.  M^supiXvLS  constantinopolitana  Godefroy, 
—  Plants  were  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection  in  1837. 

¥  2.  C.  OLANDULO^A  W.    The  glandular  Thorn. 

UeniifleaHom,    WlUd.  Sp.,  2.  p.  1009.,  not  of  BOchx. ;  Piirth  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  S87. ;  Dec.  Prod,  1. 

p.  637. ;  Dou*B  Mill.,  1  p.  69S. 
Sf/mmymet.    ?  C.  Mnsuinee  Pail,  PL  Bob.  I.  t  II. ;  ?  Mttpilus  rotimdifblia  Ekrh.  BeHr.  &  p.  90L  z 

Pfma  glanduldMJfonclb ;  C.  rotondlfUU  Booth. 
BngravHufs.    ?  PaU.  PL  Rom.,  1. 1. 11.  t  Lod.  Bot  Gab.,  t.  lOlS:  Dead.  Brit.,  t.  6&  ;  wjarjlg.  68a 

in  p.  388.  i  the  pUte  ofthlt  ipeciet  In  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  ti.  ;  and  our  Jig.  686. 

Spec,  Char,f  <jrc.  Leaves  with  the  disk  obovate-wedee-shaped,  angled,  gla- 
brous, glossy.  Petioles,  stipules,  and  sepals  glanded.  Fruit  oval,  scarlet ; 
nuts  4—5 ;  flesh  hard  and  dry.  (Dec.  Prod,)  A  low  tree.  North  Ame- 
rica, in  Canada  and  on  the  Allq^hany  Mountains,  and  also  found  on  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  Height  12  f):.  to  15  fl.  Introduced  in  1750.  Flowers 
white ;  May  and  June.    Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieties. 

S  C.  ^.  2  9uccuUnia  Fisch.,  M^spAus  succul^nta  Booth,  has  the  finiit 
larger  than  that  of  the  speaes,  and  succulent,  juicy,  and  eatable. 
We  have  seen  only  one  plant  of  this  variety;  but  we  were  assured 
by  the  late  M.  Fischer  of^Oottingen,  that  there  are  several  in  the 
botanic  garden  there,  and  in  various  other  collections  in  Germany. 


XXVI.  aosA^CKM  :  crats'ous.  955 

t  C,  g,   3  tuhvittota,   C.  subvilldsa    Fitch., 

jour  fig.  636.,  and  Jig.  661.  in  p.  3S8.) 

IS  apparently  another  variety  of  the  pre- 
ceding lort,  or,  perhaps,  of  C.  cocctnea. 

It  ia  very  distinct  in  aj^ieRnnce,  from 

its  villous  twisted  leaves,  and  stunted 

tortuoiis  shoots  ;  but,  from  its  havii^ 

been  only  three  or  four   years   in  the 

country,  very  little  is  known  of  its  habit 

of  growth,  which   seems  to  be  rathtf 

more  loose  than  that  of  C,  glanduldsa. 

There  are  plants  in  the  Horticulture 

Society's  Cianlen,  and  in  Messrs.  Lod- 

diges's  arboretum. 
Kffen  from  the  preceding  sort  in  ^e  stipules 
and  calyxes  being  glandular,  and  in  the  head  of 
the  tree  forming  a  dense  mass  of  small  twigs. 
B^ng  a  small  compact  tree,  of  somewhat  conical 
or  fastigiate  habit,  and  of  comparatively  low 
growth,  and  yet  veir  prolific  in  flowers  and  fruit. 
It  is  well  adapted  n>r  small  gardens ;  and,  being  (^  e.t.m»ita^ 

at  the  same  time  fiill  of  branches  and  verv  spiny, 
it  is  better  calculated  than  many  other  kinds  of  Americaa  OM«^gus  for  fonoing 


j  ii.  Punctata. 
Sect.  Char,     Leaves  not  lobed,  large,  with  many  nerres.     Bark  white,  or  asb- 
coloured.    Fruit  targe,  or  sniall. 

f  3.  C.  puncta'ta  AU.    The  dotted^/rutfefj  Thorn. 
It  ^od.,  a.  P.  sn.  I  iSdii'iMlii.,3.  p. »«. 

,C.^i^n  Da  Sei;  W«qilliii  cimilRilli  Etrt. 

I. ;  the  pliu  in  Art).  Brll..me± 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oboTate-iTedg»Hriiaped,  glabroui,  Mrrated.  Calys 
a  little  Tiilosej  its  sepatB  awl-ihaped,  entire.  Fruit  luuelly  dotted.  (Ihc. 
Prod.)  A  amall  tree.  Nonh  ^eriu,  in  the  woods  and  swamps  or  Vir- 
ginia and  Carolina  t  where,  according  to  Pursh,  it  grows  to  a  handuiDe 
size,  particulaHy  tlie  variety  having  jellow  fruiL  Height  Ifi  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Introduced  in  1746.  Flower*  white ;  Uav  and  June.  Fruit  Karletj  ripe 
in  SeptemiiCT.     Leaves  dropjHng  ydlow.  Naked  young  wood  grey. 

Varie^t,     There  are  four  forms  of  this  species  in  British  gardens. 

i  Cp.  i  ribra  Punh,  C.  edCdis  Bonaidt  (fg.&i2.  in  p.SB9.)  is  the 

most  common,  and   is  a  spreading  tree,  growine  to  the  height  of 

from  15  ft.  to  30  ft.,  with  red  fruit,  and,  when  old,  with  few  tbonu. 
i  C.p.S  rubra  ibicia  Hon.,  C.  p.  strlcta 

Ronaldi,  has  the  firuit  red,  like  the  pre> 

ceding  sort;   but  the  general  habit  of 

the  plant  is  fastigiate,  like  that  of  the 

fidlowing  t(~' 


a  Godefrog  (fig.  682. 

,,   _   ..  treelike  C.  p.  riibra, 

vritn  yellow  fruit,  and  also,  waen  old,  I 

with  few  thorns. 
I  Cp.  5  irmipnaDoug.,andourj^.638.  . 
—  A  very  handsome  fiistigiate  tree,  with  ' 
large,    very   dark   purplish    red   fruit. 

Hort.  8oc  Oarden.  eb.  c.r.bM««K. 

The  wood  is  so  hard  that  the  Indians  of  the  west  coast  of  America  make 
wedges  of  It  for  splitting  trees. 

1  *.  C.  iTTBino'Li*  Ait.     The  Fear-tr«e-leaved  Thorn. 

..».p.  ISB.i  PonhFl-Aniw.  B«p«.,l.p.»3I.[  I>gcP»d.,«.p.S)7. 

-1- — -  (white.b.rkrf)  IKtutk  WtfH.  B.  II.  [.  ».  i  c.  miuu  LiM.  Cat. 

Itt«  J>ll  Aof  HaMi.  L.  p.  laa. ;  C.  IiUaTii  Ftrt.  ;    JtfilpUui  UtltMts  Lam. 

(  W.  pyHRiIlE  Limi  Ktmrn. ;  M.  CDfalAUi  fWr-i 


DoD'i  MfU..  1,  p.  S»9. 
1/iumfmet.    C.  uninipl 


XXVI,  sosaVea  :  c'Rat^'gus.  357 

E-urmmti.  Ma«ti  Waiu.,  p.31.  L  l.(  WUt.  Drnd.  BrtL,  [.  61.;  Bot.  K>f.,  (.  IBTT.  1  gur 
j$.  «M.1ii  p.  MO. ;  Uh  plus  or  III*  qwla  tai  Art).  BrtL,  In  >d»..  •o<,  •!, ;  tai  c«ir  Jig.  eaa. 

Spec,  Char.,  S/c.  In  tome  iiiBtancet  apvtj,  in  Eome  without  spines.  Leaves 
ovate-elliptical,  tnciselv  serrated,  obscurely  plaited,  a  little  haiij.  Flovers 
S-st^led.  Calyx  slightlj  villoHe ;  its  sepals  linear- lanceolate,  serrated. 
{Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree,  generally  nnneless.     North  America,  from  Penn- 

ylvania  to   Carolina,  in  woods  and  rocky  places.     Height  SO  ft.  to  85  ft. 

introduced  in  1765.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July,  rather  later  thtm 
C.  punctata.  Fruit  small,  yellowish  red  j  ripe  early  in  SeptembM',  and 
more  eagerly  sought  after  by  birds  than  those  of  any  other  species. 


svl 
Inl 


Hie  leaves  of  young  trees  are  larger,  and  the  fruit  smaller,  than  thoae 
of  most  other  species;  the  leaves  are  also  more  strongly  plaited,  having  the 
appearance  of  b«ng  furrowed  from  the  midrib  to  the  margin.  When  the  fruit 
is  not  eaten  by  birds,  it  shrivels,  turns  black,  and  remains  on  the  tree  through- 
out the  winter.     He  leaves  drop  early,  of  a  rich  yellow. 

$  iii.  Maerac&taha. 

Sect,  dor.  Leaves  large,  ovattoblong,  slightly  lobed  and  serrated,  with  nu- 
merous nerves,  and  subplicate.  Fruit  stnall.  Spines  very  long.  Tree 
vigorous  and  spreading. 

T  5.  C.  mackica'htha  Lodd.  Cat.     The  long-spined  Thorn. 
4riM«Ma.    C.  duduUiH  g  nueriiDlha  Us^  Bot.  B«.,  L  1911. ;   C.  tptn  IodsIi^iu  Id  Uh 

Hammernnlth  ffurmr  ;  c.prrlAbn  Jbmy;  m  Aif.  Keg.  L.  ISAT. 
Emtrmr*^t.    BoLR^.,  I.  isfl  i  DurA.SSSTbi  p.S9a;  tlM  plu*  ortUa  ipedw  Inoar  Arb.  Brit., 

im  hIU..  tii<.  rL  ;  ud  ourj^-  W. 
S^e,  l^ar^  ^.     Spines    longer  than  the  leaves,  and   numerous.     Leaves 
ovate-oblong,  somewhat  acuminate,  slightly  lobed   and   bluntlv  serrated, 
nerved,  and   subplicate.     Fruit   small,  or  middle-sized,  of  a  shining  red, 
and  very  succulent  when  ripe.     Tree  open,  spreading,  and  of  very  vigorous 


ARBORETCM    ET    FEUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


erowth.  The  shooU  straight,  and  tendinft  ii|iwards  at  an  angle  of  45'. 
North  America,  and  the  moat  cammon  species  in  the  northern  states. 
Height  10ft.  to  30ft.  Introduced  in  1819.  Flowers  white:  Maj*  and 
June.     Fruit  scarlet,  rather  smaller  than  that  o(C.  coccinea;  ripe  in  8ep- 


haviiw  smaller  Quit.      There  are  plants  at  Somerford  Hall,  Staf- 

Raised  from  American  seed,  in  ISIB,  in  the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Falla,  at 
Gateshead,  near  Newcastle  ;  whence  it  was  sent  to  the  Edinbui^h  Botanic 
Garden,  under  the  name  of  the  large  American  azarole. 

$  iv.    CHu-g&Ui. 

Sect.  Char,  Leaves  without  lobes,  oborate-oblong  or  oborate-Ianceolate, 
more  or  less  serrated,  and  of  a  dark  shinins  green,  with  (letiolcs  ma^ined 
by  [he  deciurence  of  the  leaf.     Fruit  small,  or  middle  sited,  round,  dark 

Seen  till  nearly  ripe,  and,  when  ripe,  scarlet.     Spines  very  long,  and  bent 
:e  the  spur  of  a  cocfc, 

t  6.  C.  Cttu's-Oi'LLI  I.     The  Cock'a-spur  Thorn. 
Utti^kaUaiL    LlD.  St.,  f. ail  Dae  Frod.,  3.  p-ex.;  Fiinli  PL  Amn. Sept.,  i.  p.SM.{  Dod'i 

Aomfwi.  CntE>,i  [adds  fang.  Am.  t.  IT.  (.41.,  ud  ifOI.  JSd. ;  C.taniBXUM  LaM.C^.; 
JAipUiu  lOctdi  £*'*.  Btltr.i  «.  CiAi-ttllinvr.i  M.hjtaantlViil.:  K  cundRai*  Jtfowit: 
Ntuor  Pl«d  da  Gere,  Fr.  i  pLuundfl  Hlipel.  Gfv. ;  LuiatdLId  nlDi^io.  ItaL 

XHgrtt^fl-  W«n£.  Am.,  I.  ir.  f.  <S, :  D«<L  Bril,.  t.  M. ;  ourj%.  (ST.  In  p.  »l.  ;  tb*  pl»t»  o(U» 
lp«eSMln  Arb-  BrlL..  lil«U(-»  tcI.  vi. ;  mad  our  Jig.  Gil. 

j^jec.  Ciar.,  ^c.  Spines  long.  Leaves  obovate-wedge-shaped.  Dearly  ses- 
idle,  glossy,  glabrous,  fulling  off  late.  Stipules  linear.  Lobes  of  the  calyx 
lanceolate,  and  somewhat  serrated.  Styles  2.  Fruit  scarlet.  (Dec.  Prod.} 
A  low  tree.  North  America  ;  common  in  woods  and  hedges,  and  on  the 
banks  of  rivers,  from  Canada  to  Carolina.     Height   15  ft.  to  SO  ft.      Intro- 


XXVI.  bosa^ceje:  CRArjerova. 


duced  in  J6d1.  Flowers  white ;  May  and  June.  Pnut  anBll,  green,  and 
at  length  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September  an^  October.  Leaves  retuned 
longer  Uun  in  moat  of  the  species ;  so  that  in  the  South  of  England  it  ap> 
pears  a  sub-crergreen,  retaining  also  its  showy  fruit  ilirough  the  winter. 

1  C.C.i  iplndeni  Dec.  Prod.,  Ait.  Hon.  Kew.  ii.  p.  170.,  Pluk.  t.46. 
f.  I.  C.  orbutif&lia  and  C.  spl^dens  Lodd.  Cat.  (J!g.  686.  in  p.  3S1.) 
—  Leaves  obovate-wedge-ahaped,  and  shining;  and,  being  produced 
Tn  abundance,  the  plant  has  a  splendid  appearance. 

i  C.C.3  m/nuxmaVoSa  Dec.  Prod.,  Ait.  Hon.  Kew.  ii  p.  170.  C.pvn- 
canlhitSlia  Lodd.  Cat. ;  Jf^ilus  lucida  Dum.  Court.  Sol.  Cult.  ed.  2. 
T.  p.  448.  ( /%.  693.  in  p.  391.  ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  ediu, 
Tol.  vi^'  and  our^y.  64S.)  —  Lmtcs  oblong,  with  the  upper  pen  lan- 


ceolate ;  the  lower  pan  tending  to  wedge-shaped.  Thia,  even  when 
only  3  or  *  years  grafted,  fbnns  o  singular  little  old-looking  tree, 
spreading  like  a  miniature  cedar  of  Ldvinon. 


ARBORETUM    ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITAHNICUM. 

T  C.  C.  4  eaScUdea  Dec  Prod.,  AiL  Hort.  Kev.  ii.  p.  170.  C  nUciBliit. 
(jb.601.  in  p.  391.;  and  the  ptau  in  Arb.  Bnt.,  lit  edit.,  vol.  vi. ; 
and  our  J^.  643.) —  Leavea  oblong,  with  the  upper  put  laiicealat«i 


the  lower  part  tending  to  wedge-tiiaped.  This  tbniu  a  low  flat- 
headed  tree,  like  the  preceiUiig  variety.  A  plant  in  Measrs.  Lod- 
diges's  arboretum,  in  1835,  atW  beine  live  jean  grafted  at  a  foot 
from  the  ground,  was  not  quite  S  ft.  Dish.  The  uiiniature  trees  of 
this  variety  are  admirably  adspted  for  children's  gardens, 
X  C.C.  5  UiKOTu  Dec.  Prod,  ^eepilus  lioe^<i  Detf.  Arb.  ii.  p.  I56„ 
Par.  Stip^  iv,  p.  70. ;  C.  linens  Lodd.  Cat.   (^.  690.  in  p.  391.) 

—  Leaves  Itnear-JaQceolate.  Spines,  or  thorns,  few  and  shortiBh. 
Styles  1 — 2.    Fruit  of  a  yellowuh  reL 

«  C.  C.  6  nana  Dec.  PTod.     Af£spiluB  n&na  Dum.  Court.  Sml.  p.  3S6. 

—  BranchletB  tomentose  in  some  d^ree.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate  t 
the  under  aur&ce  paler  than  the  upper.  A  shrub,  or,  when  trained 
to  a  single  item,  a  miniature  tree. 

This  spedes,  being  one  of  the  first  introduced  into  England,  has  been  more 
cultivated  than  any  other  American  thorn ;  and  on  the  whole  it  is  one  of  the 
most  splendid  in  appearance,  Erom  its  smooth,  shining,  dark  green  foliage,  and 
the  great  abundance  of  Its  fine  white  flowers,  and  dark  red  Ihiit  which  remains 
long  on  the  tree.  Id  the  South  of  En^and,  and  in  the  cliDUle  of  London,  in 
warm  sheltered  situations,  where  the  soil  is  rich  and  moist,  it  retains  its  leaves 
and  fruit  through  great  pan  of  the  winter,  so  as  to  appear  quite  evergreen. 
t  7.  C.  (C.)  ovALiFoYiA  Hont.     The  oval-leaved  Thorn, 

UtmldlaillQK.    Horann.  Han.  Hlftl.  SlippI,  H. :  D«.  Frod.,  1.  p.  SIT.  i  Don'i  MllL,  L  p.  MS. 

^IKMMB    C.tUnaaLald.Cal.iC.Crlii-tt.moniiBai^Biit.Ttrg.t.l%eO. 

SugrMmgi.  But.  ftif..  1.  IMS. ;  our  A-  Wt.  Id  p.  »1.  i  tlu  plUa  of  lUi  ipsdH  Id  Aitk  Bill. 
IK  tdlt.,  Tol.  d.  I  ud  cm  Jig.  Ml. 

^ptc.  Char.,  ic  Leaves  oval,  serrated,  a  little  pilose  on  both  surfacea,  and 
shining  on  the  upper  one.  Stipules  half- heart-shaped,  incisely  serrated, 
with  glanded  serralures,  {Dec.  Rrod,)  A  low  tree.  North  America.  Hd^t 
I5ft.to20ft.  Introd.  in  1910.  Flowers  white,  A  very  distinct  variety  of 
C.  Cr^s^giUi,  wilh  a  loose  spreading  habit  of  growth,  and  broad  leaves. 


XXVI.    AOBA  CKX  t    CRATJR  0V6. 


t  e.  C.  (C.)  phonifo'li*  Soic.     The  Plum-leBved  TTiora. 

KgrnUhm.    BoH  Inail.;  Dh.  Prod.,1.  p.  G».!  Don'!  UIU,  1.  p.  H«. 

jn^iDiii  primUMli  Psfr.  iHd.  1.  p.443.;  C.  cuvUnltiu  Lsdil.  Cif . ; 


KMTfiMiwi.     But  Reg.,  I.  IHM.;  our^.  6W.  In  p.»l.  i  Iha  pliU 


362  ABBORETUH   ET    FRUTICSTUH   BBITANNICUM. 

^pet,  Char^  ^c.    Learea  with  die  (tuk  broadly  ovate,  uaequally  serrated,  and 

flabrouB ;  the  petioles  bearing  a  few  ^ands.  Sepals  with  ^landed  serraturei. 
'eduncle  and  calyx  a  little  villoAe.     Seeds  8  in  a  pome.  {pec.  Prod.)     A 
low  tree.     North  America.     Height   15  ft.  to  SO  It.     Introduced  in   1618, 
or  before.     Flowers  white ;  May  and  Jone.     Fruit  scarlet. 
Differs  from  the  preceding  Tariety  in  baring  broader  and  shorter  leaves,  a 
more  compact  and  &sti^te  habit  of  growth,  and  rather  more  thorns  on  Uie 
branches.     The  leaves  of  this  aod  the  proxdin^  kinds  die  off  of  a  much 
deeper  red  than   the  narrow-leaved  varieties,  which  often  drop  qiute  green, 
yellow,  or  of  a  yellowish  red. 

$  V.    NigrtE. 

Sett,  Gtar,  Leaves  middlfr«iied,  deeply  lobed.  Lobes  pointed.  Fruit  round, 
bkck  or  purple.  IVee  rather  fasdgiate,  with  few  or  no  spines.  Baric 
smooth. 

t  9.  C.  Ht'OBA  WaUit.  el  Kit.     The  black^/hoterf  Thorn. 

Wtldil.MKIl.  PI.  Bu.  HaDi.,t.  ei.iDce.  Prod..l.p.fia.)  Dcn'i  UIU.,  1.  p.  SN. 
_    ..  _ ^  J  C.  oijiuai  taJA  Cat. 


Swmoiyma.    MitpUu  ulin  wau.  Emm.  A*. , 
Aunw^vl.     Wildit.  M  Kit.  Fl.  Kir.  Hung..  I.  S 

^Erb!Bfil,.  m  edit,  .01  Ti.  i  K«l  our  Al46. 


(A.«M,ln 


9. 6  4^ 


^pec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Leaves  ainuately  lobed,  and  serrated,  somewhat  wedg^ 
shaped,  though  tmncately  so,  at  the  base  ;  whitelyvillose  beneath.  StipuTes 
oblons,  serralely  cut.  Calyxes  villose;  the  lobes  slightly  toothed.  Styles 
5.  Fruit  black.  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  Hungary.  Height  15ft.  to 
SO  ft.,  throwing  up  numerous  suckers  from  its  widely  spreading  roots,  which 
soon  cover  the  ground  with  a  forest  of  bushes.  In  England,  where  it  is 
generally  propagated  by  grafting  on  the  common  thorn,  it  forms  a  very 
Handsome,  upright,  somewhat  fasdgiate  tree,  from  SOfl.  to  SOtl.  high,  put- 
ting forth  its  leaves,  in  mild  seasons,  in  Febniary  or  March.  Introduced  in 
1819.     Flowers  whitej   April  and  Hay.     Fnut  black;  ripe  in  July  and 

FariHy,     C.  fiisca  Jacq.,  judgins  from  a   seedling  plant  in  the  Hon.  Soc. 

Oanlen,  appears  to  belong  to  this  species. 

Nightii^es  are  said  to  be  attracted  by  this  tree,  probably  because  it  is  par- 
ticulariy  liable  to  be  attacked  by  msects,  and  because  numerous  caterpillars 


xxvi.  flosA  CE«:  cr/lTje'gus.  363 

are  to  be  found  on  it  about  the  time  when  the  nightingale  it  in  full  aong.  The 
seme  prDpertj  of  attracting  nightingnleB  is  ascribed  to  the  common  hawthorn, 
in  La  T^anie  du  Jardinage,  cf'c,  published  in  1 709. 

1   10.  C.  pukpv'rKii  Boic,     The  purple-Arancinf  Thorn. 

C  bwd.i  D«.  Prod,  a.p.  GW.i  DoD'lHlU.,  I.  p.KW. 

.  D«Dd.  BrlL,  l.fio.1  ourA.ew.  fai  p.Kl. ;  tba  pliu  of  Udi  ipAdt*  In  Artk 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  dark  purple.  Leaves  orate,  euneate  at  t}ie  base, 
lobed  with  broad  lobes,  serrated,  glabrous,  or  pubescent  beneath.  Stipules 
somewhat  circular,  serrated  with  ^landed  serratures.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Altaic  Mountains.  Height  6  ft  to  ID  fi.  Introauced 
in  1822.  Flowers  white ;  early  in  April ;  being  the  very  Erst  spedcs  of  Os- 
tEe'gns  that  comes  into  flower  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  excepting 
always  the  Olastonbury  thorn.  Fruit  dark  red  or  purple,  sometimes  yellow, 
very  succulent ;  ripe  in  July. 

4  C.p.  iaUmca;  C.tXtiaiA ljed.,Lod. Col.  (j^.69S.in  p. 393.); has  the 
leaves  somewhat  larger  than  the  species,  and  they  appear  a  little 

t,  rigid,  rather  slow-growine  tree,  without  thorns.  It  has 
J  and  is  not  densely  clothea  with  leaves.  It  has  a  starved 
and  somewhat  stunted  appearance,  and  is  readily  known  by  the  purple  colour 
of  its  young  shoots.  The  bark  of  the  old  wood  is  of  b  dark  purple  or  brown 
colour,  and  rough  and  scaly.  The  fhiit  is  small,  round,  and  most  commonly  of 
a  dark  purple ;  but  it  varies  to  pale  yellow,  or  a  milk  white,  and  red,  oi    "' 


}  vi.   DougWm. 

Seel.  Char,    Leaves  small,  and  not  tobed  as  in  the  precedii^  section ;  furnished 

with  numerous  parallel  nerves,  somewhat  like  those  of  C.  punctata.    8|unea 


364  ARBORETUM   BT   PRUTICETUM    BRITAKNICUM. 

rather  niunffoui  and  ri^d.    Fruit  nniill,  and  darii  purple;  pulp  m 
T  II.  C.  DocQLA^n  Lindl.    Dou^m'b  Thorn. 

lattt<faatim.    Bol.  B^-.t.  IMO.|  Lod.  CU,«dlt  im. 

EngTBrbi^.    BoL  Ra(..  1. 1810. J  <m M-  m. Is  p.m.)  tbc  plit*  or  Um  ipadoi  te  Ai 
)ft  dUI..  Tcd.  Tl.  1  ud  oat  A-  <"*■ 


Sptc,  Ch<r,,  4r.  Bnncbei  amending.  Bpinea  rigid,  Hruehtiih,  now  shorti 
DOW  very  long.  Leaves  some  obovate,  Bome  oral,  gBshedij  seiTBted,  acute; 
at  the  base  wedge-Bh^>ed,  ^abrou* ;  id  the  autumn,  remarkably  teathei;, 
and  they  then  acquire  a  purplish  cait,  and  are  shinii^.  (LbuU.)  A  shrub 
or  low  tree.  North-Weat  America.  HeifAt  10  h.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in 
18S7.  Rowers  white  ;  Haj,  Fruit  small,  dark  purple  ;  ripe  in  August. 
Decajnnc  leaves  purplish,  leathery,  shiniug,  felling  off  early,  like  those  of 
C,  puncuta  and  C.  fiyrif&lia.  Nakol  young  wood  purplish. 
This  is  a  very  distinct  sort,  more  particularly  as  it  respects  the  colour  of 

the  fruit,  end  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  leaves.     The  general  haUt  of  the 

Ct  it  bstigiate ;  and  it  is  one  of  the  latest  kinds  in  leafing  in  the  spring, 
flowen  and  fruit  are  produced  b  great  abundance,  and  both  are  very 
omaciental. 

J  vii.    ^va. 

Seel.  Char.  Leaves  small,  obovate,  slightly  lobed,  and  serrated.  Flowers  fi«- 
quently  solitary.  S|)ines  numerous,  strairiit,  and  mam  slender  than  in  any 
other  division.    Fruit  top,  or  pear,  shaped ;  yellow,  or  greenish  yellow. 

The  yellow^^wfatf  Thorn. 

I.  Ainn.  Sept.,  I.  p.  Hi.  I  !><(.  TnA,  X 

p.  MB.,  not  sf  WiU-iMqilliulUdwdiM 
US. ;    C.  SiTlHhu  Burl.  \    C.  ?  turtiteMa 

£w^^i  Bol.  Rag.,  t.  ISS9.;A-«S.lDp.S4.i  UxpUMorthaqmlHlnAiti.  Brit.,  luedM., 
•oI.tI.;  waioarjlt.6t». 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Disks  of  leaves  obovato-wedge^haped,  sligbtiy  lobed,  cre- 
nately  serrate,  upon  short  petioles.  Stipules  ^nded.  Flowers  modtly 
soUtary.  Sepals  glaoded.  rniit  top-sh(q)ed,  yellow,  or  yellowish  greea. 
Nuts  4  in  a  miit.  {Dec.  Prod.)     A  low  sprwling  tree.     Horth  America. 


XXTI.    ROSA  CEiE  :    CJI/lTJEOVS. 


(tota    Virginia  to   Carolina.     Hdght 

Flowers  white;  May.     Hawa  yellow  i 

rich  yellow. 

The  flowers  and  the  fruit  are  neither  n 
great  show ;  but  the  tree  haa  a  marked 
the  boriiODtal  tendency  of  its  branches. 

1   13.  C.  (F.)  loba'ta  Bote. 


15  ft.  to  80  ft.     Introduced  in   1724. 
ripe  in  October.     Decaying  leaves 


The  lobed-/einv(f  Thorn. 

on't  Hill.,  t  p.  W9. 


a  little  ?illose.  Disks 
or  lekve*  ovate, 
quail  V  Krrated,  or 
lobed,  sligbtl;  downy 
beneath,  upon  very 
short    petioles.      Su- 

Culea  cut.    Flowers  in 
KMe  corymbs.  {Dec. 

Prod.)   A  tree  closely 

resembling  C.  Skta  in 

general      appearance. 

native    country    nip. 

posed  to  be  America. 

Hdght  10  ft.  to  15  ft. 

Introduced    in    1619. 

Flowers  white ;  Hay. 

Pnrit  green ;  ripe  in  October. 

Kfifering  from  C-  flilva  in  havmg  aom 
some  of  the  sjunes  laner.   The  flowers 
tufts  of  leaves  j  and  tne  fruit,  which  it  ^ 
It  is  pear-shaped,  and  very  different  from 
except  C.  Skn  and  C.  f.  trilobita. 


of  the  leaves  with  larger  lobes,  and 
re  sparingly  produced,  amongst  dense 
,reen  when  ripe,  is  still  less  abundant. 
that  of  every  other  kind  of  C^ts'gus, 


366  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRtTANMCUH. 

1  ii.  C.  (r.)  TRILOBA 'TA  Ladd.  Cat.     The  three-lobed-Ananf  Thorn. 

UaHficmOim.    LnU.  Cml.,  Edit,  Ittl. 
StimmMme'    C.  tplnoAlutmm  Lte. 
Atrawimg.    Fig.  1\K.  \a  p.  t». 

^lec.  Char„  ^c.  Leaves  or&te-<ftineate,  notched  and  Benated.  Petioles 
slender.  Surftce  flat,  shinins,  aomewhat  vmied.  Branches  Bmall,  thickly 
beiet  with  slender  thoma.  Habit  spreading.  A  hybrid,  nused  froni  seed 
ID  the  Hnminentniith  Nursery,  about  1820,  or  before,  tt  forms  a  tree  in 
general  appearence  resembliiig  C.  flava,  but  with  the  branches  much  less 
vigorous,  and  roore  thorny.  The  fruit  is  yellow,  slightly  tinged  with  red  ; 
and  what  distiDguishes  it  from  the  two  alhed  sorts  is,  that  its  leaves  die  off, 
in  autumn,  of  an  intensely  deep  scarlet. 

j  viJL  Apiijblia:. 
Seel.  Char.     Leaves  deltoid,  or  somewbat  resembliiu  those  of  the  common 
thorn.     The  fruit  is  also  of  the  ume  colour ;  but  the  tree  has  a  totally  dif- 
ferent habit,  having  the  shoots  loose  and  spreading,  vreak,  and  almost  without 

1   15.  C.  ^iifo'lia  Micki.     The  Parsley-leaved  Thorn. 
/dcnUbotiH.    MicbLFl.  Bar.  AiiHr.,Lp.M7..[Ki«cifH«l. ;  Due.  Pr<iil..l.p.efr.iDoo'iHIU. 

ftp.  ua 

^iHWHO.    C.OtjitkatbtlVaU.  Carol.  \*t.;  Ca^BM^B^otLoM.  Cat. 

Satratiiifl.    1^.  nn:liip.aw.i  tbcpUWln  ArikBrlt,  lit€att..niL  >l.i  iDdawA' »l. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  deltoid,  cut  into  lobes  that  are  acute  and  indsely 
toothed.  Pedicels  in  the  corymb  villose,  mostly  simple.  Tube  of  calyx 
villose.  SepKis  obscurelv  serrated.  Fruit  scarlet.  {Dec.  Preil.)  A  low 
spreading  tree  with  flexible  branches.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  in  moist  woods. 
Height  10 ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  m  1818.  Flowers  white;  May  and  Jud& 
Haws  scarlet ;  ripe  in  October.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yeUow. 

1  C.  a.  9  miiur,  C.  apiifftlia  Lodd.  Cat.  (j!g.  701.  in  p.  395.),  has  the 
leaves  smaller  than  those  of  the  species,  and  raore  fringed  at  the 


XXTt.   BOSACES:    ffRATAODS. 


It  this  fringed  appeanace 
—  the  metxs.    Thi* 


M^es,  Ifte  tboM  of  the  I 

ia  b^  DO  mrans  coostmt. 

Tanetj  forms  a  moat  omamoital  low  buril ; 

high,  a  beaoliftd  pendent  tree. 

j  ix.  Mieroearpa. 

SetL  Char.  Fruit  arall,  rouml,  red.  Flowers  nnall,  produced  in  cofTmbs, 
later  in  the  season  than  in  anj  of  the  other  spedea.  Spines  few,  but  some- 
timei  very  large. 


XvmiiVL    HDL  k- 1,  m.  i  WMi.  DcDd,  BrU. 


sen.     The  heart-shaped-Jnnvtf  Thorn. 

r.^    t  ^  an  .  ivm-.  moI.,  a.  n.  es9. 

.  po^nMlU  IVmlt.  Cur.  I' 


s« 


^ptv.  dar^  ^e.  Disks  of  leBvee  conJate-orate,  angled  bj  lobes,  glabrous, 
Vt&iet  and  caljxes  without  glands.  Styles  fi  in  a  flower.  {Dec.  Fmd.) 
A  cooipact,  ckM&headed,  small  tree,  with  leaves  of  a  deep  sUning  green. 
Canada  to  Virpnia,  in  hedges  and  rockj  places.  Height  80  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Introduced  in  1738.  Flowo^  white,  in  numerous  terminal  coryniba  ;  Hay 
and  June.     Fruit  tmall,  scarlet  j  rqie  in  Octobca'. 


,'ta   EUoU.     The  Epathula-tAi^inl^nnwif  Thorn. 


tmmimrma.    C.mlmtti 
ta  MTirit,  lit  adit., 


(.  Ri«.,l.]HB.iA,  lot.  In 


st°a\. 


AKf .  Our.,  ^c.     Subspioose.     Leaves  in  fascicles,  oblong  ci 

lobed  and  crenated,  smooth,  shining.     Corymtis   many-Ik) wered.      Calyx 
Bsoooth;  segments  ovate,  quite  enlire.     Fruit  ovate,  subrotund,  smooth. 


AnnnnrriiM  rt  fRVTicrrvM  BRiTAMificuH. 


S-celled  |  iliell  ihin.  (lAndi.)  A  low  trw  t  In  Enriuid  a  ahrub,  unlns 
when  araflsil  ttaniUnl  high.  Ooorgia  and  CarolinR.  Height  18  ft.  to  lA  ft.  i 
In  Bn|(lNnil  6  ft.  (o  fi  ft,  Introduced  In  1806.  Plowen  white  |  May  and 
June.    Fruit  bright  red  i  rljie  in  Uclobcr. 

1  C,  I.  9  grirgUv .    C.  gedrglcB  Lod, — Lcavei  5.1obe«l,  on  longer  foot- 
Ikn,  nnd  rather  imRller  than  rhe  apoclca.    Thia  Turiety  and  the 


italkn,  and  rather  imaller  than  rhe  apoclca. _,  —  .... 

■iievlea  wore  killed  to  the  ground  In  the  winter  at  1837-8.  (Sec  Gard. 

Mag,  vol.  Rvl.  |i.  a.) 
A  «liiw-|tn>wln|[,  very  neat,  little  buih  or  tree,  with  alender,  amooth,  droop- 
ing lirenclica,  and  uiinething  or  the  habit  or  C.  Oayadtntha.  Ita  leaves  have  a 
very  Imndaunie  n|i|icarance,  and  are  rcnKU-kably  ahining,  and  deep  preen:  ihey 
uniially  gmw  In  cliiaton  |  have  a  long  atnlk,  tapering  upwards  into  a  blade, 
whicli  l«  i«>nirtlniei  nearly  entire,  with  only  a  tooth  or  two  at  the  end  i  eoow- 
llmei  Ihey  are  y-lobed,  with  trenaled  tegmenta  i  and  occaaionidly  the;  are 
deeply  H-iHtrtnl  i  their  form  ii  alwayt  more  or  leu  tpathulatc.  The  atiptdee 
of  the  more  fisnraua  brnnchoa  arc  largo  and  leaFV.  The  flowers  are  white, 
nnd  appear  at  the  lame  time  as  thoio  of  C.  cordita.  The  ftuit  ia  t«ther 
abundant,  but  amall. 

j  X.    Acaroli. 

r  pe«r-atiaped  [  pood   to  eat ;    yellow  or 


red(  the  yellow  ..  .  ,  ^         . 

and  the  ml  on  treee  with  a  tprvading  and  rather  a  drooling  heed.     Leavca 

weilgc-ahapeil,  3-clcft  or  more,  aliining,  pubeeccnt  or  hairy.      Sfunea  few  or 

T  18.  C.  AUKO'IVS  L.    Tlie  Anrole  Thorn. 

nirt'tM*  il«i  l'l.»«,  JVi'Am'tIMIiwI,  Bit.  I . 

Kw-,n«wt.    N.  r)ii)lH<v,t.  I.  >v,  D«L  A^,t.tn.[j%.  na.l*|>.»r,,UHplMatmArh.BiiU 
lit  rin..  tri.  •!,  i  tiA  oatM-  *M. 

SfM^.  nnr.,  4^.    Leave*  pubcecent,  wedn-ahi^ied  at  the  base,  trifid ;  lobe* 
bluntanuwithRfewlargcteeih.  Branchlet*,n>(7inba,andca]yxeapubeac<a>t 


XXVI.  lto«A''cEjK:  l-KATJSVni*. 


Sraala  obtuse.  Stjlea  I— 3  Fnilt  globono,  ku\h.  AmhIi  unuitlly  Iwni 
and  henco  the  name,  common  at  Montpotier,  jMMMrifH  i  dm*  diitn,  (l>rr, 
Fnd.)  A  low  tree,  never  feund  wild  ai  a  buRh,  8oiitli  nf  fronrc  iniil 
lEalv,  in  Bmall  woods  and  in  roush  placei,  Ilolitht  BO  ft.  to  30  ft  i  In  Itnj^ 
land  10  ft,  to  eo  ft.  Introttucod  In  lOSe.  Floweri  whlto  i  May  iml  Jiiiii>, 
Fruit  rod  j  ripe  in  September.  Leavei  drop  with  the  Bnt  ftoit,  williuiit 
much  change  of  colour. 

Varietiri.  In  the  youvtau  Du  Uamel,A\  varietlos  are  eniimerntcd,  f  U,  i —  I, 
jifespilui  jlrdnia,  with  the  leaveii  hair;  beneath  |  B.  Auiruln,  with  Inrue  ilrru 
rcd&uit)  9.  Azarole,  with  yellowlih  whlto  IVult  i  4.  Ainrnle,  with  lung 
fruit  of  ■  whitiih  yellow  |  S.  Axarolo,  with  ilniilile  ftiiwrm  j  nnd,  1.  tiie 
White  A»rolc  of  Italy.  With  the  oxcoptliin  of  the  flrst'itientlotinl,  iiiinti 
or  thoM  Tarictiet,  at  ftr  aa  we  know,  arc  In  llritlali  (tnrdiriis. 
Tlic  fruit,  when  ripe,  ii  mealy,  and  somewhat  i 

Levant,  it  is  occaibnally  sent  to  table. 


t    10,    C.    {A.)   MAKOCcVl 

DtCindafta'nji 


L  Feri.     The 

Prod.,  I.  f.  *W,  1  tin 


ES-Ki 


Spec.  C^ar.,  ifc.  LeaTCS  wedge-shaped,  S-lohed. 
^andleas.  Stipules  cut,  rather  palmately.  Flo 
in  tenninsl  glatirous  corymbs,  nepals  obtuse, 
baodsome  pyramidal  low  tree,  with  darli-colaurc 
Mount  Sinai  and  St,  Catherine  i  and  ?  Mororc 
Flowers  pure  white,  very  Trapwit  i  J4ay  and  Ju 
October. 

(toady  resembling  C.  Atarihi*,  Iwt  smaller  in  all 
lenee  very  euiy  in  ifie  season,  in  mild  winters  ever 
them  very  late.  It  is  a  somII,  but  decided  tree, 
of  the  handnomcst  specie*  of  the  gemM.    Hortiruli 


•   FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUH. 


S-celled ;  ihell  thin.  (LituH.)  A  low  tree ;  in  Eneland  b  ehrub,  unless 
when  crafted  standard  hi^.  Georgia  and  Carolina.  Height  12  ft.  to  15  ft.  j 
in  England  6ft.  to  8 ft.  Introduced  in  1806.  Flowen  white;  May  and 
June.    Fruit  bright  red ;  ripe  in  October. 

4  C.a.2georgfca.    C.  gedrgica  Lad. —  Loaves  5-bbed,  on  longer   (bot- 
■talks,  and   rather  smaller  than  the  species.     This  Tariety  and  the 
species  were  killed  Co  the  ground  in  the  winter  of  1B37-S.  (Sec  Gord^ 
Mag;  Tol.  xvi.  p.  3.) 
A  slow-growing,  very  neat,  little  bush  or  tree,  with  slender,  smooth,  droop- 
ing branches,  and  something  of  the  habit  of  C.  Ox^ac&ntha.     Its  leaves  have  a 
very  handsome  appearance,  and  are  remarkably  shining,  and  deep  peta :  they 
usually  grow  in  clusters ;  have  a  long  stalk,  tapering  upwards  mto  a  blade, 
which  is  sometimes  nearly  entire,  with  only  a  tootn  or  two  at  the  end;  some- 
times they  are  3-lobed,  with  crenated  segments  ;  and  occasionally  they  are 
deeply  S-parted  ;  their  form  is  always  more  or  less  spathubte.     The  stipules 
of  the  more  vigorous  branches  are  large  and  leafy.     The  flowers  are  white, 
and  appear  at  the  tame  time  as  those  of  C.  cordAta.     The  fruit  is  rather 
■bundant,  but  small. 

$  X.    Azaroli. 

Seel.  Char,    Fruit  lar^    round  or  pear-sh^ied ;  good  to  eat;   yelloi 
red ;  the  yellow  fruit  generally  produced  on  fastigiate  eq)edea  or  varie 
and  the  red  on  trees  with  a  spreading  and  rather  a  drooping  head.     Leaves 
wedge-shaped,  3.cleft  or  more,  shining,  pubescent  or  hairy.      Spines  few  or 

I   18.  C.  AZMHO'tVS  L.     Hie  Aiarole  Thorn. 

.  Sp..  ess.)  Dm.  Prod., I.  p. en.)  Don'>Hii).,i.p.soa. 

I  /larilml  Scop.  Cun.  No.  EST,  1.  Bmuh.  Hlit.   i.  p.  SI.  i    Jfinlitu  /ttarilut 
I  Hun.  4.  p.l».l    NtUn  AiuoU,  KfBIr  de  NaplH,  B')rias  d'ApiciH,  Pcm- 

B^^a^i.     B.DulUni.,i.  1.41.1  Bot  RBp.,t.'li7B.  lA.  JOS.lDp.an.;  the  pUla  ta  Aib.  Bill., 

Spec.  CAar,,  ^c.     Leaves  pubescrat,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  trifid;  lobea 
blunt,  and  with  a  few  large  teeth.  Branchleta,corynibB,and  calyxes  pubescent. 


XXVI.   ROSA  CEX  :    CRAT«  flUB. 


8<na]8  obtuse.  Stjlea  1 — 3  Fhik  globose,  scarlet  Seeds  usually  two ; 
anu  hence  the  name,  common  at  Monlpelier,  pommeltet  a  deux  cloiei.  (Dec. 
Pmd.')  A  low  tree,  nerer  found  wild  as  a  bush.  South  of  France  and 
Italy,  in  small  woods  snd  in  rotigh  places.  Hdght  80  fl.  to  30  ft  t  in  En^ 
huid  10  ft.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers  white ;  May  and  June. 
Fruit  rcdj  ripe  in  Septembo-.  Leaves  drop  with  the  first  frost,  without 
much  change  or  colour. 

Varictie*,  In  the  Xouveau  Dti  Hamel,  di  varieties  are  enumerated,  vii. :  —  1 . 
Mespilus  ilrdnia,  with  the  leaves  hairy  beneath ;  8.  Aiarole,  with  large  deep 
red  fruit :  3.  Azarole,  with  yellowish  white  Truit ;  4.  Azarole,  with  long 
fniit  of  a  whitish  yellow ;  fi.  Azarole,  with  double  flowers ;  and,  6.  the 
White  Aianile  of  Itdy.  With  the  exception  of  the  fint-mentioned,  none 
of  these  varieties,  as  nr  a*  we  know,  arc  in  British  gardens. 


1  Ifl.   C.  (A.)  HABOccA^NA  Pert.     The  Morocco  Thom. 


Bufrir^iM    BM.  B^..  lUA.  {/If-  iOT.  Is  p.  >».  |    Uia  pUs  tn  Alb.  BrlL,  ll 

SpM,  C^ar.,  4"'.  Leaves  wedge.«haped,  3-1obed,  and  fdnnadSd,  glabrous, 
glendleas.  Stipules  cut,  rather  palmatelj.  Flowers  upon  long  ^uncles, 
in  tenninal  glabrous  corymbs.  Sqwis  obtuse.  Styles  i,  (Dee.  Prod.)  A 
handsome  pyramidal  low  tree,  with  dark-coloured  branches.  Palestine,  on 
Mount  Sinai  and  St.  Catherine;  and  ?  Morocco.  Height  15  ft.  to  3d  ft. 
Flowers  pure  white,  very  fragrant ;  Hay  and  June.     Fhiit  scarlet ;  ripe  in 


Closely  rcscmhiine  C.  AtarHui,  but  smaller  in  all  its  parts.  It  produces  i 
leaves  very  early  in  the  season,  in  mild  winters  even  in  Jnnuory  ;  and  it  retai 
them  very  late.  It  is  a  small,  but  decided  tree,  and  may  be  considered  o 
of  the  handsomest  spedes  of  the  genus.     Horticultural  Society's  Oarden 


AKBORETUM    *T    ynilTICETUM    BBirANNICl'M. 


\  Bote.     The  Aronia  Thorn. 
Don-i  Mill.,  1  p.  (01. 
[.  uid  N.  Dm  Bam.  4.  p.  IS 


XXVI.    ROBA  CEJB,  :    CRATX'uVB.  371 

in  S  otituae  mucronate  teeih.  Fruit  yellov.  (Dix,  Prtid.)  An  erect-bnuiched 
low  tree.  Oreece  and  the  Levnat.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in 
1810.  Flowers  white;  Huy  and  June.  Hawa  yellow,  smooth,  hirge,  suc- 
culent, mgreeabte  to  eat ;  ripe  in  August  and  Sepleiiil>er,  and  hanging  un 
the  tree  till  the  leaves  drop  in  Noveuiber  or  December.  NakecT  young 
wood  dark-coloured. 


i  81.  Coribnta'lis  Bntc.    The  Eastern  Thorn. 

WfuftftuWwi.  &o«  iBoli  Bot.tUp-.t  tea;  Daii'iHI11.,l.|i.Ecn 
%inwiH>.  Miiplln  ortntllb  r«n.  >Dd  Pair.  Smat.  *.  p.  1% 
Lai:  CM.  i  C.  uuoMiMU  lu.  d  Udrtci  Dtc.  PmLi.  f.  «S. 


•u.  a  Ullrtci  Dtc.  Pn 

.lj6.70S.lnp.8M,H 


Spec,  dor.,  ^.  Branches  whitely  lomentose.  Leaves  3-)obed,  downy  be- 
neath ;  the  two  ride  lobes  ovate,  and  having  tooth-like  incisions  at  the  tip; 
the  middle  lobe  trifid.  Stipules  broad  and  cut.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  spread- 
iutree.  Levant.  Height  I5ft.  to  aoft.  Introduced  in  1810.  Ffowers 
wute  ;  May  and  June.  Haws  numerous,  large,  yellowish  red  or  coral 
colour,  rery  agreeable  to  the  taste ;  ripe  in  August  and  September,  and  re- 
■     w  after  the  leaves. 


Varietv. 

f  C.  o.  2  langtibiea,    C.  sangutnea  Sdirader  Index  Sem.  Horl.  Acad.  GoH. 


1B3+,  C.  orientalis  Ltadl.  Bot  Reg.  t.  1858.,  and  ^.  709,  i  . 
398.,  has  the  fhiit  of  a  very  dark  purplish  red,  or  port  wine,  colour. 
Dr.  Lindley  considers  this  "  the  genuine  Afespilua  orientilis  of 
Tournefort,  with  villous  cder}'-like  leaves,  and  a  laige,  purple,  5- 
comered,  smooth  fruit,"  which  descripCioo,  we  think,  indicates  rather 


072  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

the  rollowing  species.     It  is  a  native  of  the  Crimea,  and  the  parts 
borderine  on  the  Block  Sea  i  and  was  introduced  in  1610,     On  ac- 
count of  the  colour  of  its  fruit,  and  the  abuudance  in  which  it  is 
produced,  it  deserves  a  place  in  every  collection. 
Readilj  distinguished  from  most  other  species  by  its  very  hoary  branches, 
which  are  loose,  rambling,  croaaing  each  other,  and  somewhat  pendulous.     It 
It  late  in  producing  its  leaves,  and  also  its  flowers  ■■  the  latter  generally  appear 
with  those  of  C.  tanacetifdlia,  about  the  end  of  May  (in  1836,  on  the  ITth  of 
June). 

t  22.  C.  ianacbtifo'lia  Pert.     The  Tansy-leaved  Thorn. 

liltBtf/laMm.    Vat.  Sn.,1  P. U. ;  Dec.  Pro4.,  lp.«a.  i  Dnci'i  Hill..!.  p.W. 

biiuwwi,     Hittaiu  uoPKdltMU  FcIt.  Did.  L  p.  440..  ud  K.  Dm  Ham.:   JT.  ^nU* Dm. 

Omh:  Sm.  EitO.  t.  SB.  {  DsCuuMIe  dmibu  wtiMher  Mtiplliu  Cdi^Au  Dum.  Court.  BuipfA. 

p.  Mfi.  be  dkfltorent  from  thit  ipecin  {  Luiarualaliirco,  Ao/. 
Ei^avinfl.     Bat.  Riip..  t.  nai.:  Sm.  Biot.  But.,  t.  K-i  Bot.  Reg.,  I8M.  IJtT'  TIO.  lap,  n8.(  Ul* 

pIiulD  Arb.  Brll..  luedlt..  nl.rl.;  and  botAi-SM. 


^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  pinnatifidly  cut,  hairy ;  lobes  oblong,  acute,  having 
a  few  teeth.  Sepals  acutish,  re'fleied,  hairy.  Styles  5.  Fruit  slobose, 
yellowish  green.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  robust-growing  iastigiate  tree,  with  up- 
right rigid  branches,  commonly  terminating  in  thorny  points.  Levant.  Heigot 
SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  )TS9.  Flowers  white  ;  Bfay  and  June.  Hawi 
large,  yellow  j  ripe  in  October. 

t  C.  t.2gii*7w  Lodd.  <j%.  711.  in  p.398. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit^  IM 
edit.,  vol.  vij  and  our  £;.  65tl.)_  has  shining leavea,  and  fruit  ^boat 
half  the  size  of  that  of^the  species,  of  a  reddish  yellow.  A  hybrid 
between  C.  lanacetifolia  and  C.  Oxyacintha.  Introduced  from  Ger- 
many about  1810. 

t  C.1.3 Celnkna.  Jf^apilus  Celsi^a  Dumont  dc  Cours.,  vol.  vii.  p.  286. i 
C.  I.  S  heeAta  Arb.  Brit.  Ist  ed.;  C,  incisa  Lee.  (j^.  712.  in 
p.  399. ;  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lat  edit.;  and  our  j%.  660.) — Some- 
what resembling  C.orientilis  ;  but  the  leaves  much  larger,  and  more 
deeply  cut,  and  the  trees  of  a  more  robust,  erect,  and  fastigi ale  habit. 
Fruit  large,  yellow.  Cultivated  by  Gels,  and  supposed  by  Dumont  de 
Courset  to  be  a  native  of  Persia  or  the  Levant.  Erroneously  nud 
to  have  been  raised  in  the  Hammersmith  Nursery.    A  splendid  tree. 


XXVI.    ROSA'CEX  :    CRAT^'CI 


.._  .  ._  _^^ ,  __jm  it«  larirc 

strong,  upright,  vigorous  shoots. 


374  unBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUH    BRlTANNICtlM. 

The  leaves  and  calyxes  are  covered  on  both  sides  witb  long  hain.  The 
globular  slightly  compressed  fruit  has  somewhat  the  appeRrance  of  bdag 
ribbed  like  a  mdoa  ;  is  lar^  than  that  of  any  other  species  of  the  genus,  ex- 
cept C.  jlrdnia  aud  C.  mexicana;  ereenish  ^dlow  when  ripe  ;  and  easily  dia- 
dnguishable  by  the  bracteaa  generally  adhenng  to  iL  The  foliage  is  the  latest 
in  appearing  of  any  of  the  speden,  except  Corientilis,  frequently  equally  late. 

j  xi.   HeterophyUa. 
Sect.  Char.    Leaves  cuneate,  and  aub-pernstent.    Fruit  long,  iniddle^dted. 


Flagge.    The  wiouBJeaved  Thorn. 
9.  p. lis.  I. (S. I  Dec.Pii>ii,i.p,«».(i>on'iHm.,i.|i.«oo.i 


SvTton^tnei.    C.  dupoILUdi 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c,  Leavea  bright,  falling  off*  late,  lanceolate-cuneate,  toothed 
at  the  apex,  S^eleft ;  segments  serrate.  Tube  of  the  calyx  fiiaiform.  C;fnK8 
many-liowered.  Flowers  1-styled.  Fruit  ovate,  induJing  one  nut,  with  a 
hard  bony  shell,  and  one  seed.  Stipules  Isrge,  pinnatifid.  (LauU.)  A  low 
tree,  witn  ascending  branches.  Native  country  uncertain,  most  probably 
the  South  of  Furopc  ;  possibly  a  hybrid  between  the  common  hawthorn, 
and  the  azarole,  or  some  other  species.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Cultivated 
in  1S16.  Flowers  white,  produced  in  great  abundance  i  May.  Fruit  rich 
crimson,  resembling  in  shape  that  of  the  common  hawthorn,  but  narrower ; 
ripe  in  September  and  October. 
A  very  handsome  and  most  desirable  si>cdes ;  producing  its  leaves  and 

flowers  early  in  the  spring,  and  retaining  its  leaves  and  ^t  till  the  fint 

autumnal  frosts. 


XXTI.    nOSA  CEiC  :    CKATM  OUS. 


{  xii.    Oxyacdntlue. 


Sect.  Char.     Leaves  obovHte,  trifid,  or  TBrioutlj  cut.     Flowen  numeroua,  in 
Gorjniibs.     Fruit  generally  red. 


StmoKvma.     TlM  Fjncutbft   of  th«  Grnk*  ; 
E'i^B  bluchB,  wblo  B-plna,  Boll  da  Nil,  Bcu 


t  0«rM.  ud  W.  IMi  AoM 


tutrthoTD  tlgnLiy  heddechorn.  Quick  il^flei  IWe;  tnd  wb,  prob^j*  Applied,  t^mliTe  hedBoi 
puds  of  hawthorn  b^i  lusd  InlUad  of  renm  ol  dead  briDcbH  of  U«*.  Whltettiarn,  (torn  Un 
'  u  oblu  SmtH  ind  lu  bHnr  Ihsro]',  or  pOHlblF  rrom  lu  vhlU  buk,  u  Knnpuvd 
' '  'lUloni,  I>rilniu  iplnbia.  UtJ  ind  Hinhiuli  blTS  ratenm  bMfa  lu  Itw  Urns  of 
It,  ud  to  lu  UH  In  lbs  Vmi  at  flonl  gtmtt.  Tbe  Fniich  nune  Aubiplni, 
If  In  fpriiw,  or  In  wbat  nutj  pofldeallir  bs  call«d  Iba  momliv  of  Uw  yeu ; 

,       ainihigiif  uiediT. 

^tmAu*'    una.  Pmct.,  3;  t.  87.  i  1 
BiiL,  in  (dtt.,  nri.  il.  I  ud  our  A- « 


^pec.  f7jW.,  ^c  LeSTea  oboTBte-wedge-ahaped,  almoBt  entire  or  trifid  or  cut, 
glebrouE,  nther  glossf.  Corymbs  of  sev^el  flowers.  S^lt  glandlesi, 
acute.  Stylea  I — 3.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  ehrub  or  low  tree.  Europe,  com- 
mon in  bet^ies,  and  varying  much  in  diflerent  ait  '  "' 
Hay.     Haws  red  or  scarlet ;  ripe  in  Sqitember, 

VatieSa,  These  are  very  numerous,  and  some  of  them  very  distinct.  In  the 
following  enumeration  we  hare  confined  ourselves  to  such  be  we  have  ac- 
tually seen  in  the  Uort.  Soc.  Garden,  or  in  the  arboretum  of  Uesara. 
Lod^ges. 

A.  VaHetiet  £J^ringfrom  the  Sjiecict  in  the  general  Form  and  Mode  o/GmwUi. 
f  C.  O.  2  iMela  Lodd.  Cut.,  C.  O.  rfgida  Rrmaldt,  (the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit. , 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


^ll 


lit  edit,,  vol.  vi.  ;  and  our^.  663.)  hai  the  shoots  upright,  ard  the 

Seneral  habit  as  fastigiaCe  aa  that  of  a  Lombard;  poplar.  It  waa 
iscovered  in  a  bed  of  seedlings  ia  Messrs.  Ronald's  Nursery,  about 
I82A,  and  fonns  a  very  distinct  and  desiTable  variely. 
T  C.  O.  3  pindala  Lodd.  Cat.  has  droopius  branches.  A.  refy  marked 
variety  of  this  kind,  which  waa  setected  from  a  bed  of  seedlings  by 
General  Honckton,  is  said  to  be  in  the  collection  of  thorns  at  Somcr- 
ford  Hall. 


d  our  Jig.  664- )— The  pvent  ti 


XXTi.  roba'ceie:  CBATM'ava.  S77 

B  garden  near  Edinburgh,  vhich  once  belonged  to  the  Resent  Murrsf. 
Ic  is  very  old,  and  its  branches  have  somewhat  of  a  drooping  cha- 
racter I  but  whether  sufficiently  so  to  constitute  a  Tartety  worth 
propagating  as  a  distinct  kind  appears  to  ua  very  doubtliil.   (Lodd.) 

t  C.  O.  5  CeUAia  Horl.  is  also  somewhat  fiutigiete  in  its  habit ;  but  it  is 
B  much  more  slender-crowing  plant ;  aud  we  have  never  seen  a  spe- 
cimen in  B  Rtuation  where  h  could  display  iti  natural  form  and  mode 
of  growth. 

T  C.  O.  6  tapilila  Smith  of  Ajt  differs  from  the  species  chiefly  in  being 
of  a  somewhat  moie  faadgiBte  habit,  and  in  producing  its  flowers  in 
close  heads,  mostly  at  the  extremities  of  its  branches. 

1  C.  O.  Tfleruiia  Smith  of  Ayr  has  the  smaU  branches  twisted  in  a  zig- 
n%  manner.    Horticultural  Sodet/s  Oarden. 

B.  VarUtiet  d^firing  in  the  Co/our  of  iht  Floaert. 

1  C.  O.  errMM  Hort.;  E'pinter  Marron,  Fr.  (fig.126.  in  p.  401.)  i  has 
the  [>etak  pink,  with  white  daws,  and  is  a  wdljmown  and  very 
beaudfiil  variety. 

I  C.  O.  9  pmAxa  Lodd.  Cat.,  C.  O.  r6iea  «up6^  Horl.,  has  larger  pe- 
Uia,  which  are  of  b  dark  red,  and  without  white  on  the  claws. 

C  Farietiei  di^rmg  in  tit  Deethptmait  or  Structure  of  the  Flawen. 
1  CO.  10>i>£A^«Hort.C.  0.fl6repl^oHor(.  (^.  729.  in  p.  401.), 

has  double  white  flowers,  which  die  off  of  a  Imutiful  pink  ;  and 

which,  being  produced  iu  great  profiinon,  and  lasting  a  long  time, 

render  this  a  most  desirable  variety  :  accordingly,  it  ii  to  be  found 

in  almost  every  shrubbery  and  garden. 
t  C.O.M  pwi^cea,fiire^inoYian. — Flower*  double,  nearly  as  dark  and 

brilliant  as  C.  0.  punlcea.     Imported  in  f  1038,  by  Ur.  Masters  of 

Canterbury. 
T  C.  O.  IS  moK^^NO,  C.  mondgvna  Jacq^  has  flowers  with  only  one 

rtvle,  like  C.  O.  nbirica,  but^oes  not  flower  early  like  that  variety. 
I  C.  O.  13  i^ilala  Lodd.  Cat.  — This  remarkable  variety  has  the  flowers 

without  petals,  or  very  nearly  so. 

D.  Farietiet  during  tn  tie  Tbue  of  Flowering. 

T  C.  O.  14  pnx'cox  Horu,  the  Glastonbury  Thorn,  comes  into  leaf  in 

January  or  Pebruaiy,  and  sometimes  even  in  autumn ;  so  that  occ*- 

■ionally,  in  mild  seasons,  it  may  be  in  flower  on  Christmas-day. 
I  C  0.  15  iiUrica,  C.  sibirica  L«dd.  C 

(Jig.  666.),  is  an  early  leafing  variet 

In   mild  seasons,  it  begins  to  pui 

January ;  and  in  dry  summers  it 

loses  tiiem  proportionately  soon 

m  the  autumn.     On  account  of   ^ 

its  early  leafing  and  flowering,  it 

well  merits  a  place  in  collections. 

The  flowers  have  only  one  style ;  « 

but,  as  there  are  other  varieties 

bavins  only  one  style  which  do    , 

not  nower   early,  we  have  not 

adopted  Linnceus'a  name  of  C. 

mouigyna   to   this  variely,    but  «u.  co.  dbw. 

to  another,  a  native  of  Britain, 

which  does  not  flower  earlier  than  the  common  bawtfaora. 
T  C.  O.  16  trtmtylB&ittca  Bootb,fitmi  the  plant  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Oarden, 

appears  to  be  nearly,  if  not  quite,  the  mme  as  C.  O.  sibirica- 


'8  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITAKMICUM. 

E.  Farietia  djgrriag  m  tlx  Colour  of  lie  FrvU, 
•J  C.  O.  17  iMlanaeirj>a,C.  ftssa  Let,  C.  OxjacinthH  platypbjlU  Lodd. 
Col.,   C.  platyphyUa   Lind/.   in   Bol.   Reg.   t.  167*.,    (fig.  718.   in 
p.  400. ;  Uie  plate  in  Arb,  BriL,  1st  edit.,  vol.  ri..  wd  our  fg.  660.) 


alio  baa  the  frmt  black,  as  the  name  bnpliea.  It  A\Ben  from  tbe 
preceding  varietj  ctuefl^  in  being  of  more  Tigorou*  growth  g  in  haviog 
Its  leaves  of  h  deep  rich  green,  and  in  floveriog  a  week  later.  A 
splendid  low  tree,  desernug  a  place  b  era;  nrflf^tioo. 


f  O.  O.  18  O&Mrttiia  ■   C.  OVnaHtna  Boac,  Dec.  Prod.  li.  p.630.,  and 


XXVI.    BOSA^CEJE. :    CRAT^'OUS.  370 

Don's  Mill.  li.  p.601.;  C.  Oliv^na  Lodd.  Cat. ;  C.  orientilU  Lodd. 
Col.,  Sol.  Reg.t.  1953.  (^.719.  in  p.  400.;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit. 
1st  edit.,  vol.ri. ;  and  our  i^.  667.) ;  has  the  leaves  small  and  boaiy, 
and  the  thiit  also  small  and  black.  A  very  distinct  rarietj.  Hort.  8oe. 
1  C.0.l9airea  Hon.,  C.  flkitL.  Horl.  (^.-123.  in  p.4fli.).  hu  the 
Jesves  like  C.  0.  obtusata,  and  the  fruit  roundish,  and  of  a  golden 
yellow.     This  is  a  very  distiDCt  variety,  and  ou^t  never  to  be  omitted 


1  C.  O.  SO  aaranHaca  Booth  is  said  to  have  orange-^olonred  fruit ;  but 
there  are  only  small  plants  of  it  io  the  London  gardens.  Mr.  Wil- 
son found,  in  Ayrshire,  a  Tariety  with  greenish  orange  trnit.  (HuotJ) 

y  C.  O.  81  leucocdrpa,  a  variety  iritb  white  haws,  is  said  to  have  been 
discovered  in  a  hedge  near  Bempton,  in  Oxfordshire;  but  we  have 
never  seen  it. 

F.  Faritliet  diffiring  in  having  the  Fndt  v>ooltj/. 
1  C.  O.  22  erioearpa  Lindl.,  C.  eriocArpa  Lodd.  Cat,  (Jig.  7S0.  in  p.  400. ; 
the  phite  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vi.;  and  our^.  668.),  is  a  robuit 


rapidly  growing  variety,  with  large  leave*,  and  strong  thick  shoots  j 
a  clear  white  bark,  and  few  thorns.  It  is  very  prolific  in  flowers, 
and  the  fruit  which  succeeds  them  is  woolly  in  iw  young  state,  but 
not  large.  If  ever  the  hawthorn  should  be  cultivated  for  its  tunjwr, 
to  supply  the  wood-engravers  as  a  substitute  for  box,  this  variety 
and  C.  O.  melanotirpa  will  deserve  the  preference.     Hort.  8oc. 

G.  Vandia  (iij^rti«  in  the  Form  of  ihe  Leawi, 
t  C  O  23  cHiudla  Dec.  Prod.;  jlf&pilus  Oxyadiotha  int^rif&Un 
Waifr  Sched.219.;  C.  oxyacenthoides  ThuiU.  Fl.  Par.  845.,  Bot. 
Reg.  t.1189.,  Dec.Fl.Fr.i'i.  p.  433.;  C.  Oiyacintha  FLDan.  t. 
335.;  the  French  hawthorn.  {Jig-  71*.  in  p.  3B9.;  the  plate  in  Arb. 
Brit-,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vi. ;  and  ourrfg.  66fl.)  —  Leaves  rather  rhoinb- 
shaped  at  the  base,  obovate,  undivided,  or  with  three  obtuse  lobes. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRtTANNICUM. 


crenate,  of  the  «ame  colour  on  both  auriaces.  Styles  1 — 3.  Fruit 
conttuning  more  thim  1  seed.  Dittioguuhed  from  the  apedei  by  its 
smaller,  obovate,  less  cut,  fiat,  and  sninbg  leaves.  C.liicititi  Simtk 
of  Ayr,  C.  ox^^acanthdides  lilcidji  Sweet,  is  scarcely  or  not  at  all  dif- 
lerent  from  thin  variety. 
T  C.  O.  84  qmr^oiia  Booth  (j^.  721.  in  p.  401.)  appears  very  distinct 
in  regard  to  foliage. 


I  C.  O.  2!>  ladtaita,  C.  laciiiiaU  Lodd.  Cat.  (j!g.  T16.  in  p.  400.;  the 


XXVI.    ROSA  CEJE  :    CRATJE^GUS.  381 

plate  in  Arb.  Brit,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vi.;  and  our>^.  670.),  has  finely  cut 

leaves  ;  the  shoots  are  comparatively  slender,  the  plant  less  robust, 

and  the  fruit  smaller,  than  m  the  species.     It  is  a  very  distinct  and 

elegant  variety. 
t  C.  O.  26  pteridifhSa,   C.  jpterifolia  Lodd.  Cat.   0%.7l7.  in  p.  400.), 

resembles  the  preceding,  but  the  leaves  are  longer  in  proportion  to 

their  breadth,  and  more  elegantlv  cut. 
^  C.  O.  27  oxyph^Ua  Monckton.  —  Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  the 

species.    Kaised  by  General  Monckton,  at  Soroerford,  in  ?  1837. 

Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

H.  VarieHet  differing  in  the  Colour  of  the  Leavet. 

f  C.  O.  28  folm  aitreit  Lodd.  Cat.,  C.  lut^scens  Booth,  has  leaves  varie- 
gated with  yellow  ;  but  they  have  generally  a  ragged  and  diseased 
appearance,  when  fully  expanded  ;  though,  uke  those  of  most  other 
variegated  deciduous  plants,  when  first  opening  in  spring,  they  are 
strikingly  showy  and  distinct. 

t  C.  O.  29  folm  argenteis  Hort.  has  leaves  variegated  with  white ;  but, 
like  the  precedii^  variety,  it  cannot  be  recommended  as  handsome  at 
any  other  period  than  when  the  leaves  are  first  expanding. 

¥  C.  O.  30  lHada.  — ^We  apply  this  name  to  a  very  dbtinct  and  very 
beautiful-leaved  variety,  which  forms  a  standard  in  the  southern 
boundary  hedge  of  the  Hort.  Soc.  Garden,  and  which,  we  trust,  will 
soon  be  propagated  in  the  nurseries.  The  leaves  are  large,  regularly 
cut,  somewhat  coriaceous  in  texture,  and  of  a  fine  shining  green. 
The  plant  is  of  vigorous  growth. 

The  common  hawthorn,  in  its  wild  state,  is  a  shrub  or  small  tree,  witli  a 
smooth  bark  and  very  hard  wood.  The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  plant  is 
youne,  and  in  a  good  soil  and  climate,  is  from  1  foot  to  2  or  3  feet  a  vear, 
for  the  first  three  or  four  years ;  afterwards  its  crowth  is  slower,  till  the 
shrub  or  tree  has  attained  the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  when  its  shoots  are 
produced  chiefly  in  a  lateral  direction,  tending  to  increase  the  width  of  the 
nead  of  the  tree  rather  than  its  height.  In  a  wild  state,  it  is  commonly 
found  as  a  large  dense  bush  ;  but,  pruned  by  accident  or  design  to  a  single 
stem,  it  forms  one  of  the  most  beautifiil  and  durable  trees  of  the  third  rank 
that  can  be  planted:  interesting  and  valuable  for  its  sweet-scented  flowers 
in  Bfay,  and  for  its  fruit  in  autumn,  which  supplies  food  fbr  some  of  the 
smaller  birds  during  part  of  the  winter.  In  hedges,  the  hawthorn  does  not 
flower  and  fruit  very  abundantly  when  closely  and  frequently  clipped ;  but, 
when  the  hedees  are  only  cut  in  at  the  sides,  so  as  to  be  kept  within  bounds, 
and  the  summits  of  the  plants  are  lefl  free  and  untouched,  they  flower  and 
fruit  as  freely  as  when  trained  as  separate  trees.  The  plant  lives  for  a  cen- 
tury or  two,  and  there  are  examples  of  it  between  40  fl.  and  50  ft.  in  height, 
with  trunks  upwards  of  3  ft.  in  diameter  at  1  ft.  from  the  ground. 

The  wood  of  the  hawthorn  is  very  hard,  and  difficult  to  work :  its  colour 
is  white,  but  with  a  yellowish  tinge ;  its  grain  is  fine,  and  it  takes  a  beautiful 
polish ;  but  it  is  not  much  used  in  the  arts,  because  it  is  seldom  found  of  suf- 
ficient size,  and  is,  besides,  apt  to  waip.  It  weiehs,  when  green,  68  lb.  12  oz. 
per  cubic  foot ;  and,  when  dry,  57  lb.  5  oz.  It  contracts,  by  drying,  one 
eidith  of  its  bulk.  It  is  employed  for  the  handles  of  hammers,  the  teeth 
of  mill-wheels,  for  flails  and  mallets,  and,  when  heated  at  the  fire,  for  canes 
and  walking-sticks.  The  branches  are  used,  in  the  country,  for  heating 
ovens ;  a  purpose  for  which  they  are  very  proper,  as  they  give  out  much  heat, 
and  possess  the  property  of  burning  as  readily  when  green,  as  in  their  dry 
state.  They  are  not  less  useful  in  the  formation  of  d^ul  hedges,  for  the 
I  rotection  of  seeds,  or  of  newly  planted  live  hedges  or  single  trees ;  and 
they  will  last  a  considerable  time  without  decaying ;  especially  when  they  have 
been  cut  in  autumn.    The  leaves  are  eaten  by  cattle,  which,  nevertheless,  pay 


332  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

•ome  regard  to  the  spines  by  which  they  are  defended.  The  fruit  is  astringent. 
By  far  the  most  important  use  of  the  hawthorn  is  as  a  hedge  plant.  For 
this  purpose,  it  is  planted  in  single  or  in  double  lines,  most  commonly  along 
the  margin  of  a  ditch ;  though,  however  convenient  this  may  be  with  respect 
tor  fencing  the  plants  when  young,  and  draining  the  soil,  it  is  a  great  draw- 
back to  their  progress  afterwards,  by  preventing  their  roots  from  extending 
themselves,  except  on  one  side ;  and,  by  the  drainage  of  the  ditch,  it  also 
deprives  them  of  their  natural  share  of  moisture.  Wherever  thorn  hedges 
are  planted,  and  intended  to  thrive,  the  ground  ought  to  be  trenched  at 
least  2  fl.  in  depth,  manured  if  poor,  and  the  plants  inserted  on  a  flat  sur- 
face, so  as  to  receive  and  retain  tne  whole  of  the  moisture  that  falls  from  the 
heavens. 

The  hawthorn  will  do  no  good  unless  planted  in  a  soil  naturally  dry  and 
fertile,  or  that  has  been  rendered  so  by  art.  The  plant  is  never  found  natu- 
rally on  a  wet  soil ;  and,  if  planted  on  such  a  soil,  it  soon  becomes  stunted, 
and  covered  with  lichens  and  moss.  The  situation  should  be  airy ;  but  it 
will  grow  either  in  exposed  places,  or  in  such  as  are  sheltered,  and  even  some- 
what shaded,  by  other  trees.  In  cases  of  this  kind,  however,  it  neither  forms 
a  handsome  tree,  nor  a  close  thick  hedge. 

The  spedes  is  almost  always  propagated  by^  seeds,  but  sometimes  by  cut- 
ting of  the  roots ;  which,  when  about  naif  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  I  fl.  or 
18  m.  in  length,  and  planted  with  the  root  end  undermost,  speedily  make 
large  plants.  Where  old  thorn  plants  are  taken  up,  the  roots  may  always  be 
uam  for  forming  new  hedges ;  but  it  must  be  acknowledged  that,  as  they  do 
not  all  send  up  shoots  equally,  some  remaining  a  year  in  the  ground  before 
they  do  so,  the  preferable  mode  is  to  plant  them  in  a  nursery  for  the  first 
year ;  or,  if  this  is  not  done,  they  ou£nt  to  be  planted  thick,  so  as  to  make 
allowance  for  some  not  pushing  till  the  second  year,  and  some  not  pushing 
at  all. 

When  the  hawthorn  is  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  haws  should  not  be 
gathered  till  they  are  dead  ripe ;  which  will  be  in  October  or  November.  As 
many  haws  contain  more  tnan  one  seed,  they  ought  not  to  be  put  in  the 
ground  entire,  but,  if  they  are  to  be  sown  immediately,  they  must  be  mace- 
rated in  water  till  the  pulp  is  separated  from  the  nuts  ;  and  the  latter  should 
then  be  mixed  with  dry  sand,  to  keep  them  separate,  and  to  enable  the  sower 
to  scatter  them  equally  over  the  surface.  But,  as  the  seeds  do  not  come  up 
till  the  second  year,  a  savins  of  ground  is  made  by  keeping  them  the  first 
3  ear  in  a  heap,  technically  cdled  a  rot-heap,  mixed  with  a  si&cient  quantity 
( f  soil,  to  prevent  them  nrom  heating,  and  to  facilitate  the  decomposition  of 
the  pulp.  These  heaps  are  kept  in  the  open  air,  and  exposed  to  the  full 
influence  of  the  weather ;  care  being  taken  to  turn  them  over  frequently,  at 
least  once  a  month,  so  as  to  equalise  this  influence.  When  the  seeds  are 
not  to  be  prepared  in  a  heap,  tney  should  be  sown  in  November  or  Decem- 
ber, as  soon  as  separated  from  the  pulp ;  but,  when  they  are  to  be  separated 
by  decomposition  in  a  heap,  they  neecf  not  be  sown  till  the  February,  or  even 
tfie  March,  of  the  second  year ;  by  which  means  fifteen  or  sixteen  months*  use 
of  the  soil  is  saved.  They  may  be  sown  thinly  in  beds,  the  seeds  being  scat- 
tered so  as  to  lie  al)out  I  m.  apart  every  way,  and  covered  about  a  quarter  of 
an  inch.  The  nursery  culture  required  is  mere  routine.  Hawthorns  ought 
always  to  be  two  years  transplanted  before  they  are  employed  for  hedges ; 
younger  and  untransplanted  plants,  though  cheaper  to  purchase,  are  always 
the  most  expensive  to  the  planter,  as  they  require  temporary  protection  for  a 
lon^r  period.  As  stocks,  hawthorn  plants  may  be  treated  like  stocks  for 
fruit  trees  ;  and  the  different  species  and  varieties  may  be  budded  and  grafted 
on  them,  either  for  dwarfs  or  standard  high,  in  a  similar  manner.  Not  only 
the  diflerent  species  of  Cratse^gus,  but  those  of  Afespilus,  Morbus,  Pyrus,  and 
even  Mh\uB,  Cyd6nia,  Ameldnchier,  £riob6tiya,  and  others,  may  be  grafted  on 
the  common  hawthorn;  and  in  this  way  field  hedges  mignt  be  rendered 
ornamental,  and  even  productive  of  useful  fruits. 


XXVI.    ROSA^CEX. :    CRATJB  G 

}  xiii.   Parvif&lue. 


IDlUaiU,  ll'arMll,  lUelrll,  l'ciAJ.   , 
Ca. ;  CinHbcn7-1«>ed  Thnnit   I 

fairmAwi.     Trew  Ebr~  t.lT-i 

Cud.  Bru.,  t.  u.  1  taijii.en.  I 

■DdA.  W,  In  p,  401  I 

spec.  Char^  4^c.  Leaves 
orel-lanceolate,  indsely 
■errated,  and  pubeacent. 
Flowers  mostly  solitary. 
Branchlets  and  calyxes 
Tillose.  SdpiUea  bristle- 
like.      8^s    aerrated. 

Fniit  almost  toft-ahaped,  .JK^^ 

yellow,      or      yellowiah  mBHP-j 

green.      Nuts  5.    (Dec.  1*^ 

iProd.)       A   low   shrub.  "'■  '^'-'"^ 

North  America,  New  Jeracy  to  Carolina,  in  "andr  shady  woods.     Heigh 
4ft.  to  6ft.     Introduced  prcriously  to  1713.     Flowers  white;  May  and 
June,  rather  later  than  in  most  other  spe- 
cies.   Haws  large,  greenUhyellowi  ripe  ir 
NovembeT,  oftoi  han^ng  on   the  tree  al 
the  winter. 

Varied. 

■  C.  p.  8  fiirida,  C.  flirida  Lodd.  Cat, 

Qg,  786.  in  p.  402.,  and  our  fg. 
678.),  has  the  leaves  and  &uit  some- 
what stabler  and  rounder  than  those 

of  the  species.  mamt 

■  C.  p.   3  grotnilancrfoSa,    C.   linearis 

Lodd.  Cat.  (Jlg''^^-  'n  P-*02.,  and  our^fc.  673.),  has  the  leaves 
lobcd,  and  somewhat  like  those  of  the  gooa^bary. 
These  varieties  run  so  much  into 

one  another,  that,  unless  they  are 

seen  together  in  a  living  state,  as  ' 

in   Messrs.  Loddiees's   arboretum, 

it  is  difficult  to  distinguish  them 

from   the   species,  or  from    each 

other  ;   for,  nowevo'  difierent  the 

leaves  may  appear   in  oar  figures 

(see  p.  408.),  all  the  forms  of  these 

may  oceamonally  be  found  on  the 

snnie  plant:   and   some  plants   of 

each   varien    are   wholly   without 

spines,  while  in  others  the  sjuues 

are  very  numerous.     As  all  of  them 

ore  anjall  plants,  with  flowers  larae  ^ 

proportion  to  the  size  of  the  ')»■      ff™"""-™"-  ,  , 


384  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRtTANMICUM. 

■  80.  C.  TiBGi'idOA  Loitd.    The  Virginian  Thorn. 

UemMaMm.    Lodd.  Cat.,  n).  IB3II.  and  ti.  1BW. 

atmmwMft.    C.  TlrilDlliii  Harl^  C.  nHthuUU  MfejLr.  ud  Lf»U.  Bal.  tttg.  t.  lesa  (  C.  TtiUii 

Bort. 
Kngrarlagi.    Bot.R^.,  t.  IRW.  i^K.m.io  p.4<».i  ud«iiA-«T4. 

Sprc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  cuDeate,  glabrous,  shinii^,  notched,  but 
not  lobed  i  small.  Fruit  round,  rather  larger  than  a  common  haw,  grucn. 
A  low  shrub.  Virginia.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  ISIS.  Flowert 
white ;  June.  Pruit  green ;  October,  often  reraaiiung  on  the  branchet 
during  the  winter. 


The  plant  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  C.  spathulttta  (No.  1 7.)  in  iu  foliage 
and  hstnt  of  growth  ;  but  the  Toha^  of  the  latter  is  lobed,  while  that  of  the 
former  is  entire.  The  fruit  of  C,  virgfnica  is,  also,  six  times  larger  thin  that 
of  C.  spathuUta ;  and  is  of  a  dark  green,  while  the  other  is  of  a  bright  red. 
The  blossoms  and  fruit  of  C.  rit^nica  are,  also,  produced  in  corjrmbs  of  twoa 
and  threes  ;  while  those  of  C.  spathul&ta  consist  of  a  considerable  number  of 
flowers.  The  species  differ,  also,  in  the  foliage  ;  which  in  C.  spathulita  has 
long  winged  footntalks,  while  in  C.  virgfnica  the  footstalks  ore  short  and  slen- 
der. (Seethe  leaves  of  C.  virglnica  j^.  729.  in  p.  408.,  and  of  C  ipathuUtA 
M-  704.  in  p.  396.) 

$  xiv.    Mexkdna. 
Sett.  Char.    Leaves  lane,  ovnl-Unceotate,  notched  and  serrated.    Fruit  large, 

green  or  greenish  jicllow. 

r  t   S7.  C.  mksica'na  Mac.  rt  Seue.     The  Mexican  Thorn. 

Mmi/kaHam.    Moc.  M  S«He  FL  Mn.  lam,  hiedU.;  Dae.  Prod.,  1.  p.ew.j  But.  Brit.  FL-Oud., 

U  ler.  1.  UO.  1  DoD-i  Kill..  9.  p.  601. 
fcacMMin.    C.  lllpuUm  LoM.  CtU.,  m  Oard.  Hal.  II.  p.  tU.  j  C.  L^mbsKMu  Hott. 
/■vr^rAut.     Sot.  BHt.  FI.-GinL.klia.  t.Kn.;   Sit.  B^.,  I.  1910. ;  our  A- IH.  Id  P  «».-   Uw 

plus  Dfttili  ipuclia  In  Arb.  BrlL.  Jit  Ml,  iDl.  rl.  |  ud  OUI-  Jig.  S7S. 

5p«?.  CAar,,  ^c.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  notched  and  aemted ;  acuminate, 
somewhat  ciliated  at  the  base.  Petioles  short,  channeled,  and  with  a 
winged  margin.  Stipules  stalked.  Corymbs  terminal.  Petals  scarcely 
longer  than  the  calycinc  teeth.  Stamens  varj'ing  Irom  10  to  15.  Styles 
2,  or  rarely  4.  Fruit  large,  pale  green,  or  yellowish,  when  ripe;  and, 
with  the  leaves,  remaining  on  the  tree  all  the  winter  in  sheltered  utua- 
tions.  Handsome,  and  resembling  a  small  apple,  but  not  good  to  caL  A 
low  tree  i  evermeu  against  a  wall,  and  sub^vergreen  as  a  standard  in  the 
climate  of  London,  and  southwards.  Mexico,  on  table  lands.  Height  80ft. 
to  30  A.;  in  British  gardens  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in  18S4.  Flowers 
laige, white ;  June.  Fruit  large,paleg7een,ripeningagainatawallinOctober. 


XXVI.   JI08A  CBiB  :    OB.ATM  QVB, 


A  Temarkable  Mid  very  bawlBOiiie  ipecies, 
Mfapiliu  graudifldra. 

j  XV. 
Sect,  Char.     Leaves  oval-lBiiceolate,  gl 
Diun^vuB,  of  a  bright  coral  colour. 

■  88.  C.  J*yRACA'NTH*  Feri.     The  fiery  Thorn,  oi 


general  ^pearance. 


:,  gmall,  evergreen.     1 
Pi/racaJilAa, 


;  Pidl.  Fl.  IIOH.,L 


Smmmtma.    Utifllai  Fjnctaait  L. ;  mrfim  Tb< 

pill,  Otr.  I  i^uitDo,  lu/ 
Acnmivt,    Lob,  ItDD.i  ] 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leavee  glabrous,  ovate-lance- 
olate, crenste.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  obtuse.  Styles  5. 
Fruit  globose,  scarlet,  ornamental ;  continuing  a  good  while 
upoD  the  phmt;  vliich,  on  account  of  the  colour  of  its 
fruit,  aud  of  its  being  a  shrub,  is  c^led  in  France  Buisson 
ardenL  (Zfec.  /Vorf.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  South  oF 
Europe,  in  rugged  places  and  hedges.  Height  4  ft.  lo  6  ft. 
lotroduced  in  1689.  Flowers  white;  May.  Fruit  red; 
ripe  in  S^tember. 

Varittv. 

■  CP-Bcn-nnKta.  C.  crenulita  Wort,  —  A  plant  bearing  '^  c.Pr-f«b^ 
this  name  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gard.  differs  very  little  from  the  species. 
The  Bowers  and  Iruitare  produced  in  large  corymbs,  which  are  very  orna- 
mental 1  and  the  fruit  remains  on  all  the  winter,  especially  when  the  slirub  is 
trained  against  a  wall.  The  berries  are  bitter,  and  are  not  so  greedily  eaten 
bv  lurds  as  those  of  some  other  kinds,  unless  in  very  severe  winters.  The 
plant  is  ve^  hardy,  and,  in  the  open  garden,  forms  a  handsome  cverRreen  bush ; 
and,  if  KTafted  standard  high  on  the  common  hawthorn,  it  would  loim  a  most 
desirable  evergreen  low  tree. 


AKBORETUM    ET   FIIDTICETUM   1 


XXVI,  sosacfje:  cratjeovs.  .187 

Crabe^jpa  eoctinea  cordUina,  and  C.  c.  tndentdta.     The  coial-JhtUed 
Thorn,  and  the  mdented-Uaved  Thorn. 


388  AKBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

i^raU^gut  glanduldsa,  and  C.  g.  tvhriUbsa.    The  glandular  Thorn,  aud 
the  subvillose-feuicd glandular  Thorn. 


XXVI.    nOSA  CE«  :    CRATJE  G 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM, 


XSTI.    SOSa'cEX:    CRATiG^OtJS.  391 

Crab^gM  Crit-ff4Ui,  el  var.    The  Cock's-spur  Thorn,  and  its  varieties. 
Leaves  and  fruit  of  the  nntiirni  she. 


892  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

CrtUa^giu  nigra,  and  C.  purpurea.    The  black-Jhiiled  Thorn,  and  the 
purple-branched  Thorn, 


XXVI.  rosaceje:  cratjegus.  393 

CnUte^gut  purpirea  aliaioa,  and  G.  DouglAm.     The  Altaic  purple- 

branched  Thorn,  and  Douglas's  Thorn. 

Leave*  and  fruit  of  the  natural  aiie. 


394  ARBORETUM    ET   FEUTICETUH    BRITANHICUH. 

Cntc^giu  flioa,  and  C.  lohdta.     The  yeDow-yhntei  Thorn,  and  the 

\aheA-kavtd  Thorn. 

Leavea  end  fnut  of  the  natural  aixe. 


XXVI.  RoaA'CEM:  CRATf'ous.  39S 

Crate^gut  trilobata,  and  C.  apiifiUa.    The  three-lcdiecUiutwf  Tborn, 
and  the  Farsley-leaved  Thorn. 


96  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANHICUM. 

Cratafgtu  oorddta,  and  C.  ^athviiila.     The  \iKArt-»haped-Uaved 
Thorn,  and  the  ipatbula-fAopeiJ-JKnwe/  Thorn. 


XXTl.   AOSA'cE£  :    CRATX  OVB.  39v 

CraU^fftti  Azardlus,  C.  Ar^ma,  and  C.  marocehaa,    I'lic  Azarole 

Thorn,  the  Aronia  Thom,  and  the  Morocco  Thorn. 

LesTCS  and  fruit  of  the  natural  die. 


398  ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Craia^gui  oriaUaUt,  el  var.,  aod  C.  tattaeetyMta,  tt  var.     The  EaaUni 
Thorn,  and  the  Tanjy-leaved  Thorn,  with  Varieties. 


XXVI.    aaSA\XM:    CR&TM.'^VB.  399 

Crataegus  temcuxtiJSlia  Zee^na,  C.  ietermi^Ua,  and  C.  Oxj/aedtitha 
obtiaata.  Lee's  TaoBy-leaved  Thorn,  the  various-leaved  Thorn,  and 
the  (^tuae-kaned  Hawthorn. 


400  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTiCBTUH    BRITANNICUM. 

Crai^giu  Oayaedn^a,  et  var.     The  comnum  Hawthorn,  and  Five  of 

its  Varieties. 

Leavea  and  fruit  of  the  natural  site. 


XXVI.  nosA^cE£  :  cbatje'ous.  4( 

Cratd'gvt  Oxyacdtttlta  var.     Five  Varieties  of  the  Havthorn. 
Lcavea  and  fruit  ot  tlie  natural  size. 


402  arbohetdm  st  fbuticetum  britamnicum. 


CraU^gutpantfcUa,  C.  p.JUrida,  C.  p.  ffrouuIarittfbHa,  C.  virgUiioa, 

C.  mexiedna.  The  Btoall-Ieaved  Thorn,  the  Florida  Tborn,  the  Goose> 

berry-leaved  Thom,  the  Virginian  lliorn,  and  the  Mexican  Thoni. 

Le«Tea  and  fruit  of  the  natural  nze. 


XXVI.  rosa'ceje:  photi'nia. 


408 


Genus  XV. 


QQ 


STRANV^'S/il  Lindi.    Thb  STRANViB^siA.    lAn.  S^H.  Icos&ndria 

Di-Pentagynia. 

IdaUifiealiom.    Lfndl.  in  Bot.  Beg. 
Suiumifme,    CntK^^OM  in  part. 

DertBoUim.    In  honour  of  the  Hon.  W.  T»  H.  Fos  Strm^wag$t  F.H.S.,  Ac.,  a  botanical  amateur, 
who  poftMiM  a  rich  collectioa. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Petah  5,  concave,  sessile,  spreading,  villous 
at  the  base.  Stamem  20,  spreading.  Ovartf  villous,  superior,  5-celled  ; 
cells  containing  2  ovules.  FruU  spherical,  enclosed  by  the  calyx,  contain- 
ing a  superior,  5-valved,  hard,  bnttle,  dehiscent  capsule.  Seedt  oblong. 
Tegta  cartilaginous.  (lAndl.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen ;  lanceolate,  serrated. 
Fhufers  corymbose.  —  An  evergreen  tree ;  native  of  the  temperate  parts 
of  Asia ;  in  Britain  a  rather  tender  shrub. 

SI  1.  8.  olaucb'scbns  UndL    The  glauoous-ZmtK^i  Slnmvaesia. 

Idemi^loatiim,    Lindi.  in  Bot.  Beg.,  t.  19S6. 
&mimjfme.    Oate^foi  glaliea  Wau.  Cat.  fStt. 
JSmgrmimgt.    BoC  Beg.,  L  1966.$  and  our  J^v.TSl.  and  7SS. 

Spec.  Char.,  Jf-c.  Leaves  lance- 
olate, coriaceous,  serrated, 
pointed  at  the  base ;  midrib 
and  nerves  on  the  under  side, 
as  well  as  the  young  twigs, 
hairy.  Corpibs  somewhat 
woolly.  PedKels  3  or  4  times 
as  long  as  the  bud.  (LhuU.) 
An  evergreen  shrub  ;  in  Nepal, 
a  tree  20  ft.  high.  Introduced 
in  1826.  Flowers  white;  July. 
Fruit  small,  yellowish  red ;  ripe 
in  October. 

Somewhat  tender  when  treated 
as  a  standard  in  the  open  garden ; 
but,  when  trained  agamst  a  wall, 
forming  a  very  handsome  ever- 
green. Propagated  by  grafting  on 
Cratse^gus. 

Genus  XVI. 


_tlLJ 


PHOTrNIA  Lhuff.    Thb  Protinia.    Lin.  Sytt.  Icosftndria  Di-Pentag^nia. 

IdeutjKkuHm,  Undl.  In  Lin.  See.  Trans.,  18.  p.  108.;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  631. ;  I>on*i  Mill.,  2.  p.  602. 

iffif  in^ywii,    CnXt^'gOM  fp.  Lm 

Derhtatkm.    From  pkotemoit  shining ;  in  aU'islon  to  the  lucid  surface  of  Uie  leaves. 

Gen.  Char.    Calyx  5-toothed.    Petalt  reflexed.     Ovarium  semiadherent,  vil- 
lous, 2-ceUed.    Stylet  2,  glabrous.    Pericarp  2-celled,  enclosed  in  the  fleshy 
odyx.     Teita  cartilaginous.  {DofCt  MiU.) 
Leava  simply  alternate,  stipulate^  evergreen  ;  quite  entire,  or  serrated. 

dd2 


404  ARBORETUlrf   ET   FRITTICETUH   B&ITANNICUH. 

I^ower*  white,  disposed  in  tenninal  corymbose  paniclea.  FrvU  small, 
■mootfa. '—  Evergreen  trees  ;  natives  of  Jua»  and  America,  requiriog  tile 
same  earden  treatmeiit  ta  Oats^i  (on  which  all  the  species  tOMy  be 
grafted),  exc^t  that  the  species  are  somewhat  more  tender,  end  are  bert 
grown  ^Binst  b  wall  even  in  the  climate  of  London. 

«  1.  P.  bsbrula'ta  Lindl.     The  setrulsted-Jeaiw^  Photinia, 

UtaMcaUeH.    LIndL  In  Un.  SocTniu..  1).  p.  lEO. ;  Dae.  Piod.,  1.  p.  ESl.j  lod  Doo'iiun.,  I. 

AritEMriw.  Cntm'va  s<Un  nimi.  Ft.  Ja^.  MS.,  Bol.  Uat-,  Lett.  Bel.  Cat..  CoOa  Bort.  JU^ 
jAwn^Avi.  Bot.Mia..  t.llOt.1  BoLCitiL,  LMS.;  Call*  Hon.  Rlpul.,  t.SC,|  Cliapuie  otiU 
•pcctahi  Arb.  Brit, lit (dU., Tol.Tl. ;  wd our ,1^. 733. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  oblong,acute,  serrulated.    Pedicels  longer  than  llie 
calyx.  Buds  large,  red.  (Dec,  Prod.)  An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.     Ja- 
pan and  China.     Hdght   ISft.  to  15ft.     Introduced  in   1804.     Fktwera 
white  ;  Apnl  and  Hay.     Fruit  ? ;  rarely  produced  in  England. 
The  young  shoots  and  leaves  are  remaitable  for  their  deep  red,  or  ma- 
h<^ny  colour  ;  and  the  decaying  leaves  exhibit  this  colour  much  more  in- 
tensely, mixed  witli   a  fine  yellow  or  scarlet.     Altogether  it  forms  a  very 
splenttd  plant,  when  trained  aniust  a  wall ;  or,  in  warm  sheltered  ntuadons, 
as  a  standard.     It  is  common^  grafted  or  budded  on  thorn  stocks ;  and  it 
also  does  well  upon  quince  stocks.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  London  it  Sowers 
between  the  middle  of  April  and  the  middle  of  May  ;  but  it  has  not  yet  pro- 
duced fruit  in  England.     The  largest  and  oldest  plants  are  at  White  Knights, 
where  it  was  planted  in  1804 ;   and,  in  1835,  formed  a  lai^  bush  or  tree, 
nearly  I A  ft.  high. 

s>  8.  P.  .fiiBUiiFoYiA  lAndl.     The  Arbutus-Jntticrf  Photima. 
I^BUaeaUm.    Lindl.  In  LIB.  Soc.Tmu.,  Il.p.  lOX;  Due,  Prod.,  1.  p.Sll.;  D«'illIU.,t.F.m. 
AriHm^.    O-Us'iniaHwilIMIa^a.  NMV.  jEnc.  ej.  t.  ToLa.  p.  m. 

Jhtfrw^V*-     B0I.Rct.,(.4>|.!  tDd<HUA''34. 


XXVI.  bosa'ce*:  cotohea'fter.  405 

Spec.  Ckar^  4c.      Learea   with   the    (Kak   oblong- 
iBDceoIate,   acute,    diatantlj|   aerrated,   aii   times 
longer  than  the  petiole,   whidi  ia  red.     The  pani- 
cle, in  this   apecies,   ia   not    coirniboie.     (Dec. 
Prod.)    An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.    (M- 
fbmia.      Height  10  ft,  to  HO  ft.      Introduced   b 
I78«.  Flowers  white  j  July  and  August,    Fruit  ?. 
A  rery   deairable  erergreeu  tor  walls,  hitherto 
comparaUTeljr  Detected  in  Britiah  gardena.     Horti- 
cultural Soct- 
et/a  Garden. 


MnMUat^M.  LiDd].  Id  Ua.  Tniili,l>.  F.ltt.) 
Stmaiv'iH.  Fjita  lata|iTTliu  Wall,  tx  D.  Dim 
B^trmwtnt.    wi  M.  lis.  ftom  ■  ipidiBiii  In  tiM 

Spec.  CKar.,  ^.     Leave*  elliptic,  acu- 
minated, quite  entire.     Panicle  dif- 

fuw.      Pedicela    bractteu.      Oran 

3-celled ;    cells    biomtate.     (Jian « 

MiU.)    An  evergreen  tree.    Nepal. 

HeigbtSOft.     Introduced  in  1820. 

Flowera  white  ?. 

Requires  the  protection  of  a  wall, 
which  it  well  deserves,  on  account  of 

the  beauty  of  ita  foliage.  ^  ,  im^,, 

t  4,  P.  DU^DiA  LindJ.    The  doubtful  Photinia. 

UimlOiMtm.    LlndLtaiLlD.  TruL.IS.  p.  lM.;I>OB'>IIIU^&p.SCn.  _  „ 

Stmrnmn.    WMliu  beogiliiuli  Bat.i  M.  dncttela  D.Dam  Fn*.  tl.  S^.  !».;  CMtn'fui 

EttrmK^i.    iin-TniH.,  ILt.  illL;ud«irJh.  ns. 
^>ee.  Char,,  1^.     Lea*es  lanceolate,  diatantly  ser- 
rated.   Panicle  corymbose,  pilose.    Fruit  8-celIed, 

Seed  1,  lar^c,  and  clothed  with  a  loose  testa. 

Fruit  aometuues  1-celled  from  abortion,  and  & 

seeded.  {Don't  Mill.')  ka  evei^reeu  tree.   NepaL 

Heiriit  eoft.      Introduced  in   1881.     Flowert 

white  ?. 

It  appears  nearly  allied  to  Baphidlepis.  Hamil- 
um  states  that  the  bark  is  used,  in  Nepal,  to  dye 
cotton  red.  Culture  and  management  as  in  toe 
preceding  apedca.  ™-  '■  **^ 

Gbhcb  XVII. 


Hbffl^U 


COTONEA'STER  Med.    Thr  Cotonustbr.    lAn.  Sj/mI,  Icosiitdria 
Di-Pentag/nia. 

.lOl.i  I>ec.Pnid,.t.p.tSl,( 
jpMijw'."''jR&]M'»|i:  LhijVtamee 
CMgan  bf  PUojr :  ■ 


406 


ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM  B^ITANNICUM. 


The  g«nui,  and  C.  Arlglda  in  pvtfcolar,  Is  not  tmllko  the  quince  in  its  Imtm.    ilAndtqi  in  Bd, 
Beg.  1. 1187.  and  )Sa9.)       i 

Gen.  Char,  FUmert  polygamous  from  abortion.  Calvx  turbinate,  bluntly 
5-toothed.  Pelalt  short,  erect.  Stamens  length  of  tne  teeth  of  the  calyx. 
Stylet  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Carpeli  2 — 3,  parietal,  biovu- 
late,  enclosed  in  the  calyx.  {DofCs  Mill,) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ; 
generally  woolly  beneath.  Flowers  in  corymbs,  lateral,  spreading,  furnished 
with  deciduous  subulate  bracteas.  Petals  small,  permanent. — Shrubs  or  low 
trees.    Natives  of  Europe,  America,  and  Asia. 

The  species  are  very  desirable  garden  shrubs  or  low  trees,  from  die 
beauhr  of  their  foliage,  their  flowers,  and  their  fruit ;  the  fruit  of  C.  frlgida 
and  C.  aff  mis,  in  particular,  being  produced  in  ^esX  abundance,  and  being  of 
an  intense  scarlet  colour,  have  a  very  splendid  appearance,  and  remain  on 
the  trees  the  greater  part  of  the  winter.  The  cotoneasters  are  all  readily 
propagated  by  seeds,  cuttings,  layers,  or  grafting  on  C.  vulgaris,  on  the  com- 
mon quince,  or  on  the  hawtnom.  Though  the  greater  part  of  the  species  are 
natives  of  Asia,  yet  in  Britain  they  are  found  to  be  as  hardy  as  if  they  were 
indigenous  to  the  North  of  Europe,  more  especially  those  of  them  that  are 
true  evergreens.  Not  one  of  them  was  killed  by  the  winter  of  1837-8  in  the 
Hort.  Soc.  Garden, 

$  i.    Leaves  deciduous.     Shrubs. 
A  i,  C.  vuLGA^Ris  lAndl,    The  common  Cotoneaster. 

Idemt(fleatitm.  Ltndl.  In  Lin.  Soc.  Trans.,  13.  p.  101. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  682. ; 

Dra*sMm.,2.p.6(a. 
Sffnommet.    V6spllus  CotoneSster  Lr«.  Sp.  686.,  iBd.  FL  Dan.  1. 119. ; 

N^fller  ootonneux,  A*. ;  Quitten-Mispel,  Oer. ;  Salciagnolo,  BaL 
Engrmingt,    C£d.  rL  Dan.,  t.ll2.  {  Eng.  Bot.  SappL,  t.  2713.;  and  our 
^.787. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base. 
Peduncles  and  calyxes  glabrous.  (Dec,  Prod.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Europe  and  Siberia,  on  the  sunny  parts 
of  subalpine  hills.  Height  2  fl.  ta  Sfb.  in  a  wild  state; 
in  cultivation  4f^.  to  5%.  Cultivated  in  1656.  Flowers 
white,  slightly  tinged  with  pink ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
red  or  black  ;  ripe  in  July  and  August. 

Varieties.    The  following  three  forms  of  this  species  are  to  be  met  with,  both 
in  a  wild  state,  and  in  gardens :  — 
A  C.  V,    1  erylhrocdrpa  Led.  Fl.  Alt.  ii.  p.  219.  has  the  fruit  red  when 

ripe. 
A  C,v.2  melanoc&rpa  Led.,  ilf ^pilus  Cotone&ster  PaU,  Fl,  Ross.  p.  30. 

t.  14.,  M,  melanodirpa  i^cA.,  C.  melanodupa  Lod*  Cat,,    has  the 

fruit  black  when  ripe. 
A  C.  ©.  3  depressa  Fries  Nov.  Suec.  p.  9.,  Dec.  Prod.  ii.  p.  632.,  is  rather 

spiny,  with  lanceolate  acutish  leaves,  and  fruit  ^ 

including  4  carpels. .  It  is  a  native  of  the  rocks  of 

Sweden  near  Warberg. 

a  2.  C.  (v.)  TOifENTO^SA  Ltndl,  The  tomentose,  or  woolly, 

Cotoneaster. 

ldeni(ficatiom.    Llndl.  in  Lin.  Soc.  Trans.,  13.  p.  101. :  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p. 
632.;  Don's  Mill..  2.  p.  603.  *^ 


757.   C. 


WM. «  A^uu  ■  mill.,  z.  p.  DUO. 

Syntmifnut.    JtfSepllus  tomentdsa  WOU.  4».  2.  pi  1012.,  not  Lam. ;  M.  erio- 

cirpa  Bee.  Fl  Fr.  Synapt,  and  SnppL  No.  3691. 
Engraving.    Ovxjig.  738.  flroni  a  q>ecimen  in  the  Britiah  Mnsenm. 


Sj)ec.  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  obtuse  at  both  ends. 
Peduncles  and  calyxes  woolly.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  decidu- 
ous shrub,  like  the  preceding  species,  of  which  it  appears 
to  us  to  be  only  a  variety,  round  wild  on  the  rocks 


C.  (t.)  tamcntAsa. 


.    nOSACEf:    COTONEA'STEB. 


of  Jura,  and  ia  other  parts  of  tbe  Alpi  of  Switzerland  ;  and  \t 
ID  British  gardens  since  175D. 

«  3.  C.  (v.)  LAXiFLo'iiA  Jacg.    The  loose-flowered  Cotoneaater. 

Iwi.  nLJsdI.  BM.B»„t.iau  ;  Dos'i  HUL,  1,  p.  «M. 

H.Hig.,!.  1300.  (  •ndaur;l(>.7».  udTW. 
Spfc.Ciar^4^c.  Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  at  both  ^ 
ends,  stoooth  above,  and  woolly  beneath. 
Cjmes  panided,  [ulose.  Calyxes  qdte 
smooth.  Flowers  pink.  (DotCt  Mill) 
BrBnches  brownish  purple,  with  an  ash- 
coloured  cuticle,  which  peela  off!  A  de- 
ciduous shrub,  flowering  in  April,  and  having 
the  same  gen^^  appearance  and  habit  as  C. 
vulgarb,  but  differuig  Trom  it  in  having  large 
loose  racemes^and  in  the  colour  of  its  Sowers, 
and  their  greater  number.  It  was  raised  in 
the  Garden  of  the  Horticultural  Society, 
Irom  seeds  sent  by  Professor  Jacquin  of 
Vienna,  in  1826.  Its  native  country  is 
unknown.  t< 


4.  C  drnticui.a'ta.    The  tootlied4eavcd  Cotoneasler. 

l.atB,TDl.Tl.p,lU. 
«  B,  tfd.  tl.  L  Km.  I  ud  OUT  Jli.  T<l. 
Spec  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  elliptic, or  obovate-clliptic, 
rounded  on  both  ddea,  mucronate-cuspidate,  dea- 
ticuhte  at  the  apex,  coriaeeous,  smooth  above, 
tomentose,  pubescent  and  boarv  beneath.  Co- 
rymbs simple.  Flowers  sub-dodecandrous,  with 
1 — 8  stismas.  Calyx  woolly  tomentose.  {H,  et 
B.)  A  i£rub,  apparently  sub-evergreen,  and  very 
Uke  C,  vulg4ris.  Mexico,  on  elev^ed  plains 
near  Actiqw,  at  the  height  of  6000  ft.  Height 
?  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1839.  Flowers 
white ;  S^tember.  Fniit  ?.  Raised  in  the  Hor^ 
dculttiral  Society's  Garden  ftom  seeds  sent  home  % 

by  M.  Uartwcf.  "'■  'J-'"*''*^ 

}  ii.    Svb-wergreen  or  deciduenu.      Tall  Skntbi  or  hw  Tree*. 
■  S.  C.  FBi'oiDA  Watt.     The  frigid  Cotoneaster. 


.  PtnaWduliiHiin.  liiFioa.FLNm.^nT.,  Dec.  Prod.f  B.CM. 
I.  Bot  Bec.,t.l9».i  thapUUorUiliipKlMln  Alb.  Brit.ToLTLiudourJtr.TA 
j^f>rc.  Char,,  ifc.  Branchlets  woolly.  Leaves  ellipdcal,  mucronate,  coriaceous, 
crenulated,  ^abrous,  woolly  beneath  when  voung.  Corymbs  paniculate, 
terminal,  white,  and  wooUy.  Ponies  spherical.  {Dee.  Prod.}  A  sub-ever- 
green shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal,  on  the  higher  mountains  of  the  northern 
nvion.  Hdght  10  ft.  to  20(1.  Introduced  in  1824.  Flowers  of  a  snowy 
white,  produced  in  great  abundance  (  April  and  Hay.  Fruit  crimson,  or 
bright  red  ;  ripe  in  Septembe',  and  generally  remaimng  on  the  trees  great 
part  of  the  winter, 

A  remarkably  robust-growing,  sulv«vergreen,  low  tree,  producing  shoots  3  or 
4  feet  long  every  season,  when  young;  and,  in  3  or  4  years  from  the  seed, 
beconuDg  very  prolific  in  Bowers  and  miit.    As  the  fi^t,  with  the  greater  part 


ARBORETUM    BT   FRUTICETUH    DRITAKHtCUH. 


it  may  be  considered  v  an  erci^rcen.     It  u  very  hardy :  the  spedfic  i 
Irfgida  being  eiven  to  it  on  account  of  the  coldnen  of  ihe  locality  in  wukd  i 
wu  found.     It  18  pn^Mgated  by  grafting  on  the  comnton  faawthora. 

I  t  6.  C.  (f.)  Arefnii  Lmdl.     The  related  (to  C.  frigida)  Colonewter. 


*  o 


XXVI.  bobK^cejr:  cotonka'ster.  409 

Uaitghitiini.    LUkU.  In  Ud.  Sse.  Tnni.,  11.  p.  101. ;  Dec  Prad.,  1.  p.  GM. )  ind  Dod'i  kill.,  i. 

afmBufima.    jriqiaiu  ImattrTtiu  BamO.  ItSS. ;  JV.  ansli  D.  DtnPrvd.  tL  Ifrp,  m.  g  ?  C  ku- 

E^rar/nfi.    TlH  pUca  In  Arb.  Srtt.,  lu  adlL,  toI.  tI.  i  ud  gur  j^.  TU 

Spec.  Char.,  i[c.  Leaves  ovate,  with  a  small  mucro  at  the  tip,  and  tapered  at 
tbe  base.  Pedimcles  and  calnei  wocUj.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  sub-evergreen 
abrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal,  at  Chittong,  in  tbe  lower  country.  Height  10  ft. 
to  son.  Introduced  in  1B28.  Flowers  white;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
bright  red,  or  deep  crimson  ;  ripe  in  Beptember,  and  remaining  on  the 
trees  great  p«rt  of  tbe  winter. 
A  mbiut  shrub  or  low  tree,  in  general  habit  and  appearance  so  like  the 

preceding  sort,  as  to  induce  us  to  think  that  they  are  only  different  forma  of 

tbe  «snie  species.     They  are,  however,  diffirent  in  foliage,  and  on  that  account 

worth  keeping  distinct. 

I  1  7.  C.  AcuNiNA^TA  Lindl.    The  acumioated-^nneil  Cotoneaater, 

UfwHlamim.    Llndl.lDLlD.S«.Ttwu.,l*.p.lOI.)D«.P»d,l.p.ai.i  Dod'i  Mm.,!.  p.«» 
fciM^iiM.    Mnillui  uuahiiu  Laid.  But.  Cat.  t.  tit. 

J&rrwAui.    Lodd.  BM.  Ciii).,t.8».i  Lin.  Soc  Tms.,  IE  L  ■. -,  Ik*  pUta  of  ihli  qiecin  in  Alb. 
Sill.,  Ill  «UL,  TDl.  iL  i  ud  mr  fg.  iU. 


J 


0. 


Spec,  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  ovnte,  acuminated,  rather  pilose  on  both  surGuea. 
Peduncle*  glabrous,  1 — S,  rather  reflexed,  shorter  than  those  of  C.  vulgiris, 
C.  tomentdsa,  or  C.  affi^ii.  Calyies  glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  mb- 
evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  Nepal.  He^t  10ft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in 
1880.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  Hay.  Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  September, 
and  remaining  on  the  plants  all  the  winter. 
A  vigorous-growing,  fasd^te,  leathery-leaved  shrub,   or  very  handsome 

sub-evergreen  low  tree  ;  very  distinct,  and  a  most  desirable  species. 

X  8.  C.  KtiimiiLA^iA  Lmdl.     The  money-like-^pn^  Cotoneaater. 

UnUifltailim.    I 


LoSr!coU«lioti. 
Dtmailim.    Frobi_.^  ,. 
Engmimti.    Tb*  plaM 


■lllpUca  Hcrf.  i   BrloMUji  illliKlca  CiMI.  i 


Dtmailim.    FrobiblrfromiherouiHhisuofthclcat,  rtHinbllntifaanneralloi 


ARBORXTUM  £T    FRUTICXTUH    BRITANNIC  DM. 


wbicK  are  linear-lBnceotate,  membranoua,  and  soon  fall  off.     Bark,  buds, 
flower  buds,  stipules,  petiole,  the  under  suriace  of  the  disk  of  the  leaf,  a 
part  or  the  upper  surface  of  the    ' '  '■    --  i    ■.  ■_.    .  ■.!..  ■..  _ 

state  i  the  bark,  petioles,  inidr 
glabrous  when  old.    Flowers  u 

carpel,  which  has  a  bonj  shell,  mostij  solitary,  i^rect,  DrancDed  in  a  spread- 
ing manuer;  branchlets  straight,  slender.  An  el^ant  low  sub-erenrecn 
tree.  Nepal,  in  the  mountainous  r^ion.  Hdght  10  ft  to  15  ft.  hitrtv 
duced  in  1834-  Fbwers  white  ;  Aprfl  and  Hay.  Berries  numerous,  Uack ; 
ripe  in  September. 


§  iii.    Leaves  evergreen,  Ua&ery.      Low   Shrub*,  tcith  prostrate 
Branchet ;  Trailert,  but  not  prcperb/  Creepers. 

m.  0.  C.  BOTD.NDiPo^Lijt  WoU,     The  round-leaved  Cotoneaster. 

UtMifiealiim.  WtU.  Cmt.iLiDd].  But.  Rci.,  1139. 
. r-    -Icrophjltafl  tJ-n-flnTiW. 


., ... C.  mlcrophfUi  e  \ 


Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish,  pi- 
lose beneath,  eve^r^n.  Peduncles 
■-flowered.  Producing itswhiteflow- 
ers  in  April  and  May.  (IXmi'i  MtU.) 
An  evergreen  shrub.  Nepal,  on  / 
mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  +  ft.  In-^ 
troduced  in  1885.  Flowers  white, 
with  the  backs  of  the  petals  often 


XXVI.    AOSACE^:    AUBLA'tfCHJEB.  411 

pinkuh;  April  and  Hbj,    Fruit  bright  scarlet ;  ripein  August,  and  remain- 

Dig  on  all  the  winter. 

A  moot  desirable  <hrub  for  a  nnall  gnrden,  for  clothing  b  naked  vail,  cover- 
ing  rockwork,  or  grafting  standard  high,  so  as  to  form  a  pendent  evergreen  tree. 

B.  10.  C  (r.)  micropht'lla   Wall.     The  8ma]14eaTed  Cotoneaater. 
KaiHllaMM.    WilL«LlDdl.Bi>t.It««..t-lll<.|IXiD'iHni,t.p.<Ot. 
Engmiugl'    Bat.  Bit.,  L  l|]«.i  uil  ourjig.  TM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leavei  oblong,  obtus^  pubescent 

beneath,  evergreen.     Peduncles  usually  l-&owered- 

{Don'i  JHUL)     A  prostrate  evergreen  shrub,  closely 

leaembling  the  preceding  apedes,  and  in  our  <^inion 

onlj  a  variety  of  it.    Nepal.    Height  8  ft.  to  3  ft 

Introduced  iu  1GS4^    Flowen  white;  May  and  June. 

Berries  bright  scarlet ;  ripe  in  August,  and  remaining 

on  all  the  winter.  f 

It  U  exceedingly  hardy,  and  forms  a  fine  plant  on 
rockwork,  or  on  a  lawn,  where  it  has  room  to  extend      j^j,  o.».)~i=^ayi^ 
itself.      A  plant  of  C.  microph^lla,  at  High   Clere, 

of  about  lOyears'  growth,  was,  in  1835,  6ft.  high,  and  formed  a  dense  bush, 
covering  a  space  21  ft.  in  diameter.  Another,  8t  Redleaf,  was,  in  1S3T,  nearly 
ai  large.  Grafted  etandard  hi^  on  the  thorn,  or  any  of  its  congeners,  this 
shrub  forms  a  ainenlar  and  beautiful  evergreen  drooping  tree :  or  it  will  cover 
a  naked  wall  nearly  as  rapidly  as  ivy;  and  it  possesses  a  decided  advantage 
over  that  plant,  and  particularly  over  the  variety  called  the  giant  ivy,  in  Us 
shoois,  which  may  be  prevented  from  extending  many  inches  from  the  fhce  of 
the  wtdl,  and,  consajuently,  bang  not  likely  to  injure  the  plants  growing  near 
it.  Were  the  practice  of  truning  trees  and  shrubs  in  arcnitectimil  or  sculp- 
tural shapes  b^ui  to  come  into  fashion,  there  are  few  plants  belter  adapted  for 
the  purpose  than  this  and  the  preceding  sort  of  Cotonefister. 

B.  11.  C.  (r.)  svxno'Lii.  Wail.    The  Box-leaved  Cotooeaster. 

UnKflcaHtn.    W>U.«  LlodL  Dot.  Ilt«.,L  IKS.)  Dai|-|liai.,l.p.«Di 
Mmiiml*t.    Oorjfc.TW.  ftTIiailllitini^idinim. 

^pfc.  Cbar,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  woolly  beneath, 
evergreen.  Peduncles  2 — 3-flowered,  woolly. 
Flowers  white.  (Don'«  AM.)  A  native  of 
Neelgh^ry;  introduced  in  1BS4;  and  ap- 
parently a  variety  of  C.  rotundif&lia,  from 
which  It  differs  in  having  the  peduncles  8- 
and  Sewered,  but  scarcely  in  any  thing 

Forvfy. 

>■  C.  (i.)    S    marpnala,   C.  marginftia  ~^ 

XmuU.,    has    rather    larger    leaves,  "''  *■ ''''  '"'"'*■ 

which  are  covered  thickly  on  the  under  side  and  marrin  with  a  dense 
white  tomentum.  Raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Qarden  in 
1838,  from  seeds  received  fi-om  Dr.  Falconer  of  Sabarunpwe. 

GsNcs  XVIII. 


AMELA'KCHIEB  Med.     Thb  Aitblancbibb.     Lm.  SyU.  Icosfindria 

IM-PentHgjnia, 

Uauytcmliim.    Hfd.  Ct«h.,  IT33.1  Llndl,  b Lin.  Soc,  Trwu.,  II.  p.  100.  j  Dec.  Prod,,!,  p. 631.;, 


412 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRlTANNfCUM. 


SMonymet.    Metpnua  L. ;  ffnu  W. ;  ArbtAti  Pert. 

jjeriiMUion.    According  to  Clusiiu,  Amelancter  It  tho  old  Savoy  luime  for  A.  Tulgiris.  (£.  (ffPL") 
Amelancier  Is  the  Savoy  name  for  the  medlar. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  5-cleft.  Peiais  lanceolate.  Stajnem  rather  shorter  than 
the  cal3rx.  Ovarium  of  10-cells,  or  of  5  bipartite  ones.  Omda  10,  solitary 
in  the  partitions  of  the  cells.  Stylet  5,  joined  together  a  little  at  the  base. 
Pome,  when  mature,  3 — 5  celled.  Seeds  3 — 5;  endocarp  cartilaginous. 
(Don's  MUl.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  serrated.  Flowers  white, 
in  racemes.  Bracieas  linear  lanceolate,  deciduous.  —  Small  trees,  natives  of 
Europe,  America,  or  Asia. 

In  British  gardens,  they  are  cultivated  for  their  flowers,  which  are  white, 
abundant,  showy,  and  produced  early  in  the  season ;  for  their  fruit,  which 
ripens  in  June ;  and  for  the  deep  red,  or  rich  yellow  hue,  which  their  foliage 
assumes  in  autumn.  They  are  propagated  b^  grafting  on  the  hawthorn  or  the 
quince;  or  the  weaker  on  the  stronger-growing  species  of  the  genus. 

^  I.  A.  vuLGA^Ris  Mcench.    The  common  Amelanchier. 

JdaHifieatiom.    Mcench  Meth^  SB^. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  3.  p.  Sn.  tpon's  MIUh  fi:  p.  604. 

Synomrmet.    AftepUut  Amelanckier  Lfn.  Sp.  SBS.,  Jaoq.  Fl.  Aiutr.  t.  SOO.  j  P^nu  Amdanickier 

Wnld.  Sp.  S.  p.  lOlS. ;  if rimia  rotundlfdlla  Pen,  S^.  2.  p.  89. ;  CnUt^wm  rotundif  dlia  Lam. ; 

S6rlHU  AmOdnckier  Cranu ;  Alte ler  Amelanchier,  Amelaiidiler  des  Bolt,  NefUer  4  FeuiUes  nmdet, 

Fr.  \  Febenblme,  Ger. ;  Pero  cervlno.  ItaL 
Engrmingt.    Jacq.  Fl.  Austr.,  t.  800. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t  9480.  \  and  am  Jig.  780. 

Spec,  Char,y  8fc,  Leaves  roundish-oval, 
bluntish,  downy  beneath,  afterwards 
glabrous.  Fruit  dark  blue.  (l}ec.  Prod,) 
A  deciduous  low  tree.  Continent  of 
Europe,  the  Alps,  Pyrenees,  and  atPon-  4- 
tainbfeau  in  France.  Height  15ft.  to 
20  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
white  ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  black, 
soft  And  eatable;  ripe  in  July.  Decaying 
leaves  bright  yellow. 

A  most  desirable  low  tree,  on  account 
of  its  early  and  numerous  flowers,  which 
cover  the  tree  like  a  white  sheet,  about  the 
middle  of  April,  and,  in  very  mild  seasons, 
even  in  March. 

*  S  2.   A,  (v.)  Botrta'pium  Dec.   The  Grape-Pear,  or  Snotoy-blossomed 

Amelanchier.    . 

Jdeni^lcaHon.  Dec.  Prod.«  S.  p.  682. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  901. :  Don*t  1fI11..S.  p.  SCM. 
S^nompmes.  Jtffeipiltts  canadfotli  Lm.  Sp.  185. ;  Jtf .  arbdrea  Mtehg.  Art,  S.  t  06.  &  Oats'gus  rac«. 
mbia  ZMm.  Diet.  I.  p.  S4. ;  Pfpu  Botnrkpium  Lm.  JU.  Siqtpl.  p.  256. ;  ilr5nia  Botryftplam  Pen. 
Stm.  2.  p.  39. ;  the  Canadian  Medlar.  Snowy  Mespiioi,  June  Berrr,  vfld  Fear  Tree ;  AUiier  do 
Cbolsy.  Amelanchier  de  ChoUy,  Allfier  i  Grappet,  Pr. :  Traubeomme,  Ger. 
Engravmgs.  Schm.  Arb.,  t.  84. ;  Wllld.  AbbUd.,  t.  79. :  Kraute^  t.  96. :  the  plates  of  thii  tpedet. 
In  a  young  and  an  old  state,  tn  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt  edit.,  rol.  tI.  $  wu^.  761.,  from  a  fpedmen  taken 
from  the  tree  in  the  Horticulture  SodetT*t  Garden,  with  the  learee  and  flowers  fully  expanded ; 

and  JIgi.  769.  and  768.,  copied  from 

Mlchaux's  North  Amerieam  jj|f/mi; 

•/Ig.  761.  showing  the  plant  In  spring 

before  the  flowers  are  ftally  opened ; 

■nd  Jig.  762.  showing  the  plant  in 

fruit.-   Both  diflbr  In  some  respects 

tram  Jig.  ?&&  See  Sir  W.  J.  Hooaer't 

remarks  under  A.  oHUs,  Ko.  4. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  ob- 
long-ellipti(»l,  cuspidate, 
somewhat  villous  when 
young,  afterwards  glabrous. 
{Dec,  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
751.  J.  (r.)  Botiykpiani.  shrub  or  low  tree,  closely     7m.  ii.  <*.)  BobTM 


XXTI.   HOBA'cEiE  :   AUEL^NCBIES. 

resembling  the  precedine  species ;  and  by  aomc  bo-      /\ '  '  1/  n 
tanista  considered  ai  onlj  a  vmrietv  of  it  America.     /'\  N  '  1/ 
Height  in  Ajuerica  30ft.  to  40ft.,  with  a  trank   L\,/ 
10  in,  to   18  in.  in  diameter;   in   England  fOft.  J^     r     /- 
to  30ft.     Introduced  in   17M.      Flower*  white;  I 
April.     Fruit  purple,  agreeable  to  eat;  ripe  in  the  I 
be^nbg  of  June.     Decayiiig  leaves  rich  yellow. 
A  very  ornamental  tree,  from  iti  profluion  of 

blossoms  early  in  April,  and  irom  its  rich  autumiial 

foUage;  and  even  the  fruit  is  not  altogeth^  to  be 

d^iueii,  cither  eaten  by  itself,  or  in  tarts,  pies,  and 

giddings.  The  wood  is  white,  and  it  exhibits  no  dif- 
rence  between  the  heart  and  the  sap  :  it  is  lonratu-  ( 
dinally  traversed  by  small  bright  red  vessels,  wnicli 
intersect  each  other,  and  run  together  ;  a  physiolo- 
gical peculiarity  which,  Michaux  observes,  oi  ' 
ID  the  red  birch. 

•  T  3.  ^.    (v.)  sanoui'nbi  Dec.     The  blood-coloured  Amelanchier. 
UoMctk,^    Dm.  Pr«l..  L  p.  sn. ;  Llndl.  hi  Bo[.  Re(.,  L  ]ITI.  t  H«k.  n.  Bor.  Abmt.,  I. 

pTKa.  1  Doo'i  HUi..  1.  p.  OM. 

-     — —  lUEiinai'inkn.jdiHr.  Sfjx.  l.p.Mai.(i«iiUMnta<»aXiitt.(  mpfloi 

Jir6lUVtolmi»«.*r.  .(■wr.l.P-HH- 
'  '"rl.iiDdaiirAKTM.aBiI 


Sptt.  Char.,^c.  Leave*  oral,  obtuse  at  both  eodi,  n]Ucronate,Gnely  serrated, 
somewhat  heart-shaped  at  the  base.  Flowers  few  in  a  raceme.  Calyx  gla- 
brous. Petals  linear,  obtus&  Fruit  eateUe.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
■r  large  shrub.  Hudson's  Bny.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced 
■ Fruitdart  '      —    ' ---^ --'- — ^ 


n  IBS4.    Flowers  white;  April.  : 


:,  full  of  blood-coloured 


.      ,  dart  purple, 

juice;  ripe  in  July.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 
This  plant  diflbrs  from  A.  (v.)  Botryitpium  in  the  fewer  flowers,  much  shorter 
raceme,  and  shorter,  broader,  and  more  ovate  petals ; 
in  the  young  leaves  being  perfectly  destitute  of  pubes- 
cence, and  the  head  somewhat  fastigiale. 
•  T4.  .4.  (v.)ovA'Lisi}<'c.  The  oval-Zn/ Amelanchier. 
.    I>«.Proil..«.p.N9.|  Ilon'>MIII.,!.p.eill. 

,.. — ■ ._.._  ,__  .,...  .  p.gj;?,  jfiipiiiii 

„'^f,^i,Z: 

triM.  4>.S.  p.  10)4,1  j<rtellI»Ut>r(n.Sn.t.  p.  Mo. ;  AmelUb 
•Mrr  du  Cuikk.  AlUvr  S  B-^,  FT.  |  TundbUiuilge  BInw,  Oer. 

5piT.  Our.,  j'c-  Leaves  roundish-elliptical,  acute ; 
when  young,  rather  velvety  beneath  ;  when  adult, 
glabrous.  Raceme  coarctate.  Petals  obovate.  Calyx 
pubescent.  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  la^  deciduous  shrub  ' 
or  low  tfee.     North  America,  ftom  Lake  Huron  to   ' 


Bumam/wui.      CrmLm^rat  iplc 
AiSdndUer  Wilt.  Ctr.  p. 


414  ARBORETUM  £T    FRUTICETUM  BBfTANNICUM. 

the  Rocky  Mountains.  Hdght  10  ft.  to  20  ft.    Introduced  in  1800.   Flowers 
white ;  April.    Fruit  purple ;  ripe  in  Julj.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 

Varietiei, 

A  ¥  A.  (Vf)  o.  2  suhcordata  Dec. ;  ilrdnia  subcord&ta  Raf, ;  ilfillus  micro- 
dirpa  Raf, — A  native  of  mountains  near  New  York.  {Dee.  Prod.) 

A  !B  A.  (o.)  o.  3  tenA-mtegriJoUa  Hook.  FI.  Bor.  Amer.  p.  201. — Leaves  for 
the  most  part  separated  at  the  apex.  A  native  about  the  Gn^id 
Rapids,  and  at  Fort  Vancouver,  on  the  Columbia. 

Sir  Wm.  J.  Hooker  is  disposed  to  agree  with  Dr.  Torrey,  who  suspects  this 
to  be  onlv  a  variety  of  A,  Botryilpium ;  and  he  adds  that  Michaux  seems  to 
have  included  A,  Botry^ium  ana  A*  vulg^s  under  his  A,  canadensis.  The 
wood  of  A*  ovMis,  according  to  Dr.  Richardson,  is  prized  by  the  Cree  Indians 
for  making  arrows  and  pipe  stems;  and  it  is  thence  termed  by  the  Canadian 
voyagers  Bois  de  fleche.  Its  berries,  which  are  about  the  size  of  a  pea,  are  the 
finest  fruit  in  the  country ;  and  are  used  by  the  Cree  Indians  both  in  a  ftesh 
and  in  a  dried  state.  They  **  make  excellent  puddings,  very  little  inferior  to 
plum-pudding."  {Hook,  FL  Bor.  Amer.,  i.  p.  203.} 

A  ¥  5.  A.  (v.)  FLo^RiDA  Ltndk    The  ilowery  Amdanchier. 

IdaUificaiion.    Ltndl.  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1689. ;  Gard.  Mag.,  toI.  iz.  p.  484. 

Ef»gra9i$t^.    Bot.  Beg.,  1. 1889. ;  and  our  figt,  7S6.  to  a  scale  of  S  in.  to  1ft.,  and  Jig.  757.  of  the 
natural  liae. 

Spec.  Char.t  S^c.    Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  coarsely 

serrate  in  the  terminal  portion,  glabrous  in  every  state. 

Bracteas  and  stipules  featnery  at  the  tip,  soon  falling  off. 

Flowers  in  upright  racemes,  many  in  a  raceme.  Calyx  gla- 
brous externally ;  its  segments  longer 
than,  or  at  least  as  long  as,  Uie 
stamens.  (Lindl.^  A  handsome 
hardy  deciduous  snrub  or  low  tree, 
in  habit  and  general  appearance  like 
il.  (v.^  Botry^piuni,  but  at  once 
recogmsed  as  distinct  by  its  fastigiate 
habit  of  growth,  and  by  the  saort> 
757.  A.  <..,  iidruu.  "«»  of  its  stamens.  North  America,  ^^  ^      ^^^ 

on   the  north-west  coast.    Height 

10  ft.  to  20  ft.    Introduced  in  1826.    Flowers  white ;  May.    Fruit  purple ; 

ripe  m  August.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow. 

Vttrietif, 

M  A.  (o.)  /.  2  parmfdUa,  the  A.  parvifolia  of  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden,  is  of  a  dwarf  habit,  not  growing  above  3  or  4  feet  high,  and 
has  smaller  leaves. 

The  leaves  somewhat  resemble  those  of  the  hornbeam ;  the  petals  vary  in 
length,  some  having  measure  more  than  }  of  an  inch.  In  general  habit,  it  is 
somewhat  more  fastigiate  than  the  other  sorts,  unless  we  except  i4.  sanguinea, 
to  which,  Dr.  Lindley  observes,  it  is  very  near  akin.  Possibly  a  distinct  spe- 
cies, but  we  doubt  it. 

Genus  XIX* 


il/E^SPILUS  Lindl.    The  Medlar.    Lin.  St/st.  Icosdndria  Di-Pentag^nia. 

Jdentiflcation,    Lindl.  In  Lfn.  Trani.,  IS.  p.  99. }  Dec  Prod.,  2.  p.  GS3. ;  Don*f  IfilL,  Sljd.  G04. 
Sytum^mes.    iftspilut  cp.  of  Lin.  nnd  otnen ;  Metpfldphora  tp.  of  Neck. ;  Ncflier,  iV. ;  MispeS 

Gcr. ;  Nespolo,  Jtal 
Derivation.    From  tncios,  a  half,  and  jviYof ,  a  bu!iet ;  fruit  reaembllng  half  a  bullet. 


XXVI.    SOSA^CBX:    AMELA'tfCmBS.  415 

Gen.  Char.     Cafyx  5-dtA,  the  lesmeati  roliaceooi 

.Dili  large,  full  of  honey.    Sh/let  2 — 5,  glsbrou 

5-celled.     Endocarp  bony,  (ijon'i  MiU.'i 

Leavei  ninple,  alternate,  BtipulMo,    aeciduotu  t   lanceolate,    serrulated. 

Flowen  large,  noirjy  leasile,  usually  aoUtarj,  white.  BracteM  permanent. — 

Trees  ;  in  a  wild  itate  furnished  with  spines.     Natives  of  Europe. 

The  first  spedes  is  cultivated  Ibr  its  fruit,  which  is  eatable,  and  the  seeds  of 
which  are  accounted  anti-lithic  The  second  spedes  is  an  ornamental  shrub 
or  tow  tree,  of  the  ^eral  character  of  a  CVatK'gus.  Both  are  propagated  by 
grafting  on  the  quince,  the  wild  pear,  or  the  common  hawthorn  ;  and  both 
grow  fredy  in  any  common  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry. 

1  I.  M.  oebma'nica  L,     The  German,  or  common.  Medlar. 
tda^allim.    LId.  Sp.,e84.|  PiU.  FL  Rau.,L  II.  L  1. 1   Dtc  Ptsd.,l.|i,  6S1.  i  Dm'tUm^i. 


S/)ec.  Char.,  J^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  tomentosc  beneath,  undivided.  Flowers 
solitary,  i^c.  Prod.)  \  deciduous  tree  of  Ibe  nccond  rank.  Europe 
and  the  West  of  Aula,  in  bushy  placet  and  woods ;  and  said  to  be  found, 
also,  in  Kent,  Sussex,  Surrey,  and  about  Chester,  in  Bnglniid ;  tqiparenlly 
in  a  truly  wild  state  in  Sunsex.  Cultivated  in  15913.  Flowers  white  ; 
May  and  June.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October  and  November.  Decaying 
leaves  dark  brown,  or  yellow. 


416  ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTlCETtlH   BRITAHHICUH. 

t  W.g.  I  i^j^tlrii  Mill.  Diet.  No.  t.  —  Sfinj.  Fruit  bibbII.     It  kwei 

its  8[HneR  in  b  Htale  of  ciiltirati<Hi. 
t  yi.g.2  itrkta  Dec.,  Aic  Hoit.  Kew.  U.  p.  172.,  Dod.  Pempt.  801.— 

Spineles.1.     Leaves  doubl;  HsrHted. 
X  M.  g.  3  i£^uM  Dec,  AiL  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.  172.,  Du  Ham.  Arti.  Fr.  i. 

t.  3. —  ThonilesB.     Leavea  nearly  entire.     Fruit,  io  many  imtancea, 

abortive  of  seedi. 
In  the  Hortimllural  Sodetj^t  Fndt  Catalogue,  the  following  four  culti- 
vated sorti  are  given,  which  may  be  considered  as  artificial  Tarietiei :  — 

1.  Blak^t  large-fndted  Medlar. 

2.  Dutch  Affdlar.  —  Fruit  the  largeat  of  any. 

3.  yoitmgAam,  or  common.  Medlar.  —  Fruit  obovate,  middle  size,  and  of 

the  best  quality  ;  the  only  sort  worth  cultivating  for  its  fruit  in 
England. 

4.  Tie  tloneku  Medlar.  —  Fruit  small,  and  of  little  merit. 

The  fruit  of  the  medlar  is  not  eaten  till  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay,  when 
it  is  very  agreeable  to  some  palated ;  though  it  is,  as  Du  Hamel  olnerves, 
more  un  frmi  de  Janiaifie,  than  one  of  utility.  A  number  of  trees  of  the  dif- 
ferent vnrictiea  may  be  seen  in  the  orchard  of  the  Hordcutturel  Society'i 
Garden,  where  they  have  taken  very  picturesque  shapes. 

1  a.  M.  Shi'thu  Dec.    Smith'ft  Medlar. 

lilatlttlcalim.    DKl>n)d.,a.ii.En^  I>aii'iKUI.,l.p.M«. 

^ V,  grudlVin  SmO*  SmL  Bat.l.p.t».\  M.  IdUU  Pa/T.  Bad.  Id  Sot.  V«.  t.  SM*. 

amlUiEiM.  BoL,  I.E.  is.  I  BoClbs,,  LStts.i  UwplUaarthliiiwIciliiS^Brit., 

Tl.iUiooiA.KO. 


(J 


\ 


Sjicc.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  obloiw,  elliptic,  serrated,  pubescent  on  the 
beneath.     Flowers  usuallv  sohl  ' "    '    """  •      '    '     ■  ■ 

rambling  irregular  brancnc 


beneath.     Flowers  usuallv  solitary.  (Don'i  MUl.) 

'tling  irregular  branches.     Native   country   unknown.      Cultivated  In 
lJ-00.     Height    15ft.   to   SOfl.     Flowers   white;  May  and  June.     Fruit 


reddish  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

As  hardy  as  the  common  medlar,  and  well  deserving  a  plso 
plmilationa  for  the  beauty  of  its  flowers,  which  are  produced  in  great  pro- 
fusion. The  general  aspect  and  habit  of  the  tree  are  those  of  a  Cntai'gui  ; 
and,  indeed,  it  is  bj  many  persons  considered  as  more  properly  belonging  to 
that  genus  than  to  ^<^ilus. 


XXVI.    R08ACE2E:    PY  UUS.  417 

Genus  XX. 


ffl3a 


PY'RUS  Lindl.     Thb  Pbar  Tree.    ZAn,  Sytt.  Icosdndria  Di-Pentag/nia. 

Identifleaikm,    Llndl.  Lin.  Soc.  Tr.,  18.  p.  97. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  2.  p.  68& ;  Don*f  Bfill.,  S.  p.  60R. 
Sfwmnma.   Ffrju  MUut,  and  5flrbtts,  TIram. ;  Ffrvu  and  Mrbuf  L/m.  ;  Pyrdphoram  and  Apy- 
rdpborum  Neek. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  with  an  urceolate  tube,  and  a  6-lobed  limb.  Peiafs 
roundish.  Styles  usually  5,  rarely  2  or  3.  Pome  closed,  5-celled.  PutO" 
men  cartilaginous.  Seeds  2  in  eacn  cell.  Testa  cartilaginous.  (Don*s  Mill.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  sometimes  sub-ever- 
green ;  entire,  serrated,  or  pinnately  divided.  Flowers  numerous,  in 
cymes.    Bracteas  subulate,  deciduous. 

Low  trees,  and  some  shrubs ;  almost  all  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  and  North  America.  Some  of  them  are  in  great  estimation  throughout 
the  world  for  their  fnut ;  and  others  are  cultivated  chiefly  for  their  flowers. 
Under  Uie  genus  P^nis,  botanists  have  lately  united  the  Linnamn  genera 
pyrus  and  £Srbus,  together  with  several  species  formerly  included  under 
3f  espilus,  CVatte^gus,  and  other  genera. 

Some  of  the  species  of  Pyrus  are,  and  have  been  for  ages,  the  most  univer- 
sally cultivs^ed  of  all  ligneous  plants  ;  the  apple  and  the  pear  being  highly 
esteemed  fruits,  both  in  the  temperate  and  transition  zones  of  both  hemi- 
spheres. These,  and  all  the  species  of  the  genus,  are  propagated  by  grafting 
on  the  wild  varieties  of  each  division. 

J  1.   PyrOphoYum  Dec. 

Sect,  Char,  Petals  spreading,  flat.  Styles  5,  distinct.  Pome  more  or  less 
top-shaped,  or  subgiobose,  without  a  concavity  at  the  base.  Pedicels  simple, 
umbeled.  Leaves  simple,  not  glanded.  {Dec,  Prod,,  it  p.  633. )  This  sec- 
tion comprehends  all  toe  pears,  properly  so  called. 

S  I.  P.  coMMU^Nis  L,    The  common  Pear  Tree. 

IdaU(fteatkm.    lAtax.  Sp.,  686. ;  Dee.  Prod.,  9.  p.  633. ;  Don't  Mill.,  S.  p.  605. 

Sjfnonjpnes,     P.  il*cbras  Gartn.  Fruet.  2.  p.  44.  t.  87. ;   P.  f ylvistrlt  Dod.  Prmpt,  800. ;  Pjrristor 

Jtojf  Si/n.  4Ml  ;  Poirier,  Fi". ;  gemelne  BIme,  or  Bimebaam,  Oer,  {  Pero  domestlco.  Jial. ;  Pera, 

Span* ;  and  Gnucbka,  Anu/aii. 
Engrmitigs.    Blackw.  Herb.,  t.  4.'^. ;   Bng.  Bot.,  t.  17S4. ;   the  plato  of  this  species  in  Arb.  Brit-, 

l«t  edit,  vol.  W. ;  and  our>^.  761. 

Spec,  Char.y  S^c,  Branches  and  buds  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate,  serrated,  gla^ 
brous  upon  both  surfaces.  Flowers  corymbose.  {Dec,  Prod.)  A  deciduous 
tree  of  the  middle  size.  Europe,  in  woods  and  waste  places,  from  the  east 
of  Russia  to  the  west  of  England.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  rarely  70  ft.  In  cul- 
tivation from  time  immemorial.  Flowers  white,  never  tinged  with  pink  like 
those  of  the  apple ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  in  a  wild  state  green,  turning 
yellowish  in  ifovembcr.    Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow  or  reddish  yellow. 

Varieties,  DeCandoUe  mentions  two  forms  of  the  wild  species,  compara^ 
tively  permanent ;  to  which  we  have  added  several  others,  the  result  oi  cul- 
tivation, and  which  are  more  or  less  accidental  or  temporary.  To  these  we 
miriit  have  subjoined  a  class  of  wild  pears  with  hoar^  leaves,  such  as  P. 
nivalis,  P.  jalicif51ia,  &c.,  which  we  consider  as  varieties,  or  races,  though 
commonly  treated  as  species  ;  but  we  have  preferred  giving  them  afterwards 
as  distinct  sorts. 

*  P.  c.  1  A>chras  Wallr.  Sched.  p.  213. —  Spiny.  Leaves  woolly  when 
young,  but  afterwards  glabrous ;  the  disk  ovate,  acuminate,  entire ; 
the  petiole  long.  Tube  of  the  calyx  woolly  when  young,  afterwards 
becoming  glabrous.     Pome  with  its  basal  part  long. 

B  B 


ARBOnETUH   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


J  P.  c.  8  Pyritfer  Wallr.  Sched.  p.  B!4.,  Oaertn.  Fr.  t.  97.  f.  8.— Spiny. 
Leavea  roundish,  acute,  Bhtupl;  eerrated,  glabrous  even  when  youn);. 
Tube  of  the  calyx,  while  young,  glabrous.      Pome  rounded  at  the 

X  P,  c.  Afo&it  variegaUi  has  Tarie^ated  leaves. 

t  P.f.  4_/rie/B  MTtegflVo  has  the  BKinof  the  ftuit  variegated  with  yellow 

and  white. 
T  P.  c.  5.  langtdnoUtda,  the  langtiinole  Pear,  has  the  flesh  of  the  fruit  red 

or  reddish  ;  and,  though  small  and  gritty,  is  not  bad  to  eat  when  ripe. 
t  P.c.OJlonplenc,   Poire  6e  V Anainie  Bon.  Jard.   p.  43.,   has  double 

I  P.c.l.jdtpida;  Bon  Chr£tien  &  Bois  jaspf  Bon.  Jant.  edit.  1836, 
p.  424.  ;  has  the  bark  of  the  wood  BtripeJ  with  yellow. 

t  P.  c.  6  lo'ttia  Dec.  —  Without  spines.  Tnis  is  the  cultivated  variety, 
of  which  there,  are  very  numerous  subvorieties  in  gardens.  For 
these  DeCandoIle  refers  us  to  Miller's  Dictiiauiry,  and  to  Du 
Hamel's  Det  Arbrti  Fyidfuri ;  but,  at  the  present  ume,  by  far  the 
most  complete  collectioD  in  the  world,  of  cultivated  pears,  is  in  the 
earden  of  the  London  Horticultural  Society ;  and  they  are  described 
in  the  P^mt  Catalogue  {edit.  1831J  of  thm  body.  Fror-  •'•"  "—■- 
•'    ""  '  .    i-  ..       ..     ^  ...    -.       ,|gj^ 

il  trees,  and  as 


Beurri  IXel.  —  Leaves  large,  and  Rowers  very  lai^.  A  hardy  tree, 
somewhat  faitigiate  in  its  shape  ;  a  great  bearer,  and  deserting  of 
extensive  cultivation  on  account  of  itR  fruit,  independently  altoge- 
ther of  its  handsome  shape  and  large  Sowers. 

Betirri  de  Sam  (not  Beurr6e  ranee,  as  commonly  written,  which  means 
rank,  or  rancid).  —  Branches  spreading,  or  pendulous.  The  best 
very  late  pear  yet  known.     It  bears  very  well  as  a  standard. 

Beii  de  la  Motle. — Leaves  remarkably  narrow. 

Glmii  Morceau.Cfig.  76S.)  —  Branches  spreading.  Mead  pyramidal.  A 
bardy  tree,  and  a  great  bearer.    The  fruit  of  most  excellent  fiavour. 


XXVI.  ROBA'cE*:  py'rus. 


•nd  haling  lue  on  the  tree.    There  u  a  plate  of  this  Tarieiy  in  the 
Arb.  Snt^  1st  edit.,  vol  ti. 
A'spotfoH.  —  Learcs  broad  and  shining.    Blossoms  lai^ge.      The   tree 

Tigorous,  and  a  good  bearer.  Tbc  fruit  excelleDt. 
SiBoii't  Egg. — A  haodsome  pjramidal  tree,  and  an  excellent  beater.  The 
fhiit  rouudufa,  or  obovate.  This  is  one  nf  the  commonefit  pear 
trees  in  the  inarket.{ardens  about  London  ;  and  we  have  introduced 
the  name  here,  from  havinE  ourselves  observed  the  handsome  shapes 
Uken  by  the  trees.  The  fruit,  however,  as  compared  with  Uiat  of 
the  above  sorts,  is  not  worth  cultivating. 

Tie  foUoumg  Scotch  peart  are  recommended  by  Mr.  Gonie,  as 

forms  adapted  for  landscape  scenery ;  but  little  can  be  said  in  favour 

of  their  fruit,  as  compared  with  that  of  the  new  Flemish  varieties. 

71ie  Sentie,  the  Golden  Knap,  and  the  Elcho  take  (astigiate  forms  ;  the 

latter  more  especially,  Mr.  Oorrie  saya,  may  be  called  the  Lombardy 

poplar  of  the  pear  tribe.     These  trees  ^nerally  attain  the  height 

of  from  45  (^.  to  50  ft.  in  as  many  years,  in  the  Carse  of  Oowrte,  In 

Perthshire, 

TTicbuiked  Lady  and  the  Pour  Meg  take  mireading  orbiculate  forms,  such 

as  will  assort  with  the  ^cerPscildo-ilitanus,  and  maybe  called  the 

oaks  and  elms  of  the  pear  family.  (  See  Goj*!/.  Jffa^.,  vol.  iv.  p.  11.) 

The  pear  tree,  in  a  wild  state,  has  a  pyramidal-shaped  head,  with  thorny 

branches,  at  first  erect,  and  alierwarda   curved  downwards  and  pendulous. 

The  roots  are  few,  and  descend  perpendicularly,  with  few  lateral  ramifications, 

except  !d  shallow  and  rich  soil.     The  leaves  vary  exceedingly  in  different 

■oils,  and  in  different  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia  :  in  Britain  they  are  generally 

green,  and  slishtly  tomentose,  and  do  not  differ  greatly  in  magnitude  ;  but  in 

the  woods  of  Poland,  and  in  the  vast  steppes  of  Kussia,  the  leaves  of  the 

wild  pear  trees  are  commonly  white  with  down,  and  vary  so  exceedingly  in 

their  dimensions,  as  to  include  what  are  called  the  willow-leaved,  the  snge- 

leaved,  the  el{eagnue-leaved,  and  other  narrow-leaved  varieties,  which  by 


4-20  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

many  are  considered  to  be  species.    The  fruit  of  the  pear,  in  a  wild  state,  is 
seldom  more  than  a  fourth  part  of  the  size  of  even  the  most  ordinary  culti- 
vated varieties ;  and  it  is  also  austere,  and  unfit  to  eat.     The  plant  is  always 
found  on  a  dry  soil,  and  more  frequently  on  plains  than  on  hills  or  moun- 
tains ;  and  solitary,  or  in  small  groups,  rather  than  in  woods  and  forests.     The 
rate  of  growth  is  2  or  3  feet  a  year  for  the  first  6  or  7  years  ;  in  10  years 
it  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft.  in  gardens ;  and  in  30  years  the  heignt  of 
50  ft.,  with  a  trunk  from  1  ft.  to  18  in.  in  diameter  ;  which  may  be  considered 
its  average  dimensions  in  Britain.     The  •  tree  is  of  great  longevity.    M.  Bosc 
says  that  he  has  seen  trees  that  were  considered  to  be  more  than  400  years 
old ;  and  Mr.  Knight  believes  that  there  are  trees  of  the  Teynton  squash 
(a  famous  perry  pear)  which  existed  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth 
century.    All  writers  on  trees,  from  Theophrastus  to  we  present  day,  agree 
that,  as  the  tree  erows  old,  it  increases  in  fruitfulncss  ;  wnich  is,  indeed,  the 
case  with  most  other  trees. 

The  wood  of  the  wild  pear  is  heavy,  strong,  compact,  of  a  fine  grain,  and 
slightly  tinged  with  red.  It  weighs,  green,  79  lb.  5  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  and, 
when  dry,  from  49  lb.  to  53  lb.  This  wood,  in  common  with  that  of  all  the 
i?os4cee,  is  liable  to  have  its  natural  colour  changed  by  steeping  it  in  water ; 
which  ought,  therefore,  to  be  avoided  when  it  is  intended  for  particular  piu*- 
poses.  It  is  readily  stained  black,  and  then  so  closely  resembles  ebony  as  to  be 
scarcely  distinguishable  from  it.  When  it  can  be  obtained,  it  is  much  used  by 
turners  and  pattern-makers ;  also  for  joiners'  tools,  and  to  make  various 
articles  which  are  dyed  black  in  imitation  of  ebony.  As  fuel,  the  wood  of 
the  pear  is  excellent,  producing  a  vivid  and  diu^'le  flame,  accompanied  by 
intense  heat.  It  also  makes  excellent  charcoal.  The  leaves,  according  to 
Withering,  afford  a  yellow  dye,  and  may  be  used  to  cive  a  green  to  blue  cloths. 
The  great  use  of  the  pear  tree,  however,  is  as  a  tniit  tree.  The  firuit  is  used 
in  the  dessert,  and  for  stewing  and  preserving.  It  is  also  occasionally  used  in 
tarts«  though  very  inferior  for  this  purpose  to  apples.  In  France  and  belgium, 
the  firuit  is  very  generally  dried  in  ovens,  in  which  state  it  forms  an  article  of 
commerce  both  domestic  and  foreign,  and  will  keep  a  year.  It  is  also  dried  in 
this  manner  in  Russia;  and,  when  stewed,  is  excellent,  either  as  a  substitute 
for  pies  and  puddings,  or  as  forming  part  of  the  dessert.  It  is  essential  that 
the  soil  should  be  dry ;  and,  where  the  tree  is  intended  to  grow  large  and  be 

})roductive,  it  ought  to  be  deep  and  good.  There  are  few  trees  better  adapted 
or  being  grown  in  hedgerows  than  the  fastigiate-growing  varieties  of  pear, 
because  their  roots  descend  perpendicularly,  and  can,  therefore,  never  inter- 
fere with  the  plough  ;  and  the  beads,  whether  fastigiate  or  spreading,  it  is 
known  from  experience,  do  very  little  injury  to  pasture.  If,  therefore,  fasti- 
eiate-growing  trees,  producing  excellent  sorts  of  fruit,  were  planted  In  all 
hedges,  a  very  great  benefit  would  result  to  the  proprietors  and  to  the  public. 
The  wild  pear  is  continued  by  seed ;  and  the  varieties  cultivated  for  their 
fruit  are  budded  or  grafled  on  stocks  of  different  kinds.  For  the  poorer 
soils,  and  exposed  situations,  stocks  of  the  wild  pear  of  the  given  locality  must, 
doubtless,  be  the  best,  because  they  must  be  the  hardiest :  but  it  is  found  from 
experience,  and  it  is  consistent  with  physiological  principles,  that,  on  good 
sous,  or  where  the  pear  is  to  be  cultivated  entirely  as  a  fruit  tree,  both  the 
tree  and  the  fruit  will  grow  larger  when  the  stock  is  a  seedling  pear  of  some 
vigorous-growing  variety.  When  dwarf  trees  are  required,  the  pear  is  grafted 
on  the  quince,  the  medlar,  or  the  thorn ;  or  on  the  mountain  ash,  or  some 
other  species  of  Morbus.  It  grows  remarkably  well  on  the  common  haw- 
thorn ;  though,  unless  the  graft  be  made  under  ^ound,  it  does  not  form  a 
very  safe  and  durable  tree  ;  because,  as  the  scion  increases  faster  in  diameter 
than  the  stock,  it  is  liable  to  be  blown  off.  When  the  graft,  however,  is 
made  close  to  the  surface  of  the  ground,  or  immediately  under  the  surfiaice, 
the  root  swells  in  nearly  the  same  proportion  as  the  scion,  and  there  is  no 
danger  of  the  tree  being  blown  down,  or  of  its  not  being  sufficiently  long- 
lived. 


XXVI.  aosa'ce*:  py'hus. 


l^smatHK.    PalrlH  Suvu  D'OttTtk  Id  Bibt.  7%i.  Emm.  Uai 

Simmimtl. '  Bou  Ret^  1(81. 1  im  our  Jig.  7(3. 

i^xc.  CAar.,^c,   Branches  thick.    Buds  tomentose. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  I 
when  ^ounK  ;  when  adult,  glabrous  on  the  u[^r 
sur&ce.  rruit  thick,  lon^  fit  for  makms  perry. 
Wild  and  cultivated  about  Orleans,  in  France. 
(Dec.  Prod.')  Introduced  by  the  London  Horti- 
cultural Society,  in  I8S6;  nnd,  in  our  opinion, 
only  a  variety  of  the  common  wild  penr.  '"■  MciaidBiu 

»  3.  P.  (c.)  NivA'ns  Lia./i!.     The  aaowy^eaved  Pear  Tree. 
UaMcaUim.     Lin.  fll.  Buppl.  US. ;  lie.  F1.  AuiCr., 
L  iStTiDk-  f"^-  <■  P-OM. ;   Don-i  HIU..  1.  p. 

l^c.  C^ar.,  4'c-  Leaves  oval,  entire,  obtuse, 
white  and  silky  beneath.  Corymbs  ter- 
minal. Fruit  globose,  very  aciil,  except 
when  ripe  and  beginning  to  decay,  when 
it  becomes  very  sweet.  (Dec,  Prod,}  A 
native  of  the  Alps  of  Austna,  where  it 
growE  to  the  height  of  10  or  ISfeeC.  It  i 
was  introduced  into  the  Horticultural 
Society's  QarJeu  in  1826,  or  before ;  and 
is  already  \5  It.  high,  forming  a  very  hand- 
some white-foliaged  tree ;  though,  an  we 
think,  deddedl^  only  a  variety,  or  race,  of 
the  common  wild  pear.  ,^_  r.MnM^ 

t  4,  P.  (c)  sina'ica  Thoim.    The  Moitnt  Sinai  Pear  Tree. 


I.it*lifleaaBm.    Tliouln  Mim.  Miu.,  I.iro.t.e.;  Doc.  Prod,,l.  p.SM.  |  Dob'i  Mill.,  1.  p, «J9. 


422  ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Sjfwmumes.    P.  Sinll  Detf.  Art.  2.  p.  144.,  if,  Du  Ham.  &  t.  57. ;  P.  pirafca  Pen.  Sffn.  S.  p.  40. ; 

the  of  ouDt  Sinai  Medlar. 
Engravings.    Mem.  Mus.,  1.  t.  9. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t  67. ;  Dend.  BrlL,  t.  4a  ;  the  plate  In  Arb. 

Brit.,  1st  edit.,  rol.  t1  . ;  and  oux^.  765. 

t^ec.  Char,,  Sfc.  Very  much  branched,  and  spreading.  Buds  whitishly  pu- 
bescent. Leaves  ovate-oblong,  subacute,  very  minutely  crenated ;  whitishly 
pubescent  beneath,  above  glabrous  and  almost  shuiing ;  falling  off  late. 
{pec.  Prod.)  A  native  of  Mount  Sinai,  whence  it  was  brought  to  the  Paris 
Garden  early  in  the  present  century,  and  introduced  into  England  in  1820. 
It  BO  closelv  resembles  the  preceding  sort,  as  hardly  to  be  o^tinguishable 
from  it ;  and  we  have  no  doubt  that  seeds  of  either,  if  sown  to  a  consider- 
able extent,  would  produce  plants  of  these  and  several  other  kinds. 

*  5.  P,  (c.)  fiLiciFO^LiA  L.     The  Willow-leaved  Pear  Tree. 

Jdent&leaUon.    Lin.  Supjpl.,  855. ;  Dec.  Prod..  S.  p.  6U. ;  Don*s  MilL,  8.  p.  6tt. 

Synonymes.    P.  «UeagnI10lia  PaU. ;  P.  orientuto  Hom.  Suppi.  59. ;  P.  (C.)  daagnlfllUa  Arb.  Brft. 

lit  edit  p.  889.  .         ^    ^ 

Engravings.    Pall.  Itin.,  8.  p.  874.  t  V.  f.  3. ;  Fl.  Roi.,  1. 1. 9. ;  and  our  Jig.  766. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Buds  whitely  tomentose. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  entire, 
hoary,  particularly  upon  the  under  sur- 
face. The  disk  three  times  as  long  as  the 
petiole.  Flowers  upon  short  pedicels, 
disposed  in  corymbs,  a  few  in  a  corymb. 
{Dec.  Prod.)  A  native  of  Siberia,  com- 
mon in  the  deserts  between  the  rivers 
Cuma  and  Terec  ;  and  found,  also,  on 
Caucasus,  and  in  Persia,  generally  ac- 
companied by  C  Oxyacantha  and  Pr6nus 
spinosa.  It  was  introduced  into  England 
in  1780;  and  forms  a  very  distinct  va^ 
riety;  attaining  the  height  of  20  or  25 
feet.  There  are  fine  trees  of  this  sort, 
20  ft.  high,  at  White  Knights.  ^^^  p.  (e.)«aciftii.. 

5  6.  P,  (c.)  i<itTODALiFo'RMis  VU,  The  Almond-shaped  Pear  Tree. 

Ideniifieaiion,    ViU.  Cat.  Strasb.,  3». ;   Dec  SuppL,  581 . :  Dec.  Prod.. 

2.  p.  634. ;    Don's  Mill..  8.  p.  63S. 
Sjtnonymes.  P.  lylv&trii  Magnol.  Bot.  215. ;  P.«aUclfdlla  Lois.  Not.  79. 
Engraving.    Owe  Jig.  767. 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc.  Spiny.  Buds  tomentose.  Leaves 
oblong,  acute,  entire;  tomentose  all  over  whenvoung ; 
when  adult,  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface.  The  disk 
six  times  longer  than  the  petiole.  Flowers  in  co- 
rymbs. (Dec.  Prod.^  Wild  in  rough  places  in  France, 
in  Provence,  Daupniny,  and  Languedoc;  and  very 
closely  resembling  the  preceding  sorts.  It  was  intro- 
duced in  1810 ;  and  the  finest  plant  that  we  know  of 
it,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  is  at  Kenwood ; 
where  it  is  22  ft.  high,  with  a  very  irregular  picturesque 
head,  and  many  of  the  side  branches  sweeping  the 
ground.  In  May,  it  is  completely  covered  with  white 
blossoms,  and  in  autumn  with  small  green  fruit,  which 
drop  off  with  the  first  severe  frost.  767.  p.  (c)  «myiiuiififmb. 

*  7.  P.  sine'nsis  LhuU,    The  Chinese  Pear  Tree. 

IdentifteaUon.    LfndL  Hort  Trans.,  6.  p.  896.  (  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  623. 

Synonymes.    Pfnu  communis  Lois.  Cochin,  p.  321. j  P.  slnlca  Royle  lUustr,  p.  207. ;  Ri  vulgo  Nas, 
Japanfse,  K(m»ttf.Anuen.iw:.  804. ;  the  Sandv  Pear,  Snow  Pear,  Sand  Pear;  Sha  Lee,  Ckhtese. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Reg.,  1 1148. ;  the  plate  in  ArU.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  yI.  ;  and  oar  >^.  768. 

Spec,  Char.,  (f-c.  Leaves  cordate,  apiculated,  shining,  serrated,  and  when 
young,  pubescent  beneath.  Peduncles  corymbose.  Calyx  glabrous  inside. 
Fruit  warted  and  bony.  (Don't  MiU,)   A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  sixe. 


XXVI.  rosa'ce*:  pv  rub. 


ChiDB  Mid  Cochin  Chine-     Ud^t   15(1.  to  80(1.     Introduced  in   IBSO. 

Flowera  white,  tli^tly  tinted  with  pink.    Fruit  large,  edible,  yellowish 

green  when  ripe  ;  rarely  seen  in  England. 

Differ!  from  the  comnHm  pear  in  having  longer  and  ^eener  branches,  and 
le^r,  more  lucid,  and  almost  evergreen  leaves ;  insipid,  roundish,  warted, 
very  gritty  fruit ;  and  a  calyx,  the  inside  of  which  is  destitute  of  the  down  that 
is  found  on  ali  the  varieties  of  the  Europeaa  pear.  Tlie  fi^it  is  porfectly 
hardy,  and  it  is  ornamental ;  but  it  is  wortbleas  as  a.  firuit  tree.  It  vegetates 
very  early  in  sprint ;  when  it  is  easily  recognised  by  the  deep  rich  brown  of  its 
young  leaves  and  shoots. 

1  8.  P.  bollwyllbria'na  Dec.     The  Bollwyller  Pear  Tr«e. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTtCETUM    BRITANNICUU. 
cFLFr.  Sappl,  p.UO.  1  Pnid.,a.p.6M.;  N.  DuHmib.,«.  p.l91.; 


firU  Knocp  PffKul.  t.p.  M.  I.  ft..uciinlln£  to  lUkhcnbuli. 
SmrTawhtt:     J.  Banh.  HUt..  Ic  i    Knoop  Pomol.,  S.  p  9*.  u  4..  ■Ecordbig  lo  RilEbnilncli  j    N,  Du 
Hull.,  e.  UU.  i  Iba  plaU  oClbli  ipsctn  Id  Alb.  BllL,  IKedit.,101.  IL;  udout  fg.T&l. 

^c.  Char,,  ^c,  Budt  down;.  Leaves  ovate,  coarselj'  (enated,  lomentoBc 
beneath.  Flowers  niEuiy  in  a  corymb.  Frurt  top-ahaped,  small,  yellowUh 
within.  (Dfc.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree  of  the  middle  size,  with  but  few 
Bucending  thick  coarse  brencliea.  France,  at  Bollw^Iler  on  the  Rhine,  in 
hedges,  but  rare;  possibly  a  hybrid  between  the  pear  and  apple.  Height 
lOfl.toSOft.  Introduced  in  1T86.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
greenish  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 

A  very  distinct  variety,  with  large  rough  leaves,  having  somewhat  the  ap- 
pearance of  those  of  ihe  apple.  The  fruit  is  turbinate,  sciall,  oranf^  yellow, 
and  unRt  to  eat.  The  tree  produces  fewer  branches  than  any  other  species  or 
variety  of  pearj  and  the«e  branches  are  upright,  thick,  and  rigid. 

T  9.  P.  TARioLO'sA  WidL    The  variable4rat>Rf  Pear  Tree. 

UmUgcaOam.    Will.  OL  SSO.  i  Don'i  Mill.,  1.  p.  On. 
Sninv"u^    J*-  Pi^^  UuL  «  Heiti.  Up.  Soc. 


Spec.  Char^  4^.    Lesvei  ovate,  acuminated,  crenated,  glabrous  'm  the  adult 

state,  on  long  petioles ;  when  youtu,   clothed   with  yellowish  tomentum 

beneiith.     Umbels  tenninal.     Pedicels  and  calyxes  woolly.  (^DoH't  AEIL) 

A  deciduous  tree.   Nepal  and  Kamaon.   Height,  in  its  native  country,  40  ft, 

to  50 ft.;  in  England  lOfl.  to  15ft     Introduced  in  1BS5.     Flowers  white, 

ilightty  tinged  with  pink  ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  pear-shaped;  ripe  in  Oc- 

tober,  and  remaining  on  the  tree  in  the  climate  of  London  all  the  winter; 

eatable,  like  that  of  tne  medlar,  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay. 

In  the  open  air,  in  mild  winters,  this  species  is  sub^vergreen ;  and,  aeainst  a 

wall,  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  it  is  completely  so.     ItTorma  a 

very  handsome  tree,  but  is  rather  tender,  having  been  killed  to  within  a  few  feet 

of  tiie  ground,  in  several  places  in  the  ncighbourhoodof  London,  by  the  winter 


XXVI.    AOSACEX:    PX  RU8.  4S5 

of  1837-8.  It  has  ripened  fruit  in  the  FuUiam  Nursery,  which  is  brown  when 
ripe,  and  which,  according  to  Dr.  Rojie,  is  not  ealable  until  it  ia  somewhat 
decayed.  The  veins  of  the  leaves,  and  the  entire  plant,  are  tinged  with  reddish 
brown.  The  young  seedlings  of  this  species,  and  also  the  root  shoots  from 
plants  cut  down,  have  the  l^ves  cut  like  a  ^Trats'gus  or  S6rbus. 

*  10.  P.  MiCHAo'x//  Bosc.     Michaux's  Pear  Tree. 

UcnllflatloH.    BoKlnPolrSuppl.,*.  p.«ri  Don't  »mi.,S.  p.  6Si. 
EagwAv-    Our  A.  771.  ftom  *  ipMiiiien  ta  Dr.  Hoaker'i  herbBtuni. 

Spec.  Char.,  4t,     Leaves  oval,  quite  entire,  acutish,  glabrous  on 
both  surfaces,  and  shining  above.     Peduncles  usually  twin, 
when  bearing  the  fruit  thick  and  woody.     Fruit  globose. 
{Don't  MUl.)  A  deciduous  tree.    Nortli  America.     Hdght 
15  ft.  to  20  ft,     Introduced  in   1837.     Flowers?. 
There  are  plants  of  this  species  in  the  Hort.  Sac.  Oarden, 
^  and  in  some  of  the  London   nur- 
series; but  they  are  to>i  small  to 
enable  us  to  fonn  any  judgement 
as  to  the  kind  of  tree  whi(£  they 
will  ultimately  form. 
ICA  Colebr.  The  Indian  Pear  Tree. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-conlate, 
acute,  serrulated,  glabrous,  while  beneath,  as 
well  as  the  petioles  and  calyxes ;  in  the  young 
plants  lobed.  Claws  of  the  petals  shorter  than 
the  calyx.  Umbels  sessile,  few'ilowercd.  Styles 
villous  at  the  base.  {Don't  MUl.)  A  deciduous 
tree.  Bengal,  on  the  mountains  of  Sylhet. 
H^tl5ft.toS0ft.  Introd.7.  Flowers  white ; 
Hay.  Fruit  about  the  size  of  a  wild  pear;  ripe 
in  October.  in.r.i>«» 

$  ii.  Ma/us. 

Sed.  Cher,    Petals  spreading,  flat.     Styles  5,  more  or  less  strictly  connate  at 
the  base.     Pome  mostly  globose,  d^ressed,  aud  invariably  havmg  a  conca> 


rbs.     Leaves  simple,  not  glanded.  {Dec. 
bear   ' 


Pivd.) — This  section  includes  all  the  apples  and  crabs. 

i   It.  p.  ATa'lus  L.     The  common,  or  wild,  Apple  Tree. 
.    Lin,  Sp.^fiK;  Smith'!  Bng.  Flon,  1:  p.  369. ;  UndL  Sfnop,,  U  tdit.,  p. 

P.  iJUui  mlcu  WaOr-'sdici.  p.llt.1  i^at aoBia^iiit Ore. Ft. Vr. iVaa 
garnelTw  Apftllvunn,  Ger.  i  F«ro  Mrio,  ind  U«lc>  Porno,  Ilal, 
Rns.  B«.,  1. 179. ;  tho  pUta  In  Aib.  Brit.,  lU  edU.,  toI,  iI.  ; 

^>ee.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  crenaled,  woolly  on  '* 
the  under  surface.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  Tube  of  calyx  ^ 
woolly.  Styles  glabrous.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A. deciduous  tree. 
Europe  in  woods  and  wastes ;  frequent  in  hedges,  g 
Hd^t  80  ft.  to  30  it.,  sometimes  50  ft.  In  cultivation  as  a  " 
fruit  tree  &om  time  immemorial.  Flowers  white,  tinged  . 
with  pink ;  May.  Fruit  red  and  yellow ;  ripe  in  October.  /^ 
Decaying  leaves  brownish.  %0 

Cultivated  in  gardens,  it  is  wholly,  or  coigaintly  with  other 

species  or  races,  the  parent  of  innumerable  variedei,  termed,      ,7*,  j 


426  ARBOREl'UH    £T    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICtlH. 

generally,  in  England,  cultirated  apple  treea;  and  ii 
or  pommiera  k  couteau.  We  adopt  ibe  specific  i 
what  may  be  called  the  normal  form,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  though  auuiy 
of  the  cultivated  varietiea  are  derived  not  only  from  the  wild  apple,  or  crab, 
of  Eutope,  but  from  the  crabs  of  Siberia.  We  shall  deugnate  these  crabs  as 
wuietics  of  P.  ^&lua,  and  afterwards  make  a  selection  from  the  cultivated 
Borti,  of  aucb  aa  we  think  stutoble  for  being  planted  for  their  timber,  or  as 
ornamental  trees. 

'   IS.  P.  (M.)  acs'rba  Dec.  The  aour-fiuUed  Apple  Tree,  or  aammon  Crab. 
OmlSkaUm.    Dk.  tni.,  1.  p.  SU.  i  !>«>■  HIU,  t.  p.  tU. 


'ftxii  VlUu  iiuOn  WtUr.  Sdud.  gig.j  lAluaMtTlM  Mmu  H.  P^rlll.,  D^ 
k.  ogmmiliilt  iTlTMrli  Dttf-  i  P-  >fUu>  ••iTiilrii  /t.  Dam.  I.  IIOI, ;  r.tOliMSmM 
in.  I  PoDialir  uuTtnon.  J^-.i  HolupMbuini,  Oct.;  Mala  idMllop.  AsL 
Tl  DuL,  I.  1101. 1  tha  plau  In  At1>.  Brit.,  lU  edit.,  •ol.  •!. ;  ud  aarjli-  ^*' 
^Kc.  Char,,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  crenated,  glabrous  even  when  young. 
FlowETS  in  corj'mbs.      Tube  of  the  calyx 
glabrous.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  native  of  woods 
and  way  sides  in  Europe.     This  form,  ao- 
cordbg   to  DeCandolle,   yields  many  sub- 
varieties  with  EOur  fruit,  called,  in  Britain, 
cider  apples  ;  and  in  Prance,  generally,  pom- 
lit.  P.  {iM".)  Prumipo'lia  B'.    The  Plum- 
tree-leaved  Apple  Tree,  or  Siberian  CVa*. 

111.,  1  D.  M£.  '  .1-1 

-..-.., — I.  F.  MUai  0  Ail.  Htri.  Xew.  %  V.  in.;  1  ttUat 

hibrltl*  Dttf.  Arb.  3.  p.  Ml. 
EnfTmBitt.    Mm.  lc,E.lS.  I  mi  oat  JIg.nii. 

^Kc.  Char.,  ^c.  I.efives  ovate,  actuoinated, 
serrated,  glabrous.  Peduncles  pubescent. 
Tube  of  calyx  glabrous.     Styles  woolly  at  ,„_   ^  ,.. ,       ^u.. 


XXVI,    ROSXVBK  :    PY  RUS. 


427 


the  base  ;  ard,  ai  appean  from  Mill.  Ic,  t.  260.,  with  the  »,y\e»  twice  ea 

long  at  the  stamens,  and  the  fruit  subglobose,  jellowisfa,  and  suBt«re.  {Dec. 

Pnd.)  A  native  oi  Siberia ;  introduced  in  1758. 

According  to  Mr  Knight,  tome  of  the  finest  Tarieties  raised  byhim  are  froni 
cultiTBCed  apples  fecundated  with  the  blossoms  of  this  tree.  The  progeny, 
be  found,  foriued  more  hardy  treea  tfaaa  any  other  kinds,  and  produced  earlier 
and  more  hi^ty  flavoured  fruit. 

t   15.  P.  {M.) 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Disks  of  leaves  ovate,  acute,  equally  serrated,  glabrous,  the 
length  of  the  petiole.  Flowers  grouped.  Sejuls  dedduous.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
A  native  of  Siberia  and  Dahuria,  and  only  diflering  from  the  preceding  sort, 
of  which  it  IB,  doubtless,  a  subvariety,  in  not  having  a  persistent  calyx, 

X   16,  P.  (M.)  Dioi'ci  W.     The  liiatiouB-iexed  Apple  Tree. 
Un^llcaCilM.    WlUd.  Arb.,MI.;  Spec.  t.,p^iais.i  Dk.  Prod.,1.  |i.eULi  Doo'iHUL-l.  p.«4S. 
8t<>^ma.    P.  iptUli  l/imcJt.  Hnw.  i.  p.  MT.,  <n  Dm  wUbgniT  oT  WlUdoww  iloin  rUoIca 

fivnnAV-    OwA-  SUe-lBp-lloe. 

^Wf.  Ciar.,  4v.  Leaves  oval,  serrated,  tomentose  beneath.  Flowers,  in  many 
es,  solitaiy.  Sexes  dicedous,  by  defect.  Calyx  tomentose.  Petals 
-"-  '  iwth  of  the  sepals.  Styles  glabrous.  (2)n;.  Prorf.)  MotdiOer- 
alappearance  from  a  crab  or  ap[de  tree.    Horticultival  Sodety's 


the  length  o 
Bxternalappe 


Oarden. 

1   17.  P.  (M.)  AJ 

UtiUHkaOem.    Dk  Pr«l.,l.|i.iia>.i  1, 

Stmairma.    miui  ulnclnlca  Dtm.  C 

Xngrath^.    OiuJIg.  VM  tn  p.  1106. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  oval-oblong,  acute,  partially  doubly  terrated  i  pole 


428  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

beneath,  and  the  nervefl  there  villose  ;  above  glabrous,  except  being  slightly 
downy  on  the  midrib.  A  native  of  the  country  around  Astracban,  on  the 
testimony  of  cardeners.  (Z>c.  Prod,)  A  yery  ornamental  tree,  from  the 
beauty  of  its  truit,  which  it  produces  freely,  and  which  is  also  good  to  eat. 

Vatietiet  of  P.  Mhltu  culHvated  for  their  FruU,  From  the  above  forms,  we 
think  it  may  safely  be  presumed,  that  all  the  apples  cultivated  for  the  dessert  or 
the  kitchen  have  been  obtained,  either  by  selection  from  seedlings,  or  by 
cross-fecundation  ;  and  that  no  other  wild  sort  has  been  used,  unless,  perhaps, 
we  except  P^rus  coron^a  ;  which,  however,  we  have  never  heard  of  as  being 
employed  In  cross-fecundation.  These  garden,  or  cultivated,  varieties,  as  will 
hereafter  appear,  are  ver^  numerous ;  but  the  following  selection  of  sorts, 
which  are  handsome*growmg  trees,  or  have  fruit  of  a  particular  character,  has 
been  made  for  us  by  Mr.  Thompson,  of  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 
from  the  collection  under  his  care  :  — 

The  Red  Astrachan,  The  tree  is  middle-sized,  with  a  branchv  head  ;  the  fruit 
is  of  a  bright  red,  with  a  fine  bloom  like  that  of  a  plum.  This  is  one  form  of 
the  sort  which  DeCandolle  has  designated  as  P.  astrac&nica :  our  No.  ]  9. 
7^  White  Astrachan,  or  transparent  Crab  of  Moscow.  The  tree  resembles 
the  preceding  sort,  but  has  the  branches  tending  upwards  when  young,  and 
afterwards  becoming  pendulous.  The  fruit  is  of  a  wax  colour,  with  a  fine 
bloom  on  it,  and  is  almost  transparent.  This  is  another  form  of  P.  (M,) 
astrac&nica.  It  is  known  in  English  nurseries  under  the  name  of  the  trans- 
parent crab. 
The  Black  Crab  is  a  tree  of  the  middle  size,  with  very  dark  small  fiuit  of  no 

value  as  such. 
7^  Court  pendu  plat  is  a  remarkably  dwarf-growing  tree,  and  so  late  in  flower- 
ing, that  the  leaves  are  expanded  before,  or  at  the  same  time  as,  the  flowers  ; 
and,  consequently,  the  latter  are  seldom,  if  ever,  ixyured  by  frost :  for  which 
reason,  it  is  commonly  called  by  gardeners  the  wise  apple.  Grafted  on  the 
French  paradise  stock,  the  tree  may  be  kept  of  a  size  not  larger  than  that  of 
a  gooseberry  bush ;  in  which  state  it  will  bear  fruit  in  abundance  and  of  good 
flavour. 
The  Lincolruhire  Holland  Pippin  is  remarkable  for  the  large  size  of  its  blossoms. 

Its  fruit  keeps  till  February, 
7%e  Tulip  Apple  is  a  ereat  bearer  of  fruit  which  is  of  a  very  bright  red. 
7%e  Violet  Apple  has  fruit  of  a  violet  colour,  covered  with  a  bloom  like  that  of 

the  plum. 
The  cherry  Crab,  or  Cherry  Apple,  is  a  subvariety  of  P.  (Af.)  bacckta.     The 
tree  is  spreading,  with  drooping  branches ;  and  the  friiit  is  numerous,  and 
about  the  size  and  colour  ofa  large  cherry. 
The  Suprettte  Crab  has  fruit  rather  larger  than  the  preceding  sort.     The  tree  is 

of  robust  growth,  and  the  branches  are  somewhat  erect. 
Bi^i  JEver&sting  Crab  was  raised  in  the  Cambrid^  Botanic  Garden,  by  Mr. 
Biggs,  the  curator,  fix>m  seeds  received  from  Siberia  in  1814.  It  is  a  vi- 
gorous-^wing  tree,  with  pendulous  branches  and  abundance  of  fi^it, 
which,  m  form  and  character,  are  intermediate  between  P,  (3f.)  prunifolia 
and  P.  (M.)  bacckta,  and  which  remain  on  the  trees  long  after  Christmas. 
In  sheltered  situations,  and  mild  vrinters,  this  tree  appears  almost  a  sub- 
evergreen. 

The  apple  tree,  whether  in  a  wild  state  or  cultivated,  is  by  no  means  so 
handsome  in  form  as  the  pear  tree,  though  its  blossoms  are  much  more  orna- 
mental, and  are,  besides,  fi^grant.  It  seldom  grows  above  half  the  height  of 
the  pear  tree ;  tlie  oldest  apple  trees  known  in  Europe  not  being  above  30  or 
35  feet  in  height.  The  trunk  is  generally  crooked,  and  the  branches  rambling 
horizontally  when  young,  and  when  old  becoming  pendulous.  The  diameter  of 
the  head  is  also  often  greater  than  the  height  of  the  tree.  The  apple  tree  i*< 
much  more  liable  to  the  canker,  and  other  diseases,  than  the  pear  tree.  The 
wood  of  the  apple  tree,  in  a  wild  state,  is  fine-grained,  hard,  and  of  a  brownish 


XXVI.  mosa^ceje:  py'rus.  429 

colour;  and  that  of  the  cultivated  apple  tree  is  said  to  be  of  a  still  finer  and  closer 
grain,  which  is  a  result  of  cultivation  contrary  to  what  is  usual.  The  weight 
of  the  wood  of  the  apple  tree  varies  much  according  to  the  locality  in  which 
it  is  ^wn.  In  a  green  state,  it  weighs  from  48  lb.  to  66  lb.  per  cubic  foot; 
and  It  loses  from  an  eighth  to  a  twelfth  of  its  bulk  in  drying,  and  about  a  tenth 
of  its  weight.  The  wood  of  the  cultivated  tree  weighs  heavier  than  that  of 
the  wild  tree,  in  the  proportion  of  about  66  to  45.  The  tree,  as  an  object  in 
landscape  scenery,  cannot  be  recommended  as  harmonising  well  with  other 
forms ;  but,  as  it  has  a  character  of  its  own,  and  as  the  fruit  is  of  the  greatest 
use  to  the  poor,  as  well  as  to  the  rich,  it  deserves  introduction  into  every 
hedgerow  and  eveiy  orchard.  For  hedgerows,  it  is  more  especially  desirable, 
as,  though  not  so  mstigiate  as  the  pear,  it  does  very  little  injury  to  the  crops 
by  its  shade ;  and  it  may  be  added,  that,  in  nurseries  and  market-gardens,  tne 
former  more  especially,  young  trees  of  almost  every  kind  thrive  under  the 
shade  both  of  the  apple  and  the  pear.  The  crab  is  used  as  a  stock  for  the  cul- 
tivated apple,  and  for  all  the  other  species  and  varieties  of  this  division  of  the 
genus ;  but,  as  we  have  before  observed,  it  will  not  serve  as  a  stock  for  the 
pear,  or  any  of  the  plants  included  in  that  or  the  other  divisions  of  Pyrus. 
In  France,  and  also  m  some  parts  of  Germany,  the  thorny  wild  apple,  or  crab, 
is  formed  into  live  hedges,  the  branches  of  which,  according  to  Agricola,  are 
inarched  into  each  other,  in  order  to  give  them  more  strength  to  resist  cattle. 
The  fruit  of  the  crab,  in  the  forests  of  France,  is  a  great  resource  for  the 
wild  boar;  and  it  is  also  given  in  that  country  to  swine  and  cows.  A  drink 
of  it,  called  boisson,  is  made  in  some  parts  of  France,  as  well  as  in  England ; 
and  veijuice  is  a  well-known  description  of  vinegar  produced  from  the  most 
austere  of  the  fruit.  The  bark  affords  a  yellow  dye  ;  and  the  leaves  are  eaten 
by  horses,  cows,  sheep,  and  goats.  Pomatum,  according  to  Gerard,  was  so 
called  from  its  being  anciently  made  of  the  pulp  of  apples  beaten  up  with 
*'  swine's  grease"  (lard)  and  rose-water.  The  uses  of  tne  apple  as  an  eatable 
fruit  are  very  numerous,  and  well  known.  The  apple,  as  a  fruit  tree,  will  do 
no  good,  except  in  a  fertile  soil  and  a  sheltered  situation.  All  the  best  apple 
orchards  of  England,  and  more  especially  those  of  the  cider  districts,  it  has 
been  observed  by  geologists,  follow  the  tract  of  red  sandstone,  which  stretches 
across  the  island  from  Dorsetshire  to  Yorkshire.  It  has  been  observed  in 
Ireland  (see  DttbUn  Soc.  T\xms,),  that  the  best  orchards  there  are  on  lime- 
stone gravel ;  and,  in  Scotland,  that  the  few  orchards  which  are  to  be  found 
in  that  country  are  on  soils  more  or  less  calcareous.  On  the  Continent,  the 
two  districts  most  famous  for  apple  trees  are  Normandy  and  the  Vale  of 
Stuttgard  ;  and  the  subsoil,  in  both  countries,  is  well  known  to  be  limestone. 
In  short,  every  kind  of  fruit,  to  be  brought  to  perfection,  requires  a  soil  more 
or  less  calcareous. 

The  propagation  and  culture  of  the  apple  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
pear  tree.  Wild  crabs,  like  wild  pears,  are  gathered  when  they  are  fully  ripe, 
and  either  laid  in  a  heap  to  rot,  or  passed  between  fluted  rollers,  and  the 
crushed  fruit  pressed  for  the  juice,  which  is  made  into  an  inferior  kind  of  cider 
or  perry,  and  the  seeds  are  afterwards  separated  from  the  pomace  by  macer- 
ation in  water  and  sifting.  The  apple,  like  the  pear,  may  be  grafted  on  the 
common  thorn ;  but  it  does  not  form  nearly  so  desirable  a  tree  on  that  stock 
as  the  pear  does,  and  therefore  crab  stocks  are  always  to  be  preferred.  As 
a  fruit  tree,  where  it  is  intended  to  be  grown  as  a  dwarf,  the  paradise  stock 
effects  for  it  what  the  quince  does  for  the  pear,  and  the  C^^rasus  Mahdleb  for 
the  cherry.  (See  Encyc.  ofGard^  edit.  1835.) 

t  1  18.  P.  coRONA^iA  L.    The  garland^ouwrtng  Apple  Tree. 

Identifieatiom.    Lin.  Sp.,  687. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  &  p.  635. ;  Dod*i  Mill.,  3.  p.  647. 
Synomi^mes.    Jfilut  coroD&ria  Mill. ;  Crab  Apple,  Use  iweei-icented  Crab,  Amer. 
Engrmnngi.    N.  Da  Ham.,  6.  pi.  44.  f.  1. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  3009. ;  Michx.  Arb.,  3.  t.  65. ;  the  plate  In 
Arb.  Bnt.,  lit  edit.,  toI.  t1.  ;  and  ovuflg.  777. 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.    Leaves  broadly  ovate,  rounded  at  the  base,  subangulate, 
serrated,  smooth.     Peduncles    in  corymbs,  glabrous.    Flowers   odorous, 


ARBORETUU   ET    FRUTICETUU    BRITANNICUH. 


white,  becoming  purple  before  they  drop  off.  The  fruit  U  flatly  orbicuUtc, 
of  a  deep  green  when  it  folia  froni  the  tree,  and  becoming  yellow  after  lying 
some  lime  on  the  ground,  (Dee.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  tree. 
North  America,  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina,  and  more  eBpeciaU)  abundant 
in  the  hack  parts  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.  Height  1£  ft.  to  18  ft.,  with 
a  trunk  5  or  6 inches  in  diameter;  somelunei  25 ft.  high.  Introduced  in 
I7S4>.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  pink,  violet-scented  ;  Hay.  Fruit  f^een, 
in  no  state  fit  to  eat ;  ripe  in  October,  Decaying  leaves  green,  violet- 
scented,  dropping  off*  by  the  first  severe  frost;  but  m  mild  winters  remain- 
ing on  till  spring. 

In  British  gardens,  the  leave*  and  the  fruit  are  retained  much  longer  on  the 
tree  than  is  the  case  with  the  European  crab  ;  so  much  so,  that  in  very  mild 
seasons,  and  sheltered  situations,  it  might  be  almost  conudered  sulxvergreen. 
The  deep  ereen  and  flat  round  form  of  the  fnut,  end  the  lobed  and  veined 
character  of  the  leaves,  render  this  sort  of  Mklas  easily  distinguished  Irom 
every  other ;  and  this  diatinctiveness  of  charact^,  and  the  fragrance  of  the 
bloMoms,  together  with  the  lateness  of  their  appearance  (which  is  in  the  end 
of  May),  render  it  a  most  desirable  tree  in  every  shrubbery,  however  bubU, 

*  f  10,  P.  (c.)  ANOusTiFo'LiA  AU.    The  narrow-leaved  Apple  Tree. 

/ilflU(|l»niiK.    Ait.  Hart.  Knr.,  1.  p.  ITS,  i  Piinli  FL  Am«.  Sepl.,  I.  M. ;  Dee.  Prod.,  1  p.  OS.  i 

Don'.  MUl.,  a.  p.M7. 
^Hmvmn.   F,  cdtodItIi  Wimt.  Awur.  fil.  1. 11.  r4;..uponUi*iutlisrlt][or  Wllldcnow.UHl  WiU. 

InDnid.  Biil.i  MUai  tanannima  Deif.  .4ri.  t.p.  Ul.i  f .  pamlLi  Bsrt. 
fitffwAifJ.   WUB.  Amflr.,  el.  t.  ai.C47. ;  N.  Du  Hun.,  G.  t.  43.f.  1.  [  W4t>.  Dsid.,L13S-  ;  Bot. 

Bag.,  t.  19IT.  1  til*  pliU  Id  Arb.  Brit..  1M  adit,  tol.  il. ;  ud  ourjif.  7TB. 
Spec,  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  glossy,  lanceolate-oblong,  dentately  serrated,  tapered 

and  entire  at  the  bwe.     Flowers  in  corymbs.  {Dec.  Prod.)     A  deciduous 

tree,  sometimes  sub-evergreen.     Carolina,  in  woods.     Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 

Introduced   in    1750.     Flowers  pale  blush;  May  or  June.     Fruit  green; 

ripe  in  October. 

Differa  from  the  preceding  sort  in  bavinc  the  leaves  narrower  and  the 
fruit  much  smaller,  in  being  more  decided^  sub-evergreen,  and  in  having 


XXVI.  aosacejg:  fv  rub. 


lead-coloured  speckled  branchea.  Not  with  standi  i^  dl  these  points  of  dif- 
ference, however,  it  bears  such  a  ^chgtb]  resenib^ce  to  P.  coronitria,  that 
we  cannot  doubt  its  being  onlya  variety  of  it.  Thefruit  is  intensely  acid,  like 
that  of  P.  coroD^a  ;  but  it  is  much  narrower  and  smaller. 


IdntMcaUim.    All.  Hurt.  Ktw,  S.  p.  IT^  i  Curt  Bot.  Uig.,  t.  SST.  1  Db.  Prod..  1.  p.  CU.  g  DoD'i 

Min,,  %  p.  Gu. 

Symx^ma.    JfUni  icecUMUi  £lf<^.  .4r».*.  p.  1(1,  S.Du  Ham.i.v-i*t.\  MUui  ilndiili  Dm. 

IK  edit-,  loL,  tL.  I  mod  aorfl^.  779. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaven  oval-oblong,  serrated,  sniooth.  Flowers  in  sessile 
umbels,  many  in  an  umbel  ;  large,  and  very  elegant:  at  lint  of  an  intense 
rose-colour,  but  afterwards  of  a  pale  one.  Tube  of  calyx  smooth.  Petals 
ovate,  clawed.  Styles  woolly  at  the  base.  {Dec.  Prod.'\  A  deciduous 
tree,  thickly  crowded  with  upright  branches,  which  nt  length  become  spread- 
ing. China.  Height  30  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1780.  Flowers  pink, 
large,  showy ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  greenish  yellow,  and  unfit  to  eat  till 
it  is  in  a  state  of  incipient  decay. 

This  is  by  far  the  most  showy  of  all  the  different  species  of  Pjlnu,  both  of 
this  and  ol  the  other  sections.  The  Rowers  are  semidouble,  and  of  a  pale 
rose-colour ;  but  before  they  are  expanded,  the  flower  buds,  which  are  large, 
appear  of  a  deep  red.  In  this  state  the  tree  is  extremely  beautifiil.  The 
stamens  and  pistils  are  much  more  numerous  than  in  the  other  species ;  the 
former  sometimes  exceeding  40,  and  the  latter  20.  The  fi-uit  is  small,  irregu- 
larly round,  angular,  and  about  the  size  of  a  cherry:  it  is  of  a  yellow  colour 
when  ripe,  but  is  without  flavour,  and  is  only  fit  to  cat  when  In  a  state  of 
incipient  decay  -,  at  which  period  it  takes  the  colour  and  taste  of  the  medlar. 
No  garden,  whether  large  or  small,  ought  to  be  without  this  tree. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTtCETUM    BBtTANNICUM. 


^etiei  of  inUfi  then  are  only  very  young  Planli  fn  Brilith  Gardeni. 

P.  aSMrfrni  Led.  FL  AU.  2.  p.  888.,  Don',  ATiU.  8.  p.  647. ;  P.  nov.  sp- 
Sieveri  in  Pall,  Kord.  Beilr.  7.  p.  292. ;  is  a  bush,  with  many  Btems  rising  Irani 
the  same  root;  vith  ovate  leavefi,  rather  tomentose;  and  umbellate  flowers,  suc- 
ceeded by  very  add  fruit.     A  native  of  Siberia. 

P.  ?5Wct«iiI,«fc6.  — Plants  in  *»"•""-   «-" 

P.  itipuldcea  Hort.— Plants  in 
receivea  from  the  Himalayas. 

§  iii.  AVia  Dec. 
Sect.  Char.,  ^c.  Petals  spreading,  flat.  Styles  mostly  8— 3.  Pome  globose. 
Flowers  in  racemose  corymbs ;  the  peduncles  branched.  Leaves  simple, 
not  glanded,  whitely  tomentose  beneath.  {Dec.  Prod.,  ii.  p.  C35.)— Decidu- 
ous trees,  natives  of  different  ports  or  Europe,  and  or  Aura  ;  chiefly  found 
on  dry,  calcareous,  or  clajey  soils,  and  varying  mudi  under  cultivation. 
The  species  and  varieties  are  in  a  state  of  great  confudon. 

T  81.  P.  A'kw  Ekrh.     The  White  Beam  Tree. 


■faU  Hupii**  b  Fnnn.    HddUnm  Ii  liMnllf  thr  msil  Inn,  from  tlis  iii«iIt  irocwum  ct  Ibe 

ODdKdbsiehalHTH. 
Mugrmlmtl.    CnuU  Anitr.,  1. 1. 1.  f.  a.  i  En(.  Bat.,  t.  IBM,  i  F1.  Dmn..  t.  KO. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  ovate,  doubly  serrated,  tomentose  beneath,  with  ap- 
pressed  nhite  tomentum.     Corymbs  flat.  {Dec.  Prodi)     A  deciduous  tree- 


xxTi.  bosa'cex:  pv^bus. 


I  p.  A.  1  obfat^lSa  Dec.  Prod,  ii.  p.  636,.  and  Vl.  Dm.  t.  303.  i  F.  A. 

OT^  Horl, — Leaves  broadly  ovate,  and  obtuse. 
T  P.  A.  8  aatlUolia  Dec  Prod.  1.  c.  Crats'gus  lonpfiilia  JV,  £>u  Ham. 

4.  t.  34.  i  fP^Tua  alpina  ffWJ.  fnuTn.  5S7.  — TEe  leaves  are  ovate' 

oblong  and  acute, 
t  P.  A.  3  utidulita  LindL  Hon.  Trans,  vii.  p.  834.,  and  the  plate  in 

Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit.  voL  vi.,  and  our j^.  780.,  has  the  leaves  flat,  oval- 


9 


lanceolate,  broad,  undulated,  unequally  and  deeply  serrated,  acumi- 
nated, and  cobwebbed  above, 
t  T.  A.4angiitt^ilia  Lindl.  I.  c,  P.  A.  longiBlia  ^orf.,  has  the  leaves 

oval,  obtuse,  concave,  somewhat  simplj  serrated,  woolly  above. 
T  P,  A.  5  nifoia  Lindl.  L  c  — Leaves  lar^e,  ovate-elliptic,  doubly  ser- 
rated, shining  above  and  wrinkled,  white  beneath. 
I  P.  A.  6crilica  Lindl.  I.e.    P.  ^.  rotundifolia /forf. ;  P.  grs'ca  7/or(.  i 
P.  A.  edi^iis  Hort.;  Crate'gus  grse'ca  Ilort,  —  Leaves  Sat,  orbicu- 
larly elliptic,  crenntely  serrated,  refuse,  cuneated  at  the  base ;  smootli 
above,  and  \ioKy  beneath.     Branches  cobwebbed. 
t  P.  A.  T  buUala  Lindl.  Hort.  Trans,  vii.   p.  934.,  P.  A.  acuminata 
Horl.,  has  the  leaves  concave,  elliptic,  acuminated,  blistered  ;  closely 
serrated  at  the  apex,  but  entire  at  the  base. 
The  rate  of  growth,  when  the  tree  is  young  and  in  a  good  soil,  is  from  16  in. 
to  8  ft,  a  year :  after  it  has  attained  the  height  of  15  or  SO  feet  it  grows  much 
slower ;  and,  at  the  age  of  twenty  or  thirty  years,  it  grows  very  slowly ;  but 
is  a  tree  of  great  duration,     Tne  roots  descend  very  deep,  and  snread  very 
wide  ;  and  the  head  of  the  tree  is  less  afiected  by  prevuling  winds  tnan  almost 
any  other.   .  In  the  most  exposed  ntuations,  on  the  Highland  mountains,  tliis 
tree  is  seldom  seen  above  10  or  15  feet  high ;  but  it  is  always  siiif  and  erect. 


434  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

In  Britain  it  is  later  in  coming  into  leaf  than  any  other  indigenous  tree,  except 
the  ash.    It  bears  loppiiiey  and  permits  the  jrass  to  grow  under  it. 

The  wood  is  very  nard,o£  a  fine  close  grain,  yellowish  white,  and  susceptible 
of  a  high  polish.  In  a  green  state,  it  has  a  strong  smell,  which  it  retains,  in  a 
slight  degree,  even  after  it  is  dried.  It  weighs,  in  that  state,  55  lb.  6  oz.  per 
cubic  foot.  It  may  be  stained  of  any  colour,  and  is  much  used  in  the  smaller 
manufactures,  such  as  making  handles  to  knives  and  forks,  wooden  spoons, 
&c. ;  and  for  musical  instruments,  and  various  turnery  articles.  It  was  uni- 
versally employed  as  cogs  for  wheels  till  cast  iron  became  generally  substituted 
for  it.  The  leaves  are  eaten  both  by  goats  and  sheep.  The  fruit  is  acid  and 
astringent ;  but  it  is  not  disagreeable  to  eatt  when  it  is  in  a  state  of  incipient 
decay.  Dried,  and  reduced  to  powder,  it  has  been  formed  into  a  sort  of 
bread,  which  has  been  eaten,  both  in  France  and  Sweden,  in  years  of  great 
scarcity.  Fermented,  the  fruit  affords  a  beer ;  or,  by  distUhition,  a  powerful 
spirit.  It  is  greedily  eaten  by  small  birds ;  on  which  account  the  trees  are 
ordered  to  be  preserved  in  the  French  forests,  that  the  number  of  birds  may 
be  increased,  in  order  to  keep  down  the  insects.  The  fruit  u  also  the  food  of 
squirrels;  and,  when  it  drops,  of  the  wild  boar,  the  deer,  the  hedgehop,  &c. 

As  an  ornamental  tree,  tne  white  beam  has  some  valuable  properties.  It  is 
of  a  moderate  size,  and  of  a  definite  shape  ;  and  in  summer,  when  clothed 
with  leaves,  it  forms  a  compact  green  mass,  till  it  is  ruffled  by  the  wind,  when 
it  suddenly  assumes  a  mealy  whiteness.  In  the  winter  season,  the  tree  is  at- 
tractive from  its  smooth  branches,  and  its  large  green  buds.  When  the  tree 
is  covered  with  its  fruit,  it  is  exceedingly  ornamental.  Among  the  different  va- 
rieties enumerated,  P.  A.  erotica  is  by  far  the  most  distinct :  but  all  of  them 
are  well  deserving  of  cultivation. 

A  oilcareous  and  dry  soil  is  essential ;  and  the  tree  will  not  attain  a  timber 
size  unless  it  is  placed  in  an  airv  situation.  The  situation  may  be  exposed  to 
the  highest  and  coldest  winds  that  prevail  in  this  country,  and  yet  the  tree 
will  never  fail  to  grow  erect,  and  produce  a  regular  head ;  and,  for  this  reason, 
no  tree  is  better  adapted  for  sheltering  houses  and  gardens  in  very  exposed 
situations. 

The  species  may  be  rused  from  seed,  and  the  varieties  be  grafted  on  stocks 
of  the  species  of  the  pear,  of  the  Cratas^gus,  and  even  of  the  quince  and  med- 
lar ;  which  trees,  it  is  almost  unnecessary  to  add,  may  be  reciprocally  grafted 
on  the  white  beam  tree.  When  plants  are  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  seeds 
should  be  sown  as  soon  as  the  fruit  is  ripe ;  otherwise,  if  kept  till  ^ring,  and 
then  sown,  they  will  not  come  up  till  the  spring  following.  When  it  is  incon- 
venient to  sow  them  immediately  after  they  are  gathered,  they  may  be  mixed 
with  soil,  and  treated  like  haws  (see  Pj^rus  aucup4ria) ;  and,  if  sown  in  the 
March  following,  they  will  come  up  the  same  season^  The  varieties  may  be 
propanited  by  cuttings,  or  by  Uyering  ;  but  they  root  by  both  modes,  with 
great  difficulty,  Lavers  require  to  be  made  of  the  young  wood,  and  to  remain 
attached  to  the  stool  for  two  years. 

It  22.  P.  (A,)  intbrmb'dia  Ehrh.    The  intermediate  White  Beam  Tree. 

IdentifietUUm.    Bhrh.  Beltr.,  4.  p.  90. ;  Dae.  Prod^  1  p.  6a&  :  Don't  BfUL,  %  p.  647. 
Sffiumifme»»    CnUt'^mM  iTrU  $  Lin,  Sp.  681. ;  C.  wiiMUea  Wakletib.  FL  Upt.  166. ;  C.  totcka  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.  167. }  Albler  de  FoDUineblcoa,  A*. ;  Schwedlacher  Mehlbtum,  Oer, 

Spec,  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  incisely  lobed,  tomentosc  beneath,  with  white 
appressed  tomentum.  Corymbs  fiat.  Fruit  eatable.  (Dec.  Prod,)  A  de- 
ciduous tree.  Europe,  in  France,  Germany,  and  Sweden,  and  also  in  Wales 
and  Scotland.  Height  15  fb.  to  20  fl.  Flowers  and  fivit  as  in  the  preceding 
kind. 

Varieties.    DeCandolle  has  described  the  two  following  forms  of  this  species :— - 

¥  P.  (A.)  i.  1  latifilia.   CVatae'gus  bitifdlia  Potr.  Diet.  4.  p.  444.,  Du 

Ham.  Arb.  1.  t.  80.,  N.  Du  Ham.  4.  t.  35.;  iS^6rbus  laUfdlia  Pert. ; 

Cndot^goB  dentkta  7%uiL  FL  Par. — Leaves  broadly  ovate.    A  native 

of  the  woods  of  Fontainebleau. 


1 


XXVI.   flOSA  CEM :   PT^BDB. 


r.  En.  p.  527.  (Wats.  Deod. 

Brit,  t.5S.;  and  our Jfe.  781.1—  i 

Learea  oblong,  vedge-ihapea  at  J 

TheEe  trees  bear  eo  clo«e  a  resemblance 
to  P.  A'na,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our 
mind  that  thejr  are  only  Tarietiea  and 
Bubvariedes  of  that  specieB.  They  are 
found  in  a  irild  state  in  France,  Germany, 
and  Sweden  j  and  perhaps  ^so  in  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland,  where,  according 
to  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker,  P.  ^Ma  yanes  in 
having  the  leaves  more  or  less  cut  at  the 
ma^in.     They  are  all  well  deserring  of  cul-  ^ 

t  23.  F.  tmti't*  Wall.     The  dothed  White  Beam  Tree. 
MtmlifaltBm.    WilL  CU^  Sli. ;  D<n>i  Mil.,  1.  p  MT 
Swww.    nnu  nnlfauli  BM. i  SMw  mtiu  Ltdd.  Cat.  mlU.  I»M)  P.cr 

nui.  n.  Mb.  p.n7.,  ibJ.  Ba.  t.  ItsS. 
"-—— *-1.    Be£  Res.  t.  16U.  I  Alb.  Br~    "— 


Spec.  Char^  ^c.    LeaTes,_  cymes,  and  youiu  brandies,   clothed  with  white 
tomentum.     Leaves  elliptic,  or  obovate-elliptic,  acuminated,  serrated  to- 
wards   the   apex.      Con'mb*    branched    and   terminal.     Flowera  white. 
Fruit  greenish  brown.  (Don't  MUl.)     A  deciduous 
tree  of  the   middle   uze,      Nepal   and   Eaznaon,   at 

elevations  of  from 

9,000  to  12.000  ft. 

H^t    80  ft.    to 

SO  a.      Introduced 

in  1820.     Flowers 

white  :     Hay    and 

June.  Fruit  brawn; 

ripe     in    October. 

IHxayinff  leaves  of 

a    beauttfiil   straw- 


436  ARBORETUM  XT    FROTICETUM   BRITANNICLTM. 

Thia  tree  is  remarkable  for  the  nuiidi»  of  its  growth,  its  long  broad  leaTet, 
and  their  wooUj  whitenen;  and  bIso  for  being  one  of  the  Tcr;  latest  trees, 
whether  foreign  or  indigenoui,  in  coming  into  leaf ;  being  later  than  mther  the 
mulberry  or  ash.  The  leaves  are  conspicuous,  on  their  Srat  expansion,  for  their 
whiteness,  particularly  underneath ;  and  in  outuun,  before  tney  drop  off,  for 
their  fine  yellow  colour. 

§  iv.  Tormin^ria  Dec. 

Seel.  Char,,  4^.  Petals  q>reading,  flat,  having  short  claws.  Styles  2 — 5, 
connected,  ghd)nnia.  Pome  scarcely  at  all  juicy,  tt^Mhaped  at  the  base, 
truncate  at  the  tip  ;  the  tepals  deciduous.  Leaves  angled  with  lobes  ;  in 
the  adult  state  gtabrous.  Flowers  in  corymbs.  The  peduncles  branched. 
(^Dec.  Prod.,  iLj>.  636.) — Trees  of  the  same  general  character,  in  regard  to 
habit  and  constitution,  as  P.  jfria. 

T  8*.  P.  tormika'lib  Ehrh.     The  griping^/rintof  Service  Tree. 
Bhtb.  Bdtr.,S.  p.  91, ;  D«.Priid.,  1.  p.  SH.  i  Don'a  11111., SjkMT. 

tonnl^Ui  Lin.  Sp.  tSl.,  sil&k  Eng.  Bui.  I.  t»„  tf.  Dm.  t.  IW..  Jara. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  cordate-ovate,  feather-nnred,  pinnatifidly  lobed; 
when  young,  slightly  downy  beneath  ;  when  adult,  glabrous;  the  lobes  acu- 
minate and  serrated,  the  lowest  divaricate.  Seeds  cartilaginous.  {Dec.  Prod.) 
A  deciduous   tree;      Britain   in  woods,  and  throughout  the   Middle  and 
North  of  Eur<^>e,  and  Western  Asia.  Hei^t  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Flowers  iriiite  ; 
May  and  June.     Kruit  red  t  ripe  in  November.     Decaying  leaves  yellowish 
brown.     Naked  young  wood  purplish,  marked  with  white  spots. 
The  leaves,  which  are  on  long  footstalks,  are  cut  into  many  acute  angles, 
like  those  of  some  spedes  of  maple.     They  are  nearly  4  in.  long,  and  3  in. 
broad  in  the  middle,  bright  green  above,   and  alightty  woolly  underneath. 
The  flowers  are  produced  in  large  bunches  at  the  end  of  the  branches;  and 
they  are  succeeded  by  roundish  compressed  fruit  not  unlike  common  haw*, 
but  larger,  and  of  a  brown  colour  whai  ripe.     The  tree  is  of  slow  growth, 
and  in  this  respect,  and  most  others,  it  resembles  P.  jfm  ;  but  it  is  less 
hardy.     The  wood  resembles  that  of  P.  A'm,  but  is  without  its  peculiarly 
strong  smeU.    It  weighs,  when  newly  cut,  65  lb.  to  the  cubic  foot,  and  when 


XXVI.  soaa^cem:  F)[\vb.  437 

dried,  46  lb.  8  ox.  It  ii  employed  for  all  the  dil!creiit  purpowi  to  which  that 
of  P.  A'ria  is  applicable,  and  i^  considered  rather  preterable  u  fiiel,  and  for 
charcoal.  The  fruit  is  brought  to  marKct  both  ia  England  and  France  ;  and, 
when  in  a  state  of  incipient  deoiy,  it  eats  somewhat  like  that  of  a  medlar. 
Aa  an  ornamental  tree,  its  large  ereen  buds  strongly  recommend  it  in  the 
winter  time,  aa  its  fine  large4obed  leaves  do  in  the  summer,  and  its  large  and 
numerous  clusters  of  rich  brown  fruit  do  in  autumn.  It  will  grow  in  a  soil 
not  poorer,  but  more  tcnadous  and  moist,  than  whet  ia  suitable  for  P,  A'lia ; 
and  it  requires  a  sheltered  utuation.  It  seems  more  liable  to  the  attacks  of 
insects  than  that  species,  and  does  not  thrive  so  well  in  the  noghbourhood  of 
London.  It  is  propagated  eiactlf  in  the  same  manner  as  P,  ^Tria.  There 
being  do  varieties,  it  docs  not  require  to  be  continued  by  grafting. 

X  125.  P.  aivuLA'Ris  Dougl.   The  River-ude  Wild  Service  Tree. 

UmUfeaAM.    Douil.  MS.  Hook.  FL  Dor,  Aiii«„l.  |i  MS.  i  Dob^  HUt  t  ii,  Sff. 

Inai^t     Fow-II^.thaiuiiia  of  the  fruit  Id  UMluriuitDttlMChHMoktilteot  India*. 

fiymAv'-  Hook-n-Bor.  4Bwr,LM.iUiilouiA«.7Se.»DdnT. 
Spec.  Oinr.,  4^.  Leaves 
ovale,  entire,  and  angu- 
lar, somewhat  3Jobcd,  ra- 
ther acuminated,  acutely 
serrated,  pubescent  be- 
neath. Corymbs  termmal, 
simple.  Calyces  hwi-^,  and 
densely  tomentose  inside. 
Styles  3—4,  comiected  j 
at  the  base,  {Dm't  MUL)  \ 
A  tow  decuIuouB  tree. 
North-west  coast  of 
North  America,  at  Nootka 
Sound,  and  other  places. 
Hd^t  15  ft.  to  soft. 
Introduced      in       1836.  „,.  r.nnkrfL 

TU.  Krtnunh.  Flowers  white  (  Apriland 

May.    Fruit  anaU,  subglobose,  red  or  ydlow  ;  ripe  ?. 
Tfae  Ihiit  is  used  as  an  article  of  food,  and  the  wood  ia  employed  for  makina 

wedges,  and  is  so  hard  as  to  be  8uccq>tiblc  of  m  fine  polish.    HorticulturM 

Society'*  Garden. 

§  V.   Eridlolfus  Dec. 

&cl.  Char.     Petals  ipreodiag,  flat,  with 

short  claws,  and  with  about  3  teeth  at 

the  tip.  Styles  5,  long  :  at  the  baae  very 

hairy,  and  somewhat  connected.     Pome 

globose,    glabrous,     crowned   with    the 

bbes  of  the  caWx,  which  are  tomentose 

upon  both  sur&cea.    Leaves  palmately 

bbed,    glabrous.       Flower*  upon    un- 

brancitecr  pedicels,  disposed  ia  corymbs. 

(Dm.  JVorf,iLp.e36.) 
1  Se.  P.  TBILOBA^A  Dee.     The  tfaree- 
\obed.jMvcd  Pear  Tree 

mmtigwan.    Dae.  Prod.,  Ip-ese-i  DoD'i  Mill.  1 

^mummt,     £r*Ia'siu  [rflaljtli  LtMl.  Dei.  t.  p,  IA. 

t-ld,,  i>Mr.A«>^l.  p.m.  ,    

JS-tiMht:  Lmi.Dtr.,t.  1. 111.1  taa  ma  JtgT^- 
SptcCkar^^.   Leaves  glabrous,  palmately 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1  the  height  of  2 

h  we  have  not  seen  a  plaat, 

§  vi.  Sdrbut  Dec. 

Seel.  Char.,  Sfc.  Petals  spreading,  flat.  Styles  9 — 5.  Pome  globose,  or  top- 
shaped.  Leave!  unpan-£lnnate,  or  pinnately  cuL  Flowers  in  branched 
corymbs.  (Dec.  /Vai.)— Trees  growing  to  the  height  of  from  20  ft.  to  40  ft. 
or  upwards.  Natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  the  Himalayas.  For 
the  most  part  very  hardy,  and  of  easy  culture  in  commoa  sm). 

t  27.  P.  AURicuLA^A  Dec.    llie  aurided  Service  Tree. 

linttt/lcttBm.    I>«:.Prad.,l,p.SI6.i  Di]D'>inU.,lp.MS. 

^mm^mc.    J6rbui  uirlculku  i><n.  SfKl.  p. ». 
Emgtoti^.    Oat  fit.      -tap. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^,  Leaves  of  3  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  an  odd  one,  bimite  be- 
neath ;  S — 4  of  the  lowest  leaflets  distinct,  the  rest  connate  with  the  odd 
one  into  an  ovate  one,  which  is  crenate.  Corymb  compact.  (Dec.  Prod,) 
A  deciduous  tree.  Egypt.  Height  80  ft.  to  SOft.  Litroduced  in  1600. 
Flowers  white  ;  May.    Fruit  ?. 


S  iS.  p.  pinnati'fida  £An&.    The  jnamdM-leaeed  Service  Tree. 

HnuttcaKga.    Ehrh.  Bellr.,6.  p.  M.  (  Smith  In  Bag.  BM.  I.  mi.  1  D«,  Pial^l.n.«H. 
aruxwxKi.     5Arbu>  hfbrVd*  IJn.  nee  &i  'JTrui  hfbrida  SmOk  Ff.  Brit.,  not  of  WUM.) 

Emgrlnaiti.    Bug.  BM.'.  t.  3S)I.  |  the  plU«  In  Aib.  Bril..  IM  tUt.,  ml  rL  |  Bid  our  /l^.  nSi 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c,^  Leaves  pinnately^  cloven,  or  cut,  or  almost  pinnate  at  the 
base.  The  petiole  on  the  under  side,  and  the  pedunclea,  homly  tomentose. 
Pome  globose,  scarlet.  {Dee.  Prod.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Gothland,  Thu- 
ringia,  and  Britain,  on  mount^ous  woody  places.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  white;  May  and  June     Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 

¥  V.p.2  lanugittota  has  the  leaves  more  woolly  than  those  of  the  spedca. 


XXVI.  £osa'ce£:  pv^us.  489 

1  P.  ft.  3  pindHla,  Sdrbus  b^brida  p^ndula  Lodd.  Cat.,  has  the  head  loose, 

and  the  branches  samewhat  penilulous  ;  the  friut  red.    H.  8. 
i  P.O.  4  arbitaila  Dec.,  Poir.   Suppl.  v.   p.  144.  — Dwarf.     Leaflets 
glabrotu  in  a  measure,  obtuse ;  the  outennost  usually  connate.     A 
native  of  Oermaay.  Perhaps  aTariety  off.  aucup&ria.  (Dre,  Prod.) 
P.  pinnatffida,  accorOing  to  DeCandolle,  is  a  hybrid  between  P.  inter- 
media and  P.  BucupAria.    Culture  as  in  2*.  jTria. 

I  29.  P.  adcupa'ria   Garin.     The  Fowler's  Serrice  TrecorMoiaitamAti. 

wtlfAtli.wflilSuTke,  WkbHiTnt,  Rowan  fm.  Kowsa  Tna,  llou  Tnn.  Boditan,  BouOr 
ItsiiBUlBSirTla,  VUcbiB,  wild  Sab,  micbm.whltlai,  Winn  tiMi  BoiUsiIh  OIhIwh, 
ocSvrWwdHOIuui.n-.;  Ve«aBMrl>Mu.a(r.)  Sorta  wKiaoa,  "-' 
Ihr*<MM.    Tba  LUlo  luoe,  P.  unnArta  (Ut  "     '    '  ~       -    -  - ' 

Obdmit  ((ha  BIrd-eMcherl  SwrtHlTuKl  toi 

mu  BiiH.  Vosd  BagibHBD  (tba  Mrd*!  Barry  Tm 
liafTtoalHMnl-alclian,tiiaIlcouiiIrln  whanUwD 
ban  aprinfaa  with.    U  b  callad  Ibe  tloimtain  Atb.  1 
st  II*  >•»«•  haarfrg  hhim  raaaaibhiiKa  to  tbnaa  of  L . .  . . 
attvaa,  bear  ralatloD  t«  lopiHaed  powan  oT  tba  trae,  u  m 

OmitB.  Froct.,  1.  I.  ST. ;  Kd(.  BoL,  t.  »7. ;  tba  pUU  ot  lUi  ipaciN  In  Aib.  BrK., 

iLlLnildotBA.™ft 


&i«.  OoT.,  *c.  Buds  softly  toraentose.  Leaflets  serrated,  sh^tly  glabroua. 
Pomes  globose.  (Dee.  Pnd.)  A  low  tree.  A  native  of  almost  every  part 
of  Europe.  Height  80  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers  white  j  May.  Fruit  red  ( 
ripe  in  ^ptember. 

Varitiiet.  

1  P.  a.  2fiictu  IHeo  has  yellow  bemes,  and  is  continued  by  gratmig. 

t  P.  a.  sjrUm  tiarieBilit  has  vari^ated  leaves. 

I  P.  a.  ifitHaata  oaa  the  brancnes  upright  and  rigid.  Horticultural 
Sodety's  Garden. 
The  roountun  ash  fonns  an  ereci>«teronied  tree,  with  an  orbicular  head- 
When  fully  grown,  like  every  other  description  of  P^raa,  it  assumes  a  some- 
what formal  character ;  but  in  a  young  state,  its  branches  are  disposed  in  a 
more  loose  and  graceful  manner.  The  tree  grows  rapidly  for  tiic  first  three 
or  four  years;  attaining, in  five  years,  the  hwgBt  of  8  or  9 feet!  after  which  it 


440  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

begins  to  form  a  head,  and  in  ten  years  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft. 
This  head  will  continue  increasing  slowly,  thoush  the  tree  seldom  grows  much 
higher,  for  the  greater  part  of  a  century ;  aner  which,  as  it  appears  by  the 
oldest  trees  that  we  have  observed  or  heard  of  in  Scotland,  the  extremities 
of  the  branches  beg^  to  decay.  The  tree  will  not  bear  lopping,  but  grass 
and  other  plants  grow  well  under  its  shade.  The  wood,  wnen  dry,  weighs 
51  lb.  12  oz.  per  cubic  foot.  It  is  homogeneous,  Une-grained,  hard,  cap^e 
of  being  stained  any  colour,  and  of  taking  a  high  polish ;  and  it  is  applied  to 
all  the  various  uses  of  P.  ^^a  and  P.  tonninalis,  when  it  can  be  obtained  of 
adequate  dimensions.  In  Britain,  the  tree  forms  excellent  coppice  wood, 
the  shoots  being  well  adapted  for  poles,  and  for  making  excellent  hoops  ;  and 
the  bark  beinff  in  demand  by  tanners.  As  it  will  grow  in  the  most  exposed 
situations,  and  rapidly,  when  younjg,  it  forms  an  admirable  nurse  tree  to  the 
oak,  and  other  slow-growing  species  ;  and,  being  a  tree  of  absolute  habits ; 
that  is,  incapable  of  being  drawn  up  above  a  certain  height  by  culture,  it  has 
this  great  advantage,  that,  after  having  done  its  dut^  as  a  nurse,  instead  of 
growing  up  with  the  other  trees,  and  choking  them,  it  quietly  submits  to  be 
over-topped,  and  destroyed  by  the  shade  and  drip  of  those  which  it  was 
planted  to  shelter  and  protect.  It  may  be  mentioned,  as  somewhat  singular, 
that  the  alpine  laburnum,  though  naturally  a  much  lower  tree  than  the  moun- 
tain ash,  will,  when  drawn  up  in  woods,  attun  twice  the  height  of  the  latter 
tree.  The  fruit  of  the  mountain  ash  is  greedily  devoured  by  birds  :  and,  in 
various  parts  of  the  North  of  Europe,  these  berries  are  dried  and  ground  into 
flour,  and  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  flour  made  of  wheat,  in  times  of  great 
scarcity.  In  Livonia,  Sweden,  and  Kamtschatka,  the  berries  of  the  moon- 
tain  ash  arc  eaten,  when  ripe,  as  fruit ;  and  a  very  gjood  spirit  is  distilled  fix>m 
them.  As  an  ornamental  tree,  the  mountain  asn  is  well  adapted  for  small 
gardens ;  and  it  is  also  deserving  of  a  place  in  every  plantation,  where  the 
harbouring  of  singing-birds  is  an  object.  In  the  grounds  of  suburban  gardens  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis,  the  mountain  ash  forms  almost  the  only 
tree  that  makes  a  great  display  by  means  of  its  fruit ;  for,  though  many  species  of 
Cratse^gus  would  be  cquaUy  effective  in  this  respect,  they  have  not  yet  become 
sufficiently  well  known  to  the  planters  of  such  gardens.  One  great  advan- 
tage of  the  mountain  ash,  in  all  gardens,  is,  that  it  never  requires  pruning,  and 
never  grows  out  of  shape.  The  mountain  ash  will  grow  in  any  soil,  and  m  the 
most  exposed  situations,  as  it  is  found  on  the  sea  shore,  and  on  the  tops  of 
mountains,  in  Forfarshire,  as  high  as  2500  ft.  Plants  are  aJmost  always  raised 
from  seed,  which  should  be  gathered  a^  soon  as  it  is  ripe,  to  prevent  its  being 
eaten  by  birds,  which  are  so  fond  of  it  as  to  attack  it  even  before  it  is  ripe. 
When  gathered,  the  fruit  should  be  macerated  in  water  till  the  seeds  are  sepa- 
rated from  the  pulp,  and  they  ma^  be  then  sown  immediately ;  but,  as  they  will, 
in  that  case,  remain  18  months  m  the  ground  before  coming  up,  the  common 
mode  adopted  by  nurserymen  is,  to  mix  the  berries  with  light  sandy  soil,  and 
spread  them  out  in  a  layer  of  10  in.  or  1  ft.  in  thickness,  in  the  rotting  ground ; 
covering  the  layer  with  2  or  3  inches  of  sand  or  ashes,  and  allowing  them  to 
remain  m  that  state  for  a  ^ear.  They  are  then  separated  from  tne  soil  by 
sifting,  and  sown  in  beds  of  light  rich  soil,  being  covered  a  quarter  of  an  inch. 
The  plants  having  large  leaves,  the  seeds  shomd  not  be  dropped  nearer  toge- 
gether  than  2  in.,  which  will  allow  the  plants  to  come  up  with  sufficient 
strength.  They  may  be  sown  any  time  from  November  to  February,  but  not 
later :  they  will  come  up  in  the  June  following,  and,  by  the  end  of  the  year, 
the  strongest  plants  will  be  18  in.  high,  and  fit  to  separate  from  the  others,  and 
to  plant  out  in  nursery  lines. 

5  30.  P,  auerica'na  Dee.    The  American  Service. 

IdefOificatUm.    Doc  Prod.,  2.  p.  S37. ;  Hook.  F1.  Bor.  Amcr.,  1.  p.  904. ;  Don*!  Mill.,  9.  p.  648. 
SynonifmeB.    SArbui  americina  Ph.  Fi.  Bor.  Amer.  I.  p.  341.,   Wiild.  Enmm  520. ;  S.  aniericioa 

var.  /3  Mick*.  Fl.  Amer.  p.  990. ;  P.  canadensis  Hori. 
Engraving».    Wats.  Dend.  Brit,  t  64. ;  the  pUte  of  this  species  la  Arb.  Brit,  1st  edit.,  toL  tL  ; 

imdour/^.  791. 


XXVI.  rosacea:  fy  rvs. 


Spec.  Char.,  i[c.  Leaflet!  acQte,  alouMt  equally  tcrrated,  glabrout,  aa  18  tbe 
petiole.  Pomes  globoie,  of  a  purpliih  tawny  colour.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
tree,  closelv  resembling  the  common  mountaia  ash.  Canada  and  New> 
roundlaud,  in  woods.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1T8S.  Flower* 
white;  Hay.  Fruit  bright  icarlet;  ripe  in  Sraitember.  Decaying  leaves 
yellowish  green.  Naked  young  wood  dark  purpliah. 
It  is,  apparently,  a  more  robust-growing  tree  than  the  European  mountain 

ash,  with  larger  leaves,  shining  above,  and  smooth  beneath ;  but,  in  reality,  it  ia. 

more  tender.     Though  it  has  been  many  yeara  in  the  country,  we  do  not 

know  of  a  hti^e,  old,  handsome  specimen  of  it  any  where.     It  is  propagated 

by  nvftm^  on  the  common  mountaui  ash.    On  account  of  the  brilliant  colour 

of  ue  fruit,  and  the  larra  aiie  of  the  bun  -■---'-■'■■-'  '        ■   -'  ■ 

■{>ecics  well  deserrea  a  place  in  collections, 

I  31.  P.  mCRoCA'fip*  liec.     The  small-fhiited  Service. 

UmiyUatbm.    Dac.Prod.,  I  p.SW.1  Don'iHUI.,!.p.HI. 

Sfnimiimrt.    S6t\KataeaaiTitm  MIcit.  Fl. Bar.  Jmtr.t. p.  mi.;  J. mkrlnlhi ihm.Cnn,  ed.  t. 
p.4U.;  s,  mlcnx^nM  A.  Ft.  Amer,  Stri.  i.  p.mi. 

E-trathni.    Our^V-VOD.  In  p.  HOT. 

Spec.  Char.,  4-c.  Lenfleta  glabrous,  acuminate,  unequally  incisely  serrated ; 
the  tccih  tipped  with  a  bristle-like  mucro.  Petiole  gtabraus.  Pome  glo- 
bose, scarlet.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  North  Amenca. 
Carolba  to  New  York.  Height  lOft.  tolSft.  Introduced?.  Flowers 
white ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  scarlet,  small ;  ripe  ?. 
Accordiiig  to  Pursh,  this  species  is  very  distinct  froai  P.  americibia ;  from 


le  fruit,  and  the  larra  size  of  the  bunches  in  which  it  U  produced,  thia 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETOM   BRITANNICUM. 


t  38.  F.  So'kbus  Gartn.     The  True  Service 

rtiL  Fruct^  a.  p.  *fl.  I.  «7.  1  Dec-  prod.,  L  p. 

^ ,~>..    ^,„M  iamftOa  Lin.  Sp.ea*.;    ff  nil  domtl-'- 

.liH.  AU.  lt\,  Dom'i  ma.  %.  |i.M«.  t  tbe  WblttT  Pur  Ti 
SpejerlSngtbium,  or  SperbetliKUm,  Ger^  Sorba  donHttko 

Ettrririnti,    Ens.  Bol,  I.  UO.  i  OaRD.  Fruec.,  a.  (.  SI. :  [bi 
ud  our.^.  rat. 


^ 


e.  CXor.,  ^.  Buds  glabroua,  clutinouB,  acuminate.  Leaflets  serratetl,  t 
>se  beneath,  but  becoming  naked  when  old.  Pome  obovate,  pear-^aw 
(Dee.  Prod.)     A  tree  of  Uie  middle  size.     Europe,  chiefly  of  the  middle 


lose  beneath,  but  becoming  naked  when  old.  Pome  obovate,  pear-^aned. 
(Dee.  Prod.)  A  tree  of  Uiemiddle  size.  Europe,  chiefly  o"^  '  '^  " 
region ;  found  also  in  some  parts  of  Barbary,  particularU'  i 


region ;  found  also  in  some  parts  of  Barbary,  particularU'  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Algien ;  and  by  some  considered  a  native  of  Britun.  Heiriit 
30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Flowers  white;  May.  Fruit  brown ;  October.  Decaying 
leaves  yellowish  brown.     Naked  young  wood  grey,  like  that  of  the  com- 


Varielia.     In  Dit  Hamel  and  the  I^diiMtunre  dei  Kolc  el  Foritt,  ei^t  va 
eties  of  the  true  aervice  are  described  ;  but  in  British  gardens  only  the  ti 
following  sorts  are  cultivated :  — 
"  P.  S.  8  m<mmni  Lodd.  Cs 
fruit.     Of  this  variety  th 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  Hackney  Arboretum. 
S  P.  S.  3  pyrijormu  Lodd.  Cat.,  la  Corme-Potre,  Fr.,  has  pear^baped 
fruit;  and  of  this,  also,  there  are  fivit-bearing  trees  in  the  places 
above  referred  to. 
A  tree,  in  foliage  and  general  appearance,  closely  resemblinj;  the  mountain 
ash  ;  but  attaining  a  larger  size,  and  bearing  mucu  larger  fruit,  of  a  greenish 
brown  colour  when  ripe.    In  France  this  tree  attains  the  hdght  of  50  or 
60  feet :  it  requires  two  centuries  before  it  reaches  its  full  nze  ;  and  lives  to 
so  great  an  age,  that  some  specimens  of  it  are  believed  to  be  upwards  of  1000 
years  old.     It  grows  with  an  erect  trunk,  which  terminates  in  a  large  pyrami- 
(lal  head.     Thu  tree  is  readily  known  from  the  mountain  ash,  in  winter,  by 


XXVI.    ROSA^CEJE  I   PY^RUS*  448 

its  buds,  which  are  smooth  and  green,  instead  of  being  downy  and  black  ;  in 
the  beginning  of  summer,  by  its  leaflets  being  broader,  downy  above,  and  also 
beneath  ;  and,  in  autumn,  by  its  pear  or  apple  shaped  fruit,  which  is  four  or 
five  times  the  size  of  that  of  P.  aucuparia,  and  of  a  dull  greenish  brown 
colour.  It  is  said  to  be  30  years  before  it  comes  into  a  bearing  state  when  it 
is  raised  from  the  seed  ;  but,  when  scions  from  fruit-bearing  trees  are  grafted  on 
seedling  plants,  or  on  the  mountain  ash,  they  come  into  bearing  in  a  few  years 
as  in  the  case  of  other  fruit  trees.  (See  Gard,  Mag,^  iv.  p.  487.)  The  wood 
of  the  true  service  is  the  hardest  and  the  heaviest  of  all  the  indi^nous  woods, 
of  Europe.  It  weighs,  when  dry,  no  less  than  72  lb.  2  oz.  per  cubic  foot. 
It  has  a  compact  fine  grain,  a  reddish  tinee,  and  takes  a  very  high  polish  ;  but 
it  must  not  be  employed  until  it  is  thoroughly  seasoned,  as  otherwise  it  is  apt  to 
twist  and  split.  It  is  much  sought  after  in  France,  by  millwrights,  for  makine 
cogs  to  wheels,  rollers,  cylinders,  blocks  and  pulleys,  spindles  and  axles ;  and 
for  all  those  parts  of  machines  which  are  subject  to  much  friction,  and  re- 
quire great  strength  and  durability.  In  France,  it  b  preferred  to  all  other 
kinds  of  wood  for  making  the  screws  to  wine-presses.  In  France,  the  fruit, 
when  b^:inning  to  decay,  is  brought  to  table  ;  though  it  is  not  highly  prized, 
and  is  more  frequently  eaten  by  Uie  poor  than  the  rich.  In  Britain,  the  tree 
is  chiefly  to  be  recommended  as  one  of  ornament  and  rarity.  A  good,  free, 
deep,  dry  soil,  and  a  sheltered  situation,  are  essential,  wherever  it  is  at- 
tempted to  ^ow  this  tree  in  Britain.  From  the  specimens  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London,  it  does  not  appear  to  sufier  from  the  climate,  after  it  has 
been  five  or  six  years  planted ;  but  it  is  rather  difficult  to  establish  young 
plants.  Seeds  may  be  procured  in  abundance  from  France  ;  and  from  them 
stocks  may  be  raised  on  which  the  best  fruit-bearing  varieties  may  be  grafted. 
The  true  service  mav  also  be  ^;rafted  on  the  pear,  the  mountain  ash,  the  haw- 
thorn, and  other  allied  species.  The  grah  should  be  made  close  to  the 
ground,  or  even  under  it,  on  the  root ;  and  care  should  be  taken  to  retard 
the  scion  previously  to  grafting  it,  in  order  that  the  stock  may  be  somewhat 
in  advance  of  it.  On  the  whok,  the  operation  requires  to  be  performed  with 
the  greatest  care  ;  because  this  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  of  all  non-resinous 
trees  to  graft  successfiiUy.  The  plants  at  Messrs.  Loddiges's  ripen  firuit  every 
year,  firom  the  seeds  of  which  numerous  young  plants  have  been  rais^. 

%  33.  P.  LANUOiNO^SA  Dcc,    The  'vooVLy4eai>ed  Service  Tree. 

Ideniifteatkm,    Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  6S7.;  Don't  Mill.,  2.  |k  646. 

Smum^met.    P.  bf  brlda  lann^dM  Hort. :  S6rbui  luingindM  KU.  in  Litt.,  and  Lodd»  Cai, 
Engruvinp.    The  plate  of  UiLi  qpedet  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Ut  edit,  vol.  tI.  ;  and  our/|r.  798.  from  a  tree 
in  the  Horticultural  SodetT**  Gardon. 

Spec.  Char,y  S^c,  Buds  woolly.  Leaflets  serrated,  woolly  beneath.  Petiole 
woolly.  Pome  globose.  {Dec,  Prod.^  A  fastigiate  tree  of  the  middle 
size.  A  hybrid,  when  and  whence  originated  is  uncertain.  Height  20  ft.  to 
soft.  Flowers  white;  Maj^.  Fruit  small,  like  that  of  the  mountain  ash, 
but  seldom  coming  to  maturity. 

The  trees  of  this  species  in  Loddiges's  arboretum,  and  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  are  verv  distinct  from  any  other  sort,  and  appear  to  be 
hybrids  between  P.  pinnatifida,  or  perhaps  P.  iS6rbus,  and  the  common  moun- 
tain ash.  The  general  form  of  the  tree  is  fiistigiate,  with  numerous  parallel, 
rigid,  upright  shoots.  The  flowers  and  fruit  resemble  those  of  the  mountain 
asn,  but  are  smaller :  the  former  are  freouently  abortive  ;  and  the  latter,  when 
it  is  produced,  is  generally  without  seeds.  It  is  a  robust,  hardy,  vigorous- 
growing  tree,  which  comes  early  into  leaf,  and  is  well  deserving  of  a  place  in 
collections.  This  species,  and  all  the  others  belonging  to  the  section  j^orbus, 
graft  readily  on  the  common  hawthorn ;  and,  as  they  make  very  handsome,  small, 
round-headed  trees,  beautiful  at  every  season  of  the  year,  common  hedges 
might  be  grafted  with  them  at  regular  distances,  and  the  grafts  would  grow 
up,  and  become  handsome  standards. 


AKBORETUH    £T   FnUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 


ITy^^ 


I  3*.  P.  sFU^RiA  Dec.    the  ipurioui  Service  Tree. 

idrnteUaUtm.    Dtc.  Frod.  1. 
Snmirma.    P.  hfbridi  Mam 

rtbrtk  Pen.  Ant.  i.  p.  n.  i , -„ 

IroM.  Dmt.  jfr«.  t.  A,  bat  OM  ol  Smllh  ;  e. 
"'       1  wJk.,  t.  &. «  Um  m"- 
llM.t*Ddour^.1«4. 


uukerltTor  tfOU.  ^.  1.  p.  lOU.!  Mtb 

»v.  siwif  <.  p-n.1  f.  loiWMu  h»cv 

_._.™._-.. .  ••— J  JftJt  I.  p.  M8. 

I  WiU.  D«L  BrK 


xxTi.  jtosA'cGJG :  py'Bus.  445 

Spec,  Char^  4'"-  Leaflets  OTate,  crenate;  3  pairs,  with  an  odd  one,  which  is 
longer  than  the  others :  all  are  bairj'  beneath.  Petiole  gland-bearing 
upon  the  upper  side.  Styles  5.  Incenoediate,  and  perh^M  a  hybrid,  be- 
tveen  P,  aucupiria  and  P.  urtiutifolio.  (Dec.  ProdJ)  A  low  tree,  with 
rambling,  slender,  dark-coloured  shoots,  and  (ruit  resemblingthat  of  P.  ta- 
bu^lia.    Height  10  ft.  to  soft.    In  cultiration  in  IBOO.     Flowers  white; 


Vanety. 

r  p.  (.  8  phtdida  Hort.,  S6i\ma  h^da  n^ndula  Lodd.  Col.,  P.  sptlria 
rambucifotia  Horl,  Brit,  (the  plate  of  this  variety  in  Arb.  Snl.,  1st 
edit.  vol.  vi.)  has  pendulous  shoots,  and  is   a  Tery  distinct  and 
most  interestinf;  kind.     There  are  fine  low  trees  of  it  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Garden  ;  and,  if  grafted  10  or  18  feet  high,  in- 
stead of  only  3  or  4  feet,  as  it  is  there,  it  would  fbnn  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  pendulous  trees.      It  is  prolific  in   flowers,  and 
dark  purple  fruit ;  and  the  leaves  die  oif  ot  an  intensely  dark  pur- 
plish red.     Every  hawthorn  hedge  might  be  adorned  with   this  tree 
b;  grafting. 
Both  the  species  and  varietj  are  very  desirable  smaU  trees  for  thdr  leaves, 
their  flowers,  and  their  ftult ;  they  are  readily  propagated  by  grafting  on  the 
commoD  thorn  or  mountain  ash,  and  require  the  same  soil  as  that  species. 


SA  Wait.     The  leafy  Hounuin  Ash. 


.„,_,— — *-  '-*''  F-  *"-  ■  '>-  ''>■''  IUi.|l.  p.  Bl.i  DoD'i 

Bitgniwtmti.    Will.  Fl.  Adu.Rar.,1,1.  IBS.)  udourjIf.TW. 
^c.  Char,,  S^c.     Leaves  pinnate, 

with  7 — 8  pairs  of  elUptic-lan- 

ceolate,  miicronate  leaflet!,  which 

ire  serrated  at  the  apex,  pubes- 
cent beneath.    Cymes  branched, 

terminal,      pubescent.      (Don't 

Milt.)     A  deciduous  tree.   No- 

pal,on  mountains.    Height  15ft. 

to  soft.    Introduced?.  Flowera 

white;  June.    Pome  small,  obo- 

vate  roundish,  red  i  ripe  Nov. 

This  very  desirable  and  probably 

quite  hardy  species,  we  believe, 

has  not  yet  bMn  introduced,  bnt 

it  doubtless  will  soon  be  so. 

P.  Urcma  Wall.  CaL    p.  675,  ' 
and  Don't  MUL  ii.  p.  648.,  U  a 
native   of    Nepal,  with    pinnate 
leaves,    and     numerous    leaflets, 
rusty  beneath  ;  and  with  red  fivit,  '» 

about  the  nie  of  that  of  the  '  '       ' 


j  vii.  Ade^radiit  Dec 

Sect.  Chitr.  Petals  ^reading,  each  with  a  claw,  and  a  concave  limb.  Styles 
8 — 5.  Pome  globose.  Leaves  simple,  the  midrib  bearing  glands  on  its 
upper  surface  (which  is  the  character  expressed  in  the  sectional  name). 
lowers  in  branched  corymbs.  —  Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  North 
America  ;  growing  to  the  height  of  4  or  5  feet,  and  prolific  in  flowers, 
followed  by  red,  dark  purple,  or  black,  fruit.  They  arc  all  readily 
propagated  by  division,  bj  suckers,  or  by  grafting  on  the  common  hawthorn. 


449  ARBORETUM    ET   FROTICETUH   BRITANHICUM, 

Tliii  Mctioa  is  ao  iinGke  the  others  in  habit  and  general  appeanwce,  that 
it  would  be  much  more  convenient  to  have  it  m  a  distinct  gentu  t  My, 
jirdnia,  u  it  wai  be&re  that  geniui  was  united  with  P^nia. 

M  36.  P.  .abutipo'lu  L.^.    The  ArbutusJeftved  Arooia. 

Ttu  us. i  Dk.  PiwL,  1.  p. OI.i  Dod'i HIU., 

^Vncwnmi.  CrmUt'sn*  pnHtUki  Lam.  Ofet.  1. 
p.  at. ;  irteU  iirrlaila  Peri.  3rL  1.  p.  ■».  i 
VCnU'iiii  (OTiu  l>ii>.  Simm.  I.  B.  Ba.  i  Wlt- 
pUui  crtnuUMlm  Sc*MM(^r£  t,  W.,  JAU:  Ak^ 

Xuiwi««|(.     Bcfamldl  Aril.,  t.  M.  t    ■ml  our 

Sptc.  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  obovate,  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  creoate,  tomentoae 
beneath,  espedall;  when  j'oung,  the  ' 
midrib   in   each  glandulous   wove. 
Calyx  tomeniose.    Pome  daHi  red 

or  purple.  (Dec.  Prod 

uus  snrub.  North  I 
Canada  to  Carolina,  ii 
and  swamps,  common, 
to  6  ft.  Introduced  io  ' 
crs  white ;  Hay.  I 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  September.  De- 
caying leaves  intensely  dark  red,  or  purplish  black. 
Varietiti. 

•  P.    a.  2   iniermidia    Lindl.    CHort. 

Trani.,  vil  p.  S89. :  Don's  Hill.,ii. 

p.  649.  and  our  ^.  TD8.}  has  the 

Wt  globose  and  brown. 


3auy  WDun  young,  uio  ' 

:h  glandulous   wove. 

ose.    Pome  daHi  red  I 

ec.  Prod.)     A  decidu-  -,^^  ~Ty»«jyr 

North  America,  from  /ia>(t^  V\      I 

arolina,  in  low  copses  KVUtwf)t         \\    / 

ommon.     Hd^t  4 ft.  ^S^^K^^^KmofV  \\  / 

ducediniTOO.  i^^w- n|r^vfVjHr!l    f       Ml 

Uy,      Fruit  dark  red  ^r^^  i  ^"^  '^I'\  f  ^\  * 


it  globose  and  brown, 
r.  a.  3  *er6tma  lindl.  (Hort.  Trans,, 
1.  c;  Don's  Mill.,  I.e.)  has  the 
leaves  shining  above,  and  velvety 
beneath;  and  the  fruit  late,  and 
parly-coIoured. 


,  a.  4  putaila,  JMIfsiulus  pilimla 
Lodd.Cat.(KjaaBe,t.S9.;  and  our 
J^$.  7ff7,  and  799.),  appears  to  be 
different  from  the  two  precedli^  '**■  '■ 

varieties.    It  is  a  low  plant,  seldom  exceeding  I 


xxTi.  JtosA  CRX :  PY^Rirs.  447 

oad  rootiiig  at  the  jcnata.    The  fiirit  is  intennediate 
in  colour  between  P.  orbutifdlia  and  P.  mebwo-  | 

cirpe,  being  of  a  reddish  blad^ 
A  very  desirable  shrab,  frequent  iu  collectioni,  and  Itnown 
ia  the  ntmeriea  under  the  name  of  JIAspilui  arbutif&lia.     It 
is  protiiic  in  flowers,  which  are  prodiicecl  in  May,  and  which 
are  followed  by  dark  red  or  purple  fruit,  which,  when  not 
eaten  by  birds,  will  remain  on  the  bushes  till  the  followiDg 
April  or  May,  when  the  plant  ia  again  in  flower.   This  spedes, 
whether  ai  a  buah,  or  Rafted  standard  high  on  the  common 
thorn,  is  highly  ornamental  in  spring,  when  it  is  covered  with    ,„,  ,. ,.  pt„iu. 
its  profusion  of  white  Sowers;  in  autumn,  when  its  foliage 
assumes  a  deep  red  or  purple;  and  in  winter,  after  the  leaves  have  dropped, 
when  it  is  still  enriched  with  its  persistent  fruiL     It  is  propagated  by  layers, 
suckers,  or  seeds ;    but  most  frequently  by  suckers.      There  was,  in  1B35, 
a  reoiarUily  fine  plaot  of  this  species,  grafted  standard  high,  in  Knisht's 
Exotic  Nursery:  it  tiad  attained  the  hdght  of  10  or  18 feet;  its  branches  Hung 
down  gracefully  to  the  ground,  not  in  one  mass,  but  in  varied  tufls  ;  and 
their  appearance  in  autumn,  when  they  were  of  an  intensely  purple  red,  was 
beyond  expression  interesting  and  beautjfiil. 


Ill  S  WUU.  Sf.  %.  p.  lolt.  1  ATim\^  arbaUTblU 
4.  Sorlbliiidl  LiM.i  II.  lAbliu  LaM.  Col.  1B3 
rtL.t.SS.;  KnuH,l.n.;  Udour^b-SM. 

Leaves  obovate-<Aloa^  acuminate, 
lus  beneath  ;  the  midnb  glandulous 
above.  Corymb  more  crowded  than  in  P.  oibutif&tia. 
Calji  glabrous.  Pome  black.  (ZJtfc.  Prad.)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  North  Americi^  in  Canada,  in  bo^ 
and  on  the  high  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Virginia ; 
and  judging  from  the  pl.mts  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Qiirden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs. 
Loddiges,  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of  P.  arbuti- 
fdlia.  Hei^t  4  ft.  to  5  a.  Cultivated  in  1700. 
Flowers  whue ;  Hay.  Fruit  large,  black,  resembling 
e  those  of  faccfnium  pennsylvinicum ;  ripe  in 


Varieiy. 

m  P.  (a.)  m.  2  mbptAhceni  Lindl.  (HorL  Trans.,  

vu.  p.  238.  i  Don's  Mill.,  ii.  p.  649.),  P.  tn.      to."T%, 
xanthocirpa   Hurt.,   has    the    leaves,   when 
young,  tomentose  beneath,  hut  glabrous  in  the  adult  state. 
P,  (a.)  melanoc&rpa  or  its  variety,  grafted  standard  high  on  the  common 
hawthorn,  fonns  a  truly  interesting  pendulous,  and  at  the  same  time  pictu- 
resque,  tree  ;  and  we  can  scarcely  sufficiently  recommend  it  for  small  shrub- 
benes  and  suburban  gardens.    As  its  berries  are  not  so  greedily  eaten  by  birds 
as  those  of  most  of  the  other  Aositcefe,  in  mild  winters  they  remnin  on  till  the 
following  summer,  and  mix  beautifully  with  the  flowers  in  June.     It  grafts 
readily  on  the  common  hawthorn ;  and  it,  and  all  the  other  species  and  varieties 
belonging  to  the  section  Adendrachis,  might  he  introduced  into  our  common 
hedges  by  any  countryman  who  could  graft,  thus  rendering  them  truly  orna- 
mental. 

M  38.  P,  {a.)  FLoaiBu'NDi  lAndl,  The  abundant-flowered  Aronln. 
UauifMllBm.  Undl.  Hurt.  Tnu.,  T.  p.  ISO.  i  LlAdl.Bot.  Hif.,  lOOfi. ;  Don'i  HIIU  1.  p.  U!>. 
AwnMiiit.    Lindl.  Bin.  Res.,  I.  lOOG.  t  md  varjig.  BSI. 


448  ARBORETUH    £T    FRUTICETUH  &RITAHNICUH. 

^tec.  Char,,  ^c.  Bmnches  dnereou^ 
reclinate.  Leavea  oblongJanceolate, 
acute,  on  long  Dctioles,  tomeDhMe 
beneath,  as  irell  aa  the  calyxes. 
Fruit  spherical.  Corj'mbs  many- 
flowered,  and  longer  than  the  leaves. 
(^Don'i  Mill.)  A  shrub  resembling 
the  preceding  species,  but  with  more 
pendulous  tranches.  Originated  in 
^rdens.  Hdght  3  ft  to  4  ft.  Cul- 
tivated in  1815.  Flowers  white) 
May.  Fruit  black;  ripe  in  Septem- 
ber. 
The  leaTca  die  off  of  a  punlith  red ; 

and  the  whole  plant,  from  the  time  of 

it*  leafing  till  it  becomes  naked,  is  bigfaly  intcrestii^  and  ortumoita],  more 

especially  when  graAed  standard  high. 

.■  39.  P.  (j.)  Dbprb'ssa  Lindl.     The  deprewed  Aronia. 

UtMfficttlfiMt.    LlDdl.  Hon.  Triiu.,T.p.ltaiDi]a'illlU., 
tfif.  801  ttaa  ■  ipKliiHii  la  Dr.  Uadlej'i 


'JT 


Bs  well  aa  the  calyies.    Fruit  ptar-atuped. 

Corymbs  length  of  the  leaves.  (Don't  MUI.} 

A   low    shrub,   with   pendulous    depressed 

branches.    Of  garden  ori^n.  Hdght  1  ft.  to 

8  ft.     Cultivated  in  1815.    Flowers  white; 

May.  Fruit  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  September. 

It  is  evidently  a  variety  or  modification  of 

the  preceding  sort ;  and,  from  its  profusion  of 

flowers  and  iniit,  end  the  purple  hue  of  its 

foliage,  it  is  highly  ornamental. 


■  40.  P.  {^.)  PU'BENS  LiadL     The  downy.4ranc*ed  Aronia. 
IJmtlficatiim.  LIud].  lion.  Trui(.,T.p.«U.i  Don'i  MIU..  1.  p.«t8. 
BtraHag.    (yarjlf.  ML  (nm  m  Uilng  iptdniea  Id  Uh  Hortlcul- 
tuIAl  SodMr'*  uudoi. 

lijpec.  Oiar.,  4t.  Stem  erect.  Branches  pubescent 
Leaves  oblong  or  obovate,  abruptly  acuminated, 
smooth.  Fruit  spherical,  and,  aa  well  as  the  ca- 
lyxes, quite  glabrous.  Corymbs  loose,  and  many-, 
flowered.  {Don't  Mill.')  A  bushy  shrub,  with  ro- 
bust foliage,  and  shoots.  Of  garden  origin.  Height 
4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Cultivated  in  1810.  Flowers 
white  i  May.  Fruit  round,  large,  dark  puq>le; 
ripe  in  September. 

This  and  the  following  kind  have  much  of  the 
robust  foliago  and  habit  of  P.  Chamsmespiius,  and 
well  deserve  a  place  in  collections.  \mK 


ilDdl.  Hart.  Tniu.,  r.  P.93L;  llnOl.  BoL  Rtg.,  IIM.  )  Doo'i  Hill.,  1.  a.  U9. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  erect,  and,  as  well  as  the  branches,  smouthish.  Leaves 


XXVI.  sosa^ceje:  pv'rus 

oblong,  or  obovate, 

acute,        glabrous. 

Fruit        spherical, 

;  lud,  BB  well  as  the 

caljies,    glabroua, 

tubs  few-Bow- 

coarctate. 

Fruit  with  a  filtoua 


Jorrmbs 

'    itwil 

__^.  (Don't  MiU.) 
A  bush;  shrub.  Qt 
rJen  origin,  pro- 
Height  4  ft.  to  S  ft.  Cultivated  in  1810.  ^ow-  ' 
en  white ;  Ma;  and  June.  Fruit  dark  purple; 
ripe  Sept.     Decaying  leaves  purple  and  yellow. 

It  bears  a  proAuion  of  flowers,  and  dark  purple  fruit ;  and,  on  that  account, 
and  also  on  account  of  the  purple  tinge  of  its  leaves,  it  is  highly  ornamental. 
Dr.  Lindle^  connders  it  as  tne  most  Tdluable  species  of  this  division  of  Pyrua 
that  has  hitherto  been  described. 

}  viii.  Ciiamamlspiliig  Dec. 

Styles   2.     Pome  ovate. 
Randiest.    Flowers  in  a  capitate  "~      -    ■ ' 

•  it.  P.  Cukum 


Spec,  Char.,  Jfc.     Leaven   orate,  Berrated,  gla- 
brous; except  beariiu  on  the  under  surface, 
whea  young,  down,  which  is  deciduous.  (Ike. 
Prod.)    A  stiff-branched  shrub,     Europe,  in 
rou^  mountainoua   places.     Height  A  ft.  to 
6  ft.     Introduced  in    16BS.     Flowers  white, 
tinted  with  rose ;  Blay  and  June.  Fruit  round, 
orange-coloured,  or  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
This  species  forms  a  compact  bush,  and  flow- 
ers and  fruits  in  the  greateM  abundance,  and 
hence  it  merits  to  be  much  more  extensively 
introduced  into  collections  than  it  appears  to 
have  hitherto  been.      It  grsfta   beautifully  on 
the  common  hawthorn ;  and,  indeed,  whoever 
has  a  qnickset  hedge  may  have  a  collection  of 
•u  (W^  ^.i.^-,.  _r.i.!l :. 


of  this 


Orter  ^MKia  o/P#nu.  —  P.  almMa  Lindl.  in  Lin.  Trans,  xiii.  p.  98.  Leaves 
gUbrous.  roundish,  feather-oerred,  and  rather  glaucous  beneath  Fniit  black 
and  sugary.  North  America,  at  Fort  Mandon.  —  P.  tomenldta  Dec.  Prod.  n. 
p.  637. ;  JWUus  tomentdsa  Dum.  Coun.  ed.  2.  v.  p.  +38.  Allied  to  P  bac- 
cita  s  but  the  flowers,  as  well  u  fruit,  are  unknown.  Siberia.— P.  ruOciiiiia 
Hoffmans.  (r^..  182*.  p.  198.;  Dec.  ftwf.,iL  p.  637.)  Leaves  oval-acu- 
imnale.    Fnut  partly  red  and  partly  yellow.    Native  country  unknown. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICl'AI 

Genus  XXL 


__jirB.  Iut.,en.  L4U. :  D«.  Prod,  *.p.63l.:D«i'>  urn.,  l.  p.  (U. 

^numtfl-    Pimt  If.  LM.  I  Colfnuilsr,  Fr.  -,  (hilUsnbuun,  Otr. ;  CMOfDO,  Ilat, 

DrriiiUtaa.    Frois  Ui  luttifl  plan,  Cuiim,  In  CndUi. 

Gm.  Char.  Ctdyx  5-cleft.  PttaU  orijiculnr.  Slamew  erect  Slylei  S.  Pome 
cloned,  5-celled  ;  cells  cnrtilHginous,  many-seeded.  Seedi  covered  with  mu- 
Gila^ouR  pulp.  (^Don'i  MULi 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  BerrateU  or  entire.  Flowert 
large,  solitary,  or  few  together  in  a  kind  of  umbel.  —  Low  dedduoui  trees  or 
shrubs,  natiTCS  of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  easily  propagated  b;  layers,  or  by  grain- 
ing on  the  common  thorn.    Common  wil,  rather  moist  than  dry. 

T  1.   C.  vuloa'kis  Pen.     The  common  Quince  Tree. 

SfMimtma.    PiruM  CjibaiR  tm.  Sp.  &B..  Jmci,.  Auur.  t.  Ml.  i  C.  aunpCm  f».  A».  Time.  1.  p.  M, 
JKv»hiv^    JkH-  Aiuu.,  l  hi  1  tba  pUU  In  Aril.  Brit,  III  edit.,  toL  tL  i  ud  our  A.  SOT. 


l^i>ec.  Char.,  4«.  Leaves  ovale,  obtuse  at  the  ba«e,  entire,  tomeotMe  beneath. 
Calyx  tomenlose ;  its  lobes  serrulated,  and  a  little  leafy.  Stamens  in  one 
row.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  low  tree.  South  of  Europe,  in  rocky  places  and 
hedges;  Rud  by  some  considered  indigenous  in  Britain.  Height  15  ft.  to  90  ft. 
Cultirated  in  1373.  Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Fruit  large,  of  a  fine 
orange  ydlow  ;  ripe  in  November. 
Fariilia. 

1  C.  r.  1  pyriforviii  Hort.  —  Fruit  pear-shaped, 
f  C  V,  i  maSformu  Hon.  —  Fruit  app]fr«haped.* 


XXVI.  sosaceje:   cydo  ma.  451 

t  C.  D.  3  Auifjiwa  Du  Hun. — Broader  leaves,  uid  larger  fruit,  tbui  the 

two  precedtni   kinds  ;  and,  being  of  more  vigorous  growth,  it  is 

better  ad^tea  (br  bdng  used  as  a  stock  for  pears. 

The  quince  is  a  low  tree,  with  a  crooked  stem  and  tortuous  rambling 

branches.     It  is  of  moderatel]'  rapid  growth  when  joung  ;  attaining,  in  four 

or  five  jean,  the  hd^t  of  6  or  8  feet ;  and,  in  ten  or  twelve  years,  the  height 

of  15  feet :  after  which  it  continues  to  increate  iu  width  of  head  only,'  being 

very  seldotn  fbund  higher  than  15  or  SO  feet. 

The  quince  prefers  a  momt  free  soil,  near  water,  and  a  situation  open,  but 
sheltered.  In  dry  ami,  neither  the  tree  nor  the  thiit  atluns  any  size ;  and, 
in  dtoations  exposed  to  high  winds,  the  fruit  will  not  remaia  on  Uie  tree  till 
ripe.    Layers. 

i  2.  C.  sine'hsis  T^oKot.     The  China  Quince  Tree. 
IdaMHitUim.    Tboubi  Ann.  Hiu.,  IS.  p.  14&.  1 8.  ud  B.  i  Dec  Prod..  1.  p.  SSa.  i  Dsn-i  HUl.,  *. 


ii>A».    Aiu.  Hu.,  111. B. MJ^I  iCa pUte of 


__. ^_. , „.. . r-iteoftUitreaki  AibB 


^tee,  Our^  fc.  Leaves  ovate,  acununated  at  t 
when  young  a  little  villoae,  and  when  adult  „ 
linear,  aerrated  ;  the  teeth  glaoded.  Flowers  rosy,  becoming  red.  Caljrz 
glabrous ;  its  lobes  serrulated,  and  a  little  leafy.  Stamens  in  one  row.  Fruit 
^^«haped,  lai^e,  hard,  alntoat  juiceless,  and  greenish.  Seeds  in  each  cdl 
about  30,  with  many  abortive.  (Dec,  Prt>d.)  A  very  handsome  low  tree, 
very  distinct  in  appearance  trom  the  common  quince,  from  the  shinins  sur> 
ftce  of  its  leaves,  and  the  twular  serrature*  of  their  marpos.  Qiina. 
Heigfatin  China  20ft;  m  England  lOfl.  to  12ft.  Introduced  in  1818. 
Ftowera  white  or  pale  red;  May  and  June.  Fruit  (^-shaped,  greenish, 
hard,  and  nearly  dry ;  ripe  in  October, 
est 


452 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


m  3.  C.  JAPO^NiCA  Pen.    The  Japan  Quince  Tree. 

Ideni^lctUian.     Pen.  8jn^  2.  p.  4a ;  Dec.  Prod.,  %  p.  688. ;  Doo*f  Mill..  %  p.  650. 
SynomvmeB.     ?  Pfnu  \mOnU»  Tkwtb.  fl.  Jan.  907.,  and  Bot,  Mag,  t  692. ;  ChKnomtiet  iapteioi 
IMI,  Lin.  Tram*.  1&  p.  96. 

BoC  Maf n  tl692. ;  MorrU  FL  Conf p.,  1. 1 . ;  ourj^.  809. ;  waAflg-  810*  thowlnf  the  flrnit. 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves 
ovaly  somewhat  cuneated. 
crenately  serrated^  gla- 
brous upon  both  sur&ces* 
Stipules  kidney-shaped, 
«uia  serrated.  Flowers 
mostly  2 — 3  together, 
rarely  solitary.  Calyx 
glabrous  ;  its  lobes  short, 
obtuse,  entire.  Stamens 
in  two  rows.  (^Dec.  Prod.) 
A  rambling  deciduous 
shrub.    Japan  and  China. 

Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introd.in  1815.  Flowers  scar- 
let ;  produced  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  Fruit 
green,  very  fragrant,  but  not  eatable ;  ripe  in  Oct. 

Varietiet. 

A  C.  J.  2  Jiore  dlbo  has  cream-coloured,  or  very  pale  red,  flowers,  and 

forms  a  very  distinct  kind  when  in  blossom. 
A  C.  j,  3  Ji,  tend-pleno  has  red  flowers,  somewhat  semidouble.     There 

are  plants  of  Uiis  kind  in  the  Kensii^ton  Nursery. 

One  of  the  most  desirable  deciduous  shrubs  in  cultivation,  whether  as  a 
bush  in  the  open  lawn,  trained  a^nst  a  wall,  or  treated  as  an  ornamental 
hedge  plant.  It  has  also  been  tramed  up  with  a  single  stem  as  a  standard ; 
and,  in  this  character,  its  pendent  branches  and  numerous  flowers,  give  it  a 
rich  and  striking  appearance,  especially  in  early  sprine.  It  is  difficult  to  unite 
with  its  congeners  oy  grafting ;  but,  if  it  could  be  grafted  standard  high  on  the 
pear,  the  hawthorn,  or  even  on  the  common  quince,  it  would  form  a  most  de- 
lightful little  tree.  Readily  propagated  by  layers  or  suckers,  and  it  also  grows 
by  cuttings. 


Order  XXVII.     CALYCANTHA^CE^. 

Ord.  Char,  Calyx  coloured,  many-parted.  Segments  in  many  series,  unequal. 
Corolla  none.  Stameru  indefinite,  in  several  series.  Anthers  adnate,  ex- 
trorse.  Styles  exserted.  Carpels  l-seeded,  enclosed  within  the  fleshy  tube 
of  the  calyx.  Albumen  none.  Agrees  with  Rodtceas  in  fruit,  and  Gnnktett 
in  leaves,  but  diflTers  from  both  in  the  absence  of  petals  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  feather-nerved,  rough. 
Flowers  axillary.  —  Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  Asia  and  America. 

Calyoa'nthus.     Stamens  12,  deciduous. 
Chimona'nthus.     Stamens  5,  persbtent. 

Genus  L 


CALYCA^NTHUS   UndL    The  Caltcanthus,  or  Amsrican  Alzspics. 

Lm,  Syst.  Icos&ndria  Polygj^ia. 

Jdemtifieaiiom.    LindL  in  Bot  R«g.,  t.404.;   N«m  Not.  Act.  Nat.  Cnr.  Bonn.,  11.  p.  107.;  Dee. 
Prod.,  8.  p.  S. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  9.  p..6&2. 


xxTii.  calycahtba\x£  :  calvca'nthus.  45U 

t^tumrmit.  CiljabUil  qi.  U>^  Lam.,  WIBi. ;  Biittoti/a  Du  Him.  Arb.,  I.  p.  Ill .  not  a\  Lin.  ■. 
BnuTtr/ii  EfcMl  Pict.  I  13.  i  BaM«na  Aduu.  Fim.  «.  p.  SM.  i  PomiiKloirfl  Budiai  i  C.lj- 
cutbe.  Wt.  1  Gewlirrnnacti  (ipln  ihrub).  Kelcli  Blimia.  Oer.  ■,  CiUculo,  IlaL 

**-— '--      "—  I--'---    -   — Ijx,  uld  aiiM«,  I  flower }  the  oWx  li  colaared.  mod  reuinblea  X 

u  flien  to  It  bj  tbe  InJublunti  of  CirollDi,  ftom  tbe  icroa^  v(k 

Geii.  Char.  Loba  of  calyx  disposed  in  many  acriea,  imbricate,  lanceolate, 
all  lomewhat  coriaceouB  and  coloured.  Stament  unequal,  deciduous, 
13  outer  onea  fertile.     Adienia  Dumerous.  (Don't  Mill,) 

J^taeet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire,  coriaceous. 
Flovxn  uulUiy,  rising  alter  the  leaves,  of  a  lurid  purple  colour,  and 
Bweet'scented,  as  well  aa  the  bark  and  leaves. 

Deciduoui  shrubs,  natives  of  North  America  ;  propagated,  id  England,  by 
layers.  DeCandolle  states  that  the  removal  erf' the  terminal  leaf  bud  of  a 
shoot  causes  the  production  of  too  new  flower  buds ;  and  that  by  this  practice 
a  succession  of  flowers,  during  the  whole  summer,  may  be  obtained  when 
desirable.  (Dec.  Prod.) 

•  1.  C.  flo'ridus  L.     The  flowery  Calycanthus,  or  Carolina  AUipice. 
UnOlamm.    Un.  9p,,TIB.;   Null.  Gvn.  Aaer,  I.  p.sil.,  Use  Pn>d..l.  p.  1;  Dga'i  UUl.,1- 
S^^awHTi.    C  lUrOli  Wall.  Car.   IS],  i   iwaM-untsd  Sbrub.  «•  Canllmat    comnon  Amsrleu 
;   Lim.  U],  t  **i.  L  I. ;  Oulinp.  Abb. 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Wood 

of  the  trunk,  and  es-  ' 

pecially  of  the  root, 

Intensely        camphor-  * 

scented.        Branches 

q)reading  i   branch  lets 

tomentoie.         Leaves  j 

oval,     tomentose    be- 
neath. Flowers  mostly 

abortive.     Fruit  top-  . 

shaped.   (Dec.   Prod.)  i 

A     dense     orbiculate  ' 

bush.  Carolina,  on  the 
^  shaded  banks  of  rivu-  m.  c  aMt^. 

111.  c.i,<faii»  (IMA..  |g(j  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 

Introduced  in   1786.      Flowers  dusky,  purple,  scented  ;  May  to   August, 
Fruit  brown,  rarely  seen  in  England.     Oeoeral  aspect  of  the  foliage,  hi 
summer,  dark  brownish  green.      Decaying  leaves  bright  yellow.     Naked 
joang  wood  dark  bromi. 
Farieiiet.     DeCandolle  gives  two  forais  of  this  species  :  — 

■  C.  /.  1  oi/iSngu,  leaves  oblong  (Ait.  Hort.  Kcvi.,  ed.  S.,  a  p.  888.) ;  and 

■  C.  /.  2  oeatm,  leaves  roundishly  ovate  (Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,   ed.  B.,  3. 

p.  282.). 
The  tbUowing  varieties  are  in  Loddiges's  Calaiogue  Gtr  1636 ;  and  plants 
of  most  of  them  are  in  thdr  arboretum,  and  in  that  of  the  Horticultural 

*  C.  /  3  atplei^oUia  has  cut  leaves. 
»  C.f.  \ftraa  has  fertiie  flowers. 

*  C.f.  i  gla&cta  has  leaves  somewhat  glaucous. 
M  C.  f.  6  inodonu  has  flowers  nearly  scentless. 
»  C.  f.  7  longifoSia  has  elongated  leaves. 

m  C./.  8  variegiiiu  has  variegated  leaves. 
The   flowers  erow  singly   on  short  peduncles   at   the   extremity   of  the 
branches  ;  they  nave  two  series  of  narrow  thick  sepals,  which  spread  open, 
and  turn  inward  at  the  top,  like  those  of  the  anemone  or  clematis.    It  thrives 


454 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM* 


best  in  a  light,  rich,  sand^  soil,  kept  rather  moist,  and  in  a  shady  situation. 
The  varieties  differ  very  slightly  from  each  other. 

A  2.  C.  (p.)  OLAu'ccjs    JVilld.     The  ^^cou94eaved  Galycanthus,  or  fertile- 

flowered  Amencan  Allspice, 


JdenHfiaOkm.    WQld.  Bnum.,  B69.  t  Purih  Fl.  Sept.  Amar.,  p.  367.:  Dec.  Prod.,  &  p.  8. 
Smmotmme,     C.  ftrtlUf  WaU,  Cor.  lAl..  Umil,  BoL  Reg,  t  404.,  Omimp.  Abb.  Hob.  t.  i., 
JMKTs.P.  66S. 


Dom's 


ingt.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  404. ;  Guhnp.  Abb.  Holx.,  t.  5. ;  and  our 

.  81^ 


818.    C.(f.)gUteM. 


Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Branches  spreading.  Leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  glaucous  beneath,  pubescent. 
Flowers  less  odorous  than  those  of  C.  fl^ridus. 
(Dec.  Prod.)  A  dense  orbiculate  bush.  Carolina, 
on  mountains.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1726.  Flowers  lurid  purple  ;  Mav  to  August. 
Fruit,  leaves,  and  young  wood  as  in  the  preceding 
species. 

Varieh/, 

A  C,g.2oblon^o&us  Nutt  Oen.  Amer.i.  p.  3 1 2., 
Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  2.  C.  oblongif61ius  Horl. 
^ri/.— Leaves  ovate^lanceolate,  elongated. 
A  native  of  North  Carolina,  on  mountains.  (2}ee,  Prod,,  iii.  p.  2.) 

Closely  resembling  C.  fldridus  in  ceneral  uipearance ;  and  reouiring  the 
same  soil  and  culture.  According  to  Pursh,  the  flowers  are  like  tnose  of  C. 
fl6ridus ;  but  their  scent  is  not  so  agreeable,  and  is  more  faint.  Whether 
there  is  much  difference  between  this  sort  and  C.  f.  5  gla^cus,  we  have  not 
had  an  opportunity  of  ascertaining ;  the  plant  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  arbore- 
tum not  navinp  flowered.  We  have  therefore  retained  the  description  of  this 
kind  as  a  species,  in  deference  to  Pursh,  DeCandoIle,  and  G.  Don,  though  we 
strongly  suspect  that  they  are  identical. 

A  3.  C.  (p.)  LJEVioAh'US  Willd,     The  g\abroua4eaved  Calycanthus,  or  Ame- 
rican AlUpice, 

Idemiflcatiom.    Willd.  Bnum..  B69. ;  Willd.  Hort.  Berol.,  t.  80. ;   Parah  Fl.  Sept.  Amer.,  p.  8M. ; 

Nutt  Oen.  Amer.,  1.  p.Sl&j  Dec.  Prod.,;3.  p.  9. ;   Don'i  Mill.,  S.  p.  6ftS. 
Synomfmet.   C.  fdrax  MtckM.  n  Bor.Amer.  I.  p.  905.;  C.  pennqrl. 

Tintcus  Lodd,  Cat. 
Engrwrtmgt.    Bot.  Ri)r.,  t.  481. ;  and  our  Jig.  814. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Branches  strictly  upright.  Leaves 
oblonff  or  ovate,  and  gradually  acuminated,  slightly 
wrinkled ;  the  upper  surface  rough  to  the  touch, 
the  under  one  fflabrous  and  green.  {Dec,  Prod.) 
A  dense  orbiciuate  bush,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia 
and  Carolina,  on  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Introduced  in  1806,  and  resembline  the  two  pre- 
ceding sorts  in  appearance  and  culture,  but  with 
the  leaves  more  pointed.  Very  probably  the  C.  f. 
4  f^rax  of  the  preceding  page. 


Oenus  IL 


CHIMONA'NTHUS  Lindl,    Thb  Chimonanthus,  or  Winter-Flower. 

Lin,  Sytt,  Icos&ndria  Polygynia. 
Identification.    Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  404.  and  451. ;  Dec  Frod.,.8.  p.  %  j  Don't  MUl.,  9.  p  668. 


XXVII.  CALYCANTHA  CEJE  :    CHIMONa'NTUUE.  455 

Sfmenfmn.    HaUfa  H«h  Ad.  Bac-Mit.  Bonn.  U,  p.  lOT.  |  Citjcinl)il([i.  UMa. 

Daitiltim.    From  lArlmim,  wIdIb.  nd  autsf.  i  flomr  i  In  •llulai  u  [far  huod  dT  lu  ilawcrtiif. 

Gen.  CAar.  Lobei  of  calyx  imbricate,  oral,  obtuse  ;  outer  ones  in  the  fonn  of 
bracteal  t  inner  onca  Utger,  and  appearing  like  a  corolla.  iSlaniffu  nearly  equal, 
permanent,  the  five  outer  onei  fertile,  connate  at  the  boie.  (Don'i  Jiiil.) 

Leavei  Eimple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.     Floweri  rising  be- 
fore the  IcHTes,  in  the  axil*  of  the  leaves  of  the  preceding  year;  very  sweet- 
scented  ;  yellowish,  but  purplish  inside.     Bark  and  leaves  without  scent. 
A  deciduous  shrub,  a  native  of  JaiWD ;  remarkable  for  the  fragrance  of  its 
lowers,  which  are  produced  from  December  till  Mardi,  ""—  —  •*•"  """ 
sarden,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  and  more  espe 


flowers,  which  are  produced  from  December  till  Mardi,  even  in  the  open 
^rden,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  and  more  especiallj  if  the  plant 
I  trained  against  a  waU.  The  blossoms  are  produced  singly,  in  the  axils 
of  the  leaves,  on  the  shoota  of  the  preceding  year,  and  also  on  spurs  pro- 
ceeding from  the  old  wood.  The  soil,  culture.  Sic.,  are  the  same  as  for 
Calyc&othus. 

•  1.  C.  praNibaks  IMdL    The  fragrant^ouTrmt  Chimonanthus. 

UnatfiaUtm.    LlDdL  Bot.BH,t.«H.  111.;  D«.  Frod   l.  p.  I.;  Don'i  N01..  1. p. CM. 
SwunTiHi.    CalnfnUiiu  piW\»II  IJb.  Sf .  VJl%.,  Ail.  Hen.  Ktv.aX.\.to\.^  p.  SO.  L  I&,  Curf. 
Boi.Mag.  L  Ue.,  lam.  III.  1. 1*3.  L  1.  (  MEiiUa  IVtsnui  Nca  Ao.  Sue.  HM  Batm.  II.  p.  IDT.  i 
KfbA,  V  ftaiwl.  Xmif.  Aman.  SI?,  k.  1  tb«  Wlntw-nonr  I  dlfcuta  d*  J^ioa,  IV.  i  Jip>- 
Ti[Hbfl  Kskh  BlUDW,  Gtr. 
EivnTWl,    K>mpr.  Aqkio.  Ic  ;  Alt.  Hart.  Knr..  «d.  1.  lal.  U.  t.  10. ;    BM.  Ulf.,  t.  WL  i  Lug. 

a,  X^.  1. 1. 1  uul  miM-  Bl>' 
^ec.  Char.,  4'c.     Bark  and  leaves  scentless.     Flowers  protiuded  before  the 
leaves,  solitary  in  the  old  axils  of  leaves,  extremely  o<h)rous,  vellowi^,  and 
purple  within.    Fruit  flask-shaped,  or  thitier  above  the 
base,  and  in  the  iq>per  part  t^>ered  into  a  cylindrical 
neck.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A  deodnous  shrub.  J^ao.  Hei^t 
6  ft  to  8  ft.  as  a  bush, 
twice  that  hdght  when 
trained   against    a   wall. 
Introduced      in       1776. 
Flowers    yellowish    and 
purple  witW;  December 
to  March.      Fruit  RtA- 
sbaped.  Decaying  leaves 
greenish.    Naked  joung 
wood  light  grey. 


a  c'.f.  2grandifi«nu  Lintll.  Bot.  R«- 1.  Ml.  i  "nd  our^. 816.— Flowers 
larger,  and  more  spreading,     rrrut  oblong,  tapered   at   the  base. 

•  C.f.  skleta  Hort.  has  the  Bowers  yellow  both  inside  and  outside. 

•  C.f.i  pareijlina  Hort.  —  A  lUstinct  lete-Bowering  variety,     Pbuits 

in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 

The  flowers,  wWch  are  produced  in  the  n-eatest  abundance  from  November 
till  March  (as  the  name,  winter-flower,  implies),  and  which  ore  deli^tfiilly  and 
refi^shingly  fragrant,  scent  the  air  to  a  considerable  distance  round  the  tree. 
It  is  grown  in  most  choice  gardens  for  its  flowers ;  a  few  of  which  are 
gathered  daily,  and  placed  in  the  drawingroom  or  boudoir,  in  the  some  man- 
ner as  violets.  The  plant  is  generally  propagated  by  layers ;  but  it  frequenllj' 
produces  seeds,  from  which  many  plants  have  been  raised.  The  variety  C.  f. 
grandifldrus  has  the  flowers  rather  less  fragrant  than  the  species,  but  thev  are 
much  more  omaiuentol.  No  garden  whatever  ought  to  be  without  this  slirub. 
North  of  London,  it  deserves  a  wall  as  much  as  any  fruit  treej  at  least, 
Judpng  from  the  measure  of  enjoyment  which  it  is  calculated  to  afford :  and. 


ARBORETUM    ET   7HUTICETUM    BRITANMICUH. 

a  standard  buih  on  the  open  lawn,  c 


Order  XXVIII.     GRANATA'CEiE. 

OXD.  Cbab,  Calyr  5— 7-cteft,  tube  turbinate,  liinb  tubular  ;  s 
TBte.  Pelaii  5—7.  Stamnu  indefinite,  free.  Style  fiUform.  Sl^ma  cafHtate. 
Pniit  \aTge,  spherical,  divided  hoHiODtallj  into  two  compartments,  lower 
part  3 -celled ;  upper  part  5 — 9-celled.  Seedi  numerous,  covered  widi 
pellucid  baccate  pulp.  Albumen  wanting.  IXSers  liam  Mjiticeie  m  the  leaves 
being  without  dots.     (G.  Don.) 

Leatiet  nmple,  opposite  or  dtemate,  exstipulate,  deciduoua^  lanceolate, 
entire.     Floietn  terminal,  scariet.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  natives  of  Africa. 

Genus  I. 

Ea 

PtPKICA  Tmm.     The  Pohbcrihatb  Tru.    IM.  Syil.  Icosindria 
Monog^nia. 

iL,ip.a 


Gen.  f  i^or.  Same  as  that  of  the  order. 

^eavci  simple,  opposite,  sometimes  whorled  or  alternate,  cutipuli 
du«uB ;  oblong,  enure.      Ftoweri  terminal,  scarlet,  with  nunKfous  : 
—  Low  deciduous  trees  or  shrubs,  indigenous  to  Africa,  and  naturalised 
the  South  of  Europe. 

t   1.  P.  Grana'tuh  L.     Tlie  common  Pomegranate  Tree. 
Entn^i:    BM  Mick  IBi».(  •ulourA'Slr. 
Spec.   Char.,  ^c.      Stem   Hrboreous.      Leaf   lanceolate,    (^i;.   Ptvd.)      A 

deci^jous  tree.     Mauritania,  whence  it  may  have  migrated  into  the  South 

Europe,  where  it  is  now  perfectlj'  indigenous.  Height,  in  France  and  Italy, 

15  ft.  to  30  ft.;  in  Encland  generally  trained  against  a  wall,  where  it  attains 

double  that  height  when  Were  is  room. 

Introduced   in   ISM.       Flowers  scarlet; 

June   to    September.     Fruit  globose,   in 

warm  seasons  somedmes  ripened  in  No- 

rarielia. 

1  P.  G.  1  rubrum  Dec  Prod.  iii.  p.  3. 
(Trew  Ebret,  t.  71.  f.  1. ;  Poit.  st 
Turp.  Arbr.  Fr.,  SS.;  Schkuhr. 
Handb.,t.  131.fi.;  Sims Bot  Mag., 
t.  183S.;  and  ourj^.  817.)  hat  the 
flowers  red  j  pulp  of  fruit  reddish. 
Wild  in  Mauritania  and  the  South 
of  Europe,  end  enduring  even  the 
coldeBtwmters.(i)«;.PnMf,,iii.p.S.)  ,„    -  -„,| > 


XXVIII.    GBaNATA^CE^.       XXIX,  TAMARICA^CEf.  457 

A  P.  a.  S  riiiruin _fi6re  plena  Trew  Ehret  t.7I.  f.  2.  haa  double  red 
flowers.  It  is  common  in  eardcuB,  and  is  a  little  more  impadent  of 
cold  than  the  preceding  vuiety.  (Dec.  Prod.,  iit,  p.  i.) 

■  P.  O.  3ai£«i7nuDec.Prod.  iii.p.  4.,  Andr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  IS. —  Petals 

vhite.  Calfx  Blightly  yelloouh.  Pulp  of  tbe  Iruit  of  a  pale  red. 
It  is  cultivated  in  rardeDS,  uid  is  rattier  more  tender  than  P.  O. 
nlbrum.  (Dec.  Prod.,  iii.  p.  1.) 

■  P.  G.  1  a&itcemjlbreptmo  Dec.  hai  double  flowert,  which  are  nearly 

white.  It  a  cultiTated  in  gardens,  and  it  the  tenderest  of  all  the 
forms  of  the  species.  (Dec.  Prod.,  iii  p.  4.) 

■  P.  G.  Sftivum  Hort.  baa  the  flowers  jellow,  but  ia  rare  in  gardens. 

A  tree,  in  magnitude  and  iigaeous  character,  bearing  considerable  resem- 
blaoce  to  the  common  hawthorn.  In  the  South  of  France,  and  in  Spain  and 
Ilal;,  it  grows  to  the  height  of  18  or  20  feet ;  formiog  a  Tery  brancby  twiggy 
tree,  seldom  found  with  a  clear  stem,  unless  it  haa  been  pruned  up.  In  a 
wild  state,  about  Marseilles,  it  forms  a  thomv  bush  ;  but,  in  tne  ^dens  about 
Nice  and  Genoa,  it  is  a  veiy  handsome  small  tree,  much  admired  both  for 
its  flowers  sod  its  fruit.  In  tbe  South  of  Europe,  the  pom^ranate  is  culti- 
vated for  its  &uit  i  and,  ip  some  places,  as  a  hed^  plant.  It  is  also  grown  aa 
an  ornamental  tree ;  the  stem  being  trained  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  and 
die  head  .afterwards  allowed  to  spread,  and  droop  down  on  eieiy  side.  The 
ringle  wild  pomegranate  will  grow  in  almost  any  soil ;  but  tbe  doubl^flowered 
varieties,  and  the  species  when  it  is  intended  to  bear  Iruit,  require  a  rich  free 
soil.  Whether  the  object  be  flowers  or  fruit,  the  head  of  the  tree  should  he 
thinned  out,  and  so  cut  as  to  multiply,  as  much  as  possible,  short  slender 
shoots  ;  on  the  points  of  which  alone  the  flowers  are  produced.  The  pLmt 
is  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  shoots  or  of  the  roots,  by  layers,  or 
by  gtidtins  one  sort  on  another.  The  double  variety  grafted  on  the  single  is 
more  productive  of  flowers  than  when  raised  by  cuttmgs  or  layers ;  and  in 
good  rich  soil,  judiciously  supplied  with  water,  it  will  continue  producing  its 
large  scarlet  flowers  for  four  or  five  months.  When  the  plant  is  nused  Irom 
seeds,  they  ought  to  be  sown  immediately  on  being  removed  from  the  fruit; 
because  they  very  soon  lose. their  vital  powos. 

«  a.  P.  (G.)  NA>A  L.     Hie  dwarf  Pomegranate. 

UnMcaUim.    Lis.  Sp,  Sr&  I  Slmi  Bat.  Hat,  t.  814.  i  Dae.  Prod.,  S.  p.  <  i 
DoD'lMUL.).  p.SMi 

Anwiwivi.    F.  unirictu  nlu  TamnLi  P.  fiiultum  nlmiiB  Ptrt. 

EtignniigM.    Bot.  lUg.,  t.SH.;  Tm  Bhnt,  t-TI.  f.S.  i  •ndaar  j^'^lB- 

Spec.  Chat.,  ^c.     Stem  shrubby.     Leaf  linear.  (Dec.  Prad.) 
A  low  deciduous  bush  (  said  to  be  a  native  of  the  Cari- 
bee  Islands  and  of  South  America,  about  Demerara.     In- 
troduced in  1783.     Flowers  red ;  June  to  September. 
Without  doubt,  only  a  variety  of  P.  G^ranitum.  sit.   r.is.iabw. 


Order  XXIX.     TAMARICA'CE.^:. 

Obd.Char.  Cufyj!  4->-^pBrted.  Fetait  A — 5.  SiamtiuA — 5  or  8 — 10,  free 
or  mooBdelphous.  Style  short.  Stigmu  3.  Capiute  trigonal,  S-valved,  I- 
celled,  many-seeded.  Placental  3  at  base  of  cell,  or  along  the  middle  of  the 
valves.  Seedi  comose  at  spei.  ABnauen  none.  Near  Frankeniiuvz  in 
Thalamifldrs. 

Leaeei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-eveivreen ;  Hnear- 
lanceolate.  P/ouwi  small. —  Shrubs,  Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa ; 
of  easy  culture  in  light  sandy  soil.  The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  two, 
which  are  thus  contradistii^;uished :  — 


458  ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM* 

Ta'marix.     Stamens  4 — 5.    Hairs  od  the  seeds  simple. 
Myrica^bia.     Stamens  10.    Hairs  on  the  seeds  featneiy. 


Genus  L 


TA^MARIX  Detv.    The  Tamarisk.    Lin.  Sytt,  Pentdndria  Trig^ia. 

Ideni^lcaUtm.    Defr.  Aon.  Sc.  Nat.,  A.  p.  848. ;  Dec  Prod-  8.  p.  d5.  {  Don*i  MIIU  a.  p.  Tift. 

SjfitomifmeM.  The  ipedee  of  TVauoIx  of  authors  that  hare  4  itameiu  and  5  ttamenf ;  Tamarli,  Fr, ; 
Tamaritken,  Qer, ;  Tamaiioe,  Ital. 

Derivation,  So  called,  according  to  lome,  from  the  plants  growing  on  the  banks  of  the  river  TmHUh- 
ra$,  now  Tambra,  on  the  boraeri  of  the  Pvrenees ;  or,  arooriUng  to  others.  Arena  the  Hebrew 
word  tamarit^  cleimsing,  on  account  of  their  oranches  being  used  for  brooms. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  4— 6-parted.  Petak  4— d.  Stamem  4— 5,  alternating  with 
the  petals,  almost  free.  Ovarium  tapering  to  the  apex.  Stignuu  3,  Ions, 
divaricate,  glandular,  and  oblique  at  tne  apex.  Seeds  erect,  inserted  nearly 
at  the  base  of  the  valves ;  tufted  ;  tuft  composed  of  numerous  ample  hairs 
arising  from  the  apex.  (I><m*s  MUL) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub^evergreen ;  linear, 
stem-clasping,  very  small;  adult  ones  diaphanous  at  the  apex.  Flowers 
in  spikes,  and  usually  disposed  in  panicles,  small,  red,  seldom  white. 

Tall  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe,  the  North  of  Africa,  and  the  West  of  Asia  ; 
sub-evergreen  in  British  gardens ;  and  highly  valuable,  as  standing  the  sea 
breeze  in  situations  where  few  other  ligneous  plants,  and  no  other  flowering 
shrubs,  will  grow.  The  whole  plant  is  very  bitter,  and  the  young  shoots  were 
formerly  employed  as  a  tonic,  and  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  brewing  beer. 

A  SI  I.  T,  qa^llica  L.    The  French  Tamarisk. 

IdeniifleaUom,  Un.  Sp.,  988. ;  MOl.  Ic ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  96.  i  Don's  MIU.,  S.  p.  7S6. 

S^mm^met.    T.  narbontosls  Lob.  Ic.  %  t.  SIS. ;   T^unarlscus  gilUcus  Jli. ;   l^mariscut  pantindnu 

Lam.  Ft  ^..  not  of  Pall. ;  Mlrlce,  Ital. 
Emgravingt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  toI.  ili.  t.  89. ;  and  oar  Jig.  819. 

Spec,  Char,f  S^c,  Glabrous,  glaucous.  Leaves  minute,  clasping  the 
stem  or  branch,  adpressed,  acute.  Spikes  of  flowers  lateral, 
somewhat  panicled,  slender,  5  times  longer  than  broad.  (jDec, 
Prod»)  A  sub-eversreen  shrub,  frequent  in  sandy  places  in 
the  middle  and  South  of  Europe,  and  in  the  South  of  England. 
Height  5h.  to  10  ft.,  sometimes  twice  that  height.  Flowers 
pinlush  ;  May  to  October. 

Varieties,     In  the  Xtmitfa,  2.  p.  267.,  6  varieties  are  described,  for  ^,,  "^T^nt^ 
which  we  refer  to  our  first  edition,  as  the  plants  are  not  in  cul- 
tivation in  Britain,  and  indeed  appear  to  us  not  worth  keeping  distinct. 

T,  g&llica  prefers  a  deep,  free,  sandy  soil ;  and  will  only  attain  a  larce  size 
when  it  is  in  such  a  soil,  and  supplied  with  moisture  from  the  proximity  of  some 
river,  or  other  source  of  water.  It  is  valuable  as  thriving  on  the  sea  shore,  where 
few  other  shrubs  will  grow ;  as  being  sub-evergreen ;  and  as  flowering  late  in 
the  season,  and  for  several  months  together.  £  is  readily  propagated  by  cut- 
tings, planted  in  autumn,  in  a  san<^  soil,  with  a  northern  exposure.  In 
frivourable  situations  in  France  and  the  South  of  Europe,  it  grows  to  the 
height  of  15  or  20  feet ;  and  there  are  instances,  both  in  Britain  and  on  the 
Continent,  of  its  growing  as  high  as  30  ft.,  and  this,  we  suppose,  has  given  rise 
to  the  alleged  vanety,  7:  g.  arbdrea.  In  the  South  of  Russia,  and  in  Tartary, 
the  species  assumes  a  ereat  variety  of  forms  according  to  the  soil  and  situa- 
tion ;  the  tops  of  the  dwarf  plants  are  there  eaten  by  sheep,  and  the  stems  of 
the  larger  ones  used  as  handles  for  whips. 


XXIX.    TAHARICaVeS.         XXX.  i>HILADELFIIA*CE£.       459 


□ 


Gnt.  dor,  Cb^f  S-parted.  Petaii  5.  Stamau  10,  alternate  onea  shoner 
tlian  the  rest ;  Glameots  monadelphous  from  tlie  ba«e  to  about  the  middle. 
SUgmat  3,  ieuile,  id  a  head-  Seedt  inserted  in  a  line  along  the  middle  of 
the  mlveE,  tufted  at  one  end ;  hnin  of  tuft  fefttbery.  (Don'i  MUi.') 

Leavei  dmple,  alternate,  exEtipulote,  evergreen ;  linear  or  oblons,  be- 
eomtng  gradiuUv  broader  towards  the  base,  seasile.  FiovMrri  in  ample, 
solitary,  tenninal  spikes. 

Sub-evergreen  shrubs,  not  growing  to  half  the  height  of  T^manx  gillica, 
and  readily  distinguished  from  it  bj  tbdr  longer  and  tnicker  leaves,  placed  at 
a  sreater  distance  from  one  another  on  the  stem ;  and  bv  thdr  lar^  flowers, 
which  hare  10  stanteoa.    Propagation  sod  culture  as  in  we  preceding  genus. 

m  1.  H.  obiuia'hica  Dav.    The  Oennaa  HjTicaria,  or  Gernum  Tamaruk, 

-  -      .Aiui.Se.Nu,4ji.t4t.iI>«c.FTO<L,S.p.W.iDoD'iHIU..l.p.nr. 

Jjruonyw-   ITuAulE  nfmAnla  Lim.  Bp^  tS6.  i    T^nuHkcua  dedBdnu 

-      Lam.  Fl.  Fv-\  nmvu  decindn  Maiuki  ItoiirtKm  genBiolcw  Lo^* 

/c  L  I.  lis.  I  Tunmrli  d'AUaount,  Ft. :  btauebm  TtmiriUwi.  Otr,  i 

• ' —    "ui71e.,i.  » 


OQiA.MO. 

Spec.  Chto-.,  fc.  Fruticutose,  glabrous.  Leaves  lineerJanceo- 
Inte,  sessile.    Spikes  of  Bowers  tenninal,  solitai^.    Bnic- 
tcas  longer  than  the  pedicels.    Capsules  ascendmg.  {Dec. 
Prod.)  AoeveigreenBbrub,wtthuprightBlenderbr«nchea. 
Europe,  in  inandated  sandy  places,  sod 
the  barJu  of  rirera  t  and  in  Asia,  on 
Caucasus,  and  the  HimalByBS.     Height 
6  ft.  to   a  ft.      Introduced  in    IMS. 
Flowers  pinkish  ;  June  to  September. 

file  Dahurian  Myricaria. 

D<ia'iKai.,t.f.m. 

vStg.  oivJI^^lmttfecliBmlB  Dr.  liaUtfi  barbuioin. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shrubby,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear,  al- 
most oblong,  sessile,  slightly  spreading.  Spikes  of  flow- 
era  lateral,  ovate-cyliudrical,  ihick,  blunt,  with  scales  at 
the  base.  Bracteasextcndincasbr  as  the  flowers.  (i>ff. 
Prod.)  Siberia,  beyond  the  Beikal :  and  in  Dahuria.  In- 
troduced in  1816,  and  closely  resembling  the  preceding  ii"ju,i-_. 


Order  XXX.    PHILADELPHA^CE^. 

Orb.  Cbar.  Calffr  tube  turbinate,  limb  4~I0.parted.  P/rlali  4 — 10, 
Kstivation  convolutely  imbricate.  Slameni  numerous.  Slylei  distinct  or 
combined.   St^j^ntot  numerous.  C^ipnt^  half  inferior,  ICkcelled,  many-seeded. 


460  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUBi. 

Seeds  subulate,  heaped  at  the  angles  of  the  cells ;  each  fiunished  with  a  loose 
membranous  aril.  Albumen  fleuiy.  Differs  from  il^^rt^cese  in  the  arillate 
albuminous  seed,  and  in  the  toothed  dotless  leaves.  (Don*t  Jli/GU.) 

Leavet  nmple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  toothed,  serrated,  or 
sometimes  entve.  riowert  large,  white,  showy. — Shrubs,  natives  of  £urope, 
Asia,  and  America.  Three  genera  are  hardy  in  British  gardens,  which  arc 
thus  contradistinguished : — 

Philadb'lphus.    Calyx  4— 5-parted.    Petals  4f— 5.  Stamens  20 — 10.  Styles 

4—5.     Capsule  4-— 5-celled. 
DeuVzli.     Calyx  5— 6 -deft.    Petals  5—6.     Stamens  10 — 12.    Filaments 

tricuspidate.     Styles  3—4.     Capsule  3— 4-celled. 
Dbcuma'ria.    Calyx  7— 10-toothed.    Petals  7^10.  Stamens  21—30.  Style 

1.    Capsule  7— lO^^iled. 


Genus  I. 


UjLkjLl 


PHILADE'LPHUS  L.    The  Philudblphus,  or  Mock  Orange, 

Lin.  Stfti.  Icosdndria  Monog/nia. 

IdemliflcaHom.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  614. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  SOS. ;  Don'f  MOl.,  2.  p.  807. 

Smtonvma.     S^rlt^a  Tourn.  Init.  t  889.,  not  of  Un. ;  Fblladelphui,  F^. ;  Pfeifcnitnoch  (Pipo 

Shrub).  Get.  $  Fiiadelpho,  Ital. ;  Pipe  Priret,  Oerardi  the  Syringa  of  the  gvdeni. 
HerHmtkm.    PhUadftlphiu  ii  a  name  uaed  by  Athencui  for  a  tree  which  cannot  now  be  identified  : 

Baahln  appUed  it  to  thitoenut.    Instead  of  the  common  tririal  name  Syringa,  applied  to  this 

genuf  in  ^irdena,  ai  Iti  EngUth  name,  we  hare  lubatituted  its  generic  name,  Philadelphus  i 

Seringa  bSng  the  generic  name  of  the  lilac 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  tube  obovate,  turbinate  ;  limb  4— 5-parted.  Peialt  4 — 5. 
Stamens  20 — $0,  free,  shorter  than  the  petak.  Styles  4^—5,  sometimes 
connected,  and  sometimes  more  or  less  distinct,  t^mas  4—5,  oblong  or 
linear,  usually  disUnct,  rarely  joined.  Capsule  4— 5-celled,  many-seeded. 
Seeds  scobiform,  enclosed  in  a  membranous  arillus,  which  is  fringed  at  one 
end.  (Don's  MU,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  oval,  acuminate,  serrated 
or  entire.  Flowers  white,  usiudlv  sweet-scented,  disposed  in  corymbose 
cymes,  or  somewhat  panicled  on  the  extremities  of  the  lateral  shoots,  rarely 
axillary  and  bracteate. 

Deciduous  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia ;  culti- 
vated for  their  very  showy  white  flowers;  most  of  which  have  a  strong  scent, 
resembling,  at  a  distance,  that  of  orange  flowers,  but,  when  near,  disagreeably 
powerful.  The  species  are  in  a  state  of  utter  confusion  :  there  are  probably 
only  three :  one  a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe,  or  possibly  of  some  other 
country ;  one  of  North  America ;  and  one,  P.  tomentosus,  of  Nepal.  All 
the  kinds  are  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  tolerably  dry  soil ;  and  they  are  all 
propagated  by  layers,  or  by  suckers  or  cuttings. 

$  i.  Stems  stiff  and  straight.     Fhwers  in  Racejnes. 
«  1.  P.  coRONA^ius  L.    The  garland  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange. 

Idewmicatkm,    Lin.  Sp.,  671. ;  Schrad.  Diss. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.p.  906i ;  Don*s  Mill.,  S.  p.  807. 
SyntmymeM,    Syrlmga  suariolens  Jfondk  Meik.  678. ;  W<rfilriechender,  Pfdfenstrmuch,  Ger, ;  Fior 

angiolo,  Jtak 
Engranngs.    Bot  Mag.,  t  891. ;  Schkuhr  Handb.,  t.l21. ;  Lam.  IlL,  t4S0. ;  and  our/g.  892. 

Sjpec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serratdy  denticulate,  3-nervcd, 
rather  glabrous,  but  hairy  upon  the  veins  beneath ;  inflorescence  racemose. 
Flowers  sweet-scented.    Lobes  of  the  calyx  acuminate.     Styles  distinct 


XXX.   PHILADELPHACEA:    i^lLAOE'LPHUS.  461 

almoM  from  die  base,  not  exceediiw  the  itoineii* 

in  height.  (Dec,  Prod.^     A  dense  &tigiate  buah. 

Nuive  country  UDcertain;  according  to  Bome,  the 

Houlh  of  Europe,  but  not  comDiOD  there.     HeiEht 

1i>ft.lol8rt.   Introduced  in  1596.   Flowerswhite, 

■weet^cented ;     May  and  June.      Fruit   brown ;  K 

ripe  in   Septetnber.     Decaying  leaves  yellowish  9 

green. 
Varietkt.      Tim  speciea  JtriM  in  baring  its  leave* 

soineiiines  otifeedy  glabrous  beneath,  and  some- 
times riightly  pubescent  along  the  Derrea;  and,  be-  m.  r.,,nwM,t.    ' 

ddea,  BS  follows :  — 
•  P.  c.  1  vulgariM  5chkuhr  Handb.  t.  ISl.,  Lam.  111.  t.  ISO.,  Dec  Prod, 
iii.  p.  205. — A  shrvb  of  about  the  height  of  s  man.  Leaves  ovate- 
oblong,  large,  and  rather  distant 
ji  P.  c.  8  naniu  Mill.  IKct.  2. — A  shrub,  8  ft.  high  ;  its  branches  and 
leaves  crowded,  and  its  flower4>earing  branches  incurved.  It  very 
seldom  flowers. 

■  P.  c.  igdreplino  Lodd.  Cat.  is  a  dwarf  plant,  like  the  above,  but  with 

double  Rowers. 

■  P.  c.  1  eariegalui  Lodd.  Cat.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with  white  or 

yellow,  and  is  one  of  the  few  varieties  of  deciduous  shrubs  which 
preserve,  through  the  summer,  a  tolerably  healthy  appearance  with 
thdr  variegation. 
The  shoots  are  clothed  with  a  white  bark,  and  interiorly  they  have  a  very 
large  ]nth.    The  leaves  are  rough,  and  of  a  deep  green  above,  though  they  are 
pale  beneath.     The  flowers  come  out  &om  the  sidnond  ends  of  the  branches, 
in  loose  bunches,  before  any  of  the  other  species  of  the  genus,     llie  flowers 
smell  like  those  of  the  orange,  and  the  leaves  taste  like  the  fruit  of  the  cucum- 
ber.    It  will  grow  in  almost  any  situation,  whether  open  or  ihady  ;  and  it  is 
easily  propag^ed  by  division  of  the  root,  and  by  suckers,  layers,  or  cuttings. 
•  S.  P.  (c.)  IHODO^mus  L.  The  scentleis^^ouwmt  PhiladelphuB.orilfoci  Oraap. 
ItmlOaillim.    I.lD.S))..SII.i  PnnhBipul.pLtS.;  Dfc.Prod.,*. 
aSm^fwa.    4^a  iDodtn  Umeki  P.  Uiiu  In  Tirkoi  EsilUli 
ZiMitaff.    CUnb.  Cti.,  X  t.  84. ;  BoC.  tUf.,  t.  UTS, )  asd  oar 

^e.  (^ar^  4c.  Leaves  broed-orate,  acuminate,  per-  , 
fectly  entire,  3- nerved,  usually  fearer-nerved. 
Flowers  singly,  or  in  threes.  Snle,  at  the  very 
tip,  divided  into  4  oblong  stigmas.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
luge  rambling  shrub.  Apparently  of  gBrden 
oriein,  or  possibly  from  North  America.  Hdght 
5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Cultivated  in  1738.  Flowers  large, 
wfaite,scent[essi  Juneand July,  Pruit brown ;  npe 
in  September. 

Not  altogether  so  hardy  as  P.  coro-        •"-  ^  M  i«ii™. 
nirius  i  though  it  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  that  species. 

.  P.  (c.)  Zbt'heu  Schrad.     Zeyher-s  Phihidelphus,  or 
Mod  Onmge. 
--  -     -       -     ■     -  p.ioa)Doii'i  HlU..  «■ 


^Kc  Char.,  ^.     Not  so  tall  as  P.  c.  vulgiris.     Leaves  ovate, 

acuminate,   serrately  denticulate,  rounded  at  the   base,  3- 

.)  icABi'     nerved,  hairy  upon  the  veins  beneath.     Inflorescence  some- 


4*2  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUH. 

what  racemose.  Flowers  (ever  and  larger  than  in  P.  e.  Tul^ria,  and  scent- 
less. Lobes  of  the  colpi  long,  acuminate.  Style  deeply  A-ciett.  It  differs 
from  P.  c.  vul^ris,  chiefly  in  its  leaves  being  rounded  at  the  base,  and 
In  its  flowers  being  fever,  larger,  and  scentleaa.  {Oec.  Pnd.)  North  Ame- 
rica.   Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

m.  i.  P.  TBRitt;co'sua  Scirad,     The  waited  Philadelphus,  or  Moc/c  Orange, 

dmgraoiaKM.  BoL  R<w.,  L  »T0.  |  Hid  our.*.  SI*. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leave«  elliptic-ovate, 
HCLUninate,  denticulate, pubescent  with  > 
hairs  bcDeath,  and  bearing  beneath, 
upoTk  the  midrib  and  primary  veins, 
warts  at  the  base  of  the  hairs.  Similar 
warts  are,  also,  on  the  peduncles, 
pedicels,  end  calyxes.  Inoorescccco 
racemose.  Lobes  ot  the  calyr  acumi- 
nate. Style,  at  the  very  tip,  4-cleft. 
(J>c.  Prod.)  Alar^rigorous4row- 
ing  somewhat  fiistigiate  uinib.  North 
America,  or  poiaibly  a  garden  pro- 
duction. Hraght  8  ft.  to  10  It  Culti- 
vated in  1800,  or  before.  Flowers 
white  1  Hay  and  June.    Fnut  brown; 

ripe  in  September.  ,„.  ,.  „ ,^ 

e  thickneas  ot  those  of  P.  coronarius,  and  bavine  a 
habit.  When  in  flower,  this  sort  and  the  two  fol- 
lowing make  a  splendid  appearance ;  the  plants,  in  fine  seasons,  being  so 
entirdj  covered  with  bloom  as  scarcely  to  show  the  leaves. 

a  5.  P.  (v.)  LATiro'Liu)  StArad.     Tbe  broad-ieaved  Philaddphus,  or  Mode 

Orange. 
lUmiehaUtm.     Bchnd.  DiH.  mitid.  i  Dec.  Prod.,  9.  p.  m.  i  Don-i  Hill..  9.  p.  Mff. 
4rww».     P.  pnMKou  Cefe.  Jinn.,  LoU. 
itafnnFAw.    LoU.  Utd).  AnuL,  L  MS.  1  ud 

^lec.    Char.,    ^c.      Bark    whitisb. 

Leaves    broad.ovate,    acuminate, 

toothed,    nerved    with    about    A 

nerves,  and  pubescent  with  hairs 

beneath.      Flowers    in    racemes. 

Lobes   of   the   calyx    acuminate. 

Style  4-cle(l  at  theverytip.  (Dee 

Prod)    A  large  nmbling  snrub, 

but  still  somewhat  fastigiatc^  and 

crowded  with  branches.     North 

America,  or  probably  «  garden  pro- 
duction.   Heisfat  loft.  Cultivated 

inl8I5,orberore.  Flowerswhite; 

MayandJuue.   Fruitbrownj  ripei 

in  September,  ' 

Distinguishable  by  its  bark  being   ' 
whitish  ;  and  by  its  leaves,  especially 
those  of  the  younger  branches,  bdng 

more    broadly   ovate;    and  by  the  „5   p  (oiuuNi™. 

hura  they  bror  not  being  bued  by 
warts.     A  tolerably  distinct  variety,  splendid  when  in  flower. 


XXX.    PHILADELPHA  CE£  :    PHILADE'lpHUS. 

■  6.  P.  (t.)  floribu'ndub  Sekrad.     The  abunJant-Aowered  F 

or  Moek  Orange. 
UtiugiciMait.     Sdind.  niu.  FlilM.i  Dn.  Fiod..  l.p.Mt.| 

Qon-iHUI.,  ftp.MT. 
EvrmmtrnMi.     SchTwL  DLu.  PfaLlBd..  Ic.  \  hhI  oor  Jlf '  B97.  froa 


n  In  DeCudollt'i 
5^r.  CAor.,  ^-r.  Leaves  ovate-OTal,  and  with  b 
long  sciUDinate  tip,  serrately  toothed,  S-nerred, 
pubetceDt  with  baira  beneath.  Inflorescence 
subraceinose.  Flowers  5 — 7,  ahowj,  gligbtlv 
scented.  Lobes  of  the  cal^  long  and  acumi- 
nate. Style  4-cleftBt  the  »ery  tip.  {Dec.  Prod."} 
A  shrub  lue  the  preceding.  Of  uncertain  origin, 
Cultinted  in  1815  or  before. 

•  7.  P.  sPECio'sus  Schrad.     The  Aowy^Jlow- 
ered  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Oratigc. 

UttUHhaUim.    Sd»d.  In  Dec  PtiA, 
S.  p.  we. ;  Duo'i  Wll.    •    -  -"  - 


I   P.  snndinenu 


'^^ 


Schnd.  DIh.  PhUid.,  I 


»i.  Spee.  Char.,  4'c.      Leaves  ovate,  rarel;  oTBl-orate,  long 

C^      acuminated,  sharplv  serrate,  toothed,  clothed  with  haiiy 

wl      pubescence  beneath.     Flowers   solitary  or   b;  threes. 

\       Style  deeplj  i-cleft,  exceeding  the  stamens.     Lobes  of 

A      calyx  with   very   long   acumens,    tube  nearly   terete. 

n       (^Don't  Miil.^     A  vigorous-growing  shrub,  with  ascend- 

W       ing  branches  gently  bendii^  at  theb  extremities,  and 

loaded  with  snow-white  flowers  of  the  largest  size 

IIS.  r.^tima',  and  scenlless.  Origin  uncertdn.    Height  10  ft.  to  lift. 

Cultivated  in  1815  or  before.    Flowers  white  ;  June. 


■  8.  P.  QoTtDomA''ni!S  Lindl.     Gordon's  Philadelphtu  or  Mod  Orange. 

HtmeUalim.    UndLlnSM.  R«,  ISK.Ko.n 
imtmni^.    But.  Rtg;  isn,  t  n.  I  ud  oar  A-  •»■ 
^xe.  Char.,  ^c.      Branches  pendulou«,  scaly,  the  young 
shoots  pubescent.      Leaves  ovate,  acute,  coarsely  deo. 


tate,  hairy  beneath.  Hacemes  terminal,  compact,  5 
flowered.  Ovary  half  superior.  Style  4-cleft.  Cslyispr 
ingfromthefruit.  (Linu.)  A  hardy  vigorous-growing  shrub. 


having  a  weeping  appearance  in  consequence  of  producing 
numerous  slender  side  shoots.  America,  on  the  north- 
west coast,  on  the  Columbia  River,  in  woods.  UeightSft. 
to  10ft.  Litroduced m  18S3.  Flawerswhite,gcentless,Tcry 

bury;  end  of  July.   Fhiit  large,  smooth  ;  ripe  in  October.    — 

The  leaves  are  bright  green,  rather  small,  ovate,  pointed,  S-nerved  at  the 
base,  and  coarsely  serrated.  The  flowers  are  large,  pure  white,  and  produced 
in  great  profusion.  The  species  is  readily  known  by  Its  deeply  serrated 
leaves,  its  nearly  superior  miit,  ils  broad  spreading  calyx,  and  the  compact 
manner  in  which  its  flowers  are  arranged.  It  is  the  latest  in  flowcrine  of  all 
the  spedes,  and  one  of  the  most  showy.  It  was  not  at  all  injured  by  the 
severe  winter  of  1837-fi,  It  grows  in  any  common  coil,  and  is  readQy  in- 
creased from  seeds,  or  by  cuttings  of  the  halfripened  shoots  in  August.  It 
was  named  in  compliment  to  Mr.  Robert  Oordon,  foreman  of  the  arboretum, 
in  the  Hort.  8oc.  Oardcn,  who  has  paid  great  attention  to  this  gemi*. 


464 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


$  ii.    Stems  more  slender^  rambling^  twiggy^  and  loose,     Flawe)s 

solitary^  or  2  or  S  together* 

A  9.  P.  la'zus  Schrad,    The  loose-growing  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange, 

Jdent^aiion,    Schnul.  DiM.  Philad. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S.  p.  S06. ;  Don*i  Mill.,  1  p.  807. 
Svmmifmet.    P.  htunilis  HortuL  ;  P.  mib^toeiu  LoM.  CaL  edit.  18S6. 

Engravingi.     Schnid.  Diie.  Fhllad.,  Ic. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1839,  t.  981 ;  and  our  Jig  890.  flrom  a  plant  In 
the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 


f.*^ 


890.    P.  I4\1M. 


Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oval-oyate  and  with  a 
long  acuminate  tip,  toothed,  pubescent  with 
hairs  beneath.  Flowers  solitary,  8  or  3  together. 
Lobes  of  the  calyx  very  long,  acuminate.  Style 
4-clcft.  Stigmas  about  level  with  the  stamens. 
(Dec,  Prod,)  A  low  straggling  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.,  but  covering 
double  that  space  upon  the  ground  with  its  long 
slender  deep  brown  shoots.  Litroduced  about 
1830.  Flowers  white,  most  commonly  solitary 
and  almost  scentless. 

The  leaves  are  smaller  than. is  usual  in  the  genus, 
very  sharp-pointed,  with  the  toothing  unusually 
sharp  ;  the  uppermost  leaves  become  gradually 
narrow,  till  those  immediately  below  the  flowers 
are  not  unfrequentlv  linear  and  entire.  As  this 
species  leafs  early,  the  young  shoots  are  apt  to  be 
killed  by  frost,  and  when  this  takes  place  no  flowers  are  produced  that  season, 
as  it  is  from  the  ends  of  the  lateral  shoots  that  blossoms  always  appear  in  this 
genus.    (Bot,  Reg,) 

m  10,  P.  (l.)  orandiflo^rus  WUld,     The  large-flowered  Philadelphus, 

or  Mock  Orange, 

Ident^floaUtm,    Willd.  Bnum.,  I.  p.  611. ;  Schrad.  DIm.  FhOad. ;  Dec  Prod.,  8.  p.  a06. 

Svmmynui.    P.  inoddrua  HortuL  \  P.  Itaui  LoM,  Cat,  edit  I88S. 

Ettgravirngt.    Gulmp.  Abb.  HoU.,  t.  44.  s  Schrad.  DiM.  Fhilad.,  ic. ;  and  our  flg.  891. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Epidermis  of  the  branches  of 
a  reddish  brown  colour.  Leaves  ovate,  with  a 
long  acuminate  tip,  denticulate,  3-nerved,  hairy 
upon  the  veins,  and  with  groups  of  hairs  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins.  Flowers  about  3  together,  or 
solitary ;  scentless.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  long, 
acuminate.  Styles  concrete  into  one,  which  ex- 
tends beyond  the  stamens.  Stigmas  4,  linear. 
(Dec,  P^^)  A  vigoroua-growing  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  10ft,  to  1$^  ft.  Introduced  in 
1811.    Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 

We  have  given  this  description  and  figure  from 
Schrader  and  Guimpel,  because  in  1837  there  was  a 
plant  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Oarden  which  answered  to        •'**  '*'^*^' 
It,  and  which  difiers  from  P,  speci6sus  in  the  leaves  being  nearly  entire. 

m  \\,  P,  HiRSU^us  NuU,    The  \mry4eaved  Philadelphus,  or  Mock  Orange. 

Jdentifieaium,    NuU.  Gen.  Am.,  1.  p.  901. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  9C6. ;  Don't  MUU  9.  p.  808. 
^mom^mei.    P.  ▼lUdius  Lodd.  Cat, ;  P.  gridW*  Lodd.  Cat. 
Mmgrwing*'    Wats.  Dend.  RriL,  t.  47. ;  and  oar/lgg.  899,  833. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  acute,  dentate,  5-nerved,  hairy  on  both 
surfiEuses,  whitish  on  the  under  one.  Flowers  singly,  or  by  threes.  Styles 
concrete  to  the  tip.  Stigmas  undivided.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  straggling  sar- 
mentose  shrub.    America,  in  Tennessee.   Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.,  but  sprrading 


XXX.   PHILADELPHA^CE^  :    DEUYzf^. 


Flowers  white,  scentless ;  middle  ot 

Very  hard]',  uniiijured  by  the 
winter  of  1S37-^,  and  linking 
readily  from  half-ripened  cut* 
tings  [Wanted  in  landr  loam  in 
sbady  situations  and  covered 
with  a  hand-glass.  Grafted 
standard  high,  it  would  form  a 
very  oraamennl  otject. 


LaM.Cal.eiil.  IBMi  tP.O 
,  t. «.  II.  i  our  jV' JM--^™ 


KDjUi  Bdjli.  (H.  Ilm  a  tpsdawolB 


colated,    tomentose    be- 
neath.  BacemM  lerminaL  . 

Pedicels  opposite.    Lobes  ^ 

of    calyx    ovate,    acute. 

(Don't  MilL)  A  rambling 

dinib,  Nepsl  and  Kamaon. 

Heisht  5  ft  to  6  ft.     Ii>. 

trodncedin  1B28.    Flow-  „.  ,.™_««,t 

ers  white;  July. 

P.  trifldnu,  Boyle  obserres,  is,  probably,  only  P.  tomentosus  in  a  less 
adranced  state.  According  to  Hr.  Gordon,  F,  tnfldnis  is  very  distinct  from 
P.  toinentthaQa,  and  quite  hardy. 

P.  meiicdmu  Schlecht.  in  Liansa  13.  418.,  PlanL  Hart.  61.,  and  Bot  Reg. 
Chron,  1640,  No.  TO.,  was  raised  from  seeds  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden  b  1840,  and  it  probably  hardy. 


Q 


OElTTZ/jf  Thunb.    Tbi  Dbctsm.    £m.  ^l.  Decindria  Trig^iua. 

UtmUfiiMUtm.    naBb.  Mot,  Geo,  ]&  1  Ju.  p.  to.,  Inw  Gn..  W.  t  Don'i  MnUS-F-SM 
^miimma.    nXUMtfimt  In  put,  LdptoMraim  In  put. 
StrlHtlm.    VHB>diiib0KarofA4aDM>,(DulcfaiiMi 


Qen.  Char.  Cafyi  tube  campanutate,  tomentose ;  limb  5 — 6-cleft.  Pelali 
5 — 6,  oblong.  Slemeni  la  FUamentt  tricuspidaie.  Sfyki  3 — 4,  longer 
than  the  corolla.  iSt^o  simple,  club-shaped.  Captuk  globular,  truncate^ 
perforated,  somewhat  3-comered,  scabrous  ;  S-^i-vsilved,  3^ — 4.ceUed. 
Seed*  serervl  in  each  cell.  {Don'i  Sfiil.) 

Leavet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulste,  deciduona  i  petiolale,  ovate,  acumi- 
nated, serrated,  wrinkled,  and  vdued ;  scabrous  from  stellate  fescicles  of 
down.  FhtBtn  white,  in  compound  parucles;  peduncles  and  pedicels 
tomentose  and  scabrous.  —  Much-branched  shrubs,  with  Ibe  tuYUcbes 
purplish  and  villous ;  natives  of  Asia  ;  of  the  same  culture  as  Philadilphu*. 


<166  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANKICUM. 

■  1.  D.  SCALER*.     The  scabrous  DeuUia. 

UmtgaiUim.  EJn.  9;!'"  P-  **^- 1  Thunb.  Jip.,  L  lU.  i  Dw'i  NUI..1. 

S^tTatiiv    Tbunb.  lip-,  t.  M.  I  Bet.  Beg.,  t.  ITI9.  ;udo(uj1f.  BK 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate,  acuminated,  serrated, 

Bcabruus  from  stellate  down.   Flowere  in  compound 

[laniclea ;  peduncles  and  pediceU  scabrous.  Cdycine 
Dbes  short  and  bluntist.  {lion'i  MUL)  A  sar. 
mentose,  show]',  free-flow  erina  shrub.  Japan. 
Hei^t  4ft.  to6fl.  Introduce<rin  1822.  Flowers 
white;  May  and  June-  Fruit  brown;  ripe  in  Sep- 
tember. Decaying  leaves  yellowiAb  brown.  Naked 
young  wood  purphsh  brown, 

M  S.  D.  (..)  e 


A«T»Awf.    BoTl«IUiirt.,t.M,  D|.l.<  uilourJK.Jn'. 

^tee.  Char.,  S/c.     Ulabroui.    Leaves  ovate,  acuminated,  mmw-iita. 

cuspidately  serrated.    Panicles  corymbose,  tricboto- 

mouB.  Panicle  and  outside  of  calyx  dotted.  Teeth  of 
criyx  short  and  rounded.  Teeth  of  filaments,  shorter 
than  the  anthers.  {Don't  Miil.)  A  sannentose  shrub. 
Nepal,  on  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd.  io 
1630.  Flowers  white,  sweet>scented,  produced  in 
abundance ;  May  and  June.  Fruit  ?.  Decaying  leaves 
jellowish  brown.    Naked  wood  brown. 

D.  ttan^rua  R,  Br.,  PUbdflphus  stamfneus  WaU.. 
^  has  eotire,  scabrous,  lanceolate  leuves,  and  white  sweet- 
scented  flowers.    A  native  of  Nepal,  on  high  mountains ; 
but  not  yet  introduced. 
»n.  !>.(,.)  mniii^-  ■^'  ^""'°^   Wali.,  Leptosp^mum   scabnim   WalL^ 

has  orate  leaves,  and  axillary  white  flowers.  It  is  a 
native  of  Kamoon,  but  has  not  yet  been  introduced.  All  these  are  pro* 
bably  only  varietiea  of  one  fonn. 

Genus  III. 


QS 


DECUMA^RIA  L.     Tbb  Dbcuharu.     X*n.  Sytt.  Dodecindria 
Monog^nla. 


SniHwm,     ToigfOiia  WdL,  oM  at  Vahl. 

oerivattom^  From  aecuma,  a  teolh  i  In  nferenee  to  tlio  prtTAlUDt  aunihar.  In  lomo  of  the  p*i1* 
of  fmctlSndan,  Mof  too.  In  DoCindoUii'l  dncripLlon  of  the  fenm.  It  l>  ItUed  IhU  the  leMk 
APdiHrTet  ofthBCkl/T,  tba  petAli.  Che  Hltmu,  ud  th«  celli  of  the  capeiile.  w  oich  luuillj  Ebi. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  tube  campanulate ;  limb  T — lO-toothed.  Felah  oblong. 
'    equa]  in  number  to  the  teeth  of  the  calyx,  and  alternating  with  them.     Sta- 

ment  thrice  the  number  of  the  petals,  disposed  in  one  series.      Sii/le  1. 

Capiule  ovoid,  connate  with  the  calyx.  Seed*  numerous,  oblong.  {Don't  ATdL) 
Leave!  simple,  opposite,  cxstipulate,  deciduous  ;  glabrous,  entire  or  toothed 

at  the  apex.     Fioieert  white,  sweet-scented,  disposed  in  terminal  corymba, 

■ome^mes  difficious.    Zjeaf  hudt  beset  with  short  rufous  [nli.  —  Sarmentose 

(Aniba,  natives  of  North  America. 


XXXI.   8ITBARIA'cE£  :    nitra'ria.  467 

They  will  grow  in  any  dry  (oil,  and  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the 
half-ripened  wood. 


ThebarbarouB  Decumaria. 


Leaves  o*ate^b- 
)t  both  ends,  gla- 
or  toothed  at  the 
Buds  hairy  with  short  ru< 
foils  hairs,  (^Dec.  Prod.)  A 
sanuentoBe  ebrub  seldom  seen  in 
a  vigorouB  state  in  British  mr- 
dena.  America,  and  Lower  Ca- 
rolina, in  shady  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  S  ft. ; ' 
against  a  wall  10  ft.  to  ISA.  Introduced  in 
1785.  Flowers  white,  in  corymbose  panicles, 
sweet-scented ;  July  and  August. 
Fariefy, 

Jt  D.  b.  8»iirm«itJMDec.  Prod.iiL  p.806.i  „   „.«„. 

D.  sarmeotdsa  Bote  Act.  Soe,  Hut  Nat. 

Par. L  p.  76.  1. 13.,  Ptirth.Sept.  l.p.S28.i  Forsf  thta  sc&ndeni  WaU. 
Car.  154.  —  Lower  leaves  rounded;  upper  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late. {Dec.  Frod,')^  A  native  of  moist  shaded  places  in  Virginia  and 
Ciarohna,  where,  io  company  with  Zfzyphus  volilbills,  it  ascends  the 
tallest  cypresatiees  in  the  cedarswatnps.  Larger  in  all  its  parts  than 
tbetpecies. 
The  flowers,  are  only  produced  in  favourable  situations ;  and  the  plant 
seldom  rises  above  i|  or  5  feet,  in  the  open  air,  in  the  climate  of  London. 


Ordbb  XXXI.     NITRARIA'CE^. 

Okd.  Char,  Cab/*  fi-toothed,  inferior,' fleshy.  PefaU  5,  infleied ;  EEstivation 
valvste.  Staiieiu  15,  Artlkeri  innate.  Oparium  superior,  3-  or  more 
celled.  Stigma  tenninated  by  as  many  lines  as  there  are  cells  in  the  ova- 
rium. Fhiit  drupaceous,  l.«eeded,  opening  by  3  or  6  valves.  Albumen 
none.    Difibrs  ftom  Ficofdeie  in  Estivation  of  petals.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaoet  simple,  alternate   or   opposite,   exsti|iulate,   deciduous ;   small, 
generally  in  fiudcles.  fitncwr*  small,  greenish  white  —  Low  dirubs,  natives 

Genus  I. 


□□ 


NITRA'RIA  L.    Thb  Nitrabia.    La>.  Si/tL  Dodedindria  Honogyda. 

UrmtificmUoK.    Lin.  Om..  Vo.  SOS.  i  Idm.  ni.,  L  MS.  I   Gnts.  Vraa.,  1 . 1.  H.  i   Dec.  Prod- 1 

p.  a&i  Don't  Miu^a.  p.  iul 


G™.  Char.     The  some  as  that  of  the  order. 

simple,  alternate  or  opposite,   exstipulate,   deciduu 


468  ARBOBETUU   ET   FBUTICETUH   BBITAHmCUH. 

Seldom  riab^  more  than  3  ft.  in  height ;  and,  m  Britith  gardeiu,  thirring 
beat  ia  a  dtj  soil,  coniposed  partly  of  lime  rubbish,  which  should  be,  about 
oDce  a  year,  strewed  with  a  thm  coat  of  salt.     Propagated  b;  cuttings. 

J,  1.  N.  Scho'bsriL.     Schober's  fiitraria. 

tdml^lkaUim.    Lin,  Sp,,SH.-,  Dk.  Pnid.,S.p,  «M.|  Don'i  MIU..>.  p.  lU. 

■^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oblong,  perfectly  entire.      Dni^ 

ovate.    (Dec.  Prod.)     A  low  bushy  shrub,  varying   with 

brandies  Bpln;,  and  branchei  smooth.  Russia,  in  the  oeigh- 

bourhood  of  salt  lakes.   Height  1ft.  to  3  ft.  Introd.  in  1788. 

Flowers  white ;  May  to  Auput.  Fruit  blackish  blue  or  red, 

rather  larger  than  peas;  rarely  seeo 

in  En^ood. 

M  y.  S,  \  libinca.  N.  slbirica 
Pall.  Ft.  Ron.  t  50.  f.  «., 
and  our  M-  840.— Fruit  of  a 
blackish  blue  colour.  Siberia. 
Hon.  Soc.  Garden. 

^  N,  S.  2  c&tjnca.  N.  c&epica 
Pail.  Flora  Rou.  t.  50.  f. 
B..  BiMi  our  j^.  84) .  —  Fruit 
red.  Leaves  longer.  Youoj. 
branches  pubescent.  Fruit  larger,  and  mucb 
more  acute.    Hon.  Soc.  Garden. 

K.  Iridenidta  Deaf.,  a  native  of  Afiica,  is  described  in  our  firat  edition, 
but  is  rather  tender  in  British  gardens. 


Order  XXXII.    GROSSULA'CE.^:. 

OJID.  Char.  Calt/x  4— 5-parted.  Petait  5,  Stametu  4—5.  Aniheri  introrse. 
Ovarium  I-celled,  with  two  opposite  parietal  placenta.  Slyle  S-  3-,  or  4> 
cleft.  FraU  succulent,  crowned  bv  the  persistent  calyx,  many-seeded. 
Seetk  arillate.  Albtanen  horny,  Ditters  from  Cacttkcea  m  de6mte  stamens, 
albuminous  seed,  caln,  corolla,  and  hatut.  {G.  Don.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  lobed  or  cut,  plaited 
when  folded  in  the  bud.  Flowert  axillary,  or  terminal,  greenish,  whitish 
yellow  or  red.  —  Shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Ada,  and  North  America ;  all 
included  in  the  genus  Jliin. 


□ay 


SrBBSL.    TdbRibbs.    Lm.  5juf.  PentAndria  Monog^ia. 

amaealtm.    Ub.  Oea,Ml.i  D«e.  Pnd..  &  p.  4TT.  i  Ddd'i  M11]..X.ii,  m. 
Killer,  n-.:JahwiiilibHni,  On-,  iKjiiIibH,I>idc»;  Un  Splu,  Ilal.;  Onudli,  Sptm. 
phTilduu,  iThlclilui  bam  dluDrtnd  to  ba  lfa>  AMbb  KMa;  GrouuUrii  li^v  lb* 

Om.  Char.    Tbe  same  as  that  of  the  order. 


XXXII.   QROSSULA  CUE  :   RTBES.  469 

t/toBet  simple,  alternate,  stipulHte,  deciduous;  lobed  or  cut,  plated 
while  in  the  bud.  Ftovieri  greenish  white,  yellow,  or  red ;  verj  rarelj  uni- 
sexual. There  ia  one  bractea  at  the  base  of  each  pedicel,  which  is  cut  more 
or  leu  ;  and  two  much  scuaLer  ones,  called  bracteolee,  under  each  ovarium, 
—  Unanned  or  sniny  sfarub«  -,  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America ; 
two  of  which  (uie  common  currant  and  gooseberr;)  are  well  known  in 
British  gardeni,  for  thdr  valuable  fruits. 

Man;  of  the  sorts  here  set  down  as  spedea  are,  we  have  no  doubt,  onlj 
varieties  ;  but,  as  we  are  not  able  to  refer  these  to  tii&r  aboriginal  fonns,  we 
have  fallowed  the  usual  authorities,  and  more  especiallv  the  nomenclature 
adopted  in  the  Uorticultural  Society's  Garden.  All  the  species  of  Slbtt 
strike  root  readily  (ram  cuttings  ;  ana  grow  freely  in  any  soil  that  is  toler^ly 
dry ;  but,  as  they  are  only  ligneous  in  a  subordinate  de^ee,  and  are  but  of  a 
temporaiT  duration  under  any  circumstances,  they  require  to  be  grown  in  dug 
beds  or  Dorders,  and  are,  therefore,  more  fitted  for  scientific  collections  or 
Bower-borders,  than  for  general  shrubberies,  undue  arboretums,  or  lawns. 
The  most  showy  species  are  Sibei  Banguineum  and  aureum,  and  their  yarieties. 
S.  speci^sum  has  a  singular  tiichsia-like  appearance  when  in  blossom ;  and  R. 
multiS6rum,  though  the  flowers  are  greenish,  is  remarkably  elegant,  on  ac- 
count of  the  long  many-flowered  racemes  in  which  Uiey  are  di^KMed. 

$  i.  GrotsvlhritE  Ack.  Rich.     Gooteberriet. 


SfUM,  lUL  I  ud  GroHUl.  Sfon. 

Sect,  Char.,  4re.  Stems,  in  most  instauces,  prickly.  Leaves  plaited.  Flowers 
in  racemes  ;  1,  2,  or  3,  in  a  raceme.  Calyx  more  or  less  bell-shaped.  (Dec. 
Pnd.,  ui.  p.  478.)—  Shrubs  with  prickles;  and  with  the  leaves  and  ihut 
more  or  leas  resembling  those  of  the  common  gooseberry. 

A.  Flotaert  gretiUMk  while. 
I  1.  B.  oiviCANTHoiDBs  L.     The  Hawdion-leaved  Oooseberry. 

.    taitb  8tft^  1.  p.  isa.  1  VttltuUix  In  Hfan.  Sue.  Phfi.  Ota.,  t.  pan  1.,  nol  dT 
fynnAwK    lUo.  Soc.  Tbri.  Cm..  I.  pui  1.  L  I.  1. 1.;  DIU.  EIUl,  l  ISS,  p.  ICS.;  ind  our 

Spec.   Char.,  ^c.     In&a-aiillary   prickles  ( 
larger,   and   mostly   solitaij ;    smaller  *, 
prickles    scatterea    here    end    there. 
Leayes  glabrous,  their  lobes  dentate,  ^ 
their  petioles  villous,  and  a  little  hispid. 
-    Peduncles  shtfft,  bearing  I — S  dowera. 
Berry  riobose,  glalwaiis,  purplish  blue. 
(Dee.  Prod.)  A  prickly  shrub.  Canada, 
on  rocks.     He%ht  8ft.  to  3ft.    !□• 
troduced  in  1705.    Flowers  greenish  ; 
April.    Fruit  small,  red  and  green,  or 
purplish  blue;    ripe  in  August;   and 


This  shrub  varies  much  in  the  number 
and  colour  of  its  prickles,  and  its  more 
or   less    dense   ramification   and   pubes- 
cence.    The  finit  resembles  that  of  the  '"■  K-'vcmOiHim. 
common  gooseberry.     It  is  not  common  in  British   gardens,  the  B.  oxye- 
canthoides  of  Hichaus  (B.  laclistre  Pair.)  being  different  from  it.     Perhaps- 
it  is  only  one  of  the  wild  states  of  the  common  gooseberry ;  which  varies  so 
veiT  much  when  in  a  state  of  culture,  that  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  it 
will  yary  much  alao  in  a  wild  state. 


470  ARBORETUH    ET   FRUTICETUM    BIIITANNICUM. 

«  8.  R.  SBTo'suN  Lindl.    Tlie  brixtl;  Oooaeberry. 

JUnWcaMiiL    Llndl.  Bot.  Beg. ;  Hook.  FI.  Amer,  I.  p,  DO.  i 

»V™'iV<-  'Lindl,  Bst.  Has.,  I.  imT.  t  and  oar  A.  MI. 

^ee.  Char.,Ssc.  Branches  beset  with  dense  hrude*. 
Prickles  unequal,  Eubulate.  Leaves  rauDdish, 
cordate  at  the  baie,  pubescent,  3 — 5-lobeii, 
deeply  crenated.  Peduncles  E-flowered,  EomC' 
times  bracteate.  Calyx  tubularly  campanulate, 
with  the  M^nienlB  linear,  obtuse,  and  spreading, 
twice  the  length  of  the  jietals,  which  are  entire. 
Berries  hispid.  {DotiU  MUi.)  A  prickly  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  baoks  of  the  Saskat- 
chawan.  Height  4  ft.  to  A  ft.  Introduced  in 
1610.       Flowers    greenish  j     April    and    May.  „,  „  ,^ 

Fruit  as  in  the  preceding  species. 


HenU/kalim.    Wllld.  Enum. 
pTOS-i  I>an1HLII.,3.p.t',.. 

^^rr>t  t  i«U^S^     ""'     "^      "'' 
Bngrmimgi.    Mtdi.  Soe.  PhTi.  Gsn..  I.  pin  1.  t.  I.  f.  4.  i  i 

^Dfc.  (^aT.f  ^c,  Inlra-aiillary  prickles  soli- 
tary. Leaves  glabrous,  3 — £-lobed,  inciaely 
dentate.  Peduncles  bearing  1 — 3  flowers. 
Pedicels  long.  Bracteas  membranaceous, 
sheathing.  Calyx  tubularly  bell-shaped.  Pe- 
tals spathulatelyobcordate.  Berries  reddish,  , 
glabrous.  (Dec.  Prt>d.)  A  prickly  shrub. 
North  America.  Height  3  It.  to  4  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  IS13.  Flowers  whitish  ;  April  and 
May.  Fruit  reddish,  glabrous;  ripe  in  July 
and  August. 


m  4.  a,  (t.)  Ni'fEUH  Lindi.     The  snowy^oumvJ  Carranl-Uke  Gooseberry. 

linulflealiiai.     LLndt.  In  Bat.  Bag.,  t.  1Ct% 
EmgrawiMI-     BoC-  Il°ai  t-  lEBI.  I  mai  our  JT'.  M\ 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches 
pnckly,  the  prickles  soli- 
tary, or  in  pairs,  or  in 
threes.  Leaves  glabrous, 
roundish,  entire  at  the  , 
base,  having  in  the  out-  { 
ward  part  3  blunt  lobes 
that  are  crenately  cut. 
Flowers  about  2  togelher, 
on  peduncles.  Sepals  re- 
flexed.  Stamens  very  pro- 
minent, conniving,  hury, 
longer  than  the  style. 
iJMil.')  A  prickly  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the 
north-west  coast.  Height 
4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introd,  1BS6. 
Flowers  wUte,  pendulous  ; 

April  and  May.  Fruit  deep  '"■  '^"■i"i'~"'. 

rich   purple,  about  the  size  of  the  block  currant ;  ripe  in  July  am]  AiigusL 


XXXIt.  OROSaVLA^XM.:  Rt^BES.  ill 

The  biufa  bear*  lome  siiiiil«rity  to  R.  trifldrum.  The  fruit  re«emblea  a 
tmtil  smooth  gDOBcberrj  ;  "  but  its  flavour  u  very  different :  it  is  entirely  dea-. 
titute  of  the  flatuess  irhich  is  more  or  leas  perceptible  in  even  the  bett  gooae- 
berries;  in  lieu  of  which  it  bos  a  rich  subacid,  vinous,  rather  perfumed,  flavour, 
which  is  extremelv  agreeable.  The  fruit  u  rather  too  add  to  be  eaten  raw  i  but, 
when  ripe,  it  malie*  delidoua  tarta,  and  would,  probably,  afford  an  excellent 
mean*  of  improving  the  common  gooseberry  b;  cross  breeding."  (^Undi.)  B. 
nlveum,  apart  from  these  considerations  (which,  however,  will  probably  lead 
to  its  culture  in  the  kitchen-garden),  is,  from  its  white  pendulous  flowen,  a 
valuable  addition  to  our  omamental  hardy  shrobs. 

M  5.  E.  (t.)  C^iiysBATi  L.     The  Dog-Bramble  OooaeberTj. 

HnUt/latiai.    Lin.  ^,191.;  DK.PTad..a.p.4».i  Diu'iUIU.,a.p.1TS. 

AnioMT.    Jt.  ?  trUwun  Tir. 

2«Twr«^.    Min.  Sac.  PIit>.  O^-.  S.t>uil't.l.  CKiind  onrjlf  Ml, 

Spec.     Char.,      ^c.        lulra-tuiillarv 

pricklca  1 — 8,    Leaves  3 — Globed, 

softly  pubescent.    Peduncles  bear- 
big  8 — 3  flowers.    Calyxcampanu- 

Intdv   cylindrical.      Petals    small, 

mucQ  shorter  than  the  stigmas  and 

stamens.     Style  simple,  toward  tbe 

middle  hdry,  rarely  glabrous.  Berry 

prickly.   (iJec,  Prod.)     A  prickly  ^ 

shrub.  Canada,  on  mountains ;  and  V  X* 

alto  Japan.  Heights  (1.  to  i  ft.  la>  <  ' 

troduced  in  1759.  Flowers  whitish; 

April,    Fruit  reddish. 
yarietiet.     There   are  two  forms  of 

this  species  : —  ,^  «.  fui  cm**.*. 

^  R.  (t.)  C.  IJrictu^ibro.  with 

whitish  flowers  and  smooth  fruit.    Native  of  Hudson's  Bay. 
M  K.  ('.)  C.  ijritdv  acuJrato,  with  prickly  branches  and  fruit,  and  flowers 
pubescent  and  purplish.    NaUve  of  Lake  Huron. 

Hardly  differs  from  R.  divaricittmi,  except  in  the  broader  tube  of  the 
corolla,  and  the  shorter  stamens. 

.■  e.  R.  (t.)  »iv*bic*"tum  Doug/.     The  spreadtRg-Aronc^AAi  Gooseberry. 


^xc.  Char.,  ^e.  Branches  divaricate,  bristly, 
at  length  naked.  Spioea  1 — 3  together,  axil- 
lary, i^exed,  large.  Leaves  roundiBh,  3-lobed, 
deeply  toothed,  nerved,  glabrous.  Peduncles 
3-Bowered,  drooping.  Calyx  funnel-shaped; 
with  the  sqments  at  length  spreading,  and 
twice  the  length  of  the  tube.  Blvie  and  sta- 
mens exserted.  {Don't  Mill,')  Alargeprickly 
shrub,  with  ascending  branches.  North  Ame- 
rica, on  the  nonh-east  coast,  common  on 
the  banks  of  streams  near  Indian  Tillages. 
Hdght  5fr,  to  7fr.  Introduced  in  1S26. 
Flowers  white ;  April,  Fruit  black,  smooth, 
^faerical,  agreeable  to  eat ;  ripe  in  July. 
Nearly  allied  to  J?,  trifldrum,  of  which,  like 

R.  Cyu^bati  and  some  of  the  following  sorts,  it  is,  probably,  only  a  variety. 


473 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICBTUM   BBITAHKICUM. 


■  7.  B.  (t.)  irri'quvk  DotigL     The  wdl-watered  Oooiebeny. 

,^Mim.    Dousl.ln  Hort.  Trui.,  T.  p.  SIS,  <  Don't  HIU.,  I.  p.  in. 

^iHHywf ,    R-  ?  triodruin  t«r. 

Entratlnt.    Ourjtf.  MS.  from  ■  plant  [a  [hn  HDnleiilCDnl  BocIMt'i  Oardo. 
^wt.  Char.,  ic      Prickles  uilJan,  ter- 
nary. ■  Leaves  cordate,  somewbat   A- 

lobed,    toothed,   ciliated,    pilose    on 

both  nirfikces,  nerved.    Peduncles  3- 

fltnrered,  beset  with  ghuidulai'  li 

Calyx  campanulate.     Segmenta  linear, 

about   equal  in  length  to  the  tube.  ' 

Berries  glabrous,  •pherical,  half  an  inch 

in  diameter,  smooth,  juicy,  and  trell- 

flavaured.    {Don'i   MHJ.)     A  prickly 

shrub.      America,   on  the  north-west      ^a^; 

coast,  on  moist  mountains  and  rocks,       ^^ 

near  springs  and  streaniB.    Height  3  ft.  „    ,  .. ,  ^ 

to4ft.    Introduccdin  1880.    Flowers  ■.I'-J"*" 

white  i  April.    Fruit  reddish,  glabrous  i  ripe  in  August. 

M  B.  a.  RiiiTB'Li.uit  JUicix.     The  slightly  hairy-AmncAnl 
Oooseberry, 
KniieiaMltim.    lUclii.  F1.  Bw.  Amir.,  I.  p.  111.  |  Dae.  Prod.,  t.  p.  119.  i  Doi 
Smgrnlmf.'  oirfit-  S«B .  Imt  ■  (padDHn  In  Ih*  Lambartan  hetbailm. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Spioea  infra-axil  larr.  Branches  spartnglT  < 
hispid,  with  short  hain.  Leaves  small,  cleft  hatf-waj  down 
into  3  dentate  lobes.  Peduncles  1  -flowered.  Berries  gUbrous 
{Dec.  Prod.)  A  prickly  ahnib.  Canada  and  Virginia,  oi 
rocky  mountains.  Hdght  3ft.  to  1ft.  Introduced  in  181Z. 
Flowers  greenish  white;  April  and  May.  Fruit  red; 
in  August. 


M  9.  S.  OBt'ci: 


CiWn»*V'    OufA.SKLfrooi'aipBciiiin 


JUickx.    The  ilender-AnmciiAf  Oooeebvry. 

I.  ILlll.ll 


T.  Sapt  I  Dae,  Pnd.,  I,  p.  an. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Inlra-axiUary  spbe  very  abort.  Petioles 
of  leaves  slender.  Disks  cut  into  acute  lobes.  Peduncles 
slender,  upririiE,  bearing  about  2  flowers.  Calyx  glabrous, 
tubularly  beil-sbaped.  Berries  glabrous,  puiple  or  blue; 
of  exquisite  flavour.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  piickly  ihrub. 
North  America,  on  the  mountains  of  Tennessee,  and  in 
mountainous  meadows  from  New  York  to  Virginia, 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  181S.  Flowen 
""^  '-     April  and  May.       Fruit  purple  or  blue,  high- 


flavoured  i  ripe  in  July  and  August 

.■  10.  S.  ACicuLi'RB  Smith.     The  acicular- 
tfornd  Oooaeben;. 

imlUi  tn  Itam'i  CpJ. ;  Dnn'i  Mni..  1  p.  ITS, 
U  iMritpa  gievtri  In  FaO.  Hort.  Siyir.  T. 

.     I^,FLltwAit.m.,l.»0.gHHl«uA'««. 

Spec.  Char.,  *c.  Very  prickJy.  Prickles  sti- 
pular,  3 — 5-parted.  Leaves  rather  pubescent, 
neariy  orHcular,  3— 5-lobed.  Lobes  bluntish, 
deeply  serrated.  Peduncles  usually  1-flowered, 
bractaobte  in  the  middle.  Calyx  eampanulate, 
SDKMthish.  Berries  bractless,  and,  as  well  as  the 


XXXII.  obossulaVex  :  Bt'^BSS.  473 

Mylef,  qiute  glabrous.  Stem  erect  or  procmnbcDt.  Petala  white.  Berries 
glBbrous.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A  prickly  ihrub.  Siberia,  on  stony,  rocky,  moun- 
tunous  placea.  Height  Itl.  to  8  ft.  lalroduced  ?  leiS.  Flowen  whitish ; 
April  and  May.  Fruit  yellowiih  or  purplish ;  grateful  to  the  taste  j  ripe 
in  July  and  August.     Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 

M  \\.  R-  Qhossvla^ria  L.     The  common  Oooieberry. 

Mrmlifleatim.    LIB.  Sp.,  p.  Ml.  ;  Smlth'i  Bngl.  BoL,  t.  IBl.  i  DsD'l  MIU.,  I.  p.  ITS. 

^momrma.  X.  irvwrltpa  (£4.  ft.  Bam.  M&  i  CnuiiUrim  Unilu  tOS.  Dtd.  So.  1. ;  A.  ITn. 
criuK  TU.  a.  un*H  i>rc.  n.  Fr.  i.  p.  4DS,  ;  yaiitltry,  tJutUre  amd  tin  Ntrli  tg  SuMlamdi 
Tei&m.  HatfiMi  Gmeit  «•  Salli^i  OraeUla  i  ilMnainta,  Fr. ;  OriHlIt  «•  MiSiuiUi 
(w«li»  StKhdfann,  Otr.  <  Un  Splni,  /Ai/. 

Brrlaoliam.  tTrs-crltpft  ■'g*™***  llw  rovfh  tnpk  Fabern  ta  m  iiuiiii|illiia  of  ferflr-bern.  fron 
tba  htdt  bdnc  (amwrlT,  •conlliif  to  GBurd.  cgaiUanil  I  nodk  ififaiil  fertn  t  Fabv,  or 
7«ipgi,  li  ao  ■Umrlation  of  (t(fi*rt]r.  OroMrt  ti  oildtiillr  tikn  Bwb  (bo  Fmicb  uma. 
GnMMtc  1  Hituovu  ii  from  tbo  Litin  ■una  OnMuUri^  ■Dd  Ika  Ma  Bate  of  Uia  AaH  u  a 
Hose  tat  Bunkaid.  auihlbttn  dnillM  HlcUr  barn  i  and  Un  Splaa,  Ibo  prtcUy  giapa. 
CnmiJiijuj  ti  (ran  tana  ban;,  tram  Ota  prldlliuai  of  tbo  boab  rinnmfiBiir  that  at  Iba  sona, 
Br  a™  I  or,  uoro  prabablf,  {ton  Oo  ua  diada  of  Iba  Aidt  u  a  uuc*  la  fouag,  or  (rsen, 

^froAwi.    Bag.  Bot.,t.lin.  I  and  onrA' U9- 

^m.  Char.,  i/e.  Prickles  £  or  3  under  each  bud. 
Branches  otherwise  smooth,  and  spreading  or 
erect.  Pedicels  1— 8-flowered.  Leaves  3—5- 
lobed,  rather  villous.  Bracteas  close  together. 
Calyx  campanulate,  with  reflexed  segments, 
which  are  shorter  than  the  tube.  Petais  rounded 
at  the  apex,  glatntius,  but  bearded  in  the  throat. 
Style  always  beset  with  long  down.  {Don't 
SaUL)  A  prickly  spreading  sbrub.  Europeand 
Nepal,  in  woods  end  hedges.  Height  8  ft.  to 
*lt  Flowen  greenish;  April.  Fruit  com- 
monly red,  sometimes  yellow  or  green ;  ripe 
in  August. 
Varietia. 

J,   R.   ff,    8     (Tta-eritpa    8j 

EngL  Fl.  ii.  p.  333.  j  R.  IPva  , 
crisps   Lin.  Sp.  29E.,    Smith   ' 
En^l.  Bot.  t.  2067.  (our  Jig. 
_    ,  „ B59.);  U'va-crlspa  FiuA.  Ui,l.  > 

Falgr.  1.  t.  151.  r.  1.;  A,  UVa^a^spa  tbt.   1  syh^ris 

BerUm^cr ;  has  the  buries  smooth. 
.■  R.  O.  3  ipno/bjinui  Berl.  MS8.  has  the  branches  thickly  * 

beset  with  spines, 
ji  R.  G.  4  recknala  Berl.  MSB.,  J?,   recliuitum    Im,  &>. 

891.,  OrosBuUris  rcclio&ta  MiU.  Did.  No.  1.,  has  the 

In^nches  rather  prickly,  and  reclinate. 
--  R.  G.  5   BeueniinA   Berl.  MSS.,    S.  h^bridum   Afiwr 

Prim.  Fl.  Gall.  Autlr.  p.  186.,  has  the  tniuiches  prickly, 

and    the   fruit    pubescent,    intermixed   with    glandular 

bristles.     Native  of  Crvcow,  in  hedges.  ■^-v^ 

M  R.  G.  6  (uMicmiuBerL  MSS.  —  Plant  nearly  glabrous.  Bark  smooth, 

brown.    Prickles  axillary.    Flowers  and  leaves  imall.    Native  about 

Geneva.     Perhaps  a  aubvariety  of  Ji.  Q.  recUnkta. 
^  R.  G.  T  macrocirpa    Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.4T8.  —  Stigmas  often  longer 

than  the  petals.     Flowers  and  berries  large. 
Ji  R.  G.    S  braciedla  Setl.    MSS.  — Berries    clothed    with    8 *— S 

strakbt,  coloured,  nearly  opposite,  bracteaa  and  bristles,  resembling 

sepals,  which  fall  off  belore  the  beiry  arrives  at  maturity.  {Don't 

ja  R.  G.   9  iimalaydnat,  R.  himalayinus    Rot/le,  was   raised    in     the 


474 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANHICUM. 


Horticultural  Society's  Garden  in  1838,  and  seems  hardly  different 
from  the  species.  (Gard,  Mag.,  1839,  p.  4.} 

Other  Varieties,  Till  lately,  botanists  made  even  the  rough  and  the  smooth- 
fruited  kinds  of  the  cultivated  gooseberry  two  distinct  species,  as  may  be 
seen  by  the  svnonymes  to  R,  IPva-cHspa  above;  though  it  was  re- 
corded by  Withering,  that  seeds  from  the  same  fruit  would  produce  both 
rough  and  smooth-fruited  plants.  If  varieties  were  to  be  sought  for  among 
the  sorts  in  cultivation,  they  would  be  found  almost  without  number. 
The  following  selection  of  garden  varieties  has  been  made  solely  with  refer- 
ence to  the  habit  of  growth  of  the  plants :  — 

7^  Red  Champagne,  or  Ironmonger,  has  the  branches  erect  and  fasti- 

giate,  and  wUl  form  a  handsome  bushj  6  or  7  feet  high. 
HortemarCi  Green  Gage  is  a  most  vigorous-lowing  pkint,  with  a  spread- 
ing head,  and  wiU  form  a  bush  10ft.  high. 
The  Red  Rote  is  a  vieorous-growing  bush,  with  a  pendulous  head,  but 
seldom  rising  higher  than  3  ft.,  unless  trainee  to  a  stake  to  some 
height  before  it  is  idlowed  to  branch  out, 

B.  Flowers  red. 
M  12.  R.  SPECio^uv  Pursh.    The  t^komy -flowered  Gooseberry. 

UaUifiiCatUm.    Funh  FI.  Amer.  Sept.,  9.  n.  7SI . ;  Dec.  Prod.,  8.  p.  478.  {  Dod*i  Mill.,  S.  p.  185. 
fl^MOMymet.  R.  sUmlneum  Smiih  tn  ReesU  CjfcLt  Dec.  Prod.  8.  p.  477. ;  fR.  Uacb9^ikle$¥l.  Mex, 

Ic.  tned.  I  R.  trlacinthum  MenaUet. 
SnKrtm6»g9,    Sw.  FL-Gard.,  Sd  wr.,  1. 148. ;  and  our  Jig.  851 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Shrub  prickly.  Prickles 
infra-axillarv,  triple.  Branches  hispid. 
Leaves  with  petiole  short,  and  disk 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  rounded 
at  the  outer  end,  indistinctly  3-lobed, 
incisely  crenate,  glabrous,  and  nerved. 
Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  and 
bearing  1 — 3  flowers.    Pedicels  and 

gTmens  hairy  with  glanded  hairs, 
racteas  rounded  or  very  obtuse. 
Flowers  of  a  deep  red.  Calvx  cylin- 
drical, 4-parted  ;  the  lobes  oblong,  ob- 
tuse. Petals  of  the  length  of  the  lobes 
of  the  calyx.  Stamens  4  ;  in  length 
double  that  of  the  calyx.  Filaments 
red.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
simple,  red.  (Dec.  Prod.)  A  very 
prickly-branched  shrub,  with  a  brownish  red  aspect.  America,  on  the 
western  coast,  and  in  California.  Height,  in  a  wild  state,  3  ft.  to  4  ft. ;  in 
cultivation  twice  that  height  in  rich  deep  soil.  Introduced  in  1829.  Flow- 
ers deep  red ;  May  and  June.    Fruit  red ;  ripe  ?. 

^^  ft 

The  shining  leaves  and  lar^e  crimson  elittering  blossoms  (resembling  those 
of  the  fuchsia)  of  this  species  render  it  a  most  desirable  acquisition  to  the 
flower-garden  and  shrubbery.  The  leaves,  in  fevourable  situations,  are  fre- 
quently retained  during  great  part  of  the  winter ;  so  that  it  may  almost  be 
considered  as  an  evergreen.  It  will  grow  by  cuttings  of  the  old  or  youne  wood, 
but  not  so  readily  as  most  other  species ;  and,  therefore,  it  is  generally  pro- 
pagated by  pegging  down  the  shoots  quite  flat,  and  covering  them  with  an  inch 
of  soil,  as  recommended  for  the  propagation  of  the  common  plum  for  stocks. 
Plants  of  this  species  do  not  grow  so  rapidly  as  most  others  or  the  gooseberry 
sections ;  and  tneir  branches  arch  over  and  droop  in  such  a  manner,  as  not  to 
display  the  flowers  to  advantage,  unless  the  branches  are  raised  at  least  to  the 
level  of  the  eye.  For  this  reason,  the  plant  ought  either  to  be  grown  on 
elevated  rockwork,  or  trailed  to  an  espalier  or  waU. 


854.    R.  ipftcl^iiiiii. 


i 


XXXII.   OROSSDLA  C£Je  :  BTBES.  175 

■  13.  S.  Menzib's//  Ph.     Menzies's  OooeAarj. 

_, , .;.  nmi  SiiuU  In  J)iH'(  fVC- 

SugrariKg.    OurJIg.  U&  (Whu  ■  tpudaita  In  thi  Lua1»rtlui  beritHrima. 

l^ttc.  Char.,  •Jr.  Very  prickly.  Spinet  3-ftirtite.  Leave* 
cordate,  truncate  at  the  baie,  S-lobed,  serrated,  wrinkled 
trom  Tcios,  clothed  with  pubescence  beneath.  Peduncles 
usually  l-flowered.  Calyx  cylindrically  campanulBte,  deeply 
5-partod,  glandular.  Stamens  5,  enclosed.  Style  a  little 
exaerted.  Oermena  and  peduncles  jiricUy.  {Don't  Milt.) 
A  very  priclily  shrub.  Ifarth  Calilomia  and  at  Port  Tri- 
nid«d.  Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowen 
bririit  red  or  ciimson,  glandular,  as  showy  as  in  the  pro> 
ce£ng  species  ;  May  end  June,     Fruit  rea ;  ripe  9, 

R.  micnrph^UutH  H.  B.  et  Kunth  is  a  native  of  the  moun-    ^^  ^  mniwi. 
tiun»  of  Bfexico,  at  an  elevation  of  4800  ft.,  with  the  leaves 
small  and  nearly  reairorm,  and  the  peduncles  ver;  short  and  2-IIowered.     It 
grows  to  the  hdgbt  of  irom  4ft,  to  6  ft. 

§  ii.   Botn/cdrpum  Dec. 

Sect.  Char.  Fruit  disposed  in  raccnies ;  the  plants  having  the  prickles  of  the 
precediiw  section  fOrossuliria),  and  the  racemose  flowers  of  the  following 
sectioa  (Sidiiia).  (Don't  MiU.,  iii.  p.  185.)  Plants  btermediate  between 
goosd>erriet  and  currants. 

a   It,  R.  oribnta'ls  Pmt.     The  Eastern  Cumtnt-lUte  Gooseberry, 

UculHlailiini.     Polr.  iarjci.  anjrp]..  1.  p.  US.  i  DmT.  Arb..  1.  p.  M. ;  DsD'I  Nt]]..  S.  p.  lU. 

Engrnht^-    Our  A.  ^^^  tctaa  ■  UTEng  ipfldaMD  Ld  tbs  BEnn1a4b4Di  Botuk  (iudan. 

^c.    Char.,  Spc.     Plant  rather  prickly.     Leaves  3 — 5-   . 
lobed,  eomewhat  reniforml^  orbicular,  cut,  hiury  ;   lobes'^ 
rather  deep,  obtuse.     Petioles  hairy.     Racemes  erect-  £ 
ish,  few-flowered.      EracCeas  longer  than  the  flowers. 
Style  biSd  at  the  ^jex.   Flowers  greenish  yellow.   Fruit   * 
Ike  those  of  the  currant.  (Don't  Miii.)     A  vigorous- 
growing  shrub,      Syria.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.      Intro~   ' 
Hucedin  1624.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  red ;  lipe  in  September. 
The  plant   in   the  Birmingham  Botanic  Garden    does      u«.  «■  mimia, 

not  agree  altogether  with  the  description,  and  may  possibly  be  some  other 

■  15.  It.  saia'tilk  Poll.     The  rock  CarraniJUe  Ooosebeny. 

UatHficalMm.    Fall,  Nof .  Act.  Felr^  10.  p.  ;«.)  Don't  Mat.*,  p.  IS& 
Sugrasmft.    Lnl.  Fl.  Bin.  All.  I1J..L  2)9.  j  aod  Dor  .l^' W. 

i^c.  Char.,  Sfc.  Prickles  scattered.  Leaves  roundish -cunei- 
form, bluntly  3-lobed.  Racemes  erect.  Bracteas  linear,  shorter 
than  the  pedicels.  Calyx  flat,  acabrous.  Sepals  small,  of  a  livid 
green  colour.  Flowers  small,  greenish  purple.  Petals  spathu> 
late.  Berries  smooth,  globose,  bractless,  dark  purple  when 
mature,  full  of  edible  pulp,  rarely  so  larse  as  common  currants,  ^ 
but  like  them.  (Don't  Milt,)  A  bushy  shrub.  Siberia.  Height 
4ft.  to  Aft.  Introduced  in  1819.  Flowers  small,  greeninh 
purple  ;  April  and  May.     Fruit  dark  purple ;  ripe  in  August.     ' 

The  twin-prickled  CuniuU-iike  Gooseberry. 


476  AOBOHETUM   ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANHICUH. 

Spec,   0iar.,   ^.       Stipular    prickles    twin. 

Leaves  with  •  di«k  shorter  than  the  petiole, 

and  wedge-«baped,  perfeeilv  glabrous,  and 

parted   into   3   lobei    which    are    dentate. 

Flowers  upon  long  pedicels,  tn  long  upright 

racemes.  BracCeastnelenEth  of  the  flowers. 

Sepcds  rounded,  yeUowisn.     Petals  small, 

roundish.     Berry  ovate  or  globose,  red. 

(Dec,  Prod. y    A  spiny  shrub.    Dahuriaand 

Siberia,  in  rocky  places.  Height  4'  ft.  to  A  fl. 

Introduced   in    1781.     Flowers  yellowish 

green;    May  and  June.     Fruit  ovate,  red; 

ripe  in  August. 

A  very  distinct  sort,  easily  known  by  Its 
cuneated  leaves  and  yellowish  Bowtn.  In 
Messrs.  Loddiget's  coUectioD  there  is  a  losti- 
^ate-growing  variety. 

■  17.  R.  LACu'sTRK  Pmr.     The  lake-nifc 

Currant-like  Gooseberry.  "'■  ■■  '*■*■*'■ 

Utwlflaaton.    Pair.  BdctcI  SnppL.S.  p.  BBS.;  D«t  Prad..],  p.tre.1  Doo'l  WIL,  1,  p.  m 
bn^iK.    ?R.  otjtatuhSlirt  ilidu.  FIbt.  But.  Amer.  1.  p.fu. 
Agrarhit.    OtaJi,  at».  Itaai  i  plut  In  tba  Honlculiunl  BocUj't  aacdn. 
^tec.  Char.,  ^,     Infra-axillary  prickles  oia- 

niibld ;     the   stem   hispid    with    minute 

prickles.  Leaves lobedbeyondthemiddle; 

glabrous    beneath,   rather   pilose   above. 

Petioles    villous.      Peduncles   ?  upright, 

?reflexed,  bearing  8 — 3  flower;    uf>on 

luspid  pedicels.     Flowers  small  yellowish 

green.     Oermen  hispid.  (Dec.  Prod.)     A 

very  prickly  shrub.  Canada  and  Virpnia, 

in  moist  places.  Hdght  4(1.  to  5f^  In- 
troduced in  leiS,  Flowers  small,  yellow- 
ish ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  purplish  black, 

about  the  aiie  of  the  common  black  cur< 

rent ;  ripe  in  August. 

■    R,   /.    S  ecAmdtum;   B.  echiniuum 

Dougl.  M89.,   and  Arb.  Brit.  1st  iv 

edit.  p.  999. ;  S,armi.tam  Hort.  ;  ••*-  a.iHiH». 

has  the  stems  prostrate,  while  those  of  the  species  are  upright  and 

rather  slender. 
Hie  flowers  are  those  of  the  currant,  and  the  prickly  stems  those  of  the 
gooseberry.  The  fruit  is  about  the  size  of  black  currants,  m  pendulous  racemes, 
purplish  black,  shining,  clothed  with  hairs,  and  unpleasant  to  the  taste.  The 
plant  forms  rather  a  spreading  trailing  bush,  and  is  thereAire  more  adapted 
for  spreading  over  rockwork  or  stones,  than  for  standing  erect  by  itself.  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Garden. 

$  iii.  Rib^ia  Dec.     CurrantM. 

Sfmn^ma.  Rtta  ID.  Lit.  ami  aOtrl  i  CllobHrri,  CorMOU.  Ull  lUMr  SfKh ;  OroKlIlM  « 
Gnpp«,  or  GroHlDlat  cmmuD.  I'r. ;  JolmnlibHr*,  Orr. ;  BvhuIkhibi,  DmJd ;  BIbn,  luL 

Seel.  Char.  Shrubs  unarmed.  Racemes,  for  the  most  part,  many-flowered. 
Leaves  plicate.  Cal}-x  campanulate  or  cylindrical.  (Don'i  MilL,  iii.  p.  185.) 
Shrubs,  the  branches  of  which  ore  without  prickles,  and  the  leaves  and 
fruit  of  which  resemble  those  of  the  currant  more  than  those  of  the  goose> 


XXXII.   GROSSULA  C£;E  :    RISES. 


All 


A.  Fhwen  greenish^  or  grtemth  yellow,  or  redduh  ;  and  Frtat^  ina  wild 

SaUtred* 

•  18.  R,  RU^RUV  L.    The  common  red  Currant. 


Dec.  Prod.,  &  p.  481. ;  Don's  Mill.,  S.  p.  187. 


ier  oommun,  Fr.  \  gonelne  Johannifbeere,  Ger. ; 


IdeiU&laUAm.    Lin.  Sp.,  290.  ^^.  . . 
Sgmomgmea.    R.  ▼ulsAre  N*  Dm  Ham.  \ 

Aalbanen  Boom,  JDutek ;  RibM  rosso,  Jtal. 
Bngraoimgi.    Smith  Engl.  Bot.,  1. 1989. ;  Kranss,  t.  48. ;  sjid  our^.  860. 

!^c.  Char^  ^e.  Leaves  cordate,  bluntly  3 — 5-lobed, 
pubescent  beneath,  when  young,  usually  rather  to- 
inentose,  glabrous  above.  Racemes  droopine.  Brac- 
teas  ovate,  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Ca^  flatly 
campanulate,  spreading.  SepaJs  obtuse.  Petals  ol>. 
corcmte.  Fruit  quite  glabrous.  Flowers  yellowish. 
(^Don't  Mill.)  An  upright  shrub.  Europe  and  Siberia, 
in  woods;  and  throughout  Canada  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Mackenzie  ;  in  the  North  of  England  and  in  Scot- 
land, in  mountainous  woods,  and  about  the  banks 
of  rivers.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  greenish  yel- 
low ;  April  and  May.    Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Varieties.    De  Candolle  gives  the  following  forms  of  this 
species :  — * 
A  R.  r.  1  tylvetire  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.  iv.  p.  406.  —  Leaves  and  berries  small. 

Lobes  of  leaves  short. 
A  R.  r.  2  horUnte  Dec.  L  c.   R,  rikbrum  Loit.  Nouv,  Diet.  iiL  —  Leaves 

large,  sometimes  variegated.    Berries  sweeter  and  larger  than  in 

var.  1.     Cultivated  in  gardens. 
a  R.  r.  3  cameum  Berl.  MS8.  ex  Dec.  Prod.  iiL  p.  461.    R.  ri^brum 

dom^ticum  2  b&ccis  c&meis  Wdllr.  Sched.  p.  106.  —  Leaves  rather 

tomentose  beneath.    Sepals  red.    Cells  of  anthers  distant.    Berries 

pale  red. 
A  R.  r.  4  variegeUumDec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  481.,  Wallr.  1.  c,  has  the  berries 

beautifully  variegated ;  or,  rather,  distinctly  striped  with  white  and 

red.     In  cultivation  in  Austria,  and  well  deserving  of  a  place  in 

every  collection,  from  the  beauty  and  singularity  of  its  fruit. 
m  R.  r.  5  album De^  Cat.  Bot.  p.  164.  —Berries  white. 
m  R.  r.  6  folUi  luUo  variegdtit  uu  Ham.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with 

yellow,  and  the  fruit  red. 
m  R.  r.  7  fdlOt  dlbo  variegdHi  Du  Ham.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with 

white,  and  the  fruit  white. 
A  R.  r.  8  sibkicum  Oldaker.  The  Russian  currant. — Of  vigorous  growth. 

The  propagation,  culture,  &c.,  of  the  currant,  as  a  fruit  shrub,  will  be  found 
given  at  length  in  our  Eneyclopeedia  of  Gardening,  and  in  our  Suburban  I  ford-' 
culiurist, 

M  19.  R,  (r.J  alpi^num  L.    The  alpine  red 

Currant. 


ideniifleatiom.     Tin.  Sp., 
Don's  MiU..  8.  p.  186. 


291. ;   Dec   Prod.,  8.  p.  480. ; 


uon's  nui.j,  8.  p.  186. 
^fntmifnte,    M.  dJoteum  MaUtn, 
£ngravimg$.    Schmidt  Banm.,  t.  96.  t  and  oaxjig.  861. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  with  3—5  lobes,  ob- 
tuse, hairy  above,  shining  beneath.  Racemes 
^uped.  Bracteas  lanceolate,  inflated,  spar- 
ingly glandulose,  mostly  lareer  than  the 
flowers.  Petals  minute,  as  if  in  abortion. 
Anthers  more  or  less  sessile.  Styles  con- 
nate. Berries  red.  {Dec.  Prod.)  A 
spreading  shrub.     Alps  of  Europe  and  Si- 


Ml.    JL(M 


478 


ARBOBETUH   ET    FRUTICETUBT  BBITANNICUH. 


o  fomu  of  the  gpedes,  aod  Dr.  Limllej 


beria  ;  and  found  in  Britsin,  in  woods,  both  in  England  and  Scotland. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  :  Ajnil  and  May.  Fruit  red  ; 
ripe  in  July. 
Varieliei.  Berlandier  has  described  t' 
bat  added  a  proper  varietj. 

A  R.  (rO  n-  I  *tirUe  WaUr.  Sched.  p.  108.  R.  ^ofcum  Mceneh  Metk. 
—  Flowers  manj  in  a  raceme,  and  densely  disposed,  flat,  destitute  ot 
a  sermen,  soon  falling  off.     Anthers  ahnost  sessile,  acute,  bearing 

^  R.  (r.)  a.  2  Aoec^tmn  Wallr.  Sched,  p.  108.— Flowers  few  in  a 
Tacenie,ratbertdTer-flbaped.  Anthers  upon  obvious  filamenta,  ?  im- 
perfect. Style  bifid  to  a  amall 
extent.     Gennen  obvious. 

a  R.  (r.)  a.  3  p&ailiim  Lindl.  in 
Hort.  Trans.viLp.  SW.,  and 
our  fia.  868.—  In  ewery  re- 
npect  tne  same  as  the  species, 
but  not  one  third  of  the  si 
never  exceeding  2  ft.in  h  dght, 
even  when  cultivated  in  gar- 
dens. The  leaves  are  deeply  ^ 
cut,  the  flowers  small,  and 
the  fruit  seldom  produced. 

J  B.  (r.)  a.  ^f<^  vanegalit  Hort,  has  vari^atcd  leaves.  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden. 

M  20.  R.  (s.)  PETRs'uu  Widf.     The  rock  red  CurrsnL 
ffolC  tn  Juq.  Mk.,  &  il  K.  1  IDoo'i  Mill.,  &  p.  in. 

ilnliiaiii  Dtlart.  ittrtTg*.  v.  ItH.  i   BlbH  canllina.  lul. ;  Um  woolli-ltand  Cur- 
rut,  the  red  MuibmilLDw-laiisd  Cumnt.  . 

XI.  Bnf.  BoL,  L  TOS.  I  ud  our  A-  Ka. 
yec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  acuminated,  3 — 5- 
lobed,  rather  cordate,  deeply  serrated,  on 
long  petioles,  pilose  above.  Racemes 
erect,  crowded,  rather  pubescent.  Brac- 
teas  shorter  than  the  pedicel.  Sepsis  obtuse. 
Petals  obcordate,  amall,  white.  Berries 
lflrge,deep  red, wiihan  acid  taste.  Fruiting 
raceinespendulous.CZ'on'»Jiii/,)A^reKf 
ingshrub.  Alpsof  Carinthtii,Savoy,andon 
almost  all  chemountainBofthecontinentof 
Europe.    In  England,  it  is  found  near  Eg- 

ileston  and   CoosdiS^  in  the  coimty  of 
)urhaffl ;  and  in  Scotswood  Dean,  North* 


umberland,  Hei^t  3  ft.  i 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ; 
Fruit  red ;  ripe  in  July. 


I'tS 


^raot,',  l'iwo.j'bwI,  l.t,  1,5.  116 
«.-«rA.SM.  g^ 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  roundish-  /3SJJ 

cordate,  3 — 5-lpbed,  covered  with  ^-i-^ 
soil  hairs  above,  and  with  tomen.  Y 

turn    beoeatb.      Racemea    erect. 


XXXII.   OBOSSULA^CEK :    SI  BES.  479 

Flowera  more  or  leupedicellale.  Brncteu  obtuse,  tomentoae,  much  shorter 
than  the  pedicels.  Sepals  round iah-cunea(ed.  PeUla  oblong.  Styles  biRd. 
Berries  dabrous,  cloboae,  and  in  colour  and  taste  resembling  those  of  R.  ru. 
brum,  (pim't  AtiU.)  Auupri^t  shrub.  North  of  England,  in  woods  near 
RichmoDd  in  Yorkshire,  and  Piersbridge  asd  Gaioford  in  Durham.  Height 
td.  to  6  ft.  Flowers  greenisli  jeltow  j  April  and  May.  Fruit  red;  ripe 
in  July. 

The  tree  currant  affords  a  firuit  rather  smaller,  and  more  acrid,  than  the 
common  red  currant ;  but  by  crossing  and  cultiTatioD  it  mi^t,  no  doubt,  be 
greatly  improved ;  and,  Inim  its  comparatiTcly  tree-like  habits,  might  be  a 
more  convenient  fruit  shrub  in  respect  to  the  crops  around  it. 

A  28.  S.  (r.)  CARPA'TBrcuM  SU.    The  Carpathian  red  Currant. 

m,F\.,Xia.l.p.tt».i  1>»-iMI11.,S.p.lR. 
»JI(n<i.((«eh^&  p.  4»     ' 

^lec.  Char.,  ^.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  5-lobed,  cordate.  Racemes  pendulous, 
and,  09  well  as  the  calyxes,  pubescent.  Petals  flattish,  smaller  than  the 
calyx.  (Uon'i  Mill.)  Carpathian  Mountains,  Height  4  ft.  Perhaps  only 
a  variety  of  R.  rubruro. 


Sfimtma.    a.  ipicAtum  Sdndlti  (Eur.  fl.  ed.  L  p. 
Agra^mgi.    Bot.Hig..l.  »M.  iindinrjf;.  Hft. 

Spec.  Chnr.,  *c.  Leaves  S-lobed, 
cordate,  tomentoae  beneath. 
Racemes  very  long,  pendulous, 
drooping.  Bracteas  shorter 
than    the    flowers.      Petioles 


times  distinctly  trifid.  (ZW'i 
Mill.)  A  spreading  shrub,  with 
vigorous  branches  and  large 
leaves,  Croatia.  Height  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  Introduced  u  183S.  Flow- 
ers greenish  yellow ;  April  and 
May.  Fruit  small,  red  -.  ripe  in 
July. 


mental  sort.  From  the  luxuriance  of  the  flowers  and  leaves,  and  of  the  pliint 
generally,  fruit  is  seldom  produced  ;  and,  when  it  appears,  it  is  generally  of 
small  size.  On  account  or  the  gracerulness  of  the  long  drooping  racemes  of 
flowers,  it  well  deserres  a  place  in  collections. 

a  8*.  B.  (r.)  albine'rtum  Mida.    The  whitc-nervedJmrni  red  Currant. 


cutely  lobed,  smoothish, 
with  whitish  nerves.  Racemes  recurved.  Flowers  small.  Berries  red, 
glabrous.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  shrub.  Canada  and  the  Catskill  Mountains,  in 
the  state  of  New  York.  Height  4(1.  Introduced?.  Flowers  greenish 
yelbw ;  April  and  May.    Berries  red  j  ripe  b  July. 

*  fiS.  R.  ACUHtNA'TUU  Wall.     The  pointed-Znitwrf  Currant. 


460  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETDH   BRITAKNICUH. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.  Branches  glabrous.  Leaves  glabrous 
above,  but  with  a  few  scattered  hura  beneatfa,  3 — fi-lobed ; 
lobes  acumiDated,  sarated.  Racemes  axillary ,  erect. 
Peduncles  pubescent.  Berries  nodding.  Calyx  campa- 
nulate.  Petals  rounded  at  the  apex.  {Don't  JMUf.)  A 
nnootfa  shrub.  Nef>B],  on  %raiore  and  Bmodi.  Height 
4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  ?  in  1837.  Flowers  greenish  ' 
yellow  ;  A|>ril  waA  Hay.  Fruit  red,  about  the  size  of  that 
of  the  red  cumnt ;  ripe  in  3uly.  , 

.«  86.   R.  (b.)  TRi'piDUH  Michx.      The  xMA-calyxed  red 
Currant. 


AwranMir.    Oat  Jig.  Ml';  IViui  1  iMdmaa  u*. 

toSlrW.  J.  HootWilieitiiiriiini,  «.  (>.i  ™.i»lu.-. 

Spec.  Char.,  i/c.  Leaves  smooth,  moderately  lobed. 
Racemes  loosely  many  •flowered,  pubefk:ent.  Flow- 
ers  small.  Cajycioe  segments  rather  trifid.  Ber* 
ries  hairy,  red.  Lobes  of  leaves  acutish.  Ra- 
cemes weak,  nearly  like  those  of  B.  r^brum,  but 
the  flowers  smaller.  Petals  purplish,  spathulate, 
rounded  at  the  apex.  (Dvn'i  Mill.')  A  prostrate 
shrub.  North  America,  near  Quebec,  and  at  Hud- 
son's Bay.  Height  1ft.  to  Sft.  Introduced  in 
1823.     Flowers  purplish  ;  April  and  May. 


t  87.  R.  Ni\)iiUN  L.     The  black  Cumut. 

n  Unct  V(U.  sea. ;  di^  ud  Pi 


Spte.  Char.,  S^e.  Leaves  dotted  from  glands  beneath,  3 — S-lobed.  Racemes 
loose.  Bracteas  minute,  subulate  or  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  pedi- 
cels. Petals  oblong.  Calyx  campanulate,  with  refleied  segments.  Flowers 
whitish,  or  yellowish  green.  Calyx  often  of  a  rich  brownish  red  colour, 
or  pink.  Stamens  somerimes  more  than  S,  in  which  case  there  are  fewer 
petals  ;  so  that  when  there  are  10  stamens  there  are  no  petals.  This 
change  of  petals  into  stamens  is  just  the  reverse  of  the  process  by  which 
sii^le  flowers  become  double;  and  it  is  the  only  &ct  of  the  kind  which  hu 
hiUierto  been  observed.  Stigmas  biiid.  Berries  globose,  black,  glandular. 
(Don't  JUiU.)     A  shrub  with  smoothish  branches,  strong-smelting  leave*. 


Fruit 


xzzii.  grossula'ce/e  :  ri''bes. 

Europe.    Hraght  i&.    Plovers  ydlowiah  green  j  April  and  Ma;, 
dark  purple;  ripe  ia  June  and  July. 
Varietiei. 

m  R.  n.  i  bicca  flAvida  Hort.  —  Supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  between  the 

black  and  white  currants,  end  to  hnve  been  originated   near  Bath, 

previously  to   18S7.     The  fruit  is  of  a  dingy  greenish  yellow  ;  but 

the  plant  has  the  habit  and  general  ^pearance  of  R,  nigrum. 

a  H.  n.  3  b&cca  oiridi  Uort.  has  the  fruit  green  when  ripe.    This  variety 

is  common  in  Russia  in  a  wild  state.  Hort.  8oc.  Garden. 
■  R.  n,  i/dSit  varie^alu  Vilm. —  Leaves  vari^ted  with  yellow  streaks. 
Garden  Varietiet.  Six  of  these  are  enumereted  in  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's Fndt  Catalogue  of  1831,  the  best  of  which  are  the  black  Naples  and 
the  large  black.  The  fruit  of  the  former  variety  is  very  large  and  handsome, 
more  especially  when  the  plant  is  grown  in  deep  rich  soil,  and  in  a  situation 
rather  snady  and  moist 

The  leaves,  fruit,  and  the  entire  plant  are  poweHiilly  diuretic.  The  treat- 
ment of  the  black  currant,  as  a.  fruit  tree,  wiD  be  found  in  the  Encyclopedia 
o/ Gardening,  and  ia  the  5«4ur4ini  Horlicullnritt. 

J,  2B.     R.  (n.)  Tfti'sTB  Pall.     The  aad-coloiired,  or   darlc-blotiomed,  black 
Currant. 

Utn'liflcalicn.    Fall.  Noi.  Act.  PM,,  10,  p.  3TS. ;  Oin't  Kill.,  3,  f.  IK. 
^rmminne.   It.  ilUlcum  Lodi.  Coy. 
Etttratlxf.    Oarjtf.  S6S.  from  ■  IlilBg  ipectaneiL 
Spee.  Char.,  ^.    Leaves  5-1  obed.   Branches  umple, 
twi^y,  bearing  leaves  and  racemes  of  flowers  at 
the  apex.      Racemes  pendulous,  both  when  in  ^ 
flower  and  in  Iruit.    Corollas  flattish,  of  a  dull 
brownish  red    on    the    outside,  and    yellowish 
inside.      Petals  revolute.     Berries  small,  black, 
insipid.     Boot  creeping.  (Son'i  JUiU.')     A  low 
shrub.      Siberia,   on    the    Mongol    Mountains. 
HdghtSft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  m  1830.     Flow- 
ers brownish  red  and  yellow  j  April  and   May.  '"■  ■•(■■!«"■ 
Fnut  black  j  ripe  in  July.     Difiers  from  B.  nigrum  only  in  the  dull  browu 
colour  of  the  flowers. 

m  29.  S.  (n.)  pi.o'riduh  L'HSril.     The  flowery  black  Currant. 
.    L'Hirit  SUip,,  1.  p.  4. :  Ph.  Sept.,  I.  p.  lU.  i  Don'.  Mill..  J.  p,  lOT. 
-     ■  -    in..SJf-  »ll  A  ptnniilidnlcuni  Lem.  Dicl.i.  p. «. ;  ».  recur. 

--  ■    -  •">.,  KtmJIiigtoToiTrjj  WWi*m  nlgTiim,fcc.,  Dit.EH*. 


.  .r  5-tobed,  cordate,  doubly  serrated.  Ra- 
cemes pendulous,  pubetfcent.  Bracteas  linear, 
longer  than  the  pedicels.  Calyx  tubularly 
campanulate,  glabrous  :  with  the  segments  ob- 
tuse, and  at  lenclb  reflexed.  Oermens  and 
black  berries  ov^-gtobose,  glabrous.  This  is 
in  many  respects  nearly  allied  to  R.  nigrum; 
but  its  more  copious  and  denser  flowers,  and 
especially  thdr  long  bracteas, and  more  tubular 
csJyxes,  will  always  distinguish  it :  the  solitary 
pedicel,  too,  at  the  base  of  the  flowers,  is  want- 
ing in  thisspedes.  Petals  oblong,  rather  erose 
at  the  apex ;  greenish  yellow.  (Don'*  Mdl.) 
A  large  shrub.     Canada  to  Virdnia,  in  hedges 

and  woods.     Height  4ft.  to  Oft.    Introduced  'l^k 

in    1729.      Flowers  pale  yellow;    April  and  „o.  K.a.\tMimJ7'^ 

May.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  July.  '    _ 


482 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Varietiet. 

A  R.   (fi.)  /  2  grandiflarum  Hort.     R,  rigens  Michx,  FL  Bor,  Amer, 

i.  p.  110.,  rh.  Seft,  i.  p.  136. — Flowers  and  racemes  larger  than 

those  of  the  species. 
A  R.   (n.)  /.  3  parviflorufn   Hort.    R.  americ^num 

MUl^  it.  pennsylvdnicum  CeU,^  R.  campanuULtum 

Hort, — ^Flowers  smaller,  and  the  racemes  shorter. 

jt  30.  R,  (n.)  procu'mbbns  Poll,     The  procumbent 

black  Currant. 

Jdentifleatiom.    Pall.  Fl.  Rom.,  S.  p.S5.  t.  66. ;  Don*i  MOL,  t,  p.  186. 
Symmgme.    R.  poljrcirpon  Gmei.  Svit.  Veg.  p.  419. 
Engrtningt.    PaU.  Fl.  Rof.,  3.  p.  85.  t.  66. ;  and  ooxftg,  871. 

^ec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  bluntly  lobed;  lobes  serrated, 
lateral  ones  a  little  cut.  Racemes  erect.  Pedundes 
long,  setaceous.  Segments  of  the  limb  of  the  flower 
pubescent,  acute,  of  a  purplish  colour.  Anthers  hardly 
rising  from  the  calyx.  Flowers  flattish.  Berries  very 
grateful  to  the  taste,  rufescent  when  ripe.  {DoiCi  MUl!) 
A  procumbent  shrub.  Siberia,  in  moist  places.  Height 
1  fl.  to  2  ft.  Introduced  in  1804.  Flowers  greenish  yel-  S>^ 
low  ;  May  and  June.    Fruit  brownish ;  ripe  Aug. 

j±  31.  R.  (n.)  prostra^um  Lm.    The  prostrate  black  Currant. 

MentifieaUon.   L*H£rit.  SUrp.,  1.  p.  S.  t.  S. ;  Doii*i  Mill.,  8.  p.  186. 
^tumymti.    R,  glandulftium  AU,  Hort,  Ktw,  ed.  1.  p.  379.;  R»  canadfioM  Lodd. 
Engravtngt.    Scnmidt  Banm.,  t  96. ;  and  our  Jig.  87S. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  deeply  cordate,  5-— 7-lobed, 
glabrous.  Lobes  acutely  cut,  doubly  serrate,  naked  on 
both  surfaces.  Racemes  erect,  loose,  slender.  Brac- 
teos  small,  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  pedicels, 
which  are  beset  with  glandular  bristles.  Calyx  ro« 
tate.  Oermens  and  berries  beset  witli  glandular 
bristles.  Berries  large  and  black.  {DofCs  JUill.)  A 
prostrate  shrub.  Newfoundland,  throughout  Canada, 
and  in  the  woods  on  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Height 
lf%.  toSft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  ^eenish 
yellow  ;  April  and  May.    Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July. 

Veaietjf, 

jt  R.  (n.)  p.  2  laxifiorum.  R,  affile  DougL 
MSS.,  R,  laxifl6rum  Ptirth  Fl,  Amer,  &^, 
ii.  p.  731.  —  Racemes  pubescent.  Pedicels 
divaricate.     A  very  distmct  sort.    North-west  coast  of  America. 


871.    Jl.(n.) 


A  32.  R,  (n.)  resino^sum  Punh*    The  resinous  black  Currant. 

Identification,    Punh  FI.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  168. ;  Don't  Hill.,  3.  p.  186. 

Svnonffme$.    R.  orientille  Catro$ ;  R.  recUiiitain  HorL 

Engrmrings.    Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1588. ;  B«rl.,  1.  c,  t.  9L  f.  10. ;  and  onxjlg.  873. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  All  herbaceous  parts  of  the  shrub  bear  hairs 
tipped  with  resinous  glands.  Leaves  3 — 5-lobed,  roundish. 
Racemes  erect.  Calyx  flattish.  Petals  bluntly  rhomboid. 
Bracteas  linear,  longer  than  the  pedicels.  Flowers  gireenish 
yellow.  ?  Berry  hairy  and  black.  Perhaps  the  flowers  are 
dioecious.  (Don*s  MUL)  A  spreading  shrub.  North  America, 
on  the  mountains.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  '7a.A4«i 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  April  and  May.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  July. 

^  33.  R.  (n.)  puncta^um  Ruiz  et  Pav,  Tlic  dotted-/eat>r/f  black  Currant. 

Identification.    Ruii  et  Pav.  Fl.  Per..  S.  p.  19.  t  233.  f.  a. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  8.  p.  187. 
Syn^mMfme.    R.  glandulftiura  Rnis  et  Pawm  PI.  Per.  t.  283w  f.  6.,  but  Dot  of  Ait ;    Dom*$  Mill,  X 
p.  189.,  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Gordon,  of  the  Horticultural  Sodetj. 


XXXII.  ohossulaVe^:  ri^bes.  463 

Oitnwi^.    UmM.  BM.  Reg.,  t.  11T».  wd  IfifiS,  (  ud  ourj(c<.  m,  R^ 
Af  Spec.   Char.,  ^c.      Leaves  3- 

{^J  lobed,  semted,  beset  nith 

^9^^       \  resinous  glands  beneath,  as 

^2^  aresUo  &e  bracteas.     Ra> 

"  ceroes  longer  than  theleaves, 

either  drooping   or  erect. 
rCj^-i  r,  Bnicteas       cuneate-oblons, 

cififP'  '       *-•  obtuse,  at  length   reflexed. 

Calyx  campBDiilBte,  yellow- 
(Tt.  a.  M.1  TwoMn-  u^-    Bemes  oblong,  hairv, 

blacb,  and  dotted.    Petala 
tinall,  yellow.   (Don't  MiU.)      A  sub-evergreen    shrub,  ■tj-j.iii.iwhim. 
Chili, un  hills.  Hebht  3ft.  to4ft.     Introduced  in  18S6.    Flowers  yellow  i 
April  and  Hay.     Fruit  block ;  ripe  in  July. 

The  leaves  are  shining,  and  of  a  yellowish  green,  and,  when  rubbed,  have 
an  agreeable  odour.  The  short  dose  bunches  of  rich  yellow  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  the  aijls  of  the  leaves.  The  plant  throws  up  suckers  from  the  roots  : 
a  circumstance  which  distinguishes  it  from  almost  every  other  species  of  the 
genus  in  Briush  gardens.  Dr.  Lindley  has  given  two  figures  of  inis  species  in 
the  Bolanical  Reailtr :  one,  t  1658.,  of  the  wild  plant,  in  which  the  spikes  are 
pendulous,  or  nodding  ;  and  the  other,  t.  1878.,  of  the  cultivated  plant,  in  which 
the  spikes  are  erect.  He  observes  that  it  is  hardy  enough  to  Uvo  in  a  dry 
border  without  protection,  and  that  it  is  a  ratlin  pretty  evergreen  shrub.  H.  S. 


fiwrwfrw-    l-e^'FL  Boa.  Alt.  IU»,  I.  SI). ;  nd  (HI  A.  (76. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  erectish.  Leaves  pubescent,  bristly, 
and  glandular,  neariv  orbicular,  3-lobed  ;  lobes  obtuse,  toothed. 
Racemes  erect.  Pedicels  e^ual  in  length  to  the  bracteas. 
Calyx  flat,  pubescent  Hemes  pubenilous,  glandlcas,  brvct- 
less.  (Don'i  MUi.)  An  upright  shrub.  Altaia,  on  rocks,  at  the 
foot  of  the  inountainB.  Hdght  S  ft.  to  3  ft  Introduced  in 
iat7.  Flowers  purple;  April  and  May.  Fruitlike  that  of  the 
red  currant,  but  orange.«okiured  j 
August. 


^c.  ChttT^  ^c.  Leaves  on  long  petiolea,  cordate, 
<]eeply5— 7-lobed;  lobes  acuminated,  mt,  doubly 
serrated,  hispid  above,  but  full  of  resinous  dots 
beneath ;  racemes  often  termiiud,  at  length  re- 
flexed.  Pedicels  erectly  spreading,  pubescent, 
exceeding  the  spathulate  bracteas.  Calyx  rotate, 
glabrous.  Petals  minute,  roundish.  Oeimens  and 
berriea  full  of  resinous  dots.  (Don't  Mill.)  A 
huge  shrub.  North-west  coast  of  America,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Columbia  with  the  ocean. 
Height  5 ft.  to  B ft.  Introduced?.  Flowers  pur- 
plish yellow;  April  and  May.  Fruit  about  the 
nie  of  the  red  currant,  greenish,  hairy. 
A  very  remaritable  and  elc^nt  shrub,  with  leaves 


ARBORRTUH    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


I  PuTjh.     The  very  clammy  black  Currant. 

.1  Ooi-iMllL.&i..  m. 
da  Sdai.  MU.  IMS. 

Spec.  Char.,  jr.     Leaves  cordate,  olituae,  3—5- 
lobed,  deeply  crenateit.     Viscid  and  glandular 
pubescence.      Glands  on  both  surface*.     Ra- 
cemes erect,  corymbose.     Bnicteai  linear-ob- 
ovate,  rather  shorter  tluui  the  pediceb,  which  . 
are  clolbed  with  glandular  hairs.    Calyx  tubu- 
larly cam panu late,  with  erectly  spreading  obtuse 
tegments.     Germens  and   fruit  ovste- oblong,   , 
cloLhed  with  viscid  hairs.  Berries  oblong-ovBte,  1 
black.     Flowers  large  and  white.  (Dm'iMill.)  > 
An  upriffht  shrub.      North  America,  on  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  towards  the  sources  of  the 
Columbia;  also  on  the  summits  of  the  hitla  „).  -   ,     ,  , 

near  the  Spokan  and  Kettle  Falla,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  8000  ft.  above  the  sea.      Height  4  Fl  to  8  ft.     Introduced  in  1886. 
Ftower»  whitish  or  yellowish  ;   April  and  May.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  July. 
A  very  line  and  remarkable  species,  somewhat  difficult  to  keep. 


UnHfeatliM.    RkbudilD  Frukl.  Hril  Ji>uni..«d.  t.ippind.  p.l  i  Ddd'i  HI11..3.  ei  190. 

anoifime.    ApHhiltiaUo^.  Unn.TVinu.  T.  P.SU 

Eagrmint-  Ourjff.  Kt.  in  Boixr,  uidjlf.  SU-  Id  Cralc,  frm  ■  tindiiien  Id  Dr.  UiiiUf7'i  hnliuluin. 
Spcc.Char.,Sic.  Branches  erect. 
Leaves  3-labed,  quite  glabrous 
above,  full  of  resinou*  dots 
beneath,  and,  as  well  a*  the  pe- 
tioles, villous.  Oermeni  dotted.  ^ 
Berries  globose,  glabrous. 
black.  Racemes  erect,  pubes- 
cent. Bracteas  short.  Seg- 
ments of  the  calyx,  which  is 
campanulate,  spreading.  Flow- 
ers small.  Petals  white.  The 
fruit,  and  peculiar  odour  of 
the  plants,  are  those  of  R, 
nigrum.  (Dorii  MUt.)  An 
erect  shrub.  North  Axnerica, 
fivm  Hudson's  Bay  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  in  the  west, 
and  aa  far  north  aa  lat.  57°, 
including    the  mountain*   of 

sn    rt  iiiiin^iiitoiiii       Columbia,  about   the  Kettle        ua  n  miim    u  n,. 
Falls.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  In- 
troduced in  f  1S30.    Flowers  whitish !  April  and  Hay.    Fruit  black;  ripe 
in  July.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

•  36.  R.  OLACu'i.E   Wall.     The  icy  black  Cummt. 

Idmfllimilem.    Wilt  Cu.,  Kn.  SW.  ;  Don'i  Mill.,  S.  p  ISB 
engtarmt.    Our.^  8>il.  ft-omaiiiKlnini  Jntlif  LJuuHDhntHriun. 

Spec.  Char.,  Hfc,     Bracteas  smooth.     Leaves  gbbrous  above,  but  with  few 
BCalt««d  britlly  hairs  beneath,  cordate  at  the  base,  3 — 5-lobed  at  the  apex  i 


XXXII.   OROSSULACE^!   RISES.  4&'t 

lobes  acute,  <emted.  Peciolca  lon^,  serrated  at 
the  base.  Racemes  drooping.  ^^^  campanu- 
late.  Petals  longer  than  the  calyx.  FJowers  white. 
Berries  black.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  shrub.  Nepal,  od 
Emodi  and  Oossainthan.  Height  ^fl.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1683.  Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  block ;  ripe  in  Julj.     Hon.  Soc.  Garden. 

.■  39.  B.  IHB^BSMNS  iMtdi.    The  intoxicating 

Currant. 

Uflgkatlom.    UaH.  fai  Bot.  B(f .,  I.  I«II .  1  Doni  Hill.,  I.  p.  I»a 

Bmarmwimg,.    Bat.  n(«.,t  ini-i  udourJIf.Bn.  | 

i!^.  Char.,  ^e,  Leuvea  roandiah,  deeplj'  3 — 5-lobed, 
and  deeply  toothed,  truncate  at  the  base,  glandular 
on  both  mirfiices.  Petioles  pubescent.  Peduncles 
3 — A-llowcred, pendulous.  Flowers  aggregate.   Calyx  "i-  ■-i«"=»i* 

—  tubulu-,    glandular,   with    the 

segments  recurved.  Calyi 
greenish  white,  with  the  tube 
4  tines  long.  Lemves  smelling 
Hke  thoserffl.  fl(!ridum.  (DoiCi 
JUiii.)  Anuprightshrub.  North 
America.  Bdght  3  tl.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  iu  ie£7.  Flowers 
greenish  white;  April.  Fruit 
amber-coloured ;  ripe  in  July. 
I  This  species  was  received  from 

Hr.  Floy  of  New  York,  under  the 
'  ^^Biet—v^  name  of  the  in  to  xicoting  e  arrant, 

f^^^^^*  but  without  any  other  account  of 

^H^R  its  properties.     The  berries  may 

•••■  ^^Ht  «.**«•»  probably  possess  some  narcotic 

^W^^  quality. 

^  W.  X,  CB^BBDif  JDougl.    The  waiy-JeomJ  Currant. 

UatlUttatitim.    Doual.  In  Itan.TMDt.,r.  p.  Ml;  Doii'iMlU.,a.Et  IW, 
JbafTBiAVJ.    Bin.  Sit,,t.lMa.:  ud  wr.l^,nt. 
^lec.  Char.,   4v.       Leaves    small,   cordate, 

lobed,   serrated,   clothed   with   glandular  j 

pubescence,  glabrous,  glaucous,  fiilT  of  white/ 

glands  above.   Racemes  pendulous,  rather  t' 

capitate.      Bracteas    ovate,  adpretsed   t 

the  sermens,  which  are  glabrous.    Flowei 

nearly  sessUe,  cylindrical,  rather  an^lar. 

Calvcine  s^menta  small,  reflexed.   {Drm'i 

Am.)    A  low  bush.    North-west  America, 

on   the  banks  of  the  Columbia,   and  its 

southern  tributary  streams,  from  the  Great 

Falls  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Height  S  ft. 

to  3  ft.      Introduced  in   18S7.      Flowers 

whitish  i    April.      Fruit   amber ;    ripe   in 

Jnly. 

In  its  small  foliage  and  few-fiowered  ra- 
cemes, this  spedes  resembles  the  gooseberry 
tribe ;  but  it  has  no  thorns.  The  flowers 
are  rather  large  and  white,  vith  a  shjihl 
tinge  of  green,  and  are  rather  downy.  Whi 
upjicr  surlace  of  the  leaf  (  whence  t'he  specib 


466  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICtlH. 

C.  FUtwen  deep  red.     Fnai  bUtci. 
■  41.  R.  simqui'nbum  Panh.     The  bloody,  or  red,  Jlowered  Currant. 

UrmMeaHam.    Punb  Fl.  Asm.  S«il„  l.  p.  lU.  i  Dod'i  VIU.,1.  p.  ISI. 

jtauwwf.    S.maTtBtiatLSmitliiatlitl-iCycl.iCtMMij^ungatBm.Spaek. 

Jmg^i,imf.    Hort.  Tim...  1. 1,  W.  1  Bot  E«g,  L  IMft  i  um  ourA-  *M. 

^]«tr,  CAor.,  4-?.  LeaTea  cordate,  somewbHt  5-lobed, 
■eiTBted,  Teiny,  smoothtgh  Bbove,  but  clothed 
with  villous  tomeacum  beneath.  Rscemea  droop- 
ing, pubescent,  twice  the  length  of  the  leaves. 
Calyx  tubularly  campanulate,  with  oblong,  obtuse, 
spreading  segments,  exceeding  the  petals,  which 
are  red,  and  quite  entire.  Bracteas  obovatc-apa- 
thulat*.  Berries  turbinate,  bain'.  {Don'i  Mill.) 
A  large  branchy  smooth  shrub.  North-west  coast 
of  America,  in  rocky  aitufttions,  by  the  sides  of 
streams.  Height  4  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  lUStt. 
Flowers  deep  rose;  March  and  April.  Fruit  pur- 
plish, with  a  glaucous  bloom ;  ripe  in  August.         | 


Hort.  fraia.  Sd  ser.  vol.  i.  p.  476.,  S.  anguatum  Dougl  MS. 
(Our  Aj.  885.)— The  foliage  is  destitute  of  do*n,  and  slightly  vis- 
coua.     Tha  racemes  are  rather  larger  than  in  the  species,  and  tlie 


Sowers  are  of  a  very  pale  rose  colour.    This  variety 
a  month  before  the  species. 


■  R,  «.  3  vuUvdcevM.   S.  malv^um  BentA.  I.e.     (Oar fig.  866.) 
—  Leaves  rough  and  hispid  on  the  upper  side,  and   cjotned  ua- 
demeath  with  a  whitish  cottony  down.     The  racemes  of  flowers  ar« 
shorter  and  closer ;  and  each  Bower  is  almost  sessile  on  the  commMi 
stalk.     In  colour,  the  flowera  are  rather  darker  than  those  of  S.  s. 
glutindsum,  and  have  more  of  a  lilac  tinge. 
>  B.  f .  4  atro-riiberu  Hort.  —  Flowers  and  racemes  rather  smaller,  and 
of  a    much  deei>er  and   darker  red,   than  those   of   the   species. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
By  br  the  most  ornamental  species  of  the  genus.     It  v  easily  propagated, 
and  as  hardy  as  the  common  black  currant.     It  flowers  profusely ;  and,  com- 
ing into  bloom  earl^  in  the  season,  forms  the  moat  splendid  bush  to  be  seen 
in  British  shnibbenes,  from  the  middle  or  end  of  March  to  the  banning  or 
middle  of  Hay.     A  great  many  seeds  were  sent  over  by  Mr,  Douglas,  a  num- 
ber of  which  were  distributed  by  the  Horticultural  Society  i  and  the  plants 
produced  from  them  have  varied  in  the  colour  of  their  flowers,  lirom  pale  pmk  to 
deep  red.     The  plants,  also,  seed  freely  in  this  country  j  and  hence  a  puiuber 
of  varieties  have    been  originated   by  nurserymen,  independently  of  A.  s. 
inalvAceuni  and  B.  a.  gtutinosum,  which  differ  froip  the  apeciea,  not  only  in 
the  ahadci  of  colour  of  their  flowers,  but  also  in  their  leaves.     Ilie  variety 
which  has  the  dnrkcst-colouTed  flowers  'u  R.  a.  utro-rilbcns. 


XXXII.   GROSSULA^CE£ :    RI^BES, 


4S7 


48.  B.  a^ro-pvrpu'reum  Meyer.    The  dark-purple^oii;crcd  Currant. 

Identifieation,  Meyer  In  Led.  FI.  Roit.  Alt.  UL  t.  231. ;  Fl.  Alt.,  1.  p.  368. : 
l>on*iMiU.,S.p.  191.  .      r  I 

Bngraningt,  Led.  Fl.  Rou.  Alt.  III.,  t.  S31. :  cmrng  887.  from  a  llTing  plant 
in  the  Binnlngham  Botanic  Garden. ;  and^.  888.  firom  Ledebour. 

Spec.  Char.^  i^c.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  pu- 
bescent, nearly  orbicular,  cordate,  3 — 5- 
lobed;  lobes  acute,  serrated.  lUcenies 
drooping.  Pedicels  exceeding  the  bracteas. 
Calyxes  campanulate,  ciliated.  Berries 
glabrous,  and  oractless ;  dark  purple,  and 
ttie  flize  of  those  of  the  common  cur- 
rant. (Don's  Mill.)  An  upright  shrub. 
Altaia,  on  mountains  and  subalpine 
places  on  the  river  Ursal ;  and  also  at  the 
river  Tscharysch.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Flowers  deep  purple;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  dark  purple  ;  ripe  in  July. 

Varieties. 

A  R.  a.  1.  —  Flowers  deep  purple.    Leaves  rather  pubescent  beneath, 

but  smooth  and  glabrous  above,  as  well  as  the  branches. 
A  R.  a.  2. —  Leaves  rather  pubescent  beneath,  but  hispid  from  bristles 

above,  as  well  as  the  petioles  and  stems.    Found  near  the  river 

Vokcboi  Ul^men. 
A  R.  a.  3. — Flowers  paler.  Leaves  pubescent  above,  but  most  so  below. 

Branches  smooth. 


U8     Rm  Mro'pwpteSVBB* 


$  iv.  SymphScalyx  Dec. 

DerimUtoH,    From  aumphmo^  to  grow  together,  and  kakut  \  In  reference  to  the  a^alc  of  the  calyx 
of  the  tpeciet  belonging  to  thii  cecti<m. 

SecL  Char.    The  calyxes  tubular,  and  yellow.    The  racemes  many-flowered. 
Leaves  compassing  the  bud.     Unarmed  shrubs,  (Dec.  Prod.,  iii.  p.  483.) 

A  43.  R.  AU^BEUii  Pursh.    The  ^XAea^hwered  Currant. 

Idemt(flcaiiiM,    Purth  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  164. ;  Don'i  Mill.,&  p.  191. 
Sjnumifmtt.     R.  palmAtum  Detf.  C-  Hort.  PaHs. ;  Chrjiob6trya  reroldta  Spach, 
BngraomgM.  Berl.,  1.  c,  t.  2.  f.  23. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  135. ;  and  our^.  889. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Quite  elabrous.  Leaves  3-lobed ; 
lobes  divaricate,  with  a  few  deep  teeth,  shorter  than 
the  petioles,  which  are  ciliated  at  the  base.  Calyxes 
tubular,  longer  than  the  pedicels.  Tube  slender.  Seg- 
ments oblong,obtuse.  Petals  linear,  much  shorter  than 
the  calycine  segments.  Bracteas  linear,  length  of  the 
pedicels.  Style  entire.  Berries  slabrous.  Flowers 
golden  yellow.  Fruit  yellow,  seldom  black,  and  of 
an  exquisite  flavour.  (Don's  Mill.)  An  upright  branchy 
shrub,  which  "before  blowing  has  the  appearance  of  a 
species  of  CVatse^gus.  North-west  America,  in  light 
gravdly  soils,  from  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Colum- 
bia River  to  the  mountains,  and  on  the  southern 
branches.  Height  6  ft.  to  8fl.  Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May.  Fruit  yellow,  seldom  black ;  ripe  in 
August. 

Varieties. 

A  R.  a.  1  pnecom  Lindl.  in  Hort.  Trans.  viL  p.  242.  R.  fragrans  Lod. 
(Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1533.;  and  our^.  890.) — Flowers  earlier.  Leaves 
cuneated  at  the  base,  pubescent  beneath ;  lobes  deeply  serrated. 

I  I  4 


ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM, 

Berries  coinous, 
earlier,  tuiiwiate.  t 
Kacemes  bracteatc  ( 
■  R.  a.  9.  miidtum  Dec. 
IVod.  iii.  p.  483. 
R.  longifldrum  Fra- 
la't  Cat.  1913— 
Leaves   rather  tA- 

«  R.    fl.      3    terolinum 

Ltndl.l.  c,  and  our 

;^.  891,  — Flowers 

late.  Leaves  of  Tari- 

ous  forms,  smooth- 

iih    beneath  ;    lobes    deeply    eer- 

rated.  Berries  few,  late,  and  round 

in  shape.  Racemea  naked. 

All  the  fonns  of  this  species  are  highly  ornamental,  from  thdr  fine,  liu^, 

bright  ;eUo<T  flowen,  which  are  product  in  abundance;  and  thor  smooth, 

glassy,  yellowish  green  leaTcs,     The  plants  are,  alto,  more  truly  ligpeous,  and 

of  greater  duration,  than  those  of  most  other  species  of  Ribet,     Next  to  R. 

SBOguineum,  and  its  varieties,  they  merit  a  place  m  every  coUectioR. 

■  44.  R.  (a.)  tshviplo^ruh  Lm^.    The  slender- flowered  Currant. 


la  OMa  Bori.  Rip.  A. 


'Li^'a.;  'k.  ( 


p.  IS). 


Sptc.  Char^  ^c.  Unarmed,  quite  glabrous.  Leaves 
roundish,  3-lobed,  mealy  ;  lobes  bluntly  toothed 
at  the  apex.  Bacemes  pendulous,  many-flow- 
ered. C^lyx  tubular,  glabrous,  longer  than  the 
pedicels,  coloured.  Petals  quite  entire,  linear, 
one  half  shorter  than  the  segmeiits  of  the  calyx, 
whicb  are  oblong  and  obtuse.  Bracteas  linear, 
lenrth  of  the  pedicels.  Berries  glabrous.  (Don't 
MUl,')  An  upright  branchy  shrub.  North 
America,  on  the  rocky  tracts  of  the  Columbia, 
near  the  head  waters  of  the  Missouri.  Height 
6  ft.  U>  8  ft.  Introduced  in  ISIS.  Flowers  yel- 
low; April  and  May.  Fruit  purple  or  yellow  ; 
ripe  b  August. 
Varieliel. 

m  R.  (a.)  (.  1  Jr&clu  tdgrc. — Berries  changing  from  yellow  ta  red, 

finally  acquiring  a  deep  blackish  purple  colour. 
■  R.  (a.)  t.SJr&ctu  iuleo.  —  Fruit  yellow  j  always  retaining  the 

In  batnt,  this  species  is-  more  erect  than  B.  aureun 
wood  more  thinlyclothed  with  leaves;  its  wholeappearani 


I,  and  has  the  young 


: young 
.  , ,  also  paler,  durinK 

the  early  part  of  ihe  season.  The  flowers  are  not  more  than  haif  the  size  of 
K.  aureum ;  and  have  entire,  not  notched,  petals.  The  fruit  Is  about  the  sise 
of  the  red  cumnt,  of  an  agreeable  flavour,  but  possessing  little  acidity. 

*  4J.  R.  (*.)  fla'vum  CoO.     The  jellow-JloiBered CumnU 

Han.  lUpuL  Appmd.,  S.  p.*.  t  l.t.fi.;  Don'l  MtIL,  J.l 

:tT  EoL  Srg.  t  111.  but  not  of  Punb  ;  ChijMlKjIn'S  Inl 
:OTt.  lUpul.  Append.,  S.  p.  4.  t.  ].  r.  3.  [   uhI  aarjQt.  K 

Unarmcil,  quite  glabrous.    Young  leaves  Globed;  adult 


AUDD  Drif.  h 


zxxiiL  escallonwVb^ :  /'tea. 

ones     uiuall;     5Jobed, 
deeply    toothed,    about 
'    eoual  in  lenglh  to  Ae 
ciliated    petjdes.       Ra- 
cemea  short,  4— i-flow- 
-   ered.        Calyx     tubular, 
1  much  lonser  than  tbepe- 
'  dicels.       Tube     Hleoder, 
S^menta  rather  apathu- 
kte,  refleied.    Petals  ono 
nh  m.—~M^  ^^^  ahorter  tfaori  the  ca- 

lycine  tegmenta.  Bracteaa 
^ptic.  Berries  oblong,  glabroua.  Flowers  yellow, 
(Dmi't  MUl.)  An  upr^t  ahnib.  North  America. 
H^ht  6  ft.  to  B  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowera 
yellow  [  April  and  May.  Fruit  purple  or  yellow  j 
ripe  in  AuguBt. 

A  very  ornamental  apeciea,  of  vigorout  growth,  Gue 
shining  fbli^,  and  of  greater  duration  than  many 
apedes  of  B^f. 


Oeder  XXXIII.     ESCALLON/^CE^ 

OXD,  ChaB.  Cafyx  5-toothed.  Feiak  5,  ronnmg  a  tube  by  their  cohesion, 
finally  separating  ;  sstivation  imbricated.  Stament  definite.  Ditk  ^igynoua, 
Burrounduig  the  base  of  the  style.  Ovarium  2-celled,  containing  two  large 
placentas  in  the  aiis,  SUgma  S-lobed.  Capniie  crowned  by  the  calyx  and 
style,  dehiscing  at  the  beae.  Smli  numerous,  minute.  AlbumenoWy.  The 
cohering  petals,  oily  albumen,  and  situation  of  placentaa  separate  this  from 
Orossulanikces.  (G.  Hon.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  eisti^ulate,  deciduous  or  ereigreen  ;  lanceolate 
serrated  or  entire.  Floweri,  terminal  in  spikes  or  racemes. — Shrubs,  natives 
of  North  and  South  America,  of  which  two  genera  are  in  Britiah  gardens, 
which  are  thua  contradistioguiahed  :  — 


□ 


TTEA  t.    Tbb  Itba.    Lia.  Sytl.  Pentindria  Monog^nia. 

UflUMcrum.    Ud-O™.  m.;D«:.Frad..  «.|i.<.;  Qoa1HlU..).p.lM 

ainmmma     CdlrUl  Loir. ;  Dk»n*iigU  JAcli.  ,      , 

quick  tnwtti  of  Um  rtat  ilrgtnla. 

Gen.  Char.  Catyi  bell-shaped,  with  5  teeth,  persistenL  PetaU  5,  thdr  {esti- 
vation valvate.  Slamau  5,  ahorter  than  the  petals.  Both  petals  end  stamens 
inserted  upon  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Teeth  of  calyx,  Detals,  and  atamens, 
alternate  with  one  another.  Ovary  not  connate  with  the  caljj.  Slyle,  at 
first,  seemingly  one ;  afterwards  it  parts  into  two  portions  :  hence,  there  are 
nther  a  styles  connate.  Stigmat  capitate,  mostly  divided  by  a  furrow.  Car. 
pelt  two,  connate  into  a  capsule  of  9  cells,  that  has  8  fuirows,  and  parts 
from  baltom  to  top.  Seedi  in  two  rows  along  the  introflexed  mM;gin3  of  the 
carpels.  (Dec,  Prod.) 


\ 


490 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Leaoet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate^  deciduous ;  lanceolate,  toothed. 
Flowers  small,  white,  in  simple  terminal  racemes.  — A  shrub,  native  of 
North  America. 

tt  1.  /.  TiRGi^NiCA  L.    The  Virginian  Itea. 

Idmtiificatiom,    Lin.  Sp.,  189. ;  I>od*i  MUL.  &  p.  196. 

-  ■  N.  Du  Hiun.,  6.  t.  9. }  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  M09. ;  and  our 


Spec.  Char.,  4rc*    Leaves  lanceolate,  acutely  toothed. 
Racemes  simple,  terminal.  {Don*s  MiU,)    A  deci- 
duous shrub.     Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.    Height 
3  ft.  to  5  ft.     Introduced  in  1744.    Flowers  white ; 
June  to  August.   Carpels  brown  ;  ripe  in  October- 
It  may  be  propagated  by  cuttines,  but  more  rea- 
dily by  layers,  suckers,  or  seeds,  which  are  annually 
imported  from  America;  and  it  thrives  best  in  a 
sandy  or  peaty  soil,  kept  moist.    The  plant,  to  be 
kept  in  vigour,  should  have  the  old  wood  fre(]uently 
cut  down  to  the  ground.    When  grown  in  a  rituation 
that  is  rather  moist,  its  flowers  make  a  fine  appeal^ 
ance  late  in  the  season,  when  there  are  few  other 
shrubs  in  blossom. 

Genus  IL 


□ 


ESCALLO'Niil  Mutis.    The  Escallonia.    Lm.  SyU.  Pent&ndria 

Monogynia, 

Ideni^ficaUom.    MuUa  In  Lin.  fiL  Supp.,  t.  SI. ;  Dec.  Prod..  4.  p.  2. ;  Don*i  Mill.»  S.  p.  198. 

^nom^me.     Stere6»rl<m  Atrfs  et  Fem,  FL  Per.  Prod.  p.  M. 

Derhation,    From  JSwoZ/om,  Uie  piq>ll  and  oompanion  of  M utii,  during  hit  travelt  In  Nov  Spain. 

Gen.  Char.,  i^c.  Calvx  tube  semiglobose,  adnate  to  the  ovarium;  limb 
5-toothed  or  5-lobed.  Petalt  5,  arising  from  the  calyx.  Stamens  5  ;  an- 
thers ovate-oblong.  jS'itfgnta  peltate.  Stt/le  filiform,  permanent.  Capsule 
baccate.    Seeds  numerous.  (t>on*s  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-evergreen  ;  serrated  or  entire, 
fill!  of  resinous  glands.  Flowers  terminal,  bracteate,  variously  disposed, 
white  or  red.^ — Sub-evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  South  America,  more  espe- 
ciallv  of  Chili.  Propagated  with  the  greatest  ease  by  cuttings ;  and  growmg 
freely  in  any  common  soil. 

A  a  1.  £.  RU^BRA  Pers.    The  veA'flowered  Escallonia. 

IdaUificaiiom,    Pen.  Bncb.,  S.  p  SU. ;   Hook.  BoL  Mas.,  t.  9890.  \  and  Don's  IfUI.,  S.  pi  I9S. 
fiMMM^yme.    StereAzylon  rUurum  Rubi  et  Pmi. 
Sngnnrimgi.    Rois  eC  PaTon  Fl.  Per.,  8.  t.  S8S.  f.  b. ;   Bot  Mag. 
t  9890. ',  and  QwrJIg,  896. 

iS^pffc.  CAor.,  4rc.  Shrubs  smoothish ;  branches  erect, 
when  young  clothed  with  glandular  villi.  Leaves 
obovate-oblong,  acuminated,  serrated,  full  of  resin- 
ous dots  beneath.  Peduncles  2 — 7-fiowered,  brac- 
teate. Lobes  of  calyx  denticulated.  Petals  spadiu- 
late.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Chili, 
on  the  mountains  of  Colocolo,  and  in  the  fissures  of 
rocks,  and  about  Valparaiso.  Height  3  ft;,  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1827.  Flowers  red ;  July  to 
September.  soe.  s.  r&bn. 

Varieties.    In  the  Bot.  Misc.,  iii.  p.  252.,  three  forms  are  recorded  :  — 

m  m  E.  r.  1  glabnuscula  Hook,  et  Arn.,  with  glandular  branches,  lea.  ea 


xzxiii.  escallon/^Ve^  :  ebcallo^n/^.  491 

highly  pubescent,  and  red  flowera,  which  may  be  coaaidered  as  the 

■  ■  ETr.  S  dOi/Uni  Hook,  et  Am..  E.  glanduiosa  Bol.  Cab.  U  891., 

with  white  Sowen. 
A  «  £.  r.  3  ptAiuxnt  Hook,  et  Am.,  with  pubescent  brancheB,  and  red 

Very  desirable  ahrubs  for  truntng  against  a  wall. 

■  ■  2.   B.  nontbvidb'nsis  Dec.    The  Monte  ^^eo  Bscallonia. 


Sptc.  Ckar^ySic.  Shrub  glabrous.  Branches  erect.  Leaves 
oblong,  cuneated  at  the  base,  acutisfa,  finely  serrated,  full 
of  resinous  dots  beneath.  Panicle  terminal,  many-flow- 
ered, crowded,  intermixed  with  foliaceous  bracteas. 
Lobes  or  calyi  acute,  rather  denticulated.  Petals  obo- 
vate,  oblong.  {Drm'i  Mill.)  A  sub-e*ergreen  shrub. 
Brazil,  in  many  places,  but  especially  on  the  sandy  banks 
and  pastures  pf  the  Uruguay.  Height  6fL  to  lOil.  In- 
troduced in  1827.  Flowers  wlute,  very  like  those  of 
the  bawthom^  with  a  style  which  becomes  double  the 
length  of  the  ihiit  after  flowering  ;  July  to  Septemba. 
farirfy. 

mm  E.m.  SJInribinda,  E.  floribunda  H.  B.  el  Kunli,  ' 
is  a  native  of  New  Granada,  on  the  Andes,  with 
white  flowers,  and  shining  leaTes,  which  are  clammy 
when  young.     A  very  distinct  variety  considered 
by  some  as  a  species. 
"Rm  species  forms  a  remarkably  vigorous-growing  bush, 
with  long,  flexible,  rope-like  shoots,  and  is  very  prolific  in   ^ 
flowers.     It  is  M>  hard?  as  to  have  stood  through  several 
winters,  as  a  bush,  in  tne  open  ground  of  the  Kensington  Nursery,  though  il 
was  killed  by  the  wint^  of  1837-8. 

The  rarnished  Escallonia. 

1  DoD'iHlU.,  a.  p.ist. 
0.  1  »d  our  A-  sfe. 

^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Quite  glabrous.  Branches  spreading, 
anointed  with  resin.  Leaves  petiolotc,  obovate  or  ob- 
long obtuse,  crenulated,  attenuated  at  the  base,  beset 
with  ^andular  dots  above,  and  clammy.  Panicle  termi- 
nal, many-flowered,  leafv.  Petals  on  long  claws.  Cap- 
sule turbinate,  Jt-nervea.  (Dot^t  Mill.')  An  evergreen 
efarub.  Cbiti,attbe  streamlet  of  Los  Lunes.  Heights  ft, 
to  6  ft.  Introd.  1833.  Flowers  white ;  Aug.  and  Sept. 
The  whole  plant  emits  a  powerful  odour,  which  to  some 

persons  resembles  the  smell  of  swine,  and  to  others  that  of 

melilot  or  fenugreek.     One  of  the  hardiest  species  of  the 

genus,  and,  like  all  the  others,  well  deserving  a  place  in 

collections- 

O&er  Sjjedei  of  E4calidtaii.—E.  rerinoM  Pers,  Stere-  ^ 
dxyloD  resindsum  Btai  el  Pavon   (Ihn'i  MiU.,  va.  p.  M.),        ^^  ^  __,__^ 
is  ft  native  of  Peru,  on  the  cold  parts  of  hills,  which 
stood  out  at  Kew  for  five  years,  Ull  it  was  killed  by  the  winter  of  IS37-8 


492  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

E,  pulyenUenta  Pen.,  Stere6xylon  pulvenilentuin  Rua  el  Pav,,  is  a 
shrub,  hairy  in  every  part,  with  white  flowers ;  growing  to  the  height  of  8  or 
10  feet.  It  is  a  native  of  Chili ;  and  plants  of  it  were  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden  from  1831  till  1837-8.  Twenty  other  species  are  described 
in  Don's  Mitier,  iii.  p.  193.  to  p.  195.,  all  natives  of  South  America,  and  proba- 
bly as  hardy  as  those  above  mentioned  ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  any  of 
them  have  been  introduced. 


Order  XXXIV.    SAXIFRA^GE^, 

Tribe  HYDRA'NGE^. 

OjtD,  Char.  Calyx  4 — 5-parted.  Petals  5,  inserted  between  the  lobes  of  the 
calyx.  Stamens  5  or  10.  Disk  perigynous.  Owsrium  of  8  to  5  carpels. 
Stigmas  sessile.  FhtU  1— 8-celled.  Seeds  numerous,  minute.  Albumen 
fleuiy.  Absence  of  stipules  distingubhes  this  from  Aosaceae  and  Cunoni- 
cicea,  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  ezstipulate,  deciduous.  Flowers  in  Urge  co- 
rymbs, pink  or  white,  often  sterile. — Sufihiticose  shrubs,  natives  of  North 
America  and  Asia.  Easily  propagated  by  cuttings,  and  growing  freely  in  any 
soil  that  is  rather  moist. 

Genus  L 


jl'lJ 


HYDRA'NGEA  L,    The  Hydrangea.    Lhi.  SysL  Decdndria 

Di-Trigynia. 

IdemtificmUom,    Lin.  Gen.,  6S7.:  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  13. ;  Doii*i  Mia,  &  p.  US. 
Sumoti^mti,    HTdringea,  and  Hortfosfo  Jnu. ;  Idrangea,  JtaJL 

DerivaUim.    From  hudiir^  water,  and  <ugo»,  a  veuel ;  with  reference  to  tome  of  the  spedea  which 
grow  in  water ;  or,  as  lome  suppoie,  from  the  capsule  retembllng  a  cup. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  generally  deformed  ;  but  some  of  them  hermaphrodite 
and  fertile.  Calyx  tube  hembpherical,  10-ribbed,  rather  truncate, 
adnate  to  the  ovarium  ;  limb  permanent,  5-toothed.  Petals  5,  regular. 
Stamens  10.  Styles  2,  distinct.  Capsule  S^celled,  with  introflexed  valves, 
crowned  by  the  teeth  of  the  calyx  and  styles,  flattish  at  the  top,  opening  by 
a  hole  between  the  styles.    Seeds  numerous,  reticulated.  (Don*s  MUL) 

Leaves  sunple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  serratea  or  lobed.  Flouh' 
crs  corymbose,  pinx,  or  yellowish  white ;  the  mar^^inal  ones  sterile,  and 
lai^e,  in  consequence  of  the  teeth  of  the  calyx  heme  dilated  into  broad, 
petal-like-coloured  segments ;  the  rest  of  the  sterile  flower  partially  abor- 
tive. —  Shrubs,  natives  of  North  America  and  Asia. 

A.  Species  Natives  of  North  America^ 
A  1.  H.  arbore'scbns  L.    The  arborescent  Hydrangea. 

Idattj/lcaUom,    Un.  8p.,  p.  66& ;  Don's  M tlL,  S.  p.  SSS. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed. 

^mcmifmes.    H.  TUlgkris  MidkM,  FL  Sor,  Amer.  I.  p.  MS. ;  H.  frttt^soena 

Mtnuh  Meth,  1.  p.  loa 
Engraoimgt.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  4S7. ;  and  our  >^.  899. 

Spec.  Ckar,f  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  rather  cordate ;  superior 
ones  lanceolate,  coarseljT  toothed,  pale  and  puberulous 
beneath.  Corymbs  flattish.  Flowers  nearly  all  fertile. 
Flower  buds  obtuse.  Flowers  white,  small,  having  an 
agreeable  odour.  (Don*s  MUl,)     A  low  shrub.    I^nn- 


xxxiv.  £AxiFRA^oE£  :  hydra'hoea.  493 

Bflmda  to  Virginia.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  fl.    Introduced  in  1736.    Flowers 
whitf^  having  mi  agreeable  odour ;  JiAy  and  August 

m  H.a.  8  tUtcohr  8er.  in  Dec.  Prod.  4^  p.  14. — Leaves  almost  while 
iKnealh  from  tomentum. 
tt  prefers  a  moist  soil,  and  is  readily  propagated  b;  division  of  the  roots. 
.  !.  H.  (J.)  c 


^xc.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  broadlj  ovate,  acuminated, 
rather  conlate  at  the  base,  coarsely  toothed, 
glabrous  beneath.  Flowers  all  fertile  small, 
white,  and  sweet-scented.  (Don't  JUUI.)  A  low 
shrub,  Carolina,  on  mountains,  and  on  the  banLs 
of  the  Missouri,  above  8t.  Louis.  Height  6  ft  to 
6  ft  Introd.  in  1806.  Flowers  white ;  Julj,  Aug. 
Variety. 

m  H,  (a.)  c.  2  geirgica,  H,  ge6t|;ica  Lodd.  Cat., 

differs  from  the  species  in  flowering  a  little         ^^  „  Kiwrtw*. 
later,  and  brang  rather  jnore  robust. 
We  agree  with  Torrey,  in  thinking  this  merely  a  variety  of  H,  arbor^scens. 


,    W*U.I>asiir.Bmnt.U.i  iDiloarA.SOl, 
Spec.    C%ar.,   4^.       Leaves    cordate,  oval,    acuminated,  ^ 
sharply  toothed,  clothed  with  white  tomentum,  or  pu-  * 
bescence,  beneath.     Corymbs  flatdsh.    Sepals  of  sterile 
flowers    entire.       Flower  buds   depressed.      Flowers 
white,  rather  large.  (Dott'i  Mill.)    A.  low  suSrutescent 
shrub.      North   America,   on    Uie    Savannah     River. 
Hei^t  in  America  4ft.  to  6ft.;  in   England  2  ft.  to 
3  ft.     Litrod.  1786.    Flowers  white  i  July  and  August.         mi.  h.>i_. 
Variety. 

m  H.n.  2  elahilla  Ser.  in  Dec  Prod.  4.  p.  14. — Leaves  nearly  ^abrous 
benesui.     Flowers  all  fmile.     This  varie^  has,  probably,  originated 

■  4.  H.  ocEaciPo'LiA  Bartram,     The  Oak-leaved  Hydrangea. 


%iMnirt.    H.ndUUSMM/aiH  nd.l).,  botnotDf 
Bmtmlmtt.    Bot.llIl«..t.nS.|Uld  fflirj^.  soft 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  large,  ovate,  ser> 
rately  bbed,  and  toothed,  pilose  beneath. 
Corymbs  rather  panicled,  flattish.  Sepals 
of  sterile  flowers  entire.  Flower  buds 
depressed.  Flowers  white.  St^e,  or 
outer,  ones  of  the  corymbs  large.  (iJkni'f 
Mil.)  A  shrub.  Flonda.  HeiKht4ft. 
to  6  i\.  in  America ;  2  ft.  to  3  f1.  in  Eng. 
land.  Introduced  in  1803.  Plowem 
white ;  June  to  September. 
This  is  by  far  the  most  interesting  of  the 
North  American  hydrangeas,  fhjm  its  large, 
deeply  lobed,  and  nnuated  leaves ;  and  its 


494  ABBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANMICUM. 

fine,  large,  nearl;  white  corjmbi  of  Bovera,  which  are  itenle,  and  appear 
from  June  till  they  are  deatroved  by  froat.  Culture  aa  in  the  other  apecies  j 
but  it  ia  eaaentiair  that  the  situation  be  sheltered,  and  the  aoil  kept  aome- 
what  moiatiOtherwige  theleareaare  not  perfectly  developed,  and  the  branchea 
are  apt  to  be  broken  off  by  high  winda. 

B.  ^ciei  yathei  of  Ana. 
m  &.  H.  hbtbkomi'lli  D.  Bon.     The  divene-baired-JiMo«<f  Hydrangea. 

>r?llTS«l'»  Mm,  ».  p.  MB. 
EMgrathtt.    Our/f ,  JM.  (KU  ■  fpgdBHB  Ib 
|E«  LlDDvafi  htrblTtUTD. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.     Leavea  oral,  ocu- 


B  beneath,  5  in,  long,  and 
nearly  Sin.  broad.  Corymbs  ni- 
prs-decompound,  diffuse,  plow. 
Sepals  of  sterile  flowers  roundish 
oral,  quite  entire.  Flowers  white. 
(ZJon'j  MU.)  A  shrub.  Ne- 
pal,  at  Gossaintban.   Hei^t4ft, 


■  6.  H.  Ai,Ti'ss[HA  Wall.    The  tallest  Hydrangea. 

UnM/UaUfm.    WiL  Tent.  Fl.  Nap.,  1. 1.  M. ;  Don')  HLIL 
£iVr»A<|i.    Will.  I.  c,  (.  KLl  uti  our  JIg.SfA. 

Spec.  Char.,  ffc.  Leaves  orate,  acuminated, 
serrated,  smoothish.  Corymbs  flattiab.  St» 
rile  flowers  few,  on  pilase  pedunclea;  alabos- 
tra,  or  fertile  flowers,  conicaL  (Don't  MiU.) 
A  rambling  shrub,  which,  according  to  Dr. 
Royle,  climbs  lofty  trees.  Nepal,  on  mouc- 
taiag.  Height?.  Introduced  in  1S39.  Flow> 
ere  white ;  ?  July,  August. 

Other  AMcif*  of  Hgdringea. — H.  ffortenM 
Sieb.,  H.  tiort^DSiB  Smilh,  a  well-known  orna- 
ment of  cardens,  is  sufihitescent  and  hardy  in 
the  8,  oF  England.  Even  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don it  lives  in  sheltered  situations  in  the  open  ^^  „  ^uku^. 
garden,  because,  though  frequently  killed  to  the 

ground,  it  always  springs  up  again,  and  even  flowers.  —  H.  veilila  Wall., 
native  of  Nepal,  is  probably  as  lardy  as  H.  altfraima,  and  would  be  a  moi 
desirable  introduction. 


Order  XXXV.     UMBELLA'CE.^. 

Ohd.  Char.  Calyx  entire  or  toothed.  Pelah  5,  entire,  emarglnate,  or  S- 
lobed,  each  usually  drawn  out  into  a  replicated  or  involuted  point. 
Slament  5.  Oearium  g-celled.  Styla  2.  Frwt  of  2  separating  pcricarpa, 
adhering  bj  their  faces  to  the  carpophore.     Fruit  ribbed  or  winged.     Peri- 


XXXV.    UMDELLA^EiS:    J^UPLEU^RUM. 


495 


carps   1-seeded.  —  Habit  alone  is  sufficient  to    distinguish  this  order. 
(2>.  Dan,) 

Letwet  simple,  alteroate,  exstipulate,  ever]green  or  sub-evergreen  ;  quite 
entire.  Flowers  greenish  yellow.*- There  are  only  one  or  two  ligneous 
species  hardy  in  Britbh  gardens,  and  these  belong  to  the  genus  ^uplei^rum. 

Oenub  L 


□ 


^UPLEU^RUM  Tburn,    TBEBvvhBvnvM,  or  Hasi^s  Eak. 

Lm,  SysL  Pent&ndria  Dig^ia. 

/faNljKtaMtm.    Tourn.  Inst^  809. 1. 163. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  137. ;  Dod'i  Mill.,  8.  p.  996. 
^fmm^ma.    teabria  and  B\xpr%atl»  Spreng.  Syti.  1.  p.  88a ;  BupUore,  or  Oreille  de  Lldnre,  Fr,  \ 

HaaeiUAirUen,  Ger. 
DerivaWm.    From  Aovt,  an  ox,  and  oXranMi,  a  tide ;  from  the  luppoaed  quality  of  swelling  cattie 

that  feed  on  some  of  the  spedes  of  the  genua.    The  name  of  Hare's  Ear,  which  is  preserred  in  the 

French  az^  German,  has  reference  to  the  shape  of  the  leares. 

Gcji.  Char.  Calvx  margin  obsolete.  Petals  roundish,  entire,  strictly  involute, 
with  a  broad  retuse  point.  FrtM  compressed  from  the  sides.  Seed 
teretely  convex,  flattish  in  front.  (DorCs  Mill,} 

Leaves  as  in  the  order.  —  Smooth  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  Africa, 
and  some  of  Asia.  Only  one  hardy  species  is  in  cultivation  in  British  gardens. 

A  ii  1.  B,  FBUTico^UH  L,    The  shrubby  Bupleurum;  or  Hare's  Ear, 

IdaU^leation,    Un.  Sp.,  848. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  801. ;  Webb  Iter  Hlspan.,  p.  44. 

Sgrnrntrnta.    Teobria  frutiebsa  Sjpreng.  in  Semite*  Svtt,  &  p.  876. ;  Aiprfistis  flrttticdsa  ^^rtng. 

Mag. ;  Sfesdl  athUMcom  Bank,  Pirn,  161. ;  SHOi  trUtex  Mar.  Umb.  16. 
SngrawiiigM.    Sibth.  Fl.  Grsc  t.  W9. ;  Wats.  Dendr.  Brit.,  1. 14. ;  and  oarjlgt,  905.  and  906. 

jDDf  Spec,    Char,,  ^e.      Shrubby,    erect- 

w^  ..A       .A^lM^u^        branched.    Leaves  oblong,  attenu- 
Y  JBUBlt^SSS^      '^^^   ^  ^^®  base,   coriaceous,   1- 

neryed,  quite  entire,  sessile.  Leaves 
of  involucre  oblong.  Ribs  of  fruit 
elevated,  acute.  Vittse  broad.  Bark 
of  branches  purplish.  Leaves  of  a 
sea-green  colour.  (Don's  Mill,)  A 
neat  sub-ever^een  glaucous  shrub. 
Portugal,  Spam,  the  South  of  France, 
about  if  ice,  Corsica,  Sicily,  Mauri- 
tania, and  Thessalv.  Height  3  ft. 
to  4ft.  in  a  wild  state;  6ft.  in 
British  eardens.  Litroduced  in 
1596.  Flowers  yellow  ;  July  and 
August. 

It  is  readily  propa^ted  by  cuttmgs,  908.  B.tnZbmm, 
is  of  free  growth  m  any  dry  cal- 
careous soil,  and  is  particularly  vigorous  on  the  sea 
coast  in  Kent.  The  blue  glaucous  hue  of  its  smooth  shining  foliage  renders 
it  a  desirable  addition  to  every  collection.  If  planted  in  an  open  airy  situ- 
ation, in  a  deep  soil,  not  moist,  and  allowed  to  extend  itself  on  every  side,  it 
would  soon  form  a  large  hemisphaical  bush,  highly  ornamental  during  winter 
from  its  evergreen  foliage,  and  during  summer  from  its  bright  yellow  flowers. 

B.  Jrutescens  L.  (Cav.  Icon.,  ii.  1. 106. ;  and  our  jl^.  .  in  p.  .)  has 
slender  elongated  branches,  and  linear-subulate,  stiff,  striated  leaves.  It  is  a 
native  of  Mauritania  in  Spain,  and  also  at  Tarragona. 

B.  ffifrali&rica  Lam.  Diet.,  B,  arbor6scens  Jacq,  (Ic.  rar.,  ii.  t.  351. ;  and 
our ^.2094.  in  p.  1 108.)  grows  to  the  height  of  3  ft.,  and  has  fragrant  flowers. 


805.    B.  fraliobntii. 


496  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BHITANMCUM. 

Order  XXXVI.     ARALIA'CE^. 

Ord.  Chah.  Calyx  entire  or  toothed.  PetaU  5  or  10  ;  zstivadon  vdvote. 
Stamcnt  aame,  or  double  the  number  of  petals.  Antlien  peltate.  Ovarium 
of  2  or  more  cells;  cella  1-seeded.  Sf^M  aiuneroua,  usually  distuict.  Bern/ 
crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx.  Albumen  fleshy.  —  Differs  from  the 
Umbelikcoe  in  inflorescence,  numerous  styles,  and  baccate,  gen««lly  nwny- 
celled  fruit. 

Leavei  simple  or  compound,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  ev&rgreea  ; 
serrated  or  entire.     Flowert  small,  greenish. 
The  genera  belonging  to  this  order,  which  contain  ligneous  plants,  are 

Aralia  and  ifedera,  the  former  rather  suffhiticose  than  permanently  woody: 

their  characteristica  are  as  under ;  — 

Ara^ua  L.    Fetala  5.    Stamens  S.    Styles  6,  expanded.    Betr;  Swelled. 

Bs'Dxa.A  Swerti,  Petals  5— 10.  Stamens  a — 10.  Styles  5 — 10,  comiiviDg. 
Berry  5— l(M«lled. 


a 


UnUifiaaiim.    D.  Don  Prod.  Fl.  Nip.,  p  IS9^  fo  ■  Data  i  Hue.  Prod.,  4.  p.  »T. ;  Don'l  ] 

Sftontma.    AiUli  ip.  U*. ;  ArlUs  Tttm  Blum. 

Deriwaatm^    Accordlor  to  fonaft,  from  «-',  adddtvivOh  Che  wfiat*  twlog  very  tmubJcuci 

DDii  ipedfle  wu  lent  to  FflfOD,  it  Full)  irom  Quebec,  ia  1764,  bj  ddb  SutuId,  m  Fm 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  margin  very  short,  t 
uid  expanded  at  the  apex.  Stament  5.  , 
»lely.    Berry  ^..celled,  usually  toroae,     _ 

Leavei  compound,  imparipinnate,  slternace,  stipulate,  deciduous  j  large, 
rough.  Floiveri  white,  or  greenish;  in  umbels,  usually  disposed  in  panicles. 
—  SuAutescent  shrubs,  with  prickly  branches  and  leaves,  and  with  large 
pith.    Natives  of  North  America  and  Japan. 

■  1,  A.  SPiHo'sA  L.    The  spiny  Aralia,  or  Angelica  Tm. 

UauaaUan.     Lin.  So,  p. 
StriDon^i  H|ll..  S.  p.  M«.( 


mrjlg.  tm. 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.    Stem 
arboreous  and  prick- 
ly.     Leaves    doubly  | 
and   trebly   pinnate.  | 
Leaflets  ovate,  acu- 
minated, and  deeply 
serrated.         Panicle  ' 
much  branched,  bcaet 


XXXVI.    ARALlA^CEiE  :    HE'DEKAm  497 

merous.  Involucre  small,  of  few  leaves.  Petals  white  and  reflexed.  Styles 
5,  divaricate,  arched.  Fruit  5-ribbed.  (fiofCt  Mill,)  An  erect  suffiiites- 
cent  plant,  with  the  habit  of  a  tree.  Carolina  and  Virp;inia,  in  low,  fertile, 
moist  woods.  Height  10  ft.  to  12ft.  Introduced  m  1688.  Flowers 
greenish  white ;  August  and  September. 

An  infusion  of  the  fruit,  in  wine  or  spirit,  is  considered  an  effectual  cure  for 
the  rheumatism.  In  British  gardens,  this  species  is  propagated  by  cuttings  of 
the  roots  ;  and,  from  its  Jarge  doubly  and  trebly  pinnate  leaves,  it  forms  a 
singularly  ornamental  plant,  with  a  spreading,  umbrella-like  head,  when  stand- 
ing singly  on  a  lawn.  After  the  plant  flowers,  the  stem  commonly  dies  down 
to  the  ground,  like  that  of  the  raspberry,  and,  like  it,  is  succeeded  by  suckers. 
Pursh  **  mentions  a  variety  in  which  the  petioles  of  the  leaves  are  without 
prickles." 

A  2.  A.  JAPo^NiCA  Thunb.     The  Japan  Aralia. 

Ideni(fleaiiim,     Thunb.  Jap.,  p.  ISB. ;  Bltime  BUdr.,  p.  871. ;  Don*t  Mill.,  8.  p.  889. 
Engraomg.    (huJIg.VB} .  In  p.]  107* 

Spec.  Char,y  ^c.  Stem  shrubby,  unarmed.  Leaves  petiolate,  7-nervcd,  7-lobed  $ 
lobes  ovate,  serrated  at  the  aoex.  Panicles  terminal.  Peduncles  umbel- 
liferous. Leaves  coriaceous,  glabrous  in  the  adult  state,  but  when  young 
wooUv  on  both  sur&ces.  (Don*s  AGU,)  A  suffiutescent  erect  shrub.  Japan^ 
near  Nagasaki.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  white. 
Fruit  striated. 

Genus  11/ 


HEDERA  Swartx.    The  Iyy.    Lm.  Sytt,  Pent-Dec&ndria,  and  Pent- 

Decag/nia. 

Jdemt^fleaikm.    Swarts  Fl.  Ind.  Ooc.,  p.  S81. ;  Dee.  Prod,  4.  p.  961. ;  Don*f  Mill,  8.  p.  891. 
Sffnonifmes,    ArftUa  sect.  Gymnteterum  Blum,  B^r.  p.  871. ;  J^Mera  and  Arilla  sp.  JM». ;  Llem, 

Fr. ;  Epban,  Oer.\  Edera.  lUU. 
Derivatiom,    Variona  e^rmologlM  have  been  propoaed  for  the  word  flMera ;  but  the  moft  probable 

iuppotltioa  appean  to  be.  tbat  it  !•  derived  Arom  the  Celtic  word  kedira,  a  cord.    The  EngUth 

word  Itj  it  derived  from  tne  Celtic  word,  ite,  green.    . 

Gen,  Char,  Caltfx  margin  elevated  or  toothed.  Petalt  5 — 10,  not  cohering 
at  the  apex  in  the  form  of  a  calyptra.  Siameru  5—10.  Sfvles  5—10,  con- 
niving, or  joined  in  one.     Beny  5— 10-celled.  (Don't  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  lobed.  Flowers  umbellate 
or  capitate.    Fruit  dark  purple,  or  black. 

Evergreen  shrubs,  climbing  by  the  clasping  roots  produced  by  their  stems, 
or  creeping  on  the  ground  when  without  support.  Natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

t,  1.  ^.  HjB>Lix  L.    The  common  hry. 

IdenSifteaaon,    Lhi.  Sp.,  W. ;  Dec.  Prod. ,  4*  P-  961. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  801 . 
Derwatioik,    miix  is  deriTed  from  eOeo,  to  encompass,  or  turn  round ;  in  reference  to  the  clasping 
stems,  which,  however,  are  not  twining. 

S^c,  Char.,  S^c.  Stems  climbing,  throwing  out  roots  ftom^  their  sides  to  any 
object  next  which  they  may  be  placed.  Leaves  coriaceous,  glabrous, 
shming,  with  5  angular  lobes  $  those  on  the  old  upright  and  rectangular 
branches,  which  form  the  tops  of  the  plants,  ovate,  acute,  quite  entire. 
Umbels  simple,  pubescent.  {UofCs  Mill,)  A  well-known  evergreen  climber 
and  creq)er.  Europe  and  Britain,  in  woods.  Stem  SO  ft.  to  60  ft.  Flowers 
peenish  yellow,  or  greenish  ;  October  and  November.  Fruit  black  ;  ripe 
m  April. 

Varieties,  DeCandoUe  has  enumerated  three  forms  of  this  species  which  are 
independent  of  the  varieties  cultivated  in  "British  gardens :  — 

K  K 


3  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTtCETUH    BRITANNtCUBI. 

1.  H.  H.  1  tm^arii  Dec.  (Eng.  Bot.,  t  1867.  ; 
and  our  Jig.  906.)  has  the  pedicela 
clothed  with  stellate  down,  and  tne  fruit 
black.  This  is  the  commoneat  form  of 
the  ivy,  throughout  Europe,  in  a  wild 
atat«;  and  there  are  varietiea  of  it  with 
white  and  yellow  vari^ated  leave*,  ia 


i.  KH.  ! 


r  Dec.  i  ff.  e 
Wm.  BtTol.  Mag.  ii.  p.  170.  t.  5.  f.  1. ; 
the  Irish  Ivy,  or  Giant  Iry,  of  British 
garden*;  has  the  pedicels  scaly  with  pu- 
bescence. Floral  leaves  subcordate  ; 
those  of  the  creeping  branches  5-lobed 
and  larger  than  those  of  the  common 

ivy.     Fruit   ?  red,   or  black.      Canary  I 

Islands.  Introduced  in  ?  ISOO, or  before.  ^^  s  h  nJiM. 

L  H.  H.  ?  3  chruioc^rpa.  Dec,   H.  po^ca 

C.  BauJl.,  Ii,   chrysocArpoa  DaUch.,    H.  Dionjaias  J.  Bavh.,   H. 
//elii  WaU.,  is  a  native  of  the  North  of  India,  with  yellow   fruit. 
It  differs  from  the  common  ivy  in  its  yellow  fruit,  and  in  being  of 
more  gigantic  growth ;  in  the  leavea  being  more  cuneated  at  the 
base;  and  in  the  pedicels  being  scaly.     Hort.  Society's  Gardo). 
The  Varietiei  to  BrilUh  Gardau,  additional  to  the  above,  are :  — 
L  H.  H.  4  filiu  arginiat  Lodd.  Cat.     Tlie  ^Bfr-striped  Ivy. 
L  H.  H.  5  /Jfi»  o£™  Lodd.  CaL    TU  GcWm-striped  /ty. 
i-  H.  H.  6  (^tata  Lodd.  Cat.    Thep^aate,  at  Hand-shaped,  Ivy. 
*-  H.  U.  7  arbm-iicau  Lodd.  Cat,     The  arhamcenl,  or  Tree,  Ivg. — TWs 
variation  is  merely  an  extension  of  the  flowering  shoots,  which  are 
entire-lesved,  and  take  an  arborescent  character ;  and,  when  a  portion 
oftlien  is  cut  o^  and  has  rooted  as  a  separate  plant,  it  will  lometinies 
produce  an  upright  bush,  which  will  retain  its  aiborescent  fonn  for 
many  years.     Sooner  or  later,  however,  it  resumes  its  native  habit, 
and  throws  out  rambling,  or  creqnng,  shoots,  with  S4obed  leavea 
like  the  common  ivy. 
A  variety  with  white  berries  is  mentioned  by  Tbe<^hrastus,  Pliny,  Vugil, 
and  Dioscorides. 

He  ivy  will  grow  in  any  soil  or  situation,  but  thrives  best  when  somewhat 
shaded.  The  common  British  vaiiety,  and  its  sub-varietiet,  are  the  beat 
kinds  for  su[q)orting  themselves  on  walls,  especially  when  young;  at  which 
period  the  pant  i*y  seldom  throws  out  rootlets,  thoi^  it  does  so  subsequently. 


Order  XXXVII.     flAMAMELIDAM::E.ffi. 

Okd  Chab.  CaU/x  4-lobed  or  repandly  toothed.  Pelalt  4,  linear,  rardj 
wanting ;  estivation  involutely  valvate.  Siavum  8,  short,  those  opposite 
the  petals  barren.  Ooarivm  half-inferior.  Styiei  2—^  Capiule  &«elled, 
2-vBived.  Ovulei  USd.  A&umen  homy.  Ttie  flowers  are  Bometimes  dioe- 
cious, and  Bometiuiea  polygamous.  (G,  Don.) 

Leaoet   simple,  alternate,  bistipulate,  deciduous  ;   toothed  or  serrated. 
f^ioert  yellov  or  white. —  Shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  AmericaL. 

HuMKM.t.'ws  L.  Calyx  i-lobed,  furnished  with  S — 4  scales  outside.  Capsule 
coriaceous,  S-celleiC 

Fothbboi'li~4  L.  Calyx  campanulate,  5 — 7-toothed.  Anthers  in  the  form 
of  B  horseshoe.     Capsule  K4obed,  2<celled. 


XXXVII.   iTAMAHELIDA'CEf :    fAMAUE^LIB. 


lal 


UlmOa);  Colli  ba 

Gen.  C/tar.  CahiK  4-lobe(),  adhering  to  the  ovarium  at  the  base,  fimwhed 
with  S— 3  scales  on  the  outmde.  Pdalt  4,  long,  alternating  witli  the  teeth 
of  the  calyx.  Stameru  4,  Bitemating  with  the  petsb.  Otimiam  free  at  the 
apex.  Ciq>iula  coriaceous,  2-cdi^,  8-valved.  Ariii  i  in  each  capmile. 
Setd  oblong,  shining.  (Don't  lUiii.) 

Leavei  simple,  alumate,  tristipulate,  deciduous  ;  ovBte  or  cuneated, 
feather-nerred,  oearlj  entire.  Ftoweri  nearly  sessile,  disposed  in  clusters, 
in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  girded  by  a  S-leaved  involucrum.  PelaU 
fdlow. —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous  j  natives  of  North  America  i 
interesting  from  producing  their  flowers  in  the  autumn,  which  remain  on 
during  the  winter. 
■  X  1.  iT.  virgi'nica  L.     The  Virginian  Hamunelis,  or  Wych  Hiael. 

ttcnlVcBtlm.    Dh.  Prod.,  4.  p.  Ka.  i  Don'i  HIU.,  S.  p.  »&  :  Lodd.  CU,  ai.  ISM. 

Smomikj.  HiBuieUg  da  Vlnlato,  Fr.  i  Viriiiilielia  Zuibamoia,  Gtr. ;  Flnaedilo  nert  dalla 
VlrgMU,  Hal. 

Xiytw^i.  N,  Do  Hbh.,  1.\.mt.\  Bot.  Cub.,  t.  IM.  j  md  vaijlt.  wa. 

^ee.  Chitr.,  S/c.  Leaves  obovate,  acutdy  toothed,  with 
a  imail  cordate  recess  at  the  base.  fZJon'i  JUiU.)  A 
deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida;  in  dry  and 
stony  rituations,  but  frequently  near  water.  He^t 
SO  ft.  to  30  ft.  with  a  trunk  6  in.  or  more  in  £a- 
meter.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  yellow ;  be- 
ginning of  October  to  the  end  of  February. 

Farietiei. 

A  I  H.  c,  8  parvijolia  Nutc.  —  Leaves  smaller,  ob- 
long ovate,  and  a  more  stunted  habit  than  ,, 
the  species.  Pennsylvania,  on  mounttuns.  In 
British  gardens,  when  planted  in  peat  soil,  this 
forms  a  verv  handsome  little  shrub  i  and  is 
peculiarly  valuable  from  being  dens^y  covered 
with  flne  yellow  flowers  throughout  tne  winter. 

—  Leaves  nearly  orUcular,  cordate,  coarsely  "s-  '-  -kihiM, 

and  bluntly  toothed,  and  scabrous  from  dots  beneath.      Western 
part  of  Oeor^  and  North  CaroUna,  on  the  Eatawbs  Mountains. 
Introducetl  in  181S,  and  flowers  from  May  to  November. 
In  British  gardens,  it  has  been  but  little  cultivated,  notwithstanding  the  sin- 
gularity of  ita  appearance  in  autumn  and  winter ;  when  it  is  profusely  covered 
with  its  fine  ricn  yellow  flowers,  which  b^n  to  expand  before  the  leaves  of 
the  previous  summer  drop  off,  and  contmue  on  the   bush  throughout   the 
winter.     After  the  pettUs  drop  off  in  spring,  the  persistent  calyxes  remain  on 
till  the  leaves  reappear  in  April  or  Hay.     It  will  grow  in  any  light  free  soil, 
kept  rather  moist;  and  it  is  propagated  by  layers  and  by  seeds;  which  last, 
though  rar^  produced  in  Brilun,  are  frequently  sent  to  this  country  from 
Amwica-     laey  ought  to  be  sown  immediately  on  being  recnved,  as  they  are 
often  two  years  before  they  come  up. 


ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUH   BRITAtiMICDU. 


□ 


POTHEROI'LL^  L.    Thb  Fotherqilla.    Lm.  Si/il.  Icos&ndria  IMg^nia. 
D<m-i  HUl.,  y  p.  wr. 

'.  phnldfln  ud  patroD  ot  boUnr*  wbo 
lectJOD  la  bli  iioundi.  ■!  Hub  Houac, 


Gm.  CAor.  CWgu  campanulate,  adbering  to  the  ovarium  at  the  base,  some- 
what truncate,  with  5 — 7  callous  subrEpanJ  teeth.  Pelalt  wanting.  Slinaeni 
about  2&.  Stylet  2.  Captule  adnate  to  (he  base  of  the  calyx,  24obefI, 
S-celled,  1-aeeded.     Seed  boay.  {Don'i  Mill.) 

Leapei  aimple,  alternate,  bistipulate,  deciduouB  j  feather-nerved,  clothed 
with  soft  Starr]'  down.  Flowcrt  vhite,  sireet-scented,  sessile,  anthen 
yellow ;  in  terminal  ovate  spikes,  having  a  solii^y  bractea  under  each 
flower ;  those  bracteaa  at  the  base  of  the  spike  are  trifid,  and  those  at  its 
apex  are  nearly  entire. 
Shrubs,  deciduous,  of  which  there  is  only  one  s[>ecies,  but  sevenJ  vaiieriea. 

Ifattves  of  North  America. 

■  1.  F.  A.NiFo^iA  L.     The  Alder-Ieared  Fothergilla. 

limMaitioll.    Lin.  11.  Suppl.,  tS7.  t  Doc.  Pnd,  i.  p.  Ms.  ;  Don'i  urn.,  1.  p.  S9T. 
Sfmmn.    F.  0<rd«l(  Hlclll.   Fl.  Bor.  Anur..  L.  p. 813.;   HiaBMatiiinuinala  Lim,a  SmUi  bi 
Hia-1  CtlL  nl.  ikU. 

Spec.  CAar.,  ^c.  See  the  generic  cliaracter.  Tlie  flowers,  which  are  white 
and  sweet-scented,  appear  before  the  leaves  ;  the  latter  resemblino  those  of 
the  wych  hazel.  A  low  deciduous  bush.  North  America,  Vii^jmia  to 
Carolina,  in  shady  woods  on  the  Bides  of  hills.  Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1765.  Flowers  white,  sweet4cenced  ;  April  and  May. 
Vttrieliet,     The  followiug  are  very  distinct :  — 

•  JP.  a.   1  obtma  Suns  Bot.  Mag.  t.  13*1,  Pursh  Sept.  I.  p.  335. ;  F. 
major  Bot.  Cab.    t.  1520. ;  P. 
olnifdlia  Lm.  fit.  Supp.  251. ; 
and  our^.  910. ;  has  obovete 
leaves,  downy  beneath. 
■  f.a.2>7cuf>iSiinE,  Pursh  Sept. 1.  , 
p.335.;  F.  0£rdentJBcq.Icon.   ' 
rar.     t.  100.    (Bot.   Cab,     t.   ' 
1507.),     has    narrow    leaves, 
nearly  entire,  white  from  down 
beneath,  ^ 

*  F.  a.  3  miijor  Sims  Bot.  Mag. 
t.  1342.,  Pursh  Sept.  I. 
p.  335.  (Bot.  Cab.,  t.  1520.  i 
and  our  j!^.  Etll.)  has  leaves  , 
ovate-oblong,  somewhat  cor- 
date at  the  base,  very  black  and 
serrated  at  the  apex  j  when 
young,  tomentose  beneath. 

In  British  gardens  the  fbthergitlas  thrive  best  in  moist  sandy  peat.  They 
are  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  sometimes  ripened  in  this  country,  but 
are  generdly  received  from  America.  The  varieties  are  increased  by  layers. 
The  fothergillas  are  luiturall^  somewhat  tender,  and  though  not  impatient  of 
told,  yet  they  are  easily  injured  by  the  proximity  of  other  trees  or  bushes, 
tnd  by  excessive  drought  or  perpetual  m™"*"" 


\^'*i^ 


^xxviii.  coRMACEf:  co'asuB.  501 

Order  XXXVIII.    CORNA'CE^. 

OXD.  Char.  Cafyi  4-lobed.  Felali  4;  sesUTHtion  Tslvate.  ^ametu  i. 
Style  filiform.  Stigma  simple.  Dnipe  baccate,  encloiing  &  2-celled  nut. 
Seedt  solitary  in  the  cells.  Albumen  Refihy. — Diflers  from  ^prifotiaccs  tribe 
Stalbutxm,  in  the  polj'petalous  corolU  and  drupaceous  fruit.  (G.  Don,') 

Leacei  liniple,  opposite,  rarely  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous,  or 
Bub«Tergreen ;  ovate  or  othI,  entire.  fZouvri  white  or  yellowish.  —  Shrubs 
or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

Co'»SVB  L.     Flowers  in  cymes.     Stamens  4.     Style  1.     Pome  baccate. 

Bbktba^h/.^  Lindl.  Flowers  disposed  in  involucrated  heads.  Fruit  con- 
stituted of  many  pomes  grown  together. 

Genus  I. 


HSLd 


POTINUS  L.     Thb  Dogwood.     Lm.  Syil.  Tetiindiia  Monog^nia. 
I  Dae.  FmL,  1.  p.  !fl. ;  Don'i  Mm.,  S.  p.  ax. 
A,  Oct.  1  Conlala,  Hal. 

^..-^.-^.w. ^- , , .Food  boUA  Ihoogbt  to  be  n  hvd«nd  u  dunbis  u  hom- 

HutiUEd  ilsnlfin  hard  nil,  or  bird  waxL    Tfas  tuisb  of  Dorvood  li  ■pplled  to  thla  genua, 
btcauia,  m  FarklnKO  un.  In  hli  ParatiMiu,  tlie  (tidl  of  rooit  oT  Itie  iptcTa  li  not  111  nren  for 

iHTta,  I  dscoctlon  of  vbkdi  wufonnarlr  UHd  ui  vMb  An  curiiii  the  mingB,  Ac..  Indogi, 
Gen.   Char.     Cali/x  tube  adhering  to  the  ovarium  ;   lunb  edibU,  4-toothed. 
PetaU  4,  oblone,  aessile,  valvate  In  eestivation.    Slaraent  4.   Style  I.    Drupe 
baccate,  marked  by  the  vestiges  of  the  calyx,  containing  a  K-celled,  rarely 
3-ceIled  nucleus.     Setdt  solitary,  pendulous.  (Don'i  Mtu.) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  except  in  C,  altemifSlia,  exstipulate,  dedduous  ; 
entire,  featber-Derved,  Flmeert  sometimes  capitate  and  umbellate,  involu- 
crated; sometimes  corrmbose  and  paniclcd,  without  involucra.  Petalt 
white,  rardy  yellow.  —  Trees  under  the  middle  size,  and  shrubs,  dedduous ; 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Most  of  the  Epedes  ripen  their  firuit  in  England  ;  but  they  are  usually  pro- 
pagated by  sucKers,  or  by  layers  or  cuttings.  The  wood  of  all  the  species 
makes  the  very  best  charco^.  Common  soil,  and  most  of  [he  species  will 
thrive  in  the  shade  of  other  trees. 

$  i,  Nudiflbrce  Dec. 

DirfHIfH.    From  anAu,  D>k«d,  ud  JIa,  ■  ttower ;  tha  InSotei- 


A.  Leavei  lUtemale, 

k  t   1.  C.  ALtbrnifdYi*  £.     The  alternate-leaved 
Dogwood. 

.  m.  Suppl.,  p.  lU.  i  L'HtrIL  Com..  I 
lir'j%.  Bl™'"'  "    ■•  ■      • 

I^Kc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  alternate,  ovate,  acute, 
hoary  beneath.  Corymbs  depressed,  spreading 
Branches  waned.  Pomes  purple,  globose,  about 
the  size  of  a  erain  of  pepper.  Leaves  on  ' 
petioles.  Bran^es  green  or  reddish  brown.  (. 


502  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

ilit//.)  A  smooth  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree,  l^orth  America,  from 
Canada  to  Carolina,  in  shady  woods  on  river  banks.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1760.  Flowers  white ;  May  to  July,  rruit  purple ;  ripe 
in  October.  Decaying  leaves  reddish  yellow.  Naked  young  wood  green- 
ish or  reddish  brown. 

This  species  is  easily  known  from  every  other,  even  at  a  distance,  by  the 
horizontal  umbelliferous  character  assumed  by  the  branches,  which  are  also 
dichotomous,  with  clusters  of  leaves  at  the  joints ;  and  the  general  colour 
is  that  of  a  lively  green.  The  leaves  are  generally  alternate,  but  not  unfre- 
quently  opposite. 

B.  Leaves  oppotUe, 
A  2.  C.  SANGUi^NBA  L.    The  hXoodi^edUeavedt  or  common^  Dogwood. 

IdetOifieaUam,    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  171. ;  Don's  MiU.,  S.  p.  899.  j  Lodd.  Cat.  edit  isaes. 

S^onumn.    C.  foe'nilna  Raii^fn»^0. ;  Vim  sangulnea  Matth,  raiar,  1.  p.  236. ;   Female  Cor- 
nel Juogberrj  Tree,  Hound  Iree,  Hoond'tHberrr  Tree.  Prickwood,  Gaten  or  Gatten  Tree,  Geter 
or  Getter  Tree,  Catteridge  Tree,  wild  Cornel ;  ComooiUer  sanrage,  aangidn,  or  femella^  Puhie 
or  Bolfi  ponals,  Fr. ;  rather  Hartrlegel,  Ger. ;  SangolneUo,  liaL 

Derivation.  This  ipeciet  is  called  fce^ina,  and  Female  Cornel,  because  it  bean  fruit  vhen  rery 
joung ;  whereas  dSmus  mis  produces  male  blossons  only  till  the  tree  Is  16  or  90  years  old.  VfTga 
sangoinen  Is  literally  the  bloody  twig,  alluding  to  the  colour  of  the  shoots,  though  ther  are  not 
nearly  so  red  as  those  of  Oftrnus  fclbe.  The  names  of  Dogberry  T^ree,  Hound  Tree,  Ac,  arise 
from  the  same  source  as  Dogwood.  (See  abore;)  Prickwood  alludes  to  the  use  of  the  wood  for 
skewers ;  G^en  Tree  is  a  corruption  of  Oatr  Irvow,  the  Saxon  name  for  this  specfaw  {  or,  as 
some  suppose,  it  is  derired  trom  gatftOt  the  Spanish  word  for  a  pipe,  the  wood  of  this  tree  being 
more  hollow,  or  fUIl  of  pith,  than  that  of  C,  mis.  Catteridge,  ana  all  the  otiter  somewhtf  similar 
names,  are  derired  ftrom  Gaten.  Chaucer  calls  the  fhiit  Gaitres  berries,  eiifdenUy  firom  the  same 
origin.    The  French  names  of  Pulne,  and  Bols  ptinais,  bug- wood,  are  Arom  the  strong  and  nn- 1 

Sieasant  smell  of  the  bark  and  leares :  and  also  because  a  decoction  of  Umb  fonns  a  wash  to 
estroy  bugs.    Bother  Hartrlegel  signlflcs  red  hard  rail,  or  red  hard  wood. 
BngrmviHgt,    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  849. ;  Fl.  Dan.,t  481. ;  M.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  44. ;  and  oor;^.  918. 

Spec,  Ouar.^  ^c,  Bracteas  straight.  Leaves  ovate,  acute, 
smooth  and  green  on  both  sur&ces.  Ck>rymbs  flat. 
Branches  of  a  dark  red  when  full  grown.  Leaves  2 
to  3  in.  long.  Flowers  greenish  white,  unpleasantly 
scented.  Petals  revolute  at  the  sides.  Fruit  dark 
purple,  and  very  bitter.  (Don's  MUL)  A  large  shrub. 
Europe  and  the  North  of  Africa,  in  hedges  and  thickets, 
e8i)ecially  on  a  chalk  and  limestone  soil ;  plentiful  in 
Britain,  m  like  situations ;  and  also  said  to  grow  in 
North  America,  near  the  lakes  of  Canada  and  near 
New  York;    but    it  has  probably  been  introduced 

there.    Height  4  ft.  to  15  ft.    Flowers  white ;  June.  

Fruit  dark  purple;  ripe  in  August  and  September.        sis.  c.taagwum. 
Decaying  leaves  deep  red.    Naked  young  wood  green. 

Varieties, 

A  C.  s,  2  P&rshu  DorCs  Mill,  3.  p.  399. ;  C,  sangulnea  Pursh^  Schmidt 
Baum,  2.  t.  66. ;  has  the  flowers  with  yellow  anthers,  and  the 
berries  a  dark  brown.  Lakes  of  Canada,  and  near  New  York;  and 
only  differs  from  the  C  sanguinea  of  Europe  in  having  the  leaves 
pubescent,  and  in  being  of  larger  stature. 

A  C.  s,  *6  Joins  variegdtis  Lodd.  Cat.  has  the  leaves  variegated  with  white 
and  yellow,  and  occasional  streaks  of  red.  A  plant  lately  received 
into  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection,  named  C  candidfssima  fol.  var., 
appears,  from  the  leaves,  to  be  identical  with  this  variety.  C,  can- 
didissinia,  in  the  same  collection,  appears  from  its  leaves  to  be 
nothing  more  than  C,  sanguinea. 

One  of  the  commonest  shrubs  in  old  slirubberies  ;  and  easily  known  from 
all  the  other  kinds  of  C6mus  by  the  abundance  of  its  dark  purple  fruit,  and 
the  intensely  dark  red  of  its  leaves  before  they  drop  off"  in  autunm.  It  is  from 
this  last  circumstance,  we  suppose,  that  the  specific  name  of  sanguinea  has 
been  given  to  it,  though  it  is  much  more  obviously  applicable  to  C  41ba,  on 
account  of  the  redness  of  its  shoots.    C,  purp^ea  would  be  a  much  better 


xxsviii.  coRHA^CRX.  1  co'bkus.  503 

name  aa  roDtraated  with  C,  &]be,  both  names  tpplying  to  the  firuit.  The  wood, 
which  is  bard,  thoiwh  not  nearly  ao  much  so  aa  that  of  C6rniu  ni&a,  wm 
fomterlj'  used  feu*  mill-coca,  and  for  vaiioua  purposea  in  rustic  carpentrj';  md 
it  still  makes  escellent  skewers  for  butchers,  toothpicks,  and  similar  arddea. 
The  bark  tastes  like  apples. 

•  3.  C.  a'lba  L.    The  white^/Hotnf  Dogwood. 
.11,40.1  !><"'■  iau.,s.s.ns. 

itMt.  Ft.  Bar.  Jmtr.  f .  p.  109. ;  C.  UtUcm  MM.  le 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  ,  Brauches  recurved.     Branchlets 

glabrous.     Leaves  orate,  acute,  pubescent,  hoary 

beneath.     Corymbs   depressed.    Branches  of  a 

fine  red  colour.     Fruit  white,  or  bluish   white. 

(Don'i  Miil.)    A  lai^e  shrub.     Siberia,  at  the 

lifers   Oby   and    Irtysch,   among   bushes,   Stc. ; 

North  America,  front  Virginia  to  Canada,  on  the 

banks  of  rivers  and  lakes ;   and  also  in  North 

California.    Hei^t  4ft.  to  10ft.    Introduced  in 

1741.      Flowers    white;    May  to  July.      Fruit 

white  or  bluish  white ;  ripe  in  September.     De- 
caying leaves  red  or   reddish   yellow.       Naked 

young  wood  intensely  red  or  coral  colour. 
VaneSe*. 

«  C.  a.  2  aranaia  Don's  MiU.  iii.  p.  399.,  C.  

circinita  Cham,  ef  SchkdU.  in  Linmfa  iii. 

LI39.,  has  the  berries  of  a  lead  colour.     Throughout  Canada,  and 
m  Lake  Huron  to  lat.  69°  tt. 
a  C.  d.  3  libbica   Lodd.  Cat,,  ed.  1S36,  has  the  shoots  of  a  fine  orange 
red,  covered  with  a  delicate  bloom.     It  makes  a  splendid  nppeaxance 
in  the  trinter  season. 
Interesting  in  summer,  from  its  fine  large  leaves  and  white  flowers ;  in  au- 
tumn, from  its  while  fruit,  wbkh  are  about  the  aiie  and  colour  of  those  of  the 
mistletoe;  and  m  the  winter  and  spring,  from  the  fine  red  of  its  young  shoots, 

•  4.  C,  Ca.)  sTni'cTA  Lam.    The  straighU(ra7icAfJ  Dogwood, 

ar'Kimfma.    C.  lUOtlUM 'iiu£.  FL  kr.  AwKT.  i7dl£  j  C.  ininlM*  WaU.,bal-ai*ofUB.;  C. 
cj»oactm»  Omtt.  SfO.  Feg.  I.  p.  «n.  <  C.  eiDtJtnili  Um.  Far.  \  C  unlal  Kttrb.  lam.  3., 

-      ---■-'dtBloni.,t.t.«.»lnH>orjV'.91lli91S. 

^>ee.   Char.,   ire.      Branches  strai^t,  ^ 
&sti^te.    Leaves  ovate,  acuminated, 
glabrous,  green    on  both    surfaces ;  ^ 
when   young,  hardly  pubescent   be- 
neath.    Coirmbs  convex,  somewhat  ^ 
panicled.     :&anches   reddish  brown. 
Anthers  blue-     Pomes  globose,  soft, 
the  out^de,  but  white 
,    ^  uprigh' 
1  CaroLna 
nada,  frequent  on  the  banks  of  rivers ; 
also  in  Mexico,  between  Tampico  and 
Real  del  Monte.  Heighten,  to  10ft. 
rarely  20h.    Introd.  1758.    Flowers 
white;    June  and  July.     Fruit  blue 
without  and  white  within;  ripe  in       (n.  c  u-tn 
October.      Decaying   leaves   reddish 
green.     Naked  young  wood  green,  or  rusty  green. 


504  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

•  C.  (o.)  t.  2  aiper^Sa,  C.  asperiaiia  Lodd.  Cat.  etl.  183C,  if  not  iden- 
tical with  the  species,  diftbre  from  it  but  very  slightly. 
«  C.  (a.)  I.  3  lemptn^mi,  C.  Bempervlrens  Lodd.  Cut.  ed.  1836.  closdy 
resembles  the  species,  but  differs  from  it  in  retaimng  iu  leaves  through' 
out  &  part  of  the  winter. 
•  T  5.  C.  (a.)  panicula't*  L'Hiril.     The  p8iiicled;;touim»^  Dogwood. 

aVi>.Mt'i™C*fartiifii«£fl(.bw.  Ho.4.)  GdaaKUtBar*. 
Eit™tati,  Schmidt  Bium.,  1. 1.  W.  <  and  out /I/.  SIT. 
S^c.  Char.,  Src  BrancheB  erect.  Leaves  ovate, 
acuminated,  glabrous,  hoarj  beneath.  Corymb 
thyrsoid.  Ovarium  sillcy.  Branches  pale  pur- 
plish. Pomes  roundisn,  depressed,  watery, 
white,  3  lines  in  diameter.  The  dots  on  the 
under  side  oF  the  leaves,  which  are  only  seen 
through  a  len^  1>ear  bicuspidate  short,  adpressed 
bairs.  Tube  of  calyi  pubescent  (Don'i  Mill.) 
A  large  ehrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swamps 
and  near  rivulets,  among  other  bushes.  Haght 
4 11.  to  6  ft.  in  America  ;  SO  ft.  to  25  ft.  in  cultiva- 
tion. Introduced  in  1758.  Flowers  white  ;  July 
and  August.  Fruit  white  ;  ripe  in  October.  De- 
caying leaves  reddish  brown.  Naked  young  wood 
purplish. 
Varietici. 

^  C.  p.  'i  dibida  Ehrh.  Beitr.    iv.  p.  16.  — 
Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate. 

■  C.  p.  3  radiaia  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.   Sept.  i. 

p.  109.  —  Corymbs  sterile,  foliiferous.  gj,.  ci^jpuicdUb 

■  6.  C.  (a.)  sbri'cba  L'HirU.    The  silky  Dogwood, 

JdntK/haim.    I.'mrU.Catn.,Nii.S.C.l.iI>OD'>Hm.,l.p.»». 

$viKniiF>i«ci,  C.  lanugliAu  MIcSi.  PL  Bar.  Amcr.  I.  p.  92.  i  C.  fltH  WaU.  FL  Car.  M.,  but  nM  or 
LliUi  C.  ™rill™  LnBi.  Ofct.  a,  p.U6.i  C.  .lioliniuni  I)«  Sol  Hart*.  L.n,  16S.  i  C.ra1il«tota» 
£hrk.  Btilr.  A.  p.  IS.  i  C.  tOmiginn  Hon.  Far. ;  C.  —"*"'" '—  MiU. ;   C  cja/Kkcroi  Mamtkt 

Ettgratatgi.    Schmidt  Bum.,  1. 1.  U. ;  iiid  ourjif.  giS. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sic.  Branches  spreading. 
Branchlets  woolly.  Leaves  ovate, 
acuminated,  clothed  with  rusty  pubes- 
cence beneath.  Corymbs  depressed, 
woolly.  Pomes  bright  blue.  Nut 
compressed.  (Don't  MUi.)  A  large 
shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swampy 
woods  and  on  river  banks.  Height 
5  ft.  to  8tl.  Introduced  in  1683, 
Flowers  white ;  June  and  July.  Fruit 
bright  blue;  ripe  in  October,  Decay- 
ing leaves  nistj  brown,  Kaked  young 
wood  brown  and  green, 

■  C.  (a.)  I.  2  o&hngifilia  Dec.  Prod.  "*'  "^  *■'"""■ 

iv,  p.  272.,  C.  oblongifdlia     Bqfiiri  in  Liit.,  has  leaves  oHotg  and 

glabrous  above. 
This  sort  is  very  distinct  &om  the  two  preceding  ones,  and  comes  nearer, 
in  general  appearance,  to  C.  &lba  than  they  So  j  but  it  is  a  weaker  plant,  and 
smaller  in  bU  its  psfls   than  that  species.     The  two  preceding  sorta,  C.  (a.) 


XXXVIII.      CORNA^CELffi:    Co'rNUS.  S05 

Mricta  and  C.  (a.)  paoiculibta,  liave  much  narrower  leaves,  and  a  more  compact 
fasligiate  habit  of  growth,  thun  any  other  species  or  variety  of  the  genus.  C. 
(a.)  paniculata  ia  tne  handBomest  of  the  three  sorts  for  a  small  garden,  ai  it  ia 
easily  kept  of  a  small  size,  and  in  a  neat  shape,  and  it  flowers  profusely. 

1  7.   C.  (a.)  circinjI'ta  L'Hhii.     The  rounded-tored  Dogwood. 

UfHtt/ltalUm.    I'HWt  Corn-.p,  I.  No,a.  tl.j  Don^  Mill.,  J.p.  W9. 

Sfnumyma.   C.  Mmtntliu  Jficb.  J>l:  Bar.  Jmer.  1,  p.  SI.  i   C.  rngeu  Lim.  DItt.  9.  p.  llt.j   C. 
*ligfii|lin»  Bori.  Par. 


Spec.  Char.,   ^c.     Branches   warted.      Leave* 

broadly  oval,  acuminated,  clothed  with  hoarv 

(omentum    beneath.      Corymbs    depresBed,  I 

spreading.      Branches    slightly  tinged   with 

red.     L^ves  broad,  wav^  on  their  ed^es. 

Flowers  white,  as  in  most  of  the  species. 

Pomes  globose,  at  first  blue,  but  at  length  - 

becoming  nhite.  (Don'i  MU!.)   A  large  shrub. 

Horth  America,  from  Canada  to  Virginia,  on 

the  banks  of  rivers  ;  and  probably  of  Call-  , 

fomia.      Height   5  ft.  to  10  (1.     Introduced   ' 

in    tTB4.     Flowers  white;  June  and  July.  J 

Fruit  at  first  blue,  and  then  turning  white  j  '  »»   c  i    aid.»Hi 

ripe  in   October.       Decaying   leaves    rusty  ■     ■I'j 

brown.    Naked  young  wood  green,  tinged  with  red. 

Seadily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  sorts,  by  its  broader  leaves,  and  its 
rough  waned  branches. 

t  8.  C.  oblo'nca  Wall.     The  oblong-^»mf  Dogwood. 

UcBUfcoUn.    Will.  In  Boib.  Fl.  Ind.,  I.  p.  DL  i  Dod'i  Hill.. ».  a.  tBi. 
£;3^-rc.  i-nkulIU  /r«i<u. «  i.  dim  Proa.  Fl.  N,, 
Avrntaf    OurA.WO.frrmitpeclnioilnDr.  Ltadlei'i 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  acuminated, 
acute  at  the  base,  glaucous,  and  rather  sca- 
brous beneath,  with  many  excavated  glanda 
•long  the  axils  of  the  ribs  and  nerves.     Co- 

Xabs  spreading,  panicled.  Young  shoots 
Ched  with  short  adpreased  hair.  Leaves  , 
4  in.  to  Cin.  long,  ana  1  in.  to  l|in.  broad. 
Petioles  about  en  inch  long.  Flowers  white 
or  pole  purplish,  fragrant.  Calyx  clothed 
with  adpreased  silvery  hairs,  as  well  as  the  *"■  "■*'*** 

pedicels  and  petals.  Ovarium  3-cellcd.  Pome  ovate-oblong.  (^Dok'i  2liiU.) 
A  large  shrub,  Nepal,  about  Narainhetty,  Katmandu,  and  the  Valley  of 
Dhoon.  Height  10».  to  15ft.  Litroduced  in  1818.  Flowers  white  or 
purplish,  fragrant. 


$  ii.  InvolucrhtcE  Dec. 

Sect   Char,     Flowers  disposed  in  heads  or  umbels,  surrounded  by  coloured 
involucres,  which  are  usually  composed  of  4  leaves.  (Drc.  Prod.)     Trees, 
with  yellow  umbelled  flowers. 
I  9.  C.  ma's  L.     The  male  Dogwood,  Iht  Cornel,  or  Cornelian  Cherry  Tree. 

111  prpliiiWmy,  becnuHi  iming  plinU  «•  tamn  (or  nuny  r™'  •""  ""T  ■!«>»  """*  I  "■•" 


606  ARBORETUM    ET   7RUTICETUH   BRITAHNICUH. 

■ontl  bClna  flindibad  wllb  lUmni  odIt.    For  id  (i|i|M|[ta  reuoD,  Uh  dw 
wuIlrntoCunriliM.  (Sr  p.Ul)    TfaanuoDfConigUiin  Ctmr)' n 
calour  of  Ib«  bull,  vUch  TBHnitibi  tliu  ot  *  oruUiui. 
Ettratlnti.    BlKk.,L  131.1  tbe  pliUln  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  *dlt.,T<>l.  tI.;  ud  <xirA>-9 

l^ee.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  imoothuh.  Leaves  oval, 
acuminated,  rather  pubescent  on  both  surfaces. 
Flowera  protruded  before  the  leaves.    Umbeb  about 

XI  in  length  to  the  4-leaved  involucre.     Plow 
w.     Fruit  olliptlc,  of  a  brioht  shining  scarlet 
lour,  the  size  and  form  of  a  small  olive  or  Eu:om,v__.. 
styptic  in  its  imroatUTE  state.  (Bm't  MilL)   A  large  ^ft 
shrub  or  low  tree.     Europe,  Britain  excepted,  and    '7' 
in  the  Iforth  of  Asia,  in  hedges  and  among  bushes.     I 
Height  18  tl.  to  SO  ft      Introduced  in  1596.    Flow 

ers   yellow  ;   February  to    April.     Fruit  comdian-  _^^    . 

coloured ;  ripe  in  October  and  November.     Decay- 
ii^  leaves  reddish   green.     Naked  young  wood  brownish  green, 
forirtwi. 

S  C.  m.  9friictu  cera  coioru  N.  Du  Hun.  ii.  p.  162.  has  the  fruit  of  a 

wax  colour, 
f  C.  M.  3  variegiUuM  has  the  leaves  edged  with  white  or  yellow. 


The  wood  has  been,  in  all  ages,  celebrated  for  its  hardness  and  duratnllty ; 
and  it  is  at  the  same  time  tough  and  flexible.  In  a  dry  state,  it  weighs  69  lb. 
5  OS.  to  the  cubic  foot.  The  small  branches  are  said  to  make  the  most  durable 
spokes  for  ladders ;  wooden  forks  for  tumina  the  grain  on  bam  floors,  and  for 
making  hay  ;  hoops,  butchers'  skewers,  and  toot^icks.  The  wooden  forks 
are  made  by  selecting  branches  which  divide  into  three  near  the  extrenuty ; 
and,  aRer  cutting  the  branch  to  a  proper  length,  which  is  commonly  about  5 
or  6  feet,  the  bark  is  taken  off,  and  tne  three  branches  which  are  to  form  the 

Cings  are  bent  so  as  to  form  a  triangle,  like  the  wooden  com  forks  of  Bng- 
d.  In  this  state  thej  are  put  into  a  hot  oven,  where  they  are  kept  till  they 
are  hardened,  so  as  to  retain  the  shape  given  to  them.  Similar  hay  and  straw 
forks  are  made  of  the  nettle  tree  in  France,  and  of  the  willow  in  various  parts 
of  England,  by  the  same  prxedure.  The  Iniit,  when  thoroughly  iipc,  is  some- 


xxxYiii.   coRNA^CE^:  benthaW^.  507 

what  sweet,  and  not  disagreeable  to  eat ;  and,  on  the  Continent,  it  is  frequently 
used  in  confectionery,  and  for  making  mannalades.  As  an  ornamentfu  tree, 
the  cornel  is  valuable,  not  only  on  account  of  its  early  flowering,  and  the  fine 
display  made  by  its  ripe  fruit,  but  because  it  is  a  low  tree,  never  growing  out 
of  bounds,  and  one  wnich,  after  it  has  attained  the  height  of  10  or  12  feet,  is 
of  slow  growth,  and  of  very  great  duration.  For  these  last  reasons,  it  is  par- 
ticularly suitable  for  small  suburban  gardens,  in  which  it  will  form  a  fit  associate 
for  smiul  trees  of  CVatse^eus,  Berberit,  J^hamnus,  £udnvmus,  /famamelis,  &c. 
Seeds ;  but  layers  or  su<^ers  come  much  sooner  into  a  flowering  state.  There 
are  remarkably  fine  specimens  of  this  tree  in  the  old  French  gardens  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Paris,  and  also  in  the  old  gardens  of  Germany. 

£  10.  C  FLo'^RiDA  L.    The  Florida  Dogwood. 

Idemi^caikm.    Lin.  S]k,  1661.  j  Don'f  MIIL,  8.  p.  400. 

Amoiffne.    Vlrgliiiaii  Dogwood. 

jSmgrm9htg$.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  026. ;  Schmtdt  Baum.,  8.  t  6S. ;  and  oar  Jig.  MS. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  shining.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated,  pale  beneath, 
beset  with  adpressed  hairs  on  both  surfaces.  Flowers  umbellate,  pro- 
truded after  the  leaves.  Leaves  of  involucre  large,  roundish,  retuse, 
or  nearly  obcordate.  Pomes  ovate.  Leaves  of  involucre  white.  Flow- 
ers greenish  yellow,  and  very  large.  Pomes  scarlet,  about  half  the  size  of 
those  of  C,  uAa ;  ripe  in  August.  (IhtCi  Afill,)  A  laige  shrub  or  low 
tree.  Carolina  to  OEmada,  in  woods ;  and  on  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia,  near  its  confluence  with 
the  sea.  H^i^t  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in 
1731.  Flowers  large,  yellowish  white;  AP^ 
and  Mav.  Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  August.  De- 
caying leaves  yellowish  green.  Naked  young 
wood  brownish  green. 

C6mus  fldrida  is  universally  allowed  to  be  the 
handsomest  species  of  the  genus.  It  thrives  best  in 
a  peat  soil,  which  must  be  kept  moist;  and  the 
situation  should  be  sheltered,  though  the  foliage  of 
the  plants  must  be  fully  exposed  to  the  influence  of 
the  sun,  otherwise  they  will  not  flower.  Cuttings 
or  layers,  both  of  which  readily  strike  root. 

CSmui  grdtuSs  Schlect  A  small  tree  or  shrub.  Chico,  in  ravines.  Intro- 
duced in  1838  by  Hartweg,  and  probably  hardy.  *'  It  has  a  beautifbl  foliage ;  the 
leaves  being  from  3  in.  to  5  in.  long,  smooth  and  deep  green  above,  hoary  with 
down  on  the  under  side."  The  flowers  are  in  small  heads,  and  the  fruit  as  laige 
as  a  sloe,  and  purplish  black,  covered  with  bloom.  {Bot,  Reg,  Chron.,  183.9.) 

C.  officmdHif  a  native  of  Japan,  is  figured  by  Sieboldt  (t  50.),  and  will  pro- 
bably prove  hardy. 

Genus IL 


a 


BENTHA'M/^  LindL    Thb  Benthamia.    Lm.  Syst.  Tetriindria 

Monog^nia. 

IdeiUifleoHon,    LIndl.  in  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1579. 
&vnan^m€.  OftrnuB  tp.  Watt,,  Dec,  and  Q.  Don. 

Derivation.    Named  in  honour  of  George  BentAam,  Eiq.»  F.L.S.,  Seeretarr  to  the  Horticultural 
Society ;  and  nephew  of  the  celebrated  moralist  and  Jurist,  Jeremy  Bentham. 

Gen.  Char,  I'lowers  disposed  in  heads,  each  head  attended  by  an  involucre 
which  consbts  of  4  petal-like  parts,  and  resembles  a  corolla.  Cafyx  with  a 
minute  4^toothed  limb.  Petals  4,  fleshy,  wedge-shaped.  Siamens  4.  %/<? 
1.  Fruit  constituted  of  many  pomes  grown  togetner  ;  endocarp  in  each 
pome  with  2  cells.     Seeds  solitary  and  pendulous  in  each  cell.  (LindL) 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNtCUBI. 


k  Lindl,     The  Strawberry-bearing  Benchemia. 

wriH,  1.  p.ua.;  Llndl.  In  Boc  Beg.,  t.  \STt. 
Koib.  Ft,  I1HI..I.  p.  IM,    Don'rKill.  g.  p.ns.;    Chung.ii 


UrtlVlcatioii.    Hart.  Tnr 

^ff.  Char.,  Sfc.  Branches  spreading,  smooth. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminated  at  boSi  ends,  un 
short  petioles,  rather  rou^  with  small  ad- 
pressed  down.  Flowers  sessile,  densely  aggre- 
gate, romiing  a  round  head  girded  hy  a  4-Ieaved 
scabrous  involucrum.  (Do«>  MUl.)  A  lar^ 
aub-ererereen  ahnib  or  low  tree.  Nqial,  m 
Gossainthan.  Height  10  ft.  to  15.  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1825.  Flowers  large,  yellowish  white; 
June.  Fruit  large,  about  the  size  of  that  of  the 
common  arbutus,  reddish  ;  ripe  in  October  ; 
yellowish  white  within,  not  unpleasant  to  eat 
Young  shoots  whitish  green. 

Rather  tender  in  the  climate  of  London,  though  "'"  "■'•s'^™- 

it  forma  a  fine  evergreen  in  some  parts  of  Cornwall :  perhaps  it  might  be  ren- 
dered hardier  by  grafting  it  on  Cumus  sanguinea.  Readil]'  propagated  rather 
fiom  seeds  or  cuttings,  aud  of  easy  culture  in  loamy  soil,  kepi  moiat. 

Beniharmg.  japomca  is  figured  by  Sieboldt  (t.  16.),  and  is  |Hwbably  hardy. 


Order  XXXIX.    LORANTHA'CE.^. 

Ord.  Cbas.  Cafyjr  calyculale,  entire  or  lobed,  Pelatt  4 — 8,  distinct  or  co- 
hering ;  testivatioD  valvate.  Slamcru  4 — 8,  opposite  the  petals,  or  more  or 
less  adnate  to  them.  Sli/le  absent  or  present.  SHgma  capitate.  Berry 
l-cetled,  l-«eeded,  crown^  by  the  calyi.  Albumen  fleshy.  Fiowert  gene- 
rally unisenuaL  The  habit,  and  the  stamens  being  opposite  the  petals, 
distinguish  this  from  Caprifoliaccee  aud  Comacec.  (G.  Dan.) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  entire.  IHoiBen  small, 
whitish,  or  purplish.  —  Shrubs,  parasitical  or  terrestrial.  Europe  and  Japan. 
The  hardy  ligneous  plants  ore  included  in  the  genera  Hscum,  Lor&nthus, 

and  j4u7u£^. 

Fi'scuM  L.  Flowers  ditecious  or  moncedous.  Margin  of  the  calyx  ob- 
solete. Petals  usually  4,  connected  at  the  base  in  the  male  flowers,  but  free 
in  the  female.     Berry  globular,  visdd,  of  1  cell. 

I^ra'nthui  L.  Flowera  dicecious  or  hermaphrodite.  Margin  of  calyx 
entire.    Petals  5 — 6,  linear,  refleied. 

Ai/CUBA  Thunb.  Flowers  dicecious.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Petab  *,  ovate 
lanceolate;     Fruit  fleshy,  1-teeded. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


n'SCUM  L.     Tbr  Mistletoe.     Lin.  SytU  Mooce'cia,  or  Uce'cia, 
Tetiindria. 

liltali/kiiliiiiL    Tourn.  Intl.,  p.  009.  ;  D«c  Pn>d.,<.  ■>.  m.;  Don't  HIU..1,  p.  40i 


^XXIX.  LORANTHA^CEA  :    ri'scujT,  609 

Sifnomfmet.    Mlsscldine,  Out,  or  Guy,  Fr.  \  MistU  or  Missel,  Ger. ;  Vlsco,  or  Vischio,  Ital.  \  Lega- 

mod^a.  Span. 
Derivaiton,    VisctUj  or  viscmm.  Is  the  l4aUn  for  birdlime,  vrhich  Is  made  Arom  the  berries ;  and 

Mistletoe  is  by  some  supposed  to  be  derived  iVom  mislt  the  German  word  for  dung,  or  slimy  dirt, 

and  by  others  from  fnittetta^  the  Saxon  name  for  the  plant. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  a  slight  border  in  the  male  flowers,  more  evident  in  the 
female.  Corolla  in  the  male  flowers  gamopetalous,  in  4  deep,  ovate,  acute, 
equal  divisions ;  in  the  female  flower  of  4  ovate,  equal,  deciduous  petals. 
Anthers  in  the  female  flowers  none;  in  the  male  flower  4,  compressed.  Ova^ 
rkim  ovate.    Siigma  sessile*    Berry  globular.  (Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  rarely  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  undi- 
vided, entire,  rigid.  Flowers  in  rascicles  or  spikes,  greenish.  Berries  white. 
— An  evergreen  shrub,  parasitical  on  trees.    Europe;  in  Britain,  England. 

£  \,  V,  a'^lbum  L.    The  white^/Jto/ffd,  or  commony  Mistletoe. 

Idenlifieaiion.    Liu.  Sp.,  1451. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  277. ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  403. 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ram.,  1. 1.  115. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1470. ;  Baxt.  Brit  PI.,  t.  40. ;  and  our  Jig.  926., 
which  exhibits  a  portion  of  a  male  plant,  marked  m,  and  of  a  female  plant  In  fruit,  marked/. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Stem  much  branched,  forked;  with  sessile  intermediate 
heads,  of  about  5  flowers.  Branches  terete.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate, 
obtuse,  nerveless.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  parasitical  shrub,  forming  a  confused 
tuft  of  branches  with  a  yellowish  green  aspect.  Europe  and  England,  on 
trunks  and  branches  of  trees,  most  frequent  on  i?osacese.  Height  2  ft.  to 
3  ft.    Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May.    Berry  white ;  ripe  in  December. 

The  leaves  vary  considerably  in  diflerent  jslants,  as  may 
be  seen  in  Jig,  926.,  which  contains  engravings  of  three 
diflerent  specimens.     The  durability  of  the  plant  is  very 

treat ;  for,  when  once  established  on  a  tree,  it  is  seldom 
nown  to  cease  growing  while  the  tree  is  in  life  ;  but, 
when  it  dies,  or  the  branch  on  which  it  is  rooted  decays, 
or  becomes  diseased,  the  death  of  the  mistletoe  imme- 
diately follows.  The  trees  on  which  the  mistletoe 
grows  belong  to  various  natural  orders  ;  and,  indeed,  it 
would  be  dBficult  to  say  on  what  dicotyledonous  trees 
it  will  not  grow.  In  England,  it  is  found  on jniiaceae,  '**'  *'*"'""• 
i4ccr^cese,  JSos^es,  CupuUferse,  jSiaiicacese,  Oleacese,  and,  we  believe,  also 
on  Coniferse.  It  is  found  on  the  oak  at  Eastnor  Castle  (see  Gard, 
Mag,,  vol.  xiii.  p.  206.) ;  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Magdeburg  we  saw 
it  growing  in  immense  quantities  on  Pinus  sylvestris  in  1814.  In  France,  it 
grows  on  trees  of  all  the  natural  orders  mentioned,  but  least  frequently  on  the 
oak.  It  does  not  ^ow  on  the  olive  in  France,  though  it  abounds  on  the 
almond.  In  Spain,  it  grows  on  the  olive ;  as  it  does  m  the  neighbourhood 
of  Jerusalem  ;  and,  in  the  latter  locality,  is  found  the  variety  with  red  fruit, 
which  is  perhaps  a  Lordnthus. 

The  mistletoe  is  propagated  by  the  berries  being,  by  some  means  or  other, 
made  to  adhere  to  tiie  bark  of  a  living  tree.  The  common  agency  by 
which  this  is  effected  is  supposed  to  be  that  of  birds ;  and  more  especially 
of  the  missel  thrush,  which,  after  having  satisfied  itself  by  eating  the  berries, 
wipes  off  such  of  them  as  may  adhere  to  the  outer  part  of  its  beak,  by  rubbing 
it  apainst  the  branch  of  the  tree  on  which  it  has  alighted ;  and  some  of  the 
seeds  are  thus  left  sticking  to  the  bark.  If  the  bark  should  be  smooth,  and  not 
much  indurated,  the  seeds  will  germinate,  and  root  into  it  the  following  spring ; 
that  is,  supposing  them  to  have  been  properly  fecundated  by  the  proximity 
of  a  male  plant  to  the  female  one  which  produced  them.  The  first  indication 
of  germination  is  the  appearance  of  one  or  more  radicles,  like  the  sucker  of 
a  house  fly,  but  larger;  as  at  A  t,  in  Jig.  926.,  which  are  front  views,  and  at 
^  /  in  the  same  figure,  which  are  side  views,  taken  from  mistletoe  berries, 
which  were  stuck  on  the  upright  trunk  of  a  cherry  tree  in  our  garden  at 
Bayswater,  in  March,  1836,  and  germinated  there,  as  they  appeared  on  the 
20th  of  May  of  the  same  year.  'When  the  white,  viscous,  pulpy  matter  of  the 
mistletoe  berry  is  removed,  the  kernel,  or  seed,  appears  of  a  greenish  colour,  and 


ARBOHETUH    ET   FRUTICBTUM  BRITANSICUM. 


flat ;  sometimes  aval, 
at  other  timet  triangu- 
br,  and  at  other  '' 
of  TBtioui  forms.  I 
9S6.,  a  h  the  male  blos- 
som magnified;  b,  the  fe- 
male blossom !c~i . 

transversely ;  e,  a  seed 
divided  vertically,  show- 
ing  the  two  embrjoa ;  e, 
the  embryo  ma^itied  ; 
A,  the  two  embryos,  with 
the  two  radicles  germi- 
nating ;  >,  a  single  radi- 


cle  i  k,  I 


section,  of  the 
clet;  and  I,  a  i 
or  section,  of  the  single 
radicle.   Our  miatletoea,  ;, 
at  Bayswater,  are   now  ';' 
(Aug.  1840)  from  4  in.  \ 
to  8  in.  in  length,  wi 
4  or  J  pairs  of  learet,  ' 
alter  having   been  four   \ 

jreareaown.  Mr.Moas,e  ' 

nurserymaa  at  Halvem, 

has  succeeded  in  grafting  the  mistletoe  standard  huh  on  voung  apple  and 
pear  trees,  and  also  on  poplars  and  willows.  I^e  graftj  should  be  made  in  the 
first  or  second  week  in  Stay  ;  and  they  should  never  be  lower  than  5  ft.  from 
the  ground,  or  higher  than  10  H.  Where  the  stock  is  not  more  than  ( in.  in 
diameter,  an  incision  is  made  in  the  bark,  into  which  a  sdoD  of  mistletoe, 
pared  thin,  is  inserted,  having  a  bud  and  a  leaf  at  the  upper  end.  In  grafting 
longer  pieces,  a  notch  should  be  cut  out  of  the  stock  ;  an  incision  made 
bulow  the  notch  ;  and  a  shoulder  left  on  the  scion  to  rest  on  the  notch,  b  the 
manner  of  crown  grafting.  In  every  case,  there  must  be  a  joint  on  the  lower 
extremity  of  the  scion.  The  mistletoe  may  also  be  propagated  bj  budding, 
taking  care  to  have  a  heel  of  wood  and  a  joint  at  the  lower  extremis  of  the 
bud.  (See  Gard.  Mag.,  vol.  xiii.  pp.  806.  and  885.) 


□ 


LORA'NTHUS  L.     Thi  Lokantbvs.     Lm.  Si/il.   Pentaheiindiia  Hono- 
g^tia. 

IL  8p,  lEn. ;  I>«.  Prod.,  i.  p.  Bll.i  Don'i  MUL,  S.  p.  4118. 

n  lanBn,  ■  l«h  made  of  leuba.  lud  mOHt,  *  SeinT ;  lUudhiB  to  Uw  iot  Usaw 


Stigma  simple.     Beny  globose,  1-ccIled,  1-seeded.  (Ikm'i  Mill.'} 

Leavei  simple,  oppoute  or  nearly  so,  exstipulate,  evergreen  :  entire, 
rigid.  Fhw^i  in  spikes,  axillary  and  terminal,  —  An  evei]green  shrub, 
parasitical  on  trees ;  native  of  Austria. 


XXXIX.   LORANTHA'ce£  :   AlfCUBA. 


-^  1.  L.  euhopsHjs  L,    The  European  Loronthua. 


limllfialtam.    LId.  3p,  Ifin.  j  ^^a^.  n.  t 


shrub,  with  ths  habit  of  nscum  ilbimi.  Auitria,  Hungary,  Itelyi  and 
Upper  Siberia,  on  oak  and  sweet  cbeatnut  trees.  Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft> 
Introduced  in  1839.  Flowen  greenish ;  May.  Berries  oval,  white  or  j-el- 
lowish  i  ripe  in  December. 

Berries  of  this  plant  were  rec^ved  rrom  M.  Charles  Rauch  of  Vienna,  by 
his  brother,  M.  Francis  Bauch,  and  sown  on  trees  in  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's Garden,  and  also  in  our  sarden,  at  Bayswater,  in  January,  1839, 
though  they  have  not  yet  vcgetateiL 

Oehus  III. 


B 


AVCUBA  Tinmh.    TnB  Avcuba.    Idn.  ^.  IKce^cna  Tetr&ndrla. 

I4iiU«atitm.    Tbunta.  n.  Jip^p.t.;  DK.Pnid„4.  p.  m.i  I>aa'iHIII..I.p.  U). 

SMmmpma.    Aikaia  Kmart.  Amam.  t.  p.  m.  I  BflbuU  Sam.  PnH.  p.  SB. 

Derivatiom.    AiKitba  li  lb*  Jipauaa  Dunv. 

Gm.  Char.  Flowvr*  dicecious.  Calyx  closely  adhering,  with  the  marpn  a 
little  elevated,  and  4-taothed  ;  teeth  obtuse,  very  short.  Fetai*  4,  decidu- 
ous, alternating  with  the  calycine  teeth,  inserted  in  the  mar^  of  the 
elevated  fleshy  4-angled  disk.  StameTu  4.  Omrnini  cylindrical.  S^le  very 
^ort,  thick,  terete.     .Bimy  fleshy,  l-seeded.  (Don'i  Mill.) 

Leaeet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  petiolate,   coriaceous. 
Fhwert  SDiall,  panided. 
An  everarecn  drub  or  low  tree  ;  Japan;  with  dichotomous  or  vertinllate 

branches,  in   the  manner  of  those  of  Lor&nthus   and   Hscum.     The   male 

blossom  is  unknown.    Only  the  fenuile  state  of  this  plant  is  in  British 

gardens. 

■  1.  .^.  japo'nica  Thunb.    The  Japan  Aucuba. 

/AwUfcMrM.    Thimb.F1.  Jlp.,p.  M.;  DetProd.,*.  p.374;  Dnn'l  MIL,  1.  Dl  413. 

E BAi — i.ji.i.i. B.U.A   Pn>d.i>.  Mj  IpotteiliKTeil  Ljurel,  J»P«n  L»qrrt. 

].udfS.;  BM,  Mlg..(.  HOT.:  mioatJIt.VK. 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUH  BBITANNICUM. 


having  the  midrib  rather  proitiineDt, 

the   rest  of  the    leaf    reticulately 

veined.     Petioles   articulated   with 

the    branches,   and    dilated   at   the 

base.  (Don'i  Mill.)     An  evergreen 

shrub.  Japan.  Height  Sft.to  lOit, . 

and  probably  much  huher  in  warm  ' 

sheltered  situations.     Citroduced  in 

1 7S3.  Flowers  dark  blood-toloured ; 

May  and  July.     Berries  red  ;  ripe 

in  March ;  not  yet  seen  in  England. 

As  hardy  as,  or  hardier  than,  the 
common  laurel ;  and,  what  is   a  ven 

valuable  property  in  England,  it  will  ,„.  ,  j,j,,,ii. 

endure     coal     smoke     better     than 

almost  any  other  evergreen.  It  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttit^;  and 
grows  freely  in  any  sod  tolerably  dry,  advancing  steadily  by  shoots  of  from 
6  in,  to  9  in.  long  every  season. 


Order  XL.     CAPRIFOLIA'CE^. 

Ord.  CbaH.  Calyx  6-lobed.  Corolla  monopetalous ;  tube  short  ;  limb  S- 
lobed  ;  sestivatioD  valvate.  Stimem  5,  adnete  to  the  corolla,  and  alternat- 
ing with  its  lobes.  Onarium  3-celled.  Slyle  eiserted.  Stigmat  3,  distinct,  or 
combined.  Beny  pulpy,  rarely  dry,  crowned  by  the  calyx,  1  or  many  celled. 
Seedi  solitary,  twin  or  numerous  in  the  cells.     Albumen  fleshy.  {G.  Don.) 

Leavei  simple,  or  compound,  generally  exstipulate,  dedduous,  or  ever- 
green. Floitten  terminal,  corymbose,  or  axillary.  —  Shruba  or  low  trees, 
natives  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  Asia,  which  may  be  arranged  in 
two  sections  as  under :  — 

Sect.  I.    SiHDuN^BX  HttvA.  el  KOt. 
Sect,  Char.   Corolla  monopetalous,  regular,  rotate,  with  5   segments  only 
connected  a  little  at  the  tMse;  rarely  tubular.   Style  wanting.    Sdgmas  3, 

5iHBt]^cu3  Toian.  Corolla  rotate,  urceolate.  Berry  roundish,  pulpy,  1-celled, 
3 — 4-seeded,  hardly  crowned. 

Vnv'KVVH  L.  Corolla  rotate,  subcampanulete,  and  tubular.  Berry  1- 
leeded,  crowned  by  the  cnlyciike  teeth.  Low  deciduous  trees  or  shnibs ; 
partly  evergreen. 

Sect.  II.    Lonicb'rg.c  Brown. 
Sect.  Char.    Corolla  monopetalous,  more  or  less  tubular,  usually  imf[ular 
Style  filiform,  crowned  by  three  distinct  or  concrete  stigmas. 

Diervi'll^  Toum.  Calyx  bibractente  at  the  base,  Smarted.  Corolla  3-cleft. 
Capsule  l-celled,  many-seeded.      A  low  deciduous  shrub. 

LoM  CEa.4  Dcsf.  Tube  of  calyx  5-tootheil.  Corolla  5-parted,  usually  irre- 
gular. Berry  3-celIed.  Cells  few-seeded.  Deciduous  ant!  evergreen  shrubs, 
many  of  them  twiners. 

SrHciiDHicA'Rpos  G.  Don.  (Symphona  Pen.)  Cnlyx  4 — 5-toothed.  Co- 
rolla almost  regular.  Berry  crowned  by  the  calyx,  4-ccIled,  two  of  them 
empty,  and  the  other  two  containing  I  seed  each      Deciduous  shrubs. 


XL.  caprifolia'ce-e:  s'ambocus.  513 

LsrCBSTs'itM  Wall.  Calyx  5-p>uted,iTTegulsr.  Corolla  5-paited.  Berrj  &• 
celled,  crowned  by  the  calyx.  Cells  ranny-seeded.  A  rambling  Bub^cTer- 
green  shrub. 


Sect.  I.     Sambu'cb*. 


a 


SAMBU'CUS  Tovm.     The  Elder.     Zjb.  Sytt.  Pentindria  Trigynia. 

:.  Pmd.,  t.  p.  ni.  I  Don'l  Hta.).  p.  IM. 
I3&,  but  DM  of  Lin. 

Gen.  OuiT,,  ^c,  Cah/x  small,  but  divided  into  5  deep  segments,  permanent. 
CmvUa  rotate,  urceolar,  5-lobed  ;  lobes  obtuse.  Slamau  5,  about  the 
length  of  the  corolla.  FUammlt  awl-Bhsped.  AtUhrrt  roundiah,  and  beait- 
8h^>ed.  Slyte  none.  Stuimu  3,  obtuse.  Berry  elobular,  pulpy,  of  1  cell, 
containing  3 — S  seeds,  which  are  convex  on  tlie  outside,  and  angular 
inside.  {Don't  AOU.) 

Leavei  compound,  opposite,  bistipulate,  deciduous ;  stalked :  leaflets 
toothed,  pinnate,  or  jagged,  often  biglaodulnr  at  the  base.  Floineri  white 
or  piirplish,  \a  terminal  cf  mes,  which  are  in  some  flat,  and  in  others  thj^raoid. 
Berria  purplish,  cathartic. — Those  plants  of  the  ^nus  which  have  pinnate 
or  jigged  leaflets,  are  not  true  ipecieg.butonly  vanetiesjall  the  true  species 
having  only  toothed  leaflets. 
Trees,  low,  deciduous,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America  ;  ornamental 

for  tbrir  cotnpoond  leaves,  and  large  termioal  cymes  of  flowers  ;  which  are 

succeeded  b;r  purplish,  red,  white,  or  green  berries,  irom  which  a  wine  is  made. 

All  the  species  are  of  easy  culture,  in  good  soil,  rather  moist  and  loamy  t  and 

they  are  all  readily  propagated  by  cuttings. 

A.  Leavet  jmmale,     Floatn  eymote  or  corymbote, 
t  I,  S.  KiSjRA  L.    The  MMUKM,  or  black/ru>(«(f.  Elder. 

HimHfctaim.   Un.  Bp..  tav  (  Doo'l  MUl.,  S.  p.  UI. 


514  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

KihtoWjui.    N.  Do  Hd^I.  t,  U.;   En*.  BoL,  t.  4K  ;  the  plU<  of  lUi  iHidM  in  A>t.  DriL. 

lit  edit,  Tol.  tLi  ud  oar jt((.  SN.  ud  WI  . 
Spec.   Char,,   ^c.      Arboreous.       Leaves   pinnate.    ' 

Leaflets  usuallj  5,  raiooth,  deep  green,  ovate  or  *] 

ohiong-oval,  acuminated  ;  the  lower  leaves  somc- 

limea  trifoliolate.      Cjmies  with  5  main  brancheii. 

Jlranclies,  after  a  j'ear'i   growth,  clothed   with 

smooth  grey  bark,  and  fill^  with  a  light  spongy 

Eith.     Pfowen  craun-coloured,  with  a  sweet  but  j 
lint   smell.       Berries   elobular,   purplish   black.  ^ 
Rlollts  reddish.  (flonV  Sim.)     A  low  tree.     Eu- 
rope, and  part  of  Aaia,  in  hedges,  coppices,  and 
woods;  and  plentiful  in  BrittiiQ,  In  like  situations. 
Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.     Flowers  creain-cobured )  m.  a.^cn. 

June.      Berries  purplish  black;  ripe  in  Septem- 
ber.    Decaying  leaves  yellowish  gneen.   Nacetl  young  wood  whiti&h  green. 

I  8.  n,  8  tiritceru  Dec  Prod.  iv.  p.  3S8. ,-  S.  vir^scens  Detf.  At^.  Fr.  i. 
p.  MS.  —  Fruit  yellowish  green, 

1  S.N.  Z leacoc&rptt.  —  Fruit  white. 

T  S.  n.  4  laciniiUa ;  S.  UcinilitB  Jtiill.  JXel.  No.  8.  (Lob.  Icon„  2.  t.  164. 
f.  8.  i  and  our  J!g. 
B3S)  ;  the  Pusley- 
leavcd  Elder;  has  the 
leaflets  cut  into  fine 
segment  E.  The  hand- 
somest of  all  the  va- 


t   S.  n.  5  rotunSJoSa.  —  Leaves  trifoliolste.  Leaflets  petiolate,  roundish, 

serrated.  Corymbs  few-flowered.    Cultivated  in  the  Chelsea  Garden. 

t  S.  n.  6  morulroia,    S.  monstrdsa  Horly    has    the   branches   striped. 

Flowers  of  from  5 — 15  parts  ;  nnd  with  from  5 — 15  stamens.    Stig> 

mas  5 — IS.     Berries  irregular. 

I  S.  n.  TJo/iit  arghtleu  (Jig.  933.)  has  the  learet  variegated  with  white, 

and  rorms  a  striking  and  lively-looking  plant  in  a  shrubberv. 
1  S.  n.  BJoHU  lulat  has  the  Icares  slightly  variegated  with  yellow. 
The  elder  Is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Kent  for  its  fruit,  which  is  much 
in  demand  for  making  elder  wine.  The  flowers  and  barii  are  much  used  hy 
herbalists  ;  and  the  wood  of  old  trunks,  being  very  hard,  is  used  as  a  substi- 
tute for  that  of  box  and  dogwood.  The  young  shooti,  having  large  pith,  are 
made  into  pop-guns,  and  the  pith  is  used  by  electricians  in  various  experiments. 
The  plant,  both  in  Britain  and  on  the  Continent,  is  sometimes  used  ior  forming 
hedges,  and  also  as  a  nurse  plant  for  plantations  exposed  to  the  sea  breeze. 
In  the  latter  capacity,  it  has  the  great  advantage  of  growing  rapidly  the  first 
live  or  six  years,  and  afterwards  of  being  easily  choked  by  the  trees  it  hu 
nursed  up.  The  elder  will  not  thrive  except  m  a  good  soil,  kept  somewhat 
moist ;  and  it  will  not  flower  and  fruit  abundantly,  unless  the  situation  be 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA  CEX  :    5AMBU  CUS.  515 

open,  and  fiiUy  eipoied  to  the  light  and  air.  The  plant  roots  so  readil]'  from 
cuttiogi  and  truncheona,  that,  where  the  soil  is  tolerablj'  moist,  a  plantation 
or  a  hedge  ma;  be  laade  at  once,  by  the  um  of  the  latter,  inatcsd  oi  employ- 
ing roo(«l  plants, 

■  S.  5.  canadb'nsis  L.     The  Canadian  Elder. 

UnUfaOlam.    Lin.  Sii.,Ke.i  Don't  M1IL.3.  p,  WL 
f^nHtvt.    SchBUtBuii>.l(.l41.,.D<l«DJ|i.SM. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^,     Fniteacent.     Leaves 

pinnate   or    lub-p  innate.       Leaflets 

titont  4  pain,  and    an  odd  one ; 

oblong,    oval,    stiffi^    acuminated, 

more    or    lets    pubescent    beneath, 

soiaecimes     appendiculated     at    tlie 

base.      Cymes  of  5  mala  bnncfaEs.    ' 

Flowers   almost   scentless.      Berries 

deep  bluish  black.  (Don'i  MOL)    A 

shrub,  nearly  sufii'uCicose.   Canada  to 

Carolina,  in  avamps  and  near  hedfes. 

Hdght  4n.  to  6  ft.      Introduced  in 

1761.       Flowers    ivhite;    July  and 

AuguM.    Fruit  bluiah  black  ;  ripe  in  a 

tjeptember.  S 

A  buah,  in  foliage  resembling  the 
common  elder,  but  it  is  less  hardy,  and, 

in  Britain  at  least,  never  aasumes  any  m.  t-xmn,^. 

thing  of  a  tree  character. 

B.  Leavei  pimiaie,     Ftowerl  pamcled, 
■  3.  S.  BACEMo'sA  L,     The  rai:einase:;7ou>rm{  Elder. 

/ifcweSaUiai.     Un.  Bp.,  ise. ,  Dcm'I  Mil,,  S.  p.  4K 
Swnffmtfmtl.    S-  moauat  Cam.  EpU.  VIO.  t  S.  cvnrtDl  Ttl 
gmtraHmt^.    J>i>i.  Icaa.  Bir^  I.  p.  H.;  V.  Du  Hu.,  1 

Spec.  Char.,  j-c.    Shrubby.   Leaves  pinnate. 

Letdlets  5,  membranous,  oblona,  acumi> 

nated,  serrated,   unequal    at    toe    base.  W 

Petioles  glabrous.  Panicle  ovate.   Leaves  ™ 

pale  green,  pretty  smooth.  (Don'i  MUL) 

A  low  tree  or  large  shrub.     Bliddle  and 

South  of  Europe  and  Siberia,  on  moun- 
tains.  Height  10  ft.  to  13  ft.    Litroduced 

in  1596.     Flowers  whitish  green  ;  April 

and  Mav.    Fruit  scarlet ;  ripe  in  AugusL 

Variety.  ' 

■  S.  r.  8  lacadala  Koch  in  Dec.  Fl.  Fr. 

Supp.  p.3000.— Leaflets  ja^^. 

A  native  of  the  Palatinate  of  the  i 

Rhine. 

This   tree    has   a    splendid    appearance  1^ 

when   covered   with   its   panicles   of  fine,  I* 

lat^e,  scarlet   fruit,  which   resemble  minia-  ,^_  s.nwiB. 

ture  bunches  of  grapes  of  the  most  bril- 
liant scarlet.  Its  large  leaves,  with  thrir  deeply  seirated  pinnse,  are  also 
very  ornamental.  It  grows  as  freely  as  the  common  elder,  and  deserves  a 
place  in  every  collection ;  though  it  is  verr  seldom  found,  in  Britiiih  gardens, 
of  such  a  size  as  to  display  its  beauty.  We  should  think  it  would  succeed  if 
budded  on  the  common  cider ;  and,  as  that  spedes  is  abundant  in  many  places. 


516  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICtlM. 

ElanU  roi^t  be  trained  to  a  single  stem,  and  budded  with  S.  racemdBS  stanilanl 
igh.     It  is  very  omainentol  in  the  Pari*  gardens. 

■  4.  5.  (r.)  pu'BENa  lUkbr.     The  downy  Elder. 


^T,'S(X^\ 


,  lanceolate,    or    oblong,    acuminated, 

serrated,   pubescent,   but   chiefly   on 

fhe   under   side.      Panicle   thyrsoid. 

(Don'i  Mill.)     A  I»«e  shrub  or  low 

tree.     Carolina   to    &nEids,   an   the 

highest  mountains.      Height  6  ft.  to  - 

ion.  sometimes  IS  ft.    Introd.  1813. 

Flowem    whitish ;    April    and    May. 

Berries  red  i  ripe  in  August. 

Closely   resembling  3.  racemdaa,   of  ^^^  «.(.|rtbm. 

which  it  is  probably  only  b  variety.    Sir 

W.  J.   Hooker  mentions  a   variety  with  7  leaflet*,  which  may  be  designated 
S.  (r.)  p.  8  lieplap^Ha. 

Genub  II. 


waan 


nBU'RNUH  L.     The  Vibi;rnvm.    Im.  Sifil.  Pentandria  Trigfni*. 

.•iMHOFMa.    O'puliii.  niiiSniimi.'and  rtDiu.  fimm.  ImiL  p.  SOT.  L  376.  iiiil  an. :  FIbtntam  ud 

O  pJliu.  Metne*  M/IM.  p.  ME. ;  VkonH,  IV.  i  Schneti^I,  iltr. ;  Vlbuno.  llal. 
Dnhialmt.  Acnirding  to  Villlut.  Iha  word  nMrnum  li  dcrlTcd  rram  ttia  Lidn  vord  tin,  u>  U> ; 
nn  Kcount  of  ilM  piraMllt;  oT  Iha  bnodun  of  •am  ipedeL  Vlbunu,  In  Ibw  nlnrml.  mfftn  M 
iiMtB  btKB  ippllcd  b;  (hs  ueboiU  u  mnj  ihnibi  thaL  nm  UHd  for  Irindldg  or  tjliig. 
Gen.  Char.  CaJi/x  limb  Bmall,  permanent.  Corul/a  rotate,  somewhat  cam- 
panulate,  or  tubular,  with  a  Mobed  limb.  Slamm  5,  equsL  Stigmat  3, 
sessile.  Berry  orate  or  elobose,  1-seeded  from  ^xirtion,  crowned  by  the 
calycine  teeth.  (Don't  MUl.) 

Leacet  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  chiefly  deciduous,  but  partly  evergreen ; 
petiolate.  Flou/eri  in  terminal  corymbs;  usually  white,  but  soinetimes 
rermng  to  a  rose  colour.  Decaying  Inve*  red  and  vellow.— Shrubs  i  natives 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America;  of  easy  culture  and  propagation,  by 
seeds  or  layers,  in  any  common  soil. 

S  i.  Tiniu  Tourn. 

Synetyma.    LeoUco  Stt  Pnd.  1.  p.  IH.  ;  nbAmniil  Vviul  JfcM.p.  MS. 

Sect.  Char.,  i/e.     {.eaves  quite  entire,  or  toothed.  Style  almost  wanting ;  stig- 
a   1.   V.  7Ys\}%  L.     The  Laurustinus. 


iot. Jiig. t'-M." i  «Sd"oiirj(i'. an. ' 

«-oblong,  quite  entire,  permanent;  having  the 


XL.    CAPIItFOLA^CE£  :      PIBU'rNUM.  SI? 

nmiftcations  of  the  veins  bencalh,  as 
weU  as  the  bmnchlete,  furnished  with 
glandular  hairs.  Corymbi  flat.  FlowerB 
white,  but  roie-co  loured  before  ex- 
peDiion,  and  sometiiDes  afterwordB  for 
a  little  time.  Berries  dark  blue.  (Don't 
MUl.)  A  compact  evcigreen  dinib. 
South  of  Europe,  and  North  of  Africn. 
Height  8  ft.  to  10  h.  Introduced  in 
1596.  Flowers  white :  December  dll 
Harcb.  Berries  dark  blue  j  ripe  in  June. 

■  V.  T.  a  hirla  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  iu 
p.  166.  :  r.  Tinui  MiH.  Dkt. 
Ho.  4.;  V.  licidum  AfflA,  Pen., 

and  Sckuitei.  —  Leaves  oval-ob-  m?    riiiUiuii  ruam. 

long,  hairy  beneath  and  on  the 

margins.     The  flowers  of  this  variety  appear  in  autumn,  and  cou- 
tinue  on  the  shrub  all  the  winter.     A  native  of  Portugal  and  Spain, 
and   the  vidnily  of  Nice.      Very  distinct,  from  the  companiive 
roundness  of  its  leaves,  and  the  hairiness  both  of  the  Iraves  and 
branches, 
fe  V.  T.  3  lucida  Ait.  1.  c  — Leaves  ovateM)bIong,  glabrous  on  both  sur- 
faces, shinine.     The  cymes,  as  well  es  the  flowers  and  leaves,  are 
lar^r  than  those  of  the  common  sort,  and  seldom  appear  till  the 
spnng.     When  the  winters  are  sharp,  the  flowers  are  killed,  and 
never  open  unless  they  are  sheltered.  This  is  quite  a  distinct  variety, 
with  fewer  and  more  uireading  branches  than  the  common  kind,  and 
much  larger  leaves,  which  are  shining.     There  is  a  subvariety  of  it 
with  leaves  more  or  less  variegated  with  white.     It  is  a  native  ^out 
Algiers,  and  on  Mount  Atlas. 
«  V.  T.4i>irgafa  Ait.  I.  c,  Clus.  Hist.  No,  iii.  witha  fig.  — Leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, pilose  on  the  margins,  as  well  as  an  the  under  surface. 
It  is  a  native  of  Italy,  about  Rome  and  Tivoli,  Stc. 
•  V.  T.  5  itricia  Hort.has  a  somewhat  erect  and  ftuligiale  habit.  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Garden.     There  is  also  a  variegated  subvariety. 
One  of  the  most  ornamental  of  evergreen  shrubs,   the  foliage  tufling  in 
beaudfii)  masses,  and  covered  with  a  proniaion  of  white  flowers  which  com- 
mence expanding  in  November,  and  continue  flowering  till  April  or  May.     In 
British  nurseries,  it  is  frequently,  for  expedition's  sake,  increased  by  layers  j 
but  all  the  varieties  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  taken  off  in  autumn, 
and  planted  in  a  sandy  soil,  on  a  northern  border.  In  two  years,  these  cuttbgs 
will  form  saleable  plants  of  the  smallest  size.     The  variety  F.  T.  Iddda,  being 
somewhat  more  ^fficult  to  strike  than  the  others,  is  generally  increased  by 
layers,  which  are  made  in  autumn,  end  root  in  a  year. 

$  ij.  Vi&^muBi  Tourn. 

Howets  fertile,  and  equal  in  sh^e 
a  rotate.     Fruit  ovaL 
•  X  8.  r.  LcNTA'fio  L.     The  Lentt^,  or  pbml-branched.  Viburnum. 
ItnliflcttlinK.    liB.  Sn.,  p.  IM.i  Die.  Piod.,  <."•«- """■•xiii    »  -  Jin 

Fr.  i  Blra-W«««l«=i  -■'■--- 
Ertrarbitl.    VIti*.  DlDd. 

Sjiec.  Char,,  4rc.     Leaves  broad-ovate. 


518  ARBOBETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

of  leavea  hooked  b  little,  and  somenhst  cartilagi- 
nous. (Don'i  Mill.')  A  robust  shrub  or  low  tree. 
New  England  to  Carolina,  among  hedges  and  on 
tha  borders  of  woods  ;  and  found  throughout  Ca- 
nada. Uei^t  eft  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1761. 
Flowers  white ;  July.  Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  Sep- 
tember. Decaying  leaveB  purple  red  and  yellow 
Naked  young  wood  yellowish  and  reddish  greea. 
In  British  gardens,  this  species  Ibnns,  when  pruned 

to  a  single  stem,  a  bandsome  small   tree,  flowering 

freely  and   produdng  abundance  o(  fruit,  which   is 

greedily  eaten  by  biros.    Propagated  by  layers,  or  by 

•  S  3.  F.  (L.)  ivvmFo'uuH  L.    Ite  Plain-tree-Iesved  Vibumuin. 

I  tbsplMa  Id  Aiti.  Brit.,  Iit«« 


Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-oboTate  and  and,  glabrous,  rallier  mem- 
branotu,  crenatety  serrated,  ending  in  a  abort  acunwii.  Petioles  maiginale, 
glabrous.  Cymes  sessile.  Berries  ovate  or  roundish.  (Don'i  Miil.)  A  large 
shrub  or  low  tree.  New  England  to  Carolina,  in  hedges  and  fields ;  and  also 
Canada,  about  Lake  Huron.  HeiihtSft.  to  lOlt.  Introduced  in  1T3L 
Flowers  white  ;  May  and  June.     Fruit  dark  blue;  ripe  in  September. 

•  *  4.  *'.  (L.)  /tbifo'liuh   Foir.     The  Pear-tree-leaved  Vibumuin. 
/i<nudlM<i«,    Poir,  DlcL.  S.  p.  «w.  g  Dk.  Prod.,  Lf.aas.;  Don'i  vol., 
Cxpw«^-    D™i.DTit,.t.»ajKidonrAi.MD.»adMl. 

^c.  OuiT.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acutish. 
glabrous,  subserrated.  Petioles  smooth. 
Corymbs  somewhat  pedunculate.  [Don't 
Miil.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  Penn- 
sylvania, New  Jersey,  &c.,  on  the  banks  4 
of  rivers.  Height  Sft  to  6fl.  Intro- 
duced in  1812.  Flowers  white;  Ma^  and 
_  June.     Fruit  ovate  oblong,  black ;  npe  in 

""■  «iiii""'        September.  mi.  r.|L.i|>jiiuiv.. 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIACES:    FIBU'ftNUM,  5 

Ueuiubles  tbe  preceding  species,  bul  it  not  so  strnggling  in  ita  growth. 
ml  5.  F.  (L.)  nu'dvm  L.     The  nai.ed-coryi»bed  VibumiUD. 
MtMt/UaUem.    Lln.3ii.,Ml.)  Dm.  Fnd.,  1.  p.  MB. ;  Don't  MUL, ).  p.  WD. 

J^vc.  Char.,  rfc.  Leaves  oval-oblong,  angular  at 
the  base,  bluntish,  with  rerolute  obsoletely  cre- 
nulated  mRreins,  quite  glabrous.  Petioles  beset 
with  scaie-UKe  scurf  or  down.  Coirmbs  pedun- 
culate, not  involucrate.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  lar^e 
shrub  or  low  tree.  Canada  to  ueorgja,  in 
swamps,  particularly  on  a  sandy  soil.  Hright 
6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers 
whitish  ;  May  to  June.  Fruit  globooe,  black  or 
daric  blue;  npe  in  September. 

Karirty. 

■  1  V.  (L.)  «.  S  tquemalam  ;  V.  squamitum 
WiOd.  Enum.  (Wats.  Dend.  Bnt.,  L  24. ; 
andour  j^.  943.);  has  the  surface,  mid- 
ribs, and  petioles  of  tbe 
leaves  scaly  (whence 
.      its  name),  and  their 
\    margins  crenate,  sub- 
dentate.    The  pedun- 
cles and  pedicels  are 
also     covered      with 

scales ;  and  the  leaves 
are  smaller,  and  of  a 
bluer  green  thsji  tbose 
'■  of  F.  nddum. 
W.  J.  Hooker  says  of  this  species,  that  he  c 


^•^ 


pennanently  distinguishing  charai 
nit&lium.     We  think  all  the  four 


UnMfeaHon. 


■  T  6.  F.  CASsmoi'^-D-ea  L.    Tbe  Cassine-like  Vlbumum. 

UaiMcalitm.    Uo.  Sp.,  p.  SSt.  i  Dm.  Ftod..  4.  p.  Ue.  i  Dos'lHIU-.S.  p.  MO. ; 

LaSi.  Cut.,  gd.  Igaf! 
3jrnmrmt.     V.  pmicUlDn  JT^Tm. 
Smgrmtit.    OnrA'SM.  (ranMipadDmln  U»  t.4iabeTt1in  ktilwrluiii. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-Unceolate,  acute  at  both 
ends,  crenated,  glabrotis  above,  with  subrevolute  edges. 
Under  side  of  leaves,  as  well  as  the  petioles,  which  are 
keeled,  and  branches,  which  are  te- 
tragonal, covered  with  scurf/  dots. 
Corymbs  sessile.  (Don't  MUl.)  A  ■* 
large  shrub  or  low  tree.  New  York 
to  Carolma,  in  swamps.  Height  3  ft. 
to  5  ft.  in  America;  10  ft.  to  IS  ft.  in 
England.  Flowers  while;  June  and 
Fruit  ovate,  bluish  black ;  ripe  in  Septoaber, 

.   ¥.  ic.y  i.*viaA"TUH  WiUd.     The  smooth 
Viburnum. 
Wmd.  Bp.,  I.  p.  \m.    Dm.  Piod.,  4.  p.  aas.  I  Doh'i 
.(W*«MHlteBiXHarM,s.p^Me.i  r. Unwil 


520 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM  -BRITANNICUIif. 


M6.  r. 


Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  smooth,  remotely 
or  unequally  serrated,  cuneated  at  the  base,  and  quite  entire,  ^abrous. 
Branches  tetragonally  2-edged,  and  also  glabrous.  Corymbs  sessile.  (Don^t 
Mill.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree*  Viiginia  and  Carolina,  near  the  sea 
coast.  Hei^it  10ft.  to  14ft.  Introduced  in  1724.  Flowers  white;  June 
and  July.     Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  September. 

•  I  8.  F.  Lanta^na  L.    The  Wayfaring  Tree. 

Idatitfieation.    Lio.  Sp.,  p.  884. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  S96. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  3.  p.  440. 

^fnonymes,  V.  tomentbium  Lam.  Ft.  Fr,  S.  p.  863. ;  wild  Guelder  Rom,  plIant-braochM  Mealjr 
Tree ;  Viome  cotonneaie,  Camara,  Viome  commune,  Coudre.jnoinsinne,  Moncksme,  Fir.  i 
Schlingtfcrauch,  woUiger  Schneeball,  or  Schwalkenjtrauch,  Ger. ;  Lentaggine,  JtaL 

Engrawingt.    Eng.  Bot,  t  831. ;  Jacq.  Aottr.,  t.  841. ;  and  ourj!|g.  946. 

Spec.  Char,^  dfc.  Leaves  cordate,  rounded,  finely 
serrated,  veiny,  clothed  beneath,  but  more  sparingly 
on  the  upper  side,  with  starry  mealy  pubescence, 
like  that  on  the  branches,  petioles,  and  peduncles. 
Under  side  of  leaves  and  branches  white  from  mealy 
down.  Cymes  pedunculate,  broad,  flat,  of  nume- 
rous crowded  white  flowers.  Bracteas  several, 
small,  acute.  (D<m*s  J^iUl.)  A  large  shrub  or  low 
tree,  with  copious,  opposite,  round,  pliant,  mealy 
branches.  Europe  and  the  West  of  Asia,  in  low 
woods  and  hedges,  chiefly  on  calcareous  soils. 
Height  12ft.  to  15ft.  Flowers  white;  May  and 
June.  Fruit  compressed  in  an  early  state,  red  on 
the  outer  side,  yellow,  and  finally  black,  with  a  little 
mealy  astringent  pulp ;  ripe  in  August  and  Septem- 
ber.   Decaying  leaves  of  a  fine  deep  red. 

Varietiei. 

A  S  V.  L.  2  grandifolia  Ait.,  V.  L.  latifolia  Lodd.  Cat.^  has  leaves  lai^ger 

than  those  of  the  species,  and,  according  to  some,  ought  to  constitute 

a  separate  species  itself.    Mr.  Gordon  thinks  this  variety  the  same 

OS  V.  (L.)  umtanoldes. 
M  *t  y,  L.  3  filiis  varieghtit  Lodd.  Cat.  has  leaves  variegated  with  white 

and  yellow. 

It  grows  rapidly  when  young,  often  producing  shoots  5  or  6  feet  long,  from 
stools  in  coppice  woods ;  but  becoming  stationary  when  it  has  attuned  the 
height  of  12  or  15  feet,  which  it  does  in  5  or  6  years;  and,  when  pruned  to 
a  single  stem,  forms  a  handsome  durable  small  tree.  In  Germany,  the  shoots 
of  one  year  are  employed  in  basket-making,  and  for  t3ring  faggots  and  other 
packages ;  and  those  of  two  or  three  years  old  are  used  for  tubes  to  tobacco- 
pipes.  Plants  may  be  raised  from  seeds,  which  should  be  laid  up  in  a  heap 
in  the  rotting-groundy  like  haws ;  for,  if  sown  immediately  after  being  gathered, 
they  will  not  come  up  for  18  or  20  months. 

m  t  9.  V.  (L.)  LANTANoi^DBS  MtcJix.    The  Lantana^like  Viburnum,  or 

American  Waijfarmg  Tree. 

Identifleatiom.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  179.  i 

Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  396. :  Don's  Mill^  8.  p.  441. 
J^Nonymcs.    ?  K  Lantlna  fi  grandi(^lia  Jt'L  HorL 

Kew.  ed.    I.,  vol.  L  p.  882.;     V.  grandifbUum 

SnUth  in  Beet't  Cpct,  Na  14.  ;    F.  Lantina  fi 

canadensis  Pers,  Snek.  1.  p.  837. ;    Hobble  Bush, 

Amer. 
Engranbigt.    Bot.  Cab.,  t.  107a  ;  and  our>^.  947. 

Spec.  Char.,  8fc.  Leaves  roundish-cor- 
date, abruptly  acuminated,  unequally 
serrated;  serratures a wnless.  Branches, 
petioles,  and  nerves  of  leaves  clothed 
with  powdery  tomentum.  Corymbs 
terminal,  almost  sessile.     Fruit  ovate.  j^y,  ^.  (^.j  ,^«^.^.j^ 


XL.  caprifolia'ce£;  tibu'rnum.  521 

(^Don'i  MiUer.)  The  outer  flowers  of  the  corjmba  are  abortive  and 
radiant ;  a  drcumstaQce,  aa  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  obserrea,  noticed  by  few 
botanista.  A  ibrub  or  Ion  tree,  very  like  V,  Lantina,  but  of  more  humble 
growth,  and  the  leaves  are  laiver,  and  tomentoae.     Canada  to  Carolina, 

Sincipally  in  the  foresta  called  Beech  Woods,  about  Quebec  and  Lake 
uron.     Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.     Introduced  in  1820.     Flowera  white ;  June 
and  July.     Fnut  first  red,  afterwards  black.     Hort.  Sec.  Garden. 
•  10.  y.  (L.)  DABU^RictiH  PaU.    The  Dahuiian  Viburaum. 


SriKmrma.    Lonicero  mong^iu  Fall  ft.  Bn.  I.  t.  M.  I. 

Giiwirsib,,  a.  I.  U.  i  and  nirj^.  Me. 
Spec,   Char.,   ^c.      Leavea   ovate,  somewhat 

cordate  at    the   base,    crenatet)'  serrated, 

beset  with  stellate  down,  as  well   aa   the 

branchleta.      Corymba    dichotomous,  few-  1 

flowered.     Corollas  tubular,  somewhat  iim- 

nel-flbapcd,   bluntly  5-toothed.      Bern   5. 

seeded.  (Ikm'i  Jiiff.)    A  shrub  resembling 

F.  Lant^na.    Dahuiia.    Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 

Introduced   in   1785.      Flowers   yellowish 

white  ;  June  and  July.     Fruit  at  first  red, 

but  afterwards  black  and   aweet ;'  ripe   in 

September.  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

A  tolerably  distinct  varietv  ;  but,  in  our 
opimoo,  by  no  means  enlitied  to  be  con- 
sidered a  spedes.  M«-  ^.n.idrii»Hffli».. 

•  II.  y.  (?L.}  COTINIPO^UUM  Z>.D<m.    The  Codnus-leaved  Viburnum. 

J.  p.  Ml. 


liail^laitlm.    D.  Don  Prod.  Fl.  N«..  I.p.  141.;  Dec  Fn>d..4.  p.  SIT,; 
^rnomrme.    V.  MmlUlia  tUm.  BiD.Dos  Prod.  FL  Mip.  1.  p.  ul. 
AwraMfV'.    But.  Kng^  U  IGSl,  1   nwl  our  Jig.  9*9,  ftom  lbs  pUDt  In  Ui 
Cirdea,  udjtr.  9W-  Crom  Uu  Bol.  Ref. 

^aec.  Char.,  rjc.  Leaves 
roundish  oval,  quite 
entire,  clothed  with 
stellate  tomentum  on 


HoniaiUuni  Sodiif'i 


I,  grey 
beneath,  as  well  as  1 
the   branches.       Co>  I 

rymbf  terminal,  wool- 


5000  ft.   to   7000  ft., 
30°   H.  lat.      Height 
6ft.  to  eft,     Intro-     +  ^jr— 
■It.  r.i'i.mbmbiiD.  duced  in  1S38,  or  be-    mo.  r.ci.iMUieiUM. 

fore.     Flowers  white, 
tinted  with  pink;  April  and  Hay, 

In  genera]  appearance  it  closel  v  reaembles  V,  Lant^na ;  but  the  flowers  an 
much  lai^er,  and  more  tinted  with  pink ;  and  ndther  flat  nor  bell-shaped,  but 
of  a  distinct  obconical  figure, 

•  18.  F.  dbntaVum  lAn.    The  tootbed-^nweif  Viburnum. 

UmiaicmUim.    Lin.  Sp..p.  Ml.  1  Dae.  Plod.,  4.  p.  JM.  i  Don'!  HILI.,  S,  p.  MI. 

Srnptwrnn.    V.  dcnMuim  lOcldum  jia.  llorl.  Kca.  1.  p.  3T1. ;    f.  dtrndom  (IiMHuu  Uicki.  Fl. 

CufntlPtt.    ii.cn.  Hart.  Vlnd.,  1. 1,  3G.  j  WUi.  Deotl.  Bril.,  L  U,  i  ind  our^.  Ml.  uid  SU. 


522 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Ml.  r. 


9M.   r.dtaOtam. 


^f)ec.  Ckar.,  ^e.  Partly  fflabrous.  Leaves  ovate, 
and  nearly  orbicular,  pUcate,  coarsely  and  den- 
tately  serrated,  with  the  nerves  thick  and  fea- 
thered, glabrous  on  both  surfieices.     Cymes  or 

corymbs  peduncuUte.  Bemes  small, 

and  nearly  globose,  of  a  dark  blue 

colour,  and  crowned  by  the  calyx. 

(Don*i  Mill,)   A  large  shrub.    New 

York    to   Ciarolina,    in    mountain 

woods;  and  also  in  Mexico.  Height 

4  ft.  to  6  ft     Introduced  in  1763. 

Flowers  white ;    June    and    July. 

Fruit  small,  nearly  globose,  dark 
blue,  and  crowned  by  the  calyx;  not  very  frequently  ripened  in  England. 

Farietiei,  In  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  are  plants  named  V.  d, 
pubhcem,  V.  d,  fdloi  variegatu^  Y,acummdlwn,  V.  lonmfo&um,  and  V.  mon- 
tdnum,  which  are  either  varieties  of,  or  identical  with,  uus  species. 

M  13,  V,  (d.)  pubs^scbns  Pttrth,    The  downy  Viburnum. 

JUetMhttthm,     Panh  Fl.  Amer.  Sa|»t.,  1.  p.  SOS. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  S. 

p.  S». ;  Don'i  MIU.,  8.  p.  441. 
S^noi^met,    f^.  deotUum  fi  pub^icens  Ait.  Hort.  Keto.  1.  P>168^ 

F,  denUtam  lemi-toinanttMuin  Mich.  FL  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  179- ;  r. 

tomentdtum  R(^bu  Med.  Rep.  S.  p.  860.  s   F.  riUdsom  Jl^^  in 

J>a^  Joum.  1.  p.  228. ;    F.  Raflneiqutfafitim  Schultes  Syit.  6. 

Smgraving,    OvxJIf.  968.  from  a  ipedmen  in  tiw  Bridih  MuMum. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Pubescent.  I^eaves  ovate^  acumi- 
nated, on  short  petioles,  coarsely  serrate-toothed, 
villous  beneath,  with  the  nerves  feathered  and  pro- 
minent. Ck)rymbs  pedunculate.  {DotCt  JMRIL)  A  low 
shrub.  Virginia  and  Carolina.  Height  3  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1736.  Flowers  white  ;  June  and  July. 
Fruit  smdl  ovate;  smaller  in  every  part  than  V, 
dentatum.  The  fruit  is  dark  blue,  but  sparingly 
produced ;  the  leaves  die  off  yellow  and  red.  g^s.  |r.(d.) 

M  14.  V,  Ni^TiDuu  AU.    The  shining-ZSpav^/  Viburnum. 

JdentifieaUom,     Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  1.  p.  871. ;  Purth  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  202. ;  Dec. 

Prod.,  4.  p.  826. ;  Don's  MUl.,  8.  p.  440. 
Bngrmrtitg     OmJIg.  964.  from  a  q>ecimen  in  the  Lambertian  hert>arium. 

Spec,  Char.,  4'c,  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  shining 
above,  obsoletely  serrated  or  entire.  Branches  tetragonal.  (Don's 
MUL)  A  low  shrub,  with  small  leaves.  Carolina  and  Georgia, 
in  sandy  barren  woods.  Heieht  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
1758.  Flowers  white ;  May  ana  June.    Fruit;  ?.    H.  S. 

Judging  from  the  plant  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  this  is 
a  very  diranct  species,  and  its  smooth  shining  vellowish  green  leaves  ^^ 
render  it  more  ornamental  than  most  of  the  others  of  this  section. 


r.  id.| 


§  ill.    (ypttlus  Tourn. 

Identifieailon,    Tonm.  Init.,  t.  876. ;  Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  828l  ;  Mcench  Meth.,  pi  eOS. 

Sect,  Char.  Outer  flowers  of  the  corymbs  radiant  and  sterile,  much  lai^ger 
than  the  rest,  which  are  fertile.  Seed  obcordate.  (Don's  Mill,)  Leaves 
mostly  3-lobed,  and  deciduous. 

m  15.  V,  O^puLUS  L,    The  Guelder  Rose. 

UemtificeMom.    Lin.  Sp.,  884. ;  Dec.  Prod.,  4.  p.  828. ;  Dan*s  Mill.,  8.  p.  442. 
Stfrnma/meB.    F,  lobttum  Lam.  FL  Fr.  8.  a  368. :  O'pulus  |riandulfttui  Meeneh  Meth.  p.  605. :  O^- 
liit  Mi  Sgu.  460. ;  StumbOcus  aquitica  Bamh.  Pin.  486. ;  Marsh  Elder,  Rom  Elder.  Water  Elders 


XL.  caprifolia'ce^  :   fibu'knuh. 

Vlonw-Olikr,  roUtr  d'Son^,  Fr. ;  ScbwMlknbMr  Bniicb,  Wav<thald< 

[h«  pcniUr,  from  kbm  luppoHd  rtMn 
9  poplv.    ilw  KnfUih  umidh,  Gogldar  I 

!^c.  Char^  ^c,  Quits  glabrouB  in  every 
part.  L^vea  tooed,  SJobed,  acumi- 
nited,  unequally  serrated,  veiny.  Petioku 
beset  with  glanda  towanls  the  top,  aud 
serenil  oUcwg  le«fy  eppendaees  town 
down.  CruMS  peduMiilate,  wnite,  with  / 
linear  bracteas ;'  witb  sev^al  of  the  | 
marginal  flowen  dilated,  flat,  radiant, 
and  without  atameiu  or  pistili.  Seed 
compressed.  (Don't  MiU.)  A  shrub  or 
low  Uec.  Europe  and  part  of  Aua,  in 
moist  hedges  and  swampy  thickets ;  fre- 
quent in  Britain,  and  also  in  Sweden,  ai 
tat  north  as  lat.  61°.  Height  6  ft  to 
18  ft.  in  a  wild  state,  and  higher  id 
mrdens.  Flowers  white ;  Iby  and 
June.  Fruit  elliptical,  crowned  by  the 
limb  of  the  calyx,  bii^t  red,  vmt  jiucy,  "    „^  ^.i 

but    bitter    and    nauseous.      Decayir- 
leaves  beautiltil  pink  or  ci 

ji  V.  O.  8  rtWa  Dec  Prod. !».  p.  3S8,  Don's  Mil.  iiL  p.*i2.  V.  O. 
rdseum  Bam.  et  Schuil.  Sj/iU  y'l.  p.  636. ;  the  Snow-ball  Tree,  or 
Guelder  Rose ;  Rose  de  Ouddres,  Pellotte  de  Nuge,  Boule  de 
Nrage,  Poire  molle.  Ft.;  Schneebatle,  Oer.  —  The  specific  name 
rdseum  is  applied  on  account  of  the  form  of  the  Sowers,  and  not 
because  of  their  colour.  Layers,  sometimes  by  suckers,  or  it  might 
be  grafted  on  the  species. 

■  V.  O.  3 /3£u  vanegaHi  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  has  the  leaves  yariegated 

with  white  and  yellow. 

■  V.  O.  4  ruJiu  Hort.— A  v^  disdnct  little  plant,  scarcely  I  ft.  in  height. 

Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 
The  Guelder  rose,  in  a  wild  state,  is  not  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its 
flowers;  but  its  brufat  red  berries,  which  ripen  in  September,  and  which,  to- 
wards the  middle  of  October,  assume  e  beaudiiil  pink,  almost  compeDsate  for 
the  inferiority  of  the  species  to  the  variety  in  point  of  flowers.  The  leaves  of  . 
both  die  oSoi  a  fine  red  on  the  first  approach  of  frost.  The  snow-ball  tree, 
or  the  Guelder  rose  (V.  0,  2  stMlis),  is  one  of  the  most  omameDtal  shrubs, 
or  low  trees,  that  can  be  planted  in  a  pleaaure^round. 

■  16.  F.  (O.)  JCBBIFO'LIVM  L.    The  Blaple-leaved  Guelder  Rose. 

Ua^Mlia.     Un.  8p.,  KLg   Pnnli  SnL,  I.  p.va.i   Dm.  Prod., 

4.  p.  an.  i  DoB'a  Mm.,  1.  p.  «u. 

AfnrrAw    V(bL  Hon.  C«Il.  t.T&i  Wau.  Dnd.BrtL,  t.  IIS.i  ad 

Spec.  Char^  tc.    Bianchlets  and  petioles  pilose.     Leaves  a 
ovate^cordate,   usually   3-lobed,    acuminat^   sharplv  ' 
and  loosely  serrated,  downy  beneath.     Petioles  g\Bai- 
less,  and,  irtien  youn^  stipulaceous  at  the  base,  end 
rather   tomentose.      Ccrvnibs   terminal,   pedunculate, 
not  radiant.  (Don't  JUiUS)     A  low  shrub.     New  Eng- 
land  to   Carolina,  in   rocky  mountabous   sitnationB. 
Hdght  4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  in   1736.     FJowers    - 
white  I  Blay  and  June.    Fruit  black,  oval,  and  com-  •J%*      ^ 
pressed ;  ripe  in  September.  an,  r.o.  •  un 


524  ABBOHETUH   ET    PRUTICETUM  SBITAtlKICDH. 


■  17.  r.(0.)o*imnrA\x  Pall,     The  EHtern  Guelder  Base. 
tdmOJealtm.     ML  Ban.  (.  H.  f  B.  i   D«  Pnd..  1.  p.  Mt ;   DH'tMaL.). 

fgmimgme,     <gPBlwcTlw«lly  WUo  MplfiilMi  trtlw*MB  nmrw-Cur.  p.«. 
gngrm^trntl.     AlL  H.  Ra«^  (.M-C  H.  i  Hd  nor  A.MT. 

^we.  Citdr.,  •(<:.  l«a*ea  3-)obed,  acmniiMted,  ooandj  uid 
bluDtl;  toothed.  Pedoles  glandlen,  glabnnu.  Corymba 
CenBuiat,  not  ndiut.  Fruit  oblong,  coirpreued.  Seed  oral, 
(umiihed  witb  two  channel!  on  both  ndu,  mMin  F.  Lantdna. 
(Doit's  Mil.)  A  low  nhnib,  Georgia,  in  Asia  Minor,  in 
woadH,  on  toe  mountain!.     Height  6  ft.  to   10  ft.     Inntv 


* 


(Dm'i  Mill.')  A  low  nhnib,  Georgia,  in  Aiia  Minor,  in  %  J  t^P 
woadH,  on  toe  mountain!.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Inntv  ^^  ^^^ 
duced  in  1B27.    Flower!  white  ;  ^ul}'.    Fniitt  ?.  MT-r-isjiUKtb. 

■  18.  r,  (O.)  OsTco'ccot  Pank.    Tbe  Cnubcnr^ffvtM  Gadder  Row. 

HflMtfeMliM.    FanliS^t.,1,  p.  M»-|  Dec.Pnd.,*. 

flSr:,  DoB-i  MUl,,  »^«*. 
Unmrma.     y.  hvqUUh  VUU.  CM.  d.  i  f.  MMn 

uStk.  -'r^.  ■«<  i  f*'  O-pnlol  BDolctM  .<«.  Orrt. 

" -'^-''  Odf  A-  **.  frg™  >  ipKlim  Id  t>w  Lb. 


^inr.  Cidr.,  .^f.  LesTea  34obed,  «cute 
behind,  3-nerved.  Lobei  divaricate,  acu- 
minated, coanel;  and  diatontly  serrated. 
Petiole!  glandular.  Cymei  radiant.  (2>i»>*i 
MiU.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  New  , 
York  and  New  Jeriej,  on  mouDlain!  «nd 
throughout  Canada,  to  the  arctic  circle. 
Height  6  ft.  to  IE  ft.  Flowen  white  ) 
Julj,  Fruit  lubglobose,  red,  of  an  agree- 
able acid,  reKmbLing  that  of  cruibernei, 

for  which  they  ares  rerj' good  nibatitute;  ^^ 

ripe  in  September.  ^^  r.  ip.j  o.,ua». 

■  V.  (O.)  O.  8  labaUegrifSlitu  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.  i.   p.  S8J.,   Don's 
Mill,  ill  p.  448. — Leave*  but  little  cut,  very  pubescent  beneath.    A 
native  of  the  banks  of  the  Columbia. 
•  V.  rO.)  0. 3  mSUit.  V.  oKSUe  Mi/Ax. 
Ft.   Bor.  Amer.  i,   p,  180.,  Doh'i 
Mill    iii.  p.  MS.;    y.   ainifolium 
ManhArb.p.la2.  (Our^.  B59.) 
—  Leaves   nearly  orbicular,  cor- 
date, plicate,  toothed.  {Don'$Mm.) 
Fruit  oblong  ovate,  red. 
Very  like  V.  Q'pulus,  and  dicfe  can  be 
no  doubt  but  that  it  is  only  the  American  ,^  ,  .ojo-bioi* 

form   of  that  species.     The  fruit  is  com- 

paratively  large,  and  rot  disagreeable  to  the  taste.  Were  a  great  number  of 
seedlings  grown  till  they  produced  fruit,  and  then  the  plant  producing  the 
largest  and  best-flavoured  fiiiit  selected  and  propagated  by  eitensioD,  the 
cranberry-fruited  guelder  rose  might  be  cultivated  in  our  kitchen-gardens  and 
orchards  for  the  same  purpose  as  the  common  cnuibeny.  We  have  no  doubt 
whatever  that  its  fruit  would  he  soon  as  much  relished  by  the  public  as  the 
cranberry  ;  and,  as  the  guelder  rose  is  less  difficult  in  regard  to  soil  and  situa- 
tion than  that  plant,  a  crop  of  fruit  mi^t  be  depended  on  with  _greatcr 
certainty.  At  all  events,  this  and  similar  experimentt  offer  bterestmg  and 
useful  employment  to  the  amateur  who  has  nothing  better  to  do. 

•  19.  K.  (O.)  kduVb  PuTih.    The  edible/nafcsi  Guelder  Rose. 

Pu«hSepl„l.  p.ara.i  Drc.  Prod.l.  p.SlB.)  Don'i  NUl., ».  r.  <«. 


,  ?.Char.,4c.  Leaves  S-lobed, 
bluntish  behind,  and  3-nerved 
Lobes  very  short,  denticulBtely 
aerrated ;  KiTBturea  acumi- 
nated.  Peliolea  glandular. 
Outer  flowers  of  corjnib  ra- 
diant. A  smaller  and  more 
upright  shrub  than  the  pro- 
ceding  species.  The  berries  of 
the  some  colour  sod  size ;  but, 
when  completely  ripe,  more 
agreeable  to  eat,  and  Irequently 
employed  as  a  substitute  for 
cranberries.  It  does  not  seem 
to  differ  much  from  K.  Oxy- 
cdccos,  except  in  the  broader 
base  of  the  leaf.  (Don',  Miii.)  , 
Canada  to  New  York,  on  the 
banks  of  rivers.  Heisht  5  ft. 
to  10ft.     Introduced  m  1618. 


Sect.  II.      LoHICB^KS.<B. 


a 


DIERVI'LL'l  Toura.    Thb  Dibrtilla.    Lm.  SyH.  Pentiiidria 

Monog^ia. 

Mmllfeaaim.    Toam.  Act.  Ac.  Fu.,  ITtNL  I.  T.  r.  1.  >  Dgc.  Piod^  *.  p.  UO. 

AwHWxm    Lonlnra  n.  L.;  Wslscid  Tkunb. Fl. lu.  p.  ft.)  wiI|iUs  Pan.  Eoch.  I.  p.  IK. 

Dirirmlieii,    Nunad  by  Tratrwian,  In  campllnwal  to  M.  DltnUlt,  t  Fnncb  Hirswin,  iilio  vu 


Gm.  Char.  Calyx  tuba  oblong,  bibracteate  at  the  base ;  limb  A^eft. 
Corolla  funnel-shaped,  3 — 5-deit,  spreading  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 
Slameiu  5,  somewhat  ezserted.  Slama  canitate.  Capiule  oblong,  acute, 
1-celled.     Seedt  nunierouB,  minute.  {Don',  MUL) 

Leaee,  simple,  opposite,  ex  stipulate,  deciduous;  ovate,  acuminated,  ser- 
rated. Flowert  in  axillary  pedlincles,  bibracteate,  usually  dichotonious,  — 
Shrubs,  deciduous.  North  America.  Common  soil,  and  suckers.  Five 
"pecics,  natives  of  Japan,  and  Gsured  by  Sieboldt,  are  probably  hardy,  but 
they  have  not  yet  been  introduced. 


.-  I.  D.  I 

Idmifieatiim.    Wllld.  Edc 


s  Waid.     The  Canadian  Diervilla. 

D<c.  Prod.,  1.  p.  MO.  ;  Don'l  Hill.,  S.  p.  4M. 
MX.  Htd.  p.  Si.  1  D.  Toomeffti    ■  "     ■       — 


p.lS&i  D.  IrUdiV 


E^raiA^i.     But.  Mlg.t.  IIM,  i  Scbmldt  Bnini..  t.  IIS.;  ud  ourjffl.Mt.  Dill  Ml. 

Spec.  Char.,  S/c,     Leaves  on  short  petioles,  ovate,  acuminated,  serrated,  and, 
as  well   as   the   petioles,  glabrous.      Fruit  a  dry  brown  capsule.      Root 


\ 


526 


ARBORETUM   ET   PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


creeping,  throwing  up  suckers.  (D(m*s 
MUi,)  A  bushy  shrub.  Carolina, 
New  England,  and  Newfoundland,  on 
rocks  and  the  highest  mountains.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  ft  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  brown  ; 
ripe  in  Sq>tember. 


There  are  a  number  of  varieties  of  this  species,  differing  in  respect  to  the 
size  of  the  flowers  and  of  the  leaves,  but  they  are  not  worth  keeping  distinct. 

Oenus  IV. 


LONFCERil  Desf.    Thb  Lonicera,  or  Honeysuckle.    Iah.  Sysl. 

Pentandria  Monog^nia. 

IdemtifUMiUm,    Desf.  FL  AU.,  1.  p.  188.  ;  Dec.  Prod,  4.  p.  380. ;  Don*!  MIU.,  8l  p.  444. 
Sifnoimnet.     Lonicera  tp.  lAm,,  and  many  authors ;  CS^rifMlum  and  Xvl6tteam  Jact.  Gas.  p.  SIS.; 

Xylosteom,  Caprlfbllum,  Cbamcoirasas,  Perlcl^menura  Tomm.  Intt,  t.  378.  andSTS. ;  Ckpniiblluin 

and  Lonfcera  Rcem.  et  Schult.  Syst. ;   Lonicera  and  XyUsteum  Tbrr^  FL  Um,  8i. ;  CbdviB- 

fetillle,  ^V*. ;  Geissblatt,  Honeigbltune,  and  Lonicere,  Ger. 
Derwaikm,    Named  after  Adam  Lonicer,  a  German,  who  was  bom  in  16SB,  and  died  in  1566.  There 

was  another  Lonlcer,  John,  who  wrote  comments  on  Diosoorldes. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  tube  5-toothed.  CoroUa  tubular,  campanulate,  or  funnel- 
shaped,  with  a  5-cleft,  usually  irregular,  limb.  SUtmens  5,  Style  filiform. 
Stigma  capitate.    Berries  3-ceiled.    Seeds  crustaceous.  (Don*s  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple,  opi>osite,  stipulate,  deciduous,  or  ever^een ;  sometimes 
connate,  entire,  occasionally  runcinate  in  the  same  species.  Flowers  ax- 
illary, or  capitate,  variously  disposed.  —  Shrubs,  erect  or  twining ;  natives  of 
Europe,  the  North  of  Afnca,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  greater  number  of  the  species  and  varieties  are  of  easy  culture  in 
British  gardens,  in  common  garden  soil ;  and  they  are  all  propagated  by 
cuttings,  or  some  of  them  more  readily  by  layers.  The  flowers  of  some  of 
the  species  are  highly  fi-agrant  and  ornamental;  and  that  of  the  common 
European  honeysuckle  is  supposed  to  have  given  rise  to  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  ornaments  of  Grecian  architecture.  ^The  honeysuckles  offer  an  easy 
opportunity  of  improvement,  by  intermixing  the  fragrant  and  more  vigorous 
with  the  yellow  and  the  scarlet.*'  (Herb,  Amaryll,  p.  363.)  The  eenus  Lo- 
nicera of  Linnseus  was  separated  by  Roemer  and  Schultes  into  the  genera 
Lonicera  and  Caprif^lium ;  but  they  were  reunited  by  DeCandolle,  whose 
arrangement  has  been  followed  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  6.  Don,  and  is 
adopted  by  us  on  the  present  occasion.  The  distinctive  characters  of  the 
sections  are  as  follows : — 

Capr^Uum,    Plants  twining.    Flowers  in  capitate  whorls. 
Xyl6ste%tm.    Plants  twining  or  erect.    Flowers  axillary. 

§  i.  Caprifblium  Dec. 

Uentifieatum,    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  4.  p.  S70. ;  Prod.,  4.  p.  831. 

Sifnonifmct,   C!spiif5Uum  Jvst,  Gen,  31 S. ;  Lonfcerii  Torr.  Fl.  Un.  St.  1.  p.  MS.,  bot  not  of  Sdnilt. 


XL.    CAPBIPOLIa'"CE«  :    LONl'CEB/*.  537 

m  e^rr,  m  eo«.  Had  .MAb,  ■  ksafi  tn  nAmm  to  Uh  riinbiiii  bibil  of  tiK 
^ipeAn  mixli  num  prMab]*.  Hcsuiv  goKU  iTf  fodd  of  browikig  on  i^  knToi. 
Sect.  Char,  Bcrnea  solitBiy.  while  young  S-celled,  but  when  mature  ueubIIj 
I-celled,  crowned  by  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  which  a  permanent.  Flowerm 
disposed  in  CBpitatc  whorls.  Twining  shrubs,  mostJy  deciduoua  ;  natires  of 
Europe,  the  ^orth  of  Africa,  China,  Nepal,  aod  iforth  America ;  all  of 
easy  culture,  and  tolerably  hardy,  but  none  of  them  of  long  duratioD. 

A,  Flowert  rmgent.  —  CapriJaSum  Toutn.  Inst.,  p.  606. 

J  1.  L.  Pskiclv'menum  L.     The  Woodbine,  or  ammon  JBoneytuetle. 

MauacaUon.   Lfai.  ap.,|L  MT.;  Dw-Frod.,  4jp.  Ut.  i  DoD'i  Mill.,  I.  p.  MS. 

Awnnnwt.    I^ntdtminniia  OiT.  Mmae.  p.  Bfl.)  i'HicIfiaHuiB  nniiiilcnn  JM.  Mm.  Itt. 

I.  \&  I  P.  bortiuH  Gtm.  tarn.  Pin.  toe.  I.  U.  t  >.  t  W !  OoriMhim  /■erklfnwBiiD  Barm,  ft 

WoodUiifi  CUmfH&la  d«  BoU,  Ft. ;  wIMa  g»«iilDM  CWiABK,  Sir.  i  iniBu  Kaapn- 
fMI«  DofCJl  i  Midn  Sdni.  iu<^  ud  ^oit. 
Cffftaten.  /■didfMDm,  frnn  perl,  noDd  atout,  ud  jMIS,  to  ndL  WoodblH  U  ■  compMiici 
gdragdM^udbotlitllad*  to  tbt  biUI  of  the  oonmoa  un,  <i(  vlodlnt  KhU  maud  nar  mt 
ud  •hrub  wtthla  lU  nuta,  md  Msdlu  i^hb  lagMbiT,  Ib  Uh  ttaia  of  Ctmear,  th*  weadUn 
mi  conildmd  u  th*  <ibh«  of  tna  Ion,  hon  tUi  propan*.  Tba  Bwiw  of  BaoannAla  bo 
nfenBH  ID  tlw  ftndBw  o(  iMIdnQ  ftw  tUi  pint,  <rbo  nniH  thaB>d«M  vHli  imlat  tin 
tniDpaMbiipad  eonlUi  fron  tba  odn,  to  wik  tbt  hoDt;  fram  tb*  HauT.  CMmJMllo  ud 
GeUdJIia  lutli  ^nitr  IH>nllr.coit(I«*f.    Hw  Sponlihud  iMltuumM,  Uadn  Mi*,  rood 


EiVrnA«l.    BDgl.  Bot.,  Land.}  Schmldl  Alb.,  t.lOT.  I  udBUrA-WI. 

Spec.  Char.,  (fC,  Leaves  all  separate,  deciduous,  sometimes 
downy,  glaucous  beneath,  ovate,  obtuse,  attenuated  at  the 
base  ;  upper  ones  the  smallest.  Heads  of  flowers  all  ter- 
minal, orate,  imbricated.  Flowers  ringent.  There  are  Tfc- 
rieties  of  this  species  with  dther  smooth,  pubescent,  or 
variegated  leaves;  and,  when  the  plant  grows  by  the  sea 
nde,  they  are  occasionally  more  daucous  and  rather  succu- 
lenL  Corollas  externally  deep  red  ;  or,  in  the  earlieNllower- 
iog  TarietieA,  all  over  buff-coloured  ;  in  the  maritime  plant, 
smaller  and  greenish.  Berries  neiiHy  globular,  accompanied  „ 
by  permanent  bracteas.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  twining  deciduous 
shrub,  which  always  turns  from  east  to  west.  Europe ;  common  in  hedges, 
groves,  and  thickets ;  plentiful  in  Britain.  Stem  1^  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers 
rich  yellow  ;  June  and  July,  and,  in  moist  summers,  also  in  August, 
and  sometimes  m  September.  Fruit  deep  red,  bitter  and  i 
b  September, 
Vmiefiet. 

S  L.  V.2i, 

Ait.  HoTt.  Kew., 

t.   p.  378,    Peii- 

dyinenum 

minicum 

DictmniB:  Vo.  i., 

(Schmidt,Oester.  a 

Baumi.    t,  lOe.; 

and  our^.  9S4.) 

—  BrsDchea   gl»- 

Iwtni*.      Flowers 

late,  and  reddish. 

This,  the  late  red 

honeysuckle,  produces  a  greater  number  of  flowers  tc^etbtx  than 

either  the  Italian  (No.  $.)  or  Dutch  hon^suckle.  so  that  it  nukes  a 

finer  appearance  than  dtber  of  them  during  its  period  of  flowering- 
Introduced  in  1715. 
S  L.  P.  3  bilffcitm.    Pericl^menuEi  germiuicum  MM.  Diet,  No.  4. — 

Branches  smooth,  purplish.    Leaves  obloujMival,  of  a  ludd  green 

above,  but  pole  bcnieatn,  on  lon^  petioles.     Flowers  iu  terminal  ver- 

ticiltate  heads ;  each  flower  arisi:^  out  of  a  scaly  cover,  reddish  on 


528  ARBORETUM  ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITAMHICUH. 

the  outside,  and  yeUawiBh  within ;  of  a  verj'  agreeable  odour.    Tbia, 
which  is  commoiily  called  the  Dutch  honcyauckle,  Diay  be  trdned 
with  itemB,  and  fonned  into  heads  ;  which  the  wild  Bort  cannot,  the 
branches  being  too  weak  and  trailing  for  the  purpoae. 
i  L.  P.  i  querdfiliam  Ait,  Hort.  Kew.,  the  (W[-lea»ed  Uoneynickle, 
has  the  leavCB  sinuated  like  those  of  on  oak.    Found  wild  in  several 
parts  of  England.    Thne  b  a  subvariety  of  this,  with  the  leaves 
slightly  marked  near  the  margiu  witii  yellow.    The  flowers  »re  like 
those  of  the  species. 
All  the  varieties  of  the  common  honeysuckle  are  beautiful  and  fragrant ; 
and,  either  trained  against  a  wall,  twining  round  a  pole  and  over  a  parasol 
^,  or  climbing  and  nunblin^  among  bushes,  form  great  ornaments  to  ^rdens. 
They  are  proiHigated  by  cuttings ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  these  do  not  suc- 
ceed owing  to  the  tubular  shoots  admitting  the  wet  during  winter,  and  rotting 
the  upper  part  of  the  cutting,  that  the  more  common  mode  of  pn^iegation  is 
by  layers.     Both  layers  and  cuttings  are  made  in  the  autumn,  as  soon  as  the 
leaves  have  dropped;  and  they  become  sufficiently  rooted  in  one  year.  (See 
Emyc.  ofOard.,  edit.  1835.) 
-L  2.  L.  Capbifo^iuu  L.   The  OoatVieaf,  or  pate  pcrfo^Ue,  Honeysuckle. 
Otmlifiiatiim.    LliL  Sp.,  p.  MS.  j  Dec.  Frod,  1  p.  SI . ;  Doa'i  Mill., a.  0.444. 
Sgwmirma,    i^L&jiqmuin  ^urUAMUimGtT.Emac.  p-SSL.i  Cb^nftulUe  del  judiu,  f^. :  Dor^- 

iricGiaia,  GtT. :  6*pnn>Uo.  luU. 
Stignthitt.     Ens-  Bat.,  t.  rw.  I  ud  dutA.  MS. 

^c.  Char.,  ^c  Leaves  deciduous,  obovate, 
acutish,  glaucous ;  uppermost  ones  broader 
and  connate.  Flowers  ringent,  terminal,  dis- 
posed in  capitate  whorls.  Stems  twining^ 
from  left  to  right.  Buds  acute,  glaucous. 
The  lower  leaves  are  distinct,  and  somewhat  ' 
stalked;  two  or  three  of  the  upper  pairs  united; 
the  uppermost  of  all  forming  a  concave  cup. 
Flowers  in  one  or  more  axillary  whorls,  the 
uppermost  whorl  terminal ;  with  a  central 
bud,  6  in  each  whorl,  highly  fragrant,  S  in. 
lone,  with  a  blusb-colouried  tube.  Berriea 
each  trowned  by  an  almost  entire  calyx, 
(JDm'i  Mm.')  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
Middle  and  South  Europe,  even  to  the  river 
Tereck  in  Siberia,  and  on  Mount  Caucasus, 
in  woods,  hedges,  and  thickets ;  in  England, 
it  has  been  occasionally  found  in  similar 
situations,  in  an  apparently  wild  state    Stem  hj.  i.  i^iriftimi. 

15ft.  to   soft.       Flowers  blustwioloured ; 

May  and  Juue.  Fruit  elliptical,  tawny  or  orange-coloured ;  ripe  Sqtlonber. 
i  3.  L.  (C.)  ETBu'sc*  SatOi.     The  Etruscan  Honeysuckle. 
aVt.M.,l.p.llS.  I.  l.i  Uee.  Prod.,  4.  p.  Ml.; 


amaiiwua.  L.  ttrSta  Hon.  ft.  Amir.  I .  p.  ISS. :  O 
raSiaail  Smm.  a  ScluiU.SfH.  6.  p.SSl.  ;  ftridjmeni 
Hon.  p.  IDl.j   cipriraUum  ittllctun  perFolUituin  pre'D 

'       p.  SOS.  1  Ths  Itallm  Hcannv 

•Avi.     Siuiti  Vlagg..  l.p.  IIS. 


.  ,  Leaves  deciduous,  obovate,  obtuse, 
pubescent;  lower  ones  on  short  petioles,  upper  ones 
connately  perfoliate,  acute,  glabrous.  Flowers  dis- 
posed in  verticillate  heads,  with  usually  about  three 
heads  on  the  top  of  each  branch  ;  glabrous. 
(Don'i  JUiJl,^  A  deciduous  twining  shrub.  South  of' 
France,  Sialy,  Valais,  Camiola,  and  Dalmatia, 
on  hiUi.    Stem  10ft.  to  80 ft.    Introduced  FITOO. 


,     XL.  caphi^olia'ce*  :  loni'cer-*.  629 

Ftowen  purpli^  on  the  outude;  ydlow  within,  tceuted ;  Maj  aDd  June. 
Pniit  yellow  j  ripe  in  August. 


S.  4.  L.  inplb'sa  Ait.    Tbe  interwoven,  c 

JdimMcmUeii.  All.  Hort.  K«w^  I.  p.BI.1  D«c.Pn>il.,4.p. 
BwKtrima.  aprifUliim  taBnlbium  Jin.  d  SoU/r.  9^11.  h 
tmtrSrlmtl.    Bat.  Klf,  t.  AO,  I  ud  ourjff,  MT. 

j^^ef.  Oar.,  4^.  Quite  riabrouB.  Leaves 
pennanent,  evergreen,  glBuceacent ;  lower 
ones  oblong,  diatinct ;  middle  ones  per- 
foliate 1  uppermost  ones  connate,  forming  a 
hollow  roundish  cup.     Flowers  disposed 


in  capitate  whorls,  rin^t ;  purplish  before 

**— "  -pen,  hat  becoming  pfuer  on  tbe  ou* 

B  thej  expand,  white  on  the  inndi 


but  finally  changing  to  yellow, 
conuDon  woodbine.  (Soa'i  Jllili.)  A  twin- 
ing erergreen  shrub.  Balearic  Islands, 
and  Sidlf .  Stem&lOft.  to  15fL  Intro- 
duced in  177S.  Ftowen  purplish,  finally 
changing  to  yellow  ;  June  to  Beptetnbo'. 
rarely. 

i.  L.  i.  2  baleinca  Viv.  Camb.  p.  S4.  C^rifdlium  baleiricum  Dim. 
Conn.  Bot.  CitlL,  ed.  9.  vol.  iv.  p.  358.;  L.  balcArica  Dec.  PI.  Fr. 
Stippl.  499.;  L.  Caprmiimne^.  FL  AU.  i.p.  183.—  Lower  leave* 
somewhat  cordate  ;  upper  ones  coDDate,  obovate,  glaucous  beneath. 
Evergreen.  Bark  of  uaoches  violaceous,  clothe!  with  glaucous 
bloom.  Flowers  4—6  in  a  head,  large,  ctoud- coloured,  15  in.  to 
I8in.  long. 

J  5.  L.  FIaVa  Smi.     The  yellow^DtMnnf  Honeysuckle. 

Uimt^taHim.    Bot.  ■!•«.,  t.  UlS.j  Tttn.  Prod.,  4.  p.  an. ;  Don'i  HIIL,  i.  p.  «M. 

£v<i.M(i.    But.  IU«.,  I.  Ills.  1  null  vajf.  sS.       "  ^^  '^      ' 

Spec.   Char.,   Sfc.      Quite  glabrous.      Bnutches 
twining  a  little.     Leaves  ovate,  sometime* 
glaucous  beneath,  with  cartUaginou*  margins ; 
upper  leaves  connatelv  perfoliate.      Flowers 
in  tenniDal  verticillaLe  beads.    Corolhis  rather 
riogent;  with  oblong  obtuse  lobes.     Flowers 
bright   ydlow,  but,   as  they   fade,  becoming 
orange-coloured;  very  fragranL   (Don'tMiil^ 
A  twining,  deciduous   shnib.     Paris   Moun- 
tains, in  South  Cbto  '  ' 
Una;    and   the  Cats 
kill  Mountains,   Nev 
York.   Stem  10  ft.  b 
12  ft.    Introduced  ii 
leiO.  Flowers  brigh: 
yellow  ;     June    ami 
•cTi-an.                      Ju'y-     Pniit?.  > 
A  veiy  desirable  species,  from  the  lai^  size,  ric 

fellow  colour,  and  gratdul  fr^Tvnce  of  its  flowas 
ut  somewhat  tender,  and,  even  in  the  neighboui 
bood  of  London,  requiring  the  protection  of  a  wall.  ) 


Doa'illin,S.p.«4t. 


580  ARBORETUM  ET  FBUTICETUH  BRITAHNICUH. 

^yiuviHf.     CqrIMtam  pidifaimCaUte  liiEdta.PMf.JaMV.im,  April,  p.l9S|    L-blnOu 

SotoH  Vk  JW.  Af.a.p.MI.1  L,  MUUSpniK.  StilI.  p.ns. 
£i«ra>«v>-    Hook.  Bioc  Fl.,  I.IJ.  i  But.  H^,,  1. 11(0.  j  udoDt^.  9*9. 

i^Kc.  CS^.,  ^e.  Leaves  broad-ovat&«[lipti(^  on  ihort  petioles,  pubescent 
>nd  dilated,  gUucous  beneath  ;  upper  ones  connately  perfoliate.  Spiken  or 
racemes  composed  of  yerticillate  heads  of  flowers.      Corollas  bcKt  with 

Slanduler  pubescence.  Flower*  yellow.  (Dcn'i  JUUJ,)  TliU  appears  to 
old  the  place  in  the  more  northern  parts  which  L.  Bkv^  does  in  tne  south ; 
of  which,  indeed,  Dr.  Torre;  suspects  it  to  be  a  variety.  (Hook.  FI.  Bar, 
Aner.,  p.2S8.)  A  deddnoiu  twining  shrub.  North  America,  in  Hbbba- 
chunetts,  Vennont,  New  York,  and  (^ada,  in  manj'  places.  Stems  lOft. 
to  18  ft.  Introdnced  In  ISeS.  Flower*  yctlow  ;  June  and  July.  Fruit  ?. 
It  appears  hardier  than  the  preceding  sort. 

■i  7.  L,  piBTtFLo'ftA  Lam,     The  niuD-Sown^  HoncTaKkle, 

Idmif/UmUim.    Lui.  DM.,  1.  p.ns.(  D<e.  Prod..  <.  p.  *M.  i  DoD't  IHII.,  1.  p.  MS. 

' ,    OiprtftiUaiB  pvTlUniB  Fmnk  Sal.  I.  p.  ISI.  |  LonlnM  dlDka  Un.  Smtl.  Vim,  at. 

.1  L.  n*dUi  Mwr.  Mf .  Oomm.  OitCXTK  p.  3«.tS.t  CiprilMlan  incMniB  Xu*. 
] .    _  —      cmlMlam  dloteum  Bam.  tt  ScJmlt.  M.  0,  p.  Ica  i  OprtnitaB 

'  BUT  Jilt.  170.  ud  m. 

spec.  Char„  ^c.  Quite  glabrous,  Leavet 
elliptic,  sessile ;  lower  oneg  somewhat 
connate;  upper  ones  connatel;  perfoliate^ 
vet;  glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  disposed 
in  verticillate  head*.  Corollas  glabroo*, 
wid)  tubes  gibbous 
at  the  base  on  one 


1  £uMu  Ho 
mumoMilMll 
iH,  ■TSTTuid . 


bairv.    Yl 

y(Jlow,_ 


,         smsller  than  il 
^      of    the    forcgoJT^ 

Bpedes,  but  var^-  , 

ing  exceedingly  in 

their    colour  ;    for 

„  mentioned  by  Mt-  «,].  i_^rAita. 

chaui     in     which 
«  purple.  (Doti't  MilL)  A  dedduou*  twining  shrub.   New  England  to 


i;  frequent  in  Ca 
wnalf,  yellow  ;  J 


la  ft.  Introduced  in  1776.   Flowers  wnalf,  yellow  ;  June  and  July.    Fruit 
-*  e.  L,  (p.)  DovULA^ii  Dec.    Douglas's  HoneynicUe. 

MnMcaHtm.     Dae  TtbA.,  (.  p-tR-i  Book.  Fl.  Hat. 

Anxr,  I   p.  Kl.J  I>aa'iHUl-lp.Mt. 
SyiHinH.    OprHtllDiB  D«ilii«  UwU.  Hoft.  Tniu.  1. 

Bmtrarlat-  Our  Jit-  vn.  fma  ■  ipaelBm  fai  Dr.  LlndlT'i 

^pee.  Char.,  ^,  Leave*  oval,  acute  at  both 
ends,  petiolale,  glabrous,  dliated,  tomentose 
on  the  outnde ;  upper  ones  connate.  Flow- 
ers disposed  in  imitate  whorls.  Stigmas 
exserted.      Stamens    enclosed.      Corollas 

Cssccnt,  bilabiate,  deep  orange  red. 
ves  4  in.  to  6  in.  long,  deep  green. 
(Don'i  Mill.)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
Western  coast  of  North  America,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Saskatchawan.  Stems  10  ft. 
to  15  ft.  Introd.1824.  Flower*  deep  orange 
yellow;  July  to  September.     Fruit?. 


XL.    CAFTtteOLIA.'-CRX  :    LOHI'CEB^. 

L.  hispi'dul*  Datigl.    The  brutly  Hoiteysiidcle. 


. Dmigl.  Has, 

StmmtaK.   CkpiUMIiiiD  bUpMnlum  Ltmdi.  Sot.  Sir. 
AwniAw    Mt  Bai,Cln\.;aAmitJigi.m.iaim4. 

:.  Char,,  <$c.  Hiapidly  pUoae. 
Umbele  pedunculate.  Corolla 
smooth,  bilabiate,  longer  than 
tbe  tube  of  the  limb.  Sto- 
meni  exserted.  Leaves  peti- 
olate,  cordate-ovate,  obtuse, 
gUucouB  beoeath,  sessile  to- 
warda  the  summit.  Stem 
slender.  Flowers  small. 
(XmA)  A  prostrate  shrub. 
North-west  America,  in  woods. 
Stem  S  ft.  to  S  ft.  Introdueod 
in  1826.  Flowers  rose-co- 
toured,  nearly  BCeDtleasi  Julj 
and  AugusL    Fruit  ?. 


bonevsuddes.    In  cominon  sofl  it  can  scarcely  be  kept  alive ;  but  in  peat 
and  loem  it  grows  as  readily  as  any  other  hardy  American  plant. 

J  10.  L.  ob&Va  Ait.    The  pleasant,  or  evergreen.  Honeysuckle. 

UmlHliiatleH.    All.  Hort.  Kair.,  l.B.ttl.,  D«.  Prod.  4.p.  SSI;;  Dob'iWIL.S.  p.MS. 

. '^-"Miuiiifn^Eil  Arit  Sn(.1.  p.161.;  £.  TlnlaUu  Uarl*.<ri.   lie.;    1  Ptrl- 

i™™l.m  n^   ~-  -.;  CmiVoUoieamnaia,  Ilal. 
S-i  nodouTj^.  9Uk 

Spec,  Char.,  S^,  Leaves  permanent,  obovate,  rather  mucronate, 
gUncoua  beneath,  and  reticulately  v^ed,  sUbrous ;  upper 
ones  connately  perfoliate.  Spikes  composed  of  approxunate 
trhoria  of  flowers.  Corollas  ringent.  Branches  reddish 
brown.  FlowersiDcltnin^toscarlet  on  the  outside,  accord- 
ing to  Pursh.  ConJla  nngent,  reddish  on  the  outside,  nsd 
ydlow  inside.  Benies  red.  (Don't  AfiU.)  A  Bub~evei^een 
twining  sbrub.  Carolina  to  New  York,  on  the  mountaiiu, 
rambling  among  rocks,  in  riwdy  n"-'-* 
Stems  15  fL  to  SOft  Introd.  :  ' 
1730.  Flowers  yellow,  red, 
andwbite;  Juneor  Julyto  Sep- 
tember, and  sometiRiee  till  the 
ccMnmencementof  trost.  Fruit  ^ 
red ;  ripe  in  September. 
The    plant    is    of     vigorous 

growth,  with  woody  stems,  and 

will  live  longer  than  moat  ol  the 

other  spedes.     It  is  infaiM'  in 

vigour  only  to  L.  japAnica,  the 


a^>rif&lium  flexuisum  of  the : 


-1  11.  L.  SKHpmvi^HKNs  Mt.       The  evergreen 

TVtanpet  Honeysuckle. 
/ilflUMUMSiL     All.  HoK.  Knr..  ],  B.  MO.!  Dec.  Prod.,  4. 

p.m;  Ddo-iHII]-*.  p-MS. 
Stmemma-    dnritlilhiin  ufBpanlmu  UleJm.  FU  Bar.  Amtr. 

I.  t>.  ISO.  ;  FthOt^tavB  KniiiWTlrmi  Mm.  Did.  Mo.  1. ; 


532 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


977.  L.  ■.  tai^fm, 


AlMibnvM  lempeiTlrent  Keekl.  es  Slemd. ;  Perldfmeniiin  TirglnUcom  Rh.  Mom,  116. ;  Madra 
Selva  de  VlndniA,  ItaL 
Rngravings.    Hort  Angl.,  t  7. ;  Kraou,  1. 1. ;  and  oarfy,  9761 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Quite  glabrous.  Leaves  persistent,  sub-evergreen,  obovate 
or  ovate,  glaucous  beneath ;  upper  ones  connatelv  perfoliate.  Spikes  nearly 
naked,  composed  of  whorls  of  flowers.  Tube  of  corolla  ventricose  on  the 
upper  side;  limb  nearly  regular,  with  5  roundish  lobes.  Branches  brown. 
Leaves  deep  green  above,  2  in.  long  and  1  in.  broad.  Whorls  of  flowers 
usually  3,  at  the  top  of  each  branch.  Flowers  of  a  beautiful  scarlet  out- 
side, and  yellow  inside,  about  1  in.  long,  inodorous.  There  are  several 
varieties  of  this  species,  particularly  one  with  an  almost  upright  stem. 
(JChn^t  Mill,)  A  subnevergreen  twinine  shrub.  New  York  to  Carolina, 
in  dry  stony  woods.  Stems  6  ft.  to  10  u.  Introduced  in  1656.  Flowers 
scarlet ;  from  May  till  August.    Fruit  reddish  yellow ;  ripe  in  September. 

Farieties, 

A  L,  $,  %  major  Ait.  Curt.  Bot 
Mag.  1781.  (Schmidt  Baum. 
t.  104. ;  and  our  fig,  977.)  — 
Leaves  roundish,  and  flowers 
very  large,  and   of  a  brilliant 
scarlet, 
i  £.  «.  3  minor  Ait.  Sims  Bot. 
Bfag.  1753.  (Ker  Bot.  Reg. 
t.  556. ;   and  our  fig,  978  j 
L.    connata  Meerb,   Icon,  t. 
11.?  —  Leaves  oblong,  acute 
at  both  ends ;  upper  ones  ob- 
tuse, perfoliate.  Flowers  small, 
and  scarlet  both  outside  and  inside. 
.1  Xr.  «.  4  Br6wnVL  Gordon,  -^  Flowers  larger 
and  brighter  than  those  of  the  species. 
A  very  desirable  variety. 

The  fine  scarlet  flowers  of  this  species,  and  the  length  of  time  during  which 
thev  are  produced,  render  it  a  very  desirable  one;  but  it  is  somewhat  tender, 
and  rather  capricious  in  r^ard  to  situation.  It  will  not  thrive  in  clayey  or 
wet  soil ;  neither  in  the  smoke  of  cities,  nor  in  a  confin^  situation.  It  grows 
well  in  sand,  but  still  better  in  sandy  peat. 

J  12.  L.  ciLio^sA  Potr.    The  ciHSaXeA-Jeaved  Honeysuckle. 

Men^fieaticn.    V<At,  Sappl..  5.  p.  619. ;  Dea  Prod.,  4.  p.  88SL ;  Don*t  MfU.,  &  p.  44fiL 

Stfnonifme$,    Ca|>rlftUuni  dUbfum  Pttnh  FU  Amer,  Sept.  I.  p.  160. ;  U  dlfita  Dieir.  Lcr.  SmppL 

4.  p.  S6S. 
Engraving,    Our  fig,  979.  from  a  tpeeimen  In  the  Lambertlan  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Upper  part  of  the  branches  hairy  on  one 
side.  Leaves  coriaceous,  reticulated,  ovate,  on  short  petioles, 
glaucous  beneath,  and  ciliated  on  the  margins ;  upper  ones  con* 
nately  perfoliate.  Sfukes  composed  of  approximate  verticillate 
heads  of  nearly  sessile  flowers.  Tube  of  corolla  hairy,  ven- 
tricose in  the  middle;  limb  nearly  equid.  Peduncles  beset 
with  glandular  hfurs.  (^DorCi  MUl,)  A  deciduous  twining  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  banks  of  the  Kooskoosky.  Stem  6  ft. 
to  18ft.  Introduced  in  1825.  Flowers  deep  yellow;  JuJy 
and  August.    Fruit  ?. 

S  13.  L.  occiDENTA^is  S[ook,    The  Western  Honeysuckle. 

Ideniifieation.    Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  S62.  |  Don't  MOL,  8Lp.  446. 

Amonjnnes,    CbprifMium  ooddentile  Undl,  BoU  Beg,  %,  1407. ;  c!^prtf511um  dlidfom  J>imgU$  MSS. 

Engravingt,    Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1457. ;  and  our^.  960. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  oval,  almost  sessile,  glabrous,  ciliated,  glaucous 


97ft.    L,*. 


0T».  UdUbM. 


XL.  caprifolia''cea  :  loni'ceil^.  533 

beneath ;  upper  ones  connatdj  pcHbliat&  Flowen  dU- 
poeed  in  verticiUate  heodi.  Corolls  glabrous,  with  sn 
elongated  tube,  which  is  pbbous  above  the  hose;  the 
limb  nearlj  emial.  Stamens  almost  enclosed.  {Don't 
mU.)  Branches  and  peduDclet  glabrous.  A  decidu- 
ous twining  shrub.  Fort  Vancouyer,  on  the  Columbia. 
Stems  6  ft.  to  IS  ft.  Introduced  in  ISS^  Howeri 
large,  orange  red ;  June,  July,  and 
August  Fruit  ' 
Agreatacquimtion  toourgardensi  i 

quite  different  from  L.  pubte^ns,  L.  ~ 

parrifiora,  and  L.  Dou^Asn ;  and,  if 
MO.  I  ii^iiMinii'       '^c  presence  or  abeeoce  of  hairs  in 

the  corolla  are  to  be  depended  on, 
it  b  also  different  from  L.  cilidsa,  which  ioh^ts  nearly 

L.  pUota  Willd.,  Dec.  Prod.  ir.  p.  833.,  f^mriH&Iium 
villdaum  H.  B.  ei  Kialh  A^of.  Ge».  Amur.  iii.  p.  427. 
t.  SD8.  (and  our  fg.  961.),  is  a  Dstive  of  New  Spain, 
in  txAA,  places,  with  purple  flowers,  not  yet  introduced. 

$  u.  Xylddeum  Dec 
.  1  Don't  urn.,  s.  p.  MS. 

,L;  liODk«ra  Rmb.ot  Bchuh-  Bnt.B. 

;    Xj16«tBam*zid  itUd  AdBU.  rao.  S 


Seel.  Char.,  ^.  Pedicels  axillary,  2-flow«^  bibrocteate  at  the  apex.  Berries 
twin,  distinct,  or  joined  together  more  or  less  ;  S-celled  in  the  young  state; 
rarely  ^celled  in  the  adult  state.  The  Umb  of  the  cslyz  is  genera^  de- 
ciduous, therefore  the  fruit  is  usually  not  crowned,  {Don't  Mil.)  Comb- 
ing or  erect  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  leares  never  connate.  Of  the  easiest 
culture,  and  extremely  hardy. 

Floioen  irrtgidar,— 

JipOnloi  In  Chlu. 


Spec.  Ckar,t^c,     Branches   twining,   pubescent.  > 
Leaves  ovate,   acute,   rounded   at    the   base,  4 
downy  on  both  surfaces,  as  well  as  the  pedun-   ■ 
clea.       Peduncles   udUary,   longer    than    the  ', 
petioles.   Showered,     opposite,    disposed    in 
something   like  a  thyrsc  at  the  tops  of  the 
branches,     Calycine  segments  ovate,  and,  as 
well  Bs  the  corollas,  pubescent.     The  flowers 
are  snow-white  at  first,  but  gradually  change 
to  a  golden  yellow  colour ;  hence  it  is  called 
Suikadsara  and  Kinpnqua,  that   is  goh}  and 
silver  flowers,  by  the  Japanese.     Corolla  about  ,,^  ,_  „!„„ 

an  inch  long,  bilabiate,  (Don't  Mill.)     A  de- 
dduouB  twining  shrub.  Japan,  China,  and  the  Himalayas.   Stem  10 II,  to 

MM  3 


534  auboretum  et  fruticetum  britannicuh. 

16ft.  Introduced  in  1605.  Flowen  Bilrery  white,  cbaoging  to  gold  colowi 

June  aad  Jui;.    Fnitt  ?. 

It  is  K>iiiewhBt  tender ;  nererthelesB,  it  wilt  grow  and  flower  fred;  ^aiost 
an  open  wall  in  the  ndgfabouriiiKid  of  London  ;  and  the  extraordinary  &b- 
grance  of  its  Rowers,  which  are  produced  in  the  greatest  Bbundsnce^  wdl 
entitles  it  to  a  place  in  ever]'  collection. 

J  15.  L.  LONQiFUt^iu  Dec.    The  long-flowered  HonqpsucUe. 

:.  Prod.,1.  p.na.!  Don-i  Mill.,  s.  p.MT. 

[Mlom  Iiuisrunui  StMnei  mauu  loDfinn  Swt.  Hert. 


£ivnvliv>'    Bot.Ri*,t.lW».i  iiid«irJ(f-'-W»'iw"l«W. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Glabrous  in  ever;   part. 
Branches  twining.    Leaves  pedolste,  ob- 
long-lanceolate^ shinhig  abov^  and  pale 
beneath.      Pednndes    short,    S-flowired, 
about  the  length  of  the  petioles.    Tube 
of  corolla  very  long  ana  filiform  ;  hmb 
bilabiate.     Flowen  several  inches  long,  at 
first  snow-white,  but  finally  cfaonnng  to  s 
golden  yellow  colour.  {Don't  MiU.)  A  de- 
ciduous twining  shrub.    China  and  Vepal. 
Stem  10ft.  to  15ft.     Introducedin  1""" 
Flowers   snow   white,  changing  to  , 
colour;  July  to  Sqitember.     I'niit?. 
A  very  showy  species,  but  it  is  somewhat  ***■  ^^^ 
to.  i.mi«>»-         tender  in  BritiA  gardens. 

S  16.  L.  japo'nica  ThmJi,    The  Japan  Honeysuckle. 

-         -      -  —  iiiib.n.Jl|l.,p.SB.iDoiI'>llUl.,S.p.44I. 

lB](ptiilc>3iM.  »ir<.Bfi(.  eiLS.;  L.  ddnlulj  BM.  £w.  i  L-flKotaEaM, 

L.  ilMriu  Km*.  ;  fteitnilDin  ctalDtcK  Limi.  Ban.  BrM.  i  C.  Sant«D>  Bort. 

1.  BiU..l.llT.i  Bot.  C*b.,  1.  ICOT.  I  But.  B(«.  1.711.1  u>d  our^j^.  SS£.  s^SM. 
Spec.  Char,,  ^.  Stems  twining,  flexuoni,  hairy. 
Branchlets  opponte,  very  hairy,  bearing  S  leavea 
and  8  sesule  flowers  at  the  base  of  eadi.  LeavM 
about  an  inch  long,  petiolat^ 
orate,  acutish,  villous,  pale  b^ 
neatb ;  uppomost  ones  toe  small- 
est.  C<nMlla  tubular,  irr^ular, 
about  an  inch  long,  red  and  vil- 
louB  on  the  outside,  and  white 
inside,  sweet-acented,  equal  in 
length  to  the  Btameni.  Cpi">'' 
JUtU.)  A  twining  shrub,  China, 
Japan,  end  the  Himalayas.  Stems 
15ft.to30a.  Introducedin  1806. 

.loL  Flowers  yellow  and  red ;  July  to 


Perhaps  the  most  valuable  species  of  tbe  genus,  ncit  ti 
one.  It  is  nearly  evergreen,  af^iarentlj  as  hardy  as  the  cc 
and  of  far  more  robust  hsUt  of  growth  ;  and,  probably,  a 
lived  ptanL  Its  flowers,  which  are  produced  for  several  months  together,  are 
exceedingly  fi«grant ;  and,  by  prum'ng  and  watering,  it  may  be  kept  in  flower 
in  the  open  garden  &om  April  to  November,  and  m  a  conservatory  throu^ 
out  tbe  year.  No  garden  wnatever,  whether  huge  or  iinall,  should  be  without 
this  species.    Intending  purchasers  of  this  species  wUl  find  that  plants  in  pot* 


Intending  purcl 
«  preferred,  Ih 


are  much  to  be  preferred,  though  they  arc  one  half  dearer ;  because^  if  tfaey 


XL.    CAPRIFOLIA^CEX  :    LONl'cER^. 

are  turned  out  into  b  large  raaas  of  pr^iared  li^t 
rich  ami,  and  placed  ageiiut  a  wall,  the  ball  bemg 
brokoi,  and  the  roots  spread  carefiilly  out  in  even 
direction,  the  aboota  will  cover  aeTeral  square  yanb 
of  nil  the  first  nimm^,  and  flower  abuiMMotly. 

L.  lon^SSa  Hort  and  our  Jig.  987^  of  whkfa  there 
are  plants  in  the  London  gtudens,  probably  beloiWB 
to  this  section.  The  plants  are  apparentlj  onlj  hau'- 
hardjr.    Fruit  blue. 

B.  Bcrriei  duthict,  or  tuiuUlj/  eoimait  together  at  the  Bate,  and  dherging  at  the 
TV-  CoroUa  iarily  giibou*  at  lie  Bate,  or  equal.  Erect  lUctdnoiu  ihrubl.  — 
Cbumtciraei  Dec, 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Quite  elabrouB,  erect.     Leavea  cordate- 
ovate,  hardly  acute.     Peduncles  shorter  than  the  teavea. 
Berries  distinct  when  young,  and  nearly  globose,  but 
at    lengtl)    connate   at    the    base. 
Flowers  rose-coloured,  short,  some*  ( 
what  gibbous  at  the  base.      Fruit  > 
black,  with  one  of  the  berries  usually 
abortive.      Bractens  8,  linear-seta- 
ceous. Peduncles  2-flowered.  (Doifi 
JUilL)    Ad  upright  shrub.     Tartary. 
Hdgfit   4  ft.  to  6  ft.      Introduced 
in  ITfiS.      Flowers  purplish)  A^ril 
and  Hay.     Berry  bright  red  i  npe 
in  August.  Ml.  I,  uuea. 


^  L.  L2  atbifiira   Dec.  Prod.  iii.  p.  335.     L.  pyreniica  WSld.  £aiaia., 

p.  181. — Flowers  and  fruit  white. 
A  £.  f.  3  ratrjfidra  Dec.  I.  c.     L,  grandifldrum  Ladd.  Cat,;  L.  dbfrica 

Horlul.  ex  Pen.  Ench.  —  Flowers  and  fhiit  red. 
■  £.  f.  4  lilea  Lodd.  Cat.  has  yellowish  flowers  and  yellow  fruit. 
^L.1.5  latifdiia  Lodd.  Cat.  has  broad  leaves. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  hardy  of  European  shrubs,  and  one  of  the  few 
which  grow  irt  the  opeu  eardens  of  Petersbiug  and  Stockholm,  without  pro- 
tection during  winter.     La  British  gardens,  the  plant  is  very  common,  and  it  is 
valued  for  its  early  leafing  and  flowering.     It  will  prow  in  any  scnl,  and  almost 
in  any  situation,  and  is  r^dily  propagated  bv  cutttnga. 

^  l6.L.(t.)  Mi'sKA  L.     The  black^/ruted  Honeysuckle. 
UtmtUimUtm,    Lis.  8p.,  la. ;  Du  Prod,  4.  p.  SIS. ;  Doa'i 
%iiiSiinfi.    CapriMloB  rtiBim  Lam.  Tl.  Ft.  S.  p.  W».  i 
(%Bwc(rHiu  tatn  IMari.  tUAim.  (d.1.  p.lM.|  CI. 

XihwAm.    Ju^  Aiut,i.II«.;  ScbnUI  Bnm.,  1. 110.! 

^lee  Char.,  ^c.  Erect.  Leavea  oval-obloi^ 
or  dlbtic,  on  short  petiidei,  rather  vit 
lout  when  young,  but  nearly  glabrous  m  the 
adult  state.  Peduncles  8-dowered,  elongated, 

MM   4 


536 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH  BRITAMNICUH. 


dioiter  than  the  leaves.  Corolla  reddUi,  and  pubcacent  on  the  outmde, 
but  whitUh  on  the  iniide.  Bracteas  4r,  under  the  ovariefl ;  the  two  outer 
ones  lanceolate,  and  the  inner  qiiadr^d.  Berries  black,  globose,  joined 
together  at  the  side.  (Don't  Mill.)  An  erect  shrub.  Middle  Europe,  in 
aubalpine  woods,  as  in  France,  Bwitzerlwid,  Austria,  Silesia,  Piedmont, 
&c.  Hdgbt  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1£97.  Flowers  whitish ;  March 
to  Hay.    Fruit  black  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Fariety. 

M  L.  (/.)  n.  9  can^amfiora !  X;16steuni  campanifldrum  Lodd,  CiA.  t. 

1361.,  and  our^t.  990,  091.  j  has  the  flowers  bdi-shaped. 
■  19.  L.  (t.)  cilu'ta  mum.     The  dliated-£nitie<f  Honejsuchle. 

UaUVIcalkm.    MUhl.  CU.,p.  aa.  i  I>«.Pn>d.,4.  p.  tU.;  Don'iMUl.  Lc.  Ma  _ 

Snownn.    Hflitaiam  cflBtom  Pan*  Sepl- 1 .  P.  ISI-  \  I-  tittifci  itiMf.  Fl.  Amet.  1.  p.  let. 
IwtwtcilUn.!  I.  uuKUnili  Am.  d  S^tt.  4^  S.  p.  HD. 

Aifr«i*«g.    Ourj^.Ma.  rraii(UTl)i|ipHdDEn. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Erect.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong, 
cordate,  thin,  ciliated,  villous  beneath  in  the 
jroung  state.  Peduncles  elongated.  Bracteas 
S,  ovate,  three  times  shorter  than  the  ovaries, 
which  are  distincL  Corolla  bluntly  spurred  at 
the  base;  with  short,  nearly  equal  lobes.  Ber- 
ries distinct,  red,  divaricate.  Flowers  white, 
with  a  tinge  of  red  or  yellow;  tube  ventricose 
above ;  limb  with  short  acute  s^ments ;  style 
protruded.  {DonV  Mm.^  An  erect  shrub. 
Canada  to  Virginia,  and  throu^out  Canada, 
on  mountains  among  rocks,  in  rich  soils. 
Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1824, 
Flowers  reddish  or  yellowish  white  j  June,  July, 

■  20.  L.  PVHBNA'ict  1,.     The  Pyrenean  Honeysuckle. 

1.,  p.  MS.  I  Dk.  Prod.,  4,  j,  t».  I  Don'i  MUI.,  S.  p.  MB, 

in  pTmiUcum  Lorn.  R,  A-.  S.p.U8.i  XTldi[«imFr™<iUciim  IbunLSw. 

tg/rmtat.    Ovifit  IMO.  ttiia  ■  ipadmn  In  Uw  Biitbb  Hombb. 

Dec.  Char^  i[c.  GUbrous,  erect.  Leaves  obovate-Unceolatc, 
acute,  glaucous  beneath.  Peduncles  8-flowered,  shorter 
than  the  leaves.  Bracteas  oblong-linear,  foliaceous.  FIowot 
ahnost  r^ular.  Berries  globo^  distinct.  Corolla  white, 
twice  the  size  of  that  of  L.  Xyl6steum,  fiinnel-shaped : 
limb  5-cleft,  flat ;  with  equal,  ovate,  obtuse  segmentB. 
(OofiV  JW^)  An  erect  sluiib.  Pjrrenees,  on  calcareoua 
rocks,  in  exposed  situations.  Height  4  ft.  to  S  ft.  Intro- 
M>.  L-rimiui^        ducedinlTSP.    Flowers  white ;  my.    Berries  white. 

J.  SI.  L.  FVNi'cBA  Skmt.     The  criinson;/foiiw»rf 
Honeysuckle. 

IdauHUtiiiKi.    S]iniBot.Ilu.,t.  tUB.iI>>c.Pn)d.,1.p.tU.l 

Diin-iMllJ.,».p,4«. 
SruoMfmt,    SrdipbDricintoi  pobfcHU  fvl 
fiiVnnifiV'.     BM,Kic..1.m6.|IIwI«1iA.«M. 

^fe.  Char.,  ^c.  Erect.  Leaves  ovate,  subcor- 
date  at  the  base,  cf  the  same  colotir  on  both 
surfaces.  Peduncles  axillary,  and  almost  ter- 
minal, Si^wered,  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Tube  of  corolla  rather  gibbous  at  Che  base ; 
segments  of  corolla  nearly  equal,  irrwularly 
arranged,  3  one  way  and  2  another.  Berries 
dbttnct  ?.  Leaves  sometimes  three  in  a  wbori 
on  the  youn^  shoots.  (Don't  Miil,)  An  erect 
shrub.    Native  country  unknown.    Height  8  ft. 


XL.  cafhipoliaN^e^  :  loni'csili. 


537 


to  4ft.    Cultinted  in  18SS.    Flowers  deep  red,  Kartet,  or  criniBoii ;  A[ml 

and  May.    Fruit  7. 
a  S2.  L.  Xtw/stkum  L.     The  boDywoaded,  or  iqiright.  Fly  HoDeynickle. 
IdrmUtcatiBii.    Lin.  Sd.IM.1  D*s.  Piod.  4.  p.t».i  Dcia'i  Mm.,  1.  p.iM. 
aSS^^Cv^^iMoaamna Ltm.  R.V (.p. MI. ,  X,l^u£i dumMOnmi  ifmol MM. 

nicranivii.    Biif.  BoL,t.  Blt.1  Fl.  GnB.,l.na.i  udOdc^.tM. 
,fyec.  Char,,  ^c.      Erect,  dowq^.      LwvM 
ovate,  acute,  pctiolale,  loft.     Peduncle* 
S-flowered,    anorter     thui     ths    le«vea. 
Bracteai  hair;,  double  ;   the  two  outer 
onea  lanceolate,  spreadiof ;  inner  a  tmall 
ctmcave  scale  under  eacii  germ.    Berries  ^ 
oval,  (Uatinct,  I-celled,  6.«Mded.   Flowers 
■mall,  cream-coloured,  downj.     Caljx  of 
6  obtuse  lobes.    Berries  scarlet.    (Am** 
Mm.')     An  uprislit  shrub.    Europe,  to 
Caucasus,  in  thickets,  hedges,  and  rocky 
places,    and    by    the    sides    of   woods. 
Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.    Cultivated  in  1596. 
Flowers   creaiii-<xiloured  j   July.       Fruit  < 
scarlet;  ripe  in  September.    Naked  young 
wood  gn^ish  white. 
Vmictie: 

■  £.  X  8  fntcocfrpinn  Dec.  Prod,  r 

p.  335.  has  white  berries, 
a  Zi.  Z.  3  xttmOuxiTpim  Dec.  I.  c.  has  the  berries  jeUow. 
•  C  X.  4  melanocarpim  Dec  L  c  has  black  buries. 
Linnsus  says  that  it  makes  excellent  hedges  in  a  dry  soil  i  that  the  clear 
parts  between  the  joints  of  the  shoots  are  used  in  Sweden  for  tobacco-pipes ; 
and  that  the  wood,  bdng  extremely  hard,  makes  teeth  for  rakes,  &c.,  and  yields 
onlv  in  beau^  to  that  oS  L.  tatirica  for  walking-sticks.    It  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  hardiest  inhatntauta  of  British  shrubberies.    In  the  English  garden,  or 
rather  park,  at  Munich,  it  is  planted  in  masses  and  groups,  along  with  other 
masses  and  ^oups  of  Cdmus  ilba,  ^lix  vitelllna,  and   Fibtoiuin  O'pulus  ; 
and,  in  the  winter  time,  the  whitiah.grey  bark  of  its  shoots  contrasts  finely 
with  the  red,  yellow,  or  brown,  bark  of  the  shrubs  meutioned. 

.■  23.  L.  Hi'spiDA  Paa.    The  hiqiid  Honeysuckle. 

].  ■!  irilU.  H88.  i  L*d.  Floe.  BcKi.  jUt. 


Spec.  Char,,  ^e.  Branches  hispid.  Leaves  ovate, 
dliated,  petiolate,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces. 
Peduncles  S-flowered.  Bracteas  avBt»«lliptic, 
exceeding  the  berries.  (Dtm'i  MUIA  An  up- 
right shrub.  Siberia,  on  the  Altaian  Houn- 
tams.  Height  8  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  ?. 
Flowers  greenish  white,  pendulous  ;  May  and 
June.  Berries  distinct,  purple;  ripe  in  August. 
Branches  opposite,  glabrous  or  bristly,  brown- 
ish. Leaves  1 J  or  S  inches  long,  and  I  m.  brood, 
glabrous  on  both  surfaces,  cordate  at  the  base. 

■  84.  L.  FLBKUO'SA  Thunh.    The  Bexihle> 
tUmmed  Honeysuckle. 
HaMtfcodta.     ThDDb.  !□  Lhi.  Trail.,  i.  p.  00.,  bat  not  «l 
LoJdlTiur  Kcr ;  Don't  Mill..  S.  p  Ua. 

'    -jan  WuH*.  PI.  Jap,  p.  M-  bal  not  o(  Ua.  i 

Die.  FnH.  *.  p.  M. 


538  ARBORSTUH    ET   PRITTICETUH   BDITANKICUH. 

Bmtratfmt.    OarjU.       .In p. 

^>tc.  Char.,  t^c.  Erect,  branched.  Branches  very  villoue  at  the  apex..  Leavea 
OTAU-obiong,  Bcute,  on  short  petioles,  glabrous ;  petioles  villoiu  ;  nennes  of 
leaves  puberuloua.  Floweri  axillary,  few,  almost  sessile.  Beniei  globose, 
glabrous.  Stems  fleiuous.  Leaves  about  an  inch  long ;  upper  ones  the 
smallest.  Peduncles  hardly  a  line  long.  Berries  distinct,  ovate,  acumhuted, 
black.  (Son'i  Jliiff.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub.  Japan.  Rdgbtifl.  to 
S  ft.    Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers  Y ;  June  and  July.  Berries  black ;  ripe  ?. 

C  Berria  either  dittmd  orj^ned  logetier.  Corolla  very  pHAout  at  Ae  Bate. 

Erect  buihy  Simii.—Cypliinaa  Dec. 

DiHraUim,    From  *iiplk«,  gibboni,  uil  wUdi,  ■  EowBr ;  la  nfetenca  to  Uie  Sown  bdif  glbboiu 

M  25.  li.  iNvoLUCRA^A  Scmki.     The  involucTBted  Hoaeysnckte. 
/dn^leoMM.    Buki  Hatti,  u  Spisng.  Byit,  I.  t-  1f>-  i  I^-  nvl.,  <■  p.  SM. ;  Don'i  lOII.,  a 
&ii»u«u.    StUsUusi  lgf olucf Jtum  Jlfelordi.  Id  fraHk.  Km  Jam. 

Sntmniti.  bur^V- n;,  na,  BW. 


Spec.  Char^  ipe.  Erect.  Branches  acutely  tetr^ooaL  Leaves  ovate  or  oval, 
petiolate,  membranous,  beset  vith  appressed  hairs  beneath.  Peduncles 
axillan,  S— 3-flowered.  Brocteaa  4 ;  tno  outer  ovate,  two  inner  brood, 
obeonlate,  at  kngth  widening,  clothed  with  glandular  pubescence.    CoroUa 

SibescMI,  gibbous  at  the  base  on  the  outside ;  yellowinh,  tinged  with  red. 
tyle  exserted.  {Don't  Mm.)  An  erect  shrub.  Korth-west  America, 
between  lat,  54°  and  61°  (but  probably  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
Saskatchawan) ;  thence  to  the  RoiDky  Mountains.  Hei^t  8  ft.  to  3  ft.  In 
traduced  in  1824.     Flowers  yellowish,  tilled  with  red  ;  Hay.     Fmh  ?. 


Jh  Voj.pl.  p.  UB.i  Doii'iMm,».p.  «».  '  ' 

Engrmttit.    0<ii;^.I(«J.fraDiiUTiii|ip«Jiaai. 

Spec.  Char.,  4c.  Erect.  Branches  elongated,  acutdj 
tetragonal.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  somewhat  acu- 
ntintued,  stiff,  pubescent,  tomentoie  on  the  nerres. 
Peduncles  axillary,  2--3-flawered.  BrBcteas4;  2  outer 
ones  ovate  ;  2  inner  broad  obcordate,  pub^cent,  at 
lei^  increasing  in  size.  Corollas  ^bbous  at  the  base 
on  the  outside.  Berries  distinct.  (Dcn'i  Mill.)  An 
erect  deciduous  shrub.  California.  Height  8  ft  tO 
3ft  Introduced  in  1838.  Flowers  y^w,  tinged 
with  red  ;  June  and  July.  Berrisi  dark  punJeTnpe 
in  September. 
Very  nearly  allied  to  L,  invohicriia. 


XL.    C'APRlFOLIAtSX  :    LOKl'cERjf.  539 

D.  Btrria  two  on  auA  Pedtinde,jcmed  IcgeOer  n  erne,  vihuA  U  H«mbiliaite 
at  lie  Apt*.     Erect,  b—kg,  dediwMt  ShnA*.~  blka  Admi. 


■  B7.  L.  alpi'gbna  H.    Tbe  alpine  HoncrsncUe. 

UrnHfaUm 

ttmoafftma.     C^-- — , -..  -.-,  — , r 

ilplMum  Qmrim,  Fma.  I.  p.  ISA    Mka  klpljfw  Borck. ; 

lAla  IMiU  Viaic*  i  ^j\ttu«aa  alpIgiiuiB  LoiS.  Col.  i  Ot». 

waetruui  alptsHU  D^ari.i  Chtrry  W«oiUtoai   Haekan- 

Undi^  Otr. ;  CtaBuuruD,  Ro/. 
XhtwAm.    Jko-FI.  AiM-,t1>4.)N.  DaHui,l.  1.  l&iBid 

ouiAi-  lOOI.  lua  IWt. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Erect.  Leavea  oral-lanceolBU 
or  dl^c,  acute,  gbtmnuor  pid>esceDt,  on  very 
Bfaort  petioles,  TBther  dliated.  Peduncles  E-flow- 
ettd,  shorter  than  tbe  leavet.  Corolla  gibbout 
at  the  base,  and  g;reenbh  jrellow  tiiued  with  red 
or  purple.  Bemei  red,  and  of  tn6  size  and 
•ppearsDM  of  tboae  of  a  cbetn' ;  whence  it  is 
called  Aerty  woodbine  by  ioboaoa,  Lesrea 
large.  {DmCi  MB.}  A  \axgt,  uprif^t,  dedduous 
duub.  BCddle  and  Sooth  of  Siirope,  bi  sub- 
■Ipine  placea  and  mountaina.  Hdgbt  &ft.  to 
6  it.  Introduced  in  li06.  Flowos  greenish 
yellow,  tinned  with  red ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
red  1  ripe  in  August. 

m  L.a.  2  ^birica  Dec.  Prod.  iv.  p.  836.   L.  i 
ribbica  Feit  in  Bern,  tt  Sduiil.  Syil.  $. 
p.  259. — Lower   leaves   rather  cordate.  ^ 
Peduncles  thickened  a   little  under  the 
flowan,     like  most  other  varieties  of 
trees  and  shrubs,  oativea  of  the  Went  of 
Europe,  and  also  indigenous  to  Kberia,  eoning  into  leaf  and  flower 
a  week,  or  more,  earlier  than  the  (pedes. 

2S.  L.  (L)  micropht'lla  WUld.   The  auiBll-leaTed  Honeysuckle. 

UnutlcaUm.    D«c  Fnd- «.  p.  tM.  i  Dso'i  HLIl.,  *.  p.  WO. 
^mamtma.    L.  iMgti»  Slittrt  i  L.  ■HnUUa.  tai  L.  nKtlctm  BM. 
Emfriwhigi.    lad.  n.  Bof.  Alt.  TU.,  t.  111.  i  HHl  dOT/tT' lOO- 

Spec,  Char,,  ^e.     Leavea  elliptic,  acute  at  both  ends,  glaucous 

beneath,  rath»  villous   on   bMh   Bur&cea,  and  lometiDies 

rounded  at  the  base.    Peduncles 

Showered,  and  shorter  than  the 

leaves.     Corollas  greenish  yellow. 

Berries  Joined,  of  a  reddish  orange 

colour.    Hie  coiderEus  falls  bom 

tbe  branches.  (Am'i  Mmjy    An 

erect    shrub,       Esstan    Siberia. 

Bright  3  ft  to  4  ft.  Introduced 
in  181S.  Flowers  greenish  yellowj  Ajb41  and 
Hay.    Fruit  reddish  orange ;  ripe  in  August. 

A  29.  L.  OBLOKOiro^LiA  Hook.  The  oblong-leaved 
Honeys  ucklck 


640  ARBORETUM    ET  FHDTICETUU   URITAHNICUM. 

^tee.  Char.,  ^c.  Bred.  Lesves  oblong  or  oral,  clothed  with  velvetj  pu- 
bescence beneath.  Peduncles  dongated,  erect  Bracteai  obsolete.  Tube 
of  corolla  hair;,  gibbous  at  the  bue  on  one  side.  Limb  unecjual,  doepljr 
8-lipped  ;  the  upper  lip  Vtoothed,  and  the  knrer  one  nearlj  entire.  Berriei 
joined  in  one,  which  is  bi-umlulica^  at  the  top,  bluish  black  in  the  dried 
(tate,  and  about  the  size  of  a  pea.  (Don't  Miil.)  Ad  erect  shrub.  Island 
of  Honlreal,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  Montreal ;  I^ke  Winnipeg  t  and 
the  western  parts  of  the  state  of  New  York.     Heufat  3  ft.  to  4  It.     Intro- 


■  30.  L.  CJIBU'LU  L.     The  hbie-ienied  Honeysuckle. 
MntVetKm.    Ltai.  Sp^IO;  Dm.  rTed.,4.s.»r.)  Dool  MIII,a.s.4M. 

Brmrmri.      L.TlUtal  MHU.  Cm.  p.  tt.  i    XrUtUon  TilUmm  iHiit.  fl.  Btr.  Aliur.l.a.ieie.; 
^.SoUnii  Buna  Mu.  But.  p.  M&  i   L.  xlotlu  Ott.  Prod.  t.  p.  m. ;  L.  iltilo  FaU.  A.  Ru. 

p.  sit- :    C^prtfbliom  cvrlUHOn  Lam.  Ft,  Ft..  Chuaacf  tUM  emcHUa  I>darb.  FL  4m.  ;    L.  pr. 
fsdlc*  Patl.  FL  Jtait.  p.  H.  I  L.  FiUkitf  Led.  FL  Rob.  All.  111.  t.  IS1.    CUlecU  ilnlu,  KaL 
XwrmrAui.    BM.  Ilia,,  1. 1969.  i  ?4U.  FL  Rom.,  t.  IT. ;  L«d.  Fl.  Bow.  Alt.  IlT,  c  |«L  i  ud  ou 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.     Erect.   Leaves  oTal-obloDg,  ciliated,  stiffish,  densely  clothed 
with  ptibescenee  ^hDe  voung.   Peduncles  short,-  8-flowered,  reflexed  in  the 
fructiferous  itate.    Brscteas  S,  subulate,  longer  than  the 

"  via.    Tube  of  corolla  gUbrotii'  ------  -'■> 

:  at  the  base;  lobes  of  limb  eh 
:  closely  joined  in  one,  which 
bi'iunbilicate  at  the  apex.  Flowers 
greenish  yellow,  tubular.  Berries 
elliptic  or  globose,  dark  blue,  and 
covered  with  a  kind  of  bloom.  Bark 
of  young  shoots  purplish.  There 
is  no  difference  between  the  Ame- 
rican and  European  plants  of  this 
q>ecies.  (2>an'i  JUiil,)  An  erect 
shrub.  Europe,  and  throughout  the  woody  country  of  Britisfa  North 
America,  as  far  as  lac.  66'  ;  and  of  Siberia  and  Euntschatka.  Hdght 
3  ft.  to  £  f^  Introduced  in  1689.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  Harch  and 
ApriL     Fruit  datk  blue ;  ripe  in  August. 

■  31.  L.  oribnta'lii  Lam.    The  Oriental  Honeysuckle. 

Idralf/lcaltm.     LuLQld,  I.  p.nLi  Dk.  Fnd.,4.ii.nr.i  Doo'i  Mlll.,a.p.ua 

Srnaiirmri.    L.  camAila  PoU.  R.  flaa.  I.  p.  n. j  l..tmr<tifmOIU.IIM.  l.n«B,  (%MnmUtmm 

ortanUlli  raurirtiUi  Tomn.  Cor.  p.  u 
EKHTBomg.    Our  «.  lOOT  from  Toumnfan-t  •ftOmm  In  th*  BrttUi  Mimob. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Erect     Leaves  on  vei;  shor 

pet[oJes,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  quite  entirei 

smoothish.  Peduncles  S.Rowered,  shorter  than 

the  leaves.     Brscteas  2,  setaceous.     Berries 

joined  in  one,  didymous  and  bi-umbilicate  at  ■ 

the  apex,  lO-secded.     Leares  sdffish,  vdnj, 

larger  than  in  L.  cnrMea.     Flowers  greenish 

yellow.    (Don'i   JUiU.)      An    ra^ct    shrub. 

Iberia  and  Asia  Minor,  in  woods.     Height 

3A.  to  5  fl.     Introduced  in  IB25.     Ftowefs 

greeniah  yellow  ;   April  to  June.      Berries 

black  or  ikrk  bluej  npe  m  Septemba-.  unt.  i  iir.iiin 

M  38,  L.  ibb'rica  Xeb.    The  Oeor^  Honeysuckle. 

^fw^Mtc,    XjlfiUeon lUrleum  Bttt.  Ciiii  PL  Rar.  1. 1.  IS.a  Aowl.ud  Laid.  CM.tA.  IIW, 
AiWrn^ff.    Bltb.  C«t.  Fl.  rar,  L  I.  IS.,  ex  SuHiL  i  Ud/K.  \M.  10D».  tram  IItIus  tndmat. 

Spec.  Char,,  S/c.     Erect.     Leaves  petiolate,  cordate,  roundish,  tomentose  or 


XL.   CAPRITOLIA  CKX  :   STMPHOSICA  RFOS. 


Ml 


|,uh 


lubeacent.    Peduncles  S-flowered,  shorter  than  the 
eares.     Bracteas  obloag,  cilJBted.     Beniet  joined 

together  to  the  middle,  globOBe.     CaroQas  lucid,  of 

the  (ona  of  those  of  L.  alpiseos.     OrDiium  tomen- 

tose.    Leaves  like  those  of  CotoneA«ter  vulgaris 

(Don't  Mtf.)    An  erect 

ihrub.      Oeoivis,  about 

Teflis.      Height  3  a.  ti 

itt.  Introduced  in  1894 

Flowers  greenish  yellow . 

April  and  May.     Fruit  ' 

blood-coloured, 

times  pointed  ss  iu  J!g. 

1006.;  ripe  in  August     ' 

A  very  neat  httle  bush, 
which  makes  very  good 
garden  hedges. 

GtHUi  V. 


□a 


wok.  ifcljtooicero  Mf.  Un. 
" — ' — '■'--I,   ¥i<Ka  tvmpJioft^,  tat 


SYMPHORICATtPOS  Ditt.   Thb  St.  Pbtib's  Woht.    Im.  Syti. 

i  Doo'l  Kill   1,  PL  <SL 
ibftrin  Ptn.  £wA  I.  p.  lU.  i 

t ;  (p^a  iMBtni  th*  ftnlt  In  irDopL 

Gff.  Char,  Caiyx  tube  globose ;  limb  small,  4 — 5-toothed.  CanMa  funuel- 
sha|ied,  almost  eqiutly  4^ — 5-lobed.  Siammt  5,  hardly  exserted.  Stigriuu 
semiglobose.     Ovarium  adnate.     Berry  4-celled.  (Doni  Mill.) 

Leanet  nBiple,o[^)o«ite,  eiat^>ulate,  deciduous ;  ond,  quite  entire.  Flowen 
on  short  pedunclM,  axillsry  or  many  together,  bibracteate,  small,  white  or 
rose-coloured,  OB  short  pedicels. — Sbniba  erect,  bushy,  oppositely  branched,- 
natives  of  Eutium  and  North  America;  of  the  easiest  culture  in  common 
garden  soil ;  and  readily  increased  by  suckers,  which  they  throw  up  in  abun- 


I  I.  S,  tuloa'kis  JtfitAr.     The 

•r.,  l.n: 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Flowers  disposed  in  szillary 
capitate  clusters,  composed  of  nearly  sessile 
raeemules.  Corolla  white.  Berries  red,  sixe 
of  hempseed  ;  but,  in  America,  according  to 
Pursb,  the  flowers  are  small,  red  and  yellow, 
and  the  hories  purple.  Branches  brown,  | 
smooth.  Leaves  elliptic  ovate,  obtuse,  glau- 
cous, and  pubescent  beneath.  The  berries  are 
numerous,  and  ripen  in  winter.  {Don'i  MilL)  I 
An  erect  bushv  shrub.  Virginui,  Carolina, 
and  Pennsylvania,  iu  sand;  dry  fields.  Height 
3  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  IT30.  Flowers 
small,  red  end  yellow  ;  August  and  Se^itemher. 
Fniit  purple ;  ripe  in  Decc^iber. 


I*  srM.  p.  Tra. 


Peter's  Wort 

iHDl.S.  p.Ul. 
SjDpbOTU  conglo- 


542 


ARBORETUX  ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICIJM. 


Varieiy, 

m  S,  V.  2  fiSii  pariegdtit,  S.  fflomerilta  ^liis  yariegiitis  LodtL  Cat,,  has 
the  leaves  findy  yariegated  with,  greeo  and  yellow. 

m  2.  S.  montaIvds  Humb,  ei  Bonp,    The  Mountain 

St  Peter's  Wort. 

Idem^lemttom.    Homb.  «k  Bodpl  Not.  Goi.  «k  Spec.,  &  p.  812. ;  Dec 
Prod^  ▼ol.4.  p.  SSft. 

o^soeiM  2)0M'«  MOL  S.jp.  499.  -•       r         •      • 

Emgravingi.    Uaiind't  Botanlit,  1. 1. 90.  t  and  oar  Jig.  1011. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  slightly  mu- 
cronate,  rounded  at  the  base,  pubracent  "beneath. 
Flowers  axillary,  mostly  solitary.  A  dense  erect  sub- 
evergreen  shrub.  Mexico,  on  mountains,  7000  to 
8000ft.  of  elevation.  Hei^t  5ft.  to  6ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1829.  Flowers  pinldsh ;  August  to  Oc- 
tober.   Fruit  globose  white ;  ripe  in  December. 

A  very  desirable  shrub,  perfectly  hardy,  and  almost 
evergreen.  It  commences  flowermg  in  August,  and 
does  not  cease  till  it  is  checked  by  frost.  Layers  in 
common  soiL 

A  3.  S.  RACEMoNius  Mu^,  The  racemose^^oicwm/  St.  Peter's  Wort,  or 

Snotobcrry, 
Memt^ficatkm,    Mlchx.  H.  Bor.  Am^.,  1.  p.  107. ;  Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  8891 ;  Don't  UUI..  SL  p.  4»I. 

BngrawtHgi,    Boi.  Mag.,  t.  9911. ;  Lodd.  Bob  Cab.,  t.  SM. ;  and  our  J|r*  101« 

Spec,  Char.,  ^e.  Flowers  disposed  in  neariy  terminal, 
loose,  interrupted  racemes,  which  are  often  leafy.  Co- 
rolla densely  bearded  inside.  Style  and  stamens  enclosed. 
Leaves  glaucous  beneath.  Corolla  rose-coloured.  Ber- 
ries large,  white.  (IXw'i  MUl,^  A  bushy  shrub,  with 
numerous  ascending  shoots.  North  America,  on  moun- 
tains, near  Lake  Mistassins,  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri, 
and  various  other  pkices.  Hdght  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1817.  Flowers  rose-coloured ;  July  to  Sep- 
tember. Fruit hurge,  white;  ripening  in  October,  and 
remaining  on  great  part  of  the  winter. 

The  S.  elong^tus  and  8.  heterophyilus  PreA  in  Herb,  Hamke,  which  were 
collected  about  Nootka  Sound,  do  not  differ  from  this  species,  in  which  the 
lower  leaves  are  somethnes  deeply  sinuated.  In  small  gardens,  this  shrub  is 
rather  troublesome,  from  the  numerous  suckers  it  throws  up  from  the  roots ; 
but,  as  its  flowers  are  much  sought  ^fler  by  bees,  and  its  berries  are  excellent 
food  for  came ;  that  habit,  when  it  is  planted  for  these  purposes,  is  found 
rather  advantageous  than  otherwise.  For 
single  specimens  in  small  gardens,  it  might  be 
desirable  to  graft  it  on  Lonicera  Xyldsteum, 
or  some  allied  species  of  suitable  habit.  So 
grafted,  standard  high,  it  would  form  a  very 
elegant  little  tree. 

j»  4.  8.  OCCIDENT aYis  Rtchordf,  The  Western 
St.  Peter's  Wort. 

Idenlifteatitm.    Richards,  and  FraDkl.  lit  Journ.  edit.  9.. 

app.  p.  6. ;  Hook.  FL  Bor  Amer.,  1.  p^  986. 
SunonyfHe.    Wolf-berrT,  Amer, 
hngrmring.    Our  Jig.  lOlS.  from  a  ipedroen  In  Sir  W.  J. 

Hookers  hertMuium. 

Spec,    Char,,   ^c.       Spikes    dense,    terminal 
and  axillary,   drooping.    Corolla  and    s^-  jou.  8.o«*toMyta, 


XL.    CAPBIFOLIaVe^  :    LETCSSTEStU. 


548 


menta  densdjr  beerded  inride.  8^e  and  ataraois  a  little  exserted.  (Don't 
Mill.)  A  dense  shnib,  bearing  s  doae  reaemblBDCe  to  S.  rBcemdaui.  Bn> 
tiih  North  America,  in  the  wo^j  country  between  lat.  &V  and  64°.  Bright 
1ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  7.  Flowers  pinkish  ;  Jul;  to  September.  Fruit 
white  i  October,  and  remaining  on  during  the  winter. 
Uttiiiguished  from  8,  neandtus  b^  the  larga-,  leas  glaiicmu,  more  rigid,  and 
deoier  foliage,  and  by  the  flowen  bong  arranged  m  dense  drooping  sinkeE, 
longer  than  in  S.  ncemdnu,  and  bj  the  prominent  style  and  stncMDa. 


LEYCESTE'R/di  WalL    Tax  Lsycmtbkia, 
Monog^nia. 


Lm.  ^it.  Pent&ndria 


lutijnit^blmUtli. 

Gen.  (Aar,      Calyx   with  an   orote   tube,   and  an   unequal,    &«>uted,  per- 
manent limb.    Segmaiit  unequal,  small,  linear,  glandularl;  cUiated.    Co- 
njla  fUnnel^baped  ;  having  the 
tube  gibbous  ^K>ve   the   baaCi 
and  the  limb  campanulate,  and 
divided  into  5  ovate  nearlj  equal 
lobes.    Slameiu  5.    Stigma  capi-  ' 
tate.    Berry  roundish,  A-cellcd. 
(Dot^t  Mm.) 
LeoBet  simple,  opposite,  exsti- 

[lulate,  aub-evergreen  ;  ovate- 
anceolate,  acuminated,  petiolate, 

smooth,    entire,    membranouB, 

glaucous,  with  an  obtuse  sub- 
cordate  base,      Petiolei  pilose, 

Fhtoeri  white,  with  a  tinge  of 

purple ;   disposed     in     whorls, 

Ibnning    short    leaTy  drooping 

racemes,  which   terminate   the 

branches  and  branchlets.  Brac- 

tcai  large,  fbliaceous,  purplish, 

pubescent  and  ciliated,  lanceO' 

ate,   acuminated ;   generally   6 

under  each   whori   of  flowers. 

Berrie-i  deep  purple,  approach-   , 

ing  to  black,  as  large  as  a  coni-   ' 

mon-sized  gooaehary.      Shrub 

large,  lambung,  with  elongated 

listular    branches,    which    rise 

from   scaly  buds,     Nadve   of 

NepaL 

This  genus  appears  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  Caprifoli^cese 
and  ilubiAces  ;  but  from  the  last 
it  is  distinguisbed  by  the  went  of 


544  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICfiTUM  BRITANNICUM. 

A  1.  L.  foemoIba  WalL    The  beautiful  Leycesteria. 

Ueni&leatiom.    WalL  In  BoxK  Fl.  Ind.,  9. jp.  18S. ;  D«c  Prod.,  4.  p.  888. ;  Don's  MOL,  &  p.  461. 
S&ntm^me.    HAmkUa  oaaaiU  Pmerori  MSlf, 
Engra9img$,    Plant.  Ai.  Bar.,  SL  t  120. ;  and  aarjfg.  1014. 

^ec.  Char,,  S^c.  As  in  Oea,  Char.  A  laige,  ramblinff,  sub-erergreen  shrab. 
Nepal,  on  mountains  ;  between  6000  ft.  and  8000  ft.  high,  among  forests 
of  piiie  and  oak.  Height  in  EngLand,  against  a  wall,  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introduced 
in  1824.  Flowers  white,  with  a  tinge  of  purple ;  August  to  October.  Fruit 
purple  s  ripe  in  October. 

Trained  against  a  wall,  this  shrub  has  proved  quite  hardy,  but  in  our  cloudy 
atmosphere  it  has  rather  disapoointed  expectation  in  the  colour  of  its  bracteas, 
which  are  much  less  (irilliant  than  they  i^pear  to  be  in  the  Ifimalayas.  Cut- 
tings or  seeds,  which  are  ripened  freely,  m  common  soil. 


Order  XLI.    JBUBIAXJEiE. 

Ord,  Chab.  Cahfx  with  a  variable  limb.  Corolla  monopetalous,  with  a 
yariable  iimb,  but  generally  4^— ^54obed ;  asstivation  twisted  or  yalvate. 
Stamens  equal  in  number  to-  the  segments  of  the  corolla,  and  more  or  less 
adnate  to  its  tube.  Anthen  introrse.  Ooanuni  2^  or  many-ceUed,  crowned 
by  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  l^le  1.  Stigmat  2.  i'Viit^  baccate  or  capsular. 
CeUt  I — 2-  or  many-seeded.     Albumen  horny  and  fleshy.  (G,  Ikm.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  or  3  in  a  whorl,  stipulate,  deciduous.  Sti- 
pules  short,  aistinct,  or  a  littie  combmed.  Flowers  on  peduncles,  naked, 
rising  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  or  from  the  tops  of  the  branches  ;  heads 
globose,  in  consequence  of  the  flowers  being  sessile,  and  seated  on  a  sessile 
piliferous  receptade. 

This  order  includes  a  great  number  of  genera ;  but  there  is  only  one  of 
these  that  contains  any  ligneous  species  trufy  hardy  in  British  gardens. 

Genus  L 


CEPHALA^NTHUS  L.    Thb  Buttor-wood.    Lm.  Syst.  Tetr&ndria 

Monogfnia. 

Idmtffieatiom.    Lin.  0«n..  No.  118.*;  Gsrtn.  Fmct.  1  t.  86.  Lam.  lU.,  t.  69. ;  Josf .  Mte.  Mm., 

^fi£s  ^^  *  '^^*  ^^'*  ^^^  '^  ^  *  ^^^*  ^'^*  *'  '*  '^'  *  ^^^'^  ^'^^'*  **  ^'        ^  ^^'^^  ^^^*  ^' 
Sutumffmet.    Gephalanfeo,  Pr,  t  Knopflaum  Oer.  \  CefUanto,  Ital. 
Deri^aHom,    From  kepMU,  a  head,  and  amikoM,  a  flower  \  In  alloiion  to  the  floven  being  dlfpoaed 

In  globular  headi. 

Gen,  Char,  ^c.  Calyx  with  an  obversely  pyramidal  tube,  and  an  angular 
.  5-toothed  limb.  Corolla  with  a  slender  tube,  and  a  4-cleft  limb;  K>bes 
erectish.  Stamens  4,  short,  inserted  in  the  upper  part  of  the  tube,  hardly 
exserted.  Style  much  exserted.  Stigma  capitate.  Jrid^  inversely  pyra- 
midal, crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  2— 4-? celled,  and  separating  uito 
2 — 4  parts ;  cells,  or  parts,  1 -seeded,  indehiscent,  and  sometimes  empty  by 
abortion.  Seeds  oblong,  terminating  in  a  littie  callous  bladder.  (Dob's  MtU.) 
— A  shrub,  with  terete  branches ;  native  of  North  America. 
Leaves  and  Flowers  as  in  the  order. 


A  I.  C.  OCCIDENT A^Lis  L,    The  Wcstem  Button-wood. 

Ueniifieaiim.  lAa.  Sp.,  188.  \  Dec  Prod.,  4.  p.  fi8& ;  Don's  IflU..  S.  p.  610. 
aifmmifmeM.  C.  oppoiitiftliua  Memck  MeUk.  p.  487.  t  Swamp  Olobe  nower,  a 
Engrtni»g9,    Du  Ham.  Arb.,  1. 1.  64.  t  Schmidt  Arb.,  1. 1.  4ft. ;  and  ourAl*-  I  -     - 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  opposite,  or  3  in  a  whorl,  ovate  or  oval,  acuminated. 


101«.  and  1016. 


I 

J 


XI.II.  COMPO  sniE. 


PeduDclet  much  longer  than  the 
heads,  usually  by  threes  at  the 
tops  of  the  branches.  Petioles 
reddish  Dext  the  branches.  Heads 
of  flowers  slobutar,  size  of  a  mar 
ble.     Stipule*  deciduouB,    (ihm'i 


August.    Fruit  brownish ;  ripe  in  October. 

a  Co.  %  hraekgvcdtit  Dec.  Prod.  ir.   p.  5S9. —  Leaves  elliptic-obloiig, 

3  in  a  whor^  on  sbort  petioles.  Petioles  3 — 4  lines  long.  There  are 

varieties  of  this,  with  either  glabrous  or  downy  branches.     North  of 

Mexico,  near  lUo  de  la  Trinidad  and  B^ar. 

It  will  grow  in  commoa  garden  soil,  but  prefers  p«st  kept  moist ;  and  is 

propagated  chiefly  by  seeds,  but  will  also  grow  by  cuttings  and  layers.    It  is 

an  mterestine  shrub,  from  its  curious  round  beads  of  flowers,  and  from  the 

lateness  of  toe  season  at  which  these  appear. 


Order  XLII.     COMPO'SIT,^ 

OSD.  Cbak,  Calj/x  limb  membranous  or  wanting;  or  divided  into  brisdet, 
pales,  or  hairs.  Corolla  Smoothed  or  5-1obed,  tubular,  liguiate,  or  bilabiate 
on  the  top  of  the  ovarium.  Anthert  combined,  rarely  free.  Omriuin  ]• 
celled,  I-seeded.  SlyU  I.  Stigmat  2.  Fmit  an  schenium,  crowned  by 
the  limb  of  the  calyx.  Albuiaen  none.  Characterised  by  the  cohesion  of 
the  anthers,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  flowers  in  involucrated  heads  on 
a  common  receptacle.     (G.  Don,') 

Leavet  simple,  or  compound,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  ever 
green.  FUnvert  grouped  in  heads  ;  those  in  each  head  so  disposed,  and  bo 
environed  by  an  involucre  composed  of  bracteas  that  corresponds  to  a 
calyx,  as  to  seem  to  constitute  but  one  flower. 

The  genera  that  include  hardy  ligneous  species  are  mostly  natives  of  Eu- 
rope and  North  America :  they  are  all  of  the  easiest  prop^tion  and  culture 
in  any  common  garden  soil,  and  are  thus  contradisdnguiBhetf:  — 
SfiXBXi.'CtiA  Lessing.  Flowers  bisexual.  Receptacle  with  chaffy  projections. 
Ja'ccbaris  R,  Bt,  Flowers  dioecious,  all  tubular.  Receptacle  naked.  Pap- 
pus pilose. 
Pfa  L.  Flowers  monoecious,  all  tubular.  Receptacle  flat  paleaceous.  Achenia 

naked,  but  homed. 
Santoli^ha  L,     Receptacle  furnished  with  somewhat  flower-clasping  palese. 

Achenia  naked. 
AvLTf,M\'sjA  Cass.     Receptacle  chaSess.     Achenia  naked.     Meads  ditcoid. 


546  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETIIM    BRITANNICUH. 

5enk'cio  Letmg.     Receptacle  naked,  or  alveolate.    Styles  penciled.     Pap- 
pus pilose,  caducous. 
MuTi's/j  Car.     Receptacle  naked.     Achenia  somewhat  beaked.     Pappiu  of 
inany  series,  featbeiy. 

With  tbe  exception  of  fdccharis,  there  is  scarcely  a  plant  belonging  to 
the  order  Gomp6sitte  which  is  truly  ligneous,  and  at  the  same  time  hsrdj  in 
XMtish  gardens,  and  auificiently  bulky  Tor  a  general  arboretum.  Where  an 
arboretum  is  planted  on  a  lawn,  and  where  it  is  not  intended  to  cultivate  the 
soil  about  the  roots  of  the  plants,  there  is  not  a  sinKle  genus  m  this  order,  with 
the  exception  of  that  mentioned,  which  could  witn  proprietj  be  introduced. 
Even  the  common  southernwood,  if  not  planted  in  dug  soil  or  on  rockwork, 
would  soon  become  stunted,  and  would  ultimately  die  o£  Nevertheless,  in  a 
technical  enumeration  of  trees  and  shrubs,  these  spedes  could  not  be  omitted. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


ST^HELrWiJ  Lessing.     Tbb  Stshblina.     Lin.  Syil.  Syngenitia 

£QuMi0. 

Mensifientiom-    LeulDf  STDopt.  Geo.  CaEopaa.y[L  fi.  i  Alt.  Hort,  Kbw.,  Bd.  1,  taL4.  p.  Ml, 
^iKSinnc.     StEbnUnn,  f*.  MBd  Oir. 

utd  phjilcUnt. 
Gen,  Char.,  ^c.  Headi  homogamous,  eaual-flowered.  Itmolucrmu  cylindrical, 
the  scales  imbricated  and  adriressed.  Receptacle  flat,  paleaceous ;  the 
palete  narrow,  persistent,  hardly  concrete  at  the  base.  CoroUa  5-cleft,  re- 
gular. Filament  glabrous.  AnOiert  appendiculate  at  top,  btsctose  at  the 
base ;  the  tails  more  or  leu  bearded.  Style  bearded  on  the  thickened  part. 
Stigmat  concrete  at  base,  and  free  at  apex,  obtuse.  Frvil  oblong,  areoiate 
at  apex.  Pnpput  in  one  series,  the  hairs  combined  at  the  base  into  4  or  S 
bundles.  {G.Don.) 

Leaves   simple,   alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;    linear,  hoary  or  silky 
beneath     Ftoweri  in  terminal  spikes,  usually  naked.  —  Subsh rubs,  ever- 
green i  South  of  Europe  ,  of  easy  culture  in  dry  soil,  and  propi^ated  by 
cuttings  or  seeds, 
tt.  1.  S.  Du^tA  L.     The  doubtful,  or  Sotetnary- 
ieaved,  Steehelina. 
iUAiMdnlfan.     LLn.  Sih.  UTS.  i  L<«i.  Srn.  Oen.  Compoi.,  p.  K: 

win5rsp.  Pi.s.  p.  Itbs. 

^jumfBu.    B.  njmuiioKMla  Can.,  acconUDS  to  L«u-  Sjn-  G«q. 

Gompoi..  p.  0. 
SivniBAwi.    Qw.  PiDT.,  p.  ISO.  tS.i  Lua.  [U..  MS.  1 4.  i  ud 

Spec.  Char,,  Spc,  Leaves  sessile,  linear,  finely 
toothed,  tomentose  beneath.  Inner  tn-acteas 
of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  elongate.  {WiUd.) 
An  evergreen  undershnib.  South  of  Europe. 
Height  2  ft,  to  3  ft.  Cultivated  in  1640.  Ftowers 
purple,  fr^rentj  June  and  July.  wi7.  SMbtOHUMt. 

Genus  II. 

f  A'CCHARIS  R,  Br,    The  Bacchabib,  or  PiovaBMAifs  Sfixsnabd. 
Lm.  ^tt.  Syngen^aia  Sup^rflua, 
Leu.  Sjv.  Oen.  Canpot.,  p,  (M.j  Alt.  Hurt.  Kiw.,  h1.  a.,  tdL  B.  p.  M. 


xLii.  composite:  ba'ccharis. 


Gen.  Char.,  I^c.  HeaOj  many- flowered,  duEdauH.  Corolla  homogamout,  tubular, 
Seceplacle  naked,  seldom  subpaleaceouB.  /nto/ucrum  gubhemispherical,  or 
obtong,  in  many  series,  imbricated.  Corotlai  of  the  male  flowers  5-cleft, 
dHated  at  the  throat ;  anthen  exeerted,  tailles.i;  ityte  more  or  leu  abor- 
tive.  Cotd/Ai  of  the  female  flowers  filifonn,  Bubtruncate ;  iljHt  bifid,  exsetted ; 
antheri  wanting.  Achetaa  generallv  furrowed,  or  ribbed.  Pnmna  [lilose,  <^ 
the  male  in  one  aeries,  of  the  female  in  one  or  many  series.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulete,  deciduous  ;  oblong  lanceolate, 
notched,  aerrated.  or  endre.  Flowert  terminal.  —  Shrubs,  of  short  duration  ; 
natives  of  North  America ;  of  common  culture  and  propagation. 


d.  Sp.  91.,  1. 11.  Ililt. 

°m'^^'   "°      '  ■■'■™'  ..LH.nDdom 

Spec.  Char.,  4^c.     Leavei  obovate,  crenatejy  not(^ed 

ontheterminal  portion.  (Wilid.j     A  large  rambling 

shrub.  Mairlana  to  Florida,  on  the  sea  coast  Height 

8ft.  toIOft.    iDtroducedtn  1B8S.    Fbwers  white, 

with  a  tint  of  purple,  and  resembliiig  those  of  the 

grouDdsel,  but  laiger ;  September  to  Sovember. 

Chiefly  remarkable  for  the  doucous  hue  of  its 
leaves,  in  conse^ence  of  the  whole  plant  being  co- 
vered with  a  whitish  powder.  Its  general  appearance 
accords  with  that  of  the  genus  .4'tripleit,  and  the 
shrubs  of  both  families  are,  accordingly,  well  calcu- 
lated for  being  grouped  together.  A^ccharis  Aali- 
mifblia  will  grow  in  any  common  soil  which  is 
tolerably  dry,  attainiiw  the  height  of  6  or  B  feet  in 
3  or  4  years  j  and  forming  a  large,  loose-headed, 
robust-looking  bush,  of  from  10 ft.  to  18ft.  in  h^ht, 
and  12  or  15  feet  in  diameter,  in  10  years.  Cut- 
tings, in  dry  soil  and  an  open  situationi 

^8.  S.  (a.)  ANcusTiFoYit  PuTMi.     The  narrow-leaved  Baccharis,  , 
PkaghToaa't  ^nkenard. 

liailificaUim.    Punh  S«it.,  9.  p.  tS. 

Emfratttg.  OurJ^.  lOli.  lt«o  >  ipKliaai  (□  Iha  LvnbenUn  h«rlj»riain. 
^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  Derrow,  linear,  entire.  Panicle  com- 
pound, manv-flowered.  Involucre  small  (Purth.)  A  sub- 
evergreen  shrub,  of  less  vigorous  growth,  and  somewhat 
more  tender,  than  the  preceding  species.  Carolina  to 
Florida,  on  the  sea  coast,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
Bd^t  3ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Plowen  white;  July 
to  ScptembOT. 

Neither  the  flowers  nor  the  leaves  of  this  or  the  precediiu 
species  can  be  said  to  be  either  beautiful  or  ornamental ;  partly 
because  they,  as  well  as  the  seeds,  bear  a  strong  general  r 
•emblance  to  the  leaves,  flowers,  and  seeds  of  the  commc. 
groundsel,  a  weed  of  dreaome  occurreace  in  gardens,  and  with 
which  all  our  assodations  are  the  reverse  of  those  of  rarity  o 
Add  also  that  groundsel  trees  can  hardly  be  considered  as  truly  ligneous  planw' 
for  which  reason  we  consider  them  wanting  in  that  dignity  of  character  which 
belongs  to  all  plants  truly  woody. 


548 


ARBORETUM  £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  III. 


I^VA  L.    Thb  Iva.    Lm  Sj/tL  Syngen^a  Necessaria, 

Idmt^catioH.    Lin.  Gen.  PI.,  1429. ;  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  S.,  toI.  5.  p  181. 
DerivaUon*    Uncertain.    Perhapt  from  Yua,  a  name  nted  ly  the  elder  boCaniatt. 

Gen,  Char.f  ^e.  Flowers  monoecious,  male  and  female  on  the  same  head  : 
female  ones  few  on  the  same  head,  m  a  single  series  around  the  circum- 
ference, they  are  tubular  or  campanulate ;  the  male  flowers  are  numerous 
in  the  disk,  they  are  tubular  and  5-toothed.  Involucrum  usually  3 — 5- 
leaved,  campanulate.  Scalet  ovate,  in  one  series ;  rarely  imbricate,  with 
3  or  4  series  of  scales.  Receptacle  flat,  beset  with  linear  or  linear  spathu- 
late  pale».  Stylet  on  the  female  flowers  subulate,  exserted,  rather  hispid ; 
those  of  the  no^es  shorter,  and  thickened  at  top.  Achenia  of  the  disk 
abortive,  those  of  the  ray  a  little  compressed,  naked,  but  furnished  with 
horns,  (fi,  Don,) 

Letvoei  ample,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  lanceolate,  serrated. 
Flowert  in  terminal  heads,  solitary  or  three  together,  constituting  a  folia- 
ceous  terminal  raceme.—  Suffirutescent  deciduous  shrubs,  with  the  habit  of 
i^rtemisia,  but  readily  distinguished  b^  the  mouoedous  flowers.  Induenous 
in  North  America,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  There  is  only  one  shrubby 
species  in  British  gardens. 

^  1.  7.  FRUTB^scENS  L,    The  shrubby  Iva. 

Identification.     Lin.  Amcsn.  Ac,  8.  p^  S6. ;  WUld.  Sp.  PL,  &  p.  2887.  \  Porsh 

Sept.,  3.  p.  580. 
Synonifma.    AgtraU>  alTtnia  peruvUna  firutttoena  PMi.  Aim,  12.  t.  97.  f.  1. 1 

Bastard  Jetults*  Bark  Tree 
Engratringi,    Pluk.  Aim.,  12.  t  27.  f.  1. ;  and  cm  Jig.  1020. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  deeply  serrated,  rough 
with  dots.  {WUld,}  A  suflhiticose  deciduous  bush,  of 
little  or  no  beauty  in  the  popular  sense  of  that  word.  New 
England  to  Flonda,  on  tne  sea  coast.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers  greenish  white;  August 
and  September. 

In  sheltered  dry  situations  it  is  tolerably  hard  v ;  but,  when 
freely  exposed  in  moist  soil,  it  is  apt  to  be  killed  to  the 
ground  in  severe  winters.  Cuttings.  The  Pva  fhit^cens 
can,  however,  hardly  be  considered  a  truly  ligneous  plant. 

Oenus  IV. 

"1 


lOtO.  I. 


SANTOLPNA  Tottm,   Thb  Santolina,  or  Laveitdsr  Cotton,  Lm,  Syti. 

Syngenesia  .£quiilis. 

Ideniificatkm.    Toum.,  t.  26a :  Lin.  Gen.  PI.,  1278. ;  Len.  Syn.  Geu.  Compos.,  p.  209. 

Synonyma.    Santoline,  Fr. :  HeiltgenpBanze,  Ger. ;  Santoliiu,  ItaL 

DerHMUiom.    From  tanettu,  holy,  and  Ummmt  flax ;  lo  called  from  ita  foppoied  medical  qnalltfet. 

Geiis  Char,,  ^c.  Heads  many-flowered,  sometimes  homogamous,  and  some- 
times heterogamous.  Flowers  of  the  rav  few  ;  female,  from  abortion;  some- 
what ligulate.  Receptacle  convex,  subhemispherical,  furnished  with  oblong 
half-flower-clasping  pales.  Involucrum  usually  campanulate,  with  im- 
bricate adpressed  scales.      Thtbc  of  corolla  usually  produced  at  the  base 


XLII.    COMPO'SIT*  :    ^RTEHl's/X  549 

below  into  a  ring  or  hoHow,  which  girds  ihe  top  of  the  ovarium.    Acienia 
oMong,  BUbtetngonal,  quite  glabroos.  (G.  Soa.) 

Leaaei  Bimple,  alternate,  exttipulBte,  erergreen  ;  small,  linear,  toothed,  in 
rows.  Fhaen  capitate,  bractiess;  yellow,  rarely  white.  — DiminutiTe 
evergreen  undershmba,  nativea  of  the  South  of  Europe,  and 
all  their  parts ;  of  easy  culture,  and  (tfop^ation  by  cuttings, 
sandy  soil,  hut  of  short  duration. 

B.  I.  8.  C^u(«CTPARl'saus  L.     The  Dwarf  Cypress  Santolina,  or  commtm 


Char.,  ^c.  Branches  tomentose. 
Leaves  hoary,  toothed  ;  the  teeth  ob- 
tuse, and  in  four  rows.  Each  peduDcle 
bearing  a  single  bead  of  flowers,  which 
has  a  downy  involucre.  (iViiltU)  A 
low  eversreen  bush.  South  of  France, 
in  poor  dry  toils.  Hdght  S  ft.  to  3  ft. 
Introduced  in  1673.  Flowers  yellow; 
July. 

''■™'  The  lavender  cotton  was  common  in  gar- 

dens in  Gerard's  time,  who  says  it  is  acrid,  bitter,  and  aro- 
matic, and  has  much  the  same  qualities  as  southernwood.  It 
was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  but  is  now  disused. 

Other  ^cia.--~S.  tquarroia  W.,  S.  riridii  W.,  and  S. 
totmamdfi&a  L.  (our  fig.  1028.),  are  in  gardens,  but  they 
are  better  adapted  for  being  treated  as  herbaceous  plants 
than  as  shrubs.  '"' 


□  □ 


AKIBMYSIA  Cass.  Thb  Abtbwisia.    lAn.  ^il,  Svngeniaia  Sup^rflua. 
D.  CoopiH,,  p.  Kt.  I  Alt.  Hon.  K»., 


Ggn.  Ckar„  ^c.  Headt  discoid,  faomo^mous  or  betero^amoua.  Fhvxrt  of  the 
r»  in  one  leries,  usually  female,  3-labed.  Sti/lc  biSd,  eiserted.  Fhaer* 
of  the  disk  S-toothed,  hermaphrodite,  or  sterile  or  male  from  the  abor- 
tionof  the  ovarium.  /Rt>o/u«rum  imbricate ;  scales  dry,  with  scabrous  margins. 
Reee^acle  chaffiess,  Battish  or  convex,  naked  or  hairy.  Achema  dxivete, 
naked,  with  a  minute  epigynous  disk. — Herbs  or  undersbrubt.  Tlie  sp^ 
cies  are  newly  all  dispersed  throueh  the  northern  hemisphere.  Leaves 
alteroate,  variously  lobed.  Beads  disposed  in  spikes  or  racemes,  and  the 
spikes  or  racemes  usually  disposed  in  panicles.  Corollas  yellow  or  purple. 
Plants  more  or  less  bitter  or  aromatic.  {G.  Uoa.) 

I^oTCi  simple  (apparenth' compound),  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  i 
deeply  cut  and  divided.  FiouHrri  temunal.  —  Woody  or  sufihitescent  ever- 
green plants,  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  all  of  them  highly  fragrant  and 
aromatic,  and  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any  dry  Boil. 


550 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


n.h  A,  i^BBO'TANUM  L,    The  Abrotanum  Artemisia,  or  Souihemfoood. 

Ident^lcatum,  .Lfn.  Sp.,  118A.  ;  Willd.  8p.  PL,  8.  p.  1818. ;  Ait.  Hort  K«w^  ed.  9.  toI.  6.  p.  8. 

S^no^ftnes.  ilbr^canum  mlU  Dod.  Pemja.  81^  Old  Man:  Armoise  Aurone,  Aorono det  Jardini,  la 
Cltronelle,  la  Garderobe,  Ft,  \  Bberraute,  Wermuth,  Stabwarts.  Gartenmirti.  Ger, ;  AbroCano, 
/la/.,  5|Mm.|a]id  Port, 

Derivation.  The  Greek  name  for  this  plant  ii  Abrotonon,  which  ii  ranouaiy  deriTed  from  abrotom^ 
Incorruptible ;  fVom  abroton^  unfit  for  food ;  (him  the  ioft  delicacy  {«Arote$)  of  it«  appearance ;  or 
flrom  abro$t  soft,  and  loHo»t  extension,  because  it  it  extended,  or  grows  m  a  Terr  soft  manner. 
Why  LImueus  and  others  write  it  Abrotanum  is  not  known.  The  name  of  Old  Han.  doubtless, 
has  reference  to  its  grey  and  powdery  ^ypearanoe.  It  is  called  Garderobe  In  Frenoi,  finMn  Its 
being  used  to  prevent  mcwis  from  getting  into  clothes-pressee  and  wardrobes.  Eberrante  is  boar's 
rue  i  and  Wermuth,  wormwood ;  Stabwurts  means  stafT  root ;  and  Garte&wurti  garden  root. 

SngravingM     Blackw.,  t.  &6. ;  Woodv.,  356. 1. 119. ;  aadoarjig.  1088. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Seem  straight.  Lower  leaves  bipinnate, 
upper  ones  pinnate,  with  the  segments  hair-like.  Calyxes 
pubescent,  hemispheriod.  ( WiBd,)  A  suffniticose  bush. 
South  of  Europe,  Siberia,  Syria,^  and  China.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.  in  low  situations,  and  in  mountains  not  above 
half  that  height,  with  the  branches  recumbent.  Introduced 
in  1596.    Flowers  yellowish  ;  August  to  October. 

Varietiet, 

tt.  A.  A.  2  hutmle  Hort.  is  a  low-growing  spreading 
shrub,  found  on  mountains  in  the  South  of  JSivope, 
and  retaining  its  dwarf  habit  for  some  years  in 
British  gardens, 
a.  A.  A.  3  ioboUHanum  Hort.,  A,  tobobki&na  Lodd. 
Cat,,  was  introduced  from  Siberia  in  1820  or  be- 
fore, and  is  a  much  more  vigorous-growing  variety,  and  larger  in  all 
its  parts,  than  the  species. 

Well  known  for  its  fragrance,  which  appears  to  proceed 
from  glandular  dots  in  the  leaves. 


Other  Species, — A.  arborhceru  L.,  a  native  of  the  South 
of  France  and  the  Levant,  is  said  to  attain  the  height 
of  6  or  8  feet,  but  it  is  more  suffirutescent  than  A, 
i4br6tanum.  A.  procera  Willd.,  South  of  France,  is 
equally  ligneous  with  the  common  southernwood,  and 
grows  to  the  heiffht  of  5  or  6  feet  in  the  Paris  garden, 
where  it  stands  tne  winter  without  protection.  A.  Sai^ 
tomca  L.,  and  our  fig,  1024s  is  a  low  spreading  bush,  not 
exceeding  a  foot  in  height. 


1018.  A,  ilfaltfUaBin. 


lOH.  A 


Genus  VI. 


□ 


OTNE  CIO  Lemng.    Thb  Senecio.    Xm.  Sytt.    Syngen^ia 

Sup^ua. 

Ueniffieathn,    \.9U.  Synops.  Gen.  Compos.,  p.  891. 

SE/""^^^^^  - -^^^^^^  fe«S^h-the 

^"^^^Zff't^^  homogamous,  discoid,  or  heterogamous.  Flowen  of  the 
ray  bgulate.  femide.  Involucre  in  one  series,  sometimes  naked,  and  some 
time  calyculated  by  accessory  scales.  Scaies  usually  sphacelate  at  apex,  with 
subscanous  margins,  frequentlv  marked  by  two  nerves  on  the  badT.  Re^ 
ceptaclc  destitute  of  pales,  naked  or  alveokte.    Styles  of  hermaphrodite 


XLII.    COMPO'SlT«:    MUTI'SW.  551 

flowen  truDcatc,  aod  penciled  at  apei.  Achema  beakleaa,  wingleaa,  nearly 
terete,  aad  sulcately  angular.  Pappiu  piloBe,  in  many  series,  caducous  j 
briatle*  erect,  nearly  equal,  very  slender,  scoruely  scabrous. —  Herbs  or 
shrubs,  Fery  Tariable  in  habit.     Leaves  altemat&     Flowers  Eolitary,  co- 

rbose,  or  nanicled.     Ligulie  of  heads  ycUow,  nrtly  purple  or  white  i 
disks  usuaUy  yellow.  (G.Am.) 
Leava    simple,  apparently  compound,   tXttX' 
nate,  eistipulate,  evergreen;  pinnatiEd.    Flouiert 
terminal.  —  A  suflruticose   bush,  native  of  the 
South  of  Europe. 

B  1.  S.  Cihbra'ria  Dec.    The  Cineraria-like 
IT  Sea  Ragumri. 
.  p.  3»9. ;   Snnt  Hon  BtW.,  (d.  g. 


Spec,  Ciar.,  ^c.  Leaves  pianatifid,  tomentose  be- 
neath ;  the  lobes  (dituae,  and  each  connating  of 
about  3  obtuse  lobelels.  Flowers  in  panicle*. 
Involucre     tomentose.      (Wiild.)         A    suffilk  ,(„,  ».Oto«iit 

tescent  bush,  remarkable  for   the  white  mealy 

aspect  of  ita  rambling  branches  and  fbli^e.  South  of  Europe,  on  the 
sea  coast  and  on  rocks.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
yellow,  ragwort-like;  June  to  AuguaL 

tJnIeu  planted  in  very  dry  soil,  it  is  lii*le  to  be  killed  to  the  ground  in  se- 
vere winters  t  but  such  is  the  beauty  of  its  whitish,  large,  and  deeply  sinunted 
foliage,  at  every  season  of  the  year,  that  it  well  deserves  a  place  on  rodcwork 
or  against  a  wall,  where  it  may  be  associated  with  5aUinum  mar^nitum,  aod 
any  other  Ugneous  whitiaMesved  species  of  thM  genus. 


Gehus  VII. 


E 


MVTl'SIA  Cav.    Thb  Mutisia.    Im,  Syii.    Syngendaia  Polyg^ia 
8up£rflua. 

,  T.  p.  1. 1  C».  luD.,  &  p,  S4.  1  Hook.  BoC  HlK., 
nod  MflDd  aod  tormpoDdHit,  Am  Jan  CrtaUaa 

Gen.  Char.,  ifc.  Headt  heteroeamous,  unequal-flowered.  Ineolucre  of  many 
series  of  flat  imbricated  scales ;  outer  ones  shortv.  Recrpladc  naked. 
Floaeri  of  the  disk  hermaphrodite,  those  of  the  ray  female.  CoroUat  bila- 
biate, the  tubes — 10 — 15-nerved;  those  on  the  disk  rather  tubular,  the 
throat  not  distinct  from  the  tube;  outer  lip  of  the  limb  tridentate,  inner 
one  bipartite:  the  outer  lip  of  the  ray  flowers  large,  ligula-fonned,  and 
tridentate  at  apex  ;  under  one  bipartite,  with  linear  lobes.  Antheri  wanting 
in  the  ray  flowers  \  those  in  the  oisk  exseried,  long-tailed.  Sli/U  cylindrical, 
bifid.  Achcida  beaked,  ribbed,  long,  and  glabrous  \  the  palen  bebg  confer- 
ruminated  at  the  base,&ll  off  altogether  or  in  one  piece.  {G.  Don.) 

Leavet  umple  or  apparently  compound,  alternate,  exttipulate,  everffrecn ; 
entire  or  serrated;  the  common  petiole  usually  drawn  out  at  the  end  into  a 
tendril.  Fioiueri  purple,  rose-coloured,  or  yellow.  —  Climbing  shrubs, 
netires  of  South  Ainerica,  requinng  tiie  protection  of  a  wall  in  the  climate 
of  London. 


652  ABBORETUIi    ET    FHUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

L  1.  H.  LATiFoYlA  D.  Don.     The  bro*d-1e»Ted  Hutuis. 

D  Ua.  Tnuii.,  I*,  p.  Wa. ;  Brit  _  

^'oud.,Lc.|  uid  OUT  A.  lOM. 

Spec.  Ckar^  ire.     Stem  winged.  Wing*  broad, 

leafy.       Leaves     cordBte-oblone,    dentate- 

■pinoK,  wooDy  beoeath.     InTolucre  «»ly, 

sppendiculate.  Pappui  arranged  in  a  douUe 

geriea,  feathery,  emil.  truncate  at  the  apes. 

(Z>,  Don.)     A  climbing  evergreeti  sbnib. 

Valparaiso  in  Chili,  on  hills,  among  bushes. 

Stem   10  ft.  to  15ft.     Introduced  to  1838. 

Flowers  mnk,  or  rosy,  and  yellow  ;  Septetn. 

her  and  October.  , 

A  very  nngular  and  at  the  Kune  time  beau-C 

tiful  shrub,  which  no  collection  ought  to  be 

without,  where  there  are  a  wall  and  a  dry  eoiL 

Other   Spedet.~M.   iHi^iUa,  M.    inJUm.X. 
M.  HiKariJotia,    M.  rmamiia,  and  M.    ncA- 
tjAnoia,  are  figured  and  described  in  Hofiker't 

BolaaiaU  Mucellany,   voL  i. ;   and   M.  orach-  ,„„.  „,a^  luioiti. 

noidea  Mart,  is  figured   in  Bot.  Mag.,t.  8705. 

Most  of  thete  species  would  pTobably  live  against  a  well  in  a  wann  utuatioD, 
on  a  dry  soil.  -  At  all  events  M.  latifolia  it  tolerably  hardy,  having  Btood  out 
several  years  in  the  climate  of  London,  without  the  slightest  protection  ;  and 
as  it  reproenta  a  family  of  climbers  so  very  different  from  every  other  hitherto 
cultivated  in  British  gardens,  we  cannot  but  itroDgly  recommend  it  to  every 
one  who  is  curious  in  plants. 


Order  XLIII.    ZRICA'CE.E. 

OXD.  CBAH.  Calyx  and  CoroUa  each  with  4 — 5  segments.  Stantent  4 — S— 
8 — 10,  inserted  variously,  but  alternately  with  the  sc^meDti  of  tbe  corolla, 
where  not  more  numerous  than  they.  Anihen,  in  most,  with  S  cells. 
Ovary  with  its  cells,  in  most,  agreeing  in  number  with  the  B^meDts  of  the 
calyx  or  corolla.  Style  and  ftig/na  undivided.  Seed*  many.  Alhtmen 
fleshy.     Enbruo  erect,  slender. 

Lraoei  simple,  opposite  or  whorled,  stipulate  or  exatipulale,  dedduous  or 
evergreen;  entire  or  serrated.  Infioreicence  variable,  the  pedicels  generally 
bracteate.  — Shrubs,  deciduous  and  evergreen,  and  some  ot  them  low  trees  ; 
natives  of  most  parts  of  the  world ;  and  containing  many  of  our  finest  and 
most  ornamental  harpy  shrub*  in  British  gardens. 

All  the  species  have  hair-like  roots,  and  require  a  pest  stnl,  or  a  soil  of  a 
close  cohesive  nature,  but  which  is  yet  susceptible  of  being  readily  P^^ 
trated  by  the  Gnest  fibrils  which  belong  to  any  kind  of  plants.  -  Peat, 
thoroughly  rotted  leaf  mould,  or  very  luie  loamy  sand,  are  stuls  of  this 
description,  and  are  accordingly  required,  more  or  leas,  for  all  the  plants  of 
this  order.  The  heir-like  roots  of  the  £ric&cete  soon  suffer,  either  Irom  a 
deficiency  or  a  superfluity  of  moisture ;  and  hence  en  important  part  of  their 
cubure  in  gardens  consists  in  keeping  the  soil  in  which  they  grow  equally 
moist.  In  transiilaniing  hur-rooted  plants,  they  are  very  aa\,  to  suffer  from 
their  slender  fibrils  coming  in  contact  with  the  air :  but,  fortunately,  these 
fibrils  are  so  numerous,  and  eo  interiaced  with  each  other,  as  to  form  n  kind 
of  network,  which  encloses  and  supports  a  portion  of  the  soil  in  which  they 
growi  and  the  plants  are,  consequently,  ahnosi  ulways  sent  Eifom  the  nurseries 


XLIII.   ^RICA^CEiE.  553 

with  Binall  balls  of  earth  attached  to  them.    All  the  species  are  readily  propa^ 
gated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings. 

The  following  characteristics  of  the  genera,  aad  of  the  eroups  which  they 
form,  are  deduced  from  Don's  Ji£iler,  in  which  the  whole  order  has  been 
remodelled  by  Professor  Don :  — 

Sect.  L    i?Ri^cEJE. 

Sect,  Char,  Calyx  not  connate  with  the  ovary,  except  in  Oaulthena*  Disk 
nectariferous,  hypor^ous.  Fruit,  in  most,  a  capsule.  Inflorescence,  in 
the  bud  state,  naked. 

§  i.  £Bi^CBiB  NORMA'LBs.     Cofyx  ofut  CoTolla  eoch  with  4  Segments,     Corolla 

permanent.    Stamens  8.     Fndt  with  4  Cells, 

JSri'ga  D,  Don,  Filaments  capillary.  Anthers  not  protruded  beyond  the 
corolla;  the  cells  short,  opening  by  an  oblong  hole.  Stigma  peltate. 
Leaves  needle-shaped,  scattered,  or  in  whorls. 

Gtpsoca^llis  Sal,  Filaments  flat.  Anthers  protruded  beyond  the  corolla  ; 
the  cells  opening  by  an  oblique  hole.  Stigma  simple.  Leaves  needle-shaped, 
in  whorls. 

Caixu  NA  Sal,  Corolla  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Filaments  dilated.  Anthers 
not  protruded  beyond  the  corolla,  with  two  small  appendages  at  the  base : 
their  cells  end  in  a  point,  and  open  lengthwise.  Leaves  arrow-shaped  at 
the  base,  obtuse  at  the  tip  ;  in  transverse  section  triangular,  imbricate  in 
4  rows. 

§  u,    Andbomb'djeJS.      Corolla '  deciduous.      Stamens,  in  most,  not  protruded 

beyond  the  Corolla, 

A.  Theiolhwing  7  Genera  have  all  been  instituted  out  of  the  Oenus  Andr6med&; 
and  aUhave  10  Stamens,  1  Pistil,  and  FruU  that  has  a  locuUddal  Dehiscence, 

Andro'mbd4  L.  Calyx  with  5  acute  segments.  Corolla  globose,  with  a 
contracted  5-toothed  mouth.  I^laments  bearded.  Anthers  with  short, 
1-awned  cells.  Stigma  truncate.  Leaves  linear  lanceolate.  Flowers  in 
terminal  umbel-like  groups. 

Cassi^op^  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  5  leafy  segments.  Corolla  bell-shaped, 
5>cleft.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  short,  tumid,  1-awned  cells. 
Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  with  its  valves  bifid  at  the  tip.  Sinall  heath-like 
shrubs.    Leaves  imbricate.    Flowers  solitary. 

Cassa^ndr^i  D.  Don.  Calyx  bibracteate,  5-cleft.  Corolla  oblong,  with  a 
contracted  5-tpothed  mouth.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  cells 
elongated  at  the  tip,  and  tubular  there.  Stigma  annulated.  Leaves  with 
short  petioles,  and  elliptic  oblong  disks,  that  have  peltate  scales  on  both 
surfaces.  Flowers  axillary,  disposed  as  if  in  racemes  along  the  terminal 
parts  of  the  branches. 

Zeso^ja  D.  Don.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  bell-shaped,  with  a  revolute 
5-lobed  limb.  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers  with  cells  elongate,  tubular, 
and  S-awned  at  the  tip.  Stigma  truncate.  Leaves  dilated,  with  the 
margins  usually  toothed.    Flowers  in  racemes. 

Lto^ni^  Nutt.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  ovate  or  tubular,  with  a  contracted 
5-toothed  mouth.  Filaments  short,  flat,  downy.  Anthers  with  membra^ 
nous  cells  that  open  lengthwise.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  5-comered. 
Flowers  for  the  most  part  terminal,  disposed  in  racemose  panicles. 

Lbuco^tho^  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  5  leafy  segments.  CoroUa  tubular, 
toothed.  Filaments  flat,  downy.  ^  Anthers  with  short  truncate  cells. 
Stigma  laige,  capitate.    Flowers  white,  in  racemes. 

Pi'bris  D,  Don.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  tubular  or  ovate,  with  a  con* 
tracted,  5-toothed,  revolute  mouth.  I^laments  dilated,  furnished  with  2 
bristles  at  the  tip.    Anthers  with  short  incumbent  cells  that  open  length- 


I 


554  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

wise.     Stigma  truncate.    Leaves  coriaceous.    Flowers  drooping,  terminal, 
racemose. 

B.  Capsule  with  the  Dehitcence  septicidai, 

PuTLLo^Doc^  Sal.  Calyx  with  5  segments.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  con- 
tracted 5-toothed  mouth.  Stamens  10,  not  protruded.  Filaments  slen- 
der, glabrous.  Anthers  with  short  truncate  cells.  Stigma  peltate,  with 
5  tubercles. 

Brya^nthus  Gmel,  Calyx  5-leaved,  imbricate.  Corolla  deeply  5-parted, 
spreading.  Stamens  10,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Filaments  flattened, 
glabrous.  Cells  of  anthers  short,  awned  behind.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule 
5-celled. 

'Dab(e"cia  D.  Don.  Calyx  with  4  segments.  Corolla  oval,  inflated ;  its 
mouth  4-toothed.  Stamens  8,  endosed.  FOaments  dilated,  glabrous. 
Anthers  linear,  sagittate  at  the  base,  their  cells  parallel,  loosen^l  at  the 
apex,  opening  lengthwise.     Stigma  truncate.    Capsule  4-celled. 

C.  Calyx  and  Corolla  each  with  5  Segments,    Stamens  10,  not  protruded  beyond 

the  Corolla. 

il^RBUTUS  Comer.  Corolla  globose  or  ovate,  with  a  small  reflexed  border. 
Anthers  compressed  at  the  sides,  opening  at  the  tip  by  2  pores,  fixed  by 
the  back  beneath  the  tip,  and  there  furnished  with  2  reflexed  awns.  Ovary 
with  5  cells,  ovules  in  each  cell  many.    Berry  externally  granulate. 

i^RCTosTA^PHYLos  Adons.  All  as  in  ^^rbutus,  except  that  the  firuit  is  not 
externally  granulate,  and  that  the  cells,  which  are  5  in  number,  include 
each  but  1  seed. 

PBRNE^TTYii  Gaudichaud.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  revolute  limb.  Anthers 
with  the  2  cells  2-lobed  at  the  tip,  the  lobes  bifid.  Hypogynous  scales  10, 
3-lobed,  surrounding  the  ovary.    Berry  with  5  cells  and  many  seeds. 

Gaulthe^i^  L.  Corolla  ovate,  inflated.  Anthers  bifid  at  the  tip,  each 
lobe  with  2  awns.  Ovarv  half^inferior.  Hypogynous  (?  perigynous]^  scales 
10,  usually  united  at  the  base.  Capsule  with  5  cells,  the  ddiiscence 
loculicidal. 

Epigjb^a  L.    Corolla  salver-shaped.    Capsule  with  5  cells. 

Clb^hra  L.  Corolla  so  deeply  5-parted  as  to  seem  5-petaled.  Filaments 
membranous.  Capsule  with  3  cells,  many  seeds,  and  a  loculicidal  ddiis- 
cence. 

D.  7^  Characteristics  as  under. 

Phalbroca'bpus  jD.  Don.  Calyx  4-cleft,  with  2  bracteas  at  its  base.  Co- 
rolla short,  campanulate,  4-cldre.  Stamens  8.  Filaments  ?  hairy.  Anthers 
semibifid.    Hypogynous  disk  84obed  or  8-toothed. 

Sect.  II.     Ahodo^rbje. 

Sect.  Char.  Calyx  not  connate  with  the  ovary.  Disk  nectariferous,  hypo- 
gynous. Buds  of  inflorescence  resembling  strobiles  in  form,  and  in 
being  scaly.    Leaves  flat,  callous  at  the  extremity  of  the  midrib. 

T^hododb'ndron  D.  Don.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  somewhat  funnel- 
shaped,  5-clefL  Stamens  5—10.  Anthers  opening  by  terminal  pores. 
Capsule  5^Ued,  5-valved,  opening  at  the  tip. 

Ka'imia  L.  Corolla  of  the  shape  of  a  wide-spread  bdl,  and  with  10  cavities 
on  the  inside,  in  which  the  anthers  of  10  stamens  repose  before  shedding 
their  pollen.    Capsule  Swelled.     Dissepiments  marginal. 

Menzib  sxa  D.  Don.  Calyx  4rcleft.  CoroUa  globose,  ^-c\eh.  Stamens  8. 
Capsule  4-celled,  4rvalvea. 

AzA^LEA  D,  Don*  Calyx  5-parted  Corolla  bell-shaped,  5-clefl.  Stamens  b. 
Cells  of  anthers  opening  lengthwise.  Capeule  5-celled,  5-valved,  opening 
at  top. 


XLIII«   £RICA^CEiB:   J^RI^CA.  555 

Leiopht'llum  Pert.  Calyx  and  corolla  deeply  5-parted.  Stamens  10, 
exserted.  Anthers  lateral,  opening  lengthwise  on  tne  inside.  Capsule  5- 
celled,  5-yalved,  opening  at  the  tip. 

2/B^UM  L.  Calyx  minute,  4-toothed.  Corolla  in  5  segments,  so  deep  as  to 
seem  petals.  Stamens  5^10,  exserted.  Anthers  openixig  by  pores  at  the 
tip.  Capsule  5-celled,  5-?alved,  opening  at  the  base.  Seeds  terminating 
in  a  wing  at  each  end. 

Sect.  III.      rACCINIB^JE. 

Sect.  Char,    Calyx  connate  with  the  ovary.  Disk  nectariferous,  perigynous. 
Fruit  a  berry. 

Tacci^nium  L.  Calyx  4— 5-toothed.  Corolla  pitcher-shaped  or  bell-shaped, 
4— 5-cleft.  Stamens  8—10.  Anthers  2-homed ;  and,  in  some,  furnished  at 
the  back  with  spreading  spurs  or  bristles.  Berry  globose,  4— 5-celled, 
many-seeded. 

OxYco'ccus  Pers,  Calyx  4-cleft.  Corolla  4^{>arted,  with  the  segments 
somewhat  linear  and  revolute.  Stamens  8.  Filaments  conniving.  Others 
tubular,  tripartite.    Berry  4-Gelled,  manynieeded. 


Sect  L     jEri^ CE£. 
$  i.     Yaice€B  normdles. 


In  British  gardens  all  the  species  are  propagated  by  layers  or  division,  or 
by  cuttings  from  the  points  of  the  crowing  shoots  planted,  but  not  deep, 
in  pure  sand,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass.  All  the  plants  require  a  peaty 
soil,  mixed  with  sand;  a  cool  subsoil,  moist  rather  than  dry;  and  an  open 
airy  situation.    They  also  require  to  be  renewed  every  3  or  4  years. 

Genus  I. 


□□□□Q 


ERTCA  D.  Don.    Thb  Hbath.    Lm.  SysL  Oct&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Identifleatiom.    D.  Don  in  Edinb.  N«w  FhU.  Joura..  17.  pl  16S. ;  Dan*i  Mill.,  S.  p.  790. 
Sifnonifmet.    JBrlca  fp.  of  Lfamanii  and  other  authon ;  Bruyfere,  Fr.  \   HMde,  Oer» ;   Brtca, 

lUU, 
DerHnHom,    The  erica  of  FUny  li  altered  flnoro  the  ereikfi  of  llieophraitai,  which  it  derired  from 

ereikS,  to  break:  from  the  aapDoted  quality  of  tome  of  the  ipedet  of  breaking  the  itone  in  the 

bladder. 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  4-parted,  with  a  naked  base.  Corolia  globose  or  urceolate, 
with  a  44obed  limb.  Stamens  enclosed.  FUamentt  capillary.  Anthers 
bifid  ;  cells  of  anthers  opening  by  an  oblong  hole,  awned  or  crested  at  the 
base  or  mutic.    Stignuu  peltate.    Capsule  4-celled,  many-seeded.    {DofCs 

jam,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  vertidllate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear  or 
chalfy.  Flowers  terminal,  &scicled,  or  racemose.  Pedicels  scaly. — Shrubs, 
diminutive,  evergreen,  with  hair-like  roots ;  natives  of  Europe. 

n,  I.  E,  7^'tralix  L.    The  four-leaved  Heath. 

lietUifieatiom.    Lin.  Sp..  ed.  3.  p.  S07. ;  Don*!  Mill.,  3.  p.  793. 

iSynoimnef.    E.  botulfiOnnlt  Sal,  In  lAn.  8oc.  Tram.  A,  p.  360. ;  B.  barbiolca  RaH  St/».  471. ;  E. 

pitmlla  Park.  Tkeair.  1483.  No.  5. ;  S.  Tttniix  rfiibra  Hort.  Erie.  Wobmm,  p.  SB. ;  the  crow- 

leaTod  Heath  ;  Sumpf  Heide,  G<r. ;  Scopa  dl  Fior  roMO,  Ital. 
Etigro»tmg9'    Cart.  Ff.  Lond.,  laac  1. 1.  21. ;  Bng.  Bot,  1. 1814. ;  and  our  A.  1017. 


556 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


lOtr    ATtlKMM. 


iom.    Lin.  Sp.,  ed.  S.  p.  801. :  Dan*f  M UL,  S.  p.  795. 

t.   S.  nutftbiUs  SaiUb.  in  LH^  Traiu.  4.  p.  MO.  i  S.  hOmllU  Neek,  0 

r.  119S. ;  S.  dniraa  r&bn  Hort,  Erie,  WoUtm.  p.  ft. ;  SoopA,  lial. 


GalL  16S. ;  E,  tenni- 


Spec,  Char,,  4*^.  Plant  of  a  ^yish  hue.  Leaves  ciliated, 
4  in  a  whorl.  Flowers  in  terminal  heads.  Corolla 
ovate-globose,  about  3  lines  long,  downy  at  the  tip  outside. 
Spurs  of  anthers  lanceolate.  (Son*t  MUl,)  A  mminutive 
evergreen  bush.  North  of  Europe,  in  boggy  or  moory 
ground ;  plentiful  in  Britain.  Heignt  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers 
red ;  July  to  September. 

Varieties, 

flL  E.  T.  1  ruln^  Hort.  Eric.  Wobum.  p.  25.— Corolla 

pale  red. 
flL  E.  T.  2  cdmea  Loudon's  H.  B.  —  Corolla  of  a  flesh 

colour. 
flL  E.  T.  3  diha  Hort.  Eric.  Wobum.  p.  25.  —  Corolla 

white 
flL  E.  T.  4  Mackt^aiSL.    E.  Maclaiana  Bab.  Fl.  Hiber. 

p.  181. — It  has  the  leaves  and  calvx  of  E,  ciliikris,  and  the  flowers 

of  E,  T6tnJa. ;  probably  a  hybrid  between  the  species.   Ireland. 

The  badge  of  the  clan  Macdonald,  and  the  species  most  commonly  used  for 
middng  besoms. 

■.  2.  E.  cxne'rba  Zr»    The  grey  Heath. 

IbWA  Oer, 
Smgra9img$.    Cart.  Fl.  Lond,  tue,  1.  tSft.j   Bngl.  Bot.,' 1. 1016.;' and  oor/^f.lOW. 

Spec.  Char,f  S^c.  Leaves  3  in  a  whorl.  Corolla  ovate-urceo- 
late.  Flowers  verticillate,  on  the  naked  steins.  Crests  of 
anthers  ear-formed.  Corolla  3  lines  long,  purple,  changing 
to  blue  as  it  fades.  This  is  easily  distinguished  from  E.  7\§tralix 
by  its  glaucous  deep  green  hue,  and  deep  purple  or  sometimes 
white  flowers.  {Don*s  MUi.)  .  A  diminutive  evei^green  shrub. 
Europe,  but  not  in  the  south,  nor  in  the  extreme  north ; 
plentiful  in  Britain.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Flowers  purple, 
changing  to  blue  as  they  firae ;  July  to  September. 

Farietiei. 

s.  E.  <?.  2  atroourpurea  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.   1409.  —  Plant 

dwarf.    Flowers  deeper  purple, 
tt.  E.  c.  3  60)a  Lodd.  Cat. — Flowers  white. 
B.  E.  <?.  4  piMida  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  1507. —Flowers  pale 

purple. 

B.  E.  c.  5  oamhceiu  Lodd.  Cat. — Flowers  flesh-coloured. 
flL  E.  c.  6  proli/era  Lodd.  Cat.— Flowers  proliferous. 
B.  E.  c.  7  stricta  Lodd.  Cat. — Branches  erect. 

The  badge  of  the  clan  Macalister.    Readily  distinguished  firom  E.  Tiinlbi 
by  its  glabrous  deep  green  hue,  and  deep  purple  flowers. 

ii  3.  E,  austraYis  L.    The  southern  Heath. 

Jdentiflcaiiom,    Lin.  Mant.,  p.  881. ;  Don't  MUl.,  8.  p.  795. 
Aiionyni«.    E.  piitillMt  SM.  tn  JJm.  8oe,  TVam.  6.  p.  868. 
Amrmhtgi.    Andr.  Heatht,  8.  t.  81.  |  Bot  Cab.,  1. 1478. ;  and  our 

J&.ioao. 

Spec,  Char.,  ic  A  shrub,  3  fL  to  6  ft.  high.  Leaves 
4  in  a  whorl,  scabrous,  spreading,  mucronate. 
Flowers  terminal,  small.  Corolla  purplish  red, 
3  lines  long,  with  a  curved  funnel-shaped  tube,  and 
a  recurved  limb.  Pedicels  beset  with  gemmaceous 
bracteas.  Anthers  crested.  (Don't  MUL)  An  erect 
pyramidal  shrub.  Spain  and  Portugal.  Height  5  fL 
to  7  ft  Introduced  in  1769.  Flowers  red;  April 
to  August. 


lOlS.     B.  rlirfwi 


XLiti.  £ricaVex:  gypsoca'llis. 


B.  4.  £.  ciLiA^is  L.     The  ciliste-ANnwil  Heatfa. 
IdaU^lcatim.    Lin.  Bp..'ed.  1.  p.  354.  ;  Dan'i  HUL,  p.  IM. 
£u»hn    Bot.lli»,t.«M.iBn(.BM.Snppl.,t.Klt.iUilin 

f^pec.  Char,,  ^.  Leaves  3  in  a  whorl,  onte,  glan 
dululy  dliate,  *prcadiiip,  ratlier  remote,  Flowen 
tenDinal,  nibracemoae,  directed  to  one  side.  Brae 
teas  sessile,  qiproxiiSBte  to  the  calpi.  S^meDti 
of  calyx  spathulate,  ciliate.  Corolla  smooth,  ovate 
more  ventricose  on  the  upper  side,  4  lines  long 
IHile  red.  Style  prominent.  (Don'i  MUL)  A 
diminudTe  everereen  shrub.  Portu^,  and  Eng' 
land,  in  Cornwall.  Height  6  in.  to  1ft.  Flowen 
pele  red ;  August  aud  Sqitembo'. 
A  comparatiTelf  rare  and  rerj  beauti&l  ipeaes,  icm.  i 


Genus  II. 

□  □□ 


OYPSOCaXLIS  SaL    Tai  Otpsocallis,  or  Moor  Heatb. 
IAk.  Sytl.  Octindria  Monog^is, 


meats  Battened  or  filiform.  Anikeri  btpartitc^  having  the  cells  mutic  at  tbe 
base,  disdnct  and  substipulate,dehisdns  by  an  oblique  pore.  Sttgmanmpte. 
Capnte  ^^x^^ed,  many-seeded.  (^Dm'ilUiU.) 

Leava  ample,  alternate,  eistipukte,  ever^ireen  ;  acerose,  whorled,  lateral 
or  terminal.  fSjuwn  crowded,  —  Shrubs,  dmnuutive,  evergreen;  nativea  of 
Europe  and  Africa.  This  genus  is  easily  distinsnished  from  .^ca,  by  the 
exserted  anthers,  fiattened  filaments,  and  simpTe  stigma. 

B.  1.  O  VA^OANs  SaL     The  wandering  G^soeallia,  or  Cortaih  Moor  StaA. 

U.  HSS. J  Don-I  HIU.,  a.  p.  MO. 

linni  Itn.  Maml.  t.  f.UO.;  S-ytfti  Sal.  In  Ua.  Sot.  Tmu.  «,  p.  (U.t  M. 
•j-ftJugltcal.  Cfi.)  B.iiiraiASieta\B  yiMmi^'i  Jw.  Arrti^imtm  «M.  t  f. 

Bnc.  Bol.,t.'s.'|  Ba]Ln.F>r,t.n.i  udnnrj^.lOai. 
Spec.  Char.,  S/e,      Stem  dabrous.      Leaves  4 — 5  in  a  whorl, 

tiguous,   glabrous.      FlowerB   stnal),   upon    footstalks,   aullary,^ 
mostly  8  m  an  axil,  and  those  of  any  branch  seeminc  as  if  dis-^ 
posed  in  a  raceme,  from  the  flowers  being  stalked  and  produced   l 
from  axils  near  one  another.      Bracteas  remote  from  the  calyx. 
Corolla  short,  bell-shaped.    (ZJon'i  MilL)     A  diminutive  ever- 
green shrub.     England,  in  Cornwall;  and  the  South  of  France 
and  If orth  of  AJHcA.     Height  6  in.  to  I  ft.    Flowers  pale  purplish   , 
red  ;  July  to  Sqitember.  ^ 

if. 

L  G.  t>.  8  pd^&ja.— Corolla  pale  red.  (Borii  MiO.) 

L  G.v.  anbitcinu  Bree,Loud.  H.B.  ed.2.  p. &B6.— Corolla rubescent. 


»3  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETtlH    URITANNICUM. 

■.  G.v.  i purfmriteetu  Bree,   Loud.   H.  B.   ed.  2.   p.  588.  —Corolla 

puipliih. 
u.  G.v.  5  ilba.  —  F\owen  Bxillory.     Corolla  white.  (Don'i  MUL) 
B.  0.  c.  0  leiUUa.  —  Kowera  terminating  the  BmBll  branches.     Corolla 

white.  (Don't  AfUt.) 

m.  2.  Q.  MULTirLO'R*  D.  Don.     The  manf-^owered 
Oypsocellii,  or  Moor  Heath, 


Oarilrl  Ali.  p.  IfiO.  L  Is. ;  £.  multUdn  Isnglp^aiixlUu  WaM.  Eric. 
Utx.  A.  p.  7. 1  E.  pedupcuUiii  PrtMl  \  Scop*  fraode  nwo.  UaL 

B„fmliif-    iot.  &i>..t.im.  I  toi  oat  Ji.Saa. 

^>ec.  Char.,  ^-c.  Leaves  i — 5  in  a  whorl,  gtebrous,  lincBr. 
Flowers  aiillar;,  disposed  in  a  racemose  corymb. 
Bracteas  remote  Trom  the  calj^x.  Corolla  1}  to  8  lines 
long,  pale  red,  bell-sh^)ed,  with  a  refleied  limb.  Pe- 
dicel twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Anthers  black, 
their  orifices  near  the  tip.  {Don't  MiU.'i  A  dinibutiTe 
evergreen  shrub.  France,  Spain,  and  the  South  of 
Europe  generatl)'.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1751.  Flowers  pale  red  (  May  or  June ;  and, 
under  favourable  drcumstance*,  till  November  or  De- 
cember.  Capsule  brown. 
Like  other  heaths,  to  flower  freely,  it  requires  to  be 

kept  in  a  cool,  open,  airj  situation,  in  which  it  will  attidn 

the  height  of  8  ft. 


Utmiiflcaliim.    D.  I>i)a1nEillDb.'N>w  Plill.  JwiriL.  Ji 
tn  £^  Sk  Traml.  C  P.S4S. 


_  f?.  Char,,  i[c.  Stems  and  branches  prostrate. 
Leave*  S-~4  in  a  whorl,  linear,  glabrous, 
.1.      I       ,  _i-._..      r.,  miliary,  droop- 


■■,  pale  

calyx.  CoroUas  conical,  !^  lines.  Anthers 
with  an  oriEce  extending  from  the  middle  to 
the  tip.  {Dim't  JUUL)  A  diminutive,  pro- 
cumbent, evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Oennany 
and  Switzerland,  and  North  Wales.  Hdght 
6  in.  Cultivated  in  1T63.  Flowers  pale  rad ; 
January  to  AprH. 


■  4.  O.  HBDiTBRBii^NBA  D,  Don.    The  Mediter- 
ranean Gypsocallis,  or  Moor  Heath. 

a  Bdlnb.  New  PhU.  Jouni.,  July,  18M ; 


Spec.  CAar.,  ^c.  A  shrub,  4  fl.  to  6  ft.  high.  Leaves 
4—5  in  a  whorl,  linear,  cuneate,  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers aziUary,  disposed  in  the  manner  of  a  raceme, 
directed  to  the  lower  side,  so  nodding  Bracteas 
above  themiddleofthepedicels.  Corolla  pitcher- 
shaped,  red.    Anthers  dark,  foraminose  from  the 


XLIII.   ^RICA^CE^. :    CALLU^NA.  559 

middle.  (Don^s  JMUl,)  A  pyramidal  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  in  the  region 
of  the  Mediterranean ;  and  Cunnemara,  on  the  western  coast  of  Ireland. 
Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  sometimes  10  ft.  Cultivated  in  1596.  Flowers  red, 
with  dark  anthers  ;  March  to  May. 

The  hardiest  of  arboreous  heaths  in  British  gardens ;  though  plants  at 
Syon,  which  had  stood  upwards  of  half  a  century,  and  were  above  10  ft. 
high,  were  killed  to  the  ground  by  the  winter  of  1837-8. 

Genus  III. 


□□ 


CALLIPNA  Sal.    The  Calluna.    Lin,  Sytt  Oct&ndria  Monog;^ia. 

IdeiU^leaiion.    Salifbury  In  Lin.  Soc.  Tnof ^  6.  p.  817. ;  Don*i  MUl.,  t.  p.  898. 

Sumoiffme.    frtca  fp.  LtH.  amd  oikert. 

Derivation,  The  name  of  CallOna  U  derlTed  from  kaUumOt  whldi,  u  Sir  J.  E.  Smith  obMrret,  '*  !• 
doubly  luitable ;  wheUier,  with  Mr.  Salisbury  and  Dr.  Hall,  we  take  it  to  expreu  a  cleaniiite 
property,  brooms  being  made  of  ling ;  or  whether  we  adopt  the  more  common  sense  of  the  wonj^ 
to  ornament  or  adorn,  which  is  Tory  applicable  to  the  Aowen.**  {Eng,  ^ora,  VL  p.  2M.) 

Oen,  Char,  Calyx  4>parted,  membranous,  coloured,  furnished  with  4  bracteas 
at  the  base.  Corolla  campanulate,  4-lobed,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Stamens 
enclosed.  Filaments  dilated.  Anikers  bipartite,  biappendiculate  at  the  base ; 
cells  of  anthers  mucronulate,  dehiscing  lengthwise.  Stigma  capitate.  Capsule 
with  a  septicidal  dehiscence.     Seeds  ovoid,  smooth.  (l}on*s  MiU,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  acerose,  trigoiml,  obtuse, 
very  short,  imbricating  in  4  rows,  having  the  margins  revolute,  and  the 
base  sagittate.  Flowers  disposed  in  long,  terminal,  spicate  racemes. — Under- 
shrub,  small,  spreading ;  native  of  Europe  on  poor  soils. 

««  1.  C.  vuLGA^Ris  Sid.    The  common  Ling,  or  Heather, 

Uemt^fleaHan.    Salisbu  Un.  Trans.,  6.  p.  817. ;  Eng.  Flora,  3.  p.  S94. :  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  898. 
Ji^Monymet.    Srlea  mlgiris  Un,  8p,  p.  fiOl. ;  la  BnwAre,  Fr. ;  Helde,  Ger,  \  Lyng,  x)aii. )  Liang, 

Suted, ;  BrentoU,  Ceochla,  or  Scopa.  ItaL ;  Breso,  sp€tn,  \  Une,  Port  %  Weresk,  Jlwst. 
EngravimgM.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1018. ;  ana  oar  jIg,  1085. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  3-comered  in  a  transverse  section  of 
them,  arrow-«haped  at  the  base,  obtuse  at  the  point,  revolute  in 
the  lateral  margms,  imbricate  in  4  rows.  Flowers  disposed  in 
long,  terminal,  spicate  racemes.  (JDoris  Mill.)  A  small,  roread- 
in^f  evergreen  snrub.  Europe,  plentiful  in  Britain.  Height 
6  in.  to  3  ft.    Flowers  purplish ;  July  to  September. 

Varieties, 

%,  C.v.  I  purpurea, — Flowers  purplish  red.  ,  ^      ^^ 

ju  C.  V.  2  ipjinff.— Branches  tufted.    Racemes  short.    Flow-  ii)i^a«^ilkiik 

ers  purplish  red. 
t.  C,v,  3  decianbens, — Branches  decumbent.    Kacemes  short.    Flowers 

purplish  red. 
&N  C.  V,  ^tomentosa,  —  Leaves  and  branches  woolly.    Flowers  purplish 

red. 
*^  C,v.  5  &lha, — Flowers  white,  less  crowded.     Corolla  shorter. 
**  C,  V,  ^Jloreplhu}. — Flowers  double,  pale  purplish  red. 
*^  C,  V,  1  film  vari^dtis, — Leaves  variegated.    Flowers  purplish. 
f^  C,v,  S  aUrea. — £eaves  variegated  with  yellow. 
9^  €.  V,  9  cocdnea,-^  Flowers  deep  red. 
t.  C,  V,  10  spicdta, — Racemes  long.    Flowers  red  or  white. 
t%  C,v,  11  and  12.— Two  varieties  are  mentioned  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker, 

as  being  in  cnltivation  in  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden,  where  they 

have  retained  their  differences  for  years.    They  have  both  pubes- 


560  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

cent  branchlets  :  but  the  one  has  deep  red  flowers,  and  was  received 
from  Aberdeenshire ;  and  the  other,  which  was  received  fbom  Arran, 
has  white  flowers,  that  appear  later  than  those  of  the  other  varieties. 
The  first  may  be  called  (f.v,  II  dtro-ruberu,  and  the  second  C,v,  12 
serdtma. 

Very  ornamental,  either  as  detached  bushes,  or  as  edgings  to  beds  and 
borders,  in  sandy  or    eaty  soil. 

$  ii.   Andromidesd. 

All  the  species  are  propagated  by  layers,  and  some  of  them  also  by  divi- 
sion, thougn  most  of  them  might,  doubtless,  be  rooted  in  sand  from  the  points 
of  the  growing  shoots,  as  in  the  preceding  section ;  but  layers  soonest  make 
saleable  plants.  They  all  require  a  soil  more  or  less  peaty,  and  a  situation 
cool,  open,  and  moist,  rather  than  dry  and  airy.  Most  of  the  genera  are  of 
comparatively  short  duration,  though  some  species  of  Andr6meda  and  A^r^ 
butuB  attain  an  almost  tree-like  size,  and  endure  many  years. 

Genus  IV. 


□ 


ANDRCyMEDil  L.    The  Andromeda.    lAn.  Sytt,  Dec&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Idml^fkaiiom.   D.  Don  in  Bdinb.  New  PhiL  Jooni..  17.  p.  167. :  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  898. 

Sunontfme.    PoUfMia  Burbaum  Cent.  S.  p.  fi.  t.  6&  L  1. ;  Andromeda  ip.  Z.. 

Derivation.    Andromeda  wac  the  name  of  the  daughter  ^  Cephalut,  king  of  Ethiopia.    How  a 

Slant  came  to  Jb»  named  bj  Linnnui  after  thif  personage^  wUI  be  ftmnd  given  at  length  In  our 
irit  edition. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  5-cleft.  Segmenti  acute,  simple  at  the  base.  Corolla 
globose,  with  a  contracted  d-toothed  mouth.  Stament  10,  enclosed ;  fila- 
ments bearded ;  cells  of  anthers  short,  fiimished  with  1  awn  each.  Stigina 
truncate.  Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.  P/eicm/a5-lobed;  lobes 
simple.    Seeds  elliptic.  {DoiCs  MUL) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipumte,  everareen;  linear  lanceolate,  mu- 
cronulate.  Flowers  terminal,  umbellate,  reddish  or  snow  white. — Under- 
shrubs,  evergreen,  spreading;  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America. 

tt.  1.  A.  POLiPo^iA  L,    The  Poly-leaved  Andromeda,  or  Moorwort, 

Jdentiftcation.    Lin.  Sa.  064. ;  Don't  MllL,  8.  p.  899. 

S^nonifmet,    JZhododindron  jmlifUlum  Scop.  Cam.  No.  489. ;  wild  Rotemary,  Poly  Mountain, 

Marth  Cittut,  Moorwort,  Marth  Holy  Rote ;  AndromMe,  Fr.  and  Ger. 
Bngraoingt.    Lin.  Fl.  Lapp.,  t.  1.  f.  8. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  718^ ;  and  omjlg.  10I6L 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  glaucous  beneath. 
Corollas  ovate,  flesh-coloured  or  pale  red.  Seg- 
ments of  calyx  ovate^  spreading,  white,  sometimes 
tipped  with  ^.  (DotCs  iaiL)  A  dimmutive  ever- 
green shrub.  Northern  countries  of  Europe,  on 
turfy  bogs ;  and  also  in  Britain ;  North  America, 
fix)m  Canada  to  Pennsylvania.  Height  6  in.  to 
1  ft.  Flowers  white,  tipped  with  red;  May  to  Sep- 
tember.   Capsule  brown. 

Varieties. 

^  A.  p,  I  atigusty^Sa  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1591.,         low.  A-founiia- 

and  our  JSg.  1037.,  has  narrow  leaves. 
n.A.p.2  ericotdes  has  the  habit  of  a  heath. 
n.  A.p.  3  arandiflora  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  1714.,  and  our  JSg.  1038.,  has 

large  flowers. 


XLIII.  SniCA^CEJE  :   CASSIOTE. 


561 


A.  p.  4  latifdBa  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  546.,  and  our^.  1039.,  has  brood 

leaves,  and  is  a  larger  plant. 
A,  p.  5  mimma  has  small  flowers* 


UB7.  ▲.  p.  aiiimi&IU.      1038.  A.p.||naBUUn.       lOW.  A. p.  tadf6Ua.  104a  A.f.nffaMta. 

OL  i4.  p.  6  revoUUa  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  725.,  and  our  fig,  1040.,  has  the 

flowers  bent  back. 
flL  A,  p.  7  tc6iica  is  common  in  Scotland. 
II.  ^.  p.  8  Mtricta  has  the  branches  erect. 

Cultivated  In  gardens  in  moist  peaty  soil ;  and  it  is  onlv  m  such  a  soil,  and 
in  an  open  airy  situation,  that  it  can  be  preserved  for  any  length  of  time. 

n.  8.  A.  itosMABiNiFO^A  PuTih,    The  Rosemary-leaved  Andromeda, 

/ddtitJUeoMbn.    Purdi  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  1.  p.  91.  |  Don'i  Ifill.,  Z.  p.  890. 
Smttmmme,    yl^soUfMU  Mida.  Fi.  Bor.  Amer.  9.  pi  SM. 
EngraotngM,    FalL  Fl.  Ron.,  2.  p.  53.  t.  70.  f.  B. «  and  ourAf.  1041. 

Spec,  Char,^  ^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  convex,  re- 
volute,  white  beneath,  and  cancscent  above.  Corollas 
nearly  globose.  Calycine  sesments  oblong  red.  Flow- 
era  white,  tinged  with  red.  {I><m*s  MUL)  A  diminu- 
tive everereen  shrub.  Newfoundland  and  Labrador. 
Height  6  m.  to  1ft.  Introduced  ?  1790.  Flowers  white, 
ting^  with  red ;  June. 

Andromeda,  Dnmmdndii  Hook,^  Gard,  Mag,  1840 
p.  4.,  is  a  slender-crowing  plant,  with  the  youn^  leaves 
and  shoots  coverea  with  a  scurf,  like  that  which  is  found 
on  the  JSIse&gnus.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Genus  V. 


LJLj 


bout  that 


CASSI'OP^  p.  Don.    The  Cassiopb.    jUn.  Sytt.  Doc&ndria  Monog^nia. 

IdnU^kaHom.    D.  Don  in  Bdinb.  N«w  FbflL  Joura.,  17.  p.  1S7. }  Doa'«  Ifill.,  S.  p.  8S9. 
^nmtgme,    AndrAmeda  ip.  LAi.t  PoU, 

Derivat&m.    From  Caulopet  wife  of  Cepbeiu.  and  mother  of  Andromeda,  whoae  foolish 
her  beanty  was  inperior  to  that  of  the  Mereidef ,  proroked  the  wrath  of  Neptdn& 

Gen,  Char,  Calyx  5-leaved ;  leaves  imbricated  at  the  base.  Corolla  campanu* 
late,  5-cleft.  Stamens  10,  enclosed ;  filaments  glabrous  ;  cells  of  anthers 
short,  tumid,  furnished  with  one  awn  each.  Style  dilated  at  the  base. 
Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence ;  valves  bifid  at  the 
apex.  Placenta  5-lobed  ;  lobes  simple.  Seeds  oblong,  compressed,  shining. 
(Dim*  s  Mm,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evei^een ;  very  small,  acerosc, 
imbricated.  Fhwers  solitary,  pedunculate,  rose-coloured,  lateral  or  ter- 
minal.— $hnibs,  small,  heath-like  j  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America. 

4^  I.  C.  HTPMoiDES  D,  Don.    The  Hypmim-like  Cassiope. 

JdmidlctttioH,    D.  Don  in  fid.  Phil.  Joum.,  17.  p.  187. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  &  pi  82a. 

SVntfiytw.    Andr6ineda  Aypnfildes  LAi,  Sa.  5SS. 

Smgravimts.    Pall.  Fl.  Rom.,  t.  7S.  C  9. ;  Bot.  Blag.,  t.  S8S6. ;  and  cm  Jig,  104S. 

Spec,  Char,,  4^.     A  small  creeping  shrub,  resembling  a  kind  of  moss.    Leaves 

o  o 


562  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUH. 

loose,  flat,  and  needle-like.     Flowers  small,  with  a  red  calyx 
and  white  coroHa.  (iTon'i  3£tf.)   A  diminutive  creeping  ever-  i 
green  shrub.    Lapland,  Denmark,  and  Siberia,  on  tAe  m 
tains,  where  it  corera  whole  tract*  of  land  ;   and  on 
north-west  coast  of  North  America.      Height  6  in.     Intro. 
I79B.      Flowers   white,   tinged   with  rod;  June  and   July. 
Rare  in  British  gardois. 

a.  2.  C.JB.rKAO0'nA  D.Don.  llie^omered-^ncAfdCassiope. 

JdnilfllaiA'«.    D.DoDinEd.  NbwPUI,  ;<nT.,irp.|gT.  i  T 
5niM|«v.    Aiulrdnifldd  tetn^lkim  £At.  Ai.  ML 
Smavam.      FnU.    Fl.    BiMl.,    t.  n.   r  1  |    Bol.   Uig., 

^c.  Qhar.,  S/e.  Leaf  obtuse,  minutely  ciliated,  its 
margin  revolute,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render 
the  leaf  tuioid,  and  somewhat  S-celled.  Leaves 
adpressedly  imbricate  in  4  rows,  and  into  a  4- 
cornered  column,  of  which  the  stem  or  branch  is 
the  axis  and  support.  (Don't  MiiW)  A  diminutive 
creeping  evergreen  shrub-  Lapland,  Siberia,  North 
America,  from  Canada  to  the  north-west  coast. 
Hci^tein.  Introduced  in  1810.  Flowers  white, 
IIH3.  CMniHu.  tinged  with  red  ;  March  and  April.  Lodd. 

n.  3.  C.  lvcopodioi'dbs  D.  Bon,     The  Club-Moss-like  Cossiope. 

laaulfiailrm.  D,  Don  Is  Bd.  FUl.  Jwun,  IT.  p.  IET-) 
n™'-  Ml".,  8.  n  M9, 

Ai>Ar«niBdii  iTcopmlitMei  PiU.  Fl.  HoH.  ^  U. 
Fill.  Bud.,  I.  c,  t.JI.  Sg.  L  i  maiaaifit.  lOU. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  adpressed,  im- 
bricated in  4  TOWS.  {Don't  Mill,)  A  diminu' 
tive,  evergreen,  moas-like,  creeping  shrub. 
Siberia,  and  the  Island  of  St  Lawrence 
Hdght  6  in.  Introdaced  ?.  Flowers  red ; 
June  and  July. 

B.  4.  C.  ebicoIdes  D.  Dtm.    The  Heath4ike  Cossiope. 

UnMfeoilM.    D.  Don  to  Bdlnb.  New  Phil.  lonra.,  IT.  p.  ItT. ;  Doa'i  MUL.  S. 

^wf,  Gtar.,  4'c.  Leaves  awned,  setosely  ciliated.  Peduncles 
glabrous.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  diminutive  creejiing,  eve^een 
shrub.  Dahuria  and  Kamtschatka.  Hei^t  6  in.  Intro- 
duced ?.    Fbwers  not  seen. 

C.  faitigidla  D.  Don,  a  native  of  Nepal,  and  C.  RediaOi 
G.  Don,  B  native  of  the  Baat  of  Siberia,  arc  described  in  our 
first  edition,  but  they  have  not  yet  been  introduced. 


Gen.  0iar,     Calt/x  Meaved,  bibracteutc  a 


IM.  ^H.  Decindria 


the  base ;  leaflets  imbricated  at 


XLIII.    £RICA^CEi£:   ZENO^I^. 


563 


^M^. 


the  base.    Corolla  oblong,  with  a  contmcted  5-tootbed  mouth.    Stament  \0, 
enclosed ;  filaments  gbbrous,  simple  at  the  base;  cells  of  anthers  elon- 

Sated,  and  tubular  at  the  apex,  mutic.    SUgma  annular,  with  a  5-tubercled 
i^.    Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.      Placenta  5-lobed;   lobes 
simple.  (Don's  MUL) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  acerose,  on  short  pe- 
tioles. Flowers  axillary,  on  short  pedicels,  drooping,  snow  white,  disposed 
in  the  manner  of  racemes  at  the  tips  of  the  branches. —^XJndershrubSy 
eveigreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

tt.  1.  C.  CALYGULA^TA  D.  Don,    The  calyculated  Cassandra. 

JifenljIleaMm.    D.  Dan  in  Edinb.  N«w  PbU.  Jonrn.,  17.  p.  117.  {  Don*i  MUL.  3.  p.  830. 

AfMMiym^.    Andr6meda  caljrcoUtta  LAi.  Sp,  065. 

Attgravhiga.    PaU.  Fl.  Kou.,  S.  t.  71.  £  1. ;  BoC.  Cab.,  1. 1464. ;  and  omjig.  1046. 

Spec,  Char,,  j-c.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  bluntish,  ob- 
soletely  serrulated,  rusty  beneath.  Racemes  recurved, 
leafy.  Bracteas  of  the  calvx  (these  constitute  the 
calyculus,  or  secondary  and  outer  calyx,  implied  by 
the  term  calycul^ta)  broad,  ovate,  acuminate.  Co- 
rollas oblong-cylindrical.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  low 
evergreen  shrub.  North  America, 
from  Canada  to  Virginia,  and  also 
in  the  North  of  Europe  and  Si- 
beria. Hddit  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introd. 
in  1748.  r lowers  white;  April 
and  May. 

Varieties. 

flL  C.  c.  1  ventricdsa  Sims  Bot. 
Mag.,  1. 1886.— Corolla  in- 
flated. 

tL  C,c.2  lat^&Ha  Lodd.Bot.  Cab.  t.  530.,  and  our  ^.  1047.— Leaf  broad. 
tL  C.  c.  3  ndna  Sims  Bot.  Mag.  t.  862.,  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  826.— Dwarf. 

jft  2.  C.  (c.)  ANGUSTiFo^LiA  O,  Don.    The  narrow- 
leaved  Cassandra. 

IdenlificaUim.    Dod*i  Mill.,  3.  p.  880. 

Stfnomuniet.    Andromeda  calycuIlLta  B  anguttUbUa  AU.  Hart  Kgw.  9 . 

p.  70.  \  A.  anguitlfbUa  Pwrtk  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  I.  p.  391. ;  A.  eriapa 

i)ctfm  ft  Link. 
Bngrining,    OotJIg.  104& 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  linear-laneeolate,  acute,  the 
edges  somewhat  waved  and  revolute,  the  under 
sunace  rusty.  Racemes  recurved,  leafy.  Bracteas 
of  calyx  minute.  CoroUas  oblong-ovate.  (Dotfs 
MUL)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina  and 
Oeorda,  in  open  swamps.  Height  2  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1748.    Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May. 

Genus  VII. 


1047.  CclttlftUa. 


104G.  C.csbenlkca. 


1048.    C.(e.) 


□ 


ZENO'BIil  D.  Don.    The  Zenobia.    Lm,  Stfst,  Dec&ndria  Monogynia. 

Ideniifieatiom.    D.  Don  in  BiUiib.  New  PhU.  Joorn.,  July,  1834 ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  830. 


Stmom^nm,    AndHhned*  sp,  ^ 

JDerivaHim.    From  ZemMa,  a  queen  of  Palmyra,  dUttngniahed  for  her  vlrtne  and  leammg. 

Gen,  Char,     Calyx  5-lobed.     Corolla  campanulate  ;   limb  revolute,  5-lobed. 
Stamens   10;    filamente  glabrous,  dilated  at    the  base;    cells  of  anthers 

o  o  2 


564  ABBOBETUSt   ET    FBDTICETUM   BEITANWICDM. 

eloiuaUd,  tubular,  biaruUte  at  the  ^lex.  Stigma  truDcate.  Capmk 
with  B  loculicidal  dehbccnct  Flacenla  5-lobed;  lobeR  cimoited,  thick,  a 
little  arched.     Seeds  angular.  {DotCt  MUl.) 

Leauei  umple,  alternate,  eisdpulate,  deciduous ;  scutered,  dilated,  with 
the  mBTBinB  uiually  toothed.  Fhuiert  racemose.  PedieeU  soihajjr  or 
aggregate. — Undenuinibs,  deciduous;  natiTca  of  North  America. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  oval,  obtuse,  mucronate,  crenate,  o 
Flowcn  white,  drooping,  disposed  iu  racemes. 
Branches  in  the  flower-bearing  part  naked  of  leaTes. 
(Don't  Mill.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North 
j^lina,  in  swamps.  Height  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  lotroduced 
m  1800.    Flowers  large,  white;  June. 


Varietiet. 

.-  •  Z.  I.  8  ntitda.  A,  s.  nftida  PurA  Ft  Anur.  Sepl.  i,  p.  8M. ;  A. 
aatmefitit  Fent.  Malm,  79.;  and  our  *g.  1050.  — Lesvet  oblong- 
ovate,  aenBte,  green  on  both  surfaces.     Flowers  whhe. 

-■  •  Z.  f.  3  pulver^enla.  A,  specidsa  pul*erul£nta  PurA  I.  c. ;  A.  pul- 
venil^nta  Bartrara  Ilm.  476.  ;  A.  ouitnfQlia  J9  Venl.  Hort.  CeU.  60.; 
A.  specidBa  var.  ■/  glauca  WaU.  Dend.  Brit.  t.  86.  ;  A.  dedbita 
IaiM.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1010. ;  A.  ovita  Soiand  MS.  in  Herb.  Bania. ; 
and  our.Ais-  KlSl-  —  Leaves  roundish-ovate,  distantly  croiate,  co- 
vered with  white  powder,  as  are  the  branches.     Flowers  white. 

Genus  VIII. 


rJQQB 


LYO'N7i1  Nutt.    The  Lvonia.    Un.  Si/il.  Decindria  JtfonogfiiiB. 

UemifiaOioiL    Nun.Ga.  Amn^l.  p.MS. ;  Ed.  PhO.  Journ..  IT.p.  I9S.)  Doa'llOU.,*.  ^SK. 

S]ptoii/me.    AiKtrAmnld  ftp.  Ltn.  and  tariomi  mmtJion- 

Drrimatm.    In  eommeinoniikiTi  a(  Jolm  Lfom,  mn  i-i-MipM-  collHtor  of  North  ABntan  plnN, 

Ocn.  Char.  Calyx  5-parted.  CoroUa  ovate  or  tubular,  with  a  5-toothed  con- 
tracted mouth.  Slament  enclosed  ;  filaments  flattened,  dilated,  very  short, 
downy  i  cdls  of  anthers  membranous,  dehisdng  lengthwise,  altogether 
mutic.  Sb/U  robust,  pentagonal,  funfonn,  thickened  at  bottom.  Stwrna 
simple^  truncate.     Capmie  pentagonal,  &-celled,  with  a  loculiddal  dHii»- 


ZLui.  ekicaceje: 


'.O'SIA. 


565 


cence;  mai^s  of  valves  closed  by  5  other  external  Derre  vBlves.     Seedt 
BCJcular,  imbricated.  (Don't  Mill.) 

Leavet  gimple,  alternate,  exitipulate,  evergreen  or  dedduoui;  usually 
membraDOua  and  downy.  Ftoaert  for  the  moat  part  terminal,  disposed  in 
TBGemiHe  panicles, — ShrubB,  uadves  of  North  America. 

A.  Leave*  evergreen. 
m  I.  L.  fbrkuoi'nea  NiiU,    The  rusty-looking  Lyonia. 

litmtlfcaUim.    Noll.  G«i.Ai»r,ii.xa.!  Dan'i  Mil., ».  n.  SK>. 

Snmwt.  ^di-tneda  fmuglciH  Walt.  ft.  IS8.  i    A.  Itwtiglim  fi  (nitk6u 

ISagrataigi.    Vail.  tl*lm.,LSO. ;  ndoDijIf.  lOM. 

^>ec.  Ckar.,  $e.  Shrubby,  evergreen.  Leaves  on  long  pe- 
tioles, coriaceous,  obovate,  usually  obtuse,  qmte  entire,  with 
hardly  revolute  ed^,  and  covered  with  broivn,  umtHlicate,  . 
bran-Uke  scales,  as  u  every  other  part  of  the  plant.  Flowers 
axillar?,  3  or  5  together,  upon  pedicels.  Corolla  small,  ^ 
ovate,  globose,  white  inside,  rusty-looking  outside.  (Dim't 
JUm.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  Oeoraia,  Florida,  and  Meiico, 
in  pine  woods.  Hei^t  3  ft,  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  1784. 
Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 


«  f  2.  L.  1 


t  Nutf.     The  ngii-^eaoed  LyonJa. 


ttentipcaaom.  hur.  uvn.  Amv.,  i.tt.YES, ;  Don't 
Sw.  Amtr.  1. p.  sua.  i  A^rt^Tpunl Ft^<^?. 
Ktifroofif    BoC.  Cib.,  [.tu.  indouA.  ion 


lyic.  Char.,  ^,  Leaves  crowded,  coriaceous,  rigid  i  their  petioles  short ; 
their  disks  euneat^-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  convex,  with  revolute  edge^ 
and  clothed  with  brown,  umbilicate,  bran-like  scales,  as  is 
every  other  part  of  the  planL  Flowers  produced,  in  Britain, 
in  April  and  May ;  azillarv,  several  together.  Corolla  globose! 
white  inside.  Closely  akin  to  L.  ferrug{nea  ;  but  Sie  two 
are  distingmshable  1^  thrir  different  habits,  especially  by 
their  times  of  flowering.  {Don'i  Mil.)  An  arborescent 
evemeen  Arab  or  low  tree.  Carohna  and  Florida,  in  barren 
sandy  woods.  He«ht  15  ft.  to  80  ft.;  in  British  gardeoH 
3ft.  to  5ft.  Introduced  in  1744.  Flowew  white;  April 
and  May.     Capsule  brown.  v 

Nearly  allied  to  the  preceding  species,  but  of  a  different  habit, 

and  flowering  at  a  different  season, 

a  3,  L,  HABGiNA^A  i).  Don.     He  mar^nated-JeoiKd  Lyonia. 
Untilkalim.     D.  Doq  Id  BdlDb,  Nn  PfalL  Juurn 

IN.;  DoD'iiiiu..s.p.eao. 

Sfmimma.  AhMdm^  mugiDliU  Da  Bon  At 
cotUo*  wau.  ^  s.  p.  ais..  Aa.  Hen.  Kbb.  t  v 
l^iitLam.  Bm^  I.  p.  in. ;  A.  muiliu  Jao, 

^jec.  Cinr.,  ^.  Branch- 
lets  indistinctly  3- 
sided-  Leaves  coria- 
ceous, oval,  acuminate, 
quite  entir^  glabrous, 
and  very  finelv  punc- 
tured ;  with  the  mid- 
rib running  through 
the  deflesed  margin 
Flowers    upoD   pedi 


560  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANHICUM. 

cdB,  MuIUry,  afgfegUe.  Calyx  of  a  dark  red  colour,  its  a^ments  lou^  linear. 
Corolla  cylindricHl,  pale  red,  (Don't  lUiU.)  A  biiibU  eTcrgreen  glabrotu 
shrub.     CBTolina  and  Florida,  m  sandy  forests.     Height   2  h.     Introduced 

ID  1T65.     Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 

«.£.)».  2  rubra  Lodd.  Bot  Cab.  t.  672.,  and  our  J!g.  1055. — Flowers 
deep  red. 

B.  Leava  deadaoia. 
^  4.  L.  MjUIa'na  B.  Dm.     The  Maryhnd  Lyonia, 

k    D,  Don  In  Ed.  Phn.  JoDiD,  IT.  p.  1GB. ;  Dm'i  MU!.,  S.  p.  K31. 
AulitaieiUi  luritiu  LA).  Sr.iei. 
^mgr-wnt..    Bol.»I.«.,t.l*79.-,UlddurA.  lost 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  deciduous,  oval,  acuUsh  at  both  ends,  entire^ 
glabrous,  retber  coriaceous,  paler  beneath.  Rawer-bearing  brenche* 
almost  leafless.  Flowers  on 
pedicels,  aggregate,  lar^,  white, 
sometimes  tinged  with  red. 
Calyx  leafy.  Corolla  ovat^ 
cylindrical.  Capsule  coaoid. 
(Don't  Miil.)  A  dedduous  low 
ahmb.  New  England  to  Florida, 
in  woods  and  dry  swamps,  espe- 
cially in  sandy  soil.  Height 
S  ft.  or  upwards.  Introdurad 
in  1736.  Flowers  lar^,  white, 
■r  sometimeB     tinged    with    red  ; 

■DM.  L.iiiBtkn.         May  to  August, 

A  £.  m.  2  oblSnga  Swt. ,  aud  our  fig.  1057.,  has  obbng  leaves. 
A  5.  L.  KACEUo'sA  D.  Don.    The  racemose^ uiennf  Ljouia. 

UtKilfitaikm.     D.  Dun  In  Sdlnb.  Hn  PhU.  Joun..  VI. 

Don'iMUl.S  n.B9l. 
&IPOIWIKI.    AndrDmiils  nnmbu  LM.  ^  Set.,  UBtHi 
S.  L.  IL  ;     A  pulcuUU  tVall.  Car.  ISS.,  Ortmom.  Win.  i 
SmgratH^i.    LWilt.  Sdrp.,  It.  I3.i  udHirjV'lOU. 
^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  deciduous,  o 

acute,  serrulate,  membranous,  glabrous.     Flowers 
white.    Spikes  tenmaal,  secund,  elongated,  simple, 
or  branched.     Bracteas  linear,  acute,  two  at  the 
base  of  a  calyx,  which  is  acute.      Corolla  cylin- 
drical.  {Don't  MUL)     A   decdduoua  shrub,     Ga- 
nada  to  Carolina,  in  bogs  and  swamps.     Hri^t 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.    Introduced  tn  1736,     Flowen  white, 
sweet-scented;  June  and  July 
A  very   desirable  spe- 
cies. According  to  Pursh 
mil.  L-nouM.  it  is  reckoned  one  of  the 

finest  shrubs  in  America,  from   the  graceful  a|>- 
pcarance  of  its  flowers,  and  thdr  fine  odour. 

It  6.  L.  arbo'kra  D.Don,     The  Tree  Lyonia. 
D.  DoD  In  BdlDb.  Nn  PhO.  Journ,  IT.  p.  lU., 


Dan'iMm-3,p.  SSI. 
fytiaiffmi.    Aihtrdmodi]  «r1>dnt  Lim-  Sp.  566, 
Sttgriniitti.    Dal. Mig.  1.906-1  indenrjlc.  10 

S^>ee.   Char.,  ^c,    Branchi 
ciduous,  oblong, 


ZLiii.  .ssicaceje:  hYo-^ijt,  567 

aaaata  teeth,  sUbroui,  bckL  Flowen  in  terminal  panicle*  of  many 
racemes.  CwoTlas  wfaite,  OToid-cylindrical,  downy.  (Don'i  Mill.)  A 
deciduoua  tree.  Pennsylvania  to  Florida,  in  the  TalleyB  of  the  All^hany 
Mouatains.  Hdght  b  AmeiicsMft.  to  60 ft,;  in  England  10ft.  to  20ft 
Introduced  in  175S,  Flowers  white ;  June  and  July. 
The  leavea  hare  a  verr  pleasant  acid  taste,  from  which  the  species  has  beiD 

called  the  sorret-tree.    In  Aoierica  they  are  (requently  made  use  of  by  bunteis 

in  the  mouDtains  to  alleviate  thint. 

*  7-  L>  PANicuLA^a  Xult.    The  pamded^/tauvrnf  Lyonia. 

UtnlillaUim.    Nntt.  0«l  Am«.,l.j>.X6.i  Dod'i  Um.,S.  p.  HI. 

SumomgnK.    ADdrtiiitda  pulniUU  lUn.  Sp.  Ml. 

entrar^.    L-Utrtt.  Sclr|i.  Not,  1  u  la.  i  Dnd,  BrlL.  L  ».  i  and  ow 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Downy.  Leavei  deciduous,  obovate- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  to  both  ends,  aknoat  entire  the 
upper  surface  of  the  older  leHTca  nearly  glabrous. 
Flower4>earing  branches  terminal,  paniclecC  nearly 
naked  of  leaves.  Flowers  small,  in  pedunded  ra- 
cemes. CoroUaa  nearly  globose,  downy,  white.  (Don't 
MilL)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  all 
Hwamps  and  woods.  Hdght  3  El.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in 
1746.  Flowers  small,  white  j 
June  and  July. 

UA  WaU.    The  Willow>leaved 

Daid.Btll„t.SS. 

Dnd.  BilL,  t.  U.  i  (ad  oar  A.  I<l 


^      f^ 


Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  alternate,  loog-lanceokte, 
acuminate,  scarcely  serrulate,  shining,  strewed  with 
a  few  diort  gbnd.like  burs.  Bacemes  of  dowers 
compound,  altemateiy  sessile  on  tfae  terminal 
branches.  Flowers  white,  1-petaled,  globular,  con- 
tracted  at  the  mouth.  (iVatt.)  Adearable  species, 
Dearly  allied  to  L.  paniculita,  but  which  is  less 
remarkable  in  jxmit  of  floral  beauty,  than  for  its 
fine  shinine  fbhage.  Native  countn  r.  Hd^t  3  ft. 
to4ft.    Iloiren white ;  JuneaiM  July.  ion,  i.hSsuiu. 

d  9,  L.  (v.)  FRONDo'sA  Nu/L    The  branchy  Lyoma. 

/dfltftbanlni.  MiUt.O«i.AB»r.,l.p.KT.i  Don't  llUl.,3.p.UI. 
^moifmi.  ADdctmoda  frondlw  Pm*  FL  Amer.  Stft.  i.  p.  1911. 
Si^rmimg.    OvJIg.  VXO.  boo  ■  ipaeiDUD  tn  Dt.  Uodlvr*!  tantnriiiiB. 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Densely  villose  with  whitish  hairs. 
Leaves  deciduous,  oblong  or  oblong  ovate,  blunt  or 
acutish,  often  rusty,  prominently  vdned;  the  latent 
margins  revolute,  entire,  and  rough.  Flowers  white,  in 
a  terminal  leafly  panicle.  Corollas  globose,  hispid  or 
downy.  (Don't  Mill.)  An  upright  deciduous  shrub. 
Virginia  and  Carolina.  Hdght  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
■061.  I.  ibI  fimiihi  1608.     Flowers  white ;  May  and  June. 

M  10-  L.  (p.)  ifui.Tin.o'RA  Walt.    The  many-flowered  Lyonia. 

Mau&laulim.    WalL  Dnd.  Brit.,  L  in.  i  Doo'i  Hill.,  1  p.  SSI. 
OvtibAvj.    Dnid.Brlt.,t.  lis.  undDurAinra. 


^xc.  OiOT.,  ^.    Leaves  deciduous,  narrow,  lanceolate,  serrate,  sprinkled  with 
hair-l^  atoms.    Flowers  numerous,  smalt,  wtiite,  disposed  in  terminal  pa- 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH   SRITANNtCUU. 

niclet,  that  ore  composed 

racemes.  (Doift  MSL)     An  vpria 

■hrub.    Noirth  America.    Height  8  ft.    Introduced 

in  I61S.    Flowen  white ;  i\3y. 

A  II.  L.  (p.)cAPRS£Fo'Lij>  tVaU.   The  Ooat- 
Wi\\owAea.Ted  LjrotiiB. 
Idt^aHkaUom.    Wall.  Dtod. 


^ 


J^vc.Ch>r.,4c.  Leave 
lues.  L.  (p.)  mMaiin.  dedduoui,    coriace- 

ous, elliptic,  with  a 
short  acnmlDate  termiiiadoii,  serrulate,  and 
sprinkled  with  ahort  fleshy  h^n.  Flowers  dis- 
posed in  racemes  and  corymbs  that  are  mixed, 
lateral,  and  lea^.  Corollas  rather  silkj,  globu- 
lar, coarctate.  (pon'i  Mill.')  An  erect  deddu- 
on*  shrub.  North  America.  Height  S  ft.  to 
3  ft.  Introduced  in  ISIE.  Flowers  white;  Jul j. 

Genus  IX. 


□  □ 


LEUCOTHOE  D.  Don.    Tdr  LbucothSb.    Zm.  ^.  Deeindria 

id  lOjttif'h.. 


iDoDlHU^fcitSI 

■d  br  ApoQo  i  wbo  nt  tmrtad  lUre  bT  bar 
ilo  thetm  UlUlK—  ■■--• — "-■ -- 


Cidax  5-leaTed  ;  leaves  imbricated  at  the  b«se.  Corolla  tubular, 
5-toothed.  SUnnem  enclosed ;  filaments  dilated,  flattened,  down; ;  cells  of 
anthers  short,  truncate,  mutic.  Stigma  dmple^  capitate.  Capivle  with  • 
loculicidal  dehiscence.  (-Oon'<  ACU.) 

Leaoet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,«Tcrgreen;  coriaceous,  dentate!;  spi- 
nuloses Fiawen  white,  racemose,  axiUary.or  terminal. — Shrubs,  ereigreen, 
low ;  natives  of  North  America. 

B.  I-  L,  tziLLA^Ris  D.  Don.     The  axillaiy-raivm«rf  Lencothoe. 

Un^SuMm.    D.  DddIb  BdlBb.  M*v  PfaU.  Joorn..  IT.  p.  las.  i  Dob'i  Ua.  9.  p.  SM. 
Sfmmtma.    AndrAmeda  uMUrU  SMmcr  fa)  Hgn.  Zng.  1.  p.  S9.|  A.  CMMto^  Wait  Cv.  &■. 

No.  ].,  no  U»  ulhorilT  at  Mx.  Gordon. 
Entratlmt.    Oar  Jig.  lOa. 

^c  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  obloiw  or  oval,  acumi- 
nate i  in  the  outward  part  of  its  length  carti- 
laginous in  the  mai^n,  and  semiuta  with 
mucronate  teeth  ;  upper  surface  glabrous,  under 
surface  covered  with  glandular  hiurs.  Young 
branches  clothed  with  powdery  down.  Flowers 
white,  in  short,  apicate,  sesule,  axillary  racemes, 
attended  by  scaly  bracteas.  Corolla  ovate  cylin- 
drical. Filaments  ciliated,  very  short,  Capsule  de- 
pressed, globose.  (Don'r  MiU.)  A  low  CTCivreen 
shrub.  Virginia  to  Georgia,  on  mouotainfl.  Height 
Sft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  \765.  Flowers 
whilcj  May  and  June.  id«s.  L-uiiun. 


XLIII.   ISRICa'CEJE:    LEtlCo'TBOf. 

raritty. 

a.  £,   a.  S  UmpJoHa.    Aiidr6me<la  Ions 
Bo*.  Mag.  t.  8357.;  A.  WUteri  1 
Tcry  long.  {Don't  MUi.) 
n.  8.  L.  spiNULo'sA  G.  jDox.     The  apiauiotB-lootAed'leaDed  Leucothiie. 
L,>.p.ni. 


B<il'  Mif.,  I.  ISM.  I  But.  Cab.,  t.  ino.  i  wd  oatjlt.  1068. 
^pff.  Char,,  j'c.  LcsTca  glabrous,  coriaceous,  ovate- 
oblong,  Toundeil  at  the  base,  gradudly  narrowed  to  the 
tip,  acuminate,  serrulate  with  teeth  that  are  spbuloae 
in  lome  degree.  Flowers  white,  disposed  unilatcrBlly 
and  rather  loosely,  in  subspicate,  axitlai^,  subeessile 
racemes,  and  attended  by  scaly  bracteas.  Corolla  short, 
ovate-cylindrical.  It  re«eniblea  L,  axillaris  D.  Don  in 
several  respects.  (Don't  -ifUL)  A  low  evergreen  shrub. 
Lower  Carolina.  Height  itt.  Introduced  in  1793. 
Flowers  white ;  May  and  Junft 

L  3.  L.  ACDtfiNi'TA  G.  Don.    The  acumiuate-^Mtwd  LeucothSe. 

a  tcai£iila'jU.  Hon.  Kcwif.  t.  f.10.  ;  A. 

'      ~).  :  A.tKii<ulnMlaLdw.XiK«j.  1. 

n.  Car.  117.  I   A.  lonaaJHimM 


-_-      --  I  J«q.  leen.  R«.,  L  tWiia* 

QUI  Jig.  lOffl- 

Sp*c,  Char,,  4'c.  Glabrous.  Stems  hollow.  Leavci  • 
OTate-lan«eolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  tip, 
endre  or  unequiuly  serrate,  sbtning,  nettedly 
v^ied,  coriaceous.  Flowov  white,  numerous,  ' 
upon  pedicels,  drooping;  disposed  in  racemes  that 
are  axillary,  very  short,  corymbose,  and  uearlv 
naked.  Corolla  cylindrically  orate.  {Don't  MilC) 
-     -'--  "-      Oeorgia  end  Florida, 


in  sandy  swamps.  Hdsht!  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introd.1765. 
Flowers  numeroui^wliite;  July  and  August.  toei.  i-wi-m. 

B,  4.  L.  FLOKiBU'ifDA  D.  Don.    The  uumcroua-flowered  Leucothoe. 

lit^MtaUen.    D.I>aDlflBdlab.MewFUI.  Jovrs.,  I7.P.1W.;  Dou'iHUl. 

Aninwvu.    Asdrtinsda BorlbADdilMii  Bir*.  SrU.  1.  p.  Vt. 
Sugratdif.    But.  B*t.,  t.  Wt. ;  Bot.  Ui«.,  L  111% ,  ua  our  .Itf.  IDBB. 
^twc.  Char.,   Ifc.      Glabrous.      Leaves  ovate  oblong,  acn 
finely  serrulate,  appressedly  ciliate,  coriaceous.    Flowi 
white,  numerous  ;  lUsposed  unilaterally  in  racemes  that  e 
axillary  and   terminal,  and  constitute 
paniclea.      Pedicels   with   8  bracteas, 
(iXn't   MULy     An    erect  eve»reen 
shrub.  Oeorgia,  OQ  mountains.  I&ght 
S  ft.  to   3  C      Introduced   b   1618. 
Flowers  white  ;  Hay  and  June. 
Extremely  difficult  to  propagate,  therefore  rare.     Fro- 
li6c  in  flowers,  when  covered  with  them  very  beautiful. 
Layers,  which  do  not  root  under  two  or  three  years. 


Otai.  Brit.,  I. 


570 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


j^ec.  Char,^  S^c.  Glabrous,  except  that  the  branchlets  are  beset  with  short 
white  hairs.  Leaves  eUipticaUanceoIate,  acute,  ovate,  or  taper  at  the  base, 
aerratecL  Flowers  white,  (Usposed  anilatcrally  in  long  lateral  and  terminal 
racemes.  (DofCs  Mill,)  An  erect  evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to  Florida. 
Height  2  ft.    Introduced  in  ?  1812.    Flowers  white ;  June. 

Genus  X« 


□ 


PFERIS  JD.  Dm,    The  Pibris.    Lm.  StfsL  Dec&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Identifieatitm.    D.  Don  In  Bdinb.  New  FhlL  Jonra.,  17.  p.  180. ;  Don*i  Mffl,  8.  |k  8S2. 
Stinomume,    Andr6ni«da  sp.  tValUek. 

Derivation.   Pieru.  a  general  appellation  of  the  Mows,  who  were  called  Pteridae,  from  their  birth, 
place,  Fierla,  in  TheMaly. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  deeply  5-parted.  Corolla  tubular  or  ovate,  with  a  con- 
tracted, 5-toothed,  revolute  border.  Stamens  enclosed ;  filaments  dilated, 
bisetose  at  top ;  cells  of  anthers  short,  incumbent,  dehiscing  lengthwise. 
Style  robust,  pentagonal.  Stigma  truncate.  Capsule  with  a  loculicidal  de- 
hiscence.   Seeds  scobiform.  (ZhnCs  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen  ;  coriaceous.  Flowers  droop- 
ing, terminal,  racemose. —  Shrub  or  low  tree,  evergreen,  native  of  Nepal. 

t  1.  P.  ovALiFoYiA  D,  Don.    The  oval-leaved  Pieris. 

IdmtifleaOom.    Ed.  Phil.  Joum.,  17.  pi  169. ;  Don*s  Hill.,  8.  p.  83S 
Sunomumet.    Andromeda  oralifMia  Asiat,  Bes,  18.  p.  801. ;  A.  capridda 

HamiUom  MSS. 
Engravingt.    Adat.  Rei.,  18.  p.  891.  {  and  our^.  1070. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c.  Leaves  oval,  acuminated,  2  m.  to  4  in. 
long,  I  in.  to  2  in.  broad,  rounded  at  the  base,  entire^ 
downy  when  young.  Flowers  upon  downy  pedicels, 
and  disposed  unilaterally  in  lateral,  leafy,  lengthened 
racemes,  many  in  a  raceme.  Bacemes  numerous. 
Segments  of  calyx  ovate  and  acute.  Corolla  oblong, 
downy,  pale  flesh-colour.  (DorCs  MilL)  An  evergreen 
low  tree.  Nepal,  at  Suembu  and  Sinnagur.  I&iffht 
20ft.  to  40ft.;  in  British  gardens  2ft.  to  3ft.  In- 
troduced in  1825.    Flowers  white ;  Blay. 


1070. 


Genus  XI. 


Ifcil 


PHYLLCKDOCJS  SaL    The  Phtllodoge.    Lin.  Syst.  Dec&ndria 

Monog^nia. 

Mat^fieation,    SaL  Par.,  t  86. ;  D.  Don  in  Ed.  Phil.  Jonm.,  July,  1884 ;  Don*i  UlU.,  3.  p.  839. 

Sunomifmes.    AndrAmeda  ip.  L, ;  Mensidsia  ip.  Sioart%t  Stiuth. 

Derivaiiom,   Phyttodoee,  the  name  of  one  of  the  nymphs  of  Gyrene^  daughter  of  the  rlrer  Peneiu. 

€ren.  Char.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  globose,  with  a  contracted  5-toothed 
mouth.  Stamens  10,  enclosed;  filaments  slender,  glabrous  ;  cells  of  anthers 
short,  truncate,  mutic.  Stigma  peltate,  5-tuberculate.  Capsule  5-celled, 
with  a  septicidal  dehiscence.    Seeds  compressed,  shining.  (Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear,  obtuse,  spreading. 
Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  or  many  together  in  a  kind  of  umbel. —  Shrubs, 
evergreen,  very  cUminutivc.  Natives  of  the  North  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
North  America. 


XLIII.   ^RICA^CEiE:    BRYA^NTHUS. 


571 


Identifleaiiim 


t.  1.  P.  TAxiFo^LiA  Sal.    The  Yew-leaved  Phyllodocc. 

Sal.  Fur.,  t  86. ;  Don't  Mill.,  8.  p.  888. 

Sffnomnn.      Mensidsui  cariltoa   Swx.   In  Un.  8oc.   Tramt.  10. 
p.  877. ;  AndrAmeda  ccnriilea  Lm.  Sp.  p.  668. ;  A.  texlRkUa  PaU, 
Tl.  Rou.  p.  M.  ;  frica  oerOlea  WUU.  Sp,  2.  p.  898. 
Engravingt.     E&g.  Bot.,  t.  94GB. ;   Bof.  Cab.,  1. 164. ;   and  oar 
Jig'  1071. 

Spec,  Char.,  Cfc.  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins. 
Peduncles  aggregate,  glanded.  S^ments  of  the 
calyx  acuminate.  Anthers  one  third  of  the  length 
of  the  filaments.  Corolla  blue  or  purple ;  red,  on 
the  authority  of  Pursh,  in  the  species  as  found  in 
North  Amenca.  {jyorit  Mill.)  A  low,  trailing,  ever- 
green, heath-like  shrub.  Europe,  North  America, 
and  Asia ;  in  Scotland  on  dry  neathy  moors,  rare. 
Height  6  in.    Flowers  led ;  June  and  July. 


1071.  P.«uJAIIiu 


ju  S'  P*  Jsmpbtrifo'rmis  D.  Don.    The  Empetrum-like 

Phyllodoce. 

Idint^catiom,    D.  Don  in  Ed.  Pha  Joorn..  JoIt,  1884  ;  Don'i  Uni.,  8.  p.  888. 
AfMMqrm^.    Menald*^  cmpetriflSnnii  Smitk  in  Lim,  Soe,  Tram§.  10.  p.  SBa 
Sngrturimgi,    Bot.  Mag.,  t  8176. ;  and  cm  fig,  1078. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins.  Pedun* 
des  aggregate,  sparingly  glanded.  Segments  of  the  calyx 
ovate,  obtuse.  CoroUa  rale  red.  Anthers  the  length  of 
the  filaments.  {Don*g  Mill.)  A  low,  trailing,  h«iUi-like 
evergreen  shrub.  North  America.  Height  6  in.  Introduced 
in  1810.    Flowers  pale  red ;  June  and  July. 

Genus  XIL 


□ 


BRYA^THUS  Chnel.    The  Brtanthus.    Lin.  SyH,  DedLndria  Mono- 

gfnia. 

Idmtifieatiom.    Gmel.  Sib.,  4.  p.  188.  t.  87.  £  8. :  Fhll.  Joorn.,  17.  p.  160. }  Don*f  Mill.,  8.  p.  838^ 
Sunamifmei.    Andrteaeda  ip.  Lri». ;  MenslMa  Swarts  and  Funh ;  Alca  ip.  Tkumb, 
Derivation,    From  brjfom,  a  ttoM,  and  antkoi,  a  flower. 

Gen,  Char.,  S^c,  Calyx  5>leaved,  imbricate.  Corolla  deeply  6-parted,  spread- 
ing. Stamens  10,  shorter  than  the  corolla;  filaments  flattened,  glabrous; 
cells  of  anthers  short,  mutic,  or  awned  behind,  dehiscing  by  a  terminal 
hole.  SHgma  obtuse.  Capsule  5-celled,  with  a  septicidal  dehiscence,  many- 
seeded.    Seeds  ovoid,  shining,  with  a  keeled  raphe.  (Don's  Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  small,  crowded,  spreading, 
flattish.  Flowers  terminal,  solitary,  or  somewhat  racemo8e.^-Shrubs,  small, 
trailing,  evergreen.  Natives  of  Asia  and  North  America ;  rare  in  British 
gardens. 

ju  1.  B.  Gmb*lin/  D.  Don.    Gmclin's  Bryanthus. 

Ideniifieoiiam,    D.  Don  In  Ed.  Fhll.  Joum.,  17.  p.  16a  \  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  888b 

aynam^wug.    Menslic^a  bryfinUia  Swartx  In  LAt.   Trans.  10.  p.  878. ;  Andr6meda  bryintha  Un. 

ManL  888. :  £rlca  bryintha  Thumb,  Dita.   No.  8. ;  Brytnthui  rip«oa  mrpylUfdtIa  llbre  rdseo 

GmeL  Sib.  4._p.  183.  t.  67.  f. 
Engratingi.    Pall.  Fl.  Kott.,  p.  67.  t.  74.  f.  1. ;  and  our>l^.  1073. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Branchlets  nruinose.  Leaves  with  denticulated  margins. 
Peduncles  glandular,  many-flowered.  Anthers  mutic.  Style  filiform.  (Don's 
MiU.)  A  trailing,  moss-like,  evergreen,  diminutive  shrub.  Kamtschatka, 
about  Port  Ochotsk,  and  of  Bchrin^s  Island,  where  it  grows  in  thick  masses 
covering  a  great  extent  of  surface,  like  wild  thyme;  and  various  other 


AIIBORETUM   £T   FRDTICETUU    BttlT&NNICUH. 


6  in.     Introduced  ?.     Flowers  led;  June. 
%.  2.  B.  Stb'llbr/  D.  Don.     Steller's  Bryantliiu. 

Idtiuflleaaoit.    D.  Dini,l.c.  ;  Dan'llIUI.,l^.«tI. 
Srmoimma.    AndrAmeda  SUUertimii  Fill.  Ft  Rou.  p.  U.  t.  Tt,  L 1. 1 
HmlWn  niiEHtrlMimli  Fmnt  Ft  Amir.  bpl.  I.  p.  966.,  but  set  «( 

BiwnvAvi.  PiU.  FI.  BsH,  p,  H.  1. 74.  r  1. 1  ud  ooijV-  1°"- 
iS^.  CAor.,  fe.  Branchlets 
glabrous.  LesTes  with  ob- 
solete creDulated  edges. 
Flowera  solhary,  nearly 
EcsBile.  Authen  S-horned  ^ 
,  ,.  behind.        Style     conicaL 

I//      jiJ'W      Flowen  pale  red.   (^Don'i 
r        if'  M        -Miill)    A  trailing  diminu- 
^Jm  tive      evergreen       shrub. 

^^fr  North-west  coa*t  of  Ame> 

f^  ricn,  on  the  Rocky  Houn-  ■  ,_ 

ini.  B.uiiituiii.  tains,  and  near  the  mouth  mt.  s-sMito.. 

of  tiie   Columtna    River, 
and  in  the  Island  of  Sitcha.    Height  0  in,     Intn>duced  ?.   Flowen  pale  red, 
larger  than  in  B,  Omdlini ;  June. 

Oenus  XUI. 


□  □□ 


DABCE  GIA  D.  Don.    Tbe  Dabibcia.    Uk.  &/it.  Octindria  Monog;^nia. 

MnigicmtiBm.    D.  Den  Id  Edlnb.  Nn.  Pb[l.  Joan.,  IT,  p  160. ;  DoD'i  Hill.,  t.  p.  sa. 
Snrnilnnci.     £rlu  Ip.  i.A>.  i  Anilitnuida  ip.  tSL  ;  UmilMS  tp.  J%ii. 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  4-parted.  CoroUi  oval,  ventricose ;  limb  4-toothed.  ^a- 
t»e»t  8,  enclosed  \  filamenta  dilated,  slabrous.  AnOten  linear,  sa^ttatc 
at  the  base ;  cells  of  anthers  parallel,  loosened  at  the  ^x,  detntcing 
lengthwise.  Stigma  simple,  truncate.  Captuk  4-celled,  with  a  tepticidu 
dehiscence.  {Don't  Mili.) 

LeaveM  simple,  alternate,  exBlJpulate,  evergreeu ;  acerose,  elliptic,  flat, 
clothed  with  while  (omentum  beneath.  Ftoaen  terminal,  racemose,  purple. 
—  A  shrub,  evergreen,  diminutive,  buahj;  native  oflrelaud  and  the  Pyrenees. 

_  m.  I.  D.  ailifo'lia  V.  lion.     The  Foly-leaved  DalxEcia. 

DonlnBdlmiNewPhll.  Jonrti.,  lT.p-160.!  Dod'.  » — 

'      ■     -•■■•■■      " -g, ;  i,ia  ^ibct'cia 


Lin.   (hjU.  406.  :   Br 


Xa(nini«>.    Bng, 


SifBBl'i  BriL  Fl.-Oud..  S.  L  1. 176.  [  ind 
Sjm.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  eUiptic,  flat, 
clothed  with  white  tomentum  beneath. 
Fbwers  in  terminal  racemes.  (Don't 
AEll.)  A  bushj,  heath-like,  evergreen 
undenhrub.  Ireland  and  the  Pyre- 1 
neea,  on  the  sides  of  mountains  and 
dry  heaths,  where  it  is  very  ornamental. 
Height  1  ft.  to  8  ft.    Flowers  purple ; 


lit.  £RICa'ce£:  arbutus.  573 

I  Cunne* 


HH 


..fUBUTUB  Comer.    The  Arbutoi,  or  Strawbexry  Trbs.    Lin.  Sytl, 
DediiulriB  Monogynia. 

acmffiMlait.    Cunar.  Bpll.,  p.  IS*,  i  Don'i  MIL.  t.  p.  IM. 

m, — s_„_«     A.rf^.4»..  /t^,  ^  ^'rbutiu  ip.  Lim.  Gat,  No,  750l  1  ArbooiiAT,  Pr,  t  8«i]ilbavrt, 

LUtan  bnafa,  Cdtic  i  Id  lUuilaa  to  tha  Ultor*  qoiUtr  of  (lis  Ihllt. 

C«n.  CiW,     Cofyx  ft-parted.     CoroUa  globose,  or  on 

S-clefl,  rcfleied.  Slaixau  10,  enclosed.  Anihert  comprei 
dcbisciDK  by  two  pores  at  the  apex,  fixed  by  the  back  beneath  the  apex, 
where  tEcy  are  fumishcd  with  two  reflexed  awtiB.  Ovariam  aeated  on  a 
bypogynous  disk,  or  half-immersed  in  it,  ^.celled ;  cells  many-deeded.  SlyU 
1.     Sigma  obtuse.     Berry  nearly  globose,  granular.  (2)on'i  Mill.') 

X«itw«  simple,  alternate,  ciat^>ul«te,eTergrecDi  lerrated  or  entire.  Flmoert 
in  racemes,  terminal,  jianicled,  pedicellate,  bracteate,  with  white  or  flesh 
coloured  corollas. — Trees  and  slirubs,  erergreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  America. 
Thej  arc  of  easy  culture,  in  aaody  loom,  or  loam  and  peat ;  and  they  are 

readily  propagated,  the  conunon  kioda  by  lavers,  cuttings,  or  seeds,  and  the 

rarer  and  tenderer  sorts  by  grafting  on  those  tnat  are  more  common  and  hardy. 

All  the  speoea  have  the  outer  bark  more  or  less  tinged  with  red,  and  scaly. 


_-_^ , ,  .. JO  Ar)ir«,n-.  i  Knlliwrt- 

■Ttlpi  SudhHTC,  Gtr.  I  KoniiS.  Mai.  Orrtt. 
MmgrarHiti,  Epf.  Ba(.,t.  aTT.;  ladoaijlt.  lOTT. 
i^MT.  Char.,  4-c,  ArtMireoua.  Branch- 
lets  clothed  with  glandular  hairs. 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  glabrous, 
serrulated.  Flowers  noddiiu.  Pe- 
duncles smooth.  (Doh'i  HiS.)  An 
evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.  South 
of  Europe,  Palestine,  and  Ireland, 
in  the  county  of  Kerrv,  near  the 
Lake  of  Killamey,  on  barren  lime- 
stone rocks,  where  the  countiT 
pec^e  eat  the  fniit.  Hdgfat  10  tt. 
to  SO  ft.  Flowers  white ;  Septem- 
ber nnd  December.  Fruit  large, 
scarlet;  ripe  in  December. 
yitiietiei. 

*  t  A.  U.  1  i&tu  Att.  Hon. 

Kew.    ii.  p.  7i.  —  Flowers  ,0,,.  ^^tamirn.*! 

white.  Inis  is  the  com- 
mon sort,  raised  in  nurseries  by  seed.  The  flowo^  are  sometimes 
of  a  greenish  or  yellowish  white,  and  sometimes  reddish.  The 
colour  of  the  fruit,  also,  varies  in  a  similar  manner. 
»  t  A,  U.  8  raio-  Ait-  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.  71.  — Flowers  reddish.  This 
is  the  handsomest  variety  in  cultivation.  It  is  commonly  propagated 
T  by  grafting  on  the  species,  and  sometimes  by  cuttings. 
(  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.7l.  —  Flowers  semidoul  ' 


by  layers, 
A.  U.  3  pU 


pUaut  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii.  p.7l.  —  Flowers  semidoublc. 


fi74         arbohbtuh  et  fruticetum  britannicum. 

«  A.  U.  4  tMxopttaltiM.  —  Corolla  ait  into  more  than  the  number  (5)  of 
Mgment*  conUaot  to  the  corolla  of  the  species.     Uoit.  Soc  Oarden. 

■  \.V.SmUgnfihu».  (SimiBot.  Mag.,  t.  £319.  and  our 
^.  1976.) — LecTes  eatire.    Hott.  Soc.  Oord. 

«  a1  U.  6  ainm.  —  'Le&'na  curled  and  cut,  and  the 

plant  dwarf.  > 

•  A.  U.  7  Bii£(?t/ifii(i  —  LeaTet  narrow,  very  (UstincL 
The  common  arbutus  will  pow  to  the  hdght  or  SO  or  30 
feet  i  but,  unleBB  pruned  to  a  uDile  stem,  it  uaumei  more  the 
character  or  a  huee  bush  than  wet  of  a  r^ular-headed  tree. 
The  rate  of  growui,   when  young  and  properly  treated,  will 
CTerage  I  ft.  a  year  for  the  firat  10  yean;  and  the  plant  ia 
of  conaiderable  durability.     It  will  thriye  in  any  tolerably  &ee 
■oil  i  though  it  aeeins  to  grow  fastest,  and  attwn  the  largeat 
■iie,  in  deep  sandy  loam.      It  will  grow  either  in  open  or  *       _^ 
sheltered  ntuationa,  but  does   not   thriTe  under   the   shade 
of  trees.      The  species   is  readily  propagated  by  seeds,  wiAA   should   be 
■own,  as  soon  as  they  are  separated  ^om  the  pui^  of  the  fruit,  in  pots  of  light, 
rich,  sandy  soil,  or  beath  mould,  and  then  placed  m  the  shade,  where  tb^  can 
be  protected  from  the  frost  and  the  sun.     Plants  raised  from  seed  do  not  g^^ 
nerally  flower  till  A  or  6  years  old.     The  double  and  the  scarlet-flowered,  wid 
all  the  other  varieties,  are  propagated   by 
layers,  by  grafting,  or   by  cutting  of  the 
wood  in  a  erowing  state,  taken  off  in  July, 
and  treated  like  cuttings  of  heath. 

i  m2.A.  Hv'nttiDt  Ker.     The  hybrid 

Arbutus,  or  Strawberry  Tree, 

UlmlgaUltm.     Ka  BoL  Rgg,  1.919.;  Deal  Wll.,  S. 

Smmumk.    J.  oDdnchatllds  £tail  EiHiib  I.  p.  »&.  . 

Awr««W(. '  But.  Btg.,  t.  S19. ;  the  plue  Id  Art.  BiK.,  \ 

iitaiUL.K'.  Ti.i«iHi«Dj%i.  ian.udiaea.  I 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branchlcts  pilose.    Leaves  V 

oblong,  acute,  serrated,  slabrous.     Panicle 
terminal,    pendulous,    downy.      Flowers 

white.       Calyx    glabrous.     (Dob'»  Mill.}  ,^,  j.^^utd.. 

An  evergreen  shrub  or  low  tree.    Origi- 
nated in  gardens  about  1300.  Hdght  10ft.  to  20ft.    Plowcrs  white  ;  Sep- 
tember to  December.    Fruit  scarlet ;  rarely  produced. 
His  hybrid  appears  to 

have  been   originated  be- 
tween the   first  and    the 

third  species,  and  to  be  in- 

termciliate   between    them 

both    in    appearance    and 

constitution.       It   is    loss 

tender    than     No  1.,  and 

more  so  than  No.  3.     In 

British  gardens  it 

ornamental    from 

lis     foliage     and 

flowers  i   but,   I 

might  be  expected,  ^ 

it  rarelv  perfects 

fruit,  nopagated 

by  grafUng  on   ' 


XLiii.  ERICA Ve«:  ji'aavTvs.  S76 

J  a  A.  A.  S  mUleri  (A.  WOeti  Mb^m  in  W«Bt  of  Eogbuid  Journal  of 

Science  Eud  Lit.,  Jan.  183A;  and  Oard.  Mag.,  xi.  p.  259.)  was  raiaed 

from  wed  in  the  Briatol  Nursery,  from  the  scarlet-flovered  rariety  of 

A.  (Aiedo  ajid  A.  ^odrichne.    The  flowers  are  of  a  delicate  pink, 

the  leaves  are  ki^e,  aod  the  plant  vigorous. 

Aoporently  a  hybrid  between  A.  ITtiedo  and  A.  ^ndr&chii&     It  grows  as 

rapialy  as  the  A,  ITaeio,  forms  fiillj  as  large  a  tree,  is  more  bcautiftil  in  its 

flowers,  which  are  in  larger  paoides,  and  is  nearly  as  hardy. 

f  a  3.  A.  Ambka'cbhk  L.     The  Andrachne  Arbutus,  or  Strmebeny  7We. 

iimieittitK.  Lfai.sp..u6.j  Son'(M<ii..a.p.at. 

Stmiuma.    A.\aUfi\KI\tLam.i  ^udrklini  ThmphrdU  Clni,  HIrt.  1.  p.4S. ;  ^DdiSchM  Fork. 

7VMr.lWI).(.a.    TUi  U  Um  AdncfaD*  or  Thw^initni  1  iDd  It  U  alud  Adnchli  !□  madiirn 

Cmk. 
B^TwAwi.    But.  Rf|j  t.  US.  I  Boi.  1U(,  t.  MM. ;  tin  jiliM  Is  Atb.  Brtt.,  In  «diL,  tdI,  tL  i  ind 

l^Kc.  Chilr.,  S^c.    Leaves  oblong,  Uuntish,  entire  ui  some,  a  tittle  serrated  in 
others,  gtabroua.  Panides  terminal,  erect,  clothed  with  viscid  down.  Flower* 


greenish  white.   Pmit  like  that  of  A.  IPnedo.  (Don'i  Mill.)    An  evergreen 
shrub  or  low  tree.     Greece,  Asia  Miiior,  and  Tauria.  Height  £0  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Introduced  in  1724.  Flowers  greenish  white;  March  and  April.  Fruit  like 
that  of  A.  LTrxedo ;  ripe  in  Dccember- 
Fanely.  \ 

f  ■  A.  A.  9  urralifoSa,  A.  scr-  > 
ratifdlia  Nou.,  (Lodd.  Bot. 
Cab.,  t.  580. ;  and  our  fig. 
1083.)  has  the  leaves  ser-   i 
rated,  and   narrower   than  * 
those  of  the  species.    The  7 
flowers  are  yellowish,  and  ^ 
disposed    in    rather    large 
terminal  clusters.  nM.A.A7iMnia.i\. 

It  diflers   from   the   common   arbutus  in   having 
much  longer  lesvcs,  smooth,  coriaceous,  and  shining, 
and  but  slighliy  if  at  ail  serrated,  and  polished;  but 
mi.  <.  jiAiciiH.  the   outer  berk    crackn.  and  peels  oS  in  very  thin 


fi76  ARDOUETUU    ET    FRUTICXTtlH   BRITANNICUM. 

paperj  ]»jtn  annu^,  bj  which  alone  it  is  readily  diMii^uiahed  from  the 
common  nrtiutua.  llie  plants,  when  young,  are  somewhat  tender;  but,  ii 
kept  in  pots  till  8  or  3  feet  huh  before  th^  are  planted  out,  they  will  endure 
the  winteri  in  the  nelfhbournood  of  London  without  any  protection  j  and 
will  grow  nearly  as  rapidly  as  the  commoa  a^tua,  beicoming  eroitually  much 
larger  and  finer  treea. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  oblong,  serrated,  or  entire^ 
smooth  ;  petioles  smooth.  Bacemes  tenninal, 
panicles  secund.  (Lindi.)  A  small  evergreen 
tree;  !n  British  gardens  an  evergreen  bush,  with 
fine  broad  glossy  foliwe.  Noru-wett  coast  of 
North  America.  Hught  10  ft,  to  80  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1385.  Fmwen  delicate  greenish 
white  i  May.  Fruit  like  that  of  the  common 
arbutus. 

Nearly  allied  to  A.  ^ndricbna  ;  but  diflerii^  In 
the  form  and  serraturea  of  its  leaves,  and  in  the 
form  and  size  of  its  flowen.  The  root  shoots  are 
covered  with  scattered  bristles,  as  also  are  the  leaf 
stalk,  end  the  leaves  themselves  on  such  shoots  are 
very  strongly  serrated. 


PwjA.     The  downy  Arbutus,  or  Slraiobcrry  7\tt. 
iratoUbifarLi 
^pff.  CAar.,  ^e. 


Idtiulfetlmi.     PonbFI.  AHT.  a«t.,1.  p.Kl.:  Don'iMni,  S. 
> — ■--'-■--[(■lonHottiwiiiJi.AW.  a*.,! 


hispid  petioles,  midribs  hispid,  and  disks  oval,  acute,  sub- 
conlate  at  the  base,  and  clottied  with  white  tomentum 
beneath.  Flowers  bracteated,  disposed  in  somewhat  headed 
racemes,  which  are  aiillary.  and  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Corolla  campanulalely  pitcher-shaped,  pure  white.  (Don'i 
MiU.)     A  low  evergreen  shrub.     West  coast  of  North 

America.      Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.      >—■'■—'  =-  """= 

Flowers  pure  wnhe  ;  Dec 

n.  A.  L  3  tiMda  Hook,  et  Amott  in 
Beech.  Voy.  Pt.  Bot.  lU.,  Hook. 
PI.  Bor.  Amer.  8.  t.  129.  f.  4.  — 
The  pUnt  is  quite  destitute  of  long 
stiffhairs. 

•  6.  A.  dbnsiflo'ra  H.  B.  et  Kmtk.     The"^ 
densely  fld  Arbutus,  or  Strawberry  TYee. 


JJwc.  Char.,  J^c.  , 

Lraves  4  in.  to  i  in.  long  ;  their  petioles 
long,  pilose ;  their  disks  oblong,  acute, 
sharply  toothed,  coriaceous,  glabrous  abov^ 
and  shining  beneath,  clothed  with  brown- 
tinged  down,  and  the  middle  nerve  with  long 
rusty-hued  hairs.  Flowers  crowded,  disposed 


XLIII.   £RICA'CEiE:    -rfRCl'OSTA  PHYL08.  677 

in  panicles  that  are  terminal  and  composed  of  approximate  racemes.  Pedi- 
cels furnished  with  3  bracteas  at  the  base.  Corolla  oval,  white.  Filaments 
dilated  and  pilose  at  the  base.  (Don*s  Mill.)  A  robust  shrub  or  low  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  eastern  declivities  between  La  Plata  and  Xalapa.  Height 
20  ft.;  in  British  gardens  5  ft.  to  10ft.  Introduced  in  1826.  Flowers 
white;  December. 

Other  Species  apparenth  hardy.  —  A.  speciota  Dickson,  Gard.  Mag.  1840, 
p.  4.  Leaves  lanceolate,  nnely  serrated,  glaucous  on  the  under  side^  and  bright 
green  above.  Probably  a  lai^e  bush  or  small  tree.  Mexico,  1837.  Another 
species,  and  also  A.  nepalensis  Royle,  have  been  raised  in  the  H.  8.  Garden. 

Genus  XV, 


ilRCTOSTATHYLOS  Adant.    Thb  Bearberry.     Lin.  Sytt.  Dec&ndria 

Monog^nia. 

Identification.    Adans.  Fam. ;  Don's  IfiU.,  8.  p.  83.\ 
SunonifmeM.    ITra-ikrsi  Dod..  Tomm, :  J'rbofeus  sp.  Lin, 
Derioaifon,    From  arkto$,  a  bear^  ana  tUtpkule^  a  grape. 

Gen.  Char,  Ctdyx  5-parted.  Corolla  globose  or  ovate- campanulate ;  limb 
5-cIeft;,  reflexed.  Stamens  10,  enclosed ;  filaments  dilated  at  the  base,  and 
pilose.  Anthers  compressed  at  the  sides,  dehiscing  by  two  pores  at  the 
apex,  fixed  by  the  back  beneath  the  middle,  where  they  are  funiished  with 
two  reflexed  horns.  Ovarium  seated  on  the  hypogynous  disk,  or  half- 
immersed  in  it,  usually  5-cel1ed,  rarely  6— 9-celled ;  cells  1-sceded.  Styles  I. 
Stigma  obtuse.    Drupe  nearly  globose.  (Don's  Mill.) 

lieaves  simple,  alte  nate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous  ;  entire 
or  serrated.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  pedicellate  bracteate.  Corollas 
white  or  flesh-coloured.  Drupes  red  or  black.  —  Shrubs  or  subshrubs, 
deciduous  or  evergreen,  low  or  trailing ;  natives  of  Europe  or  America. 

*^  I,  A,  UVa-u'rsi  Spreng*    The  common  Bearberry. 

tdcntificoHon.    Spreng.  SyiC.,  2.  p.  827. ;  Don's  Mill.,  8.  p.  835. 

SynonunuM.  J'rbutus  USra'anl  Lin.  Sp,  S66. ;  il'rbutus  ftuxffblla  Stoke$  BoL  M9. ;  U^Ta-tirai 
6uzin»lU  StO,  in  OrayU  Arr.  2.  p.  400. ;  Bearberiiet,  and  Beai^wboitleberries,  JSf^. ;  Baren- 
traube,  or  Barenbeere,  Ger.  \  Beerenduuff,  Dutch  \  la  BasserolOt  Fr. ;  Ura  d'Orzo,  ltal,\  Ura 
de  Oso^  Span.  \  Ura  de  Urso,  Port. ;  and  Ura  Ursl  in  the  worlu  of  most  old  botanists.- 

EngrovingM.    Engl.  Bot.,  t.  714. }  Schmidt  Banm.,  1 138. ;  and  our>^.  1087. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Stems  procumbent.  Leaves  per- 
manent, obovate,  quite  entire,  coriaceous,  shining, 
resembling  those  of  the  common  box.  Flowers 
&sciculate  ;  pale  red,  or  white  with  a  red  mouth ; 
growing  in  small  clusters  at  the  extremities  of 
the  branches.  Drape  5-celled.  (Don's  Mill.) 
A  trailing  evergreen  shrab.  Canada  and  New 
England  m  rocky  situations,  and  in  the  Island  of 
Unalascha ;  also  in  the  middle  of  Europe ;  and 
upon  dry  heathy  mountains  throughout  the  High- 
lands and  Western  Isles  of  Scotland.  Height  1  ft. ;  **'•  -<.uw».(kf«i. 
trailing  stems  2  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers  pale  red  ;  May  and  June.  Berries 
red ;  ripe  in  September. 

fariety, 

lu   A.  £71  2  austtnaca  Lodd.— Leaves  somewhat  larger  than  those  of 
the  species. 

The  berries  are  filled  with  an  austere  mealy  pulp,  and  serve  as  food  for 
grouse  and  other  birds  in  Britain  ;  and  in  Sweden,  Russia,  and  America,  they 
form  a  prbcipal  part  of  the  food  of  bears.  The  whole  plant  is  powerfully 
astringent :  it  abounds  in  the   tannin  principle ;  and,  both  in  Sweden  and 

p  p 


578  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRXTANNICUM. 

America,  it  has  been  used  for  tanning  leather,  and  dy^ng  it  an  ash-grc> 
colour.     On  rockwork  in  gardens  it  is  very  ornamental. 

lu  2*  A>  ALPi^NA  Spreng     The  Alpine  Bearberry. 

JdentifkatioH.    Spreng,  Syst,  2.  p.  887. ;  Don't  Mill,  S.  p.  836. 

Sfnonpme.    il'rbutiu  alplna  Lin.  Sp.  605. 
ngravingt,    Engl.  Bot,  U  909O. ;  and  ovxjig.  1088. 

Spec,  Char»f  S^c,  Stem  procumbent.  Leaves  obovate,  acute,  wrinkled,  ser- 
rated^ deciduous.  Racemes  terminal.  Pedicels  rather  hairy.  The  flowers 
grow  in  reflexed  racemes,  and  are  pure  white.  (Don't  Imll,)  A  trailing 
evergreen  shrub.  Denmark,  Switzerland,  Siberia,  Lap- 
land, &c. ;  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  on  dry  moors ; 
also  in  Canada,  &c.  Height  1  ft, ;  shoots  2  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Flowers  in  reflexed  racemes,  pure  white ;  April  to  June. 
Fruit  black,  of  the  size  of  a  sloe,  with  a  taste  somewhat 
resembling  that  of  black  currants,  but  more  mawkish ; 
ripe  in  September. 

In  British  gardens,  it  has  long  been  a  favourite  peat- 
earth  trailing  shrub,  requiring  an  airy  situation.      It  does      ^  ^^^ 
not  thrive  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  London,  nor  where             ^ 
it  is  much  sheltered  ;  but,  either  on  rockwork,  in  beds  of  dry  peat,  or  in 
moist  peat,  it  grows  with  great  luxuriance,  and  occasionally  ripens  fruit. 

A.  pdngent  H.  B.  et  Kunth  (Don't  Mill,,  iii.  p.  836.)  is  a  native  of  Mexico, 
in  elevat^  places,  near  Moran  and  Villalpando,  where  it  forms  a  branchy 
shrub,  about  a  foot  in  height.     Introduced  m  1839.    Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

Genus  XVI. 


PERNE'TTYil  Gaud.    Thb  Pernettya.     Lin.  Sytt.  Decindria. 

Monog^a. 

Idcftt^fleaiiom,    Gaud,  in  Frey.  Voy.,  p.  454.  t.  67. ;  Don*f  Mill.,  3  p.  886. 

Derivation.  Named  after  Dom  PenteUg,  the  author  of  the  Acoouni  tif  a  Voyage  to  the  Falkland 
Islet ;  a  work  remarkable  for  it«  interest,  as  well  as  for  its  candour  and  ezactneM.  The  orisinal 
species  of  this  genus  was  mentioned  by  this  traTolier  under  the  name  of  **  Bruydre  k  fauillei 
pointues."  {Undl.  in  Bot,  Beg.) 

Gen.  Char,  Calyx  inferior,  5-parted.  Corolla  globose;  limb  5-parted,  re- 
volute.  Stamens  10,  almost  hypogynous,  enclosed;  filaments  thickened  at 
the  base.  Cells  of  anthers  bifid,  and  dehiscing  at  the  apex.  Ovarium  free, 
depressed,  globose,  5-celled ;  cells  many-«eeded  ;  hypogynous  scales  or 
glands  10,  sSobed,  forming  a  ring  round  the  ovarium,  and  alternating  with 
the  stamens.  Slyle  termmal,  short.  Stigma  convex,  obsoletely  d4obed. 
Berry  propped  by  the  rather  fleshy  calyx.  Seeds  minute,  oblong-ovate. 
(Don's  Am,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  evergreen ;  very  small,  approximate. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  drooping,  with  bracteate  peduncles. —  Shrubs, 
evergreen,  small,  spreading,  much  branched ;  natives  of  Europe  and  America. 

a.  1.  P*  MUCRONA^TA  Gaud,     The  mucronate-Z^ave^  Pemettya. 

Jdentifieatiom.    Gaud,  in  Ann.  Sc,  5.  p.  102. ;  Don's  MilL,  2.  p.  836. 

^mumifme.    il'rbutus  mucronita  Lin./IL  Suppl.  p.  S39. 

Sngraoing»,    Bot  Rag.,  t.  1675. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  t  3098. ;  and  iMxJIg.  1060. 

Spec,  Char.^  ^c.    Leaves  ovate,  cuspidate,  denticulately  serrulate,  stiSE,  shining 

'  on  both  surfaces.    Pedicels  axillary,  bracteate;  about  equal  in  length  to  the 

leaves.    Flowers  white,  drooping.  (Don's  Mill.)    A  neat  little  evemeen 

shrub.    Terra  del  Fuego,  Cape  Horn,  and  the  Straits  of  Magellan.    He^ht 

2  ft.  to  3  ft.     Introduced  in  1828.    Flowers  white;  May. 


XLIII.    SRICi'CEJE.:    OAULTHE^R/if.  579 

Farittji. 

n.  P.    «■  S   CmmAigu,    P.   Cunmilngn   Lodd., 

diffen   from  the   Bpedes  in   having   larger, 

leia  serrHteJ,  and  more  ovate  leavee. 

A  hardy  evergreen  shrub,  of  cansiderable  beauty, 

on  account  of  the  neat  appearance  and  dark  colour  of 

its  foliage. 

L.  2.  P.  PILo^SA  G.  Don.     The  piloK,  or  hedrti, 
PemetCya. 

UftOtoNoa.    Qvd.  Mig.,ia.  p^WCi  Don'iHIL!.,!.  p.UT.;  IM. 

Smmemtmt.    ^rbuMu  pllt«  OnitoiH. 

g,^athi$i.    Boi.  lU(.,t.im.j  ■BdwirA-loM. 

Spec.  Char.,  f/e.  Stem  pilose,  pro- 
taa    t  .ni.mMi  cumbent.       Leaves     ovate-elliptic, 

cilifltelyserrulated,  coriaceous,  with- 
out a  mucro,  and  callous  at  the  poinL  Pedicels  axillaiy, 
l-flowered,  elongated,  deilexed.  Corolla  ovate,  vith  blunt 
revoluie  teeth,  white.  (Don't  Miil.)  A  prostrate  ever- 
green shrub.  Mexico.  Hdght  6  iu.  to  1  Ft.  Introduced  b 
1888,  or  before.     Flowers  white  ;  May. 

P.  mcrophiUa  Gaud.  (Don't  Mill,  iii.  p.  336.),  <<'rbutus 
microphyila  Fortt.,  A.  lerpyllUSlia  Lam.,  is  a  native  of  the 
Struts  of  Hagellan,  where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  8  or  3 
feet,  but  has  not  yet  been  introdueed. 

P.pumia  Oaud.  (Bot.  Reg.,  Hay,  1834),  ^'rbutus  pilniilB 
Fml.,  is  a  native  of  MBgeUui,  introduced  in  1820.     Horti-  ^ 

cultural  SocieQ's  Garden. 

Gbhus  XVII. 


GG 


GADLTHE'R/jl  L.    Tbb  Gaulthbhia.    Lm.  S^.  Decindria 
Monog/nia. 


/doUtduMiM.    UB.a«B.,No.Ul.|Doa'iUUI..B.D.eSB. 

OtrAuniM.    Bo  nuMd  bj  Kilm,  fnmi  OaiMUtr,  ■  pbjildiui  and  boUniit  of  Cuuda. 

Gen.  Ckar.  Calt/x  5-cleft.  CotoUa  ovate,  with  a  short  5-clefl:  limb.  Staaefi* 
lU,  enclosed.  Anlheri  bifid  at  the  apex  ;  lobes  biaristate.  Style  I.  Stigma 
obtuse.  Hgpogvttout  icatei  10,  obsolete,  or  connate  at  the  hose.  Copttde 
depreosedly  globose,  5-celled,  A-furrowed,  covered  by  the  calyx,  which  is 
sometimes  baccate ;  valves  septiferous  in  the  middle.  Placental  adnate  to 
the  base  of  the  column.  Seedi  numerous,  covered  by  a  reticulated  testa. 
(Don't  Mia.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exBtipulate,  evergreen ;  toothed,  ciliated.  Flowert 
aiillaiy  and  terminal,  racemose,  rarely  solitary ;  pedicels  bibracteolate.  Co- 
roUat  white,  rose-coloured,  or  scarlet.  FilanmU  usually  hairy.  —  Shrubs, 
evergreen,  procimibent ;  natives  of  America. 

l<,   I.  Q.  procu'mbbns  £i.     The  procumbent  Gsultheria. 

/dnJiloBAia.    Uc  Sp- Wl.  i  Don'i  Mil].,  1.  p.  SS9. 1  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  )%aS. 
Sruamrma.    Pmi\iUgwi  Bnrx.  Uminuln  To*,  K|irlii«  winur-aneD.  SmiU'i  tttuart  of  Nw  Scolia. 
£ivra><nn.     Andr  Bat  Kan..  1!G.  ;  Kalm  Amim^  1.  p.  14.  t.  I.  f.  G.  (  Du  Hun.  Arb.,  I.. p.  ISG. 
L  lll.(  Loild.  But.  C>b,.Lgt,  1  SIm'l  But.  Hug,,  t.  IM6.;  IDd  Dur.^.  109], 

d^c.  Ciar.,  ^c.    Stem  procumbent.    Branches  erect,  nalied  at  bottom,  but 

with  crowded  leaves  at  top.     Leaves  obovate,  acute  at  the  bwe,  finely  and 

p  p  2 


560  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICEl'UM    BRtTANNICUM. 

ciliately  toothed.      Flowers   few,   teiminat,  nutant. 

(Don't  Mill.)   A  very  Binall  evergreen  shrub.  CaDsda 

to  Virginia,  in  dry  woods,  on   mounCaina,  and   in 

aaady  places.      Height  6  in.      Litroiiuced  in  176-2, 

Ftowem   white;  July  to  September.     BerrieB  red; 

remaining  on  the  plant  great  part  of  the  winter. 

A  very  pretty  little  Bhining-leaved  plant,  improjwrly 
termed     procumbent,   which   makes   very   ormunenCal  j 
ed^nga  in  peat  soil,  kept  moist;  in  which  soil  alone  I 
it  can  be  well  grown.     The  leaves,  if  properly  cured,    , 

a.  a.  O.  Shallow  Pursb.    The  Sfaallon  Oaultheria. 

/dnJMoifiln.    Funb  F1.  Ani«r.  Sept.  I.  p.  Wa.  i  Doii'i  HIlL.a.  p.  839. 

EtitrattHgt.    Punh  S^..  1.  Bg.;  BoC  Ul(.,  L  3M3. ;  B«.  ItF«,t.  1411.1  and  aOT^.  ion. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Procumbent,  hairy  on  the  stems.    Leaves  ovate,  aubcordate, 

serrated,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces.     Racemes  secund,  bracteate.  clothed 

with  maty  down.     Branches  waned,  clothed  with  rusty  down  when  young. 

Leaves  broad,  abruptly  acuminated.    Pe- 
dicels scaly.    Corolla  white,  tinged  with 

red,  downy,  urceolate.  with  a  closed  limb. 

Berries    globose,    acute,    fleshy,    purple. 

(Don'i  Mi!l.)     A  procumbent  evergreen 

shrub.   North  America,  on  the  Falls  of  the 

Columbia,  and  near  the  Western  Ocean. 

Height  2  ft.  to  3  (t.     Introduced  in  1B26. 

Flowers  white,  tinged  with  pink  ;  May. 

Fruit  purple  ;  Sq)tember. 

This  plant  grows  in  the  shade  of  close  i,,,.  .|  ^fp„ 

pine   forests,  where   hardly  any  thing   else 

will  thrive.  The  berries  are  much  esteemed  by  the  natives,  on  account 
of  their  agreeable  flavour.  In  the  North  of  England,  and  in  Scotland,  the 
plant  has  ahready  been  employed  as  undergrowth  in  artiBcial  plantations,  for 
the  sake  of  the  ahelter  and  food  which  it  affords  for  game. 

Gehus  XVIII. 


□ 


EPIO.£^A  L.    Tbb  Efiosa.    Ltn.  Syit.  DecJndria  Honogynia. 

Uattifeaum.    LId.  t;«.,  No.  tiEO.  i  Ddd'i  MIU.,  S.  p.  841. 

Derhitian.    Frotn  <p^,  npoD,  uid  gatoj  tli«  sartli  i  the  planB  crc*p«  iqHHi  the  vatttB  of  tfaa  earllL 
Gen,  Char.     Caii/x  larae.  5-parted,  furnished  with  3  bracteas  at  the  base. 
Corolla  salver^Hped,  with  a  5-parted  spreading  limb ;  tube  vilk^js  inside. 
Slameru    10.        Ctqitule   5-celled,    many-seeded. 
Flaeenia  5-parted.  (Don"»  MiU.) 

Leavet  dniple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  ever- 
green 1  entire,  Ftosetrt  axillary  and  terminsl, 
in  dense  racemes. — A  shrub,  evergreen,  creep- 
ing, tufted  i  native  of  North  America. 

j^  I.  E.  rb'pbns  L.     The  creeping  Epigsa. 

UftUlfiaiHim.     Ub.  Sp.,  tea.  i  Oaa't  HUl.,  3,  p.  Ml. ;  Ludd. 

OL.lld.  183S. 

£iWn»Awi.    Biit.I)<f>„lM.  1  Bot.  Citl,  lED.  i  ■^DUrA.  loss. 

Spec.  Char„  ^e.     Branches,  petiolea,  and  nerves  of  laa.  £.»■»» 


xLiii.  ekica^'ceje:  cxeVhra. 


581 


leaves  verv  hairy.  Leaves  cordate-ovate,  qiiite  entire.  Corollas  cylin- 
drical. Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red,  very  firaerant.  (DotCs  MilL)  A 
creeping  evei^een  shrub.  Nova  Scotia  to  Carolina,  on  shady  rocks  and 
in  stony  woods,  on  the  sides  of  hills,  and  at  the  roots  of  pines.  Height 
6  in.  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red,  very  fragrant ; 
May  to  July. 

Variety. 

f^  E.  r.  2  rubicunda  Swt.  Fl.  Brit.  2d  ser.   t.  384.   has  brilliant  pink 
flowers.    Raised  from  seed,  1836. 

Succeeds  in  peat  soil,  kept  rather  moist,  and  protected  with  a  frame  or 
hand-glass,  or  with  snow,  during  very  severe  frosts. 

Genus  XIX, 


PHALEROCA'RPUS  G.  Don.    The  Phalbrocarpus.    lAn.  SysL  Oct&n- 

dria  Monogynia. 

Ident0cai&m.    Don's  BfiU..  8.  p.  Ml. 

AraonynM*.    TacciniuiD  Lin. ;  Gaulthdri'a  Pursh  ;  OxycAocuf  NtM. ;  il'rbutuf  Lam, 

JDerivaiiom,    From  pkaiSrot,  white,  and  karpo$,  a  Aruit ;  in  reference  to  the  colour  of  the  berrlee. 

Gen,  Char.  Calyx  4-cleft,  bibracteate  at  the  base.  Corolla  short,  campanulate, 
4-cleft.  Stamens  8 ;  filaments  hairy  ?.  ffypogynotu  duk  8-toothed.  An-, 
then  semibifid.  {DotCs  Mill,) 

Leaves  simple, alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  small,  roundish-oval, acute. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  nearly  sessile,  white. — A  shrub,  creeping,  ever- 
green, of  diminutive  size,  with  hispid  branches  and  the  habit  of  wild  thyme. 

%,  I.  P.  5BRPVLUP0^ius  G,  Don,    The  Wild-Thyme-leaved  Phalerocarpus. 

Identifieatiom,    Don*s  Hill.,  8.  p.  841. 

S^noi^fmes.    Faoclnlam  hituldulum  LAt.  ^p^JOOi ;  GaalthdrAi  tGrprlUrblla  Pmrsk  Sept,  1.  |k  S8S. 

t  18. ;  il'rbutui  flUlttnnls  Lam,  Diet,  1.  p.US.j^  OX7c6ccua  hispidiuu    ~ 
'^ngravrnga.    Mich; 

and  oyxrjlg.  lOM. 


BngramngM.    Michz.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  t.  23. 


8. :  bxyc$ixuM  hispidu] 
;  Forth  Sept.,  t.  18. ) 


01  Pen. 


Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Berries  white,  produced  in  consider- 
able Quantities,  aromatic,  not  very  acid,  and  rather 
insipid  than  agreeable.  The  shrub  has  the  same 
aromatic  taste  and  smell  as  Gaultheria  proc6m- 
bens.  (Don's  Mill,)  A  creeping  evergreen  shrub. 
Canada  to  Pennsylvania ;  and  more  particularly 
where  cedars  and  otlier  evergreens  are  predomi- 
nant ;  and  growing  always  amidst  iS^h&gnum. 
Height  6  in.  Introduced  in  1815.  Flowers  white ; 
Api^  and  May.    Berries  white. 

Genus  XX. 


lOM,    P.  iaq>jlllfbUu, 


LjLj 


u 


CLETHRA  L.    The  Clethra.    Lin.  Syst.  Dedindria  Monog^ia. 

Ident^fieat^m.    Un.  Gen.,  Ka  U3. ;  Don't  HIU.,  8.  p.  841. 
a^mmpme,    CtwMria  Ruis  et  Par.  Svtt.  106l 

Derivation.    From  ktetAra,  the  GreoL  name  of  the  alder ;  alluding  to  a  tuppoted  raiemblance  in 
theleavet. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  d-parted.  Corolla  so  deeply  5-parted  as  to  appear  pen- 
tapetalous.  Stamem  10,  enclosed,  or  nearly  so.  Anthers  behind,  at  length 
innexedly  pendulous  and  obverse,  cordate,  mucronate  at  the  apex,  mutic, 

pp  3 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANHICUH. 


Leave!  ainiple,  alternate,  exstipiilate,  dedduoiu  j  seriBted.  Fhwert  in 
TBcemeB,  terminal,  solitary,  or  panided,  bracteate,  with  white  corollas.  — 
Shrubs,  decitliiuua  (  Datives  of  North  America.  From  the  ^ipearance  of 
the  plants  in  British  gardens,  we  are  strongly  inclined  to  thinlc  that  all  the 
sorts  may  be  referred  to  one  species.     Peat  soil  kept  moisL 

^  1.  C.  .ojtiFo^LiA  L.    The  Alder>leaTed 
Clethn. 


Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  cuneate-obovate,  acute, 
coarsely  serrated  above,  glabrous  on  both 
surfaces,  and  of  the  same  colour.  Racemes 
i^icate,  simple,  bracteate,  clothed  with  hairy 
tomenlum.  (Don'i  HiU.)  A  deciduous  shrub. 
New  England  to  Vimnio,  in  swamps.  Height 
3ft.  to  4fl.  IntrothJced  in  1731.  Flowers 
lou.  c.dDiDii*  white;  July  and  i 

a  3.  C.  {/I,)  TuKENTO^i  Lata.    The  downy  Cletfara. 
IB.  i  Doa't  Ktl]..  9.  p.  HI.  I  Punh 


Sritatfmii'.    cTalalRriuia  puNhhu  All.  Hurt,  Cnt,  *.  p.  n.)  C 
S-^min^'viai.  'umA,  Bilt,  l.n.  i  ud  ourAi.  I09C,  nd  IWT. 
c.  Chnr.,  ^c.    Leaves  cuncate^obovate,  acute,  finely 
serrated  at  top,  clothed  with  white  , 
toinentiim  beneath.    Racemes  spi- 1 
cate,  wmple,  bracteate,  villously  lo- 
mentose.  {Don't  MUi.)     A  decidu- 
ous shrub.     Virginia  and  Carolina, 
in   Bwamps.      Height  3  ft.  to   4  ft. 
Introduced  in  1731.  Flowers  white; 
,^^  ,         July  to  October. 


J,  3.  C.  (.1.)  panccula't; 


Ait.     The  panicled^/Jouwm/  Clethra. 

.a.p.ui 


Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  narrow,  cuneete-lanceolate,  acute, 
acuminalcly  serrated,  glabrous  on  both  surfaces.  Panicle 
terminal,  elongated,  composed  of  racemes,  and  clothed  with 
white  tomentum.  {lion'i  Mill.}  A  deciduous  shrub.  Ca- 
rolina. Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced 
in  1770,    Flowers  white ;  July  to  October. 


1.  Bor..  AnH 


I  Pitnh  Sept.,  1 

"ittrat*^.  "bk  cmb.,  I.  HIT.  i  Bid  wufig.  lose. 

Spec.   Char.,  4^.      Leaves    oval,  acuminated, 

bluniish  at  the  base,  serrated,  glabrous  on 

cii-ii^^iiu.       '^^  surfeces,  rather  glaucous  beneath.    Ra- 

cemea    epicute,    almost    solitary,   bracteate, 

clothed  with  white  tomentum.     Flowers  resembling  those 

of  C.  dlniffllia.    (Am'/   Mill.)      A  bir^  shrub   <      ' 


XLIII.   i?RICA^CE^:    RHODODE^NDRON.  683 

tree.     Carolina,  on  high  mountains.     Height  I  Oft.  to   [5  ft.     Introduced 
in  [806.     Flowers  white ;  July  to  October. 

j«  5.  C.  (^.)  sca'bra  Pert.    The  Tovk^4eaved  Clethra. 

{dentificaUom,    P«rt.  Each..  1.  p.  482. ;  Don't  Mill.,  3.  p.  842. ;  Punh  Sept.,  1.  p^  302. 
Engramng.    OurJIg,  2093.  in  p.  1107. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  broad,  cuneate-obovate,  acute,  scabrous  on  both  sur- 
faces, coarsely  serrated ;  serratures  hooked.  Racemes  spicate,  sub-panicled 
bracteated,  finely  tomentose.  {DorCt  MUi.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  Western 
parts  of  Georgia.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1806.  Flowers 
white  ;  July  to  October. 


Sect  IL     iZnoDo^RE^. 


The  RhoddrcBR  include  genera  of  some  of  the  most  singularly  ornamental 
everereen  and  deciduous  peat-earth  shrubs  that  adorn  our  gardens  ;  for  what 
would  our  American  {^rounds  be  without  rhododendrons  and  azaleas  ?  The 
culture  of  all  the  species  is  nearly  the  same;  they  all  require  peat-earth,  or, 
at  least,  thrive  best  in  it ;  and  some  of  them  will  not  live  without  it.  Thev 
mav  all  be  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  growing  shoots,  planted  in  fine  sand, 
and  covered  with  a  glass,  or  by  layers ;  but  the  best  plants  of  all  the  spe- 
cies are  procured  from  seed.  The  varieties  can,  of  course,  only  be  continued 
by  cuttings  or  layers ;  and  the  stools  for  these  require  to  be  planted  in  beds 
of  peat,  which  should  be  kept  tolerablv  moist.  The  seeds,  if  ripened  in  this 
country,  should  be  sown  soon  after  gathering ;  and  those  imported  from  Ame 
rica,  immediately  on  being  received :  because,  though  the  seeds  of  all  the  JS'ri- 
cacese  will  retain  the  vital  principle  for  several  years,  ^et  the  longer  they  are 
kept  out  of  the  soil,  the  less  likely  they  are  to  eerramate,  and  the  greater 
will  be  the  risk  of  losing  some  of  them.  They  should  be  sown  in  pots  or 
boxes,  or  in  a  border  shaded  from  the  direct  influence  of  the  sun ;  and  kept  in 
a  uniform  state  of  moisture,  and  protected  from  the  frost.  In  sowing,  the 
surface  of  the  soil  should  previously  be  made  quite  smooth,  and  gently 
pressed  down,  or  watered  till  it  has  settled  to  a  level  surface;  and,  after  the 
seeds  have  been  equally  distributed  over  this  surface,  they  should  be  covered 
with  no  more  soil  than  is  barely  requisite  to  conceal  them  from  the  eye. 
Seeds  sown  in  autumn  will  germinate  in  the  following  spring,  and  be  fit  for 
transplanting  into  nursery  lines  or  pots  by  the  autumn,  or  by  tne  spring  of  the 
following  year.  These  directions  will  apply  generally  to  all  the  species,  but 
are  more  particularly  applicable  to  those  which  are  perfectly  hardy.  In 
France,  some  of  the  species  have  been  increased  by  herbaceous  grafting. 

Genus  XXI. 


i^lA 


/ZHODODE'NDRON  L.    The  Rhododendron,  or  Rose  Bay.   Lm.  Syst. 

Penta^Dec&ndria  Monog^nia. 

Idtni^leation.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  648. ;  Don't  MIIL,  S.  p.  843. 

^mmynm .    AsUea  ip.  of  authors ;  J{bod5n  Lin.i  Cbanuerhododfodroc  Toum.  Inst.  t.  373. ; 

Rhododendron,  A-.,  Jtal.^  and  Spam. :  Alpbolsam.  Ger. 
Derivation.    From  rAotfon,  a  rose,  and  dendron^  a  tree ;  in  referenoe  to  the  terminal  bunches  of 

flowers,  which  are  usually  red,  or  rose-colour. 

Gen.  Char.  Cafyx  5-parted.  Corolla  somewhat  ftmnel-shaped,  or  canipanu- 
late,  rarely  rotate  or  d-parted ;  limb  5  cleft,  somewhat  bilabiate;  upper  lip  the 
broadest,  and  usually  spotted.  Siameru  5 — 10,  usually  exserted,  declinate. 
Anthers  opening  by  two  terminal  pores.     Capsule  5-celled,  5-valved,  rarely 

p  p  4 


5M  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICErOH  BKITANMICUH. 

lk>-(;elle<l  and  lO-valved  aa  in  R.  arboreum,  with  a  septicidal  ddiiscence  at 

the  i^eK.      Ptac^nlat    ritnple,    angular.      Seed*    compressed,   Bcobifonn, 

winged.  (/Jon'»  Mill.') 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,    eiBtipulate,  dedduoiu,   or  evergreen;    (juke 

entire,  terminated  by  a  sphacelate  spex,  or  jellow  gland.  Flomen  termtDal, 

corvmbose,  showy.  —  Shrubs,  usually  evergreen  ;  Datives  of  Europe  Asia, 

and  North  America. 

In  the  Azalea  division  of  this  gemii  the  species  are  almost  eotirely  decidu- 
)UB,  with  quite  entire  alternate  leaves,  terminated  by  a  withered  tip,  or  yellow 
glBDd ;  and  terminal,  corymbode,  ahowv  flowers.  All  the  species  tbrive  beat 
m  Bandy  peat,  kept  rather  moist ;  and  they  ore  propagated  chiefly  by  layers 

$  L  Pdnticum  D.  Don. 


Tbc  Pontic  Rhododendron,  or  Hoie  Boy. 
Of.,  m.  I  uuo'l  HIIL,  a.  p.  Ml. 

't.  Sou.,  I.  p.  <a.  t  K. ;  Bdl  lkg.,I.Ua.t  miiiiiT  A.  iioa 
^pfc.  Char^  Sfc.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  glabrous  on 
both  surfaces,  attenuated  towards  the  thick  petioles, 
with  a  streak  on  the  upper  surTace,  of  a  wide  lanceolate 
form.     Racemes  short,  corymbose.    Leaves  sometimes    ■ 
becoming   ferrugiaous   beneath.       Corolla   purple  or  ^ 
purplish  pink,  targe ;  with  ovate,  acute,  or  lanceolate  £ 
segments.     Calyx  minute,  5-toothed,  Homewhat  carti-  j 
luginous.  (Don'i  MUi.)     An  evergreen  shrub ;  Pontus   I 
(now  Armenia),    in  Asia   Minor.      Hei^t   10  ft  to 
12  ft      Introduced  in    W63.      Flowers   purple;    May 
and  June.    Capsules  brown  ;  ripe  in  September,  ,igo.  ■.,mwb. 

a.  R.  ;).  8  obt&ium  Wats.  Dend.  Brit.  1. 168.,  Don's  Mil.,  has  theleaves 
subcordaie,  coriaceous,  obtuse,  and  the  calyx  vcrv 
short,  and  unequally  and  undulately  crenated.     It 
grows  from  3  ft.  to  4  ft  high,  and  has  purple  floW' 
ers.     Wild  in  Armenia, 
a  R.  j>.  3  rayrHJolium  Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  906.  (and  our 
fig.  1101.),  Don's   Mill.,  has  theleaves  small,  and 
the  flowers  purple.     It  is  a  native  of  Uibraltar. 
■  R.  p.   4  Smilhn  Sat.  Brit.    PL-Gard.  n.  s.   t.  50., 
Uion'i  Mill.,  has  the  leaves  lanceolate,  and  clothed 
with   white   tomentum  beneath ;    corymbs   roany- 
iioi.ii.p.aniiniiiB.  flowered ;    ovarium     to- 

mentose,  and  10-celled. 
The  Rowers  are  of  a  rosy  purple,  ap- 
proaching to  crimson,  et^antly  spotted 
with  black.  A  hytnid,  raised  by  Mr.  Smith, 
at  Coombe  Wood,  from  the  seed  of  R. 
p6nticuni,  inipr^nated  by  the  pollen  of 
R.  arbfireum. 
a  R.  fi.5Z>dwtiG<ir(f.  Afog.  vol.xi.p.  190. — 
Corolla  white  \  the  upper  s^menta  marked 
by  a  few  dull  scarlet  spots.  This  is  a 
most  striking  variety,  originated  by  M. 
Jacob  Makoy. 
%  m  It.  p.  6  (oaieMdet ;  R,  azaleoide*  Detf. ; 

J;.  p. /3  subdectduum  ^nifr.  Bot.  Rep.  t.  i,„,   „ mi., 


XLiii.  £RiCA*CES:  bhodode'ndson.  585 

I   B,  p6nti(Tiini  and 
It  WM  ori^Hted 
about  1880,  and  ia  a  favourite  in  coIlectioiiB. 
■  R.  p.  Ifr^eram  Chandler  {Herb.  Amaryll,    p.  356.)    was  raised  in 

the  Vauxhall  Nursery. 
Ntmery  Vanctiet.     The  following  are  cultivated  by  Mewni,  Loddigea  :  — 


SA  lurgliAiU. 

The  Rhododendron  p6nticum  ia  the  commonest  apeciei  of  the  genus  in 
British  gardena,  where  it  grows  to  the  height  of  from  5  ft.  to  IS  ft.,  or  up- 
wards ;  forming  a  dense  bush,  which  will  apread  over  a  ^sige  apace,  if  it  be 
allowed  abundance  of  room.  In  proper  soil,  if  kept  moist,  the  plant  will 
make  ahooia,  when  joung,  of  1  ft.  or  more  id  length  in  a  season,  attaining  the 
height  of  4  or  5  feet  in  5  or  6  years  :  hut  afterwarda  it  growa  more  slowly  { 
and,  when  a  large  bush,  seldom  makes  shoots  above  6  in.  in  length.  It  af^ 
peara  to  be  of  considerable  duTBbility.  In  cool,  loamy  or  »andy,  and  some- 
what moiat  soils,  it  ia  planted  in  wooda  aa  ornamental  undergrowth,  and 
succeeds  perfectly,  both  in  England  and  Scotland.  It  will  grow  in  almost 
any  soil  ;  but,  in  England,  it  Eeeras  to  thrive  best  in  sandy  peat,  or  deep 
sandy  loam.  In  the  common  manured  earth  of  gardens  it  succeeda  woiae 
than  in  uomonured  loams  of  a  cloae  texture,  even  strong  claya,  particularly 
if  the  latter  be  kept  moist.  The  want  of  tenacity  of  the  manured  garden  soil 
alluded  to,  more  eapedally  in  a  dry  aeaaon,  seems  not  to  allow  it  to  cohere 
sufficiently  to  the  small  hair-like  roots  of  this  order  of  plants,  to  enable  their 
very  minute  spoogioie*  to  imbibe  nourishment  from  it. 
•  S.  B.  ua'iimvm  L.   The  largest  Rhododendron,  or  Atnerican  Bote  Say, 

IdadOlaiaiiit.    Un.  Sp.  PI.,  p.  MI.  t  Don'i  HtU..  S. 

p.  M3. ;  Lodd.  CU.,  ed.  iiW. 
BigTprtmgi.  Lain.  m..)6t.  |  Sctamldt  BvDi.,  t-lll.  I 

•BdoaiAf.liOI. 

Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Arborescent.  Leaves 
elliptic-oblong,  acute,  convex,  bluntish 
at  the  base,  whitish  or  rusty  beneath, 
glabroua.  Calycine  segments  oral- 
obtuse.  8»menta  of  corolla  roundish. 
Flowers  ptue  red,  in  umbellate  co- 
rymbs, studded  with  green,  yellow,  or 
purple  protuberancM,  {Dim't  MiU.) 
An  evergreen  shrub.  Canada  to 
Carolina,  on  the  mountains,  near  rivu- 
Ilea,  ■.miiiimia  '^^  ""^  '^^s,  upon  rocks  and  barren 

soils.      Hdght  10ft.  to  15ft.      Intro- 
duced in  1736.    Flowers  pale  red,  and  yellowish ; 
June   to  Augiust.      Capsules    brown  j    ripe   in 
September. 
yarieSet, 

•  R.  in.  i&Bnaa  Hort.  —  Fbwers  pure  white, 
and  is  comparatively  rare  in  British  gar- 

■  R.  n>.  3  k^ridum  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t.  3454. 
(and  our  fig.  1104..)  B.  frigrans  Hart., 
R.  hybridum  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Supposed  to 
be  a  hybrid  ori^nated  by  fertilising   the 

common    white    glaucous-leaved     Azklea  i 

with  the  pollen  of  B.  miximum.      This  not.  ■.  m.  hitntain. 


586  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITAKNICUH. 

variety  hu  fntgnint  floirera,and,  aceimling  to  Sir  W.  J.  Ht>oker,  ii 

"  amply  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  garden  and  shrubbery." 

Readily  known  from  A.  pi5nticuro  and  R.  catawbi£nK  b;  the  nuty  under 

nir&ceof  the  leavei,  sad  the  comporalively  pale  green  of  the  entireplaot.     It 

neither  grow*  nor  flowen  lo  Ireely  in  Britiib  gardens  aa  the  other  apedes. 

ml  3.  B.  (h.)  PtiHPu'RKUM  G.  Don.     The  purple^/foiwrnf  RhododendTon, 

or  American  Rote  Ilm/. 
Iiltml(fle*lian.    Doo'i  MU],,S.  p.  SU.  _ 

^"f^^^LoM.  Cat. ""™ ''  l™''*"'™  ""■         ■    ■  '■■       ■  ■     ■  ""^ 

" "-     lurA'SCM.lBp.  1108. 


^)ee.  Ckar^   .  „  .  „       .      . 

base,  green,  and  glafarotu  on  both  lurfaces.  S^ments  of  corolla  obloi^ 
and  obtuse.  Calycine  sqgmaits  obtuse.  This  shrub  apprcaches  near  to 
R.  pdnticum  ;  but  it  difiers  in  its  foliaceous  calyx,  and  otherwise.  It 
grows  to  an  immense  size ;  its  stem  being  often  found  19  in.  and  more  in 
diameter  i  and  its  foliage  triple  the  size  of  that  of  any  other  species.  (Don't 
Miii.)  A  laige  erergreen  shrub,  or  low  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina,  on 
the  highest  mountains,  near  lakes.  Height  85  ft. ;  in  England  seldom  seen 
otherwise  than  as  a  shrub.  Introduc^  f.  Plowen  large,  purple;  May 
and  June.     Rare  iu  Britiiih  gardens. 

M  4.  R.  Pv'nsBii  O.  Don.  Purah's  Rhododendron,  or  Amerieam  Bote  Say. 


Svivilfnt.    R.  maximum  fi 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Artiorescent. 
Leaves  cuneate- lanceolate, 
flat,  glabrous,  tapering  gra- 
dually to  the  base,  paler 
beneath.  Calycine  seg- 
ment! oval,  obtuse.  Seg- 
ment»  of  corolUi  roundish 
oblong.  Flowers  white,  and 
smaller  than  those  of  R, 
miximum.  (Don't  Am)  An 
evergreen  shrub.  New  Jersey 
and  Delaware,  in  shady  cedar 
swamps.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft. 
Introduced  in  IB11,  bat  not 
inB.  ■.Pt»M.  common  in  collections.  Row. 

era  white  ;  June  to  August.     The  latest  of  all  the  rhododoidrons  in  British 

gardens.    HorticultursJ  Society's  Garden. 


Btierarintt.  Dot.  Hii«..  t.  IGll.  1  Bol.  C^,l. 
lT76.j  wdourA.  )>M- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  short-ovnl, 
rounded,  and  obtuw  at  botli  ends, 
glabrous,  of  a  different  colour  bo- 


umbellate  corymbs.  (Dan'tMill.)  , 
A  large  evergreen  iihrub.     Virginia  : 
and  Carolina,  particularly  near  the 
head  wulers  of  the  Catawba  Rivct. 
Height  4  ft.      Inlrod.  in  1809    and 


XLIII.    £RICaW£:    AHODODB'nDBOK. 


■.  R.C.  2  RuuetTiiaiuni  Brit.  Fl.-Gard.  2d  aer.t.  91.  — hettvcs  oblong 
Enelj  tomentoae  beneath.     CoTTmba  many-flowered.    Flowen  of  a 
brigbt  rosy  red,  approaching  to  crimion.     A  hybrid  raited  from  the 
seed  of  S.  catawbi^nse,  impregnated  by  the  pollen  of  S.  arbdreum, 
by  Mr.  RusseL  of  Battersea.     A  very  splendid  vaiiety,  but  some- 
what tender. 
m.  R.  t.  8  (^grmwn  Hort. — A  variety  with  a  corolla  much  resembling  thut 
of  R,  c.  RusKlUonum,  but  with  obTioua  spots  on  the  inside. 
It  i*  of  more  robust  growth  than  dlher  R.  pdndcum  or  B,  m&iimum,  but, 
in  other  rcepecti,  seems  intermediate  betweai  them.   There  are  many  hybrids 
in  cultivation  between  it  and  the  former  i^>ecies,  though  without  names. 

■.  6.  R.  cbktba'kthom  L.     the  gMea-Jbmxred  Rhododendron. 
UaUMcaHM.    lis.  Snt.,  US.,  Samil.,  W.  I  Don't  UHL,  1.  p.  SU. 
• ^ .    J!.  oacJnllsiiiUti.  p.  tll.l.  M. 


^Mv.  Oiar.,  ^c.    Leaves  acutish,  attenuated  «t  the  base,  oblong,  gbbroua, 
reticulately  veined,  and  of  a  ru^ty   colour  beneath.     Flowers  and  buds 
clothed  with  rusty  tomentum.     Pedicels  hairy.     Calyx  hardly  any.     Se^ 
ments  of  the  corolla  rounded.      Ovarium   tomentose. 
Branchei  decumbent,  beset  with  rosty  stipule-fbrmed 
scales.     Flowers  handsome,  large,  droojung,  revolute,  A 
rather  irregular,  yellow.    Stigma  5-lobed.  (Dm'i  Milt.)  X. 
A  low  evergreen  undershrub.     Siberia,  on  the  'highest 
monntdns  ;  and  Caucasus  and  Kamtschatka.    Height 
6  in.  ID  1ft.     Introduced  in  1796,  but    not  common 
in  collections,  b^ng  very  ditBcult  to  keep.     Rowers 
yellow )  June  and  July.  hot.  s.  iiuniHiiui>>. 

It  requires  to  be  grown  in  rather   moist   peat,   kept  finn,  in  an   open 

oa'skvm  Pall.     The  Caucasian  Rhododendron. 
1.  n.  1  Don't  UIIL,  I.  p.  Ml. 


Fediuicles  hairy.  Bracteas  elongated,  tomentose. 
Ovarium  downy.  Root  creeping.  Branche*  pro- 
cumbent. Flowers  purple  or  white,  disposed  in 
umbellate  corymbs.  Corollas  rotate,  with  wavy 
rounded  s^ments.  {Don't  MilL)  A  compact  ever- 
green shrub.  CaucaauB,  on  high  rocks,  near  the 
Emits  of  perpetual  snow.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced 
in  1803,  but  rare  in  collections.  Flowers  white 
or  purple ;  August. 


m.  R.C.  2  Uramtneum  Hook.  Bot.  Mag.  t,  3422.  —  Corollas  straw-co- 
loured.    A  plant  of  this  variety  in  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden,  in 


IS  fine  leaJV  branches  terminated  with  cluaters  of  large,  beautiful, 

Blrawcoloured  flowers.     The  climate  of  Scotland  seems  to  suit  this, 

and  Bome  of  the  other  species  found  in  the  coldest  parts  of  the 

Russian  empire,  better  than  that  of  the  South  of  Eo^and. 

R.  r.  3  pulchenimum  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  I.  1880.  f.  2.  —  A  hybrid  ob- 


18  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BKITANMCUH. 

tained  b;  Mr.  Waterer  of  the  Knt^hfll  Uunery,  between  B,  artid- 
reum  and  R.  caucisicuin,  in  I83S{  s  most  beautiiui  variety,  quite 
hardy,  and  an  abundnnl  flowerer. 
a.  R.  c.  1  A'biArkiium  Hort.  (Bat.  lUs.,  t.  1B20.  f.  I.)  ia  a  h;^brid,  vexj 
much  like  the  preceding  one  b  aS  respects,  except  that  ita  Sowers 
are  of  a  deep  and  brilliant  rose  colour, 
m.  8-  ft.  PUNCtaM'uh  Andr,     The  dotted-^nmed  Rhododendron. 

Ulll.,».p.IM 


femi^Dnmi  Tar.  mlnui  fin.  Eact.  I.p.<ra. ;  it. 

Ft.  Sor.  Amer.   L    p.150.  \    JL  puacMtum  T«r. 

Bitniu  tfau.  i)«d.  SHf.  16*.  A. 
S^ToAwl.    Andr.  Bat  It«|i.,  ««.{  Dud.  Brit.,  t.  IGl.  i .;  iid 
(»r.M.lun. 

^Ktr.  CfloT.,  ^.  Leaves  oral-lanceolate^  acute  at 
both  ends,  glsbrous,  beset  with  ms^  resuious 
dots  beneath.  Pedicels  short.  Calydne  teeth 
short.  Segments  of  corolla  orat^  a  little  und^ 
lated.  Flowers  pink, 
disposed  in  umbellate  ! 
corymbs.  Corollas  fun* 
nel.«haped.  Capsules 
elongated.  {Don't 

Miii.)     A  low  ever-  ^  ' 
green  shrub.  Carolina, 
on    mountains,    parti- 
culariy    at  the    head    : 
waters  of  the  Savannah 
River.      Height  4  ft.    ■ 
Introd.  1786.  Flowers 
1109.  K.  pwimuiin.  pink;  July  and  August.  mo.  ii.r-"tjm. 

n.  R.p.2  mdjtii  Ker.  (Bot.  Reg,,  t.  37.  >  and  our  j^.  1 1 10.)  —  Leaves 

and  flowers  larger. 

■.  9.  B.  FBHRtiQi'NBUU  L.     The  rusty-leaved  Rhododendron. 

UtlltiJIalhin.    Lln.Sp.,Kl.;Dl>n1MUI..3.p.  SM. 

^ce.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  oblong,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous,  shining 
and  green  above,  but  thickly  beset  with  rusty  dots  beneath.  Calycine  seg- 
ments dentately  ciliated.  Leaves  Uke  . 
those  of  the  box  tree;  when  youne,  cili-  t 
ated  with  a  few  liairs  at  bottom.  Flowers  ^ 
of  a  beautiful  rose  colour  or  scarlet,  dis- 
posed in  umbellate  corymbs,  marked  with 
ash-roloured  or  yellow  dots.  Corollas  j 
funnel-shaped.  Filaments  hairy  at  bottom.  * 
(Don't  Mill.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub. 
Alps  of  Switzerland,  Austria,  Bavoy,  Dau- 
phiD^,  and  Piedmont ;  where  this  spedes 
and  Jt.  liirsLitum  terminate  ligneous  v^e> 
tation,  and  furnish  the  shepherds  with 
their  only  fuel.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced 
in  1752,     Flowers  rose-coloured  or  sc:arlet ;  May  to  July. 

a.  n./ SiUiuni  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Flowers  whit& 

B.  10.  A.  (?p.)iiia5u'Ti;M  £..    The  huiy  Rhododendron. 

limtflaala*.    Lln.Sp..3e3.;  n«>'tHII1..g.p.M4. 

Etigratinft.    Bot.  Uii(,  t.  ]»9S.  i  Do«.  C■t^,t  4711  j  miooxjlt-  lilt- 


XLIII.    £RICA^CE£:    RHODODE'NDRON. 

/^»ee.  Char„  Spe,     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  or  elliptic, 

acutiih,  ciliated  witii   rusty  hairs  on   tlie    margins, 

glabrous  above,  dotted  and  hairy  beneath.     Calyclne 

s^ments  fringed,   bearded.      Flowers  pale   tcA  or 

scarlet,  disposed   in   umbellate  corymbs.      Corollas 

funnel<sbaped.    (Don't   Miii.)       A    low    evergreen 

shrub,     Alps  of  Switzerland,  Austria,  Styria,  Dau- 
phin^ &c.    Height  i  ft,  to  2  ft.     Introduced  in  1056. 

Flowen  pale  rea  or  scarlet ;  May  to  July. 
Variety. 

n.  R.  (/.)  h.  2  varitgAhiitt.  —  Leaves  edged  with 
yellow.  Possibly  only  a  variety  of  the  pre- 
ceding species. 

«.  11.  A.sBT0'suH   D.Don.     The  bristly  Rhododendron. 
I4mificaliim.    D.  Den  In  Woni.  Sm  Tnni.,  1.  p.  «M. )  Don't  Mill.,  &  p.  S44. 
Ettgriwim^.    OarJIg.  1113.  from  ■  ipfldmen  In  tbe  taflrbanmo  of  ProliHior  DflCudolle. 
l^c.  Char.,  ^.     Bninchlets  beset  with  bristles.     Leaves  oval, 

bristly  on  the  margins  and  under  surfaces.     Pedicels  beset  with  gkuidular 

hairs.      Calydne   segments    rounded,   coloured, 

nalied,  crenulated.    A  small,  sti^  much-branched 

■hrub.      Leaves   half  an   inch    long.      Flowers 

purple,  size  of  those  of  R.  diiuricum,  disposed  in 

umbellate  corymbs.      Catyx  purple.     Filaments 

bearded  at  the  base.      Stigma  capitate.  (Don't 

Mill.)     A  low  evergreen  shrub.     Nepal,  in  Gos- 

saintnan.     Height  6  in.  to   1  ft.     Introduced  in 

1S85,  but  rare.     Flowers  purple  ;  May. 

a.  R.  macropkyUura  D.  Don  {G.  Don'i  MSL,  iii. 

I.  643.)   is  a  native   of  the   north-west  coast   of 

J<orth    America,   where   it  was   collected  by   Mr. 

Menzjes;    and  there  are  specimens  in   Mr.  Lam-  itis.  a.Mt«i. 

bert's  herbarium  ;  but  the  plant  has  not  yet  been 

introduced.  The  petioles  of  the  leaves  are  1  in.,  and  th^  disks  from 
7  in.  to  8  in,  long ;  and  the  flowers  are  smaller  than  those  of  R.  m^imum,  and 
white. 

$  ii,  Booram. 

DtTiratitm.    TbaBsmkoTX.arUmim  b  Kepd. 

Sect.  Char^  ^c.      limb  of  calyx  A-lobed.     Corolla  campanulate.     Evergreen 

trees  or  shrubs,  natives  of  the  Himalayas,  and  other  mountainous  regions 

of  Northern  India.    One  species  is  hardy  in  British  gardens. 
■  IS.  R.  CAMPANULA'rrii  D.Don.    The  bell-shape-jfoiwrrerf  Rhododendron. 
HettHfeiiatm.    D.  Donln  W«ni.  W«in.,  ».  p.Wfl.;  ProiJ.  F1.  Nm.,  p.  IM -.  Dtm'l  Mill.,  1.  p.  W4. 
Ungnnimp.    Lodd.  BM.  Ob.,  t.  1M4. ;  Bwl.  F].-6iM.,M  t.,  t.  ^1. 1  iadoiir;t(.  1114. 
^ec.  Char.,  ^.      Leaves  ellipdc-oblong,   mu- 

cronate,  rusty  beneath,  rather  cordate  at  the 

base.     S^ments  of  corolla  flat,  emarginate. 

Ovarium  S^celled,  glabrous.     Under  eurTaces 

of  leaves  clothed  with  fine  scaly  pubescence, 

at  first  of  a  purplish  hue,  then  changing  to 

nearly  white,  and  afieTwards  to  a  deep  fei^ 

ruginous  brown.     Flowers  copious,  disposed 

in   corymbtMe  clusters.      Pedicels  glabrous.  ^ 

Bracteas  fringed.     Corollas  larce,  pale  pink, 

changing    to   white,    having    tne   upper   lip 

marked  with  irregular  purple  spets.      Fila- 
ments bearded  at   the   base.      This   species 

surpasses    all   others    in    the    rize    of   its  mi.  ■.  <h.ib.iuui. 


S. 


590 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


flowers,  except  one  found  in  Java  by  Dr.  Horsfield.  {DotCt  Mill,)  A 
glabrous  evergreen  shrub.  Nepal,  on  Gossainthan.  Height  3  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1825.     Flowers  pale  pink,  changing  to  white  ;  April. 

A  beautiful  and  very  distinct  species,  and  quite  as  hardy  in  British  gardens 
as  any  of  the  American  kinds. 

WtododSndron  arbdreum  Smith.— Several  hybrids  between  this  species  and 
R.  p6nticum  and  R.  catawbi^nse  have  been  raised,  but  those  only  between 
the  American  and  the  more  northerly  European  species  have  been  found 
tolerably  hardy. 

R.  a,  venuaium  D.  Don  (Brit.  Fl.*Oard.  May,  1835,  2d  ser.  t.  285.)  is  a 
hybrid,  and  an  exceedingly  showy  and  interesting  plant.  It  was  raised  by 
Mr.  Wm.  Smith,  nurseryman^  Morbiton  Common,  near  Kingston,  Surrey, 
from  seeds  of  R,  caucdsicum  that  had  been  fertilised  by  the  pollen  of  R, 
arb6reum  ;  and  appears  sufficiently  hardy  to  survive  our  winters  with  a  little 
protection. 

$  iii.   Pogoninthum, 

Derimtiom.    From  p9j^  a  beard,  and  oitMof,  a  flower ;  throat  woolly  inilde. 

Sect,  Char,  Limb  of  calyx  short,  5-lobed.  Corolla  salver-shaped,  with  a  cy- 
lindrical tube,  and  a  spreading  limb.  Stamens  5,  enclosed.  Ovarium  5-celled. 
Evergreen  shrubs.    Leaves  coriaceous. 

tt.  13.  iZ.  ANTHOPO^ON  D.  Don,   The  bearded-flowered 

Rhododendron. 

IdaUiftcaH<m.  D.  Don  in  M§m.  Wem.  Sec,  8.  p.  409.  \  0on't  Mill.,  S.  p.845i 

Sanonifme.    R.  arom&tioam  WalL  Cat 

Bngraaingi.    Rojie  llluit.,  1 61  f.  8. ;  and  oaxjig,  1116. 

Spec,  Char,,  cf-c.  Branchlets  downy.  Leaves  oval,  rusty 
beneath  from  lepidoted  tomentum.  Corollas  with  a  woolly 
throat.  Shrub  much  branched.  Leaves  ending  in  a 
reflexed  mucro,  naked  above.  Flowers  glomerate,  sulphur- 
coloured.  Pedicels  short,  lepidoted,  and  resinous.  Caly- 
cine  s^^euts  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  villous  maigins. 
Segments  of  corolla  roundish,  with  undulated  curled 
margins.  Filaments  glabrous.  Stigma  davate.  (^DcfiC»MUl,) 
An  upright  evergreen  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  R,  daikricum. 
Nepal,  on  Gossainthan.  Height  1ft.  to  lift.  Intro- 
duced in   1820.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  very  interesting  species,  from  the  colour  of  its  flowers 
and  their  early  app^ance.  Plants  have  survived  the 
winter  of  1837-8  in  the  Hackney  Arboretum.  1115, 


$  iv.  LejApherum  D.  Don. 

DeriwUlan.    FTom  lepU^  a  icale,  and  pherot  to  bear ;  learea  corered  with  email  leales. 

Sect,  Char,    Limb  of  calyx  dilated,  5-lobed.     Corolla  campanulate  or  rotate. 
.  Stamens  10.  Ovarium  5-celIed.  Leaves  membranous ;  sometimes  deciduous, 
but  generally  persistent.     Shrubs,  evergreen  or  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Eu- 
rope, North  America,  and  the  Himalayas. 

U  14.  R,  LAPPO^NicuM  Wahl,    The  Lapland  Rhododendron. 

Tdent^eatioH,    Wabl.  Fl.  Saec.,  p.  S49. :  Don*!  Mill.,  a.  p.  84A. 

Synot^met.    AsAlea  lapp6ntca  Lm.  Fl.  Smee*  p.  64.,  4».  t.  214. ;  A.  ferruglnea  HorL 

En.grtning$,    Bot.  Mag.,  t  3106. ;  and  ovajtg.  1116. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Shrub  branched,  procumbent.  Branches  divaricate.  Co- 
rollas rotately  funnel-shaped.  Young  branches  obscurely  pubescent,  warted. 
Leaves  oblong,  obtuse,  stifl^  beset  with  honeycomb-like  dots,  yellowish  and 
scaly  beneath  ;  deep  green  above ;  and  pale  green,  and  at  length  yellowish, 
beneath ;  thickly  beset  with  hollow  dots  on  both  surfaces,  which  are  covered 


XLIII.    jEHICA  CEA  :    flHODODE  NDROK. 

by  uutbilicate  permanent  scalea.  Flowers  crimBOD, 
disposed  in  umbellate  corymbs,  5—6  ti^ether,  sur< 
rounded  by  Inrge  dotted  icale^  or  broctcas.  Calyx 
covered  with  yellov  scales,  ciliated.  Segments  of 
corolla  unequal,  and  undulated.  Stamens  fi— S,  equab 
in  length  to  the  corolla.  Sdgma  capitate,  5-iobed. 
Filaments  hiury  at  the  base.  {Drm'i  JUili.)  A  procum- 
bent evergreen  shrub.  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America, 
in  the  Arctic  r^ons.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in 
1826.     Flowers  crimsoQ  ;  May. 

■  )£.  H.  dau'bicum  L.    The  Dahurian  Rhododendron. 

MrwUffealiim.    Lin.  Sp..  Ml  i  Don'i  MUI.,  S.  d.  SW. 

Eim^'-     Pill-  ".  Rou.,  I.  g-tl-Lta.;  But.  Hag., t. SSS. (  (ad dot 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  dedduous ;  oblong,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous, 
but  sprinkled  with  rusty  scales,  espedalty  beneath.  Limb  of  calyx  5-toolbed. 
Corollas   rotate.      Roots   knobbed,  abounding  in  fibres.     Stems    twisted 
and  knobbed  in  the  wild  state.     Petioles  downy.     LesTes  dotted  on  both 
Bucfaces,  but  ferruginous  beneath.     Before  they  nil  in  autumn,  tbey  become 
of  a  dusky  red  colour.     The  flowers  rise  before  the  leaves, 
from  the  tops  of  the  branches,  from   buds  which  are  com- 
posed of  concave  downv  scales.  {Doa'i  ABU.)    A  deciduous 
shrub.    Siberia,  peculiar  to  tbe  alpine  tracts  of  Eastern 
Asia.    Hri^t  2  ft.  to  6  ft.    Introduced  in  1780.    Flowers 
purple  i  DMember  to  March. 

A  «  R.  li  8  atrovitvTu  Ker.  (Bot.  Reg.,  1. 194 ;  Bot.  Mag, 
L  1888.)  —  Sub-evergreen.     Leaves  deep  green,  and 
shining  above ;  persistent.    Siberia. 
Very  desirable  low  shrubs,  from  their  flowering  so  early  in 
the  season;   but,  to  thrive,  thej  require  peat  soil.  hit.  a-iutrtcnn. 

R.  ItjM&tum  Wall.  (Rovle  Illust.,  p.  860.  t.  64.  f.  1.  ;  Don's  Mill.,  3.  p.  B4fi.) 
is  a  native  of  Nepal,  wiui  the  habit  of  R.  diiilricum,  but  with  leaves  of  a 
thinner  texture;  and  with  every  part  of  the  plant  beset  with  femigiuous 
scale-like  dots.     It  grows  to  the  height  of  S  or  3  feet,  but  has  not  yet  been 


j  T.  CkamaoMtut  D.  Don. 

DtrtnUem.    From  ciamal,  on  Uia  (mmid,  md  cMw,  tit  rock  roia 


Sect.  Char.     Umh  of  calyx  ibliaceous,  fi-cteft.    Corolla  rotate.     Stamens  10. 
Ovarium  £-cdled.      Diminutive,  prostrate,   evergreen 
shrubs,  with  small  membranous  leaves. 

I.  16.  R.  cimtsgha'ticuh  PaU.     The  Kamtschatka 
Rhododendron. 

IdaU^katiKL     PlU.  fl.  Il«M.,  l.a4S.La.|D(Hl-lNlU.,S.pLS4t. 

fiwrmtvK    OmcL  Rib.,  4.  |L  lis.  No.  IS.  I  laioar/g.  11 18. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  acutish,  5-nerved, 
naked,  ciliated  j  peduncles  hairy,  usually  twin.  CalV' 
cine  B«frments  ciliated,  foliaceous.  Corollas  purple, 
rotate.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  prostrate  evergreen  shrub. 
Kamtscbntka  and  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  muddy 
places  on  the  mountains.  Height  6  in.  to  1  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1808,  but  rare  In  Bntish  gardens.  Flow- 
ers purple;  July.  rm  ■  nr»Mjiiirii» 


592  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

U   17,  R.  Chabaci'stus  L,    The  Ground-CUtus  Rhododendron. 

Utmtlfcatiim.    lia.  Sp.,r«l.;  Don't  Mill..),  p.  8M. 

£lVr>*nV'     But.  Ha«.,  L  4«S.  i  BM.  Cab.,  t.  MBI.  ;  uid  ourjlg.  IIIS. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-laDceolatc,  attenuated  at  bolbenda,stiffi3h,g^- 
dularly  ciliated.     Peduncles  usually 
twin,  and,  bm   well  ea  the  calyxes,  ^ 
heaet  with  glandular  hair*.     Corollas  ^ 
rotate,  pale    purple.   {Don't  Mil.) 
A  dwarf  tufted  evergreen  shrub,  with 
Email  leaves,  about  the  size  of  those 
of  a  apeciea  of  Ueli&nthemum.    Alps 
of  Austria,  Camiola,  Mount  Baldo, 
and  near  Salzburg ;  and  in  Eastern 
Siberia.    Height  6  in.    Introd.  ITBO. 
Flowers  pur|ue  i  May  and  June. 

j  vi.    Pentanthera  D.  Don. 

Sect.  Char.  Limb  o(  calyx  short,  5-lobed.  Corolla  funael-shaped.  Sta- 
mens S.  Orarium  &4:elled.  Leaves  deciduous.  This  group  includes  the 
hardy  azaleas  of  the  gardens,  which  have  mostly  deciduous  leaves,  and  are 

auite  distinct  in  their  appearance  from  ihe  plants  of  the  preceding  groups  of 
lis  genus,  which  are  all  evergreen  and  sub-evergreen.  After  Mr.  Don's  name, 
we  have  given  the  name  previously  applied,  and  then  the  common  English 
name,  leaving  them  to  be  adopted  by  the  practical  gardener,  if  he  should 
think  fit.  At  the  same  time,  those  who  prefer  followins  Mr.  Don  have  onl} 
to  pass  over  the  names  which  we  have  put  in  parenthesiE. 
m  18.  B.  flaVum  G.  Don.    (Au'lu  ro-Hnct  L.)    The  Pontic,  or  eomvum, 

titnlilkaOim.    Dsn'l  HID.,  1.  p.  SIT. 

Sunnifvui.     AhUh  ptSUla  Lht.  Bp.  IK9.  ;  AbU«  urbtiru  Lflt.  Stt.  cd.  1 ,  p.  ltd 

Engratlrngt.    Bat,  Mai-,  t-  U8S-;  and  oat  Jig.  1130. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Flowers  leafy,  clammy.  Leaves 
ovate  oblong,  pilose,  ciliated,  Corolk  funnel- 
shuied.  Stamens  very  long,  {Don't  Miil.)  A 
deciduokis  shrub.  Levant,  Pontus,  Caucasus, 
Asiatic  Turkey,  &c.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1793.  Rowers  yellow ;  May 
and  June. 

Varieliet  and  Hj/Mdt.     There  are  a  great  number 
of  varieties  of  this  species  in  the  gardens,  dif-   , 
fering  principally  in  the  colour  of  their  flowera,  i 
and  the  hue  of  the  leaves.     The  Sowers  of  the 
species  are  of  a  fine  bright  yellow  ;  but  those 
of  the  varieties  are  of  dl  shades,  from  yellow  „„   j,  nma. 

to  copper,  or  orange  colour ;  and  they  arc  some- 
times of  a  pure  white,  or  of  white  striped  with  yellow  and  red.  Besides, 
as  this  species  seeds  freely,  and  is  easily  cross-fecundated  with  the  North 
American  species,  an  immense  number  of  varieties  of  it  have  been  origin- 
ated in  British  and  Continental  gardens.  The  varieties  and  hybrids  which 
are  considered  as  belonging  to  Azalea  ptintica,  which  are  given  in  Loddiges's 
CalaJogne  tor  1836,  are  tbe  following,  but  new  kinds  are  ori^mUed  every 
year,  sni]  we  therefore  refer  to  tbe  yearly  catalogues  of  nurserymen. 

A.  p.  3  4119a.  4cTDFUa.       GBtmiABL       SeUlloa.  10  ochroletica.       13  trfnlor. 

S  HirfaUi.       S  capTa.        T  (Ugnu.        3  fgn6*i™t.       II  piUllda. 

J,  19.  »,(iudiflo"ru»  Torr.  (Au'isiBUDiPLo-a.i.)  The  naked-flowered  Azalea. 


XLITI.    £RICACE£:    RHODODENDRON.  593 

Spec.  CAar.,  if-r.  Leaves  lanceolate^blong,  nearly  gmooth,  and  green  on  both 
surfaces,  ciliated  on  the  margins,  having  ihe  midrib  briatly  beneath,  and 
voolly  above.  Flowers  rather  naked,  not  clammy, 
scarlet,  pink,  white,  striped,  variegated,  red,  purple, 
&c.,  disposed  in  terminal  clustered  racemes,  ap- 
pearing before  the  leaves.  Tube  of  corolla  longer 
than  uie  divisions.  Teeth  of  calyx  short,  ratber 
rounded.  Stamens  much  eiserled.  (^Don't  MiU.) 
A  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Georgja,  on  the 
sides  of  hiUa,  Height  3ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced, 
in  1734.  Flowers  of  various  colours;  April  to 
June.     Capsule  brown. 


It  is  the  parent  of  numerous  varie^es,  and,  in  con- 
unetJon  with  the  preceding  species,  of  many  beautiful 
hybrids.  iiii.  a.B^iH.^ 

Varieliei  and  Secd&ngt. 

a  R.  n,  I  coecineum  D.  Don.  Azilea  n.  coccfnea  Simi  But.  Mag.  t. 
180. —  Flowers  scarlet,  and  the  leaves  lanceolate.  It  is  a  native 
of  Georgia,  near  Savannah. 

•  R.  n.  8  ruHlam  B.  Don.     A.  n.  rfltilans 

Aii.  Hurt.  Kew.  p.  319.  ;  A.  periclyme- 
ntiides  rutilans  Fwih.  Fl.  Amer,  Sept.  i. 
p.  158.,  and  our /fe.  1122.  — The  flowers 
are  deep  red.    CalvKCs  minute. 

•  R.  n.  3  rartieim  D.  Don.    A.  n.  cirnes  Ait, 

1.  c.,  Bot.  Reg.  t.  ISO.  ;  A.  p.  cimea 
Purih  I.  c.  —  The  corollas  are  pale  red, 
having  the  tube  red  at  the  base,  and  the 
calyx  foliaceouB. 
■  B.  n.  4  iWum  D.  Don.  A.  n.  &lba  M.  I. 
c;  A.  p.  alba  PuriA. — The  flowers  white, 
and  the  calyx  middle-sized. 

•  R.  fl.  G  papUumAantm  D.  Don.     A.  p.  ps- 

piltonjicea  Purth. — Flowers  reddish,  with 
the  lower  segment  while,  anil  the  calyx 
foliaceous. 
k  R-  n.  6  partUmn  D.  Don.  A.  p.  partita 
Ptirih.  —  The  flowers  are  pale  red,  5- 
-  parted,  even  to  the  base. 

■  ■■"■■•"'■*  A  R,  n.  7  poiydndmm  D.  Don.     A.  p.  poly- 

iodn  Purth  I.  c.  —  Flowers  of 
a  rose  colour,  short.  Stamens 
10—20.  It  is  found  near  Phi- 
ladelphia. 
Farietiet  and  Hybridt  chiefly  raised  at 
High  Clere. 

•  R.  n.  8  Gonmiiknum  D.  Dim 
(Brit  FL-Gard  ,  Hi.  1. 263. !  and 
our^.  1123.)— The  branches 
tomentosely  downy.  Leaves 
evergreen  or  deciduous,  oblong, 
acute,  downy  while  young,  but 
glabrous  in  the  adult  state,  and 
recurved  at  the  apex.  Tube  of 
corolla    a    tittle    shorter   than  >id   K-n-avtuu-mm. 


ARBORETUM    BT   FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

the   BCgmenU.       Fowers   delicate  H^ht  purple,   duposed   in   tei 
minal  rHcemoae  corjmbs.     It  is  a  hybrid  rus^  from  the  teed  of  A 


nudiftora  impregnated  b^  the  polleo  of  a  hybrid  raised  between  R. 
pijnticuin  and  B.  catavvbienae. 
A  R.  n.  9  ribnim  Lodd.Bot.  Cat),  t.  51.  —  Flowers  red. 

•  R.  B.  10  eiimum  D.  Don,  — Raised,  in   1829,  fiom  aeeds  of  R.  nudi- 

fldrum  coccloeum  mijua.to  which  pollen  of  ifhodod^ndronarbdreum 
had  been  uiplied.  It  resembles  its  female  parent,  having  very  little 
affinity  with  R.  aiMreum,  except  in  its  evergreen  leaves  and  decan- 
drous flowers. 
«  R.  n.  II  Ot^riMnm  Bot.  R%.  1367,,  aod  our  fi^.  1124.— Ruted  at 
High  aere  in  1635  or  before. 

•  B.  n.  18  tdrUiUani  Bot.   Reg.   1461.,  end  our  fig.  1125.— Raised  at 

High  Clere  in  1835  or  before. 

•  R.  n.  13  Seymoin.  Bot.   Reg.    1975..  and  our^.  1 186.— Raised  at 

High  Clere  in  1835  or  before. 


*  SO.  B.  (n.)  Bi'coLOK  O.Don.  (A. (n.)M'eoio«ftH»».)      Tbe  two-colourod- 

jhtoertd  Azalea. 
Mn^lwtoii.    Dan-iHia.,l.p.  HT. 

^™?CSor  ^«.  Aforf."  ™.  1.  ».  SI?*'    ■'■■■'  " 

SHgnrrimgi.    Tnv  KhrM.  U.  i  ud  ourjV-  tIM. 
^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oblong,  clothed  on  both  lur- 

bces  with  fine  hoar;  pubescence,  not  bristly  on  the 

nerve.     Flowers  small,  not  clammy,  naked,  smaller 

and  more  slender  than  those  of  most  of  the  other 

species.      Tube  of  corolU  hardly  longer  than  the 

Foments.      Calyxes   very    short;   having   one    of 


XLIII.    £K1Ca'cE£:    RKODOCE'NDnON.  595 

BT,  and  4  timea  longer  than  the  re*t.  FilanienU  ei- 
K^nchletB  hiapid.  {Don't  MiS.)  A  deciduoui  tlirub.  Carolina 
and  Oe<^la,  on  barren  sandy  hills.  H^ghc  3fl.  to41l.  Introduced  in 
1734^     FTowera  red  and  white  i  May. 

•   81.    It.  (h.)  ClLSKDULACEUlf  TOlT.   (A.  (H.)  CIITOUU-Cti  tfltltl.i      The 

Marigoldjbuwrfd  Azalea. 

SaitraHu^.    Bot.llig..l.in.(Bot.Cib.,t.l>»«.iBat.Bc»,t.lUt.| 

^lec.  Char.,  4v.     Leavei  oblong,  pubescent  on  both  nir- 

facei,   but    afterwardB    hiury.       Flowers    targe,    not 

clammy,  rather  naked.     Teeth  of  calyx  oblong.     Tube 

of  corolla  hury,  shorter  than  the  s^mentj.    (Don't 

JUUL)      A  deciduous  shrub.     North  America,  from 

Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.     Height  8  ft,  to  6  ft.     In- 
troduced   in   1806,       Flowers    yellow,   red,  orange- 

eoloured,  or  copper<oloured  ;  May  and  June.  i,^  ii.(ii.)aiHUkcMn. 

rarirtiei. 

•  R.C.  8  MorteiiiSurl.  FL^ard.  ads.  10,— A  hybrid  betwecD  JI.  calen- 

duticeum  and  one  of  the  red  varieties  of  R. 
Dudifldnun,  of  wbicb  there  are  two  subrarieties; 
one  with  a  flesh-coloured  corolla,  having  the 
upper  segment  orange-coloured,  edged  with 
Besb-colour,  called  R.  Mortern  c<imeum ;  and 
another,  called  S.  Mortern  var.  prte'stana,  with 
pale  copper-coloured  flowers,  tinged  with  blu^. 

•  R.  c.  S/&igidum   Hoot.     A.  cfiflgida  flbr/.— 

Corollas  of  an  orange-red  colour,  with  bright 
green  leave*,  which  spread  out  beneath  the 
c  rymbs  of  flowers,  and  form  a  rich  back- 
g;round  to  them. 

•  R.   c.  4  lifidam  Bot.   Ri^.    t.  1448,  and  our 

j^.  1130.  — Raised  at  High  Clere.  n^i,  ^.^pu^ 

*  32.  R.  canb'sckns  G.  Don.  (A.o.Brtcmi  wic*..)  The  canescent  Aialea. 

UraiificBiioH.    Don'iIfUI.,  3.  p.  a 

e-traritn.    LaU.  BoLCj-    '" 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  obovate- oblong,   downy  above,  and  ti 

Death,  not  brisdy  on  the  middle  nerve.  Flowers  not  cLimmv,  nearly  naked. 
Tube  of  corolla  hardly  shorter  than  the  s^ments.  Teeu  of  calyx  very 
short,  rounded,  obtuse.  Stamens  hardly  exaerted.  (Don't  Mill,')  A  deci- 
duous shrub.  Lower  CaroUna,  on  the  banka  of  rivers.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  h. 
Introduced  in  1818.     Ptowers  rose- col oureit ;  Ha;  and  June. 


•  83.  A.  tisco'sum7W.(a.tiici>1i£.)    Tie  clammy- 
Jloivered  Azalea. 

l^ec.  Char.,  (^c.  Leaves  obtong-obuvate,  acute,  smooth 
andgreen  on  both  aurGiceSt  ciliated  on  the  margins, 
having  the  midrib  bristly.  Flowers  produced  in 
terminal  cluaters;  and  clammy,  leafy,  and  hairy. 
Tube  of  corolla  as  long  as  the  segments.  Teeth  of 
the  calyx  short,  rounded.  Stamens  hardly  longer 
than  the  corolU.  (Don't  MHi.)     A  deciduous  shrub. 


596 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Canada  to  Georgia,  in  swamps  and  shady  woods  Height 
2  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1734.  Flowers  white,  sweet- 
scented  ;  July  and  August. 

Varieties  and  Ifybrids, 

A  R.  V.  2  omhium  Swt.  Fl.-Gard.  2d  s.  t.  137.  (and 
our  fig.  1 132.) —  A  hybrid  raised  from  the  seed  of 
R,  viscdsum  /3  rubescens,  fertilised  by  the  pollen 
of  /Rhododendron  pdnticum.  It  is  evererc^n  or 
sub-evergreen,  as  are  all  the  hybrids  of  similar 
parentage.  iist.  R.y. 

The  Varieties  and  Hybrids  of  A.  viscosa,  in  Loddiges's  Catalogue  for  1836, 
are  as  follows :  — 


A.  T.  8  &lba. 
Scrlspa. 
4detfMU. 


A,  Varieties, 

5  penlcilliu. 

6  pne^cox. 

7  pub6scenf . 


8  rariegiUa. 
9Titt4ta. 
10  Flolc  odbre. 


B.  HyhridoB  altticlerenses.      Ht/brids  raised  at 
High  Clere  in  1830  or  bcfire. 


11  amoB^ia. 
19  actiniU. 

13  Attr6r«. 

14  buillsM. 

15  calod^ndron. 

16  c«loc6rTphc. 

17  Cartte/a.  (Jig,  1133.) 

18  charlitsa. 

19  cocclnea  n6bllls. 

20  eudc^Don. 
81  etiprepcs. 
88  Govhaia. 

83  Herberu^MA. 


94  Imneritrix. 
85  inclyta. 
aS^asminoddra. 

87  Itoida. 

88  octirole&ca. 
80  polktla. 

30  p6ntica  Howtard. 

h^xapla. 

31  pulch^lla. 
38refrili« 

83  rbgens. 

84  thjrsifldnu 


1 133.    A.  ▼.  CattbniM. 


C.  H^brida  belgitw.     Hybrids  raised  in  Belgium  in  1829  or  be/vre. 


35  Agate. 

36  ilbo  pldno. 

37  am&blliB. 

38  omarintina. 

39  amoenluima. 

40  Ardent. 

41  iUro-rfkbeni. 

48  aurintia  m&xlma. 

43  blandlna 

44  calondulikea  globbsa. 

inilgnlf. 
ndra. 
top6rba. 
45cardon. 

46  coocinea  mlixiina 

■pecldMu 

47  condnna. 

48  oordicana. 
49cr6cea. 

globdta. 
SOcmfota. 
51  cQprea, 

fiba. 

^legana- 

exlmla. 

globdia. 

riibra. 

aplfodena. 
SSdeooritc 
68  dteus  hortftrum. 
54  dulcMo. 
55el£cca. 


d£cta  maxima. 
rObra. 
66  elegantluima. 
57  exquiiita. 
68  Ferr6ektf. 
50  flamboyante. 

60  r61gida. 

61  ftflTa. 

63  gldrla  mlkiidL 
maxima 
minor. 

63  GulKlmuf  prhnuB. 

64  bifida  coccifera. 

oocclnoa. 
nivea. 

65  incamiUa  mixlma. 

rtkbra. 

66  M>pi(ia- 

67  Ifttea  rubicdnda. 

68  magnifica. 

69  marttima  incarnita. 

70  minUlta. 

71  mir&bUb. 

78  mixta  trltfmphaot. 

73  m6nlca 

74  Mortbrii. 

75  nh  pl(ia  (iltra. 

76  ntfMlU. 

77  n6ritas  antllk^iceiu. 

78  noritilta. 

79  6pdma. 

80  omiu  pilllda. 


81  piciarkta. 

88  p6otlca  ^obdaa. 

Koniok. 

tricolor  T«r. 

83  prantantfMlma. 

84  pulchMla 
85punlcoia 
86r6cqiil. 

87  reglna  bttgf ca. 

88  rettantiBdma. 

89  rfglda  tneamita. 
OOrobOita 

91  rQbra  aurAntia. 

raiva 

98rubrldlta 
98  sanguinea. 

94  Satdm/. 

95  levdra 
96Bped65a. 

97  ipedoslMima. 

98  apl^ndena. 

99  apltedlda 

100  tulphilraa. 

101  fuperba. 

103  tricolor  Jao&btf. 

WoUt 
108  trltimphans. 

104  varie^^ta. 

105  Tcndita 

106  venuttlMiiiUL 

107  venlccrior. 


ji  24'.  R.  (v.)  QLAu'cuM  G,  Don,  (A.  (V.)  GLAu^'cA  Pmrsk,}  The  glaucout 

leaved  Azalea. 

IdetU&lcatifM.    Don*s  Mill.,  3.  p.  848. 

Sifnon^mes,    AxUea  ^aUca  Pm-nh  Sepi.  1.  p.  164. ;  AsAlea  rifcdsa  var.  ftoribtinda  Aii,  OsrU 

1.  p.  819. 
Engrtningi.    Dend.  Brit,  t.  5. ;  and  our  Af*  1134. 


XLiit.  skica'cea:  ahodode'ndrom.  5d7 

S^Kv.  Ckar.,  Spc.  Branchlets  h'ltpid.  Leaves  oblanceolate, 
acute,  glabrous  on  both  Burfaces,  glaucous  beneath,  cili- 
ated on  the  utargins,  having  the  midrib  bristly.  Flowers 
very  ctaMniy,  leafy.     Tube  of  corolla  twice  longer  than  I 

the  seginenu.    Calyx  very  short.    Filaments  about  equal  ^ 

in  length  to  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  (lion'i  MiiL) 
A  deciduous  sbrub.  New  England  to  Virginia,  in 
swamps  in  clayey  soil.  Height  3ft.  Introduced  in  1734. 
Flowers  white;  June  and  July. 

This   Hhrub   is  dwarfer  ChaD   any  of  the   other  North   iim.  ».iii.iiiatain. 
American  species  of  Azalea ;  and  it  produces  its  fragrant 
white  flowers  in  great  abundance.     Nuttall  considers  it  as  only  a  variety  of 
B.  viscosuDt,  differing  in  nothing  but  in  the  under  surfiice  of  the  leaves  being 
glaucous;  in  which  opinion  we  concur. 

*  S5.  S.  (v.J  Hi'gpiDUH  Torr.  (a.  (t.)  ai-iniu  Pmtk.)   The  hispid  Azalea. 

MflUdtoUibii.    Torr.  Fl.  lln.  81.,  p.  140.  ;  DcMI'l  Mil].,  i.  p.  H7. 

afrnm^ma.    AOIa  htiplda  Fmrit  Sttt.  1.  p.  IM.  i  AUltt  tIk6u  *ar.  gliAoi  AU.  harU  Km.  I. 

Ei^atiiiti.    Denl.  BH(.,  L  6.;  wdour /(.  lisn. 

^lec.  Char.,  ^c.    Bmnches  straight,  very  hispid.   Leaves    : 
long-lanceolate,  hispid   above,  and  smooth   beneath,  i 
eIbucous  on   both  surbccs,  ciliated  on  the  margins,   < 
having  the  nerves  bristly  beneath.     Stamens  5 — 10. 
Flowers  very  clammy,  Irafy,     Tube  of  corolla  wide, 
Bfsrcely     longer    than    the    segments.       Teeth    uf 
calyx  oblong,  rounded.     Filaments  exserted.  (Don't 
MUl.)    A  deciduous  shrub.     New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  Ihe  borders  of  lakes  on  the  highest  part  of 
the  Blue  Mountains.     Height  10  ft.  lo  15  ft.     Intro- 
duced in  1734.     Flowers  white,  rose-coloured  before 
expansion ;  July  and  August. 
Readily  distiagutshed  from  the  other  hanly  azaleas  by      ""■  "■'•■"'•"™- 

its  bliush  appearance. 
M  8S.  R.  (v.)  ni'tiduh  Torr,  (A.  hi'tida  PMnt.)     The  giosay-lemfd  Aialea. 

i!!>fr»A«l.    Bot  Btg.HH.;  uidoSlvir.^'^' 

Spec.  Char.,  cf«.  Branches  smoothish.  Leaves  oblanceo- 
late. rather  mucronate,  coriaceous,  smooth  on  both 
siir&ces,  shining  above,  having  the  nerve  bristly  beneath, 
irilh  revolute  ciliated  margins,  smaller  than  in  any 
other  species.  Flowers  clammy,  leafy.  Tube  of  corolla 
I  a  little  longer  than  the  segments.     Calyi  very  short. 

I^laments  exscrted.  (Dun't  Mill.)    A  deciduous  shrub. 
New  York  to  Virginia,  in  deep  mossy  swamps  on  the 
'      mountains.     Height  » ft.  to  4ft.     Introduced  id  1813. 
Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red ;  June 
IIM.  a-KiiriiHut.  andJuly.    Capsule  brown. 


The 


.    Doa'iHIII..S.p.  SM. 


,t.GM.t  Dsml.  DHL,  t.  llfi.j  uidout  A|.  IIS?. 

Branches   hairy.      Leaves   lanceolate, 
e  at  both  ends.     Calyx  pubescent.     Corolla 

silky,  with  obtuse,  ciliated,  lBnceohitc,undukited  segmeDtSi 


598 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Stamens  exserted.    (DorCt  Miit.)     A  deciduous  shrub.     North  America. 
Height  2  ft.  to  (5 ft.    Introduced  in  1812.    Flowers  scarlet;  June  and  July. 

A  28.  R,  ARBORE^scBNS  TVr.  (A.  ABBOBB'fciNt  Pur$h.y  The  arborescent  Azalea. 

Identification,    Torr.,  1.  c. ;  Don't  MilL,  3.  p.  847. 

Svwmifmet.    Azilea  arboritcens  Punk  FL,  Amur.  Sept.  1.  p.  1S3. :  A.  arbdnB  Bart.  Cat. 

Sttgravings.    Our  Jig.  1138.  from  a  ipccimeD  in  the  berlMUium  of  ProfiDMCw  DoCandoUe. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  rather  obtuse, 
smooth  on  both  surfiMres,  glaucous  beneath,  cili* 
ated  on  the  margins,  having  the  midrib  almost 
smooth.  Flowers  not  clammy,  leafy.  Tube  of 
corolla  longer  than  the  segments.  Calyx  leafy, 
with  the  sesments  oblong  and  acute.  Filaments 
exserted.  (bon^t  MUL)  A  deciduous  shrub  or 
low  tree.  Pennsylvania.  Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft. 
Introduced  in  1818.  Flowers  rose-coloured ;  June 
and  July. 

Pursh  says  it  forms,  with  its  elegant  foliage,  and 
large,  abundant,  ros&-coloured  flowers,  the  finest 
ornamental  shrub  he  knows.  The  flowers  are  not  so 
pubescent  as  those  of  the  other  species.  The  scales 
of  the  flower  buds  are  large,  yellowish  brown,  and  surrounded  with  a  fringed 
white  border. 


lias.  JL 


$  vii.  Rhodora  D.  Don. 


Idtnifflcatitm.    Don't  Mill,  3.  p.  843. 

Derivation.   From  rkodon,  a  rose ;  is  refirenoe  to  the  ooioar  of  tbe  iowtrt. 

Sect.  Char,  Limb  of  calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  bilabiate  ; 
upper  lip  broadest,  and  2— d-cleft;  lower  one  biden- 
tate.  Stamens  10.  Capsule  5-ceIled,  A-valved.  Leaves 
deciduous.   (Doti*t  Mill,) 

M   29.    R.  iZUODO^RA   (?.  Don.    (RboDO^MA  C^lUDB'NStS  L.) 

The  Canada  Rhodora. 

Idmtffieation.    Don't  Mill..  8.  p.  848. 

iZhodftra  canadfinBis  Lin.  Sp.  861. 


Sj 


tffme. 


ovnofij 

Engraitim^.    Bot.  Mag  ,  t.  474. ;  and  oiutjlg.  1130. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  oval,  quite  entire,  pubescent  and 
glaucous  beneath.  Flowers  in  terminal  clusters  or 
racemose  umbels,  pale  purple,  and  protruded  before 
the  leaves.  (Don*s  Mill.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub. 
Canada,  Newfoundland,  and  on  the  mountains  of  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  in  bogs.  Heisht  2  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1767.  Flowers  pale  purple;  April  and 
May.     Capsules  bfown ;  ripe  in  August. 

Genus  XXIL 


iia».  a. 


KA'LM/i4  L.     Thb  Kalmia.     Lin.  Sytt.  Decindria  Monog/nia. 


Identification.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  MA.  {  Don't  MIU.,  3.  p.  880. 
Synomime.    American  Laurel. 


TrSat'in  AUSne^tnilS^*  *°  ****"*'"'  ^ '*'*^  '^"'^  proftuor  at  Abo, in  Sweden i  anthor  of 

Gen.  Char.     Calyx  5-parted.     Corolla  salver-shaped ;  under  side  of  limb  pro- 
ducing 10  comute  protuberances,  and  as  many  cavities  on  the  upper  side,  in 


XLiil.  £ricacejG:  ka'lm//«.  599 

which  the  anthen  lie,  or  arc  cooceakd.  Cajmie  S^etled,  iiuu)y'4eeded ;  di»- 
BeiHinenti  marginal.  {Don't  Mill,') 

Leavei  mmple,  alternate,  or  ternatel)'  verticillate,  esBtipulate,  entire,  ever- 
green ;  buds  nalied.  Floweri  in  terminal,  racemose,  compound  corymbs,  but 
in  K.  birsitia  aolitary  and  axillHry.  Fedkck  long,  1-flowered,  tribrDCleate  at 
the  base  ;  external  bractea  originating  from  the  rachis.  Antheri  opening  bv 
two  oblique  truncate  pores.  —  Undtrahrubs,  evergreen;  natives  of  North 
America;  poiEonous  in  all  iheir  parts,  and  often  fatal  to  cattle. 
■  I,  K.  latipo'lia  L.   The  broadJeaved  Kulmia. 

Urmtitlatkm.    Ua.  Sp.,  KO.;  Purih  SaU,,  l.p.  we.  l   Don'l  Mill..!,  p.  MO. 
Sgitaifima,      UuuntJii  Laurel,  CdUco  Buih.  Callcu  Floxr, 


Leaves  on  long  petioles, 
L  B  whorl,  oval,  coriaceous, 
both  a     " 


smooch,  and  gri 

rymbs  terminol,  downy,  and   viscid.    (Don't 
Mill.)     An  evergreen  glabrous  shrub.     Ca- 
nada to  Carolina,  on  the  sides  of  stony  hills. 
Height  3A.to   lOft.      Introduced  in   1734^ 
Flowers  white,   tinted  with  pale  [nnk,   deli-  J 
cately  spotted ;  June  and  July 
This  shrub,  in  its  native  soil,  continues  flow-  , 
ering  great  part  of  the  summer ;  but  it  is  only  E 
in  particular  places  where  it  thrives.     These  are  \ 
generally  rocky,  sterile,  and  near  water.    Leaves 
of  this   species   are   poisonous   to   cattle   and 
sheep,  but  not  to  deer. 

M.  2.  K<  AMOiiSTiFo"LiA  L,     The  narrow 


EKfTin^t.    But.  His.,  I-  ' 


clothed  with  glandular  pubescence.  {Don't  Mill.)  t 
low  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  boge,  swamps,  an< 
sometimes  in  dry  mountain  lands.  Height  1  ft.  to  8  tl 
Introduced  in  1736.  Flowers  dark  red;  May  t 
July.    Capsule  brown ;  ripe  m  September. 

Varieti/. 

«   f  .  o.   8  oodia   Purdi   FL 

Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  896.  — 

nil.  K. ufiiaiuii.  ^  native  of  New  Jersey, 

on   the  mauntuns,  with  broader  leaves  and  a 

tullcr  stem  than  the  species. 

^  3    K..  GLAU'CA  Ait.     The  glaucous-Je<R>nf  Kalmia. 

tdrtalfiauiim.    AH.  Hart.  KtH.,  cd,  1,  ji.  M.  i  Punh  E«pt.,  I.  p.  »«■  i 
^n-mgmr.    &.poiin>Ili  Wintgll.  Acl.  Sac.  Benl.  ■■  p.  in.  1.  B. 

^ec.  Char.,  ^c,  Branchlets  somewhat  2-edged.  Leaves 
opposite,  on  short  petioles,  oblong,  smooth,  ghtutous 
beneath,  with  revolute  edges.  Corymbs  terminal, 
compound,  bracteate.  Pedicels  and  calyxes  gla- 
brotu,  {Don't  MUIA  A  very  handsome,  upriaht, 
•mall  shrub.     Canada,  in  bog?-,  and  on  the  borders 


600  ABBORETUH    ET   FRUTICBTUM    BRITANNICUH. 

of  the  mountain  lake*  of  New  York  and  Pcnoiylvania,  and  of  the  Island 
of  Sitcha.  Hdght  1  (t  to  S  ft.  Introduced  in  1767.  Flonen  pale  red ; 
April  and  May.     CapEule  brown  ;  ripe  in  St^ttanher, 

Variety. 

B.  K.g.i  tomarin^dSa  Ptirab  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  L  p.  296. — Leaves  linear, 
more  revolute  on  the  naorgine,  and  having  the  under  aur&ce  green. 

The  flower  u 

the  handle. 

B.  4.  K.  cuNBftVil   Mickt.     The  wedge-ahaped-Zraivil  Kalmia. 


EvravtKgi^    Our  fy.  I  L4t.  from  a  tpecUnm  In  tb«  UuHum  of  tbe  Judln 

^ec.  OW.,  ^c.  Leaves  scattered,  seanle,  cuneate-oblong, 
gJandularly  pubescent  beneath,  minutely  armed  at  the 
apei.  Corymb*  lateral,  few-flowered.  Branches  twiggy, 
duposed  in  sesitilc,  lateral,  fustigiate  clusters.  (Zioii'« 
3fUl.)     A  amall  evergreen  shrub.     Carolina,  o     ~      ~ 


I.  himu'ta  fVall,     The  hairy  Kalmia. 
Fall.  Fl.  CiTol.,  I3».  i  Pnnb  Sept.,  1. 1>.  SS,  i  MIchi.  n. 

JNFr      AmfTrk      K      P-     ^07. 

auiJiKifmi.    K.  clUllU  Barlr.  lltt.  i\ 
AvF<»t>w'.     Bot.Mig..t.  IM.jindwir  lU.IH*. 

Spec,  Char.,  4'c.  Branches,  leaves,  and  calyxes  very  huiry. 
Leaves  opposite  and  alcemnte,  almost  sessile,  elliptic. 
Peduoctes  uxillan',  solitary,  l-tlowered,  longer  than  the 
leaves.  (Don'i  Mdl.)  A  beautiliil  little  shrub.  South 
Carolina  and  Oeorgia,  in  barren  pine  woods.  Udght 
2  ft.  to  3 ft.  Introduced  in  1780.  Flowers  lonfe,  red; 
June  to  August.  Capsule  brown  ;  Kpe  in  OctotKr. 
Somewhat  difficult  to  cultivate  in  British  gardens. 


Genus  XXIIL 


a 


MBNZIE'S/.^  Smith.     The  Menzibsia.    Lin.  St/it.  Octindria  Monog^ia. 

CKTwdtilon  uadw  Vhiddutct  i  In  whif  h  be  collo^i^  miiiT  uwlmeoi  rf  pUntB  OP  tbe  Dortb-weM 
iHit  of  AnMil™,  New  Hullud.  Vm  Dlepini'i  Luid,  «t 

Gen.  Cliar.  Calyx  4-lol)ed.  Corolla  tubular  or  globose  j  limb  very  short,  4- 
lobed,  revolute.  Slameiu  B,  enclosed.  FUanun/i  subulate,  glabrous,  CeUt 
of  anthers  parallel,  connate,  rautic  at  the  base,  and  opening  each  by  an 
oblique  foramen  at  the  apex.  Stignia  obtuse.  CapitJg  ligneous,  4-cclled, 
with  H  septicidal  dehiscence.  Placenta  4-lobed.  Seedt  scobiform.  (Don'i 
MUl.) 

Leapci  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  very  siiiull,  membra- 
nous, glaucous  liencatli.  Flomeri  in  numerous  terminal  i-flowered  fas- 
cicled pedicels.  —  Unclyrslimbs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America. 


XLIII.   £BICa'CE«  :    AZA  LEA. 
irvoi'nbji  Smi/h.     The  rxiaty-^wered  Henuesu 

iOm  Ined..  I.  p^  C6,  I,  M.  J  Punh    S«]it.»  L  p.  3C4.> 


Atgratihi^.    Smith  Icon.  Ined.^  ].  p.  U.  t.  A6- 1  uvloarJ%,  1I4B- 

^wc.  CSar.,  j-c.  Corolla  urceolate,  with  rounded  lobes. 
Leaves  and  brancbes  haii^.  Leaves  obDV&te-lanceolatc. 
(Doh'i  Mm.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  North-west  coast 
of  America,  particularly  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the 
Island  of  Sitcba.  Hraght  3  ft,  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in 
1811.      Flowers  nisty  colour  1  May  and  June.  uu.  ■>■>« 

tt  S.  M.  flLOBDLA^is  SaSti,  The  globviai-Jloaertd  Meniiesia. 
.  1  Punh  Sept.  I.  p.  IN.  (  Dod'i  Mill., 
r.  Ancr.  p.  Vi. :  Aiila  pUtea  Lam- 
Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Corolla  globose,  with  rounded  lobcB. 
Leaves  and  branches  hairy.  Leaves  lanceolate.  (Doj^t 
Mm.)  A  deciduous  shrub,  Virginia  and  Carolma,  on 
high  mountains ;  plentifLiI  on  the  Cacapcore  Mountains, 
near  Winchester,  m  Virginia,  Height  3(1.  to  Aft.  In-  ,  . 
troduced  in  1S06.     Flowers  yellowish  brown.  nu.  h.|U> 


Genus  XXIV. 


[J 


I*  Dst. ;  ChmndMon  /.iM 


DtriraUim.    Frami 


Gen.  Char.  Calyx  6-parted,  Corolia  short,  campanulate,  5-cleft.  Slameru 
a,  equal,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Celii  o(  anthers  opening  by  a  terminal 
pore.     Staiet  straight,  enclosed.     CapiuSe  5-celled,  with  5-cloven  pointed 


with  revolute  margina.   Fhwert  pedicellate,  rising  in  fascicles  from  the  axils 
of  the  upper  leaves,  small,  red. — A  shrub,  evergreen,  procumbent,  small,  ^la- 
■'    "     '   ■■      '    ■••-■  ■'  e  olEurope  and  North  AmencB, 


brous,  with  the  habit  of  wild  thyme  ;  a 


s  L.     The  procumbent  Azalea. 


uU'Emmt.  \~f.  IIoTi  Loteitsiir^  pn- 

EntrawimKi.  Ew.  BM..  t.MS.  i  But.  Cmli, 
I.  TEl.i^M.  MUc,  t.  p.  £4.  t  U.  ;  (lid 
our  j((.  IIM.  tnini  Lot  Bat.  Cab.,  null 
fit,  (Its.  (rum  M.  Dubun. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  See  Gen.  Char. 
A  procumbent  evergreen  shrub. 
Europe,  on  niountmns;  plentiful 
in  the  Ilighlands  of  Scotland, 
and  in  the  alpine  re!;ions  ofdif- 
ferent  parts  of  North  America. 
Height  6  in.  Flowers  small, 
ruse-culourcd  ;  April  and  Mh}. 


ARBORETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICI'M. 

to  be  growa  in  sandj  peat,  either  in  a  bonltf  or  in  pc 
Gbnus  XXV. 


□ 


LBIOPHY'LLUH  Pert.     Thb  Lbioprtllum.     Lin.  Si/il.  Decindria 

Monog^niB. 

/dnujIlnitfM.    Ptn.  Bnch..  l,p.  4TT.  <  Spnog,  ajH.,  &  p.  ITS. ;  Don't  UIU.,  1.  p.  U|. 

^mtmrma.    Ammfrthni  FarMk  Sipl.  1.  p.  180. ;  nKharn  SvuU ;  UdoD  iaiinUm  Mrri-  jUI. 

BrriwiUim.    From  lefiu,  mwitb.  nM  pitnllm,  tJml;  in  nftnnaU)  lb*  uiiogUiiKusrtlia  team. 

Gen.  Char.     Calyx   deeply   A-parted.      Corolla  S-petaled.     Stmnetu   10,  ex- 

aerted.     Anthert  opening  by  8  terminal  pores.     Ciipntlr  Jk<«lled,  £-velTed, 

dehiBciDgat  theapex.  (Don'i  Mill.) 

Leavei  limple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  small,  convex,  oval, 
glabrous,  shining.  Flowert  white,  dispoied  in  tefinkMl  ca^mba,  — A  shrub, 
small,  erect,  bushy,  *ery  ornamental  from  the  delicac](  of  ita  leaves  and  the 
abuudance  of  its  white  flowers ;  native  of  North  America,  on  mountains. 

■.  1.  L.  invMiFO^iuii  Per).     The  Thyme-leaved  Leiopbyiluin. 
UtmUficoUem.    Fan.  Ench.,  L.p-  ITT.  i  Spivig,  Snt,  S.  p.  !1ft.(  Dea'a  HUl^l.p.  m. 
atmemima.    UOam  tuilftlJnni  Brrtiui  fn  Act.  JWnip.  1779  p.  1.  E.  1.  f.  ■■  i  CUum  Arntftlnnii 

Lam.  IHa.  *.  p.  4».  I  LMam  HrpjUlf Mliim  L'Hfril.  Sttrp.  tin.  1. 1.  10. ,  Ammfnlu  teilftrii* 

Puri*  Stpl.  I.  p.  SOI.  1  Sud  HjTtra,  Mv  Jcntf. 
£>wr»l»i.     Bot.  K(«.,l.»l.  t   Bot.  Cab.,I.U.i  ud« 

;^i«.  CW.,  rjc.  gee  Gen.  Char.  An  el^nt 
little  evergreen  ahrub.  New  Jersey,  and  the 
mountainE  of  Carolina,  particularly  on  the 
hichest  summits  of  the  Catawba  ridge.  Height 

6  in.  to  1  ft.    Introduced  in  1736.     Flowers  y 

white,  rendering  it  highly  omamenCal  ;  Hay  ^hv 

and  June,  Sp 

L.   protlrMum,     Amm^nine  prostrdta  SwI,,  lEt 

Loud.  HoTt.  Bril.    Mo.  88821.  ;  A.  L^oni  Swt.  ^ 

Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1830  p.  344.— Branches  spread^  ^            ,N-1 

bg.     Leaves  obloDg.  ii».  un.,-*™-.. 


□ 


ItTiraliom.    LritH  wu  the  nunc  applied  tn  Ihr  aiiiiliniU  ts  1  pUat  pnduclu  Ike  HbMM 
UMviimi,  ead  dow  known  by  LIib  oaiat  oF  ^etui  ZJdoa.    In  fOUis«<  tiie  Udom  of  mi 


1  membranous   wing  Bt 
each  extremity.  {Don'i  MSI.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  eiBtipulaCe,  evergreen ;  coriaaeoiu,  with  revo- 
lute  martini,  and  tomentose  on  the  under  surface.  Floieen  white,  disposed 
in  terminal  corymbs  ;  pedicels  bracteate  at  the  base. —  Shrubs,  evergreen, 
low,  procumbent,  or  dwarf,  exhaling  a  peculiar  icent  when  bruised;  natiTe* 
of  Europe  or  North  America. 


xmi.  ERICA  CE«:  le'dum. 


Spec,  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  linear,  with  reTolute  mai- 
gins,    clothed    with     rusty    tomentum     beneath. 
Stamens   10,   longer   than   the   corolla.      Leaves 
resembling  those  of  rosemary.  (Don't  MM.)     An 
erect  evergreen   ghnib.     Caniula,  in  swanipB,  and 
round   the   mountain  lakes   of    New   YoA ;     in  « 
Kotzebue's  Sound,  &c. ;  al«)  the  Norlh  of  Europe,  , 
as  Denmiurk,  Silesia,  &c.    Hei^t  2  ft.   Introduced  '^ 
In  1768.     Flowers  white  ;  April  and  May. 

a.  L.  p.  8  dec&nbeni  Ah.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  8. 
vol,  iiL  p.  48.  —  A  decumbent  shrub,  a 
Dative  of  Hudson's  Bay.  iito.  l.  tMim. 

B,  8,Zi.  LATiFo'uuH  AU.  The  broad-leaved  Ledum,  or  Labrador  Tea. 
UmlOtatlai.    AlLHoit.Kaw.,1,  p.GG.i  PunhS(pt.,1.  F.MO.)  Don't 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  liiieer.obloag,  with  replicate 
margins,  clothed  with  rusty  tom^ituai  beuisth.  Sta- 
mens 5,  about  the  length  of  the  corolla.  Flowers 
white.  (_D<m'i  Mill.)  A  larger  and  broader-leaved 
evergreen  shrub  than  £.  palliiitTe.  Canada,  in  mossy 
■wampB  j  and  Greenland,  Labrador,  Newfoundland,  and  i 
Hudson's  Bay.  Height  2ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  in 
1763.    Flowers  white;  April  and  May.  ^ 

The  leaves  are  said  b>  be  used  in  Labrador,  as  a.  Bub- 

■titute  for  tea.     Bees  are  very  fond  of  the  dowers.  mi.  i.i.iibiiajii. 

«.  3.  Z..  canadb'msk  Lodd.   The  Canadian  Ledum. 

rtmtffiatfim.    Lodd.  Bat.  Citt.  t.  ]M0.|  Dsn't  HUl.,  &  pLSSl. 
Emgriirtmit.    Lodd.  BM.  CUi^t-IDW.;  udourjb.  IIU- 

^tec.  Char,,  ^,  Leaves  ovate-petiolate,  white  beneath. 
Flowers  disposed  in  terminal  umbellate  corymb*, 
la^.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Canada, 
in  swamps.  Hei^tSin.  IntroducediD  1618.  Flowen 
white ;  April  and  Hay. 


Sect  III.     FAcatttE's,  D.  Don. 

3aa  fei  Edlab.  Fkll.  Joiun.,  IT.  p.  IM. ;  D«'i  HIU.,  1.  p.  Ut. 
Seel.  Char.,  ic.    Anthers  S-celled.   Ovary  connate  with  the  calyx.    Disk  peri> 

SDOus,  nectariferous.  Fruit  baccate.  Gemmation  scalar-  The  genera  in 
is  sectitKi  agree  with  facclnium  in  the  ovary  adhering  to  the  calyx. 
(Doji't  Mill.)  Deciduous  and  evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and 
North  Amenca;  cultivated  in  ^t  soil,  and  prop^ated,  generally,  by  di- 
vision of  the  plant,  but  sometimes  by  layers,  aad,  when  necessary,  by 
cuttings  or  seeds. 


i04  arboretum  et  fruticetuh  britanhicuh. 

Genus  XXVIL 

□□□□□□□□EB 

rACCI'NKTH  L.    Tbb  Whortlebebbt.    Zm.  Sytl.  Oct-Decfrndris 
HoDogynia. 

I.  i  Lui.  IlL,  ms. ;  Ccru.  Fruct.,  t.  »?;  Don't  MUL,  t. 

t.  in. :  AknII*.  FT.  1  HekddbHn,  Otr. 

but  wbcUHr  ci(  •  bvrr  or  •  aanr  tiu  IHi  ■  inlDl  in  dlttou 

Gem.  Char.  Calyx  4 — Smoothed.  Corolla  urceolate  or  campanulscc,  more 
or  lesa  deeply  4 — 5-cleft;  limb  refleied.  Stamau  8 — 10,  hfpogjmous. 
Anthert  S-homed,  dehiscing  at  the  Biuniniu,  and  Mnnetimes  (urniuied  nt 
the  back  with  two  spreading  ipineB  or  bristles.  jS^fe  longer  than  the  sta- 
mens. Stigma  obtuse.  Berry  globose,  depressed  at  top,  4 — 5-celled, 
many-seeded.  (Don't  JtliU.) 

Lemet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  dei^uous  or  evei^reen ;  iDembranouB, 
often  beset  with  resinous  dots.  Floweri  pedicellate,  and  solimn,  simpl; 
racemose,  or  tufted,  dr(>o[Mng,  inodorous,  tinted  with  various  shades  of  red 
or  pink,  never  blue,  scarcely  yellowish,  generally  very  elegant.  Berriet 
.  black,  purple,  bluish,  or  red,  generally  eatable. —  ohrulw,  low,  sulfhiticose, 
gemmaceousj  natives  of  Europe  or  North  America. 

llie  species  are  in  a  good  deal  of  confusion,  ft'om  the  whole  of  them  oever 
having  been  studied  t^^ether  in  the  same  garden.  We  have  followed  the 
ananeement  of  O.  Don,  as  the  latest  and  best,  not  having  had  an  oppottunitv 
ourselves  of  examining  all  the  species  said  to  be  in  cultivatioa  in  British 
gardeDB. 

A.  Leavet  deddamu. 
a.  PedkeU  X-flowertd,  tuualfy  loUlary,  rarely  Iwat,  or  fatcicuiaU, 


H'.  Botl,  L  4^  i  Fl.  Bin.',  t.  Sli.  I  uxl  'awjlg.  IIU.  "    '    ' 

^ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Pedicels  solitary,  l-flowered.  Leaves  serrated,  ovate,  smooth. 
Stem  acutely  angular,  smooth.     Calyx  hardly  divided.     Corolla  globose 
eenerally  S^eft,  of  a  very  delicate,  waxv,  pink  hue.  (Don'i  JUitf.)    A  low 
oeciduoua  shrub.     North  of  Europe,  on  heaths,  stony  moors,  and  mountain 
woods ;  North  of  AlHca  and  Asia ;  and  at  Nootka  Sound  and  Nova  ScMia,  in 
America.     Plentiful  in  Britain  and  Iretund,  and 
cumbent  about  the  subalpine  zone  in  England, 
where  it  rarely  produces  flowers.    Hdght  6  in- 
to 8  ft.     Flowers  delicate,  wax^,  pink  ;   Ma}'. 
Berries  bluish  black,  about  the  size  of  currants, 
and   covered   with    a   mealy   bloom  ;    ripe    in 
October. 

yariely. 

"  y.  M.   i    Ucof  61^  Booth   has  white 
Gridt.     Plants  of  this  variety  were  dis- 
covered in  1835  in  the  Black  Forest. 
The  berries  are  eaten  in  tarts,  or  with  cream, 
or  made  into  jelly,  in  the  northern  and  western 
counties  of  England  and  Scotland  ;  and,  id  other  ■ 
pans  of  the  country,  they  arc  made  into  pies  and  „;j   r  umiitB, 


xLiii.  erica.\^je:  kacci'nium.  60B 

. I  been  employed  to  stain  paper  or  lineo  purple. 

.  nanj  kinds  of  game  live  upon  them,  and  the  plant  affords  them 
shelter.  In  gardens,  it  may  be  cultivated  in  sandy  peat,  kept  moist,  in  a  attu- 
ne ion  airy,  but  Home  what  shaded. 

^  8.  y.  uLiQiNo'siiM  L.     The  Bog  Whortieberry,  or  great  BilitTry. 

IdmigiaMm.    lAa.  Spec,  (99.  :  Smith  Eni.  Fl..  3.  p.  HO.  i  I><H1'I  Ulll.,  A  p.  SGI. 
Sneilrmt.    Mrrtilliii  irtnilU  Bmi*.  ffiil.  I.  p.  .IIH 
gi,gr£m,g,*t\.  Dm't.  ni.    Bng.  BM.,  t.  Efll. :  uid  omfis.  IIM. 

^tec.  Cior.,  ij-c     Pedicels  somewhat  aggregate,  l-flowered.    Leaves  obovate, 
entire,  smooth.      Branches    terete.      Taller  than   ihe   common   bilberry, 
S4)d  of  a  more  glaucous  hue.      Leaves  glaucous  be- 
neath.    .Floiren  flesh-coloured,  with  9   long-homed 
stamens.    (DotCi   Milt.')      A    low    deciduous   shrub. 
North  of  Europe,  North  America,  and  North  of  Asia, 
in  marshy  mountain  heaths  and  alpine  bogs.     Hoght 
1  fL  to  S  ft.     Flowers   Sesh-coloured ;  April  and  May. 
Berries  large,  juicy,  black,  and  covered  whh  a  mealy  , 
bloom ;  ripe  in  October.  ' 

The  berries  are  agreeable,  but  inferior  ia  flavour  to 
those  of  y.  Myrtdlus;  eaten  in  large  quantitiea,  they  i 
occasion  giddiness,  and  a  slight  head^he.  In  France  1 
they  are  used  to  colour  wines  red  ;  and  in  Siberia  and  ^  ^^ 

Sweden  they  furnish  an  ardent  spirit  that  is  highly  vola-      lu,..  ,  DUctatam. 
tile  and  intoxicating.     They  afford  excellent  sustenance 
to  game.    In  gardens,  it  may  be  cultivated  lilie  the  preceding  species. 

.a  3.   y.  ANaUSTlFO^LIUN  Ait,     The  n: 

mrnaWMa  uelu.  fi'b 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Pedicels  scattered,  mostlv  solitary,  1-flowered,  naked. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  downy  at  the  ribs  and 
mucins.  Berries  large,  and  known  by  the  name  of 
bluets.  {Don't  Mill,)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  Ca- 
nada, about  Hudson's  Bay  and  Labrador ;  and  the 
high  alpine  woods  of  the  Kocliy  Mounttuns,  trom  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  Height  I  ft.  to  S  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1776.  Flowers  flagon-shaped,  yeUowisb  greeni 


white  tinged  with  red  ;  April  and  May.  Berries  A 
ge,  globose,  blackish  purple,  highly  esteemed  by  the  1/ 
habitants  of  the  countries  where  the  plant  is  indige-      ^ 


large,  globose,  blackish  purple,  highly  esteemed 
'litants  of  the  com 
;  ripe  in  October. 

Ji  4^   r.  cssvnaHvit  Michx,     The  tufted  Whortlebeny 

btaUilUaCitm.     Mkhl.  PL  Bot,  Amcr,,  1.  p.  SM. ;  Uoo'l  HIU„  I.  p.  MS. 
Emtrarnvi._  Bot.  Mig,  t  WW.  j  udourj^.  11(6. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Flowers  lateral,  solitary,  nearly  sesule. 
Leaves  somewhat  wedge-shaped,  rounded,  obtuse, 
serrated,  membranous,  rcry  smooth.  A  little  shrub, 
with  many  crowded  stems,  from  8  in.  to  4  in.  high, 
very  smooth  in  every  part.  Corolla  of  a  short  urceo- 
laie  form.  Berries  nearly  sessile,  globose.  (Dtm't 
Mill.)  A  small  deciduous  shrub,  with  crowded  stems. 
Hudson's  Bay,  in  the  Island  of  Sitcha,  and  on  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Hraghtein.  Introduced  in  1823.  Flowers 
numerous,  exc^dingly  delicate  and  beautilid,  white, 
with  B  deep  tinge  of  blush ;  May.  Berry  blue  block, 
with  a  glaucous  bloom  ;  ripe  in  October. 


606  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETITM 

b.  Fhmcr$  in  uiule  Tuftt, 
»  a.  V.  QALBZASS  Michx,     The  Oale-iikc  Whortleberry. 
JUatMcatlim.     HJcb.  F1.  Boi.  Amer,.  1.  p.B*.|  Don'i  UiU,  a. 

AnuavM.     F.talMnBlM  Sm/a  In  ffzu'i  fW.  No.  16. 
EittmiHg,      Our  A-  IIH.   from   l  >p«Imrn  tn   [ha 

^)^.  Char.,  4^.  Flowers  on  very  ihort  sUlhs,  in 
aesaile  tufts.  Leaves  sessile,  laiiceolat»-wedge- 
shiped,  slightly  serrated,  downy.  Calyx  poiated. 
Corollas  OTBte,  much  contracted  at  the  mouth. 
Style  promineot.  Hichaux  describes  this  shrub 
aa  having  the  aspect  of  .Afyrlca  Oaie,  with  alight 
dowDy  branches.  Leaves  varyiag.  The  pedicels, 
shorter  than  the  flowers,  burst  from  a  bud  composed  , 
of  numerous  crowded  scales.  (ZJon'i  Mill.)  A  low 
dedduous  ahrub.  Vi»inia  aiul  Carolina,  in  shady 
woods  and  swamps.  Height  i  ft.  Introduced  in 
J806.     Flowers  yellowish  whitei   May  and  June.  m,.  r.^Mtm. 

Berry  small,  globular,  black;  ripe  in  October. 

^  6.  V.  tkne'lluu  ah.    The  delicate  Whortleberry. 

%iiHMvmf.    y.  uRuutlTAolGum  Lan,  DitL  p.  74- 

SmgrmiKit,.    ^iaA.Mt..  t  U. ;  BM.  Mis.,  LSUt.icMiA.  iiu.  (Km  VMaon,  ml  j^.  IIM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Flowers  in  dense  sessile  tufts.  Leaves 
nearly  sessile,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminated,  finely 
serrated,  smooth,  except  the  rib  and  margins^ 
Branches  BngulBr,  with  a  downy  line  on  each  side- 
Calyx  of  5  deep  fkcute  seg- 
ments. (Don't  Mill.)  A  low, 
very  branching,  deciduous 
shrub.  New  England  to  Vir- 
ginia, on  dry  hills,  on  gravelly 
soil.  Height  Si  ft  Introduced 
in  1778.  Flowers  pale  red  or  \ 
white  (  May.  Berries  large,  \ 
bluish  black,extteniely  sweet  * 
"**"  ''■'■^'ta™-  g,^  pleasant;  ripe  October. 

IS  of  Pennsylvania  produc 


A  7.  V,  Lims'aTtaimu  MuAx.     He  Privet-like 
Whortleberry. 

liaUtfiaMni.    Mlchi.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  I.  p.  W3. ;  Don'i  U1I1-.  S.  p.  SES. 
JEjIgratitlg-    OarJl£,  USD.  frnm  ■  ipvdldni  Ju  Uia  I^mbertUn  beitailUD. 

l^ec.  Char.,  4^.  Flowers  in  tutls,  and  nearly  sessile ;  as 
are  the  leaves,  wiiich  are  also  erect,  lanceolate,  mucro- 
nate,  finely  serrated,  veiny  and  downy.  Corolla  longish 
and  ovate.  Branches  angular.  (^Don'i  Mill.)  An  erect 
deciduous  shrub.  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia,  in  dry 
woods,  and  common  on  the  luountains.  Hagbt  S  ft.  to 
3ft.  Introduced  in  1618.  Flowers  purplish  red  ;  May 
to  July.     Berries  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

t.  Fbnaert  diipoted  in  Smxmei. 
M  d.  y.  pa'lliduh  AU.    The  pale^wcr^rf  Whortlelierry. 

IdnlificaliOH.     Ait.  Hon.  K«w.,  ld.1.,  111.  *.  p.SSa,:  Dni'l  UllL.lL  p.  SSi. 
Bugratiiig.    niBjIg.  IIGI.rmni  ipecLmen  In  ttas  BritUli  HuKum. 


xLiii.  thica'ce*:  tacci'nium. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Raceoies  bracteate.  Corolla  c^lin- 
ilrically  beU-ahaped.  LeaTes  ovate,  acute,  fine); 
serrated.  {Don't  MUL)  A  low  deciduoui  ahrub. 
North  America.  Hdgdt  2  h.  Introduced  in  1778. 
Flowers  whitish  i  Maj  and  June. 


IdeuMcallon.      IStnb.  In  Mlcbi.  Fl,  Dor,  Ama 

^xc.   Char.,  ^c.      Pedicels  axillary  and   i 
terminal  and  racemose,  naked.     Leaves  01 
with   slight  glandular    serratures  j  polished   above, 
and  rather  downy  beneath.  Corollas  bell-shaped,  acute.  Stamens  the  length 


le  tube.     Berries  globular,  almost  dry.     Branches  terete,  downy  while 
young.  {Don't  MilVf   An  elegant  deciduous  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  tree- 
North  Carolina  to  Florida,  in  dry  woods,  on  the  rocky 
banks  of  rivers.     Hdght  10  ft.  to  SO  ft.     Introduced  in 
1765.     Flowers  white, tinged  with  red;  June  and  Julv. 
Berries  black;  ripe  in  November. 

This  species  joins  the  solitary-flowered  species  with  the 
racemose-flowered  species ;  the  Bxillaiv  flowers  bebg  soli- 
taiv  and  pedicellate,  and  the  terminal  ones  racemose.  In 
Bndsh  gvdens,  it  flowers  and  fruiis  ireely  in  peat  soiL 

M  10.  V.  sTmi'muH  L.    The  bng-stamened  Whortleberry. 

HnttbaUon.    Lta.  S^,  <9i.  l  Don'.  miL,  S.  p.  BBS. 

SfKmt-a.    r.  UbumhtnlAyl.  l.p.M.  i>.  emtcumOiiitiSrr*.!  Ttett  Kan.  Amir 

Bi^rawimgt    Audi.  Bol.  Rep,  L  W3- ;  Miuimtft.  Ilea. 

Spec.  CAirr.,  ^c.     Racemes  downy,  with  oval 

bracteas  as  long  as  the  flowers.     Anthers 

8-homed  on  the  back,  twice  as  long  as  the 

^reading  bell-shaped  corolla.   Leaves  ellip' 

Uc,   acute,    entire,   glaucous,    and    rather 

downy   beneath.      Stem   2  ft.    high,    with  i 

numerous  green  branches,  which  are  downy  \ 

while  j'oung.      Leaves  It  or  S  inches  long,  , 

on  very  short  downy  stalks.     Flowers  de-  •' 

caudrous,    copious,    white,    having    linear 

anthers,  whicn  are  homed  near  the  base. 

The  bracteas  resemble  the  leaves,  but  are 

much  smaller.  (Drm'i  3fiAL)     A  low  de- 

dduoua  shrub.     New  England  to  Florida.  ,ibs,  r  ij— 1— — 

Hei^t  1  ft.  to  2  ft.      Introduced  in  1778. 

Flowers  white;  May  and  June.  Beniea  greenish  or  white  ;  ripe  in  October. 

^  V.  »,  2  iOrum  H.  B.  et  Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  Amer.  iii,  p.  267.— The  leaves 
are  larger,  and  ciliated  on  the  nerves  beneath,  and  on  the  margins. 
Corolla  campanubte  and  white.  It  is  a  native  of  Mexico,  in  woods, 
between  Pachuca  end  Real  del  Monte,  where  it  seldom  grows  above 

A  II.   r.  Duuo'suH  M.     The  bushy  Whortleberry. 

UtnlOemUm.    Ah.  Hurt.  Kaw.,  cd.  ■.,  tdL  t.  p.  WC  1  Don'i  MOI..  1.  n.  SO. 

«. „  __jx uj...    w,    -^    . ■-_..„  hfctflluBl  AIL  aori.  KriD.  tA.  ». 


cc.  Char.,  4t.     Racemes  downy,  with  oval  bracteas,  and  the  pedicels  with 


G08  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

2  lanceolate  bracteoles.  Leaves  obovate,  mucronate,  entire, 
downy,  and  vincid.  Ovarium  hBir;.  Corolla  bell-shaped, 
obtuse,  longer  than  the  stamena.  Branches  round.  Leaves 
l)in.  Ions.  Calycine  ■egmcnta  fringed.  {Don't  Mill.) 
A  low  bushy  deciduous  shrub.  New  Jeney  to  Florida,  in 
dry  sandy  wooiU,  particularly  in  pine  foreata.  Height  2  ii. 
to  3  ft.  introduced  in  1774.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with 
pink,  rather  large;  June  and  July.  Berries  bla^k,  globular ; 
ripe  in  November. 

Vanety. 

^  V.  rf.  2  Aumi/f  Wats.  Dend.  Brit,  t  3S.  — The  flowers 
are  white;  anthers  red;  pediceb  solitary,  axillary. 
8brub,6in.  high. 

■  IS,  r.  coBTHDo'sVM  £,.     The  corymboBej/foiwrmi  Whortlcbcny. 

_'_J?_    ;i   "--(.  Kno7  ed.  i.  .pl!».B.iM.i   v'^tamt^hamMiekt.fl.. 
wl.  Brtt.  i-'ia.  JBot.'Hep.,  t.  13S. ;  Bot.  Hig.i't.  M^.  { indoDrjV-  IIMl  ud  I 


ribs.  {Dan;  MiU.\     Leaves   IJ  „, 

point.  Racemes  rising  from  the  branches  of  the  preceding  year,  and  seldom 
accompanied  by  leaves.  Bracteas  reddish,  membranous,  and  fringed.  Caly* 
cine  B^menta  broad  and  shallow.  Corollas  white  or  reddish,  cylindrically 
urceolate,  rather  angular,  and  contracted  at  Che  mouth.  Stamens  10,  down^. 
Anthers  enclosed,  having  a  double  pouch  at  the  base,  but  no  spurs.  This 
species  has  a  number  of  varieties,  in  size,  shape,  and  colour  of  the  leaves, 
flowers,  and  fruit.  A  tall  deciduous  shrub.  Canada  to  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  in  swamps  and  wet  woods.  Height  4  ft.  to  7  ft.  Introduced  in 
1765.  Flowers  wnite  or  reddish  i  May  aniT  June.  Berries  bUck,  indpid, 
used  in  Carts  like  those  of  the  cranberry  (  ripe  b  October. 


Varir^i. 

■  V.  c.  8  vkgMum  Ail.  Hort.  Kew.   ed.  S.  vol.  2.  p.  358.,  Don's  Mill. 

3.  p.  85*. ;  and  our  fig.  976.  —  The  flowers  are  white,  tir^  with 
crimson  or  pale  red ;  very  ele^nt,  and  smaller  than  the  species. 
Racemes  short,  lateral,  and  terminal.  Virginia  and  Carolma,  in 
swamps;  where  it  grows  3fi.  high. 

■  V.  e.Sfiucdlim  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  I.  c.    f.  fonnfisum  Andr.  Bot,  Rep. 

t.  97.  i   r.  virg&tum  Watt.  Dtnd.  Brit.  t.  33.,  but  not  of  Ait.  i  and  our 


XLIII,    £RICA  CE.C  :    TACCrNlUM. 

JSg,  lies.  —  The  flowers  etriped  with  red  and 
white,  and  the  calyx  downj.  Lower  CHralina 
and  Qeorgia,  in  Bwamps. 
V.  c,  4  anguiti/diaan,  V.  Tirgitum  tbt.  angiuti- 
fSlium  ffitU.  Dend.  Brit.  t.  34.  —  The  leave* 
DBirow,  lanceolMe,  and  acuminated  at  both  ends, 
aesnle,  besprinkled  with  brown,  minute,  pedicel- 
late gtaoda  beneath,  and  hairy  on  the  midrib 
above.  Flowera  ajmost  white.  This  variety, 
Uke  the  preceding  ones  of  V.  coryrobdsum,  u 
vtity  handsome,  and  ver;  distinct ;  and,  in 
British  eardens,  of  easy  culture,  in  sandy  peat 
•oil,  which,  however,  as  in  all  similar  cases, 
must  be  kept  cool,  and  of  an  equable  degree  of 


M  13.   r.  ALBiFi.o'aiiH  Hook.     The  white-flowered 
WhortldierTy. 

SKMomtme-    V.  Clbom  Lam-  T 
Stifraihip.    'B^llt%..l.M».\miiaiJlf.n9i. 
Spec.   Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  oval-lanceotat^  obscurely  stt- 
rulate,   tnembranoua,  pilose   beneath,   with   i[ffeading 
hairs,   especially   on   uie  midrib   and    primary   veins,      dm-  r.LhKMu. 
Flower-bearing  hranchea    leaflen.     Racemes  a  litde 

corvmboae,  directed  to  one  side,  droopin^b  biacteated 
with  shortly  dedduous  bracteaa.  Calyx  spreatting, 
with  a  tendency  to  be  refleied.  Corolla  broadly  ovtu. 
Ovaiy  wholly  inferior.  (HoAer^  A  small  deciduous 
shrub,  with  ^reading  branches.  North  America.  Height 
I  ft.  to  S  ft.    Introduced  't  1880.  Flowers  white  ;  Kby. 


with 


The  affinity  of  this  very  pretty  species  is  undoubtedlv 
th  ¥.  corymb6sum,  but  the   half-superior   ovary   of  V. 


roiTmb6nim,  and  the  wholly  inferior  one  of  V,  alufldnim, 
md  othr """  ■'  '■"'■ ■      "   ■  •    -'  .■  .  ,  7 . 


and  other  pcnnts  of  diKrence  implied  in  tliose  noticed 
the  specific  character  above, 
,  have  induced  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker  to  think  that  the 
ire  permanently  dis- 
In  the  Botanic  Oar- 
den,  Olii^w,  it  fruits  abundantly  every  year,  and 
the  fruit  IS  very  good  to  eat. 


Unmu^iim.  Wiiti.D«id.Brit..l.  lM.iD(ia'illll1.,J 

Sptc.  Char.,  4'c.  Rai:emes  lateral,  numerous,  many-flow- 
ered. Corolla  cylindrical,  contracted  at  the  mouth. 
Leaves  elliptic,  coriaeeouB,  glabrous,  distinctly  and 
minutely  denticulated.  Flowers  decandrous.  (Don'i 
imtl.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
3ft.  toift.    Introd.  1818.    Flowers  white;  May  and 


Uenlfhtlkm-    WiU.  Dand.  Bill.,1.  l».  t. 


610 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


BKKrofimgt.    'Dend.  Brit,  1. 125.  a.;  and  oar  Jig.  1171.  tnm  a  plant  at 
^ieMnTLoddiget,  andyl^.  1173.  from  WatMo. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Racemes  termioal,  3 — 4f-flowered.  Corollas 
cylindriaily  contracted  at  the  mouth.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
finely  serrated,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers decandrous.  {Don*t  MiU.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub. 
North  America.  Height  1)  ft.  Introduced  in  1812. 
Flowers  white;  July  imd  August.  Berries  purple;  ripe 
in  November. 


1171. 


M  16.  y.  (g.)  blonoa'tum  Wats.    The  elongated  Whortleberry. 


IdaU(fieaiiom.    Wati.  Dend.  Brit.,  1. 125.  a.  i  Don't  Mill.,  S.  p.  864. 
~  r«'    Dend.  Brit.,  1. 125.  a. ;  and  our  /Ig.  117S. 


Spec.  Char„  ^c.  Corymbs  few-flowered,  bractless.  Pedicels 
downy.  Leaves  eluptic-hinceolate,  serrulated,  each  tipped 
by  a  glandular  hair,  and  having  a  few  hairs  on  the  nerves. 
Branchlets  downy.  Corollas  with  reflexed  teeth.  (Don^s 
Mill.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white  ;  July  and 
August.    Berries  purple  ;  ripe  in  November.  *'''*  ^Jt^ 

M  17.  y.  (o.)  MiNUTiFLo^RUM  fVoU.  The  mioute-flowered  Whortleberry. 

Tdemi^teahim.    WaU.  Dend.  Brit,  1 125.  c. ;  Don*f  MOl.,  8.  p.  854. 
Dend.  Brit.,  L  12&  c. ;  and  our  ^.  1174. 


1174.  r.{K.) 


Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Racemes  terminal,  few-flowered.  Corollas 
cvlindrical,  with  erect  teeth.  Leaves  rather  coriaceous, 
bluntly  subserrated,  each  tipped  by  a  gland.  (Don*s 
Mill.)  A  low  deciduous  snrub.  North  America. 
Height  1ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  white;  July 
and  August.    Berries  purple ;  ripe  in  November. 

M  18.  V.  OLA'iiRuii  Watt.    The  glabrous  Whortlebeny. 

IderUi/leaiim.    Wati.  Dend.  Brit,  t  125.  o. ;  Don'i  MDl.,  S.'p.  854. 
Mttgravhtgi.   Dend.  Brit,  L  125.  D. ;  and  our  Jig.  IUBl 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Spikes  lateral.  Corollas  campanulatelv 
cylindrical.  Leaves  elliptic,  entire,  glabrous.  (Ihn*s  MUQ 
A  delicate,  beaudful,  and  perfectly  smooth  deciduous  plant. 
North  America.  Height  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers 
rose-coloured ;  July  and  August.  Berries  purple ;  ripe  in 
November. 

M  19*  y»  FRONDO^suM  L.    The  frondose  Whortleberry. 

Ideniiflettikm.    Lin.  Sp.,  499. ;  Don*t  MiU.,  3.  p.  854. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836. 
S^not^mes.    V.  gladcum  Midu.  Fl.  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  231. ;  Blue  Tanglef,  Amur. 
Engra9img9     Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  140. ;  and  ouryl(f.  1176. 

Spec.  Char.,  4rc  Racemes  loose.  Bracteas  obovate, 
not  half  so  long  as  the  slender  pedicels,  which  bear 
2  small  linear  bracteoles  in  the  middle.  Leaves 
obovate-oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  smooth.  Flowers 
small,  almost  globular,  and  white*  Branchlets 
frondose  (that  is,  abounding  in  leaves),  terete, 
smooth,  and  slender.  Leaves  2  in.  to  3  in.  long, 
glaucous  beneath,  and  sprinkled  with  minute  resin- 
ous dots.  Racemes  lateral,  from  the  former  yearns 
wood.  Flowers  drooping,  greenish  white,  and 
shaped  like  those  of  the  lily  of  the  vallev,  but 
smaller.  Anthers  not  prominent.  (Don't  Jmll.)  A 
low  deciduous  shrub.  New  Jersey  to  Carolina,  in 
woods.  Height  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1761.  Flowers 
white ;  May  and  June.  Berries  blue,  globular,  eatable ;  ripe  in  October. 


ii7«.  r. 


XLIIl,    £BICA*CB«:    TACCl'HliJM. 


1  v./  S  veniHuM  Ait  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  9  vol.  ii.  p.  357.  F.  (roDtldMua 
TV.  a  lanceoUtum  Pvrth  Fl.  Amcr.  Sept.  i.  p.  786.  —  Tbe  lesTcc 
ve  lanceolate,  and  acute  at  both  end*. 

^  80,  V.  buino'bbh  Ail,     The  resinous  Wbortlebeny. 


.    AudrAfiudd  bKclu 


'Sf^'. 


Spec,  Char.,  ^e.     Racemea  leafless,  viscid,  downy,  with  lanceolate  bracteoles 
n  the  pedicels.     Leares  oboTatc-laDceolate,  bluntUh,  entire,  covered  with 
Calyx  in  5  deep  orate  segments,  longer   than  the  ova~ 
num.     Branches  round,  and  downy  when  young. 
Leaves  usually  l^in.  long,  bright  green  oa  botfi 
sides,  and  rather  visdd.     Racemes  lateral,  upon 


A  low  deciduous  shrub, 
in  woods  and  on  mountains. 
Hdght  8  ft.  Introduced  in 
1788.  Flowers  greenish  yellow  i 
May  and  June.  Berries  black, 
eatable ;  ripe  in  October. 


S  ruMnwM  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i.   p.  S86., 


1  to  Carolina, 


£>«»«*«.    OurJt.  llTS. 


V.  AacronA'vBIUii  L.     The  Bear's-Grape  Whortleberry, 
ta,.  MO.  i_  p™'«  ml,  t  p.  M< 


B  tha  plant  Is  the  HonMallunl  SodMr'i  I 


^c.  Char.,  ^c.    Racemes  lateral.     Bracteas  all  at  the  baseof  the  pedicels. 
Leaves  dlipdc,  acute,  minutely  serrated,  hairv  beneath.     Stamens  at  longas 
the  corolla,  which  is  bell-shaped,  with  very  hair;  filainents.     Calyx  slightly 
5-lobed.     Young  branches  downy  on  both  sides.     Leaves  2^  in.  long.    Ra- 
ceoiesTrom  the  wood  of  tbe  preceding  ^ear,  below  the 
Iresh   leafy  shoots,  drooping,  ralber  hsiry ;  each  com- 
posed  oC  S — 10  peudulouB  flowers,  of  a  dirty  white  ^ 
irolour,  tinged  with  purple.     Anthers  spurred  at  die  J 
base.     Corollas  bell-shaped,  hairy.  (AnV  ^m.)     A  ^ 
Urge  dedduous   bhrub.      Coast    of  the   Black    Sea. 
Height  Bft.  to  10ft.    Introduced  in  1600.     Flowers^ 
white,  tinged  with  purple;  May  and   June.     Berries  > 
purple ;  ripe  in  October.  ^ 

Cwimonly  pt>wn  only  as  an  ornamental  ^rub,  yet  it 

might  be  cultivated  for  its  fruit,  which  is  produced  in 

verv  great  abundance,  is  agreeable  to  the  taste,  and 

makes  encelleut  tarta.     All  the  garden  culture  required 

is,  to  place  the  plants  in  sandy  peat,  or  in  peat  and  leaf  ^ 

mould,  k^t  moisL     There  seems  to  be  a  good  deal  of 

coniiWn,  m  British  gardens,  between  this  species  and  tbe 

following  one.  ""■  r,  tttutittivi-^ 


612  ARBORETUM   ET    rRUTlCETUM    BRITANWICDM. 

Jyu^iufi  r.  JnstottiphTlot  imdr.  Bet-  ^''t^f^ ^^^fS^^^^^^'"^/^*'^''  '' 
b^tS^  Bo«.  A-i,  !.».  1  iSl.  Mlg.,™ W4.  ;  1^  w  A*-  iiM,  ud  liil,  nM(.  »«.  fr™ 
1  ipcd^im  Id  II»  HDuno-nnilb  Nunerr- 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Racemes  lateral  Braeuas  aU  at  the  base  of  the  pedicds 
Leaves  ovste-Unceolate,  acute,  ■eiTul»ted,  Bmootii  on  both  surfaces,  except 
the  midrib.  Stamcni  nearly  as  long  at  the  beU-flhu>ed  corolla,  with  smooth 
■lightly  fringed  fiUmenta.     Calyx  fi-lobed.     Corollas  larger  than  those  of 


( 


L«y 


F.  Jrctoitiphylos,  pale  green,  with  a  purple  ttnse :  aometimes  it  imtan  to 
be  all  over  punile  ext«rMllv.  f  Don't  MiB.)  A  hige  deciduous  shruh.  Cau- 
casus, andHaadraon  the  loftiest  parts  of  the  island.  Height  6  ft.  to  1i)ft. 
Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers  pale  green,  tinged  with  purple ;  June  to 
AnguM.    Bemea  black,  jnicy,  eatable  and  agr«w)ly  add ;  ripe  in  October. 


a.  Flomen  raeenuue. 
■.  S3.  F.  CARACASiNu>  H.  B.  et  Kuntk.    The  Caraceas  Whortldierry. 

I4MValiim.    ILB,  (tKoDthllin.  0«.Aiur.,t.|i.M&iDon-i  HIU.,  1.  t«M.  .\ 

Sptc.  Our.,  ^c.  Racemes  axillary,  twice  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Flower* 
secund,  octandrous  or  decandrous.  Leavea  elliptic,  acute,  crenulsted, 
coriaceous,  gUbroua,  shining  above.  Anthers  g-homed 
on  the  1m(£.  Branchlets  angular,  ^abrous.  Leaves  i 
diining  above,  0 — 10  lines  long.  Racemes  crowded  \ 
at  the  tops  of  the  branches.  Corolla  campanulate,  g 
dobnnis,  reddish  white,  with  a  4 — 5.parted  limb,  1 
Segment*  ovate,  acutiah.  Filaments  membranous,  \ 
tihated.  (Don't  Mill,)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  South- 
cnt  decfivily  of  Mount  Silla  de  Caraccas.  Height  8  ft. 
to  3  ft.  Litroduced  iu  1685.  Flowers  reddish  white  ; 
Mity  and  June,    Benies  F. 

tt.  84.  K.  Tt'Tis  IDX^A  L.     The  Mount  Ida  Whortldierr;,  or  Comherry, 

^iHli—i.    nu>  iditSi'rflbn  Cam.  Sf'u.  iK.  j  uie  crd  WhortletHrTT. 

AfTMW-    B<*  CrtK,  t.  low.  1  BBS.  BoL.  [.  BSS.  inD»o,t«.iuidoutjfc,  HM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Racemes  terminal,  drooping,  with  ovate  concave  bracteas, 
which  are  longer  than  the  pedicels.  Leavea  obovate,  revolute,  minutely 
toothed,  dotted  beneath.  Corolla  bell-ehaped.  Root  crceini^  woody. 
Stems  ascending,  a  span  high.  Young  bmiches  terete,  dotrny-  lioves 
like  those  of  box,  but  dariier.  Flowers  pale  pink,  4-cIeft,  octandrous.  An- 
ders without  spurs.  Berries  blood-t^,  acid,  austere,  and  bitter  ; 
palatable  than  either  the  cr~~*~"~       ' '"  '"    '   " 


XLIII.    £R1CA^CEX:    rACCl'NIUH. 


613 


places,  more  eapedally  in  barren  woods  nnd  he«th«.     Hdght  6  in. ;  in  shel- 
tered places,  1  n.    Flowers  pale  junk;  Hay  and  June.    Berries  blood  red  i 
ripe  Sroia  August  to  October. 
The  berries  are  scarcely  to  be  eaten  raw :  but  they  are  made  into  pies  in 

DerbyBbtre;  and,  in  Sweden,  arob,  or  jelly,  is  made  from  them,  which  is  eaten 

with  all  binds  of  roaat  meaL      In  Sweden,  tfais  pre- 

sore   is   also  conndered   an   exceUent  medicine  in 

colds,  sore  throats,  and  all  irritations  of  the  mouth 

or  lauces.     In    Kberia,   the   berriea   are  macerated, 

during  the  autumn  and  part  of  the  winter,  in  water  ; 

and  afterwards  they  are  eaten  in  a  raw  state,  and 

fermented   aloijs   with  baricy   or   rye,   and   a   spirit 

distilled  from  them;  or  with  honey,  and  a  wine  pro-   < 

duced.      Sweetmeats   are  also   made  of  them  with   . 

honey  or  sugar,  which,  in  IBH,  we  found  in  frequent  % 

use  in  Moscow,  at  balls  and  masquerades.   In  Sweden   - 

and  Norway,  die  plant  is  said  to  be  used  in  gardens 

for  edgings,  as  box  is  in  Central  Europe ;  and,  in 

British  gudens,  it  is  sometimes  so  appliul  to  Ameri- 
can beds  and  borders,  and  in  other  cases  where  the 

soil  is  peat.     From  its  smooth  shining  foliage,  and 

the  beauty  of  its  dowers  and  fruit,  the  latter  being 

retained  on  the  plant  for  several  months,  it  forms  e 

varied  edging  than  box,  provided  clipping  can  be  dispensed  with. 

a.  8A.  r.  (r.)  suxiFoYiuK  Saiiib.    The  Box-leaved  Whortleberry. 

~  ~       ~  ir^  t.  4. 1  Ddb'i  HUI..  1.  p.  8K. 

■anU/cia.  Fl  Bar.  Amtr.  I.  p.m. 


s  beautiful  and 


^^ 


Spec.  Char^  rjc.     Racemes  axillarv,  o  _ 

vate,  toothed  or  crenated,  smootn  on  both  sur&ces.    Stems  tufted.  Corollas 

roundish-ovate.      Filaments   ^andulor.      Stigma 

capitate.     Flowers  white,  ddicately  striped  with 

red.    (Don't  MUl.)     The  leaves   are,  however, 

smooth,  even,  and  not  dotted  on  the  under  side. 

Corollas  globular,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  not 

bdl-shaped.     Stamens  10.     Anthers  spurless  at 

the  bas^  discharging  their  pollen  by  lateral,  not 
by  terminal,  aper- 
tures. A  hand- 
some little  ever- 
green shrub,  in  ^ 
stature  and  gene- 

bliiw  race.  Fitis 
idse  a.  Western 
parts  of  Virginia,  „, 

near   Winchester 
and  the  Sweet  Springs.  Hdght6in.   In  trod.  1794,  Flowe 
striped  with  red ;  June.    Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  October. 
>.  86.  r.  (?  V.)  WRTIFO'LIUH  Mieix.     The  Myrtle- 
leaved  Whortleberry. 
Urtt/bmUan.    Ulrhi.  FL  Bor.  Auer.,  I.  p.  xe. ;  Don'i  Mat.  S.  |i.  BU. 
Sr^ravrjtg-    Odt  Jg.  1107.  from  ■  »p«eluiai  la  thv  Haimin  oT  tfa«  JanliD 

^c.  Oar.,  4c.  Creeping,  quite  smooth.  Leaves  petio- 
late,  oval,  shining,  revofute,  sparingly  and  minutely 
toothed.  Racemes  axillary,  nearly  sessile,  of  few  flowers. 
Corolla  bell-shaped,  somewhat  inflated,  minutely  5- 
loothed.     Anthers  without  dorsal  horns.    (Don't  MSU.) 


614 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITAKMICUM. 


> 


Michauz  describes  the  berries  as  snail,  globose,  crowned  by  the  calyx, 
black,  on  short  stalks^  A  low,  creeping,  evergreen  shrub.  Carolina. 
Height  6  in.  Introduced  in  18 IS.  Flowers  pink ;  Biay  to  July.  Berries 
black ;  ripe  in  October. 

JU  27.  V.  ni'tidum  Andr,    The  ^ossy'leaved  Whortleberry. 

Ideni^caiUm.    Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  t.  48a  ;  Pnnh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  889. ;  Don*s  Mill.,  S.  p.  8K. 
Engravingi.    Curt  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1600.  {  and  mxrjig.  1188. 

Spec,  Chttr.p  ^c.  Racemes  terminal,  corymbose.  Bracteas 
shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Leaves  elliptic-obovate,  acute, 
crenated,  smooth,  and  shining.  Corollas  cylindrical.  Stems 
either  erect  or  diffuse.  Leaves  )  in.  to  1  in.  long,  paler 
and  veiny  beneath.  Pedicds,  bracteas,  and  calyx,  very 
smooth,  of  a  shining  red  or  purple  colour.  Calyx  of  5 
broad,  but  rather  shallow,  scj^ents.  Corollas  ovate, 
oblong,  white  or  pink,  with  5  slightly  spreading  teeth,  de- 
candrous. The  branches  are  downy  on  two  opposite  sides. 
(Dtm*s  JMlUtJ)  A  decumbent  everereen  shrub.  Carolina. 
Height  I  ft.  Introduced  in  1794.  Flowers  white  or  pink ; 
May  and  June.    Berries  ?.  iiss.  r. 


BMda 


%,  28.  V,  CRASSiFO^LiUM  Andr,    The  thick-leaved  Whortleberry. 

Andr.  Bot.  R 


Uentffieation.    Andr.  not.  Ken.,  t, 
Stignnittgt.     Bot.  Rep.,  1. 106.  ( 
A?.  1189. 


1. 106. ;  Punh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  1.  p.  989. ;  Don't  Uttl.,  S.  pw  856. 
Curt.  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  1163. }  and  our 


1189.  r. 


S^ec.  CAar.j  8fc.  Racemes  lateral  and  terminal,  corymbose. 
Bracteas  shorter  than  the  pedicels.  Leaves  elliptic, 
crenated,  smooth,  paler  and  veiny  beneath.  Corolla  bell- 
shaped.  Stem  diffuse.  A  hairy  shrub,  requiring  some 
shelter  from  our  variable  winters  and  springs.  Leaves 
not  an  inch  long,  with  a  little  minute  pubescence  on 
the  midrib  and  petioles.  Flowers  5-cleft,  decandrous, 
prettily  variegated  with  pink  and  white,  drooping,  on  red 
corymbose  stalks.  Stamens  hairy.  {DoiCm  mUL)  A 
trailing  ever^een  shrub.  Carolina.  Hd^ht  Gin.  In* 
troduced  in  1787.  Flowers  pink  and  white;  May  and 
June.    Berries  ?. 

tt.  29.  V,  OVA^TUM  Pursh.    The  0Ytite4eaved  Whortleberry. 

IdentiflaUiom.    Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.,  1.  p.  S90. ;  Hook,  et  Am.  in  Beech.  Voj.,  Ft.  Bot,  p.  114. ; 

Don's  Hill.,  Sl  p.  866.  i  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1896. 
Engravmgi.     Bot.  Reg.  1864. ;  our  Jig.  1 190.  from  a  liTing  iped- 

men,  and^.  1191.  from  Bot  Reg. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Racemes  axillary 
and  terminal,  bracteate,  short. 
Leaves  on  short  petioles,  oblong, 
ovate,  acute,  revolute,  serratec^ 
smooth,  coriaceous.  Corolla  cylin- 
drical, campanulate.  Calyxes  acute. 
Shrub  much  branched.  Branches 
hury,  as  well  as  the  petioles. 
{Dorft  Mill.)  A  beaudful  ever- 
ffreen  shrub.  Banks  of  the  Co- 
lumbia Kiver,  and  on  the  north- 
west coast  of  America.  Height 
2il.to3ft.  Introduced  in  1826. 
Flowers  pink ;  May.  Berries  black, 
size  of  a  pea. 


1190.  F.  ovktvin. 


1191.   r.wAtaim. 


n  30.  V.  canadb'nsb  Richards.    The  Canada  Whortleberry. 

Jdent^alkm.    Richards  in  Franklin  Ut  Joum.,  Append. ;  Don's  Mill.,  Z.  p.  866. 
Engravings.    Bot.  Mag.,  t  3446. ;  and  otujlg.  11931. 


XLIII.   £ItICA  CE«: :    OXYCO'CCUB.  t 

■^>ec.  Char.,  ijc.    Leaves  lanceolate,  acute  at  both  ende,  quite  entire,  don 
lUeemee  tenninal.  Flowers  in  racemea  of  from  4  to  6  in 
each.   Style  enclosed.    Corolla  sliort,  and  campaoulate, 
white,  tinged  with  red.    Stem  much  branched,     teaves 
often  1  in.  long.     Berries  blue  black,  agreeable  to  the  , 
laate.  It  may  be  readily  known  from  F.  corjmboBum  by  ^ 
ita  dwarf  siie,  leal^  flowering  branches,  and  campanuUte 
corolla  ;  from  V.  peonsjlvinicum  by  its  large  quite  entire 
leaves,  and  wider  mouth  to  the  corolla ;  and  from  both 
bv  its  leaves  being  very  bmry.  A  low,  branchy,  evergreen 
shrub.  Canada.  Hd^t  6  in.  to  1  ft.  Introduced  in  1834. 
Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red;  May.    Berries?.  lut.  rc^u.. 

b,  FlovKTi  diipoted  m  icaiy  TufU,  nearly  tetiile. 
m.  31.  y.  MybsiniVks  Michx.     The  Myrsine-like  Whortleberry. 


,  ^_, 1  terminal  and  lateral 

tufts.  Leaves  sessile,  oval,  mucronate,  obscurely 
urnted,  mooth  and  shining  above,  and  rather 
hairy  and  dotted  beneath.  Stem  erect,  much 
branched.  Corolla  oblong-ovate.  (Don'i  Mili.) 
Sligbtly  downy  branches.  Leaves  glandular  be- 
neath. Tufits  of  flowers  axillary,  with  purple 
scales.  Calvcine  s^ments  scarlet.  Stamens  10. 
A  beautiful  little  evergreen  Bhnib.  Carolina  and 
Florida,  in  dry  sandy  woods.  Height  6  in.  to 
1  (t.  Introduced  ?.  Flowers  purple  j  May  and 
June.  Berries  ?. 
yarielkt.  '"*"  •'■**""' 

■■  V.  M.  2  latieeoldivM  Purth  SepL  1 .  p.  81K). — Leaves  lanceolate,  t 
at  both  ends. 

a.  V.  M.  3  nbtunu  Pursh  1.  c. — Leaves  roundish-obovate. 


Etgrartng.    Oat  JlK.  1 19*.  (ram  ■  UilDg  iptelDeii. 

^tec.  Char.,  ^c.     Pedicels  axillary,  solitary,  1-flowered, 
furnished  with  many  bracteas.  l^ves  evergreen,  ovate,  ^ 
acutish,  quite  entire,  glabrous  on  both  surbces,  ciliated.   1 
Stem  prostrate,  creeping.     Flowers  decandrous.     An- 
thers  obtuse,  mutic.      Branchlets   downy.      Flowers   ^ 
drooping.    Corollas  campanulate,  white,  often  partially 
tinged  with  red  outside,  with  reflexed  teeth.     Stigina 
capitate.     Filaments  gl^rous,  flattened-  (Doa'i  Mill.) 

A  creeping  evCTgreen  shrub.     North  America,  on  the  ^ ,\nmm 

Rocky  Mo untaiui.   Height  Sin.  to  6in.  Introduced  in 

IBST.     Flowers  white,  tinged  with  red ;  May.     Berry  ?  purple,  edible,  well 

flavoured  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Of  hardy  species  of  racdnium  not  yet  introduced  sevoi  are  described 

in  our  first  edition, 

Genub  XXV in. 


u 


OXVCO'CCUS  Pot.    Thb  CnAMBSiiRT.    £411.  55ii(.  OctAndria  MonogyoiB. 
Miul^eaUim.    Pwi.  B^.,  I.  p.  U». ;  Panh  S^.,  1.  p.  X».  1  Dsn'I  MllL,  I.  ».  SST. 


616  ARBORETUM    ET   FKUTICETUM  BRlTAIfNICUH. 

Svtiompme.     rncctDlum  sp.  of  LlDr  «id  otberi- 

uernatiim.    Froifl  uMmt,  ib4rp»  asd  kokliott  ■  1»iTT  i  Id  TefOnoce  lo  Ube  ibarp  add  UHa  of  tba 

Gen.  CiW.  Calyx  4-toothe(I.  Comila  4-pBrted,  with  neariy  linear  nvulute 
segtnenta.  Stamau  8,  with  connivent  maments.  Anihert  tubular,  S-putcd. 
Bernei  inany-secded.  (Don't  3IUI.) 

Leavei  simple,  altemate,  exRtipalate,  sub-«vergreeD  j  small.  Flowert  pro- 
duced at  the  bese  of  the  spring  branchlcti,  in  short  gemmaceous  racecnes  t 
pedicels  Rliforui,  conspicuously  bibnicteate.  Berriei  red,  rarely  white,  acid. — 
Shrubs,  small,  prostTate,  creeping,  growbg  in  sphagnouB  morasses.  Kuivea 
of  Europe  and  North  America. 

I.  ] .  O.  PALu'sTRiS  Pen.     The  Harsh,  or  common.  Cranberry. 

Mirmikalim.    Fan.  Each..  I. p.  (IS.  i  Doo'i  Mill.,  s.  p.  S58. 

ar^mf/niit.    O.  TulgtHi  PiirA  3CTt.  I.  a.  SS3.,  O.  tauoftivt  Suit.  Om.  Amtr.  1.  n.  ISI.  j  fac- 

efnlum  Oiyotccu  L^  A>.  MS.  i  rKdnian  oircArcui  tit.  m  oiallfaUus  llidu.  Ft.  Bar.  Jmtr. 

t.  p.  ISS.  I   ^icelllla  pdlUtril  Orr,    Emac.   1419. ;  Olic6ccuni   Cord.   Hitl,  ItO.  1.  f.  1.  :    Hum. 

bnilM,  Hoortorrlci,  Fenborlo.  HvthwoiU.  or  WkonldHrrtn,  CanibciTlx,  £^.;  jUrrtI* 

il<ri>iUili>.^nia  nusa  of  CnalHiT  ii  KpiKaal  u  ba  (Imi  fram  Ihi  psdimdiBafUic  Sowenbriaf 
eroakad  at  Uia  toA,  aod.  btlDrv  cha  aipuiloD  of  Uia  flowari,  retaiabllps  tlia  haad  iDd  Deck  of  « 
cnna  <$wM  Wld  iratcf^)  ;  or  IneHue  (bar  un  much  rmlrn  br  cnnn. 

iSIpfe.  Char,,  ^e.  Stems  filiform,  trailing.  Leaves  small,  ovate,  entire,  acute, 
smooth,  with  revolute  margins.  Pedicels  terminal,  I-flowered,  of  a  delicate 
pink  or  rose  colour.  Segments  of  corolla  oval.  Leaves  convex,  and  dork 
shining  green  above,  and  glaucous  beneath.  Stems  reddish.  Pedicels 
few  together,  about  the  tops  of  the  branches,  red,  slightly  hoary.  Corolla 
pink,  with  rdlexed  oblong  segments.  Stamens  with  purple  downy  filaments, 
and  yellow  anthers.  Berries  pear-shaped,  globular,  often  spotted,  crimson, 
of  a  peculiar  flavour,  with  a  strong  acidity,  grateful.  (Doa'i  Mill.)  A  low, 
trailing,  sub-eveiereen  shrub.  Europe,  Siberia,  and  North  America,  in  turfy 
mossy  bogs  on  ue  mountains.  Height  3  in.  to  6  in.  Flowers  pink  ;  Majr 
and  June.  Fruit  crimson  ;  Septemb^,  remaining  on  during  the  winter. 
The  plant  is  readily  increased  by  laying 

sandy  soil  on  its  shoots,  at  the  distance  of 

3  or  6  inches  from  its  main  stem,  when  it 

wilt  send  down  roots  abundantly.     When  it 

is  to  be  grown  for  its  fruit,  a  bed  of  peat 

soil  should  be  prepared  in  an  open  airy  situ- 
ation, where  it  can  be  kept  moist ;  or  the 

mar^n  of  a  pond  mav  be  made  choice  of, 

and  the  plants  planted  there  in  peat  atnl,  in 

a  bed  encircling  the  pond,   1   or  2   inches  ' 

above  the  level  of  the  water,  and  about  I  ft. 

distant  from  ic     The  cranberry  Duiy  also  be  um.  apatMib. 

grown  in  beds  of  dry  sandy  peat ;  and  it  is 

alleged  by  some  who  have  tried  this  method  in  British  gardens,  that  the  fruit 

proauced,  though  smaller  in  quantlt}',  is  of  a  better  flavour 

%,  8.  O.  macroca'rpus  PvnK.    The  la^g(^^^uited,  or  Amcriean,  Cranberry. 

linOlficallon.    Purib  F1.  Amar,  S^..  I.  p   Ml.  i  Don-i  Hill.,  S.  II.  BU. 

fddulSn   "W*-  .^mrr-t^taTrff!.:    ^'Kdnlurn  O^icteciu  0   ot&t^atiia'Midu.  FL  Bcr. 
£runnA^i.    DsDd.  BrlL,  t.  193.)  Bo(.  Ml(.,  t  3686.  |  auijlg.  ]]K.,  aiKloarA- HOT.  bus  Bat. 

Spec,  Char,,  J^c,  Stems  filiform,  trailing.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  nearly  flat, 
nnd  obtuse,  distantly  sub- serrulated  on  the  marnns,  glaucous  beneath,  downy 
at  the  points  when  voung.  Segments  of  the  corolla  linearJanceoUte. 
Flower-bearing  brancfies  erect,  proEferoua.  Pedicels  lateral.  Ptunts  of 
young  leaves,  peduncles,  and  the  marpns  of  the  calyx  and  bractcaa,  downy. 
Berries  spherical,  red,  often  remuning  throughout  the  winter.  {Dtm't  Mill.) 


XLIV.   jTYBA^CEX. 


617 


A  trailing  shrub,  resembling  the  preceding  specif, 
but  larger  and  more  robuBL  Canatls  to  Viniiiiia,  in 
bogs,  principally  on  b  sandy  soil;  and  aUo  fre- 
quently found  on  hi^  mountains.  Hd^t  6  in. 
Introduced  in  1760. 
Flowera  pink ;  May  to 
July.  £erriea  spfieri' 
cal,  red  or  purple ; 
ripe  in  October,  and 
rvmaining  on  through- 
out the  winter. 


X,  O.tii.2  foUa  va-  K 

riegatii     Hart,, 

Kacctmum  nw- 

crodirpuai  fdl. 

var.  Lodd.  Cat., 

has    variegated 

leaves,   and    is 

a  very  onuunental  plant  for  keeping  in  pots,  or  on  moist  rockwork. 
The  fruit  ia  used  like  that  of  the  common  cranberry ;  and  Uke  that  tpecies 
the  plant  way  be  propagated  by  cuttings  taken  from  the  points  of  the  groving 
shoots,  and  planted  in  sand  under  a  hand-glass  ;  or  by  layers,  or  division. 
This  species  is  more  frequently  cultivated  in  British  gardens  for  its  fruit  than 
the  European  cranberry ;  according  to  some,  because  the  fruit  is  larger,  and 
according  to  others,  because  the  Iruit  is  not  only  larger, 
but  better  flavoured. 


■  3.O.  B 


'CTUB  PvrA.    The  erect  Cranberry. 

1.  Anar.  Sept.,  1.  n.  IM. ;  Son-i  Nil]., «.  p.  SSS. 
tnOatrtJviaa  MlcMr.  PI.  Bar.  Amer.  1.  p.  m. 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfe.  Leaves  oval,  acuminated,  serrulated, 
and  ciliated.  Pedicels  axillary.  Corolla,  before  cxpan* 
sion,  long  and  conical,  at  length  revolute.  Stem  erect. 
Branches  flexuous.  Leaves  membranous,  somewhat 
XitoTy.  Flowers  red.  Berries  scarlet  (Watson  says 
black),  quite  tran^Mrent,  and  of  an  exquisite  taste. 
Very  diSerent  in  habit  from  the  other  species.  {^Don'j 
AGU.)  An  erect  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Virginia  and 
Carolina,  on  lofty  mountains.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1S06.  Flowers  red ;  Hay  and  June.  Berries  scarlet 
or  purple ;  ripe  in  October. 


6 


Order  XLIV.     STYRA'CE.^ 

Ord.  Chas.  CW^  5-toothed.  Coroila  funnel. shaped,  usually  5— 6-cleft ;  vst. 
vation  valvale.  Slamnu  10,  monsdelphous  at  the  base,  adnate  to  the  corolla. 
Ovarium  superior,  3-cclled.  Stigma  2-lobed.  Drnp^  nearly  dry,  conttuning 
a  l-celled  1 — 3-seeded  nut.  Albumen  fleshy.  The  superior  oTarimn,  and 
more  deeply  divided  corolla,  separate  this  from  Halewicrffi.  (G,  Don.) 
Leavei  sunple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  usually  toothed,  taming 

Jcllow  when  dry.  Flowcri  axillary,  either  solitary  or  clustered,  with  scale- 
ike  bracts,  white  or  cream-colourod. — Trees  or  shrubs,  usually  clothed  with 
stdlate  towentum ;  nutifcs  of  Ana  and  North  America. 


618 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  L 


iSTY'RAX  Ir.    The  Storax.    Lm.  Sytt.  Dedindria  MonogjFnia. 

Jdentification,    Lin.  Gen^  No.  fi95.:  Tourn.,  t.  369. ;  Just.  Gen.,  lW.s  Gaertn.  Fruct.,  1.  p.  2S4. 

t.  69. ;  UndL  Nat  Sytt.  Bot.,  td  edlt^  p.  2S8. ;  Don's  MiU.,  4.  p.  4. 
Svnonifma*    Alfbodfier,  Pr. ;  Storax,  Ger. 
DernnUiom,    The  word  stunut  ai^plied  to  this  plant  by  The(q;»hraftaf  and  Dloaooridos,  is  a 

alteration  of  tuiMrakt  the  Aralnc  name  of  5.  offldnile. 


mere 


Gen,  Char,f  ^c,  Caiyx  permanent,  campanulate,  5-toothed.  Corolla  monope- 
talous,  funnel-shaped,  deeply  3 — 7-cIefl,  but  usually  5-  or  6-cleft,  yalvate  in 
sstivation.  Stamens  10,  exserted ;  filaments  monadelphous  at  the  base, 
adnate  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  linear,  2-celled,  dehiscing  length- 
wise inwardly.  Ovarium  superior,  3-celled,  many-ovuled,  erect.  Sty£  ]. 
Stigma  obsoletely  3-lobed.  jDrupe  nearly  dry,  containing  a  l-celled,  1 — ^3- 
seeded  nut.  Testa  of  seed  double;  inner  cobwebbed,  outer  spongy.  (Don's 
Mill.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  entire  or  serrated. 
Flowers  racemose,  bracteate,  white  or  cream-colouredd — Low  trees  or  shrubs ; 
natives  of  Asia  or  North  America. 

They  require  a  soil  rather  light  than  otherwise,  on  account  of  thdlr  hair-like 
roots ;  and  to  be  placed  against  a  wall,  in  the  climate  of  London,  when  it  is 
intended  that  they  should  Bower  freely.  In  affinity,  as  well  as  in  general  ap- 
pearance, this  genus  approaches  near  to  that  of  rialesia ;  and  there  is  such 
a  close  general  resemblance  among  all  the  allied  species  of  Stjnx,  that  they 
may  possibly  be  only  varieties  of  one  form.     Seeds  or  layers. 

%  A  1.  5.  oFFiciNA^LE  L.    The  officinal  Storax. 

IdentifieatioH.    Lin.  Sp.,  635. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  7.  p.  7. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  4. 
Sunon^mes.    Lagomclta,  Modem  Greek}  Sturax  kalamltes.  Ancient  Greek  . 
Engravings.    Bot.  Rep.,  681. ;  Bot  Cab.,  9S8. ;  and  our>^.  1199. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  clothed  with  hoarv  hairs  beneath,  shining  and 
green  above.  Racemes  simple  and  axillary,  5— 6-aoweredj 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  about  2  in.  Ions.  Flow- 
ers white.  Drupe  ovate  globose.  {DofCs  MjJL)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub  or  low  tree.  Syria  and  the  Levant. 
Height  12ft.  to  15ft.  against  a  wall;  as  bushes,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  seldom  half  so  high.  Introduced  in 
1597.  Flowers  white,  resembh'ng  those  of  the  orane, 
but  smaller ;  June  and  July.  Drupe  ovate,  greenish ; 
ripe  in  October. 

It  well  merits  a  place  against  a  wall,  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  pure  white  flowers,  and  the  great  profusion 
in  which  they  are  produced.  A  light  sandy  soil,  rich 
rather  than  poor,  suits  this  species  best ;  and  it  is  gene- 
rally propagated  by  seeds  obtained  from  the  SouUi  of 
France.  It  will  also  grow  by  layers,  and  by  cuttings.  Its 
rate  of  growth,  for  the  first  ten  years,  is  not  above  8  or 
9  inches  a  year. 


1199.    S.aAcliiSl0 


!e  A  2.  iS^.  (o.)  grandifo'lium  Ait,    The  large-leaved  Storax. 

Jdent(fication.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  9.  p.  75. ;  Pursh  Sept.,  S.  p.  450. ;  Don's  HOI.,  4.  p.  4 
Synonymes.    S.  officinMe  Wait.  Ft.  Carol.  I4a  :  S.  grandiflorum  MidkM.  Ft,  Bar.  Amer  2.  n  41 
Ingrlinngs.    Bot.  Cab..  1. 1016. ;  Dend.  Brit..  I  laST ;  and  owJ^.SSo.  ^ 

Spec.  Char.,  tj-r.  Leaves  broad,  obovate,  acuminated,  green  above,  but  clothed 
with  hoarv  tomentum  beneath.  Lower  peduncles  solitary,  1-flowered. 
Flowers  white.  (Don's  Mill.)    A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree ;  growing  in 


XLIV.   JTYBA  CEJE  :   STY'BAX. 

woods,  on  the  banks  of  riven,  from  Virginia 
to  Geoi^  Hdght  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  IdUi> 
duced  ia  1765.  Flower*  white ;  June  to 
Augiut. 

Hal^sto  diptero,  the  IcBres  o(  whidi  cioBtAy 
resemble  those  of  5tj>nx  erandifolium,  but 
differ  from  it  in  not  being  aoway  beneath,  is 
frequently  sold  for  it  in  tht 


iSyia:  Char^  4^.     Leaves  ovai-tanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends,  glabrous  on  both 
*     s,  toothed.     Peduncles  axillary,  or  twin,  I'flowered.     Stamens  from 

6  to  10.    {Bmit  MUl.) 

A    deciduous     dirub, 

l>earing  a  close  resem- 
blance to  S.  officinile, 

but  smaller   in   all   its 

parts.     Bouth  Carolina 

and  Virpnia,  in  swamps. 

Height   3  ft    to    4  ft 

Introduced    in     1765. 

Flowers    white  ;    July  ^ 

and  August. 

In  fine  seasons,  the 
flowers  are  succeeded  1^ 
fruit  about  the  size  of  a  red 
currant,  or  of  the  fruit  of 
the  nettle  tree. 

•  *.  S.  (o.)  pclvbkulb'ntdh  JUkhr,    The  powdery  Storax. 

Mmli/kaliam.    Hkbi.  FL  Bor.  Anxr.,  l.p.4l.;  Don'iMIB.,4.  p.  t, 
SniiwMC.    S.  t»rtiMini&<.  Vof.  LMl. 

SiitraUtv^    Bat.fl*c.,l.m.i  lTHKLBTlt..l,4i.|  udiiarA.lK>- 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  almost  sessile, 

ovate  or  obovale,  obtuse,  clothed  witli 

powdery  tomentum  beneath.     Flowers 


Order  XLV.     HALES/^C£^ 

OmD,  Cbas.  Co/^  44oothed.  ComliEa  campanulate,  Globed.  Slameiu  \2 — 
16 ;  monadelpfaous  at  the  beae,  and  odnate  to  the  corolla.  Ovartum  inferior. 
Syk  Bud  Sterna  simple.      Ihupe  dry,  with  i — 1  winged  angles,  contain- 


620 


ARBORETUM   ET   VRUTICETUM   BRITAMNICUM. 


ing  a  8 — 4^<rel1ed  nut.     CelU  l-«eeded.     Albumen  fleshy. — The  inferior 
ovarium  is  sufficient  to  distinguish  this  from  all  nearly  aJlied  orders.  (G, 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated  or  nearly  entire. 
Fiowers  in  fascicies,  pedicellate,  drooping,  white. — Trees  or  large  shrubs, 
deciduous ;  natives  or  North  America. 

Genus  L 


H 


HALE'S/il  Ellis,    The  Halbsia,  or  Snowdrop  Tebb.  Lm,  Sysi. 

Dodec&ndria  Monogynia. 

ItUntifieaUm.    ElUi  In  Lin.  Gen.,  Na  89&  ;  Don't  MIIL,  4.  p.  6. 
Stnumifme,    HalM«,  Fr.  and  Ger. 

DerHuUkm.    Named  by  EUb  In  honour  of  the  learned  and  renerable  Siepkem  Hold,  D.D.  F.R.S., 
author  of  Vegetable  Statuttes. 

Gen,  Char,,  S^c,  Corolla  monopetalous,  yentricosely  campanulate,  with  a 
4-lobed  erect  border.  Stamens  12  to  16;  filaments  combined  into  a  tube 
at  the  base,  and  adnate  to  the  corolla.  Anthers  oblong,  erect,  8-celled,  de- 
hiscing lengthwise.  Ovarhtm  inferior.  Style  1*  Sl^^ma  annple.  Drvpe 
dry,  corticate,  oblong,  with  2 — 4  winged  angles,  terminated  by  the  perma^ 
nent  style ;  containing  a  2— -4rcelled  putamen,  which  is  acute  at  both  ends. 
CelU  1-seeded.    Seeds  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  cells. 

Leaves,  ^e,,  as  in  the  Order.  Flowers  in  lateral  fascicles,  pedicellate, 
drooping,  white. — Trees,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America  ;  verv  hardy 
in  England  ;  thriving  best  in  peat  soil  kept  moist,  and  ripening  seeds,  from 
which,  or  from  layers,  they  are  readily  propagated. 

2  1.  H.  tetra'ptbra  L.    The  foar-mnged'/ruited  Halesia,  or  common 

Snowdrop  TVee, 

Ident^aiiom,    Lin.  Sp.,  636. ;  Elllt  In  Phil.  Tram.,  vol.  61.  p.9SI.  t.  SS.  f.  A ;  Don^t  Mm.,4.  p. 6. 
Svnomgmee.    The  Snowdrop  Tree,  Silver  Bell  Tree,  Jmer. 

Engravings.   Bot.  Mag.,  t.  ^10. ;  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  UTS. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit,  1ft  edit,  roL  tL  ;  and 
our>i^«.  1S04, 1S05. 

ISpec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminated,  sharply  serrated.  Pe- 
tioles glandular.  Fruit  vrith  4  wings.  Leaves  acuminateo,  with  the  middle 
depressed.  Flowers  pure  white,  9 — 10  in  a  fiiscicle, 
drooping,  resembling  those  of  the  snowdrop.  The 
wooa  is  hard  and  veined ;  the  bark  is  of  a  darkish 
colour,  with  many  irregular  fissures.  (Don's  Mill,) 
A  Low  deciduous  tree.  South  Carolina,  along  the 
banks  of  rivers.  Heieht  15  ft.  to  90  ft.  Introduced 
in  1756.  Flowers  white ;  April  and  May.  Fruit 
brown  ;  ripe  m  October,  and  remuning  on  great  part 
of  the  winter. 

Its  flowers,  which  resemble  those  of  the  snowdrop, 
are  produced  in  great^abundance.  The  tree  is  one  of 
the  nardiest,  and,  at  the  same  time,  one  of  the  most 
ornamental  of  the  American  deciduous  trees.  The  rate 
of  growth,  for  the  first  five  or  six  years,  is  12  or  18 
inches,  or  more,  a  year ;  and  in  ten  years  it  will  attain 
the  height  of  12  or  15  feet,  if  properly  treated  ;  but,  as 
it  is  generally  kept  too  dry,  it  is  seldom  seen  at  above 
half  this  height  at  that  age.  It  ripens  seeds  finely  in  j^  ^  mtk«un, 
this  country ;  from  which,  or  from  imported  seeds,  it 
is  readily  increased.     The  seeds  often  remain  above  a  year  in  the  ground. 


XLT.    IIALESIjI  CEX: 


. . Ul^t.p.I. 

SafnvAtfi.    Dot.  Rai„  i.  Mt. ;  tnA  osr  JIf-  l*IB. 

^xc.  Char.,  ^e.  Leave*  ovate,  oblong,  acute,  neariy 

entire.      Flovren    octandroua.      Fruit    davat^ 

ali^tly  winged.      Leavei   down^  glaucoua  b^ 

neath.       Racemei    panicled.       Flowers    white, 

drooin'ng.     Calycine  teeth  ovate.    (Dotfi  MilL) 

A  low  dedduoiu  tree.  Florid*.    Hekbt  lOfl. 

Introduced  ID  ISOS.   Flowera  white  ;  Hay.  Hor< 

ticultunl  Society's  Qarden. 

Obrioiuly  a  semiDal  variety  of  the  preceding     _ 
■peaei.  ism.  a.H.)jm<it^^ 

<  3.  H.  Di'PTEKA  L.  The  two-wh^ed^/rvitA'  Hakiia,  or  Snowdrop  Tree. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^t.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  Krrsted.     Petioles 
■moolh  and  even.      Pedicels  elongated.     Fruit  with  2    J 
large  opposite  wingt,  and  8  obsolete  ones.      Flowers  y 
octandrouB.     Leaves  much  larger  than  those  of  ^iher    * 
of  theprecedingspedes.  (Don't  Mili.')    A  low  deciduous 
tree,     Oeoraia  and  Carolina,  in  shady  places,  on  banks     I 
of  rivers.     Height  ID  fl.    Introduced  ia  1758.     Flowers 
white ;  April  and  Hay.  (/i>     Uy 

The  leavea  of  this  spedes  are  broad,  resembling  those      t^-  H-in-^ 


623  ABBORETDK   BT  FRUTICETDH   BRITANVICUM. 

of  St^nx  grandifftlium,  with  nhicli,  u  it  doei  not  frequently  flower  in  a 
young  state,  it  is  generally  coofounded  in  nurseries. 


Order  XLVI.    SAPOTjfCE^. 

Ohd.  Char.  Calt/z  regular,  pra^tent.  Corolla  of  as  maay  lobea  tu  there 
are  divisions  in  the  caly'ii  rarely  double  or  triple  that  number,  dedduous. 
Stametu  epipetalous,  otstinct,  definite ;  fertile  ones  equal  in  number  to  the 
segments  of  die  calyx,  altem^ing  with  the  s(smenta  of  the  corolla  ;  stcaile 
ones,  when  present,  alternating  with  the  fertile  ones.  Ovarium  many-celled. 
edit  1-seeded.  Bary  many-celled,  or  only  l-celled  by  abortjon.  Seedi 
nucantentaceouB.  Tetla  bony,  scraped  in  front.  Albumea  fleshy.  (G.Don.) 
Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  eTerpreen  ;  quite 
entire,  coriaceous.  Floven  axillary. —  Shrubs  or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Africa 
and  America.  The  genera  are  two,  and  in  British  gardens  theyrequire  a  wall. 
AsoA'iflA.     Calyx  lO^iarted.     Corolla  fr<Jefl.     Drupe  containing  a  t — 3- 

^umk'lia.    Calyx  and  Corolla  5-psrted.   Stamens  10.  Berry  1-seeded. 

Genus  I. 


aa 


A&GS'lflA  Rom.  et  Schultea.  The  Aboania.  Im,  Sytl.  Pentindris 
Monog^nia, 

U/MOeaUim.    Iton.U  Schultai  3)'U.,M.;  Dcn'i  1IU],4.  p.  ». 

Sfmtt^ma.    Bldertijlon  ipliitauiii  Liu. ;  I'Argu.  fV.  i  ElHuboti,  Oir, 

(krAuUn.    FroiiiiirfaaitlixtwdiluIiuiMtifetiatrH. 

Gen,  Char.,  ^c.  Ca^x  5 — 10-cleft:  the  leaflett,  or  rather  tcakt,  roundish, 
concave,  diEUosed  in  a  double  series.  CinvUa  cup-Bhu>ed,  5-patted,  with 
ovate-lanceolate  subemarginate  tseffaeaU ;  bavbg  5  petaUike  linear-subulate 
E^ments  adhering  to  the  base  of  the  corolla,  and  alternating  with  its 
segments.  Stamem  5,  filiroTOi,  length  of  corolla,  and  adnate  to  its  base. 
Anihert  incumbent,  ovate,  keeled  on  the  back.     Osaxiina  conical,  hairy. 


by  the  style,  S — S.'Celled.     Cellt  1-seeded.     Seedt  hard,  smooth,  having  a 
longitudinal  furrow  inside.  {Dtm'i  MiU.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exBdpulate,  sub-ever- 
green ;  entire.  Flower*  lateral,  axillary,  scattered 
or  crowded,  sessile.  Corolla  n-ecnish  yellow. 
Fruit  dotted  with  white,  wze  or  a  plum,  fall  of 
white  milky  juice.  —  Tree  or  large  shrub,  sub- 
evergreen  ;  native  of  Morocco,  and  somewhat 
lender  in  British  gardens. 

t  ■  1.  ^  Sii>BR0'xTL0N  Sara,  el  StAuUei.     The 
Iron-wood  Argania. 

MnUiflaiUaii.    Ram.  el   SchulUs  SftL,  4.  p.  tot,  (  Don'l  HflL, 


S^'ip.  MJ.    ■  "-P-     ■,  anil      a. 

MHgrar^i.    Cumm.  Hart.,!.  M.I  udaurA.  IMS. 

Spec.  CAar.,  ifc.  An  evergreen  tree  of  middle  ^c, 
with  a  bushy  head.  Branches  terminated  by 
strong  spines.  Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  bluniisb. 


XLVI.   SATOTjCcEJE  :   i?VHE^IA.  623 

glabroiu,  paler  beneetb ;  the  lower  ones  in  feflcides.  Flowers  lateral,  and 
axillary,  «cfitter«d  or  crowded,  Mtsile.  C<Mtilla  greenish  yeliow.  Fruit  dotted 
with  white,  riie  ofa  ptura,  full  of  white  Dnlkv  juice.  {JimCt  JUill.)  A  low 
iul>«vergreeD  tree.  Morocco,  in  woodi.  Height  15iit.  toSOft.  agunst 
awol)  j  not  half  that  height  as  a  bush.  Introduced  in  1711.  Flowers 
greenish  j^low. 

It  will  stand  our  wiutera  as  a  standard,  but  thrives  best  whoi  planted 
agunst  a  wall.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 


Genus  IL 


TsB  BuifBLt4.    Lm,  Si/tl.  PentiindHa  Monogyniiu 

,  p.  49. 1  Fl.  Ind.  Occ,  1.  p.  439. ;  Don-i  UIU.,  4.  p.  ». 

..  Pair. ;  SldcrAirUn  ip.  Lam.  and  cXhcn  i  Chif^fUun  ip.  Autt. 

Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Calgi  5-parted.  CoroHa  with  a  short  tube,  and  a  5-fiarted 
limb,  Aimished  with  3  scales  at  the  base  of  each  segment.  Stamem  5,  in< 
(erted  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  and  opposite  its  segments,  having  as 
many  membranous  scales,  or  sterile  filaments,  alternating  with  them.  Ova- 
rium S^celled.  Celit  l.ovuled.  Sligma  simple.  Drupe  ovate,  l-beeded. 
Seed  albuminous.  (Don't  lUiU.) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sub-eveisreen  ;  scattered,  entire. 
Flowert  in  axillary  and  lateral  peduncles,  usually  1-flowered,  crowded  in 
fascicles,  whitish. —  Trees,  in  British  gardens  shrubs;  natives  of  South 
America.  Common  eoH  ;  and  cuttings  of  the  young  wood  in  sand,  under  a 
hand-glass. 

*  ■  \.B.  irciiii^DBg  Gortn.    Tie  Box-thom-like 
Bumclta. 

1^  4.  tt  M. 

e.  t.&.:  s. 


t4l%lifitMia».  Oartn.  SI.  Ctn.,  i.  p-  ItT.  t.  190,  :  San 
SsKonfmn.  SMu^rloa  /fcIBldn  Dm  Ham.  Art.  i. 
Ib'ti  u-aU.  n.  Canl.  f,  lOD. :  LfdOldei  ip.  Lrn.  H 
fiwrnnv'.    Da  Han.,  I.  p.  MO.  t.  6a.  i  aod  our  fit- 1 


Flowers  in  axillary  fascicles. 

■ubulBte.     Leaves  8  in.  long,  deiddu- 

ous,    tt    little    silky    while    young. 

Flowers  greenish   white.     Segments 

of  corolla  ?  trifid  :  perhsfis  from  the 

two    scales    inside     each     segment. 

{Don't  Atai.)  A  sub-evergreen  shrub. 

Carolina,  in   shady  woods.     Height 

eft.  tolOfbct.     Introduced   in  1T5S. 

Flowers  greeuish  white. 

Scarcely   injured    by   the   winter  of 

1S37-8,  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Oard.;  and 

tram  this,  and  also  from  the  beauty  of 

its  foliage  and  flowers,  deserving  to  be 

much  more  generally  introduced.  —^ 

RBCLiNA^A  Tfn/.     The  rcclinate-Jroncifit  Bumelia. 

n.  I  T^anb  S«t.,  ).  p.  IH.  ;  Don't  Hill.,  4.  p.  N 
Umii  moki.  A  Bar.  Amtr.  I.  p.  IM. 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITAKHICUM. 


Spec.    CAar.,    ^c.       Spiny,    bushy,    dtlfbseiy    reclinate. 
Leaves    smalt,   obOTHte,   quite   imooth.      Flowen  in 
Bxillary  fascicles-      Young  branche*  terminated  by  a   I 
looB  spine.     LesTci  alternate,  or  in  faacidea.     Corolla  . 
aniT  B^es  serrated.     Sterile  Glarocnts  subulate,  entire. 
Drupe  ovate.  (Don't  JUUi.)     A   aniBll  ttniggling  shrub. 
Gcorpa,  on  the  banlca  of  rivere.      Hei^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  * 
Intn>duced  in  1606.    Flowen  small,  white  (  January, 


»i  3.  B.  tsVaz  Wm.     The  tougb-ArancAnt  £ 

Im.     Wnid.  Sp.,  I.  IOMl  I  Enom.,  p.  t«l.  I  Don'i  MiU..  (.  p.  tB. 

I.    B.  cblTKDbTUtlllld  /vi*  Fl  Jmtr.  Srpl.  1.  p.  lU. :  itdmUjIcig  Itnu  Ul.  XaM. 

t.  HTlnmn  WA  FU  Car.  p.  lOa  i  H,  dUTHObrlkfldai  Mltlu.  Fl.  Bar.  Awicr.  1.  p.  ia.  1 

Chrriaptif  Hum  carnUDiDHi  Jac^.  (Mi.  1.  p.  *.  L  M.  j  C.  (Ubnia 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obotrate-lanceolate,  of  a 
rusty  ulva^  colour  beneath,  silky.  Flowers  in 
axillary  &sacles.  Branches  vet^  tough.  Bark 
white.  Leaves  dedduous.  Calycine  and  corolline 
B^imenta  ovate  obtuse.  Segments  of  nectary 
tnfid.  Stamens  tbe  length  of  corolla.  Drupe 
oval.  {Don't  HSU.)  A  Tow  tree,  in  England  a 
shrub.  Carolina,  b  dry  situations,  Hmght  80ft. 
Introduced  in  1765.  Flowers  small,  white,  pro- 
duced &cely  ;  July  and  August 


The  wooUy-^niwrf 


Men^y^km.    Punli  Fl.  Amar.  Sap!.,  I.  p.  lu.  i  Don't  HUl.,  t.  p.  ML 
jbKMMia.     BUcrlliTlaD  Uancbitaun  JVMi.  FL  Bar.  Amur.  I .  p.  1>9.  i 

S.  I&u  WmU.  Fl  Oir.  p.  lOL 
Xafrarfrng.     Our  JIf.  Illl.,  fran  ■  ipKiDan  la  Dr.  UoHtfi  berta- 

Spee.  Char^  ^c.  Rather  iinnose.  Branchlets  spreading, 
downy.  Leaves  oval-lanceolate,  ^abrous  above,  and 
woolly  beneath,  but  not  silky.  Flowers  va  axillary  fesd- 
cles  ;  very  nearly  allied  to  B.  tenax,  but  differs  in  the 
leaves  being  woolly  beneath,  not  nlLy,  often  obtuse. 
(Don't  Mill.)  A  small  tree.  Carolina  and  Georgia, 
m  humid  situations  among  bushes.  Height  10  ft.  to 
15ft.     Introduced  in  leH)6.     Fkiwen  greenish  yellow. 

T  5.  £.  OBLONDiPo'i.ii  tfull.    The  oblong-leaved 


JdnMcaMM.    NuU.  G«,  Amr.,  1 ......  . .    ....... 

Si^anrng.    Ourjv- 1095.  )D  II  llOt. 

Spec.  Char.,  4v.  Spiny,  Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  obtuse,  deciduous.  Flowen 
conglomerate,  nearly  sessile,  yerj  numerous.  Scales,  or  sterile  filaments, 
trihd.  Tree  with  numerous  twisted  branches.  Calycine  segments  ovate, 
concave.  Drupe  purple.  Wood  fetid.  {Don't  MilQ  A  low  tree.  North 
America,  on  the  Hisstssippi,  near  tbe  lead  mines  of  St.  Louis.  Hoght 
IBft.  to  eoft.  Introduced  in  18IS.  Flowers  greenish  yellow,  produced 
in  cbundance  ;  July  and  August. 


Order  XLVII.     £BENA^CE^ 

CWjff  3- or  6-parted,  persistent.     CoroUa  deciduous,   3-  or  6- 
..:.,.•....,  imbricate.     SlanKru  de6nit^  epipettJous,  6  or   18,  or 


XLvti.  £bena'ce.c:  diospyros.  625 

more.  Onanum  many-celled;  edit  1 — 2-Beeded.  Slyle  uauall;  dhidod. 
Stigmai  bifid  or  tiiRd.  Bmy  few-Eeeded  bj  Bbortion.  Albumen  cartila- 
^noua.  The  double  Etameni,  pendulonB  ovule,  and  unueitml  flowers, 
distingubh  thii  ordo'.  (G.  Don.) 

Leavei  dmple,  BhemBte,  exstipulate,  deciduoiu  j  quite  entire,  cwiaceous. 
Floaen  siillery,  peduncle  lolitarj. 

Gehus  I. 


DIOSPY^ROS  L.    Tbb  Datb  Plum.    Un.  Sjfil.  Polyg&inw  Dite'cia. 

^•itmgma.    gtKtm  Otmm.  i  Owaiicama  TamB.  >7^.  -,  Ftonuenbler,  FT. ;  DmtUlplBiiH,  Oir. 

OrrfniUtm.  DtoipuTM  (cUh.  dlrlH,  ud  wwnl,  vbeal,}  «i  ■  duiii  itrn  taj  Iha  uclniU  to  Itas 
coamdo  tmiBmll  (UtfaofpAiuuiu  ciwillel.  It«  ainUeukn  to  xht  iatt  pluu  fnbtHAj  atdh 
(nn  cooftandtDC  the  Onrt  fHW,  wta«L  wHh  the  Lads  HTiu,  *  pnr  tng,  ta  Ai  fndt  of  vhick 
tiM  dtl*  |4inii  mq  kin  Iihb  tbooiht  to  bcu  wnw  nmnbUDca. 

Gen.  Char.,  SfC.  Plotpert  polygamoaa.  Ctifyr  deeply  44:left,  gometiines  3-  or 
6-deft.  Corolla  urceolate,  4^1eft  ;  sometiineE  3-  or  6-deft.  Maie^fioioert 
having  the  stamens  inserted  by  pmrs  into  the  base  of  the  corolla,  twice  the 
number  of  ita  scgmeoti,  with  double  or  twin  filaments,  and  the  rudiment 
of  a  piitil.  Hermaphrodite  Jtoneri  baring  fever  and  iterile  stamens  Ova- 
rhm  e — IS-celled  ;  cdl*  l-aeeded.  ffny  globose,  with  atpreading  calyx 
which  is  at  length  reflexed.     (Don'i  JiLlQ 

LeaBet,aa  in  the  Order.  Flowert  white,  or  pale  yellow.  —  Trees  or 
shrubs ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Bun^  or  North  America.  Seeds ;  and 
the  American  kinds  in  peaty  soil  kept  moist. 

X   I.  B.  iM^va  L.     The  European  Lotus,  or  conmon  Date  Plum. 
MnuMaUiM,    LIil  Bp.,  ItlD. ;  Wind.  Sp.,  1.  p.  «n.  i  Dm'i  MUL,  4.  p.  H. 
Sfmoii/wKM.    VwnaitHtitm  Mtuk.t  Oh&cAu  patnTlu  ItoBTH.  1  IbiAui  Llgnnm  VHc,  Wood  of 
LUB,  Podiwood.  Bwtiinl  Mgijnwood,  Oirar*;  DitMot  TntotaoDde-,  FlMiimiiluln,  ftai  Lotkr, 


tarmAw.    ML  n.  BaH»  I.  p.n.  t. 
Srtt.,  1st  tdll.,  tol.  iL  1  md  ourj^  ]) 


626  ABBORKTUM    £T   FRUTICBTUM    BRITANNICUM. 

S^ec,  CHar.,  S^c.     Leaves  oUohk  BciuniiuM,  downy  beneath  ;  leaf  buda  htatj 
inaide.     Flowera  small,  reddiin  while.    Fruit  rize  of  a  cherry,  vellow  when 
ripe,  iweet  with  aitiingcnc;:  it  is  recommended  ai  a  cure  for  diairhtea. 
{Dm't  Mill.)     A  low  tree.     Caucasus,  tha  woods  of  Hyrcania,  and  the 
whole  coast  of  the  Cufnan  Sea,  and  Mauritania.     Heicht  SO  ft.  to  30  ft^ 
nud  sometimes  much  niriier.    Introduced  in  1506.    FJowen  reddiab,  or 
yellowish  white  ;  Jul}'.     Fruit  yellow ;  ripe  in  October. 
The  h 
and  exposed  to  the  a  . 
colour  in  autunin,  but  drop  off  simultaneously  with  the  first  attack  of  shaqi 
frost,     Rinenmg  its  fruit  freely  in  the  South  of  France  and  Italy,  seeds  hare 
been  readily  procured  ;  and  the  plant  has  never  been  rare  in  British  collec- 
tions ;  but,  as  it  is  somewhat  tender,  there  are  few  la  ge  specimens  of  it.     It 
grows  at  the  rate  of  IS  or  IB  inches  a  year,  for  the  first  ten  yevts,  especially  if 
the  soil  in  which  it  ii  planted  is  free  and  loamy,  and  rich  rather  ^sn  poor. 

i  a.  D.  viRoiHiA^A  L.     The  Virginian  Date  Plum,  or  Permmo*. 
Mnielcallim.    LJu.  Bp.,  ISIO.;  Dso't  lflU.,4.p.». 
Snoirmi,    CiHffalu  CUHb.  Car.  1. 1.  T(L 
lh«nn««(.    DMdr.  Btlt,,l.'l«,  1  UwpliiM><D  Alb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.;  udonrA.  IHfi. 


^>ee.  CWt  *tf-      Learea  onrte-obloog,  acnminated,  gtabnma,  aUning  abovc^ 


XLViii.  olea'cex.  637 

and  paler  beneatli.  reticulately  Tdned.     Pedolea  abort  snd  curved,  wad,  u 

well  a«  the  braDchlets,  downy.     Leaf  buds  glabrous.     Flowen  quadrifid, 

rarely  quinquefid.   F\overa  pale  yellow.  (Don'i  MUl.)    A  low  tree.   United 

States.     Height  80ft.  to  30 ft.  in  tfae  neighbourhood  of  Loodon,  but  mucb 

higher  in  the  United  States.    Introd.  in  10S9.    Flowers  pale  yellow ;  July. 

Fruit  yellow  ;  ripe  about  the  time  the  tree  drops  its  leaves  in  November, 

The  persiiDon  is  readily  distinguithed   trom  the  European  date  plum,  by 

its  leaves  being  nearly  of  the  same  shade  of  greoi  on  both  surfaces ;  while 

those  of  the  latter  are  of  a  dark  purplish  green  above,  and  much   paler,  and 

furmshed  with  somewhat  of  a  pinkish  down,  beneath.     The  leave*  of  the  per- 

simon  vary  from  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length  ;  and,  wh^i  they  drop  off  in  the 

autumn,  they  are  often  vari^^ted  with  black  spots.     It  is  rather  more  tender 

than  the  preceding  species ;  and,  to  thrive,  requires  a  peety  tv  soft  s<hI,  k(^ 


.  FunbFL  ABMr.Snt.,l.p.ai 
D.TlnlaUiuTu,  Utiii.  dri.  R 
OiBjIg.  int.,  ban  m  ipeelmB  li 


i^wc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  acute^  downy  beneath. 
Petioles  loog.  Fruit  few-seeded.  (Dm'*  MUl.)  A  low 
tree.  Virginia,  Carolina,  and  Georgia.  Height  80  ft.  to 
30ft.  Introduced  in  1SI8.  Flowers  pale  yellow;  July. 
Horticultural  Society's  Qarden. 

OOier  Kindi  of  hardy  THotfjrn: — There  are  several  names 
in  the  catalogues  of  American  nurserymen,  and  in  183S 
there  vicre  plants  corrcspotidiiu  to  these  names  in  the 
Hort.  Soc  Garden.  These  we  have  examined,  and  we  are 
perfectly  satisfied  that  they  are  only  slight  variations  of  D. 
virginiina,  and,  in  short,  that  this  is  the  only  North  American 
species.  O.  likcida,  D.  tnto'inddia,  D.  dfgyna,  and  D,  ^ 
^cta  are  included  in  the  above  rctoarks. 


Order  XLVIII.     OLEA'CE^ 

Ord.  Cbab.  Flowen  hermaphrodite,  sometimes  dicEciousi  Calyr  divided, 
permanent.  O)rolla  4-cleft ;  sometimes  4^taled.  Feiali  connected  by 
pairs,  rather  valvate  in  Estivation  ;  sonietinieK  wanting.  Slamem  8,  alter- 
nating with  the  segments  or  petals.  Anihen  2-cdled  ;  cells  dehiadng  length- 
wise. Ovarium  simple,  guarded  by  no  glandular  disk,  2-cellod  j  cells  S-seeded. 
Oe«^«  pendulous,  collateral.  Slyie  simide  or  wanting.  SHgaia  bifid  or 
undivided.  Fmil  drupaceous,  baccate  or  capsular,  often  l-seeded  by  abor- 
tion. Seedt  with  dense  copious  albumen.  EnAno  middle-sized,  longitudi- 
nal, stnught.  CotyUdont  foliaceoua,  half  free.  Itadide  superior.  Pltmiule 
inconspicuous. — Trees  and  shrubs,  natives  of  both  hemispheres,  and  for  (lie 
most  part  deciduouG.  (Don'i  Miil.) 

ZtitBei  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exstipulatc,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ; 
entire  or  serrsted.  Flowert  racemose  or  paniclcd,  terminal  or  axillary,  with 
opponte  unibracteate  pedicels. 

The  Ss/rhga  supplies  some  of  our  most  beautiful  deciduous  shrubs,  and  the 
Z-ignstrum  and  i'hdlfrea  some  useful  evergreens.  Some  of  these,  as  .PV&xi- 
nus,  are  timber  trees.  All  the  species  are  remarkable  for  the  production  of 
numovuB  white  fibrous    roots,   in  dense   masses,    near  the  suriiice  of  the 


628  ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUlf  BRITANMICUM. 

ground,  in  consequence  of  which  they  are  all  easily  transplanted  when  young, 
and  injurious  to  pkints  growing  under  them  when  full  grown.  The  genera  are 
arranged  in  3  sections. 

Sect.  I.    Olefin  A. 

Sect.  Char.  CorolU  short,  monopetalous,  campanulate  or  urceolate,  4-cIeft. 
Stamens  2,  with  short  filaments,  and  erect  anthers.  Fruit  drupaceous. 
Shrubs  with  simple  leaves,  more  or  less  coriaceous,  and  in  some  spedes 
evergreen. 

Liou'sTRUH  Toum.    Corolla  funnel-shaped.      Stamens  enclosed.     Stigma 

bifid.    Berry  globose,  containing  two  chartaceous  nuts. 
Philly^rea  Dioic.    Corolla  campanulate.    Stamens  a  little  exserted.  Stigma 

thickish.    Berry  globose. 
Chiona'nthus  lAn.    Calyx  4^parted.     Segments  of  corolla  linear.     Stamens 

enclosed.     Stigma  trifid.    Drupe  containing  a  striated  1-seeded  nut. 

Sect.  II.    Syri'nors. 

Sect.  Char.  Corolla  funnel-shaped  or  campanulate,  4^-5-parted.  Stamens 
2,  short.    Fruit  capsular,  2-celled.    Deciduous  shrubs.     Leaves  simple. 

Smi'vQA  Lin.  Calyx  4^toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  4-parted.  Stamens 
enclosed.  Stigma  bifid.  Capsule  2-ceIled,  2-valved.  Seeds  compressed, 
with  membranous  margins. 

FoNTANB^Li  Labili.  Calyx  4-parted.  Corolla  of  2  petals.  Stamens  elon- 
gated, and  stigma  bifid.     Capsule  papery,  indehiscent.     Cells  1 -seeded. 

Sect.  III.    Fraxinib^jb. 

Sect,  Char.  Flowers  polygamous.  Calyx  4-parted  or  wanting.  Stamens  2, 
short.  Anthers  dehiscing  externally.  Stigma  nearly  sessile,  bt&d.  Fruit 
2-cclled,  compressed,  winged  at  the  top^  usually  l-seeded.  Trees  deci- 
duous, with  compound  leaves. 

J^RA^xiNUs  Toum.    Flowers  polvgamous.    Petals  wanting.    Samara  l-celled. 
CKrnus  Pert,    Flowers  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous.    Petals  4.    Samara 
2-celled. 


Sect  L     OhEmM. 
Genus  I. 


§L 


XIGU^STRUM  Toum.    The  Privet.    Lm.  SyH.  Diindria  Monogynia. 

JdmtificaiioH.    Toum.  Init..  t  9Sr. ;  Lfn.  Gen.,  Na  ft  ;  Don*t  MUl.,  4.  p.  44. 

amonjfmet.    Troene.  A*. ;  Rainweide,  Oer. 
erivatiom.    Said  to  be  fttmi  %0,  to  tie ;  in  raferenoe  to  Its  flexible  bnmcbet. 

Gen,  Char.  Cafyx  short,  tubular,  4-toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  with  the 
tube  exceeding  the  calyx,  and  the  limb  4-parted.  Stament  2,  with  short 
filaments,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Style  very  short.  Stigma 
obtuse,  bifid.  Berry  globose,  containing  2  chartaceous  1-seeded  nuts. 
Albumen  hardish.    KnSnyo  inverted.  (^Don's  MUt.) 

Leaves  umple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous  ;  entire,  gla- 
brous. Flowen  terminal,  compound,  in  thyrsoid  racemes. — Shrubs  or  low 
trees ;  natives  of  Europe  or  Asia. 

Readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  common  soil. 


XLTiii.     olea'ceje:  jliou'strum. 
I  a  1  I   1.  X.  tuloa'Kb  TVag,     The  common  Privet. 

Tng.  H<i(.,  lOm.  I  Lin.  Sp..  1,p.  10,  >  Don')  HU1.,  4.  p.  M. 

aptimrmcM.  <..  geno*nlniin  »»*«f«.<78.i  Prim,  or  Pfin-printi  TroiM,  Pull 
nqiet»  ftalnwihte,  Gcr.  ;  Uguilro  OIItcIU.  IIoL 

JlcrrMMn  Thli  pLuit  wu  «iic1nil1j  t»H«l  prim,  or  priu-ptlat,  from  lu  bdog  lu 
KulptorM.  or  loptuT  vork.  lod  for  prlmlr  cut  badin.  Pidne  ItiHic  wemi  to  li 
shiu  IIITUl)."  hum  Uit  wbltflKHDf  (taaMoHom  of  t£iiprlT«i  whkh  [i  allailed  lo 
Mhor  poki,  bat  wUch  •odd  Tinlihsi.  lod  cliiuipi  lo '«'™°.  whmexpoHd  tolbeii 

briniiapplglUwtbevUIim.udiHulr  I'nsiwi.    QlinUi,  inm.  to  lenity  "»  fit 

gardem  to  cobMiilprivlc^ 

Eiyrnawr.    Bnfl.  Bot.,  t.  TH. ;  B»t  Bril.  FU  PL,  lol.  ».L  119.;  m^oarjlgi.  lil 


...  .1  change 

._   >  reddish  brown.     Berries  dark   purple,  almost  black.    (Don't  MiU.) 
A  siib«TeifreeD  almib.  Britain,  in  hedges  and  woody  wBHtes.     Height  6ft. 
to  10ft.      Flowers  white;   June  and  July.     Berries 
(brk  purple ;  ripe  in  NoTember,  retnaimcg  on  all  iho 
winter. 


^ 


Varietit*. 

a  L.  o.  2  ifcBcwApKi".— Bemea  white. 

*  L.  e.  3  xanUiot&Tfnm. — Berries  jellow. 
a  L.  c.  4  MoTocirjntm. — Bories  green. 
1  •  L.  0.  6  itrnpermreia.  L.  itAlicnm  MdL,  and  our 

F.  1819.  ;  the  Italian,  or  evergreen,  Pnvet.— 
a  most  desirable  variety  for  shruhberiea  J 
is  so  distinct,  that  it  was  conndered  by 
Miller  as  ajpecies. 
a  L.  V.   e   tiorie^nftiiN.  —  Leaves  vanc^ted   with     >•'=   t-.B-v-rt™.. 
yellow. 

•  L.  ».  7  on^arf/oftwi.— Leave*  narrow. 

The  leaves,  in  eitposed  situations,  and  on  poor  soils,  are  deciduous  ;  but  in 
sheltered  situations,  and  more  especially  when  the  plant  is  cultivated  in  gardens, 
they  remain  on  throughout  the  winter.  From  its  property  of  growing  un.ler  the 
drip  of  trees,  it  forms  a  good  sub-evergreen  undergrowth,  where  the  box,  the 
hofiy,  or  the  common  laurel,  would  be  too  expensive,  or  too  tedlouN  of  growth. 
The  privet  has  been  long  used  in  the  court-jards  of  dwelhng-houses,  for  con- 
cealing naked  waUs,Bnd  preventing  the  eye  from  aeeing  objects  or  places  which 
h  is  consulercd  desirable  to  conceal  from  the  view.  It  thrives  well  m  towns 
where  pit-coal  is  used  ;  and  the  beat  hedges  surrounding  the  squares  of  Lon- 
don  are  of  this  shrub.  It  is  admirably  adapted  for  topiary  work,  and  in  Italian 
gardens,  in  a  British  climate,  it  forms  as  good  a  subsUtute  for  the  olive,  as  the 
common  laurel  does  for  the  orange.  The  privet  grows  best  in  rather  a  strong 
loam,  somewhat  moist ;  and  it  attains  the  largest  size  in  an  open  situation  ; 
but  it  will  grow  on  any  soil,  and  under  the  shade  and  drip  of  dedduous  tr^es. 
In  British  nurseries,  it  is  almost  always  nuaed  by  cuttmgs,  which  not  only  pro- 


duce laTjer  plants  of  the  species  in  b  shorter  period,  but  continue  the  varieiiea 
with  greater  certainty.     When   plants  are  to  be  raised  from  seed,  the  bemea 


630  ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETDM    BHITAlfNICUH. 

■bould  be  trcftted  like  hawi.  Mid  ieot  a  ^ear  in  the  rot-heap,  or  Mwa  imme- 
distel;  after  being  gathered,  as,  if  otnerwise  treated,  the;  will  not  come  up  for 
18  months.  As  shribs,  privet  plants  require  very  little  pruning;  but,  as  low 
treei,  they  must  have  the  side  shoots  Iroin  the  stem  carefully  rubbed  off  when- 
ever they  appear.  Treated  as  hedges,  or  as  verdant  sculptures,  they  may  be 
clipped  twice  a  year,  in  June  and  March ;  and,  every  five  or  six  jears,the  sides 
of  uie  hedges  oueht  to  be  severely  cut  in,  one  side  at  a  time,  so  as  to  remove 
the  network  of  shoots,  which,  in  consequence  of  continual  clipping,  fomis  on 
the  exterior  surfoce,  and  which,  b^  preventing  the  air  from  getting  to  the  nutin 
stems,  would  in  time  seriously  iqjure  the  plants. 

m»1  19.  L.  sfica'tum  HamiU.    The  ipked^jftnoera/  Privet. 

JUCMfAfeiiAM.  HmlU.  H9S.«D.  DnPiod.  n.  Ncp,  |LlOT.iI>aaVMllL,4.|LW. 
SMitma.  £.D.|>*MueirKU.ImAH.n-/>Al.p.lBI.I  I..biKMUlaBibr«L£«ft. 
ZwrwAwi.    PLAjULBW.,  l.pilT.  LUI.  iudoillA'l!«l. 


i^pcc.  Qur^  $e.  Leaves  ellif^c,  acute,  hurv 
beneath,   as  well 


IS  the  bmnchlets. 
Flowers  crowd- 
ed, almost  Bcaule, 
ipicate,  disposed 
in  a  thyrte,  bav- 
in^ the  axis  very  ^ 
hairy.  Bracteas 
minute.  CDon'* 
Mm.)  A  «ub- 
eveigreen  shrub. 
K^mI,  on  ir  — 


?15! 


troduc«d  hi  1683. 

Flower*    white ; 

i*aa.  L.4kUHi.  June  and  July.  "f-  ti.siui™»- 

fonriy. 

*  •  L.  <,  tgUbnm  Hook,  in  Bot  BIu.  t.  2981..  and  our;^.  1881^— A 

native  of  Nepal,  where  it  is  ctUed  (toom  gacha.  The  trunk  and  Hmbe 

are  covered  with  warts,  but  the  young  brutches  are  glabrous. 

Though  commonly  treated  as  a  Kreen-hotue  phmt,  there  can  be  tittle  doubt 

of  its  Mng  OS  hanly  as  L.  lilcidum,  the  species  to  be  next  described.     It 

should  be  grafted  on  the  common  privet  •^  and,  if  planted  in  a  dry  soil  and 

rather  sheltered  situation  open  to  the  sun,  it  will  be  the  more  likely  to  make 

no  more  wood  than  what  it  can  ripen  before  winter, 

a  •  I  f  3.  £.  LD^IDDM  Ail,     The  shiiiing.i!rai«d  Privet,  or  Wax  Zhw . 

1. 1  Ddd-i  Mill.,  1  p.  w. 

utA.  im. 

Spec.  Char.,  4".  Leavea  ovatfr«blong,  acuminated,  shiniiig  above.  Panicles 
thyrsoid,  spreading  much.  Leaves  broad.  Flowers  white.  This  tree  affords 
B  bind  of  waxy  matter.  (Don'f  Miil.)  A  low  aub-evergreen  tree.  China. 
Height  lOfl.  to  soft,  bitroducedin  17H.  Flowers  white ;  S^tembn- and 
Octoberiand.asin  the  preceding  spedes,  not  followed  by  Emit  in  England. 
Varieiy. 

■  t  L.   /.   2,fioribiadam   Donald's   Cat,   and  our  ^.  1883,  ha*  larger 
bunches  of  flowers  than  the  spedes. 
A  very  handsome  low  sub^evei^reen  treej  or,  whea  it  is  not  trained  to  a 
single  stem,  a  large  showy  bush. 


XLviii.     olea'cex:  J'HILLT'BEA. 


L.  vAi/Slitm.  —  A  plant  to  which  this  name  mi^t  be 
■uitaUe  waa   in  the  BrDaretum  at   Kew  from  1883  to  the 
winter  of  183T-S,  when  it  was  kiDBd;  and  there  are  also 
yoaa^  ptantA  of  it  id  the  Horticultural  Societj'i  Garden,  j 
of  one  of  which  j^,  1 8S4.  ia  a  Bpeciiiien. 

A  L.  japdnKum  Tliutib.  F1.  Jap.  p.  IT.  t.  1.,  and  our  _fig.  ^ 
1S25.  i  L.  Utifolium  Film. :  ia  ■  native  of  Japan,  with  oblong- 
oTBte  grooved  leaTca,   and   white   flowers,  growing   to   the 
hdgbt  of  6  or  8  feet.  —  L.  nepalStue  bat  ov  j4u)eeolate  ser- 
rnted  leave*,  and  ii  a  veiy  imiiict  q>ecic9.    H.  8.  i 

Genus  II. 


Ha 


T'HILLY'REA  TWw.    Thb  Pbilltbba.    £m.  S^.  Diiadria  Hooogyniik 

litnlillcallim.    Toorn.  lull.,  MI.  i  LiD.  0«..  Ka.  19. ;  DsD'l  MIL,  4.  p.  U. 
h»— i-a.    FUirU.  n-.  I  BUMInd*,  Qtr. 

AWrSuma.  F[omp*iiUni,ilafi DrlhiBrW<rra,UM mocbtrof  Gbiron.whowu chutadlBUitno. 
Gen.  Char.,  4^.  Odi/x  small,  tubular,  l-toothed,  permanent.  Corolla  short, 
campanulate,  rotate,  4-cUA,  deciduous.  Slametu  a  little  eiserted,  with  short 
filaments.  Style  simple.  Stigma  thickish.  Dnipt  globose,  containing  a  i- 
celled  nut ;  one  of  the  cells  usually  abortive.  Sred  solitary  in  each  cell. 
Albumen  rather  fvinaceaus  or  fleshv.  (Don'i  JUiU.) 

Leavet  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  mostl;  entire.  Flotocri 
in  aiillar;  racemes,  greenish  white.  Drupei  black,  globose. 
Shrubs  or  low  trees,  erergreen ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  and  of 
some  parts  of  Western  Asia.  In  British  gardens  they  have  been  in  cultivatioD 
for  nearly  three  centuries,  they  are  all  most  desirable  evergreen  shrubs,  on  ac- 
coant  of  their  shining  dark  green  leaves,  and  the  fragrance  of  their  numerous 
white  flowers.  They  sre  propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers,  and  will  grow  in 
any  common  garden  soil.  When  raised  from  SL«ds,  the  berries  should  be  pre- 
pared in  a  rot-heap  like  haws.  By  general  observers,  the  phillyrea  is  frequently 
confounded  with  toe  alatemut ;  but  the  specie*  of  that  genus  have  tfadr  leave* 


632 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTIC£TUM   BRITANNICUlf. 


placed  alternately  on  thdr  branches,  whereas  in  the  phQljrrea  they  are  opposite. 
All  the  kinds  in  cultivation  are  nothing  more  than  varieties  of  one  species. 

tt  1.  P.  MB^DiA  L.    The  intermediate,  or  lance'leaved,  Phiilyrea. 

IdentifieaUtm.    Lin.  Sp.,  p.  10. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  44. 
Sgnomnmes.     P.  latiflmii  var.  •  mMiii  Lapevr.  PI,  Ftir.  p.  4. :  P. 

/igiiitriftUa  MOl.  Diet.  No.  4. ;  P.  laVis  Tenon  4^.  p.  a ;  P. 

latlfMia  var.  a.  flguitrlftlia  Poll,  PL  Ver,  1.  p.  7. 
Ermreainge.     Kerner,  t.  774. ;   M.  Du  Ham.,  8.  t.  S7. ;  and  oar 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,     Leaves  lanceolate,  quite  entire, 

or  a  little  serrated  in  the  middle,  triple-nerved, 
'    vein  v.  (DorCt  Mill.)  An  evergreen  shrub.    South 

of  £urope.      Height  10ft.  to  15ft.    Introduced 

in  1597.    Flowers  greenish  white;  May  and  June. 

Berries  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varietiet, 

•  P.  m.  2  wrgata  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  1.  p.  11. — 

Leaves  lanceolate.  Branches  erect. 
«  P.  m.  3  XnunJoUa  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  1.  p.  11. 
— Leaves  oval-oblong,  blundsh. 

m  2.  P,  (m.)  angustifo'lia  L,    The  narrow-leaved  Phiilyrea. 

ldenl{ficaiiotk,    Lin.  Sp.,  1.  p.  lOi  $  Don't  Blill.,  4.  p.  40. 

^fnom^fTnea.    P.  obUqua  Temore  Sgtt,,  p.  9. ;  P.  mMla  Tenore  FL  Neap.  3.  p.  6. 

Engraves.    Lam.  111.  8.  3. ;  aiuTour  fig.  18S7. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  quite  entire. 
Branches  beset  with  elevated  dots.  Leaves  obsoletely 
veined*  (DorCt  Mill.)  An 
Evergreen  shrub.  Italy  and 
Spain.  Height  8  ft,  to  10  ft. 
Introduced  in  1597.  Flowers 
greenish  white;  May  and  June. 


IMS.    P.mMla. 


lSt7.    F.  (m.)  amiutifbUa. 


Varieties, 

•  P.  a.  2  lanceolata  Ait. 
Hort.  Kew.  L  p.  11.  — 
Leaves  lanceolate,  and 
branches  erect  ^n^ 

A  P.  a.  3 Totmarimfolia  Ait.  vijl« 

Hort.  Kewensis ;  and     i^ts.  p.  s.  rvanmiiifliiia. 

OUT  Jig,  1228. — Leaves 
lanceolate-subulate,  elongated.    Branches  straight. 
«  P.  a.  4  brac/iidta  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  11. — Leaves  oblong-lanceolate 
shorter  than  in  the  other  varieties.    Branches  divaricate. 

A  3.  P.  (m.)  lioustrifoYia  AU,  The  Privet-leaved  Phill/rea. 

Jdent0eaUon.    Alt.  Hort.  Kow.,  1.  p.  U. ;  Don's  MOl.,  4.  p.  45. 
Synonifmes.     P.  vlrg&u  WiUd.  Sman.  I.   p.  12.  $  P.  mddia  var.  a.  WUU,  8p. 
1.  p.  42.  ;  Phillfrea  lii.  C/w.  Jiiet.  p.  M.  '^ 

Engravings.    Lob.  Icon.,  S.  p.  131. ;  and  ourj%.  12S9. 

S^ec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  subserrated  in  the 
middle,  obsoletely  vdned.  Branches  erect.  (I)on*t  Mill,) 
An  evergreen  shrub.  Spain  and  the  South  of  France. 
Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  Flowers 
white ;  May  and  June. 

ft  4.  P.  (m.)  pb^ndula  AU,    The  drooping-draficA«i  Phiilyrea, 

IdenMcaiion.    Ait.  Hort.,  Kew.,  I.  p.  11. ;  Don's  MUL.  4.  p.  4S. 
Sunonjfme.    P.  mMia  y  WiUd.  .^.  1.  p.  43. 
Engraving.    Omfig,  0000.  in  p.  OOOa 

Spec,  Char,,  4rc.   Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  obsoletely  serrated  at  the 
apex,  veiny.  Branches  drooping  (Z)o»'«  3fW.)    An  evergreen  shrub    South 


lt<9.    P.  (m.)  ItoM. 
tilAlto. 


XLTIII.  olea'^cejb:  J'uilly'rea. 

of  Europe.    He 

■  5.  P.  (m.)  Ouafo'lia  jtit.     The  (HiTe-leavad  Phillfrea. 
/riUCboMH.    Alt.  Hon.  Ke>.,  1.  p.  II. ;  Don'i  HU.,  t.  p.  4«.  J 

Sftim^ma.    J>,  nWlil  Jit.  K>rf.  Xno.  I.  p.  U.i  !■.  noHiiaH£tel.ra*r».  I.  p.  ^ 

Ztmfttl.     Plldl.,  t.SIO.M.l  uilDiirJtf.  ino. 

>^K«.  CAor.,  4'c.  Leaves  oblong-lanceoUte,  almort  entire,  obtuie, 
narTOwed  at  the  base,  veiny.  Branchet  erectiih.  {DotCt  Mi/l,) 
An  evetgteen  shruh.  South  of  Europe.  Hei^t  10  ft.  to  15  ft. 
Introduced  in  1597.    Flowera  greenish  white  ;  Hay  and  June.    " 

■  6.  P.  (m.)  LATiPo^LiA  L.    The  broad-leaved 
PhiU>-rea. 

ifMmrmn-    i'.LuirMli^  ■crciUi'sS.  k  Ft.I.  p.T.;  i*.  lall- 

S.  1  f.  [aUftilli  is  iplntu'^.  j'fT.  i.  p,  fn.    ™'  '' 

E^mtagl.     SiDlth  Fl.  CnK.,!.!.;  ud  ouijU,  mi. 

i^c.  CAor,,  <f  c.  Leaves  ovate,  rounded  at  the  baie, 
serrated,  veiny.  Young  leaves  sub-cordate  at  the 
base.  (Don't  Mill.)  A  low  sul>«vei^reen  tree; 
in  En^and  a  shrub.  South  of  Europe.  Heigbt 
20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1507.  Flowers 
greenish  white ;  Ha;  and  June. 
m  7.  P.  (m.)  i.s>is  St.    The  mnooth  Phillyrea. 

~   Mm.    Ait.  Hurt.  K*ir,.  I. 

I>Hi^MUl.,4.p.  4e. 


^pee.   Char.,   j'lr.       Leaves 

elliptic-oblons,  almost  en-  ""■"' 

tire,  veiny,  bluntish  ;  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  a 
little  narrowcil  at  the  base,  blunt,  and  with  a  small 
mucro  at  the  point  {Dont  Miil.)  Ad  eversreen 
shrul).  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Africa. 
Height  10  ft.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in  15B7. 
Flowers  greenish  white  ;  Hay  and  June. 
The  leavea  are  smoother  than  those  of  any  other 
lusi.  I*.  (A.)  to^Tta.  variety. 

■  S.  P.  (n.)  OBLlNiUA  Ait.     The  diAique-kaved  I%illyrta. 


Sfniim'ma.  f.  UUTMU  y  WOU.  Sp.  I.  p.  t).  i  P.  to- 
Uit«>L>;**.7wtr».l.p  M.;  nutf  n  fl.  Cfn,  ^M. 
Smtrattng.    Onr/f.  IZSt. 

Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  lanceolate-oblong, 
serrated,  acute  at  both  ends,  vemy, 
bcDt  obliquely.  Leaves  like  those  of 
JMyrtca.  {Ocn't  ATilL)  An  evergreen  , 
shrub.  South  of  Europe.  Hraght  10  ft.  ' 
to  IS  ft.  Introduced  in  1570.  Flowers 
1,,^^  greenish  white;  Hay  and  June. 

•  9,  P.  (m.)  spino'sa  MiU.     The  spiny,  or  HoUy-kaved, 

Phillyrea. 

UmlOaMm.    Mill.  .Did.,  Ho.  9.  \  Alt  Hot.  K«w.,  T.  p.  11.  i  Dcu'i  Mill.,  t,    i 


634  ARBOBETUH    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANMCUM. 

Smmtma.    P.  llldlMli  WlUt.  Emmm.  I.  p.  IS.  i  P.  UlllMta  M  t[dD)*i  WOU.  t^.  I.  p.  U.  t  P. 
TiliftlU  lon«iail»  Z, Ai*  Ji*r».  l.p.  M.i   Phlllj™.  I.  CIu.  /ni<.|i.KU 
fiWrSfAvJ.    l^uk.  Fhyl.,  t.  SIO.  C  1.  i  ind  Btajlg.  IIM.,  from  >  ijiKliiiai  In  ths  BrtHtta  HUHUB. 

^c.  Char.,  4-c.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  rounded  at  the  bue,  acute,  shMply 
and  ciupidately  serrated,  globroua,  flat,  vriny.  (Don'i  3fU/.)  An  eve^recn 
shrub.  South  at  Europe.  Height  10 11.  to  SO  ft.  Introduced  in  1607. 
Flowers  greenish  white ;  Ha;  and  June 


EB 


<r  Fxnfos  Tbeb.    Ln.  Sytl, 


DcrlilSaii. 


No,  W.  1  ft 


Gen.  Cior.,  ^e.  Color  small,  4-paned,  or  4-toothe(l.  CoroUa  with  a  Abort 
tube  and  a  ^-parted  limb  i  s^meots  of  the  limb  long  and  linear.  Style  hardlj 
■nj.  Sligma  S-Iobed.  AHliert  almost  sesnie.  Drupe  baccate,  contaiiUDg 
a  striated  nut.     Seedt  albuminouB.  (Don't  Mili.) 

I,eavet  simple,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  opposite,  entire.     Floaen  in  ra- 
cemes, simple  or  compound,  terminal  or  auUarj',  snow-wfaHc — Tnea  or  low 
shrubs,  natives  of  North  America. 
This  genus  differs  from  Olea,  pnnctpnlly  in  the  fifure  of  the  Kp;ments  of 

the  coroUa,  and  in  its  leaves  being  dedduoua.  The  only  bard;  qieciea  la  a  shrub 

or  low  tree,  a  native  of  North  America. 

•  »  1,  C.  tikdi'nica  L.    The  Vir^nian  Snow-Flower,  or  FVmge  7V«e. 

MfuJ^ko"™-  Lin.  Sp.,  p.  U.  I 
Strntmrnut.  Saowdrop  Tre*.  Ai 
Sufmtmgt-    Bat-  Cah^  t.  1~" 

Spec.   Cbir.,  ^c. 

dunclea  3-flowered,     Flowers  pedicellate.  >  It 

Leaves   lanceolate,   glabrous,    resembling  ^ 

those  of  a  deciduous  maenolia.     Drupe 

purplish.  (Dotii  ^SU,')  A  laige  deciduous  \ 

shrub   or   low   tree.      Peniuylviuiia   and  * 

CaroliiM,  in  tx^gy  wood*.  Hdgfat  10  ft, 
to  30  ft.  Intr^ced  in  1796,  Flowen 
white ;  May  to  July. 

■  X  C.  B.  8  latifoBa  Catesb.  Car.  t.  69., 

JTcm.  jJUiU.  t.  607,   C.v.  montina 

Pvnh    Sept.    t,   p.  8.  — Has   the 

leave*  oval-lanceolate,   coriaceous,  nu.  ctIiiWb. 

glabrous  ;  panicles  dense ;   drupes 

ovaL     Carolina,     Introduced  in  1736. 

■  ¥  C.  r.  3  mantlifoBtt  Alt.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  S.  vol.  i.  p,  23.  C.  trifida 

JIfmcA. —  Has  the  leaves  lanceolate  and  glabroua.  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden. 

■  f  C.  n.  4  tnerilmia  Purah  Fl.  Amer,  BepL  i.  p.  8.    C.  marftinui  Lodd. 

Cat.  ed.  1836.—  A  native  of  North  Amoica,  to  boKT  woods  by  the 
sea  side  j  having  the  leaves  obovate-laDceoIate,  membranous,  and 
pubescent ;  the  panicles  very  loose ;  and  the  drupes  elliptic. 


XLVIII.   OLE.OcEJE:   SYRfNGA. 


635 


It  requires  to  be  grown  in  moist  soil,  either  sandy  peat  or  pandy  loam,  and 
in  a  sheltered  situation.  It  may  be  propagated  bv  layers  \  but  as  seeds  are 
easily  imported  from  America,  and  as  the  plant  does  not  root  very  readily, 
that  mode  is  not  often  adopted.  It  may  also  be  propagated  by  grafting  on  the 
common  ash. 

O^LEA. — Though  most  of  the  species  of  this  eenus  are  too  tender  to  stand 
the  open  air  in  Britain,  yet  there  is  one  variety  of  the  common  olive,  obtained 
fi'om  Nikita  in  the  Crimea,  which  has  lived 
through  the  winter  of  1837-8,  as  a  standard, 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and 
O.  americana  L,  (Jig.  1836.)  has  lived 
against  a  wall  at  Messrs.  Loddiges.  Thb 
tree  is  the  devil-wood  of  the  Americans,  a 
native  of  the  southern  states,  as  far  north 
as  Norfolk  in  Virginia.  It  is  sometimes 
found  as  high  as  30  or  35  feet;  but  its 
ordinary  height  is  10  or  12  feet.  The  leaves 
are  4  or  5  mches  long,  of  a  shining  light 
green  ;  and  they  remain  on  two  or  three 
years.  The  flowers  are  very  small,  of  a 
pale  yellow,  and  strongly  scented ;  appear- 
mg  tibout  iJie  end  of  April.  The  fruit  is 
round,  about  twice  the  size  of  the  common 
pea ;  and,  when  ripe,  of  a  purple  colour, 
approaching  to  blue.  It  ripens  m  America 
in  October,  and  remains  attached  to  the  tree  during  a  great  part  of  the  winter, 
forming  a  fine  contrast  to  the  foliage. 


1SS6. 


Sect  II.      SYBfNGEM. 


Genus  IV. 


iM\ 


\A 


SYRFNGA  L.    Thb  Lilac. 


Sjftt.  Di&ndria  Monog^ni«. 


Idem^kaam.    Lin.  Gen.,  Ko.  31 ;  Don's  MU].»  4.  p.  61. 

Smmm^meB,  IMae  IVNani.  Init  t.  372.,  Juas.  Oen.  p.  106. ;  LIUs,  Fr, :  Flieder,  Qer. ;  Lllaeo,  liai* 
ner^MUiom.  From  tirinx,  flie  natWe  name  In  Barbary.  The  tubes  of  the  finest  Tarklsh  pipes  are 
mannfactared  from  the  wood  of  this  shmb ;  and  also  from  that  of  the  Fhllad^lphus  coronirios, 
to  which  the  name  was  originally  given.  Hence  the  old  English  name  of  Pipe  Tree,  which  was 
applied  both  to  the  JPhiladHphus  and  the  ^ringa.  Lilac  is  from  Mac,  or  lilag,  the  Persian  word 
for  a  flower. 

Gen.  Char,,  S^c.  Calyx  small,  4-toothed.  Corolla  funnel-shaped,  with  a  4^ 
parted  limb.  Stamens  2,  enclosed.  Stigma  trifid.  Capsule  ovate,  com- 
pressed, 2-celled,  2-valved,  2-seeded;  valves  navicular,  with  a  narrow 
dissepiment  in  the  middle.  (Don*s  Aft//.) 

Leetves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.  Flowers  in 
thyrsoid  terminal  panicles,  oppositely  branched,  purple  or  white.  —  Shrubs 
or  low  trees ;  natives  of  Europe  or  Asia. 

Highly  valued  in  the  gardens  of  temperate  climates  for  the  beauty  and 
fragrance  of  their  flowers,  and  the  profusion  in  which  these  are  proiduced 
in  spring.  The  natural  mode  of  propagating  b  by  suckers,  which  all  the 
species  produce  in  abundance  ;  and  they  will  SH  grow  in  any  common  soil.  All 
tne  species  may  be  grafts  on  the  ash     (See  Gard»  Mag.^  1840,  p.  37.) 


A 


636 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANMICUM. 


1.  S.  TULGA^Ris  Zf.    The  common  Lilac. 


coaunm,  JRr.  j 


IdrntificatioH.    Lin.  Sp.,  U. }  Don**  MHl.,  4.  p  51. 

S^nommtes.    LUae  TOlciirb  Gmrtn ;  Pipe  Priret,  or  Pipe  Tree ;  UBmm 

Flieder,  Ger, ;  Lilla.  or  LIUm:  turco,  ItaL 
Eitgravinit.    Lam.  lU.,  t.  7. ;  Sdunidt  Bmiul,  t.  77. ;  N.  Du.  Ham.,  t.  61. 

Spec,  Char.y  S^c.  Leaves  ovate-cordate,  acuminated.  (Don^s  Mil/,)  A  de- 
ciduous shrub.  Persia  and  Huncary,  on  chalky  precipices  in  the  Cveroa 
valley,  and  Mount  Domoglet,  as  well  as  on  the  whole  group  of  rocks  along  the 
Danube.  Height  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1597.  Flowers  purple 
or  white ;  May.    Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieliet, 

A  S.  r.  ]  aerulea  Gus.  Ifist.  i.  p.  56 ,   Krause  t.  26.,  and  our  ^.  1238. 

—  Flowers  blue.     There  is  a  subvariety  with  the  leaves  impafcctly 

variegated. 
!%  S.  V.  2  yioldcea  Curt.  Bot.  Mag.  1. 183.,  and  our 

Jig.  1237.  —  Flowers  purple.     The  Scotch  Lilac,  so 

adied,  because  it  was  first  recorded  in  Sutherland's 

Catalogue  of  the  EdMttrgh  Botanic  Garden, 
A  S.  V.  3  a&a.  — Flowers  white.    This  variety  flowers 

earliest. 
A  8.  r.  4fdlbam€Ljor  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —Flowers 

larger  than  those  of  the  previous  variety. 
A  S.  V.  S6lha  plena,  5.  plena  Lod,  Cat. — Flowers  double. 
«  S  V.  6  rubra  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Flowers  red 
A  S.  V.  7  riAra  major  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836,  the  lilas 

de  Marly  of  the  French  gardeners,  has  flowers 

larger  than  the  parent  variety.  i»7.  a.  t. 

Other  Varieties,  A  number  of  plants  have  been  raised  from  seed  by 
Mr.  Williams  of  Pitmaston,  of  which  there  are  six  sorts,  tolerably  distmct, 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  The  French  nurserymen  are  also 
in  possession  of  some  new  seedlings  ;  but  none  of  all  that  we  have  ob- 
served are  so  well  deserving  of  culture  as  the  common  blue,  the  violet,  the 
red,  and  the  white. 

The  common  lilac  grows  to  the  height  of  20  ft.  and  upwards  in  good  free 
soil;  and,  though  it  naturally  sends  up  abundance  of  suckers  in  every 
direction,  so^as  to  form  a  dense  mass  of  stems,  yet,  when  these  are  deared 
away  as  they  appear,  and  only  one  stem  left,  it 
may  be  trained  to  form  a  very  handsome  small  tree^ 
beautiful  when  in  leaf,  and  preeminently  so  when 
in  flower.  The  rate  of  growth  is  considerable, 
varying,  according  to  the  soil  and  situation,  from 
18  m.  to  3  ft.  in  a  year,  for  the  first  three  or  four 
years.  The  duration  is  not  jreat;  probablv  between 
twenty  and  thirty  years  in  rich  soib,  and  between 
forty  and  fifty  in  such  as  are  dry  and  comparatively 
poor.  Plants  which  are  joever  allowed  to  produce 
suckers  of  any  size,  and  in  which  the  bunches  of 
flowers  have  beeik  thinned  out,  ripen  seeds;  and 
these,  according  to  Miller,  produced  plants  which 
are  true  to  their  varieties.  In  some  parts  of  Britain, 
and  various  parts  of  Ctermany,  it  is  mixed  with 
other  shrubs,  or  planted  alone,  to  form  garden 
hedges ;  and,  as  a  proof  of  its  hardiness,  we  may 
mention  that  there  are  hedges  of  it  by  the  roaa- 
sides,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Ulm  and  Augsburg, 
in  the  elevated,  and  consequently  cold,  region  of 
Bavaria.    Mixed  with  sweet  briars,  sloe  thorns,  scarlet  thorns,  Guelder  rose 


XLViii.  olea'cei:  SYsfNGJ.  637 

treea,  fcc-.  it  (oras  beautiful  hedges  to  cottsge  gBrdens,  where  there  is  abnn- 
S.  loaiKM^A  Jacq,    Jwika'i  Lilac 
icMif-.  1.  WV8. ;  Bot  Re*.,  1 17».  1  Botmnlil,  t. SI.  I  u* oaijlf. ItB. iDd  IMO. 


Spte.Char.,^c.  Leaves el- 

liptic-lEinceolate,  a 

cuiated,  wrinkled, 


liptic-lanceolate,  ai 

broiu, on  short  petiolct,  f 
white  beneath.  Flowera 
purple.  {Don't  MiU.) 
An  upright  deciduous 
shrub.  Transylvania, 
in  shadv  places  near 
wnter,  Hei^t  6  ft.  to 
12- ft.  Introd.  in  IB35. 
Flowers  purple  t  Hay. 
Naked  young  wood 
purplish  green. 

m  3.  S.  Fs'itsicA  L. 


■M*^  LUac'itrSa  iam.  i  LI1ud<  P>na.  Fr.;  LtUcdlPtriU,  lUI. 

^vc.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  nnBll,  lanceolate, 
entire.  Flowere  purple.  (Zton'i  MUl.)  A 
deciduous  shndi.  Pertia.  Hd^t  4  ft.  to 
6  ft.  Introduced  in  1640.  Flowers  purple ; 
Hay  and  June. 

»  i.p.  Si&a  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— 
Leaves  lanceolate,  entire.    Flowers 
whiu. 
•  S.  p.  3  lacinidla  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836, 

BoL  Cab.  1107.,  and  our^.  1241.  ^^  . 

S.  capitka    Omet.  lUn.  iii.  p,304.  "■      '■ 

t.38.  f.  1.,  ScAmiiU.  Bmim.  iL  p.  79.;  Lilas 
a  Feuillea  de  Persil,  Fr.  —  ThU  variety 
has  some  of  its  leave*  pinnatiSdly  cut, 
and    nearly   all   of   them    cut    in    some 

•  8.  p.  4  BolafiBa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836   has 

the  leaves  somewhat  hoary,  like  those  of 

the  common  sage. 

One  of  the  most  common,  and,  at  the  same  time, 

one  of  the  moat  ornamental,  of  our  low  deciduous 

shrubs.     It  is  frequently  planted  in  pots,  and  forced 

so  as  to  come  inco  flower  at  Christmas.     In  Puris, 

it  is  said,  they  retard  the  Persian  lilacs,  by  placing 

than  in  an  icehouse  in  December,  and  keeping  theui 

there  till  the  September  or  October  following,  when 

they  will  come  into  bloom  without  the  fud  of  artilicini 

heat  about  Christmas.  (See  Gard.  Mag.,  vii.  p.  247.) 

Layers  and  suckers,  which  are  produced  in  great 

iHi.  i.tk*x.  abundance  in  any  common  garden  soil. 

lb'nsis.     The  Itouen  Ulac. 


ARBOBETDH    BT   FRDTICKTUH   BRITANNICUH, 


S.dUU  Bam.  OtMri,  t.  n.  109.  i  Ulu 
Dn-J  Itai.  :  p.  M^  S.  iffilrtn  BoTl.  I 


Ulu  Virin  ll.Dmaam.t 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  aTat»Juiceolate. 
Flowers  purple,  (Don'i  Mill.)  An  inter- 
mediate plant  between  S.  vulgaris  and  S. 
Eeraica.  A  shrub,  from  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  faigfa ;  a 
ybrid  between  S.  Tulearia  and  5.  persicft  ; 
raised  at  Rouen  by  M.  Varin,  the  director 
of  the  Botanic  Garden  there.  Introduced 
in  1T9S.    Floweri  purple ;  Hay  and  June. 

ft  8.  r.  S  Lilai  Royal  Bon  JarJm.  1836, 
hu   th«  flowers  more  compact  than 
the  spede*. 
*  8.  r.  3  SBUg^aa  Abrf. ;  Lilas  aaug^  Fr. ; 
differs  from  the  Lilas  Varin  in  having 
the  flowers  more  red  and  more  beau- 
tiful.     S.  coccfnea  and  S,  chinfnais  no.  s.ntbmitnb. 
rabra  Lodd.  Oil.  ed.  )B36  appear  to 
be  idendcal  with  this  variety,  or  very  slighUy  different 
[t  is  of  my  vigorous  growth,  and  a  most 
abundant  flowerer;   and,  in  favourable   soils 
and  situationB,  it  will  attwn  Cbe  height  of  10  or 
Ufeet. 


f-  2.. 

lic-bblong,  glaucous  beneath,  attenuated  at  ti 
base,  and  acuminated  at  the  apex.  Branches 
warted.  Thyrse  terminal  and  panicled.  Cip- 
sules  almost  cylindrical.  The  bud,«cales  p^ 
manent  at  the  base  of  the  year's  shoots, 
shrub,  8  ft.  to  10  ft.  hi^  iutiv«  ttf  F 


lately  been  raised  in  the  H.  8.  Garaens  fitim 
seeds  recnved  from  the  Himalayas. 


■  QE 


FOSTANE'S/i*  Labill.  Tai  Fontanbsu.  im,  Sytt.  Didodria  Monogynia. 

MrtUV^'cm.    LtblU,  PL  Sjr,d«.  1.  p.s.1.  1,j  Don'iMlU.,  <.  p.  >l. 

-DnWiii^kNautd  lAoT  An/  Lotiidit  Da  Amlaima,  autluir  oT  Flora  AUamlita,  ttoli.  «a. 

Gen.  Char.,  Ssc  Calyx  4 — 6-parted,  permanent.  Corolla  * — G^parted,  de- 
ciduous. Stmntnt  8,  elongated.  Stigma  bifid,  hooked.  CaptuU  a  8—4- 
winged.  2-cslled,  papery,  indehiscent  samara;  cells  l-secded.  {Don't  Mill.) 
I,f>nvt  simple,  alternate,  eucipulate,  sub-evergreen ;  lanceolate.  Kniw™ 
in  axillary  racemes,  whitish  vellow.  —  tjhruba  with  the  habit  of  Philljrea 
m&lia,  natives  of  Asia,  and  forming  a  connecting  link  between  fVaxiniea 
and  Otcinie.     Layers,  in  commiDn  soil. 


XLVIII.  olea^cea:  fra'xinus. 


689 


A  «  1  t  IF.  i>HiLLYRB$rDE8  LobUL    The  Phillyrea^ 

like  Fontanesia. 

JdemMeaUom.    LaUn.  Syr^  dac  1 .  p.  9. 1. 1.  (  Don*t  MUL,  4.  p.  61. 
BoC  Ctto^  t.  UOS.;  and oiir>^.  IMA. 


^p«t?.  dor.,  4'<?.  8ee  €ten.  Char.  A  sub-eveigreen  shrub 
OT  low  tree.  Syria  between  Laodicea  and  Mount  Cas- 
siiis,  and  Sicily.  Height  10  ft.  to  14  ft.  Introduced 
in  1787.  Flowers  greenish  white,  turning  to  brownish 
yellow ;  June,  and  remaining  on  the  tree  two  or 
three  months. 

Readily  propagated  by  layers,  by  cuttings,  or  by 
grafting  on  the  common  privet.  Ghrafted  standard 
high  on  the  ash,  it  would  form  a  very  handsome 
drooping-branched  tree. 


1S4A.    r.  pUllinffWlM. 


Sect.  III.      i^AXINIE^JS. 


Genus  VI. 


^ 


FRA'XINUS  Toum.    Thb  Ash.    Lin.  Sytt,  Polyg&mia  DioeV:ia. 

IdemyUmtiom,    Toora.  Inst.,  sa. ;  Lin.  Gen.,  No.  1160.  {  Doo*i  Hill.,  4.  p.  58. 

Smmomgfne$.    Fr^ne,  Pr. ;  BicIm.  Qer,  i  Frawino^lal. 

Derivation.  The  derivation  of  Friadnm  siren  in  Don**  MiUer  it,  ttom  pAroffd,  to  endoM ;  the  Mb 
having  been  formerlir  used  for  making  hedsei .  Linncua  derives  it  flrom  fikrasii,  a  icperation, 
because  the  wood  splitt  easily.  Others  derive  It  from  firamjgttmr^  because  the  young  branches  are 
easily  broken ;  or  wliich  may  have  been  applied  Ironically,  in  allusion  to  the  extreme  toughness  of 
the  old  wood.  None  of  these  derivations,  however,  appears  very  satlsfkctory.  The  BngUsh  name 
of  Ash  may  be  derived  either  firom  the  Saxon  word  ««^,  a  pike ;  or  Arom  the  colour  of  tne  bark  of 
the  trunk  and  branches,  which  resembles  that  of  wood  ashes. 

Gen,  Char,^  ^c,  Fhwert  polygamous.  Calyx  none,  or  4-parted,  or  ^toothed. 
Coroila  none.  Stamens  2,  in  the  male  flowers.  Anthers  sessile,  or  on  short 
filaments,  dehiscing  outwardly.  Female  Jlotoers  the  same,  except  that  they 
have  no  stamens,  but  have  each  a  pisnl  that  has  a  bifid  stisma.  Fruit, 
or  samara,  2-celled,  compressed,  winged  at  top.  Cells  l-seeded.  \Dorfs  Mill,) 
Leaves  compound,  opposite,  ezstipulate,  deciduous;  unequally  pinnate. 
Floivers  in  lateral  racemes,  greenish  yellow.  Fruit,  or  samara,  8-celIed, 
compressed,  winged  at  top. — Trees  ;  natives  of  Europe,  part  of  Asia,  and 
North  America. 

The  species  are  raised  firom  seeds ;  and  the  varieties  chiefly  by  grafting  on 
.FVdxinus  excdlsior,  but  partly  also  firom  seeds.  There  is  a  great  tendency  in 
all  the  species  to  sport  into  varieties ;  and  many  of  what  are  by  botanists 
described  as  species  are,  in  our  opinion,  not  entitled  to  that  distinction. 
All  the  ashes  are  of  easy  culture  in  good  soil,  and  in  a  sheltered  situation. 
The  European  ash  is  one  of  our  most  valuable  timber  trees,  as  is  the  Ame- 
rican ash  in  North  America. 

A.  Leaflets  hroad,  smooth  or  shkning  on  the  upper  surface,   Natioes  ofFwrope, 

t  1.  F.  RXCB^LSioR  L,    The  taller,  or  common.  Ash. 

Jdeniffieahom.    lin.  Sp.,  p.  1609. ;  Don's  Mill.,  4.  p.  S3. 

Symm^tmei.  P.  ap6tala  Lam.  IB.  t.  858.  f.  1. 1  P.  rostriU  Gut$.  Ft.  Rar.  p.  S74. ;  P.  CKmus  Seop. 
Cam.  Na  IM9. \  P.  erbsa  Ptn.j  P.  crUpa  Botei  le  Frtae,  Pr.\  Aesche  or  Esche,  Ger.  and 
IhUeh  \  Ask,  Dan.  and  Swed. ;  rrassiuo,  Ital. ;  Fresno,  ^»an.  \  Frelxo,  Port. ;  Jas,  Jasen,  or 
Jassen,  Run.  \  JEse,  Saa. 

Engra9img$.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1692. ;  the  plates  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st.  edit.,  vol.  vl. ;  and  our/g.  1S4S. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,    Leaflets  almost  sessile,  lanceolate-oblons;,  acuminate,  ser- 

.    rated,  cuneated  at  the  base.    Flowers  naked.    Samara  obliquely  emarginate 

at  the  apex.  The  leaves  have  generally  5  pairs  of  leaflets,  but  sometimes  6. 


940  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BBITAMKICUM. 

The  flowcn  tn  produced  in  loose  a[Mke*,  rram  the  sides  oT  the  bnndiei. 
On  Millie  there  are  only  female  flowere  ;  on  othen,  hemtaphnxiite  ones  -, 
and  on  oCherB,  male  ones  ;  while  on  tome  trees  the  flowers  are  found  in 
two  of  these  states,  or  in  all  of  them.  (Jim't  ATiU.)  A  laree  deciduous 
tree.  Europe.  Height  30  ft.  to  80  ft.  Ftowen  greenish  yellow  ;  March 
and  April,  before  the  leaves  wipeBr,  SBinara  hrown  ;  npe  in  October. 
Decaying  leaves  brown  and  yeUow.    Naked  young  wood  ash  gr^. 


Vanetiet.  TheseareTer;  nmneroiis;  we  shall  ^ve  first  those  which  are  allowed 
to  be  varieties  by  botanists,  and  afttfwanU  indicate  those  which  are  treated 
by  botanists  as  species,  and  which  we  have  accordingly  kept  distinct,  but 
which  we  are  dendedly  of  opinion  are  nothing  more  than  varieties. 

■t  V.e.i  pautiJa  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  2.  vol.  y.  p.  475.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
1836;  Fr£ne  Parasol,  Ff.  ;  theplate  in  Arb.  BriL  1st.  edit.  vol.  vi., 
and  our  &.  1847.  —  Branches  pendulous.  Discovered,  about 
1750,  at  Qamlingay,  Cambridgeshire  ;  and  subsequently  in  a  wood 
iu  Argyllshire.  (See  Gard.  Mag.,  to\.  xiv.  p.  18*,) 
1  P.  r.  3  aireaVifiM.  Enum.  p.  1050.  F.  a{irea  /'en.  Eneh.ii.  p. 
601.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  — Bark  of  the  trunk  and  branches  yellow 
and  dotted ;  and  the  leaflets  sessile,  lanceolate,  unequally  sorated, 
acuminated,  cuneated  at  the  base,  and  glaln'ous.     It  is  conspicuous, 


XLVIII.    OLEACEX:    FRAXINUS. 


particularly  in  winter,  not  onl;  from 
the  jellov  colour  of  its  bark,  but 
from  the  curved  contorted  character 
of  its  branches,  which  somewhat 
reHmbte  the  horns  of  an  animal. 
I  P.  e.  4  airta  ptndula.  —  Bark  yeUow, 
and  the  bruicfaea  as  pendidou*,  and 
of  as  *igorouB  growta,  oi  those  of 


darii  grecPt  crumpled,  and  curled.  Hie  darkneaa  of  the  green  of 
the  leaves  is  remanable;  and  this  and  their  crumpled  appearance, 
comU^  with  the  rigid  stunted  character  of  the  whole  plant,  render 
it  a  strikingly  ETotesque  oiyect. 

J  F.  f.  6>ajr>i£aWiUd.,Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636.  — Bark  of  the  trunk  and 
branchea  streaked  with  reddish  whit& 

¥  F.  r.  7  jHopia^tcau  Descemet  (F.  purpurea  Hort.}.  —  Bark  purple. 
Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 

I  F.  A  8  OTS^aAn  Deaf.  Arb.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Leave*  variegated 
witbwiute. 

1  F.  c.  9  Aitoo.— Leaflets  ecbed  with  yellow. 

t  F.  e.  10  rriia  Pen.  Encb.  l  p.  604.  —  Leaflets  erasel;  toothed. 

S  F.  e,  1 1  iorkonl^  Desf.,  Pcrs.  Ench.  i.  p.  604,  Lo<ld.  Cat.  ed.  1836. 
— Branches  spreading  hoiiioDtally. 

TP.  #.  18  wmic^  Deaf,  Pers.  En  Ji.  i.  p.  6M.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836^- 
Brancbea  warted, 

3  F.  e.  13  oermcsM  findula.  —Branches  warted  and  pMidulous.  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Oarden. 

X  F.  e.  14  nana  Lod.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  F.  e.  hitmilit,  and  F.  Theophrasti 
Hort.  —  The  leave*  resemble  those  of  the  comnioD  ash,  but  the 
leaflets  are  much  smaller  and  closer  together,  and  the  pluil  seldom 
exceeds  Sftin  bewht. 

t  P.  e.  iSJiatgiia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— Bark  fungous-like. 

I  P.  e.  16  PtrUdBata  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.— Leaves  whorled. 

X  F.  e.  17  viildta  niva  Descemet. — Leaves  villous. 

OlAer  Farietict.     There  are  several  in  the  Calalogat  of  Messrs.  Loddiges, 
and  in  other  collectioaa,  but  we  do  not  think  them  worth  enumerating. 
The  commoQ  ash  is  one  of  the  noblest  of  our  forest  trees,  attaiiung  a  height 
of  from  80  ft.  to  IDOft.,  and  enduring  several  cemuriea.     No  deciduous  tree 

T  T 


642  ABBORETUH    ET   FBUTICETUH   BHITANMICUM. 

whatever,  in  cultiva^Q  in  British  plantation*,  is  more  injurioua  to  [iknts 
growing  under  i^  from  its  numeroiu  fibrou*  roots,  wbicli,  rising  close  to  die 
Burbce,  exhaust  the  soil,  and  prevent  the  vegetation  of  almost  every  other 
plant,  except  those  that  have  also  hbrout  roots.  It  always  grows  best  in  good, 
somewhat  calcareous  soil;  which,  though  not  boggy.  Is  generally  ai|joining 
water.  The  most  profitable  age  for  felling  the  ash  appean  to  be  from  80  to 
100  years,  but  it  will  continue  pushing  from  stools  or  from  pollards,  for  above 
100  years.  The  timber  of  the  asb  is  very  elastic  i  so  much  so,  that  a  joist 
of  this  timber  will  bear  more  before  it  breaks  than  one  of  that  of  any  other 
tree  indigenous  to  Europe.  It  welefas,  per  cubic  foot,  64  tb.  9  os.  when  green, 
and  49  lb.  8  ox.  when  di^.  The  value  of  the  timber  is  increased  by  the  rajif. 
dity  of  its  growth ;  and,  as  in  the  case  of  the  sweet  chestnut!  the  wood  of 
voung  trees  is  more  esteemed  than  that  of  old  ones.  Since  the  use  of  iron 
became  so  eeneral  in  the  manufacture  of  instrunients  and  machines,  the  value 
of  the  ash  I*  somewhat  diminished,  at  least  in  Britain ;  it  still,  however,  ranks 
next  in  value  to  that  of  the  oak,  and  is  held  even  to  surpass  it  for  some  pur- 
poses. It  is  much  in  use  bv  the  coachmaker,  the  wheelwright,  and  the  manu- 
mcturer  of  agricultural  implements.  It  is  hif^ly  valued  for  kitchen  tables  and 
steps  of  stairs,  at  it  may  be  scoured  better  than  aiu'  other  wood,  and  is  not 
so  liable  to  run  splinters  mto  the  scourer's  fingers.  Young  ash  is  particularly 
valuable  for  bop-poles,  hoops,  crates,  handles  to  baskets,  rods  for  tnming  plants, 
forming  bowers,  for  lijgfat  hurdles,  and  for  wattling  fences ;  and  also  for  walk- 
ingsticks.  The  species  is  always  propagated  by  seeds,  and  the  varieties  by 
grafting.  The  samaras,  or  keys,  are  generally  ripe  in  October;  when  tbe^ 
should  be  gathered,  and  taken  to  the  rotling-ground,  where  they  should  be 
mixed  with  li^t  sandy  earth,  and  laid  in  a  heap  of  a  flat  funn,  not  more  tiian 
lOln.  thick,  in  order  to  prevent  them  from  heating.  Here  they  should  be 
turned  over  several  times  in  the  course  of  the  winter  i  and  in  February  ihev 
may  be  removed,  freed  from  the  satid  by  silbng,  and  sown  in  beds  in  an;  mid- 
dling soil.  The  richness  or  quality  of  the  soil  is  of  little  consequence ;  but  it 
should  be  well  broken  by  the  rake,  and  the  situation  should  be  open,  to  pre* 
venl  the  plants  from  being  drawn  up  too  slender.  The  seeds  may  be  deposited 
at  the  distance  of  half  an  inch  every  way,  and  covered  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
with  soil.     Sown  in  February  they  will  come  up  in  May  or  June. 

S  2.  F.  (e.)  HBTEROPny'LLA  TaW.     The  various-leaved  Ash. 

UeMOUallan.     Vlhl  BDOm,,  I.  p.  S>.  i  Don'ilKIIL.I.ii.  M. 

SfiHfma.    F.  Hmfl>cl<bliR  ly&d.  3p- t.   p.  lOM.;  F.maBBfhfll^Drrf.Art.l.  p.  IM.  |  P.  llia- 

uD^Hi  Borl.  I  FTncilllor  (  dlncmi. 

n<l(  .<».;    F.  ncUtloT  71.  ■  Lam. 

Dia,  i,  p.  SM.  :  F.  eictlainc  0  heUro- 

pMJU  Ore ;  r.  iDlapimiM  ind  dlm- 

SiwnvAui.  '  Bnf.  BM.,  t  MK. ;  Uit 
fiii»  1^  lUi  Im  la  Art>.  Brit.,  In 
•dlt.,  vol,  irl.  1  ud  our  Jig.  IMS. 

Spec'Char^  4r.  Leaves  simple 
or  trifoliate,  dcntately  ser- 
rated. Samara  oblong-lance- 
olate, 1  in.  long,  obtuse  and 
emarginate  at  the  apex. 
Leaves  usually  simple,  but 
sometimes  with  3  or  5  leaflets  A 
3—4  in.  long,  ovate,  sub- '' 
cordate,  or  acuminate  at  the 
base  and  apex.  Branches 
dotted.  Buds  black.  (Don't 
Miil.)  Atree,attatningnearly 
the  same  dimensions  as  the 
common  asb,  and  without 
doubt  only  a  variety  of  it.  „«,  ^  (.)h.w««ii>» 


XI.TIII.    OLEA^A:    fRA'ZINUS. 


Vaiiefy. 

Z  F.  (f.)  h.  2  variegata.  {Jig,  I24e.^Le9Te8  variegated;  di8COTere<l  in 
1830,  at  EgUntine,  near  HilUborougfa  in, 
the  county  oi  Down,  in  Ireland. 


UnMtaUam.  Binh.  Itl(L.  1.  p(.  ».  p.  ITT.  i  Vihl  Bniln,  1.  p.  M.  i 
Wifidrilk,  4.  p.  U<n.  i  Don'i  MIU.,  4.  p.  ik 

biHMK.    P.  nlldiaiU  Sbrl. 

/■fnr^.    Our  A-  IWO. 

^pec.  CAor.,  4''^,  Leadeta  seante,  lanceolate,  remotely 
denticulated.  Samaru  id  3—4  pairs,  from  \\\s\. 
to  Sin.  long,  UDceolate,  entire  at  the  apex  and 
acute,  obtiue  at  the  baae.  Branchleti  green, 
dotted  with  white.  Buda  brown.  PeduDclta 
below  the  leaves,  solitary,  S  in.  long.  Flowers 
naked.  (XkaCt  MUI.)  A  tree.  Spain.  Height 
30ft.  to  soft.  Introduced  Pin  1815.  Flowers 
h  white.    HoTt  Soc.  Oarden,  and  Lod. 


f  4.  F.  PAHvii>o<LU  WiUd.    The  unalUeared  Aah. 


UtMHIcaUBil.    WIIM.  Sp„l.p.ll 


644  ARBOBETUX   ET   FRUTICSTUH   BBITANNICUII. 

Kagrmtliigt.    WlUd.  B«l.  Bnmi.,  p.  IW.  1. 1. 1  )L  i  Uw  pWa  Im  Aib.  Brit.,  lit.  Mt^  lal.  tL  t 


Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Leaflet*  S — 7  psirt,  feanl<^  raundnh  o«te  and  obloog,  M- 
teouated  at  the  ba«e  ;  quite  entire  at  the  bue,  but  •harptj  MiTMecl  «t  the 
spex,  mucronate.  Flowers  naked.  Branchei  p«pli*.  K*™."*  rJfS* 
(DoiCtMm.)  A  dcciduout  tree.  Lewnt.  Heuht  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introd. 
les*.  Flowen  greenirfi  yellow  i  April  and  May.  Satwm  amaUet  thw* 
those  of  the  common  ash  ;  ripe  in  October.     Bort.  8oc  Garieo,  wd  U)d. 

I  5.  F.  (p.)  ABOB'ianA  Loa.     The  sil»wyJe«erf  Ash. 
HmtiHMai.  i.oti.FLOiiL,ar^i>«B'iinn.,t-p.M. 

AvrMV'    OurA.««a.lii|L  iim. 

Awe.  CTar.,  *c.    Leaye»  with  usually  3  pairs  of  rather  coriMewia.  elliptic 

orate,  shortly  eui[MdBte,bhiotly  toothed  feafleta,  on  short  petioUilefc  Umet 

wiYtry  grey.  iDonU  Miil.)     A  deciduous  tree. 

Corsica,  in  the  fissures  of  rocks.    Height  30  ft. 

to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1835.    Flowera  greenish 

ydlow;   April  and  Hay. 

This  variety  must  not  be  confounded  with  F. 
e.  niiis  arg£nt«is,  which  is  merely  a  Toriegation 
of  the  conuDon  ash  (F.  escAior). 


M.    WlUd.  8p., «.  p.  Il«y  Don-i  MtU,  «.  j>.  u. 
.    F.arnht&tBlA.ruAmr.t.p.ilO.tF.O'mu 

Kiynmhi.*  Our/c- >)■*■  ewaillTliicipeeliiHB. 

Sptc.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaflets  2—3  pairs,  almost 
sessile,  lanceolate,  acuminated,  serrated,  gla- 
brous. Flowers  naked.  Samara  lanceolate, 
attenuated  at  bodi  ends,  mucronate.  Branchleta 
0*ea,  with  white  dots.     Buds  brown.  (Don't 


XLVIII.    OLEACEf:   fRA'ZINUS.  615 

AGO.)     A  deciiluoiis  tree.     Cbuouub.     Hdght  30  ft.  to  40  ft.    Introduced 

in  1816.    Flowers  greeni^  jellow  ;  May. 

Of  all  the  nrietiea  of  the  inialUleBved  aili,  tbia  appean  to  us  to  be  the 
most  beautifuL  iThe  learet  are  of  n  dark  glosay  green,  and  are  produced  in 
tufk  at  the  endi  of  tbe  branches. 

1  7.  F.  pa'u.ida  Bote,     The  ptie-iaried  Aih, 
HimM/leatiom.    Bhc  u  Spnuc.  Snt,  I.  p.  W.  i  Don't  MUL,  4.  p.  H. 
EttfTorlmg.    Ourj^.JOM.  lop.  1109. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Lesves  with  3  pairs  of  glabrouB,  almoM  sessile,  o*Bte-lan- 
ceolate,  toothed  leaflets.  Branches  yellow.  {Don't  Milt.)  In  Don's  ASlUr 
this  kind  is  stated  to  be  a  native  of  North  America ;  but  in  the  Hortkul- 
tund  Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs,  Loddiges,  the 
plants  to  which  this  name  is  alSied  obviously  beloug  to  F.  excelsior. 

t  8.  F.  ixmucito'iAk  Dc^f.    The  Lendscus-lesved  Ash. 

tewHo.    F,  iviuri*dniU  TaU  Amm.  I.  p.««.,  lUi'i  Jfdf.  ^.  p.  H.  i  r.  pwrUftUi  Ijtm. 

Ditt.  1.  p.  MO. ;  P.  llspptedl  Pint.  Pitft.  191.  f.  4. 
^iwrwriw    Pluk.  PbrC,  IM.  f.  4.  i  tha  plue  oT  thb  ipKlM  In  Aib.  Brit.,  IM  «dlt.,  toI.  Ti.;  ind 

Spec.  Charac.,  ^c. 
Leaflets  petio- 
late,  obloi^  and 
lanceolate,  shani- 
Ijr  serrated,   the 


M>£    Introduced  in  17ID.    Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May  and  June. 
Variety. 

X  F.  1.  8  pindula  has  slender  pendubus  hronchea,  and  forms  a  very 
el^aut  tree.     Introduced  in  1833.     HorL  Soc  Oatden,  and  Lod. 

C.  X^vnn  and  Lea^  large,  ^taiuma,  and  dmmtf  benealh.    Na&xt  eidmnekf 
of  North  Ainertca;  atid,  m  Britian,  daefly  (r  ' -■-■      '  '  ■ 


From  carefullr  observing  all  the  kinds  of  American  ash  in  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden,  and  in  the  arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddigea,  we  are 
convinced  they  are  all  variations  of  one  and  the  same  species.  The  most  dis- 
tinct of  thes&  as  &r  as  ren>ect>  the  leaves,  appear  to  be  F,  a.  pub^cena 
•lul  F.  a.  juglBodif&lia ;  and,  as  &r  as  respects  the  shoots,  F.  a.  quadrangu- 


616  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUH. 

ItUa.  Seeds  of  the  eight  following  kindi  are  wmuallT  imported  from  Ameriol 
hy  the  London  leedimen,  and  the  plants,  in  g»)«ii],  come  up  tolerably  true. 
This  may  aUo  be  laid  of  some  of  the  varietieB  of  which  we  have  only  given 

[EnlCAVA   WiUd.     The  Americui  Aafa. 

110*.!  MIchi.  N.  Amar.  RfL,  ».  p.  H. 

u,  Dem-iMtU.*.  nM,  runM  Itft-t.  p.&i  F.  diKolor  MiMH 

Sfl.,1.  t.l1t.  I  tb(  pill*  of  thli  ifmif  la  Arb.  Brit,  litadtt.) 


Spec.  Oar.,  ^c.    Leaflets  7.  petiolate,  oblong,  acuminate,  shioiog  above,  quite 
entire,  eiaucouB  beneath.     Flowers  calyculate.  (Arn'f  MUt.}    A  deciduous 
tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  b  woods. 
Hd^t  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in 
1783.      Flowers   greenish   yellow; 
Hay.     Samaras  rarely  produced. 

X  F.  a.  S  lat^oBa  has  broader 
leaves  than  the  speciea. 
Hort.  Soc.  Qarden,  in  1835. 
Early  in  spring,  the  leaflets  are 
covered  with  a  light  down,  which  gra- 
dually disappears,  till,  at  the  ^>proach 
of  summer,  they  are  perfectly  smooth, 
of  a  hght  green  colour  above,  and 
whitish  beneath.  This  diflocnce  in 
the  colour  of  the  surfiices  of  the 
leaflets  is  peculiar  to  this  species  ; 
and  hence  it  has  been  named  F.  dis- 
color. It  b  also  called  the  white  ash 
from  the  colour  of  its  bark,  by  which 
it  is  easily  distinguished,  in  America, 
from  the  other  sorts  indigenous  there. 
In  Britain,  all  sorts  of  American  ash  ' 
arc  readily  known  Irom  J^Hxinus 
excelsior,  by  their  lighter  bark,  and  by 

the  paler  green  of  theur  leaves.  tiM.  r.  ita.i 

1  10.  F.  (*.)  pubb'scbns  Wall.    TTie  downy  Ash. 

nmifctmrn.    W>ll.  FI.  Car.,  p.  IH.  1  Punh  S«p«..  1.  p.  8. :  Don'i  Hill.. «.  a  U. 

, . ^  g^   ^  J   ^  I,  p.  jSs.  ,  r.  bUMOtte  Jh£|i.  W.  AmcT.  Sfl.  1 

I.  llSl.i  UdMUJ^.  IM& 


XLVlIt,    OLEA^CES:    FRa'XINUS. 

^lec.  Char.,  SfC.  Leaflets  3 — i  pairs,  petio- 
late,  ellipiic-ornte,  sermted,  downy  or 
tomenlose  beneath,  bb  well  as  the  petioles 
and  branches.    Flowers  calyculate.     Ra- 


with  a  short  mucro  st  the  apex.  Sin. 
loi^.      Stamens  S— 3 — 4.    {Doit'i  ABU.) 
A  ^ciduous  tree.  North  America.  Bdgfat 
soft.  Introduced b  1811.  Flowen  green- 
ish yellow;  Hay.  ^ 
Thourii  Michaux  has  descrihed  the  leaflets 
as  denticulated,  jet  in  his  figure,  of  which 
J!g.  1256.  is  a  reduced  copy,  they  ere  per- 
fectly entire,  as  they  are  for  the  mott  part  in 
the  Uving  plants  at  Bdessn.  Loddiges. 

•t  P.  («.)  p.  8  long^aUa  WiUd.  8p.  it. 
p.  1 103.,  Purth  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i. 
p.  9.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836;  F. 
pennsylTinica    JUarii.  ;    has    the 

lofleti    ovateJanceoUte,    attenu.  '•*  'iiJpn*™". 

aled,  somewhat  serrated, 
t  F.  (a.)  p.  3  latma  WiUd..  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  i.  p.  9.,  has  t!  e 

Ittflets  ovate,  broad. 
I  F.  (a.)  p.  4  itdipi^iKem    Pers.  Ench.  ii.  p.  605.  Pursh   Fl.  Amer. 
Sept.  I.  p.  9. ;  ?  F.  subTilldsa  Btuc ;  has  the  leaflets  petiolate,  elliptic- 
oblong,   acumiuated,   sharply   lenated,  downy   beneath ;   common 
petioles  glabrous. 
The  leii(cth  of  the  annual  shoots,  and  the  qMces  between  the  buds,  ore  one 
half  those  of  F.  americina;  and  the  tree  is  of  smaller  siie,  and  slower 
srowth.     The  leaves  are  from  IS  in.  to  15  in.  long,  downy  on  the  under  sur- 
bee  1  and,  on  insulated  trees,  this  down  becomes  red  on  the  approach  of 
autumn,  both  on  the  leares  and  shoots  of  that  year;  whence,  probablv,  the 
name  of  red  ufa.     The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  of  a  deep  brown,  and  the  Wrt- 
wood  of  a  brighter  red  than  that  of  the  white  ash. 


liintt/UiUiem.    ViU  Buudl,  ] 
SbI  Aih,  W««  A.h.  Ama 


r.  SjL,  J.  I. 


^c.  Ciar,4^c.  Leaflets  Spain,  Sin.  to 
i  in.  long,  acute  at  both  ends,  sessile, 
ovate-lanceolate,  serrated,  having  the 
axiUof  the  veins  villous  beneath.  Young 
branches  green,  beset  with  black  dots. 
Buds  brown  or  blue.  Flowers  like 
those  of  the  common  ash.  {Don't  MUl.) 
A  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft.  in  America  ;  in 
England  30  ft.  Introdui;e<i  in  ISOO. 
Flowers  greenish  ydlow ;  Uay. 

^j'p.  (a.)  c.  2  critpa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
lB36has  the  leaves  curled.  Lod. 


ARBORBTUH  ET  FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUH. 


sprinkled  with  dote  of  the  same  colour,  vhicl 

fteuson  BdviDceB.  Thelearet,  at  their  unroldinijUBmccuiDjniiieu 

by  Bcolea,  which  fall  after  two  or  three  weelis :  they  are  IS  or 

15  inches  long  when  full)'  developed :  and  the  leaBeta  ve  Muile, 

of  a  deep  green  colour,  smooth  on  the  upper  suriace,  uid  coated 

with  red  down  on  the  main  ribs  beneath.     Wbea  bruiaed,  they 

emit  an  odour  like  that  of  the  leaves  of  the  dder.     The  ■>• 

mares  reKmble  those  of  the  blue  ash  (F,  quadrangul^ta),  and 

are  nearly  aa  broad  at  the  base  aa  at  the  summit.     The  black 

ash   is   easily  distinguished  from   the  white  ash  by  iti   bark, 

which  is  of  ■  duller  hue,  less  deeply  furrowed,  and  has  the 

layers  of  the  epidermis  applied  in  broad  sheets  ~~~imMJii.  — 

t   18.  F.  (a.)  outDRAHOULA^A  MuAx.     Tte  quodranguUr-AniKcifd  Aab. 


In.  N,  Amer.  8^1.,  A  t.  lit.  i  Bid  oar  Jtl-  1X9.  snd  IMO. 

Spec.  Char.,  4c,  Leaflets  almost  sessile,  eUiptic-ltmceolate,  serrated,  down* 
beneath.  Samara  blunt  at  both  ends.  Branches  quadrangular.  (^Dont 
Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  Height  GO  ft. 
to  70  ft.    Introduced  b  1B83.     Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  Hay. 


yariely. 


(a.)  q.  tuervita  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   IS36. —  Leaves  with  ccKitineuous 

The  leaves  are  from  ISm.to  I8in. 
long,  and  are  composed  of  8,  3,  or  4 
pur*  of  leaflets,  with  ao  odd  oii& 
The  leaflets  are  large,  smooch,  oval- 
acumiDate,  disdnctljr  toothed,  and  sup- 
ported hy  short  peDolules.  The  youiw 
shoots  to  which  the  leaves  are  attaebed 
are  distinguished  by  4  opponte  mem- 
branes, 3  or  4  lines  broad,  and  of  a 
greenish   colour,   extendiitt    throi^ 
their   whole    length.       This 
character  diaappears   in   the 
third  or  fourth  year,  leaving 
only  the    traces  of  itsexist- 
ence.      The   seeds   are    Hat  i 
from   one   extremity  to  the  | 
other,  and  a  little  narrowed 
towards  the  base.     Readily 
lUatinguUhed   from    all    the 
other  varieties  of  American  \ 
ash,  as  lar  aa  we  have  been  i  . 

able  to  observe  these  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  London,  bv  1 
the  bark  of  the  trunk,  whica  ) 
cracks  and  separates  at  the  , 

itw.  r.  K)  ^iiniituiu^  edges  Into  thin  plates,  much 

in  the  same  way  aa  that  of  the  white  American  oak  (Quercus  £lba).        "**' 

t  13.  F.  (a.)  JVoi^amdipo'lia  Lam.  The  Walnut-leaved  Ash. 
Uaaificallan.    Lam.  DIM.,  L  p.  t41. 1  Fnnfa  SiipL.  I.  p.  »,  I  Den'i  Hill.,  I.  b.  IS. 
Stnem/ma.    r.  ilrMK  Mtaki.  V.  .tew.  4if.S.  p.W.l.no.j  r.  aWolar  if .U:  j  the  (tm>  AiK, 

IflJi.  I  weNnn  blKk  Art,  ISawl, 
Ei^atitUt.    HIcbL  N.  Asm-,  SyL.S.  (,  llO.i  Ibc  plili  la  «r».  Brit.,  Iwtdlt.,  Tal.*l.}  ndoot 

JS'.  l«l  Mkl  IMI. 


XLViii.  oleaczje:  ^ra'xinl's.  649 

^ee.  CXoTq  4c.  Leaflets  9 — i  pairs,  3  in.  long,  membranous,  ^abroiu,  but 
not  shining,  canescent  beiieatb,  downy  in  the  axils  of  the  reins,  stalked, 
elliptic-lanceolate,  sermted,  glaucous  beneath.  Petioles  glabrous,  firancbes 
glabrous,  and,  like  the  buds,  greyish  hrown.  Flowers  calj^culate.  Calyx 
4^oothed.  Coi^mbs  pendulous.  Samara  linear.  {Don't  JUii/.)  A  uo- 
ciduous  tree.  Canada  to  North  Carolina ;  found  in  shady  wet  woods,  nncl 
chiefly  in  the  weatem  (Ustricts.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1784. 
Fjowera  greenish  yellow ;  Hay, 

~  "  ■.  p.  60.    F.^uglandifaiia  0  sub> 

jnd.  Amtr.  p.  81.  ex  WUU,  Du 
I  Vahl,   P.   Ndvse-A'nglite  and 
? — Leaflets  nearly  entire. 
The    green    ash   is  eauly 

recogniaed    by    the    brilliaot 

colour  of  its  youn^  shoots ; 

■nd  bj  its  leaves  beug  neariv 

of  the  aaoM  colour  on  both 

sur&ces.    From  this  unifonn- 

ity,  which   i«  rarely  observed 

in   the   foUqge  of  trees.  Dr. 

Huhlenburg  applied  the  n>e- 

dGc  name  cdncolor ;  aai  Mt- 

dioux  gave  this  tree  the  popular 


name  of  the  green  aah.  The  leavea  vary  in  length  from  6  in.  to  15  in, 
with  from  8  to  4  pairs  of  leaflets,  and  m  odd  one,  according  to  the 
vigour  of  the  tree,  and  tothe  coolness  of  the  soil  in  which  it  grows.  The 
leaflets  are  petiolated,  and  distinctly  denticulated.  The  seeds  sre  small ;  and 
the  tree  doe*  not  altun  a  great  size.  There  is  a  splendid  specimen  70  ft. 
hl^  on  the  hmks  of  the  Tlumies,  adjoining  Pope's  villa,  which  is  that  figured 
m  OUT  first  edition. 


lA.  1  lUBinit  Alb.  Amtr- 
.    Om/t.  Wn.  ta  p.  1100. 

^xc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  8—3  pairs,  oval,  petiolate,  serrated,  glabrous  and 
shining  ^ve.  Flowers  calyculate.  Branches  glabrous,  and,  like  the  buds, 
brownish.  Racemes  loose,  l)in.  long,  oflbn  twin  from  the  same  bud. 
Pedicels  numerous,  umbellate.  Calyx  sniall,  campanulate.  (^Den't  Mitt., 
'ii)ted.)  A  deciduous  tree,  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.  Hei^t  30  ft.  to 
Introduced  in  1783.     Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  May  and  June. 


adapted 

soft.  : 


650  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    OUITANNICUM. 

This  ia  a  vcrj  remarkable  vanety,  rradily  distiDgiiiMhed  by  the  large  siie  of 
ill  leaflets,  which  are  nearly  rounj,  liut  nciiininatuJ,  and  sctdom  iroilsist  of 
more  than  two  pain,  with  an  odd  one.  The  samaras  are  unlike  thoite  of  any 
of  the  preceding  sorts  )  being  flat,  oval,  and  often  almost  as  broaJ  as  they  are 
long.  In  iiiring,  the  lower  surTace  of  the  leaves,  and  the  youi^  shoots,  are 
covered  with  down,  which  diiJBppeari  as  the  Buminer  advances.     H.  8.,  Lod. 

t   15.  F,  (a.)  epi'ptera  Vaii.  The  vitig-iopped-ieeded,  or  two-coloured, 

UtMUtallim.    PHTfhBvpt.,  I.p-a.;  Don't  M<n.,4.  p.  u. 

^iSvmn.    r'.<!suiUii£iO«rM.A«c<.l.p.nil.4B.i  F.ltiKHBuc. 

£iwnirAut.    Omim.  FmO.,  I.  t  U)  tha  pUM 'of  thli  tna  In  Aib.  Brit..  I«  edit.,  Tal.  •!.  j  and 


Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Leaflets  Uiiceol«t&«Uiptlc,  mibierrated,  opaque,  and  downy 
beneath  on  the  veins.  Samara  cuneated,  obtuse  and  emarginate  at  the  apex, 
and  terete  at  the  bottom.  Young  branches  green,  covered  with  white  dots. 
Bark  chinky.  Flowers  colyculate.  Buds  brown.  {DotfM  Mill.)  A  de- 
ciduous tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  Height  £Oft.  Introduced  In  ISS3. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow  ;  May.    Lod.  and  Hort.  6oc.  Garden. 

»   16,  F.  (a.)  plattca'hp*  VaU.     Tlie  broad-fruited  Ash. 
Utmtitcatlim.    Vihl  Enum.,  I.  p.4e.i  Punta  Septal.  p.S.|  Dod-i  MOL,  4.  p.U.i  Lodd.>Ci>,. 

Sfmnamti.    F.  cuoUnUlu  Ceuii,  Car.  t.  M.  I  ttaa  Cinlku  Aih,  Amnr. 
SmtrSHnf.    MIchi.  M.  Abut.  StI.,1.  flg.  Ilj.,  udouTAi.  IMt.iDllMk      . 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets  almost  sessile,  very  distinctly  serrated,  elliptic-lan- 
ceolate,  S  in.  long  and  1  in.  broad  ;  having  the  larger  veins  villoua  beneath. 
Samara  elliptic-lanceolate,  2  in.  long,  acute  at  both  ends.  (Don't  Mill.)  A 
deckluous  tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina.  Height  30ft.  to  Mft  Intro- 
duced in  1724.    Flowers  greenish  yellow  )  May. 


XLviii.  olea'ce*:  o'hnus. 


Very  eaaUy  known 
"'om  all  rhe  other 
Americui  ubea,  by 
the  leaves  dying  off, 
in  the  auttUDD,  of  a 
fine  puiple.  Lod  , 
Md  Hon.  Soc  J 

Other  ailcgedAme.  \ 
iTMn  Speciei.  —  Ft 
M  txpkom.  mild., 
^-  (a.)  mixta  Bon.,  I 
^'  (*■)  P"'^erui&ita  I 
Bote,  P.  (a.)  nibi- 
cflnda  Boic,  P.  (a.) 
•oittifdlia  Bote,  F  — 
WvfridfBiJMc  J'.(8.)dDfreo 
7  ■!''^\  ^"-J  ■"«  ■»«",  F. 
(a.)    Hicbinli    Bosc,   J*"    fa  ) 

P-  (».)  elliptica  ffwe,  J-.  /■».) 
K«a.  i?«..  F.  (a.)  rilfa  jV, 
^.  (EL)  panndsa  Venl.  el  Bote 
P.  BdBca  G.  Don,  F.  fa.) 
■•«.  c.i^),t.MT».  Jiolemoniifolia   P,«r.,     F.    fa.1 

not  worth  keeping  diMuict  ^        ™''  vanetie.,  and  in  our  opioion 

Genus  VII. 

^'TtNUa  Per,     IV.  D. 

GcTt.  CJiizr    *  '  '■*  """  for  « moantnlii. 

^£ri„rr3*,25Sr-p.S*"^  '^■«''  '-p^-p—.. 

«iU..,J.  rt.;  .ndouTA-  l»i       °"  ""-  <■  "^■.  "«Pl««of  lhl,.p«t«  In  A.tu  Brit,  I,, 
Sj>tc.  Char,,  ^c.       Leaves  with  3 *  ■,„;■„  „f  r  . 


652  ARBORETUM   ET    FRITTICETUM  BRITANNtCUM. 

bcnealli.  Flowen  complete  or  hermaphrodite,  n^eniih  white.  Pedun- 
cles axillary,  Military,  snorter  than  the  learea.  Youn'  brancbef  purplith 
or  livid,  wiui  yellow  dots.  Buds  cinereous.  {Dim'i  MH/^  A  dedduous  tree. 
South  of  Eurooe.  Hei^t  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1730.  Flowen 
white  i  May  and  June.     SamarB  browu ;  ripe  iu  October, 


A  very  handsome  small  tree,  and  a  free  flowerer.  It  and  also  the  rollowing 
■peciei,  and  probably  all  those  of  both  the  genera  Pr&iinui  and  (Tmus,  et- 
ttavasate  tup,  which,  when  it  becomet  concrete,  is  mild  and  mucilaginous. 
His  sap  is  produced  in  more  abundance  by  (Xmus  euro|)Ee^  and  O.  rolundi- 
l&lia,  than  by  any  other  species  ;  collected  ftom  these  trees,  it  forms  an 
article  of  commerce  under  the  name  of  manna,  which  is  chiefly  obtained  from 
Calabria  and  Sicily,  where  the  tree  abounds. 

T  S.  O.  (b.)  rotundifoIja  Pen.     The  round-leafleted  Flowering, 
or  Maiaia,  Ash. 


I.  Kodi,  l.p.  «M.  I  Don*!  Mill-  K  p.  SI. 
_, ...  DW  retundlftll*  ja.  i<pr4.  XIw.  «.  p.  MS.  i  F.ntaiAUn 

S^ii^'  wmd!  B^B^  1. 1. 1.  L :  PlDk.  Aim..  p.*.fotimJl^ner. 

^c.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  with  3 — 5  pairs  of  roundish-OTate, 
bluntly  serrated,  almost  sessile  l^eta,  which  are 
narrow  at  the  base,  rather  small,  and  glabrous.     /^ 
Petioles  channeled.     Flowen  with  punlish  pe-     (aB 
tals,  polygamous.     Peduncles  axillary.    Branches  ^^^£t 
and  buds  Drown.     The  flowers  come  out  in  the  ^9W* 
spring,   before   the  leaves,   like  those  of  other  ^U^ 
species  of  this  genua,  as  well  as  of  that  of  Fiix-  fjM^j 
inus.  {Don't  Mm.)   A  low  tree.  Calabria  and  the  ^Uf 
Levant,  &&     Height  16  ft.  to  SO  ft. ;  in  England         I 
„.      30ft.to40ft.  Introd.1697.  Flowenwhite;  April,     nm. 


XLTiii.   OLEa'ceje:    (/bNU8.  653 

T  3  O.  (b.)  ambrica'na  PwwA.    Hie  Anericui  Flawering  Aab. 

Avrw«w.  Our  j^.  IMS. 
^Dfc.    CAor.,    4^.      LotTCS 

with  8 — 5  pain  of  obloiw 

or      ontc  -  ftniminatffii 

ahining,  KrrBted  leaflet!,  ' 

each  3  ia.  to  5  in.  ton^ 

and  Sin.  broad,  and  bar- 
ing the  latter  vans  rather  < 

villous,     glaucous,     and 

paler   beneath,    the   odd 

one  ruber  cordate.  Flow- 
ers with  petals,  disixiaed 

in      tenninid      peuclet.  | 

Brsncbea  brownish  grey. 

Buds    brown.      Samara 

narrow,  obtuse,    mucro- 

naU.    (Am'fJUttf.)      A 

tree.       North    America. 

Height  soft,    to   40ft. 

Introd.  in  1S20.  Flowers 

white;    April  and  Haj, 

A  more   robust-growing  i«g.  o.ilihokmu 

plant  than  O.  europae'a. 

X  4.  O.  rLoaiBU'iiDA  G.  Dm.     The  abundant-flowered  Flowering  Adi. 

JMHUww.    rttalaia  aoia>6ai^  D.  bam  Fnd.  n.'nif.  f.  U». 

n«nitAvK    WilLPLBv.  Ailil.,rt.ST.  ludnu/f.  imt 

Sltee.  Char.,  <^.  Leave*  with  S — 3  pairs  of  elliptio-obtoog,  acuminated, 
serrated,  glabrous,  stalked  leaflet*,  and  an  odd  one,  TBiTiog  much  b  figuK, 
the  terminal,  or  odd, 
one  the  largest  Pa- 
nicles tennuud,  com- 
Cid,  tbjTioid. 
ara  linear,  or 
narrow  •  spatbulate, 
obtuse,  and  entii«. 
Barl  ash-coloured, 
dotted.  Branchlets 
conipresaed.  (DoiCb 
Mill.)  A  deciduous 
tree.  Nepal.  Hddtt 
30  ft.  to  M  ft.  In- 
trod. 1888.  Flowers . 
white  i  April. 

There  was  a  plant 
of  this  species  in  the 
Horticultural  Sode- 
t/s   Oarden,   againit 


O.  ibiHa  Swt. ;  JV&xinus  striita  Bote,  Don'$  MIL  4.  p.  57.  j  is  a  native  of 
North  America,  said  to  hare  been  introduced  in  1618,  but  we  have  not  seen 
the  plant  nor  a  figure  of  it. 


654  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    SRtTANKlCUH. 

Order  XLIX.    JASMINA'CE^ 

Ord.  Char.  Calyx  tubular,  divided  or  toothed.  Corolla  tBlver-Bhapcd,  5-deft[ 
BKtivBtion  imbricate  and  twisted.  Staneni  epipetBloiu.  Ovarium  S^icelled. 
Cellt  1-ieeded,  Sh)le  1 .  SHgma  8-lobed,  Fndt  a  didvinoiu  berry,  or  * 
bipafted  capsule.  Albumen  iparing,  or  wanting  altogether,  Tim  difos 
from  Qleinete,  to  which  it  ia  nearly  aUied,  by  tbe  erect  otuIb,  structure  <^ 
leedB,  and  estivation  of  corolla.  (Don',  AGll.) 

Leaver  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exitipulate,  deciduous  or  ever- 
sreen ;  ternate  or  imparipinnate,  with  the  petiorea  for  the  ntost  part  articii- 
lated.  Flowert  oppooite,  in  corymbs. —  Shrubs,  deciduous  or  evergreoi ; 
nativei  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

Genus  I. 


am 


Jk?iV[tWJVlt^ikoel.    ThsJaihinb.    £m.  ^,  K&ndria  Monogynim. 

BlSerp.  Anib,,p.it.j  Don'i  HDl.,  4.  B.  fiS. 

UM  T^ni. ;  JeuuDlofl;  jMiniD,  Ft.  taaOtr.i  ftfhitmln.  f 


D.Tna!lim,  LlDninu  derliH  tlili  urae  tKna  lorn,  ■  tIoIR,  ud  stmi/.  imcIL :  bul  tin  Kant  ot  Om 
AowEtm  hu  no  rnHmblanai  (o  Ihil  of  Ibe  tIoLM.  FDnkool.  ia  hli  Xg]ip.  Arab.  p.  M,  un  Ihd 
It  l«  ukfln  rrom  the  Anblan  mms  cT  IbA  pluit,  Kmirjn.  whlcb  tppean  much  mon  protalHe. 
Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Calyx  tubular,  S — 8-toothed  or  5 — 8-cleft,  CoroUa  5— 8<left. 
Sligma  S-lobcd  or  bifid.  Berry  didymous,  having  one  of  the  lobes  usually 
nb<rtive.    Seedt  without  albumen.  {Doa't  JUiO.) 

Leatvt  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  eutipiUaie,  mostly  sub-evergreen  ; 
mostly  entire.     Petioles  articulated.     Ftmneri  white  or  yellow,  axillary  or 
terminal,  odorilerous.  —  Shrubn,  umally  sutvevergreen,  and  twining  or  mm- 
bling  ;  oatires  of.  Europe,  Asia,  or  Africa.    PropagaCeil  readily  by  cuttings 
in  common  garden  soil,  and  usually  grown  against  walls. 
>  «  1.  J'.  PBU^iCAKS  L.     The  Sprig-produdng,  or  thnMy,  Jasmine. 
Iitiaiaieatlam.    Un,  So.,  I.  p.!..  Srn.,id.H.i  Doo'i  MDl..<.p.a 
Sfmmrmi.    J.  bMnnpkf Uooi  Knc*,  lai.  Jim.  p.  W.  f.  MO. 
Syr<-hv^Bot.  Mm-  t.  «l.  1  Sebmldt  Bum.,  I.  1. 1«.  i  our  A-  '»■.■  •aiJIt-  IWl  (Km  « 

^lec.  Char.,  ^.     Leaves  alternate,  tritbliolate,  and 
nmple,  glabrous ;  leaflets  obovate  or  cnneiform, 
obtuse.  Branches  an- 
gular.   Calvcine  seg- 
ments subulate.     Pe-       J 
duncles  terminal,  by  ^"^ 
threes.     Corolla  yet-      .  '£ 
low,  with  oblong  ob-    ^   ' 
tuse  segments.  (Oort'i   •'  na  I 

2UiIl,')      A   sub-ever-  ^  "^ 
green  shrub.  South  of 
Europe,  and  through-     '  ' 
out       the       Levant.  M  ]i 
Uei^t   6  ft.   to   8  ft.  ^\m_ 
Introduced   in    1570.         f^^JK,  J 
Flowers  yellow ;  May         ^^^vTCJ^^ 
to    October,       Fruit  '^» 

1171.  j.Ma— *  black  ;  ripe  Nov.  >"».  j-w**^ 

A  very  desirable  suWvergreen,  cither  for  planting  in  borders,  or  against 
walls  )  flowering  freely,  and  ripening  abundance  of  fruit.  It  sends  up  numerous 
suckers  ;  which,  when  it  is  desired  that  the  plant  should  assume  a  garden- 


XLIX.   J^ASMINA^CE^:    JASHlVuH.  €55 

esoue  cbarocter,  should  all  be  raaoved,  leaving  the  branches  to  proceed  from 
a  single  stem,  or  from  two,  three,  or  any  other  smatl  and  limited  nuniber  of 

an.  2.  J.  ar'MiLB  L.     "Hie  humble,  of 

Ita&m  yelhw.  Jasmine. 
ZdHiWIistiiM.    LId.  Sp..  !■£.  9. 1  Vital  Ennmn  1. 

p.  A.;  Doa'i  HUl..  4.1>.B. 
Smfra^tigi.    Bat.  flea.,  t.  HO. ;  Schmidt  Bum^ 

I.  H9.  iHndtiurAmi 

Sprc.aar.,J^c.  Leaves  alternate,  aoite,  m 
trifoliolale,  and  pinnate.  BroDchea  [  : 
lingular.  Calycire  Begments  very  £~^ 
short.  Plant  glabrous.  Peduncles  %^ 
terminal,  twin  or  ternary,  3-flowercd.  \^ 
Corolla  jellow,  with  oblong  obtuae 
g^aienta,    (Dtm'i  MUl.)      An  erect  i 

Bub-evergreen  ahnib.  Madeira.  Hright 
3  ft.  to  4  It.  Introduced  in  1656. 
Flowers  yellow  i  June  to  September,  "•'>■  J.^M-ta. 

*  ■  3.  X  HBTERopuy'LLUM  Roxb,    The  various-leaved  Jasmine. 

MtmMialmm.    Boiti.  Fl.  Iitd.,  I.  p.  99.  Hid  lU.  j  Doo'.  MiU.,  t.  p.  a. 
.VuWKi-    J-  MTbdrelim  HamiU.  MSS.  ;  noojee  Bud  Jmana  n  StpaL 
A^atimgl.    WJLPl.  A1ULBU..I.I.  Wi.lHJdijtirA.in'- 
^c,  Char.,  ^c.     Arbore- 
ous.    I«avc8  alternate, 

simple    or    trifbliulate, 

oblong-elliptic  or  broad- 
ovate,  and  acuminated, 

waved,  lucid,  firm,  ^a- 

brous.    Panicles  tenni- 

nal,  tnchotomouB,  &s- 

ligiate,  corymbose,  and 

downy.      Calyi  urceo- 

latP,  with  short  subulate  , 

teeth.    S^menCsoflhe 

corolla  oblong,  equal  to 

chp    tube    in    lengtli. 

Leaves  variable.  (Ihm't 

MiU.)     A  middle-cnied 

tree;  in  England  a  sub-evergreen  sh  nib.    Nepal.    Heieht  6  ft.  to  20  ft. 

Introduced  in  1820.     Fbwers  bright  jeUow,  fragrant;  ^lyand  Au^sL 

a  ■  4.  J.  rbtolu'tuic  Ker.    The  revolute- 

fiomtrcd  Jasmine. 
Uem^kaUim.    Km  BM.  Btf..  t,  IT*.  I  Don'!  UBl.,  4. 

JMuuflin-  J.  cfajTiiiatbeiiiaiD  AuA.  fT.  had.  1.  p.  N. ; 

ibe  Ntpd  ifUov  JurnhM. 
£iWTavf«>.    But.  Ri*.,  t.  ITS.  1  But.   Uu.,  t.  ITtt.  | 

Bb(.  CA.,L96S.-,  adamjig.  IITS. 

Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnate. 
Leaflets  b — 7,  ovate-lanceohite  or  elliptic, 
glabrous,  on  short  petiolules.  Corymbs 
terminal,  compound.  Calycine  teeth  very 
short,  mucronate.  Branches  angular,  gla- 
brous. Leaves  shinii^,  and  flowers  bright  | 
and  yellow,  and  very  fragrant.  (Don't  I 
MiU.f  A  rambling  sub-evet^reen  shrub. 
Nortli    or     Hindostan     and    Nepul,    on                    ma,  akmihw. 


656 


ARBOAETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITAKNICUM. 


mountains.    Height  10  ft.  to  15ft.    Introduced  in  1812.    Flowers  bright 
yellow,  very  fragrant ;  May  to  October. 

Readily  propagated  by  cutting,  and  a  free  grower 
and  flowerer  in  any  common  soil  and  exposure. 

mm5,J,  (r.)  pubi'gerum  Z>.  Don.  The  downy 

Nepal  Jasmine. 

MenMcaUom,  D.  Don  Prod.  FL  Nop.,  p.  106. ;  Don*f  MOl.,  4. 
Sifftomffnut.  J.  WalUcUdmHN  Undl.  Bot  Bag.  1. 1409. ;  CUauOl* 
EngraHngs,    BoC.  Rogn  1. 1409. ;  and  oar  Jig,  1876. 

Spec.  Char,,  4rc.  Leaves  alternate,  pinnate.  Leaflets 
7 — 9 ;  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  acuminated, 
sessile,  downy  while  young.  Branches  angular, 
downy.  Peduncles  elongated,  1 -flowered,  termi- 
nal, subcorymbose,  downy.  Teeth  of  calyx  short. 
S^ments  of  corolla  5 — 6,  obtuse.  Flowers  yel- 
low, and  smaller  than  those  of  J.  revolutum. 
(Don*s  MUL)  A  rambling  sub-evergreen  shrub. 
NepaL  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in 
1827.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May  to  October. 

So  closely  resembles  the  preceding  one,  that  we  cannot  doubt  its  being  only 
a  variety  of  it. 

-I  i-  6.  J.  officina'lb  L.    The  officinal,  or  common.  Jasmine. 

Ideniificatiim,    Lin.  Sp.,  1.  p.  9. ;  V«hl  Bnum.,  1.  p.  34.  j  Don's  MIIU  4.  p.  68. 
JBmgrmrimgB.    Bot.  Mag.,  t.  R. ;  Schmidt  Bainn.,  1 1.  180. ;  and  oIiP>&;ife77 

^c.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  opposite,  pinnate ;  leaflets  ovate,  acuminated,  ter- 
minal one  longest.  Young  buds  erectbh.  Plant  glabrous.  Branches 
angular.  Calycine  sesments  5,  subulate.  Corolla  white,  4— >5-cleft,  sweet- 
scented.  (Don*s  Miik)  A  climbing  shrub,  evei^i'een  from  the  colour  of  its 
shoots.  Malabar  to  Georgia  and  Mount  Caucasus,  in  woods.  Stems  40  ft. 
to  50  ft.  Introd.  1596,  or  long  before.  Flowers  white,  highly  odoriferous ; 
June  to  August.    Fruit  black,  only  produced  occasionally  in  England. 

Verieliet, 

1  i-  J.  0.  2  film  argenteii  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves 

striped  with  white. 
1 1.  J.  o.  3  jfoUii  aureit  Lodd.   Cat.  —  Leaves 

striped  with  vellow. 
Jl  I-  J.    o.    4  fliribm  plenii    Hort.  —  Flowers 

double,  very  rare. 

The  common  jasmine  generally  loses  its  lotves  in 
the  winter  season,  especially  in  exposed  situations; 
but,  as  its  young  shoots  are  of  a  fine  deep  green,  and 
the  plant  is  generally  covered  with  them,  it  has  the 
appearance  at  that  season  of  an  evergreen.  The 
shoots  are  freciuently  produced  7  or  8  feet  in  length, 
and  upwards,  in  one  season.  ^„^^  j.aaidaM.. 


Order  L.    ^POCYNACEiE. 

Ord,  Cham,    Ca/5^*  5-cleft,  persistent.     Con)flii  S-lobed,  deciduous ;    aestiva- 
tion imbncate.    Siament  5,  epipetalous.     Ovarium  solitary  or  twin,  usually 

^i"^lf-^i  ^¥^'  ^  ""^  ^'  '^*'^'  ^*'«^  2.  W»ied  to  each  other. 
FYiai  tollicular,  drupaceous,  or  baccate ;  solitary  or  twin  ;  1-  or  many- 
seeded.  A/bunien  generaUy  present— Distinguished  from  Asdepikde^  in  the 
structure  of  the  anthers  and  stigmas.  (G,  Don.) 


L.   AVOCtftA  cEas :    n'NCA. 

..    ,   ..  -r,  osite,  esatipulMe,  erergi 
uillvy. — Tnuling,  suffiuticose^  evergreen  A 


D 


n'NCA  £i.    Tas  Pbkiwinklb.     Lm.  Sytt.  Pent&ndris  Monogynta. 


Gen.  CliBr.,  t^.  Calyx  5-ctetl.  Corolla  lalTer-ahaped  ;  tube  longer  than  the 
calyx  ;  throat  beai^ed ;  segnienta  of  the  limb  flat,  oblique,  truncate  at  the 
■pex,  Stament  5,  inaerted  in  the  throat,  enclosed.  Anthert  eniHng  each 
in  a  hairj  membrane  at  the  apex,  which  connive  over  the  stigma.  Stigma 
bearded,  aeated  on  a  flat  orbicular  disk,  which  ia  grooved  round  the  dr- 
cumrerence.  Glandt  2,  alternating  with  the  orariee,  glabrous,  as  well  as 
thej.  Fi>i6clet2,  erect,  terete,  narrow,  dehiHcinc  lengthwise,  few-seeded. 
Seedi  cylindrical,  naked.    Albmuen  fleshy,  (i^on'j  itUlT) 

Lemei  as  in  the  Order.  FTovien  azillar; ,  solitary,  alternate,  pedunculate ; 
bine,  purple,  or  wlute.  —  Shrubs,  evergreen,  auffiniticoK,  creeping  or  traiU 
ing  t  natives  of  Europe  ;  of  the  easiest  culture ;  and  readily  propagated  by 
division,  layers,  or  cuttings :  valuable  in  pleasure-grounds,  as  thriving  under 
the  dense  shade  of  trees  and  shrubs. 

%,  I.  y.  ha'jor  L.     The  greater  Periwinkle. 

UauVeattm.    Lin.  Sp,.  p.  MM. ;  Dm't  Mill..  4.  p.  M.  ;  Lodd.  CK..  cd.  IMS. 
AnKn^tntfl.     Flaa  biMLa  Deii'tf  ;  J^r»tDa  miioT  Scof-  Cam.  Ho.  971. 

^c.  CAar,,  ^c.     Stamens  erectisb.     Leaves  ovate,  acute,  ciliated.     Calycine 
teeth  linear-subulate,  ciliated,  usually  with  a  mnall  tooth  on  each  side  at 
the  base.     Suments  of  corolla  broad,  obovate. 
This  ipecies  is  lareer  in  all  its 

Cthan  the  following  tort, 
eriog  Items  erect ;  barren 
ones  traiUng.  {Don'i  Mill.)  A 
low,  trailing  or  creepiiw,  suf- 
fruticose   eveiErecn.      Middle 
and    South    of   Europe,    and 
apparently  wild  in  some  Piirts 
oTBritain.     Height  2  ft.,  form-    j 
ing  a  dense,  dark  green,  low, 
trailing   bush,   growing   freely  ^ 
under  the  shade  of  other  tress, 
and  producing    its    line   bhie      ii;9.  r.m^ior. 
flowers  from  March  to  Sept. 


UrtumtUm.    I,ln.Bp..>M.  1  DnlHUI.I 

A«vmi.    J'priln™  minor  *>».  Cam.  1 -.,: , 

nimuit  AphomdH  Deipm.  Prmai.  401. 
BngrariKtl.     Bug.  B«.,  1.  917.  i  HilM  AtMU,  t-X.-,  wnl  ourJU.  laeo. 

j^MT.  Ciar.,  4^c.     Stens  procumbent.      Leaves  elliptic  lanceolate,  glabrous. 


658  ARBORETUM    BT   TRUTtCBTUU    BRITANNICUM. 

Cdjeine  Mgmenu  lineaiUaiHeolate,  bluntiib. 
Segments  of  corolla  broBdiah  at  top.  Flow- 
ering Btema  usually  erect  Howers  void  of 
■cent.  Corolla  blue,  with  white  throat, 
vannnB  to  purple  nod  white ;  of  a  Bmaller 
Mze  than  that  of  V.  miyor.  (Doift  MUL) 
A  trailing  evergreen  undershrub.  Europe  ; 
in  man;  places  in  Britain,  in  hedges  and 
woods,  in  rather  damp  utuations.  Flowera 
bluet  Bdarch  till  September. 

rarieiiet. 

*.  V.   m.  2  fOiU   arghieii  Lodd.  Cat.— 

LeiTes  varientM  with  white. 
ft,  V.  M.  Zfi&u  olnrii  Lodd.  Cat.— Leaves 

variuated  with  vellow. 
«.  V.  M.  X,fiortHbo  Lodd.  Cat.  —Flowers 

white. 
*,  V.m.5jtere;jioro  Lodd.  Cat —Flowers 

double, 
a.  V.   n.   S  Jlin  pimkeo  Lodd.  Cat.— 

Flowers  red. 
ft.  V.  n.  7  aeut^ira  Bert. — Leaves  ovate 

acuteat  both  endsi  marrans  glabrous.  ,un  r.Bbor. 

Segments  of  corolla  obuque;  ovate- 
acuminate.     South  of  Europe.    Flowers  blue ;  March  and  ApriL 


Order  LI.     ASCLEPIADjtCEJE. 

Okd.  Chak.  Cak/x  5-cleft,  persistent.  Corolla  5-lobed  ;  KSttvation  usually 
imbricate.  Slanumi  5,  epipetalous.  PoUen  mattet  equal  in  number  to  the 
cells  of  the  anAera,  which  are  2  or  4,  and  fixed  to  fine  processes  of  the 
stigma.  OparniM  twin.  Siyiet  8,  crowned  by  one  stigma.  Fnai  of  S 
fbnicles.  SeedM  numerous,  imbricate,  fumishea  with  n  tuft  of  hair  at  the 
umbilicus.  Albamen  thin- — The  pollen  being  combined  into  n  definite 
number  of  waxj  masses  sq>arates  thia  order  from  sU  other  dicotjledoaous 
orders.  (G.  Dm.) 

Leava  simple,  opposite,  exttipulate,  deoduous;  stuning,  entire.    Fhwtn 
nibunbellate.  —  Twining  shnibi  ;  natives  of  South  Europe  and  Am. 


PERITLOCA  L.  Thb  Pbriploci.    Lm.  Si/il.  Pentandria  Dig^U 

MenlHlaaim,    tt.  Br.  In  II(m.  Wmi.SiK..  I,  p.  ».i  Don'i  1IUL.4.  p.  lO. 

Sfnmifma.    Pnliiloa  »-.  |  Schlfaiit.  Ocr.  i  FerhikKa.  ItaL 

Dtrlwatioit.    From  prrlfiekt,  to  wrap  bIxmiI  ;  In  miriulDD  tc  lb*  twining  itavu. 

Gtn.  Char,,  ^e.  ConMa  rotate.  Throat  fiimished  with  5  awned  scales,  which 
alternate  wiih  the  segments  of  the  corolla.  FVarnenti  diitinct.  Anlhert 
.  cohering,  bearded  on  the  back .  PoUen  maiiei  aj^lied  to  the  dilated  tops 
of  the  corpuscles  of  the  stigma,  sohtary ,  or  composed  of  4  confluent  ooeC^ 
Stigata  almost  mutic.  Fol&Ut  cylindrical,  much  divaricate,  smooth.  Setdi 
Gomose.  (Am'r  MiB.) 

Leaoet  as  in  the  Order.    Fhitm  subcorymbose,  interpetiolar.  —  Shrubti, 


LI.   jtSCLI.Pl ADjt'CBM:    PERl'PLOCA. 


t'cA  L.    The  Qreek  Periploca. 
I  Lodd.  cu.  (d.  ins. 

t-M-t  silk  Tmi  ApodDO  HrpattUMa, 
surAi.  IML  Bd  IML 
'ing  from  ovate  to knceolale,  Sin.  to 4  in. long, 
».      Flowers   hiurj  inude.      Bnnchea  brown. 
SegracDtt   of  corolla   linear,  rounded   at   the 
Bpez,  greenish   outdde   and  brownish  inside, 
Rod  dotbed  with  copioui  short  hain.  (Dob'i 
Mill.')    A  deciduous  twilling  shrub.    South  of 
France,  Bithjnia  ;  found  also  shout  Buna,  end 
on  Hoimt  Athos.  SteniB  20  a.  to  SO  ft.  Intro- 
duced \a  1S97.    Flowers 
rich  vdvetf  brown  i  Julj 
and  August. 

arkable    colour 


■nd  rich  velTCty  appearance 
of  the  flowen,  the  el^ant  i 
form  of  the  leaver  ana  the 
bcili^  with  which  the  plant 
can   be  made  to  cover  an 


the  odour  of  the  Sowers  is  cansidered  unwholeoome,  and  even  dangerous 
tliose  who  are  long  exposed  to  it. 


.1  8.  P.  ansustipo'lia  LtHM.    The  narrow-leaved  Periploc 


Srmafma.    P.  tUM>  *■«*.  i  P!  1>t1|SI>>>W.'    " 

&wr«bwi.    I.MAl.Pl.Srr.,deeLS.p.ll,t.l7.;adoiirj|(.lw. 

tte.  Qar^i^.  Leaves  vdnless, nar- 
rowJanceolate,  glabrous,  persii- 
tent.  Cjines  trichotomout.  Flow- 
ers purplish  innde,  pale  ;^w 
bentath  and  round  the  mouth, 
with  a  white  spot  in  the  middle. 
Leave*  1  in.  long.  {Dorii  Milt.') 
A  twining  ahrub.  Tiuii'i,  on  Mount 
Schibe)  Jiekel ;  and  of  the  Island 
of  Lampedosa,  at  the  sea  ride, 
near  Laodicea.  Stem  SO  ft.  to 
30  ft.  Introduced  in  IBOO,  and 
^ite  ai  hardy  as  P.  grv^ca. 

PnTSu'ifTflOS  ^Aflu  Hart.,(Bot.R(%.,  t.lT59.;  and  our 
^.1285.),  a  ligneous  climtier  from  Buenos  Ayres,  hai  stood 
out  against  a  wall  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  and 
in  some  of  the  London  nurseries, 
I  during  the  winter  of  1836-1839.  It 
is  a  plant  of  very  interesting  and 
uncommon  aspect,  and  not  only 
flowers  freely,  but  produces  its  ovate 
pointed  fruit  (j%r.  I S84.),  which,  be- 
ing in  clusten  uul  lane,  has  a  vo-y 
singular  appearance,   bitrod.  1830. 


660  ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

Order  LII.     BIGNON//f  C£^ 

Oed.  Chab.  Cahfx  divided  or  entire.  Corolla  tubular,  generally  irr^lar, 
4 — ^5-lobed.  Sament  5,  but  either  1  or  3  of  them  are  sterile.  Ovarium  2- 
celledy  guarded  by  a  glandular  disk.  SUgma  bilamellate.  Captule  2-valved|^ 
2-cellea.  DiitepmerU  parallel  or  contrary.  Seeds  compressed,  winged. 
Albumen  none.  —The  structure  of  the  fruit  and  placentation  of  the  seeds 
readily  distinguish  this  order  from  its  allies.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple  or  compound,  opposite,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub- 
everareen  ;  serrated  or  entire.  Flowers  terminal  and  axillary.  —  Shrubs, 
climbing  by  tendrils  ;  natives  of  North  America  and  China. 

The  genera  which  contain  hardy  species  are  thus  distinguished :  — 

BiGNO^N/ii  Tourn.     Calyx  5-toothed.     Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  paralleL 
TEfcoMA  Juss.     Calvx  5-toothed.    Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  contrarv. 
Cata'lpa  Juss.     Calyx  2-parted.    Dissepiment  of  the  fruit  parallel. 

Genus  I. 


BI0NO'fi/i4  Tourn.    The  Trumpet  Flower.    Liu.  Syst.  Didynimia 

Angiosp^rmia. 

IdenHfteatUm.    Toarn.  Intt..  72. ;  Don's  Mill^  i.  p.  3I& 

Symmymet,    Blgnone,  Fr. ;  Trompetenblume,  Ger. ;  BIgnonia,  litd. 

Serivatiom.    Named  fay  Toumefort  in  compliment  to  AbBi  Bigmtm,  librariui  to  Loolf  XIY. 

Gen.  Char.,  8fc,  Calyx  campanulate,  5-toothed,  rarely  entire.  CorcUa  with  a 
short  tube,  a  campanulate  throat,  and  a  5-lobed  bilabiate  limb.  Stamens  4, 
did  vnamous,  that  is,  2  long  and  2  short ;  with  the  rudiment  of  a  fifth. 
Lobes  of  anthers  divaricate.  Sligma  bilamellate.  Capsule  silique-formed, 
2-celIed  ;  having  the  dissepiment  parallel  with  the  valves*  Seeds  disposed 
in  2  rows,  imbricate,  transverse,  with  membranous  wings.  (^Don*s  Mill.) 

Ijeaves  compound,  opposite,  sub-evergreen  ;  conjugate,  stipulate,  tri- 
foliolate.  Flowers  axillary,  usually  panicled.  —  Shrubs,  usually  scandent, 
furnished  with  tendrils.  The  only  nardy  species  is  a  deciduous  climber,  a 
native  of  North  America  ;  and  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  roots, 
or  shoots,  in  common  soil. 

1  1.  B.  CAPRBOLA^TA  L.    The  tendriled  Bignonia,  or  Trumipei  Flower, 

lientifictUbm.     Ltn.   Spi,  870.  t    Hort.  Cliff,  317. ;  Don*!  Mill.,  A. 

p.  217. 
EngraHngi,    Bot  Mag.,  t.  864. ;  and  our  Jig,  1286. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Climbing.  Leaves  conjugate ;  leaflets 
cordate-oblonff ;  lower  ones  simple.  Tendrils  small, 
trifid ;  the  lobes  bifurcate.  Peduncles  axillary,  1- 
flowered,  crowded.  Calyx  entire.  Corollas  reddish 
yellow.  Follicles  flattened,  1  fV.  long.  (Don's  MiU,) 
A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  North  America,  in 
the  more  southern  parts.  Stem  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1710.  Flowers  orange  brown;  June 
and  July. 

A  very  ornamental  wall  climber,  but  it  requires  a 
sheltered  situation  and  favourable  exposure,  m  order 
to  flower  freely.     In  sheltered  situations,  in  a  climate         '**<»•  »•  «p««»*«^ 
not  colder  than  that  of  London,  it  forms  a  very  desirable  shrub  for  covering 
latticework,  either  forming  the  support  of  a  verandah,  or  the  sides  and  roof 
of  a  berceau  or  bower. 


Lll.   aiGSOitl/ICEJB.'   T^COUA. 


[ZJQ 


TE'COMA  Juas.     The  Tkcoma.     Un.  Si/il.  Dtdyn&inis  Angiosp£ruiu. 
UemlVetUom.    tua.  Ga„ji.  ■».;  Uon'i  Mil].,  t.  p.  xa. 
ama^fimr.    Bjaoi^  >■>.  oruo.  ud  Dthen. 
/MrfiiMM.    FTim  TVAnwuvoUU.  Iha  Muteu  urns  dT  ana  or  the  ipBdH. 


Gen,  Char.,  ^.  Cah/x  campuiulste,  5-taothed.  Corolla  with  a  short  tube 
anil  B  campamilate  throat ;  limb  5-lobed,  bilabiate.  Slametu  i,  diJynamouB, 
that  is,  8  long  bhiI  8  Bfaort ;  witb  tbe  rudiment  of  a  fifth  Eterile  filamenL 
Stigma  bilamellate.  Captuie  rilique-formed,  S-celled,  having  the  dissepi' 
ment  contrary  to  the  tbIvcs.  Seedi  disposed  in  2  rows,  itnbncnte,  winged, 
transverse.  {Don't  Miil.) 

Lcatxt    compound,   opposite,    eistipulate,    deciduous  i    imp«ripinDBte. 
FUneert  terminal,  panicled,  orange  or  scarlet.  —  Shrubs,  scandent,  decidu- 
ous; ttatives  of  Asia  and  North  America. 
The  only  hBrdji  species  jet  introduced  is  a  deciduous  climbing  shrub,  quite 

hardy,  and  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  shoots  or  roots, 
.1  1.  T.  BAl>rCAM9  Jutt,   The  rooting'Arai>rA«rf  Tecoma,  or  Trumpet  Flower. 


dCHIL    JdH.  WO,,  p.  lov.  ;  tiona  vui.,1-  | 

t.  Ietm.le.  I  miaaiWa  /rulidnilU  CUnt.  < 
lltr.  I  BiMhubUiiUM  BtgDooU,  Dim*.  ;  • 
tVI.    Sst.lUc-it.l».l  ■ndouiJlf.  IMT. 


^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Climbing,  glabrous.  Branche* 
rou^,  rooting.  Leaflets  9,  ovate,  acuminated, 
coarsely  serrated.  Racemes  terminal,  corymbose, 
on  long  peduncles.  Tube  of  corolla  5  timrs 
longer  than  the  calyx.  {Don't  Mill.)  A  robngt 
deciduous  climber,  which  fixes  itself  to  trees  or 
walls  by  its  roots,  like  ivy.  Carolina,  Florida,  and 
Virginia.  Stems  80  fl.  to  30  ft:.  Introduced  in 
1640.  Flowers  scarlet  and  orangfr<oloured,  large  ; 
August  and  September. 
Variety. 

1  T.r.f!  maior  Hart,  has  the  flowers  larger  and 
of  a  darker  scarlet;  the  leaves,  also,  differ 
considerably,  both  in  size  and  shape.     Ca- 
'  rolina  ;  August.     Introduced  in  1724. 

In  British  gardens  it  grows  vigorously,  producing  i ,  ,,  r.raEcw 

tufts  of  leaves  and  fine  flowers   abundantly  at  the 
extremity  of  the  branches,  but  is  rather  apt  to  become  naked  below. 
1  2.  T,  aRANDipu>^SA  SwI,     The  great-Jowered  Tecoma. 

IdMIHamail.   Si*Ml'lItort.Btlt.,p.lt.^DaB'lHnL, 

tiMmfma.  Blgntafa  snDdlUn'  Ikmt.  Fl.  Jnp. 
»l.  I   B.  cbln&dl  Lmn.  Did.  I.   p.  4M.  (  Rlot^a  ^ 

-limn.    n«Ki   IncmrTillM   g^i^aaiii 

U-  t.  p.  SK  i  Tuuc-Ton-tk,  OSntK. 
Bukl  Icon.  KKnpT^  l.  11.)  ind  ouc 

Spec. Char., i[c,  SligfatlyscBndent,gIabrous. 
Leaflets  7 — 9,  ovate,  acuminated,  coarsely 
sefratcd,  attenuated  at  the  base.  Pani- 
cles terminal,  pendulous.  Calycine  s^- 
meats  lanceolate,  length  of  toe  tube  of 
the  corolla.  Branches  rooting.  Young 
shoots  spottedwitb  dark  purple.    Leaves  ^g,  j- , n^,. 


"X^ 


662  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICtJH. 

6 in. to  loin.  long.     Petioles  inargjniite.     Fkmen  pendulous,  Ibnniiig  ter- 

minal  croM-ann^  panicles,  large,  of  a  tawny  oninee  colour  on  the  outvde, 

and  of  a  tolerablv  bright  reddish  orange  colour  ins ide,  with  brigbta:  Mreaks. 

Nectary  B  glandular  crenated  ring.     Anterior  lobe  of  atigma   recurred. 

{Don'i  MiU.)   A  climbing  deciduoui  ihrub.    China  and  Japan.  Stem  SO  ft. 

to  soil.   Introduced  in  1800,  Floweri  orange^oloured;  July  and  August. 

Almost  ai  bardy  as  Ticoma  radlcans,  which  it  greatly  reMmblei,  bat  of  a 
sliihter  habit,  though  it  has  much  Ysif/a  flowen,  and  is  altogether  a,  yay 
splendid  plant. 

Genus  III. 


CATA'LPA  JusB.     The  Catalpa.    Lin.  Sj/tt.  Diindria  Monogfnia. 

UtlUIMl'IOf.    Juu.  aai.,lH.,iiil.  lllUrUp.  lU.;  D«'lMUI..4.p.  tM. 

S^aifmn.    BlgDanrs  tp.  of  Us.  uvl  Mben  I  Blsncnn  CiUlp^  Ft.  1  (mriu  TraupMnMoBC. 

DtHvaOim,    The  Indlin  umaormpednof  BI(iiBidi. 

Gffn.  Ckw.,  ^c.  Catjfx  !-parted.  CoroUa  campanulate,  trith  a  rantrkoae 
tube,  and  an  unequal  4-lobed  limb.  Stanurm  5,  3  of  wbicb  are  fertile,  and 
S  of  them  sterile.  Sligma  bilamellate.  Capialc  silique-formed,  long,  cyljn- 
drical,  8-valved.      Dutepmeat  apposite  the  valves.     Setdi  membnnously 


ripose  at  tbe  base  and  ai>ex.  (Doa'i  MM.) 
.  opp<»ite,  or  dinioted  3  in  a  whorl,  eKiti[>uIate,  qbciuudus  : 
entire.     Flowert  terminal,  panicted,  white.  —  A  tree,  deciduous ;  native  of 


North  America;  of  easy  culture  in  commoi)  loil,  and  propagated  by  imported 
seeds  or  cuttings  of  the  roots. 

.  C.  srxmasto^ik  Shut.    Tbe  Lilac-file-leaved  Catalpa. 

-'-  '■-'■—  "x  Sp.,  sas.)  CocJtw  UfOBBltUlt  WiK.  FL  Ctf.   p.1 


n,  Citalpa  ds  I'Aatriqua,  Fr. ;  Ti«Hp«l«- 


Liii.  solajxjl'ceje:  jola'^num.  663 

Demaiiom.  Tb«  French  of  Upper  Louisiana  call  thU  tree  Bois  SbaTanon,  fktim  its  being  foond  In 
abundance  on  tbe  banlu  of  tbe  rhrer  Skavanont  now  called  tbe  Cumberland.  Catd^  b  turooMid 
to  be  a  corruption  of  Ctrtmoki,  an  Indian  tribe  that  liNinerly  occupied  a  great  part  of  Georgia  and 
tbe  Carolinas. 

Engrat^mgt,    Schmidt  Baum.,  1. 1. 14. ;  tbe  plates  In  Arh  Brit.,  Ut  edit,  toL  vil.  |  and  oarJIgATBd. 

Spec,  Char,y  S^c,  Leaves  cordate,  flat,  3  in  a  whorl,  large  and  deciduous.  Branches 
strong.  Panicles  large,  branchy,  terminal.  (Don's  Mill.)  A  deciduous  tree. 
Carouna,  Georgia,  and  Florida,  on  the  tmnks  of  rivers.  Height  80  ft.  to  30  ft. 
sometimes  60  ft.  Introduced  in  1726.  Flowers  white,  mark^  with  purple  and 
yellow ;  July  and  August.   Capsules  remarkably  long,  narrow,  and  homy. 

The  catalpa  is  generally  propagated  by  seeds,  which  are  imported  from 
America  ;  but  it  will  grow  readuy  from  cuttings  of  the  root ;  and,  of  course, 
plants  so  raised  will  flower  much  sooner  than  those  which  are  raised  from  seed. 
The  tree  is  of  rapid  growth  till  it  attains  the  height  of  80  ft.,  which,  in  deep 
free  soil,  in  ihh  neighbourhood  of  London,  it  does  in  10  years. 


Order  LIII..  SOLANA^CEiE. 

Obd,  Char,  Cafyx  5-cleft,  persistent  Corolla  5-cleft,  usually  regular ;  aestiva- 
tion imbricate  or  plicate.  Stamens  5,  rarely  4,  epipetalous.  Sfyle  i,  Fndt 
2 — 4-celled,  ci^ular  or  baccate.  Albumen  fleshy.  Regular  flowers,  arched 
or  spiral  embryo,  plicate  aestivation  of  corolla,  and  equal  stamens,  distinguish 
this  order  from  its  allies.  {G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  oblong, 
and  sometimes  pinnately  divided.  Flowers  solitary  or  numerous.  —  Shrubs, 
deciduous  or  sub-eveigreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  South  America ; 
readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  any  common  soil,  not  over  moist. 

The  few  lisneous  or  sufiruticose  hardy  plants  contuned  in  this  order  are 
included  in  the  genera  iSbUtoum,  X/eium,  and  Crab6wskia,  which  are  thus 
characterised:—* 

jSbLA^fUM  Tlkny,    Anthers  connivent,  dehiscing  by  pores  at  the  apex.    Berry 

8-celled,  rardy  4-celled. 
Xt'cium  Ij,  ^Anthers  usually  ezserted,  and  not  connivent,  opening  lepgth- 

wise.    Berry  S-celled. 
CraboVskm  Schlecht.    Drupe  containing  two  2-celled  bony  carpels.     Cells 

1 -seeded. 

Genus  L 


EHn 


50LA'NUM  Tounu    The  Nightshads.   Um,  Syst,  Pentindria  Monog^nia. 

Idemtffietaion.    Toom.  Init.,  p.  149.  t.  61. ;  Un.  G«n.,  No.  Sftl. ;  Don't  MIIL,  4.  n.  400. 
Sgmmifmte:    UOcnrnJUM  Toom.  Intt.  p.  161.  t  661 ;  PwAdo-Oftpticum  Mmuk  Mfth,  p.  476. ; 

NvcUrium  Femi.  Jmrd.  Malm,  p.  85. }  AqutrUm  J«cq.  Amer.  p.  15.  t.  IS.  ;  Morelle,  JV. ;  Nacht- 

■cnatten,  Oer. ;  SoUno,  tioL 
Deriraiiom.    The  first  use  of  tbe  woi'd  StOanmrn  oecun  fn  the  writing!  of  Tniffiii,  who  applied  It  to 

ChenopMhun  hjrtM-lduni ,    It  Is  said  to  be  derived  flrom  atUari,  to  console.    The  Oredu  called  oar 

Buropean  solanums  atruekuol,  a  name  which  Linnaeus  translJMrred  to  tbe  genos  of  tropical  shrubs, 

5trf  dinos,  to  which  tbe  nox  Tomlca  belongs. 

Cfen,  Char^  ^c.  Calyx  permanent,  5-,  rarely  4-,  cleft.  Corolla  rotate,  rarely 
campanulate,  5-,  rarely  4-,  cleft.  Anthers  oblong,  connivent,  opening  by  2 
pores  at  the  apex.  Berry  almost  globose,  2 — 3 — 4^celled,  but  usually 
2-celled.  {Don's  MiU.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evei]preen ;  undi- 
vided, sinuated,  lobed,  imparipinnate,  or  decompound.  Flowers  in  peduncles, 
solitary  or  numerous,  simple  or  multifid,  axillary  or  extra-oxiUary. — Shrubs, 

u  u  4 


664  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITAKNICUH. 

vuffrutcscent,  scandent,  deciduous  or  sub-everj^reen ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  or  South  America ;  of  the  easiest  culture  in  common  soiL 

A  \,  S.  DuLCAMA^RA  L.    The  Bitter-sweety  or  uw(n(/,  Nightshade. 

Idmtifleation.    Lin.  Sp ,  p.  264. ;  Don'i  Mill.,  4.  p.  409. 

Spntnwmfg.  S.  sdbulenfl  Nrek.  GaUo-Sti.  119.;  DulcsnuAra  llexuftu  Mceneh  Metk,  p.  614.;  S. 
•c&nBens  leu  Dulcamira  Toum.  Iiut.  p.  149. :  Amini  dtfldt  Qerard  Bmae.  SSM). ;  Daldf  amira 
TroB.  81&  :  Glyc^ptcTM  mu  Dulcam&n  Bauk,  Bin.  2.  p.  108.  loon. ;  la  Mordle  grimpMite,  Big- 
ttawU  Bot,  leom. 

Engra9iMg$.    Eng.  Bot,  t  MSi ;  Baxt.  Brit.  Fl.  PL,  toL  S.  t.  Lia ;  and  oar  Jig.  1990. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^r.  Shrubby,  scandent,  flezuous.  Leaves  ovate-cordate;  su- 
perior ones  hastate.  Corymbs  almost  opposite  the  leaves.  Shrub  gla- 
brous. Leaves  cordate  ;  superior  ones  hastate,  all  quite  entire.  Goiymbs 
panicled.  CoroUa  vi<^et>coloured,  with  reflezed  segments,  each  segment 
furnished  with  2  green  spots  at  the  base.  Berries  elliptic,  red.  (Doh*$  MUL} 
A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America,  in  hedges 
and  among  bushes ;  plentiful  in  Britain.  Stem  6  ft,  to  8  ft.  Flowera  violet ; 
June  and  July.    Berry  red  ;  ripe  in  S€)>tember. 

Varieties. 

^  S.  1>.  1  Ytolacea  Hort.  Eyst.  p.  385.  t  384.  No.  3.  ^Corollas  violet. 

1  S.  D.2  diba  Lin.  Fl.  Suec.  p.  66. — Corollas  white.  Lodd. 

S  S.  D.  3  cdmea  Cels.  Ups.  38. — Corollas  flesh-coloured. 

X  8.  Z>.  4  piena  Toum.  Inst.  149. — Corollas  double. 

1  S.  D.  5  variegdta  Munt.  fig.  156. — Leaves  variegated, 

1  S.D.6  hirtuta  Don's  Mill.  iv.  p.  409. ;  S.  littorile  ifor/.— -Plant  hairy 

or  downy.    Flowers  violet.    Found  on  the  sea  coast.  Lodd. 
1  S.  D.7  rupeitrtM  Schmidt  FL  Boh.  p.  69.— Stem  erect.    Leaves  ovate, 

quite  entire.    Racemes  few-flowered,  dichoiomous.    Bohemia. 

The  stems  of  this  species  are  roundish,  branched, 
twisted,  and  climbing  by  elongation,  among  other 
shrubs,  and  in  hedges^  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet, 
or  upwards.  When  bruised,  broken,  or  rubbed, 
they  yield  a  strong  and  peculiar  odour,  not  unlike 
that  which  proceeds  from  rats  and  mice.  The 
roots  smell  like  potatoes;  and  both  roots  and 
stalks,  upon  bein^  chewed,  first  cause  a  sensation 
of  bitterness,  which  is  soon  followed  by  a  con- 
siderable degree  of  sweetness,  whence  the  specific 
name.  The  berries  are  poisonous;  and,  as  they 
are  common  in  hedges,  they  are  very  fi'equently 
eaten  bv  children,  on  whom  they  operate  by  excit- 
ing violent  vomitine  and  purging.  Trained  to  a 
single  stem  to  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  and  sup- 
ported by  a  strong  iron  rod,  with  a  parasol  top, 
this  common  hedge  weed  might  form  a  very  handsome  gardenesque  pendulous 
tree ;  or  it  might  cover  a  domical  bower. 

ml,  2.  S,  CRi'sPUM  R.  i  S.    The  curled-i^ao»f  Solanum. 

IdeutifleaUon.    Ram.  et  Schult.  Sp.  Pi.,  4.  p.  896. ;  Don't  Mill.  4.  p.  414u 
Engravings.    Bot  Reg.,  t.  1516L ;  and  omjg.  1891. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  shrubby.  Leaves  ovate,  subcordate,  wavedly  curled, 
acuminate.  Flowers  corymbose.  {Bonn,  et  SchuU.)  Leaves  all  simple, 
undivided,  ovate,  or  cordate,  acuminate,  petiolate,  slightly  curled  at  the 
margin ;  .younger  leaves  nowderj',  but  full-grown  ones  green.  Cymes  many- 
flowered,  terminal,  all  the  jiarts  powdery.  Bracteas  none.  Calyx  short, 
5-toothed.  Corolla  middle-sized,  of  a  bluish  lead-colour.  Anthers  equal, 
yellow.  (Lindl.)  A  lai^  sub-eveigreen  rambling  shrub.  Chiloe,  in  waste 
places  and  hedges.  Height  15ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1830.  Flowers 
bluish  coloured ;  May  to  September. 


LIII.    SOLAVA^CEK  l    LY'CIUU. 

A.  bnrdy  vij[(irou»-grawing  plunt,  of  a 
much  more  ligneous  character  than  S, 
Dulcam^a,  «ut>-evergreen,  end  covered 
with  floweri  nearly  the  whole  summer. 
As  it  will  grow  in  anj  soil,  and  is  readily 
propagated  by  cuttings,  it  promises  to  b« 
of  great  value  aa  an  ornamental  climber. 
Tor  rapidly  coTering  nalied  walls.  If  tied 
to  a  stake,  and  thus  forced  to  grow  erect, 
it  will  throw  out  a  great  number  of  lateral 
branchlets,  at  the  end  of  every  one  of 
which  is  produced  a  bunch  of  floweni. 

The  art  of  hybridisation  has  not  yet 
been  practised  with  the  shrubby  species  of 
Jtolknum,  otherwise  it  is  not  improbable 
that  some  hybrids  might  be  origioaled  be- 
tween the  South  Americaa  and  the  British 
species,  which  would  be  as  hardy  as  those 
which  have  been  described.  i^,. 


Genus  II. 


be  dmunnuce  of  1  tH  plml  (7i^ii    _.    .  .^. 

tlina  n  thli  plinl.  BOd  thv  UbeU  baf iDf  baon  ■cddcTUallv  chjuife<l 


Lb,  vhtctiwu  luppoHd  b>  Dr.  aibtboi] 
l»,  ■lUi  nreuet  jirob«l]lIltT,  rcnirdi  i 
iDatol  Birterii  titiam. 


LY'CItJM  L.     The  Box  Tbobn.     X™,  Syt.  Pent&ndria  Monogynia. 
1  Don't  Hia,  4.  p.  4W. 
Id  All.  Gall.  1711.  i  MUrlDcm;  Vlns.  AmcT.;  I.rdCD.  Fr.  ;  Bdcki- 

ce  oir  1  tH  plml  {TUa  TliiiUi)  boTlog  Wn  leiil  lo  Iba  Dukt  aT  Arnrll 

c  b*cn  tho  Ahuinui  bifflctbrtui, 
tlcil  wltb  ■  ipedoi  o(  Btritrti 
1  mnxTU  j-jeluin. 

(Tea.  Char.  Cali/x  urceolate,  regularly  6-toothecI,  or  irregularly  3 — 5-clcll, 
permanent.  Corolla  funnel-shaped  or  tubular  ;  limb  5-  or  IO<leR,or  toothed, 
imbricate  in  testiTation,  sometimes  plicate.  Stamen*  5,  usuafly  eiserted  ; 
fitaments  bearded,  and  widened  at  the  base.  AnUieri  cordate,  dehiaciog 
lengthwise.     Berry  roundish,  2-celled.     Seedi  numerous,  renifonn.  (DotCt 

Xrotm  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  entire  or  nearly  entire, 
solitary  or  in  fkscicles.  Floweri  in  peduncles,  extra-Bxillary  or  terminal, 
solitary,  twin,  or  umbellate,  rarely  corymbose  j  white,  yellow,  rose-coloured, 
purple,  or  blue. — Shrubs,  deciduous,  scandent,  and  usually  somewhat  spinose ; 


J  I.  L,  BUROPx'uM  L.    The  European  Box  Thorn. 

MflUttcoMH.    Lin.  8nt,  9M. ;  Dm'i  UllL.  t.  p.  1M. 

^Mntfma.    L.  nUcUiUiml  Mill.  Oo.  Ho.  3.  |  JumluDlda  leubAtnin  Mkh. ;  SplDa  iuId,  SplDo  it 

S-f^M-  'Mtch.  Gen.,t  lOft.lLi  Mill.  Icon,  t.i;i.Ct.;UHliiurA.  1393. 

^c.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  erect,  loose.  Buds  spineacent.  Leaves  fascicled, 
ohorate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  or  apathulote,  bent  ubUqucly.  Flowers  twin  or 
solitary.  Corolla  fiinnel-sbaped.  Stamens  exsertcd,  but  shorter  than  the 
limb.    Calyx  &^;lcft,  rupturetf  at  the  side.     Corollas  pale  violet,  reticulated 

...:.i.  „.i  — : ...1. ■  1.    ^T.    ,    -.r.,,-.     ^  rambling  shrub,  with  lona 

,  ...umemble  suckers.  South  of 
Europe.  Stem  20ft.  to  30li.  InlroduceU  in  1730.  Flowers  violet: 
Hay  to  August.     Fruit  bright  scarlet  or  tcllow;  ri|>e  in  September. 


666 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


lm:- 


Valuable  for  covering  naked  walls,  as  it  grows  with 
extreme  rapidity,  and  flowers  and  fruits  freely,  in  almost 
an  V  soil  or  situation.  Established  plants,  in  good  soil, 
will  moke  shoots  10  or  12  feet  in  length  in  one  season ; 
and  the  plant,  when  trained  against  a  house  or  high 
wall,  will  reach  the  hdght  of  ^  or  40  feet,  as  may  be 
seen  in  some  courts  in  Paris.  Trained  to  a  stronc 
iron  rod,  to  the  height  of  80  or  30  feet,  and  then  allowed 
to  spread  over  an  umbrella  head,  it  would  make  a 
splendid  bower.  Its  shoots  would  hang  down  to  the 
ground,  and  form  a  complete  screen  on  every  side, 
ornamented  from  top  to  bottom  with  ripe  fruit,  which  is 
briffht  scarlet  or  yellow,  and  very  showy ;  with  unripe 
fruit,  which  is  of  a  lurid  purple;  or  with  blossoms,  which 
are  purple  and  white,  oome  idea  of  the  quantity  of  ripe 
and  unripe  fruit,  and  of  blossoms,  which  may  be  found 
on  a  shoot  at  one  time,  may  be  formed  from  fig,  1992., 
which  is  only  a  portion  of  a  shoot,  the  upper  part  of 
which  (not  exhibited  in  the  figure)  contained  two  or 
three  dozen  of  fruit,  all  ripe  at  once. 

VarieHet,  There  is  a  variet;^  with  yellow  fruit,  and 
another  with  the  fruit  roundish ;  and,  in  our  opinion, 
L.  Mirbarum,  chin^nse,  ruth^nicum,  Sh&wi,  and 
Trewtaiitfm,  all  of  which  we  have  seen  in  Loddiges's 
arboretum,  and  in  the  Paris  gardens  in  1840,  are 
nothing  more  than  variations  ofthe  same  form. 

1  2.  L.  (b.)  ba'rbarum  L,    The  Barbary  Box  Thorn. 


IdemiiflcatioH.    Lin.  Sp.,  977.  i  I>on*i  Mill.,  4.  p.  4M. 
Synomvmn.    L.  Aalimifbliom  MOL  Diet,  No.  6. :  L.  M 
Ait.Hort,  Kew.  1.  p.  287. ;  ttie  Duke  of  Argrirf  T« 
Etigrtt9mg$.    Dend.  Brit.,  t.  9. ;  and  oor/f.  1898^ 

Spec,  Char.,  Spc.  Branches  depend- 
ent Buds  spiny.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, flat,  glabrous,  acute. 
Flowers  twin,  extraraxillary,  pe- 
dicellate. Corolla  funnel-shaped. 
Stamens  exserted,  about  equal  in 
length  to  the  limb.  Branches 
aneular.  Buds  often  without 
spines.  Calyx  2 — 34obcd.  Co- 
rolla with  a  purple  limb,  and 
E*'  rish  base.  Stigma  24obed. 
ovate,  yellow.  Stamens 
ed  near  the  base.  There  is 
a  variety  of  this,  having  livid  or 

Kale  corollas,  and  reddish  yellow 
erries.  (DotCs  Miii.)  A  climbing 
deciduous  shrub.  Korth  of  Asia, 
Africa,  and  South  of  Europe. 
Stem  20  ft.  to  dO  ft.  Introduced  in  1696.  Flowers 
and  other  particulars  as  in  Zr.  europse^a. 

jl13.L,  (b.)  chinb^nsb  Mill,  The  Chinese  Box  Thorn. 

Identiflcatiim,    Mill.  DicC.»  No.  S.  i  Don'*  MilL,  4.  p.  486. 

Stimmi/me$.  JL,  bArtMrum  /I  chlnteie  AiU  Hort^KewA,  p.  167.;  ^* 


IMS.  £.(«.) 


bfffiMniiB  iMmr,  Cock,  1.  p.  166.  ?;  L.  orituni  V,  Dm  Hmm.  1.  p.  107. 
«.     Dond.  BiiU  t  S.j  and  oar  Jig.  1994.  flrom  tbe  N.  Du 


BngrtnimgB 


IV92     L  ciirBiMi'tt»' 


HsdIm  and  fig.  1S96.  fkom  a  liTlog  tpedmen 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.   Branches  pendulous,  prostrate,  striated. 
Buds  spinescent.      Leaves  by  threes,  ovate,  acute. 


Lui.  solanaVe*.  iy'cium. 

BUcDuBted  at  the  btwe.  Pe- 
duncles much  longer  tiian 
the  calyx,  which  is  entire. 
Stamens  exserted,  Nearly 
allied  to  L.  ruth^icura ;  but 
diOers  in  the  leaves  being 
broad-oTBte.  Shoots  \ay 
\oog.  (Zhn't MUL}  Aclimb- 
ing  da:iduous  shrub.  China, 
alwut  Pekin  and  Canton ; 
and  of  Cochin-China.  Sletn 
8  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  F. 
Flowers  purple ;  May  to  Au- 
gust. Fruit  orange-coloured ; 
tipe  in  August. 
Resembles  L.  europn'uiii, 
but  is  a  smaller  weaker  plant. 


MnWuMM.    Doa'>iml,4.  P.4U.I  LndiLf:^,  ad.  IMG. 

p  A,  I  Z.  chlDtDH  H.  Dm  Bam.  I.  r.  lis. 
Xagmiilg,    OiirJlf.niR.tnp.  1110. 

^Kc.  Char,,  S^c,  Branches  difftjse,  angular.  Buds 
s[»nose.  Leave*  petiolste,  lanceolate,  acute.  Pe- 
duncles l-Sowered,  solitary  or  twin,  eitra-Bxilku^. 
Calyx  2 — 3-cleft.  Corolla  runnel-abaped.  SCamenB 
exserted.  Thn  species  differs  from  L.  chin^nse  „m  ,  ciiinii-n 
Mill,  in  the  spines,  and  from  L.  barbarum  in  the 

kores.     Branches  rufescent.  Spines  few.   Corolla  fine  purple,  with  a  white 
star  in  the  centre.     Filaments  pilose  at  the  base.      Berry  ovate,    {Don't 
Mill.)  A  climbing  deciduous  shrub.  China.  Stem  6  ft.  to  10  ft.   Introduced 
in  I81S.     Flowers  purple  :  May  to  August. 
Judging  tima  the  phuits  in  the  Hackney  arboretum,  this  kind  is  scarcely,  if 

at  all,  different  from  L.  europx'um. 

X  5.  L.  (b.)  ruthb'nicum  Jlfarr.     The  Russian  Bos  Thorn. 

/dMCMuMM.    Hurr.  Cohidi.  Coett,  )TT9,  p.  1. 1 1. 1  Don'i  HIU.,  t.  p.  4CS. 
'    'Uiritim.  FaO.  rt.  Koa.  C.  p.  IS.  t. «.  i   Lyd™  So^ 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Branches  dependent.  Buds  spines- 
cent.  Leaves  linear-lanceolBte,  fleshy,  obtuse,  attenu- 
ated at  the  base,  solitary,  or  sub-bsciculate.  Peduncles 
longer  than  the  calyx.  Calyx  with  5  unequal  teeth. 
Stamens  exserted,  eaual  to  the  limb.  Calyx  usually 
irregularly   6-toothed,  rarely    £ — 3-lobed,    as    I 


birbarum.  Corolla  with  a  white  tube  and  pumliah 
limb.  Leaves  grev,  like  those  of  L.  ifrum.  (Ifon'i 
3fUL}  Aclimln^dedduous  shrub.  Siberia,  in  nitrous 


places;  on  theWoln,  and  in  Hrrrjii  __,_ 

10  ft.    Introduced  m  1804.    Flowers  white  i  June  tt 


yarie^ 


.>icum  Pall.  Fl.  Ross.  t.  49.  f,  ».~~ 
Leaves  shorter.  Buds  more  spinoae.  Flowers 
smaller.     Native  about  the  Caspian  Sea. 


666 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


1  6.  L,  (b.)  lanceola*tum  Pair,    The  \sinceo\atG4eaved  "Box  Thorn, 

IdeniifieatioH.    Poir.  Suppl.,  8.  p.  4».  jDon's  Mill.  4.  p.  488. 
Simoiunae.    L.  europie  um  fi  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.  No.  3699. 
Engravhigs.    N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  3S. ;  and  our  Jiga.  1297.  and  1298. 

Spec,  Char,,  4-c.  Branches  dependent,  reflexed. 
Buds  spinescent.  Leaves  lanceolate,  nearly  ses- 
sile, acute  at  both  ends.  Flowers 
solitary,  extra-axillary,  pedicel- 
late. Corolla  funnel-shaped.  Sta- 
mens exserted.  Calyx  unequally 
5-toothed.  Corolla  purple,  with 
a  white  bottom.  Berry  oblong, 
red.  (I>on*s  Mill,)  A  climbing 
deciduous  shmb.  Naples,  Greece, 
&c.  Stem  6  fl.  to  10  ft.  Intro- 
duced ?.  Flowers  purple;  May  to 
August.  Berry  red  ;  August. 


1S97.    L.Mlaiie«e- 
UUttm. 


I«M     L.  («.) 


_|  7.  L,  (?  E.)  TURBiNAh'UM  Du  Ham.    The  turbinate^/rti//^  Box  Thorn. 


1S99. 


Idemlifieaiion,    N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  p.  119.  t.  81. ;  Don't  Mill.,  4.  p.  4S8. 
S^mnaimes.    L,  Aalimlfdlium  iftU,  Diet.  Na  &  ? ;  L.  Mrbanim  fi  Dec,  FL 

Fr.  No.  2700. 
EngravmgM.    N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  81. ;  and  our  >%«.  1299.  and  1300l 

Spec,  Char.^  S^c,      Stems    erect,    fascicled.      Branchlets 

dependent,  terete.  Buds  spiny. 
Leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nated. Flowers  aggregate,  pedi- 
cellate, extra-axillary.  Corolla 
funnel-shaped.  Stamens  exserted. 
Calyx  trifid.  Berry  red,  and  turbi- 
nate. Corolla  violaceous,  with  a 
white  bottom.  (DotCt  MUl,)  A 
•V  y  climbing  deciduous  shrub.     China. 

Stem  '6  ft.  to  10  ft.    Introduced  in 
1709.      Flowers  violet;    May  to 

L.(?«.)Ciicliliikiim.  August.  1,00,  L.  (?e)UiitiafeUiBu 

J  8.  L.  aVrum  L,    The  African  Box  Thorn. 

Jdeniffleation,    Lin.  Sp.,  277. ;  Don't  MULi  4.  p.  429. 
Mngra9ingt.    Bot.  Reg.,  t.  854. ;  and  onr  JIga.  1301.  and  1309. 

S^c.  Char.,  ifc.  Erect,  sniny.  Leaves  fascicled,  linear, 
canescent,  attenuated  at  tne  base,  obtuse,  fleshy.  Flowers 
almost  axillary,  solitary,  drooping.  Corolla  tubular,  3  times 
longer  than  the  calyx.  Stamens  enclosed.  Bark  grey- 
coloured;  the  smaller  branches  frequently  spiny.  Loives 
glaucous.  Filaments  bearded  near  the  base,  as  in  all 
the  true  species.  Stigma  slightly  2-lobed.  Corolla 
violaceous,  rich  purple  above.  Berry  globose,  vio- 
laceous. Calyx  5-toothed.  {DotCt  MiUer.)  An 
erect,  spiny,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Spain, 
North  of  Africa,  Palestine,  Syria,  Egypt,  and  Arabia 
Felix.  Height  6  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1718. 
Flowers  pur{)le ;  May  to  July.  Bcnry  dark  blue  or 
1301 .  black  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Vtiriety.  j,^  ^^^^ 

1  \a.  €1.2  rig^um,  L,  rigid  um  Booth.  —  Leaves  long,  linear, 

glaucous ;  shoots  rigid.  Possibly  a  distinct  si>ecie8.  Native  country 
unknown,  but  probably  from  China,  or  the  North  of  India.  Received 
from  Messrs.  Booth,  in  1838. 

The  most  ornamental  species  of  the  genus ;  and,  though  rather  tender,  it 


.    SOLANA  CV-IE  :    CRABO'WSRM. 


well  deserves  a  pUbe  in  erery  collection  against  a 
wall.  There  are  la>^  and  handsome  .plants,  on  a 
nail,  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden,  which  were 
uninjured  by  the  winter  of  1837-8, 

Other  Speciei  of  Lucium.  —  There  were  in  the 
Horticultural  Society's  tiarden,  in  I83S,  planU 
named  L.  ovdtum  and  L.  ipaliUdlum,  but  chej 
appear  to  us  nothing  more  than  varietiea  of  L. 
twrbarun. — L.  obovatam  (^.  1303.  from  a  specimen 
received  from  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden)  was 
raised  there  from  a  seed  which  Mr.  Shepherd  picked 
from  »  dried  specimen  received  from  Peru  in 
1836.  The  flowers  are  of  a  dark  purple  and  verv 
showy,  and  the  plant  has  stood  against  a  south 
wall  through  the  winters  of  1837,  38,  and  39,  with- 
out any  protection. 

Genus  III. 


Q 


CRABO^SKM  Schlecht.     Thb  Crabowsbia.     Lia.  Syit.   Pentindria 
Monogi'nia. 


DeriwuUm.    laboaoisfot  [tr.' H.  CroAevi*',  ddc  at  U»  tdjlon  oC  flora  SOaiaea. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyi  subcampanulate,  regularly  ^toothed,  valvular  in  festiva' 
tion.  Corolla  with  a  short,  funnel-atiaped  tube,  and  a  S-parted  limb.  See- 
menti  ef  the  limb  spreadine  or  reflexed,  four  of  which  are  convolute  in 
lestivatioD,  the  fifth  extemsJ,  with  the  mai^ns  covering  the  edges  of  those 
near  it.  Slament  5.  FiiamenU  free.  Drupe  propped  by  the  permanent 
caivit.  iDon't  MUl.) 

l^avei  simple,  alternate,  enstipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.  Ftowers  sub- 
corymbose,  from  the  (asdcles  of  leaves,  or  the  tops  of  the  branchlets  i  whitish 
yellow. — A  shrub,  deciduous,  with  axillary  spines,  rambling,  with  the  habit 
of  £.^cium  j  native  of  Peru.     Culture  as  in  Lf  data. 

X   I.  C.BOSKHXAylXFo'LrA  Schlecht.     The  Boerfaaavia4eaved  Crabowskia. 

MnlOlcaHom.  ScM«*t.  lo  UimiHi,T.  p.  W.  j  Don'i  MUL,*.  p.  4». 
S-soawiKi.  Ltdum  boetbuilKAMMi  Lla.  Smnl.  p.  IM).  i  BhrM 
p.  4J,  t.  U.i  Lfclam  btilimphflluin  UvT.  Comm.  aat.  I1U  p.  ( 


~J,K. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves 
R  saltish  bitterish 

green. 


glaucescent,  with 


C'orolla  white,  having 
_ined  with  green.    Stamens  white.     Stigma 
Nuts  the  form   of  those  of  Coffea  ar£lnca, 

3n  one  side,  marked  by  a  slender  furrow  in 

the  middle,  obtuse  at  top,  and  perforated  by  two 
roundish  iiolea  at  the  base :  hence  it  ia  tridentate, 
the  first  tooth  from  the  middle  of  the  back,  the 
other  two  from  the  aides  ;  sometimes,  but  only  by 
abortion,  l-celled.  Albumen  copious,  fleshy.  {Don't 
Mili.)  A  rambling  deciduous  shrub.  South  of 
Brazil,  In  woods.  Height  6  ft.  Introduced  in  I7B0. 
Flowers  while  ;  April  and  May 
The  whole  plant  has  a  mealy  white  appearance  ;  by 


aruoretuh  et  ynuncETUM  britannicum. 


Order  LIV.     SCROPHULARIA'CE^ 

OSD.  Cbab.  Calyx  4 — 5-pBrted,  peruatent.  Corolla  deciduous,  irTeguhtr,  or 
bilabiate,  or  rmilar  ;  Eativation  imbricate:.  Stameiu  2  or  4,  usually  di- 
dynamouii,  rarely  equal.  Ovarimm  S-ceUed.  ^le  1.  Sigma  2-lobed  or 
undivid^.  Fnal  usually  capsalaTp  rarely  baccate,  8-celW,  i — i^ndred 
many-seeded.     Albumen  copious.  (G.  Don.') 

Leaiwf  simple^  opposite,  exstipulate, deciduous;  reticulatdy  r^ned. 
The  hardy  genera  in  Bridsh  gardens  are  fiuddlea  and  Paul&wnis,  which  are 

thus  contradistinguished :  — 

Bu'ddlb^.  Calyx  4-deft.  Corolla  tubular,  4-cle(l,  regular.  Stamens  4,  equal. 

Pavlo'wnm.  Calyx  5-cleft.  Corolla  sub-bilabiat^  5-cleft.  Stunens  4,di- 
dynamouE. 

Genus  I. 


□ 


BU'DDLEJ  L.  Thr  Buddi.ba.    Lin.  Syil.  Tetiindria  Honog/nia. 

iflS™ 

■KoUac 

Gen.  Chtr.,  ^,  Calyx  4.clell,  equal.  ConMa  tubular;  limb  4-«Iell,  r^ular. 
SUnaent  4,  equal,  enclosed.  Stiffna  cafHtate  or  clavatc.  Capni/e  ^-celled, 
S-vaWed  ;    valves    bifid.       "' '" 


central,  ot  length  free. 

Leavei  as  in  the  Order.  Phwen 
terminal ;  capitate,  spicate,  or  psni- 
cled  ;  oruiige  -  coloured.  —  Shrubs, 
deciduous  or  nearly  sub-evergreen, 
rambling,  usually  with  quadrangular 
branches,  natives  of  South  America. 
Readlljr  propagated  by  cuttings  or 
Uyeni,  in  any  li^ht  rich  soil,  in  a  drv 
tlieltered  situation,  or,  m  the  North 
or  England,  agwnst  a  wall. 
•  1.  B.  SLOBO'SA  £.  The  Globe> 
^Quwml  Buddies. 


Eonal,  clothed  vith 
oary    tomentunt. 


Liv.  scrofhulakia''ce«  :  pauloVnw.  671 

as  well  BS  the  uodei  Eules  of  the  leaves.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acumbaMd, 
crenated,  potiolate.  UeadaofflonerBglobose,  pedunculate.  Alarge,  apread- 
iitt,  deci<tuoiu  shrub.  Chili.  Height  13ft.  to  Idft.  Introduced  in  1714. 
Floireni  bright  yellow,  in  globe-like  headi^  fragraat  j  Ha;  to  July. 
Very  onuunental,  but,  being  someirhat  tender,  it  requirea,  north  of  London, 
B  warm  sheltered  situation,  and  a  dry  soil. 

Genus  II. 


a 


PAULO'WN/J  Sieb.     Turn    PAULonnu.       Lm.  Syil.     Didynunia 
AngioBpjnnia. 

IdnUtlailfim.    SMnMt  Fl.  J^k,!.  M. 

Sj/mamrmta.  BlntRUa  TfaOD.  FL  Jf.  p.  SM.,  WDU.  Sn.  PL  1.  p.  190..  Pin.  SiB.  1.  p.  170.  i 
iDCHTtUas  Spnof .  SfK.  V^.  1.  p.  n«.  i  Klrri.  Ji^miat,  KnB|il',  Amm.  p,  I6l ;  too,  Hik- 

DtriHttH.  K«n«I^Dr.aifboUttDliiBomarilKlii>pcrl>liaill(oTiilHIC>>»<H.th«H(ndUirT 

Qen.  (Aar.,  ^c.  Calyx  campanutate,  6-clefL  Corolla  tubularly  campanulate, 
with  a  i-cleft  sub-labiate  Gmb.  Stament  4,  didynemous.  Sbgma  trun- 
cate. Captule  woody,  8-celled,  8-valved.  Valiet  septicidal.  Seed*  nu- 
merous, each  surrounded  by  a  wing,  attached  to  a  fixed  placenta  on  the 
back  of  the  diBsepiment.     Albumen  fleahv.  ^^ie&.} 

Leava  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  aeciduous ;  petiolat^  entire.  Flowen 
purple  or  lilac,  in  terminal  pouiclea. —  A  deciduous  tree,  with  the  batrit  and 
general  q>peBrance  of  Catilpa  iyringa&]it ;  native  of  Japan. 

3   1.  P.  inpebiaYis  &eb.     The  imperial  PaulowDia. 


EnftwAif  J.  liiHBpc.  AmcK.,  V  In  p.  860. 1  Fl.  Jiip.,  t  10.  t  ud  our  JItt.  tm.  ud  taos. 
Spec.  Char.,  i[c.  Leaves  ovate,  cordate  at  the  base,  acute,  undivided  or  3- 
lobed,  densely  clothed  with  soft  hairt  beneath.  Flowers  panicled  {  calyx 
covered  with  msty  tomentum.  (5iei-)  A  magnificent  deciduous  tree  ;  Japan, 
in  the  louthem  provinces,  in  exposed  places.  Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.,  with  a 
trunk  8  ft.  to  3  it.  in  diameter,  in  Japan.  IntroducM  in  1840.  Flowers  pur- 
plish ;  April,  in  Japan. 

The  branches  are  few, 
but  strong,  and  proceed- 
ing from  the  trunk  at 
right  angles.  TheflowerB 
are  in  large  bunches, 
which  look,  at  a  distance, 
like  those  of  the  horse- 
chestnut  ;  while  the  indi- 
vidual flowers,  in  form, 
mie,  and  colour,  resem-  | 
ble  those  of  DigitUis 
purpilrea.  The  tree  was 
introduced  into  Europe  i 
in  tea?,  and  in  the  Jar- 
din  des  Plantes  there  is 
a  specimen  which  has 
stood  out  three  winters. 
In  July.  1840,  it  was 
ixn.  p.i-nmua.  nearly  18ft.  high,  and  in         ina.  r-iaipnikk. 


672  ARBORRTUM   ET  FRUTICETUH  BRITANHItiUU. 

bll  respects  cloae\y    resembled  a  caUlpa.     Tt  h   readily    propagated  bv 
cuttings  of  the   roots   or  shoots ;   Rowers  vieoroiuly  in  an;  coininon  soil, 

. tolerably  drr,  and  will  doubtleM  speedily  become  ns ""  ''""  — '"" 

throughout  £ujope.    Horticultural  Society's  Qerden. 


Order  LV.    LABIA'CE^. 

OxD.  Crax.  OUm  tubular,  persistent,  5^teft  or  5— IO-toothe<),  r^Ur,  or  M- 
labtate.  CtmUa  tubular,  bilabiate  ;  die  upper  lip  undivided  or  bind,  and  the 
lower  one  trifid.  Slametui,  didynamons,  2  ofwhicli  are  often  sterile,  inserted 
under  the  sinuses  of  the  lower  lip.  Lobet  of  anthers  usually  dimrtcated. 
Ovaria  4,  naked,  seated  on  a  glandular  disk,  and  connected  with  tite  base 
of  the  style.  ^l^S"*"  bifid.  Achema  i,  or  [eiier,  .JMumm  wanting,  or  sparing. 
—  The  opposite  leaves,  free  4-lobed  ovarium,  bilabiate  corolla,  and 
didynamoua  aEameiis  dintineuish  this  order  from  jffcnragfnefe  ;  and  the  Globed 
orarium  separates  it  from  Fabcaieeo!  and  .Icantliacefe,  &c.  (G.  Dot^ 

Ltaeei  simple,  alternate,  exstipuiate,  eve^reeii ;  small,  crowded.  Fiowert 

asillary  or  temunal.  —  Low  shrubs,  for  the  most  part  so  small  as  to  be 

treated  as  herbaceous  plants ;  natives  chiefly  of  the  South  of  Europe. 

Though  there  are  a  number  of  genera  belonging  to  this  order  containing 

species  which  are  technically  ligneous,  yet  there  are  none  that  can  popularljr 

be  conudered  as  shrubs  fit  for  an  arboretum,  with  the  exception  of  i%l6rois 

fruticdsa,    Aosmarinus  officinblis,  i.av&ndula   5pica,  and  Sfilvia  officinalis  ; 

these  plants  are  so  well  known,  that  we  consider  it  unnecessary  to  do  more 

than  give  figures  of  them,  with  the  following  slight  notices :  — 

VhlovoM  fniHcAia  L  (N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t.  40. ;  Bol. 
Mag.,  t.  I8i3.  ;  and  our  &.  1309.),  Jerusalem  i^age. 
is  a  native  of  Spain,  wiui  yellow  flowers,  appear- 
t  ing  in  June  and  July.  This  is  a  grejish  evergreen 
shrub,  growing  4  or  5  feet  hich,  and,  in  dry  soiU, 
enduring  10  or  18  years.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  Urce  whorls,  and  have  a  v(" 

appearance.  The  plant  well  merits 
a  place  in  collections,  on  account 
of  the  remarkable  appearance  of 
its  folisse,  independently  aliogetlier 
of  its  flowers, 

Hotmarinui    offidnaJit   L.    (PI 

Or*C.,  1. 1.  1+, ;  and  ourj^.  1310.) 

is  a  well-known  e*etgreen  shrub, 

a  native  of  the  South  oF  Europe, 

which  has   been  an  inhabitant  o( 

iM*.  n.i*.<.A«icM.         ^y,  gardens  wnce  15«.      There 

are  plants  of  it  in  different  ^rdens  in  the  ndghbourhood    . 

of  London,  which,  as  bushes  m  the  open  border,  in  j  or  6 

yearn  have  attained  the  hei^t  of  as  many  feet,  and  breadth 

m    [iroportion  j    thus    forming   very   handsome   evei^reen 

hushes.      As  the  plant  dowers  from  January  to  April,  it 

forms,  when  so  treated,  a  verv  desirable  garden  ornament. 

There  are,  also,  a  variety  with  the  leaves  variegated  with 

|:old  colour,  and  a  silverj'-leaved  variety ;   but  these  are 

uOen  nither  weaker,  and  more  dwarf,  than  the  species. 

\jaandula  Splca  L.  (K.  Du  Ham.,  3.  t.  42. ;  andour^. 
ni  l.),the  common  Lavender,  Is  a  well-known  fnurant  shrub, 
a  native  of  the  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  Atrica,  which   . 
like  the  rosemary,  has  been  longan  inhabitant  of  British  ^ar-  'S 
dens.  In  deep,  dry,  calcareous  soils,  it  will  grow  to  the  height 


LVI.    FERBENA  CE«  :    TI  TEX.  673 

oT  3  ft^  and  fonn  b  compact  bemispberical  bush, 
flowering  abuodwitly  every  year     The  flowers  are 
pnerally  purple,  but  there    ■ 
a    B  vanety    with  white 
flowen;    and    L.  [aHfiiia  > 
Ehrh.,whichbDotuDCom-  ^ 
man  in  gBrdena,and  which 
hai  lilac  flowers,  though    > 
treated  by  some  as  a  spe- 
eiet,  is  probably  nothing 
more  than  another  variety. 
a.  Silaa    offianiEt   1. 
(N.I}uHam.,6.t.S5.;and 
)  our^.  131S.jiB  a  well- 
known  Buffl:uCico«e  plant,  C 
which, thou^seldatnieen 
above  2  ft.  m  height,  yet, 
uiu  iiii.fcii  III!  *"   ^^^   iandy  soil,  wilL  .^^.jju. 

*^         grow  to  the  height  of  0  or  "      '^"^ 

6  Teet,  and  produce  a  stem  as  thick  as  a  man's  leg.  It  is  «  native  of  the 
South  of  Europe,  and  has  been  known  in  British  gardens  from  time  imm'e- 
inorial,  and  when  grown  in  masses,  and  abounding  in  racemes  of  flowen,  it  is 


Order  LVI.     J^RBENACEffi. 

Ojid.  Cajs.  Calj/x  tubular,  persistent.  Corolla  tubukr,  deciduous,  irregular. 
Slam<iu  2  or  4  ]  when  4,  didynamous,  rarely  equal.  Ovarium  i — 4-celled. 
Styk  I.  Stigma  bifid  or  undivided.  Fruit  dnipaceous  or  baccate.  At- 
iamen  wanting  or  very  sparing.  (C  Von.) 

Leavei  simple,  opposite,  stipulate,  dcciduoui ;  dmtate.  FUm/tri  terminal. 
—  Shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe.  Propagated  by 
seeds,  cutdDgt,  or  layera,  in  commoQ  soil. 

Genus  I. 

a 

Ft'TEX  L.    Tbb  Crastb  Trib.    Lm.  Sytt.  Didynkmia  Angiosp^nnia. 
MrmUflcaHam.    Lin.  G«.,  NilTM.  ;  N.  Do  Hui^S.p.  11&, 
Sgyimrtn.    OitUhr.  Fr.  \  KoDKbtMiiD,  Oir. ;  Vltka,  llal. 

AtMbMs.    FnnWRi,lebkiil,u  wUkBC^Hi  liiRfnaalatbalulbUHriri'lbaihoaU. 
Gen.  Char.,  ^c.     Catyi  short,  5-tcothed.     Corolla  bilabiate  -,  upper  lip  bifid, 

lower  one  trifid  ;  middle  segment  of  the  lower  lip  the  largeat.     Slametu  4, 

didynamous,  ascctufing.     SUgma   bifid.     Drupe   containing  a  4-ceUed  nut. 

C^I-weded. 
Leaoet  ai  in  the  Order.    Flotucri  in  tenninal  racemes,  panicled,  bliush 

white.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous,  native*  of  the  South  of  Europe. 

■  1,  r.  A'auvs  Cjt'sTUS  L.     The  officinal,  or  true,  Chaste  Tree. 
LIB.  Bp.,  oa  :  tta.  DM.,  i.  p.  611. 
MgDim  TtMndntnf  Lob,  Icon.  t.  IM.  i  A'gaia  c«iCui  Blacttr. ;  Ftftt  ■frtMli 

, ra  au  Polrn.  I^Tn  umin,  fV.  j  Fepa  dl  Moucl. /fuj. 

XntrmHi^,    Bitctn.  Bab.,  1. 1».  i  N,  Du  Hun,.  &  I.  K,;  and  our  A-  ma. 
Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.     Leaves  opposite,  digitate,  7 — 5-lobed:  leaflets  lanceolate, 
mostly  quite  entire,  hoary  beneath.     Racemes  terminal,  panicled.     Flowers 
verticillate.  (  WUld.)    A  low  deciduoiis  shrub.    Sicily,  Naples,  the  North  of 


ARBOHETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    Bl 

Africa,  and  Egypt.    Height  5  (L  to  6  ft.  Introd.lSTO. 
Flowers  white,  bluish  white,  or  reddish  white  ;  Sept. 
rariety. 

•  V.  A.  S  tatjlolia  Mill.  (N.  Du  Ilam.,  n.  p.  t  IS.) 

haa  the  leaflets  broader  and   shorter  than 

those  of  the  species.     The  spiLea  of  flowers 

are  shorter,  and  the  flowers  are  always  blue. 

South  of  France  and  Italy. 

It*  Sowers  have  an  agreeable  odour ;  but  the  leaves 

have  an  unpleasant  smell,  although  aromatic.      No 

seeds  are  produced  in   England.      The  plant  grows 

freely  in   any  soil  that  is   tolerably  dry ;   and  it  is 

readily  propaeated  by  cuttings,  put  m  in  autumn,  and 

protected  wicE  a  hand-glass.   In  the  Paris  nurseries  it 

IS  frequently  raised  from  seeds  recdved  from  Italy, 

and  both  in  France  and  England  the  plant  sometimes 

^iFm  am.         produces  suckers. 

m  2.  y.  (^.)  iNOi'iA  Lam.     The  cutitunnJ  Chaste  Tree. 

Anuiwiu.     r.  Xrgmiia  Bot.  Atf.  I.  SM 
awr«M4i.    BM.^bf..  I.  >M.  I  udourjtc.  ISU. 

Spec.  Char^  ic.    Leaves  digitate,  compoBed  of  five  leaflets, 

Bubpinnatifid.    (ZrfitN.)      A   deciduous   shrub.      China. 

Hc^t  4  ft.  to  5  ft      Introduced  in   176B.      Flowers 

bluish,  purplish,  or  whitish  ;  July  to  September. 

This  supposed  species,  though  not  common  in  British 
gardens,  is  quite  hardy  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  where  it 
grows  with  great  vigour,  and  flowers  proliiselv.  INscia- 
guished  at  a  glance  from  the  preceding  and  following 
rpecies,  by  its  long  linear  fine  deep  green  leaflets. 

•  3.  r.  ARBOHBA  Rox.     The  arboreous  Chaste  Tree. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      LesTes  dictate ;   leaflets  ovate, 

acuminate,  dentate.     A  lai^  shrub ;  in  its  native 

country  a  small  trcfi.     India.      Ilnght  30  ft.  j  in 

the  Paris  Garden  5  ft.    Introduc^  7.  Flowers 

purptish ;  July  and  August. 

Readily  known  from  the  preceding  sorts  by  its 

nuch  broader  leaves,  shorter,  and  of  a  paler  green. 

According  to  Royle,  this  species  in  the  Himalayas 

I'iclds  a  hard  and  durable  timber,  much  used  and 

•stcemed.     The  plant,  in  the   Paris  Garden,  grows 

■rith  great  vigour,   and  is   quite  hardy,  but   does 

lot  flower  freely. 


Subdivision  II.     MONOCHLAMY'DEiE. 

Perianlh  limple. 

Order  LVII.     CHENOPODIA'CE^. 

Ojis.  Cuas.    Perianth  deeply  divided,  and  persistent  i  estivation  imbricate. 
Slaheiu  equal  in  number  to  the  divisions  M  the  p«iantfa,  or  opposite  tiient, 


LTII.    CHENOPODlVcE£  :    CUENOPO^DtUH.  675 

or  fewer,  inserted  in  tlge  bottom  of  the  perianth.  Ovariain  I-seeded,  usudl^ 
free.  Slylt  2 — 4-cleft,  rarely  Bimple,  Slignuu  undivided.  Pericaiv  mem- 
branous, valveless,  seldom  baccate.  Embryo  inonhine  a  farinaceous  albumen ; 
or  spiral  or  forked,  without  albumen. —  Onlv  distingmshed  from  ^maran- 
thices  in  the  insertion  of  the  stamens.  (G.  Don.) 

Z^nvei  siii)ple,Blteraate,  oropposite,  eistipulote,  deciduoos  or  sub-ever- 

Eeen  ;  entireor  lobed.  Flowert  terminal. — Bhrubs,  natives  of  the  South  of 
urope  and  North    America.      The  genera   are    three,  which   are   thus 
contradistinguished  :  — 

Cbbnoi^'diuh  L.    Flowere  hermaphrodite. 
A'tfiiVLZx  L.    Flowers  polygainoui. 
Dio^Tis  Schreb.    Flowers  moncecious. 

OeNU8    I. 


□  □ 


CHENOPO'DIUM  L.    The  Ooobefoot.    Im.  Syit.  Pt 

IdniMtctfliHi.    Un.  Oea,  111.,  bat  wllh  ■m*  modlBcBlon  ilnc*. 
Snniiiiw.    SiliUi  ipL';  IsHriiu,  Pr.  i  Ovua  Fun.  Otr. ;  Cbenapodlo,  I 
DciiMtoii.    Fran  the  GrHk  vonli  cUih  >  gooie,  ud  Kdin,  ■  Tiuie  Coa 
tuiriag  Urie  knpilv  Ihth  eKlremsl/  like  t1i«  webbed  foot  of  a  watvrtbwl. 


obtuse.     FruH  a  utricle,  invested  by  the  calyx.  (G.  Don.) 

Leiznei  umple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  generally 
lobed,  bearing  a  friable  unctuous  scurf.  Floviert  axillary,  in  leafy  spikes 
or  naked  panicles,  numerous,  small,  green.  —  Shrubs,  deciduous  or  sub- 
evergreen  i  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe ;  of  the  easiest  culture  in  any 
dry  soil,  and  readily  propagated  by  cutting 

>.  I.  C.  PKUTico^tJH  Schrad.    The  shrubby  Ooosefoot,  or  SUuKcrop  Tree, 
ilJDg  to  O.  Don  In  Hon.  Bm. 
iXta.   Sf.  PLttt.;  Ihe  ifanititv  Gluivort; 
»  Arbn.  Fr.  <  unucbvtlcei  Silikiuu.  Gtr, ; 


Eni.  Bo(.,  L  «S«.  I  Flor.  Griec,  t.  tW. : 

Spec.  Char.,  ^.  Shrubby,  upright,  ever- 
p^en.  Leaves  scoiicyhndrical,  bluntish, 
imbricate.  (Aoill.)  A  low,  sub-evergreen, 

tiaucous  ahrub.  South  of  Europe,  and 
Inglond,  on  the  sea  coast.  Height  3  ft. 
toift.  Flowers  greenish,  axillary  ;  July 
and  August. 

Not  unworthy  of  a  place  in  gardens  or 
shrubberies,  being  sub-evergreen  and  tolera- 
bly hardy,  remarkable  for  the  glaucous  hue  of 
the  leaves,  and  very  durable.  The  branches 
arc  very  brittle,  and  apt  to  break  off. 

»■  a.  C.  pabtifo'liiim  R.  ^  S.     The  smnll-leaved  Ooosefoot. 

lia^ifiatlim.    Rom.  et  Schnll.  BtM.  Veg,.  S.  p.  WS, 

Bmmjmymet.  C.  rnitkJuuni  Birb.  A  Fl.  Tdiir.-Cmf.  1.  p,  IS1.,  nduilvel^  of  ell  ttie  ITDODjinH  ;  C 
nld^hfllom  BM.  In  Sufft.  la  Ft,  Taw.-Cnc.  I.  p.  Sns.  i  Soliftlm  rrutkctH  Bici.  Catf.  f.  149 
App.Mo.SS..  7>>A/(.  S.  p.  Mt.  i  SiuUi<Iilcn;pfa$lliI>aU.IUH>.9.  t.  M. 

Emtratrnfl    PllL  III,  J.  t  «.  ;  aid  outA- HI8. 

Spec.  Char.,  4-c.  Imperfectly  evergreen,  frutescent.  much-branched,  spreading, 
glabrous,  about  8  ft.  high.    Leaves  taper,  oblong,  obtuse,  glnucescent,  fleshy  i 


67G  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITAKNICUH. 

the  lower  half  an  inch  long,  the  floral  onci  ahorter. 
Flowers  of  the  shape  of  those  of  C  marftimum, 
three  together,  attached  to  the  petiole  above  its 
base,  not  bracteated.  The  sepals  that  attend  the 
fruit  are  equal  niid  convex  at  the  back.  {Birb.)  A 
sub-evergreen  shrub,  frequent  in  plains  of  Eastern 
Caucaaua,  towards  the  Caspian  eea,  and  near  the 
salt  river  Gorkaja,  where  it  is  believed  to  be  dele- 
terious to  horsed.  Height  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1836, 
but  tecy  seldom  found  in  collections. 

Genus  II. 

□  □ 

^'TRIPLEX  L.     Thb  Orachb.     Lin.  Sytt.  Poiygitinia  Moiwecis. 


G«n..I4Vi  Bn|.  Flor.,  4.  p.  4M. 

^HWmr.  AiT«i*,  Jy.  1  Mthk.  Off.  I  AtrJpUn,; 
DerttaUtn.  Fran  aler.  bUck  i  Kcordliu  w  •■■■>  bi 
mHlr.hwgfUMiiluu. 

Gm,  Char.,  trc.  Fhmert  some  bisexual,  some  female;  those  of  both  kinda 
upon  one  plant. — Bitexvaljlower  vn\V^  the  calyx  inferior,  and  &  sepals.  Slatiiau 
A,  hypogynous.  Aniha-t  with  round  lobes.  —  Female ^mr  with  the  calyx 
inferior,  deeply  divided  into  two  huge,  flat,  equal  or  nearly  eqtiel,  lobes. 
Ovary  compressed.  Fniil  a  utricle,  invested  by  the  calyx,  which  is  now 
enlarged.  [G.  Don.) 

Leave!  iimplc,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate,  sub^evergreen  ;  undivided 
or  jagged,  bearing  a  meal-like  scurf.  FUnven  in  axillary  or  terminal  ^bes, 
numerous,  atnalt,  greenish.  —  Shrubs,  subevergreen,  natives  of  Europe,  with 
imperfectly  woody  branchen,  and  succulent  leaves,  white  or  |;laucous  from 
being  covered  witn  a  meaty  powder ;  of  easy  culture  and  propagation  in 
nny  common  garden  soil. 

■  ■  \.  A.  m'\x»vi  L.     The  Halimus  Orache,  or  Tree 
Purtlane. 
Idtatlficallat.    Lin.  Horl.  aiff.  « 


Spec.  Ctor..  ^c.  Stem  ilirubby.  Leaves 
oliernate  or  opposite,  their  figure 
partakiiu  of  an  oblong  and  a  rhomb, 
entire.  (WiUd.)  A  loose,  rambling. 
sub-eveivreen,  glaucous  shrub.  Spain, 
Portugal,  Virginia,  and  Siberia. 
Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in 
t64A.  Flowers  small,  purplish ;  July 
and  August. 

The   young   branches   are   covered 
i>i>.  A.Kiur-.^.     with  a  smooth  white  bark,  which  be- 
comes grey,  and  peels  off  lengthwise, 
as  the  tree  gets  old.      The  branches  are  very  brittle, 
and  have  but  little  pith.     The  leaves  are  soil,  white, 
and  iiilvery.     It  seldom  flowers  in  Britain. 

*~  2.  A.  />0RTui.ACdi^DBS  L.      Tlie  Pursbne-lile,  or 
limMy,  Orachp,  or  Sea  Ptirtlaiu. 

Unufflaitim.    tin.  Fl.  Sum.,  «m.  91*.  i  Bnf.  F)ot.,  t.  p.  «£, 


Lviii,  polygona'ceje.  677 

Smrnmrmn.  JHUnot  nedDdiu  Chu.  ilAf.  H.  C  i  H.mMtOtr.  F.mac.  fin.  t.i  au\muA  ttu 
iWuUu  Burtna  BamA.  Pin.  IK. ;  ^1r1p1«  irultinu,  Ullmui  a  i'onuUca  mulna  dim.  ui. 
«u>tll%U(,  BaU  ^nt.  1U,  I  Ih*  urraii-lHitcd  St*  Parilua  Tret. 

Xngramiilgl.    Bog.  Bol,  t.  ML.  j  mnil  onrj(f.  !Sa). 

spec.  Oiar.,  Spc.  Slem  shrubby,  spreading.  Leaves  op|>oijite,  o1)ovate-laii- 
ceolate,  entire.  Flowers  fiienernllf  unisexual;  those  of  both  sexes  upon 
one  plant.  (Smith.)  A  low  sul>-eTei^een  shrub,  of  a  silvery  glaucous  hue. 
Northern  Bhorea  of  Europe ;  and,  in  Britain  and  Ireland,  occasionally 
found  in  muddy  places  by  the  sea  side.  Height  1ft,  to  2  ft.  Floncn 
yellow ;  July  nnd  August. 
The  leave*  are  less  silvery  than  those  of  the  preceding  species;  and  the 

whole  plant  much  smaller. 

Genus  HI. 


□ 


DIO'TIS  SiArei.     Tub  Diotis.     Lin.  Si/il.   Monie' 

lieut/leatiim.     Lin.  Cen.  PI,,  Ed.  Behlrtn,  No.  U2).  i  Eni.  yiot.,  I.  p.  41 
Swmitiufma.    Ciir4Uitdca  TVwni. ;  A'ljrli  Lin.  g  Centoq^rmum  Pen. 
Arirition.     From  dli,  Iwl™,  isd  Imt,  dba.  u  mt.     Th«  aljx  of  the  fi 

Gfi.  Char.,  /^c.  Flouxri  unisexual. — MaleJIower  with  the  calyx  inferior, 
and  4  permanent  petals.  Slamefu  4,  inserted  at  the  bottom  of  the  calyx  ; 
owonte  to,  and  prominent  beyond,  the  sepals. —  Femak  Jlower  with  the 
calyx  inferior,  deeply  divided,  and  ending  in  two  horns,  permanent.  Fnil 
a  utricle,  villous  at  the  base. 

Lcatet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  lanceolate,  entire,  bearing 
hoary  pubescence,    Flaioert  in  axillary  groups,  in  leafy  spikes,  yellovHsh. — 
Shrub,  deciduous,  naCive  of  Siberia  and  Tartary,  of  easy  culture  in  any  dry 
Etnl ;  propagated  by  layers  or  cuttings  inserted 
in  the  soil,  and  covered  with  a  hand-glass. 

»  1.  D.  CEBATdrDES  W.     The  fwoJiorned* 
cah/xed  Diotis. 

.  wiiid.sp.  Fi.,t.p.aes. 

., — ..  ^ — ..,1_,  j^  ^  p,    jjgg  .  cmto. 
bliyriifhitlc^H,  flAribui  hml- 

4  M>pAu  Foftk.  Sacr.  48.  ;  KrAscbeal 
GlUdniK.  to  Act.  PMni|i,  IG.  p.  5tB.  L  17.  i  tM 
luHBollili,  ftnnlDlnti  1ilritalJi,AD|r.Lii(itft.S10.;  C 
orieotUii  Aiit<c«u  £lHi«Dl  IbUo  Tour*.  Car.  i%  ,    .     . 

EnffrapAVflt.   Acq.  Ic  Ku-.,  1- 1.  IBB. ;  ud  ova  Jig.  mh 

Spec.Chm^.,^.  See  Gen.  Char.  Alow  deciduous 
shrub,  with  recumbent  blanches.  Siberia  and 
Tariary.  Height  Sit.  Introduced  in  1T80. 
FloweTS  apetalous,  yellow,  sweet-scented; 
March  and  April. 


IS 


Order  LVIII.    POLYGONA'ClEiE. 

OsD.  Cham.     PeriantA   divided ;    sstivadon   imbricate.      Stammi   de6nite. 


stigmas  numerous.  FniU  naked  or  covered.  Albumen  mealy.— The  ej 
oTulum  and  superior  ra^cle  separate  this  order  from  PhyloUceo:  : 
ChenopddeK.  (G.  Don.) 


678  ARBORETUM    ET    FKUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  with  cohesive  stipules,  deciduous  or  Bub- 
evcrgreen  ;  when  young,  rolled  backwards.  Flowen  occasionally  unisexual, 
oflen  in  racemes. — Low  suffruticose  shrubs,  natives  of  the  Soutn  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  included  in  three  genera,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

Tragopt'rum  Bieb,     Calyx  5-sepaled.     Stamens  8.     Styles  3. 
ilTRAPHA^xis  L,     Calyx  5-8epaled.     Stamens  6.     S^les  bifid. 
Calli'gonum  L.    Calyx  5-parted.     Stamens  16.     Styles  3 — 4*,  united  at 
the  base. 

Genus  L 


□ 


TRAGOPY'RUM  Bieb,    The  (Joat-Whbat.     Uii.  Sytt.  Oct4ndria 

Trig^nia. 

Ment^fleaiitm.    Bleb.  Flor.  Taarioo-C«ucftt.,  S.  p.  8M. 

Jkfnongfme.    Polygonum  Lht.  Hort,  Ups.  95. 

Derivation.  7V«wo',  a  goat,  and  purtn^  wheat.  The  a-cornered  fmita  of  auch  of  the  Polygonicca 
ai  have  them  are  comparable,  with  some  allowance,  to  wheat ;  and  goats  may  feed  upon  those  of 
the  Tragop^rum,  or  upon  the  shrubs  themselves ;  or  it  may  be  that  the  name  has  been  InTonted 
an  one  readilv  distlnctiTe  fhmi  the  name  Fagop^rum,  now  the  name  of  a  genus  that  fnclodM  tho 
dlflterent  kinds  of  buck*  wheat 

Gen,  Char.,  ^c.  Calyx  inferior,  with  sepals  that  are  imbricate  in  sestivation, 
permanent ;  the  two  exterior  smaller,  the  three  interior  investing  the  fiuit, 
which  is  an  achenium,  that  is,  3-comered  in  a  transverse  section  of  it. 
Stamens  8.     Styles  3.  (6.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreen  ;  spathu- 
late.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.  -^Shrubs,  small,  sub-evergreen,  suffiii- 
tescent ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Ainerica;  propagated  by 
seeds  or  layers  in  dry  soil. 

The  species  are  extremely  interesting  and  beautiful  little  shrubs,  and  it  is 
much  to  DC  regretted  that  they  are  so  yerr  seldom  seen  in  collections.  Though 
they  require  heath  soil,  ancl  some  little  time  to  be  firmly  establbhed,  yet 
when  once  they  are  so,  firom  their  compact  neat  habit  of  growth,  very  little 
care  will  be  necessary  afterwards.  They  never  can  require  much  prunins ; 
arc  quite  hardy ;  and,  provided  the  soil  be  not  allowed  to  get  too  dry  in  tne 
heat  of  summer,  they  are  always  certain  of  flowering  freely.  ^ 

iUJc  l.T.  lancbolaVum  Bieb,     The  lanccolate-i!ratw</  Goat-Wheat. 

Idcm(fieait(m.    Bleb.  FL  Tanrlco-Cancas. 

Synonymet.    Polygonum  flnit^scens  WWd,  Sp.  PL  9l  p.  440. ;  straochartteer  KnSlerSg,  Ofr. 

Engrmktgi.    Omel.  Stb.,  3.  t.  13.  f.  S. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  t.  394. ;  and  our>i!g.  1S2S. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Stem  spreading  widely. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  tapered  to  both  ends, 
flat.  Ochrca  lanceolate,  shorter  thaix  the 
intemode.  The  2  exterior  sepals  refleXed, 
lind  the  3  interior  ones  obcordale. 
Flowers  octandrous,  trieynous.  A  low, 
branchy,  sub-evergreen  shrub.  Siberia  and 
Dahuria.  Height  1  ft.  to  2  ft.  Introd.  1770, 
but  rare  in  collections.  Flowers  whitish 
and  rose-coloured ;  July  and  August. 

Branches  twiggy*  Leaf  with  a  frosty  hue, 
spathulate-lanceolate,  nearly  1  in.  long,  se- 
veral times  longer  than  broad ;  its  edge  ob- 
scurely indented.  The  petiole  short.  The 
cnl3'xc8  arc  whitish,  variegated  with  rose 
colour,  and  persistent ;  and  of  the  5  sepals 
to  each  flower,  the  3  that  invest  the  ovary  ,3„   ^  unccdati 


LVIII.   polygona'cejG  :   ^I'RAPUA'XIS.  679 

after  the  flowering  become  more  entirely  roay.  The  pedicels,  erect  vhile 
beerine  the  fiower,  after  the  flowermg  become  ilcflezed,  and  render  the  fruit 
pendufoua.  The  plant  forma  a  hemispherical  bush  8  or  3  feet  high  ;  which, 
during  great  part  of  Jut;  and  Augutt,  U  covered  with  its  bcautUul  white 
flowers,  tinged  with  pink ;  and  forms  a  trul^  admirable  object.  It  thrires 
best  u)  pest  soil,  and  is  worthy  of  •  prominent  place  in  the  most  select 
collections  of  shrubs. 


But.  Mag.  I.  ices.  I    p. 
A^^rwAvfT  BM.  Mif  1  n(IG& !  indgdf  jh.  »». 
Spec.  Char,,   ^e.      Leaf  obovate,  obtuse,   tipped  with   a 
short  mucro  ;   the   lateral  margins  undulated  and  re- 
flexed,  glabrous.     Ochreas  with  S  awns.     A  decumbent  i 
shrub.      Siberia.      Stems  t  ft.     Introduced  in  ISOO. 
Flowers  white  ;  July.    Fruit  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  leares  are  of  a  light  green  colour,  rather  rounded 
in  outline,  about  1  in.  in  diameter,  and  deciduous.     The 
flowers  are  produced  in   long  racemes,  are  nodding  and 
white.    The  fruit  is  enclosed  by  the  3  inner  sepals,  which 
become,  as  the  fruit  ripens,  of  a  rosy  colour.  un.  T.tauaum 

J.  S.  T.  POi.r'oiMUii..^r.     The  polygamous-MxnJ  Ooat-Wheat. 
MbUMuMm.    Spmif.  BjtX.  V<g.,l.  p.  »1. 

SrnBi^ma.    FotfgoBmn  polfnaimi  yotl.  Criw.  t.  GS. ;  P.  pwilfMlum  trau.  Oem.  1.  p.  US. 
Sntratiagi.    Vtnt.  Celi.,  t.  m.i  uxloarjlf.  IIM. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  spatbulate-linear.      Ochreai  j 

lanceolate,  shoHer  then  tne  intemodes.     Flowers  in 

branched  racemes,  whose  rachiaes  are  thread-shaped. 

Styles  distinct.  {Spreng^  A  diminutive  upright  shrub. 

Carolina,  in  sandy  wastes.    Hdabt  6  in.  to  1ft. 

Introduced  in  1810.    Flowers  small,  greenish  white; 

July  and  August. 

T.  poljgMnum  i%>r.  differs  from  T.  lanceollUum 
Bieb.,  especiallv  in  the  following  points :  stem  very 
much  branched;  leaf  spathulate  ;  sexes  polygamous  ; 
sepals  expanded  during  the  flowering  ;  and  ochreas 
entire  at  the  top.  The  polygamous  condition  of  the 
sexes  consists  in  the  flowers  of  the  same  plant  being 
some  bisexual,  some  female.  In^.  1324.  a  is  a  stamen, 
b  the  pistil,  and  e  the  bisexual  flower. 

T.  maritima,  a  qwdea  from  North  America, 
to  the  Horticultural  Society  by  Mr.  Douglas,  in  1886. 


□ 


^TRAPHA'XIS  L.    Thb  Atraphaxis.    Lm.  S^l.  Heiindria  Ugjiua. 

linHfiattkm.    Schrrii.  LId.  On.,  No.  611.  i  W<Ud,  Ha.  PI.,  S.  p.  MS. 

EtWHSSHI.     A-alf\a  Ttmnt.  \  Striuclinifid',  Oar. 

Drritallim.  AccoTcUaB  id  lonia.  rrom  a  prliUJir,  ■nd  iTffK,  U  muriih  [  In  aUulOD  U  U>*  ftvll, 
Hhlch,  ihoogh  Intbnn  UkatliU  of  Um  buck.vhcu,  ]■  imllt  for  And  i  KcaidlDS  to  aUHn,  pan  W 
aJArooM  attxtm,  from  Itl  coBlilg  up  quJcklj  froEQ  Md,  Tit.  OD  tb*  dfbth  dlj. 

Gen.  Char.,  ^.     Calyx  inferior,  of  4  leaves,  ui  an  outer  smaller  pair,  and  an 


680 


ARBORETUM   £T  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


interior  pair,  the  latter  resembling  petals;  or  ^kparted,  with  the  lobes 
equal.  Stamens  6,  Stigmas  2,  in  one  species  ;  style  bifid,  in  the  other. 
FruU  compressed,  in  one  species  ;  roundish,  in  the  other.  (O.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  sub-evergreen  ;  smflll,  more  or  less 
ovate.  Flowers  terminal,  white,  tinired  with  pink.  —  Shrubs,  spinose,  low, 
decumbent ;  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe.  Culture  as  in  Tragopyruro. 

m  \,  A,  SPINOZA  L,    The  s^me^antAed  Atraphaxis. 

IdentUkatkm.    Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.,  188. ;  Wllld.  8p.  Fl.,  S.  p.  M8. 
Sgnonifme,     iltrlplex  orientiUt,  friktez  aculedtut,  86re  pAldiro,  Tmam. 

Cor.iSi, 
Engravingt.    Dead.  Brit.,  1. 119.  s  uaA  oar  Jig.  1826. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Spinose,  with  the  branches  ascending, 
horizontal,  or  dd^exed.  Leaves  glaucous,  i  in.  long, 
or  less  :  disk  ovate,  acute,  petiole  short.  Calyx  of  4 
leaves.  (WiUdi)  A  low  subnevergreen  shrub.  Borders  of 
the  Caspian  Sea  and  the  Levant.  Hdght  8  ft.  to  3  ft. 
Introd.  1732.  Flowers  white,  tinged  with  pink; 
August.     Seeds  brown,  occasionally  ripened. 

It  thrives  best  in  sandy  peat,  and  is  propagated 
by  layers.  So  elegant  and  rare  a  plant  deserves 
a  place  in  every  choice  collection. 

•tt  2.  A.  UNDULA^TA  L.    The  waved-Z^aivc/ 

Atraphaxis. 

UaniifleMthn.   Lfn.  Hort.  Cliff.,  187. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.,  S.  p.  M9. 
Bmgra9iHg9.    Dill.  Elth.,  t.  89.  C  86. ;  and  oarjig.\9K. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Less  rigid  than  A.  spinosa,  and  not  spiny.  Leaves 
ovate,  waved  at  the  edm,  and  of  a  greener  hue.  Calyx  4t-parted, 
lobes  equal,  ovate,  andconcave.     Stamens  lanceolate.    Style  bifid. 

Fruit   roundish.  (JViUd.)      Alow  shrub.     Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Height  6  in.  to  1  n.   Introd.  1732,  rare.  Flowers  whitish;  June  and  July. 

Genus  III, 


ISSA.    it.^pln&Mt. 


13K. 


CALLrGONUM  L.    The  Calligonum.    Lin,  Stfst,  Dodec&ndria  Tetra- 

g^nia. 

Identifieaiion,    Lin.  Gen.,  680. ;  WUld.  Sp.  Fl.,  8.  p.  996. 
SMumynwff.    PallUAi  L.,  Pteroc6ocus  PaiL 

Derhatioti,    KoUm,  beauty,  gomh  *  ^dm  ;  in  dMcrlpClon  of  the  neat  and  Jointed  diaraeter  of  the 
branches. 

Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Cahfx  inferior,  persistent,  turbinate  in  the  lower  part,  ending 
upwards  in  a  5-parted  spreading  border ;  the  two  outer  lobes  ratner  smaller. 
Stamens  about  16  ;  the  filaments  slightly  united  at  the  base,  and  then 
diverging.  i^nM^rf  peltate.  Germen  4-sided,  acuminate.  Styles  4  or  3. 
Stigmas  capitate.  Jn^  an  adienium,  that  has  4  sides  and  4  wings,  ((r. 
Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  :  caducous,  minute. 
Shoots  rush-like,  smooth,  green.  Jnowers  in  groups,  whitish. — Shrub  erect, 
evergreen  from  the  colour  of  the  shoots  -,  natives  of  Siberia.    Layers. 

A  1.  C.  Palla'sIA  L*H^t.    Pallas's  Calligonum. 

Identifieatiom.    L*H«rit.  Stira.,  2.  p.  37. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI., «.  p.  987. 

Samomymu.    Pten>c6ccus  aphfUus  Ptdl.  Foy.  2.  p.  788.  t.  8. ;  Calligonum  Mlygon^dee  Pail.  Him. 
'9.  p.  686. ;  PallAt/a  cispica  f.im.  JU.  SmppL  852.  Swigmi  In  EitcgeL  \  Pafiisiki  Pteroodoctts  PaU. 


Fi.  iZoM.  9 
Sngra9ing$ 


\  raiiatfa  caspica  ^m.  ju.  suppi.  va.  sa»igmi 

9.  p.  70.  t.  77, 78. ;  Cae^cher  Hackenknopi,  Oer. 

.    Pall.  Fl.  Rom.,  9.  t. 77, 78. ;  and  our;^.  1987.  and  1988. 


Spec.  Char,,  ^c.    Fruit  winged;   wings  membranous,  curled,  and  toothed. 


UX.    JlAURA^CE^:    LAU'RUB. 

( L'Herii.)  A  low  shrub,  evergreen  Troin  the  colour  of  its 
shoots.  Banks  of  the  Caipian  Ses,  and  on  grsTclIf  hills 
near  the  Wolge,  at  Astracan.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introd, 
17B0.  Flowers  whitish  ;  May. 
Fruit  crimson;  July;  succu- 
lent, add,  and  eatable. 
A  Tcry  curious  plant,  well  de- 
Msving  Uie  attention  of  collectors 
of  botanical  rarities.  Tfaou^long 
rioce  introduced,  it  is  now  lost  to 
British  gardens. 


Oboer  LIX.    LAVnA'CEJE. 

OSD.  Chax,  PeritmlM  4 — 6-cIeft  ;  aestivation  imbricate.  Slamau  definite, 
pengynoiu ;  opposite  the  segments,  but  often  double  their  number,  in  two 
sencB.  AiUAcri  adnate,  S — 4'Celied.  Ovarium  free,  I-aeeded.  Sfyle  and 
Sti^na  wmple.     Fruil  a  berry  or  drupe.     AUnimen  none.  ^G.  Dor.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  seldom  opposite  evergreen  or 
deciduous  ;  entire,  or  very  rarely  lobed.  Infloreicenrx  panicled  or  umbeted. — 
Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous  or  evemeen  ;  natives  of  Asia  end  North  America, 
and  one  of  them  of  the  South  of  Europe.     Propagated  by  seeds  or  layt-Ts. 

Genus  I. 


\*\'M 


^EL&j 


Gen.  C^ar.,  ^c,  Sexti  polygamous  or  ditecious.  Cali/x  with  6  sepals. 
Slametu  9  ;  0  exterior,  3  interior,  and  each  of  them  havmf  a  pair  of  gland- 
like bodies  attached  to  its  base.  These  last  have  been  deemed  imperfect 
stamens.  Jnlhert  adnate ;  of  2  cells  in  most  of  tbe  species,  of  4  unequal 
ones  in  tbe  others ;  each  cell  is  dosed  by  a  vertical  valve  that  opens 
elastically,  and  often  carries  up  the  pollen  in  a  mass.  Fnat  a  carpel,  pulpy 
externally  and  includii^  one  seed.  Ctifyfnfeni  eccentrically  peltate.  (WiUd.) 
Leavtt  simple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire  or 
lobed.  Flouiert  in  small  conglomerate  umbels  or  bracteate  racemes. — 
Shrubaor  low  trees,  dedduoui  or  evergeen  j  natives  of  the  South  of  Europe, 
North  of  Africa,  and  America.     Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers. 


A.  Leavet  evergnai. 

a 

1 1 1. 

L.  no'bilis  L.    The  noble  Laurel,  < 

or  Sutet  Bay. 

Uarin  true.  Luirler  d-Amlkn,  Uiirlcr  i  Sauce.  Pr. ;  Rin^  I 
fiWTAto^.    Flor.  QrlK^  t.  SSS. ;  Um  pIsU  In  Arb.  Brit..  Tu  adit.,  i 

I.  Pirn.  W). :  Luirid 
AbMT.  Otr  1  AlloP 

°i»S9.' 

^HT.     Char. 

,Src. 

Leuvi 

68S  ARBORETUM   ET   FHUTICETUH   BRITANNICUH. 

Linceolate,  veiny.  (WUld.)    An  evergreen  low  tree  or  Urge  Bfarub.    Ilalj. 
Greece,  and  Nonh  of  Afnca.  Hei^t  30  ft.  to60ft.  Intnxniced  in  1568,  or 
before.  Flowers  white  or  yellow  j  April  and  May.  Berry  very  darii  puqje ; 
ripe  in  October. 
yarietia. 

«  L.  n.  2  undtiMia  MilL — A  low  Bhrub,  seldom  growing  higher  than  4  or 
6  feet,  with  leaves  waved  on  the  edges,  which  ia  stated  in  the  Ifouveaa 
Du  Hamtl  to  be  hardier  than  the  spedes, 

■  L.  n.  3  aa&cij^ia  Swt.    L.  n.  angustifblia  Lodd.  CaL—h.  shrub,  ratho- 

higher  than  the  preceding  variety,  with  long  narrow  leaves,  not  to 
thick  Bs  those  of  the  speaes,  and  of  a  lighter  green. 

■  L.  ft.  4  varie^ita  8irt.    L.  n.  fol.  var.  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves  variegated. 
«  L.  n.  S   lattf&Sa   Mill.  —  Leaves  much   broader  and  smoother  than 

those  of  tne  aoedes.    This  is  the  broad-leaved  bay  of  Am,  Spani, 
and  Italy,  and  it  is  generally  considered  as  too  tender  for  the  open 


■  L.  n.  6  crifpa  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves  somewhat  curied. 
a  L.  n.  7 /lore  pUno  N.  Du  Ham.  —  Flowers  double. 
An  evergreen  tree,  or  rather  enonnous  shrub,  sometimes  growing  tc 
height  of  60ft.,  but  always  displaying^a  tendency  to  throw  up  suckers;  and 
'  ■         -       -       ■         -    _  ipjief  ,    ,  .  , 


texture  i  tbeyliave  an  agreeable  smdl,  and  an  aiamalic  subacrid,  slightly  bit- 


t.  The  plant  requires  b  good  free  stnl,  and  it  will  not  thrive  in  the 
open  air,  in  a  climate  much  colder  than  that  of  the  environs  of  Ixindon.  It 
is  generally  propagated  by  layers ;  but,  as  the  berries  are  ripened  in  the  South 
of  England,  and  can  be  had  in  abundance  from  France,  the  spedea  is  very 


Lix.  iAURA~cE«:  Xau'rus.  eei 

generally  increoted  from  seeds,  and  the  varietiet  only  rased  from  layers  o 
cuttings. 

t  fi,  L.  ctROLiNB'NSis  Caieib.     The  Caiolina  Laurel,  or  Red  Bat/. 

Idaul/lcaliim.    C«Utb,  Cur.,  1.  p. «.  1  Furih  Smt.,  1, 

Sgnatgmil.    L.  BaTbtnia  Lin.  Sp.  t^.,  StiI.  383. :  I. 
4,  k-  00-1  Finet  BoTbba'a  Sprmg-  t  tn«  broad^lH 

Enfrarmgi.  Cmlnb,  Cir..  I,  Ea,  ;  Mlchit.  N.  Amer.  Sri.,  4.  t.  St.  i  K.  Du'lUni.,1.  (.11,;  ind 
ouFjl^.  lao.  artor  Btkbaax,  vrdjtg-  mi.  ■fter  Du  Hunel- 

^e.  Char.,  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leaves  oval,  lanceolate,  slightly  glaucous  be- 
neath. Flowers  in  peduncled  anillary  groups,  (^mu;,)  An  ev^ereen 
trce,in  England  a  somewhat  tender  shrub,  Virginia  to  Louiwuta.  H^ht 
GO  ft.  to  70  ft.  in  America;  £ft.  to  10  ft.  in  England.  Introduced  in  1739. 
Rowers  whitish  ;  May. 


¥aTk6et. 

X  L.  o.  S  glabra  Pnrsh,  —  Leaves  slightly  etabrous. 
t   L.  c.  3  puhhctTU  Pursh.  —  Leaves  slightly  pubescent. 
I  L.  c.  4  obliaa  Pursh.  —  Leaves  ovale^btuse. 
Only  suitable  Tor  warm  or  sheltered  situations,  or  (at  bdng  placed  against  n 


t  3.  /.,  CKT^s'alifsA  Michx.     Catesby's  Laurel,  or  Red  £ 
UnHfieaUoti.     Mlchx.  FI.  Bor.  Aniet,.  I,  p.  M4. ;  Spnnf.  SjR.. ».  p.  «U.  i  Piu 

^■MMKt!''  L.  intMlli  Cta.  Sftt.  MS. :  L.  atnU  Mill, 
aa.  Nd.  S.  I  /..  BuDuniu  ntliUU  Kt^.  Cch.  1.  p.  MS.  { 


^Kc.  Char.,  Sfc.     Evi 

lanceolate,  glossy. 

panicle.     Fruit  ova 

evergreen  shrub,     S 

Carolina.    Height  5  ft.  to  10  fL     iDtroduced 

in   1820.      Flowers   white  i    May.      Berries 

black,  based  by  ted  calyxes,  on   thick  red 

peduncles ;  never  seen  in  England. 

We  are  uncertain  as  to  the  hardiness  of  this 
species,  not  having  seen  living  plants,  except 
in  the  grccn-hoiiBC  of  the  Jardio  des  Plantes. 

B   Leaea  deciduoat. 
I  +.  L,  Sa'ssafsas  L     The  Sassafras  Laurel,  or  Satti^iu  Tree. 
ucHii/icaiMt.   Ud.  Hon.  ciiE.m.i  waM.Gp,  pi.,t.  p.ist.j  purih  S(pt,,  i.p.  ht- 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    URITANNICUM. 


1,  Ft.;  buHTru  LortMcr,  ( 


Spfc.  Char.,  ^e.     Seies  dicEdoua.     Artioresceiit.     Leaves  and  flowen  pnv 
duced  trom  the  same  buds.    Buda,  younger  branches,  and  the  under  inrface 
of  the  leKTet,  pubescent.     Leaves  entire,  or  with  i-~S  lobes.     Veins  pro- 
minent on  the  under  side.     Flowers  in  corymbose  conglomerate  raceotes. 
Anthers  with  4unequa1  celts.  In  the  female  flower,  additionally  to  the  pistil, 
are  6  gland-like  bodies,  like  those  in  the  male  tlowera.  (Nutii)     A  deddu- 
OUB  tree.     South  Carolina,     Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.     Introduced  in   1633. 
Ftowen   greenish   yellow,   slight,  odoriferous  i  April   and  May.     Berries 
bright  deep  blue,  contained  in  small  da^  red  cups ;  ripe  in  September. 
The  tassarrai  tree  often  grows,  even  in  England,  to  the  same  height  as  in 
America.     The  leaves,  which  vary  very  much  in  size  and  shape,  ore  covered, 
when  they  first  appear,  with  a  soft  woolly  down;  they  are  geiterally  deeply 
lobed,  oD  long  foot^alks,  and  of  a  pale  green  ;  they  bU  off  early  in  autumn  c^ 


an  intense  red  and  yellow.  Any  free  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry,  will  suit  thi« 
species,  which  is  generally  propagated  from  imported  seeds.  These  ^kmiM  be 
sown,  or  put  in  a  rot^heap,  as  soon  aa  received,  as  they  remain  a  year,  and 
sometimes  two  or  three  ^eors,  in  the  ground,  before  they  come  up.  It  may 
also  be  propagoted  by  cuttings  of  the  roots,  or  by  suckers,  which  the  roots  of 


LIX.    iAURACE^r    Lau'hI 


o  insure  fine  foliage,  it  should  be  planted  against  &  wall. 

I  S.  L.  Behzo'in  L.    The  Benzoin  Laurel,  or  Benjamm  7Vw. 

IM.;  WllW,  Sp;Pl.,aji-«-Vi  Punli.  l.p.  Hfl. 


Amomrma-    Ai-^-  .-_— ^_, ._ _. 

t.  «^{  Imdrui  KiUiilii  ffniv*.  Jmcr.  N.  i  /..  I^ilihAnurfAt  Utcll. 


Sptcs  Wood.  HI  wild  Allipiu,  Amir.,  iccordlic  lo  NutUll ;  iMlrter  luui  Dnmnn, 
E^rawHtii.    Cnuta.  Hon.,  1. 1. 3T.  1  Fluk.  Aim.,  t.  139.  r.  M.  i  imd  oiirAf.  IBM 
^pec.  Ciar.,  ^c.      Leases  cuneate^bovale, 

entire,  the  under  side  wfaitiah  and  partly 

pubescent,  deciduous.    Sexes  poIygMnous. 

Flowers  in  umbcU.     Buds  and  pedicels 

of  the  umbels  glabrous.     Leaves  without 

Derres,  orate,  acute  St  both  ends.  (Wilid.) 

A  deciduous  shrub.      Virginia.      Height 

10  ft.  to  1 S  ft.  Introduced  in  1688.  Flow- 
era  yellowish  green;    March  and  April. 

B«rnes  scarlet  i  seldom  or  never  seen  on  I 

the  plants  in  England.  I 

In  British  gardens,  it  forms  a  rather  ' 
tender  peat-earth  shrubh  handsome  from  its 
large  leaves,  but  seldom  thriving,  except 
where  the  soil  is  kept  moist  and  the  sitiia- 
tioD  sheltered.  It  is  propagated  from  im- 
ported seeds,  which  reauire  to  be  treated 
lilie  those  of  Xaurus  Sitiafiat  ;  by  layers  j 
or,  with  difficulty,  by  cuttings.  lut.  l.  ikmi, 


M  6-  !>-  {B.)  Siospt'bus  Fen.  The  IMo*pyruB-£ir  Laurel,  or  Bay. 

ipjT^ldcf  iUda,  Fl  Bar^  At 


Jimtlpaakm.    fat.  Bjn.,  l.p.  UO. ;  Funh  Evpl.,  I.  p.  ITS 


t.  Mug.,  t.  1470.  \  ppd  tflujig.  lja&, 

Sprc.  Char.,  ifc.  Habit  low,  aurculose,  twiggy. 
Leaves  oblong^ral,  and  entire,  the  under  udc 
vdny  and  pi3>escent,  deciduous.  Flower  buds 
and  pedicels  villous.  Sexes  diiEcioua.  {ifuil.')  A 
running,  twiggy,  deciduous  shrub.  Virginia  and 
Carolina,  in  swamps.  Hei^t  2  ft.  to  3  (L  Intro- 
duced in  1810.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  April.  . 
Berries  scarlet  or  purple  ;  rarely  seen  in  England.  J 
Leaves  opaque,  oblongoval,  attenuated  towards  ^ 

the  base,  entire,  the  under  side  veiny  and  pubescent, 

deciduous.      Scales   of   the    buds    purple,   villous. 

Younger  branches  villous.     This  species  so  closely 

resembles  L.  Beradm,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our 

mind  that  it  is  only  a  variety  of  it,  uu   t  (H  ng^jn 

a,7.L.  obnicula'ta  Mdx.    Theknee-tiexed-iranaM  LaureI,or  J 


Emtrmltiti.    Bal.lbc.,t.  I4T1.;  udourjV.  ins. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  divaricate  and  flexuous.  Leaves  cuiicaCc-oblone, 
mostly  obtuse,  about  I J  in.  long,  in  many  instances  less  than  half  nn  inch 
wide,  entire,  glabrous,  except  upon  the  under  side  near  the  base.     Flowers 


696  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRtTAMNICUH. 

ID  terminal  small  umbeli,  that  are  upon 
conspicuous  footstalks  and  smooth.  An- 
thers unequally  4~celled.  Sexes  polyga- 
mous. (Null.)  A  deciduous,  shrub,  with 
the  branches  flexuous,  grey,  smooth,  and 
80  remarkably  difaric^edas  to  give  a  cha- 
ractcriatic  appearance  to  the  ponds  which 
they  border.  Virginia  to  Flonda,  in  sandy 
awamps,  and  on  the  margins  of  lagoons. 
Height  8  a.  to  18  ft.  Introduced  in  17QB. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May.  Berries 
globose,  scarlet ;  rarely  seen  in  England.  ,gM.  l.  i_mi 


Order  LX.     rHYMELA*CE.ai 

Orb,  Cbab.  Perianth  tubular,  coloured,  4~-^cleft,  often  fumiabed  with  scales 
in  the  throat  Siament  usually  8,  sometimes  4,  rarely  S,  inserted  in  the  throat 
of  the  perianth.  Ovarhan  superior,  1-seeded.  SUgtaa  undivided.  Prmt 
nucameotaceous  or  drupaceous.  AUntmen  thin,  fleshy,  or  none.  {G.  Den.') 
Leava  dmple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen  ;  entire, 
coriaceous.  Flowert  terminal  or  axillary,  showy,  fragrant. — Shrubs  or  sub- 
shrubs  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America;  propagated  by  seeds,  layen^ 
or  grnftiug.     The  genera  are  two,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished:  — 

UA'paNB  L.     Calyx  4-parted.    Stisma  capitate.     Fruit  pulpy. 

Di'rca  L.    Calyx  4-toothed.    Sogma  pobtcd.    Fruit  dry. 


mum 

Thb  Daphnk.    Im.  &/a.  OcA 

.  I  Bit,  Flan,  1.  p.  ns. 

n.  Alt.  t.  WX.,  Om-ht.  t.  N.|    Jttfik 

lunlTlnto  which  It  It  llibkd  ihu  Dtphi . 
l<illiaiknibiA0*EMlMMpbT<*,1tUu>t«u)toi«."  lIiMI.  flat.  Itfs, 
n  B«*'i  (^e/omtiUa,  undar  IMtiai,  UiU  L  ofiMUi  ''ti  coulaly  l£* 
mndaoMtiinilT  Ihadurialhuid.    It  l>  MDI  oHhI  t*  Of  i^  ama 


AATBNB  L.    Thb  Daphnb.    Lin.  ^it.  Ocdadria  Honog^i 

Oailificathti.    LliLOai,.  1»1.1  Bit,  FlormLiLnS. 

SrmmpiKi.    rfairiMhi'a  nm.  Am.  t.  sgs..  amria.  t.  n.i  Tta^nr, 


Bcfii^at  DliartdM,. 

umt  tbe  noden  On«ki  i 


Gen.  Char.  Calt/x  inferior,  somewhat  saUer-shaped  ;  in  most,  of  some  other 
colour  than  that  of  the  leaves,  and,  ftom  its  shape  and  colour,  resembling  m 
corolla;  s^ments  of  its  limb  4,  de^,  ovate,  or  oblong,  imbricate  in  estiva- 
tion. Stament  8,  in  two  rows ;  the  filaments  with  but  a  short  part  distinct 
from  the  tube  of  the  calyx ;  the  anthers  not  prominent  beyond  it.  Ovary 
solitary.  Slyie  very  short.  Sligma  capitate.  Fnal  an  ovate  carpel,  pulpy 
externally.    Sted  1.    (m/ld.) 

Leavei  simple,  in  most  alternate;  if  not  alternate,  opposite,  exsdpulat^ 
deciduous  ;  entire.  Ftowen  terminal  or  axillary,  mostly  in  groups,  highly 
fragranL — Undershrubs,  evergreen  and  deciduous  ;  native*  chiefly  of  Europe, 
but  partly  also  of  the  cooler  parts  of  Asia,  including  Japan  and  China. 
The  odour  of  some  of  the  species  is  very  Bgree^le.  They  arc  all  beautiful, 
and  rather  difficult  to  propngnte,  except  by  seeds,  or  grafting  on  D.  Laurtela 
They  thrive  beat  in  heath  soil. 


LX.    rBTHELA'^CES :    Da'pHNE.  68' 

A.  Leaoet  deaduoui. 

The  Uezereon  D^hne,  or  eonaaon  Mettreon. 

u  I  Flowo-Ing  Snun,  ParUwoH  i  Dwul 
-  iM  toO.  A-.i  imidnar  SH---" — 
.BIoHWKCt-  - 


Berries  red ; 


^xc.  Char.,  ^c.  LeavcB  lanceolate,  deciduous.  Flovera  distributed  c  .. 
the  branches  in  threes  mostly,  and  m  pairs  and  fours,  expanded  before  the 
leaves  are  protruded.  (  WiildS)  A  low,  faGtigiale,  deciduous  shrub.  North  of 
Europe,  in  woods ;  and  in  the  South  and  West  of  England,  but  rare.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4ft,  Flowers  red  j  Pebruary,  March,  or  A^.  ■•>— :~  ~j  .  -«- 
in  Aiiguit  or  September. 
Varietiei. 

^  D.  M.2Jldrc  a&o. — Flowers  whhe,  and  fiiiit  jellov 
.■  D.   M.   3   aulutiiadle.  —  Habit  spreading  j 
also  vrith  lai'ger  leaves  than  the  species, 
and  produdng  its  flowers  in  autumn.     A 
most   dedrable   shrub,   being   commonl; 
covered  with   its  rot  pinkiih   blossoms 
from  Vovmber  to  March. 
The  whole  shrub  is  poisonous  to  human  bdngs, 
though  the  berriea  are  bvourite  food  for  flnches 
and   other   birds,   more  eipeciallj   the  robin.     It 
is    of  easy    culture,    and    generally    propagated 
by  seeds)  which,    if  suffered  to  get  dij  before 
[hej-  are  sown,    will  remain  two  years  in    tire 
soil ;  but  which,  if  sown  in  autumn  immediatelj  : 
after  gathering  iitem,  senerBlty  come  up  the  fot 
loitins  spring.      The  best  tinic  for  transplanting 
this  shrub  is  m  October,  as  it  begins  to  vegetate  I 
very  soon  after  Christmas.     It  thrives  most  in  a 
loamy  soil,  and  in  an   open  situation  ;  and,  when 
it  is  properly  Created,  and  has  room,  it  will  in  8 
or  lOyears  form  a  bush  5  or  6  feet  high,  and  7  or  6 
feet  in  diameter-     Hie  white  variety  is  commonly 
selected  from  sccdlinrs,  after  they 
flower  i  or  the  seeds  now  w 
fouotl  to  come 


II  white-nowcred  plants  ai 


«  2.  D,  alta'ici  Paa.    The  Altmc  Dt^hi 


DuhDf  alulqw, 


la  I'lrurii,  fr 
JC.  Mtt^  t^STI 


^>ee.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate-Ianceolate, 
glabrous.  Flowers  sessile,  in  terminal  umbels, 
about  5  in  an  umbeL  BarL  reddish  brown 
in  colour.  Leaves  oblong,  broader  towards 
the  upper  extremity,  ana  narrowed  down- 
wards, of  a  somewhat  glaucous  and  yellowish 
green,  the  latter  colour  prevtuline  most  while 
they  are  young.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  revolule. 
(Snu.)  A  low  deciduous  shrub.  Altaic  Alps, 
in  Siberia.  Height  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced 
in  1796.  Flowers  white,  scentless  ;  April  and 
Hay.    Berries  red  ;  ripe  in  September. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FItUTICETUM    BHITANHICUM 


J-  3.  D.  alpi'na  L.     The  Alpine  Daphi 

.    LLn.  Sp^SIO^  aTR..>TI.-.WUId.  Sp.  Pl.,lp.  418. 
„._.,...__.     Thr  Al^ui  Cbmuaa  IbruL  Fbnil.  S.  p.  Ill  ;  Ita^Di 

<)«  Alpn,  fr.  i  Aipei  SckMbul.  Orr. ;  Oltiella,  An/. 
Btltrarfrntl.    Bat.  Ciii..t.  fiG.;  ulDUrJ^.  im. 

i^c  CAor.,  ^c  Leavei  ItnceoUte,  a  little  obtuse, 
tomentoie  beneath,  deciduous.  Flowers  sessile, 
aggregate.  (FTiAlif.)  A  low,  branchj,  dKiduoiu  sfinib. 
Alps  of  Switzerhuid,  Gknera,  Italy,  and  Austria. 
Height  e  ft.  Introduced  io  1759.  Flowers  white, 
very  fr^rant  ;  Hay  to  July.  Berries  red ;  ripe  in 
September. 
Quite  hardy,  and  very  suitable  Tor  rockwork ;  as  the 

root!  ftx  thenuelvea  deeply  into  the  crevicea  of  the 

B.  Erect.    Leaott  permient.     Flowert  lateral. 


1.   Sp.  Fl..   tlO.;   WUId.   Sp,    n..  1   p 

.    D^nSlda  Ttmni.  nl  Llurdgli,  0«lt.  tkK.  I.  ),  1.  S.  1.9.  I  LurCoU  Au  As.ttE., 

' ""   -  Tbjmmlmt  Ltiutati  Sang.  C*nt.  t.  n.  4ES.  ;  tbt  ritrgmn  Du>h»  g  ZuaMt 
»  AIl«Ub.  H-.  I  liiinier(ifiDS  SeMsltKM.  Ccr.  (  Cavglo  dl  Lnpo,  Ilal. 
Bol.,  t.  Iia.  ;  Juq.  AuitT^  I.  181. 1  (nd  omjlt,  1.140. 

J^vr.  Chttr.,  ^e.  Evergreen.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  smooth.  Flowers 
in  axillary,  simple,  drooping  clusters,  that  are  shorter  than  the  leaves :  flowen 
in  each  about  5.  Cal^  obtuse.  (SmilA.)  A  low,  bushy,  evergreen  shrub. 
Brit^D,  and  most  other  parts  of  Europe,  in  woods.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft. 
Flowen  yellowish  ^reen;  January  to  Ahrch.  Berries  ond,  green  first, 
cbanpng  to  black ;  npe  in  September. 
Though  not  showy  in  its  flowers,  it  is  s  valuable  plant  for  a  shrubbery,  froni 

itsbeine  evergreen,  and  from  its  thick,  glossy,  shining  leaves.     It  thrives  best 

in  the  shade,  and  will  flourish  in  situation*  under  the  drip  of  trees,  where  few 

other  plants  would  grow.     If  exposed  to  the 

Bun,  the  leaves  turn  tuick  with  a  kind  of  twist; 

and,  instead  of  their  natural  pure  deep  green, 

they  assume  a  brownish  tinge.     The  bcoriea  arc 

a  nvourite  food  of  singing-birds :    though,  as 

DeCandolle   observes   in   the  Flore  F^rMpaite, 

tliey  are  poisonous  to  all  other  eminals.     The  f 

spurge  laurel   is   propagated  by  seeds,  like  the 

mezereoD ;  but,  as  tbey  will  remain  two  years  in 

the  ground  before  they  VMetate,  they  are  gene- 
rally treated  like  haws,  and  kept  for   ■"- 


ally  treated  like  haws,  and  keot  for  some  time 
n  the  roldng-heap.    It  may  also  be  propagated 


by  cuttings ;  but  not  readily.    It  is  much  used  ir 

nurseries,  as  a  stock  on  which  to  graft  the  more 

tender  species  of  the  genu.i;  but  as,  like  all  the  other  daphnes,  it  hat  few 

roots,  it  requires  to  be  tranaphuited  with  care. 

«  5.  D.  fo'ntica  L,    The  Pontic  Daphne,  or  Imn-JioweTed  Spurge  Laurel. 

•■    B^Pl.sr —   - 


Fr.  T  PontlKliat  Sckk.. 
Cilfrsv&v>.  Bol.  Huf- 
Spe,      - 


>.  /lAi.  1 


;  Lurfola  da  LcTut, 


CAar.,  ifc.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  glabrous.  Flowers  bractless, 
glabrous,  in  many-flowered  upright  clusters,  each  of  the  long  partial  stalks 
of  which  bears  two  flowers.  Lobes  of  the  calyx  lanceolate,  long.  (Spmg.) 
A  low,  spreading,  branchy,  evergreen  shrub.  Asia  MiDor.  Height  4  ft.  to 
5  ft.    Introd.  1759.     Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  April  and  May.  Berries 't 


LX.    rHYMELA^CE*  :    Da'PHVE. 

FmeSci. 

•  D.  p.  8  rihra  Hart.  —  Flowers  red.     Supposed  to  be  a  hjbru 
rather  more  tender  than  the  spedes, 

■  D.  p.  SfiHu  variegatii  Lodd.  CaL  1836.  —  Leavei  TBiiegated. 
The  whole  pUnt,  in  genera!  appearance,  elronglj' 
resemblci  the  common  spurge  laurel :  but  the 
leaves  are  more  oval,  and  shorter;  and  the  flow- 
ers, which  are  disposed  in  twos  instead  of  fires, 
are  jelkiwer,  and  of  a  sweeter  scent.  The 
leaves  somewhat  resemble  those  of  the  lemon 
tree,  espedally  in  colour ;  whence  Toumefbrc'g 
tiivial  name.  When  bruised,  they  unell  like 
those  of  the  elder.  It  thKves  best  in  soil  similar 
to  that  UBuslW  prq>ared  for  American  plants,  on 
the  (bad;  side  of  a  waU,  or  ui  some  other  shel- 
tered situation. 


Spec.  Char.,  cf^.  Evergreen.  Stem  much  branched.  Branches 
simple,  waited.  Leaves  lanceolate,  broader  towards  the  tip, 
crowded,  glaucous.  Flowers  aiillary,  sessile.  {Vahl.)  A  low, 
much-branched,  evergreen  shrub,  ^ain,  and  in  the  neighbour* 
hood  of  MontpeUer.  Height  3  ft.  Introduced  in  IBl.lj  but 
rare  in  collections.  Flowers  yellowish  green  ;  Februnry  In  April. 
Berries  small,  yellowish  -,  ripe  in  August, 
The  plant  requbes  a  situatioD  warm  and  dry ;  and  to  be  gcovin 

in  sandy  peat,  kept  in  an  equable  degree  of  moisture. 

■■  7.  D.  T^aTOS-aAfSA  L.     The  Tarton-raira,  or  liivery^eaved.  Daphne. 

Urmlt/laiaiin.    Lin,  Sp.,  AID. ;  WlUd.  Sp.  PL,  t.  p.  <]T. 

llbni  BamA.  F}m.4et.;  TartDn.Batn  Gallo^FO'iniilB  Honqitll. 
mulvm  Lit.  It.ril.;  S*n4m£adi  irtoitiu  Utimia  Aut.  7c. 

I.«irMe  hlJUKb*.  Fr. ;  SIKwrbUllrlsn'  SeMtlbul,  Crr.  ' 

Eagrawititl.    Ft.  Grsis.  [,  IM.  (  uit  ouc^.  IMS. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  persistent,  obovate,  nerved, 

silky,  hoary.     Flowers  sessile,  lateral,  aggregate, 

imtiricated  with  scales  at  the  base.  ( Vaki  Symb.) 

A    btanching    low    evergreen   shrub.     South  of 

^      France.   Height  2ft.  to  Sit    Introduced  in  1739. 

Flowers  sma^fellowish  ;  May  to  July. 

Remarkable  for  the  smallness  and  silki- 

ness  of  its  leaves,  and  the  white  appearance 

of  the  whole  plant ;  its  branches  are  weak, 

irregular,  and  scarcely  ligneous ;  it  requires  t 

a  warm  dry  situation,  exposed  to  the  sun,  ' 

I  and  is  therefore  very  suitable  for  rockwoik. 

a.  8.  D.  {?  T.)  pubb'sckns  L.    T 
uu.  D.  TtHm-ri*.  pubcsccnt  Daphne. 

n.nln 'cano-proTliidit  linillli,  Ml  mi 


690 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Engrovingt.    TUU  Cat.  Hort.  Pliani,  t.  49.  f.  %, ;  and  wajig.  1344. 

Spec.  Ckar.,  S^c.  Stems  pubescent,  simple.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  almost 
mucronate,  alternate,  nearly  deciduous.  Flowers  axillary  ;  5,  or  fewer,  in 
an  axil ;  sessile,  narrow,  shorter  than  the  leaf;  the  tube  thread-shaped  and 
downy.  It  seems  different  from  D.  Tliymels^a,  and  was  found  in  Austria 
by  Jacquin.  (fTt/!^.)     Introduced  in  1810. 

tt.  9.  i>.  (?  71)  TOMENTo^SA  Lam,    The  tomentose  Daphne. 

IdetUifieaiion,    Lam.  Diet. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  p.  S8. 

Amonifm^'    Puwrina  villMa  LM. ;  Laar§ole  cotonneoM  Lam.  Encme,  10. 

ingroffing.    O^xvflg.  1945.  from  a  fpiscimeii  in  the  Lambertian  berbanam. 

Spec.  Char.f  Sfc.  Flowers  sessile,  axillary.  Leaves  oblong- 
obtuse,  covered  with  tomentum  on  both  sides.  (Lam.')  A  low 
shrub,  very  nearly  allied  to  D.  Tdriori'-raira,  but  larger  in  all 
its  parts,  and  with  more  obtuse  leaves,  which  are  covered 
witn  tomentum,  instead  of  a  silky  down.  Asia  Minor  and 
the  Levant.  Height  2  ft.  to  3ft.  Introd.  1800.  Flowers  white; 
5fay.    Berries  ?. 

C.  Erect,     Leaves  persistent.    Flowers  terminal. 

«.  10.  i>.  GOLLi^NA  Smiih.  The  Hill-m^o^t^  Daphne,  or  NeapoSian 

Mezereon, 

Identification.    Smith  in  FI.  Graca,  t.  359. ;  Wllld.  So.  PU  3.  p.  413. 

Sywmymn.    D.  colllna  •  Sot.  Reg.  t.  883..  ?  D.  Mixliblia  Vakl  ^mb.  1.  p.  29. ;  Daphn£  dei  Col- 

linea,  Laurtole  ^  Feuilla  de  Sant^,  Fr. ;  StampfUiittriger  Seidelbaist,  Ger, 
Engravings.    Fl.  Graca,  c.  359. ;  Bot  Cab.,  1. 1348.  {  and  out  fig.  1347. 

Sjpec.  Char.,  i^c.  Leaves  obovate,  glabrous  and  glossy 
above,  and  hirsutely  villous  beneath.  Flowers  in 
terminal  groups.  Calyx  externally  sUkily  villous  ; 
its  lobes  ovate,  obtuse.  (Wikstrom.)  An  upright, 
low,  evergreen  shrub.  On  low  hiUs,  and  on  the 
banks  of  rivers,  in  the  South  of  Italy.  Height  2  ft. 
to  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1752.  Flowers  pinkish  ; 
January  to  June.    Berries  ?. 

Variety, 

s.  D.  c.  2  neapoUtana    Lindl.     D,   neapolitina 
Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  t.  710.,  and  our^.  1346.^ 
Differs  from  the  species  chiefly  in  the  want 
of  pubescence  on  the  under  surfiice  of  the 
leaves.      A    very  pretty    plant 
originated  in  a  sport  from  the 
species,  and  in  cultivation  since 
1822.      Much  admired  for  the 
fragrance  of  its  purple  and  white 
1346.  o.  o.  — iwuttofc     flowers  durinff  winter. 

Grafted  plants,  grown  in  a  boraer  sheltered  from 
the  north  by  a  wall,  thrive  well ;  and  form  thick  bushes, 
with  nearly  level  heads,  covered  with  flowers.  is«7.  o.  coinM. 

fl.  11.  D.  (c.)  OLEoi^DES  L.    The  Olive-like  Daphne. 

Identification.    Lin.  Mant.,  66. ;  Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  3.  p.  433. 

Synonifme$.    ChamadaphniAdas  erotica  Mpin.  Exot.  44.  t.  43. ;  ThymelceHi  crMea  oleK  folio 

utriuique  glabro  Touni.  Cor.  41 . ;  Diphne  »allclfblia  Lam.  Bnqfd.  3.  p.  433. :  Laurfole  k  Feuillea 

d'Ollvler,  JFy.  i  Oelbaumblattriger  Seidelbast,  Qer. 
Engravingt.    Aipin.  Exot.,  t.  43. ;  Bot.  Mag.,  1. 1917. ;  Bot.  Cab.,  t.  899. ;  and  oar  fig.  1348. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  terminated  with  a  minute  mucro, 
glabrous  upon  both  sides.  Flowers  terminal,  sessile,  a  few  together,  and 
surrounded  by  leaves  that  in  some  measure  involucrate  them.  (Bot,  Mag,) 


LX.    THYHELaYejE  :    D\  PHNE. 

A  low  ervr^t*M  ihrub.  Crete.  Hdgiit  2  ft.  lotrod.  1818. 

Flowers  white  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

It  ia  leaa  Bfaowy  Id  its  flowen  than  D.  colllna;  but  is 
deserving  of  cultiratioQ  from  its  Dearly  glossy  and  pointed 
leares,  and  neat  habit  of  growtb. 

«■  12.  D.  (c.)  SBBi'cBA  Vahi.     The  ulky-Zfacni  D^hne. 
'■kl  8Tmb,  I.  p. ». ;  WUld.  sp.  F1.,  1.  p.  »a. 
ITBHlie'm  crttba  aliK  Killa  lublu  tUIiiu  TVxn.  Ctr.  *\.  -, 
lit  Lam.  Snertl.  t.  p.  «M. ;  SeUHurtia«  SdiUlbut,  Gtr. 
'Jit-  1*U.  tram  a  ^^diuan  In  the  UobgnUo  htrliutlllll. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leavea  lanceolate,  bluntiah, 
glabrous  aboye,  villous  beneath.  Flowers 
terminal,  aggregate,  villous,  seasile.  Lobes  of 
the  calyx  obtuse.  It  difien  from  D.  (c.) 
deoides  in  its  leaves  being  villous  beneath,  in 
the  number  of  its  flowers,  and  in  the  lobes  of 
the  calyx  being  oblong.  (Wilid.)  A  low  ever-  '***■  "■''■'•'^'^ 
ereen  uinib.  Cendia  and  N^les.  He^t  1  ft.  to  8  ft.  Intro* 
duced  in  1820 ;  but  we  have  not  seen  the  plant. 

L  13.  D.vr^iA^k  Trot.     The  striated-fo^.m'  Daphne 

Tmt.  I  SmiBf.ijtt.i.f.va. 

£V™^-    Oar  A.  MO.  from  ■  ^adiiieii  to  Dr.  Llndlay'i  liartiiriiiK. 

Sprc.  Char.,  ^e.     Leaves  subq«thulate-linear,  seasile,  tipped 
with  a  small  mucro,  gUbrous.     Flowers  tenDinal,  aggregate,    , 
sesnle,^abrous,  striated.    Lobes  of  the  caljx  acute,  (^cngl)    ' 
A   low  evergreen  shrub.     Switzerland  and  Hungary.     This 
plant  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1819,  and  to  have 
purplish  Bowers  (  but  we  have  never  seen  it. 

D.  Errci.     Leavei  perailent.     Floieen  ia  Racema. 
m.  14.  £>.  Oni'divh  L.     The  Onidium,  or  Flax- 

leavat.  Daphne^ 
MnijIcaMiii,     Lin.  Sp.  PI..  ( 


SuMcimma.     Thnselfl*  MiiL _ 

flu,   Moont^n  V/iiow  W>;l«j   Dapfant  OnMli 


Lodd.  CU.,  ^  IB 

clfl*  MiU  liDl  B, 
<ufn  V/iiow  Vmjit;   Dapfant  OnMlub.'Llu- 
ilculB,  n-.  i  Blipubliiicrliu  Sedtotbut.  Gtr. ; 

Bat.  Cab.,  t.  IM).  1  ud  aaxjlt.  IBM. 

spec.  (Aar.,  ^c.  Evergreen.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  with  a  cuspidate  tip.  Flowers  in 
terminal  panicled  racemes.  (WSId.)  A  low 
evergreen  shrub.  Spain,  Italy,  and  Natbonne. 
Hei^t  SfL  Introduced  in  1797.  Flowers 
frwrant,  pink  ;  June  to  August.  Berries  small, 
^wular,  red;  ripe  in  September.  lui.  n-otm^. 

E.  Prottrate,     Letma  permletU.     Fhuwrt  terminat,  aggregate. 

t.  15.  D.  CWBOltUM  L.     The  Gariand-Aower,  or  mdBng,  Daphi 

Uaui/lnUom.    Ulu  Sp.,KII.,  Srrt.,Sri.;  WUld.  Sp.  Ft,  9.p.  «».{  Dot  Mit.,Llll:  I 

Stmanma.    Cat^nm  MtlA  Btt.*!.,  Out.  BiB.K.;  Ttijatltt  imUvet,  Fr. 

Mmtranm^i.    laat.  Ami.,  S.  t.  4K.  i  BM.  Mil-.  I.  SIS.  j  But  Cili,  t.  IWO. ;  and  onrjff.  lUS. 

^pec.  CSor.,  f  c.     Evergreen.     Steins  trdliog.     Leaves  lanceolate,  glabrous, 

mucronate.    It  Bowers  twice  a  year.    The  flowers  are  terminal,  aggrc^te, 

sessile,  red  upon  the  upper  side,  and  the  groups  of  them  are  surrounded  by 

leaves.  (W^.)     A  trailing  evergreen   shrub.     Switierland,  Hungary,  the 


692  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Pyrenees,  Mount  Baldo,  Germany,  and  France, 
in  1758.     Flowers  bright  pink,  sweet-Bcented ;      ,.-,  _ 
tember.     Berries  white,  small,  ^oboae,  seldom  produced 
yarietia. 

%.  D.  C.  2  film  variegalu.  —  The  leaves  have 

a  narrow  portion  of  yellow  at  the  edges. 
«.  D.  C.  3  jWre  &a>o.  —  Flowers  white. 
The  prettiest  species  of  the  genus,  more  especially 
when  grafted  1  or  1}  foot  high  on  D.  ^aurtola.  It  is 
also  valuable  for  rockwork,  end  erowing  in  pots, 
on  account  of  its  dwarf  habit,  antlthe  beauty  and 
delightfiil  frurance  of  its  flowers.  For  ordinary 
purposes  it  is  propi^tated  by  layers,  and  it  thrives 
best  in  pest  soil  kept  rather  moist- 

Genus  II, 

[J 

DI'RCA  L.     Trb  l>n<:K,or  LitATBBR'WOOD.     Lm.  ^it.  Octjndria 
HoQC^^ia. 
Neiut/laaim.    Uo.  Aram.  And.,  9,  p.  11. ;  N.  Du  Hu.,  idL  III.  p.  IM.  i  Bol.  Btf..  t  Vt. 
•^umm^fme,    ThfmrlJr^a  Grtm.  Virg.  lU. 

/TrrfHAn.    Fram  girU,  i  fOusuIn ;  tbt  plut  frowliic  to  wttij  j/Hacf. 
Gen.  Char.     Calyx  inferior,  funnel-shaped,  ending  in  4-~5  unequal  teeth,  pale 
yellow.  resemblinK  a  corolla.     Utamau  B.     Sglet  thread-shaped.     Sterna 
a  simple  point.     Thai  a  dry  enrpeL  {WSId.} 

Leaoei  simple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous;  coriaoeous.  Flotom 
terminal,  anpearing  before  the  leaves,  yellowish. — A  shrub  of  a  yelk>w  aspect, 
and  with  the  habit  of  a  miniature  tree  ;  native  of  Virginia.  Peat  soil  Kept 
moist ;  and  it  is  readily  propagated  by  imported  seeds,  or  by  layers. 


Sprc.   Char.,   ^c.      Leaves  lanceolate,   oblong, 
alternate^   pale  green,  villous  benratfa,  and 
deciduous.  (Ifi^.)   Alow  deciduous bnuichy 
shrub,   with  the  habit  of  a   miniature  tree, 
Virginia.    Hei^t  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced  in 
17A0,  and  common  in  collections  of  poat-earth 
shrubs.    Flowers  yellow  ;  March. 
The  whole  plant  has  a  yellow  aspect,  and  the 
flowers  are  of  a  brighter  yellow  than  the  leaves, 
without  the  admixture  or  contrast  of  any  other 
colour;    thus    producing    a    monotonous    ap- 
pearance rare  among  plants.     The  flowers  are 
produced  while   the  phmt  is   let^ess,  and,  in 
Eneland,  they  pre  seldom,  if  $ver,  followed  by 
seeds.     The  bud  of  the  shoot  of  the  same  year 
is  enclosed  in  the  bud  of  the  inflorescence.     The 
young  plants  are  very  liable  to  be  eaten  by  snails. 
Propagated  by  layers,  which  require  two  years  to 
root  properly,  or  by  American  seeds. 


LXI.   SANTALA^CEJEl    NY's&rf. 


693 


Order  LXI.    SANTALjtCEJEL 

Ord.  Char.  Perianth  superior,  4— 5-cIeft,  coloured  inside;  aestivation 
valrate.  Stamens  4—5,  opposite  the  segments  of  the  perianth,  and  inserted 
in  their  bases.  Ovarium  mferior,  1-celled,  2 — 4^seeded.  Style  1.  Stigma 
generally  lobed.    JFViit^  l-«eeded,  nucumentaceous  or  drupaceous.    Albumen 

•    fleshy.     Ftoufen  polygamous.  (G.  Don,) 

Leanes  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  entire.  Flowen  in  co- 
rymbs, pedunculate. — ^Trees  or  shrubs,  deciduous ;  natives  of  North  America 
and  the  South  of  Europe ;  propa^^ated  by  seeds.  The  hardy  species  are 
two,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 

Nv'sSif  L.    Flowers  polygamous.     Stamens  5. 
Obt*ris  L,    Flowers  dicecious.     Stamens  3. 

Genus  L 


mm 


NY'SSil  L.  Thb  Nyssa,  or  Tupelo  Tree.   Lm.  Syst.  Polygamia  Dioe'cia; 
or,  according  to  Smith  in  Rees's  Cyclop€Bdia,  Decdndria  Monog^nia. 

Meutifleaiiou,    Lin.  Gen.,  561 . ;  WiUd.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  1 1  IS. 

Derioatkm.    From  ^jma,  a  water  nymph  so  called}  a  name  given  to  thit  plant  bj  Llnn»us, 


l)ecauie  **  It  growt  In  the  waters.'*  {aort.  Cl\^,)    Tupelo  appears  to  be  an  aboriginal  name. 

Gen.  Char.  Flowert  oisexual  and  male,  upon  distinct  plants,  and  apetalous. 
— Bi»exwd  flower  of  the  calyx  connate.  Stamens  5.  Ovary  ovate.  Styles 
simple,  ^tgma  acute.  Fruit  a  roundish  drupe. — Male  flower  with  the 
calyx  5-parted.     Stamens  &-^\2.  (G.  Don.^ 

heaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  oeciduous;  oblong  or  lanceolate, 
entire.  Flowers  axillary,  peduncled,  greenish  white.  Fndt  red,  or  blackish 
purple.  —  Trees,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America;  requiring  mobt 
soil. 

Several  sorts  have  been  described  by  botanists,  probably  all  referable  to 
two,  or  at  most  three,  species,  viz.  N.  bifldra,  N.  dindicans,  and  N.  tomen- 
tdsa,  the  last  two  being  very  nearly  allied.  The  trees  which  have  flowered  in 
England  have,  as  far  as  we  are  aware,  only  produced  male  blossoms  ;  but,  to 
compensate  for  the  want  of  fruit,  the  foliage  of  all  the  species  of  die  senus 
dies  oft  of  an  intensely  deep  scarlet.  The  different  sorts  are  almost  always 
nused  from  American  seeds. 

S  1.  K.  BiFLo^RA  Mkhx.    The  twin-flowered  Nyssa,  or  Tupelo  Tree. 

Jiemiifieaiten,    M<chx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer^  %,  p.  9A9. ;  WtUd.  Sp.  PL.  4.  p.  lUa 

SifnommmtM.    N.  aquAtica  Ltm.  Sp,  PL  151 1. ;  N.  caroUniina  L. ;  N.  integrifblla  Ait.  Hort,  Kew.  8. 

P.446.J  N.  jpedAncolis  wdflbris  Qnm,  Firg.  ISl.;  Mountain  Tupelo  Mart,  i#tB.;  Gam  Tree, 

Sour  Gum  Tree,  Peperidge,  Amer. 
Emgra9ing9,    Catesb.  Car.,  1. 1.  41. ;  Mich.  Arb.,  t  8S. ;  and  omftg*-  I'M.  and  1866. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c.     Leaves  ovate-oblong,  entire,  acute  at  both  ends,  glabrous. 

Female  flowers  two  upon  a  pe- 
duncle. Drupe  short,  obovate; 
nut  striated.  (^Mtchx,)  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  Virginia  and  Carolina, 
in  watery  places.  Height  40  ft.  to 
45  ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flow- 
ers greenish ;  April  and  May. 
Fruit  black,  about  the  size  of  a 
pea,  never  seen  in  England. 

In  British  gardens  it    does    not 
appear  that  much  pains  have  ever 
been  taken  to  encourage  the  growth 
Y  Y  3 


UM.    N.  Ufl^ra. 


I3A6.    N.  biOdra. 


694  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BHITANNICUM. 

of  this  ot  any  other  spedes  of  Vfesa;  for  though  tb  ere  are  abundance  of 
plant!  to  be  procured  in  tbe  nursenes,  yet  tbere  are  very  few  of  a  tree-4ike 
nze  lo  be  seen  in  pleasure-^uiids.  To  insure  the  prosperity  of  the  tree, 
it  ought  always  to  be  planted  in  mobt  peat,  or  near  water. 

1  8.  N.  (b.)  villo'sa  Mlckt.     The  beiry-ieoted  Hyssa,  or  Tupelo  Tree. 
IdnJ^oMM.    Hlcfai,  F1.  Boi,  Adh.,  £  p.tW.;  WUM.  Sp.  Fl^i.  p.  1111,-,  Punh  Sept.,  1. 

I  la.  (  n'  numOiu  llort.  t  N.  peddDCidli  iaa1(lUr!i  fan.  ^'itg.  ]:il. ;  Soar  Qma  I'nt,  BUck 

Cunu  YeUow  Gun,  Amrr.  \  hurUer  TulKlnbuim.  Oet. 

£iWniHtV>.  lUchl.  N.  Amn.  art, ».  L  llD.  ;  ud  onr.^  IIK,  (nd  UBI. 

Spec.  CAar.,  ^c.  Leaves  oblong,  entire,  acute  at 
both  ends;  with  the  petiole,  midrib,  and  edge 
rillous.  Female  flawers  about  three  upon  a 
peduncle.  Peduncle  of  female  flowers  long, 
and  for  the  most  part  two-flowered.  Nut 
smaU,  ovate,  obtuse,  Btriated.  (jUicAx.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Carolma  tc 
Georgia.  Height  60  ft.  Ic 
70ft.;  inEnelutd  10ft.  tc 
15  ft.  Introduced  in  18S4',  ~ 
and  occasionally  met  with  in 
iiu.  N.  ni.)dUH.  collections.    Pfowers  green- 

ish ;  April  and  May.    Fruit 

black,  as  in  the  preceding  kind. 

t  3.  N.  (B.)  c*'n 


^c.  Char.,  4^.     Leaf  with  the  petiole  very  short,  and  the  disk  obloi^ 
wed^sbaped   at    the   base,   nearly   entire, 
whituh    on    the    under    eurface.      Female 
flowers  one   upon   a  peduncle.      It  varies, 
with   its    leaves   obovate,  entire,   or   rarely 

I  '' 

short.  Tlie  drupe  is  oblong.  (JUiiAx.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Carolina,  on  the  banks  of  ^ 
rivers,  particularly  the  Ogecbee.  Height 
30ft.  Introduced  in  1S06.  Flowers  green- 
ish yellow  1  April  and  May.  Fruit  dark  blue ; 
ripe  in  September.  '">■  ".  [tj  cfa>di«u. 

S  4.  N.  (b.)  □handidenta'ta  Michx.   The  deeply- 
toothed-ZmcnJ  Nyssa,  or  Large  TupHo  Tree. 


WaKteuk.  Amer.  p.  St.;  WUd  OUn,  AmtT.\  Vlr. 
(tnlui  WUb  TnpaJs.  Mart.  Mm. 
Smgrmttrntl.    CU«ti.  Cw,  I.e.tO-i  Kkbi.  N.Anur.   I 

&iie  thi  "*i  ■•  ""^  ""  ■*■  '**■■  "^  ■*■  i»«B- 
Spec.  Char.,  ijc  Leaf  with  a  long  petiole 
and  a  disk  that  is  oblonc,  acuminate, 
distantly  serrate,  and  invariably  toothed 
with   a   large  pointed  tooth.      Female 


LXII.    ELJEAQSJlCEIE,  695 

flowera  one  upon  a  peduncle.  Brscteaa  rather  ioneer  than  the  ovary. 
Lobes  of  the  calyx  wedae^aped.  Dnipe  oblong.  (MicHjc.)  A  decidu- 
ous tree.  South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Height  TO  ft.  to  80  fl.  j  in 
Eiuland  (OIL  to  18ft.  Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  greenish;  April 
ancTHay.     Fruit  dark  blue;  ripe  in  September. 

Genus  II. 

□ 

OSY  RIS  L.    Thb  OsTBis,  or  Poers  Casia.    Lm.  Sytt.  Dice'cia  Triftndria. 

UemJ^aOkm.   Un.  Oen.  PI. ;  WDM.  Sp.  PI.,  t.  p.  Tit. 

awmym.    Ciili  CuiMr.,  Lti^  A^tn-  Sen. 

Dtritiulim.  The  Onrii  at  FUht  ud  DloKortdai  Ii  » lumiid  (torn  auu,  t  bnocb  i  mm  the  lenilk 
■nd  plUbUilj  o(  tin  brnchei. 

Gen,  Char.  FIovkti  apetalouB,  unisexual,  at  least  in  eSkct ;  thoie  of  the  two 
texea  upon  distinct  plants. — Malt.  Floaert  borne  in  lateral  racemes,  about 
3 — A  in  a  raceme,  and  disposed  in  1 — 8  pairs,  with  a  terminal  odd  on& 
Cabt  spreadingly  belt^haped,  S-parted  ;  its  nstivation  valvate.  Xedary 
disk-like,  3-cornered.  Slameut  3,  arising  from  the  nectary,  alternate  to  its 
anglea,  and  opposite  to  the  lobes  of  the  calyx.  Aniieri  of  S  separate  lobes 
that  open  inwards. — Frmaie.  Flouxrt  solitary.  Cali^a  urceolate  j  its  tube 
connate  with  the  ovary;  its  limb  free,  3-cleft.  Style  single.  StigmatS. 
Frtat  glubose,  fleshy,  exteriorly  crowned  by  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  and  the 
remains  of  the  style.     Carpel  with  cmstaceons  brittle  walla,  (ff'ittrf.) 

Leaeei  wmple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  or  sub-evergreeD  ;  entire, 
small,  linear  lanceolate.  Flowert  white,  pedunded. —  Shrub,  deciduous 
or  mib-evergreen  ;  native  of  South  of  Europe. 

^  1.  O.  t/LSk.  L.  The  white:/{Dum;ff  Osyris,  or  Poeft  Ciuia. 

Stmmgma.  O.  miit  Wtrlbiu  icilUi  La$'.  Il'.'im.  '\  O.  milticani  bteitta 
B«l.  nm.  III. ;  OUU  pntCU*  MoonwUfaulaiii  Co*.  Eptt.  H. ;  OiU  Luloi- 
ram   Al^.   Sist,  41.  ;  (Um  Honlptm  dlcU   Cm.  Sfll.  K. ;  wtdlH  t)>^ 

Emfrartm^.    LuB.  lU.,  I.  WI. ;  md  oar  A-  1*61. 

^wc.  Ciar.,  4^c.     Stem  roundish,  striated.     Leaves  alternate, 
linear-lanceolate,  1  in.  long,  entire,  glabrous.    Flowers  upon 
the  branchlets,  peduncled.  (IfiiM.)    A  low,  xpreadins,  deci- 
duous OT  sub-evergreen  sLrub.  Italy,  Spain,  Montpeher,  and  '.^ta  '^^i^ 
Camiols.  Height  3ft.  to  4ft.  Introduced  iu  1793.    Flowers  ^^-T^  ^C^ 
white;  July  and  August.   Drupered,  aboutthe  sizeof  a  pea.  Xy  J^^Jf 
The  long  supple  branches  of  this  shrub  were  formerly  used  ,^'^T"^ 
for  brushes,   and   they  are   still  used   in  making   crates,  or  (    --"U^  \ 
packbg-cases,  in  the  South  of  Europe,     Propagated  by  seeds,  \^       ^ 
and  grown  in  dry  soil,  but  aomewhat  difficult  to  preserve.  lu,,  ^  ^i^ 


Order  LXII.     ELMAGHA'CEM. 

Omd.  CbaB.  Periatiih  tubular,  entire,  8 — 4-'Iobed,  persistent.  Slamem  3 — * 
to  8,  altemaU'ug  with  the  segments.  .4nM<Tj  nearly  sessile,  introrse.  Ovariunt 
free,  1-celled,  I-seeded.  Style  ehort.  Sligma  simple,  subulate,  glandular, 
or  toi^e-shaped.  Fruii  enclosed  in  the  pulpy,  persistent,  enlarged  tube 
of  the  perianth.    Albumen  thin  or  fleshy.  (G.  thn.) 

Letmei  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  elstipillale,  deciduous;  oblong  or 
lancEtolate,  entire.     Flowert  Bxilfory.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous  : 


696  ARBORETUM  £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America  ;  propagated  by  seeds,  or  cat* 
tings  of  the  roots,  in  dry  soil.  The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished :  ^- 

j&*LiBA^ONus  Toum,    Flowers  polygamous.    Calyx  4-lobed.     Stamens  4. 
/fippo^PHAE  L,    Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  of  2  petals.     Stamens  4. 
SBEPHE^RD/ii  Nutt.     Flowers  dioecious.    Calyx  4-cleft.     Stamens  8. 

Genus  I. 


iJliL 


^L^A'GNUS   Tbum.    The  El«a'gnus,    Olbastsr,  or  Wild  Ouve 

Tree,    Lin.  Syst.  Tetr4ndria  Monog/nia. 

Identification.    Toarn.  Cor^  61. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  3.  p.  87. 

Syiun^met.    Chalef,  Fr. ;  Wilde  OeltMum.  Oer. ;  Eleaano,  Itai. 

privation.  "  The  elaiagnot  of  Theophnstus  was  apumt  with  hoary  leayei,  grovfaig  in  nunbf 
placet  in  Arcadia,  and  was  probably  a  spedet  of  5ilix,  although  oertjanlT  not  8.  babrlfoica.  aa 
Sprengnl  has  stated  it  to  be.  It  was  named  (torn  its  resemblance  to  the  elata,  or  olive,  from  which 
it  differed  in  not  bearing  fruit.  Dioscorides  writes  ekeagros^  which  means  the  wild  olWe ;  and 
some  boUnisU  have  adopted  this  reading,  which  is  most  Ukely  the  true  one.  The  planU  to  which 
the  name  £laeiignus  is  now  applied  are  also  something  like  the  olive.  The  French  call  the  .SlseSg- 
nus,  chalef ;  a  slight  alteration  according  to  Gollus,  of  khaiif,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  willow  ; 
but  more  probably  of  kalqft  the  Persian  name  of  the  £Uefignus  itself."  {LinOleif  in  Bm,  Beg., 
1. 1196.)  Oleaster  is  a  Latin  word,  which  is  Interpreted  a  wild  olive  tree ;  and  perliapt  R  is 
derived  from  otea,  an  olive  tree,  and  instar^  likeness. 

Gen,  Char.,  S^c.  Flowers  some  bisexual,  some  male  only;  both  kinds  on 
one  plant. —  JBiseTual  Jiower,  Ca/^x  resembling,  intemalhr,  a  corolla,  tu- 
bular below,  bell-shaped  aboYe,  with  a  slightly  spreading  fobed  deciduous 
limb.  Lobes  mostly  4 ;  the  tubular  part  includes  the  ovary  and  part  of  the 
style,  and  bears  at  its  mouth  a  conical  crown,  through  whicn  the  style 
passes.  Style  long.  Stigma  clavate,  or  coiled.  Stamens  arising  from  the 
i)ottom  of  the  bell-shaped  part,  shorter  than  it,  alternate  with  its  lobes ; 
the  filaments  adnate  to  it,  except  at  their  tip.  Ovary  oblong.  Frtdt  an 
achenium  — •  Male  flower.  Calyx  resembling,  internally,  a  corolla,  bell- 
shaped,  with  a  limb  of  4—6-^  lobes.  Stamens  of  the  number  of  the 
lobes,  otherwise  as  in  the  bisexual  flower.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  bearing,  as  does  the  bark 
of  growing  shoots,  scales  or  stars  of  hairs.  Flowers  axillary,  pediceled.  Frvit^ 
in  some,  edible. — Shrubs  or  low  trees,  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  North  America ;  which  grow  freely  in  any  soil  tolerably  dry,  and  are 
readily  propagated  by  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings. 

^  \,  E.  HORTE^NSis  Bieb.    The  Garden  Elseagnus,  Oleaster,  or  Wild 

Olive  Tree. 

Identification.    Bleb.  Fl.  Taur.  Cane,  p.  113. 

Sifrumipne$.    E.  angustlfblia  L.,  WiUd.  Sp.  PL  1.  p.  688. ;  E.  songirica  FKicA. ;  E.  inftrmls  MUL  Diet. 

No.  S. ;  E.  argfeiteus  Meenek  Metk.  p.  688. ;  E.  orieutAlis  DeUMle ;  ?  E.  arg^ntea  WaU.  Demi. 

Brit.  1. 161. ;  Jerusalem  WUlow ;  Olivier  de  Bohdme,  Chalef  iL  FeuiUes  fitroites,  Fr.  \  schmal- 

blattrlger  Oleaster,  Ger. ;  Albero  di  Paradlso,  ItaL 
Engraving*.    N.  Du  Ham.,  1. 1 89. ;  Bot.  Reg.,  1. 1186. ;  the  plate  hi  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt  edit,  vol.  vli. ; 

and  our^^s;.  186S.  and  136S. 

Spec.  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  hoary  all  over,  as  are  the  shoots  of  the 
current  year,  with  stars  of  hairs  of  a  hoary  colour.  Branches  brown  and 
smooth,  more  or  less  spiny.  Leaves  2  in.  to  3  m.  long  ;  upon  the  upper  surface 
whitish  green,  and  upon  the  under  one  very  hoary.  Flowers  2  or  3  together, 
axillary,  upon  short  peduncles,  fragrant :  bisexual  flowers  4-cleft,  interior  of 
a  pale  yellow ;  male  ones  5-  or  more  cleft,  interior  of  a  eolden  yellow. 
Both  are  furnished  on  the  exterior  with  stars  of  hairs,  luie  the  under 
sur^e  of  the  leaves.  A  large  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  South  of 
Europe,  in  Bohemia,  France,  Spain,  the  Levant,  Tartary,  and  various  parts 
of  Asiatic  Russia.  Height  15fl.  to20fl.  Introduced  in  1633.  Flowers 
pale  yellow,  fragrant ;  May.  Fruit  red  brown  colour,  something  like  a 
date;  ripe  in  October. 


LXII.  ELMAOtl/iCBM:  ELMa'OVVS.  6 

rarietiet. 

X  E.   A.    1   angiuti/oBa   Bieb.    E.   anguitif&lia 
(Jig-  \362Jt — Leaves  luiceolale, 
BDining.      Fruit  iDsipirl.      This  is 
the  most  commoQ  gort  in  British   . 
gardens. 
T  E.  A.  S  daclyUfinmi.  —  Leaves  lao-    ' 
ceolate,     shinbg.       Fruit    (lat»- 
,  sbsped,  eatable. 

1  E.  A.  3  orientdlu.  E  orienttUis  X. 
(PbU.  F1.  Rom.,  i.  t.  5.  ;  and  our 
^.  1363.) — Branches  not  spin;.  4 
Fruit  date-shaped,  eatable  I  almost 
as  large  as  that  of  a  ji^ube,  and 
used  in  the  dessert  in  Persta,  where 
im.  x.i..tnimaaut.  >'  is  called  zinzeyd.     The  flowen 

are  more  fragrant  than  those  of  '"*  ut."^' 
E.  h.  angustif&lia.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
"i  B.  i.  4fl>moM.   £.  apindsB  £1.  —  Branches  spiny.   Leaves  lanceolate. 
Fruit  msipid.    Nc^hJ.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
The  ulvery  vhiteneas  of  the  foliage  of  this  tree  renden  it  a  most  con- 
spicuous object  in  plantations;  and  hence,  in  any  landscape  where  it  is  wished 
to  attract  the  eye  to  a  particular  point,  it  may  be  usefully  employed. 

*  2.  E.  akoe'ntbaPA.   Tbesilvery-^niiwifElsagnus.or  WildOiae  Tree, 


^rmmrmr.    Hluniirl  Sitvn-  T 


Spec.  Char.,  Stc  Not  spiny.  Leaves  waved,  oval-oblong,  rather 
acute,  glabrous  on  both  surbces,  and  covered  with  silvery 
scales.  Flowers  aggr^ate,  nodding.  Sexes  Eq)parently  dice- 
cious.  Fruit  roundish-ovate,  about  the  size  of  a  small  cherry, 
cartilaginous,  covered  with  silvery  scales,  having  S  grooves  1 
the  flesh  dry,  ferinsceous,  eatable ;  the  nucule  subcylindric,  its 
exterior  part  consisting  of  a  tenacious  woolly  int^ument. 
A  bushy  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Hudson's  Bay;  and 
found  on  the  argillaceous  broken  banks  of  the  Hissouri, 
near  Fort  Handan.  Height  8ft.  to  13ft.  Introduced  in 
1813.  Flowers  yellow;  July  and  August. 
According  to  Pursh,  Sheph^rdia  arg^otea  Null,  resembles 
the   £lieignus  ar^tea  Purih    so 

much,   without  the  fruit,  that,  m  this  state,  one 

might  easily  be  mistaken  for  the  other. 

•  E.  aaSc^oBa  ?  D.  Don  (J!g.  1366.)  is  a 
spedea  ^>parently  Tery  distinct,  and  tolerably 
hardy,  of  which  we 
have  only  seen  one 
pluit  about  3  ft  hi^, 
in  the  arboretum  at 
Kew.  It  promises  to 
be  a  moat  valuable  ad- 
dition to  our  nearly 
hardy  shrubs. 

*  Elaagntu  cmfirta 

Hort.,  and  our^c.  1 365. 

from  a  living  pWt  in 

130.  conratu.  the   Horticultunl    So-  iist.  t.miut»ia. 


ET    FBUTICETUM    BRITAHMICUM. 


//IPPO'PHAE  L.    Tbb  HiPPOFBAE,  Sea  Bucktrosn,  or  Sallowthors. 
Lin.  Syit.    Di<E'cia  Tetrinaria. 

Snonwj.  BhuDDSlds'  Taltm.  Cur.  H. ;  Arcoauler,  R-.,  HiJHaiii,  or  Suddnni,  Gcr. ;  Ip. 
poftB.  tUl.iJttflna  mlrllla,  4h>. 

Der/tation.  iTipfi^liaa.  at  Hlpparlnia,  nt  tba  duim  or  i  ifanili  msUoatd  b;  Tbioiifanilui  and 
DkHcoridm  i  and  which  U  nipjwi«d  to  ba  Ehe  unie  u  Iha  hlppc^j^t  of  FLLn^.  The  dtrintkoq 
li  lumioHfl  to  be  from  k^spo*.  a  bone,  aod  p^o.  to  brtfhten  {  aod,  ai  aecordlng  to  cbe  Scmmean 

to  cbem  to  Duke  cbsJr  coati  tieck  and  ifalniUB,  and  have  thui  procored  lu  nave. 
Gen.  Char,,  Sfc.  Flowcrt  uniaexua],  dicecious.  —  Mi^fiower,  Calyx  ardied, 
HMDiing  w  if  constituted  of  two  leave*  connate  at  the  tip.  Slameiu  i,  not 
extended  outof  the  calyx.  —  FemaU Jknoer.  d^  tubular,  cloven  at  the 
top,  including  the  ovai^,  and  becoming  at  length  succulent.  Sfjilr  short. 
iS^^ma  long.  Frvit  a  polished  schenium,  furrowed  at  one  side,  with  an 
acid  juice.  \G.  Son.) 

Lemet  simple,  alternate,  eistipulate,  deciduous ;  narrow,  entire,  scaly,  and 
silverv,  especially  beneath,  Flounri  axillary,  pedunculate,  snill.  FnU 
succulent,  eatable.  —  Shrubs  or  low  trees;  natives  of  Europe  and  Asia. 
Ornamental  in  Biicish  gardens,  on  account  of  their  grey  silky  foliage,  and 
of  their  berries.  Propagated  by  aeeds,  layers,  or  suckers,  in  common  soil  ; 
and  valuable  in  aceoety  as  attracting  attention  by  thdr  white  aspect,  and 
standuig  the  sea  breeze. 


HinfMwWiin.    Un.  SB.  n„  KM. :  Bmlth  Bni.  Tlott,  t.  p.  mi 
■ ■"•inmaiiot  aoriCeia  lUldijailo  TiMrm.  Car.  K 


1  n.  iKb!!^'sk 


Spec.  CHar„  ^e.      Branches  each  ending  in  a 

spine.  Leaves  luiear4anceolate,  mostly  blunt- 

isb,   dark  green,  and  minutely  dotted,   not 

•caly  OD  the  upper  side  ;  ulveir  as  well  as 

scal^  on  the  under  one.   (SmM.)       A  low 

deciduoua  tree  or  lai^  shrub.     Europe,  on ' 

aandy  sea   coasts  i   in   England,   in   various 

places  on  the  east  and  south-east  coast;  but 

not  in  Scotland.  Hdgfat  15il.to80ft.  Flowers 

vellow ;    May.     Berries    bright    orang&<o- 

loured,   and  produced   in   great  abundance  { 

ripe   in    September,   and   remaining  on   the 

tree  as  long  as  the  leaves,  and  frequently  tDl 

the  following  spring. 
faneliei. 

X  ^H.S.iangiumiia'LoM.Cat.ed.iase. 

(The  plate  of  this  tree  in  Art.  Brit.,  h 

latadil.,vDl.Tii.;andonrj^.l368.,of  ,„,    ..  .^ ,.j_ 

the  female  sei.)— The  leaves  are  obvi- 
ously more  narrow  than  those  of  the  spedes ;  the  young  branches 
are  pendulous ;  and  the  tree  is  highly  ornamental,  more  especially 
when  in  fiiiit. 


LXII.   ELSAOSk  CEB  :    HIFPO'PHAE. 


X  ■  H.  A.  3  ablrka,   H.  Biblrica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  — Appears  to.di 
very  little,  if  at  ell,  from  the  speciea. 
In  Britidi  nurEeries,  plants  are  conroonly  increased  by  suckers,  which 
produced  in  abandanc« ;  and  a  deep  sandy  soil  u  suitable  for  povr'm^ 

plant  to  a  la^e  site.    It  may  be  planted  in  elevated  and  exposed  a= 

and  on  the  sea  coast,  where  few  other  trees  wUl  grow. 


UT  Jig.  1MB.  from  ■  llibis  ipcdlBa. 

^pec.  Char.,  i[c.  Without  Iborns,  up- 
right, bruiched.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
obtuse,  nhitely  tomentose,  as  are  the 
bianchlets.  A  large  deciduous  shrub 
orlowtree.  8iriD^ur,in  NepaL  Height 
15 It.  to  soft.  Litroduced  in  ISSS.  j 
Flowers  and  fruit  as  in  H.  Rhsm- 


A  much  more  robust  species  than 
U.  Ithaninoldes,  though  probably  more 
U^le  to  be  injured  by  ^ost.  The  ahoots 
produced  b  one  season,  from  a  plant 
cut  down,  are  5  or  6  feet  in  length,  and 
the  leaves  about  twice  the  length  of 
those  of  the  common  q>ecies,  muidi  less 
silvery,  and  closely  resembling  those  of 
S&lix  viminiUs.  The  aspect  ofuiisn>eciea 
isless  white  than  that  of  ^.Rhamndtdea. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANN1 


Hi 


ml 

SHEPHE'RD/^  Null. 


Anwi^vmf.    /flppiptuxZ,.,  ulstluiipKlmS.  ciDidtniltVUf. 

AUraliim.    Nuaed  bj  NuCWI,  In  bDDDUt  of  [b>  LUc  Hr.  JatH  SAlpllcr*,  cuntor  D(  Om  BytMile 

Rauoe,  tlHI  lulliinlDn  dwoi  IU  ptoait  auiann.  ' 

Gen.  CAor.,  4^c.     Flovien  iiDisexual,   dicecious.     Male  Jhaer.    Calj/x  ^-AA, 
SlametuS,  included  withio  the  calyx,  sttKiiate  with  S  glanda. —  Female 

Jloiaer,      Calyx  bell-ahaped ;  its  limb  4-parted,  Sat,  the  portiooE  equal ;  it* 
tube  adnata  to  the  owy.     Style  1,     Stigma  oblique.  ^G.  Don.)^ 

Leacet  simple,  opposite,  eiitipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire,  with  silvery  scales. 
Fkwert  axillary,  aggregate ;  the  female  ones  smaller  than  the  mdes,  and 
sometimes  racemose  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Beniet  diaphanous, 
scarlet,  acid,  eatable.  —  Shrubs  or  low  spinescent  trees,  dedduous,  with 
the  aspect  of  £Js&gDus  ;  nadre  of  Nortn  America.  Culture,  in  British 
gardens,  as  in  ^pp6phae. 

•  T  1.  8.  akgb'ntba  Wrffc    The  ^ja-kaved  Sbepherdia. 

IdftiltflaOlim.    NdU,  Gan.  ADwr.,  L  p.  MO. 

^rtmrma.    iflDpdnhH  trfinuiPiirnt  S(p(.  i.  p.  ll^  t  HlBouri  SUnr  Lnf.n 

Tm,  Amir.  1  BibUt  Bciy,  ud  Baef  Sdm  Tm,  Amer.  Indiimi  1  CnlH  da  . 
Fu.  Ant*  TVoiIira 
e^fratlmgi.    Oai  fin,  \xm.  ;*od  jb.  1171.  tna  tha 
ariglDiripeFliiiai  mt  br  Nuttill  to  Mi.  aii^h«il 
of  LlrflrpooL- 

^tec,  Oiar.,  cjr-    Leaves  oblong-ovate,  ob- 
tuse ;  OD  both  a4irbcea  glalMvus,  and 
covered    with    8ilvei7   peltate    scales. 
(fUriA.)  A  small  tree.  North  America, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri,  and  ita 
tributary  streams.  Uci^t  I2ft.to  16ft. 
Introduced  in  1618.     Flowers  yellow; 
April  and  May.  Berries  scarlet,  diapha- 
nous, acid  ;  npe  in  September. 
Ita  fruit,  which   is   much   relished   in    [„,    „ 
America,  is   about   the  size  of  the  red 
currant,  much  richer  to  the  taste,  and  fomis  a 
am.  n  ■  ii  n  tinued  cluster  an  every  branch  and  twig. 

■  S.  S.  canadb'nsis  ifiiU.     The  Canadian  Sfaepherdia. 

£ii«ra«fiW.    Oaifit.  ivn.  ftom  >  U'iiig  tpedmen. 

Spec.  Char.,  J^c.     Leaves  ovate,  or  cordate-ovate,  opposite  ; 

Seen,  and  nearly  glabrous  upon  the  upper  surface ;  upon 
e  under  one  itellately  pilose,  ulvery,  and  scaly ;  the 
scales  rusty,  deciduous.  Branches  oj^site.  Flowers 
disposed  in  uprisht  racemes  between  the  first  leaves,  and 
of  naif  the  length  of  these.  (Null.)  A  deciduons  shrub. 
North  America,  on  the  borders  of  lakes,  in  the  western 
parts  of  the  state  of  New  Yorb,  in  Canada,  and  along  the 
St  Lawrence  to  its  source.  Uei^t  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1759,  but  not  frequent  in  collections.  Flower* 
yellow  ;  April  and  May.  Berries  yellow,  sweetish,  but 
scarcely  eatable ;  ripe  in  August.  iiii.  s.a 


ixiil.  ^ribtolochia'ce*  :  ^ristoWchia.  701 

Order  LXIII.     .^RISTOLOCHIA'CE^ 

Onn.  Cbar.  Perianlh  superior,  3-cleft,  equal  or  unequal.  Slament  deBmte. 
Oturium  iDferior,  many-celled.  iS^  short.  SUgma  divided.  Fndi  cap- 
sular  or  baccate.     Albumen  Beahj.  (G.  Doa.) 

Leava  simple,  alternate^  eistipulate,  deciduoui ;  cordate,  entire.    Fhaeri 
axillary.  —  Twining  deciduous  snrubs ;  natives  of  North  America. 

Genub  I. 


m 


UnUifeMltm.    3cbnb.Lla.  On,  No.  lta.i  vnU.  S» 
SnicwKi.    AriMolochc,  Fr. ;  OReriaier,  0>r. 
Ar^HitHxt.    ArlddlMiliwuUisiiulwelmpluit  urn 

puturioofl. 


I  plant  iiiecddib«d  br  I^ 
fftilMMrth  1  IB  to  dflrlTi 


Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Cafyx  of  some  other  colour  than  green,  and  in  colour  and 
texture  resembling  a  corolla;  in  its  lowest  part  conuate  with  the  ovary ; 
inflated  above  this  part,  then  tubular,  and  ending  in  an  expanded  border, 
which  has  3  segments,  and  these  are  valrete  in  asstivation.  Sumem  6,  ad- 
hering to  the  style  and  stigmaa.  S^  I.  SUgmat  6,  radiating.  C(^nJe 
with  6  cells  and  numerous  seeds. 

Z^aeet  as  in  the  Order,  exstipulate,  deciduous.  Hcveri  yellow,  brown, 
dark  brown,  and,  in  som^  spotted  on  a  yellow  ground.  —  Suubs,  twining ; 
naUves  of  North  America;  of  easy  culture  in  any  common  ami  that 
is  dry. 

±  I,  A.  si'pao  L'Hini.    The  8iphon-fiie,  or  TiAe-flmaered,  Birthwort. 

UaUilUMiim.    L'lUilt  Mrp.  Mdt.,  la.  t.  7.  i  WlUd.  gp.  PI.,  A.  p.  lU. 

SriHnqrma.    A.  tntaofMKA  Lam.  EneycL  I.  p.  951 1  ArlUolache  anban,  A.  i  srowUitlrls*  «•- 

HrlilMT,  Qrr.  j  Pipa  Vlnii,  ar  Blrlhwort,  Amir. ;  SKo  %ai  Hpj.  /tai. 
XiVriinto(<-    N.Du  HBD,4.t.lO.;  BM.  Ulc,.t.BM.)  iqdourA.im. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^e.  Stem  twining.  Leaves 
cordate,  acute.  Bnctea  6!  die  pe- 
duncle ovate.  Corolla  ascending ; 
its  limb  in  3  equal  portions,  not  ex- 
panding flat,  brown.  (WiOd.)  A 
deciduous  twining  shrub.  Alleghany 
Mountains,  from  Pennsylvania  lo 
Carolina.  Btem  IS  ft.  to  SO  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1783.  Flowers  yellowish 
brown;  May  and  June. 
Striking  irom  the   magniGcent   ap- 

pearance   of  the  leaves,  and   remark- 
able for  the  form  of  its  flower,  which 

is  bent  like  a  siphon  ;   for  the  trifid 

border  of  its  corolla,  and  tor  the  very 

large  bractea  placed  on  the  middle  (rf 

the  peduncle.     The  roots  are  woody, 

and  have  the  smell  of  camphor.     The 

stems,  branches,  and   twin   are   also 

strongly  scented,  as  are   the  flowers. 

In   Bntish   gardens,    tUn   species,   to 

grow  Ireely,  requires  a  deep  liree  soil. 


702 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITAVNICUM. 


dry  rather  than  moist,  and  a  warm  situatioQ.  It  ifl 
propagated  by  division  of  the  root,  by  suckers,  or^  by 
seeas,  which  are  sometimes  recdved  from  North  America. 

A  2.  A,  (s.)  TOMENTo^A  S&ms.  The  tomentose  Birthwort 

Ideniifleatum.    Sinuln  Bot.lfag.,t.  186B.:  Lodd.  Cat.,ed.  18S6. 
Engravimgi.    Bot.  Mag.,  1 199.  \  Bot.  C«b.,  t.  641. ;  and  oar  Ar>  1174. 

Spec,  Char,,  4^.  Stem  twining.  Leaves  cordate,  downy 
beneath.  Peduncle  solitary,  without  a  bractea.  C<>- 
roUa  with  its  tube  twisted  back,  and  much  more  deeply 
divided  than  in  A,  slpho,  expanding  flat,  and  yellow, 
with  the  mouth  of  the  tul^  of  a  deep  purple.  A 
twining  deciduous  shrub.  North  America.  Height 
10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introd.  1799.  Flowers  as  in  il.  sipho. 


Order  LXIV.    EUPHORBIA'CEjK 

Ord,  Char.  Flowers  umsexual.  Periarih  lobed  or  wanting,  ftimished  inside 
with  hypogynous  glandular  or  scale-formed  appendages.  Stamens  definite 
or  indefinite,  free  or  monadelphous.  Offarium  superior,  2 — S-celled.  Stylet 
equal  in  number  to  the  cells.  Stigmas  man}',  distinct  or  combined.  Capsule 
of  2 — 3,  or  more,  2-valved  cells  or  cocci.  Seeds  solitary  or  in  pairs, 
arillate,  suspended.    Albumen  fleshy.  (G,  Don,} 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite^  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous 
or  evergreen;  quite  entire.  Flowers  solitary,  aggregate,  terminal,  lateral, 
or  axillary.  —  Snrubs  or  small  trees,  natives  of  £nrope  and  Noith  Ame^ 
rica,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 

STiLLi^NOiii  Garden.    Flowers  monoecious,  in  spikes.    Style  1.    Stigmas  3. 
^u'xus  Toum,    Flowers  monoecious,  in  heaps.    Styles  3.    Stigmas  3. 


Genus  I. 

STILLI^'NG/il  Garden.    The   Stillimoia.    Un.  Sjyst,  Monoe'da 

Monad^lphia. 

IdetUffleatiim,  "  StilllnsUt  wai  mdI  ander  Chat  nane  to  Llnnvus,  by  the  celebrated  Dr.  Alexander 
OardeD.'*    (Smitk  In  Reet*t  Cj^ebp.)  Lin.  Mant.,  19.  j  Schreb.  Lin.  Gen..  6BS. 

DertvaUoii.  Named  hj  Dr.  Alexander  Garden  In  bonoar  of  Mr.  Bn^famfm  SUttimg/leei,  author  of 
a  work  entitled  MitcelUmeom  TraeSt  rel4$timg  U>  IfatmrtU  Hktortf,  tte,,  partly  tranilated  tknm  the 
writings  of  Unmena. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  unisexual ;  males  in  a  spike,  females  at  the  base  of  the 
same  spike  ;  ?  dioecious.  —  Male.  Flowers  seven  together.  Calyx  like  a 
corolla,  of  one  piece,  funnel-6hfq>ed,  its  margin  jagged.  Stamens  2 — 3,  pro* 
minent ;  the  filaments  sli^tly  connected  at  the  base.  —  Female,  Involucre 
1-flowered.  Calyx  supenor,  shaped  as  in  the  male.  Style  thread-shaped. 
Stigmas  3.  Fhat  a  rc^a,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  the  involucre  a  httle 
enlarged,  somewhat  turbinate,  34obed. 

L^xves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  entire.  Flofifers  in  spikes, 
terminal  or  lateral. — Shrubs,  deciduous,  milky ;  natives  of  North  America. 

Jt  1.  S.  iioo'sTEiNA  Willd,    The  Prhet-leaved  Stillingia. 

JdentifieaOom. ^Wmd,  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  66a  ;  Pnrth  Fl.  Aroer.  Sept.,  3.  p.  SOS. 
Rngrawhtg,    OmJIg,  Wb.  from  a  ipeetmen  In  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker^l  herbarium. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,    Shrubby.     Leaf  consisting  of  a  petiole,  and  a  disk  that  is 


LXiv.  EvvnonBiA''C£^ :  bv'xvs.  703 

oyaUIanceolate,  pointed  at  both  ends,  and  entire.    Male  flowers  upon  very 

short  pedicels.    Female  flowers  ?.    Male  flowers  disposed  in  spikes,  part 

lateral,  part  terminal,  and  having  a  3-cleft, 

rather  flat,  calyx,  and  3  stamens  that  have 

kidney-shaped  anthers  ;  bracteas  1 — 2-glanded 

and  1-flowered.  (Nutt.)    A  deciduous  shrub. 

Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  shady  woods.  Height 

3  ft.  to  4  ft.      Introduced  in  1812.      Flowers 

yellowish ;  June  and  July. 

We  are  not  aware  that  this  species  is  now  in 
existence,  in  a  living  state,  in  England.  "w.  s.  ngMrtm. 

Genus  IL 


Ham 


^U^XUS  Tbum.    Thb  Box  Tbbb.    Lin.  Syst,  Monce'cia  Tetrtodria. 

Jdent^leaikm.    Toarn.  Inst.,  t  MS.  t  Bog.  Flora,  4.  p.  13S. 

Sunomifma,    Bai«,  Fr. ;  Buxbanm,  Buchibaom,  Qer. ;  Bouolo,  Hat. 

Derivation.  From  pnknott  d«DM ;  In  reference  to  the  bardnesi  and  doieneu  of  the  wood ;  or, 
perhaM,  to  the  denseneM  of  the  foUase.  The  Oreeki  called  the  boxes  made  of  this  wood,  which 
were  bMilily  esteemed  for  thdr  doraUlity,  pifxiOeti  >nd  hence,  probably,  arose  the  word  py», 
which  is  used  for  the  chest  containing  the  Host  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Gen.  Char.  Fhwert  unisexual,  monoecious. — Male,  Cakfx  of  4  minute  leaves. 
Siamens^f  inserted  under  the  rudiment  of  a  pistil. — Amale,  Floivert  singly, 
at  the  tip  of  groups  of  male  ones.  Ch^jt  as  m  the  male.  Stylet  3*  Stigmas 
3.    Ihni  a  regma,  leathery,  beaked  with  the  styles.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  entire,  smooth,  stalked, 
Floioers  axillary,  agprecate,  whitish.  Frmt  green. — Shrubs  or  small  trees, 
evergreen,  with  rigid  leaves  and  whitish  buds ;  natives  of  Europe  and 
Asia ;  of  easy  culture  in  any  soil  that  is  tolerablv  dry ;  and  propagated  freely 
by  division  of  the  plant,  by  cuttings,  or  by  seeds. 

1  m\,  B.  sEMPBRTi^BNS  L,    The  evergreen,  or  common^  Box  Tree. 

Jdeni^fieoHom.    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  ISM.  s  Smith  Bng.  Flora,  4.  p.  188.  t  Baxt  Brit.  Flow.  PL,  2. 1 141 
Sjfmmgmet.    JTaxus  Raii  %».  44Bi. ;  Buls  commun,  Bois  bfol,  Fr. ;  Buchsbaum.  Qtr, ;  Busso, 

Bossolo  Jlai. 
EngravimgM.    Eng.  Bot,  1. 1841.  {  and  oar^.  1877. 

Spec.  Char.^  Sfc.  Disk  of  leaf  ovate,  convex ;  footstalk  slightly  downy  at  the 
edges.  Anthers  ovate-arrow-shaped.  (Smiih.)  A  low  evergreen  tree.  Eu- 
rope; in  England,  on  Boxhill  in  Surrey,  Chequers  in  Buckinghamshire, 
and  other  places,  apparently  ^nld.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Flowers  whitish ; 
April  and  May.    Fruit  greenish ;  ripe  m  August. 

Varieties  and  Subvarieties. 

f  B.  s.  I  arboriseens  Mill.  Diet.  No.  1.  Buis  arborescent,  Fr. ;  hoch- 
stammige  Buchsbaum,  Ger.  —  Arborescent.  Leaves  ovate.  This  is 
the  most  common  form  of  the  species. 

1  B.  s.  a.  arffSntea  Hort.  —  Arborescent.    Leaves  ovate,  varie- 
gated with  a  silvery  colour. 
f  B.  i.  a.  a(area  Hort.  —  Arborescent.  Leaves  ovate,  varie^ted 

with  a  golden  colour. 
1  B. «.  a.  margindta  Hort.  —  Arborescent.     Leaf  ovate,  with  a 
margin  of  a  eolden  colour. 
fB.  s.  2  angusi^dtia  Mill.  Diet.    No.  2.  —  Arborescent.    Leaves  lan- 
ceolate. 

f  B.  s.  a.  variegata  Hort.  —  Arborescent.    Leaves  lanceolate, 
variegated. 


704  ARBORXTUlf   ET    FRUTICETUM  BRITAMNICUH. 

K  B.  «.  3  mffiTiHeiMa  Mill.  Diet.  No.  3.     B.  hilmilia 

Dod.  Perupt.  T8S. ;  B.   ■.   D^na   JV.  Du  Ham. 

i.  p.83.;  and  oar  fig.  1376.;  Buii  nain,  fiuii 

i  Bordures,  Buis  d'Artoii,  Buis  de  Hollaode, 

petit  Bull,  Fr,  ;  iirerch  Buchebaum,   Ger.  — 

Dwarf.     LeaTcs  Bmall,  oborate.     Tbia  is  thi 

kind   uiniall]i   cultivated    for    edginga  in   £u 

ropean  gardeni. 
M  B.  /.  4  xayrt^Sa  Lam.  Encjc. — Dwarf.    Leaves 

Email,  oblan^,  narrawuh.  A  pretty  little  plant ; 

gmerallf  quite  low,  but,  under  nTOurable  dr- 

cumitancea,  growing  to  a  considerable  size* 
la  a  wild  state,  the  bos  seldom  exceeds  the  beight  of  18  or  15  feet  in  Brr- 
tain  ;  but  in  Turiie;  and  Asia  REnor  trees  of  it  nave  been  found  as  bigh  aa 
£5  ft.  The  tbicknesa  of  the  trunk  ia  verj  considonblc  in  proportion  to  ita 
height,  and,  in  fiiU-grown  trees,  varies  from  6  in.  to  6  in.  in  diameter.  The  tree 
will  bear  the  knife  patienlJy,  and  ia  therefore,  and  from  the  ctoaeness  of  ita 
habit  of  growth,  well  adi^tM  for  clipped  hedges,  and  all  kinds  of  verdant  ar- 
chitecture and  statuary.  It  grows  slowly,  rwely  making  shoots  of  more  than 
fl  or  8  inches  annually.  But  the  tree  is  of  great  longevitj  ;  and  so  hardy, 
that  it  is  almost  the  only  evergreen,  exclusive  of  the  Conlfene,  that  will  stand 
in  the  open  air,  without  protection,  in  the  eardens  of  Paris,  Beriin,  and  Vt> 
enna.  The  wood  of  the  box  is  remarkably  neavf ;  wdghii^  when  newly  cut, 
60  lb.  7  oz.  per  cubic  foot,  and,  when  perfectly  dry,  68  lb.  IS  oz.  and  7  gr.  It 
is  the  only  European  wood  that  will  sink  in  water  :  it  is  yellow,  very  hard, 
and  susceptible  of  a  fine  polish.  The  wood  was  formerly  much  nsed  in  V-nf- 
land  in  cabinet-making  end  inlaying,  as  it  still  is  in  France ;  and,  also,  in  boUi 
countries,  for  musical  end  mathematical  instruments,  combs,  and  various  arti- 
cles of  tum^.  The  princifal  use  of  the  boxwood,  however,  at  present,  is  for 
wood-engTBving ;  and  for  ihia  purpose  it  is  an  important  article  of  commerce. 
The  different  kinds  of  box  tree  are  propagated  by  seeds,  cuttinga.  and  layers. 
When  the  seeds  are  to  be  sown,  they  should  be  ^thered  the  moment  the  cap- 
sules appear  ready  to  open,  and  sown  immediately  in  light  rich  earth,  well 
drained.  Cuttings  of  from  4  in.  to  6  in,  in  length  should  be  put  in,  in  autunm, 
in  a  sandy  soil,  and  a  shaded  situation,  and  in  a  year  thev  will  be  Gt  ti  ' 
plant  into  nursery  lines.  Layers  may  be  made  either  in  tnesprtnz  — 
and  either  of  the  young  or  old  wood.  The  dwarf  box  used  fc 
propagated  by  being  taken  up,  divided,  and 
r^unted.  Box  edgings  are  beat  planted 
early  in  spring,  beowse  the  frost  in  winter 
is  apt  to  destroy  those  leaves  which  have 
been  cut  in  trimming  the  plants.  Box 
edgings  and  hedges  may  be  clipped  at  al- 
most any  season,  except  midwinter.  Some  a 
gardeners  prefer  trimming  box  edgings  in  Q 
June,  just  when  the  plants  have  nearly 
completed  their  year's  shoots  ;  because  they 
will  afterwards  make  shoots  of  |  in,  or  1  in. 
in  length,  or,  at  all  events,  protrude  a  few  leaves,  and  thus,  in  a  wedt  or  two, 
conceiu  all  appearance  of  the  use  of  the  shears.  When  this  pnctice  is 
followed,  it  is  necessary  to  go  over  the  edgings  or  hedges  in  July,  m  order  to 
cut  neatly  off  with  the  knife  any  shoots  that  may  have  been  protruded  too  far ; 
taking  care  not  to  cut  the  leaves. 

I  S.  B.  balea'rica  WHM.     The  Balearic  Box. 

UtMyieatlim.    WIIU.  Arb.,  U.,  Sn.  PI,.  4.  p.  MT. ;  ?  Lun.  Bnerc.,  I.  p.NU. 

Stmil/ma.    B.Lnt.  r[iuUi  y.  On  On.  1.  p.  S3,  i  Minorca  Boil  Bui.  d>  lUnoiqiH.  BnU  da 

MttaoB,  Fr. ;  BalearlKber  Bodubaum,  Otr. ;  BoudId  (nulla,  Aal. 
fafroainft.    N.  Da  Han.,  pi.  St.  (  1. 1  ukI  ourjffi.  isn.  ud  im. 


LXV.    ARTOCA^RPEJB :    MO^RVSm 


705 


spec.  Char,,  if-r.    Disk  of  leaf  oblong ;  footstalk  glabrous.    Anthers  airow* 
shaped,  linear.  (^IViiid,)    An  eveigreen  tree;  in  England  a  ku^  shrub. 
Minorca,  Sardinia,  Corsica,  and  Turkey,  on  rocky  sur&ces.    Hei^t  80  ft. 
in  England  15  ft.  to  20  ft.    Introduced  in  1780.    Flowers  yellowish  green ; 
July.    Fruit  greenish  ;  ripe  in  October. 

A  very  handsome  species,  with  leaves  three  times  as 
large  as  mose  of  B.  sempervlrens,  and  a  straight  smooth 
trunk.  The  leaves,  when  the  plant  is  fully  exposed  to  the 
air,  are  of  a  much  paler  green  than  those  of  the  common 
box ;  but,  when  th^  are  in  the  shade,  thev  are  of  an 
intensely  deep  ereen.  The  wood  is  of  a  brighter  yellow 
than  that  or  the  common 
box,  and,  being  of  a  coarser 
grain,  it  is  inferior  to  it  for 
engraviiw  on.  It  is  im- 
ported from  Constantino- 
ple in  larg|e  quantities. 
The  plant  is  propaeated 
by  cuttings,  which,  if  placed 
in  sandy  soil  under  glass, 
or  in  heat,  generally  strike 

root  in  about  two  months  after  being  taken  off.     Cuttings  will  also  succeed,  if 

treated  like  those  of  the  common  box. 


1S7S.    B-baMrica. 


1879.    B.lMMflea. 


Order  LXV.     ARTOCA  RPE^E. 

Ord.  Char.  Flowers  unisexual,  disposed  in  heads  or  catkins;  perianth 
usually  divided,  but  sometimes  tubular  and  entire.  Stamens  solitary  or 
several.  Ovarium  free,  1 — 2-cel1ed.  Ovulum  orthotropous.  Sfyle  1.  Sterna 
bifid.  Fndl  a  sorosis.  Seeds  solitary.  Albumen  thm.  Radicle  superior. 
(G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  lobed,  ser- 
rated or  entire.  Flowers  axillary,  obscure.— -Trees,  deciduous,  chiefly  of 
the  middle  size ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  genera 
in  British  gardens  are  thus  contradistinguished : — 

Afo^RUS  Toum,    Flowers  monoecious.     Calyx  4-8epaled.     Stamens  4.    Fruit 

a  sorosis. 
BroussokeH'/ai  L'HAit.    Flowers  dicecious.    Calyx  4-parted.     Stamens  4. 

Stigmas  tapering.    Fruit  a  sorosis. 
MACLU^Rii  Sutt.    Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  4-parted.     Stamens  4.    Fruit 

a  sorosis. 
J^'cus  Tottm.    Flowers  polygamous.    Calyx  5-cIeft.     Stamens  3.     Stigmas 

2.    Fruit  a  sycon. 
BoniY^  Willd.    Flowers  dioecious.     Calyx  4-cleft.     Stamens  2—3.    Stigmas 
capitate.    Fruit  pulpy. 

Genus  L 


IfjlfJ 


lUI 


iWO*RUS  Toum.  The  Mulbbrry  Tree.    Lm.  Syst.  Monoe'cia  TetrAndria. 


Ueuii^eaiiom.    Toum. ;  WUld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  868. 
Jmmmmvwv.    MCkrIer,  Fr. ;  ICaulMere,  Qer. :  Moro»  lial. 
Deri9aHim.    " " 


ftvn  the  Greek  word  morem^  or  monm,  signifying  a 

Z   Z 


ilberry 


ARBORETIJH    BT  FBUTICETUH  BRITANNICUH. 


4  eirl,  E.  Smith  « 


"ShS'S 


Gen.  Ciar.,  Jjv.  Flouxri  unisexual,  mosll;  monfEciouB,  in  some  duBdous  or 
polyKamous.  —  MaJefyweri  in  sxiUarj  spikes.  Cafyr  a(  i  equai  sepals. 
Imbricate  in  eestivation,  expanded  in  flowering.  Slamau  4.  Female 
fiowen.  CtUyx  of  4  leaves,  in  opponte  pairs,  tbe  outer  pair  the  larg^,  all 
upright  and  persistent,  becoming  pulpy  and  juicv.  Slament  2,  long.  (G. 
Don.) 

Leaeet  umple,  alternate,  esstipulate,  dedduous  ;  large,  mostly  lobed  and 
rough.  Fiottert  greenish  white.  Frait  the  asgr^ate  of  the  ovary  and  the 
calyxes,  constituting  what  is  termed  a  niiilbeiTy.  —  Trees,  deciduous  j 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  I^opagated  by  cuttings  or 
layers,  or  by  large  truncheons,  in  good  soil. 
The  leaves  of  all  the  species  will  serve  to  nourish  the  silkworm  ;  but  M. 

ilba,  and  its  varieties,  are  considered  much  the  best  for  this  puqMse. 

X   1.  JIf.Nt'aRA  Por.     Tbe  black/ruitot^  or  connion,  Mulberry. 

lienl^kaam.    Polr.  Bht.  MtUl.,  4.  p.  sn. !  Lin.  Sp.  PL,  IWS  1  WMLil.  Sp.  n.,  t.  p.  im. 

SKtonvmet.    Mbmi  Doi.  Pempt.  IkO.:  M-  fVdccu  tilKro  BomA.  Pm,  4S9, 

jTivniiiivi,    Dwd.Brll,l.  lib.  iN.DuIlmin.,4.  t.ai.i  t)i«pluelD  Aita,  Brit.,  lit  nUL.TDl.iU.; 

Ud  out  A.  IMO. 

spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Sexes  moncecious,  sometimes  ditecious.  Leaves  heart- 
shaped,  bluntish,  or  slightly  lobed  with  about  a  lobes ;  toothed  with  unequal 
teelh,  rough.  (  WUId.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Persia.  Height  SO  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Introduced  in  1548.  Flowers  greenish  white  ;  June.  Fruit  oblong,  red 
or  black  ;  ripe  in  August. 

)  H.  ti.  S  laeimdla  Mill.  Diet.  No.  S.  has  the  leaves  jagged  rather  than  cut. 

In  Britain,  the  common  mulberry  always  assumes  something  of  a  dwarf  or 

stunted  character,  spreading  into  very   thick  arms,   or  branches,  near  the 


RTouDd,  and  forming  an  extremely  la^  head.    It  is  a  tree  of  very  great 
durability  ;  the  trees  at  Syon  bang  said  to  be  300  years  old,  and  aoiae  at 


Lxv.  artoca'rpek  :  aro^RUB. 


of  but 

little  value  in  France,  except  for  firewood :  it  is  less  compact  than  even  chat 
of  the  white  inulberrv  ;  and  weighs  onlf  40  lb.  Toz.  the  cubic  foot  Cattle 
eat  the  lesves,  «k1  all  kinds  of  poultry  are  very  fond  of  the  fruit.  SilkworniB 
feed  on  the  leaves  in  Persia,  but  iu  cold  climBtes  the;  are  considered  unsuit- 
able for  them.  In  England,  the  fruit  is  generally  eaten  at  the  dessert;  and 
it  is  considered  of  a  cooling  aperient  nature  when  ripe.  The  tree  will  grow  in 
almost  any  soil  or  situation  that  is  tolerably  dry,  and  in  any  climate  not  much 
colder  than  that  of  London.  North  of  York,  it  generally  require*  a  wall.  It 
is  very  easily  propagated  by  truncheons  or  pieces  of  branches,  8  or  9  feet  in 
length,  and  of  any  thickness,  being  planted  half  their  depth  in  toler^ly  good 
■oil;  when  they  will  bear  fruit  the  following ^ear.  Evoy  part  of  the  root, 
trunk,  boughs,  and  branches  may  be  turned  uto  plants  by  separation:  the 
«nall  shoots,  or  spray,  and  tbe  small  roots,  being  made  into  cuttings  ;  the  large 
shoots  into  stakes  ;  the  arms  into  truncheons;  and  the  trunk,  stool,  and  roots 
being  cut  into  fragments,  leaving  a  portion  of  the  bark  on  each. 

1  S.  M.  a'lba  L.    Tbe  wbite:/riitte<j  Mulberry  Tree. 

UnttfraUim.    LID.  Hon.  CIW,44I. ;  W1IM.  Sp.  Fl.l.p.aw.j  N.  DaHim^l.p.fT. 
AmawHH.     V.  cAndldM  Sod.  FrmpI,  i\0.  ;  M.  [llictu  tXto  Bami.  Piit.  tl6. 1  M.  ilbl  ftlKta  mlDOIi 

•Ibo  liuuLu  Dw  Ham.  Ari.  1.  p.  it. 
Emrrawititi.    T.  Hch  ib  Bmbeck  0«.  PI.  F1,  Gtm.,  bic.  1.  Vo,  S.  f.  1— «.,  th*  mil*;  ilie 

plUe  hi  Arb.  Bllt.,  lit  nVt.,  to),  ill. ;  uid  ourjlf.  ISSl. 

^>ec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  with  a  deep  scallop  at  the  base,  and  either  heart- 
shaped  or  ovate,  undivided  or  tobed,  serrated  with  unequal  teeth,  glossy, 
or  at  least  Kmuothish ;  the  projecting  portions  on  the  two  sides  of  the 
basal  sinus  unequal.  llViUd.)  A  deciduous  tree.  China.  Height 20 ft. 
to  30  ft.  introduced  in  1596.  Flowers  greenish  white;  Hay.  Fruit  white  or 
pale  red  ;  ripe  ui  September. 
Tanetirt. 

t  «   M.  a.  2   attdticam  Petrottet   in 

Ann.  de  la  Soc.  Lin.  de  Paris  Mai 

)8S4  p.  129.,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ; 

M.  tatirica  Deif.,  but  not  of  Lin.  / 

or  Pall.;   M.  bnWit^  Balbii ;    MA 

cucull&ta   HotI.  i      Chinese    black  I 

Mulberry,   AneT.  ;   Perrottet  Mill-  ' 

berry ;  Diany-stslked  Mulberry;  UO- 

rier  Perrottet,  Fr. ;  Mflrier  k  Tiges 

nombreuses,  HArierdes  Philippines, 

Ann.  del  Sci.  i.  p.  336.  pi.  3.  ;  and 

our  ;^.  1361.1  Moro   delte   fllip- 

tine,   Ila/. — Considered,  both    in  ^^^   g  ,  imiimiii 

taly  and  France,  es  by  far  the  best 
variety  for  cultivation  as  food  br  the  silkworm. 

I  M.  a.  3  Morellikna  HoH^  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1838.  Dandolo's  Mulberry. 
—  Fruit  black  and  vei^  large.  Leaves  perfectly  flat,  deep  green, 
shining,  thin,  and  perfectly  smooth  on  both  surfaces.  Its  leaves 
rank  next  to  those  of  M.  a.  multicalilis  as  food  for  silkworms. 

X  M.  a.  4  macnjAylla  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  IBSe.  M.  a.  latilSlia  Hort. ;  M. 
hispfinica  Hurt.;  Milrier  d'Espegne,  Feuille  d'Bqugne,  fV-.  — This 
vanety  produces  strong  and  vigorous  shoots,  and  large  leaves,  some- 
times measuring  6  in.  long,  and  6  in.  broad,  resembling  in  form  those 
of  .Af.  nigra,  but  smooth,  glossy,  and  succulent. 

5  M.  a,  Sromdna  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1838.  Af .  a.  ovalifftlia;  Mflrier  re- 
main. Ft,  —Bears  a  close  reeemblance  to  the  above  sort. 

t  M.  a.  6  nendia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  18S6.    M.  nervdoi  .Bon  Jard.   1836, 
Z  Z  S 


708  ARBORETUM    ET  FRVTICETUH  BRITANNICUM. 

M.  subUba   nerrdaa  HoH.  —  Leaves  strongly  marked  with   thick 

white  nerves  on  the  under  side. 
1  M.  a.  7  ila&ca  Hort.    M.  IM&ct.   Lodd.   Cat.    ed.   1636. —  Leaves 

labed.     The  plant  beariog  this  name  io  the  Jardin  des  PEantea  has 

the  sod  wood,  or  cambiuin,  of  the  current  year's  shoots  <^a  deep 

red,  when  the  berk  is  removed. 
t   M.n.SroKU  Hort,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  The  small  white  Hulbeny; 

H<irier  rose,  Feuille  rose,  Fr,  —  One  of  the  kinds  called  in  Prance 

a  wild  variety. 
T  M.  a.  9  columhina   Lodd.   Cat.  ed.    1836.     Columba,   i^.— Small 

delicate  leaves,  and  flexible  branches. 
I  M.  a.  10  menArtcnacea  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.   Marier  k  Fea'dle  de  Par- 

chemin,  Fr.  —  Large,  thin,  dry  leaves. 
1  M.  a.  II  dnemu  Hart.     M.  sinensis  Hart. ;  M.  chin^ons  Ijodd.  Col. 

ed.   1836;    the  Chinese   white  Mulberry,  Amer.  —  A  large-leaved 

•  M-n.  IS  pimila  Sow.  ?    M,  a.  n&na  HaH.  BrU.  —  A  shrub,  iddom 
exceeding  10  ft.  high. 

Olher  Varietiet.  All  the  above  sorts  are  in  the  arboretum  of  Hesirs. 
Loddiges ;  but  in  the  catalogues  of  foreign  nurserymen  there  are  several 
other  namei,  most  of  which  will  be  found  enumerated  and  described  b  oar 
1M  edition,  including  AT.  constantinopolitina  Par.  (Af.  hyiantlna  5M.), 
which  we  believe  to  be  nothing  more  than  a  rather  distinct  variety  of  JIf.ilba. 


The  white  mulberry  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  black,  evm  in  winter, 
by  its  more  numerous,  slender,  upright-growing,  and  white-barked  ahootn.  It 
is  a  tree  of  much  more  rapid  growth  than  M.  nigra,  and  its  leaves  are  not 
only  lesa  rough  and  more  succulent,  but  they  contain  more  of  the  glutinous 
milky  substance  resembling  caoutchouc,  which  gives  tenacity  to  the  K'dk  pro- 
duced by  the  worniB  fed  on  them.  The  rate  of  growth  of  youn^  plants  is 
much  more  rapid  than  that  of  3f.  nigra ;  plants  cut  down  produciac  shoots 
4  or  5  feet  long  in  one  season  ;  the  tree  attaining  the  height  of  iOtL  in  five 
or  six  years ;  and,  when  full  grown,  reaching  to  30  or  40  feet.  Its  duration 
is  not  so  great  as  that  of  M.  nigra.     The  wh:te  mulbeny  is  more  tender  than 


LXV.    ART0CA'BP££  :    JfO^RUS.  70D 

JIfdruB  nigra,  and  requires  more  care  in  chooEJng  a  utuetion  for  it.  CalcarC' 
ous  soil  ia  said  to  produce  ttic  beat  silic;  and  humid  BitustionB,  or  where  the 
roots  of  the  tree  can  have  access  to  water,  the  yiont.  A  gravell^r  or  aaady 
loam  is  very  suitable ;  and  trees  grotrn  oa  hiljj  surTace*,  and  poor  soils,  always 
(iroduce  superior  silk  to  those  grown  in  valleys,  and  in  rich  soils.  The  tree  is 
propagated  by  seeds  (sown  as  soon  as  they  arc  gathered],  cuttings,  layers, 
aiid  graftiog. 

1  3.  AT.  (a.)  TATi'iiic*  PaU.     The  Tartarian  Mulberry  Tree. 

A/nf rftntiM.    PalL  FL  Bou.,  t.  p.  9.  X. 
U. ,  Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  IS». ;  ff  luS.  Sp. 

£,Vr"AV'.    r^l-  Fl-  RDM.,  t  LM.)    i 
and  Ddr  jig.  Itn. ;  boUi  iprisi  Ukm 

Spec.  Chctr^  if-c     Leaves  with 

a  shallow  scallop  at  the  base, 

and  eilh  er  heart-shaped,  ovate, 

or  lobed  ;  serrated  with  equal  1 

teeth,  smooth  ;  the  projecting  ' 

portions    beside    the    sinus 

equal.  {WiiU.)     A  tree  re- 
sembling M.    6lba  £.,  and 

perhaps  only  a  gec^raphical 

variety  of  that  species.  On  the  1 

banks   of  the   rivers   Wolga 

and  Tanais,  or  Don.    Height 

soft.     Introduced  in   1764, 

Flowersgreenishwhite;  June,  '■»■   «.(•■)  lairt™. 

Fruit  radish   or  pale,  of  no  good  flavoilk',   though   it   is   eaten   raw   in 

Tarlary,  m  well  as  dried,  or  made  into  a  sweetoteat ;  ripe  in  September. 
I  4.  M.  bu'bra  L.     The  Ted-frialed  Mulberry  Tree. 
Maigtariltoiib    Llo.  Sp.  H-,  IW.  t  piinta  S^,  &  p.  ON. )  N.  Ihi  Hsm.,  <.  p.  91. 


710  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Suntm^met.     M.  Tirgfalca  Pluk,  Aim.  p.  863. ;  M.  peniuylT4iiioa  Noit,  Arb.  Pi'tdt. 
Engraving*.    Wangenh.  Amer.,  t.  IS.  f.  35. ;  the  plate  In  Arb.  Brit.,  Itt  edit,  toL  t11.  ;  and  our 
A.  1884! 

Spec,  Ckar,^  i^c.  Sexes  polygamous  or  dioecious.  Spikes  of  female  flowers 
cvlindrical.  Catkins  of  male  flowers  of  the  length  of  those  of  J^etula  ^ba 
Z.  Leaves  heart-shaped,  ovate,  acuminate,  d-lobed  or  palmate ;  serrated 
with  equal  teeth,  rougn,  somewhat  villous ;  under  surface  very  tomentose, 
and,  in  consequence,  soft;.  (JilUd,)  A  deciduous  tree.  Canada  to  Florida. 
Height  40  ft.  to  70  ft.  Introduced  in  1629.  Flowers  greenish  yellow ; 
July.    Fruit  long,  red,  and  pleasantly  tasted  ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieiy, 

It  M,  r.  2  scdbra.  M,  scabra  JVUld,,  Nutt,;  Af.  canadensis  Potr. 
Lerni,  Diet  4.  p.  380.  —  Leaves  rough  on  both  surfaces.  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Crardens. 

Very  distinct  from  any  of  the  preceding  species,  in  the  spreading  umbel- 
liferous appearance  of  tHe  branches,  and  tne  flat,  heart-shaped,  very  rough- 
surfaced  leaves,  which  are  almost  always  entire,  but  which,  nevertheless,  are 
occasionally  found  as  much  lobed  and  cut  as  those  of  any  other  of  the  genus. 
As  a  tree  ornamental  from  its  ver^  singular  form,  it  deserves  a  place  in  every 
pleasure-ground ;  and  it  is  particulany  adapted  for  giving  interest  to  the 
scenery  of  a  suburban  garden. 

Genus IL 


^ 


[Ml 


BR0USS0N£'T/>4  Vent.   The  Broussonetu.    Lin.  Syii.  Dioe'cia 

Tetr&ndria. 

IdentifkatUm.    Vent.  Tabl.  du  Rdgne  Vig^t,  3.  p.  M7. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4  p.  743. 
SvnonifmeM.    Af5rus  Siba  Kempf.,  Lin. ;  Papj^rua  Encffc.  Bat.  S.  p.  ft.,  Lam.  III.  Oen.  t.  768. 
Dertvation.    Named  in  honour  of  P.  N.  V.  Jsro¥$9<met,  a  French  naturalltt,  who  wrote  numeroos 
works  on  natural  history. 

Gen.  Char.  Flowers  unisexual,  dioecious. — Maleflou)er$  in  pendulous  cylindrical 
catkins  ;  each  flower  in  the  axil  of  a  bractea.  CeUyx  shortly  tubtuar,  then 
4-parted.  Stamens  4,  elastic.  —  Female  flowers  in  peduncled,  axillary,  up- 
right, globular  heads.  Calyx  tubular,  its  tip  with  3--4  teeth.  Style  lateral. 
Stigma  taper.  Frtdi  club-shaped,  consisting  of  the  integument  in  which  the 
ovary  was  enclosed,  and  now  become  veryjuicv;  and  of  a  1 -seeded  oval 
utricle,  with  a  crustaceous  integument,  and  enclosed  within  the  juicy  inte- 
gument. {G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  lobed  variously  or  en- 
tire, hairy,  large.  Flowers  greenish,  axillary. — Tree,  deciduous;  native -of 
Japan  and  the  Pacific  Isles ;  culture  as  in  the  mulberry. 

A  1.  B.  PAPTRi^FERA  Vent.    The  Paper-bearing  BrouBsonetia,  or  Paper 

Mulberry. 

Identification.    Vent.  Tabl.  du  Eigne  V«gft.,  3.  p.  547.  ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  743. 

Sjtnon^me.    MbTVi%  papyrifera  Lin.  Sp.  PL  1889. 

The  Sexes.    Both  the  male  and  female  plants  are  in  the  Horticultural  SocletT'i  Garden,  and  in  the 

arboretum  of  Messrs.  Loddiges. 
Engravings.    N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  7. ;  the  plate  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  toI.  tU.  j  and  our  Jig.  IBM. 

S^c.  Char.,  ^c.  See  Gen.  Char.  A  deciduous  low  tree  or  large  shrub. 
China,  Japan,  and  the  South  Sea  Islands.  Height  10  f^.  to  20  ft  Intro- 
duced in  1751.  Flowers  ^enish  white ;  May.  Fruit  oblong,  dark  scarlet, 
and  sweet,  but  rather  insipid  ;  ripe  in  August. 

Varieties. 

m  B.p.  2  cucuUata.    B.  cucullita  Bon  Jard.  1833  p.  919. ;  B.  spatulata 
Hort.  Brit. ;  B.  navicularis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  A  sport,  found  on 


Lxv.  abtoca'bpes:  maclu'bj. 


I,  Uke  the  hood  of  a  Capuchin,  or  the  aides  of  a  boat. 
•  B.  p.  &  jrieta  Mbc—Tnut  white. 
A  Ter;  nngular  tree,  from  the  greet  Tuiation  in  (he  fonn  of  ita  lenrcs,  and 
also  from  its  flowere  and  fruit.     In  seoeral  aapect  it  hai  the  appearance  of  > 
■nutberry,  but  it  la  lesa  hard;  than  Uie  apeciea  of  that  genua. 

Genus  III. 


MACLU'IU  Nutt.     The  Maclur*.     Lm.  Syit.    Dioecia  Tetrfindri. 

IdtmtptaUim.    Nutl,  C«i.  N.  Amer.  PUnU,  »,  p.  va.  i  Lhkdl,  Nu.  Bm.  at  Bot.,  p.  ITS. 
Sfmiigmr.    Ttaflon  n«t>i<(tw  In  1«1).  Card.  JVw.tdI.  r"'   -  -"  ' 
OtTimiiUm.    NiiBHl  br  Nntlill,  In  boDpiir  olWiaiamll 


•n.  £■).,  vl  lb*  UBlud  » 


Gen.  Char.  FloofTi  linisexual,  ditEcioua. — Matejtotvert  in  a  racemoae  panicle, 
Cah/i  4-parted.  Slameru  i,  or  S. —  Female  floineri  closely  aggregate  upon 
an  axis,  end  forming  a  glotnilar  head  that  ia  boroe  upon  a  short  axillary  pe- 
duncle. C^fyt  oblong,  urceolar,  apparently  with  4  lobea  at  the  tip.  Sl;^ 
threod-ahaped,  downy,  protruded  nearly  an  inch  beyond  the  cBlyx.  Fftat 
an  acheniuin  about  {  in.  long,  compreased,  with  the  tip  blunt.  (G.  Don.) 

Laaxg  ainiple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduoua ;  ovate,  entire.  Floacrt 
■mall,  yellow,  —  Tree,  deciduous  ;  natlTe  of  North  America  ;  with  a  fruit  as 
large  aa  an  orange,  and  when  ripe  of  the  same  colour ;  propagated  b;  layers, 
cuttinga  of  the  roola,  or  grafting  on  the  common  mulberry. 


ffwrov^fi.    Appeodlx  to  Lambert^l  HiHHw.aD 
vuchota  UMliiiialiaown'.HMlttbeiulei  tfa 


u  PIniuL  ».  p.  ai.  '^JJi'JJ^J^  ^ 


712 


ARBORETUSf  ET   FR0TICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


fertile  soils.  Height  30  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced 
in  1618.  Flowers  yellowish  green  ;  June.  Fruit 
resembling  a  lai^  Seville  orange ;  ripe  in  October. 
Neither  flowers  nor  fruit  have  yet  been  produced 
in  England. 

The  leaves  are  ovate  acuminate,  of  a  bright 
shinine  green,  broad,  with  a  cuspidate  point,  3  or 
3 1  inches  long,  and  aibout  2  in.  broad.  The  petiole 
is  often  1  in.  long.  The  spines  are  simple,  rather 
strong,  about  1  in.  in  lengtn,  and  produced  in  the 
axils  of  the  leaves.  The  fruit,  when  ripe,  is  of  a 
golden  colour,  and  on  the  tree  has  a  splendid  appear- 
ance ;  but,  though  eatable,  it  does  not  appear  to  be 
any  where  used  for  human  food.  The  woNod  is  of  a 
bright  yellow,  very  fine-grained,  elastic,  and  on  that 
account  used  by  tne  southern  tribes  of  the  Ajnerican 
Indians  for  bows. 


1386.   M. 


Genus  IV. 


FrCUS  Toum.    The  Fig  Tree.    Lin,  SytL  Polygamia  Dice'cia. 

UeniificaHtm.    Tourn. ;  T.  Nem  ab  Etenbeck  Oen.  Fl.  Fl.  Germ.,  fuc  S. ;  Wllld.  8p.  Fl.,  4. 

p.  1181. 
&unonffrHe$,    Flguier,  A*. ;  Feigenbaum,  Oer.  \  Floo,  liai. 
DeriwUion.    Some  derire  Fleu*  from  fateumiiu,  on  aoooant  of  iU  abondant  bearing ;  and  oUi«» 

from  tukoM  (Greek),  or  fag  (Hebrew),  Uie  names  for  tbe  flg  tree  in  thote  languagee.    The  fig  tree 

has  nearly  the  lame  name  in  all  the  European  languagea. 

Gen,  Char,  Flowers  monoecious,  inserted  upon  the  interior  surface  of  a  hol^ 
low  globular  or  pear<4haped  fleshy  receptacle,  in  whose  tip  is  an  orifice 
closed  with  small  scales ;  those  in  the  upper  part  male,  the  rest  female. 
— Malejlowers.  Calyx  3-parted.  Stamew  3. — Female  Jhwert,  Calyx  5-cleft. 
Sltgmas  2,    FruU  a  utricle.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  lobed.  Stipules  large,  con- 
volute. Flowers  within  the  fruit.  —  Tree,  deciduous  ;  native  of  the  South 
of  Europe  and  Asia  ;  sap  milky;  cuttings  in  good  soil. 

f  }.  F,  Ca^rica  L,    The comnum  Fig  Tree. 

Identifieatitm.    Ltn.  8p.,  1618. ;  Wflld.  Sp.,  4.  p.  1181.  ;  N.  Do  Ham.,  4.  p.  198. 

^fnonymcM.    F.  conmiunis  Bauh.  Pin.  457.  i  Jr.  hilmilii  and  F.  sy Irittrii  T»um,  Inst.  G63. ;  Fl- 

guier  commun,  Fr.  i  gemeine  Feigenbaum,  Oer. 
Engravingt.    N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  S8. ;  the  plate  of  tbb  tr^  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  tU.  ;  and  oar 

S^ec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  palmate  and  subtrilobate ;  rough  above,  pubescent 
beneath.  ( WiUd,)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Asia,  on  the  sea  coast.  Hd^t 
15  ft.  to  30  ft.  Cultivated  in  Britain  from  time  immemorial.;  and  ripenmg 
its  fruit  against  walls,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  the  month  of  September. 

Varieties,  Botanically,  the  common  fi^  may  be  considered  as  existing  in  three 
difl^erent  states :  —  1.  Wild,  in  which  the  leaves  are  comparatively  small, 
and  not  much  cut ;  and  the  fruit  small,  and  sometimes  blue  and  sometimes 
white.  8.  Cultivated,  with  very  large  leaves,  very  deeply  cut,  such  as  the 
Blue  Ischia  and  the  Brunswick  fie,  and  other  sorts;  the  fruit  of  some  of 
which  is  white,  and  of  others  dark.  3.  Cultivated,  with  very  laree  leaves, 
not  much  cut,  as  the  White  Marseilles  fig,  and  others  with  fruit  of  different 
colours.  Those  who  are  disposed  to  go  ftirther  may  form  three  subvarieties 
under  each  of  these  heads,  according  as  the  fruit  is  blue  or  black,  red  or 
purple,  yellow,  white,  or  green.     The  garden  varieties  are  y^ry  numerous  ; 


Lxv.  artoca'rpex  :  bo'ry^. 


for  nrhicb,  and  their  treHliDent,  see  the  Emyc.  of  Gard.,  and  the  Sitburbati 

Genus  V, 


BO'RY'f  W.     Tbb  Borta.     Lm.  Syil.  Dicc'cia  Di-Tri&ndria. 

..      .IcUOm.    WilW.Bp.IT,4.p.Jll.i  A1tHort,Kew.,ed.S.,iolBL 
S-mt-tma.    AdMKM.'t^.  ri.  Bur.  rfmfT.Lp.BS.  I  BigiltHi^  ^l[h  Id  ««■-■  Crdgr.  A< 
DrriMiom.    Numsl  Id  bonour  Df  Borf  i<c  f(.  ymcall,  vbo  TlilUd  tb«  MlurtUui  and  th. 
-       ■  J-  ..."  p,.,  (yj^^ita. 


^rSmlth,  in  R«Vi>cJninlAi.  <)ta)Mi  (o  tile  nunii  of  Bi'ira 
Lp^tcduj  tliliBcniu,b«CAiu«  La  BLIIudltn  bad  prttbHiiLv  ^iTea  thv  hid«  duhf  Eo  uothvr 


Biiila>  dCBmidd,  uiboiortBt  nimila  AulcMJnutt,  ud  o( 
ft™,  Cior.,  ifc  FUnixTi  unisexuBl,  ditecious. — Male  fiouxrt,  Calvx  minute, 
in  4  deep  sepnentB.  Slamem  2 — 3. — Female  Jtowtri.  Calyx  inferior,  iii 
4  deep  segmentB,  deciduoui.  Style  abort.  Stigma  capitate,  depreaeed. 
Fruit  pulpy,  o»al,  oblong.  (C.  Don.) 

Leavei  simple,  opjwsite,  or  nearly  so,  eiatipulate,  deciduoug  ;  entire. 
Floweri  axillary,  faicicled,  bracteeted,  minute'  —  Shrubs,  deciduous,  natives 
of  North  America,  with  the  aspect  of  the  common  privet.  Propagated  by 
cuttings,  and  quite  hardy. 

•  I.  B.  zjou'sTRiNA  Willd.    The  Privet-like  Borya. 

MnMiaUim.    WlLld.  Hp.  PI..  4  p.  Til.  i  AM.  BOTt.  Kni..ail.  1.,  TaL  S. 

S^mif^n.     AdtlK  flfEMrlu  liicki.  pL  Bar.  Amer.  t.  p.  IM. ;  BlgMrta  fl«llltrliu  SmM  la 

Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.  In  habit  and  lesTes  somewhat  resembling  l.ig(istnim  viiU 
gitre  L.  Leaves  with  very  short  petioles,  and  disks  that  are  lanceolate* 
oblong,  entire,  somewhat  membranous.  Fruit  rather  shortly  orate.  (A/iitAt.) 
An  erect  deciduous  shrub.  North  America,  in  thickets  about  rivers,  in  the 
countries  of  the  Illinois,  Tennessee,  &c.  Height  5ft.  to  10ft.  Inlrod.  1818. 
Flowers  greenish ;  July  and    August. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FftUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


for  LiguBtruiD,    FonUiaiaia, 


m  2.  B.  (?  £.)  ACUMINATA  WUid.    The 
leaved  Borya. 

UnUMcaAM.     WUliL  Sl>.  FL,  4.  p.  711.1  AU.  Holt.  Ke>.,  gd. 
Srw^**"!.     Ad«lli  uumliAtE  »fcAi.  Ft.  Bar.  Amrr.  1.   p.  1 


lor.  Amor.,  3.  t.  S8.  i  u4  ourJ(f.  '»»■ 
i^rc.  CAoT.,  ^c.      Leaves   mcm- 

brEuiouB,  lanceolate  in  almost 

a  rhombic  manner;  but  most 

tapered  to  the  outward  end  ; 

l^in.  long,   semilBte.       Male 

flowers  several  togetber  in  smelt 

seisile  tufts,  encompassed  with 

several   ovate   bracteas.      Fe-       !„«.  B.njMriu. 

male  flowers  stalkedi  rery  small. 

Fruit  pendulous,  elliptic-obiong,  nearly   I  in.  iong 

before  it  is  ripe,  tapered  to  tne  tip  in  a  beak-libe 

manner.      It  apneers  that  the  taper  lateral  branches 

form  Bometbing  like  thorns.  (J^cAf.)   Carolina  and 

Georgia.     An  erect  shrub,  on  the  banks  of  rivers. 

Height  S  f^.  to  10  It  Introd.  1818.  Flowers  greenish. 

The  only  difference  which  we  can  observe  between 
B.  aciuninata  and  B.  /igustrina  is,  that  the  former 
baa  the  leaves  of  a  paler  green,  and  much  larger. 
The  plant  1>eara  a  general  resemblance  to  a  privet, 
or  B  lurge  Persian  lilac. 


L   IVilld.     The  Pore-Hie-dotled-leaved  Borya. 


■  3.  B.  (L.)  Po 

.    WllW.  SB , ,  , 

AcUllnnirultiH  Mldu.  Fl.  Bar.  Amir.  1.  p.  IM^  B^Vnla  poniliu  . 

TV  Strtt.    UncprUlii  wMi:!!  <■  In  Engluid. 

fnp-aDh^i.     Ourj^.  1190.  troin  iinwclinRi  In  IheBrltllb 

^per.  Char,,  ij-c.  Leaves  coriaceous,  sessile, 
ianceolately  ovate,  but  with  a  blunt  point, 
entire)  the  lateral  edges  revolute  ;  under 
surhce  rather  rusty,  and  punctured  with 
little  holes.  (MiiAx.)     A  shrub,  like  the 

S receding   kinds.      Georgia   and  Florida. 
ntroducedin  1806. 
The  plants  in  the  collection   of  Messrs. 
Loddiges  differ  from  B.  igustrina  chiefly  in 
•.  the  leaves  being  shorter. 


Order  LXVl.  £7LMA-CE^. 
Oao.  Char.  Flowert  pedicellate,  hermaphrodite  or  polygamous,  coUected  into 
loose  small  heads.  Perimtth  free,  6-lobed.  Stametu  5,  opposite  the  lobes. 
Ovariam  solitarv.  Stigtnai  2.  Fndt  indehisceni,  8-eelIed,  membranous,  cotn- 
presaed,  winged.  Seed  solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous.  Albumen  ntme.  {G. 
Doa.) 

Leaoei  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  dedduoua  ;  serrated  or  entire.  Flowert 
axillary,  on  short  peduncles,  small.  —  Trees,  deciduous,  chiefly  of  large 
size  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America;  included  in  three  gei>ei>, 
which  are  thus  contradistinguished :  — 


Lxvi.  ulma^'ceje:  u'lmvs*  715 

C/^^LHUs  L.    Flowers  polygamous.    Fruit  a  samara. 
Pla'nervI  Gmelin.    Flowers  polygamous.     Fruit  dry. 
Cb'ltis  Toum,    Flowers  polygamous.    Fruit  a  drupe. 

Genus  I. 


U'LMVS  L.    The  Elm.    Lm.  Syst  Pent&ndria  Dig^nia. 

Meniifieatitm,    IJn.  Gen.,  1S3. ;  Sin.  Engl.  Fl.,  9.  p.  1,  t.  and  19. 

^momffmet.    Onne,  Fr. ;  Ulm,  or  ROster,  €ter.  \  Olmo,  lud. 

Derivation.  E/lmus  Is  luppowd  to  be  derived  from  the  Saxon  word  dm,  or  w/m ;  a  name  which  it 
applied,  with  Terj  tlight  alteration*,  to  thli  tree,  in  all  the  dialects  of  Uie  Celtic  tongue.  Ulm  it 
•till  one  of  the  Gennan  names  for  the  elm  ;  and  the  titf  of  Ulm  is  said  to  derire  its  name  iyom 
the  great  number  of  elm  trees  that  are  growing  near  it.  There  are  abore  forty  places  in  England 
mentioned  in  the  Doonuday-Book^  which  take  their  names  flrom  that  of  the  eun ;  such  as  Bam 
Elms,  Nine  Elms,  &c. 

Gen,  Char,^  ^c.  Flowers  in  lateral  groups,  proceeding  from  peculiar  buds, 
and  protnided  before  the  leaves  ;  bisexual ;  monoecious.  Calyx  reddish, 
distinct  from  the  ovary,  top-shaped  or  bell-shaped,  of  one  piece,  but  having 
5  or  1  6  segments,  which  imbricate  in  aestivation ;  remaining  until  the 
fruit  fells.  Stamens  ta  many  as  the  segments.  Style  short  or  wanting. 
Stigmas  2,  acuminate.  Fndt  a  samara,  with  a  membranous  wing.  (G.  DonA 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrate,  feather-nervecl, 
harsh  to  the  touch,  generally  unequal  at  the  base.  Flowers  small,  whitish 
or  reddish.  Decaying  leaves  rich  yellow.  —  Trees,  deciduous  ;  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  species  are  propagated  by  seeds, 
and  the  varieties  by  grafting. 

The  elm  is  remarkable  for  the  aptitude  of  the  different  species  to  var^  from 
seed  ;  so  much  so  that  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  say,  in  this  genus,  which  are 
species  and  which  are  varieties ;  or  even  to  what  species  the  varieties  belong. 
To  us  it  appears,  that  there  are  only  two  British  sorts  which  are  truly  distinct ; 
viz.  U,  campestris  and  U,  montlina.  U,  americana,  and,  perhaps,  some 
other  of  the  American  species  may  also  be  distinct.  Great  attention  has  been 
paid  to  this  genus  by  Mr.  Masters  of  Canterbury,  who  has  raised  many  sorts, 
both  from  American  and  European  seeds,  and  whose  collection  will  be  found 
described  in  the  Ist  edition  of  this  work,  and  in  the  Gard,  Mag,  vol.  xiii. 
p.  28.  U,  glabra  and  U,  mi^jor  seem  intermediate  between  U,  camp^tris 
and  U,  montana.  U,  effusa  appears  very  distinct ;  but  is  probably  only  a 
variety  of  U.  campestris.  Of  all  the  numerous  varieties  which  may  be  pro- 
cured in  British  nurseries,  the  best  kinds  for  cultivation  for  their  timber 
appear  to  be,  the  Huntingdon  elm  (  U,  m.  glabra  vegeta),  and  the  Wych  elm 
( U,  montana)  ;  and  for  ornament  the  weeping  elm  ( U.  montana  p^ndula), 
the  sub-everereen  elm  ((7.  campestris  virens),  and  the  twiggy  elm  ^U.  cam- 
pestris viminalis).  The  sucker-bearing  elms  are  chiefly  the  varieties  of  U, 
campestris,  and  these  seldom  produce  seeds ;  but  U.  montana,  and  U.  m. 
glabra,  and  their  varieties,  which  never  throw  up  suckers,  produce  seeds  in  the 
greatest  abundance  every  year.  U,  campestris  does  indeed  produce  seeds 
occasionally,  though  rarely,  in  England ;  and  the  U,  c.  viminahs  is  a  British 
seedling,  raised  by  Mr.  Masters.  In  France,  U,  campestris  ripens  seeds 
much  more  freely,  and  these  have  given  rise,  in  that  country,  to  innumerable 
varieties.  The  whole  genus,  it  will  readily  be  conceived,  is  in  a  state  of  great 
confusion.     See  Arb.  Brit,,  1st  edit.,  p.  1409. 

f   \,  U.  CAMPE^STRis  Zf.     The  English,  field,  or  common  smalUeaved,  Elm. 

JdnUiftcation.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  S27. ;  Sm.  Engl.  FL,  9:  pi  20. 

SytumymcM,    C/'lrous  iltlnia  Pliiw  Nat.  Hist.  lib.  16.  cap.  17.  and  lib.  17.  cap.  11.  (  U.  minor,  folio 

angusto  scabro,  Ger.  Emac.  14S0.  f. :  Otmo  pjramidale,  Itai. 
Engravings.     Engl.  Dot.,  t.  1886. ;  N.  I>u  Ham.,  8.  t.  42. :  the  plates  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit,  vol.  tII.  ; 

and  owrjlg.  1394. 


716  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETCM   BRITANNICUM. 

Spec,  Char.,  4^c,  Leaves  doubly  serrated,  rough.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  4-cleft. 
Samara  oblong,  deeply  cloven,  glabrous.  {Smith.}  A  lar^  deciduous  tree. 
England,  France,  and  the  wanner  parts  of  Europe.  Hei^t  60  ft.  to  80  ft. 
Flowers  brownish  ;  March  and  April.    Samara  yellow ;  npe  in  May. 

Varieties, 

A.  lumber  TVees, 

It  V,  c,  1  vulgaris,  U.  canipestris  Hort.  Dur.  —  Very  twiggy ;  pale 
smooth  bark ;  of  irregular  growth  in  some  plants,  with  almost  hori- 
zontal branches,  where  no  others  are  near  to  force  th(e  shoots  up- 
wards. In  some  soils,  it  is  very  subject  to  decay  at  the  joints.  The 
bark  is  leaden-coloured  while  young,  splitting  into  long  thin  strips 
with  ase.     A  bad  variety  to  cultivate  for  timber. 

!K  U.  c.  2  lat^vSa  Hort. — Leaves  broader  than  in  the  species,  and  ex- 
panding very  early  in  spring. 

It  v.  c,  S  Slba  Masters.  —  Of  upright  growth.  The  old  bark  cracks  in 
irr^eular  long  pieces,  and  becomes  very  pale  with  age.  Shoots  with 
the  bark  tinned  with  red,  and  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  quite  red. 
Leaves  shinmg,  and  doubly  and  deeply  serrated,  bearing  a  yery  near 
resemblance  to  those  of  U,  effusa.     A  valuable  timber  tree. 

t  U.  c.  4  acutifblia  Masters.  —  Growth,  during  its  early  stages,  very  like 
the  last,  but  stronger.  The  leaves,  in  old  specimens,  more  tapering, 
and  the  branches  more  pendulous.  Bark  like  the  last.  This  aippears 
very  common  in  some  parts  of  Essex,  Suffolk,  and  Norfolk.  Also  a 
good  timber  tree. 

If  U.  c.  5  stricta  Hort.  Dur.  Red  English  Elm.  —  One  of  the  most 
valuable  timber  trees  of  the  small-leaved  kinds.  Growth  ver^  rigid. 
The  timber  is  excellent ;  and  the  tree  forms  poles  of  equal  diameter 
throughout. 

1^  U.  r.  6  virens  Hort.  Dur.  Kidbrook  Elm.  —  Almost  evergreen  in  a 
mild  winter  ;  and,  as  such,  is  the  most  ornamental  tree  ofthe  genus. 
It  must  not,  however,  be  depended  upon  as  a  timber  tree,  because, 
in  some  autumns,  the  frost  kills  the  shoots.  The  bark  is  red,  and 
the  tree  of  spreadine  habit.  This,  like  the  last-mentioned  kind, 
grows  well  upon  chalk. 

IT  U.  r.  7  comutnensis  Hort.  U.  stricta  LincU.  Synop,  p.  227.,  Lodd.  Cat, 
ed.  1836;  the  Cornish  Elm. —  An  upright-branched  tree  ;  the  trunk 
and  branches,  when  young,  havine  a  somewhat  flcxuose  appearance, 
which  disappears  as  it  grows  old.  The  leaves  are  small,  strongly 
veined,  and  coriaceous.  Branches  bright  brown,  smooth  when  young, 
and  very  compact.  This  variety,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  a 
week  or  fortnight  later  in  coming  into  leaf  than  the  common  elm, 
from  which,  and  from  all  the  other  varieties,  it  is  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  bark  of  old  trees,  which  never  scales  off,  but  tears 
as  under,  exhibiting  its  fibrous  construction,  in  the  manner  of  the 
bark  of  the  sweet  chestnut.  There  are  many  fine  trees  of  this  va> 
riety  in  Kensington  Gardens. 

It  U.  c,  Ssamiettsis,  U.  sami^nsis  Ijodd.  Cat.  1836  ;  the  Jersey  Elm. — 
A  free-growing  variety,  differing  very  little  from  the  species. 

S  U.  c.  9  tortuosa,  U,  tortuosa  Lodd,  Cat.  1836 ;  ?  Orme  tortillard, 
Fr, ;  the  twisted  Elm. — The  wood  ofthe  tortuous  parts  of  the  trunk 
is  valuable  for  the  naves  of  wheels,  and  is  much  used  for  that 
purpose  in  France.  It  is  the  only  elm  which  grows  fireely  by  cut- 
ting, and  is  generally  so  propagated  in  the  French  Durseries.  See 
Arb,  Brit,,  1st  edit.,  p.  1379. 

B.  Ornamental  or  curiotu  Trees, 
S  U.  e,  lOfilns  variegdtis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  — Thia  variety,  which 


LXVI.    UhtSA^CEJE:    n'j.MUS.  717 

mn  be  (ailed  the  ailTerJeaTedefni,  has  the  leaves  atriped  with  white, 

and,  in  spring,  is  very  omanieiital. 
"t  U.  c.  11  hetulafhiia.   U.  ietulcfAlia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.  —  LesTe* 

somewhat  resembling  those  oF  the  common  birch. 
3  U.  c.  18  viminaUt  Hort.   Dur.  p.  66.      U.  viminilis   Lodd.  Cat.  ed, 

1836.    (The  plate  in  Arb.  Bnt^  1st  edit.,  vol.  vii.)  —  Small  leaves, 

and  numerous  slender  twig-like  branches.     It  is  a  verj  distinct  and 

eleennt  variety  ;  and  easily  recognised,  either  in   summer  or  winter. 

Raised,  in  1817,  by  Mr.  Masters. 
t  U.  c.   13  pan^bSa.    U.   parvifolis    Jac.  PI. 

Bar.  Horl.  Schanbr.  iii.  p.  261.  t.  862. ;   U. 

niicrophylla/'fn.,' t7.pumilavar.j3(tnuisbu-  ' 

col^nais)  PaU.  Rou,  i.  p.  76.  t.  4S.;  U.  pilmila  , 

wm.Sp.Fl.\.p.  13S6.;  17.p.fckliisp&rviB.&c. 

Piuk.Alia.p.)l93.;   C.  hAmilis  Smon.  SOf. 


Ruih.  p.  180.  No.  £60.    (Owjig.  13162.)  — 
A  tree,  according  to  PbIUs,  who  mentions 


9  of  it,  very  ■ 

the  woods  of  the  South  of  Russia,  and  vary- 
ing in  height  from  that  ofa  middle-sized  tree 

to  that  of  a  diminutive  shnib,  according  to 

the  soil  and  climate  in  which  it  grows. 
»  U.  c.  l4pim73Sa.     (7.  planifblia  flbrf.    (The 

plate  of  this   tree   ill  Arb.  Brit.,   1st  edit., 

vol.  vii,)  —  A  handsome  small  tree,  closely  —moju. 

resemblmg  the  preceding  variety.  **"^^ 

1  U.  c.  15  cfunimi*.   U.  chb^nsis  Feri.  i.  p.  i»l.  No.  9.,  Rcem.  elSchuU. 

&/il.   Feg.  vi.  p.  303. ;    Th£  de   I'Abbe  OaUois,   Otme  nain.  Fr. ; 

(Our  J!g.   1393.)  — A   low   bush,  introduced   from 

China,   ^t    when    is     uncertain.      Rather    tender. 

Hortictiltural  Society's  Garden. 
1  U.  e.  16  cuctilldla  Hort.  —  Leaves  curiously  curved, 

something  like  a  hood.     Hort.  Soe.  Gardea. 
1  V.  c.  17  coHcaa^Ba  Hort.  —  ResemUca  the  preceding 

kind.    Hort.  Soc  Garden. 
V  U.  c.  18  fiBU  a&rtit  Hort. — Leavea  vari^ated  with 

3  U.  c.   10  nana  Hort — A  very  distinct  variety,  said  not 
to  grow  above  t  ft.  high  in  ten  or  twelve  years.  Hort. 
Society's  Garden. 
Other  Varietiei.     In  Messrs.  Loddiges's  Catalogue.eii.  1836, 
V.cfiSuniacuidtii,  V.dubia,  U.  vucomo,  and  some  others,  ara 
enumerated,  and  in  our  first  edition  twelve  French  varieties  u 
are  described,  to  which  might  be  added,  the  Orme  peduncuM 
of  the  French,  which  appears  to  be  our  f/^mus  effilsa,  though  we  have  doubts 
on  this  subject. 

The  common  English  elm  is,  perhaps,  more  frequently  to  be  found  in  the 
parks  and  pleaaure^grounds  of  the  English  nobility  and  gentry,  than  any  other 
tree,  except  the  oak.  It  is  of  a  tall  upright  habit  of  growtit,  with  a  straight 
trunk,  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  when  fully  grown,  and  attaining  the  height  of 
60  or  TO  feet  or  upwards.  The  wood  loses  a  great  deal  in  drying :  weighing, 
when  green,  nearly  701b.  the  cubic  foot;  and,  when  dry,  not  more  than 
48}  lb.  It  is  of  a  brownish  colour,  and  is  hard  and  flne-gnuned.  It  possesses 
greater  lateral  adhesion,  and  less  longitudinal  toughness,  than  that  of  U. 
moni&na,  and,  consequently,  does  not  crack  so  much  as  that  sort  in  drying. 
In  ship-building  it  is  valuable  for  forming  the  blocks  and  dead  eyes,  and  other 
wooden  furniture  of  rigging,  being  particularly  suitable  for  these  purposes, 
from  its  hard  and  adhesive  nature,  and  indisposition  to  cmck  or  split  when 


7I& 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


exptMed  to  sun  or  weather.  The  great  use  of  the 
Enelish  elm,  however,  in  Bhi{>4)uildLDg,  is  for 
keels.  In  light  land,  especially  if  it  be  rich,  the 
growth  of  the  tree  is  very  rapid ;  but  its  wood 
u  li^t.  porous,  and  of  little  value  compared  with 
that  grown  upon  strong  land,  which  is  of  a  closer 
stronger  texture,  and  at  the  heart  will  have  the 
colour,  ftnd  almost  the  hardness  and  heaviness,  of 
iron.  The  common  elm  produces  abundance  of 
suckers  from  the  rooM,  both  near  and  at  a  great  " 
distance  from  the  stem  ;  and  throughout  Eurt^  i 
these  afford  the  most  Teady  mode  of  propagation, 
and  that  which  appears  lo  have  been  most  gene- 
rail}'  adopted  till  the  establishment  of  regular 
commercial  nurseries  ;  the  suckers  b^ng  procured 
tmm  the  roots  of  grown  up  trees,  in  hedgerows, 
parks,  or  plantations.  In  Britain,  the  present 
mode  of  propagation  is  by  lajers  from  stools,  or 
by  grafting  on  the  U.  montana.  The  layers  are 
made  in  autumn,  or  in  the  course  of  the  winter, 
and  are  rooted,  or  fit  to  be  taken  off,  in  a  year. 
Grafting  is  generally  perfonned  in  the  whip  or  splice  manner,  close  to  the 
root,  in  the  spring ;  and  the  plants  make  shoots  of  3  or  4  feet  in  length  the 
same  year.  Budding  is  sometimes  performed,  but  less  frequently.  The  great 
advantage  of  grafting  is,  that  the  plants  never  throw  up  suckers,  unless 
indeed  the  graft  is  buried  in  the  soil.  Tbe  tree  bears  the  knile  better  than 
most  others,  and  is  not  very  injurious  to  grass  growing  under  it.  The  leaves 
are  eaten  by  most  kinds  of  cattle. 

1  8.  U.  (o.)  suBBRo'sA  Afanch.    The  Cock-iarked  Elm. 

Mauffaulom.    Ehr.  Arb..  141.  -,  Wllld.  Sp.  PL.  p.  ISU. ,  BofL  Fl,  S.  n.  11. 

Sytmrnmri.  [T.  umpCHrti  )FiHd>.  Iti4.  BaC  t.l91.:  I/,  omptitrii  inil  ThnpfarilU  Dd  Hon. 
Arb.  t.  p.  rni.  (.  IM. :  U.  nilgUluhu  tMlo  UIO  icibn  Gtr.  Swiac.  ItM.  f. ;  V.  manlina  Cam, 
Epil.  t  ID.,  uppori^.i  common  Elm  T^  Html.  EreL  S^l.  p.  119.1  I'Onno  Utft.  rOnno 

ffumvAui.    Eds.  Bot..t.Iiei.  1  DuHun.  Arb.,  l.t.  los.  1  the  pUltln  Arb.  Bitt.,  liliidlt..  woL 

lii.  i  (I^  OUIA.  ISM. 

Spec.  Char.,  $c.    Leaves  pointed,  rough,  doubly 
and  sharply  serrated.    Flowers  stalked,  4 — 5- 
clefc.        Samara    almost    orbicular,    deeply 
cloven,  glabrous.    Branches  spreading  i  their 
bark   corky,    (AntM.)      A   deciduous   tree, 
taller  and  more  spreading  than  the  ci 
English  elm.  England.   Height  60  ft.  to 
and  sometimes  100  ft.     Flowers  and  b 
as  in  the  preceding  kind. 

X   U.  (c.)  t.  1  tmlgatu.    U.  suberdsa  ifurt. 

Dta,  )  the  Dutch  cork-ba^ed  Elm. — 

This,  except   the  American  elm  and 

the  Canterbury  seedling  (  U.  montana 

mj^or  glkbra),  is  the  quickest-growing 

of  any  that  Mr.  Masters  cultivates.   It 

is,  moreover,  valuable  on  account  of  its 

f^wing  well  upon  the  Kentish  chalks ;  and  it  keeps  its  leaf  till  late 

ID  the  autumn.     It  is  a  tree  of  large  growth.    Many  of  the  elms  at 

Windsor  are  of  this  kind. 
X   U.  (c.)  (.  ifoliiM  vanc^itii  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.    U.  suberosa  vari^ta 

IIoH.  Dur.  —  Precisely  like  the  last,  except  in  its  vari^ation. 
X  U.  (r.)  (.  3  alba.    U.  subcrdsa  lilba  Maitcrt.—  A  low   tree,  of  more 


LXVI.    fJLMA^CEX:    IT'LMCS.  719 

compact  growth  than  the  two  preceding  Tsrieties;  and  often  growing 
into  an  oval,  or,  rather,  cone-ahaped  head.  Young  Bhoota  pubes- 
cent. Foliage  thickly  set.  Bark  much  wrinkled,  and  becoming 
white  with  age. 

1  U.  (c.)  t.  4  erecla  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Has  a  tall  narrow  head, 
reaembling  that  of  the  ComiEh  elm ;  but  differs  from  ihat  tree  in 
having  much  broader  leares,  and  a  corky  bark. 

?  U.  (c)  t.  fi  oar.  The  broad-leafed  Hertrordthire  Elm,  Wood,  nursery- 
mnn  at  Huntingdon.^ — ^The  shoots  abow  some  tendency  to  become 
corky,  which,  in  our  opmion,  determines  thii  variety  to  b^ng  to  U. 
(c.)  suberdsa,  rather  than  to  U.  montana  or  U.  (m.)  glabra. 

X  L.(c.)(.  6  tor.  The  nurow-leaved  Hertfordshire  Elm,  Wood.^ 
Leaves  and  shoots  differing  very  little  from  those  of  U.  camp&tris. 

The  greater,  or  Dutch  Cork-barked,  Elm. 
n,  BDgl.n,t.p.«. 

k   No.6.i   U.aMax  holUndlcfc  «c..  PhU.  Atm.33i.t 
fr».  %  p.  9«H.  i  niia  ail  MoUjt.  Valtr.  I.  i».  !.;  U. 

BritnlUdilll..  TO).  •».;  udourJV-  "9^' 
Spec.    Char.,  ^e.     Leaves   rough,    unequally   and   rather   bluntly  serrated. 

Flovera  nearly  sessile,  4-cleiL     Samara  obovate,  slightly  cloven,  glabrous. 

Branches  drooping,  the  bark  corky.  (Smith.) 

A    deciduous   tree,   with    widely    spreading 

branches.     England.     Height   50  ft.  to  70  ft. 

Flowers  and  samara  as  in  tiie  preceding  kinds. 

The  branches  spread  widely,  in  a  drooping 
manner,  and  their  bark  is  rugged,  and  much 
more  corky  than  even  the  foregomg.  Leaveson 
short  thick  stalks,  larger  and  more  bluntly  ser- 
rated than  the  last ;  rough  on  both  aides,  espe- 
cially beneath  ;  but  the  liairy  tufts  at  the  origin 
of  each  transverse  rib  are  very  small.  Segnenta 
of  the  calyx  short  snd  rounded.  Stamens  4.  j 
Samara  obovate,  with  a  very  small  rounded  . 
sinus,  not  reaching  half  so  far  as  the  seed.  TbiA 
appears  to  be  the  kind  brought  over  by  Wil- 
liam lU.  trom  Holland  ;  which,  from  its  quick 
growth,  was,  at  first,  much  used  for  hedges  and 
formal  rows  of  clipped  trees  ;  but,  when  the 
Dutch  taste  in  gardenii^  declined,  the  tree  waa 
no  longer  cultivated ;  aa  its  wood  waa  found 
very  inferior  to  that  <^  most  other  kinds  of  elm.  „«.  „.  ,^)  ^i^. 

t^V.  BPFU'SA  WiUd.     The  spreading-ir«iic^if  Elm. 


.    lliriH,LB.i(liaplilaitflUitnainArliLBirJl..litidtc.,Toli1ii  nod  outjtr- IW- 
^ice.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  mostly  resembling  those  of  the  U.  montdna,  but 

Juite  smooth  on  the  upper  side  ;  unequal  at  the  base,  doubly  serrated, 
towers  on  drooping  stalks.  Stamcna  in  a  flower  G — B.  Samara  elliptic, 
deeply  cloven,  strongly  (Hn^  with  coarse  dense  hairs,  (SmUA.)  A 
deciduous  tree  with  ascending  shoots,  which  spread  at  the  extremities. 
Europe,  chiefly  in  the  South  of  France,  and  in  the  Caucasus.  Height  50  It. 
to  60  ft,     Introd.  ?  1800.     Flowers  and  Mimiira  as  in  the  preceding  kinds. 

This  species  is  very  distinct,  even  when  the  tree  is  bare  of  leaves,  as  will 
be  seen  by  comparing  the  winter  tree  of  it  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  vlt.. 


720  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUBff. 

vith  that  of  U,  inont^na  mlyor  depicted  at 
the  same  season.  In  spring  and  summer,  it 
is  equally  marked  by  tne  long  drooping  pe- 
duncles of  its  flowers,  and  its  hairy  samaras. 
Its  leaves  are  large,  arid  of  a  beautiful  light 
shining  green  tinged  with  red,  and  with  red 
veins.  The  buds  are  long,  sharply  pointed, 
and  greenish ;  while  in  the  U,  camp^itris  thev 
are  short,  obtuse,  and  covered  with  greyish 
hairs.  As  a  tree  of  ornament,  it  is  well  worth 
cultivating  for  the  beauty  of  its  leaves,  for  the 
distinct  character  of  its  spray  in  winter,  and, 
indeed,  for  its  general  appearance  at  all  sea- 
sons. I^pagated  by  grafting  on  U,  montana. 
The  largest  tree  of  this  species  in  England  is 
at  White  Knights,  in  front  of  the  mansion.  i»7.  v, 

^  5.   U,  MONTA^NA  Baxih,    The  Mountain,  Scotch,  or  Wych,  Elm. 

IdentiflcaUon.    Banh.  Fin.,  4S7. ;  Sm.  EngL  Bot^  1. 1897. 

SmwmMmeM.    U.  gltora  Hudi.  ed.  I.  95. ;  U.  efmM  Sibtk.  87. ;  U.  scibra  MOL  Diet,  No.  t. :  U. 

ndda  Ekrh. ;  U.  camp^itre  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.  p.  18M. ;  U.  campettrls  latUMia  Hort,  Par. ;  Wjcfa 

Hasel  of  old  auUiors. 
Engravtngt.    EngL  Bot.,  1. 1887. :  Fl.  Dan.,  t.  698. ;  Uie  plates  of  tome  of  the  Tarieties  In  Ari>. 

Brit.,  Ut  edit.,Tol.  tIL  ;  and  our  At.  1399. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  pointed,  roush,  broad,  and  doubly  serrated.  Flowers 
on  longish  peduncles  loosely  tufted,  5^6-cleft.  Samara  somewhat  ort)i- 
cular,  slightly  cloven,  naked.  Branches  drooping  at  their  extremities; 
their  bark  smooth  and  even.  (Smith.)  A  spreading  deciduous  tree,  with 
smooth  bark.  Britain,  and  various  parts  of  Europe.  Height  50  ft.  to 
60  ft.    Flowers  reddish  ;  April  and  May.     Samara  brown  ;  ripe  in  June. 

Varieties,  The  varieties  of  the  Scotch  elm  are  extremely  distinct,  and  very 
handsome  trees,  some  well  worth  cultivating  in  a  useful,  and  others  in  an 
ornamental,  point  of  view. 

A.  Timber  TVees, 

S  U.  m.  1  vulgarig, —  Tree  spreading  ;  seldom  exceeding  40  or  50  feet 
in  height,  except  when  drawn  up  by  other  trees. 

t  U.  m.  2  rugota  BlUsters.  U.  rugdsa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. —  Bark  reddish 
brown,  cracking  into  short  regular  pieces,  very  like  that  of  iTcer 
camp&tre.    Tree  of  spreading  growth,  and  moderate  size. 

S  U.  m.  3  rndior  Masters.  (Plate  in  Arh.  Brit.  1st  edit.  vol.  vii.)  — The 
tree  is  of  upright  and  rapid  growth,  with  few  branches ;  and,  in 
some  stages,  approaching  the  habit  of  the  common  Scotch  elm,  but 
of  a  more  tapering  form.  The  leaves  fall  almost  a  month  sooner 
than  those  of  the  following  sort.  ^ 

It  U.  m.  4  minor  Masters.  —  Compared  with  U.  m.  m^jor,  is  of  a  more 
branching  and  spreading  habit,  of  lower  growth,  with  more  twiggy 
shoots ;  and  these  are  more  densely  clothed  with  leaves,  which  are 
retained  long  in  the  autumn. 

'f  13.  m.  b  cebermenns  Hort.  The  Cevennes  Elm. — Habit  spreading,  like 
that  of  U.  m.  vulgaris ;  but  it  appears  of  much  less  vigorous  growth. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

S  U.  m.  6  nigra.  U.  nigra  Lodd.  Cat, ;  the  black  Irish  Elm. — A  spreading 
tree,  with  the  habit  of  U.  montana  vulgtkris,  but  with  much  smaller 
leaves.  It  is  by  some  considered  as  a  variety  of  U.  camp^tris  ;  but, 
as  it  ripens  seeds  in  Ireland,  we  are  inclined  to  think  it  belongs  to 
what  may  be  called  the  seed-bearing  section  of  the  genus,  and,  con- 
sequently, to  U.  montana. 

¥  U.  m.  7  austrdlis  Hort.  —  Leaves  rather  smaller,  and  habit  of  growth 
more  pendulous  than  the  species. 


LXTL   ULUACEM:   tfLHva. 

B.  OmamtHlal  or  euriom  Varieliet. 
.nfindiLla.U.Diaia\»^Lodd.Cat.t!A.\Saa. 
bens  Horl.  Dur. ;  U.  boiizonthlis  Boti. ;  U.  rilbra  in  the  Horticul- 
tural  Society's  Oarden,  in  1835.    (FUte  of  thia  tree  in  Arb.  Bril., 


lit  edit.,  vol.  vii.;  ind  our^.  1398.^ — This  is  a  beauliful  and  hi^ly 
characterittic  tree,  generally  growing  to  one  lide,  Bpreading  its 
branches  in  a  lati-like  manner,  and  stretching  them  c   ' ~' 


r  V.  m.  9jfe»I^Hte  Hort.   U.  glibra  repjicita  Horl.  Dur.  ;    U.  F6rdn 

Hort. ;  U.  exonlAisis  Hort. ;  the  Eieter  Elm,  Ford'i  Elm.  (Plate 

in  Art,  Bril.,  lit  edit.,  ToL  vii.)  —  A  very  remarkable  variety,  with 

peculisrl;  twisted  ieavea,  and  a  very  faiti^tc  habit  of  growth.     The 

leaves,  which  are  very  hanb,  feather-nerved,  and  retain  their  deep 

green  till  they  fall  oS^  enfold  one  side  of  the  ahootc. 

I  U.u..  10  crftpa.  ?  IT.  crispa  tFiiW.  j  the  eurled-leaved  Elm.— Ofa 

■lender  and  stunted  habit  of  growth.  Horticultural  Society's  Oarden. 

Other  Varietiet.     Several  might  be  taken  troto  cataloouea,  both  timber 

trees  and  curious  plants ;  but  the  former,  such  as  U.  montana  v^geta  IrndL, 

we  think  may  be  beat  classed  under  U.  m.  glabra,  and  the  latter  are  of  so 

little  merit,  that  we  hardly  think  them  wortn  recording  in  this  work.     A 

variety  or  variation  was  discovered  in  a  wood  near  Verri^res,  in  which  the 

soft  wood,  or  cambium,  of  the  current  year's  ehoota  appears  ofa  deep  red 

when  the  bark  is  removed.     It  retains  tnis  peculiarity  when  propagated  by 

extension  ;  and  there  are  plants  of  it  in  the  Jardin  des  Plsntes  nE  Paris. 

A  similar  varistion  occurs  in  3fdrus  it&lica.  (Bee  p.  70B.) 

ThetBcotch  elm  has  not  so  upright  a  trunk  as  the  EngUsh  elin;  ai 

'■--'ies  into  lon|        ''  "  ''  i    .    >         ■      .  .      , 

e  spreading  tre 

'n  artificial  plan 


] 


722 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


I 


1390.  U. 


boat-builder,  the  block  and  pump  makefv  the  caitwright,  the  cabinet-maker 
and  the  coach-maker.    The  timber^  Matthews  observes,  has  much  sap-wood« 
and  great  longitudinal  tou^ness  ;  but,  from  the  great  quantity  of  sap-wood, 
and  want  of  lateral  adhesion,  it  splits  considerab^  when  dry.     The  tree  has 
a  peculiar  fan-like  spread  of  the  branches,  often  tending  to  one  side,  and 
most  perceptible  in  young  trees.      Hence,  when  grown  up,  there  is  ge- 
nerally a  slight   bending  in   the   stem, 
which  renders  it  very  fitting  for  floor- 
timbers  of  vessels ;    the  only  part  of  a 
ship,  except  the  bottom  plank,  to  which 
it  18  applicable,  as  it  soon  decays  above 
water.     Its  great  toughness  and  stren^h, 
however,  render  it  fit  for  floors.  The  soil  in 
which  this  elm  most  luxuriates  is  a  deep 
rich  loam ;  but  that  in  which  it  becomes 
most  valuable,  is  a  sandy  loam  lying  on 
rubble  stone,  or  on  dry  rock.  In  wet  tilly 
clays,  it  soon  sickens.  It  does  not  produce 
suckers  like  the  English  elm ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  Boutcher,  it  roots  more  readily  from 
layers  than  that  species.    The  most  ready 
modeofpropaoatingit,  however,  is  by  seeds, 
which  are  produced  in  sreat  abundance,  and 
are  ripe  about  the  middle  of  June.    They 
ought  to  be  gathered  with  the  hand  before 
they  drop,  as,  from  their  lightness  and  winged  appendages,  they  are  very  apt 
to  be  blown  away  by  the  wmd.     The  seeds  may  either  be  sown  as  soon  as 
gathered,  in  which  case,  many  plants  will  come  up  the  same  season ;  or  they 
may  be  thinly  spread  out  to  dry  in  the  shade,  and  afterwards  put  up  into  bags 
or  boxes,  and  kept  in  a  dry  place  till  the  following  March  or  April. 

5  6.  U.  (m.)  gla'bra  Mili.    The  smooth-&flf>«/,  or  Wyck^  Ehn. 

Identrflcai/om.    Mill.  Diet  j  cd.  8.,  No.  4. ;  Sm.  Engl.  Fl.,  3.  p.  ». 
Engravingg,    Engl.  Bot.,  t  SS48. ;  and  oar>^.  1400. 

'pec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  doubly 
serrated,  smooth.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  5-cleft. 
Samara  obovate,  naked,  deeply  cloven.  (Smiih,) 
Branches  spreading,  rather  drooping,  smooth, 
blackish,  scarcely  downy  in  their  earliest  stage  of 
prowth.  Leaves  smaller  than  any  of  the  preced- 
mff  (except  U.  camp^tris),  as  well  as  more 
oblong }  strongly  serrated,  very  unequal  at  the 
base,  not  eion^ted  at  the  extremity  ;  their  sub- 
stance firm,  or  rather  rigid ;  the  sur&ce  of  both 
sides  very  smooth  to  the  touch,  and  without  any 
hairs  beneath,  except  the  axillary  pubescence  of 
the  ribs,  whidi  often  forms  a  narrow  downy  line 
along  the  midrib.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  with  5 
short,  bluntish,  fringed  segroeDts,  and  as  many 
longish  stamens,  the  anthers  of  which  are  round*, 
ish  heart-shaped.  Samara  smaller  than  most  other 
species,  obovate,  cloven  down  to  the  seed,  smooth, 
often  reddish.  A  tall,  elegant,  deciduous  tree. 
Britain,  chieflvin  England,  in  woods  and  hedges ; 

and  forming  the  most  common  elm  in  some  parts  of  Essex.    Height  60  ft. 
to  80  ft.     Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the  preceding  sort. 

It  bears  seeds  in  nearly  as  great  abundance  as  U.  mont&na»  and  it  does  not 


^' 


1400.    tr.(ari.)glktaa. 


LXVI.    ULMA^'CEX:    17'lmus.  723 

throw  up  suckers  ;  which  conyinces  us  that  it  is  only  a  variety  of  that  species. 
The  propagation,  culture,  &c^  of  U.  glabra  and  its  varieties  are  the  same  as  in 
the  preceding  sort ;  but,  to  preserve  the  latter  distinct,  they  ought  to  be  grafted. 

FarieHes.  In  consequence  of  U,  gMtbrn  ripening  seeds  in  different  parts  of 
England,  many  varieties  have  beoi  raised  from  it,  most  of  which  are  distin- 
guished by  great  rapidity  of  growth.  It  is  difficult  to  determine,  in  every 
case,  whether  the  varieties  ofU.  (ro.)  glabra  are  not  nearer  to  U.  montAna, 
than  to  that  sub-species  ;  and,  in  some  instances,  they  appear  to  partake  of 
the  character  of  U.  camp^tris  and  U.  (c.)  suberdsa.  T.  A.  Knight,  Esq., 
informs  us  that  from  seeds  of  one  variety  of  U.  (m.)  glkbra,  viz.  the  Down- 
ton  elm,  which  were  ripened  in  the  cold  climate  of  that  part  of  Shropshire, 
he  "  raised  plants  which  are  so  perfectly  similar  to  the  U,  suberdsa,  and 
which  approximate  so  nearly  to  the  character  of  the  U.  gUbra,  that "  he 
does  '*  not  doubt  but  that  the  U,  camp^tris,  17.  suberdsa,  CT.  gUtbra,  and 
three  or  four  other  varieties  which"  he  has  "  seen  in  deferent  parts  of 
England,  are  all  varieties  only  of  the  same  species.*' 

A.  lumber  TVeet, 

1  U.  (m.^  g,  1  viUgartM,    The  common  smooth-leaved  Elm. 

S  U.  (m,)  g.  2  vSgeia,  U.  montana  v^geta  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden;  U,  americana  Matters;  the  Huntingdon  Elm,  the  Chi- 
chester Elm,  the  American  Elm  in  some  places,  and  perhaps  the 
Scfunpston  Elm.  —  Thb  is  by  far  the  most  vif^rous-growing  kmd  of 
elm  propagated  in  British  nurseries,  often  making  shoots  from  6  ft.  to 
10  ft.  in  length  in  one  season ;  and  the  tree  attaining  the  height  of 
upwards  of  §0  ft.  in  ten  years  from  the  craft.  Raised  at  Huntingdon 
about  1746,  firom  seed  collected  in  Siat  neighbourhood,  by  Mr. 
Wood,  nurseryman  there, 

t  U.  (iR.^  g.  3  oar.  The  Scampston  Ehn.  — Variety  of  U.  gUbra,  and 
very  little  different  from  the  preceding  kind. 

S  U.  (m.)  g,  4  major.  U,  glabra  m^jor  Htni,  Dur. ;  the  Canterbury  Seed- 
ling. —  Of  more  vigorous  growth  than  the  species,  and,  indeed,  a  rival 
to  the  Huntingdon  elm  in  quickness  of  crowth.  Judging  from  the 
specimens  of  uiis  variety  sent  to  us  by  Mr,  Masten,  we  should  say 
that  it  belongs  fuUv  as  much  to  U.  montana  as  to  U.  (m.)  gU^ra. 

It  U.  (m.)  g,  5  dandmota  Lindl. — Leaves  very  glandular  beneath. 

'f  U.  (m.)  g,  6  Tat^dSa  Lindl.  —  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  very  broad. 

^  U.  (tn.)  g,  1  rmcrophjUa  Hort.  U,  g.  parvifdlia..  —  Leaves  small. 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

B.  Ornamental  or  curiout  Dreet. 

T  U.  (m.)  g.  SphuhUa.  U.  camp^tris  p^ndula  Hori.  Dur,;  the  Down- 
ton  Eun.  —  Raised  in  Smith's  Nursery,  at  Worcester,  in  1610, 
from  seeds  obtained  from  a  tree  in  Nottinghamshire.  Mr.  Knight 
of  Downton  Castle  purchased  some  of  these  trees  j  and  one  them 
turned  out  to  be  that  weeping  variety  which  has  since  obtained  the 
name  of  the  Downton  elm. 

1  U.  (m.)  g.  9  variegata  Hort. — Leaves  variegated.  Hort.  Soc.  Garden. 

X  U.  (m.)  g.  10  ramuloM  Booth. — Branches  more  twiggy  than  the  species. 

t  7.  U.  A^LBA  Kit,    The  whidsh-i^tv^f  Ehn. 

iimt^kattam,    Kitatb.,  qnoted  in  lUmn.  et  Schult.  Syit.  Veg.,  6L  p.  SOO.}  WUId.  Bttims.,  p.  51S. 
En^i  Mtitotf.    Our>^.  0000.  In  p.  0000. 

Spec.  Char,^  ifc.  Bark  grey  brown;  smooth,  not  chinky.  Leaves  with 
downy  petioles;  and  duks  oblong,  acuminate,  2|  in.  long,  unequal  at  the 
base,  doubly  and  very  argutely  serrate ;  above,  deep  green  ;  beneath,  downy, 
and  becoming  obviously  whitish.  (WiUd.^  A  lar^  deciduous  tree.  Hun- 
gary; said  to  have  been  introduced  in  1834,  but  we  are  not  aware  that  the 
plant  is  in  British  gardens. 

3a  2 


724 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1401.   U. 


^  8.  U.  AiiERiCA>9A  Xr.    The  American  Elm. 

Ideniiftcalion.    Lin.  Sp.  71.,  897. ;  Punh  Sept,  1.  p.  199. 

^tum^met.    The  white  Elm,  Jmer. ;  the  Canadian  Elm,  the  American  white  BIm. 

M»gra»iug»,    Michx.  North  Amer.  SyWa,  3. 1. 126. ;  and  oar>^.  1401. 

l^c,  Char,t  S^c,  Leaf  with  the  petiole  1  in.  to  1}  in.  long,  and 
hairy  with  short  hairs ;  and  the  disk  unequal  at  the  base, 
4  in.  to  5  in.  long,  inclusive  of  a  long  acuminate  point,  2  in. 
to  2}  in.  broad,  serrate,  and  mostly  doubly  so  ;  the  axils 
of  the  veins  underneath  joined  bv  a  membrane.  /  Flowers 
peduncled,  effuse,  purple ;  pecfuncles  short,  glabrous. 
Stamens  5  and  8.  Samara  fringed  at  the  ed^e  with 
hairs,  ovate,  acute.  This  species  is  readily  dlstmguish- 
able  from  others  by  the  membrane  which  appears  at  the 
axils  of  the  veins.  (IVUld,)  Young  branches  brown, 
with  short  very  fine  hairs.  Leaves  deeply  green  above, 
almost  glossy,  rough ;  beneath,  pale,  downy.  Flowers 
like  those  of  U.  efmsa.  A  large  tree.  New  England  to 
Carolina.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Introduced  m  1752; 
but  rarely  flowering,  and  never  ripening  seeds  in  England. 

Vmietiet, 

t  U.  a.  1  rubra  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319. — Branches  red.  Leaves 
ovate,  rugose,  rough. 

¥  U.  a.  2  6l6a  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319.,  Marsh,  p.  250.  ?  U.  moUi- 
folia  (^Rcem.  et  Schuli,)  —  Branches  whitish.     Leaves  oblong,  rough. 

1  U.  a.  3  pendula  Pursh  Sept.  L  p.  200.,  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  319. 
—  Branches  pendulous. 

f  U.  a.  4  mcua  Hort.  (Plate  in  Arb,  Brit,,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vii.) —  Thia 
variety  differs  from  the  other  varieties,  in  having  the  leaves  some- 
what more  deeply  serrated,  and  rather  smaller,  approaching  nearer 
to  those  of  U,  effilsa.    Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

¥  U.  a.  hfblm  variegdHt  Hort. — Leaves  variegated.  Hort.  Soc.  Gfardea. 

The  white  elm  delights  in  low  humid  situations.  The  wood  is  used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  that  of  the  European  elm,  but  it  is  decidedly  inferior  in 
strength  and  hardness ;  it  has  also  less  compactness,  and  splits  more  readily. 
Propagated  by  grafting  on  U.  mont^na,  but  not  common  in  collections. 

^  9.   U»  (a.)  fu^lva  Michx.     The  tawny'budded,  or  slippery.  Elm. 

Identification.    Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  1.  p.  173. ;  Punh  Sept.,  1.  p.  900. 

Sfnonmmes.    U,  rdbra  Miek*.  Arb.  3.  p.  S7o. ;  Onne  gras,  FTenck  qf  Canada  and  Upper  Lomitkma  ; 

red  Elm,  red-wooded  Blm,  Mooae  Elm. 
Bngra^ingi.    Mldix.  North  Amer.  SyWa,  8.  t.  1S8. ;  and  our>^.  1409. 

Spec,  Char,^  4'c,  Resembles  the  Dutch  elm.  Branches  rough,  whitish. 
Leaves  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  neariy  equal  at  the  base,  more  or  less 
cordate  there;  serrate  with  unequal  teeth,  rugose,  very  rough,  hairy  on 
both  surfaces  :  they  are  larger,  thicker,  and 
rougher  than  those  of  U,  americana.  Leaf  buds 
tomentose,  with  a  tawny  dense  tomentum :  the^ 
are  larger  and  rounder  than  those  of  U.  amen- 
cana.  Scales  of  the  buds  that  include  the  flowers 
downv.  Peduncles  of  flowers  short.  Samara 
not  fringed,  very  like  that  of  U.  camp^tris; 
orbicular,  or  obovate.  (^Michx,)  Leaves  variable 
in  shape  and  serratures,  but  more  downy  than 
the  other  North  American  elms.  Stamens  5— 7. 
Stiffmas  purplbh.  Samara,  when  young,  downy 
on  both  sides.  A  tree  bearing  a  strong  resem- 
blance to  the  Dutch  elm.  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced  ?  1815. 
Flowers  and  samara  as  in  preceding  species.  i4ot.  u.  (•.)aiTa. 


I 


LXVK    C7LMA^CEA:   PLA^NEILf. 


725 


Distinguished  from  the  white  American  dm  by  its  buds,  which  are  target 
and  rounder ;  and  which,  a  fortnight  before  their  developement,  are  covered 
with  a  russet  down.  It  is  less  abundant  than  the  white  American  elm  ;  and 
the  two  species  are  rarely  found  together,  as  the  red  elm  requires  a  substantial 
soil,  free  from  moisture,  and  even  delights  in  elevated  and  open  situations. 
The  heart-wood  is  coarser-ptuned  and  less  compact  than  that  of  U.  ameri- 
dUia,  and  is  of  a  dull  red  tinge ;  whence  the  name  of  red  elm.  There  are 
small  plants  bearing  the  name  of  U,  ftilva,  in  Loddiees's  arboretum ;  but  they 
are  scarcely,  if  at  all,  distinguishable  from  C7.  americana. 

%  10.  U.  ALA^A  Michx,    The  Wahoo^  or  Corit-winged,  Elm. 

Identificatitm. _}S\€tix.  F1.  Bpr^Amer.,  l.j^  178;^;  Pur^  Sept.,  I. 


l.p.  r 
I.  in ; 


aoa 


1.  p. 

^non^ma.    V.  pOmlla  Walt  PL  Card.  Ill ;  Wahoo,  Indidnt  ^ North  Jmeriea, 
Sngratmtgt.    Michx.  North  Amer.  SyWa,  8.  t.  1S7. ;  and  mirjlg,  1408. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  like  those  of  C&rpinus  ^^tulus  L»  Branches 
bearing  two  longitudinal  corky  wings.  Leaves  with  short  petioles,  and 
disks  that  are  oblong-oval,  narrowed  to  an  acute  point,  almost  equal  at  the 
base,  toothed.  Samara  down;^,  bearing  a  dense  fringe  of  hairs  at  the  edce. 
(Afichx.)  A  middle-sized  deciduous  tree.  Virginia,  Carolina,  and  Georgia, 
Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers  and  samara  as  in  the 
preceding  species. 

The  most  remarkable  part  of  this  species  is,  a  fungous 
u)pendage,  two  or  three  bnes  wide,  attached  to  the  branches 
throughout  their  whole  length;  from  which  the  name  of 
al&ta  (winged)  has  been  given.  The  wood  is  finegrained, 
more  compact,  heavier,  and  stronger  than  that  of  Za  ameri- 
dUia.  The  heart-wood  is  of  a  dull  chocolate  colour,  and 
always  bears  a  great  proportion  to  the  sap-wood.  There 
are  small  plants  in  Messrs.  Loddiges's  collection,  which, 
from  the  leaves,  might  be  taken  for  those  of  U.  (c.)  su- 
ber6sa ;  and  the  engraving  in  Michaux.  from  which  Jig. 
1403.  is  reduced  to  our  usual  scale,  closely  resembles  the 
voung  shoots  and  leaves  of  that  tree  of  U.  (c)  suberdsa 
m  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  of  which  a  plate  is 
given  in  Arb.  Brii,,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vii. 


1M9.  ir.aliM, 


Genus  II. 


M 


PLA'^NERil  Gmel.     The  Planera.     Lin.  SvtU  Polyg^mia  Monoe'cia ;  ot 

Tetr-Pent-6ndria  Digynia. 


JthAianiu  raU.^  GlUdeiui. ;  f/HmiM,  various  autbori,  as  to  the  ritnaa  Riehtrd/. 
Named  In  honour  oi-Plamer^  professor  of  botauj  at  Erftirth,  who  published,  la  1788, 
a  work  entitled  Indea  Plamtmrum  Agri  Erjbrdiauis^  in  one  Tolome  8to. 

Gen.  Char,  Flowers  polygamous  or  moncecious.  —  Female  and  bisexual 
flowers,  Caiyx  bell-shaped,  distinct  from  the  ovary,  membranous,  green, 
of  one  piece,  but  having  5-ciliate  lobes.  Stamens  in  the  bisexual  flower 
4—5,  less  developed  than  those  in  the  male  flower.  Ovary  top-shaped, 
villous.  Stigmas  2,  sessile.  Fruii  roundish,  pointed,  dry.—  Malefloufer. 
Calyx  as  in  tiie  female  and  bisexual  flowers.    Stamens  4^—5.  (G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  toothed, 
feather-nerved.  Flowers  small,  greenish.  FrvH  small,  whitish  when  ripe.  De- 
caying leaves  yellowish  green. — Trees,  deciduous,  natives  of  Asia  and  North 
Amenca,  with  the  aspect  of  the  hornbeam,  and  readihr  uniting  by  grafting 
with  that  tree  or  the  elm.  Bark  scaling  off  like  that  of  the  i'Uitanus.  Pro- 
pagated by  grafting  on  the  elm,  or  by  layers  in  any  common  soil. 

3  A  3 


ARBOKETUH    ET    FRUTtCETUH   BRITANHICUM. 
5  I.  P.  Richa'rd/  Hichx.     Richard's  Planera,  or  ZcOoua  Tree. 

nuDliU  Mltkt.  MItK? tMr  U  ZfUskni  P.  WTHnlftilli  fVaa.  DemL  Brit.  t.l<Ki 
'.  ;  nUniDlu  arplulRiLtui  Po/I.  Ft.  Ron.  ;  A.  Hlmiftdn  CUdciul.  II.  l.p.ail.  nd 

D.  iJ,  ;  U.  pnlfgiimii  mdiaM  Act.  p't^V) 

Z«1tou«,ar  Omudt  SLbfrte.  fV,;  BJctauil'i  kuius,  tnr. 
gmtrariHf.    P*ll.  FI.  RiMi.,  1.  1.  U.i  Dand.  Brtt..t.  IDt.  i  Ilw  ptUM  ol  tUt  trai  In  Atb.  Brit.  IK 
<ait„  loL  lU.  i  VBd  our j<f.  1401, 

Sptc.  Char.,  ^e.      Flowers  solitsry  in  the  txWa  of  leave*  ;  end  both  flowen 
and  leatree  borne  on  «  shoot  that  is  developed  in  the  same  veer  ivith  them- 
selves.     Petiole  of  leaf  not  obvious  (  disk  of  leaf  elliptical,  unequal  at  the 
base,  dentate.  {N.  Du  Ham.)_     A  large  deciduous  tree.     West  of  Aaia,  and 
upon  the  shores  of  the  Caspian  Sea  ;  and  to  Imtretta  and  Oeoreia,  on  the 
south  of  Mount  Caucasus.     Height  50  ft.  to  70ft.     Introduced  m   1760. 
Flowers  greenish  white;  April  and  May.     Fruit  white  ;  ripe  in  October. 
The  base  of  the  trunk  does  not  Bwell  out,  lilie  that  of  moat  otber  trees, 
its  thickness  being  very  little  greater  at  the  surfiwe  of  the  ^uod  than  it  b  at 
the  point  of  ramiScation,      Like  that  of  the  hornbeam,  it  is   marked  with 
longitudinal  furrows,  like  open  gutters.      The 
he^  is  large,  tufted,  and  very  oiuch  brancbedi 
but  the  branches,  though  widely  extended,  are 
more  slender,  and  more  vertical  in  th^  directioii, 
tlian   is  generally  the   <ase  with   forest  trees. 
The  berk  of  the  trunk  is  not  my  and  cracked, 
like  that  of  the  elm  or  the  oak,  but  reaemble* 
rather  that  of  the  hornbeam  or  beech.  In  British 
gardens,  the  rate   of  growth  of  this   tree  b 
similar  to  that  of  the  beech  or  common  horn- 
beam; it  attaining  the  hei^t  of  90  ft.  in  10 
years.      Hie  wood,    when   cut  obliqudy,   re- 
'  sonbles  that  of  the  roUnia,  and  presents,  like 
it,  num^wis   interlacements  of  fibre*.      It  b 
)  veij  heavy,   and,  when  dry,  becomes  so  ex- 
tremely hard,  that  it  is  difficult  to  drive  nub 
I  into  it  with  a  hammer.     In  the  countries  where 
it  U  abundant,  it  b  employed   for  the  same 
luu.  r  RLihudi  purposes  as  oak ; 

and  it  is  found 
to  be  even  superior  to  that  wood  for  furniture. 
Its  colour  is  agreeable ;  it  b  finely  veined  ;  and 
its  texture  b  so  compact,  end  its  ^rain  so  fine, 
as  to  reitder  it  susc^dble  of  the  hi^iest  polish. 


I  e.  P.  GmbYih/  Mich: 


Spec.  Char.,  S/c.  Flowers  in  heads,  opening 
before  the  leaves  are  protruded,  and  borne 
on  branches  or  branchlets,  developed  in  some 
preriouB  year.  Leaf  with  an  obvious  petiole, 
and  a  disk  ovate-acuminate,  equal  at  the  base, 
and  serrate.  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low 
tree.  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  the  banks 
of  the  IiUssissippi.     Height   SO  (i.  to  3D  fi, 


LXVI.    ULMA  CEX  I    CK'LTIS. 


727 


Introduced  in   IB16;  but  rare.    Flowers  small,  greenish  brown;    June. 
Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  September. 

The  leaf  is  much  smaller  than  that  of  P.  RicUirdt,  and  resembles  that  of 
ITlmus  camp^stris,  except  in  being  serrated  with  equal  teeth ;  it  is  of  a  lively 
green  on  the  upper  surfeioe,  and  grey  on  the  under  one.  Only  very  small  plants 
are  in  British  gardens. 

Genus  III. 


as 


CE^LTIS  Toum,    Thb  Cblti?,  or  Nsttlb  Tree.     lAn,  Sytt.  Polygkmia 

MonoeVia,  or  Pentindria  Dig^nia. 


and  Uie  npdlatkm  of  Netde  Tree  relAtae  to  the  ■fanthuri^  of  the  lesTet  to  thoae  of  some  kind  of 
nettle  (iMlca). 

Gen,  Char.  Flowen  bisexual,  monoecious.  Calyx  bell-shapedy  distinct  from 
the  ovary,  5 — 6-parted,  the  segments  imbricate  in  aestivation.  Siameru 
5—6,  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  calyx.  FUamenU  incurved.  Anthers 
cordate,  acuminate.  Stigmas  2,  sessile.  Phai  a  drupe,  subglobose.  (G.  Ihn.) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrate,  unequal  at  the 
base,  in  two  ranks,  and  rough  on  Uie  upper  surface ;  with  tne  primary 
veins  forming  an  acute  angle  with  the  midrib,  and  extending  through  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  disk  of  the  leaf.  Flowers  smul,  greenish. 
Pvlp  of  the  fruit  edible. »-  Trees,  deciduous ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
ana  North  America. 

Varying  in  size  and  foliage,  but  all  bearing  fruit,  which  is  edible,  and, 
though  small,  is  remarkably  sweet,  and  said  to  be  yery  wholesome.  Some  of 
the  species,  according  to  Descemet,  are  very  ornamental ;  particularly  C 
crassiiblia,  the  branches  of  which  assume  the  character  of  a  fan  ;  and  C. 
occidentalis,  the  branches  of  which  droop  like  a  parasoL  The  wood  of  C. 
austriUis  is  valuable  ;  but  that  of  most  of  the  other  species  is  too  weak  to  be 
of  any  use  in  the  arts.  The  leaves  of  all 
the  spedes,  like  those  of  all  the  species  of 
Diosp^ros,  drop^  off  almost  simultaneously, 
and  tnus  occasion  very  little  trouble  to 
the  gardener  in  sweeping  them  up.  Pro- 
pagi£ed  by  layers  or  seeds. 

¥  1.  C.  AUSTRA^is  X.    The  southern 
Celtis,  or  European  Nettle  Tree, 

Identifleation,    Lin.  Spu.  PI.,  147a ;  Duby  et  Dee.  Bot« 

GalUl.p.491. 
Svmtnt^met.     Lbtrn  Arbor  Lo^.  le,  9.  p.  186. ;  Lbtut 

ftlTe  C&tit  Cam.  Epii.  16Al  }  Lote  tree ;   Micoeoaller 

aiutral,  Mlcocouller  de  Prorence,  FabreoouUer,  Fa- 

bregoler  dee  Proren^eux  (lee  H,  D%  Ham.)  i  Ard- 

dtarolo,  Ital, 
Engravings.    Du  Ham.  Arb.,  3.  t.  8. ;  Dend.  Brit ,  t 

lOSi ;  and  0Qr>^.  14061 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate*lanceoIate, 
oblong-lanceolate,  or  acuminate,  argutely 
serrated,  unequal  at  the  base,  rough  on 
the  upper  surface ;  soft,  from  down,  on 
the  under  one.  Flowers  solitary.  (  Willd,) 
A  dedduous  tree.  South  of  Europe, 
North  of  Africa,  and  Asia.  Hdght  30ft. 
to  40  ft.  Introd.1706.  Flowers  greenish  ; 
May.    Fruit  black ;  ripe  in  October. 

3a  4 


1406.    C.  MMtrUls 


728  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETITU  BRrTAHHICDH. 

Variett/.     Brotero,  in  his  Flora  LuiUataca,  mendona  h  Tsiiety  with  vBiiegated 

leares,  that  waa  found  wild  in  PortugsL 

The  tr<e  growa  rapidlj,  more  e^wcially  when  once  ectabliahed,  and  after- 
wards  cut  down  ;  sometimes  producing  ahoota,  in  the  climate  of  Londoo, 
0  or  efcet  in  length.  It  bears  pruning  remartalily  well,  at  every  age.  Ita 
leaves  are  very  leldom  touched  by  inaects,  either  on  the  Continent  or  in 
England  i  and  the  C6asui  Lignip^rda  and  8c61ytui  deatructor,  which  are  ao 
injurious  to  the  timber  of  many  other  trees,  never  touch  either  that  of  Ctitia, 
that  of  Pttnerfl  Richird^  or  that  of  P^rua  S6rbus. 

t  S.  C.  (a.)  CAUCA'stCA  WiOd.     The  Caucamn  CelUa,  or  Nellie  Tne. 
UtnltflcaUm.     Wnid.  ^^^i*-  P-«M.;  PoIrM  In  Sucjzl.  Supply  1.  p. 
W.  J.  Raoka-i 


aUm.    wnid  SE;ri.,*.  p.BW-iPoi 

ht£.     Our  Jig.  Im-  frnn  k  ipsdnHD  : 


^>er.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  «bIoDg,  acuminate,  lerrate  with 
lariie  teeth,  a  little  narrowed  at  the  base  and  almost  equal 
there ;  above,  deep  green ;  beneath,  pale  yellowiah ;  and 
the  veins,  when  seen  under  a  lens,  alittle  hairy.  (Willd.) 
-"-  100.    Int     ■       ■ 


in  ?  IBOO.  Flowera  greenish;  June.  Pruit globose, reddish. 

This  is  very  closely  akin  to  C,  australis ;  but  it  differs 
in  its  leaves  bdng  more  ovate,  having  the  acuminate  part 
shorter,  and  beii^  glabroua. 

I  ■  3.  C  Touhnbpo'rtw  Lam.     Toumefort'a  Celtis,  or  Nellie  Tree. 

n.  EncTCl.,  4.  f.  Itl.  i  WUld.  Sp.  FL,  L  p.  «M.  ;  K.  Du  Him_  t  p.  n. 

imaik nitiwr, toUli  mtnorlbu N enwloTUiniJnicw  liTO,  Timrw.  Or. «:  I 


orkMlUi  Mia.  Dia.  » 


\ 


■rse- 


Lxn.  [7I.ha''cE£  :  ce'ltis.  729 

Spec.(Sun:,^c.  LeBTefl,wheD  adult,  ovate,  acute,  unequal  at  the  bMe,crenBtel7 
■emte,  rougbiah  on  Ehe  upper  surTace  ;  vhen  foUDg,  subcordate  at  the  base- 
Fruit  yellow,  becoming  brown.  A  low  tree,  or  large  ehrub.  Armenia. 
Height  10  ft,  to  18  n,  IntrodJn  1739.  Leaves  bluntUh,  rough  on  both  sur- 
faces, gloMy.  Flowering  and  fruiting  at  the  same  time  aa  C.  austriklis.. 
ThiB  species  is  readily  known  from  all  others,  in  winter,  by  its  fbrming  a 
compact  upright-branched  bush,  or  low  tree ;  and,  in  suininer,  by  the  dnp 
green  and  dense  mass  of  its  rigid- looking  foliage.      It  is  rather  more  leader 


1  ■  4.  C.  (T.)  sinb'nsib  Pen.    The  China  Celtis,  or 

Nettle  Tree. 

UntljIeUlim.     Pan.  Sjn.,  1.  p.  m  i   Rom.  M  Sdnill.  Sjn.  \<^.,  s. 

sivn»*W.     OvJIg.  ItOR.  ITOpi  ■  •pacLsai  In  Bb  W.  J.  HocAet'i  hn- 

^)ee.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves   broad-ovate,   obtuse,   crenate, 
largish,  glabrous;  veins  prominent.  (Pert.)    Alow  de- 
dduoustree.  China.  Hei^t  18ft.  to  15ft. 
The  plant  of  this  kind,  in  the 

Horticultural    Society's     Garden, 

seems  to  diB^  very  little,  if  at  all, 
■lo*.  -  I-  ]  ■  ■  ■       from  C.  TonmefiSrtn. 

1  5.  C.  WllxnKNOVM"WJ  Schultes,    WindenoVs 
CeltU,  or  NetOe  Tree. 

1Si!!i»^C.  ^^lit  Willi.  Eiwm.  Gap^  p.  O.,  Weu.  Baiaa. 
Our  Jig-  MIO.  tma  ft  ipAclmaii  In  Sir  W.  J.  HDoLer'i 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.      Leaves  ovate,  oblong    acuminate, 
narrowed  to  the  base,  serrate  from  the  middle  to  the 
t^j  ;  above,  glabrous  J  beneath,  rouihish.  (rScAuAffi.) 
A  deciduous  tree.    China.    Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.     '  v 
Introduced  ?.  mg.  i 

I  6.  C  ocgidehta'ub  L.  The  western  Celtis,  or  North  Anteriean  Keltic  TWe, 
■-'m.^'ii.  I  C.  oblligu  VbiUI  |  MMtIa  Tne, 
I.  ItT  i  tlm  plUn  U  ait  ipadH  In  Alb.  Brit, 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-acuminate,  unequal  at  the  base,  serrate,  rough 
on  the  upper  surface,  hairyon  tbe  under  one.  Fowers  solitaiy.  Leaves 
serrate,  with  equal  teeth.  Flowers,  in  the  lower  part  of  the  branch,  3  in  an 
axil ;  in  the  upper  part,  1  only  in  an  axil.  Fruit  obscurely  piirplish.  (Ram. 
el  ScAuU.)  A  deciduous  tree,  very  etoscly  aiiin  to  C.  aostrilis.  Canada  to 
Carolina,  in  woods  and  near  rivers.  Hdiht  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced 
in  1656.  Flowers  small,  greenish ;  May.  Fruit  purpliih ;  ripe  in  October. 
FarieHet. 

I  C.  0.  2  cordila  Willd..  Willd.  Baumi.  p.  82.— Leaves  subcordate  at 
the  base,  very  acuminate ;  above,  less  rough  ;  beneath,  more  veiny ; 
disk  3  in.  to  4  in.  long. 
i  C.  0.  3  teaMiUcuh  Willd.  8p.  PI.  iv.  p.  995.  C.  austrilU  WUld.  Arb. 
56. ;  C  ?  o.  |3  tenuiBlia  Pert.  Ss/n-  ■  -  p.  298. :  C.  sspem  Lodd.  Cat. 
ed.  1836;  C.  orientUis  Hurt. — Leaves  shorter,  more  slender,   less 


ARBOTtETUM    ET   PRtmcETDM  BRITAVNICUM. 


acuminate  ;  rou^iUh  above,  in  aoine  ioitancn  glabrous  ;  disk   of 
leaf  H'm.  to  Sin.  long.     Louisiana. 
Very  hardy  end  ornamentBl  (  end  it  poosesaes  the  property  of  keeping  on 
ill  iu  leaves  very  late,  and  then,  like  the  other  spedea,  drop|Hng  tbem  all 


at  once,  lo  diat  thej  may  be  swept  away  nt  one  time  for  litter.  C.  occiden- 
t&lis  a  readily  known  from  C,  austTHlis  by  ita  leaves  being  larger,  and  of  ■ 
lighter  and  more  shining  green,  and  its  wood  being  of  a  lighter  colour  in  win- 
ter. The  leaves  aliio  die  offiooner,  andofabri^teryellowr,  than  dioseof  the 
European  species.  It  is  more  bardy,  and  is  readily  propagated  t^  layen  or  by 
seeds  in  any  common  soil. 

T  7.  C.  CRASStFOLU  Lavi.     The  thkk-lesved  Celtis,  or  Hadcberry. 

MtmMaOlim.    Lun.  Bnncl,.  t.  p.  I39L  I  Pnnll  BM.,  I.  f.  9W. 

JVWarnfl.    C.  conllRiUa  L'HiTil.  Hart.  Par.  i  t.  coriUU  Dt^iiU.  L   1.  p.  4U. :  Hutwrn  ar 

^aOftih,  Amrr.;  HtclKXiultei  t  FeuUIn  en  Cour,  fV-. 
fi^roHngt.  HIchi.  Nanh  Amu,  SjUt,  1.  C.  IIL  ;  II.  Du  Hub., 

^ec.  Char.,  Ifc.     Leaves  with   disks  ovate-acumi- 
nate, ein.  long.  Sin.  to  4 in.  broad;  heart-shaped, 

auricled  and  unequal  at  the  base;  serrated  with 

unequal   teeth,  rather  leathery,  rough  on  both 

BurfaceB.      Flowers    1 — 2   upon   the    peduncle.  ' 

Young    branches    downy.      Bark    red    brown. 

Leaves   5  in.  lonb  or  more.      Petioles  sliebtly 

hairy,  3 — 6  Imes  bng.    Flowers  much  like  those 

of  C.  BUBCralia,  upon  slender  peduncles ;  the  pe- 
duncles  of  the  ti-uit  longer  than  the  petioles. 

Fruit  of  the  uze  of  the  bird-cheTTy.  (^Lanardc.) 

A  deciduous  tree,  nearly  allied  to  C.  ocddcntalia. 

Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee,  on  the  banks 

of  rivers,  and  in  valley's  in  fertile  soil.     Heigbt 

Wh.   to  soft.     Introduced  in  1818.    Flowers 

greenbh  ;  May.    Fruit  black  j  ripe  in  Octobv. 
*  8.  C.  i^xvioaTa  Willd.     The  g[abrouaJ«aEwd  Celtia,  or  Nettie  Tree. 
IrfrMiAHMH.    WUM.  Enn.SuppL.  p.<8.  i  WDM.  Bmdu.,  p.U.;  Bon.  M  SchuU.  Sfrt.  VH'> 


o> 


LXVII,    /UOLANDA  CEA. 


Leaves  ovete-UnceoUte,  subcor- 
date  at  the  base,  nearly  entire;  flUbroui  on  the 
upper  nirbce  i  roughiih  upon  the  Teini  on  the 
undn*  one.  {WUU.)  Louitiana.  A  very  doubtful 
ipecieti.    Not  ;et  introduced. 

•  9.  C.V 


Mmfrmimg.    Our  Jig,  1414.  Iran  ■ 
■pedum  In  Sic  W.  J.  Esoku'* 

Spec,    Char.,   rjc.       Leavca 
ovate,   acuminate,  lerrste  with  equal  teeth  ;  un- 
equal  at  the  base ;  downy  while  ;oung,  afterward* 
nearly    gUbroua 


Flowers  3  upon 
i  apeduncle,  PVuit 

\  Bolitary,      ovate. 

(PurtA,)AKnaa 
itu-  -j-  -  straggling deddU' 

ous  bush.  Mary- 
land and  Virginia,  on  the  banks  of  riven. 
Height?.  IntTod.  in  1818.  Flowers  green- 
ish ;  May.     Fruit  black  -,  ripe  in  October. 

C.  orinlaUt  Un.  (R.  Hal.,  i.  t.  40. ;  and 
our^.  1416.)iB  a  native  of  the  Hioialayas  : 
introduced  in  1880.  In  foliage  it  resembles 
C.  occident^lis :  but  we  have  only  seen  a 
very  small  plant  of  it,  against  a  woU,  in  the 
Horticultural  Sodety^s  Garden, 


Ordbr  LXVII.    JUGLANDA'CEjE. 

OXD.  Chad.  Fkvxn  unisexual. — Malejlowert  disposed  in  aments,  each  with  a 
scale-like  oblique,  or  8-  or  6-lobed,  perianth.  Slametii  liypogynous,  ind^ 
finite.  AtUhert  innate. — Female  fiouieri  having  ■  double  or  single  feriauth, 
which  idherea  to  the  ovarium  ;  the  outer  one  4-cleft,  and  tne  inner  of 
4  separate  parts,  when  present,  Otarium  t-celled,  ovule  erect.  Styltt 
1 — S,  or  wantine,  Dnpe  fleshy,  containing  a  1-cclled,  8 — l-valved, 
rvgged  nut.  Embryo  with  cerebrifonn  convolutions,  more  or  less  Uobed, 
covered  by  a  membranous  testa.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaflet  conipound,  Blteroate,  eiitipulate,  deciduous ;  with  many  leaflets. 
Flowen  axillary,  the  males  in  catkins,  and  the  females  sesule,  or  on  short 
stalks.  — Trees,  deciduous  j  natives  of  Asia  end  North  America;  propagated 
by  seeds.     The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus  contradistinguished  :  — 

J^u'oLAMB  L.  Flowers  monmciouE.    Stamens  numerous.    Covering  of  the  out 


732  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Ca^rya  NtUL    Flowers  monoecious.    Stamens  4—6.  Corering.of  the  nut  ia 

4  pieces. 
Ptbroca^ya  Kunth,    Flowers  monoecious.    Stamens  numerous,     Coyering 

of  the  nut  winged. 

Genus  L 


JITGLANS  L.    The  Walnut  Tree.     Lin,  Sj^si.  Monce'da  Polyandria. 

IdeHtifieatiom.    Schrab.  Lin.  Gen.,  No.  1446l  ;  Natt.  Gen.  N.  Amer.  PL,  S.  p.  390. 

AMMmyiiMS.    Noyer,  Fr. ;  WalouM.  Oer.\  Noce,  ItaL 

Derivation.  JdgUnt  li  contracted  from  Jovis^  JoTe's,  and  f  tou,  a  matt,  or  aoorn  ;  and  was  aspUed 
bf  the  Roman  wrltert  to  thl«  tree,  on  account  of  the  ei.cellence  of  it*  frtdt  at  Ibod,  oomparen  with 
other  maata  or  acorns ;  the  onlj  fpedet  that  wa*  knowu  to  the  Bonuuu  harlng  bean  the  JhglaBa 
r^gla,  or  common  wahiut  tree. 

Gen,  Char.,  ^c.  Flowert  unisexual,  monoecious. — Maleflovoen  in  cylindrical, 
drooping,  solitary  catkins.  CcUyje  of  &—^  scales.  Stamens  18—36. — JFV- 
male  fiowert  solitary  or  a  few  in  a  group,  terminal  upon  a  shoot  developed 
in  the  same  year.  Calyx  ovate,  including  and  adhering  to  the  ovar)'.  Peiak 
4.  Slwnuu  2 — 3,  fleshy.  FhtU  a  drupe.  Covering  of  the  nut  a  fleshv 
husk  of  1  piece  that  bursts  irregularly.  Nut  woody,  or  2  valves.  {G.  IXnu) 
Leaves  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous ;  imparipinnate,  of  5-— 
19  leaflets,  all  but  the  terminal  one  m  opposite  or  nearly  opposite  pairs;  all 
serrate,  and  all  spreading  in  one  plane.  Flowen  greenish.  Decaying  leaves 
brown. — Trees  oeciduous,  natives  of  Asia  and  North  America,  with  coarse- 
grained wood ;  and  fruit,  in  one  species  at  least,  much  esteemed  at  the  dessert, 
and  valuable  for  the  oil  which  it  contains. 

The  trees  belonging  to  this  order  bear,  with  only  two  to  three  excqitions,  so 
close  a  resemblance  to  one  another  in  their  young  state  (in  which  state  alone 
most  of  them  are  to  be  seen  in  Britain),  that  we  have  been  unable  to  satisfy 
ourselves  as  to  what  are  species,  and  what  are  only  varieties.  Michaux  has 
arranged  the  species  in  the  two  following  sections  :  — 

§  L  Simple  Amenlt.  Growth  rapid,  —  1.  Juglans  r^gia  L,  8.  J,  nigra  L, 
3.  J,  cathdrtica  iliicAjr.,  syn.  J.  cinerea  L,  The  order  of  the  flowering  of 
these  species  in  England  is,  first  J,  r^gia,  then  J,  cinerea,  in  a  few  days  t?ker 
which  the  catkins  of  J,  nigra  expand.  The  order  of  fruiting  is  diflerent ;  for, 
while  the  fruit  of  the  common  walnut  begins  to  drop  in  the  first  or  second 
week  in  September,  that  of  the  black  walnut  does  not  fall  till  the  end  of  the 
same  month,  and  that  of  the  grey  walnut  not  till  the  banning  of  October. 
To  this  section  may  be  added  J  /htxinifolia  L,,  recently  separated  from  </ilkglans 
as  the  genus  Pterocarya. 

§  ii.  Compound  Amentt^  each  Peduncle  bearing  three.  Growth  slow,  —  1.  Ju- 
glans  olivaef6rmis  JlitcAjr.  (syn.  C^rya  olivaefdrmis  Nutt,),  2.  J.  amara  Michx, 
{C,  amkn  Nutt,).  3.  J,  aquatica  Michx,  (C  aquatica  Nuii,),  4. «/.  tomen> 
tosa  il^c^.  (C,  tomentosa  Nutt,),  5.  J.  squamosa  ilitcAx.  (C.  4]ba  Nutt.), 
6.  J.  ladniosa  Michx,  (C,  lacini6sa  Nutt,),  7.  J,  porclna  Michx,  {C,  porclna 
Nutt,),    8.  J,  myri8ticsf6rmi8  MitJix,  (6.  myristicifdrmis  Nutt,), 

9  },J,  RE^oiA  L,    The  royal,  or  comtnoHy  Wahiut  Tree. 

iHentifieaUon.    Un.  Hort.  Cliff.,  p.  449. ;  WUld.  Arbi.  15&  j  Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  456. 

Synamtftnet.    N^x  Jhglana  Dwi,  Petnpi,  816. ;  Ndx  Jhfflani,  leu  rigia  rulgiils,  Bmmk.  Mi.  417.  s 

Nojer  commuD,  Pr. ;  Nosegoler  Provence ;  gemelne  Walnuss,  Ger, 
Engra9ing$.    Michx.  N.  Amer.  SyUa,  t.  S9. ;  the  platcf  ol  thii  tree  In  Afb.  Brit.,  lit  edit.,  toL  tH.  t 

and  oury^.  1416. 

Spec,  Char,,  i^c.  Leaflets  in  a  leaf,  5—9 ;  oval,  glabrous,  obscurely  serrated. 
Fruit  oval,  situated  upon  a  short  inflexible  jjeduncle.  Nut  rather  oval, 
rather  even.  A  laree  aeciduous  tree.  Persia,  in  the  extensive  province  of 
Ghilan,  on  the  Caspian  Sea,  between  35''  and  40"^  of  latitude.  Height  40  ft. 


LXVII.  JVOhAKDA^CEJE  :  JU^GLANS.  738 

to  60  ft.  In  cultivation  in  England  since  1562,  and  probably  long  before. 
Flowers  greenish;  April  and  May.  Fruit  with  a  green  husk,  enclosing 
a  brown  nut ;  ripe  in  September.    Decaying  leaves  brown. 

Varieiiet* 

S  J.  f .  2  mSjmna,  Nax  Jii^flans  fructu  m&ximo  Bauh,  Pin,  417. ;  Noix 
de  Jauge  Bon  Jard,  ed.  1836  p.  473. ;  Clawnut  in  Kent^  Bannut  m 
Warwickshire,  —  This  variety  has  the  fruit  double  the  size  of  that 
of  the  species,  being  sometimes  nearly  as  large  as  a  turkey's  egg ;  but, 
in  drying,  the  kernel  shrinks  to  one  half  its  size ;  and,  hence,  the  fruit 
of  this  variety  is  not  good  for  keeping,  but  ought  to  be  eaten  directly 
after  being  gathered.  The  leaves  are  large,  and  the  tree  has  a  mag- 
nificent appearance ;  but  its  timber  is  not  nearly  so  durable  as  that 
of  the  common  walnut. 

S  J.  r.  3  ienera,  Ndx  Jiiglans  fHictu  t^nero  et  fragile  put&mine  Bauh, 
Pin,  417. ;  Noyer  k  Coque  tendre,  Noyer  M^sange  Bon  Jardiniere 
1.  c.,  Noyer  de  Mars  m  JDavpkin^ ;  the  thin-shelled,  or  Titmouse, 
Walnut.  (See  Hort,  TYatis^  vol.  iv.  p.  517. ;  and  E,  of  Gard,,  ed. 
1834,  p.  942.)  —  The  last  name  is  given  to  this  kind  of  walnut, 
because  its  shell  is  so  tender,  that  the  birds  of  the  titmouse  family 
(m^sange,  Fr,)  (Piirus  major  L.;  P.  caerikleus  L,;  and  also  P. 
ater  and  P.palustris  L,)  pierce  it  with  their  bilb,and  eat  the  kernel, 
leaving  the  remmning  part  of  the  fruit  on  the  tree.  This  variety  has 
the  most  delicate  fruit  of  all  the  walnuts :  it  keeps  longer,  and  pro- 
duces more  oil ;  but  it  is  not  so  good  a  bearer  as  the  other  sorts. 

S  'J.  r,  4  terotina  Desf.  Nxxx  Juglans  ftuctu  8er6tino  Bauh,  Pin.  417.; 
Noyer  tardif,  Noyer  de  la  Saint-Jean  Bon  Jard,  ed.  1836  p.  472., 
Noyer  de  Mai  in  DauphinS.  —  This  is  a  most  valuable  vanety  for 
those  districts  where  the  frosts  continue  late  in  spring. 

¥  J.  r.  5  laanidia.  Nux  Jikglans  foliis  laciniiitis  Reneaulm,  y,  Du  Ham, 
iv.  p.  174. ;  Jiiglans  heteroph^lla  Hort, ;  X/ilicifolia  Lodd,  Cat,  ed. 
1836;  the  Fern-leaved  Walnut  Tree. — ^^  Has  cut  leaves,  somewhat 
like  those  of  i^xinus  excelsior  ralicifolia. 

Other  Varieties,  The  above  are  the  most  remarkable  and  valuable  of  the 
varieties  of  the  common  walnut ;  the  first  three,  on  account  of  their  fruit ; 
and  the  last,  as  a  curiosity,  on  account  of  its  leaves.  But  in  the  Bon  Jar^ 
dhder  five  others  are  enumerated  ;  and  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Frtdt 
Catalogue  for  1832  nine  are  given,  of  which  the  most  valuable  for  cultivation 
for  its  fruit  is  the  Highflier ;  a  variety  which  was  originated  at  Thetford,  in 
Norfolk,  and  which  is  held  in  much  esteem  in  that  county  and  in  Suffolk. 
{Hort,  Trans.^  iv.  p.  517. ;  and  E,  ofGard,^  ed.  1835,  p.  942.)  There  is  also 
the  Yorkshire  walnut,  which  is  much  planted  in  that  county.  The  varieties 
recommended  by  Mr.  Thompson,  as  having  proved  the  most  prolific  in  the 
Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  are :  the  Round  early  oval ;  the  Double  large 
French,  No.  1.  above  ;  the  Tender- shelled.  No.  2.;  and  the  Thick-shelled. 
In  the  gardens  of  the  Trianon,  near  Paris,  there  is  a  hybrid  between  Ju- 
glans  rd^  and  J,  nigra,  which  partakes  in  an  equal  degree  of  the  properties 
of  both  species,  and  has  ripened  fruit  from  which  young  plants  nave  been 
raised  possessing  similar  properties.  (See  Gard,  Mag.^  vol.  xvi.) 

The  wood  of  the  walnut  weighs  58  lb.  8  oz.  in  a  green  state ;  and  when 
dried,  46  lb.  8  oz.  It  is  white  in  young  trees,  and  in  that  state  is  subject  to  be 
worroeaten ;  but,  as  the  tree  grows  old,  the  wood  becomes  solid,  compact, 
easy  to  work,  and  acquires  a  brown  colour,  veined,  and  agreeably  shaded  with 
light  brown  and  black.  The  most  valuable  part  of  the  walnut  is  its  fruit,  which 
is  much  in  demand  throughout  Europe  ana  other  parts  of  the  world,  for  the 
table,  and  for  various  otlier  purposes.  In  a  young  and  green  state,  it  is  pickled 
and  preserved ;  and,  when  mature,  it  is  used  as  food  for  the  poorer  classes  in 
the  countries  where  it  abounds,  and  at  the  dessert  of  the  richer  classes.  An  oil 
is  expressed  from  the  kernel  in  some  parts  of  France,  Switzerland,  and  Italy. 


ARBOBETUH    BT   FRDTICETUH   BRITAMNfCCM. 


734 

The  ^«cie«  ia  propagated  bj  the  nut  t  which,  when  the  tree  ii  to  be  po*a 
chiefly  for  its  tiniber,  a  best  sown  where  it  ii  Gnalty  to  remain,  on  account  of 
the  taproot,  which  urill  thus  have  ita  full  influence  on  theTigourandprotperit; 
of  the  tree.  Where  the  tree  ia  to  be  grown  for  fruit  on  dry  soils,  or  in  rocky 
■ituatioiis,  it  ou^t  also  to  be  sown  where  it  is  fioally  to  remain,  for  the  sr 
r^Bons.  In  s^s  on  moUt  or  other- 
wise unfovourable  subsoils,  if  sown 
where  it  b  finally  to  remain,  a  tile, 
alate,  or  flat  stone,  should  be  placed 
under  the  nut  at  the  depth  of  3  or 
4  inches,  in  order  to  give  tne  taproot  a 
horizontal  direction  ;  or,  if  tnia  pr^ 
caution  has  been  ne^ected,  after  the 
plants  have  come  up,  the  taproot 
may  be  cut  through  with  a  ipade  6  or 
elnchra  below  the  nut,  as  is  sometimes 
practised  in  nurseries  with  young 
plants  of  the  horsechestnut,  sweet 
chestnut,  walnut,  and  oak.  On  the 
other  hand,  when  thewatnut  is  planted 
in  soil  which  has  a  dry  or  rocky  subsoil, 
or  among  rocks,  no  precaution  of  this 
sort  is  necessary  :  on  the  contniy,  it 
would  be  iiyuHous,  bv  preventing  the 


I  subsoil 
which,  from  the  nature  of  the  surface 
soil,  it  could  not  there  obtain.  The 
varieties  may  be  propagated  by  bud- 
ding, grafting,  inarching,  or  layering,  m  .. 

the  lurgeat  size  in  a  deep  loamy  soil,  diy  rather  than  moist ;  but  the  fruit 
has  the  best  flavour,  and  produces  most  oil,  when  the  tree  is  grown  in  caJ* 
careous  soils,  or  among  calcareous  rocks  :  in  a  wet-bottomed  schI,  whatever 
may  be  the  chaiBcter  of  the  surtace,  it  will  not  thrive. 

t  i,  J.  m'anA  L.     The  \AacV~wooded  Walnut  Tree. 

IdmlUlcMiim.     Lin.  Rort.  Cliff.,  p.  M9.  i  Wllld.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  B.  US.  i  Punh  Sept.,  1.  p.  CM. 
Sr'Uirma.    TIh  btook  WUnut.  Urn  UnA  Htckgrj  Hut.  K  Jmrr.  i  UtrT-  nXr,  f(.  (  Nan  Hn. 

£wr«Aui.  Hlctai.  Arta.,  t. 
I.I.I  Kirbx.  Mimh  Adht. 
STlti,  I.  ao.  I  DtnL  BrIL,  t. 

Sptc.Ciar.,4'c.  Leafleta, 
inaleaf,  13— 17;  cor< 


qual  at  the  base,  ser- 
rated,   and   somewhat 

downy ;  lateral  ones  ' 
upen  short  petiolules. 
Fruit  ^obose,  rou^ish 
with  minute  prominent 
points,  situated  upon  a 
Bliort  inflexible  pedun- 
cle. Nut  globose,  sonie- 
what  compressed  at  the 
sides,  ridged  and  fur- 
rowed. iMMr.)  A 
large   deciduous   tree. 


LXVII.   J1]GLANDA*CE£  :    CA^RYA.  735 

N«w  En^and  to  Florida,  in  fertile  loil  is 

lotroduced  in  1656.     Flowers  gree 

gjTMD  busk,  enclosing  >  brown  nut. 
Varietia.    None  are  in  cultifatian ;  but  a  hybrid  between  this  q>eciea  nnd 

J.  nigra  bai  been  noticed  in  p.  733. 

The  growth  of  the  tree  is  remarkably  quick,  more  ao  than  that  of  the  Eu- 
n^iean  walnut.  At  8  or  10  jears  of  age  it  beeini  to  bear,  and  ^  increases 
its  fertility.  No  tree  will  grow  under  its  shade,  and  eren  grass  is  injured  by 
it.  In  40  years,  in  ^d  soil,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  from  SO  (t.  to  60  ft. 
The  heart-wood,  which  is  black,  remainB  sound  for  a  long  period,  when  ex- 
posed to  best  and  moisture ;  but  the  suvwood  speedily  decays.  When  pro- 
perly seasoned,  the  wood  is  strong,  tough,  and  not  liable  to  warp  or  split.  It 
IS  never  attacked  by  wotdib,  and  has  a  grain  sufficiently  fine  and  compact  to 
admit  of  a  beautilul  polish.  The  tree  is  universally  raised  from  (he  nut,  which, 
aller  being  imported,  ou^t  to  be  sown  immediately,  as  it  seldom  retains  its 
Tital  power  more  than  six  mondis  after  it  has  ripened. 

7  3.  J.  ciNa'mRA  L.     The  pty-brmuAtd  Walnut  Tree,  or  BuUer-nut. 

I  WlUd.  Sp.  P1.,«,  P.4M.I  Pdnfaaiiit.,  l.p.a«. 
Iwr.  %Jw  I.  f.  ISO— 1S9,  t.  SI..;  J.  abidagk  Mill.  Did,  Ko.J.j 
Nonn-  omdrf ,  Fr.  \  snufl  WBtnul,  Oer. 
I  Uldii.  Nnitb  Ann.  Sfiit,  L  11.  i  ud  aaiff  '^IB. 
^)rc.  Char.,   ^c.     Petiole  villoua.     Leaflets,  in   a  leaf,  15 — 17;   lanceolate, 

rounded  at  the  base,  serrate  with  shallow  teeth ;  tomentose  beneath ;  lateral 

ones  sessile.  Fruit  obloDg-OTate, 

with  a  tapered  tip,  downy,  co- 
vered with  viscid  matter  in  small 

transparent  gland  ed   hurs,  pen- 
dulous  on  a  flexible  peduncle. 

Nut   oval,   with   an    acuminate 

tip,  very  rough  with  prominent 

irr^iular   rid^s.    (J^kAt.)      A 

large  deciduous  tree.   Canada  to 

Virginia,  and  on  the  Alleghany  . 

Mountains.  HragbtSOftto  SOfl. 

Introduced   in   1656.      Flowers 

greenish;  April  and  Uay.     Fruit  ' 

a  green  busk,  enclosing  a  brown 

nut  i  ripe  in  October. 

This  species  grows  with  equd 
r^idity,  when  young,  as  the  J.  < 
n^ra  1  but  the  trunk  ramifies  at  a 
leas  height;  and  the  brsnches  ex- 
tending more  horizontally  than 
those  of  most  other  trees,  and 
spreading  widely,  a  large  and  flat 
tufted  head  is  formed,  which  ^ves 
the  tree,  in  America,  more  espe- 
daUy  m  exposed  situations,  a  moat  remarkable  ^ipewance. 


:    Thb  Carta,  or  Hiciosi  TsLX.    Tm.  SytU 
Monce'cia  Tetr-Hex4ndria. 

Amer.  rL,l.  p.  nO.;  Llndlty  Nu.  B;il.  of  Bat.,  p.  IN. 


ARBORETCM    ET    FRDTICETUM    BRITAHNICOM. 


Dale,  and  lesTca  dl  upon  ■ 
aboat  dereloped  from  one  bud  in  theyear  of  the  flowering.  The  male  flowers 
borne  at  the  base  of  the  shoot,  below  the  leaves,  or  in  the  axils  of  the  loner 
leaves  ;  the  female  flowers,  a  few  together  about  the  tip  of  the  shoot. — Afale 
fioxoert  in  slender  pendulous  catkins,  that  are  disposed  3  upon  a  pediiDcle, 
CafturaS-partedmuiuteleaf,  SlanieTui — 6, — Femait flowcri.  CoW including 
andHdhenug  to  the  ovvy  1  its  tip  free,  and  4-cle(t.  SUgna  sesaile  upon  the 
ovary,  partly  discoid,  S— 44obed  Fruit  a  drupe.  Hiuk  fleshy,  aeparodi^ 
into  4  equal  valvei.  Ifut  with  4  or  more  bluutiBh  angles  in  its  transvenc 
outline;  the  surface  pretty  even.  {G.  Don.) 

heaeet  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  dedduous ;  imparipinnate,  of 
S — 15  leaflets,  serrate;  all,  except  the  tenninal  one,  in  opposite,  or  nearif 
opposite,  pairs  i  and  all  niresding  in  one  plaae.  Floaen  greenish.  Decaying 
leaves  brown.  —  IVees,  deciduous;  natives  of  North  America  i  the  rate  ot 
growth  slower  than  a  Jil^ans,  and  the  bail  appearing  reticulated. 
When  propagated,  the  nuts  thould,  if  possible,  be  planted  where  the  trees 
are  intended  to  remain,  as  most  of  the  species  have  very  long  taproots,  which 


«  nearly  destitute  of  fibres.     This  remark,  however,  does  not  apply  to 
niLra,  which,  like  Jiiglans  nigra,  has  abundance  of  Gbrous  roots.     Ine  pig- 
it  (C.  porcina)  and  the  ma<ier-nut  (C.  tomentAsa)  are  considered  to  afRNrd 


T  \. C. ol.n Sto'Mtn  Nvit.  The  olive-shaped  Carya.or/'acinie-fiHiifiatiny. 

MtMValltm.    Natl.  G«.  N.  Ama.  F].,  p.  HI. 

• nj ki_n_^.  Sn„.  i.  p.  Bl,  t  BS.t  J.  i^lWaAlict  Lorn.  EaaiA,  K.  Dn  BmH. 

■    ■    -       "-t.  Saal.  Borol.  S.  p.  Sn.  :  J.  uuniUIMU  Ml. 

—     -  I.  liuDoiTMnt, -<iiw.  1 


^ifc.  Char.,  ^.  Leaflets,  in 
a  leaf,  13 — 15;  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrate ;  lateral  ones 
nearly  sessile,  and  somewhat 
felcate.  Fruit  oblong,  widest 
i^ve  the  middle.  Fruit 
and  nut  each  with  four 
angles  in  its  Inuisverse  out-  £ 
line.  Nut  in  form  and  7iiie 
compared  with  the  fruit  of 
the  olive,  narrowly  elliptical. 
(AfiicAjr.)  A  large  deciduous 
tree.  Banks  of  lheOhio,Mi»- 
sissippi,  and  other  rivers  in 
Upper  Louisiana.  Height 
60  f^.  to  70  n.  Introduced 
in  1766.  Flowers  greenish  j 
April  and  Muy.  Fruit  with 
a  ere^  \\at!k,  enclodog  a 
yellowish  nut.  / 

The  shell  is  smoolh  and 
thin,  but  too  hard  to  be 
broken  by  the  Gngert.     The 


LXVII.   JVOLAVDA'CES  I    Ca'bYA.  737 

kernel  ia  full,  and,  not  bang  divided  hj  Ugneoua  partitions,  is  easilf  ex- 
irected,  and  of  an  agreeable  taste.  The  wood  is  coarse-grained,  and,  like 
Uiat  of  the  other  hickories,  is  heavy  and  compact,  possessing  ereat  strength 
and  durability.  The  uuls  are  exported  to  the  West  Indies,  and  to  the  ports 
of  the  United  States  j  and  Michaux  considers  them  as  more  delicately  flavoured 
than  an;  of  the  nuts  of  Europe. 

1  2.  C.  ana'ra  AW/.     The  bitter-nu/  Carja,  or  Hickory. 
UatMcatlaii.    Null.  Gen.  V.  Aner.  1%  1.  p.  US 
o. ct-iani  unlum  Mlclu.  Ari.  1.  p.  ITO. ;  BlUar-iiut,  Wbiu  Hickory,  Smmp  Hlckarr, 


Engrmiiigi.    Hkdii.  North  Aser,  Bjlci,  1. 1.  D.  i  and  oar  /If.  I4M. 

^c.  Oiar.,  S^c,     Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  7 — 9 ;  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  serrate 

with  deep  (eeth,  glabrous  i  lateral  ones  sessile.     Sets  of  catkins  in  pairs. 

Fruit  roundish-ovate,  bearing,  in  its  upper  half,  4  win^like  tidg        ''  ~  '~ 


Introduced   i 

Flowers  greenish;  April.     Fruit  with  a  greenish  husk,  enclosing  a  whit« 
nul;  ripe  in  October. 

Hie  fruit  is  very  small,  and  produced  in  great  abundance.  The  busk,  which 
is  thin,  Aeshy,  and  surmounted  on  its  upper  half  by  4  appenda^  in  tbe  form 
of  wings,  never  becomes  ligneous,  like  tnose  of  the  other  hickories,  but  softens 


and  decays.     The  shell  is  smooth,  white,  and   thin  enough  to  be  broken  with 
tbe  fin^rs ;  the  kernel  is  remarkable  for  the  deep  inequalities  produced  on 
every  side  by  its  foldingn.     It  is  so  harsh  and  bitter,  that  squirrels  and  other 
animals  will  not  feed  upon  it  while  any  other  nut  is  to  be  found. 
I  3.  C.  aqUa'tICa  Null.     The  aquatic  Carya,  or  Water  Bitlrr-ntU  Hiekory. 

SnoMvme.    .Ajeiuu  HuliUai  MitJu.  Arh.  l.p.  1S3. 

AfrnAv-    Mlchi,  NorthAtiMt.  S]iln.(.M.i  ud  outAj.  I41l,indltn. 

Spec,  Char.,  ifc.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  9 — 1 1  ;  narrowlv  lanceolate,  serrate. 
Very  similar  to  the  leaves  of  Persica  vul^ris  Mill. ;  the  lateral  ones  sessile. 
Fruit  peduncled,  ovate,  with  4  mtber  prominent  ridges  at  the  seams  of  the 
husk.  Nut  broadly  oral,  angular,  a  little  dqiressed  at  the  sides,  roughish, 
reddish.  (^Michx.)  A  middle -sizeil  deciduous  tree.  South  Carolina  to 
Georgia,  in  swamps  and  rice  Relds.     Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.     {ntroduced 


.  The  water  Utter-nut  hickory  is  a  tree  with  rather  slender  branches.  Its 
leaves  are  8  or  9incheslong,  andof  a  beautiiiil  green  :  they  are  composed  of  4 
or  5  pairs  ofsessile  leaflets,  surmounted  by  a  petiolated  odd  one.    Tlie  Icnflula 


738  ARBORETUM   BT  FRDTICBTtlH   BRlTAHMtCUM. 

tie  Mmted,  long  in  proportion  to  thdr  breadth,  utd  very  ui«i}ar  to  the  learea 
of  *  peach  tree.  Toe  busk  is  thin  ;  mnd  the  nuts  are  smell,  somewhat  rough, 
of  a  reddish  colour,  and  Terj  tender.     The  kernel  is  in  folds,  and  too  bitter 


to  be  eatable.  Thi«  species  appears  t 
moisture.  The  wood  u  light,  weak,  ai 
of  hickory. 

1  i.C.  TOHENTO'SA  ffull.     The  tomentose  Carja,  or  Modter-md  Hidcon/. 

UmlfflcaliiKt.    Nutl.  0«.  N.  Amer,  PI,,  9.  p.  Ul. 

SMHurmn.  Jilgiui  klb*  LIti.  Sp.  PI.  Kit.  iceonUni  to  WOU.  $b.  Pi.,  In  Pank*!  rtara  Uilj  fi 
niarnd  u  J.  Aba  MlrAi.  Fl.  Bar.  Amir..  C.  Ub>  jAtt. ;  J.  Ubi  MiU.  Did.  No.  i.  1  J.  tomaltH 
MIda.  ft.  Bar.  Atntr.  ■-  p.  199. ;  Wtalu-bsut  tUtkorj,  conunon  Hldwrr,  Amir. ;  Narir  dor, 

Emgrawln/ft.    MIchl.  Arb.,  I.  I.  8.  ;  Noitb  Amer.  SjIti,  1. 1.  SB.  ;  Ud  aaijlt.  14n. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Petiole  downy  beneath.     Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  7—9;  oborale- 
lanceobte,  serrate  with  shallow  teeth ;  downy  and  rough  beneadi ;  lateral 
onessesule.  Cat- 
kin very  tomen- 


Eressions  in  the 
usk  at  the  su- 

trees,  oblong, 
with  angles  at 
the  sutures.  Nut 
with  4—6  angles 


outline,  ba*ing  a 
short  and  capi* 
tate  beak  at  the 
tio.  Shell  some* 
wnet  channeled.  , 
(JlftAr.)  A  • 

large  deciduoui 
tree.  New  Eng- 
land to  Virginia, 

and  on  the  Al-  , 

l^an^    Moun-  '"^  "'  ■"""** 

tains,  in  forests  where  the  soil  is  rertil&  Heiriit  50  ft.  to  60  ft  lotro- 
dnced  in  f  1766.  Flowers  pale  roB»coloured ;  Haj,  Fruit  with  a  fftea 
huks,  enclosing  a  brownish  nut ;  ripe  in  Norember. 


LXVIl.    JVQLAHDA  CBX  '.    CA  RYA.  739 

Fariefy. 

T  C  f .  8  mSjdma  Kutt.  —  Leaflets  T  in  n  leaf,  oTsteJanceolate,  acuminnte, 
Eerrulate ;  beneath,  softl  j  pubescent,  and  of  a  paler  colotir ;  tenntiuil 
leaflet  nibpetiolate.  Pnih  partly  globose,  of  nearly  twice  the  iize 
ordinaiy  id  the  apedes ;  ai  large  aa  an  a^ple.  Husk  exceedingly 
thick.  Nut  quadrai^ular,  very  large;  haviiw  a  thick  sbcU,  and  a 
mucro  that  is  promiikent,  qudrangulBr,   and  truncate  at  the  tip. 

The  learei  grov  bo  rapidly,  that  Jfichaux  has  seen  them  gain  80  in,  in 
IS  days.  With  the  lirBt  Irinls,  they  change  to  a  beautiful  yellow,  and  fall  off' 
soon  after.  The  fruit  is  ripe  in  November,  and  varies  very  much  in  size  and 
shape.  The  shell  is  very  thick,  and  extremely  hard ;  and  the  kernel,  whirii  is 
BWMt.  thoi^  small,  is  so  difficult  to  extract,  because  of  the  strong  ^rtiUons 
which  divide  it,  as  to  have  given  rise  to  the  name  of  mocker-nut.  There  are 
numeroui  spedmens  of  thia  tree  in  the  B<ms  de  Boulogaev  which  were  sown 
there  by  MichauK  fils  in  188S  i  and  in  1840,  when  we  saw  then,  were  from 
S0f^to30ft.hi^. 

*  5.  C.  a'lba  Nutt.     The  white-nB«rTrf  Caiya,  or  SkeU-bark  Hickory. 

■■'     ■■    1     NuU.  Om.  K.  Amir.  PI..  Ip.Ml. 

JbglMU  UlK  Mlclu.  Fl.BoT.   AmcT.i.  p.  ISS.i  J.  UIh  dtIU  Monk.  Arb.  119.  i  J. 
Hioti.  Arb.\.f,\X.:  ,r.  camprtua  OirrM.  Sm.l.  p.JI.)  HMg-buk  Hlckotf,  Su)}. 
£umAv(.    Wicbi.  N.  Amer.  Sjltl.  I.  t.'u. ;  Drnd.  Brtt.,  L  \a'.\  ttispUlaof  thlitrH  In  Alb. 

Spee.  Char.,  Sto-     Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  5 — T ;  oblong-acuminate,  argutely  serrate  ; 

villous  benealh  {  the  pair  nearest  to  the  base  of  the  petiole  rather  remote 

from  it ;  terminal  leaflet  nearly  sessile.    Catkin  glabrous.     Fruit  depressedly 

^li^jose,  with  1  longitudinal  (iirrowB,  in  the  line  of  which  the  busk  divides 

Into  4  valves  that  become  wholly  separate.     Nut  compressed,  oblique,  4> 

aneled  in  its  transverse  outline,  white.     Bark  exfoliating  in  long  narrow 

atnps.  (^Michi.)     A  large  dedduous  tree.     New  England  to  Carolina,  and 

throughout  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  in  forests  wheie  the  aoil  is  fertile. 

Hdghl  80  ft.   to   90  ft.     Introduced   in    1629.     Flowers  greeniahj    May. 

Fruit  with  a  greenish  husk,  enclosing  a  white  nut ;  ripe  in  November. 

The  growth  of  the  leaves  is  so  rapid,  that  in  a  month  thev  attuin  thdr  full 

length,  which,  in  vigorous  trees,  is  sometimes  above  80  in.     The  fruit  is  round, 

with  four  depressed  Beams,  and  averages,  in  genetal,  5\  in.  in  circumfereni-e. 

The  husk  separates  entirely  tram  the  nut  j  and  its  diickness  is  so  dispropor- 

tioned  to  the  size  of  the  nut,  as  to  fonn  a  character  peculiar  lo  this  species 

and  C.  sulcata.  The  *• 

(whence  the  name 
of   C.   ilbfl),   com- 
pressed at  the  sides, 
and      marked      b; 
four  distinct  angles,   . 
which     correspond  / 
to  the  divisions  of  I 
the  husk.    Theker-  \ 
net    is    fiitler     and 
sweeter  than    that 
of  any  other  Ame> 

hickory,  except  that 

of  C.  olivRfbrmis ;  but  it  is  inferior  to  the  fruit  of  the  European  walnut. 
1  6.  C.  suLCA-TA  N«tu     The  fiirrowed;^i*rf  Carya,  or  Jfickay. 

p.  iB. .  J.  lulctU  irait.  A*.  IM.  1.  f. ;  thick  Shdl-buk  HIckoT,  SprtngBeW  NK.  GLoucnlff 
&UI,  Amrr. 


740  ARBORETUM    ET   FRCTICETUM   BRITAKNICUU. 


Id,  Arb„  (.  1. 1  mcht.  Alb.,  1. 1. ».  i  Hoitli  Anar.  Bjln.  t.  ST. ;  md  our j^  KM. 
^wc.  (Aar.,  ^c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  7 — 9 ;  oboTate-acumtnate,  areutely  aer- 
rate;  downy  beneath.  Fruit  roiinduh,  having  4  longitudinal  ndges  thai 
extend  from  the  tip  to  the  middle,  and  4  interrening  depreaalons,  or  fiirrows. 
Husk  diriding  from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  in  the  line  of  the  fjirows, 
inlo4e(|ual  valves.  Kut  lubgloboseiBlightlycompresKedihaTingalangniucro 
at  the  tip,  and  a  shorter  stouter  one  at  the  baac  ;  jellowiBb.  Ba^  exfo- 
liating in  long  narrow  strips.  (MiAr.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Atlegfaany 
MouDtains,  in  TertiJe  valleys.  Height  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in  1804. 
Flowers  greenish ;  May.  Fruit  with  a  greenish  husk,  enclosing  a  yellowish 
nut  1  ripe  in  November. 

The  leaves  vary  in  length  from  18  in.  to  20  in,,  and  are  composed  of  from  7 
to  9  leaflets  ;  whereas  in  C.  kVba,  the  shell-bark  hickory,  the  leaflets  are  in- 
variably 5.  The  barren  catkbs  are  long,  glabrous,  filifonn,  and  pendidotta  j 
3  beiiw  united  on  a  common  petiole,  attached  to  the  bases  of  the  young  shoots. 
The  fertile  flowers  appear,  not  very  conspicuously,  at  the  extremity  of  the 


shoots  of  the  same  spring.  They  are  succeeded  by  a  large  oval  fruit,  more 
than  2in.  long,  and  4  or  5  inches  in  circumference.  It  nas  four  d^HTssed 
seams,  which,  at  complete  maturity,  open  throughotit  their  whole  length  for 
the  escape  of  the  nut.  The  shell  is  thick,  and  of  a  yellowish  hue ;  while  that 
of  the  d  &lba  is  white. 

1  7.  C.  porci'na  yall.     The  Pig-nui  Carya,  or  Hkiory. 


r.  M;lra  1.  p.  196,  ;    J.  obcor- 

.  .        a.  SiK.  Hm.  Stru.  Beroi.  I. 

p.  as*,  i  Plg-niU,  Hog-ntu.  Braom  KIAotj. 

£«m^f(,     Mlchi,   Ari>.,  I.  t.9.  f.  »,*.:  Nonh  Amw. 

STl».r  t.SS.  f.  s,  4.)  b«id,  Bril.,  t.  isr. ;  Bid  our 

Jlf..  HW.  H17.  tDd  U^. 

i^c.  Oar.,  Sfc.  Leaflets  5—7  in  a  leaf, 
ovate-acuminate,  serrate,  glabrous,  dotted 
heneatfa  with  dots  of  resinous  matter  ;  ter-  | 
minal  leaflet  sessile.  Val  obcordate.  Fruit  I 
round,  somewhat  rough.  (Michx.)  See 
our^g.  H26.  o,  and  fig.  1428.  n.  A  lofly 
tree.  North  America,  in  the  middle, 
western,  and  southern  states,  on  the  bor- 


LXVII.   JOOLASOACES  :    CASYA. 


den  of  HW«iDpB.    Hnght  70  ft.  to  80  ft.   Introd.  1750.    Flowen  greenisb; 
May.    Fruit  with  a  greenuh  busk,  enclosing  a  browniih  out  j  ripe  HOTember. 


Vmielo. 

I  G.  p.  2  glabra.    Jii^ma  porctna  /3  ficiiiSrmia  MKiue.  Arh.  i.  p.  £09.  i 

/  gUbra  MuiiL  in  Nov.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  See.  iii.  p.  391.    (Our  J!g*. 

1486.  i,  and  I48B.  b.)  —  HubL  of  the  fruit  shaped  like  a  snull  6g. 

instead  of  being  round,  like  tbe  species. 
The  leaves  genoally  consist 
of  three  pairs  of  leaflets,  and 
an  odd  one.      The  leaflets  ate 
t  or  5  inches  long,  acuminated, 
serrated,    nearly    sMsile,    and 
glabrous  ou  both  sides.      On 
vigorous  trees  which  grow  in 
shady  exposures  the  petiole  is 
of  a  Tiofet  a^ur.     The  husk 
of  the  &uit  is  thio,  of  a  beauti- 
ful green;   and,  when  ripe,  it 
opens  through  half  its  length 
for  the   passage   of   the    nut, 
which   is   small,   smooth,  and 
very  hard,  on  account  of  the 
thickness  of  the  shell.      The   / 
kernel   is  sweet,  bnt   meagre,   \ 
and  difficult  to  extract,  trom 
the  firmness  of  the  partition. 
These  nuts,  in  America,   are 
never  carried  to  market,  but 
serve  for  food  for  swine,  ra- 
coons,  and   numerous  squirrels  which   people   the  forests.      The  wood  is 
stronger  aud  better  than  that  of  any  other  kind  of  hickory.       There  were 
numerous  specimens  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  in  IB40,  which  were  sown 
by  ACchaux  Gls  b  1822. 
X  R  C.  NTRHTiaAPo'aifis  NuU.  The  Nutm^-like^/rwteif  Carya,  or  ATutnu-g 


742 


ARBORETUM    £T    FItUTICETOH  BRITAHNICUH. 


Enfrairingt.    Utolix.  Arb.,  1^  t-  IQ 


^c.  Char.,  ifc.     LeaflelB,  in  a  leaf,  9 ; 

ovate-Acuminate,  BeiraCe,  glabrous ;  tbe 

terminal   one   nearly   Beasile.       Fruit 

ovate,   roughiah.      Nut   oval,  with   a 

Email  point  at  each  end,  eren,  brown 

with  longitudinal  linet  of  white ;   Id 

which  it  resemblea  ft  nutmeg,  which 

ia  the   seed  of   Myiistica  moschata  ; 

and  hence  the  epithet  myriatiaBformti, 

(jUioLr.)    A    large    deciduoiu  tree. 

South  Oirotina. 

Very   Utile  ia   known   of   this    tree,  ""    "' ""' "    "    " 

which  Michaux  deacribed  from  n  branch  end  a  handful  of  nuta,  which  were 
given  to  him  by  a  gardener  at  Charleaton. 

1  9.  C.  microci'rpa  Null.     The  small- fruited  Curya,  or  Hickoty. 

UfMl^lcaliBn.    NuH.Gen.N.  Ainei.PI.,I.p.ML. 

EmfTaring.    Oll^J^[.  1430.  lyom  •  tjadimn  in  Ibe  HniKlin  of  th.  Jardln  An  Pluitta,  It  P»rl». 

i^Dcr.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf,  about  5;  obi  one-lanceolate,  conapicuoualj 
acuminate,  argutely  aerrulate,  glabrous  -,  glanduhtr  beneath  ;  terminal  one 
Bubpetiolate.  Fruit  si^lo- 
bose.  Husk  thin.  Nut  partlv 
quadrangular,  anrnll ;  its  shell 
rather  thin,  its  mucro  obso- 
lete and  truncate.  Fruit 
much  like  that  of  C.  torn  en- 
tosa,  and  eatable  j  but  veir 
amall,  tlie  nut  not  exceed- 
ing the  size  of  a  nutmeg. 
Cutkina  trifid,  very  long,  gla- 
brous, without  involucre  ; 
Bcalea  3-parted,  their  lateral 
segments  ovate,  the  central 
one  linear.  Anthers  pilos^ 
mostly  4,  sometimes  3,  aome- 
timcB  5.  Female  flowers  3 
or  3  together  i  common  pe- 
duncle bracteolate.  Seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  very  long, 
and  somewhat  leafy.  Stigma 
sessile,  d  iscoid,  4-1  obed,  some- 
whot  rhomboidal.  {Nultalf) 
A  lar^  deciduous  tree.  Phi- 

ladelphia,on  thebanksofthe  i<sx  c, ikwetnu. 

Schuylkill. 

Other  Speciei  of  Cdiya,  —  C.  ambigua  (Juglana  unbigua  iVic&r.)  is  de- 
scribed in  books,  but  not  yet  introduced  ;  C.  pubiacens  LmJt  is  supposed  to 
have  been  introduced ;  and  C.  rigiila  (J.  rigida  Lodd.  CaL)  is  in  the  Haokney 
Arboretum,  but  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  C.  ilbs,  C.  integrifolius 
Svreng.  (Hicdriui  integritoliua  Hafineiqur)  ia  probably  an  imaginary  aptaea. 
From  the  circumstance  of  the  speciea  of  Juglans  and  dryti  cro&sing  so  freely 
with  one  another,  and  the  seeds  of  the  produce  coming  true  to  the  cross- 
breeds thua  produced,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  some  of  the  species,  even  of  the 
native  woods  of  Ametica,  may  have  beeti  so  ori^nated.  The  fact  stated  in 
p.  733.  respecting  a  hybrid  between  Ji'iglana  regia  and  /.  nigra  would  seem  to 
justify  these  remarks. 


LXVll.    JUOLANDA  C£iE  :    PTEROCA^BYA.  748 

Oekub  III. 


PTEROCA-RYA  Xunti.     Tn  Ptbbocabv*.    Lm.  Syd.  Uonce'ds 
?  PolTindria. 
■  NHonllH,*.  |i.Mt.i  LiBiltgTMu.  SrM.ofBoUp.IIO. 
,  the  ammoD  wilnuc    Tk*  bolt  hu  vlnci ;  ud,  Bxcept  In 

Gen.  Char.,  ^,  FJotem  uniseiuBl,  monoraoua. — Male  Jhaen  in  Bpikea. 
Statneru  in  a  flower  many. — Female  fioaxrt  in  long  pendulous  spikes,  and 
distant,  sesule,  and  without  bracteas.  Ca^i  connate  with  the  omy. 
Ovary  and  part  of  the  calyx  flagon-Bhaped,  bearing  two  wings  above  the 
base ;  their  direction  iransverie  and  oblique ;  cell  1  ;  ovule  1,  erect.  Style 
1,  very  short.  Stigniat  2,  large,  spreading,  revolute.  FruU  aut>-drupa- 
ceous,  angled ;  having  two  wings,  as  the  ovary ;  much  tapered  to  the  tip,  not 
opening  ;  containing  a  bony  nut,  which  has  4  cells  in  its  lower  part,  whose 
jMTtitions  do  not  extend  to  the  top.  (Q.  Don.) 

Leavei  compound,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  ;  leaflets  about  IT, 
sesaile,  unequal  at  the  base,  not  dotted,  serrate.  Fruit  small.  Decaying 
leaves  brown.  —  A  tree,  deciduous  ;  native  of  the  eastern  part  of  Caucaaut; 
propagated  by  layers,  but  the  plant  is  somewhat  tender. 

t  1.  P.  cauca'bica  Funlh.     The  Caucasian  Pterocarya. 
MnUdlHMio.    KimUilii  Aanil,  duSden.  Nal..3.  p.su. 

Immiimwui.   JUmimBiPtnoct-Tnllldu. /I.  Bor.  Amtr.i.  p.^Sit.,lliw.  Ftn.  niaia.  CaMe,B.IU  ■ 
Kbit  ctacarum  £»».  R.  Timt.  Cant.  No.  6oe. ;  J.  jvixlnlnilli  Lamoui  MS.,  «.  Ss  Bam.  4 
p.  laa. ;  Friilniu  IktIkIU  Hurt.  Far. 
XnfrnrAvj.    Oiuib.  1431.  frau  iModllncpUiili  Uiaplits  oflhlitmlii  Arti.  Brit,,  Irtedlt.  toI 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaflets,  in  a  leaf, abont  ID;  ovate^oblons,  acuminutr. 
ar]gutely  serrate,  glabrous ;  each  with  the  lower  or  hmder  side  of  its  baae 
attached  to  the  petiole.  (Lonuirai.)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Mount  Caucasus, 
in  moist  woods.  Height  SO  ft.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  in  f  1800.  Flowen 
greenish ;  May. 

Sn  4 


744 


ARBORETUM   £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNiqUM. 


For  small  gardens  and  diminutive  arboretums,  this  tree  may 
serve  very  well  to  exemplify  the  /uglandaceae.  Care  should 
be  taken  to  train  it  to  a  single  stem,  and  not  to  plant  it  in 
soil  so  rich  and  moist  as  to  prevent  it  from  ripemng  its  wood. 
Perhaps,  also,  something  m^ht  be  gained  in  point  of  hardi- 
ness by  grafting  it  upon  the  common  walnut;  either  on  the 
collar  or  the  stock,  m  order  to  form  dwarf  trees  or  bushes; 
or  standard  high,  in  order  to  form  trees  that  would  from  the 
first  have  clear  straight  stems,  and  as  they  would  ripen  their 
wood  better,  in  consequence  of  growing  slower  than  the 
low  trees  or  bushes,  so  they  would  perhaps  show  blossoms 
and  ripen  fruit. 


Order  LXVIII.    SALICA'CE^ 

OXD,  Char,  Flowers  unisexual,  disposed  in  aments,  one  in  the  axil  oi  each 
scale. — Mahflotoen  disposed  in  cylindrical  catkins,  with  a  small  eland-like 
perianth,  and  from  2—^  stamens,  which  are  sub-adnate  to  me  gland, 
generally  distinct,  rarely  monadelphous. — Female  flowen  disposed  in  dense 
ovate  or  cylindrical  catkins,  each  with  a  free  simple  perianth.  Ouarium 
superior.  Style  1.  Stigmas  2,  ohea  bifid.  Camule  I -celled,  2-valved, 
many-seeded.  Seeds  small,  pendulous,  downy.  Albumen  none.  (Cr.  Dom,) 
Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  ;  serrated  or  entire.  Flowers 
in  catkins.  Decaying  leaves  yellow  or  black.  —  Trees  deciduous  ;  natives 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The  genera  are  two,  which  are 
thus  characterised :  — 

SkXat.  L,    Bracte&s  entire.     Stamens  1 — 3. 
Po^puLus  L»    Bracteas  jagged.     Stamens  8. 


Genus  I. 


msma 


□□□□□amu 

iS^A  LIX  L.    The  Willow.    lAn.  Sjyst.  Dioe'cia  Di&ndria. 

IdenitfiealioH.    I.In.  Gen.,  514. ;  Juu.,  406 ;  Smith  In  Re«i*f  Cydo.,  vol.  81. ;  Fl.  Br.,  1089. ;  Toani.» 

t.  364. ;  Lam.,  t.  802. ;  GcrtQ.,  t.  90. 
Sgnfmymes,    Harab,  Hebrew ;  Itea,  Gr.  %  Salix,  Lai,  \  Saule,  Fr.  \  Welde  and  Frlber,  Gr. ;  Saldo, 

//«/. ;  Sause,  Span. ;  Wide.  Swed. ;  Wllge^  FUm.i  Wlthlg,  Atiglo-Sa*. ;  Willow,  Wltby.  Sallow. 

Otter,  Engi^  Sangb,  Sooick. 
Derivation,    From  sai,  near,  and  tf«,  water,  CdUej  in  reference  to  Iti  general  habitat.    According 

to  other*,  from  ta/ire,  to  letp ;  on  account  of  the  extraordinary  nfidttf  of  its  growth. 

Gefi.  Char,,  4*0.  Braetea  to  the  flower  of  each  sex  entire. -^Jlfo/^  flower 
consisting  of  1—5  stamens,  more  in  a  few  species,  and  of  one  or  more 
glands  inserted  contiguously  to  the  stamens. — Female  flower  consisting  of 
a  pistil  that  Is  stalked  or  sessile,  or  nearly  sessile,  and  one  or  more  glands 
inserted  contiguously  to  it.  (G,  Don,) 

Leaves  dmple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  more  or  less  lanceolate 
and  serrated.  Flowers  yellow.  Decaying  leaves  mostly  yellow.  —  Trees 
or  shrubs,  deciduous  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  North  America ; 
readily  propagated  by  cuttings  in  any  moist  soil. 


LXVIII.  jS^ALICA^CKB  :  J8AhlX»  745 

The  tpecies  Ytary  from  2  or  3inchea  to  50  or  60  feet,  and  even  to  80  or  90 
feet,  in  height.  The  branches  are  round  and  flexible  ;  the  leaves  in  all  cases 
deciduous,  and  the  sexes,  with  scarcely  any  exceptions,  on  different  plants. 
The  appearance  of  the  male  plant  and  the  female  plant,  of  the  same  species^ 
IS  generally  more  or  less  different ;  and  hence  one  of  the  great  difficulties  in 
the  study  of  this  genus,  the  fP^ies  of  which  may  be  described  as  in  a  state 
of  inextricable  confusion.  The  growth  of  the  dwarfest  species,  such  as  S» 
herb&cea,  is  slow,  and,  in  its  native  habitat,  not  above  1  in.  a  year,  and  often 
not  so  much  ;  that  of  the  larger  shrubs,  in  their  native  habitats,  varies  from 
5  or  6  inches  to  as  many  feet,  especially  when  the  plants  are  young  or  newly 
cut  down.  The  growth  of  some  of  the  kinds  cultivated  for  basket-making  or 
hoops,  in  good  soil,  when  cut  down  every  year  or  every  two  years,  is  often 
from  8  ft.  to  12  ft.  in  a  single  season.  The  growth  of  the  tree  kinds,  more 
especially  of  S,  &lba  and  S,  RusseHtomi,  is  equally  rapid  when  young ;  so  that 
in  ten  years,  in  the  climate  of  London,  in  suitable  soil,  and  within  reach  of 
water,  these  kinds  will  attain  the  height  of  50  or  60  feet.  The  branches  of 
most  of  the  tree  kinds  have  an  upward  direction,  and  have  a  flame-like  motion 
in  the  wind,  as  in  S,  &lba  ;  but  in  others  they  are  spreading,  as  in  S,  caprea ;  and, 
in  one  instance,  drooping  in  a  very  decided  manner,  as  in  S,  babyl6nica. 

Almost  all  the  willows  are  found  naturally  either  in  a  cold  soil  and  moist 
climate,  or,  if  in  a  sandy  soil,  within  reach  of  water.  The  low-growing  kinds 
are  sometimes,  however,  found  in  dry  arid  soils  ;  but  in  such  soils  they  are 
never  in  a  thriving  state.  Willows  are  very  seldom  found  growing  on  moist 
peat  bogs  ;  the  only  species  observed  in  such  situations  by  Steele  being  the 
S.  caprea  and  the  S,  pentfindra,  and  these  only  sparingly  in  peat  bog  that  was 
dry.  All  the  willows  are  propagated  by  cuttings  ;  though  some  of  the  more 
rare  alpine  kinds  root  with  difficulty.  Some  species  propagate  very  readily 
firom  seeds ;  and  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  grafting,  inarching,  and  other 
similar  modes  of  propagation,  would  be  as  successful  in  this  genus  as  in 
most  others. 

The  best  kinds  of  willow  for  growing  as  timber  trees  are : — S,  ftlba,  which  will 
attain  the  height  of  from  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  in  20  ^ears.  S,  KusselUetna  and  S. 
fhigilis,  which  are  frequently  confounded  ;  and,  mdeed,  in  external  appearance, 
differ  very  slightly  from  each  other  except  in  size :  S,  RusselUami  growing  &s 
rapidly,  and  to  as  great  a  height,  as  S,  41ba ;  but  S.  frfigilis,  thou^  it  grows 
with  equal  rapidity,  not  attaining  so  great  a  height.  S.  c^rea,  and  some  of  its 
allied  kinds,  which  grow  as  rapidly  as  S,  fr^ilis  for  three  or  four  years  ;  and 
will  attain  nearly  the  same  height  as  that  species  in  the  same  time  ;  that  is,  on 
^od  soil,  from  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  in  twenty  years :  according  to  Bosc,  jS^.  caprea 
IS  the  most  valuable  of  all  the  tree  willows  grown  in  France.  Other  willows 
which  attain  a  timber-like  size,  or  about  30  or  40  feet  in  twenty  years,  are, 
S,  tri&ndra,  S.  rotundata,  S.  lucida,  S,  Meyeridna,  S.  pne'cox,  S,  Fontederana, 
S.  acuminata,  jS^  pent&ndra,  S,  vitelllna,  and  jS^.  amygd&lina.  Many  of  the 
other  species,  in  good  soil,  if  allowed  sufficient  room,  and  trained  to  a  single 
stem,  would  attain  the  size  and  character  of  trees  ;  but  with  a  view  to  tunber, 
the  four  species  first  mentioned,  viz.  S.  &lba,  S,  Russelliana,  S.  fr&gilis,  and 
tS,  caprea,  are  alone  worth  cultivating.  The  best  sorts  for  coppice-wood  are 
S,  caprea  and  its  allied  kinds. 

Almost  all  the  species  of  willows  may  be  grown  for  basket  rods,  but  some 
are  greatly  preferable  to  others.  The  most  vigorous-growing  basket  willow 
is,  unquestionably,  S,  vimin^lis ;  and  it  is  also  the  sort  most  generally  cul- 
tivated for  that  purpose.  It  has  no  disadvantage  that  we  are  aware  of,  except 
that  in  cold  wet  seasons,  and  in  a  moist  soil,  it  does  not  always  ripen  the 
points  of  its  shoots.  S,  rubra,  S,  Forbyana,  S,  decipiens,  and  S.  stipularis  are 
excellent  species,  of  less  vigorous  growth  than  S.  viminalis,  which  ripen  the 
points  of  their  shoots  pencctly  in  most  seasons  :  the  best  of  these  is, 
perhaps,  S,  Forbyana.  S.  tri&mlra  is  nearly  as  vigorous  as  S,  viminalis.  S. 
helix,  S,  vitellina,  and  S.  purpurea  are  very  desirable  species  where  small 


746  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICBTUM  BRITANNICUM. 

tough  Yods  are  required.  Various  .other  aorta  might  be  mentioned  ;  but  theae 
ve  consider  as  by  far  the  most  valuable. 

As  gardenesque  objects,  ail  the  shrubby  species  of  willow,  as  well  as  the 
trees,  will  have  most  effect  when  trained  to  a  single  stem,  if  only  to  the  height 
of  2  or  3  feet.  This  alone  gives  them  the  character  of  art.  All  the  trailing 
sorts,  such  as  S,  herbkcea,  S.  reticulata,  &c.,  to  be  truly  gardenesque,  ou^ht 
to  be  crafted  standard  high  for  the  same  reason.  For  picturesque  decoration 
in  artificial  scenery,  all  the  upright  shrubby  and  tree  willows  may  be  scat^ 
tered  or  grouped  along  the  maivin  of  water  ;  and  all  the  creeping  or  trailing 
kinds  placed  on  rock  work,  and  left  to  take  their  natural  shapes.  Such  species 
of  willow  as  S,  pentandra,  S,  lucida,  and  one  or  two  others,  from  having  little 
of  the  aspect  common  to  the  willow  family,  and,  consequently,  their  forms  not 
being  associated  with  the  idea  of  moist  soil  or  water,  may  be  placed  near  a 
house,  or  in  a  shrubbery  or  flower-garden,  on  account  of  their  fragrance  and 
early  blossoms ;  but  this  cannot  be  recommended  with  respect  to  willows  in 
genera],  which,  whether  as  shrubs  or  trees,  always  convey  the  idea  of  the 
vicinity  of  water  or  of  marshy  ground. 

The  great  master  in  the  genus  iSiUix,  considered  in  a  botanical  point  of  view, 
is  Professor  Koch  ;  but,  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  this  genus 
in  Britain,  we  have  deemed  it  best  to  follow  Mr.  Borrer,  whose  groups  have 
been  adopted  by  Sir  W,  J.  Hooker,  and  almost  all  other  British  botanists. 
Those  who  wish  to  study  Koch's  arrangement  will  find  it  given  at  length  in 
the  Arb,  BrU.^  1st  edit.,  p.  1486.  and  16§3.,  in  which  is  also  given  the  arrange- 
ment of  Hooker.  Our  aescriptions  in  this  abridgement  are  necessarily  exceed- 
ingly brief,  and  we  must,  therefore,  refer  the  r^der  who  wishes  to  enter  into 
the  subject  at  length  to  our  1st  edition,  in  which  p.  1453.  to  p.  1636.  are  occu- 
pied with  the  genus  iSSilix.  In  the  present  edition,  throng  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  Borrer,  we  have  indicated  the  principal  species  which  represent  each 
group,  immediately  after  the  characteristic  leature  of  that  group. 

Group  i.     Purpiarea:  Koch,  Borrer. 

Monindne  is  the  name  adopted  for  thb  group  In  Hook.  Br,  J^.,  ed.  8. ;  but  Mr.  Borrer  ooosMert 
Parpikre»  preferable,  became  it  la  taken,  like  toe  name  of  each  of  the  other  groape  in  thia  arranfe- 
ment,  firom  the  name  or  a  species  included  in  tliat  group.  PurpCkreK,  too,  ia  the  name  giren  by 
Koch  to  the  same  group. 

Ofter  WiUows,  with  one  Stamen  m  a  Flower,    The  principal  species,  according 

to  Mr.  Borrer,  are  1.4.  and  6. 


■  •  ■ 

^ 

Filament  1,  bearing  an  anther  of  4  lobes  and  4  cells  ;  or,  in  S,  rikbra,  forked, 
and  each  branch  bearing  an  anther  of  2  lobes  and  8  cells.  Germen  sessile. 
Catkins  very  compact.  —  Trees  of  low  stature,  or  shrubs  with  twiggy 
branches,  and  leaves  that  are  more  or  less  lanceolate,  and  serrated,  and  often 
broader  upwards.  Interior  part  of  the  bark,  in  most,  yellow,  and  very  bitter. 
{Hook,  Br,  FL)  The  leaves  of  nearly  all  of  the  kinds  of  this  group  turn 
black  in  drying.  The  inner  bark  of  most  of  the  kinds  included  in  this  ^up 
is  extremely  bitter,  which  renders  the  plants  suitable  for  banks  of  nvers, 
and  other  places  which  arc  infested  by  rats,  as  the  bitterness  prevents  these 
animals  from  eating  it. 

A  !.  S,  purpu'rea  L,    The  purple  Willow. 

identineatioH.    Lin.  Sp.  PI..  1444. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  187. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  417. 

The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  figured  hi  Eng.  Bot,^  and  are  in  cultivation  in  some  English  ooUecUo&s. 

^nonyme,    5.  purpbrea  Koch  Comm.  p.  35. 

Emgrmimgt*    Eng.  Bot,  t.  131&  ;  Hi^ne  Abbild.,  t.  169. ;  OAuftn.  148aL ;  uiAJIg  1.  in  p.  791. 


LXTllt.    £AL1CACE£:   £A  LIZ.  747 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bnuichea  trailiog,  decumbent.  Leaves 
partly  oppoaiCe,  oboTste-lanceolate,  serrated,  very  ■miKith, 
narrow  at  the  baae.  Stamen  1.  Stigmaa  very  ahort, 
ovate,  nearly  seasile.  (SmiiA.)  A  shrub.  Britain.  Height 
3  ft.  to  4  it.  in  a  wild  ataCe  ;  5  rt.  in  cultivation.  Flowers 
yellow ;  March  and  April  j  earlier  than  the  foliage. 

Varie^ei.    Kocb,  in  liia  Dc  Salicibiu  EuropisU  Commentatia, 
has  described  six  ;   but  he  incliides  the   S.  helix   and  ] 
Lambertiana  (to  be  described  as  species  below)  as  two 
of  them.     See  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit. 
Branches  of  a  rich  and  shining  purple,  with  a  somewhat 

glaucous  hue,  and  much  esteemed  for  the   finer  aorta  of      ias.&r»i*«- 

baaketwork. 

tk  %  2.  S.  hb'lix  L.     The  Helix,  or  Rate,  Willow. 

/ddueteUni.    Lin.  Sp.  PI..  1M4. :  Eu.  FL,  4.  p.  ISS.  i  Hook.  Br,  Fl.,  ad,  t.,f.  4JT. 

Si/Ttonymn.    S.  pUTptiru  tit.  ATdciI  Qtrnm.  p.  39.;  t  S-  oppotULfblU  Host  Sai.   Auttr.  1.  p.  11. 

TlLrStm.  BdUi  lexa  ire  Bgumd  Id  Sol.  Wtt^  and  liu,  to  SfU.Kil.i  but  Mr.  Batrar  brllsTO 
Uut  Ibe  cuklni  dF  fomile  Snven  rspTMaaWI  Id  Um  liller  Dm  time  of  S.  Forbtdas  :  it  Omtt  of 

Et^rarlnti.'  Bde- Bot.,  l-'l^U.,  the  nuOe  pUnt  i  Heyne  Abblld.,  L  ITO.  ;  and.y£^ki  p.  Rl. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Brunches  erect.  Leaves  parily  opposite,  oblong-Ian ceoUte, 
pointed,  slightly  serrated,  very  smooth  ;  linear  towards  the  base.  Stamen 
1.  Style  nearly  as  long  as  the  linear  divided  stigmas.  (SmilA.)  A  low, 
upright,  <]eciduous  tree.  Britun.  Height  10ft.  to  12  ft.  Flowers  yellow ; 
March  and  April. 

Branches  smooth,  polished,  of  a  pale  yellowish  or  purplish  ash  colour, 
tough,  and  pliable;  leas  slender  and  elongated  than  those  of  S,  purpitrea, 
thou^  useful  for  tbe  coarser  sorU  of  basketworit.  The  branches,  which  are 
yellow,  and  the  mode  of  growth,  which  is  erect,  render  this  species  easily 
distinguishable  Irom  the  preceding.  The  name  rose-willow  relates  to  rose- 
like  expansions  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  which  are  caused  by  the  depo- 
sition of  the  egg  of  a  cynipa  in  the  summits  of  the  twigs,  in  consequence  of 
which  they  shoot  out  into  numerous  leaves,  totally  different  in  shape  &am  the 
other  leaves  of  the  tree,  and  arranged  not  much  unlike  those  composing  the 
flower  of  a  rose,  adhering  to  the  stem  even  after  the  olhera  fall  off:  on  this 
account  this  is  a  very  desirable  species. 

■  3.  S.  h/LMOKTiTiA'KA  Smith.     Lambert's,  or  tie  Bin/tou,  Willow. 
Iilaaillatlat.    Smith  Eni  n.,4.  p.  190.;  llsok.  Br.  Fl,  <d.  &  p.  4IT. 
Smoitmt.    S.  puipilrfa^  KdcA  Camm.  p.  Vi, 
fki  Still.    Both  ■»  OaurHl  In  Sng.  AM.  and  Sal.  VM,    Mr.  Borrer  tin  obIt  hu  Iba  IMBiIa  of 

Bnfmtmtt.    En»BiiI.,t.  \VA.\  Sal.  WobTNo.  S.;  aildjaf.  S.  In  p.  ISI. 

Spec.  Char.,  /^.  Branches  erect.  Leaves  partly  opposite,  obovate-lanceolate, 
pointed,  serrated, smooth  ;  rounded  at  the  base.  Stipules  none.  Stamen  I. 
Stigmas  orate,  obtuse,  notched,  very  short,  nearly  sessile.  (Smili.)  A  bw 
tree,  of  the  size  and  habit  of  5.  nelix,  but  very  distinct  from  it  at  first 
sicht,  particulnri^  in  the  tender  summits  of  the  young  growing  brancheii, 
which,  with  their  purplish  glaucous  hue,  and  some  degree  of  downtoess, 
resemble  those  of  a  honeysuckle. 

•  *.  5.  Wooi.LOAB/.*'w.i  Borr.     Woollgar's  Willow, 

lJeiU(flciMm.    Borr.  In  Gng.  Bat.  Snpp.,t.  St»l.i  Hook.  Brit.  FL.  ad.  a,  p.  417. 

n . ,_    g  monindra  Sai-  Wob.  No.  4.  ;  S-  mtmijidrB  TV.  HaffrH-  Hilt-  Sai-  1.  p-  SK  t  1. 1  I. 

il-UaiIoh  o(  1)i<>  klrld.  puljUiheJ  In  Bng.  Sal.  SBpp..  tubMqoenliT  to  ite  publlcUhHI  oi 

Sj^c.  Char.,  ^c. 


^r 


748  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUtlCETUM   BRITANNICUM* 

men  1.  0?aiy  ovate,  very  pubescent,  sessile,  downy.  Stigmas  nearly 
sessile,  ovate,  scarcely  emarginate.  {Hook,)  An  erect  bush.  Height  6  ft. 
to  8  fk.  England,  about  Lewes,  Sussex,  in  hosier  holts,  but  scarcely  wild ; 
at  Eangston  upon  Thames,  apparently  wild.    Flowers  yellow ;  May. 

A  very  beautiful  species. 
A  .5.  S.  VoKBYA^NA  Smith.    Forb/s  Willow,  or  the  fine  Btuket  Oner, 

IdetUificatkm.    Smith  Eng.  FL,  4.  p.  191. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8.,  pi  418. 

^mmffme$,    S.  ftua  lAn.  Soe.  Tram.,  not  of  Hoff.  {Smilh)  \  8.  rUbnS  Koch  Comrn.  p.  17. 

The  Seta.    The  female  is  described  in  Eng.  Ft.,  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.     The  male  is  not  known. 

Engravings,    Eng.  Dot.,  t.  1344.  {  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  6. ;  N.  Abblld.,  1. 173. ;  •ndjlg.  5.  in  p.  791. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  erect.  Leaves  alternate,  with  small  stipules,  lanceo- 
late-oblong, with  shallow  serratures,  smooth,  rounded  at  the  base,  glaucous 
beneath.  Stamen  1.  Style  nearly  as  long  as  the  linear  divided  stigmas. 
(Smiih.)  An  erect  deciduous  shrub.  England.  Hdght  5  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  April. 

The  shoots  are  slender,  smooth,  very  flexible,  and  tough  ;  of  a  greyish  yellow, 
not  purple,  hue  ;  and  very  valuable  for  the  finer  sorts  of  wickerwork,  for 
basket-making,  and  for  bands  for  tying  fiiggots  and  packets. 

A  1^  6.  5.  RU^RA  Huds,   The  red,  or  greeri^eaved.  Willow,  or  Osier, 

Identiflcation.    Hodi.  Fl.  Angl.,  p.  428. ;  Smith's  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  191. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  418. 
5^noNyin«ff.    The  name  rdbra  seems  to  be  originally  giren  to  S.  TitelDna,  a  reddish  [?  twtggedj 

Tariety  of  which  was  confounded  with  8.  rflbra  HmdM. ,  5.  Uneiris  Waiker^t  Ettt^  p.  467.,  oo 

the  authority  of  Borrer. 
The  Sezes.    Both  are  described  in  Eng.  FL ;  and  the  flsmale  Is  floured  in  Eng.  Bot.  and  SaL  Wob. 
Engravingt.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  IMA. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  6. ;  and  our^.  6.  In  p.  79S. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Stamens  combined  below  in  a  manner  which  aflRjrds  a  cha- 
racter in  which  it  differs  from  all  other  British  kinds  of  willow,  except  S, 
Croweana,  and  from  nearly  all  the  foreign  kinds.  Mr.  Borrer,  however,  has 
observed  the  same  thing  occasionally  in  8,  fusca,  and  in  several  of  the  Ci- 
nerese.  "  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  elongate,  acute,  smooth,  with  shallow 
serratures  ;  green  on  both  sides.  Stigmas  ovate,  undivided."  (Smiih.)  A 
large  shrub  or  low  tree.  England,  in  Tow  meadows  and  osier  holts,  as  at 
Maidenhead,  &c.,  but  rare ;  in  Scotland,  frequent  in  hedges  and  osier 
grounds.    Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May  and  ApriL 

One  of  the  most  valuable  osiers  in  cultivation,  for  bands,  crates,  basketwork 
or  wickerwork,  and  even  small  hoops. 

Group  ii.     Acutifblia  Borren    {St/n.  Pruinosse  Koch.) 
Wiilowt  with  dark  Bark,  covered  with  a  fine  Bloonu  Principal  species,  7,  8. 


fflU 


Stamens  2,  distinct.  —  Tall  shrubs,  or  becoming  trees.  Bark  of  the  branches 
and  shoots  of  a  dark  colour  ;  that  of  the  branches  suffused  with  a  whitish 
matter,  which  is  the  character  implied  by  Koch's  term  Pruinosse.  This 
matter  is  easily  rubbed  off*.  The  bark  is  internally  yeUow,  as  in  Group  i. 
Foliage  of  a  lively  ^een.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminately  pointed,  serrate, 
glossy ;  in  many  mstances,  downy  when  youngs  subsequently  glabrous. 
Ovary  and  capsule  sessile,  or  nearly  so. 

^*t  1.  S,  ACUTiFo'LiA  WiUd,     The  pointed-*leaved  Willow. 

Ideniifloathn.    Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  668. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p^  S8. 

Syntmume.    8.  vioUcea  Andr.  Bot.  Bep.  t.66\.\hoi  not  5.  vIoUkcea  W3U.,  nor  the  S,  c&spica  Horl. 

(WiVd.) 
The  Se*e$.    The  male  Is  figured  in  5a/.  Woh.\  and  is,  perhaps,  the  only  one  cultirated  in  British 

collections.    Koch  has  implied  that  the  female  was  imknown  to  him  in  any  state. 
Engrmings.    Andr.  Bot.  Rep.,  681. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  S5. ;  and  oar  Jig.  25.  In  p.  79i. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acuminated,  smooth,  with  blunt 
unequal  serratures,  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  of  the  male  about  1  in. 
long.  {WiUd.)     A  small  tree.  Podolia.    Height  10ft.  to  15ft.   Introduced 


A ^    ^ 


LXVIII.  5ALICACEJE:  sautC»  749 

previously  to  1810.    Flowers  yellow ;  March  and  April,  before  the  ex* 
pansion  of  the  leaves. 

Branches  dark  violet^oloured,  slender,  upright,  and  covered  all  over  with  a 
whitish  powder,  like  the  bloom  of  a  plum.    A  very  beautiful  species. 

«  8.  S.  DAPHNof  DBS  ViUart.    The  Daphne-like  Willow, 

Ideniifleaiion.    VOL  Dauph.,  3.  p.  76A. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p.  23. 

^punpma.  5.  pneVox  Hoppe  In  Stwrm  D.  FI.U  Sft. ;  S.  Ugfoimii  Hq^.  Oerm,  2.  p.  960. ;  5. 
clndrea  Host  Ail.  Atulr.  1.  p.  8.  t  26, 27.  Mr.  Borrer,  in  «  letter,  has  remarked  that  Smith  baa 
erroneouslj  cited,  in  hto  Flora  Brit,^  S.  iiaphnoldet  Vitlart  as  a  synonyme  of  S,  cindrea  Smith ;  and 
that  this  has  led  Koch  to  dta  8.  cindrea  5S»MA  as  a  rf nonyme  of  S.  ifaphnSldes  ViUart* 

The  Sexe$»    Both  sexes  are  fix ured  In  8aL  fVob.,  and  in  Host  Sai.  Amtr. 

Engrtttingt,  Vlll.  Dauph.,  8.  t.  60.  f.  7.  V  or  3.  t.  6.  f.  2. ;  Hon  Sal.  Aust.,  1.  t.  26,  27. ;  oar  Jig. 
1434.  in  p.  760.  j  and^.  26.  in  p.  796. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  and  pointed,  with  glandular  ser- 
ratures,  smooth,  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  appearing  before  the  leaves. 
Ovary  sessile,  ovate,  smooth.  Style  elongated.  (^/.}  A  rapid-growing 
tree,  with  dark  greyish  branches,  slightly  covered  with  a  powder,  or  bloom, 
similar  to  that  of  S,  acutifolia  ;  the  branches  ascending  obliquely.  Swit- 
zerland and  the  South  of  France.  Height  25  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in 
1820.    Flowers  yellow,  from  large  crimson  buds  in  February. 

A  very  ornamental  species,  as  appears  by  the  engraving  in  the  following  page. 
2  9.  5.  pomera'nica  WUld,    The  Pomeranian  Willow, 

Ident^fieaUon.    Willd.  Bmnn.  Sapp,,  6&  ;  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  163. 

Sffnomifme.    S.  daphnJOdes  Vtttart^  var.  with  narrower  leaves,  and  more  slender  catkins.  (Kock 

Comm.  p.  SBI.)    ftfr.  Borrer.  in  his  manuscript  list  of  grouped  species,  has  indicated  it  as  being 

probably  a  Tvlety  of  S.  iiapnnfildes. 
The  Sexa.    The  female  is  described  in  Sal.  Wob. 

Spec.  Char,,  Sfc,  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  at  both  extremities,  serrate4  ; 
smooth  and  shining  above,  glaucous  underneath.  Stipules  ovate,  serrated ; 
their  margins  generally  revolute.  Catkins  about  1  in.  long.  Ovary  ovate, 
smooth.  Style  longer  than  the  parted  stigmas.  (^PtASi/.)  A  rapid<«rowing 
tree.  Pomerania.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1822.  Flowers 
yellow ;  February  and  March. 

The  branches  are  long,  smooth,  round,  shining,  and  copiously  covered  with 
small  yellow  dots :  the  preceding  year's  shoots  are  covered  with  a  violet* 
coloured  powder,  similar  to  that  on  the  shoots  of  S,  acutifolia. 

Group  iii.     Triindra  Borrer.     (Sj/tu  ./^mygdalinae  Koch.) 

Osier  Willowt,  wUh  three  Stamens  in  a  Flower.    Prin.  sp.  14, 15. 


^ 

M 

f 

Stamens  3.  Leaves  lanceolate,  approaching  to  ovate,  serrated,  glabrous* 
having  large,  rounded,  toothed,  more  or  less  deciduous,  stipules.  Flowers 
loosely  disposed  in  the  catkin.  Pistil  stalked.  Ovary  mostly  glabrous.  — 
Most  of  the  kinds  constitute  excellent  osiers,  and  become  trees  if  left  to 
themselves.  (Hook.)  The  kinds  may  be  denominated,  generally,  the  osiers 
with  3  stamens  in  a  flower.  Most,  or  all,  when  in  the  state  of  larger  shrubs 
and  trees,  have  their  older  bark  exfoliated  in  broad  patches,  as  in  H&tanus 
occident^lis  L.  and  P.  orientals  L.  Most,  or  all,  are  ornamental  as  shrubs, 
for  their  lanceolate,  glossy,  serrated  leaves,  and  their  flowers. 

3f  •  10.  jS.  undula^a  Koch,  Hooker.    The  vravy-ieaved  Willow. 

Jdentifleaiion.    Koch  Coram.,  p.  90.  ;  Hook.  FL  Br.,  ed.  8.,  p.  419. ;  ?  Hayne  Abbtld.,  p.  29a 
Synonfftne*.    Koch  has  cited  as  identical  with,  or  included  in,  S.  unduUta,  the  following  kinds  :-> 

S.  unduliU  Ehrh. ;  S.  lanceoUta  Smith. 
The  Sexes.    The  female  is  Bgured  In  Eng.  Bot.^  1 1436. ;  and  Is  described  In  Eng.  Fl. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1436. ;  our>^.  1435. ;  and>^«.  13.  and  14.  In  p.  79& 

Spec.  Char.,  <Jt.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate  through  much  of  their 
Itngth,  serrulate  at  the  tip,  and  minutely  crenulate  at  the  base ;  at  first 


ARBORETUM  XT  rBUncKTITH   BRIT&HNICUK. 


Lxvitt.  sauca^czje:  SaYix. 

pubescent,  but  beconnng  gbibroui ;  wt,yy  at  the  edge,  or  > 

not.    Stipules  hiilf-heaf^4litiped.  Catkin  pedunded  upon  | 

a  lealy  twiglet,    Bractea  bearded  at  the  tip.    Stamena  3.  E 

CHpsule  ovate-conical,  more  or  less  pubescent  oi  glo* 

brouo,  stalked  ;  the  stalk  twice  the  length  of  the  gtaitd.   1 

Style  elongated.     Stumas  bifid.  (Kock.)   A  bushy  tree,    i 

Germany  and  Enriano,  on  the  backs  of  streams.   Hdght 

ISfttolSft.    Flowers  yellow  i  April  and  May.  ^ 

T  •  8.  H.  8.   S.  nndulita  For6ei  in  Sal,   Wob.  No.  13. 

T  *  S.  v.  3.    S.    lanceolita  Stmth  Etig.   Bol.   t  1436.,  Eng.  Ft  i.  v. 

p.  len.,  Forbet  in  Sal.  Wob.   No.  11. 
X  •  8.  u.  having  the  catkins  androgynous,  — S.  unduUta  occnrt  in  this 

case.  (Kock  Comm,  p.  80.) 

•  1 1.  &  HIPP0PflABFo1.iji  ThtOHer.     The  Sea-Buck thom-IesTcd  Willow,  or 

Olier,  described  in  our  1st  edit.,  docs  not  iq^ear  to  be  introduced. 

A  I   IS.  S.  tbia'ndra  £.     The  3-alameDed^fou>nviJ  Willow,  or  Oiier. 


752  ARBORETUM  £T  TRUTICETUM  BRltANNICUM* 

Idemiifieation,    Lin.  So.  Vh,  144Sl  ;  Bug.  Fl.,  4.  p.  166. ;  Hooi.  Fl.  Br,  ed.  t.,  p.  419. 

Anumgme.    S.  omygdiliiia,  nut  oL  Koek  Qmtm.  p.  19. 

The  StJtet.    Both  sexe*  are  flgurad  in  Sng.  Bot.  and  Sat.  Wob. 

Engra9htg9.    Bng.  Bot,  t.  I436u  (  Sal.  Woli.,  No.  15. ;  wajig,  1486. ;  and^.  IS.  m  p.  798. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc,  Leaves  linear-oblong,  serrated,  glabrous,  rather  unequally 
sloping  at  the  base.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  stalkS,  ovate,  compressed,  gla- 
brous. Stigmas  nearly  sessile.  Bractea  (ov  scale)  clothed  externally  with 
fine,  long,  spreading,  more  or  less  plentiful  hairs.  Bractea  glabrous.  (Hook. 
and  SntSh.y  An  upright  tree.  Britain,  in  wet  woods  and  osier  grounds. 
Height  20  ft.  to  30  rt.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

Leaves  always  perfectly  glabrous.  Extensive!]^  cultivated  for  the  long 
Coueh  rods  which  it  produces  when  cut  down,  which  are  in  frequent  use  for 
wickerwork,  hoops^  &c. 

Varietiet. 

*  S  S,  /.  2  gallica.    The  French  Willow.  — So  called,  and  cultivated,  in 

Sussex,  and  the  eastern  parts  of  England. 
A  ^  S.  /.  3  /fopp^ana.  S.  andr6gyna  Hoppe,  —  Characterised  by  having 

some  catkins  composed  partly  of  male  and  partly  of  female  flowers. 
A  ¥  S,t.  4.    S.  trianora  undulata  Mertetu,  tfi^</.-^  Approaches  to  S. 

amygd&lina. 

A  S  13.  S»  HovFukvsiA^NA  Smith.     Hoffmann's  Willow,  or  Oner. 

Idtnt^eation,    Smith  Ene.  Fl.,  4.  p.  168. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  490. 

Syjum§fme.  S.  trUhidra  at^^,  8.  HoflfaoannMiia  Sm.,  seems  to  be  the  5.  triftDdra  of  Gennan  bo- 
tanists in  general. 

The  Sexes.  The  male  Is  figured  In  Bng.  Bot  Smppl.  and  In  SaL  Wob. ;  a  notice  relative  to  what  haa 
been  regarded  as  the  female  is  given  in  Eng.  Flora. 

EmgraoingM.    HoIT.  Sal.,  1. 1. 9, 10.,  and  88.  L  3. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  1 8G9a ;  vuijlg.  18.  in  p.  794. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  serrated,  smooth,  slightly  rounded  at 
the  base.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  compressed,  glabrous.  Stig- 
mas nearly  sessile.  (Smith.)  A  much-branched  deciduous  shrub,  or  crooked 
tree.  Britain,  in  Sussex,  on  the  sides  of  streams.  Height  6  ft.  to  12  fl. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

S  14,  S.  AUYQDj/ujfk  L,    The  A\jnond4eaved  Willow,  or  Otier^ 

IdmtifieaUon.    Lin.  Sp.  FL,  1448. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  169. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  p.  480. 

Sunonyme.    8.  mnygdalina,  part  of,  Kock  Comm.  p.  18. 

The  Sexes,    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  and  SaL  IVbb. 

Engrapfngs.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 106. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  18. ;  our^.  1487. ;  and^.  !&  in  p.  794. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  serrated,  glabrous,  rounded,  and  unequal  at 
the  base.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  ovate,  compressed,  smooth  ;  its  stalks  almost 
as  long  as  the  bractea.  Stigmas  nearly  sessile.  Young  branches  furrowed. 
Down  of  the  seeds  shorter,  and  less  abundant,  than  in  S.  tri&ndra.  A 
tree.  Britain,  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  ditches.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  fl. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May,  and,  for  the  second  time,  in  August. 

*  15.  S.  YuA^AVLSiA'^SA  Fliigge  et  Willd.     Villars's  Willow,  or  Otter. 

Identification.    Flugge  In  LItt.,  quoted  in  WUId.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  685. ;  Smith  in  Rees*s  Cycl.,  No.  68. 
Svmmymes.    8.  triindra  ViUars  Delph.  8.  p.  768. ;  S.  amygdUlna  var.  Koch  Comm.  p.  19. 
The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  described  by  Willd. :  and  the  male  is  figured  In  Sal  Wob. 
Engravings.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  17. ;  and^.  17.  in  p.  794. 

Spec,  Char.^  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  rounded  at  the  base,  pointed  at  the  tip, 
serrated,  whitely  glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  appearing  with  the  leaves. 
Flowers  triandrous.  Ovary  pedicellated,  ovate,  smooth.  Stigmas  sessile. 
(Willd.)  A  shrub,  with  dark  violet-coloured,  shining  branches.  Dauphine. 
Introduced  in  1818.     Height  5  fl.  to  14  fl.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April 

Ornamental  from  its  abundant  blossoms  in  early  spring,  and  from  its  re- 
markably neat  serrated  leaves.  (See  Jig.  17.  in  p.  7d4.) 


LXVttl.   SALICA^CEJEI 


754 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Group  iv.     Pent&ndra  Borrer. 

Trees  having  Flotuert  with  3—6  Stamens,     Prin.  sp.  16,  17,  and  18. 


IT" 


iJtt 


Stamens  in  a  flower  more  than  3,  in  most  instances  5.  Ovary  glabrous.  — 
The  plants  trees  of  moderate  size.  Leaves  large,  glossy,  fragrant,  serrated, 
and  having  glands  in  the  serratures,  from  which  a  resin  exudes.  Stamens 
in  each  catkin  so  numerous  and  long,  as  to  render  the  flowers,  which,  too, 
are  in  perfection  at  the  same  time  as  the  foliage,  quite  handsome,  and  the 
trees,  in  this  condition,  more  ornamental  than  those  of  any  other  group. 
{Hook.) 

^  16.  S,  PENTA^NDRA  L.    The  five-stamened;/fotcvrffc{  Willow. 

Identification.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1442. :  Eng.  FL,  4.  p.  171. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  P.  420. 
Synonymet.    S.  penUndra,  part  or,  Kock  Comm.  p.  IS. ;  the  iweet  Willow,  or  Bftj-leared  Willow. 
Tke  Sexeg.    Both  lexes  are  figured  in  SaL  Wob.  and  Hayne**  AbbUd.,  and  the  male  in  Eng  Boi.^ 

with  two  riewB  of  an  ovary. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  ISOS. ;  Hott  Austr.,  1. 1. 1.  £  S. ;  our>^.  1438. ;  and>^.  84.  in  p.  796. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  ovate,  pointed,  crenate,  glandular,  glabrous.  Foot- 
stalks glandular  at  the  summit.  Stamens  5  or  more,  hairy  at  the  base. 
Ovary  ovate,  tapMering,  smooth,  nearly  sessile.  {Sal, 
Woh/i  An  upnght  tree.  Britain,  on  the  banks 
of  rivers  and  in  watery  places.  Height  18  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  June. 

The  flowers  are  remarkably  fragrant,  as  are  the 
leaves,  especially  when  bruised :  the  fragrance,  which 
is  similar  to  that  of  the  sweet  bay  (i^urus  n6bilis), 
but  less  powerful,  b  exuded  from  the  resinous  crena- 
tures  of  the  leaves,  and  from  the  barren  catkins.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  desirable  species  of  the  genus  for 
planting  in  pleasure-grounds,  on  account  of  the  fine 
display  made  by  the  blossoms,  their  profusion,  their 
abundant  fragrance,  the  smooth,  shining,  rich  deep  green 
of  the  leaves,  and  the  comparatively  slow  growth  and 
compact  habit  of  the  tree. 

Variety. 

^  S.  j9.  2  hermaphroditica,  — Catkins  more  or  less  hermaphrodite. 

1\1.  S.  ^iE^i&RiANA  Willd.     Meyer's  Willow. 

IdentificaHan.    Wllld.  Berl.  Baums.,  p.  427. ;  Ho61l.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  p.  421. 

SynoMimes.    S.  cusplditta  Sckult* ;  S.  tinct5ria  Smith ;  8.  pent4ndra  fi  lAnm, ;  8.  hexSodra  Ekrk. ; 

S.  BirhartidiMi  Smith  ;  S.  tetrftodra  WWd. 
Tke  Setre$.    The  male  is  figured  In  Hayne's  Abbild,    The  tanale  is  mentioned  in  Kock  Comm.^  and 

Hooker's  Br.  FL,  ed.  8.,  p.  421. 
Engrtningi,    Hayne  AbbilcL..  t  162. ;  omjtg.  1439. ;  and^.  33.  in  p.  796. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-elliptic,  pointed,  glabrous ;  green  and  shining 
above,  rather  pale  beneath  but  not  glaucous  ;  serrated  ;  the  serratures  of 
the  young  leaves  glandular.  Stipules  soon  ftdling  off.  Stamens  3 — i. 
Bractea  obtuse,  yellow.  (fVilld.)  A  handsome  tree,  with  brownish  smooth 
branches,  and  large  broad  shining  leaves.  Pomerania  and  Sweden,  in 
meadows,  and  woody  and  marshy  places.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1822.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April. 
Mr.  Borrer  states  that  the  insertion  of  this  kind  in  Hook,  Br,  Fl,^  ed.  3., 

as  a  native  of  Britain,  arose  from  a  mistake  of  his.    (See  Borrer  in  Comp,  to 

Bot,  Mag.,  p.  225.) 

t  18.  S,  LU^ciDA  Muhlenb.    The  s\i\Tmg4eaved  Willow. 

Identification.    Muhlenb.  Nov.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Snrot.  Berol.,  4.  p.  239.  t.  6.  f.  7.  j  Porih  Fl.  Amar. 

Sept,  2.  p.  616. ;  Michx.  North  Amer.  Sylva,  3.  p.  81. 
Spnonyme.    S.  Forbte'i  Sweet  Hort.  Brit.  ed.  1830. 


1438.   g.  paaUikhm. 


Lxviii.  sauca^c^jb:  «a'lix. 


ARBOSETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


null  li  aganHaSmi.  ICiiI..miidiiotl«lIai»r  ipecUe  cbuncur. 
IT.  Act.  focNit.  Sciui.BboI,  <.  I.  g.CT.(  Hkhi.  MenhAmer.  S]rIn,&t.lW. 
I.  >.  ioorjtf.  ]«M.j  HKiA'n-iiip.  na. 
iS^ff.  CAar.,  ^c.  LettTea  ovate,  DcuminBte,  serrsted,  glabroiiB ;  Ehining  above, 
pale  beneath  ;  the  Berratures  resiaouB.  FootBtalka  glandular.  Stipules 
Urge,  half-heart-ahaped,  Bcrrated,  and  fiimished  with  Blanda.  CMkim  of 
tlie  male  1}  in.  long,  or  more.     SEameni  3—5,  bcanled  U  the  base.  {Sat. 


LXVIII.    ^ALICA^CES  :    SALIX.  757 

Wob.)  A  handmine  tow-growing  tree,  witii  the  broochei  of  the  preceding 
year  of  a  greyish  green  colour  and  Bmooth,  and  the  young  twigs  of  a 
yklowish  green,  somewhat  Btriated  or  angular  at  the  points,  Switxerlaod, 
and,  perhaps.  North  America.  Introduced  in  1818,  Height  20  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  Aj>ril  and  May. 

Group  V.     Fr&giies  Borrer. 
Trtf,  uM  their  Taigi  nKM%  brUile  at  Oe  Jomti.     Prin.  ap.  19.  22.  and  2^ 


^ifflSHQ 


Stameos  3  to  a  flower.  Ovary  glabrous,  elongated,  seated  upon  a  more  or 
less  obvious  stalk.  Flowers  very  loosely  disposed  in  the  catkin.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  serrated,  glabrous,  stipuled.  The  plants,  trees  of  considerable 
ait.  (Hook.  Br.  K,  ed.  S.,  adapted.) 

The  Babylonian,  or  ipeejmg.  Willow. 

■    -     I'l  Crdo,  No.  *l  1  Koch  Ccmm.,  p.  IT. 

I. ;  i.  orlEDttlU,  &e.,  TVwm  i  S.  irtbta,  ftc.  C. 
•ur.  fr.  i  TnuR  WaU^  Thriiw  WsUil  flir. 

'.KLlii  p.  799.1  (hs[4atM  oCIUitnafai  Arb.  Brtt.,  lit 


^>tt.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  baceohite,  aciuninate,  finely  serrated,  glabrous  i 
daucouB  beneath.  Catkins  protruded  at  the  same  time  as  the  leaves. 
Ovary  ovate, sessile, glabrous.  {WHld.)  A  pendubus-branched  tree.  Asia, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates,  near  Babylon,  whence  its  name  ;  and  also 


7&8  ARBORETUM   ET   TRUTICETUM    BRITANNICDH. 

«f  China,  and  other  parto  of  Ahb  ;  and  of  Egypt,  and  other  put*  of  the 
North  of  Ainca.  Hdsht  39  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1730,  or,  peHu^ts, 
169S.    Flowera  greeniM  yellow ;  May. 

Varietiet.  There  ii  one  very  decided  variety,  commonly  treated  aa  r  qieciea 
under  the  name  of  S.  annuliris ;  end  Mr.  Castles  of  the  Twickenham  Bo- 
tanic Garden  is  of  opinion  that,  exclusive  of  tliia  variety,  there  are  two' 
forma  of  the  Bpeciea  in  the  country,  one  of  which  he  thinks  may  possibly 
be  the  male  plaoL  This  form,  aa  it  appears  to  be  the  same  as  tbe  plant 
•ent  from  BL  Helena,  we  shall,  till  something  further  has  been  decided 
respecting  it,  call  S.  b.  Napoledno.     The  varieties  will,  therefore,  stand  as 

X  S.  6.  1  tndgarufieta.  Hort.  —  Young  shoots  pale  green,  slender,  with 
an  angular  twiat  above  the  axil  of  each  leal,  and  laige  atipoles.  It 
i«  the  most  common  weeping  willow  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Lon- 
don, and  flowera  in  June. 

%  S.b.2  Ifapoledim  HorU  —  Shoots  round,  generally  reddish,  and  the 
leaves  without  stipules.  Sex  female.  Probabiy  nothing  more  than 
the  common  variety.     Introduced  from  St.  Hefena  in  ?  1823. 

I  S.  i.  3   (T&pa   Hort.    S,  MUiul&ris   Farbet  in   Sal.  Wab.   No.  8U 


with  a  fig.  of  the  female;  the  Ring-leaved  Willow.     Ourjb.Sl.in 
p.  794.  i  and  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  Istedit.,  voL  rii.  ; 
and  our^.  1448.  —  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrUed,  curled 
or  twisted,  glabroDS,  and  glaucous  beneath. 
A  wdl-known  ornamental  tree  in  universal  cultivation. 

IS  Boffm.  The  deceptive,  WMlc  WeUh,  or  twniieW,  Willow. 

*T.5*fT'5"*S«'"!  S-M«Ult.I»totroc*Ci-B..p.H. 

ncrH»l&BM.  «.i  Uniniil«liasTiiidln£M.Jai..ml&,  (Til*. 
1.  Sl.i  Bng.fibl.,  LI93J.1  aurfig.  IMS.;  moiJIg.V.f.t^. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  very  smooth  i  Sonil 


LXVltl.    fALtCACEjE:   SA  LIX. 

ones  partly  oborate  ud  recurved.  Footat^B  some- , 
what  elandular.  Ovai;  tapering,  staked,  Bmooth. 
Style  TaDser  than  the  doven  atigmu.  Sranchet 
Emooth,  hi^Iy  polished.  {Hqffm.)  An  upright,  but 
not  lofty  tree,  distinguished  by  the  smooth  clay-  i 
coloured  bark  of  the  iaat  year's  branches,  whidi  shine 
like  porceliun,  as  if  varniBhsd  ;  the  shootB  of  the 
present  year  being  Etained  of  a  fine  red  or  crimBon. 
Britain.  Height  30  ft.  to  4011.  Flowen  yellow  j  May. 
Frequently  cultivated  for  basketwork  ;  but  it  well  de- 
serves a  place  in  ornamental  plantaCions,  from  the  re- 
markable appearance  of  its  bark  during  winter. 


The  brittlc-iu^ffd,  or  Crack,  Willow. 


Sptc.  Char.,  if-c.  Leaves  ovate-Ian ceola(«,  pointed,  Eermted  throughout,  very 
slabroUB.  Footstalks  glandular.  Ovary  ovate,  abrupt,  nearly  aesaile,  gla- 
brous. Bracteas  oblong,  about  equal  to  the  stamens  and  piatila.  Stomas 
cloven,  longer  than  the  style.  ( JmifA.)  A  tall  bushy-headed  tree,  vilh  the 
branches  set  on  obliquely,  somen  hat  crossing  each  other,  not  continued  in  a 
Gtrmght  line  outwards  from  the  trunk  ;  by  which  character.  Sir  J.  E.  Smith 
observes,  it  may  readily  be  distinguished  even  in  winter.  Britain;  common 
in  hedges.  Height  60  fl.  to  90  ft.  Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 
3c  4 


760  ASBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

The  brooches  are  round,  very  smooth,  "  and  so  brittle  at  the  base,  in 
■priDg,  that  with  the  tligfatett  Mow  they  start  from  the  trunk  j "  whence  the 
name  of  crack  willow :  though,  accor^ng  to  Kr  J.  £.  Smith,  this  is  more 
or  less  the  case  with  S.  decipiens,  and  several  other  species  of  willows,  both 
Dative  and  exotic. 


I  Si.  S.  RusauLUj'If.^  Smith.     The  Russell,  or  Date  of  BedforiC;  Willow. 


Spec.  Char.,  S[c,  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  at  each  end,  serrated  throughout, 
verj'  glabrous.  Footatalke  glandular  or  leafy.  Ovary  tsperin);.  stalked, 
longer  than  the  bractess.  Style  as  long  as  the  stigmas.  (SmUi.)  A  large 
handsome  tree.  Britnin.  in  marahy  woods.  Height  BO  ft.  to  90  ft.  Flower* 
yellowish  i  April  and  Maj-. 


Lxviir.  SAhick'cEM:  sa\ix.  761 

The  branches  are  long,  straight,  and  slender,  not  angular  in  their  insertion 
like  those  of  iS^  fr&gilis  ;  and  the  trees  of  both  species,  when  stripped  of 
their  leaves,  may  be  distinguished  respectively  by  these  marks.  Tne  cele- 
brated willow  at  Lichfield,  called  Johnson's  Willow,  of  which  two  portraits 
are  given  in  our  first  edition,  together  with  the  history  of  the  tree,  was 
of  this  species. 

1  25.  S.  PvRsniA^HA  Borrer»  Purah*s  Willow,  is  described  in  our  first 

edition,  p.  1522. 

Group  vi.     AfWa  Borrer. 

TVees  of  the  largest  Sze,  with  the  FoBage  whitish,    Prin.  sp.  26.  and  27. 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  glabrous.  Flowers  loosely  disposed  in  the 
catkin.  Leaves  lanceolate,  serrated  with  glanded  serratures  ;  hairv,  espe- 
cially while  young,  with  appressed  silky  haira,  which  ^ve  to  the  foliage  a 
light  or  whitish  hue.  —  Plants  trees  of  considerable  hei^t.  (Hook.) 


t  26.  S.  a'lba  L,     The  whitish'leaved,  or  common  white.  Willow. 

n..  1449. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  S81. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  ed 
t  or,  Kock  Comm.  p.  16. ;  the  Huntingdon,  or  Swi 
bribed  In  Smg.  Fl.,  and  both  figured  in  Eng.  Boi. 


Idemt^leaHon,    Lin.  Sp.  Fl..  1449. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  S81. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  ed.  3. 

Sffnof^fmei.    S.  ilba,  part  or,  Koch  Comm,  p.  16. ;  the  Huntingdon,  or  Swallow-tailed,  Willow. 

7)ke  8ega.    Both  are  described  In  Eng.  Fl.,  and  both  figured  In  Eiut.  Boi. 


EngroHngt.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  8480.;  Host  Sal.  Anst.,  1.  t.  S9,  33. }  the  plates  of  thb  tree  in  Arb. 
Brit.,  1st  edit.,  toI.  tU.  ;  and  0}Uftgi.  1446,  1447. 

Spee»  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  silky  on  both 
sides  ;  the  lowest  serratures  glandular.  Stamens  hairy.  Germen  smooth, 
almost  sessile.  Stigmas  deeply  cloven.  Scales  notched.  (Smith,)  A 
laree  tree.  Norway  and  Sweden,  to  the  Mediterranean  Sea  ;  North-East 
and  West  of  Asia ;  and  introduced  into  the  United  States.  Frequent  in 
Britain,  and  also  in  Ireland.    Height  50  fL  to  80  ft.    Flowers  yellow;  May, 

Varieties, 

¥  S.  a.  2  carulea.  S,  &Iba  var.  Snath  Fl,  Brit.  p.  1072. ;  iS^.  caerulea 
Smith  Eng.  Bot,  t.2431. ;  S,  61ba  $  Smith  Eng,  Fl,  iv.  p.  231.;  the 
upland,  or  red-tinged.  Willow,  Pontey  Profit.  Planter,  4th  ed.,  1814, 
p.  72. ;  the  Leicester  Willow,  Dav^s  Agrtcuitural  ChenMy,  1st  ed.; 
Blue  Willow,  Smith  ;  and  our^.  137.  m  p.  817. 

¥  S.  tf.  3  criipa  Hort.-— Leaves  narrow,  contorted  and  silky. 

S  S.  a.  4  rosea  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Aspect  reddish. 

In  the  North  of  Europe,  the  bark  of  this  tree  is  used  for  tanning  leather, 
and  for  dyeing  yam  of  a  cinnamon  colour ;  and  the  leaves  and  young  shoots  are 
given  to  cattle  in  a  green  state,  or  dried  like  the  twifs  of  tne 
birch,  and  laid  up  for  winter  fodder.  The  inner  bark,  like  that  of 
Scotch  pine,  being  kiln-dried,  and  ground  into  a  fine  flour,  is 
mixed  with  oatmeal,  and  made  into  bread,  in  seasons  of  great 
scarcity,  by  the  inhabitants  of  Norway  and  Kamtschatka.  The 
branches  of  the  tree  are  used  as  stakes,  poles,  handles  to 
rakes,  hoes,  and  other  implements,  and  as  fa^got-wood  for  fuel. 
The  timber  of  the  trunk  is  used  for  various  nurposes.  It 
weighs,  in  a  green  state,  701b.  9oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  half-dry, 
51  lb.  14oz. ;  and  quite  dry.  32  lb.  12  oz.;  so  as  to  lose  more  than 
one  half  of  its  weiffnt  by  orying,  during  which  it  loses  a  sixteenth 
part  of  its  bulk,  it  is  found  an  excellent  lining  for  stone-carts, 
barrows,  &c.  It  is  used  in  turnery,  millwork,  coopery,  weather- 
boardings  &c. ;  and  the  stronger  shoots  and  poles  serve  for  making  hoops,  han- 
dles to  hay-rakM,  clothes-props  (see  fig.  169.  Encyc,  ofCott.  Arch.),  and  various 
other  instruments  and  implements  ;  and  the  twigs  are  employed  in  wicker- 
work.    The  bark,  which  is  thick  and  full  of  cracks,  is  in  nearly  as  great  repute 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


for  tsHDing  as  diat  of  the  oak ;  and  It  ie  also  uted  in  medidne,  in  the  cure 
of  agues,  ai  a  nib«titute  for  cinchcna ;  though  it  is  inferior  for  both  pur- 
poses to  that  of  S.  RuBtelli^na.  As  fuel,  the  wood  of  this  tree  is  to  that  of 
the  beech  as  808  is  to  1540 ;  but  the  old  bark  makes  s  very  useliil  fuel ;  and 
both  it  and  the  wood  will  burn  when  ^en,  in  which  state  the  wood  is  said 
to  give  out  most  heat.  The  charcoal  is  excellent  for  use  in  the  manufacture 
of  gunpowder,  and  for  crayons.  The  ashes  are  very  rich  in  alkali,  containiiw 
more  than  a  tenth  part  of  their  weight  of  that  salL  In  France,  a  fine  blood- 
red  colour  JB  obtained  from  the  barR  ;  and  that  of  the  joung  tree  is  used  in 
the  preparation  of  leather  for  making  gloves. 

It  is  justly  remarked  by  Mr.  Oome,  that  it  adds  much  to  the  value  of  the 
Siiix  &lba,  that  its  propagatioD  and  culture  are  of  the  most  simple  description, 
and  that  it  will  grow  luxuriantly  in  most  boils  where  other  trees  make  but 
slow   progress.     According    to    Sang,  it  will  thrive  well   in  high  and  dry 


>^««, .   .,.^ 


LXVIII.    i9ALlCA'C£iB  :   SA  LIX.  763 

grounds ;  and,  if  planted  in  the  grove  manner,  in  tolerably  good  soil,  perhaps 
no  other  plantation,  except  lamies,  would  give  so  quick  a  return  for  the 
trouble  and  expense  of  planting. 

^  27.  S,  viTELLi^NA  L,    The  yolk-of-egg-coloured,  or  yellow.  Willow, 

or  Crolden  Osier, 

Idmtr/leaiion.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  144S. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  182. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  423. 
Synonyme.    S.  ilba  Koek  Comm.  p.  16. 

nr  Sexes.    Both  msm  are  figured  In  Eng.  Bot.^  Sal.  Wob.^  and  Host  Sal.  Aust, 
JSngraHngM.    HofSn.  Sal..  1. 11, 12.  and  24.  f.  1. ;  Hott.  Sal.  Aust.,  t.  30, 81. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1389. ; 
the  plate  of  thia  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  lit  edit. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  20. ;  uidfyg.  20. in  p.  784. 

Spec,  CAar,f  S^c,  Leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  with  cartilaginous  serratures; 
fflabrous  above  ;  glaucous  and  somewhat  silky  beneath.  Stipules  minute, 
lanceolate,  deciduous,  smooth.  Ovary  sessile,  ovate'lanceolate,  smooth. 
Bracteas  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  fringed  at  the  base,  longer  than  the  pistil. 
(Smith.)  A  large  tree.  Britain,  in  hedges,  and  cultivated  in  osier  grounds 
in  many  places  ;  and  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  sorts,  by  the 
briffht  yellow  colour  of  its  branches.  Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  May. 

As  an  ornamental  tree,  5!yix  vitelDna  is  very  striking  in  the  winter  season, 
especially  among  evergreens.  As  a  shrub,  it  is  not  less  so,  both  among  ever- 
green shrubs  and  deaduous  kinds,  having  the  bark  of  conspicuous  colours. 
In  the  English  garden  at  Munich,  extensive  masses  of  this  willow  are  placed  in 
contrast  with  masses  of  the  white-barked  honeysuckle  (Lonicera  Xyl6steum), 
the  red-barked  dogwood  (C6mu8  &lba),  and  the  brown-barked  spiraea  (iS'pi- 
rse^a  opulifolia). 

Group  vii.     Niffj-a. 

Extra-European  Kindt  aUied  to  the  Kindt  of  one  or  aU  of  the  three  preceding 

Groups.    Prin.  sp.  26. 


[23 


Of  the  willows  of  Europe  Koch  has  associated  the  kinds  of  Mr.  Borrer's 
groups  Pentandne,  f  rdgiles,  and  A^bce  into  one  group,  which  he  has 
named  Fr^es ;  and  he  has  pointed  out  and  describ^,  as  extra-European 
kinds  belonging  to  it,  S.  ocddentalis  Bote,  S.  nigra  MUhl.,  S.  babyl6nica  L., 
S.  octindra  Sieber,  and  S.  Humboldttamz  Willd.  Mr.  Borrer  has  included 
S.  babyl6nica  L,  in  his  group  Fragiles.  The  rest  are  here  collected  in  a 
group  by  themselves,  to  whicn  is  added  S,  Agustrina  Michx,  jun,,  from  the 
notice  by  Mr.  Forbes,  and  also  by  Michaux,  that  it  is  similar  to  S.  nigra. 

1  28.  S.  Ni'oRA  Muhlenb.  The  black,  or  dark-branched  American,  Willow. 

IdentifieatUm.    MOhlenb.  in  Nor.  Act.  Soc  Nat.  Scnit.  Berol.,  4.  p.  237.  t.  4.  f.  5. ;  Punh  Fl 

Amer.  Sept.,  2.  p.  614. 
Sifmmymet.    S.  caroliniina  Mickjt.  Fl  Bar.  Amer.  2.  pi  226. ;  8,  pentindra  Wali.  FL  Car.  248L ; 

5.  Tulgirb  Clayt.  Fl.  Virg. 
The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  noticed  in  tha  apeclflc  character.    Willdenow  had  leen  the  male  allre, 

and  boUi  sexes  in  a  dried  sUte. 
Bngrmfkms.    Nov.  Act.  Soc.  Nat.  Scnit.  BeroL,  4.  t.  4.  f.  6. ;  lOchx.  N.  Amer.  SyL,  8.  1. 12& 

t  I.  without  flovers ;  sjiAfig.  152.  in  p.  818. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  pointed,  serrated,  green  on  both 
sides,  glabrous,  except  a  downy  rib  and  foot- 
stalk. Catkins  accompanying  the  leaves,  villous. 
Stamens  about  5,  bearded  at  the  base.  Ovary 
stalked,  ovate-lanceolate,  glabrous.  Stigmas 
divided,  the  length  of  the  style.  (Sal.  Wob!) 
A  tree,  with  smooth  branches,  brittle  at  the 
base.  Pennsylvania  to  Vircinia,  on  the  banks 
of  rivers.  Height  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1811. 
Flowers  yellow ;  May.  «,»,DjRt..  im.  »,  s.  flg6.i>tea. 


764  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 

Mr.  Forbes  observes  that  S.  /igustrina  of  Michaux  diflers  principally  from 
S,  nigra  in  its  larger  stipules,  which  resemble,  as  well  as  the  leaves,  those  of 
S,  triandra.  (Sal.  Woh.,  p.  28.)  In^.  1448.  a  shows  S,  nigra,  b  S.  /igustrina. 

«  29.  S,  HuMBOLDT/vi'x:^  Willd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  8. ;  and  fig.  8.  in  p.  792.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

ft  ?   'f   30.  5.  BoNPLAND/iiWvi  Humb.  et  Bonpl.    (Sal.  Wob.,  t.  9. ;   and 
fig.  9.  in  p.  792.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  viii.     Vrinotdes  Borrer. 

Shrubs,  moitly  Natives  of  North  America^  and  used  m  Baskei'tnakmg. 

Win.  sp.  32.  and  33. 


IJLl 


□ 


Kinds  all,  or  all  but  S.  confiSmiis  Forbes,  natives  of  North  America,  The 
kinds  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  placed  in  this  group  are  S.  rigida  Muhl^  S. 
prinoides  Pursh,  and  S.  confdrmis  Forbes.  To  these  5.  discolor  WUld.  and 
S.  angustata  Pursh  have  been  added,  from  their  resembUnce  to  S.  pri- 
noldes. 

•  31.  S.  Ri^GiDA  JSTuhlenb.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  141.,  a  leaf ;  SDd  fig.  141.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  S  32.  S.  prinoi'des  Pursh.    The  Prinos-like 

Willow. 

IdeniUteatiom.    Punh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  S.  p.  6IS. ;  Smith  In  Real*! 

C7CI.,  No.  26. 
TV  Sexe*.    The  female  U  fiffured  In  Sal  Wob. 
EngrMingt,    SaI.  Wob.,  No.  40.  \  oax  Jig.  1449. ;  and  Jig.  40.  In 

p.  800. 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Leaves  oval-obloQg,  acute,  with 
distant  wavy  serratures ;  elabrous  above,  glau- 
cous beneath.  Stipules  huf-heart-shaped,  deeply 
toothed.  Catkins  villous,  protruded  before  the 
leaves.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  pointed,  silky.  Style 
elongated.  Stigmas  cloven.  (Pursh.)  A  large 
deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Pennsylvania  to 
Virginia,  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height  6  ft.  to 
12  ft.  Introduced  in  1811.  Flowers  yellow; 
March  and  April.  «*49-  »• 

ft  33.  S.  Di'scoLOR  Muhlenb.  (SaX.  Wob.,  No.  147.,  a  leaf;  and  our^. 
147.  in  p.  818.)  is  aescribed  in  our  first  ^ition. 

A  34.  S.  anousta'ta  Pursh  (Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  2.  p.  113.)  is  described  in 

our  first  edition. 

ft  35.  S.  coNFo^RMis  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  24. ;  and  fig.  24.  in  p.  795.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  ix.     Griseie  Borrer. 

Chiefiif  Shrubs,  Natives  of  North  America.     Prin.  sp.  40.  and  43. 
Most  of  the  kinds  are  natives  of  North  America.    S.  MiihleabergiofM  Willd., 


Lxviii.  5ALICa\:e.g:  sa'lix.  765 

S.  conUta  MiUtUnb.,  S.  Meiita  Purth,  and  S.  tristis  Ait.,  are  addilions  to 
the  kinds  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  placed  in  thi«  eroup.  With  regard  to  S. 
reil£xa  Fortet,  S.  nnitB  ?  Forbet,  and  S.  Lydm  ?  SchL,  included  in  it  by 
Mr.  Borrer,  he  remarlu, "  I  am  unacquainted  with  these,  and  hare,  perhapa, 
placed  them  in  the  wroi^  group." 

•  36.  S.  riRE'sCEKS  Forbet,     Hie  greeniBh-buDnf  Willaw,  or  verdanl  Oiier. 

ldnili/laaio».    ForbM  la  Sal,  Wob.jNo.  1. 

ptuflfMU,  bat  hu  lubfdtutal  Iba  ipoclllc  anna  of  Tlrfaou.  u  buziA  on*  mon  dotcripdve  of  Iha 

rirSria.    The ttmtit !•  deKritwl *od llKured  in  Sal.  W 
J!»frama^.    StX.  Wob  ,  No.  7-t  ovrjlf.  ]4M.  ;  widjlf.  7. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sic.      Leaves  lineai'lanceolate,   serrated,  acute,  ^ 
smooth,   green    on   both   rides.      Ovary   ovate-lanceolati 
BCBTcelv  down;p.     Style  divided.    Stigmas  parted.     Stipules  '^ 
Done,  i Forbet.)     An  upright  shrub.     Switzerland.    Height 
8ft.     Introduced  in  1880.     Flowers  yellow  i  April.  itu.  s,«ri»<ii. 

fl  37.  S.  RBFLS'XA  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  94. ;  and  our  Jig.  94.  in  p.80T.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 
J>38.  5.  viboa'ta  Forifi  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  12.,  without  flowers;  and  our  j^. 

IS.  in  p.  793.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  39.  5.  Lvo'Nn  ?  Schl.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  10.,  without  Aowere ;  and  our  fig. 

ItX  in  p.  798.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

jt  40.  S.  HovaTatHA'HA  Pursh.    Houston's  Willow. 

OtntaiciillQti.    Tnrih  Fl.  Knew.  Sspt,  1.  p.  «M. ;  Smith  In  tUm'%  Cjtin.,  No.  41, 

awnyiw.    9.  trtitlt  LcM.  Cat.  ed!  IBM. 

Tlie  Stra.  Th«  mila  l>  diicrilwl  In  Punb'i  ipedHc  chvKter,  lod  ths  hnul*  !•  dHcHlKd  and 
OBdrcd  In  SaL  Wob. 

ErvrmiAici.    Sal.  Wob.,  Vo.  11. ;  udjff.  11.  in  f.  19t. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  linesr-lanceolate,  and  very  finely  serrated,  glabrous, 
shining,  and  green  on  both  sides.  Stipules  none.  Catkins  accompanying 
the  leaves,  cylindrical,  villous.     Brecteas  ovate,  acute.      Stamens  3  '     ' 


bearded  halC-wav  up.  Branches  extremely  brittle  at  the  base.  {Furth.) 
A  low-growing  shrub,  with  slender,  roundisQ,  smooth,  veUowigh  brandies. 
Virginia  and  Carolina.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.   Introduced  in  1B£0.    Flowers 


•  *1.  S.  PalCa't*  Purth    (Stl.  Wob.,  No.  148.,  a  leaf;  and  our^.  148. 

in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

■  48.  5.  oBi'sBA  IViild.  (Ann.  of  Bot.,  2.  t.  5.  f.  8.)  is  described  in  our  first 

edition. 

X  «  43'  S,  pstiou'ris  Smith.     The  'm^^ietiolated  Willow. 
HflUgfcntlM.    Sn)HhtnUn.Soc.Tivu.,B.p.ra. 
AmwMi.    s.  gjii>it  Waid.-ni.  a  labflMiAti  XadtComm.  a.  n.TMt*.    Koch  ragardi  (ha  9. 

peUoIliiiSin<Mu*>ar.  or9.Br^:  and  II  prebablr  U  ».  (fibprcr  In  ilatUr.} 
lit  Stitl.     The  l^malt  II  Agurnl  In  bv-Soi.  and  Sal.  Wob.     Smith  obierria  that  ha  •■  knon 

hiilDgncdied  the  mala  rromUr'.  O.  ADdenop.bot  at  preunt  ha  h*i  tha  r«mi1«onfi.  (W.  B.^  ' 
Smtrathft.    Eng.  Bot..  1.  H«.  i  Sal.  Wob..  No.  as.  i  oor;(r,  1151.  j  andj^.  23.  In  p.  Isi 

Spec.  Char.,  I^c.     Leaves  lanceolate,  serrated,  glabrous  ;  glaucoi 
somewhat  une<pial  at  the  base.     Stipules  lunate,  toothed. 
Catkins  lax.      Sracteas  hairy,  shorter  than  the  stalks  of 
the  ovate  silky  ovaries.      Stigmas  divided,  sessile.  {Smith.)  ^ 
A  bushy  tree,  with  slender,  spreading,   flexibly   smooth,  « 
purplish  or  dark   brown   branches.     Scotland,  in  Angus-   f 
shire  and  other  places.     Height  12  ft.  to  15  ft.     Flowers  J 
yellow  ;  April  ana  Hay. 
Eanly  known  ftoro  every  other  spedes,  by  its  short  obtuse 

catkins,  and  long  dark  leaves.    Alter  gathering,  the  young 


766  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

leaTes  especiallj   exhale  a  strong  scent,  not  unlike    the  flavour  of  bitter 
almonds,  but  less  agreeable. 

A  44.  S.  PENNSTLYA^NiCA  Forbet   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  95. ;  and  our^.  95.  in 

p.  808.)  is  describcxi  in  our  first  edition. 

^  45.  S,  MuHLENBBRO/vi^^^  Willd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  145. ;  and  our^.  145. 

in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Wk  46.  S.  TRf'sTis  Aii.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  150.,  a  leaf ;  and  our  Jig.  150.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  47.  S.  corda'ta  Muhlenb.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  142.»  a  leaf;  and  our/g.  142. 

in  p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  X.     'Rosmarinifblia  Borrer. 
Ijow  Shrubs,  toUh  narrow  Leoffet,  Prin.  sp.  48, 


LJ  LJ  laj  IaJ 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovaiy  silky,  stalked.  Catkins  short.  Flowers  loosely 
disposed  in  the  catkin.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  or  toothed  with 
extremely  minute  glanded  teeth.— Plants  small  upn^t  shrubs.  (Hoo^.) 

A  48.  S.  JiosMARiNiFo^LiA  L,     The  Rosemary-leaved  Willow. 

Identifieaapm,    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1446. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  314. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ad.  S., 

p.  438. 
S^tuMqffiK.    S.  ronoaarinlfMia,  part  of,  Koch  Comm.  p.  49. 
Tha  Sega.    Both  are  described  in  WWd.  Sp.  PL.  and  flffured  in  Hmme  AhhOd. 


InlfMia,  part  of,  Ko<A  Comm.  p.  49. 

escribed  in  WWd.  Sm.  PL.  and  flgured  in  Htmm 

t.,  1. 1865. ;  SaL  Wob.,  No.  87. ;  ova  Jig.  1461 ; 


Eiu^tningi.    Bng.  Bot.,  1. 1865. ;  SaL  Wob.,  No.  87. ;  ^ovajlg.  \A^7\kdA  Jig. 
87.  in  p^  806* 

Spec.  Char.j  ^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  silky,  qiute  entire, 
or  with  a  few  very  minute  glanded  teeth,  especially  the 
young  leaves.  Catkins  shortly  oblong,  curved,  lax.  Ovaries 
stalked,  silky,  lanceolate-acuminate.  Style  about  as  long 
as  the  linear  divided  stigmas.  Bracteas  short,  villous. 
{Hook.)  A  slender  upright  shrub.  Sweden,  Oermanv, 
and  the  northern  parts  of  Britain.  Height  2  ft.  to  5  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April.  i4aj.  «. 

A  Jk  49.  51  ANGVSTIFO^UA  Borrer,  Hooker,  f  Wulf.  The  narrow-leaved  Willow. 

Ideniificatum.    Borrer  and  Hook,  in  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  S.,  p.  417. ;  ?  Wulf.  in  Jaoq.  ColL,  S.  4S. 
Svnonffmet.    8.  arbdscula  Smith  FL  Brit.  p.  1050. ;  S.  rotmarinifblia  m  Koek  Comm.  p.  49. 
The  Sejtet.    The  female  is  described  in  Emg,  Ftorm,  and  flguied  in  Btig.  Bot.  and 

SaL  Wob. 
Engrawfnp.    Eng.  Bot,  1 1866. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  t.  86. ;  our>^.  1488. ;  and  Jig,  86. 

in  p.  800. 

S>pec.  Char.,  S^c.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  nearly  glabrous, 
with  minute  glandular  teeth ;  the  young  leaves  silky ;  glau- 
cous beneath.  Catkins  ovate,  erect.  Ovaries  ovate-acumi- 
nate, densely  silky,  stalked.  Style  about  as  loi^  as  the 
broad,  erect,  entire  stigmas.  Bracteas  very  villous,  neariy 
as  long  as  the  young  ovaries.  (Hook.)  A  low  shrub.  Scot- 
land, on  the  Clova  Mountains,  and  also  near  Dumfries. 
Height  1  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;  April.  ,4^  ^ 

-*  50.  S.  DfcCU^MBENS  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No  88.;  and^.  88.  in  p. 806.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  51.  S.  fusca'ta  Purih   (Fl.  Araer.  Sept.,  8.  p.  612.)  is  described  m 

our  first  edition. 


LXVIII.   S-ALICA^CE^:    iSA^WX.  767 

Group  xi,     Fiiscai  Borrer. 
MoiUy  procuTttbeni  Shrubs,    Prin.  sp.  52  and  53. 


LjeuL^ei 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower,  as  far  as  to  the  kinds  whose  male  flowers  have  been 
observed.  Ovary  silky,  stalked.  Catkins  ovate  or  cylindrical.  Leaves 
between  elliptical  and  lanceolate;  mostly  silky  beneath;  nearly  entire. 
— Plants  small  shrubs.  Stem,  in  most,  procumbent  S,  fusca  L.y  Hooker^ 
var.  1.,  and  jS».  Dontona  Smith,  have  a  likeness  in  aspect  to  the  kinds  of  the 
group  PurpuresB,  except  S.  rubra  Huds.  (^Hook.) 

-*  52.  S,  Fu'scA  L,    The  brown  Willow. 

IdentifieatUm,    Hook.  Br.  FI.,  ed.  SL,  p.  417. ;  ?  Hayne  AbbUd.,  P.  942. 

Sfnumuma.    S.  r^n*  Hook.  Ft  Soot.  I.  p.  984. :  S.  rdpeni  Kodk^  part  of,  Koch  Comm.  p.  47. 
Tke  Sexes.    The  female  li  figured  in  Haifne  Jbbiid.,  If  the  S.  f6aca  of  that  work  Is  the  S.  ffisca  L. 
Engravings.    Hajno  Abbild.,  1. 184. ;  Sal.  Wob. ;  and  ourjlf.  83.  In  p.  806. 

Spec,  Ckar,f  S^c,  Stems  more  or  less  procumbent.  Leaves  elliptical  or 
elliptic-lanceolate,  acute;  entire,  or  serrated  with  minute  glaHded  serra- 
tures ;  somewhat  downy;  glaucous,  and  generaUy  very  silky  beneath. 
Ovary  lanceolate,  very  silky,  seated  upon  a  long  stalk.  Sti^as  bifid. 
(Hook,)  A  decumbent  shrub.  Britain,  on  heaths.  Height  6  m.  to  1ft. 
Stamens  yellow ;  May. 

Varieties. 

ji  S./  1  vulgaris,  S.  f.  var.  a  Hook,  Br.  Fl.  ed.  2.;  S.  fusca  SnM 
Eng,  Bot.  t.  I960.,  Forbes  in  Sal,  Wob,^  No.  83. ;  S.  repens  Koch 
fi  Koch  Comm,  p.  47.;  and  our  y^.  83.  m  p.  806.  —  Stem  decum- 
bent below,  then  upright,  much  branched.  Leaves  elliptic  lan- 
ceolate. 

-*  S./.  2  repem,  S.  f.  jS  Hook.  Br,  Fi,  ed.  2. ;  S,  repens  Lin,  Sp.  PL  1447., 
Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob,  No.  84.  ;  and  our  Jig,  84.  in  p.  836.  —  Leaves 
elliptic-lanceolate,  straight,  somewhat  pomted,  nearly  entire ;  almost 
naked  above,  glaucous  and  silky  beneath.  Stipules  none.  Stem 
depressed,  with  short  upright  branches. 

^  8./  3  prostrata.  S.  f.  var.  y  Hook.  Br.  Pi.  ed.  2. ;  S.  prostr&ta  Smith 
JEng,  Bot.  1. 1959.,  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob,  No.  82. ;  and  our  fig.  82. 
in  p.  806.  —  Leaves  eUiptic-oblonff,  convex,  somewhat  toothed, 
witn  a  curved  point;  glaucous,  silky,  and  veinv  beneath.  Stipules 
minute.  Stems  prostrate,  with  elongated  straight  branches.  Ovary 
stalked,  ovate,  silky.     Styles  shorter  than  the  stigmas. 

-*  S./.  ^fo/tida.  S.  f.  var.  8  Hook,  Br,  Fl,  ed.  2.;  S.  fce'tida  Smith 
Eng.  FL  iv.  p.  208. — Stem  recumbent.     Leaves  elliptical. 

A  S.  /  5  incubdcea,  S.  f.  5  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  3. ;  S.  incubkcea  lAn.  Sp, 
PL  1447.,  Forbes  in  S(d.  Wob.  No.  79. ;  and  our  fig.  79.  in  p.  806. — 
Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  acute,  with  a  twisted  point ; 
glaucous  and  silky  beneath,  stipules  stalked,  ovate,  acute.  Stem 
procumbent.  Branches  erect.  Catkins  erect,  oblong-cylindrical. 
Stalk  of  the  silky  ovary  about  as  long  as  the  obovate  bractea  (scale). 
(Borrer.) 

A  S./.  6  argentea.  S.  f.  6  Hook.  Br.  FL  ed.  2. ;  S.  argentea  Smlh 
Eng.  Bot.  1. 1364.,  Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.  No.  78. ;  and  our  fi^.  78.  in 
p.  806.  —  Leaves  elliptical,  entire,  somewhat  revolute,  with  a  re- 
curved point ;  rather  downy  above,  silky  and  shining  beneath,  as 
well  as  the  branches.  Stem  upright.  Ovary  ovate-lanceolate,  silky  ; 
its  silky  stalk  nearly  equal  to  the  linear  oblong  bractea.  Style  not 
longer  than  the  stigmas. 


768 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


A  53.  S.  TkiVTA'NA  Smith.     Don's,  or  the  rusfy-branched,  WUlow. 
IdeniifieaiUm.    Smith  la  Bog.  FL,  4.  p.  S13. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8.,  p.  4M. ;  Borter  in  Eng.  Bot- 
Tkt  SftTCT.*  The  female  b  deMnlbed  and  figured  In  SaL  Wob.  and  Eng.  Bot.    The  male  haa  not  yet 
Bmgrmvmgs.    Sal.  W<*.,  No.  86. ;  Bng.  Bot.,  t.  StS99. ;  our^.  1454. ;  and  A-  85.  In  p.  806. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  partly  opposite, 
acute,  slightly  serrated,  even;  livid  and  somewhat  silky 
beneath.  Stipules  linear.  Branches  erect.  Catkins  erect, 
cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  silky,  loneer  than  the  obovate 
bearded  bractea.  (Smith.)  A  shrub,  witn  straight,  wand4ike, 
round,  leafy  branches,  of  a  reddish  or  rusty  brown,  scarcely 
downy,  except  when  very  young.  Scotland,  on  moun- 
tains.   Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

Group  xii.    Awbtgtue  Borrer. 
Shrubt.  Prin.  sp.  54.  and  58. 


-1^ 
4^/ 


1454.    8. 


aan 


S.  finm&rchica  Willd.  has  been  added  to  the  kinds  included  in  this  group  by 
Mr.  Borrer. 

^  ft  54.  iS^.  AMBi'ouA  Ehrh.,  Borrer.    The  ambiguous  WiUow. 

Ident^leathm.    Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot  Sappl.,  t  3783. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8.,  p.  418. 

Sguom^wiei.    Some  are  cited  under  the  Tarletiea  treated  of  below ;  8.  amUgoa  JCmA,  part  of,  K»ek 

Comm.t  p.  49. 
7%e  Setet,    Boih  sexes  of  rar.  «.  the  female  of  Tar.  fi,  the  male  of 

rar.  y,  and  the  female  of  rar.  9  are  figured  In  Snk*  Bot.  SuppL 
EngratringB.    Bng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  8738. ;  and  wujig.  1455. 

Spec,  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  oval,  obovate,  or  lan- 
ceolate, slightly  toothed,  and  having  a  recurved 
point ;  pub^ent,  somewhat  rugose  above,  glau- 
cous and  having  prominent  veins  beneath. 
Stipules  half-ovate,  acute.  Catkins  stalked, 
upnght,  cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  densely 
silky.  Style  very  short.  Stigmas  short,  at 
length  cloven.  (Borr.)  A  small  decumbent 
shmb.  Sussex,  Essex,  and  Suffolk;  and  various 
parts  of  Scotland.  Height  6  in.  to  1ft.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May. 

It  varies  much  in  the  procumbent,  ascending,  or  more  erect  manner  of  its 
growth,  in  the  paler  or  oarker  brown  tinge  of  the  twigs,  and  in  the  quantity 
of  pubescence. 

Varietiei, 

Jk  ji  S.  a.  1  yndg^.  S.  a.  •  Borr.  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2733.,  5  figures 

of  the  two  sexes,  and  description.— A  small  straggling  shrub,  with 

branches  sometimes  procumbent,  sometimes  rising  1  or  2  feet  from 

the  ground. 
•  S.  a.  2  major.    S.  ti.  fi  ms^or  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2733.,  3 

fiffures  of  the  female,  and  description ;  ?  S.  amb(gua  /3  Hook.  Br.  Ft 

ed.  2.  p.  418. ;  S,  versif51ia  Serin^.  Saulet  de  la  Sukte  No.  66., 

Monogr,  40.  (Borrer,)  —  Foliage  silvery. 
A  S.  a.  3  ipathuldta.  S,  a.  y  spathuUta  Bor.  in  Eng.  Bot,  SimpL  t.  2733., 

where  3  specimens  of  the  male  plant  are  ^ured  and  described ; 

S.  ambfgua  y  Hook.  Br,  Fl.  ed.  2.  p.  418. ;  S.  spathuUta  WiUd.  Sp. 

PL  4.  700. ;  S.  spathulkta  ^H/^.— Scarcely  differs  from  S.  ambigua 

vulg^is,  except  m  the  narrower  base  of  the  leaf. 


14A5.  B,  &mMgu. 


LXVIII.    SALICA^CES.:   SA^LIK.  769' 

8.  a.  4  mtdtilala.  S.  a.  t\mA\i&tat Borrerm  Eng.  Bol.t.  ST33., 4 Bgures 
of  the  feiDBle,  and  deBcripdonj  S.  BpathulBta  Willd.,  var.  uodulata  of 
ProfesHor  Mertens,  ^Borrer.)  —  Uemarkable  for  its  lanceolate  or 
almost  linear  leaves,  and  distinctl;  stalked  stipules. 


L  Willd.  is  described  id  our  first  edition. 


UnllflaMm.    FortmlnSRi.  Wob.,  No.n. 

flu  Satt.    The  hnule  U  deicilbed  aal  bund  la  Sat  Wai. 

Engr'^if-     S«l.  Won..  No.  n.  1  omJk-  '"«-  i  "d  mr  Jfe.  77.  in 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic,  almost  entire ;  greyish 
green  and  villous  above,  glaucous  and  pubescent 
beneath.  Stipules  large,  ovate.  Ovarv  ovate,  stalked, 
silky.  Style  smooth.  Stigmas  divided.  i^Forbei.) 
A  low,  depressed  or  trailing,  deciduous  shrub.  Swit- 
zerland. Heights  ft.  Introduced  in  IBii.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  May. 

■  57.  S.  .<L*TERNOi'DBS   Porbet  {_Sal.  Wob.,  No.  76. ;  and  our  Jig.  76.   in 
p.  806.)  ia  described  in  our  first  edition. 
•  ?  t  58.  5.  PBOTBJiTO'LM  Schl.     The  Protea-leaved  WJUow. 
UmlSknllim,    SctaMcher,  <|nouil  Id  Hoc^.  Br,  F1.,  cd.  %,  p.  419. ;  ForUM  In  Sil.  Wob.,  Na  7^- 
Sumirma.    ErtoneoutlT  nhrrcd  La  S.  unMgui  Id  Hook.  Br.  f>.  ed.  9.  (Borrer  MSS.1 
AiScKi.    Th>rnnBkltdHcra»duMia«^r«dln&i/.  real. 
E^rirtimtl.    Sd.  Wob.,  Mo.  7A.  1  ud  our  J^.  T9.  In  p.  KB. 

Spec.  Char.,  Ifc.  Leaves  elliptical,  entire;  villous  above,  wMte  and  silky  be- 
neath. Stipules  ovate,  silkv.  Catkins  thick,  obtuse.  Ovaiy  stalked,  ovate, 
silky.  Bractea  obovate,  silky.  Stigmas  undivided.  (S<d.  WiA^  A  hand- 
some upright-growing  shrub,  or  low  tree.  Switzerland.  Height  18  ft.  to 
SO  ft.     IntrtHluced  in  IBVO.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Group  xiii.     Reticulata  Borrer. 
Leavet  nHctJaUd  and  coriaceom.     Prin.  ap.  59. 


The  chunictcristics  of  this  group,  as  adopted  in  Honk.  Sr.  Fl.,  are  not  de- 
scribed ;  because  it  consists  of  only  ODe  species,  the  S.  reticulttta  L.,  and  the 
characteristics  of  this  species  may  be  deemed  representative  of  ihosc  of  the 
group. 

-*  5fl.  S.  rbticula'ta  L.     The  netted,  or  wriailed,  leaved  Willow. 

AnMkatAm.    L<n.  Bp.  Pi.,  W6.  i  Eng.  Fl,.  4,  p.  too. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ad.  3.,  p.  419. 

TtiScm.    Sulfa  HiHua  Sgundla  Eig  Bui.  (nd  Sai,  Wat.,  Hail.  Sal.  Atal.  Mtd  (fani  AhUU. 

Engratilf.    Sua.  But.,!.  I^iourjlr.  MB7.  i  aiidj^.  G7.  Inp.  SM. 

i%fc.  Char,,  4'C.  Leaves  otbicular,  somewhat  elli| 
entire,  coriaceous,  with  reticulated  veins,  neai 
glaucous  beneath.  Ovary  sessile,  downy.  A 
shrub,  larger  than  iS.  herb^cea.  The  young  fo 
floccose.  England,  and  the  high  mountdns  i 
Scotland.     Height  6  in.      Flowers  purplish  r 

A  very  pretty  little  plant,   porLicutarly  well    adaplol    for   nsj.  j,kii™iiil, 
Tonning  one  of  a  selection  for  growing  in  puts,  so  as  to  fbnn 
a  portable  snlictum;  or  for  growing  on  rockwork. 


770  ARBORETUM  ET    FRUTIGETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

Group  xiv.     Glcdica:  Borren 

Small^  upright^  with  ioft  alky  Leaves,     Prin.  sp.  61.  and  62. 


IjLlUliLl 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  very  downy,  or  silky,  sessile.  —  Plants  small 
shrubs,  most  of  them  upright ;  all,  or  most  of  them,  remarkable  for  their 
foliage,  which  consists  of  leaves  that  are  oblong-lanceolate,  soft,  hairy,  silky, 
and,  in  most,  white  and  cottony  on  the  under  surface.  The  kinds  are  very 
closely  akin,  each  among  the  rest.  (Hook.)  Only  S,  glauca  L.,  S,  arenijria 
L,,  and  S,  Stuartiana  Smith  are  associated  toother  under  the  above  cha- 
racteristics in  Hook,  Br,  Fl,^  ed.  2.  Of  the  kinds  brought  together  below, 
as  agreeing  more  or  less  iu  the  quality  of  similarity,  Mr.  Borrer  has  indicated 
S,  ^Ucagnifolia  Forbes  (^rlseagnoides  Schleicher)^  S,  glauca  L,,  S.  sericea 
Viliars,  S.  Lapponum  Jt.,  S.  arenaria  L.,  S,  arenaria  L.  ?  var.,  S,  leuco- 
phylla  Schleicher  ;  and  S.  Stuartiona  Smith. 

11  60.  S.  fLJEAGNOi'DBS  Schleicher  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  69. ;  and^.  69.  in  p.  804.), 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

jEk  61.  S,  GLAU^CA  L,     The  glaucous  Mountain  Willow. 

Identifieation.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1446. ;  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  901.  \  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S.,  p.  419 

iTcuUU  Fl.  Dan.  t.  10B6..  WiUd.  -     —  '       — 


Engratnngs.    Eng^  Bot.,  t.  1810.  {  SaL  Wob.,  No.  68. ;  our  Jig.  UK. ; 
smdjig.  68.  In 


Synonyme.  S.  appendlcuUU  PI.  Dan.  t.  10B6.,  fViUd.  8p.  PL  4.  p.  690. 
The  Sexes.  Both  Mxei  are  described  in  £ng.  Fl.  \  the  female  U  figured 
in  En^.  Bot. 

p.  804. 

Spec,  Char.f  4*c.  Leave*  nearly  entire,  clliptic4anceo- 
late ;  even,  and  nearly  glabrous  above ;  woolly  and 
snowy-white  beneath.  Footstalks  decurrent.  Ovary 
sessile,  ovate,  woolly.  {Smth.)  A  low  shrub.  High- 
lands of  Scotland.  Stem  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  high,  stout, 
bushy,  with  numerous  short,  round,  spreading  brown 
or  yellowish  branches,  downy  in  their  early  state. 
Flowers  yellow ;  May  to  July.  hm.  &  ^^c^ 

Jk  62.  S.  SERi'CEA  Villars.    The  silky  Willow. 

Ideniificaihn.    Villars  Delph.,  3.  p.  782.  t  61.  f.  87. ;  Wllld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  68S. 


Sjfnomyme.  S.  glaAca,  a  synonyme  of  ICoek  Comm.  p.  56.  "  S.  sericea  of  Villars,  according  to  Ms 
own  specimens.  Is  the  tme  Lappdnnm ;  and  1  hare  Swiss  ones,  properly  so  named,  flrom  M. 
Schleicher.    It  is  HaUer's  No.  1643.**  {Smith  In  Eng.  FLy  4.  p.  903.) 


The  Sexet,    Willdenow  has  described  the  female,  and  noted  that  he  had  seen  it  in  a  dried  state. 
Engravings.    Vill.  Delph.,  3.  t.  51 .  f.  S7. ;  and>^.  74.  in  p.  805. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c,  Stem  prostrate.  Leaf  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  obtuse, 
silky  and  hoary  on  both  surfaces.  Catkins  silky,  stout.  Capsules  ovate- 
oblonff,  stout,  very  villous,  sessile.  Very  different  from  S,  glafica  L, 
Branches  brown,  glossy.  Leaves  2  in.  lon^,  covered  with  long  appressed 
hairs.  Stipules  not  apparent  Catkins  \  in.  long,  cvlindricaL  Bracteas 
lanceolate,  hairy,  caducous.  St^le  short,  bifid.  Stigmas  dilated,  bifid. 
(  Villars.)  A  shrub.  Alps  of  Switzerland  and  France.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
Introduced  in  1820.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Jk  63.  iS^.  Lapponum  L.     The  Laplanders*  Willow. 

Identificatim.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  1447. ;  Forbes  in  Snl.  Wob.,  No.  73. 

fgnongme.    S.  arenArfa  Fl.  Dan.  1. 197.  (Smith.) 

The  Sexes.    The  female  is  described  in  fViUd.  Sp.  Pl.^  and  described  and  figured 

In  Sal.  fTob. 
Engravings.     Lin.  Fl.  Lapp.,  t.  8.  f.  1. 1  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  73. ;  our  Jig.  14fi9i ;  and 

Jig.  73.  in  p.  805. 

Spec.  Char.^  4rc.  Leaves  lanceolate,  very  entire,  bluntish  ; 
hoary  above,  woolly  beneath.  Seed-vessels  woolly  and  oblong. 
(Forbes,^  A  decumbent  shrub.  Lapland.  Height  1  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1812.     Flowers  yellow  J  May  and  June.  iinr  ■  ruifiiniai 


LXVlll,    SAhlCA  CES  I    SK  LIX. 


Jt  66.   S.  OBOTA-TA  PimA  {Sal.  Wob.,  No.  144.,  a  leafj   and  J!g.  144.  io 

p.  BIS.)  ia  deacribed  in  ouj  first  edition. 

«  67.  S.  CAHB'aoBNS   WiUd.  (8p.  H.,  4.   p.  667.)  u  described  in  oar  firat 

edition. 


Ji  69,  S.  ptrbnaIca  Oouan  (IlluBtr.  77.)  ia  described  in  our  fitat  edition. 
■  70.  S.  Waldbtbin»'n'.4  Wnid.  (Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  679.)  is  described  in  out 


Group  XV.     Fimmdks  Borrer. 

WiUoiBt  and  Onert.  —  Mottiy  Tmt  or  large  Skrubt,  leilh  long  pSanl  BrauAet, 
turd  fir  BaJtetMtittg.     Prin.  ap.  78.  75,  76.  and  88. 


aas 


Stamens  8  to  m  flower.  Ovary  neariy  sesnte ;  in  S.  moltfasima  Ehrh.  aessile, 
hairy  or  silky.  Style  dongated.  Stigmoa  linear,  mostly  entire.  Leaves 
lanceotele.— Plants  treea  of  more  or  leas  considerable  size,  with  long  pliant 
branches.     (Hoot.) 

JB.) 

■  78.  S.  ca'ndida  WUId.     The  whitiah  WlUow. 

TV 5m«.    Th« male  Ij dfvnlMiiDd  Bfnnd  to SaL  Wob^ 

Emtrmlntt-    Sal.  Wob.,  Kd.  tl. ;  aaifif.  UOi.  i  wnAJIg.  91.  lo  ;.  M7. 

Spec,   Char.,   tfc.     Lesves  linear-lanceolate,  very  Ions, 

obocurely  toothed ;  downy  above ;   beneath  densel}'  , 

dovny.     Stipules  lanceolate,  nearly  the  length  oT  the 

footatalks.    {Willd.)     A    ^rub.      North   America. 

Height  5ft.  to  lOlt.     Introduced  in  1811.     Flowers 

yellow  i  February  and  March. 

A  very  handsome  species,  well  deserving  a  place  in 
■hrubberiea,  both  Tor  ita  ornamental  white  teavea,  and 
very  early  flowers.  imo,  .  ^-.i*. 

*  ?  T  73.  S.  racA'if  A  SdiTtmek.     The  hoaryieavtd  Willow,  f  or  Oner. 

Vm.  D^k.  I.  p.  78D. 
TtuSlul,    Both  uiilljrunid  In  Bone  ^UM.:  tlH  mil*  li  Bfond 
\BSal.  Wiit.,wt\rnUT.  Fotlxtiui  HKlocI  thU  br  bvl  not  hm 

£n|ra*fa(>.  Sal.  Wob..  No,  90.  ^  ?  Hut  Sal.  Auttr.,  t.  W.W.:  our 
Ai.  IK\ . ;  •Bifig.  W).  In  p.  SOT. 

Spec.  Char.,  S(e.  Leaves  linear- lanceolate,  denticu- 
lated,  hoai;  on  the  under  surbce  with  hoary 
tomenlum.  Catkins  arched,  slender,  nlmost  sessile, 
subtended  at  the  base  with  small  leaves.  Capsule 
ovate-Uuieeolate,  glabrous,  atnlked ;  the  stalk  twice 
the  length  of  the  glanil.    Style  elongated.    Stigmas 


772 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


bilid.  B]ract6lis  subgllibrous,  ciliate  with  short  hairs.  (iToc^.)  A  shnib,  with 
leaves  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  those  of  S.  vioiinalis ;  while  the 
catkins,  branches,  and  mode  of  growth  are  quite  difierent.  Alps  of  France 
and  Switzerland.  Height  5  ft.  to  6  ft.  Introduced  in  1821.  Flowers 
yellow;  April. 

a  74,  S.  LINEARIS  Forbes,    The  ]mear4€aved  Willow. 

IdentiflcaHom,    Forbes  in  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  89. 

^nonffme,    ?  5.  Indlna  var.  linearis  Borrer,  {Borttr  In  a  letter.) 

ne  SejKS.    The  male  is  described  and  figured  in  £af .  IVob,     Mr.  Fortes  has 

noted  that  he  had  not  seen  catkins  of  the  female. 
Engravingt.    Sal.  Wob.,  89. ;  ova  Jig,  1462. ;  mdjlg.  89.  In  p.  807. 

S^c.  Char,,  4>c.  Leaves  linear,  villous  ;  shining  above, 
cottony  beneath  ;  margins  slightly  denticulated.  Branches 
brown.  Stipules  none.  Catkins  elliptical,  nearly  sessile. 
Bracteas  elliptical,  yellow,  as  are  also  the  anthers.  (^Sai. 
Wob.)  A  low  bushy  deciduous  shrub,  with  copious 
branches,  dark  brown  or  purplish  in  everj^  stage.  Switzer- 
land. Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1820.  Flowers 
yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A   I  75.  S,  viMiNA^Lis  L,    The  twiggy  Willow,  or  common  Osier. 

Identification,    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1448. }  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  2S&  ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 
8.  longifblia  Lam,  Fl.Fr.  2.  83S._(JE0C*.) 


wag 
14m.   &liii6kxta. 


1«6S.    S.  vtminklls. 


«  Sexet,    Both  sexes  are  figured  in  Eng.  Sot.,  SaL  Wbb.,  Ha^ue  Aibfld.^  and  Hott  StU.  Amir. 
Both  exist  in  Britain.    The  male  seems  less  robust  and  rigorous  than  the  female. 
Engravmg*.    Eng.  Bot,  t.  1898. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  188. ;  our  fy[.  14ti8. ;  tn&j^.  183.  In  p.  817. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  linear,  inclining  to  lanceolate^ 
elongated,  taper jpointed,  entire,  wavy ;  snow-white  and 
silky  beneath.  Branches  straight  and  slender.  Ovary 
sessile.  Style  as  long  as  the  linear  undivided  stigmas. 
(Smith.)  A  large  shrub  or  low  bushy  tree.  England, 
in  wet  mradows.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Flowers  ■*•' 
yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Readily  distinguished  from  the  other  spedes  of  the 
section  by  the  satiny  under  surface  of  the  leaves ;  and 
more  generally  cultivated  than  any  other  for  basketwork 
and  hoops.  A  varietv  called  the  Dutch  willow,  with 
brown  bark,  is  preferred  where  hoops  are  the  object. 

m  %  76.  S.  STiPULA^Ris  Smith,     The  sdpuled,  or   auricled-leaved.  Osier,  or 

Willow. 

IdeniMeation.  Smith  Fl.  Brit.,  p.  1068. ;  Eng.  Flora,  4.  p.  S30. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  2.,  p.  490. 
The  Sexe$.  Both  are  described  in  £itf.  ^ora,  and  both  are  figured  in  Eng.  JBot.  and  Sai.  Wob. 
Engraving*.    Eng.  BoL,  1. 1314. ;  Sm.  Wob.,  139l  ;  andjig.  13S.  in  p.  81^ 

Spec,  Char,f  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pointed,  slightly  wavy,  obscurely  crenate ; 
soft  and  nearly  naked  above,  white  and  downy  beneath.  Stipules  half- 
heart-shaped,  stalked,  very  lai^  Oland  cylindrical.  Ovary  ovate,  nearly 
sessile,  as  well  as  the  linear  undivided  stigmas.  (Smith.)  A  large  shrub 
or  low  tree.  England,  in  osier  holts,  hedges,  and  woods.  Height  10ft.  to 
20  ft.    Flowers  yellow;  March. 

Twigs  upright,  tall,  soft  and  downy,  of  a  pale  reddish  brown,  brittle,  and 
of  little  or  no  use  as  an  osier. 

«  77.  S.  Smituia^na  Willd.  (Eng.  Bot,  1. 1509. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  134.,  the 
female;  and  our^.  134'.  in  p.  817.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

It  78.  jS».  molli^ssima  Ehrh,  (Beitr.,  6.  p.  101.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  ?  ¥  79.  S.  HOLosERrcEA  Hook,  (Br.  Fl.,  ed.  2.,  p.  421.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

•  ?T  80.   S,   MicnEi^TA^NA  Forbes  r  Sal.  Wob.,  t.  135.;  and  ^.  135.  in 

p.  817.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


Lxviii.  SAhick^CEM:  sk\ix.  773 

1  81.  iSf.  FERRUGi'NEA  Anderson  (Sal.  Wob.,   No.  128.;    Eng.  Bot.  SuppL, 
t.  2665. ;  and  our^.  128.  in  p.  815.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Y  82.  S,  ACUMiNA^TA  Smith.    The  acuroiDated-^im/,  or  large4eavedy  Sallow, 

or  Willow. 

Idmt^leatkm.    Smith  Fl.  Brit,  p.  1068.,  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  SS7. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  S.,  p.  481. 
Amoiqrmtf.    S.  lance<^ilta  Seringe. 

Tike  Sejtes.    The  female  is  described  in  Eng.  FL,  and  flgared  in  Ew.  Jka.  and  in  StU.  Wob. 
EmgrMfing*,    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1484. ;  Sal.  YHib.,  No.  181. ;  our  Jig.  1464.  in  p.  774. ;  and>^.  181.  In 
p.  616. 

Spec,  Char.,  S^c.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  pointed,  wavy,  finely 
toothed,  glaucous  and  downy  beneath.  Stipules  hdf-ovate,  then  kidney- 
shaped.  Catkins  cylindrical.  Ovary  stalked,  ovate,  hairy.  Style  as  Ions 
as  tne  undivided  stigmas.  {Smith,)  A  large  shrub  or  low  tree.  England^ 
in  wet  grounds.     I&ight  25  ft.  to  30  ft.    Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

A  very  distinct  sallow,  soon  recognised  to'  be  different  from  iS^.  macrostipu. 
l^cea  by  its  downy  germen,  and  much  larger  leaves. 

Group  xvL     Cinerea  Borrer. 

SaUowi,  —  Treei  and  Shrvbiy  unih  roundish  shaggy  Leaves,  and  ihick  Calkins, 

Prin.  sp.  90.  and  97. 


WiW 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  tomentose  with  silky  tomentum.  Leaves 
mostly  obovate,  toothed,  grev  or  hoary,  more  or  less  wrinkled  ;  very  veiny 
beneath ;  stipuled  branches  downy.  —  Plants  trees  or  shrubs.  The  group 
includes  the  kinds  of  willow  that  are  usually  called  the  sallows.  (Hook,) 
The  sallows  are  known  by  their  obovate  or  rounded  downy  leaves,  and 
thick,  early,  silken  catkins,  with  prominent,  yellow,  distinct  stamens,  2  to 
a  flower.  (Smith  Eng,  FL,  iv.  p.  216.)  Not  a  few  of  the  group  Nigridintes 
Borrer  also  have  been  regarded  as  sallows.  Mr.  Borrer,  however,  states 
that  he  is  unacquainted  with  many  of  the  species,  or  supposed  species,  of 
this  group,  and  of  the  group  Nigricantes ;  and  it  is  hignly  probable  that 
many  of  them  are  placed  wrongly.     (Borrer  in  a  letter.) 

A  83.  iS^.  pa'llida  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  Ko.  96. ;  and  Jig,  96.  m  p.  80a)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  84.  S,  WiVLDRSOY TA'NA  Forbcs   (Sal.  Wob.,  Ko.  41.;  and  Jig,  41.  in 

p.  801.)  is  described  m  our  first  edition. 

A  85.  iS*.  PoNTEDBRAVii  Willd.     Pontedcra's  Willow. 

JdaU0eatiom.    WUld.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  661. ;  Smith  In  Beet's  Cydo.,  No.  18. :  Koch  Comm.,  pi  M. 
^n^ongmet.    S.  pumlla  alplnaAnigiicans,  folio  oleagino  serrato^  Pomted.  Comp.  148,  149. ;  5.  Pon> 

tedte<r  BeUardl  App.  ad  Tl.  Ped.  46. 
Tlu  Sfxa.    The  male  Is  noticed  in  Koch's  spedfie  character ;  the  female  Is  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 
EngroHmgt.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  48. }  aoxftg,  1465i  in  p.  775. ;  and^.  48.  In  p.  801. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  serrated,  acute,  glabrous;  glaucous  beneath, 
and  obtuse  at  their  base  ;  the  midrib,  footstalks,  and  voung  leaves  hairy. 
Ovary  oblong  and  downy.  (Sal,  Wob,)  A  shrub  or  low  tree.  Switzer- 
hind.    Height  12  ft.  to  13  ft.     Introduced  1821.    Flowers  yellow ;  April. 

It  86.  S,  UACBOSTiPULA^CBA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  130.;  and  Jig,  130.  in 

p.  815.)  is  describra  in  our  first  edition. 

A  'i  87.  S,  incanb'scens  ?  Schl.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  120. ;  and  Jig,  120.  in 

p.  813.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  t  88.  iSr.  PANNo'sA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  1. 123. ;  and  Jig,  123.  in  p.  814.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 
3d  3 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH. 


LXVIIl.    ^ALICA^Ci 


ARBORETUM    1 


i  89.  S.  muta'bilis  Forbet  ( 


'    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMCUM. 


trot.    iHfl  malt  u  OfUTHl  in  ^tig»M 

..  no.  i».iour;tr.  1*6.1  •«<  ^J 
wer  leaves  entire  ;  upper     At  U 


t  90.  S.  cinb'bea  L.     The  grey  Sailoiv,  or  ash-coloured 

waiow. 

Ucntffatim.     Ma.  Sp.  PI..  IM».  i  &ig.  Fl.,  4.  p.  91s.  i  Hook.  Br.  F1., 
Sm^mnfK,    a.  e1n^rca*v.  KotM  Comm.o.  i 
nc  &MJ.    BuUi  Hiu  ■»  figiind  In  SoJ.  f 

£••«.  Art. 
Ewrarft^i.     EuK.  Bot,  l.im.  I  Sll,  W 

jft,  1».  Id  p.  »H. 

^ec.  Char.,  S^c.     Stem  erect.    Lower  1< 

serrated,  oborate-Ianeeolate ;  glaucous,  downy,  and  : 
ciliated  with  v^ns  beneath.  Btipulea  half- heart-shaped, 
■errated.  Orary  silky  ;  its  stalk  half  as  long  as  the 
lanceolate  bracteas.  {sButh.)  A  shrub  or  middle-sized 
tree.  En^aod,  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  and  in  moist 
woods.  Heisht  20  ft.  to  30  fl.  Flowers  yellow ;  April, 
and  again  in  September. 

i  91.  S.  aqua'tica  SmA   (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1437.  ;  Sal.  Wob^  No.  1ST.  ;  and 

OUT  M-  l^'^-  ■"  P-  ^'^0  "  ilescribed  in  our  first  edition. 
1  92.  S.  Olbito'lia  Smiih    (Eiu.  Bot.,  t.  140S. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No,  126.  ;  and 

Jig.  126.  in  p.  814.)  is  described  in  our  firrt  edition. 

t  93.  S.  «bhinaTa   Forbci    (Sal.  Wob.,  No,  IBB. ;  imd  j^.  189,  in  p.  815.) 

is  descnbed  in  our  first  edition. 

■  94.  &  CBi'spA  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  42. ;   and  J%.42.  in    p.  801.)  u 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

■  95.  S,  avri'ta  L.     (Eng.  Bot„   t.  1487.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  124. ;  and  our 

^.  184.  in  p.  814.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  96.  5.  LATiro'UA  Forhe*  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  118.;  tadfig.  118.  in  p.813.> 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

X  97.  S.  ca'fbua  L.    The  Goat  Willow, 

UmHlkaUam.    Lin.  Sp.  PI,  KM.  i  Bu. 
Fl.,  4.  p.  ns-i  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  bL  t. 


Lxviii.  SALicjCcex :  5'a'lix.  777 

TV  SfAi.     Both  mei  us  Bgani  Id  So:,  iroi.,  ind  DMh  In  H-mr  AtAIU. 

ourjrjTlfffr..  Ihjm  tlio  Sai.  IVo6.  1  mnifif.  t46&  reprHfntiag  tfa«  du1b»  UilJlr-  LK9- ttM  teniAlv! 
boUl  from  Hwt'i  Sal.  A<ul.,l.  OS, ST.  ;  anilj^.  IK.  In  p.  R14. 

5pef.  Char.,  Sfc.  Stem  erect.  Leaves  roundish-oTUe,  pointed,  iieiTftted, 
waved  ;  pole  and  down;  beneath.  Stipulea  Eoaewhat  crescent-^aped. 
Catkins  oval.  Orarj  stalked,  ovale,  silky.  Stigmas  nearly  sessile,  and 
undivided.  Ctvisules  swelling.  (AniU.)  A  moderatC'sized  tree,  with 
spreading,  round,  brown  or  piuptiBh  branches,  minutely  downy  when  younr. 
Britain,  in  woods  and  dry  paBtures,  common.  H^^t  15  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Flowers  yellow,  very  showy  j  April  and  May. 
Leftves     larger     and 

brosrder     than    in     any 

other  of  the  genus  ;  o( 

a  deep  green  above,  with 

a  (lownv  nb  ;   white  uii' 

demeatn,  or  rather  glau- 
cous, and  veiny,  densely 

clothed  with  soft,  white, 

cottony  down;  generally 

broadly  ovBt«,  i^proach- 

iog  to   orbicular,    with 

a  ebarp   point ;    so 

times     moro    elliptical  i 

either  rounded  or  ili^tly 

heart-shaped  M  the  base;  a 

varying  in  lei^th   from 

2  in.  to  3  in.  I  the  margin 

wavy,  and  more  or  less 

strongly  serrated.  Foot- 
stalks stout,  downy.  Cat- 
kins   numerous,    much 

earlier  than  the  foliase, 

and  almost  testile.  This 

tree.  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker 

observes,  "  distincuishea 

itself,  m  the  spni^  bv 

being  loaded  with  hanif- 

some  yellow   blossoms   bdbre  any  of  its   leaves   appear.      The  flowering 

branches  of  this  species  arc  called  jmlm^  and  are  gathered  by  children  on 

Easter  Sunday  j  tne  relics  of  the  Catbohc  ceremony  formerly  performed  in 

commemoration  of  the  entry  of  our  Saviour  into  Jerusalem. 

•  99.  S.  sphacblaVa  Smih  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  8333. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  181,; 
tuid,fl^.  121.  in  p.  B13.)  is  described  in  our  Brst  edition. 

Group  xvil     Niffric&vtes  Borrer. 


as 


A  group  as  difficult  to  define  as  are  the  kinds  of  which  it  is  constituted. 
Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovary  stalked,  glabrous  or  silky.  Stvle  more  or 
\esa  S-cleft,  In  leaves,  many  of  this  kind  approach  those  of  the  group 
Cin^rex  very  nearly,  having  ovate  or  obovate  ones  i  but  the  Icavea  are  leas 
wrinkled. — Plants  shrubs  with  bog  branches,  or  smalt  trees,  (tlook.)   The 


778  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

term  Nigric&ntefl  has  been  applied  to  this  group,  not,  as  it  has  been  sup- 
posed, in  allusion  to  the  leaves  of  the  kinds  of  which  it  is  constituted 
turning  black  in  drjing,  but  to  mark  their  affinity  to  S,  nigricans  SmiiAy  a 
well-known  individual  of  their  number. 

•    99.  S,  aubtra'lis  Forbei  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  103. ;    and  our  JSg.  103.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  100.  S.  vAUDE^NSis  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.   117.;   and  our^.  117.  in 

p.  812.)  is  dacribed  in  our  first  edition. 

m  101.  S.  GRisoPHY^LLA  Forbei  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  119.  ;  and  our  ^^.   119. 

in  p.  813.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  102.  S,  LACU^STRis    FoT^f  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  116.  ;  and  our  Jig,  116.  in 

p.  812.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  103.  S,  CRASSiFO^LiA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  115.  ;  and  our^.  115.   in 

p.  812.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  104.  S.  c?OTiNiFo'LiA  Smith,    The  Cotinus,  or  Quince,  leaved  SaUow^ 

or  Willow. 

JdaMkatkm.    Smfth  FL  Br.,  p.  1066. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  n.  220.  \  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8.,  p.  4Sa 
SgrnoSSma.    S,  ipadkm  nxiarv'«  Dampk.  1777.;  S.  pkylidfblia  tw.  Km* 

Camm.  p.  42. 
T%e  8eMe§.    The  Cemato  \m  described  in  Bng.  A,  and  figured  in  Bng,  J9M., 

and  8aL  Wob, 
BngravHigi.    Eng.  Bot,  1 140& ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  114.;  oor;^.  1470.  j, and 
IMTIii 


114.1n  p.  812. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Stem  erect.  Branches  spreading,  downy. 
Leaves  broadly  elliptical,  nearly  ori>icular,  slightly 
toothed,  glaucous  and  downy,  with  rectan^lar  veins 
beneath.  Style  as  long  as  the  linear  notched  stigmas. 
(Smih  Eng,  FL)  An  upright  shrub,  with  straight, 
round,  brown,  downy,  monerately  spreading  branches. 
Britain,  in  woods,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Height 
2  ft.  to  8  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;  May.  uin, 

m  S  105.  S,  Hi^RTA  Smith,     The  hairy-^rancA^  Sallow,  or  Willow. 

IdentOUaUom.    Smith  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1404. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  221. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 

Svnoi^nme.    8,  ptfcU  ScMeieker  la  the  female  of  S.  hlrta.  ( Forbn  in  Sal.  Wob*) 

The  Sena,    The  m^e  U  detcrlbed  in  Eng.  FL,  and  figured  in  Eng  SoL  and  Sai.  Wob.     The  female 

is  detcrlbed  in  Sai.  Wob.,  and  Hook.  Br.  A,  ed.  2. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1404. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  US. ;  and  oury^.  IIS.  In  p.  811. 

Spec,  Char,,  Sfc,  Stem  erect.  Branches  densely  haiir.  Leaves  eliiptic-heart- 
shaped,  pointed,  finely  crenate,  downy  on  both  sides.  Stipules  half-heart- 
shi^ed,  flat,  toothed,  nearly  glabrous.  (Swnth.)  A  small  tree,  remarkable 
for  Its  thick,  round,  hoary  branches,  clothed  very  densely  with  prominent, 
close,  horizontal,  soft,  cottony  hairs.  Britain,  in  woods  and  on  the  banks  of 
rivers.    Height  10  ft.  to  15  n.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

A   106.  i9.  RivuLA^Ris  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  102.;  and  our  ^.  102.  m 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition, 

t  107.  S,  ATROPURPU^REA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,   No.  156.)  is  described  in 

our  first  edition. 

m  108.  S,  coria'cea  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob.,  No.   112.;   and  our  ^.112.   in 

p.  811.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  109.  S,  ni'gricans  Smith.    The  dark  broad4eaved  Willow. 

Jdentifteatum.    SmiUi  Eng.  Bot.,  1. 1218. ;  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  172. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  S. 

Svnonyme.    S.  phylidOUSA  6  Lin.  Sp.  PI.  IAA% 

TV  Sexet.    Smith  baa  detcrlbed  both  sexei  fai  Eng.  Fl. ;  the  fcmale  from  Lapland  fpedmeDa :  the 

male  ii  figured  In  Eng.  BoL  and  SaL  Wob.    The  5.  nigr6«cens  Schl.^  lemiZLe,  l«  figured  In  5a/. 

Wob.,  ai  the  female  of  5.  nigricans  Smith,    It  doet  not  appear  that  the  flowers  of  the  female  hare 

been  found  wild  In  Britain.  {Hook.  Br.  Ft,  ed.  2.) 
Engravings.    Lin.  FL  Lapp^  t.  &  C  c. ;  Bng.  Bot.,  t.  121S. ;  and  our/g.  87.  In  pu  799. 

Spec,  Char,,  j-c.    Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute,  crenate  ;  glabrous,  with  a 


1 


LXVIII.    £^ALICA^CE^:    ^A^LIX.  779 

downy  rib,  above ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stamens  2,  thrice  the  length  of  the 
hairy  bractea.  Ovary  lanceolate,  downy,  on  a  short  downy  stalk.  (Smith.) 
A  large  bushy  shrub,  scarcely  attaining  the  height  or  form  of  a  tree,  with 
upright,  round,  stout,  rather  brittle  branches,  glabrous,  except  when  young. 
Britain,  in  fens,  osier  |;round8,  woods,  and  thiq^ets.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  Apnl. 

110.  S.  Anvevlsosia^na  Smith.  Anderson's  Willow,  or  the  Green  Mountain 


Uemiifieation.    Smith  Eng.  Bot.,  2S43 :  Bng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  998. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  od.  8. 
SpKwywig.    &  phvllcUbUa  var.  Koch  Comm. 

Tkt  Saea,    The  female  ii  described  hi  Bng.  Fl.,  and  figured  in  Eng.  BoL  and  bi  Sol,  Wob. 
Engrtningt.    E&g.  BoL,  t.  9848. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  109. ;  and  oar  Jig.  109.  In  p.  811. 

Spec,  Char^y  ^c.  Stem  upright.  Leaves  elliptical,  acute,  finely  notched, 
slightlv  downy,  paler  beneath.  Stipules  half-ovate,  nearly  glabrous. 
Brancnes  minutely  downy.  Ovary  glabrous ;  its  stalks  almost  equal  to 
the  bractea.  Style  cloven,  longer  than  the  cloven  stigmas.  (SmOh^  An 
upricht  bushy  shrub.  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains ;  and 
England,  on  the  banks  of  the  Tyne  below  Newcastle.  He^ht  6  ft.  to  12ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

A  111.  S,  DAMASCE>fA  Forbet,    The  'Dam8on4eaved  Willow,  or  Sallow, 

Jdent&tcaHim.    Forbes  In  SaL  Wob.,  No.  157- ;  Eng.  Bot  Suppl.,  t.  9709. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8. 
8gnongme».    8.  dunascenif^Ua  Anderson  MSS.  t  S.  jvbyllcirblia  Lin. 

Xllie  8e3te$.    The  female  is  described  in  Sal.  Wob.^  and  described  In  Eng.  Boi.  SuppL    **  Mr.  Ander- 
son possessed  both  sexes,  but  we  have  seen  the  female  only.**  iBorrer.) 
Engraving.    Eng.  Bot.  SnppL,  t.  9709. 

j^r.  Char.,  S^c.  Upright.  Young  shoots  densely  hairy.  Leaves  ovate,  or 
rhomboidal,  bluntly  toothed ;  silky  when  voung ;  at  length  nearly  glabrous  ; 
ffreen  on  both  surfaces.  Stipules  half-heart-shaped.  Catkins,  with  the 
flowers  in  blossom,  loneer  tnan  the  floral  leaves.  Bracteas  (scales)  ob- 
ovate.  Ovary  stalked,  ^abrous.  Style  divided,  longer  than  the  diverging 
stigmas.  (Borrer.)  An  upright  bushy  shrub,  nearly  allied  to  S.  Ander- 
sonuifui.  Scotland,  on  the  borders  of  England.  Height  6  ft.  to  12ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April. 

m  112.  S.  Ansov lA'^NA  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  107. ;  and  our  ^.  107.  in 

p.  810.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  113.    S.  HELTE'TiCA  Forbct  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  159.)   is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

m  114.  S.  Fi^RMA  Forhes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  106.;  and  our  Jig.  106.  in  p.  810.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  115.  S.  carpinifo'lia  Schl.   (Forbes  m  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  155.)  is  described 

in  our  first  edition, 

mt  116.  S.  ROTUNDA^ A  Forbet.     The  round^nierd  Willow,  or  Sallow, 

IdentiflaUkm.    Sal.  Wob.,  Na  lOi. 

Synon^fme.    ?  8.  rotmidiAUa  HotL 

The  8ewe$.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  figured  to  5a/.  Wob. 

Engraoingt*   Sal.  Wob.,  No.  lOi. ;  aurjlg.  1471.,  p.  780. ;  and;^.  104.  in  p.  809. 

Spec.  Char.,  S^c,  Leaves  orbicular,  bluntly  serrated;  elabrous  and  shining 
above ;  glaucous,  reticulated,  and  slightly  hairy  beneatn.  Stipules  rounded, 
serrated,  glandular.  Ovary  awl-shaped,  elabrous,  stalked.  Style  twice 
the  length  of  the  parted  stigmas.  {Sal,  wA,)  An  upright-growing  shrub 
or  low  tree.  Switzerland.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced  in  1824. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  Bfay. 

t  117.  S.  DU'BA  Forbei  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  105.;  and  our  Jig.  105.  in  p.  810.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

^t  118.  jS^.  FoRSTEB/i4''liri4  Smith.     The  glaucout  Mountain  Sallow,  or 

Forster's  Willow. 

Identification.    Smith  Eng.  Fl.,  2.  p.  224. ;  Forbes  to  Sal.  Wob.,  Na  110. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3. 
p.  431. 


i 


Sallow,  ^ 


780  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


LXVIII.   MLICA^caSJB  :   SA^htX. 


781 


^mami^me.    5.  pbjUdfi^Ua  var.  Xoolb  Comm.  p.  41. 

TTbr  Ser«f.    The  female  ii  deaciibecl  in  Eng.  Fl.,  and  figured  in  Bng,  Bot.  where  the  style  la  repre- 

MDted  too  short  {Smitk  Eng.  iFt ) ;  and  to  SaL  IVob. 
Emgravingt.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.  2M4. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  110. ;  and  omj^.  110.  in  p.  811. 

Spec.  Char^y  Spc,  Stem  erect.  Branches  minutely  downv.  Leaves  elliptic- 
obovate,  acute,  creoate,  slightly  downy,  glaucous  beneatn.  Stipules  vaulted. 
Ovary  stalked,  awl-shaped,  silky.  Style  as  long  as  the  blunt  notched  stig- 
mas. {Smith,)  A  tali  shrub  or  low  tree,  with  finely  downy  branches. 
Britain,  in  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft* 
Flowers  yellow  ;  May. 

jk  119.  S,  RUPB^STRis  Doim.    The  tUky  Rock  Willow,  or  Sallow, 

IdentfficaiHm.    Donn  Hort  Cant.,  ed.  5.,  p.  881.  {Smith) ;  Ena.  Fl.,  4.  p.  S2S. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8. 
The  Se*e*.    Both  lexes  are  described  in  Eng.  FL,  sod  figured  In  Eng.  Bot.^  and  in  Sai.  fVob. 
EngrmingM.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.  8343. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  111. ;  and  oar>^.  111.  in  p.  811. 

Spec,  Char.y  S^c.  Stem  trailing.  Leaves  obovate,  acute,  serrated,  flat,  even, 
silkv  on  both  sides.  Stipules  hairy.  Branches  minutely  downy.  Ovary 
stalked,  awl-shaped,  silky.  Style  as  long  as  the  blunt  undivided  stigmas. 
(Smith,)  A  trailing  shrub,  with  dark-coloured  branches,  covered  with  very 
fine  down  when  young.  Scotland,  in  woods,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers. 
Height  1ft.  to  2  ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  ApriL 

A  perfectly  distinct  kind.     The  branches  are  tough,  and  suitable  for  tying 
and  basketwork. 

m  120.  S,  TENUiFot.iA  L.    The  thin-leaved  Willow. 

IdeniifieaHom.  lAa.  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  8.,  898.  t.  8.  £  c. ;  Eng.  FL,  4.  p.  179. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  8. ; 
Borr.  in  Eng.  Bot.  Supp.,  t  8795. 

Synonmnei.  S.  arb6scula  WahUnb.  var.  Koch  Comm.  p.  4A.  **  If  Koch  had  known  8.  tenuif5IIa 
SmUk  Fl.  Br.  tn  the  living  plant,  I  think  he  would  have  referred  it  to  his  own  S.  phylicifbUa.*' 
iBorrtr  in  a  letter.)   S.  tenuifolla  of  Eng.  Boi.  t.  818&  is  S.  Ucolor  Hook.  Br.  Fl. 

The  Setes.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  Sam.;  and  figured  in  SaL  Web. 

Engra9ing$.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  fiO. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  3795. ;  and  our  >^.  50.  in  p.  803. 


Spec,  Char.y  8fc,  Upright.  Young  shoots  and  petioles  densely  pubescent. 
Disks  of  leaves  elliptical  or  oblong,  flat,  with  a  recurved  pomt,  crenate, 
reticulated  with  sunken  veins,  slightly  hairy  ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules 
half-heart*shaped.  Catkins  on  a  short  stalk  that  bears  small  leaves.  Brac- 
tea  oblong,  shaggy.  Ovary  glabrous,  on  a  glabrous  stalk.  Style  as  long  as 
the  stigmas.  A  much-branched  spreading  shrub.  England,  above  the 
bridge  at  Kirby  Lonsdale.   Height  10ft.  to  12ft.    Stamens  yellow  ;  May. 

A  S  121.  S,  propi'nqua  Borr.  The  nearlv  related,  or  JUd4eaned^  upright. 

Mountain  Willow. 

IdetUifieaiion.  Borr.  In  Eng.  Bot  SuppL,  t.  8789. ;  Hook. 
Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8. 

Tke  Sete$.  The  female  is  described  in  the  Specific  Cha- 
racter ;  and  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  BoL  Sml. 

Bngraoingt.    Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  8789. ;  and  out>^.  1478. 

Spec,  Char,,  Spc,  Upright.  Young  shoots 
pubescent  with  minute  down.  Leaves  ellip- 
tical, obscurely  crenate,  nearly  flat,  nearly 
glabrous  on  both  surfaces ;  veins  slightly 
sunken ;  under  surface  pale  green.  Stipules 
small,  vaulted,  glanded.  Ovary  stalked, 
silky  towards  the  point.  Style  longer  than 
the  notched  stigmas.  (Borrer.)  An  upright 
shrub.  Britain.  Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.  Flowers 
yellow;  May.  im.  s.p«,pfhqn.. 

•  122.  S,  petrjk'a  Anders.     The  Rock  Sallow,  or  Willow. 

Jdent\fleation.    First  distinguished  by  Mr.  G.  Anderson.    Boner  in  Eng.  Bot.  SuppL.  t.  8785. : 

Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3. 
Tke  Stset.    The  female  Is  described  and  figiireil  In  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  and  in  Sal.  H'ob. 
Engravfngt.    Sal.  Wob.,  No.  97. ;  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  8725. ;  and  our>^.  97.  in  p.  808. 

Spec,  Char.y  S^c.     Upright.     Young  shoots  densely  hairy.     Leaves  oblong. 


782 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUH  BRITANNICUM. 


serrated,  carinate,  twisted,  reticulated  wtdi  deeply  sunken  veins ;  benestfa, 
hairy,  glaucous,  at  length  pale  green.  Stipules  large,  hal^eart-ahaped, 
flattish,  having  few  glands.  Ovary  stalked,  naked,  wrinkled  towards  the 
point.  Style  divided,  longer  than  the  cloven  stigmas  {Borr.}  An  upright 
shrub.  Scotland,  on  the  Breadalbane  Mountains.  Height  10  ft.  to  15ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  May. 

S,  petrse'ft  is  nearly  allied  to  S,  hfrta  SmUh  Eng,  Bat,  1. 1404. ;  and  still 
more  nearly,  perhaps,  to  S,  styl^ris  of  Seringe  Mow^,  de$  Saulet  de  la  Suuae, 
p.  62. 

t  123.  S,  Amuavvia'^na  ^lld.  (Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  663.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

A  124.  S.  ATRovi^RBNs  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  108. ;  and  our^.  108.  in 

p.  610.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  125.  S.  STRR^PIDA  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  100. ;    and  our  J!g.  100.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  126.  S,  so^RDiDA  Forbes   (Sal.  Wob^  No.  101. ;    and  our  Jig,  101.  in 

p.  809.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

m  127.  S,  ScHLBiCHER/ii'if^  Forbes  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  98. ;  and  our  JSg,  98. 

in  p.  808.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

A  128.  S,  grisonb'nsis  Forbet  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  99. ;  and  our  ^.99.    in 

p.  808.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  xviii.     Bicolbres  Borrer* 

Buthtf  Shrubtf  wUh  Leavet  dark  green  above,  and  glaucout  benea^     Prin. 

sp.  131.  133,  134.  and  142. 


□3 


Stamens  2  to  a  flower.  Ovaries  silky.  Leaves  between  obovate  and  lanceo- 
late, glabrous,  or  nearly  so ;  dark  green  on  the  upper  surfiice,  very  glaucous 
on  the  under  one.  —  rlants  twiggy  bushes.     (Hoo^.) 

m  129.  S.  TENU^ioR  Borrer  (£ng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  2650.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

m  130.  S.  LAXiFLO^A  Borr.    The  loose- 
catkined  Willow, 

Identifleaiion.  Borr.  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t  S749. ;  Hook. 

Br.  Fl.,  od.  8. 
TTke  Sexes.    The  female  U  described  and  figured  In  Eng- 

Bot.  St^fpL    The  male  plant  Is  not  known. 
Engraving.    Eng.  Bot.  Sup.,  t  8749. ;  and  our /Eg.  1473. 

Spec,  Char.f  ^c*  Upright.  Young  shoots 
slightly  pubescent.  Leaves  g^rous,  flat, 
broadly  obovate,  narrower  to  the  base, 
slightly  toothed,  glaucescent  beneath ; 
upper  leaves  acute.  Stipules  small,  con- 
cave. Flowers  loosely  disposed  in  the 
catkin.  Ovary  stalked,  bluntish,  glabrous 
in  the  lower  part.  Style  as  long  as  the 
linear  divided  stigmas.  (Borrer,^  A  low, 
bushy,  deciduous  tree,  or  tree-like  shrub. 
Britain,  in  various  places,  both  in  England 
and  Scotland.  Height  12ft.  to  20  ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May.  ,^75.  s.uaiii*w. 


LXVIII.    SALtCACKS:    SAUX.  763 

J  131.  S.  LAv'MHk  Smith.     The  JMtnl-teaeed,  or  MmKg  dark-green,  VfSXow, 

IdtnlifiaMon.    Smilh  Ua.  goc.  Tniu^  S.  |l.  119.;  Hwk.  Br.  Fl.,  (d.  !..  p.  Ul. 

^oowaa.    S.  Mentor  SmWi  Eni.  Bal.  I.  ism. ;  S.  irbOKuli  WiiVtub.  TUT.  Xget  Comm.  p. «. 

Ik!  sciri.     Tho  fimmls  Ii  detcilbsd  In  Eng.  Fl..  ud  Briml  Id  fog, 

Eigr'arM.    Bug.  BM.,  I.  IMS.  i  Sil.  Wob,  t.  M.  i  oar  Jig.  lat.  I 

J^Dfc.  doT,,  ^.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  acute,  waved, 
and  Blightly  gemted,  nearly  glabrous ;  glaucous 
beneath.  Footatalks  dilated  at  the  base.  Stipules 
pointed,  serrated.  Bracteaa  obtuse,  hair;,  and  half 
as  long  as  the  densely  downy,  ovate,  long-stalked 
ovary.  (SmilA.)  A  shrub  or  small  tree.  Britain,  in 
various  parts ;  growing  plencirully  in  woods  and 
thickets.     Height  efL  to   18ft.     Flowers  yellow  j  „„.  ,.^4*.. 

March  and  April. 

a  ^.39.  in  p.  BOO.) 
ing-ii-oncierf  Willow. 


Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  with  wavy  serratures,  very  glabrous  ; 
glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  glandular  on  the  inside.  Ovary  lanceolate, 
BlaQced,  silky.  Style  twice  the  length  of  the  stigmas.  Branches  trailing, 
( Antd.)  A  low,  spreading,  glabrous  bush,  whose  long,  recumbent,  brown  or 
purplish  brandies  take  root  as  the^  extend  in  every  du«ction.  Scotland,  on 
the  Breadalbane  Mountains.     Height  1  ft.  to  8  f^    Flowers  yellow  ;  Hay, 

•  134.  ,9.  Bovl^kaWtia  Smith.     Borrer's,  or  the  dark  t^righl,  WiUow. 
Umlfllaticm.  Smtth  Eag.  Fl,,  *.  p.  ITt. ;  Eng.  BM.  Suppl..  t.  MIS.  ; 


Btigrari*f.     SiL  Wob..  No,  U.  i  Eng.  Bot.  Soppl.,  t.  MIS.  [  our 

Spec,  Char.,  fc.  Brancbes  erect.  Leavea  lanceolate, 
serrated  wiih  shallow  nearly  even  serrBtures,  Tery 
glabrous ;  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  lanceolate, 
small.  Bracteas  (scales)  acute,  shaggy.  (Smilk.)  A 
much-branched  shrub,  decumbent  at  the  base  only. 
Scotland,  in  Highland  mountain  valleys.  Height 
0  ft.  to  10  ft.      Flowers  yellow  ;  April.  itrt.  a.  B«.u-. 

■  135.  >^.  BAVkLUA'KJ    Smith  (£ng.   Bot.    Suppl.,   t.  STOl.i    Sal.   Wob., 

No.  47.;  and  ourj^.  47.  in  p.  803.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

•  136.  S.  tb'trapla  SmiM  (Eng.  BoL  Suppl.,  t.8702.  ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.49.( 

and  our^.  49.  in  p.  80S.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 


•  138.  S.  ForbbsmVj.     Forbes's  Willow  (Sal.  Wob.,    No.  61.;  and  onr 
^g.  51.  in  p.  B03,)  is  described  in  our  first  edition, 
a  139.  S.  Weioklm'w.*  Borr.    Weigcl's  Willow. 

/dtuf/leaUim.    Borr.  In  Bag.  Bot.  Supptfi,'.  ^S"'- 1  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  «d.  I.,  p.  iW. 

Sytnirnu.    S.  V/alfaOma  Smith  Eng.  Ft.  4.  p.  IK,  .        ,   .  ™ 

Ac  Sm.     Both  ua  Sturdl  In  £■(.  But.  3^1^.  i  Uu  bwIc  In  SaL  Ff  a».,  u  that  ot  «.  Wnl. 

Bwfmn^.    Bof.  Bo(,  airppl.,t.*S««.  iourjtg,  HTB,,md/*.«.lnp.  am. 


1476.    a.Wti- 


784  ARBORETUM   £T   FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 

S^.  Char^  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical,  rfaomboidal,  or  almost  round, 
with  a  flhort  point,  obsoletely  crenate;  glabrous  on  both  sides, 
glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  small.  Catkins  on  short  stalks. 
Floral  leaves  small.  Bracteas  (scales)  oblong,  hairy,  longer  than 
the  hairv  stalk  of  the  ovary.  Style  longer  than  the  stigmas. 
(Borrer.)  An  upright  shrub.  Bntain.  Height  10  ft.  to  12ft. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May, 

A  desirable  species  for  small  collections,  on  account  of  its 
roundish  foliage. 

A  140.  S,  ni'tens  Anders.    The  glittering4(fat)«f  Willow. 

Jdeniifiealiom.    Anders.  MS. ;  SmIUi  Eng.  Fl.,  4.  a  175. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  3.,  pi  436. 
TAfSerM.    Both  »eixe%  axe  dUcrlhed  vad  figared  In  Eng.  SoL  SuppL 
Engrawh^.    Bng.  Bot.  SuppL,  t.  8655. ;  SaL  Wob.,  No.  44.  ;  Jig,  1477. ;  and 
fy[.  44.  m  p.  801. 

Spec,  Char.y  ^c.  Leaves  ovate  or  elliptical,  acute,  slightly 
serrated ;  nearly  glabrous  above,  with  sunk  veins ;  glabrous 
and  glaucous  beneath.  Stipules  small.  Catkins  on  short 
stalks.  Floral  leaves  small.  Bracteas  (scales)  oblone, 
hairy,  longer  than  the  hairy  stalks  of  the  ovarv.  Style 
longer  than  the  stigmas.  (Borr.)  An  uprigtit  shrub, 
nearly  allied  to  S,  Weigeltona,  and  more  nearly  to  S. 
Croweona.  England,  in  Teesdale.  Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft. 
Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May* 

A  141.  S.  Crowea^NA  Smith.     Crowe's  Willow. 

Jdentifieatiom,    Smith  Bng.  Bot.,  t.  lUa  ;  Bng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  193. ;  Hook.  Br.,  ed.  8. 

ajgnaiumes.    S.  arbtUcuU  IVaMUt^.  var.  Koek  Comm.  p.  45. ;  5.  hamiUf  Scki.  ii  died  In  SaL  Wob. 

ai  the  female  of  S.  Crowedsa  Smith }  ?  5.  heteroph^lla  Hott. 
T^  Sexes.    Both  lexet  are  deecribed  in  Eng.  Boi.,  and  figured  in  SaL  Wob.    Mr.  Borrer  deems  the 

caee  of  the  combination  of  the  filaments  to  be  one  monstrous  in  the  spedes,  rather  than  innate 

and  duuracteristlc. 
Emgravbigs.    Bng.  Bot,  t.  U4S. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  Na  63. ;  and  our  Jig.  53.  in.  p.  80S. 

Spec,  Char.f  ^c.  Filaments  combined  below.  Leaves  elliptical,  slightly  ser- 
rated, quite  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath.  (SnM.)  A  bushy  shrub,  with 
many  stout,  irregularlv  spreading,  glabrous,  leafy,  brittle,  brownish  yellow 
branches.  England,  m  swampy  meadows  and  thickets.  Hdght  5  ft.  to 
10ft,    Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

This  Skiix,  when  covered  with  male  blossoms,  is  amongst  the  most  hand- 
some of  the  genus;  nor  are  the  leaves  destitute  of  beauty. 

m  142.  S.  Bi'coLOB  E/trh.    The  two-coloured  Willow. 

TJeniifleaUon.    Bhrh.  Arb..  118.;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  od.  3.,  p.  4X7. ;  ?  Havne  AbUld.,  p.  838. 

Summi/me*.    S.  tenaiftriia  Smilh  Eng.  BoL^  t.  3186..  as  to  the  figure ;  s.  fioribtinda  Pbrbes. 

ne  Sexes.    The  male  is  described  in  SaL  Wob.,  and  figured  in  Eiui.  Bot.  and  SaL  Wob.  i  some 

notice  of  what  Mr.  Borrer  deems  the  female  is  given  in  Hook.  Br.  Ft.,  ed.  3. 
Engravings.    Bng.  Bot.,  L  8186. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  M. ;  and  oorjig,  M.  in  p.  809L 

Spec,  Char,f  ^c.  Leaves  elliptical ;  green  and  shining  above,  glabrous  and 
glaucous  beneath ;  serrated,  ending  in  obli(jue  points.  Stipules  crescent- 
shaped,  serrated.  Catkins  of  the  male  copious,  bright  yellow.  Filaments 
sligtitly  bearded  at  the  base.  (Sal.  Wob.)  A  bushy  spreading  shrub,  with 
short  yellow  branches,  slightly  villous  when  3'oung ;  the  older  ones  rather 
a  yellowish  ^reen,  quite  glabrous.  Britain.  Height  6  ft.  to  8  ft.  Flowers 
yellow ;  Apnl,  and  a  second  time  in  July. 

•  143.  S.  i'HiLLVREiFo'LiA  Boirer,    The  Phillyrea-leaved  Willow. 

Ideniifieaikm.    Borrer  in  Bng.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  3G6a  ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  ed.  3.  p.  417. 

7%e  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  described  and  figured  in  Et^.  BoL  SmppL^  the  female  in  the  frult-boaring 

state. 
Engrtni»g'    Bng.  Bot.  SappL,  t.  3600. ;  and  our^.  1473. 

S}}ec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute  at  each  end,  strongly  ser- 
rated, glabrous  on  both  surfaces,  glaucous  on  the  under  one.     Stipules 


i.xviii.  s/lLkacem:  sal 

small.  Young  shoots  pubescent. 
Bracteaa  (scales)  obloi^,  hairy, 
longer  than  the  glabrous  stalk  of 
the  glabrous  ovary.  Style  aa  long 
as  tae  stigmas.  In  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  kinds,  this  one  may 
stand  between  S.  bfcolor  and  S, 
Dicluoniinu,  in  both  of  which  the 
leaveo  are  for  the  most  part  obso- 
Ictely  serrated,  and  oi  a  figure 
approaching  to  obovale  with  a 
pomt.  (Son-ir.)  An  upright 
much-branched  shrub.  Highland 
valleys  of  Scotland.  Height  4  ft. 
to  5n,  Flowers  yellow ;  April. 
'  144.  S.  HkksohIjCha  Smith  (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1300.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  55.; 
•nd  our^.  55.  in  p.  803.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  xix.     Vaci-imijUitc  Borrer. 
Smail,  and  generaUt/  procHmbad,  Shraht.     Prin.  sp.  145.  and  149. 


U 


I:  \ 


Stamens  2  to  ■  flower.  Ovary  sessile,  downy.  Leaves  bearing  r  considerable 
resemblance  to  those  of  a  t^cinium  (  opaque ;  the  under  surfiice  glaucous. 
—  Plants,  small  sbrubs,  usually  procumbent,  rarely  erect.  (Hook.  Br.  Fl., 
ed.  S.,  adapted.)  It  is  probable  that  S.  arbuscula  L,  is  the  same  as  one  or 
more  of  the  four  kinds,  S.  nacciniifolia  Walker,  S.  carinata  Smilh,  S.  pruni- 
folia  SmtA,  and  S.  venuldsa  STnUb.     (Borrer,  in  his  manuscript  list.) 

Jl  145.  S.  facciniifo'lia  Walker.     The  Vacciniuui-leaved  Willow. 
rdnaffltBaifn.    Wallicr-i  Ehij  on  Hu.  Hin.  i  Bnf.  FI.,4.p.lH.;  Hook.  Br.  FI.,od.t. 
SfK«)niu.    a.  pnaiStMM,  put  of,  Kaek  CunBt.  p.  M).  1 

TItt  Srret.    Both  Km  •»  flguird  in  £ju.  Bal,  ud  Sal.  Wei.  % 

Aunafaff.    Eng.  Bol.,  t.  sill. ;  Sil.  \(ob.,  No.  a.  1  cur  Jig.  im.  i  uid  A-  'f 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  lanceolate-ovate,  serrated ;  glabrous 
and  even  above,  glaucous  and  silky  beneath.  Capsules 
ovate,  silky.  Stems  decumbent.  (Smilh.)  A  low  decum- 
bent shml^  very  distinct  from  S.  jiruniiolia,  of  a  much 
more  humble  stature,  with  decumbent,  or  trailing,  long 
and  slender  branches,  miky  when  young,  though  other- 
wise glabrous.  Scotland,  on  Highhuid  mountains.  Height 
I  ft.  to  8ft.    Flowers  yellow;  April  and  May.  iiT9.s.>>cdi>iici 

•  146.  S.  CARINA Va  StailA   (Eng.  Bot.,  t.  1363. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  59.;  ai 

our  Jig.  59.  m  p.  803.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 
Jl  147.  S.  nuNiPoYiA  Smilk  (Eng.  Bot..  I.  1361.  ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  56.;  ai 

ourj%.  56.  in  p.  603.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 
■  148.  5.  VENULO'SA  Sniilh  (Eng.  Bot..  t.  136&.;   Sal.  Wob.,  No.  56.;  a 

our^.  58.  in  p.  803.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

*  149.  S.  cs'si*  yulari.     Tlie  grey-leaved  Willow. 

Sraamgrnn.    S.  DiTnllllitdM  IfilU.  Sp.  Fl  4.  p.  686.  i  S  p^riu  £ArA.  Fl.  StIriL  p.  m. 

ne  Stat.    ThB  fenils  li  ilHcrllwd  ind  igmA  In  Sal.  Wat. 

' —     ""linDMiifc,S.  t.M.  r.ll.i  fliil.  Wob.,  No.66,1  mndouxA.  "■'if'**. 


786  ARBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

^tee.  Char.,  ^c.  LeareB  ellipdc  or  lanceolate,  acnnunate,  gbbroui,  not 
shinine,  entire,  and  rerolute  at  the  edge.  Catkin  upon  a  short  leafy  twigtet 
CapauTe  ovate-conical,  tomentiwe,  aeemingl;  se&ule,  eventually  having  a 
very  short  (talk.  Gland  reaching  as  high  as  the  base  of  tlie  capsule.  Style 
ahortish.  Stigmai  ovate-oblong,  entire,  and  bifid  (Koch.)  —  A  low  strag- 
"     phinilai  '■     "  -   -  ■'■ '---  "  -    - 


Sling  shrub.  Alps  of  Dauphin^i  and  in  Savoy,  upon  the  mountain  Enzein- 
og.  Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  Introduced  in  1824.  Flowen  yellow ;  May, 
and  again  in  August. 

Group  XX.    MyrtiBoidet  Borrer, 
Small  SilbenySke  Skrubt,  not  Natha  of  Bribm.     Frin.  8p.  ISO. 


a 


This  group  consists  of  exotic  kinds,  and,  therefore,  does  not  appear  in  Hoot, 
Br.  Ft.  ;  and,  consequently,  we  cannot  quote  characteristics  thence.  In 
S.  mynilloides  L.,  we  believe  that  the  epithet  was  meant  to  express  a  like- 
ness in  the  foliage  to  that  of  racctnium  MyrtfUus  L.  \  and  we  suppose  that 
this  likeness  appertains  to  each  of  the  kiniu  of  which  Mr.  Borrer  has  con- 
stituted his  group  M^illdides. 

M  150.  5.  MTRTiLLOi'DES  L.    The  Myrtillus-like,  or  BilAerry-leaved,  Willow. 


SrnamK.    S.  (lenni  Baier  En.  PI.  raUw.  pVnV  (Koe*.) 

fit  San.    Tbs  hmile  )■  dHcrlbcd  Id  Sra't  Ada.,  and  ths  iil*>  p 

p , ,  i_   Bi.  l,«pp.,  «d.  a.,  t.  9.  (.  i.t-t  tad  aarjlg.  ]4B0. 


^c.  Char.,  J^c.     Leaves  very  various  in  fbrm,  ovate,  subcordale  at  the  bsse^ 
ohlong,  or  lanceolate ;  entire,  opaque,  glabrous ;  veins  appearing  reticulated 
beneath.     Stipules  half-ovate.     Fruit-bearing 
catkin  (?  catkin  of  the  female  in  anj  state) 
borne  on  a  leafy  twiglet.     Bracteas  (scales) 
glabrous  or  ciliated.     Capsules  (?  or   rather 
ovaries)   ovate  lanceolate,   glabrous,   upon   a 
stalk  more  than  four  times  as  long  as  the  I 
eland.     Style  short.    Stigmas  ovate,  notched. 
(JTocA.)     The  flowers  of  the  female  are  dis-   ' 
posed  in  lax  cylindrical  catkins.  (Smith.)     A 
low  shrub.    Csrpathia,  Poland,  Livonia,  Vol- 
bynia,   and   through    Russia,   Sweden,    and 
Lapland.     Height  S  ft.  to  4  ft.   Introduced  in 
177B.     Flowers  yellow;  April  and  May.  "*-  «■•>!«»■*-■ 

is  descrbed  in 
t.)   is  described 


Group  xxi.     M.tfriwitet  Borrer. 
Small  biuiy  Shn^.     Prin.  sp.  153.  155.  and  150. 


□  □□ 


Stamens  8  to  a  flower.  Ovaries  downy.  Leaves  oval  or  broadly  riliptic*!, 
•errated,  small,  glossy,  rigid.  —  Plants  small  and  bushy.  (Hoot.  Br.  Ft, 
adapted.)    It  seems  to  be  the  case  that  the  epithet  Afyrsinites  In  5.  JUyrai- 


LXVIII.   ^ALICA  CEJE  :    SA  LIX.  787 

nites  L,  has  been  intended  to  imply  a  likeness  in  the  foliage  of  that  kind  to 
that  of  the  raccinium  JldTyrsinites  ;  and  it  may  be  supposed  that  this  cha- 
racter obtains  more  or  less  in  all  the  kinds  of  the  group. 

M  153.  S,  JIfYRSiNf  TES  L,    The  Whortleberry-fcawrf  Willow. 

Identification.    Lia.,  cited  by  Borrer  in  Eng.  Bot.  SuppL,  t.  S79S.,  the  text ;  Fl.  Dan.,  1. 1064. 
{Smith.) 


Synowywten.    S.  ifyrainltet  S,  Smith  Eik.  Ft,  A.  p.  196. ;  8.  orbutlfMia  Willd.  So.  Pi.  4.  p.  632. ; 
•    5.  MacnatM'aiM  MacgilU         '    ■  ----—--.         -      - — 

It  is  implied  in  the  Spec. 
Engravh^.    FL  Dan.,  t.  lOM.  (Smith)  ;  and  oar  Jig.  1481. 


probably  S.  MmauJbidna  MacgilUvray  in  Jameson's  Edinb.  Phil.  Jour.,  Oct.  1830. 
tJu  Setter.    It  la  implied  in  the  Spec.  Char.,  Ac,  that  the  female  is  known. 


i^ec.  Char,  ^c.  This  has,  like  S.  ietulifolia,  short  catkins,  and 
distinctly  serrated  leaves ;  but  these  are  more  acute,  and  of  an 
ovate4anceolate  figure ;  and  the  long  style  seems  to  afford  a  dis- 
tinctive character.  (Borrer.)  A  low  shrub.  Scottish  mountains. 
Height  6  in.  to  1ft.     Flowers  yellow  ;  April  and  May. 

Stems  and  leaves  like  those  of  J?etula  n^a,  very  dark,   and 
almost  black  when  dry.  i48ii 

M  154.  S.  .ffETCLiFo'LiA  Foftter  (Sal  Wob.,  No.  60. ;  and^.  60.  in  p.  803.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

-*  155.  S.  PROCU^MBENS  Forbes,     The  procumbent  Willow. 

Identification.    Forbes  In  SaL  Wob.,  No.  61. ;  Hook.  Br.  FL,  ed.  2.,  p.  499. 

Sttnonymea.    8.  la* vis  Hoole.  Br.  Fl^  ed.  1.,  p.  432. ;  8.  retiisa  Wither.  Bot.  Jrr.  ed.  4. ,  2.  p.  49. 

The  Sexes.    The  female  is  described  and  figured  in  Eng.  Bot.  Suppl.  and  SaL  tVoh.    The  male 

plant  has  not  oome  under  our  notice.  {Borrer^ 
Engravings.    Eag.  Bot.  Suppl.,  t.  S7S3. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  61. ;  and  oury^.  61.  In  p.  803. 

Spec,  Char.,  <$>c  Branches  diverging.  Leaves  oval,  minutely  serrated,  re- 
curved, bright  ereen  and  shining  on  both  surfaces.  Catkins  elongated, 
thick,  cylindricaT  Ovary  nearly  sessile,  tapering,  obsoletely  quadrangular. 
Style  short,  deeply  cloven.  Stigmas  spreading,  bifid.  (Borrer.)  A  low 
procumbent  shruD,  extending  along  the  ground  with  greenish  brown,  pu- 
bescent, round,  shortish  branches.  Highlands  of  Scotland.  Height  6  in. 
to  1  ft.    Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

Ji  156.  S.  RETU'iSA  L.    The  retuse-/!»it^(/  Willow. 

IdeniificaHon.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1445. ;  Willd.  Sp.  Fl.,  4.  p.  684. 4  Hayne  Abblld.,  p.  834. 

rlUfblf     * 


^monffme.    3.  Mrpylufblla  Jaeq.  Anstr.  t.  298. 

The  Sexes.    Both  sexes  are  described  in  Rees*s  Q/do.,  and  thence  In  Sal.  Wob.,  and 

below  ;  and  both  are  figured  in  Hayne  AbbOd. :  the  male  is  figured  in  SaL  Wob. 
Engravings.    Jacq.  Austr.,  t.  298. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  189. ;  our  Ag- 1482. ;  and  Jig.  189. 

in  p.  818. 

Spec.  Char,,  4>c,    Leaves  obovate,  entire,  glabrous,  shining  above. 

Catkins  of  the  female  oblong,  of  few  flowers.  Bracteas  (scales)  ^0^  /^ 
the  length  of  the  oblong  smooth  ovary.  (Smith.)  A  trailing  shrub,  v^  b^ 
Alps  oif  Germany,  Switzerland,  France,  and  Italy.  Height  W  ^ 
6  in.  to  1  ft.    Introduced  in  1763.    Flowers  yellow  ;  May.  i48s.&nciMi. 

Jk  157.  S,  KiTAiBEUA^NA  Willd.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  64u ;  and  our  Jig.  64.  in 

p.  804.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

M  158.  S.  UVa-u'rsi   Punh  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  151.;   and  our  ^.  151.  in 

p.  818.)  is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Jt  159.  S.  «ERPYLLiFO^LiA  Scop.    The  Wild-Thyme-leaved  Willow. 

Identification.    Soop.  Cam.,  No.  1207. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  684. ;  Hayne  Abblld.,  326. 
^fnongme.    8.  ret&sa  Koch  »  Koch  Comm.v.  63. 

The  Sexes.    The  male  is  figured  in  Sal.  Wob.,  the  female  in  Haune  AbbUd. 
Engravtmas.    Scop.  Carn.,  t.  61.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  66. ;  our  >^s.  1488,  1484.;   and 
^.  66.  to  pk  804. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  entire, 
glabrous,   shining  above.      Catkins  oblong,    of  few   flowers. 
Capsules  elliptic,  glabrous.     Stigmas  sessile.  (Smith.)  (1 
A  very  diminutive  shrub.  High  mountains  of  France,  *^|^ 
Italy,  and  Switzerland.  Height  1  in.  to  2  in.    Introd.  usi.  s^^Mtpviu. 
1483.       1818.    Flowers  yellow ;  April  and  May. 

3e  2 


788 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


jk  160.  S.  coRDiPo'LiA  Pwrsh  (SaL  Wob.,  No.  143.,  a  leaf;  aod  Jig.  143.  in 

p.  8 18*)  18  described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  xxii.     Herhdcem  Borrer. 

Very  low  Skrvhi^  icarcefy  rumg  an  inch  above  the  Ground,  Prin.  sp.  161  •  and  162. 


UU 


There  are  only  two  species  in  this  groap,  the  characteristics  of  which  will  be 
found  in  their  specific  characters. 

M  161.  iSL  herba\3BaZ>.    The  herbaceouB^ioQ^tn^  Willow. 

Jdemiifiealtkm,    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  944ft. ;  Bog.  Fl.,  4.  p.  199.  \  Hook.  Br.  Fl.,  ed.  8. 

Tke  SeaeM.     Both  u&xm  «re  detcribed  la  Et^.  Ft  and  Sgured  in  Sal.  FFo*.,  Sa^ue  AhhOd.^  and 

Hott  Sal.  Amttr. :  in  Emg.  Soi.^  tht  female  in  fhilt  and  flower,  and  bractea  (acale)  of  Uie  mate. 

Botti  Mzea  ware  UTing,  in  1886,  in  ttie  Twickenham  Botanic  Garden. 
EiwraeAv*.    Bnf.  Bot..  t.  1907.;  Sal.  Wob.,  No.  61.;  and  Hoat  Sal.  Anatr.,  I.  t.  104.; 

Spec,  Char,y  ^c.  Leaves  orbicular,  serrated,  reticukted 
with  vdns  ;  very  glabrous  and  shining  on  both  sides. 
Orary  stalked,  ovate4anceohite,  glabrous.  (SnM,)  A 
diminutive  shrub.  Britain,  on  uie  Welsh  and  I£(^- 
land  mountains.  Height  1  in.  to  3  in.  in  a  wild 
state,  but  much  higher  in  a  state  of  culture.  Flowers 
yellow ;  June. 

S.  herbacea  is  the  least  of  British  willows,  and,  ac- 
cording to  8ir  J.  £.  Smith,  the  least  of  all  shrubs. 
Dr.  Clarke,  in  his  Scandinavia^  calls  it  a  perfect  tree  in 
miniature ;  so  small,  that  it  may  be  taken  up,  and  root, 
trunk,  and  branches  spread  out  m  a  small  pocket-book. 

162.  S,  pola'ris  Wahlet^.    The  Polar  Willow. 

JdenMeaHom.   Valilenb.  Saec.  p.  6M. ;  Fl.  Lapp.,  p.  S61. ;  Koch  Comm.,  p.  64. 
TV  Sue$.    The  fiomale  Is  detcribed  and  figured  In  SaL  IFoA. 


Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.,  t.  ISl  f.  1. ;  oor^lct.  1486.  and  1487. ;  aad^.  6S.  in  p.  808. 

Spec,  Char,t  4^c,    Leares  ovate,  very  obtuse,  nearly  entire,  glabrous.    Catkins 
9A        of  few  flowers.     Stem  filiform,  or  thread-shaped.  (IVahlen^ 
Jk       herg.)    A  diminutive  shnib.    Lapland.   Heiriit  1  in.  to  3  in. 
|Ljk      Infoduced  in  1820.  Flowers  yellow  ;  April,  and  again  in 
^      July. 

The  branches  and  leaves  of  this  species  are  more  tender         ^^ 
during  the  spring  than  those  of  5.1ierblkcea;  the  stemis '^'^'"^ 
almost  filiform. 

Group  xxiii,     HastdttB  Borrer. 

Low  Shrubs,  with  very  broad  Leavet,  and  exceedmgly  shaggy  and  rilky  CathmSm 

(Hook  Br.  FL)    Prin.  sp.  163.  and  164. 


□□ 


p.  799. 


A  163.  S,  HASTA^A  L,    The  halberd-lratm/  Willow. 

Willd.Sp.FL,4.p.66i« 

NcSft.;  our/r-1488L;  and>^.S&.  in 


UefUmeaHom,  Un.  Sp.  Fl..  1448.;  Fl.  Lapp.,  ed.  9.,  99S. ;  ^ 
Tke  Sua.  The  Ibmaie  is  detcribed  and  flpirad  in  SaL  Wob. 
Bngravimgt,    Lin.  FU  Lapp.,  ed.  9.  t.  8.  f.  9. ;  Sal.  Wob.,  ] 


Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  ovate,  acute^  serrated,  undulated,  crackling,  gla- 
brous; heart-ohaped  at  the  befle,  glaucous  beneath.    Stipules  unequally 


LXVIII.   5ALICACELG: 


I  a  short  Btolk.   {Smili.')     A  tall  ahmb,  or  Bmall 
sprcadiag  tree.     Lapland,  Sweden,  and  in  Britain 
but  rare.     Height  5ft.  to  10ft,     Flowers  yellow;       4 
April  and  Ha;.  iBk 

Farietiet.  ixS^ 

■  S.  A.  2  temdata.  S.  hastita  WilM.  ^.  PI.  r^g 
iv.  p.  664^  —  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  heart-  l^^B 
shaped  at  the  base.  '^IB 

•  S.  A.  3  jDol^oiia.    S.  malilalia  SmUA  Eng,  Bot.  ^|S 

t.   1617.      (For  a  leaf,  see  our  j%.  36.   in    ^^ 
p.  739.)  —  Leaves  elliptic  oblong,  toothed, 
wavy,  thm  and  crackling,  very  glabrous. 

•  ?  ^  S.  I.  4  oriuicu/a.    S.  arbfucula  Wahl.  FL 

Dan.  t,   1055.,    Forbet  in  S<d.  „„.  ,  t_u«. 

^  Woft.  No.  13S.,  where  there  are 
f  a  figure  and  description  of  the  female  plant  (see  our 

Jig.  1489.,  also;^.  138,  in  p.  818.);  S.  arbliscula  3 
t  Xct.  Fl.  Sum.  p.  348. ;  S.  arb6scula  y  Lin.  Sp.  PI. 
'    p.  1545.,  Fl.   Lapp,    t.  8.  f.  m,  —  Leaves  lanceolate, 

serrated  with  distant,  small,  and  appresoed  teetb^  or 


.■  104.  S.  lin&Va  L.    The  woolly-jRnml  TTiltow. 

IdaHMcaOim.    Un.  Sp.pi.,  1UB.1  Eat.  n.,  «.  p.  9SB,  1  Hook.  Br.  Fl.Bl.  1. 

ni  Siia.    Boch  anx  u*  dMoUWI  ind  flnind  Id  Kiv.  Btt.  a<9rl.,  t.  KM.  i  both  MM  of  S. 

chiTitiUll«  Fl.  Sal.  IT*  flpirni  In  BmL  I^ 
£iUTw«W<    IJn.  Fl.  L^„  ad.  1.,  t.  S.  r.  I.,  t.  r.  r.T-i  Ba^Bot,  Snppl.,  t.)CM.  |  owj^.  U9ai 

toijlf.  Tl.  No.  s.  Id  p.  SMl 

lijpec.  CSor.,  4^.     Leaves  roundish  ovate,  pointed,  entire  i  diaggy  on  both 
surfaces ;  glaucous  on  the  under  one.     Ovary  sessile,  oblong,   dobrous. 
Stylea  four  times  as  long  as  the  blunt  divided  stigmas.  Catkins  cloched  with 
long,  yellow,  silky  hairs.     Ovary  nearh  sessile,  lanceolate, 
longer  than   the  style.     Stkmas   uniuvided,  iHook^     A 
low  ibrub.     Scotland,  on  the  Clova  Mountuns.     Hei^t    i 
3(1.  to  4  ft.  Flowers  yellow ;  Hay.  ( 


_t  yields,  also,  more  honey  than  any  other  laliz.  Grafted  \ 
standard  high,  it  would  nuke  a  delightflil  little  spring-  _ 
flowering  tree  for  suburban  gardens.  , 


Group  xxiv.     MUceMnea  A. 


{AM 


790 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Um.S,btr*tHliMm. 


Jk  167.  S.  BERBERTPo'UA  Pall,     The  Berberry-leaved  Willow. 

IiUniifieation.    Pall.  F1.  Roti^  1.  p.  S.  84.  t.  89. ;  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  683. 

Tke  8exe$.   Th«  male  is  figured  in  Sai.  Wob. ;  the  female  it  noticed  In  tlie  Specific        a 

Character.  ?L^ 

Kngravhtg$,    SaL  Wob.,  No.  140. ;  wxrjig'  M^l. ;  and>^.  140.  Id  p.  81&  WT 

Spec.  Char.y  Sfc,  Leaves  obovate,  bluntish,  with  deep  tooth-  HI;  / 
like  serratures,  glabrous,  shining,  ribbed,  and  reticulated  with 
veins  on  both  sides.  Capsules  ovate,  glabrous.  (Smnth.)  A 
low  shrub.  Dauria,  in  rockv  places  on  the  loniest  moun- 
tains ;  erowing,  along  with  ithoaod^ndron  chrjs&nthum,  near 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow.  Height  6  in.  to  2  ft.  Introduced 
in  1824.    Flowers  yellow ;  May. 

IE  168.  S.  tetraspe^'rma  Roxh.  (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  31.;  and^.31.  in  p.  797.) 

is  described  in  our  first  edition. 

¥  169.  S,  mMiYO^'XAk  Forbet    (Sal.  Wob.,  No.  158.)  is  described  in  our 

first  edition. 

M  170.  S,  viLLO'sA  ForbeM   (Sal.  Wob.,   t.  92. ;   and  fig.  92.  in  p.  807.)  is 

described  in  our  first  edition. 

Group  XXV.     MisceUdnecB  B. 

Kinds  of  SdHx  iniroduced,  and  of  many  of  which  there  are  Plants  al  Mettn, 
Loddiget's,  but  wlwik  we  have  not  been  able  to  refer  to  anjf  of  the  preceding 
Groups, 


JL 


Wk 


.fj 


S.  albescens  Schl,,  S,  alnifolia  Host,  S.  Ammannuimi  WiUd.,  S,  ai^stata 
Pursh,  S.  angustifdlia  Willd.,  S.  6etuUna  Host,  S.  candSdula  Host,  S,  can^ 
cens  Lodd,,  S,  cerasifoHa  Schl,^  S.  chrys^thos  CEd,,  S,  cinnamomea  Sch/,,  S, 
clethrsefolia  Schl^  S,  conffera  Wangenh.^  S,  coruscans  WiUd.,  S,  cydonisfdiia 
Si'hL,  S,  dubia  Hort,y  5.  eri&ntha  i^cA/.,  iSf./igif6lia  fVahtst.  et  Kit.,  S.  finraar- 
chica  Lodd,  Cat.,  S.  folioldsa  AfieL,  S.  Formosa  Willd.,  S,  fiisc^ta  Pursh,  S. 
glabr^ta  Sahl.,  S.  heteroph\rlla  Jbeb,,  S.  humilis  Dec,  S.  Jacqulntt  Host,  S, 
Hvida  Wahlenb.,  S.  longifolia  Muhlenb.,  S.  mespilifolia  SchL,  S.  murina  SchL, 
S.  myricdides  Muhlenb.,  S.  nervdsa  Schi.,  S.  obtiisa  Link,  S.  obtusifblia 
Willd,,  S.  obtusi-serr^ta  SchL,  S.  pallescens  SchL,  S.  paluddsa  Lk.,  S.  persU 
caefolia  Hort.,  S,  pyrenliica  Gouan,  S,  jtiyrifolta  SM.,  S.  recurv^ta  Pursh,  S, 
iralviefolia  Linh,  S,  Schradertafta  WiUd.,  S,  septentrionalis  Host,  S,  silesiaca 
Willd,,  S,  StarkeriiM  Willd.,  S.  tetr&ndra  Host.  S.  /hymeleeoides  HoU,  S. 
Trevirana  Lk.,  S.  velutlna  Willd.,  S,  versifolia  Spreng.,  S,  oaccinidides  Host, 
S,  Waldsteiniana  Willd.,   S.  Wulfeniana  Willd. 

Appendix. 

Kinds  of  SdRx  described  or  recorded  in  Botanical  Works,  but  not  introduced  into 
Britain,  or  not  known  by  these  Barnes  in  British  Gardens,  Descriptions  and 
reference  to  figures  are  ^ven  in  our  first  edition,  but  here  we  insert  only  the 
names. 

S,  &rctica  R.  Br,,  S.  desertorum  Rich,,  S.  rostr^ta  Rich,,  S,  ciner^scens 
Link,  S,  grandifolia  Ser.,  S.  divaricata  Pall,,  S.  hirsuta  Thunb,,  S.  pedicellata 
Desf,,  S.  int^gra  Thunb,,  S.  jap6nica  Thunb,,  S,  mucronata  Thunb,,  S,  rham- 
nifolia  Pall,,  S,  Seringeana  Gaudin  ;  S,  ser6tina  Pall. 


The  plates,  which  farm  pages  791.  to  818.,  contain  figures  of  leaves,  of  the 
natural  size,  from  the  engravings  of  willows  given  in  the  SaUctum  Wobwmense  ; 
and  against  each  leaf,  or  pair  of  leaves,  we  have  placed  the  same  number,  and 
the  same  name,  which  are  given  in  the  SaRctum, 


$  L  rontinued. — Adull  I^avei  lerraied,  natrk/  tmoo/A. 


LXVIII.    S'ALICA'cEiC  :    5aYiX. 
§  i.  conlmued. — Adult  Leava  lemted,  nearfy  smodh. 


794  AIIBORKTUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    SRITANNICUH. 

§  i.  contiimed. — Advil  Leava  lerraUd,  nearfy  tmooih. 


Lxviii.  5ALICA  CEX :  £aYix.  795 

).  continued. — AduU  Leauei  lerraled,  nearly  taootb. 


796  ABBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

§  i.  CODtinued. — Adall  Leavei  lerraUd,  Hearfy  tmoolk. 


LXVIIl.   fALICA^CES  :   5'a'lix.  797 

Ji  i.  continued. — AdiM  Lanei  lerraUd,  nearli)  imootk. 


798  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICITM. 

§  i.  continued. — Adult  Leaixt  urralrd,  ui-arty  tmootk. 


LXVIII.  5ALICA'CEjE  :  5a  LtX. 
}  1.  continued. — Adult  Leave*  lerraled,  aearltf  ivtoolh 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANMCUH. 
§  i.  tMOtitmeid.—AdvU  Leaoei  terrated,  ntarbf  rmoolA. 


LXVIII.   SA1.1CA^CZ1E '.   SAVIX.  801 

f  i.  continued. — Adutt  heava  temted,  nearlj/  imoolli. 


802  ARBORETUM    ET    FnUTICETUH    DRITANNICUM 

§  i.  continued. — Adult  Leave*  terraUi,  nearfy  imaotA, 


§  i.  coatinued. — Malt  Leaoei  trrrated,  luarfy  tmoothi. 


804  ARBORETUM    £T   7RUTICETUH    BRITANMCUIW 

j  ii.     Adult  Lemxt  eniire,  TiMrly  mootk. 


§  iii.     Letna  all  Aaggif,  tpoolly,  or  aliy. 


$  iii.  continued — Jitaaei  ail  tkaggj/,  anollj/,  or  otty. 


ADBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 
^  iii.  continued. — Leatwi  all  tkaggy,  wooltt),  or  nUof. 


Lxviii.  salica'ce*:  «a'i.ix.  807 

}  Hi.  contuued. — Lemet  allihaggy,  uiooUt/,  or  HUy, 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    I 
f  iii.  coDtiDued. — Leaoei  aU  Aaggy,  ttmol/y,  or  m&g. 


§  iii.  coDtioued.— Zifotet  ail  '^''ggy,  «>ool(i/t  <"  tilliy- 


ARBORETUU    ET   FRUTICETUM   BltlTAXNlCUM. 
$  iii.  continued. — Leaett  alt  tkaggy,  laoeHy,  or  nS^. 


LXVlll.    5ALICaVE£:   SALIS. 
§  m.  continued. — Leatet  aU  thoggg,  uiaoity,  or  li/iy. 


812  ABBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITAMNICUM. 


LXVIII.    ^ALICa'cEX  :    5'a'liX. 
§  in.  continued. — Lemxt  all  liaggy,  aooUy.  or  liiky. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICF.TUU    DRITANNlClJM. 
$  iii.  coRtiaued. — Leaatt  alt  Aagg^,  loMtly,  or  tilty. 


LXVIII.  saiacackm:  ^a  lix. 
§  ni.  continued. — Letnei  alt  ihaggy,  vaolfy,  or  «Oa/. 


ARBORGTUH    CT    FHUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 
j  lu.  continueiL — Leaoa  aU  lAaggy,  moolU/,  or  alky. 


1^ 


j  iii.  continued. — Leaoet  aU  thaggjf,  mooliy,  or  litiy.  81 ' 


$  IT.     Miicellaneout  Kind*. 
WILLOWB,  OSIBBS,  , 


LXYIII.   iSALICA^CE^:   PO'PULUS.  819 

Genus  II. 


Wm\\M 


POTULUS  Toum,    The  Poplar.    Lm.  SytL  Dioe'cia  Oct^ndria. 

Ideni^kaHon.  Tourn.  Inst,  t.  860.  \  Lin.  Gen.,  S26. ;  Theo.  Neea  ab  Esenbeck  Geo.  Fl.  Germ, 
niittt. ;  Smith's  Bng.  FL,  4.  p.  %i%. 

Summgma*    PenpUer,  Fir,  {  Pappel,  Oer. ;  Ploppo,  lUU. ;  Poplier,  DaiIcA ;  Alamo,  Span. 

nerivaHon.  Some  suppose  tlie  word  Pfipulus  to  be  derired  fktnn  pattd,  or  paipiUIB^  to  vibrate  or 
shake ;  others,  that  the  tree  obtained  its  name  fyom  its  being  used,  in  ancient  times,  to  deeorate 
the  public  places  In  Rome ;  where  it  was  called  arbor  p^qmBt  or  the  tree  of  the  people.  Bullet 
derives  the  name  also  flrom  popuhUt  but  savs  that  it  alludes  to  the  leaves  beins  easily  agitated,  like 
the  people.  From  the  S^panlsh  name  for  this  tree,  akmto,  is  derived  the  wora  alameda,  the  name 
given  to  the  public  walks  in  Spain,  tnm  their  being  generally  planted  with  poplars. 

Gen.  Char,,  Sfc.  Bractea  to  the  flower  of  each  sex  laciniated  in  its  terminal 
edge.  Male  flower  consisting  of  a  calyx,  and  8  stamens  at  fewest ;  in  many 
instances  many  more.  Female  flower  consisting  of  a  calyx  and  a  pistil. 
(G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  serrated,  with 
the  disk  more  or  less  oblate,  and  the  petiole  in  most  compressed  in  the 
part  adjoining  the  disk.  Flowers  in  catkms,  greenish,  red,  or  yellow.  Seed 
cottony,  ripe  in  a  month  or  six  weeks  after  tne  appearance  of  the  flowers. 
Decaying  leaves  yellow,  yellowish  green,  or  black.  —  Trees  deciduous  ; 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  or  North  America. 

They  are  all  of  rapid  growth,  some  of  them  extremely  so ;  and  they  are  all 
remarkable  for  a  degree  of  tremulous  motion  in  their  leaves,  when  agitated  by 
the  least  breath  of  wind.  The  catkins  of  the  males  of  most  of  the  species  are 
very  ornamental,  from  the  red  or  dark  brown  tinge  of  their  anthers,  and  from 
their  being  produced  very  early  in  spring,  when  the  trees  are  leafless.  The 
females  of  all  the  species  have  their  seeds  enveloped  in  abundance  of  cottony 
down ;  which,  when  ripe,  and  the  seeds  are  shed,  adheres  to  every  object  near 
it ;  and  is  so  like  cotton  wool  in  appearance  and  quality,  that  it  has  been 
manufiictured  into  cloth  and  paper,  though  it  has  been  found  deficient  in 
elasticity.  The  wood  of  the  poplar  is  son,  light,  and  generally  white,  or  of  a 
pale  yellow.  It  is  of  but  little  use  in  the  arts,  except  in  some  departments 
of  cabinet  and  toy  making,  and  for  boarded  floors ;  for  which  last  purpose  it 
is  well  adapted,  from  its  whiteness,  and  the  facility  with  which  it  is  scoured  ; 
and,  also,  from  the  difficulty  with  which  it  catches  fire,  and  the  slowness  with 
which  it  burns.  In  these  respects,  it  is  the  very  reverse  of  deal.  Poplar,  like 
other  soft  woods,  is  generally  considered  not  durable ;  but  this  is  only  the  case 
when  it  is  exposed  to  the  changes  of  the  external  atmosphere,  or  to  water. 
One  of  the  most  valuable  properties  of  the  poplar  is,  that  it  will  thrive  in 
towns  in  the  closest  situations ;  and  another  is,  that,  firom  the  rapidity  of  its 
growth,  it  forms  a  screen  for  shutting  out  objects,  and  affbrds  shelter  and 
shade  sooner  than  any  other  tree.  All  the  kinds,  whether  indigenous  or 
foreign,  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers,  and  some  of  them  by 
suckers.  The  species  which  produce  suckers  may  all  be  propagated  b^ 
cuttings  of  the  roots.  They  all  like  a  moist  soil,  rich  rather  than  poor,  parti« 
cularly  when  it  is  near  a  running  stream  ;  but  none  of  them  thrive  in  marshy 
soil,  as  is  commonly  supposed,  though  in  such  situations  the  creeping-rooted 
kinds  are  to  be  preferred,  as  living  on  the  surface. 

5  1.  P.  A^LBA  L,     The  white  Poplar,  or  Abele  Tree, 

Idmtifieation.    Lin.  Sp.,  1468. ;  Bng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  M3.  \  Hook.  Brit.  Fl.,  «d.  9..  p.  43S. 

Synonyma.  P,  fclba  Utlfblla  Ijob.  Ic.  2.  p.  19S.  fig.  1.;  P.  mi^or  iSiU.  Dtct.  8.  No.  4. ;  P.  nivea 
fVilid.  Art,  237. ;  P.  Mba  nivea  Mart.  Milt, ;  the  name  of  Leuke,  given  to  this  species  by  Dios- 
oorides,  is  still  used  among  the  modem  Greeks  (see  Smith  Prod.^  Sibtk.  Ft,  Graca)  (  the  great 
white  Poplar,  great  Aspen,  Dutch  Beech ;  Peaplier  blanc,  Yprteu,  Blanc  de  Hollande,  Franc 
Plcard,  iV. ;  Aubo,  or  Aoubero.  in  some  provinces ;  weisse  Pappel,  Silber  Psppel,  webse  Aspe, 
Weissalber  Baum,  Ger. ;  Abeelboom,  Dutch. 

Derivation.  The  specific  name  of  White  applies  to  the  under  surfiice  of  the  leaves,  which,  when 
quivering  in  the  wind,  give  the  tree  a  peculiarly  white  appearance.    Tlie  English  name  of  Abele 

3g  2 


820  ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

It  darlved  firom  th*  Dutch  name  of  the  tree.  Abed  s  and  thlt  name  if  suppoted  bj  lome  to  be  taken 
ftx>m  that  of  the  city  of  Arbela,  iu  the  plains  of  Ninereh,  near  which,  on  the  banlcf  of  the  Tigrfe 
and  Baphnitee,  great  numbers  of  these  trees  grew.  It  Is  said  to  be  the  same  tree  as  tliat  meotioDed 
in  the  Bible  as  Abel-ahitttan.  Chittim,  ShitOm-wood,  and  Kltttan.  The  Dutch  Beech  is  an  old 
name,  giTen  to  this  tree,  as  we  are  Informed  Iqr  Hartlib,  in  his  Campleat  Hutbamdmam  (1699),  on 
account  of  ten  thousand  trees  of  it  Itarlng  been  brought  over  all  at  once  from  Flanders,  and 
planted  in  the  country  places  ;  where  the  people,  not  knowing  what  ther  were,  called  them  Dutch 
beech  trees.  The  French  name  of  YprMu  alludes  to  the  tree  behig  round  In  great  abandaaee 
near  the  town  of  Ypres. 


7%«  8ejte$.    Both  sexes  are  described  In  the  E»a(»h  Florae  and  are  not  unfrequent  ia  plantaikna 
Engrovingt.    Eng.  Bot..  1. 1618.  \  Hayne  AbblM.,  t.  SOS. }  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Art».  BiiL» 
edit,  Tol.  Tli. ;  and  our^.  1493. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  lobed  and  toothed ;  sonoe- 
what  heart-shaped  at  the  base;  snow-white,  and 
densely  downy  beneath.  Catkins  of  the  female 
plant  ovate.  Stigmas  4.  (Smith,)  Root  creeping, 
and  producing  numerous  suckers.  Branches  very 
white,  and  densely  downy  when  youn^.  Leaves 
angular,  and  generally  with  three  principal  lobes, 
variouslv  and  uneqiudly  toothed,  blunt-pomted, 
veiny ;  dark  ereen  and  smooth  above,  and  covered 
wiUi  a  thick  remarkablv  white  down  ben^oh. 
The  leaves  vary  very  much  in  form  ;  and  on  young 
luxuriant  branches  they  are  almost  palmate.  The 
leaves  are  not  folded  in  the  bud,  and  the  buds  U9t.  p.  uu. 

are  without  gpm,  A  laige  tree.  Europe,  in  woods 

or  thickets,  in  rather  moist  soil.     Height  90  ft.     Flowers  dark  brown ; 
March.     Seed  ripe ;  May.    Decaying  leaves  dark  brown. 

VaneHes,  These  are  numerous,  but  the  principal  one,  P.  (a.)  candscens,  being 
generally  considered  as  a  species,  we  shall  first  give  it  as  such  ;  after  enu- 
roeradng  the  varieties  whicn  belong  to  P,  &lba. 

S  P.  ff.  2  hybrida  Bieb.  Fl.  Taur.  Cauc.  2.  p.  423.  and  Suppl.  p.  633. 
P,  &lba  Bieb.  1.  c. ;  ?  P,  intermedia  Merteru ;  P,  a.  crassilolia 
Mertens ;  and  P,  grfsea  Lodd,  Cat,  1836.  —  Appears  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  P.  &lba  and  P.  ^a.)  can^scens.  It  is  plentiful  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  streams  in  Tauria  and  Caucasus;  whence  it 
appeara  to  have  been  introduced  into  Britain  in  1816. 

t^  P.  a.  3  vucer^oUtt,  P,  acerif5lia  Lodd,  Cat,  ed.  1836 ;  P.  ^uerciiblia 
Hwrt, ;  P.  pahnfito  Hort, ;  P.  arembdrgica  Lodd,  Cat,  1836 ;  P. 
b^lgica  Lodd,  Cat,  1836.  —  A  very  distinct  variety  of  P.  &lba,  with 
the  leaves  broad,  and  deeply  lobed,  like  those  of  some  kinds  of 
il'oer. 

S  P.  a.  4  cdndtcam.  P.  c&ndicans  Lodd,  Cat,  ed.  1836  ;  P.  nf  vea  Lodd, 
Cat,  —  A  stronff-orowing  variety  of  P.  6lba  ;  probably  identical  with 
P.  acerifdlia.  This  is  ttie  P.  tomentosa  of  the  Hawick  Nursery, 
and  the  hoary  poplar  of  the  Edinburgh  nurseries,  where  it  is  propa- 
gated by  layers. 

S  P.  a.  5  agypaaca  Hort.  P.  a.  pallida  Hort, ;  the  Egyptian  white  Poplar. 
—  A  much  weaker-growing  plant  than  any  of  the  preceding  varieties. 

3(  P.  a.  6  pendida,  P.  a.  var.  ^cilis  r^mis  pend^ndbus  Merten$,  —  Spe* 
cimens  of  this  variety,  of  both  sexes,  are  in  the  Linnean  herbarium ; 
and  there  are  trees  of  it  on  the  ramparts  at  Bremen. 

S  2.  P.  (a.)  canb'scbns  Smth,     The  grey,  or  common  white.  Poplar. 

Id€tU0eaUom,    Smith  Fl.  Brit,  p.  lOSO. ;  Bng.  Fl.,  4  p.  243. 

Si^nomifmes.    P.  tiba  MiU,  Diet.  ed.  8.  No.  1. «  P.  flba  fblUs  min^ribus  BoH  Sum,  44&  ;  P.  Alba 

fbUo  mhibre  Ami*.  Hist,  ▼.  1.  p.  2.  ISO.  flg. ;  Peuptler  srisaSUe,  Pr. 
The  Se9e$,    Onl|  the  female  plant  is  express^  described  in  the  Bi^U$k  Fiora.    The  plant  in  die 

Horticultural  Society's  Garden  is  Uie  male. 
Engra»ing$,    Bug.  Bot.,  1. 1619.  \  Hayne  Abbild.,  t.  201. ;  and  omflg.  149S. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^e,  Leaves  roundish,  deeply  waved,  toothed ;  hoary  and  downy 
beneath.  Catkins  of  the  female  phmt  cylindrical.  Stigmas  8.  It  is 
essentially  distinguished  from  P.  alba,  as  Mr.  Crowe  first  discovered, 
by  the  stigmas,  which  are  8,  spreading  in  two  opposite  directions.     The 


LXTIII.  SALKA^CEX  :  po'pmiUs.  831 

bracte»s  or  ihe  fertile  Rowers  are,  also,  more  de^ly  and  regularly  cut.  He 
branches  are  more  upngtit  and  compact.  The  leaves  are  rounder,  more 
conspicuously  S^ribbed,  and  less  deeplj  or  acutelv  lobed ;  not  folded  m  the 
bud,  and  vitbouc  gum.  They  are  downf  beneath  ;  bat  the  down  is  chiefly 
greyish,  and  nol  so  white  or  cottony  as  w  i*.  Alba :  in  some  instancea  the 
feaTes  are  glabrous.  (^SnM.)  A  tree  closely  resembling  the  preceding 
species,  and  found  in  similiir  situations. 

The  wood  of  the  white  poplar  weighs,  when  green,  5Blh.  3oz.  per  cubic 
foot ;  and  in  a  dried  state,  36  lb.  7  oz. :  it  shrinks  and  cracks  considerably  in 
drying,  losing  one  quarter  of  its  bulk.     The  wood  otP.(a.)  can£scens  u  said 
to  be  much  harder  and  more  durable  than  that  of  P.  tiba;  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  wood  of  the  T^lia  europte'a  parvifolia  is  finer-grained  and  harder  than 
that  of  T.  e.  nandifdlia.   The  wood  of  both  kinds  is  the  whitest  of  the  genus ; 
and  it  U  used,  in  France  and  Qermany,  fbr  a  variety  of  minor  purposes,  par- 
ticularly when  lightness,  either  of  wdght  or  colour,  is  thou^t  desirable ;  or 
where  an  artificial  colour  is  to  be  given  by  staining.     It  is  excellent  for  form- 
ing packing-cases,  because  muls  may  be  driven  into  it  without  its  splitting.     It 
is  used  by  the  turner  and  the  cabinet>4nBker,  and  a  great  tnan^  to}^  and  small 
articles  are  made  of  it.     The  boards  and  rollers  around  which  pieces  of  mik 
are  wrapped  in  merchants'  warehouses  and  in  shops  are  made  of  this  wood, 
which  is  peculiarly  suitable  for  this  purpose,  from  its  lightness,  which  preveati 
It  much  increasing  the  expense  of  carriage.     The  principal  use  of  the  wood  of 
the  white  poplar  in  Britain  is  for  flooring.boards  ;   but  for  this  purpose  it 
requires  to  be  seasoned  for  two  or  three  years  before  using.     For  the  abele  to 
attain  a  large  size,  the  noil  in  which  it  is  planted  should 
be  loamy,  and  near  water  ;  thou^  on  a  ary  soil,  where 
the  tree  will  grow  slower,  the  timber  will  be  finer-grained, 
and  more  durable.     In  British  nurseries,  it  is  commonly 
propagated  by  layers ;  which,  as  they  seldom  ripen  tbe 
points  of  their  shoots,  or  produce  abundance  of  fibrous 
roots  the  first  season,  ought  to   he  transplanted  into 
nursery  lines  for  at  least  one  year  before  removal  to 
their  final  situation.     The  tree  is  admirably  adq>ted  for 
thickening  or  filling  up  blanks  in  woods  and  plantations; 
and,  fbr  this  purpose,  truncheons  may  be  planted  3  in,  t 
or4in.  in  diameter,  and  10ft.or  ISft.high.     Owing  to  '< 
the  soffaiess  of  the  wood,  and  its  lialnlity  to  shrink  and 
crack,  it  is  dangerous  to  cut  off  very  large  branches; 
and,  even  when  branches  of  moderate  mze  are  cut  off, 
tbe  wound  ought  always  to  be  covered  over  with  graf)> 
ing  clay,  or   some   description   of  plaster,  to  exclude 
the  dr.     The  tree  is  considered,  both  by  French  and 
English   authors,   as   bearing  loppine   worse  than  any 
other  species  of  the  genus;  and,  vhta  transplanted,  tbe  head  should  never 
be  cut  off,  and  not  even  cut  in,  unless  in  cases  where  the  tree  is  to  be  planted 
in  a  hot  and  dry  soil. 

1  3.  P.  THB'uvLt  L,     The  trembling-Jnnvd  Poplar,  or  Atpex 
Iilnltfiailiim.    Un.  Gp.  PI..  1M4. 1  Bng.  Fl.,  4.  p.  M4.  i  Hook.  F1.  Boot,  ras. 

^nmrna.    P.  Ubrn  /t-il  Sn.  <t6.  ;  P.  bftnMl  Dtt.   Ptmpt-  SK.  (  P.  nlirn  7V«r.  Hill,  10U. 
fV-iP.  pfodull  Da   Rol;  A>p«  i  le  Ttnnbln,  Pt.\   l4  TnBHlll,  AlboriUa,  AllwnUo.  lULi 
Zlttur-PappeL  Eipe.  Ccr. 
DrTlraltim.    TliF  Bngllib  nuns  of  AnwD  at  Aipe  ll  otdentlf  dgrtinl  (him  Uic  Oennu,  (V(. 
TUt  Stia.    Both  HiH  an  dHCTlbail  In  U»  EtifUtk  Fbra. 
Emgrmtrngi.    En|.  Bat..  L  IMS.  j  H«rH  AUdtS.,  t. m.  t  Iha  plU*  In  Arb.  Brit.,  MtdU.,  lol,  rU-i 

Spec.  Char.,  4'c.  Young  branchlels  hairy.  Leaves  having  compressed  foot- 
stalks, and  disks  that  are  roundish-oval e,  or  nearly  orbicular ;  toothed  in  a 
repand  manner,  downy  when  voung,  afterwards  glabrous  on  both  surbces 
Stigmas  4<,  ^'ect,  eared  at  the  base.  (Smilh.)  Alarge  tree,  but  seldom  seen 
•o  fi^  as  P.  Alba.  Europe ;  in  rather  moist  woods.  Height  50  f^  to  70  ft. 
3  0  3 


822 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Flowers  brown  ;  Bfarch  and  April.     Seeds  ripe ;  Hay.    Decaying  leaves 
dark  brown  or  black. 

Varietiet, 

If  P.  /.  2  pendula.    P.  p^ndula  Lodd.  Cat.  1836 ;  P.  suphia  LodtL  CaU 

ed.  1836.  (The  plate  of  this  variety  in  our  first  edition,  vol.  viL)'— The 

only  dbtinct  vanety  of  P,  tr^mula  that  exists  in  the  ndghbourhood  of 

London. 
¥  3  P.  /.  3  lam^dia.  P,  laevigata  AU,  HorL  Kew,^  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  18S6. — 

Leaves  shining,  rather  larger  than  in  the  species. 

A  rapid-^wing  tree,  rather  exceeding  the  middle  size,  with  a  straight  clean 
trunk,  tall  m  proportion  to  its  thickness ;  and  a  smooth  bark,  whidi  becomes 
grey,  and  cracks  with  age.  The  branches,  which  extend  horizontally,  and 
are  not  very  numerous,  at  length  become  pendulous.  The  young  shoots  are 
tough,  pliant,  and  of  a  reddish  colour ;  and  both  the  wood  and  the  leaves  vary 
exceedingly,  according  to  the  dryness  or  moisture  of  the  soil  in  which  die 
tree  is  grown.  The  youne  shoots  and  leaves,  produced  in  the  form  of  suckers 
from  the  roots,  are  greedily  eaten  by  cattle  and  sheep.  The  roots,  from  tfadr 
nearness  to  the  surrece,  impoverish  the  land,  and  prevent  anything  else  from 
growing  on  it  luxuriantly ;  and  the  leaves  destroy 
the  grass.  The  wood  weighs,  when  green,  54  lb. 
6  oz. ;  half-dry,  40  lb.  8  oz. ;  and  auite  dry,  34  lb. 
1  oz. :  it  consequently  loses  two  fiflhs  of  its  weight 
by  drying.  It  shrinks  by  thb  operation  one  sixth 
part  of  its  bulk,  and  cracKs  and  splits  in  an  extreme 
degree.  The  wood  is  white  and  tender :  and  it  is 
employed  by  turners ;  by  coopers,  for  herring  casks, 
milk-pails,  &c. ;  by  sculptors  and  engravers ;  and 
by  joiners  and  cabinet-makers ;  and  for  various 
minor  uses,  such  as  clogs,  butchers*  trays,  pack- 
saddles,  &c.  As  the  roots  of  this  tree  chiedfly 
extend  close  under  the  surface  of  the  ground,  it  is 
better  adapted  for  soils  that  are  constantly  wet 
below,  than  almost  any  other  tree,  since  its  roots, 
by  keeping  so  very  near  the  surface,  are  never  out 

oi*  the  reach  of  the  air,  which  they  would  be  if  they  penetrated  into  aoD 
perpetually  saturated  with  water.  Propa^^ated  by  cuttings,  but  not  so  r^ulily  as 
most  other  species.  Wherever  trees  are  found,  tiiev  generally  throw  up  suckers 
from  which  plants  may  be  selected ;  or  cuttings  of  tne  roots  may  be  made  use  of. 

t  4.  P.  (t.)  tre'pida  Willd.    The  North  American  tresDbMng-leaved 

Poplar,  or  American  Aipen. 

IderUffleatiom.    Wflld.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  803. ;  Punh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept,  8. 

p.  618. 
^fnonvme.  P.  tremulbldes  Midix.  North  Amer.  Sylva  2.  p.  241.,  N, 

Du  Ham,  2.  p.  184.  , 

The  Se»e»,    A  plant  of  ttie  female  b  in  the  London  Horticultural 

SoctetT's  arboretum,  where  tt  flowered  In  April,  1836)  though  only 

5  or  6  feet  high.    The  stigmas  were  6  or  8. 
Engravhtgi.    N.  Du  Ham.,  2.  t.  08. ;  Mlchx.  North  Amer.  Sylva,  2. 

t.  99.  f.  1. ;  and  onr^l^.  1498. 

Spec.  Char.^  S^c.  Disk  of  leaf  suborbiculate,  except 
having  an  abruptly  acuminate  point;  toothed;  having 
two  glands  at  its  base  on  the  upper  sur&ce  ;  silky 
while  young,  aflerwards  glabrous.  Bud  resinous. 
Petiole  compressed.  Disk  of  leaf  toothed  with 
hooked  teeth,  ciliate.  Catkins  silky.  (^Mkh.)  A 
tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  in  swamps  ;  and  found 
also  from  Hudson's  Bay  to  the  northward  of  the 
Great  Slave  Lake,  as  far  as  lat.  64°.  Height  20  ft. 
to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  brown  ; 
April.  Seed  ripe  in  May.  Decaying  leaves  dark 
brown  or  blac(^.  :  um.  p.(t.)txVd^ 


14M.    P.tKfonla. 


xviii.  5alica'cEj£:  po'pulus. 


UaiiaaMm.    Mlchi.  FLBor.  ABur.,  Ip.  M1.1  PanhFI.  Amtr.  Sstit.,  1. 

Tk€  stMet-    Thfl  bAult  li  npntcDUd  In  Hldvux'j  flsum. 

Bntririmgl.    Hlclu.  Noith  Anmr.  Srln,  1.  L  M.  C,  L  i  ud  our  A- K^ 

i^wc.  Char.,  4re.  Leaf,  vhen  j'ouDg,  reddish, 
villouB,  aftenrards  glabrous  on  both  sur- 
facn ;  the  petiole  comprcsaed  in  the 
tenniiiBl  pnrt ;  the  disk  roundiah-ovate, 
acute,  einuately  toothed  with  large  un- 
equal teeth.  (Purih.)  A  tree.  Canada. 
Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  with  a  trunk  10 
or  IS  inches  in  diameter.  Introduced  in 
1778.  Flowera  Lrown  ;  April.  Decaying 
leBTca  dai^  brown  or  black. 

I  P.  (/.)  g.  8  pindvla  Michi.  Flor. 
Bor.  Ainer.  ia  said  to  have  pen- 
dulous branches.     H.  8. 


>ith  large 
ns.     The 


ornamental  of  all  the  poplars,  when 
the  leaves  expand  in  spring,  from  their 
deep  purplish  red  colour.  lot.  r-iLjcmduaH 

¥  6.  P.  GRJB^*  AU.     The  Grecian,  or  ,4/AcniaR,  Poplar. 
Uaillflealtm.    Alt.  tlatt.  Rew.,  «d.  I,S.  p.  Mr).;  WUld.  Sp,  PI.,  4.  p.  MU.!  N.  I 
Tlw  %nm  la  npiiaHd  tol3 

.......     - .    Qu  ^  bADkl  D 


OmT  Iftw,  1*10,^ 

Ttn  Stm.    Tha  taDiLlt  U  )n  Uh  LondoD  Honicnltiin]  8i 
■go.  Id  Bvdflni  ■!  Bulr  St-  Edmundj,  bh  "  "     "' 
neu  (hat  towD.    Wllldf-voir.  In  bU  Sp-  F 

£HTBrnyi.    N.  Da  Ham.,  1.  I.  M,j  Uw  pitta  of  thli  tnslo  Aib.  Bill. 

Spec.  Char,,  4^.  Branch  round,  glabrous.  Petiole 
compressed.  Disk  of  leaf  roundish  ovate,  having 
a  shallow  sinus  at  the  base,  and  terminating  in  an 
acute  point ;  serrated  with  equal  teeth  that  ere 
adpressed  ;  glabrous,  except  being  slightly  ciliated 
on  the  edge.  (WUld.)  A  tree,  according  to  Wtlld., 
wild  in  l£e  islands  of  the  Archipelago ;  but,  not 
being  included  in  the  Pnxf.  Flora  Gnxca,  it  is  more 
probably  a  native  of  North  America.  Height  30  ft. 
to  60  ft.  Seeds  ripe  in  May.  Cultivated  iu  Britain 
in  1779.  Flowers  brown ;  March  and  ApriL  De- 
caying leaves  black. 

A  handsome  vuorous-growing  li«e,  ve^  interestinc 
when  in  flower,  from  it*  numerous  darkish-coloured 
catkins,  which  have  the  plume-like  character  of  those 
of  P.  trAnula,  P.  tr^pida,  and  P.  grandidentita.  The 
leaves,  in  their  form,  colour,  and  general  aspect,  re- 
semble those  of  P,  trfpida,  but  are  longer. 


624  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANMICUM. 

'  7.  P,  ni'gra  L.     The  MiaA-barked,  or  comrnon  black,  P<^1ar. 

Iilmlificaitim.    Un.  Sp,  Fl.  L  IK*.  ;  Eu.  FL.  4.  p.  Ml. ;  Hook.  Fl.  ScM^  HO. 

firnSBnvi,  P.  k\b^Tra.  Hm.  \im.  Ig-t  P.  rimiDra  Da  Hbul  Ari.;  P.  TlitnUndi  .^tar« : 
i-.^16iila  Ben.;  uSirot.  Gratt  J  KlbaU,  V«l(n>  Sm*  :  tbe  <|M  EniHlfa  riiillll.  n^llTtfl, 
Ibc^aiaw  Timltr,Ca<nllrilgal>lrr!  WaUr  Poplar  i  lbs  (Bmaia  of  P.  nigra  la  calM  tl»  Cotlea 
Tr««  at  £urr  Su  Idmunda  i  Faopuer  nolr*  FnipUw  llanlt  Otinr  bloK^  fr-  j  lekiwuH  ra|ninl_ 

Eyraw^t.    Bit|-Bot„t.  IBIS.;  th> plaM  at  Ihli  qiada  In  Aith  Brit.,  lit  (dIU  toL  tH.  ;  and  o^ 

Spec.  Char.,/j;c.  Petiole  somewhat  compreued.  Diakorieaf  delUiid,poiiite(i. 
serrated  with  ^landed  teeth,  glabrous  on  both  luriaces.  CatJuns  lax, 
cylinilricel.  Stigmag  4,  simplev  Bpreading.  (Simlk.)  A  tree.  Europe 
from  Sweden  to  Italy,  oa  the  bouki  of  mera,  and  in  moist  woods;  and 
found,  alto,  in  the  north  of  AMca.  Hei^t  SO  ft.  to  80  ft.  Flowers  dark 
red ;  March  and  April.     Seed  ripe  in  Hay.    Decaying  leaves  rich  ydlt>v. 

Variety. 

X  P.  n.  8  virida  Lindl.  P.  yiiiSa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Leaves  of  m. 
brighter  green  than  in  the  species. 
The  leaves  are  slightly  notched  on  tbeir  edge*,  of  a  pale  light  green;  and 
the  petioles  are  yellowish.  The  leaves  are  protruded  about  the  middle  of 
Hay,  much  lata'  than  those  of  P,  fastigiitta,  P.  dlbe,  or  P.  (a.)  can^sceoa ; 
and,  when  they  are  first  expended,  their  colour  appears  a  mixture  of  red  and 
yellow.  The  catkins  are  shorter  than  those  of  P.  tr^mula  or  P.  Uba ;  thn 
appear  before  tbe  leaves,  in  March  and  April ;  those  of  the  males  are  of  a  dark 
red,  and,  being  produced  in  abundance,  have  a  striking  efltct.  Tlie  rapmtlrii 
of  the  female  caking  are  round  ;  and  the  seeds  which  they  endoae  are  en* 
veloped  in  a  beeutiful  white  cotton.  The  tree  is  of  rapid  growth,  eapedallf 
in  good  soil,  in  moist  situations,  or  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  In  the  cUmate  of 
London,  it  attains  the  height  of  30  or  40  ft.  in  ten  years ;  and,  whea  jrianted 
for  timber,  arrives  at  perfection  in  from  forty  to  fitly  years,  be^nii^  to  i ' 
when  about  sixty  or  eighty  years  old.  It  is  readily  known  fifom  all  other  S) 
from  the  numerous  large  nodosities  on  its  trunk.  It  bears  l<^iping ;  and,  when 
treated  as  a  poUard,  it  produces  abun- 
dance of  shoots.  In  mtMSt  soil,  when 
cut  down  to  the  ground  annually,  it 
throws  up  numerous  shoots,  like  wil- 
lows. The  wood  is  vellow,  soft,  and, 
being  more  fibrous  tnan  that  of  any  ^ 
other  species  of  poplar,  it  splits  more 
readily  than  the  wood  of  either  i'.4]ba 
or  P.  trcmula.  It  weighs,  in  a  green 
Slate,  60  lb.  9oz.  per  cubic  footj  half- 
dr3',  4Slb.  13oi.;  and  dir,  SSLb.:  thus 
losiDg  more  than  one  half  its  wnght  by 
drying;  and  it  loses,  by  abrinking,  more 
titan  a  sixth  of  its  bulk.  It  is  applied 
toallchediiTerentpurpoBesofthatorP.  ^^  ^ 

ilba,  but  its  most  general  nse  on  the  -^m^ 

Continent  is  for  packing-cases,  more  especially  for  the  transport  of  bottled 
wines.  In  Berlin,  the  wood  produced  by  knottj'  trunks,  which  is  curiouslv 
mottled,  is  much  used  bv  cabinetmakera  for  making  Isdies'  workbozes,  whicn 
are  celebrated  both  m  dermany  and  France.  This  wood  is  broucht  from  the 
banks  of  the  Vistula,  where  the  tree  abouuda,  and  hence  the  names  of 
F,  vistul^isis  and  P.  poldnica. 

S  e.  P.  (?N.)  canape'hsis  Michx.    The  Canadian  Poplar. 

Idattiflcallam.    Hlrhi.  Atb,.  S.  p.  39S. ;  K.  Amar.  &j\^  1.  p.  3». 

afvitma.  P. \w^tU^  WiOd.ip.  Pit.  f. sat.,  pKra  fU  Atirr.StfH.i,f,m.,Srrtim.aftLVm. 
t.  p.  U*.,  but  not  ol  Han.  Atie. ;  P.  moniUfBia  Harl.  Par.  flomt.  Com,  *e.  i  CMtsn-woiiL 
Midu-i  Feupllar  do  Canada,  PT,  Id  Mva.  Cninrf'4frl^  Bdlt.  ISD,  ton.  IL  p.  40T. 

Tkr  Scuw.    WILIdeim  hu  Hea  thi  Dide  llilng  i  Boac  jan  Ifait  cmli  tbi  fOula  la  la  FrnKK 

£ivr«ta<(.    Mich.  Arb,,  S.  t.  II. ;  Nonh  Amer.  SyL,  3.  L  H.  i  ud  ourA,  l«99. 


tXVIII.    SALICA^EJE.:    PO'FULUS.  825 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Young  branches  nngled.  Petiole  compressed.  Disk  of  leaT 
roundish  ovate,  ddtoiJ,  Bcununate,  subcorJate  at  the  base,  where  there  ore 
glnnds,  serrated  with  unequBl  teeth,  ^latH\>uB.  The  branches  are  angular, 
and  the  angles  fonn  whitisli  lines,  which  persist  even  in  the  adultage  of  the 
tree.  The  trunk  is  furrowed,  even  in  old  age  j  less  so  than  that  of  P.  an- 
EulatB,  more  so  than  that  of  P.  monilffera.  The  young  huds  are  gummy. 
The  catkins  of  the  female  are  from  6  in.  to  8  in.  long.  {Michx.)  A  lar^ 
tree.  North  America,  in  high  rocky  places  between  Canada  and  Virginia, 
and  about  the  western  lakes.  Height  70  ft  to  80  h.  Introduced  in  1769. 
Flowers  red  ;  April  aud  May.  Seeds  ripe  in  June.  Decaying  leaves  yellow. 
In  Britain,  the  Canadian  poplar  used  to  be  very  commonly  propagated 
-  -  -*  extensively  introduced  into  plantatioiu  ;  hut,  within  the  hist 
""    ""  "s,  the  black 


30  yea 


_.Jian  poplar  (P. 

moniUfera)      has 

been    substituted  , 

for  it.    Bosc  says 

that  the  Canadian 

poplar  approaches 

nearer  to  P.  ntera 

than     any    other 

species  ;  and  Mi-  ' 

chaui,    in    1840, 

expressed  to    us 

the  same  opinion, 

and  in  short  that 

it  was  difficult  to  uoo.  r.  ,^,d^^ 

distinguish  them. 

Propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  ftbout  IBin.  long,  put  in  during 
autumn.     The  first  sbools  produced  from   these   cuttings   are  alwRya  curved 
at  the  lower  extremity,  though  in  a  few  years  this  curvature  entinly  disap- 
pears.    The  same  thijig  lakes  place  with  the  cuttings  of  P.  monilffera, 
t  9.  P.  (?  N.)  ARTULiFoYiA  Punh.     The  BIrch-Ieaved  Poplar. 
tiauificaUim.    PuntaFl.  Anar.  8«pa,.l.p,  Gig.i  Spnuf.  S/>L  Vtf ..  S.  p.  «4. 

• " -ffc*!.  fl.^nw.Sof.l  nSM.i  f.hudi&il™  ftiVili.  .(rf.I.  aWl  t  :0. 

l.p.»0,i  p.  hudtanltw  Boii,  tnaLoM.  Cal.ti.\tK;  Amartcu  blKk 

'  '  ar  fHnml«  pUDl  ttait  li  In  Eurepvu  cotlsctJadi. 
.  N.  Amcr.  Sjl.,  1.  L  M.  t.  1. ;  ud  WI  At-  IWI. 

Spef.  Char.,    <^r.     Young  branches  yellow.    Branchlets 

hairy   when   youns.      Petioles  yellow,  and  also  haiir 

when  young.     Diu  of  leaf  rhomboid,  but  much  acumi- 
nated ;  toothed  in  every  part  of  the  edge ;  hairy  on  the 

under  surface  when   young,  but  afierwards  glabrous. 

The  catkins  are  4  in.  to  5  in.  long,  and  destitute  of  the 

hairs  which  surround  Uiose  of  several  other  spedes. 

(Micix.)    A  tree,  found  by  Hichaux  on  the  banks  of 

the  river    Hudson,  a   little  above   Albany ;    and    by 

Pursh  about  Lake  Ontario.     Height  SO  ft  to  40  ft. 

Introduced  in  ?  1780.     Flowers  ?. 

Tolerably  distinct ;  and  forming  a  small,  neat,  deep- 
green-IeavM  tree,  but  in  our  opinion  only  a  variety  of  P. 
nigra.     M.  Michaui,  in   1840,  acknowledged  the  proho-    uoi,  -  ,-  ^  t-j.""*- 
bility  of  this  being  the  case. 
S    10.  P.  (?  N.)  Momu'ncRA  AU.     The  Necklace-bearing,  cr  blaei  TIaUtm, 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANmCUH. 


Ui  npltbel  tKckUre  be 


upopli 


Swvrliut.  Mlchi,  Arb..  t.lD.  t.i.;  H.  Aiwr.  Sjl.,  9.  i.96.  r.1.1  Wati.  Dead.  BrH.,  1. 1.  ]<». ; 
[faeplii(«iariMitrsDlii  Arh.BrIt,  LMedLI..  >al.Tll.{  anil  sue  j^.  1K>1. 

Spec.  Char.,  $c.  Shoot  more  or  leas  an^lar.  Branch  round.  Petiole 
slender,  compressed  in  the  upper  part;  in  some  leaves,  shorter  than  the 
disk,  in  others  longer.  Dink  deltoid,  glendcd  nt  the  base,  which  ii  suh- 
cortlate  in  some  leiivea,  and  very  obtuselj'  wedge-shaped  in  others;  dp 
acute  ;  edge  serrated  all  rodnd,  except  in  the  central  part  of  the  base,  ana 
at  the  acute  tip  i  the  teeth  have  incurved  points  i  Kiubrous  except  in  the 
edge,  which,  Bt  least  when  the  leaf  is  growing,  is  ciliate  i  edge  ultimately 
and  perhaps  early,  gristly.  Male  flowers  about  30  in  a  catkin,  upon  p^ 
dicels.  Brsctea  glabrous.  Stamens  16,  a  little  longer  than  the  corolla. 
Female  flowers  about  40  in  a  catkin.  Stigmas  4,  dilated,  jagged.  It  is 
rather  doubtful  to  what  country  this  pophir  is  indigenous  ;  Canada  u  pyea 
SB  its  native  country  in  the  Hortui  Keieeiuu;  but  in  the  Xouceaa  da  Haatei 
it  is  stated  to  be  a  Dative  of  Virginia.  Michaux,  jun.,  states  that  neither  he 
nor  his  hither  ever  found  it  wild  in  America  ;  and  Pursh  adds  that  he  has 
only  seen  it  in  that  country  in  gardens.  According  to  the  Hortia  JTrur- 
rtuu,  it  was  introduced  into  Britain  by  Dr.  John  Hope,  in  1778.  It  ia 
B  tree,  according  to  Punh,  from  60  fl.  to  7011.  high  in  Atnerica;  hut  in 
Britain  it  grows  to  the  height  of  IIX)  or  ISO  ft.,  or  upwards  ;  flowering  in 
March,  and  ripening  its  seeds  about  the  middle  of  Kby.  Decaying  learei 
greenish  yellow,  or  rich  yellow. 

Farielki. 

X  P.  (m.)  m.  S  Lindieyaiuk  Booth,    The  new  waved-leaved  Poplar,  Hort. 
• —  Leaves  rather  laiver  than  in  the  species,  and  they  are  somewhat 
more  undulated.    H.  8. 
IP.  (R.)in.  S/oliiivaH^alu  Hort.  —  Leaves  vari^ted  j  contpicuous  in 
early  spring,  but  afterwards  unsightly. 
P.  monillfera  is  the  most  rapid^owing  of 

all  the  poplars;  and  its  timber  ia  equal,  if  not 

superior,   in   quality   to    that    of   any   other 

Kdet.  It  comes  into  leaf,  in  the  climate  of 
ndon,  in  the  last  week  of  April,  or  in  the 
beginning  of  May,  long  after  the  P.  fnstigiilta, 
but  about  the  same  time  as  P.  nigra,  of  which 
we  believe  it  to  be  only  a  variety,  about  which 
time  the  male  catkins  have  chiefly  dropped  off. 
The  cottonyseedofthe  female  is  ripe  about  the  , 
middle  of  May,  and  is  so  abundant,  even  in 

foung  trees,  as  to  cover  the  ground  under  them 
Ike  a  fall  of  snow.  The  rate  of  ^owth,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  on  good  soil,  is  between 
30  ft  and  40  ft.  in  T  years  ;  even  in  Scotland 
it  has  attained  the  hdght  of  70  tt.  in  is 
years.  The  wood  may  be  applied  to  the 
same  purposes  as  that  of  the  spcdes  pre- 
viously  described ;  but,  being  of  larger  dimen- 

sions,  it  may  be  considered  as  better  fitted  for  being  used  in  buildings.  Pon- 
tey  observes  that  the  tree  is  not  only  an  astonishbgly  quick  grower,  but  that 
its  stem  is  remarkably  straight  j  and  that,  with  very  trifling  attention  to  side 
(iruning,  it  may  be  kept  clear  of  broncbes  to  any  required  lieight.    For  these 


Lxvm.  5alicaYe«:  po'pulus. 


reasons,  be  considers  it  the  most  profitable  of  all  trees  to  plaot  in  masses  in 
a  fertile  soil,  rather  moist  At  PontBinebleau,  the  female  tree  bears  fertile 
■eeds,  from  vhich  many  thousand  plants  come  up  annually  in  the  walks,  end 
are  mostly  destroyed,  though  sr~"    --------  ' *- '-  — 

I  II. 


though  some  varieties  have  been  selected  from  them. 
'ta  Daf.     The  faitigiate,  or  Lmubardy,  Poplar. 

J^i  k%.  ».'  p.  IK  ,  P.  nlpm  ItiUu  Dm  Sti  ffarbk.  t.  p.  Ml 

u.  TS.  :  P.  IllllcE  JilUtU  tVaU.  :  l>.  jirrunldili  Hori. ;  P.  pwUKhilu 
roUntnili  Onrftdarfi  Crcreu  ri>|il>r,  Turin  Faplv,  Fd  Poplar ;  PnipUct 
nldal,  Fr.i    LDmbudJlclie   P^>pel.   lOlkulllcfaA   P>pp*l.  Offr.i   Ploppg 

rv  nlmtirul  iD  Englud,    Ttae  St 
driM  tpttlmtnM  Bod  Had!  In  yo 

IK  muT  J« 


tSx 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Petiole  coropreseed.  Disk  of  leaf  deltoid,  wider  than 
Ions,  crenujatetl  in  ihc  whole  of  the  edge,  even  the  base  ;  slabrous  upon 
both  surfaces.     Lcavca   in  the  bud  iovolulely  folded.     A  last' 


828  ARBORETUM    ET    FnUTICETUM   BRITANNICUH. 

Persia,  and  ajiparently  indigenous  in  Italy.  Hei^t  100  ft.  to  150 IL  In- 
trod,  1758.  Flowers  red  j  March  and  April.  Decaying  leaves  j'ellow. 
The  Lombardy  poplar  is  readily  diBtinguislied  from  all  other  trees  of  this 
senus  by  its  tall  narrow  fomi,  and  by  the  total  absence  of  liorizontiil 
Branches.  The  trunk  ia  twisted,  and  deeply  furrowed ;  and  the  wood,  which 
is  small  in  quantity  in  proportion  to  the  height  of  the  tree,  is  of  little  wurlh 
or  duration,  being  seldom  of  such  ditnenBtons  as  to  admit  ofitn  being  sawn  up 
into  boards  of  a  useful  width.  The  leaves  are  very  Eimilar  to  those  of 
P.  nigra,  and  the  female  catkins  Co  those  of  P.  moniltfera;  the  male  catkins 
resemble  those  of  P.  nigra,  and  have  red  anthers,  but  are  considerably  more 
slender.  One  difference  between  P.  &stigitkta  and  P.  nigra  is,  that  the  for- 
mer produces  suckers,  tbough  not  in  any  great  abundance,  while  the  lattio' 
rarely  produces  any.  P.  litstigiBta,  also,  in  the  climate  of  London,  protrudes 
its  leaves  eight  or  ten  days  sooner  than  P.  nigra.  The  rate  of  growth  of 
P.  bstigiita,  when  planted  in  n  loamy  soil,  near  water,  is  very  rapid,  lu  the 
village  oT  llreat  Tew,  in  Oxfordshire,  a  tree,  planted  by  a  man  who,  in  1835, 
was  still  living  in  a  cottage  near  it,  was  I£5ft.  high,  having  be«a  planted  about 

1   18.  P.  ahoula'ta  Ail.     The  angled-firoBrfrrf,  or  CaroSna,  Poplar. 

Umlj/lcaliim.    Ail.  Hurt.  Kcv.,  9  p.  WT.  |  Hlchi.  H.  Anw.  Sllia,  L  p.  IM. ;  Flinh   S^L,  1. 
Smaw^l.    P.  mntuiau  MIclu.   Fl.  Bor.  Atmir.  S.   p.  MS.  ;  P.  faHftiiphflU   D<t  Sal  Hart*,  t. 

p.  IH.  i  P.  nmcrSphtlla  LoM.  Cat.  aUt.  ISW  i  K  bkUmUen  MiU.  Did.  So.  h. ;  VlidHlppI 

GoLtim  Tk«.  Amtr. 
Tlu  StHi.    A  plan!  it  Anptsn  Hill,  SuSDlk,  ud  (HH  Id  Uh  LoDdoa  tloitlciittiinl  Sodetr'i  uln- 

Smrratairt.  Mkbi.  North  Amtr.  STln,  1.  I.  M.  i  Do  Hhd.  Arb.,  S.  t.  M,  f.  !l.  i  the  i4iu*  of 
iBli  tree  In  Arb.  Brit..  Ut.  nlll.,  tdI.  tU.  ;  ud  (HirAt.  IMM.  ud  iSa. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bud  not  resinous,  green.  Shoot  angled,  with  yiittm.  IKsk 
of  leaf  ovate,  deltoid,  acuminate,  toothed  with  blunt  teetb  that  nave  the 
point  incurved,  glabrous :  upon  the  more  vigorous  shoots,  the  disk  is  heart- 
shaped,  and  very  large ;  branches  brittle.  (AficAjr.)  A  large  tree.  Vii|^Dia, 
Florida,  And  on  the  Mississippi,  in  morasses,  and  on  the  banks  of  rtvers. 
Height  TO  ft.  to  eo  fl.  Introduced  in  1738.  Flowers  reddish  or  purpli&h  ; 
March.     Decaying  leaves  greenish  yellow. 


Varieliei. 

t  P.  a.2  niva  Au 

t  P.  o.  3  Mcdim 
The  shoots  of  this  species,  when  young,  are  eitreroely  succulent ;  and,  as 
they  continue  growing  late  in  the  summer,  they  are  frequently  killed  dowu 
several  inches  by  the  autumnal  frosts.  After  the  tree  has  attained  the  hd^t 
of  SO  or  30  feet,  which,  in  the  cl'unate  of  London,  it  does  in  five  or  six  years, 
tills  is  no  longer  the  case;  because  the  shoot*  produced  are  shorter  and  less 
■ucculcQt,  and,  of  course^  better  ripened.     According  to  Hicbaus,  the  leaves 


Lxviii.  5alica^c£a:  fc/pulu8.  829 

when  tbej  fint  un- 
fold are  Bcnooth  and 
bril1iaQ[,Tin.  to  8 in. 
Ions  on  young  plants, 
ana  be  much  in 
breadth  j  while  on 
trees  30  or  40  feet 
hif;h  they  are  only 
one  fourth  the  uze. 

As    an    omamenlal  lus,  r.m.UM. 

tree,  it  fomiB  a  very 

stately  object;  but,  from  the  brittleness  of  the  branches,  they  are  very  liable 
CO  be  torn  off  by  high  winds.  The  wood  is  of  little  use  either  in  America  or 
England.  Propagated  by  layers,  as  it  strikes  less  freely  from  cuttings  than 
most  of  the  other  species. 

t   13.  P.  nBTBHoi>i]r'i.LA  L.     The  Taiious-M.ifMi/'leaTed  Poplar  Tree. 

Idm^lficaliim.    LId.  Bp.  Fl..  I4St. ;  Vkhi.  Fi,  Bor,  Amar,,  1,  p.  «U. ;  Pnnh  Sept.  1. 


mij  lh«  nule  ti  In  Britlih  UTdnL 

IDchi.  Honb  Anw.  ^iTii,  1 1  »T. ;  K  Da  Hno.,  >.t.  M.  t  udoorj^.  lau. 

Spec.  (3iar.,  4c.  Shoot  round,  tomentosc.  Leaf,  while  young,  tomenlose 
afterwards  less  so,  or  glabrous.  Petiole  but  slightl;  compresae  '  "'  ' 
roundish  ovate,  having  a  small  sinus  at  the  base,  and  being  siighllj 


afterwards  leas  so,  or  glabrous.  Petiole  but  slightlT  compressed.  Disk 
roundish  ovate,  having  a  small  sinus  at  the  base,  and  being  siighllv  aurided 
there  (or,  as  Hichaux,  jun.,  has  expressed  it,  with   the  lobes  or  the  base 


lapped,  so  OS  to  conceal  the  junction  of  the  petiole^,  blunt  at  the  tip, 
toothed  )  (he  teeth  shallow,  and  having  incurved  pomCs.  Male  flowers 
polyandrouB,  Female  flowers  glabrous,  situated  distantly  along  the  gla- 
brous rachis,  and  upon  long  ^icels.  (JlficAj,)  A  tree.  New  York  to 
Carolina,  in  swamps,  and  more  particularly  in  the  country  of  the  Illinois, 
and  on  the  western  rivers.  Bright  10  ft.  to  BO  ft.  in  America;  eft.lo  10ft. 
in  England.  Introduced  in  1765.  Flowers  reddish.  Decaying  leaves 
greeniwi  yellow ;  April  end  May, 
We  have  never  seen  plants  of  this  species  higher  than  5  or  6  feet ;  though 

B  specimen  tree  m  the  Mile  End  Nursery,  and  another  at  Syon,  must  have 

been  planted  more  then  50  or  60  years ;  and  though  it  is  said  by  Bosc  to  be  a 

loft^  tree  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Paris. 

It  IS  a  very  remarkable  species,  from  the 

particular  character  of  its   leaves,  which, 

though  as  large  as,  or  larger  than,  those 

of  P.  angulata,  and  something  resembling 

them  in  outline  end  in  position  on  the 

branches,  yet  have  nearly  cylindrical  foot- 
stalks, and   their  disks  hanging  down  on 

each  side  from  the  midrib  in   a   flaccid  , 

maoner,  not  observable  in  any  other  spe- 
cies of  the  genus.     The  young  branches 

and  the  annual  shoots  are  round,  instead 

of  being  angular,  like  those  of  P.  angulata, 

P.  catmd^sis,   and  P.  monillfera.     The 

leaves,   while    very  young,   are    covered 
with  a  thick  white  do«m,  which  gradually 

disappears    with    age,   till    they   at    hist  ,ioe.  p.timirkfiu. 

become    perfectly    smooth    above,    and  _    _ 

slightly  downy  beneath.  Propa^ted  by  inarchins  on  any  of  the  varieties  of 
P.  nigra.  If  this  spedes  were  grafted  at  the  height  of  30  or  40  feet  on  P. 
monilffefa,  it  would  form  a  verj'  singular  and  beautiful  drooping  tree. 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETtJM    BRITAMNICUH. 


Amar.  Srlti,  ».  1. 8»  (.  1.  i  Dn  Him.  Art,  sd.  not., ».  L  M.  i  PiU. 
n»..,  I   •,-...-.  M»  p-UaftbliinigliiArb.  Brit.,  lit  sdlL,  toI,  tIL  i  uxl our .lV(- INT.  *Dd 
..vd,  uhI  jl(.  ISDS.  rrom  Pill.  Rdu. 

spec.  Char.,  J-c.  Shoot  round.  Bud  very  gummy.  Petiole  rouod.  IHsk  of 
leaf  ovBte-acuDiinate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  serrated  with  depressed  teelh  ; 
deep  green  on  the  upper  aurface,  whitish  on  the  under  one,  and  tomaitose 
there,  but  rather  inconspicuously  ao,  and  netted  with  glabrous  veina.  Sti- 
pules Bubspinescent,  bcarins  puia.  Stamens  16,  or  more.  {Mlchx.)  A 
tree  of  the  middle  siie.  north  Araerico,  in  the  most  northern  parts,  and 
in  Dahurin  and  Altai.  H^ht  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  ;  in  America,  80  fl.  Introduced 
in  1698.  Flowers  purplith;  March  and  April.  Decaying  leaves  lirown 
nnd  btacli. 


yaneSet. 

9  P.b.  2  oiminalif.     P.  viminalts  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1636  ;     P.  (alidfolia 

Hort.;    P.  loneifolifl  Kacher,  Pa/L  Rott.  t.  *l.  B.    (Our  j%,  1510. 

from  a  living  pbnL)  —  A  native  of  Altai,  with 

slender  Iwig^  branches,  and   leaves   nearly 

lanceolate.     Lodd. 
H  P.  i.  3  lat^oHa  Hort.  — Leaves  rather  broader 

than  those  of  the  species.   H.S, 

*  P.  «.  4  intcrmBdia  Hort.,  Pall.  Fl.  Ross    t.  41. 

A.  ~-  A  native  of  Dahuria,  with  stout,  short, 
thick  branches  knotted  with  wrinkles  ;  and 
ovate,  long,  and  mthcr  narrow  leaves ;  and 
generally  attaining  only  the  height  of  a  large 
shrub.     Hort.  Soc.  Oarden, 

*  P.  ft.  5  luntfo/en*.    P.   suavcolens    Faeher,  and 

Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  (   the  new  sweet-scented 
Poplar  of  the  nurseries.  —  Said  to  be  more        ,»,«.  r.^.imiouh. 
fragrant  than  any  other  form  of  (he  species, 
t  P.  b.  ejoiut  varicgniit  Miller.  —  Leaves  variegated.  Ilort.  Soc.  Qanl. 
I'hc  balsam  poplar, intheclimaleof  London,  is  the  very  first  tree  that  comes 


ixix.  sztvi-a\:eje:  ji'i.vva.  831 

into  leaf ;  its  Foliage  is  of  a  rich  amtx^  yellow,  and  so  fraKnuit  H«  in  moist 
evenings  to  perfume  the  aurrounding  air.  The  tree  is  remarkat^  bardy,  but, 
unless  m  the  vicinity  of  water,  it  seldom  attains  a  laree  size  in  England,  or  is 
of  great  duration.  Readily  propagated  by  suckers,  whicb  it  sends  up  in  abun- 
dance I  or  by  cuttings,  which,  bowcver,  do  not  stnke  so  readily  as  tbose  of  tbe 
poplars  belonging  to  P.  nigra. 

T  15.  P.  ca'ndiCans  Ait.     The  mhilMi-leaved  Baltam-bearing.or  Onttmo, 
Poplar. 
liltntglcalttm.    All.  Horl.  Kim..».  p.  MS. ;  Uicbi.  N.  Abut.  StIti,  X  p. 

Sipmmmt^'  F.  iiiMcniptiflli  Limil.  to  Skm.  tfpliaiu  p.  SW 
J>.  OBtuttnili  Daf.  Hart.  Par. ;  P.  cordiUa  LaU.  Cat.  ISkj  i-.  uu^cin 
R1.,lHititMarVA:JLr.  nhkhliP.  terlglu  H'tfU.)  BUm  or  dllud  Tn»,  J 
PnipUar  lUrd.  Canada  I  Ptupllar  1  Fnitlln  Tgnlllfei.  Pr. 

Tit  Stta,    Ttia  mule  l>  In  ttaa  London  Kordcultonl  SocMj'i 

tflcHx.  North  Amm.  SyW«, ».  (.  9S.  f.  3.  i  ud  o 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Shoot  round.  Bud  very  gummy.  Stipules  gummy.  Pe- 
tiole compressed  in  its  upper  part,  hairy  in  many  instances.  I^sk  of  leaf 
heart-shaped  at  the  base,  ovate,  acuminate;  serrated  with  blunt  iiitequal 
teeth  i  S-nerved ;  de«>  green  on  the  upper  surface,  whitish  on  tbD  under 
one,  on  whicb  the  veins  appear  reticulate.  Inflorescence  similar  to  that  of 
P.  balsamifera,  and  the  disk  of  the  leaf  tfarice  as  large  as  in  that  specieE. 
fJIfichx.}  A  tree.  North  America,  in  the  states  of  Rhode  Island,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  New  Hampshire.  Height  50  ft.  to  60f^  Introduced  in 
17TS.  Flowers  purplish  1  March.  Decaying  leaves  brownish. 
The  Ontario  poplar  bears  a  close  general 

resemblance  to  the  balsam  ixiplar  :  it  baa  the  ^ 

ri^d  fustigiate   habit  of  tiiat   tree,   its  fine  \ 

fragrance,  and  its  propwty  of  throwing  up  \ 

numerous  suckers  ;  but  it  differs  from  it,  in  f 

having  very  large  heart-shaped  leaves,  and  in  {: 

attaining  a   larger  size,  both   in   its   native  \ 

country,  and  in  British  gardens.     The  buds 

are   covered   with   the   same   balsamic   sub- 
stance as  those  of  P.  balsamifera  i  and  the 

leaves  are  of  the  same  fine  yellow  colour  in 

spring,   though   they  come  out   a   fortnidit 

luter.     Like  those  of  the  balsam  poplar,  they 

preserve,  at  all  stages  of  their  grovrth,  the 

same  shape.     Readily  propagated  by  cuttings 

or  suckers,  but   the   tree  will  not  attain  a  uu.  r.dnioca,. 

large  size  unless  on  rich   soil  near  water; 

though,  as  tbe  roots  creep  along  the  surface,  the  soil  need  not  be  deep. 


Obdeb  LXIX.     5ETULA'CE^.. 
Ond.  Ciua.  FloweT$  hermaphrodite,  or  unisexual.  Pcnanlh  free,  4 — 5  lohed. 

Slanieia  4—12.     Onm'uni  solitary.     Sligniat  S,  distinct.     Ihdt  indehiscent, 

3-oelled,  compressed,  sometimes  expanded  into  wings  at  the  ndes.     Seedi 

solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous.      Albanien  none.  (C  Don.') 

Leavft  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  entire  or  seirated.    Flomeri 

ill  terminal  catkins.  —  Trees  deciduous;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North 

America.     Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers. 

The  genera  are  two,  which  are  thus  contra-distinguished :  — 
A'l-sva  Ti/um.     Female  catkins  cylindrical ;  seeds  iiimished  with  a  membrane 

on  each  side. 
ifs'TULA  Tourn.     Female   catkins  oval,  borne  on  a  branchy  peduncle;  seeds 

not  bonlcrcil  with  membranes. 


833 


ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  I. 

il'LNUS  Toum,    Thb  Alder.    Lm,  Stftt,   Monoe^cia  Tetr&ndra. 


1 


MoL 


Ideniifieatitm.    Tourn^  t.  3S9. ;  WUld.  Sp.  PI.,  <.  P.  834. ;  HaU.  Hist..  8.  p.  800. ;  Gcrta.,  t.  90. 
Sifnof^met.    JSfitulie  species  Lin.  \  Aune,  Fr. ;  Erie,  Qfr.j.  OnUno,  Ital. ;  Aliso,  Span. 
Derivation.    From  ai,  near,  and  lan^  the  edge  of  a  nyer,  Celtic  /  habitat :  from  the  Hebrew, 
an  oak :  or,  aooording  to  others,  flrom  atitur  amne,  it  thrives  by  the  rirer. 

Gen,  Char,  Barren  fiowers  numerous,  aggregate,  in  a  loose  cylindrical  catkin. 
Co^jrapennanent  wedge-shaped  scale,  mo wered,  with  two  very  minute  lateral 
scales.  Corolla  composed  of  three  equal  florets.  FUamentt  4,  from  the 
tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  of  two  round  lobes. —  Fertile  Jiotifen  fewer, 
agsregate,  in  an  oval  firm  catkin.  Cafyx  a  permanent  wedge-shaped  scale, 
2-flowered.  Corolla  none.  Sti/les  2.  Stigma  simple.  Nut  ovate,  without 
wings.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  serrated  or  entire.  Flowoers 
terminal,  greenish  white,  appearing  earlier  than  the  foliage,  in  pendulous 
catkins. — Trees  deciduous,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America;  rarely 
exceeding  the  middle  size,  and  some  so  low  as  to  be  considered  shrubs. 

With  the  exception  of  A,  glutinosa  lacinillta  and  A,  cordifolia,  the  species 
are  not  very  ornamental ;  nor  is  the  timber  of  great  value,  except  for  the 
charcoal  which  may  be  made  firom  it.  All  the  species  prefer  a  moist  soil, 
or  one  in  the  vicinity  of  water.  A,  glutindsa  ripens  seeds  freely,  as  do  most 
of  the  other  sorts ;  but  all  the  latter  are  generally  propagated  by  layers.  De- 
caying leaves  dark  brown  or  black,  and  not  very  ornamental. 

'St  \.  A,  GLUTiNO^sA  Gmrtu    The  glutinous,  or  common.  Alder. 

Identiflcation,    Gsrtn.,  8.  p.  54. ;  Bnc.  Fl.,  4.  p.  ISl.j,  Hook.  Lond.,  t  89.;  Scot,  S71. 
Ifynongmeg.    B6txAoM  A'lnu§  Lin. ;  B.  emarglnkta  Ekrk.  Arb.  9.;  Jinus  Rati  jjm.  442. 2  Aime, 

Fr.  ;  gemeine  Else,  or  Elser,  or  schwarts  Erie,  Qer,  \  Elsenboom,  Dfrfc*  \  Aloo,  or  teUoo, 

ItaL  ;  Allso,  or  Alamo  nigro.  Span. 
Engravings.    Eng.  Hot.,  t.  ISM.x  Hunt.  Brel.  Syl.,  940.  f. ;  the  plate  of  this  species  in  Artk  Brit., 

1st  edit.,  Tol.  tU.  ;  and  our^.  1614. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  roundish,  wedge-shaped,  wavy,  serrated,  Mutinous, 
rather  abrupt ;  downy  at  the  branching  of  the  veins  beneath.  (Snuth.)  A 
deciduous  tree.  Europe,  from  Lapland  to  Gibraltar  ;  and  Asia,  from  the 
White  Sea  to  Mount  Caucasus  ;  and  also  the  North  of  Africa.  Hd^t 
30  fl.  to  60  ft.  Flowers  brownish ;  March  and  April.  Fruit  brown ;  npe 
in  October.    Decaying  leaves  brownish  black,  or  almost  black. 

Varieties, 

It.  A.  g.  8  emargindta  Willd.  Baum.    p.  19.  —  Leaves    nearly  round^ 

wedge-shaped,  and  edged  with  light  ereen. 
t  A,  g.  3  ladnidta  Ait.,  Willd.  1.  c,  Lodd. 

Cat.  ed.  1836.   A,  g.  inclsa  Hort.    (The 

plate  of  a  fine  tree  at  Syon,  in  Arb,  Brit,, 

1st  edit.,  vol.  viL  ;  and  our  ^fig,  1512.)  ^ 

Leaves  oblong  and  pinnatifid,  with  the 

lobes  acute.    Wild  in  the  north  of  France, 

particularly  in  Normandy,  and  in  the  woods 

of  Montmorency  near  raris. 
f  A.  g.  4  querci/oua  Willd.  1.    c. — Leaves 

sinuated,  with  the  lobes  obtuse, 
¥  A.  ^.  5  oxyacantkcefolia.    A,  oxyacanthae- 

f5lia   Lodd,   Cat,  ed.  1836.        (Our  fig. 

1513.)  — >  Leaves    sinuated  ana  lobed  ; 

smaller  than  those  of  the  preceding  va^ 

riety,  and  somewhat  resembling  those  of 

the  common  hawthorn.  ,34,^   1  ■  Tiiiaftu 


LXIX.    SETULA^CES:   ^LNUS. 

t  A.  g.  6  maerocdrpa.     A,  macrodirpa  Lodd.   Cat. 
1B36. — Leaves  and  fruit  rather  larger  than  those 
of  the  species,  and  the  tree  ii  also  of  somewhat 
Inorc  vigorous  growth. 
t  A.g.^  fo&  variegdtii  Hort.  —  Leaves  variegated. 
Other  Fnrietiri.     The  following  names  are  applied  to  ^ 

planta  in  the  collectioa  of  Messrs,  Loddiges  :  A.  nigra, 

A.  ribra,  a  native  of  the  Island  of  Sitcba,  A.  plkiUa,  and 

A.  mufu/iita. 

The  alder,  m  a  wild  state,  is  seldom  seen  hi^er  than  40 
or  50  feet ;  but,  in  good  soil  nejr  water,  it  will  attain  the 
height  of  50  or  60  leet  and  upwards.  A.  g.  lucini^ta 
forms  a  handsome  pyramidal  tree,  which,  at  Syon,  has 
attained  the  height  of  63  ft.  ;  and  at  Wobum  Farni,  near 
Cherts4!;,  is  still  higher.  The  rate  of  growth  of  the  alder, 
in  a  lavoumble  soil  and  situation,  is  about  S  or  3  feet  a 
year  for  four  or  five  years ;  so  that  a  tree  10  years  planted 
will  frequently  attain  the  heuht  of  20  or  35  feel ;  and  at 
60  years  the  tree  U  supposed  to  have  arrived  at  malurily,  ^ 
llie  roots  are  creeinng;  and  sometimes,  but  rarelv,  they 
throw  up  suckers.  The  tree  does  not  associate  well  with  others,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  ash  (Sandnl.') ;  but  its  shade  and  fallen  leaves  arenot  itijuriou!! 
to  grass.  Near  water  it  retains  its  leaves 
longer  than  any  other  British  deciduc 
tree.  The  wood,  though  soil,  is  of  great 
durability  in  water.  It  weighs,  when  grecu, 
OS  lb.  6  oz.  :  half-dry,  46  lb.  8  oz.  ;  and 
quite  diy,  39  lb.  4  oz.,  per  culnc  foot  j  thus 
losing  above  a  third  of  its  weight  by  drying, 
while  it  shrinks  about  a  twelnh  part  of  it~ 
bulk.  In  the  Dictiottnarn  da  Eaax  i 
ForiU,  the  wood  is  siiid  to  be  unchange- 
able either  in  water  or  earth.  It  is  used 
for  all  the  various  purposes  to  which  soft 
homogeneous  woods  are  generally  applied  ; 
via.  for  turnery,  sculpture,  and  cabinet-  ^ 
making  ;  ibr  wooden  vessels,  such  as  basins,  V  I 
plates,  and  kneading-troughs  ;  for  sabots, 
wooden  soles  to  shoes  and  pattens,  clogs 
for  women,  and  similar  purposes.  At  Culzean  Castle,  Ayrshire,  the  alder  is 
used  as  a  nurse  plant  in  situations  exposed  to  the  sea  breeze.  (See  Gard. 
Mag.  for  1B4I.) 

I^r  raising  the  alder  Irom  seeds,  the  catkins  should  be  gathered  in  dry 
weather,  as  soon  as  the  seeds  arc  matured,  and  carried  Co  a  loft,  where  they 
should  be  sitread  out  thinly.  The  proper  time  of  sowing  is  Merch  ;  and 
the  covering,  which  ought  to  be  of  very  light  soil,  should  on  no  account 
exceed  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  The  plants  from  spring-sown 
seeds  will  uttain  the  height  of  from  3 in.  to  Sin.  the  first  summer.  The 
BcccHid  year  they  will  be  double  or  treble  that  beight  ;  and  in  three  or 
four  years,  if  properly  treated,  they  will  be  5  or  6  feet  high.  The  nursery 
culture  and  after-management  in  plantations  have  nothing  peculiar  in  them  -, 
except  that,  when  full-grown  trees  are  to  be  cut  down,  it  is  advisable  to  disbark 
them  a  year  bi^ore,  that  the  wood,  which  is  very  wateiy,  may  be  thoroughly 
seasoned  1  a  practice  as  old  as  the  time  of  Evelyn.  When  alders  are  cut 
down  as  coppice-wood  in  spring,  when  the  sap  is  in  motion,  care  should 
be  taken  that  the  cuts  are  not  made  later  than  March ;  and  that  they  are  in 
a.  sloping  direction  upwards.  If,  at  this  season,  the  cuts  are  made  down- 
wards, the  section  which  remaioi  on  the  slool  will  be  so  far  fractured  as. 


"IfSS^b. 


eS4  ARBO&ETUU    ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITASNICUH. 

by  the  exudation  of  the  tap  and  the  adminioD  of  the  weather,  nc 
to  throw  up  vigorous  shoota,  and  it  wili  decaj  in  a  few  yean. 

I  2.  A.  OBLO!(aA<TA  WUld.     The  oblong-Zminnf  Alder. 
UflUtfcaffpn.     Wllld.  BpL  PL.  4.  p.  nt. ;  BHin.,  p. ».  i 

tr.DiiiiuD..  ip.nt. 

SHManwI.    ^'Iniu  fgLotalani..  ftc.SmA.  i  J.  M.  OTMO- 
TmwiL,  he.,^ma^Dlti.  td.7.:  UnfUdi*  BIh.  Orr. 

'{  md  A.  ItV  mm  i  ipKliiiMi'  Ib 
v4lD  (K  PUntn. 
^ptc.  Ckar^  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic,  wmewhat 
obCiue,  glutiaout ;  axiia 
of  the  veins  naked  on 
the  under  eiae.(fri^.)A 
large  deciduous  ihrub  or 
low  tree.  Hungary,  Aus- 
tria, and  Turkey.  Hraght 
80  ft.  to  30  ft,  Intro- 
duced in  17*9.  Flowers 
greenish  ;  March  and 
April.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe 
in  October  or  November. 
Vanett/. 

•  T  A.o.2JSSuemp. 
tieu  Ait.     A.  pii- 
liis.   I  iiiiin^iii  niila    lA>dd.   Cal.  „it,  j  ^ii^d, 

—The  leaves  are 
somewhat  narrower  than  in  the  species. 

J  3.  A.  iNCA'NA  WiiU.     The  honrj-leaeed  Alder. 
UmMutdm.     Willd.  Bp.  ,p].,  t.  p.  Ut. 
Hui,  1.  p.  SIS.  1  HSu  AiOdtiuv,  p.  ISO. 

Jf.  &clu  LI*,  atppl.  I  3.  TlrWli  Fill.    Dbv*. 
p.  780.)  nbH  Srl>,  (rmua  BiH,  tv  waliH  BlU 

SmrririmgM.     Ri}i>g  AtiWU.,  1. 11&  i  lul  our  A 

5p«^.  Char.,  ^c.     Leavea  oblong,   aeuti 
pubescent  beneath  j   axils  of  the  vein 
naked.      Stipules  tanceoUte.    (WUld.)   ' 
A  deciduous  tree.     Lapland,  Sweden,   I 
and  Prusiua ;  and  on  the  hills  in  Aus-   | 
tria,  Camiola,  the  Ukraine,  Tyrol,  and 
Switzerland ;    also  in  North  America.    ■ 
Height  50  ft.  to  TO  ft.     Introduced  in 
1780.      Flowers  greenish;  March  and 
April.     Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 
Farittiet. 

t  A.i.  S  ZacinJAi  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  — The  leaves  are  slightly  lao- 

niated.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 
t  A.  1.  3  glalica.    A.  Ela6ca  JkRiAr.  N.  Amor,  Syle. ;  fistula  incana  var, 
glauca  Ail.  -,  Bla^  Alder,  Amer.  —  The  leavea  are  dark  green  above, 
and  glaucous  beneath  ;  the  petioles  reddish.     This  is  one  of  the 
roost  beautiful  trees  of  the  genua. 
T  A.  1.  4  angvlala  Ait. —  Leaves  green  underneath,  with  the   peticJe* 

also  of  a  dark  green. 
OlAer   VantHn.      A.  americAua   Lodd.  Cat.,  and   A.  canadSnlu  Lodd. 
Cat.,  appear  to  belong  to  this  species;  but  the  plants  in  the  Hackoey  •!• 
boretum  are  so  small,  that  we  have  not  beoi  able  to  satisfy  outaelTW  that 
they  are  sufficiently  distinGt  to  constitute  even  varieties. 


Lxrx.  betula'ce«:  ^lmus.  835 

A.  iaeixta  differs  froin  the  comtnan  alder,  in  tbe  leaves  being  pointed,  in  the 
leaves  and  the  young  wood  not  being  glutinous,  IQ  their  hoary  appearance, 
and  in  the  absence  of  tufts  of  hair  in  the  axiis  of  the  nerves  of  the  leaves. 
It  forniB  a  very  handsome  tree,  will  grow  in  either  di;  or  moist  soil,  and  wet) 
deserves  a  place  in  omanientBl  plantations. 

m*.  A.  ■BBRUL*'**  Wilid.    The  saw- 
Icaeed  Alder. 

Stilt.,  i.  p.  StS. ;  Mkhi'  N.  Anw.  'sjLi  i  p.  111. 
SuHMfmH.  Mtul*  HTiiiUu  Ait,  a>n.  JTw.  1. 
V.&.:  B.nu4u  BJir*.  Br&v.  S.  p.  11. <  t  J. 
■meiialu  LoM  Cat.  «l.  1MK ;  ?  A.  aaaMntlt 
IjkM.  Cat.  ISaSi    COODOl  Atdar,  Anur.  (   Hu«l- 

Eiuramtm.    Wng.  Ama..  I.  39.  f.  «l. ;  lllchi.  M. 
Alder.  Syl-t  t,  T&  f.  1- ;  juhI  our  Jig,  m&  from  a 

llTlpg  fpvetlHB. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  obovate,  acu- 
minate; veins  end  their  axili  hairy  on 
the  under  side.  Stipules  eLiptic,  ob- 
tuse. {Wm.)  A  deciduoui  shrub. 
North  America,  in  Bwamps  and  on 
river  sides.  Hei^t  6  ft.  to  10  ft. 
Introduced  in  1769.  Flowers  greenish; 
March  and  April.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe 
in  October  or  November. 
Its  leaves  are  of  a  beautiful  green, 

aboul  8  in.  long  j  oval,  distinctly  liirrowed 

<in  tbe  surface,  and  doubly  denticulated 

at  tbe  edge.     The  wood,  when  cut  into, 

is  white  1  but  like  that  of  aU  the  alders, 

it  becomes  reddish  when  it  comes  in  con-  __u», 

tact  with  the  air.  '*"■  '■-"•"^ 


lvie*ipmtM.  MluU  criiw  AU.  BoTl.  Ktte.  S.  p.  m. ;  B.  A1aa% 
•u.  ciiipa  Mfokr.  FL  Bur.  Amtr.  1.  p-  181. ;  A.  rr(>p*  Punk 
n  Amrr.  Stpt.  1.  p.  Sn,  V.  Dm  Ham.  1.  P.  IIS. 

£wra>r>w.      Our  JIf.    ISIS,  from    >    ipaclineD    hi    the   BilUih 

Spec.  Char.,  4^,  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  rounded 
at  the  base  ;  petiolea  and  vems  hairy  on  the 
under  side ;  axils  of  the  veins  naked  ;  stipules 
ovate-oblons.  (Willd.')  A  deciduous  shrub. 
Canada,  and  on  high  mountains  in  sphagnoiiB 
swamps  in  Pennsylvania.  Hdgbt  ?  10  It.  to 
15ft.  Introduced  in  1782.  Flowers  greenish; 
March  and  April.  Fruit  brown  j  ripe  in  October, 

oaniFOLiA  LoM.    The  heart-leaved  Alder. 

vrr  Prot.  U*.  HiMt  Dmd.  a.  IM. 

im.  i  Ifat  plus  of  thli  ipKlH  in  Alb.  BHU  Id  odU.  lol.  ill.  i  iind  am 

Spec.  Char.,  4«.  Leaves  heart-shaped,  Bciiminate,  dark  green  and  shining 
(IVnore.)  A  tree  of  similar  magnitude  to  the  common  alder.  Cahibria 
and  Naples,  in  woods.  Height  l&ft.  to  20  ft.  Introducetl  in  IPEO. 
Flowers  menish  brown  ;  March  and  April,  before  the  dcvelopcmcnt  of  the 
leaves.  Fruit  brown ;  ripe  In  October. 
3h  S 


'XTSr- ' 


ARBORETUM  ET    FRUTICETCH    BRITAKNICUH. 


shining  leaves.  <Ji  ,  .  .  „  .      ,         , 

Boil.and  it  one  of  the  most  intereeting  ornameiital  (reea  that  haTeoflue  yean 
beer  introduced.  It  is  a  roost  distinct  apedes  ;  and,  tbough  a  natiTe  of  th 
.    :•  !=  „.»r„.i„  v. — iy_     It  ripens  seeds  m  the  climate  i 

IS  common  u  A.  glutindsa. 

The  green  Jeaoerf  Alder. 


alMi/,tlw 


Kntrniitgi.    uind.  B 


Spfc.  Char.,  cje.  Leaves  ovate, 
doubly  serrated,  clabrous.  Pe- 
duncle* of  the  female  catkins 
branched.  Scales  of  the  stro- 
Inies  having  equal  lobes,  trun- 
cate-nerved. (WiUd.)  A  large 
deciduous  shrub,  or  lov  bushy 
tree.  Hungary,  Styria,  and 
Caiinlhia,  on  hirii  mountuns  ; 
and  Oerinany,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood ofSaltiburg.  Height 
aft.  to  6ft,  Intr^uced  in 
1B20.  Flowers  greenish  brown; 
March  and  AprU.  Fruit  brown ; 
ripe  in  August. 

This  plant  is  conndered  by 
many  botanists  as  intermediate 
between  the  elders  and  the  tnrches. 
It  agrees  with  the  alders,  in  hav- 
ing the  peduncles  of  the  female 
cukins  ramose;  and  in  general 
appearance  it  resembles  the  .^nus  incina 
to  the  birches,  by  the  parts  of  its  fmctifia 
number  of '' 


Lxix.  betvla'^csje:  ^tula.  €37 

OtAer  Speeiet  oj  A'laat,     A.  barbdla  Mejer  (our 

Jig.  1582.),     A,  obtusirdlia  Soyle,  is  very  abundant 

on    the     banks    of  the    Jumna    and    Tonce.     A. 

elongdia  Royle  occurs  in  CoEhmere  ;   end  A.  ne- 

palSuis  WaU.  (PI.  As.  Rar.  t.  131.)  on  the  moun- 

teiat      surrounding 

'  the      TBllej      from  , 

which  it  WBi  named.  i 

(/tfuif.  p.  341.)     It 

appean      probable, 

^  that  A.  nepol^nsii,  a 

tree  from  30  ft.  to 

loft  high, may  prove 

■ufficiently  hanly  to 

bear  the  climate  of 

IiOndon.    A.  lubcor- 

ddla  Meyer  (our^. 

1583.)     was    raued 

from   eeeda   in    the 

ist%   '  *-.**"  fiinmng^iam        B<^  ^^   i  ■inwan 

tanic     Garden      in 

1838  ;  and  A.JoniUemu  in  the  Horticultural  Sodet^'s  Garden  in  1830. 

A.  ocunuiui/a  Humb,  et  Bonpl.  (M£m.  MuB.ToI.xiv.  p. 464.  1 82. ;  our^. 
152^.)  baa  the  leaves  ovate,  or  ovate-oblong,  acumioate,  roundish  at  the  Irase, 
doubly  serrated,  gUbrous  above;   the 
veins  downy  beneath.     Panicle  naked. 
Female  catkins  terminal.  (Mirb.)    A 
tree.      Peru.      Leaves  3  in.    to  6  in. 
.  long,  and  Ijin.  to  3io.  broad. 
A.  eattaofif^ 
Ba  Mirfa.  (M£m. 
Mus.  vol.  xiv.  t.  \ 
EI.;andour^.    < 
15S5.)  iia«  the 
leaves     oblong* 
elliptic,      blunt, 
repand,    or  ob- 
long- lanceolate, 

glabrous  above; 
the  axils  of  the  veina  downy  beneatli,  panicle  leafy  at  the 
base.  Male  catkins  leafy,  erect.  (3fM.)  A  tree.  Tarma  ,-n.j^iiii 

in  Peru,  Leaves  3  in.  to  5  in.  long,  and  10  lin.  to  15  lin. 

broad.  Stipules  imBll,  glabrous,  membranaceous,  linear-lanceolate.  Male 
catkins  1  iu.  to  3  in.  long,  more  slender  than  in  A.  glutindsa,  and  4  or  S  in 
a  panicle.  Female  catkins  about  8  in.  lon^  4  or  d  on  a  common  pedicel. 
( Jfim.  Mui.^  xiv.  4M.) 

Genus  II. 


SffiD 


838 


ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


beat ;  from  the  fasces  of  the  Roroaa  lictors,  which  were  always  made  of  birch  rods,  being  ued  to 
drive  badi  the  people.    Pltny  derives  the  name  from  bihtmen* 

Gen.  Char,,  Sfc,  Barren  fiouferu  Catkins  cylindricaly  lax,  imbricated  all 
round  with  ternate  concave  scales  the  middle  one  largest,  ovate.  CoroUa 
none.  Filaments  10  to  12,  shorter  than  the  middle  scale,  to  which  they 
are  attached.  Anthers  roundish,  2-lobed. — Fertile  flowers.  Catkins  sindlar, 
but  more  dense ;  scales  horizontal,  peltate,  dilated  outwards,  3>lobed,  3- 
flowered.  Corolla  none.  Germen  compressed.  Styles  2.  iSS%ma  simple. 
Nut  oblong,  deciduous,  winged  at  each  side.  ((?.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate, stipulate,  deciduous;  serrated  or  entire.  Fhwerg 
whitish,  in  pendulous  catkins.  —  Threes  or  shrubs,  deciduous,  with  round 
slender  branches,  and  the  bark  in  most  species  in  thin  membranous  layers. 
Natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

The  species  are  generally  found  in  mountainous  rocky  situations  in  the  middle 
of  Europe ;  but  they  grow  wild  in  plains  and  peaty  soils  in  the  northern  r^ons. 
The  common  birch  is  one  of  the  hardiest  of  known  trees  ;  and  there  are  only 
one  or  two  other  species  of  ligneous  plants  which  approach  so  near  to  the 
North  Pole.  They  all  ripen  seeds  in  the  cUmate  of  London ;  and  are  all  of  the 
easiest  culture  in  any  ordmary  soil ;  but,  being  hair-rooted,  they  do  not  grow  so 
well  in  v^  strong  clavs  ;  nor  do  plants  of  this  geniis,  when  raised  from  layers 
or  cuttings,  srow  so  freely  as  in  the  case  of  most  other  genera.  The  leaves 
of  the  birch  naving  little  succulency,  and  being  astringent  and  aromatic,  are 
very  rarely  subject  to  the  attacks  of  insects.  The  wood  of  all  the  species  is 
much  less  durable  than  the  bark.  The  leaves  of  most  of  the  species  die  off  of 
a  rich  yellow,  and  some  of  them  of  a  deep  red  or  scarlet. 

Leaves  smalL     Natives  chiefly  of  Europe. 
^  \.  B,  A^LBA  L,    The  white,  or  common.  Birch. 

Jdeni(fleaiioH.    Lin.  Sp.  Pi.,  1S98. ;  Engl.  FL,  4.  p.  16S. ;  Hook.  Br.  FI^  8d  ed.,  p.  411. 
SynonifmeM.    B.  pub€scens  Bkrh.  Jrb,  67. :  J?ttul«  Xaii  SffU'  445.;  A.  setninsis  iZ^. ;  Bonleao 

oommun,  Fr. ;  geroeioe  Birke,  Ger. ;  Bedollo,  Ital. 
Engravingf.    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  9198^ ;  and  our  J^.  152S. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  somewhat  deltoid,  unequally  serrated, 
nearly  glabrous.  (Smith.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Europe,  more  especially 
in  the  colder  regions ;  a  diminutive  shrub  in  the  extreme  north,  but  a 
tree  from  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  high  in  the  middle  regions.  Flowers  whitish ;  in 
Lapland,  in  May  ;  and  in  the  Apennines,  and  in  England,  in  February  and 
March.  Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  September  and  October.  Decaying  leaves 
rich  yellow,  scarlet,  or  reel. 

Varieties. 

%  B.  a.  2  pendula  Smith.  B.  p^ndula  Roth 
Germ.  i.  p.  405.  pt.  2.  p.  476. ;  B,  verrucosa 
Ehrh.  Arb.  96. ;  B.  p^ndulis  vlrgulis  Loes. 
Pruss.;  the  weeping  Birch. — A  well-known 
tree,  distinct  from  the  species  in  having  the 
shoots  more  slender,  smoother,  and  pendu- 
lous. (See  the  plate  of  the  young 
tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol. 
vii.) 
t  B.  a.  3  pubescens.  B.  pub^cens 
Ehrh.  Beitr.  vi.  98.  (Our  flg. 
1526.)  —  The  leaves  covered 
with  white  hairs. 
¥  B.  a.  4  p6ntica.   B.  p<$ntica  LodiL 

Cat.  ed.  1836.    (Ourflg.  1527.)    fit  \ 
— Leaves  somewhat  lai^ger  than    V  ■  y 
in  the  species,  and  the  plant  of    ^^/ 
lias.  B.  a.  puMKcns.  more  robust  gTowth.  »«7.  Ba-iHsmJc. 


LXIX.    SGTDLA^Cfif.   BSfTVLA.  839 

X  B.  o.  &  tvtiaf&Sa.  B.  uiticifdlia  Lodd.  Col. —  Leave*  deeply  Udiuated, 

serrated,  and  ham*. 
3  B.  a.  6  dalecirHca  L.  Supp.  il6.  — Leave!  almost  palmate,  with  the 

st^meiita  toothed ;  "  cut  like  those  of  hemp,"  according  to  Boic. 
l  B.  a.  7  macnc&rpa  Wilid,  —  Female  catkins  twice  aa  long  aa  those  of 

the  Boeciea. 

»  blotched  with  yellowith 

Oih^  Varietiei.  B.  dailrica  i4>pean  to  be  a  variety  off.  Alba,  stunted  from 
the  climate  in  which  it  grows  ;  and  the  same  obsErvetion  will  apply  to  B, 
aiblrica,  and  some  others,  enumerated  in  the  Catak^ue  of  Messrs.  Loddigei, 
for  1B36.   B.  ttciiea  and  B.  nigra  of  some  of  the  London  gardens  are  mere 
varieties  of  the  common  birch, and  quite  distinct  from  the  species  described 
by  botanists  under  these  names,  which  are  natives  of  America.  (Bee  Gard, 
Mag.,  vol.  xi.  p.  002. 689.)      B.  undulita,  B.  Thouinicbia,  and  B.  Fischeri 
also  appear  to  us  to  belong  to  B.  ilba ;  but  the  plants  being  exceedingly 
small,  we  are  not  able  to  determtoe  this  with  certainty. 
The  rate  of  growth  of  the  common  birch  is  considerable  when  the  tree  is 
young,  averaging  from  18  in.  to  2  ft.  a  year  for  the  first  10  years  ;  and  young 
trees  cut  down  to  the  ground  often  make  shoots  8  or  10  feet  long  in  one  season. 
The  duradoQ  is  not  greet,  the  tree  attaining  maturity,  in  good  soils,  in  from 
forty  to  fifty  years ;  but,  according  to  Hartig,  seldom  lasting  in  health  till  it  at- 
tains a  hundred  years.     The  wood  is  white,  shaded  with  red;  of  a  medium 
durability  in  temperate  climates,  but  lasting  a  long  time  when  it  is  grown  in  the 
extreme  north.      The  grain  of  the  wood  is  intermediate  between  coarse  and 
fine.    It  is  easily  worked  while  green  ;  but  it  chips  under  the  tool  when  dry. 
It  weighs,  when  green,  651b.  6  oi.;  half-dry,  S6  lb.  6oz. ;  and  dry,  45  lb,  I  as. 
Though  the  birrh  may  be  propagated  by  layers  and  even  bv  cuttings,  yet 
plants  are  not  readily  produced  otherwise  than  by  seed;  and  tnose  of  certun 
varieties,  which  are  jirooured  from  layers  or  by  inarching,  never  appear  to 
grow  with  the  same  vigour  as  seedlings.     Birch  seed  ripens  in  September  and 
October,  end  may  be  either  gathered  and  sown  immediately,  or  preserved  in 
a  dry  loft,  and  sown  in  spring.     Sang  directs  particular  attention  to  be  paid 
to  fathering  the  seeds  only  from  weeping  trees  j 
and  this  we  know  to  be  the  directions  given  to 
the  collectors  employed  b^  the  nurserymen  in 
the  north  of  Scotland.     K  the  seeds  are  to  be  / 
sown  immediately,  the  catkins  may  be  gathered 
wet ;    but,   if  they  are  to  be  kept  till  spring, 
they  ou^t  not  to   be  gathered   except  when 
quite  dry ;  and  every  day's  gathering  should  be 
carried  to  a  dry  loft  and  spread  out  thinly,  as 
they  are  very  apt  to  best  when  kept  in  sacks 
or  laid  up  in  heaps.     The  seeds  should  be  sown 
in  very  fine  light,  rich  soil,  in  beds  of  the  usual 
width,   and  very  slightly   covered.      Botitcher 
says ;  — "  Sow  the  seeds  and  clap  them  into  the 
ground  with  the  back  of  the  spede,  without  eny 
earth  spread  over  them,  and  throw  e  little  peas 
haulm  over  the  beds  for  three  or  four  weeks,  till 
the  seeda  begin  to  vegetate.     The  peas  baulm 
will  keep  the  ground  moist,  exclude  frost,  and 
prevent  the  birds  from  destroying  the  seeds."  .,.  .- 

(Treat,  on  Forest  Tnxi,  p.  113.)  "  It  is  scarcely  "•»■  »■*"■ 

possible,"  Seng  observes,  "  to  cover  birch  seeJs  too  little,  if  they  be  covered 
at  all."  The  plants,  if  sown  in  autumn,  will  come  up  in  the  March  or  April 
following.  It  sown  in  spring,  they  will  come  up  in  May  or  June  t  which,  in 
very  coU  climates,  is  a  preferable  aeason.  If  any  danger  is  app[«hended 
3h  4 


840 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUH 


{rom  uioUlure  in  the  wnl  during  winter,  the  HUeys  between  the  beds  may  be 

(leepenul,  so  oa  to  act  as  drains.     In  the  nureery  lines,  the  plants  rMpiire 

veiy  little  pruning,  and  their  slter-care,  when  in  plantations,  is  equally  ample. 

■  T  8.  5.(?  A.)  dau'kici  PaU.     The  Daurian  Bircb. 

I.  Hm.,1.  p.eD.1  wuu.  3p.  n.,<.  p-ta.-.V.Dm 


SlbStelft-, 


Spec.  Char.,  ^e.      Leaves  OTste,  narrow  at   the  hwe, 

Siite  entire,  unequally  dentate,  gbdirous.  Scale*  tif 
e  strobiles  ciliated  on  their  mai^ns  ;  side  lobea 
roundish.  (WUId.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Diiuria,  and 
part  of  Asiatic  Siberia ;  but  not  in  European  Siberia, 
nor  in  Russia.  Heiriit  80  ft.  to  30  ft.  Introduced 
1 796.  Catkins  whitish  brown,  tar^ger  than  those  of  the 
common  birch  ;  February  and  Hart^,  Fruit  brown; 
ripe  September.     Decaying  leaves  red  or  yellow. 

VarKly. 

•  1  B.  (?  A.)  d.Sparti/SSa  Hayne  Dend.  p.  iS7.— 
Leaves  anialler  than  those  of  the  qiedea. 


I  3.  B.(?^.)FRUTico"8A  PaU,  Theshruhby  Birch. 


spec.  C/iar.,  ^c.  Leaves  roundish-ovate,  nearly 
equally  Semite,  glabrous.  Female  catkins  oblong, 
(Wiiid.)  A  deciduous  slirub.  Eastern  Siberia, 
Germaiiy,  and  Canada.  Height  5  ft  to  6  fl.  in 
moist  situations,  but  much  higher  on  mouutiuns. 
Introduced  in  IBIS.  Catkins  whitish  brown  ; 
February  and  March.  Fruit  brown  j  ripe  in 
October  or  November. 


1     V( 


Engrawimfi.    Jacq.  Uort.  Vlnd..  t.  lU.  i  DsD 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branches  pu- 
bescent, without  dots.  Leaves 
roundish  ovate,  on  Ions  foot- 
stulks,  densely  clothed   with 
hairs  on   the  under   surface,  f 
Female    catkins     cylindrical.  ^ 
(Wm.)     A  deciduous  shruh. 
Canada,  in  bogs,  and  on  high 
mountains  in   New  York  and 
Pennsylvania.      Height    2  fL 
toSfi.     Introduced  in   1768. 
Catkins   whillsh ;    Muy    and   ' 
June.    Fruit  brown. 
The  root  is  red,  and  is  used 

for  veneering  and  inlaying. 


liintifiatlkm.    Lia.  8p,  PJ,  IKH, ;  Enf.  Fl.,  1 


LXix.  betula'ce a; :  be'tula. 


"T^r-  ■ 


I.  (.  1.  {  Eng.  BM..  L  »»  ;  ud  sur  Jb.  lUI. 

Spec.  Char.,  i/c.  Leaves  orbicular,  crenate,  reticulated  wilb 
veins  beneath.  A  ifanib,  wilh  Dumerous  braochea,  slightly 
doirny  when  young,  and  beset  with  numerous,  little, 
round,  fim),  smooth,  sharply  crenBted  leaves,  beaulifuliy 
reticulated  with  veins,  especially  beneath ;  and  fiimbhed 
with  lihort  footstalks,  having  a  pair  of  Ivown  lanceolate 
stipules  at  their  base.  Catkins  erect,  stalked,  cylindrical, 
obtuse ;  the  barren  ones  luterd,  and  the  fertile  ones  ter- 
minal.  Scales  of  the  latter  3-lobed,  3-flowered,  permanent. 
Stigmaa  red.  (^Smith.')  A  biuhy  deciduous  shrub.  Lapland, 
Sweden,  Russia,  and  Scotland,  in  Europe,  and  Hudson's 
Bay,  and  odicr  parts  of  Canada,  la  America ;  on  moun- 
tains, but  almost  always  in  boggy  places.  Height  8  ft. 
to  3  iV. ;  in  British  gardeo*  6  ft.  to  6  ft.  Catkins  whitish 
green ;  April  aud  aUy.     Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  October,  un. 

ranett). 

tt.  B.  n.  8  itrkta  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1B36,  is  somewhat  more  erect 
then  the  species. 


«.  6.  B.  (?  N.) 


t  Michx.     The  glandular-inmcAeJ  Birch. 


Jl  ipednurn  Id  tbg   BHtiib 


^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Branches  beset  with  glandular 
dots,  glabrous.  Leaves  obovate,  serrate,  quite 
entire  at  the  base,  glabrous,  almost  sessile. 
Female  catkins  oblong ;  scales  half  3-cleft. 
Seeds  round,  with  narrow  margins.  {fVilld.)  A 
handsome  little  deciduous  shrub.  Canada,  u>out 
Hudson's  Buy  ;  and  on  the  borders  of  kUies  on 
tlie  lugh  mountains  of  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl* 
vaois.  Height  2  ft.  Introduced  7. 
Corre^KHids  in  America  with  the  B.  nana  of 
Europe,  and  probablv  oolv  a  variety  of  that  spe- 
cies.   Catkins  whitish ;  May. 


LtttPt*  large.     Naiaei  of  JfoHh  America. 


Anwt.  ^1.,  Tol.  9.  p.  97. 


Ia£*r4.  SMtS.p.3S.|  B.li 


Spec.  Char.,/^e,  Lesves  deltoid,  much  acuminated,  uneijuallv  serrated,  quite 
smooth.  Scales  of  the  strobiles  having  ruundxsh  side  lobes.  Petioles 
glabrous.  (fVilld.)  A  tree,  in  every  respect  ctoselj  resembhng  fi.  ilba, 
but  growing  with  less  vigour,  and  not  attaining  so  large  a  size  as  that  spe- 
cies. Caiuida  to  Pennsylvania,  in  barren  rocky  woods.  Introduced  in 
1750.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  April  and  Hay. 
rarieliei. 

T  B.   p.  S  lacimala.    B.  laciniata  Lodd.  Cat,  ed.  163S.  —  Leaves  large, 

shming,  and  deeply  cut. 
X  B.  p.  3  pindula.     S.  pendulu  Lodd.  Cal.  cd.  1836.  —  Spray  drooping, 
bJie  tJiat  of  the  weiring  variety  of  the  common  birih. 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH  BRITANNICUSf. 


veiT  soil,  brilliant  when  polished,  uld  perfectly 
white  ;  but  it  speedily  decays,  and,  in  America, 
is  employed  for  no  jiurpose,  not  even  for  fuel. 
The  twisB  are  too  brittle  for  common  brooma. 
When  the  plants  we  raised  from  seed,  they 
oiake  very  handsome  trees  ;  and,  as  seed  is 
freely  produced,  this  mode  ought  always  to  be 
adopted  ;  but  plant*  froni  layers  seldom  attain 
any  nuigiiitudc. 
V  S.  B.  paptra'cea  Ail.   The  Paper  Birch. 

I  H.  Du  Hun. 


^ 


„  ,. . b  FL  Amer.  — ,...  _.  , 

Srmimma.    B.  Hsfrlton  Midu.  Ft.  Bar.  Amcr.  1.  p.  IM.  { 
A  lutuUMHrm,;   B.  TUira  LaM.   Cat.  ad.  IWB  i  B. 

Elftrri^l.    Akhl.  N,  Amer.  Sri'.,  1.  I.  U. ',  [hn  piMU  'ol 
lEli  tna  Iq  Arti.  Bitt..  lu  cdU,,  toL  iU.  i  ud  oarjiii.  IIU. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.     Leaves  ovate,  acuminate, 
doubly  serrate ;  veins  bury  beneath  j  petiole 

Slabruus.    Female  catkins  on  lone  footstalks, 
rooping;  scales  having  the  side  lobes  short,  somewhat  orbiculate.  {Willd.) 
A  deciduous  tree.     North  America.     Height  60  A.  to  70  ft.     Introduced  in 
1750.     Flowm  greenish  whitei  May  and  June.    Fruit  brown ;   ripe  in 
October.     Decaying  leaves  greenish  yellow. 
VarieHet. 

1  "B.p.  i  fuica.   B.  fuscB  Boic.  —  Leaves  smaller  than  those  of  the  spe- 
cies, and  less  downy. 
I  B.  ■>.  3  tTich6clada  Uort.  —  Branches  extremely  hairy,  and  twigs  in 

threes  j  leaves  heart-sh^ied.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
1  B.  p,  4  plaiyph^Ua  Hort.  —  Leaves  very  broad.     Hort.  Soc,  Garden. 
The  branches  are  much  less  flexible  than  those 
of  the  common  birch,  and  are  more  ascending  in 
direction.    The  bark,  in  Canada  and  the  district 
of   Maine,  is    em- 
ployed   for    nian^  ^ 
^   puq>osea.        It     IS  n' 
placed     in      hu'ec  t 
pieces  immediately 
under  the  shiugies 


prevent  the  water 
Irom     penetrating 


penetrating 

through  it     Baa. 

keti,    boxes,    and 

portfohos  are  made 

of   it,  which    are 

soioednies  embroi- 
dered with  «lk  of 

different     colours. 
I    Divided  into  very 

thin  Eheeia,  it  forms 
substitute     for 

paper ;  and,  placed 

between  the  soles  of  the  shoes,  and  in  the  crown  of  the  hat  (as  the  bark  of 
llie  birch  of  Europe  ts  in  Lapland),  it  it  adefence  against  humidity.  But  the 
most  important  purpose  to  which  it  is  applied,  and  one  in  which  it  is  replaced 


ti 


Lxix.  BETVi.ACs.JE:  be'tula.  843 


by  the  bark  ol  oo  other  tree,  it  the  coDstruction  of  canoes.  The  pUnt 
uauall;  iLDuwn  by  the  Dame  of  if.  pnpvrBiiea,  in  the  London  aurteries,  ia  the 
£.  rubra  of  Michaux,  jun.,  the  B.  lanulota  of  Mlibaiix,  sen.,  and  our  B.  nigra. 
No.  9.  This  DiUtake  has  arisen  from  the  bark  of  B,  nigm,  even  in  trees  not 
above  1  in.  in  diameter,  separating  from  tlie  trunk,  and  rolling  up  in  very  thin 
paper-like  lauiins. 

X  0.  B.  ni'gra  L.     The  black  Birch. 

KJcWMcaUgs.  WUM.  Sp.  FJ.,  4.  p.  <M.  1  Purih  FL  Amn.  ScH.  1.  p.  631 . ;  N.  Du  Hun.,  S.  p  US. 
Snwwmri.  a.  lanulbM  Mielu.  Fl.  Bar.  dmrr.  Id.  lai.  i  f  B.  rilBxt.  idlclu.  Arli.  9.  p.  m. ;  B. 
■■tyVlii^  Ltdi.  Oa.  ed.  1S3G  :  red  BIrrfa,  Amer.  ;  B«ull  da  Cuua.  lut. 

oritditnaln  Atl>!  Brll'lilodlt!,  toI.tU.;  Mniour/lfM.  'iMT.  uii  lass. 
^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  rhomboid-ovate,  doubly  serrated,  acute  ;  pubescent 
beneath,  entire  at  the  base.     Scale*  of  the  strobiles  villose;    a^ments 
linear,   equal.    {}Viild.')      A  deciduous  tree,  with  the  bark  rising  in  very 
(hin    paper-like     laoiiDa. 
New  Jersey  to   Carolina, 
Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft.    In- 
troduced in  1736.     Flow- 
era  ereenish  white;  Hay. 
Fruit  brown ;  ripe  in  June. 
The    epidermis    is    red- 
colour.      The   petioles  are 
short      and     downy.      The 
leaves,  on  young  trees,  are 
about  3  in.  long,  and  8  in. 
broad,  of  a  light  green  on 
the     upper     surface,     and 
whitish  beneath,  though  on 
old   trees    they   are    much 
smaller ;    Ihey   We    doubly  ffyi 

denticulated    at    the    edge,  Utf 

'*"'  "'"■™  very  acuminate  at  the  aun-  ""■  a-nip". 

mit,  and  terminated  at  the  taae  in  an  acute  angle,  more  regular  than  is  seen  in 
the  leaf  of  any  other  tree.  The  female  catkins  in  America  are  5  or  G  inches  long, 
Btraigbt,  and  nearly  cylindrical;  about  London,  they  are  not  half  the  size. 


k 


.V 


1  10.  B.  kice'lsa  H.  Kew.    The  tall  I 

IdeMOcailim.         Ale 
Hort.    K«„   1,     p, 

AinW.  sm!'.  s.  p! 

Ml.  I  N.  flu  Hub., 


1.IIS.17A 


7knlgn&i 


Spec.    Char.,   ^c. 
Leavea     ovale, 
ite,  serrated ; 


QP  petioles  pubes-      |] 


than  the  pedur 


^44  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM   BEITAKSICUM. 

clea.     Scales  of  the  strobiles  having  ihe  tide  lobes  roundish   (»Tflrf.)     A 

deciduous  tree.      Nova   Scotia  to  Pennsylvania.      Hei^t  70  ft.  to  80  ft. 

Introd.lTe?.  Flowersgreenish  white;  May.  Fruit  hrownibh;npe  in  October. 

The  young  shoots  and  leaves,  al  iheir  unfolding,  are  downy.  Towards  the 
end  of  summer,  when  fully  expanded,  the  leaves  are  perfectly  smooth,  eicept 
the  petiole,  which  remains  covered  with  fine  short  hairs.  The  leaves  are  about 
31  in,  long,  and  2* in.  broad;  oval,  acuminate,  and  bordered  with  sharp 
in-Mular  teeth.  The  epidermis  U  of  a  brillinnt  golden  yeUow  ;  and  the  leavea, 
the  bark,  sod  the  young  ahoota,  have  all  aa  agreeable  taste  and  smell,  similar 
to  those  of  the  pliant  birch  (B.  Wnta),  though  they  lose  it  to  drymg.  In  it« 
fructification,  this  s[>ecies  nearly  resembles  B.  Wnta. 

I  11.  B.  lb'nta  L.    The  pliant  Birch. 

*3KTSih  S«^»^'^  ijijl^^'j^^^^  ^^^  wffi^ 

sSii^ws^'SiH'rn. ,  mLJ^.  aL  8,...  ^ ,«. :  »i  «.M  iM.. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.    Leaves  cordate^ovate, acutely  serrated,  acuminates  petiolea 

and  nerves  hairy  beneath.     Scales  of  the  strobiles  smooth,  having  the  nde 

lobes  obtuse,  ecjual,  with   prominent   veins.  (WiiW.)     A  deciduous  tree. 

Canada  to  Georgia.  Height 

60  ft.  to  70  it.  Introd.1759. 

Flowers  greenish   white; 

Hay    amf  June.      Fruit 

brown ;  ripe  in  November. 

According  to  Pursh,  this 
is  an  elegant  and  large  tree, 
the  most  interesting  of  its 
genus,  on  account  of  the 
excellence  of  its  wood.  Mi- 
chaui  strongly  recommends 
the  tree  for  ci^tivalion,  on  a 
large  scale,  in  the  north  of 
France,  in  England,  and  in 
Oennany  ;  and  to  the  lovers 
of  curious  trees,  "  as  emi- 
nently adapted,  from  the 
beauty  of  its  foliage  and  the 
agreeable  odour  of  its  flow- 
ers, to  figure  in  their  parks 
and  gardens." 

Sjieciet  o/Birch  lately  t/OToduced.  —  Id  Royle's  JUuitratioiu  several  species 
of  birch  are  mentioned  as  occupying  the  loftiest  stations  in  the  mountains 
of  Nepal,  and  other  parts  of  the  Himalayas :  B,  Bhcgp&ltra  WalL,  B.  nltida, 
B.  cjlmdrostkchya,  B.  resintfera  Riy/e,  and  B.  acuminata  WaU. 

B.  BhiMpOtIn  Wall.  The  Indian  Paper  Birch.  Leaves  oblong-acute, 
with  nearly  simple  serratures,  somewhat  heart-shaped  at  the  base;  thdr 
stalks,  veins,  and  twigs  hairy.  Female  catkins  o'ect,  cj'lindrical,  oblong. 
Bracteas  smooth,  woody,  two-parted,  blunt,  much  longer  than  the  fruit,  which 
has  narrow  wings.  A  tree,  found  on  the  Alps  of  Gurwal,  in  Kamaon,  where 
its  thin  delicate  bark  furnishes  the  masses  of  flexible  laminated  matter,  of 
rhich  great  quantities  are  brought  down  into  the  pla 
the  tubes  of  hookahs;  and  wluch  is  used  by  the  n 
paper,  for  writing  upon.  (Wall.  Plant.  At.  Bar.,  vol  ii.  p.  7.)  the  berk  of 
this  species  is  of  a  pale  cinnamon  colour.  Raised  in  the  Hort.  Soc.  Gard.  in  1840. 
B.  acummala  Wall.    Leaves   ovate   lanceolate,    sharply    serrated,    taper- 


LXX.    CORTLA^EiE.  845 

pointed,  smooth,  dotted  beneath ;  leaf-stalks  and  twigs  quite  smooth ;  ripe 
catkins  very  long,  pendulous,  cylindrical,  crowded;  the  rachis,  and  the 
bracteas,  which  are  auricled  at  the  base,  downy.  Found  on  many  of  the 
mountuns  of  Nepal,  and  in  the  great  valley  of  that  country,  following  the 
course  of  rivers.  The  flowers  and  fruit  are  produced  from  December  to 
April.  It  forms  a  very  large  and  noble  tree,  from  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  hi^h,  of  an 
oval  shape,  being  covered  with  branches  from  its  base.  The  wood  is  stated 
bv  Dr.  Wallich  to  be  greatly  esteemed  by  the  inhabitants,  who  employ  it  for 
all  sorts  of  purposes  where  strength  and  durability  are  required.  ( frail,  PL 
At.  Rar,,  t.  109.)    Doubtless  as  hardy  as  the  preceding  species. 

B.  niHda,  The  shining  Birch.  Leaves  oblong,  taper-pointed,  with  fine 
double  serratures,  the  twigs  and  leaf-stalks  hairy.  Female  catkins  pendulous, 
cylindrical,  crowded.  Bracts  three-lobed,  liainr,  with  the  lengthened  middle 
lobe  longer  than  the  fruit.    A  tree,  found  in  luunaon. 

B.  cySndrostdchya,  Leaves  oblong,  taper-pointed,  heart-shaped,  with  fine 
double  serratures  ;  twigs,  leaf-stalks,  and  vems  downy ;  female  catkins  pen- 
dulous, very  long,  cylindrical ;  fruit  deeply  two-lobed  ;  bracts  linear  lanceolate, 
blunt,  membranous,  with  two  teeth  at  the  base,  fringed  with  hairs.  A  tree, 
found  in  Kamaon.  Most  probably  hardy,  and,  like  the  preceding  species,  if 
not  already  introduced  it  will  very  soon  be  so. 


Order  LXX.     CORYLAH^EiE,  or  CUPULFFERiE, 

Obd,  Chab.  Flowers  unisexual. — Maleflowen  disposed  in  cylindrical  catkins. 
Perianth  small,  scale-formed.  FUamenU  usually  firee. — Female  flower.  Iti^ 
volucrum  various,  1-  or  many-flowered.  Perianth  man^-toothed,  adhering 
to  the  ovarium.  Ovarium  1-  or  many-celled,  contaming  many  ovula. 
Stylet  2 — 3,  or  multiplied.  Stigmat  distinct.  The  involucrum,  aHier  flores- 
cence, becoming  enlarged,  and  enclosing,  in  part  or  altogether,  the  pericarps 
which  are  either  solitary  or  many  together.  Acomtf  or  nuts,  1-ceIled,  !• 
seeded,  by  abortion.    Seed  pendulous.     Albumen  none.  (G.  Ihn,) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen;  lobed, 
serrated,  or  entire.  Flowert  in  catkins,  bracteate,  sometimes  pedunculate. — 
Large  trees,  deciduous  and  evergreen ;  natives  of  the  temperate  regions  of 
every  part  of  the  world. 

The  hardy  li£peous  genera  belonging  to  this  order  are  six,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished :  — 

QvWkcvs  Un,  Monoecious.  •—  Male  flowers  in  loose  pendulous  catkins.  Sta* 
mens  5—10.  —  Female  flowers  within  an  involucrum,  which  is  composed  of 
numerous  imbricate  scales  combined  into  a  cup,  which  at  length  surrounds 
the  acorn  at  the  base. 

J^a'ous  Toum.  Monoecious. — Male  flowers  in  dense  pendulous  catkins.  Stamens 
8.  —  Female  flowers  2,  within  a  4-Iobed  mvolucruro,  which  at  length  encloses 
the  triangular  nut  echinated  with  soft  spurs  outside. 

Casta^tea  Toum.  Polygamous.  —  Male  flowers  clustered  in  long  cylindrical 
catkins.  Stamens  5—^.  Hermaphrodite  flowers  about  3  within  an  involu- 
crum, which  is  covered  outside  with  branchy  spines,  and  at  length  encloses 
a  roundish  nut.    Stamens  12.    Stigmas  pendled. 

Ca^rpinus  Towm.  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins 
having  the  scales  ciliated  at  their  bases.  Stamens  8—14. — Female  flowers 
in  loose  strobiles  or  cones,  each  composed  of  a  3-Iobed,  2-flowered,  scale- 
formed  involucrum.     Stigmas  2.    Nut  bony  at  the  base  of  the  scale. 

O^sTRYA  Michx.  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins, 
each  flower  consisting  of  a  scale  and  a  branched  filament.  —  Female  flowers 
in  strobiles,  each  composed  of  a  scale-formed  imbricated  involucrum. 
Stigmas  2.     Nut  bony,  at  the  base  of  the  scale. 

Co'rylus  lAn,  Monoecious.  —  Male  flowers  in  long  cylindrical  catkins,  which 
are  composed  of  3-lobed  deltoid  scaJes.    Stamens  8.    Anthers  1 -celled.*— 


846 


ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETOM   BRITANNICUM. 


Female  flowers  numerous,  endosed  in  a  scaly  bucL    Kut  oYal,  smooth,  at 
length  surrounded  by  a  lacerated  involucrum. 

Gemus  I. 


m 


QUEllCUS  L.  The  Oak.    Lin.  SyH.  MonoeVia  Poly&ndria. 

Jdentiflcaiiom.    Lin.  Geo.,  495. ;  Juu.,  410. :  Fl.  Br.,  lOSft. ;  Toura.,  t.  849. ;  Lam.,  t.  979. 
Sjfnonytnes.    FXex  Tbtmi.  |5bber  Toum. ;  Derw,  Celtic ;  Aaack,  or  Ac,  &uon;  Al,  Alon,  or  Allan, 

Hebrew  \  Dnn,  Greek ;  Chtoe,  Pr. ;  Biche,  Qer. ;  Bik,  DtOek ;  Querela,  ItaL  \  Enciiia,  Spam- 
Derivation,    Vrom  juer,  fine,  and  ciia,  a  tree,  CeMc,  accordinc  to  LepoUeCier :  bat,  aoooituiig  to 

othen,  from  the  Greek  word  ckoiro$,  a  pig ;  becauie  fdgt  feed  on  tlie  aooras.    The  Odtle 


fisr  this  tree  (Derw)  is  said  to  be  the  root  of  the  word  Dmid  (that  is,  priest  of  the  oak),  and  oi  the 
Greek  name  Drus .    The  Hebrew  name  for  the  oak  (  Al,  or  Alon)  ia  lald  to  be  the  origin  of  the  old 


English  word  Uan  (originally  slgniOringan  oak  grore,  or  place  of  worship  of  the  dniida.  and  after- 
wards, bjr  implication,  a  town  or  parisb)f  and  also  of  the  Irish  words  cktm  and  dttm.  In  the  Book 
Isaiah,  xilv.  14.,  idols  are  said  to  be  made  of  AUun,  or  Alon ;  that  Is,  of  oak.  {Lowik's  IV— ■■) 


Gen,  Char»^  ^c.  Flowers  unisexual.  —  Males  disposed  in  long,  slender,  pen- 
dulous catkins,  in  groups.  Each  flower  consists  of  8  or  more  stamens^ 
and  these  are  attended  by  6 — 8  bracteas,  that  are  coherent  at  the 
base,  and  resemble  a  6 — 8-parted  calyx. — Female  flowers  erect  on  ax- 
illary peduncles,  a  few  upon  a  peduncle.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  pistil, 
whose  ovary,  and  the  basal  part  of  whose  style,  are  invested  with  an 
adnate  calyx  toothed  at  the  tip.  Sl^le  short.  Stigma  3-lobed.  Fhai  an 
acorn ;  its  lower  part  having  an  imbricate  cup.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  siinple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  evergreen ;  entire,  serrated, 
or  lobed.  Flowers  greenish  white.  —  Trees,  chiefly  large  and  deciduous  ,- 
natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

The  oaks,  in  point  of  usefulness  to  man,  are  only  to  be  equalled  by  the 
pine  and  fir  tribe.  The  latter  may  be  considered  the  domestic,  and  the 
former  the  defensive,  trees  of  civilised  society.  The  oak  is  never  found  in 
perfection,  except  in  a  good  soil,  and  in  a  temperate  climate.  Like  almost 
all  other  plants,  it  will  thrive  in  a  deep  sandy  loam  or  in  ve^table  soil,  but 
to  attain  its  full  size,  and  to  bring  its  timber  to  perfection,  it  reouires  a  soil 
more  or  less  alluvial  or  loamy ;  and  the  European  oaks  are  always  most 
luxuriant,  and  produce  the  best  timber,  on  a  soil  somewhat  calcareous.  No 
oak,  in  the  temperate  climates,  is  found  of  a  large  size  at  a  great  elevation 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  or  where  the  climate  is  very  severe  in  spring.  In 
the  Himalavas,  and  in  Mexico,  oaks  are  found  of  large  size  on  mountains ;  but 
then  the  climate,  naturally  hot,  is  only  rendered  temperate  by  elevation.  All 
oaks  whatever  are  impatient  of  spring  frosts.  The  wood  of  most  of  the 
species  of  oaks  is,  comparatively  with  that  of  other  trees,  hard,  compact, 
heavy,  tough,  and  durable ;  and,  in  most,  the  entire  plant,  and  more  espe- 
cially the  bark,  leaves,  and  fruit,  abound  in  astringent  matter  and  in  tannin. 
The  wood  of  the  larger-crowing  European  kinds,  and  more  especialljr  of 
the  group  J?6bur,  is  considered  superior  to  all  other  European  or  American 
woods  for  ship-building.  The  wood  of  Q.  61ba,  and  that  of  Q,  virens,  are 
roost  esteemed  for  the  same  object  in  America.  The  wood  of  the  group  06rris  is 
also  employed  in  ship-building  in  Turkey  and  Greece.  The  oak  is  geiYcrally 
propagated  by  seeJ,  and  time  will  be  gained  by  sowing  acorns  where  the 
plants  are  intended  finally  to  remain.  Varieties  are  propa^ted  by  inarching 
or  whip>grafting,  the  latter  being  performed  close  to  the  surface  of  the  ground 
on  the  collar  of  the  plant ;  and  the  eraft  afterwards  earthed  up.  All  the 
American  deciduous  oaks  may  be  grnfted  on  Q.  Cerris,  and  all  the  evei^green 
oaks,  both  European  and  American,  on  Q.  Tlex.  The  mode  of  raising  oaks 
from  the  acorn  is  the  same  in  all  the  species.  The  acorns  need  not  be 
gathered  fit>m  the  tree,  but  may  be  collected  from  the  ground  immediately 
after  they  have  dropped ;  and,  as  in  the  case  of  other  tree  seeds,  they  may 
be  either  sown  then,  or  kept  till  the  following  spring.     If  they  are  to  be  kept. 


Lxx.  eoRYLA^cEis:  que'rcus.  847 

they  should  be  made  perfectly  dry  io  the  sun  ;  or  in  an  airy  shade  mixed  with 
dry  sand,  in  the  proportion  of  three  bushels  of  sand  to  one  bushel  of  acorns, 
or  with  dry  moss ;  and  then  excluded  from  the  air  and  vermin,  by  b^g  put 
into  barrels  or  boxes,  or  laid  up  in  a  cellar,  or  buried  in  heaps,  and  covered 
with  a  sufficient  thickness  of  earth  to  exclude  the  weather.  If  the  acorns 
are  to  be  transported  from  one  country  to  another,  the  same  mixing  with 
dry  sand  or  dry  moss,  and  exclusion  trom  the  air,  are  adopted ;  but  the 
more  certain  mode  of  retaining  the  vital  principle  in  acorns  is,  to  mix  them 
with  moist  earth,  or  with  moist  live  moss  (iSph^ignum)  :  in  either  of  the 
latter  mediums,  they  will  germinate  during  a  long  voyage ;  but  no  evil  will 
result  from  this,  provided  Uiey  are  sown  immediately  on  their  arrival.  Mlien 
acorns  are  to  be  sown  in  a  nursery,  the  soil  ought  to  be  thoroughly  prepared 
and  rendered  fine ;  and,  after  the  earth  is  drawn  off  the  beds,  or  the  drills 
opened,  tlie  acorns  may  either  be  scattered  over  the  beds,  or  alon^  the  drills, 
so  that  the  nuts  may  be  about  2  in.  apart;  and,  to  regulate  this  distance 
with  greater  certainty,  the  sand  may  be  separated  from  the  acorns  with  a 
sieve.  In  either  case,  the  acorns,  before  covering,  must  be  patted  down  with 
the  back  of  a  spade  in  the  beds,  and  with  the  back  of  a  wooden-headed 
rake  in  the  drills.  The  covering,  which  ought  to  be  of  well-broken  soil, 
should  vary  in  depth,  according  to  the  size  of  the  acorn ;  1 J  in.  being  enough 
for  those  of  the  largest  size,  such  as  those  of  the  groups  /^obur,  A^bss,  &c. ; 
and  jt  in.  for  those  of  the  smallest  size,  such  as  those  of  the  groups  /^lex, 
Pheilos,  &c.  No  mode  of  depositing  acorns  in  the  soil  can  be  worse  than 
that  of  dropping  them  in  holes  made  by  a  dibber.  The  acorn  drops  into 
the  hole,  and  becomes  wedged  by  its  sides  before  it  gets  to  the  bottom ;  and, 
if  the  upper  extremity  of  me  acorn  should  be  downwards  instead  of  upwards, 
it  can  hardly  be  expected  to  grow.  For  this  reason,  the  dibber  should  only 
be  used  in  pulverised  soils  ;  and  the  point  of  the  instrument  should  be  of  a 
diameter  greater  than  the  length  of  the  largest  acorn  which  has  to  be  dropped 
into  the  hole.  As  acorns  are  greedily  devoured  by  vermin,  and  especially  by 
land  rats  and  mice,  they  ought  to  be  sown  in  an  open  part  of  the  nursery,  not 
near  hedges,  ditches,  or  houses  ;  and  where,  whether  in  nurseries  or  in  fields 
intended  to  become  oak  woods,  much  danger  is  apprehended  from  vermin,  they 
Ought  not  to  be  sown  till  late  in  March,  so  as  to  lessen  the  period  between  the 
depositing  of  the  acorn  and  its  becoming  a  plant. 

As  all  oaks,  when  youn^,  are  remarkable  for  throwing  down  long  and  vigo- 
rous taproots,  and  producing  few  lateral  ones,  thev  ought  to  be  sown  where 
they  are  finally  to  remain,  especially  if  the  subsoil  be  good,  and  other  cir- 
cumstances not  unfavourable  ;  but,  as  this  cannot  always  foe  the  case,  it  is 
customary  among  nurserymen  to  transplant  the  oak  at  one  or  two  years' 
growth,  removing  great  part  of  the  taproot ;  some  of  them,  however,  shorten 
the  taproot  without  removing  the  plant,  by  inserting  the  spade  obliquely 
in  the  soil,  so  as  to  cut  through  the  roots,  at  fi^m  6  in.  to  8  in*  beneath 
the  surface ;  an  operation  most  conveniently  performed  when  the  oaks  are 
sown  in  drills ;  because  in  that  case  the  spade  can  first  be  inserted  all  along 
one  side  of  the  drill,  and  then  all  along  the  other.  The  French  nurserymen, 
when  acorns,  walnuts,  and  other  tree  seeds  which  send  down  very  long  tap- 
roots, are  to  be  reared  with  a  view  to  being  transplanted,  sometimes  germinate 
them  in  moist  earth,  or  in  sawdust,  placed  in  a  temperature  of  50^  or  60° ; 
and,  after  the  radicle  has  been  protruded  two  or  three  times  the  length  of  the 
acorn  or  nut,  pinch  off  its  extreme  point  before  the  seed  b  committed  to  the 
soil.  This  treatment,  which  is  applicable,  as  we  have  seen  in  the  case  of  the 
horsechestnut  (see  p.  125.),  to  most  large-seeded  trees,  has  the  efiect  of  im- 
mediately causing  tne  taproot  to  throw  out  numerous  lateral  fibres ;  which 
is  highly  favourable  for  transplantation,  though  it  is  not  so  for  the  rapid 
growth  of  the  tree  for  the  first  year  or  two  afterwards.  To  counteract  its 
effect  in  this  respect,  when  the  tree  is  planted  where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  and 
has  grown  there  two  or  three  years,  it  ought  to  be  cut  down  to  the  ground ; 
after  which  it  will  throw  up  vigorous  shoots,  and  send  down  perpendicular 


848  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUIf. 

toots ;  and  if  from  the  shoots  one  is  selected  to  form  the  future  tree^  and  the 
others  carefully  rubbed  off,  the  tree  will  advance  at  as  rapid  a  rate  as  if  it  had 
been  sown  where  it  was  intended  finally  to  remain ;  and,  in  cases  where  the 
subsoil  is  bad,  much  more  so. 

In  the  future  culture  of  the  oak,  the  trees  generally  require  side-pruning 
when  the  object  is  a  straight  clean  trunk.  As  most  of  the  spedes  grow  erect, 
the  hardier  deciduous  kinds  are  well  adapted  for  hedgerows ;  but,  as  man/ 
of  the  American  kinds  are  comparatively  tender,  they  are  most  advantageoasiy 
cultivated  in  masses.  The  group  Flex  forms  excellent  evergreen  hed^s,  and 
most  of  the  species  belonging  to  it  endure  the  sea  breeze,  'flie  Nepal  speoes, 
as  far  as  they  have  hitherto  been  introduced,  require,  even  in  the  climate  of 
London,  the  protection  of  a  wall. 

We  have  arranged  the  species  in  the  following  groups :  — 

A.  Leaves  deciduotu, 
A.  Natives  of  Europe, 

§  1.    Ro^vn,    British  Oaks,    Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated ;   dying  off  of  a 

yellowish  or  russet  brown.  Bark  rough.  Buds  ovate.  Fructification  annml. 

Cups  imbricate. 
^  ii.    Cb'rris.     Turkey  Oaks.     Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated,  or  dentated;  m 

some  varieties  sub-everfi^een  ;  always  dying  off  of  a  dirty  white.   Bark  rough. 

Buds  furnished  with  linear  stipules.    Fructification  bienntaL     Cups  echi- 

nate,  ramentaceous,  or  scaly-squarrose. 

B.  Natioes  of  North  America, 

$  iii.  A'lba.  WMte  Oaks,  Leaves  lobed  and  sinuated ;  d\ing  off  more  or 
less  shaded  with  a  violet  colour.  Bark  white,  and  scaling  off  in  thin  lamins. 
Fructification  annual.  Cup  imbricate  or  echinate.  Nut  oblong,  generally  large. 

$  iv.  PriVus.  Chestnut  Oaks,  Leaves  dentate ;  d}ing  off  of  a  dirty  white, 
or  of  a  rich  vellowish  orange.  Bark  white,  rough,  and  scaling  off  Fructifi* 
cation  annual.    Cup  imbricate.     Nut  ovate,  rawer  large. 

^  V.  Ru^BRJS.  Red  Oaks,  Leaves  lobed,  sinuated,  and  deeply  cut,  mucro- 
nated  ;  dying  off  of  a  deep  red,  scarlet,  or  purple.  Bark  blackish  ;  smooth 
or  fiuTowed,  but  never  scaly.  Fructification  biennial.  Nut  ovate,  and  with 
a  persistent  style.    Cup  imbricate,  lai^  in  proportion  to  the  nut, 

§  vi.  Ni^QRjE.  Black  Oaks,  Leaves  obtusely  and  very  slightly  lobed  ;  with 
mucros,  which  generally  drop  off  when  the  leaves  have  attained  their  fiill 
size;  leaves  dying  off  of  a  blackish  green,  or  very  dark  purplish  red,  and 
in  America  frequently  persistent.  Bark  quite  black,  smooth,  or  furrowed ; 
but  never  scaly.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate.  Nut  with  a  per- 
sistent style,  and  sometimes  marked  with  dars  lines. 

$  vii.  Phe'^llos.  Willow  Oaks,  Leaves  quite  entire  ;  d^ing  off  without 
much  change  of  colour ;  but  in  America  sometimes  persisting  during  two 
or  three  years.  Young  shoots  straight  and  wand-like.  Bark  very  snsooth, 
black,  and  never  cracked.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate  and 
shallow.     Nut  roundish  and  very  small. 

B.  Leaves  evergreen, 
A,  Natives  of  Europe. 

§  viii.  Plbx.  Holm,  or  Holly,  Oaks,  Leaves  ovate  or  oval,  entire  or  ser- 
rated, with  or  without  prickly  mucros.  Bark  smooth  and  black,  or  rough 
and  corky.  Fructification  biennial.  Cup  imbricate.  Nut  ovate;,  acumi- 
nate ;  sometimes  very  long  in  proportion  to  the  cup. 

B.  Natives  of  North  America, 

§  ix..  ViRE^NTBs.  Live  Oaks,  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate;  dentate  and  varl- 
ouslv  cut  when  young,  but  on  full-grown  trees  quite  entire.  Bark  smooth, 
black.     Fructification  biennial.    Cup  imbricate.     Nut  long. 


LXX.    CORTLit'CE^  :    QUe'rCUS.  849 

c.  Nathei  of  Nepal  and  Mexico. 
^  I.     Lana'tx.     WoolUf-ieaveil  Oaii,      Leavea  oral,   oblong,  or  liuiceolate  ; 
serrated  or  deatale  i  woolly  beneaih. 

A.  Leavet  deciduous, 

it,  Kattoet  of  Europe, 

§  i.  Rolmr.    British  Oaks. 

Sect,  Char,     Leaves   lobed   and   serrated ;  dying  off  of  a  yellowish  or  russet 

browD.    Bark  rourii.  BuJs  ovate.  Fructification  annual.  Cups  imbricate. 

—  Trees  from  30  £  to  above  100  ft.  high. 

J  I,  Q.  PBiiVHCUi.A^A  WiUd.     The  ammon,  or  peduuded,  BritUh  Oak. 

Stmomfma.  O.  MtarTtt.  Sp.  PI.  uU-.BlIt- Alt-  tSw-i  fi.  R.'p^anaHHam  Uari.  FT.  RmM. 
nS;  a.  (a^mtai  Bal/tOrrm.  I.p.  tAs.:  a  neaalMlf.  Dm  ifam.  7.  f.m.;  Q.  cum  Ionia 
p^j^^l^pyjO  ■__■.    lu.    Jin    .   n    EH.....*.  A-j»A    UiT..    a   ,   rt-*, — ._  n..j_  eij_-   nan   .   ^ .r^ 

,  ^jercU  Wmdia,  Ao/.  1  BdcIiu  roUa,  fpillh 

tltriaaUim.    Tht  Andi  ud  (itmuo  namH  •InUy  1 


I. :  U.  numou  A.  Dm  Ham.  T.  p.  ];;. ;  Q.  cum  loniD 

. Dain*.  Hia.  *.  i  ea»rcui  Fudu  am.  U9. ;  Q.  nartlil 

WUU  0>k;  Chftoa  bUtK  Stomdal,  p.  L&.  I.  S.  :  CUcw  pMoQCUlA  odi  Gnppei.  Cbtea 
Inxlls,  rr.i  SUel  Elcbc,  rHlh  Bkli^  Thai  Bkha,  Lobe  Elche,  Wild  7£hF.  (itr.  i 


Fit  ud  otmuo  namH  •linUy  Um  wfalu  oak.  ths  bnncb-rruiUiil  iMk.  th« 
Hi  oak.  Ibc  ml;  o*li  (alludlna  to  Itat  prDdiKdon  of  ttw  Iwn},  ths  riU^ 

"EnlliM..  I.  JMI.i  N.  DuHun.,?,  t.  M.<  WUld.  AbbUd.,  t.  IM.)  On  pbla of  tbli 
.  Brit.,  lit  Bclll.,  Tol.  tU.  i  ud  ourA   '»**• 

^c.  CKor.,  4^.  Leavea  on  short  footstalka,  oblong,  smooth,  dilated  upwards  ( 
sinuses  rather  acnte ;  lobes  obtuse.  Stalks  ofihe  fruit  elou^ted.  Nut 
oblong.  (fVUid.)  A  Urge  deciduous  tree.  Eun^ie  and  Britain.  Hdght 
50  ft.  to  100  ft.,  vith  Fpreading  tortuous  branches  and  s^y,  and,  when 
iingly,withaheadoftGnbroader  thanitis  high.  Flowers 
white;  April.     Nut  brown;  ripe  September. 


Farictiet,  "^ 

I  Q.  p.  e  piiiacau  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.—  Leaves  downy  beneath. 

I  Q.  s,  3  fatligidla.  Q.  fiutigi^ta  Lam. ;  Q.  pyramidilis  Uorl. ;  Chine 
Cypris,  Chioe  des  Pyren&s,  Fr.  (The  plate  of  this  tree  m  Ar&.  Bril., 
Istedit.,  vol.  vii.;  and  our  ;^.  1&43.) — A  handsome  deciduous  tree, 
resemblmg  in  general  form  the  Lombardy  poplar.  It  is  found  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Western  Pyrenees,  and  in  the  Landes  near  Bordeaux, 
though  but  sparingly,  and  frequently  comes  true  (rom  seed.  In  British 
gardens  it  grows  most  rapidly  and  vigorously  when  grafted  on  tbe 
species,  or  on  Q.  sessilifldra. 

I  Q.jp.  4  D^nrfuii.  Q.  p£ndula£o(£^.ai/.  IB36  ;  tbe  Weeping  Oak. — 
Branches  decidedly  pendulous.   The  largest  tree  of  this  variety  that 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM 


«e  know  of,  in  Englaiul,  stsnilB  io  the  park  at  Moccas  Court,  Here- 
fbrdBhire,  and  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  trees  uf  tlie 
oak  kind  in  existence.  It  generall;'  comes  true  Irom  seed.  (See 
Gard.  Mag.  vol.  xiL  p.  368.) 


Lxx.  coryla'ce-b:  we'kcus. 


851 


*  Q.  p.  3  heterofih^lla.  Q.  taliciBlia  Horl.,  Q.  Inciniatn  Lorf.  Cat..  Q.  _/"ili- 
cifolia  Wort.,  y.  Fenneasi  Holt.  (Our  j^,  1544.)  —  In  this  variety 
the  leavtrit  vary  exceedingly  in  magnitude,  in  Blmpe,  and  in  being  hn- 
ceolalc  Hnd  entire,  cut  at  the  edges,  or  deeply  luciniated. 

1  Q.  p.  6J<>/at  vaneedttt  Lodd.  Cat.  —  Leaves  variegated  with  white,  witli 
Boiue  sCreHkn  of  red.   When  finelj  grown,  a  vt-'ry  ornamental  tree. 

¥  Q.p.1  puTTiuna,  Q.  purpilrea  Z.o(M.  Cat. — Youneehoots,  and  thcToot- 
fltalkaof  theleaves,  tinged  withpurple.  Young  Te«vea,wlicn  they  first 
come  out,  almoat  entirelj'  purple,  and  very  striking.  A  tree,  which  is 
among  (he  oaks  what  the  purple  Iteech  ia  among  the  l>eecheB.  Tliere 
is  a  specimen  30  ft.  high  at  Amo's  Grove,  Southgate. 

Other  Vaneliet.  Q.  p.  Hodgtnsii,  Q.  p.  einerea,  and  Q.  p.  dulcis  are 
described  in  our  first  edition.  The  varieties  oi  British  oaks  which  might 
be  selected  from  extensive  woods  of  that  tree  are  without  end. 


Qu^rciis  pednnculata,  both  in  Britain  and  on  the  Continent,  is  generally 
Found  on  better  soil  than  Q.  Eessiliflora  ;  and  its  wood  stilits  more  eaaily,  and 
is  lighter,  than  the  wood  of  that  species.  In  France,  liie  chene-i^grappes  is 
alwaya  planted  in  preference  to  the  chene-rouvre,  where  the  soil  is  sufficiently 
good.  When  both  oulu  ure  planted  together  in  good  soil,  the  red  oak  (U. 
seasiliRora)  outgrows  the  white  oak  (ti.  pednnculata)  t  and,  when  either  oak 
grows  on  particular  descriptions  of  aoiis,  with  bad  subsoils,  the  wood  assumes 
a  brown  or  dark  colour,  and  is  ibund,  when  worked  up,  to  be  of  comparatively 
short  duration.  Hence,  a  good  deal  of  confusion  has  arisen  as  to  the  com- 
parative value  of  the  wood  of  these  two  upecieii.  For  splitting,  the  white  oak 
IS  to  be  preferred ;  and,  with  respect  to  durability,  we  b<:lieve  that  depends 
more  on  the  soil,  and  on  the  rapidity  or  slowneas  of  growth,  than  on  the 
speciea.  (See  Ari.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  p.  1731,  to  p.  1843. ;  and  Gard.  Chron.. 
vol.  i.  p.  70.) 


t  a.  Q. 


in.o'RA  Sal.     The  sessile-flowered  Oak. 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


_ _  ,      ,  rrom  Ici  b«{n^  mDn  ibuDdiiDl  on  h^LlJ  moTid  tluo  Ihe  Q-peian 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaven  on  longish  footsIaUu,  deciduoua,  obltniK,  smooth; 
■inuses  oppoiite,  mther  acute  ;  lobea  obtuse.  Fruit  aesslle.  Nut  oblong, 
^Smitk.)  LeaTCB,  when  young,  pubescent  beneath.  {WiM.)  A  la^e  decidu- 
ous tree,  readily  diatinguibhed  from  the  preceding  species,  even  at  a  distance, 
by  the  less  tufted  appearance,  and  generaJly  paler  green,  of  its  Toliage  during 
Buminer ;  and,  in  vinter,  by  its  less  tortuous  Bpiay  and  branches,  by  iU 
lighter-coloured  bark,  by  its  laiver  buds,  and  b^  lU  frequently  retaiiiiiig  tta 
leavea,  after  they  have  withered,  till  the  following  spring. 
Varittiet. 

1  Q.  t.  S  ptJiitixtu.  Q.  E.  var.  B  Smiih  Eng.  FU  vol.  it.  p.  150.  ;  Q.  po- 
b£«een«  Ifi^.  ^.  PI.  h.  p.  460.  ;  Q.  A.lanugindsum  Lot*.  Dici.i. 
p.  717. ;  the  Durmast,  Marl.  FL  Sat.  L  IS.  —  Lenrea  downy  be- 
neath.    Fruit  aeasile,  but  sometiniea  subsessile. 

I  Q.(.  SiHacrccarpa.  Q.A6buri)i»- 
crocirpuin  Sooli,  (Our  J!g. 
1546.)— Fruit  large.  Lodd. 


of  Falkenberg  by  Mr.  Booth  in  IB3S,and  introduced  in  1B37. 
J  Q.I.  5  ttuttrdtii.    Q.  P  australis  Unk  in   Sprcng.   Syil.  Quer.  No.  59.. 
and  Arh.  Brit.   1st  ediu  p.  1925.     (Our  _fig.  154«,)~  Leaves  large, 
regularly  it^cd,  and  everereen  or  siib-evergreco.      Introduced  by 
Capt.  S.  E.  Cook  (now  Widderinffton;)  in  1835,  and  possibly  a  dis- 
tinct species,  but  we  think  not.     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 
Olier  Varirtiei  are  mentioned  by  Bosc  and  some  French  authors,  and  in 
the  Gardener'i  Magaane,  vol.  xii  p. 571.,  and  Arb.  Brit.,  latedit.,  p.  IT37., 
fifteen  are  deacribin  as  having  been  found  by  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Bree  ui  War- 
wickshire, in  the  district  called  the  Forest  of  Arden. 

Qu^cus  sesailifldra  is  generally  the  only  British  oak  found  in  poor  soil ; 
for  exiunple,  on  the  high  grounds  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Thames  between 
Greenwich  and  Qravesend.  On  the  poor  soils  of  the  north  and  middle  of 
France,  it  is  the  only  oak  which  is  indigenous.  The  oaks  of  the  Bois  de 
Boulogne  are  entirely  of  this  species  \  as  are  those  in  the  woods  of  Mcudon, 
and  [faroufhout  the  whole  of  the  extensive  Forest  of  Pontainebleau.  In 
Britain  it  is  also  frequently  found  in  rich  soil,  with  or  without  Q.  pcduncu* 
Uu  ;  but  the  latter  species  is  never  (bund  indigenous  on  soils  so  poor  as  those 
in  which  Q.  Beesiliflora  is  found.     (See  our  first  edition.) 


LXX.    CORYLA  CEiE  :    QVE  RCOS. 


, . ;  ChftM-muln.  ft.  ^^' 

Smgrapnti.    SaccHidU,  Utio.  du  Cbtne,  (■  (•  *ud  I.  IV  ;  N.  Du  Hun..  T.  t.  BE.  ;  lad  tnrjlt-  1M9. 

^Dfc.  Ciar„  S/c.  Leaves  oblong,  pinnatifid  ;  stnlked  ;  downy  beoealh  ;  some- 
what  heart-ahaped  tuid  unequial  at  the  baie  ;  lobea  obtuse,  slightly  toothed. 
Fruit Htalked.  {WiUd.)  A  low  tree,  technically  deciduous,  but  retaining 
its  withered  leaves  throuBhout  the  winter,  snd  til)  they  ure  pushed  ofl'  by 
the  cxpaniling  buds  in  the  following  aununer.  Pyrenees.  Height  SO  ft.  to 
30  ft.  Introduced  in  I8SS.  Flowers  greenish  wliite  ;  May  and  June. 
Readily  known,  from  its   infancv  upwards,  from 

every  other  oak,  in  spring,  by  the  dense  coverini;  of 

woolly  down  that  is  spread  over  its  louns  leaves,  i; 

which,  on  their  first  appearance  (in  the  ctimate  uf 

London,  three  weeks  later  thaa  tboae  of  the  coin- 

mon  oak),  are  of  a  reddish  tinge.     The  leaves  are 

retained  during  the  winter,  when  they  appear  curled 

up,  and  at  the  extremities  of  the  shoots  remind  one 

of  the  carved  work  in  wood  of  the  sculptor  Gibbons. 

The  roots  run  near  the  surface,  and   throw  up  nu- 
merous suckers.     The  wood,  which  weighs  60  lb.  per  ■ 

cubic  foot,  is  of  great  hardness,  toughness,  end  dura-  y 

bility,  but  apt  to  warp ;  the  bark  furnishes  the  beat 

of  all  tan.      It  is  one  of  the  most   omamentul  of 

Daks,  and  being  of  small  stature  it  ought  to  find  a  u^.  g  hmum 

l>lace  in  every  collection,  instead  of  which  it  is  com- 

uiralively  rare  in  England.      Several  varieties  are  mentioned   in   the  New 

buHameL 


Italian,  Oak. 


ajHiiiiiiiiw.    pucui 

Btritiltm.    FroB  at 

butUiea-.CfFuliu 

prHtlr  Hji  la  a  Uod  of  o«lt 
J>ih™«w»    TIw  plug  of  IhLi 


AnSOnETUM    ET    PIll'TICETUM    BHITANNICUM. 


Spec.Char.,  if^.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  ainuateil,  smooth  ;  paler  iKneath,'  so;- 
roenta  bluntuh,  Bomewhul  angular  at  the  liaac.  Fruit  neari v sessile.  Calt^ 
BCHly,  hemiajihericul.  (SmUA.)  A  Jeci'luoua  In'e  of  the  miildle  size.  South 
of  Europe.  Height  20  ft,  to  30ft,  Intrxxluced  in  1739.  Flowcrufireenisli 
white  ;  Muj'.  Acoms  brown  ;  ripe  in  October, 
A  very  hamlsome  Bpecies,  quite  hurdy,  and  deserving  h  plac£  in  ev&y  col- 

lection.     There  are  large  specimens  of  it  in  Whitton  Pun. 


sinuated,  pubeircDt  beneath,  borifered  with 

obtuse  lobes,  Bomewhat  angular.      Acorns 

oval,    disposed    iilong    a    short    peduncle. 

(Lam.)     The  leavi  s  are  excrcdinyly  woolly 

beneath  ;  the  acuma  small,  almost  globular, 

and  sometimes  borne  to  the  number  of  8 

or  10  on  one  peduncle,  not  alKive  I  in,  in 

length.     The  tree  does  not  attain   a  lai^ 

size,  seldom  exceeding  the  height  of  SOIL 

Not  yet  introduced ;  out  ap|iBrently  only  a 

variety  of  Q.   £'bcuIus  ;  or  perhB|iB  even       ^^ 

iilentical  with  it.  isti.   j   .  at 

}  ii.  Cerris.      Mossy-cupped,  or  Turkey,  Oah. 

Sect.  Char.     Leaves  lobed  and  binuated,  ordentated  j  more  or  less  persistent ! 
in  some  varielii's,  sub-evergreen  or  evergreen  ;  always  dying  off  of  a  ai 
white  or  tiaper  brown,  ntvc;r  with  any  lii^e  of  red  or  yellow.    BuJs  I"  " 
nialitd  with  linear  stipules.     Fructification  generally  biennial.    Cups  ^'' 
nate.  rsmeniaccous,  or  scaly,  squarrose. 

t  6,  Q.  Cr'hbis  L,     T^wtHlter,  or  wotnf-nipped.  Oat. 
larnmrBlkm.    Lin.  Bp.  PI.,  KIR.  [  W.  Du  Hun..  7,  p.  18*  1  Hwt't  Cycl.,  No.  83-  „__,  ,„  .  a- 
Sr^m^un.    a.  (hPlu  a  mi  f.Lnm.Dia.  1,  hflS.!  It.   JMIphki'oi  Jan.  in  "^'^  at., 
hiirgundlnca,  Ac.  Bam*.  Pin.  4W.  ;  ».  CtnH  iTlnlf.  Ac,  l.<li.  Jcva.  >.   IM..  D<^-  ^'a^'m^'i 


LXX.    CORYLACEiB:    QUE'bCUS. 

Ttir  ifKitr  wpellutoD  HilIpbloDt  hu  apvlhid  W  Pilot  to  hi  a 


It  Utfi  tree  In  Arti!  Brit.,  IM  edit.,  *al.  >il. ;  ud 


Spec.  Char.,  ij'c.      Leaves   on  Tery  short 
Rtalki,   oblong   deeply    and    unequally 

C'nnatifid  ;  hairy  beneath  ;  lobes  Unceo- 
te,  acute,  Bumewhat  angular.  Stijiules 
longer  than  the  footatalkB.  CatyK  or  the 
fruit  hemispherical,  bristly.  {Smth.)  A 
large  deciduous  tree,  attaining  the  lame 


height  as  the  British  oak,  but  of  much 
more  rapid  and  vigorous  growth.  France, 
Italy,  itpain,  Austria,  and  the  Levant. 
Introduced  in  1735.  Flowers  greenish 
white ;  April.  Acorns  brown  ;  ripe  in 
October  of  the  second  vew,  and  some- 
times  in  the  autumn  of  the  first  year.  '"*■  *  ""^ 

Varieliei.  There  is  ■  great  tendency  in  this  species  to  sport ;  so  (hat 
many  varieties  may  ho  selected  from  every  bed  of  seedlings.  It  also  ap- 
pears to  hybridi^  with  facility,  espedalty  with  Q.  SiiXier ;  luid  from  this 
cross  the  numerous  race  of  varieties  known  as  the  Lucombe  or  Exeter 
oaks,  the  Fulham  oaks,  and  the  Ragnal  oaks  have  been  raised.  There  are 
also  some  varieiieB  of  Q.  Cerris  which  appear  to  owe  their  origin  to  geo- 
gTB{)hical  I'ircumslunces ;  such  as  Q.  C.  austrlaca,  and  Q.  C.  crinlu.  The 
varieties  cultivated  in  British  nurseries  may,  for  practical  purposes,  be  ar- 
ranged as  deciduous,  sub-evergreen,  and  evergreen. 

•  Fi)/iage  deciduoui. 
a.  Leaegi  jOToiatifid  or  imualed.  Cupi  of  lie  Aconu  niouy. 
*  Q.  C.  I  tmtgdnt.  y.  C.  fronddsa  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  5.  (see  fi^.  1568., 
and  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brii.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vii.)  — 
Leaves  pmnatifidly  sinuated,  and  the  cups  covered  with  noh  moss. 
Uf  this  variety  there  is  an  endless  number  of  subvarieties.  Fig. 
1558.  maybe  conaiderul  us  the  normal  form:j^.  1554.  has  the 
leaves  more  deeply  sinuated  '.,fi^.  1553.  is  from  a  specimen  ci  gnat 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANMCUM. 

beauty,  sent  ua  by  John  lliomas  Brook, 
Esq..  of  Flitwick  House  :  and  fig. 
1555.,  copied  IroDi  the  figure  nven 
io  OUviers  TravtU,  U  the  Q.  cnnlta 
var.  I  Lion.  Did.  L  p.  718,  j  Q.  Tour. 
neGSrtii  WiUd.  No.  74. ;  Q.  orientMis 
latiBtia,  &c.,  Toum.  Cor,  40.,  Voy. 
ii.  p.  172.;  Q-CtmaOkB.  Voy.  i.  p. 
8E1.,  Ens.  ed.  ii.  p.  5.  and  t.  IS., 
and  Q,  Aaliphke^  Bote  Mhn,  lur 
Ut  CStinet.  fig.  1556.  shows  poitraita 
of  three  leaves,  taken  Trom  a  Kiectmen 
'  "     "'    '         "  '  '        thered  b  the 


We  have  observed  a  Bimilar  diversity  of  appearance  in  the  leave 
of  an  old  tree  of  Q.  C^rris  in  the  grounds  a 
Buckingham  Palace. 


)  Q.  C  2  penifula  Neill  in  Lauder's  Gilpin,  vol.  i.  p.  73. — Blanches  pen- 
dulous.    The  handsomest  tree  of  this  variety  in  Britain  is  pmu- 
bly  that  at  Hackwood  Park,  40  &.  high,  from  a  spedmen  of  which 
JSg,  1557.  was  taken.     The  branches  not  only  droop  to  the  ground, 
but,  after  touching  it,  they  creep 
along  the  surface  to  some  distance, 
like   those    of   Sapiira  JspiSnica 
p£ndu1a,  p.  196. 
f  Q.  C.  Slacimdia.  (Jig.  15Sa)— There 
is  a  fine  tree  of  this  inteRr~^-- 
variety  in  Hackwood  Fh^ 


t   Q.  C.  4  vtiricgdla  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1B36.  —  Leaves  variegated. 

b.  Leave/  denlate.     Capt  of  the  Acona  brully. 
5  Q.  C.  5  auttriaca.     Q.  sustriaca  IVii/d.    No.  76. ;  Q.  CSrria  Hoil  &p,. 
520.,  a  and  p  No.   28. ;    Q.  crinitn  y  Ofrris  Lin.,  Lam.  Dkl.  i.  p. 


LXX.    CORYLA^CE«:    QUE'rCUS.  857 

718.;  Q.ci1yce  Mapidu,  &c.,  Bavh,  Pin.  480.  (The  ptate  ofthia 
tree  in  Art.  BrU,,  Ut  edit.,  vol.  viL  ;  and  our^.  1559.) — Leave*  on 
loiwub  Btalkg,  OTBte-obtong,  slightly  butcopiouelj  sinuotetl ;  downj 
ana  hoary  braieaCh ;  lobes  short,  orate,  acute,  entire.  Stipules 
shorter  than  the  footstalks.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  hembpherical,  bnstly. 


(Amti.)     Sir  J.  G.  Smith  obserres  that  this  tree  is  "  generally  mis- 
taken for  Q.  dirris,  &om  which  nothing  can  be  more  certBinly  dis- 
tinct ;'  we  ailoiit  ihdr    distinctiiesii,  but  no  one  who  has  seen  the 
two  trees  together   in  the   Horticultural  Society's  Garden  can,  we 
think,  doubt  their  bdng  only  diffid- 
ent  forms    of   the    same   species. 
Austria,  Hungary,  Camiola,  Italy, , 
and  other  parts  of  the  South   of 
Europe,    in     stony     mountmnous 

C'   :es.    Height  and  other  particu- 
as  in  the  spedes. 
3'  Q.  C.  e  njna  major.    Q.  cana  m^or 

Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1S36  (J!g.  1^0.)  ; 

the  hoary-leaved  bitter,  or  Turkey',  ^ 

Oak. — Reacmbles   Q.  aUBtrlaca  m  S 

the  form  of  its  leaves  ;   but  tbej' 

are  much  more  downy  beneath. 
*  Q.  C.  7  cana  mhor.  Q.  dm  minor  '™-  «■"■■»"«"■ 

LedJ.  Cat.  ed.  183S.— ResemblLit  the  preceding  kind,  but  has  narrower 

X  Q.  C.  S  BagTial.     Q.  lUgnal  Lodd.  Cal.  ed.   1836  ;  the  Ragnal  Oak. 
—  This  variety  has  rather  murowcr  and  more  deeply  cut  leuvcs  tlinn 


>8  ARIIORXTITH    ET   FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUM. 

Q.  C.  dlnA  mi^or  ;  but,  in  other  respects,  scarcely  diftrs  from  that 

variety, 
**  Foliage  lub-evergrcen.  Leatm  deidale.  Acorm  tali  briilfy  Capt. 
The  leaves  remain  on  the  tree  tbrou^  a  great  part  of  the  winter,  retain- 
ing their  vitality  and  greennesB.  In  mild  winters,  the  leaves  do  not 
ii^gin  to  drop  till  March  or  April  i  and,  even  in  severe  winters,  a  part  of 
them,  on  the  sheltered  side  of  the  tree,  continue  green  till  nor  the 
end  of  that  month. 


T  CJ.  C.  9  fulhamhm.  Q.  C.  dentata  Wo/..  Bmd.  BHl.  t.  93. ;  Q.  f. 
hjbrida  var.  dcnt^  £w<.  i  the  Fulham  Oak.  (Seethe  plates  oTthis 
tree  in  At6.  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  vii,  j  and  ourj%.  1561.)  —  Leaves, 
alternate,  ovate-elliptic,  lai^^y  dentated  ;  the  dents  obtuse-angular 


Lxx.  cobyla'ce*  :  cue'rcus.  859 

their  siiles  excurveil,  anU  their  vertices  shortly  mucronate.  (ffuli,) 
TTiis  is  8  fine  bronil-leaved  aulxvei^reen  variety,  of  which  tbere  is  a 
magnificent  Bpeclincn  in  the  Fulham  Nunery. 
t  Q.  C.  lO/Jo/i/o&iHort. — Leaves  broader  than  those  of  tlie  preceding 

1  Q.  C.  11  Luconibeina,  Q.  Lucombeiina  Strl.  ;  Q.  exouiends  Lcdd, 
Cat.  ed.  1838  ;  the  Lucombe  Oak,  the  everg  eeii  Turkey  Oak,  the 
Devonshire  Oak,  the  Exeter  Oak.  (See  the  plate  of  this  tree  in 
Arb.  Brit.,  1st  edit.  ;  and  our^.  1562.)  — ««»»*  by  Lucombe, 
Durseryman  at  Exeter,  from  seeds  of  the  speciea  sown  about 
1768,  and  so  closely  resembling  Q.  C.  fulhamfiuis  as  scarcely  to  be 
worth  keeping  distinct. 


This  section  consists  entirely  of  subvarie- 

ties  of  the  Lucombe  Oak,  which  differ 

froin  the  parent  in  l>eing  nearly  evergreen. 

t  Q.  C.   13  L.  critpa.    Q.    Lucombeona 

crispa  Hort. ;  the  new  Lucombe  Oak. 

(jfe.     1563.)  —  Leaves     somewhat 

curled  at  the  edges,  and  the  bail 

1   Q.  C.  13  L.  tuberoia.     Q.  L.  suberosa  ■ 

Horl.  —  Leaves     somewhat    longer 

than  in  ihe  preceding  variety,  anil  the 

bark  doubk  the  thitkness  i  that  Irom 

a  specimen  sent  us  measuring  2\n.  in 

thickness. 
*   Q,  a  U  i.  incita.    Q.  L.  ioclsa  Horl. 

—  Leaves  longer,  and  somewhat  more 

deeply  cut,  than  [hose  of  the  preced- 
ing vanetieti.  ^ 
f   Q.    C.   15   L.   dcntata.   Q.  L.  dent^ 

Horl.— A.  fine  large-leaved  evergreen 

variety,  lately   raised   in  the   Exeter  y^  ccloit^ 

Nurserv. 
1   Q.  C.  le'Aelavp/i^lla.   Q.  L.  heterophjlla /fori,  0%.  1564.)— Foliiige 

very  variable  ;  also  a  recent  production  of  the  Eieier  Nursery. 
The  Turkey  oak  is  a  frce^owing  tree,  with   streight  vigorous  branchen, 
which  take  a  much  mure  upright  direction  than  those  of  the  British  or  com- 

I      __j  i_.i.  1 1^  ._j  •"-!-fsare.  In  every  stage  of  the  tree's  growth, 

•r  of  those  of  that  species.     The  trunk 


noak  s  and  both  branches  and  twigs  are.  In  every  stage  of  the  tree's  growth, 
wholly  free  from  the  tortuous  character  of  those  of  that  species.  The  trunk 
is  also  straighter  ;  but  tlie  branches,  at  their  junction  with  it,  being  remark- 
able for  an  unuBuol  degree  of  expansion,  the  trunks  of  middle-aged  trees,  as 
it  is  observed  in  the  Diclionnaire  det  Eaux  et  Foriit,  often  appear  ^bboua. 
The  bark  is  comparatively  smooth  and  dark  when  young,  but  corky  as  it  grows 
old  ;  and  it  is  reckoned  less  liable  to  chap  and  crack  than  that  of  the  common 
oak.  The  leaves  ore  of  a  beautiful  bright  shining  green,  somewhat  plaucous  or 
hoary  beneath  ;  and  they  Vary  so  exceedingly  in  gize  and  sha^  in  different 
trees  raised  frpiii  aecd,  that  almost  everjr  individual,  if  described  from  the 
leaves  alone,  might  be  constituted  a  diHtmet  species:  (hey  have  short  foot- 
stalks, and  are  most  readily  distinguished  from  those  of  oaks  of  every  other 
section  by  their  small  buds,  and  the  numerous  linear  persistent  stipules  which 
proceed  from  them.  The  acorns  are  sessile,  or  on  very  short  footstalks  ;  and 
they  are  easily  known  by  the  bristly  or  mossy  clothiug  of  their  cups.  They 
arc  rtinarkably  bitter  and  austure  ;  a  circumstance  noticed  by  lliuy.     The 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITAJINICUM. 


British 


British  oak  ;  bul,  as  it 
is  only  about  a  century 
since  the  tree  was  in-  t 
troduced      into      this  ' 


suffident  liie  to  be  cat 

(town  for  timber,  and 

very   little   eiperience 

haa  been   obtained   on 

the  subject    The  tree 

is   one   of  very   great 

beauty,   both  in   point 

of   form    and   foliage; 

and,    being    of   great 

rapiditj  of  growth,  it 

is  equalled  bj  few  for 

ornamental  pWlationa. 

The    foliage   of   some 

varieties   is  persistent, 

like  that  of  the  beech 

and  the  hornbeam :  and 

of  others,  supposed  to 

be  hybrids,  it  is  sub-evergreen,  or  so  near  b^g  completelT  evergreen,  as  to  be 

retained  on  the  trees  till  May.     The  spcciet,  and  moat  of  the  varieties,  ripen 

acuma  in  England,  from  ttluch  plants  are  raised  with  great  facility;  but  the 

varieiien,  like  those  of  every  other  oak,  bdng  very  liable  to  sport,  can  only  be 

continu^  by  grafting  or  by  layers.     The  stocks  employed  maybe  either thooe 

of  Q.  Cerrie,  or  of  uie  common  British  ouk ;  and   the   grafting   may  be  per- 

fonned  in  the  whip  mnnner,  with  as  great  certainty  of  succesa  as  in  graAiiig 

n  fruit  trees, 

!.  Q.  ^'eiuira  L.     The  iBgUops,  or  Falonia,  Ouk. 

,  T-  p-  »t- 

.X'silopi  lim  Cdmu  rau  C  BamUm,  Stcmtali 


Lln.8p.  PI,. 


SUnamrmrt.    Q.  ordniUlli.  Ac,  7)i>nL  Cor.  Vt,  ;  .X'siloiii __„ 

fcIM  Taom.  Voj.  1.  p.  tm,  1  GUiM  Ctrrt  Daltck-  HM  I.  Ik.  I.  th*  snU  prickli-ni 
CUni  Vnlui,  FT.  ;  ChtiM  VnUnMii  Bate  i  Kddiidk  Sldl.  Gcr.  i  VOIOIka,  /«/. 

E-tratimti.  Mill.  Ic, ».  1. 11&.  I  Olli.  Tnnd.,  triy,  N.  Dn  Hum..  T.  t  tl.  (  Uw  pUM  tf  tbta 
Im  in  Alb.  Bill..  IKsdiE.,  idI.  Ttl.i  ud  DUrJlf.  ISSB. 

Spec.  Char.,  ij-c.  Leaves  ovate-obfong,  with  bristle-poinled  tooth-like  lobes; 
hoary  beneath,  Calyi  of  the  fruit  very  large,  hemispherical,  wiih  lanceo- 
late, elongated,  Bpreadine  scales.  (Snath.)  A  low  deciduous  tree.  Islands 
of  the  Archipelago,  and  throughout  all  Greece.  Hei^t  SO  ft  to  50  ft. 
Introduced  in  ITSl.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acorns  la^e,  In^wo, 
with  numerous  lanceolate  scales,  very  ornamental ;  ripe  in  October. 

I  Q.  M,  2  pirvlu/a  Hoit. — Branches  drooping. 

t  Q.  JE.  3  laiiJoHa  Hort.  —  Leaves  rather  broader  than  those  of  die 

species. 

One  of  the  most  splendid  species  of  the  genus.  Li  Bririsb  nursenea  it  is 
not  Tery_  common,  but  it  is  quite  hardy,  never  iijured  by  ftoat,  and  acorns 
may  be  imported  in  abundance  from  tiie  South  of  France.  The  cup»  and 
Bcoms  are  annually  exported  from  the  Levant  in  large  quantitiea,  md  are 
in  great  demand  for  tanning,  being  said  to  contain  more  tannin  in  a  Biren 
bulk  of  substance  than  an;  other  v^elable.    A  tree  of  this  species  at  Syon, 


Lxx,  couvLACE*:  qwb'rcos. 


though  under  30  (t.  in  height,  bears  ttcorns  aoniially  ;  which,  however,  do  not 
nlwajs  ripen, 

B,  Nalivet  of  Noiih  America. 

The  Ainerirfln  oaks  lieing  generally  propagated  in  Europe  by  acoma  im- 
ported from  America,  we  Bhall  here  give  a  comparative  view  of  tl)e  acumi  of 
some  or  the  common  kinda,     ^.  1560.  represents  acorns  of  the  tiaturel  size. 


I 


of  all  the  kinds  that  were  imported  by  Mr.  Chartwood  of  London,  s 
in  the  year  1836 ;  but,  that  year  being  unfavourable  for  the  ripening  of  acorns 
in  AmeKca,  fewer  hoT\x  were  imported  than  usual,  and  the  nuts  of  these  few 
arc  under  the  average  size.  In  this  figure,  a  is  the  acorn  of  Quercus  4lba; 
b,  ihat  of  Q.  macrocarpu,  with  the  cup  on  i  e,  that  of  Q.  obtusflobni  d,  Q. 
i'rinus  tomentosa  ;  e,  Q.  P.  pAinila ;  /,  Q.  tinctdna ;  g,  Q.  nigra ;  h,  Q. 
Hi^Uos  i  and  i,  ti.  pali'istris.    Most  sorts  of  the  American  oak  in  Messrs.  Lad- 


862  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETOM    BHITAMNICUM. 

diges'B  collectioTi  (the  most  complete  in  Eiir<^,  unless  we  except  that  of  M. 
ViliDorin,)  are  propagated  by  grsfling  on  the  common  oak,  close  to  the 
ground  ;  and  largely  earthing  up  the  grsfta  afterwRrds,  so  as  to  leave  only  the 
points  of  the  scions  exposed  to  the  uir.  This  earthing  up  not  only  prtrserves 
a  uniform  deforce  of  moixiure  round  the  grafl ;  but  the  earth  ciDpIuyed  betng 
taken  from  the  adjoining  sur&ce,  and  consequently  having  been  hested  by  (be 
Hun,  produces  an  immediate  increase  of  temperature  round  the  eraft,  which 
given  an  inipnUc  to  the  rising  sap,  and  no  itccelerates  vexctstion.  We  hail  ths 
advantage,  in  August,  1840,  of  examining  all  the  Amencsj)  oaka  in  the  Bois 
de  Boulogne,  in  company  with  H.  Hichaux,  who  sowed  the  acorns  in  1822  ; 
and  we  there  observed,  as  we  had  iireviously  done  in  the  Hacknej  ArborctuiD, 
that  much  the  most  rapid,  vi^rous,  and  erect  growing  species  was  Q.  p». 
lustris  ;  next  Q.  cocdnea,  which  resembles  Q.  paliistris,  but  wi^  leaves  on  a 
lar^r  scale  ;  then  Q.  riibra  ;  and,  next  to  that  species,  Q.  nJgr*  and  Q.  tinc- 
tdn*.  Q.  ilba  is  not  in  the  BoU  dc  Bouloane,  the  acorns,  as  M.  Wcbauz 
tofbrmed  us,  rarely  retaining  th^  vitality  during  the  time  requisite  20  years 
ago  CO  bring  them  to  Europe. 

§  iii.  A'likB.      White  American  Oakt. 
Seel.  Char,     Leaves  lobed,  and  sinuated,  not  mucronMed ;  broadest  at  the 
UMwr  extremity  ;  dying  off  more  or  less  shaded  with  a  violet  colour.     Bark 
wnite,  or  whitish  brown,  cracking  and  scaling  off  in  thin  laminas.     Fructifi- 
cation annual.     Cu|)s  imbricate  or  echinaCe.     Nut  oUong,  generally  large. 

»  8.  Q.  a'lba  Lin.     The  American  yiYtite  Oak. 

UrnlffiaUloK.     Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1114.  ;  Punh,  ?<>l.  1.  p.  S3,  i  Mkhi.  Quer..  No  1,  1. 1. 

Sfnamtmn.     U-Ulia  Tlrtlnlilni  Park.  TMrat.  AM.  ;  d.  I.  plnDlllSd*  Wall.  CaiaL  p.  UO.  Na  tO.  ( 

Eitfmi»fi.    C4t.  Csrol..  1, 1.  li.t.'a.^  Hkfas.  N.  Aihi.  3Tr,>a1.  I.'i.  I.^Uk  plot  ollliliinalu 
Aitt.  BiiL,  lit  edit.,  vol.  vLL  i  aod  ourj^-  IS09. 


culated.  Calyx  somewhat  cup-shaped,  warty,  and  flattened  at  the  base. 
Acorn  oval.  (iVUld.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  North  America.  'Height 
60  ft.  or  upwards.  Introduced  in  1784.  Fowers  greenish  white ;  April. 
Varietiei.  The  elder  Michaux  gives  the  two  following  forms  of  this  species, 
the  leaves  of  both  of  which  are  shown  io.^.  1507,  copied  from  Mrchaux's 
Hiiloire  del  ChAiet  Anthiqaet .-  — 

S  Q.  a.  I  pinnaltfida  Michx.  (Hist,  des 
Chines  Am^r.,  t.  5.  t.  1. ;  and  our/;. 
1567.  a.)  Q.  alba  Ban.  Cat.  Stirji. 
Virg.  i  Q.  virginiana  Caleih.  Carol,  i. 
p.  21.  t.  21.;  Q.  a.  paluBtris  MariA. 
"  3.  —  The  usual  form  oF 
the  species,  and  com- 
mon from  Canada  to 
''  Florida.  Fig.  1508. 
^^  is  a  sprig  and  acorn 
"^j;  of  Q.  ilba  pinnati-  a 
fida,  taken  from  Mi- 
ch aux's  A'dWi  Amcri- 


L 


id  the  acorn  with  out 
>  calyx  is  shown  iu 
,fiK-  1566.  at  a.  ism.  «.«fi».>u^ 

H  U.  n.  2  ifjiiniia  Miclix.  (Hist,  dcs  Chenes,  (.  5.  I'.  S. ;  and  our  fig. 
1567.  A.  —  Found  wild  in  the  forests  of  Carolina,  and  sometimes  oc- 
ciu'ring  in  Need-beds  of  Q.  £lbu  in  Europe.  Fig.  1569.  is  from  a  sjirig 


Lxx.  coKVLActm :  cue  rcus. 


apparently  of  this  variety,  grown  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 
Garden,  under  the  name  ol  Q.  Albe.  Id  Mean.  Loddiges's  arbo- 
retum k  an  oak  named  Q.  squarndsa,  from  a  specimen  of  which  Jtg. 
I5T0.  waa  taken.     This  tree,  which  ia  80  It.  high,  has  exactly  the 


appearance,  bark,  and  halnt  of  growth  of  Q.  ilha,  and  a*  it  onl^ 
dittera  from  it  in  the  shape  of  the  leavea,  it  is  doubtless  only  avori* 
ation  of  this  vBiiety, 
Hie  American  white  oak,  according  to  Michaux,  bears  most  resemblance  to 
Q.  pedunculita.  The  leaves,  he  says,  are  reeularlj  and  obliquely  divided  into 
iMoag  rounded  lobes,  destitute  of  points  or  bristles ;  and  the  inilentations  are 
the  deepest  in  the  most  humid  soils.  Soon  after  their  unfolding,  the  leaves 
are  reddish  above,  and  white  and  downy  beneath  ;  when  fully  grown,  they  are 
smooth,  and  of  a  light  green  on  the  upper  surface,  and  glaucous  underneath. 
In  the  autumn  they  change  to  a  bright  violet  colour.  Michaux  adds  that  this 
is  the  only  American  oak  thnt  retHina  some  of  its  withered  leaves  till  spring. 
The  acorns  are  large,  oval,  and  very  sweet ;  and  they  are  contained  in  rough, 
shallow,  greyish  cups.  They  are  borne  singly,  or  in  pairs,  on  lone  peduncles, 
attached,  aa  in  all  uie  species  with  annual  fructification,  to  the  shoots  of  the 
season.  The  bark  of  this  species  is  white  (wlience  the  name)  and  scaly  ; 
and  on  young  trees  it  appears  divided  into  squares,  but  on  old  trees  into 
plates  lateral^  attached.  The  wood  is  reddish,  somewhat  resemblii^  that  of 
the  British  oak,  but  lighter,  and  less  compact.     The  rate  of  growth  of  this 


804  AnBOnETUM  et  fruticetum  britannicum. 

tree,  in  BrilUh  gardcnH,  even  where  the  soil  is  good  and  the  aituatioD  ab«(- 
tered,  may  be  considered  aa  slower  than  that  at  the  eommoD  oalc ;  but  wfaen 
grafted  on  the  common  oak  it  grows  freely,  and  ripens  its  shoots,  so  as  »ooa 
to  form  a  handsome  tree. 

1  JUic/ti.     The  Olive-shape-ZriafAf 
Oak. 

spec.  Char.,  ^c.    Leaves  oblons.  smooth  ;  glau- 

cous   beneath  ;   deeply   ana   unequally  pin- 

natifid.       Fruit     elliptic-orale,    on     short 

footstalks.     Calyx  cu[>-«haped,  fringed,  and 

nearly  covering  the  acom.    (Midn.')      A 

deciduous   tree    on    the   Hudsoo,   and    in 

Genesee,  but  rare      Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft.  j 

and,  according  to  Michaux,  with  a  spreadmg 

head,  and  an  imposing  aspecL     Introduced 

IStl. 

The  bark  is  white  and  laminated  ;  but  the  , 
tree  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  the   form   and  < 

disposition  of  its  secondary  branches,  which  '  V 

are  slender  and  Sexible,  and  always  inclined  \ 

towards  the  earth.     The  leaves  are  of  a  light  1 

green   above,  and  whitish  beneath :   they  re-  f 

semble  those  of  the  white  oak  in  colour,  but  / 

differ  from  them  in  form  ;  being  larger,  and 
very  deeply  and  irre^larl^  lacinisted,  with 
rounded  lotws,  so  diff^^nt  in  shape,  that  it  is 

impossible  to  find  two  leaves  that  are  alilie.  „    ^   . 

In  all  probability  only  a  variety  of  Q.  filba.  i  i  .  «.  •.! 

T   10.  Q.  hackoca'rpa   WiUd.     The  large -fruited  American  Oak. 

/dflMt/teoKm.    Wmd.S|kPL.I.iu«».i  Piirrti.i.p.6».illlch;.QuCT.  lJo.1. 

Srv**™*-    Tba  onr-cup  wbIM  Oak,  Bur  Oak,  Amrr. ;  CMne  A  (lot  GUndh  Chbia  hW.  fV.  i 

EwrmV'    SUEhi.  4'uiir..'Mo.  3.  t.  9. 1. :  N.  Amo-.  S|i1..  I-  t.  *. ;  ctia  pUta  ot  tUi  tm  hi  Ar^ 
Brll..  lit  odlt,  n>L  iKi. ;  taioaT  fit  MTi. 

spec.  Char.,  l^c.  Leaves  down; 
beneath,  lyrate,  deeply  and  sinu- 
ately  lobed  ;  the  lobes  abtuse  and 


cup~shaped,  scaly,  and  IHnged 
with  brutles.  Acorns  thick  and 
ovate.  (Willd.)  A  beautiful  de- 
ciduous tree,  laden  with  dark 
tufted  foliage.  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee.  Height  60  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1800. 

The  leaves  are  larger  than  those 
of  any  other  American  oak,  being  fte- 

Suently  IS  in.  long,  and  S  in.  broad: 
ley  are  notched  near  the  summit, 
ancf  deeply   laciniated   below.     The  ij„    0,™,^™*™* 

acorns  (/g.  1566.  b),  which  are  also 

lari^r  than  those  of  any  other  American  species,  are  oval  ;  and  enclosed  for  two 
thirds  of  their  length  in  a  thick  rugged  cup,  which  is  generally  bordered  along 


Lxx.  corvla'ce*  :  qub'rcus. 


I  upper  edge  with  fine,  long,  flexible  filamenti.  The  barfc  of  the  young 
"snches  is  frequently  coTered  with  a  yellowish  corky  substance,  like  thst 
hich  is  found  on  the  liquidunbar  and  some  kinds  of  eira. 

L  Mckr.     The  bluDt-lobed-Jnroeif,  or  Poif,  Oak. 

Punh.  *.  p.  eU.  I  Htcbl,  Arb.  Am.,  1.  p.  36. 
.  p.  Ul. ;  IrDn  O^  Bai  white  Oik,  Amrlcmi  TurilVT 
b  •»  i-Ht,  an  utan  tij  the  irlld  lurkqi).  uplutd  whlu 

£i^n^^^."  Hlchi.  Qiiiir.,  Nd.  1.  t.  I.:  K.  Amer.  Sjl..  I.  t-S,;  tbt  iiliia  of  ctali  tree  Id  Arb. 
IMt„  lu.  idll.,  ToL  lU.  1  end  ootjig.  isn. 

^irc,  CAor.,  4^.     Leaves  oblong,  slightly  pubeacent  beneath,  sharplj  wedge- 
shaped  at  the  base  :  lobea  obtuse,  the  lower  ones  deeply  sinuated,  and  the 
upper  ones  dilated,  and  slightly 
bilobed.      Calyx   hemispherical. 
Fruit   otb],   and    rather    amall 

JMuAx.y  A  deciduous  tre«.  New 
eney  and  I^itadelphia,   Hei^t 
40  ft,  with  a  trunk  not  more 
than   15  in.  in   diameter.     In- 
troduced in  1819. 
The  branches  are  bent  into  el- 
bows at   certMU  distances,  which 
renders  the  tree  easily  distinguish- 
able, even  when  the  leaves  have 
lallea.     The  bark  is  thin,  and  of  a 
gre^sh   white.      The    leares    sre 
coriaceous,  and  of  a  dusky  greeo 
sboTe,  and  greyish  beneath.      In 
autumn,   tbc   ribs  assume  a  rosy 

tint,   but  never  that  purplish  red  u,f_  g.^iuriigto. 

which  is  observable  in  those  of  the 

scarlet  oak.     The  acorns  (_fig.  1566.  cj,  which  are  produced  in   abundance, 

are  amall,  oval,  and  three  parts  covered  with  a  slightly  rugged  greyish  cup. 

*   12.  Q.  lyha'ta   fVaJt.     The  lyrate,  or  over-et^.  Oak. 

tilnttiflcatllm.    Wall.  Carol.,  mSj  Funh.  «.  p.  «S1.  ;  Michl.  Qosr,,  No.  1. 1.  4. 
%»»«<«».    Swamp  Pott  Oak.  Wain  white  Oik,  Amtr. 

^ec.  Char^^c.  Leaves  subsessile,  glabrous,  lyralely  sinuated  ;  much  con- 
tracted in  the  middle,  but  dilated  at  the  summit,  and  attenuated  at  the 
base:  lobes  angular;  the  upper  part  of  the  leaf  divided  into  three  lobes, 
which  are  tricuspidsle  at  their  extrotuties.  Calyx  globula  ,  rough,  and 
almost  coveting  the  scorn.  (Micki.^  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Carolina 
and  other  southern  atatca.  Height  50  fi.  to 
80  a.     Introd.  1766. 

The  leaves  are   from   6  in.   to   6  in.   lone, 

smooth,  narrow,  lyre-shaped,  deeply  sinuated, 

and  home  on  short  ', 

petioles.  The  lobes, 

especially  the  upper  < 

ones,  are  somewnat  , 

truncated.    The.fo- 

k  liage  is  thick,  and 

I  of  a  light  agreeable 

I  tint ;  and  tlie  baril 

'  iswhite.  Theacoms 

are   broad,    round, 

and  depressed ;  and 

the  cups,  which  are 

w4.  «.iriu>.  nearly  cliMed   over  un-  t-t^m. 


866  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICSTUH  BRtTAMNICUH. 

tbein,  are  thin  and  scalj,  each  scale  being  termiaated  by  a  short  firm  point 
or  brutU.    The  largeM  American  oak  that  thrives  in  iret  ground.  (SCekr.) 

$  iv.  Pritau.     CkeUma  Oaks. 
Sect,  <^ar.,  ^c.    Leaves  dentate,  djii^  off  of  a  dirty  white  or  of  a  jellomah 
orange.     Bark  white,  rough,  and  tcalj.     Fructification  aonuaL     Ci^  im- 
bricaie.     Nut  oblong,  generallj  large. 

I  13,  Q.  Pni'NUt  L.     The  Prinus,  or  CbeHatO-Uaved,  Oak. 

UMtfilaiHn.    Lin.  Sp,  PI.,  ULI.  (  M.  Du  Hug.,  T.  f.  ■«■.  i  lUeki.  Fl.  n«r.  Am,  a.  p.  igs. 

Spec.  Char.,  i. 

toothed.     Cup  Bomewhat  scaly;  ,  ^  _.   , 

varying  in  height  from  80  ft.  to  90  ft:, ;  and  one  of  the  varietiea  a  low  slirub. 
In  the  climate  of  London  the  trees  grow  freelv,  and  promise  to  attain  a  con- 
siderabJe  size.  In  general  rorm,  they  are  as  handsotne  as  any  of  the  Ame- 
rican oaks;  but  iheir  foliage  dies  off  with  very  little  colour,  what  there  is 
being  generally  of  a  dirty  white  or  brownish. 

Vanetitt.  These  are  by  some  authors  treated  as  species;  but  they  are  so 
obvioualy  alike  in  their  leaves  and  bark  from  their  inlancv  upwards,  that 
there   does   not   remain  a  single  doubt  in  our  minds  of  tfidr  being  only 

T  Q.  P.  \pai&4tTU  Michx.   Quer.  No.  5.  t.6.     Q..  P.  paUstris  Michr. 
N,  Amer.  Sul.   i.  p.  +6,  t.  6,  (the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit., 
Istedit.,  vol,  viii.;  and  our  J^.  1576.);  Q.  A-lmis  L.  ^.  PI.  1413.; 
Q.   caataneEefdliiB,   &c.,   Pluic.   Aim.   309.  ;    the    Swamp   Chestnut 
Oak ;  the  Chestnut  wliite  Oak  i   and.  near  Philadelphia,  the  white 
Oak.  —  Leaves  on  longish   footstalks,  obovate.     Fniit  very  large. 
Cup  moderately  hollow,  diatinctly  scal^  (A.  MiiAx.)     A  large  deci- 
duous tree.     Maritime  parts  of  CaroUna  and  other  southern  states. 
Height  soft,  to  90ft.     Introd.  1730.     The  leaves  of  Q.  />,  palilstns 
are   of   a    shining    green 
above,  and   whitish    and 
somewhat    wrinkled    un- 
derneath  ;   tliey  have   ra> 
tiler  long  footstalks  ;  and 
are   finra   8  in.   to    9  in,  _ 
bng,   and  from   4  in,   to  1 
£in.  broad;  obovate,  and   ' 
terminating   in    an    acute 
point.      They   are  some- 
what  wedge-shaped,   and 
are  deeply  deutated  with 
blunt  lobe-tike  teeth  from 
^he  summit  to  the   base. 
The  ocoras  are  of  a  bright 

dear    brown,    oval,    and  ■  »■   ■?" 

larger  than  those  of  any  other  kind  of  American  oak,  except  Q,  macro- 
dirpa :  they  are  home  on  very  short  peduncles,  and  are  contained 
in  shaUow  scaly  cups. 

I  Q.  P.  8  montirota  Michx.  Quer.  No.  6.1, 7.  (our^.  1677.)  Q.P. 
montfcola  MicAx.  fl.  tf.  Amer.  Sul.  i.  p.  49.  t.  9. ;  Q.  montilna 
Wiild.  Sp.  Pi.  iv.  p.  440.  J  Q.  Prinus  Smi&  in  AlA.  Im.  of  Gtar.  ij. 
p.  163.  t.8S. ;  the  Rock  Chestnut  Oak.  —  Leaves  on  short  foot- 
stalks, rhomboid-oval.  Fruit  rather  Urge;  cup  top-shaped  and 
roiwh  ;  nut  oblong,  (.McAi.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Penasyl- 
vania  to  Virginia,  Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introd.  1800.  The  beautiful 
appearance  of  this  tree,  according  to  the  younger  Michaui,  when 


Lxx,  corylaVe«:  QuE'ncus.  867 

growing  in  a  (iertile  loil,  is 

oiriog  equallj  to  the  Bym- 

meUy   01   iu   form  and  the 

luxuriance  of  its  Tolia^.  The 

bark  on   o!d   trees  la  hard, 

tbick,  and  ileeply  furrowed ; 

and  die  ouler  bark  it  ef^uailj 

good  for  taaning  aa  the  inno' 

bark.    He  leaves  are  5  or 

e  inche*   long,   and  3  or  4 

inches  broad ;  oval ;  and  uni> 

fonnlf  dentate,  with  the  teeth 

more  regular,  but  leal  acute, 

than  those  of  a  P.pal6atris ; 

the    leaf   terminatmg    In    & 

point.     When   bt^nnijig  to  mi.  «.  f>.  mnr.oiu. 

unfold  in  Bprina,  the  leave* 

are  covered  with  a  thick  white  down,  and  thej  i^ipear  aomewhat 

wrinkled  j  but,  when  fidly  expanded,  the;  are  penectly   glabrous, 

•nooth,  and  of  a  delicate  texture.     The  petiole,  which  la  rather 

short,  ia  ^low,  aod  the  colour  becomes  brighter  and  more   con- 

Sicnoui  m  autumn.     The  acorns  are  long,  of  an  oblong-oval  ihape : 
ey  are  produced  in  pain,  on  a  short  peduncle,  and  are  enveloped 

for  about  one  third  of  their  length  in  pear-ahaped  cupa,  covered  with 

looaeacales. 
T  Q.  P.  3  aammdta  Michx.  Quer.   No. 

6.  t.  8.     (our    j%.  1579.)    Q.    P. 

acummita  Mkhx.ja.  N.  Amer.  Svl. 

i.  p.  51.  t.  10.1  Q-  C^ut&nea  WilU. 

Sp.  PI.  iv.  p.441, !  the  yeUow  Oak. 

— Leaves  on  long  footatalks  t  obtuse 

at  the  base,  sharply  serrated.     Fruit 

of  moderate  size ;   cup  hemispheri- 
cal. (AFicAx.)  A  fastigiate  deciduous 

tree.     Delaware   to  the   Bavannah. 

Hdght  TO  ft.  to  80  ft.     Introduced 

in  1822.     The  bark  ia  whitish,  very 

aligbily   furrowed,   and    sometimes 

dinded  uito  platea.    Hie  leaves  are 

lanceolate,  obtuse  at  the  base,  and 

ending  in  a  sharp  point,  regularly  in*,  g  r  imit^i 

toothed,  of  a  li^t  j^een  above,  and 

whitish  beneath.     The  acorns  are  small,  roundiah-ovate,  and  con- 
tained b  shallow  s%htly  scaly  cups. 
>  Q.  ?■  4  pmmia   Hidix.  Quer.  No.  S.  t.  9.  f.  1. 

Q.  P.  CMnqn^  Hichx.  N.  Amer.  8yl.  i-  P.   t 

55.  t.11.    (our   &.  157B.)i    Q.   Chkiquapm  1 

Punh  Fl.  Amer.   Sept.  U.   p.  634.  ;   Q.J>A-  ~, 

noides   Wiild.  Sp.  PL  iv.  p.  440.  ;   the   Cout-w 

qnapin,  or   I>warf  ciiestnut.  Oak. —  LeaveaA 

on   shortish   petioles ;   somewhat  lanceolate  ;  9 

Raucous  beneath.  (JIflcAf.)   A  low  deciduous 

ti>ee.     Northern  and  midille   states.     Hei^t 

20  ft.  to  30  fl.      Introd.   182B.      The  leaves 

are  oval-aciMuinate,  regularly,  but  not  deeply, 

dentated,  of  a  tight  ^-een  above,  and  whitish 

beneath.      The  acorns  (fy.  1566.  c)  are  en- 

cloaed,   for  about  one  Ehinfof  their  length,  in 

scaly  sessile  cups    they  are  of  the  middle  size,       i""-  «■'■•'*"'"*■ 


868  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

tomewhat  elongated,  ■imilarly  rounded  at  both  ends,  and  vety  *ireet. 
Higfal;  ornamenul  when  in  full  bloom,  and  most  prolific  in  acorns 
erea  when  dnlj  3  or  4  feet  high. 
1  Q.  P.  5  lomenlSia  Michi.  Quer.  No.  5.  t.  9  f.  8.      Q.  F.  df«color 
MkIu.  N.  Amer.  SyL  i.   p.  43.  t.  7.  (our  J!g.]SSO.)t    Q.  Mcolor 
Wim.  Sp.  PI.  iv.   p.  440.;  Q.  Micbauxi  Nutt.  ;   the   Swamp  white 
Oak. —  LeaveialinottMsaile.obtusel)' oval,  bluntly  toothed;  downy 
beneath.  (Michx.)     A  large  dedduoiu  tiee.     United  States  geiie- 
rally.     Height  SO  ft.  to  70  ft.     In- 
troduced in  1800.     The  learea  are 
frcHD  6  in.  to  Sin.  long,  and  4 in. 
broad  ;   entire   toward!    the   base, 
which   ii    attenuated   and   wedge- 
shaped  ;   but  dilated   and  coarsely 
toothed   for   two   thirds    of   their 
length.    The  tree  it  diBtinguished, 
when  fiill  grown,  by  the  remarkable 
^ipearance  of  its  leaves ;  which  are 
on  the  under  aide  lilky  and  of  a 
silvery  whiteness,  while  the  u{)per 
side  u  smooth  and  of  a  bright  ^ 

Cn.  The  scorns  (fig.  1566.  d)  are 
_,ofaclear  chestnut  brown,  and 
contained  in  rather  shallow  seal)! 

cups,  edged  with  short  slender  filo-  ugo.  ^  r  iMintn 

ments.  These  cups  are  more  downy 

withiu  than  those  of  any  other  oak;  and  they  are  borne  in  pairs,  on 
peduncles  of  from  lin.  to  £  in.  m  length.  The  bark  is  scaly,  as  in 
all  the  preceding  varieties,  and  of  a  greenuh  white. 

§  V,  Hubra:.  Red  American  Oaks. 
Sect.  CItar.  Leaves  de^Iy  lobed,  ainuated,  muldfid,  and  mucronated.  Bark 
dark,  and  not  scaling  off  Fructification  biennial.  Nut  ovate,  with  a  per- 
sistent style.  Cup  imbricate,  large  in  proportion  to  the  nut.  —  Trees,  varying 
from  80  or  90  feet  to  15  or  20  feet  in  height ;  remarkable  for  the  bright 
red,  deep  scarlet,  or  dark  purple,  of  their  foliage,  when  it  dies  off  in  autumn. 
Perhaps  moat  of  the  kinds  in  this  section  mignt  be  reduced  to  two  or  three 
species;  but,  as  they  come  up  tolerably  true  from  seed,  we  have,  for  the 
cultivator,  considered  it  more  convenient  to  treat  them  as  distinct.  The 
hardiest  and  most  rapid-growing,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  elegant  and 
ornamental,  tree  of  the  section  is  Q.  paldstris,  which,  with  it*  spreading 
drooping  In'anches,  and  its  straight  erect  trunk  and  spiry  top,  is,  mdepen- 
dently  of  its  lively  scarlet,  orange,  and  red  colours  in  spnug  and  autumn,  in 
our  opinion  the  most  graceful  ofall  ooka,  either  European  or  American, 
t   14.  Q.  ru'bri  £,.     The  red,  or  CAanqnon,  Oak. 

ArMdlcoHM.    Lin.  So.  PI.,  1419.  ;  Punb  Fl.  Adht.  Snt.,  >.  p.  630. ;  Mlcbi,  Quw.,  Ng.  «. 
StmatHm'.    0.  PtrtiB  Mtitart.  Uc,  Flit.  Plitl.  t  M.  i  l. 

AuTHAwt.  Pluk.PhrL,  t.  s<.  f.  ^. ,  MIehi.  N.  Amtr.  8t\..i.t.W.:  Uh  pints  o{  IMi  ipedo  tn 
Arb.  Bril.,  lU  (dll.,  roL  tUL  i  mud  ouij^.  1081.  ud  lUl. 

Spec.  Char,,  j-c.  Leaves  amootb,  oblong,  sinuated,  on  long  stalks :  lobe*  acute, 
sharply  toothed,  bristle^inted.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  flat  underneath. 
Nut  ovate.  {WiUd.)  A  lam  deciduous  tree.  Canada  and  the  whole  of 
the  North  of  the  United  States.  Height  80ft.  toKOfL  Introduced  in 
1739.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  Hay.  Acorns  brown,  occasionally 
ripened  in  England  in  October, 

Tarietiei,  Ailon,  in  the  Horlut  Kewetuu,  fid  ed.,  mentions  two  forms  of  this 
species :  Q.  rilbra  luifdlia,  the  champion  oak,  which  is  the  Q.  rubra  of 
Linnsus  ;  and  Q.  rilbra  monttlne,  the  mountain  red  onk. 


LXX.    CORYLA'C 


The  bark  ia  compai«rivelj^Binooth,oradark  colour,  very  thick ;  BDd.thou^ 
in  old  trees  it  crackt,  yet  it  Qerer  scales  off  sa  in  the  sections  Albx  and 
Prioiu.  The  wood  is  reddish  and  coarse-cnuned ;  and  its  pores  are  often  so 
large  as  to  admit  the  entrance  of  a  hair.  The  leeves,  when  they  first  come 
out  in  spring,  are  of  a  fine  sulphur  colour ;  when  fully  expanded,  they  are 
smooth  and  shining  on  both  sides,  large,  deeply  lacinialed,  and  lometimes 
slightly  rounded  at  the  base,  especially  on  old  trees;  and,  before  they  fall,  they 
turn  of  a  deep  purplish  red.  According  to  (he  younger  Michaux,  the  leaves 
on  old  trees  oden  nearly  resemble  those  of  Q.  fulcala.  The  leaves  of  Q. 
ialcata  are,  however,  always  dowoy  beneath ;  while  those  of  Q.  rflbra  are 
smooth.  The  leaves  of  Q.  riibrB  die  off  of  a  more  purplish  red  than  those  of 
most  of  the  other  kinds  in  this  section ;  but  they  often  become  yellow  before 
they  fall.  The^  vary  much  in  shape,  from  the  age  of  the  plant,  or  the  soil  and 
Mtuation  in  which  it  has  grown.  Fig.  15B1.,  copied  from  the  elder  Micbaux's 
Hiilare  dei  Chmei,  shows  the  leaves  of  a  seedling  a  year  old ;  Jig.  1588.,  from 
the  same  work,  those  of  a  tree  beariog  acorns. 

1   15.  Q. 
HMgntot.    Wtlld.  Sp.  FL.4. 

Smuniimt.    Q-rHlml  AH.ti.\.ln.Kt. 

Smrmtmti.    Wu*.  Font..  I. ».  I  Itkhi.  QucT..  I.  II.  n  i  V.  Amir.  Sfl..  I.  I. ».  i  Iba  plUa  of 

tEli  Ina  Id  ArbTSril,  IM  Mt-,  toL  rilL  i  *Dd  ourj^i.  IHt  ud  IBM. 

^aee.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  smooth,  oblong,  deeply   and  widely  sinualed,  on 

long  stalks  :  lobes  divaricated,  acute,  sharply  toothed,  bristle-pointed.  Calyx 

of  the  fruit  turbinate,  half  as  long  as  the  nut.  (  fVUid.)     A  large  deciduous 

tree.     Pennsylvania  to  Georgia.      Height  80  ft.  lutroduced  in  1691. 

The  leaves,  which  are  chiefly  distinguished  from   those  of   Q.  rilbra  bv 

having  longer  petioles,  are  of  a  beautiful  green,  shining  on  both  sides  i  and, 

on  old  trees,  laciniated  in  a  very  remarkable  manner,  having  usually  four  dea> 

sinuses  on  each  side,  very  broad  at  bottom.     The  Iraves  b^n  to  change  with 

the  first  cold  ;  and,  after  several   suceasive  frosts,  turn  to  a  brilliant  scarlet, 

instead  of  the  dull  red  of  those  of  Q.  rubra.     These  leaves  differ  very  greatly 

in  shape  at  different  stages  in  the  growth  of  the  tree.     When  quite  young, 

they  are  scarcely  lobed  at  oU,  as  may  be  seen  by^.  1583.,  which  is  taken 

from  Michaux's  Hiitob-e  da  Chine;  and  represents  a  seedling  a  year  old  j  and 

Jig.  1584-.,  a  sprig  and  acorn  from  ao  old  tree,  copied  from  Michaux.     Amidst 

all  the  varieties,  however,  in  the  shape  of  the  leaf  of  the  scarlet  oak,  it  may 

alwuys  be  distinguished  fi-om  that  ot  tt.  rubra  by  the  different  hue  which  it 

assumes  in  autumn;  the  colour  of  Q,  coccfneu  being  always  a  brigtit  scarlet, 

or  yellowish  red,  of  more  or  less  intensity ;  and  that  oif  Q.  rAbra  a  dull 

3  B  S 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITAMMCUM. 


cnmson,  or  pur|iliah  red.     The  tesf  also   bomi  a  greater  reaemblance  to  that 
of  Q.  pallJBtfiB  thaa  any  otker  speciea. 

t  16.  Q.  ambi'aua  WiUd.     The  ambiguoiu,  or  grey.  Oak, 

armimtmt.    a.barJuiUtiit.t'.Jmtr'.'sil.l.y'.^i.  '     '^ 

Arnrrimrl.    Hklix.  Atb..  L  H.  i  N.  AmH.  BjC,  1. 1.  «,  |  (tw  pliU  of  Ihll  UH  iD  A[k  BrlL.  M 
*UL.to1tHL,  ud  our  a .  ItM. 

^^■cr.  Ciiir.,  4-0.     LeBTea  sinuated,  glabrous,  acute  at  the  base ;  rinuM*  some- 
wbet  acute.     Cup  somewhat  Bhieid-shiqjed.   Nut  rouQdiah*ovate.  (JUickr.) 
A  large  deciduou*  tree.      Nova  Scotia  to  Lake  Champlsin.      Hei^t  40  ft. 
to  60  ft.     Introduced  in  ISOO. 
This  apeciea  bears  a  close  analogy  to 

the  red   oak   in   its   foliage,    and    to   the 

scarlet  oak  iu  itB  fruit.    It  has  also  another 

peculiarity  in  blouoming every y ear,  thoush 

It   takes   two,    three,    and  lO   rery   cold 

rliouitei  four,  years  to  mature   its   fruit. 

The  leaves  are  large,  smooth,  and  deeply 

sinuated;  the  indentations  bdng  sharper  1 

and  more  angular  than  those  of  the  leaves  of 

Q.  coccfnea.  The  acorns  are  of  the  middle 

size,  rounded  at  the  end,  and  conttuned  in 

scaly  top-shaped  cups.     The  grey  oak  is 

found  fartlier  north  than  any  other  Am^  a— m— t 

rican  spedo,  and  it  therefore  would  seem  ' 

to  be  the  best  adapted  for  bong  cultivated  in  BiituD  as  a  useful  tree.  Thewood 

is  as  coarse  and  opeu'lu  its  porea  as  that  of  the  red  oak ;  but  it  u  ittooger 

and  more  durable. 


¥  IT.  Q.  PAi.CA'TA  AGcAt.     The  8icklo«baped,  or  Spamth,  Oak. 


10. 1  Forth  Fl.  Abht.  Sept.  ft.  p.  GSl. 
«.  Acv.  Hi.  I.   a.  p.SM.;  a.  fIoiisU*  » 


u  ^Pttg-^  Fortt.  -,  thi  downr-UnTfid  Ou. 

Mft.    Mlchl.  QtlD'.,Ln.;  N.  Ams.  B]rl.,  I.  LS.;  ud  om.^.  USS.  ud  [B 

_  'ec.  CAar,,  $c.     Leaves  downy  beneath,  sinuated  with  three  or  more  some- 
what falcate  bristle-poiuted  lobes  \  the  terminal  one  elongated  and  jagged. 
Calyx  hemispherical.  ( IViild.)    A  large  deciduous  tree.  C^ada  to  Georgia. 
Height  30  ft.  to  80  ft.     Introduced  in  1763. 
This  oak  it  a  very  reinarknble  one,  from  the  great  diflerence  which  exists  in 


LXX.    CORYLa'cEJE:    Qt'E'RCUS.  871 

ita  learea  and  general  tqipearance  in  different  climates.  This  difference  is  so 
excraordinarj',  that  nearly  all  the  botanists  who  have  written  on  the  American 
oaks  have  supposed  it  to  be  two  ipeciea.  In  the  Southern  States,  it  forms 
a  noble  tree,  80  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  ;  while  in  New 
Jersey  the  tree  is  never  aboTe  30  ft  high,  with  a  tnink  only  4  or  6  inches 
thick.  The  bark  is  thick,  black,  and  deeply  liirrowed  ;  and  the  wood  is  reddish 
aad  coarse-grained,  with  open  pores,  like  that  of  the  red  oak.  The  leaves  ar- 
alM)  extremely  different  {  on  the  trees  in 
thesouth,  they  are  faleale,  like  those  in  ^. 
IA86.,  copied  from  thepUte  of  this  tree 
in  the  North  Americmt  Sylva,  i.  t.  23. ;  in 


New  ienej,  the  leaves  are  three-lobed  (\^e  those  shown  in  Jig.  I5S7.&, 
from  the  Hitloire  det  CkeHet),  except  a  few  on  the  summit,  which  are 
slightly  bleated.  Generally  the  lower  branches  of  sU  trees  of  this  species, 
growing  in  moist  and  shaded  situations,  have  their  leaves  trilobed  ;  white 
those  on  the  upper  branches  are  Ucated,  with  their  lobes  eren  more  arched 
than  those  in  fig.  IA86.  This  rsnarkable  difference  led  the  elder  Michaui 
to  describe  the  specimens  which  he  had  foond  growing  in  very  cold  bad  land 
as  Q.  triloba ;  and  on  the  young  shoot*  of  these  specimens  he  frequently  found 
leaves  diwply  denticulated  or  lobed,  like  those  of  Q.  rilbra  or  Q.  cocclnea,  as 
rcpreBCoCeil  at  a  mfig.  1587.  llie  acorns  are  smaU,  round,  brown,  and 
contained  in  slightly  scaly,  shallow,  top-shaped  cups,  supported  on  short 
peduncles  :  they  resemble  those  of  Q.  Banfslen,  and,  like  nieiD,  preserve  the 
power  of  gcrmtnatioD  for  a  long  time. 

X  IB.  Q.  TiNCTo'BtA.  WUld.     The  CtHtrcUnm,  or  Dyer's,  Oak. 

UcntOkaUBn.    Wild.  Sp.  Pl.4.p,M*.i  Par*  Fl.  imet.  Sept.,  l.p,  6». 

O^  Ama-. ;  Cbtu  dn  TalntQrlan,  Fr, 
£urinA«i.    luehi.  Qiw.,  I.  H.  1  tha  pIMB  of  thb  Ine  In  Arb.  BrH,,  inadltv  vol- vU.  i  udoor 

^>ec.  Char.,  4c.  Leaves  downy  beneath,  obovate-oblong,  dilated,  widely 
sinuated  :  lobe  short,  obtuse,  slightly  toothed,  bristle-poinled.  Calyx  of 
the  fruit  flat  underneath.  Nut  globose.  (WiUd.')  A  large  deciduous  tre& 
United  States  generally.  Hdght  80  ft.  to  100ft.  Introduced  in  1800. 
Farirlie$,  Michaux,  in  his  China  deCAmenque,  gives  the  two  following  formx 
of  this  specien  :  — 

X  Q.  (.  1  ofigu'Ma  Michi.      Q.  americ^na   Pluk.  Aim.  p.  300. ;  Q.  velti- 

^na  Lam.  Did.  ;    Q.  tinctdria  Sart.   ZViw.    p.  37.  ;  the  ChaiupUin 

Oak. —  LcBvei  smooth,  lobed  with  angular  lobes.     Cup  top-^iaped. 

Nut  gltdiose,    and    depressed  ut    the   summit,      tihores   of  Lake 

Sk  4i 


872 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANNICUH. 


n  Carulina  ■ 


Cham^n,  in  PennsjlvaniB,  and  high  moiiDtuas  ii 
Georgia. 

i  Q.t.2  mtiiia  Hithi.  Quer.  L  25.— Leaves  deeply  einuated.  Cup  flat 
and  turbinated.  Nut  ovate.  Native  of  South  (irolina  and  Oeor^^ 
The  trunk  ii  Btraight,  aod  »  covered  with  a  deeply  furrowed  bark  of  mid- 
dling thiclmeaa,  but  always  black,  or  of  a  very  deep  brown  colour ;  whence 
probobl}  the  tree  derives  ita  common  name  in  America,  viz.  the  black  oak. 
The  dark  hue  of  the  bark  easily  distinguishes  this  tree  from  Q,  rilbra,  Q.  coc- 
cfnea,  and  ti.  ambigua,  in  the  northern  provinces  ;  but,  in  the  nouthera  odcs. 


Q.  GJc&ta  having  bark  of  the  same  colour,  Q.  tinctdria  can  onljr  be  di»- 
tinguinhed  by  its  buds,  which  are  longer,  more  acuminate,  and  more  taiy, 
than  (hose  of  the  former  species.  The  inner  bark  of  Q.  tinctoria,  if  chewed, 
is  very  bitter,  and  fives  a  yfl'ow  tinae  to  the  saliva,  which  is  not  the  cue  with 
the  l«rk  of  Q.  fafcita.  The  wood  is  reddish,  coane-frained,  and  porous 
like  that  of  all  the  red  oaks.  The  leaves  are  large,  deeply  kiciniated,  and 
resemble  those  of  Q  cocclnea,  but  they  have  fewer  lobes,  never  exceeding 
four  or  five  i  while  the  leaves  of  the  old  trees  of  Q.  coccfnea  have  Irom  five 
to  seven  :  they  are  also  less  openly  and  roundly  sinuated,  less  shining,  and  of  a 
duller  green  ;  and,  during  apart  of  the  summer,  have  their  surfaces  louriiened 
with  small  glands,  which  are  visible  to  the  eye  and  sensible  to  the  toudt,  and 
which  are  also  found  on  the  young  shoots.  In  autumn,  the  leaves  of  ywum 
trees  turn  to  a  dull  red ;  but  those  on  old  trees  become  yellow,  or  of  a  yd- 
lowish  brown,  b^inning  with  the  petiole.  The  wood  is  used  as  a  lubstttute 
for  the  white  oak,  and  the  bark  for  tannmg,  and  fin  dydng  leather  a  briUiaiU 

1  19.  Q.  H^'sTRtt  WiOd.     Tht  Manh,  or  Pm,  Oak. 


.af.v\..t.v-**i  i  ^tiA: 

fluw..  tMLsi.i'N.Ai 
■  Id  Alfa.  BrU,,  lUadlt^T 


'.•^'■,  'vH 


tEspUUoT  Ui 

Sptc.  Char.,  S[c.  Leaves  smooth,  oblong  deeply 
and  widely  sinuated,  on  lone  stalks  ;  bl>e(  Jia- 
tant,  parallel,  acute,  sharply  toothed,  bristle- 
point^i  forks  of  the  veins  densely  woolly  be- 
neatb.     Calyx  of  the  fruit  flattened.    Nut  nearly 

flobose.  {Wilid.)  A  hirge  deciduous  tree, 
torthem  States  of  North  America.  Height 
60  ft.  Introduced  in  1800. 
The  tree,  when  young,  assumes  an  agreeable 
pyramidal  shape;  and  its  fiir-eiteodrng  £uoping 
branches,  and  lieht  and  el^ant  foliage,  render  it, 
in  our  opinion,  uie  most  graceful  of  J!  oaks.  The 
bark  on  the  oldest  trees  of  Q.  palustris  is  scarcely 
ever  cracked :  on  young  trecx  i(  is  perfectly  amooth. 


Lxx.  couvla'ce*:  cue'rcus. 


The  wood  ii  coane-gnuned,  and  reaetnUet  that  of  the  red  oak.  Id  the  cli- 
iaBi«  or  London,  the  tree  ii  reniaiiiably  hardy,  and  iu  rate  of  growth  in  much 
more  rapid  than  that  of  every  other  American  oak,  unleas  ve  except  Q.  ani- 
bigua,  which  is  very  rarely  to  be  met  with.  This  may  be  rendered  obvious 
at  a  elance,  by  inspecting  the  line  of  ooka  at  Messrs.  Loddiges's,  where  there 
are  tAree  trees,  marked  Q.  paldstriit,  Q.  Banlaleri,  and  Q.  mont&na,  (all  of 
which  are  the  Q,  paltistris  otMichaLix.)  which  are  above  30  ft.  high,  which  ia 
several  feet  higher  than  any  of  the  olhern,  with  the  single  exception  of  Q.  ambf- 
guB.  The  same  result  aa  alr^y  mentioned  (p.  86S.)  ib  observable  in  the  Boia 
de  Boulogne.  The  leaves  are  much  amnller  then  those  of  the  other  species  of  this 
section :  tbry  are  smooth,  of  a  pleasing  green,  supported  on  very  long  petioles, 
and,  on  old  trees,  are  very  deeply  laciniated,  <>n  young  trees,  they  are  much 
less  so,  as  will  be  seen  by_fig.  1589.,  copied  irom  Michaux'a  Uulare  dei 
Chine;  in  which  a  is  a  seedling  of  one  year  old,  and  b  a  leaf  Irom  a  tree  two 
years  old.  The  acorns  (j^.  1566.  ■)  are  small,  round,  and  contained  in 
flat  shallow  cupa. 

^  80.  Q.  CkTKtBM'i  Willd.    The  Barrm  Scrub,  or  Cateaby's,  Oak. 


d.  Sp.  PI..  4  p.  MS. :  HkhL  Oiur..  No.  IT.  1  Funh 
^Hww"  Q.  ratm  «  AH.  amJSmM  I-u.  1.  p.  W.  i  U-  S'»™ll  cUri.ii™.  St.  Cat.  Car.  1. 1.  ». 
S-^awIm^    Mlcli«.liwr,l.»,W.iUiao«iAHMl.«Dill6M. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^.  LeKVCa  smooth,  oblong,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  deeply 
and  widely  sinusted,  on  short  stalkn :  lobes  3  or  5,  divaricated,  acute,  8-  or 
3-cle(t,  bmtle-poinled.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  turbinate,  balf  as  bng  as  the 
nut.  (WiM.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Carolina  and  Oeorgia, 
Height  IS  ft.  to  30  ft.     Introduced  in  )8S3. 

The  general  appearance  of  this  tree  U  Btiinted  :  its  trunk  is  crooked,  divid- 
ing into  branches  at  8  or  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  covered  with  a  thick, 
bUckish,  deeply  furrowed  bark  The  foliage  is  open,  and  its  leaves  are 
large,  smooth,  thick,  and  coriaceous  towards  the  cioae  of  summer,  deeply 
and  irregularly  laciniated,  and  supported  on  short  petioles.  With  the  firsl 
frost,  they  change  to  a  dull  red,  and  fall  the  ensuing  month.     The  acorns  are 


ARBORBTUM    ET    FaUTICBTUH    BRITANMICUM. 


pretty  targe,  of  a  blackish  colour,  uid  parti]'  covered  wilh  a  fine  grej  Ant, 
whicn  is  easily  rubbed  aS  between  the  fingers  :  thej  are  contained  in  thick 
cups,  swallen  towards  the  edge,  with  the  upper  scales  beut  inwards.  The 
leaves  vary  very  tittle,  as  will  be  seeo  by  Jig,  1508.,  in  which  a  repreteuti  a 
seedling  of  one  year's  growth,  and  b  a  leaf  from  a  plant  two  year*  old. 

j  vi.  Nigrte,     Black  American  OaAt. 

Sect,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  wedge«)iaped,  or  imperfectly  lobed  ;  inucronated,  hot 
the  mucros  generally  dropping  olF  when  ine  leaves  have  attained  their  fidi 
nxe.  Leaves  dying  off* Ota  blackish  green,  and  in  America  frequently  p»- 
usteat.  Boric  black,  and  not  scaling  off.  Fructification  biennial.  Nut 
ovate,  with  a  persistent  style,  and  soraetimes  marked  with  dark  Hnes. — Trees 
from  soft,  to  40  ft.  bign;  and  one  of  them,  a  miniature  tree,  often  not 
exceeding  3  ft.  in  hei^L  Rateof  growth  less  r^id  than  in  the  preccdiog 
sections. 

T  SI.  Q.  Ni'oBA  L.    The  Black  Jacf  Oak. 

S^wwTMt.    Q.  iiwTS^la.*c..'itatf;'0.  brnigtMj^fCtK  X.  Jwr.  si^T  p.  if' t.  M  i  0. 

•ituitlca  Lodd.  Cat.  «t.  ISM  ;  Burmu  Oak,  Amcr. 
Sagrati^i.    Mkhi.  Qiwr,,  t.  H,  n.  i  ud  oat/ig.  IHt. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  wed^e-shaped,  scNnewbat  heart-shaped  at  the  baae; 

dilated,  abrupt,  and  very  ahshtly  ^ 

lobed  at  the  end ;   the  middle  lobe 

shortest,   smooth   above,   rusty  be- 
neath.     Calyx   bemispberical,  with 

membranous  scales.    Hut  roundish 

ovate.   {WUid,')     A  low  deciduous 

tree.      New  Jersey,  Maiyland,  and 

Virginia.      Height  SO  ft.    to   30  ft.  i 

Introduced  before  1739.  < 

The  Black  Jack  Oak,  according  (o 
Michauz,  is  sometimes  30  ft.  high,  and 
6  or  10  ID.  la  diameter,  but  commonly 
does  not  exceed  half  tbese  dimensions. 
Its  trunk  is  generally  crooked ;  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  very  hard,  thick,  and 
deeply  furrowed  bark,  which  ia  black 
on  the  outside,  though  the  inner  baric 
is  of  a  dull  red.  The  head  of  the  tree 
is  broad    and   spreading,  even   in   the  imj.  a.Bi«i>. 


LXX.    CORYLA  CEJS  :    QUE'SCUS. 


miibt  or  the  woods.    The  la 


remaiiabie  ehape,  being  dilated  towuda  tM 
oumDiit,  like  a  peer,  and  armed,  when  foiin^ 
with  3  or  A  btiiile-Uke  pointa,  whidi  &11  off* 


when  the  leaf  hai  attuned  iti  full  use.    Fig. 

1504^   from   AUchaui'a   Hiitein    det   China,  ' 

•howa  these  mucroB  oa  Hcdlinaa  of  one  yeaz't 

and  two  years'  grovth.     The  leaTca  are  yel- 

lowisb,  and  somewhat  downy  at  their  first 

unfolding  in  ipring ;  but,  when  fully  evpanled, 

they  become  of  a  dark  gieen  at>OTe>  and  rusty 

beaeach :  they  are  also  thick  and  ieatbery  in  I 

their   texture.      In   autumn,   ihey  turn   of  a  ^ 

blackish  red,  and  fall  with  the  first  frost.    The 

acorns  (fig.  1566,  g)  are  large,  and  half-coTered 

with  very  scaly  cups.     The  specific  name  of 

nigra  was  given  to  this  oak,  by  Linnmus,  on 

account  of  the  biackneai  of  its  be^,  and  its  ,^t.  ^.t^^. 

general  dark  appearance. 

X  28.  Q.  aqua'tica  SOmd.     The  Water  Oak. 

LK«r.,  al  1,.  9.  p.sn.  i  Hlehi.  Our.,  Ka.ll.i 


a.^B%WilU.  ^.  Pt^na.]  e.uU(iiiJtu  Wai^.  AmrT.t.S.t.l 
Xi«ni>e«('    MkOix.  qa«.,t.is.lD.uid91.iiiidDwj(|.I«». 


ibecurely  3-lobed  at  the  end;  the  middle  IoIm  largest.     Calyx  nearly 

henispbericel.      Nut  roundish.  (WHid.)     A  niiddle^iied  deciduous  tree. 
Virginia,  Carulina,  and  Florida.  Height  40  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introd.  before  1723. 

:t  Q.a.2  tuina.    Q.  aqu&tica  Awtt  and  Mi,  In*. ii.  p.  tl7.   1. 59. ;  dm. 

ebngdta  JUt.  Hori.  Kew.  v.  p.  89a ;  Q.  dentita  Bart.  TVov.  p.  14. 

and  £8.;  Q.  nikoa   tVUid.  Sp.  Fl.  iv.   p.  443. ;   the  Dwaif  jagged 

Oak.  —  Of  much  lower  stature  than  Uie  species  ;  and  the  leaves 

nearly  sessile,  and  more  diatiDctly  lobed. 
1  Q.  a.  3  iMri/tnui  Micbx.  Quer.  No.  11.  t.  80.  f.  8. 

WUtd.  Sp.  PI.  vr.  p.  443.  — Leaves  persstent. 


Other  Farietiet.    There  is  no  Amencan  oak,  not  even  Q.  bldlta,  of  which 
the  foliage  is  bo  variable  as  of  this  tree.     On  fuU.grown  trees,  the  leaves 


876 


ARBORETUM    Et   FRUTJCETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


are  smooth,  shining,  and  heart-shaped,  or  broad  and  rounded  at  the  Mim- 
mit,  and  terminating  in  a  point  nt  the  base,  as  in  fie.  1595. ;  and  on  young 
trees,  or  on  shoots  mm  the  roots  of  old  trees,  the  mves  are  oval,  toothed, 
oblong  and,  in  short,  of  all  the  different  forms  shown  hi^.  1595^  taken 
from  the  Hiitoke  de$  Chines,  In  the  Horlut  Kewenm^  five  Tarieties  are 
enumerated,  only  dififering  in  the  shape  of  the  leaves ;  but  the  elder  Michanx 
asserts  that  they  cannot  be  propagated  with  certainty  even  by  grafting ;  md 
that  all  the  different  kinds  may  be  found  on  one  tree.  Even  the  two  ire 
have  given  under  distinct  names,  though  they  are  made  species  by  some 
authors,  are  rather  variations  than  varieties. 

The  bark,  on  the  oldest  trees,  is  smooth,  or  very  slightly  furrowed.  l%e 
acorns,  which  are  of  a  dark  brown,  and  are  small  and  extremely  bitter,  are 
contained  in  shallow  slightly  scaly  cups.  The  wood  is  toug^  ;  but  it  decays 
so  soon,  that  it  is  never  used  in  Amenca,  even  for  fueL 

A  t  23.  Q.  (a.)  /LiciPot.iA  Wang.    The  Holly-leaved,  or  Bear,  Oak. 


UnU(flemUim.    Waag.  Amer.,  79.  t.  6. 1 17. :  Alt.  Hort.  Kew..  ad.  S.,  5.  p.  SSS. 


Q.  Bamiiterf  Mlcbz.  Qoer.  l/o.  19. :  ?  «.  «ifai.»« 
'AhboU  emd  Smith  Mmt.  S.  p.  107. ;  Black  Scnib  Oak,  Dvarf  red 
Oak,  Amur, 
Bmgram'mg*.    Wang.  Amer.,  t  6.  f .  17. ;  N.  Amar.  87I.,  I.  p.  SI. ; 
and  our  Jig.  1MI7. 

Spec.  Char.f  Sfc.  Leaves  obomt&>wedge-shaped, 
with  3  or  5  deep  bristlenpointed  lobes,  entire, 
downy  beneath.  Truit  stalked,  in  pairs.  (WUld.) 
A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Northern 
States  of  North  America.  Height  3  ft.  to  10  ft, 
Introduced  in  1800. 

This  very  remarkable  little  tree  is  generally  found 
about  3  or  4  feet  high ;  but,  in  fevourable  situations, 
it  is  sometimes  found  to  reach  the  height  of  8  or  10 
feet.  The  trunk  is  covered,  like  the  branches,  with  a 
polished  bark.  The  leaves  are  of  a  dark  green  on 
the  upper  surface,  whitish  beneath,  and  regularly 
divided  into  3  or  5  lobes.  The  acorns  are  small, 
blackish,  and  lonsitudinally  marked  with  a  few  red- 
dish lines ,  and  they  are  so  abundant  as  sometimes 
to  cover  the  branches. 


§  vii.  Vhellos.     WiOow  Oaks. 


Sect.  Char, 


fflQD 


«.  cAor.,  4-c.  Leaves  quite  entire  and  kinceolate,  dying  off  without  ^ 
change  of  colour,  in  Eiiland  ;  but,  in  America,  sometimes  P^'^^jjAe. 
two  or  three  years.  Youns  shoots  straight,  spreading,  and  Tf^}*°^ 
Bark  very  smooth,  black,  and  never  cracked.  Fructification  bienniaL  ^ 
imbricate.  Nut  roundish  and  very  small. — Large  trees  and  shrubs,  toe 
beautiful  m  their  foliage  of  the  oak  family. 

A  Y  24.  Q.  Phe'llos  L.    The  Willow  Oak. 

JdentificaHam.    Lin.  Sp.  PI ,  \i\%  ;  Ponh  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  S.  p.  686. ;  Mlcbx.  Qof-*  ^f-^' 
SjmoHffme$.    Q  Tlrglnlkna,  ftc,  Pkdt.  Aim.  p  180. ;  Q.  /'lex  maryttiidica  RaH  W-  {jh  ^ ;  tfd 
EngrmUmn.    Mlehz.  Quer.,  1. 18. ;  the  platat  of  this  tree  in  Artx  Brit.,  1st  adit..  v<m-  ''- 
ourjif.  IGOS.  . 

Spec.  Char,,  4rc.    Leaves  membranaceous,  Imear  lanceolate,  tapering  at 
end,  entire,  smooth,  with  a  small  point.     Nut  roundish.  (SmUh^  •    .nmc 
duous  tree.     Philadelphia  to  Geoi^a.      Height  60  ft.  to  70  ft..  >"  ^ 


Lxx.  corylaVe*:  qve'kcvb.  877 

soila  and  dtuationH  ;  and  in  othera  a  shrub  of  dimi- 
nutive growth.     Introduced  in  IT23. 
FanetKt. 

t  Q.P.I  iyii>6ticui  Michx.  Hist,  des  Chene*,  No. 
vii.  t.  18.  (Ourj^.  1602.)  — The  leaves  u« 
loDg  and  narroir  on  old  trees,  and  tiilobed 
on  seedUnga,  as  in  Jig.  1598. ;  and  persistent, 
or   deciduoua,   according  to    soil  and   dtua- 

I  Q.  P.'s  laH/dliut  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.   1836.     (The 
plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brii.,  1st  edit,  vol. 
viii. ;  and  our  fig.  1599.)  —  A  tree,  with  the  leaves  rather  broader 
than  those  of  the  preceding  form. 


•  Q.  P.  3  RimSt  Pursb  R   Amer.    Sept.  ii.  p.  6S5.,   Catesb.  i.  t.  S9. 

—  Leaves   shorter   end   deciduous,      A   shrub   of  low  straggling 

.■  Q.  P.  4  (^rfonu.  Q.  Ph^llot  Smlh  and  Abb.  Itu.  ii.  t.  St. ;  (i.  P. 
pilnillus  l^tchjr.  Hut.  det  Chatei,  t.  13.  f.  I.  and  S.i  fj.hu iiilior 
■aLcis  folio  breviore  Col.  Car.  i.  p.  S8. ;  the  Highland  Willow  Otli.  ; 
0.  serf cea  WiUd.  ^.  PI.  iv.  p.  4S4.,  Punh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  ii.  p.  086.  i 
Q.  pi^mila  Mickx.  N.  Atner.  Sul.  i.  t.  17. ;  the  running  Oak,  (Our 
fig.  1600.)  —  Thb  curious  litUe  oak  is  the  smallest  o(  the  genus, 
being  onfj  80  ia,  or  at  most  2  ft.,  in  height. 

•  t  Q.  P.  5  atia-eut.    Q,  P.y  Lm.  ^.  PI.  H18. ;  «.  P.  (3  cinireua  Ait. 

HoH.  Kcw.  ed.  1.  iii.  p.  354.;  Q.  hAmilU  Wail.  CanL  234. ;  Q.  ci< 
ndrea  Wm.  ^.  PI.  iv.  p.  485.,  Michx.  N.  Anter,  &fL  i.  1. 1 6. ;  the 
UphmdWiUowOBk.   (Our  jig.  1601.)  — This  kind  varies  so  much. 


878 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1000.    Q,  P.  Nrf< 


1601.    9wP. 

both  in  height  and  general  appearance,  that  indiyidual  plants  hare 
frequently  been  taken  for  distinct  species.  It  is  only  found  in  the 
maritime  parts  of  the  Southern  States,  where  it  is  rare,  in  compa- 
rison with  many  other  species. 
A  Q.  P.  6  niariiimui  Michx.  Quer.  No.  7.  Q.  maHtima  Wilid,  Sp.  PL  iv. 
p.  424. —  A  low  shrubby  plant,  from  3  ft.  to  8  fV.  high,  acconling 
to  Pursh  ;  a  native  of  the  sea  coast 
of  Virginia  and  Carolina.  The  leaves 
are  shorter  than  those  of  the  species, 
and  are  persistent.  It  is  sometimes 
called  the  evergreen  willow  oak. 

The  leaves  of  this  species  are  8  or  3  inches 
long,  of  a  light  green,  smooth,  narrow,  entire, 
and  very  simuar  to  those  of  the  willow;  whence 
the  name  of  the  willow  oak,  by  which  thb 
species  is  known  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  America.  The  shoots  are  straight,  long, 
slender,  wand-like,  and  not  crossing  one 
another  so  much  as  in  most  of  the  other 
kinds  of  oaks  ;  so  that  the  tree  is  almost 
as  much  like  the  willow  in  its  shoots  as  its 
leaves.  The  acorns  (Jig,  1566.  A)  are  small, 
round,  bitter,  and  of  a  dark  brown  colour : 
they  are  contained  in  shallow  cups,  slightly 
coated  with  scales  ;  and,  if  kept  in  a  cool  place, 
they  will  preserve  the  power  of  germination 
for  several  months.  Larj^  trees  of  this  species 
are  not  unfrequent  in  Bntish  gardens.  mt.  q.  n>eu». 

It  25.  Q.  (P.)  Laurifo'lia  WiOd.    The  Laurel-leaved  Oak. 

rdeut([leaH(m.    Wllld.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  487.  (  Alt.,  U  ad.,  6.  p.  MS.  |  Forth  Sept.,  S.  p.  627.; 

Qucr.,  No.  10. 
Sttnonynua.    The  Laurel  Oak,  Swamp  Willow  Oak. 
E»graiting$,    Bflchx.  Quer.,  t,  17. ;  and  our  Jig.  1004. 

Sf)ec,  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  obovate,  entire,  smooth,  nearly  sessile  ;  tapering  at 
the  base.  Nut  roundish,  even.  (Smith.^  A  deciduous  tree.  South  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia.     Height  50  or  60  feet.     Introduced  in  1786. 

Variety, 

1  Q.  (P.)  1.  2  hybritk  Michx.  Quer.  No.  10.   t.  18.      Q.  I  2  obtusa  ilif. 


LXX.    CORTLA  CEJE  :    QUE'rCUS. 


Hart.    Sew.   ed.  8.  v.   p.  SSS.  • 

{Oar  fig.  1603.)— Bather  iDore 

obtuse  leaves  tnan  tbe  Bpecies. 
The   whole    of   the    American    oaki 
belonging  to  the  section  PhelloB  are  re- 
markable  for   retaining   their  leavet,  in 
particular  soilB  and  lituacionB,  Far   two, 

three,  and  in  aome  cues  eren   four,  years,  without  their  changing  colour  ; 
diSerin^  in  this  req)ect,  both   Irom  evergreens,  which  change  their  leaves  in 
the  spring  or  every  year ;  and  from  tliose  de- 
ciduous trees  which  retain  their  leaves  in  a 
withered  state  diuing  winter. 


wnu.  Bp.  PI  t. 

Sfmtiimet     k.  UttibU*  Hurl,  i 
Oik.  3mA  Oik,  BimA  Jack  Oik, 

£ivr»f»''    Nlchit.  QuM.,  (.  l^  18. :  S,  Amer.  BtI,  I.  t. 
]l.i  ulourjU,  INA. 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c.     Leaves  elliptic-obloog,  acute 

at  each  end,  entire,  ahnost  sessile  i  downy 

beneath.      Nut  nearly  globose.  (Sailh,')     A 

deciduous    tree.        Alteghanies,    but    rare. 

Hda^I  40  or  50  feet.     Introduced  in  I7S6. 

The  leares  are  long,  lanceolate,  entire,  and 
of  a  shining  green.  The  trunk  is  branching, 
and  oAen  crowed ;  and  the  wood,  though  hard 
and  heavy,  has  open  pores  like  that  of  Q.  rCkbra.  ^^^  ^  i,tii,itin 

T  27.  Q.  BBTBitopar'u.A  Midi*.     The  various-leaved,  or  Bartrav^t,  Oak. 
/IflUWkMw.  Hldix.  Amer.  St'.,  t.  p.  n.  i  Pnnti  FI.  Amer. 

fkpi.,  1  p. «». 
AWTH^L    Hklii.AiiMr.STL,tlS.iudgurjV.l«M' 
Spec,  Char.,   ^c.      Leaves  on  long  footstalks, 

ovate-lanceolate  or  obbng,  entire  or  unequallj 

toothed.     Cup  hemispherical.    Nut  roundish. 

(3ficAf,)      A  deciduous  tree,  30  ft.  hioh,  of 

which  only  one  individual  has  been   found.  I 

Banks    of  the   Schuylkill,   four  miles   from 

Philadelphia.     Introduced  ?  18S0.     Horticul- 
tural 8ocierv|s  Garden  i  and  at  Verrieres,  tbe 

villa  of  H.  Vilinorin,  near  Paris. 

Q.  ag^fiHa  Willd.  (described  in  Aib.  Brit.,  Ist 
edit.,  p.  1894.,  after  Pursh  and  others)  appean 
to  be  nothing  more  than  Q.  cocclfenu  ,,g^  n.Lnpm  i 


880  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

B.    Leavet  everffreen. 

k.  Natkiet  of  Europe, 

$  viii.    \-Ux.     Holm,  or  ^bUy,  Oa}a. 

SecL  Char.  Leave*  ovate  or  oval,  soaielimn  lanceolate,  entire  or  serrated ; 
with  Qr  without  prickly  mucroa  ;  iovinj  beneath.  Bark  stoooth  and  black, 
or  rough  and  coney.  Pniedfication  bieonial.  Cups  imbricate.  Nut  otMc, 
acuminate  ;  aometimes  -way  long  in  proportion  to  the  cup. —  Low  trees  or 
•hrubi,  of  great  conunercial  interest,  (ram  including  the  oak*  which  pro- 
duce cork,  Uie  kermea  in*ect,  and  edible  acorn*. 

f  S3.  Q.  A.EX  L.     The  common  tvergrecn,  or  Holm,  Oak. 
MtMVcatkm.    Llo.  Sp.  PI.,  I'll.;  Alt.  Hurt.  K«w.,a^  p.  W9. 
Bfmima.    r\mi  mjhbrt^  BamJt.  Hta.  I.  p.w.;  rViiiiM.orCMBaTBt,n-.i  EttlnKiA^Ccr.i 

BUtt,  lUI. ;  Bndiu.  Xr<p>. 
CiKniHV-    BlKkw.  HWb.l.  IW.)  If .  Du  Hum.,  t.  <•. «. !  Don).  Brfl^L  ML;  ItHpUdQftbe 
bwln  Arti.  Bnt.  til  sdlt..  idL  tU.  ;  ud  aarjlg. 

^xc.  Char.,  ic.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  acute,  coriaceous,  entire  or  ECfnUed ; 
hoary  beneath.  Bark  even.  Nut  ovate.  (Wiitd.)  A  pliddle-dted  eter- 
green  tree,  or  lai^  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  North  of  Africa,  Codun- 
China  and  other  part*  of  Asia.  Height  15  ft.  to  30  ft.  rarely  60  ft.  In  cul- 
tivation in  Britiih  garden*  from  a  very  remote  period.  Ftowov  greemsli 
whitai  May.  Acomi  brown  ;  ripening  the  second  year. 
Varietia.  These  are  very  numerous,  and  frequently  very  distinct ;  and,  as 
in  the  caae  of  every  species  of  oak,  they  Blight  be  greatly  increased  by 
selecting  from  bed*  of  *eedling  plants. 

t  Q.  1.   I  mtegrifSUa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1S36. —  Leaves  lanceolate,  entire. 
X  Q.  L  S  ler^dUa  Lodd.  Cat.   ed.   1836.     (Our  _fig.  160T.J  —  Leaves 

lanceolate,  serrated. 
1  ■  Q.  t.  3  {agiJSlia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.    Ph^lodrys  MeOh.  Faigr.  L 
P.J89.J  rlei  Ho.  3.  Du  Horn.  Arb.  i.  t.  224.    ("Our  j^.  1608.) — 
Leaves  broader  and   leas  rigid,  more  or  less  onmilated,  and  som^ 
times  slightly  serrated. 


t  «  Q.  L  4  aiipa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. — Leaves  wrinkled  at  the  edges, 
r  «  Q.  1.  5  latifSSa  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  Q.  I.  obl6nga  Horl.  (The  pbte 

of  thi*  vanety  in  Ari.  Brit.,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  viii. ;  and  our  _figi.  1609. 

and  1610.)  —  Leaves  broad,  neaiiy  entire. 
1  ■  lj.L6/p)^;jt6A<iLodd.  CsLed.  1836.  (2./.  (alicil&lia  ^orf.—LeBvei 

iriegated  with  white. 


LXX.    C0RTLA'CE£  :    QUE  RCUS. 


In  bTourable  aitaations,  in  the  South  of  France,  Sp«in,  mu<  llaly,  and  also 
in  the  wRTmeat  parts  of  England  and  Irdand,  the  Q.  /'lex  forms  a  buahy 
evergreen  tree,  e^tceeding  the  middle  size.  The  trunk  is  generally  furnished 
with  hranches  froni  the  ground  upwards  ;  and,  beiug  concealed  by  the  dense 
mass  of  foliage  home  hy  these  branches,  the  general 
character  of  the  species,  even  «ben  fully  erown,  is 
that  of  an  immense  bush,  rather  than  tliat  of  a 
timber  tree.  When  judiciously  pruned,  or  drawn 
up  by  other  trees,  however,  it  lorms  a  handsome  J 
nell-balanced  head,  on  a  straight  trunk,  and  with  I 
graceful  pendent  branches.  The  roots  descend  ti 
a  very  great  depth,  altogether  disproportianate  ti 
the  height  of  the  trunk  ;  for  which  reason  this  oak 
is  never  found  indigenous  to  soil  with  a  wet  bottom. 
The  biu'k  is  black,  thin,  hard,  and  even;  sometJnies 
slightly  furrowed,  but  never  corky.  The  leaves  varv 
exceedinBly  in  shape  and  size,  from  5  in.  in  length 
and  neaHy  3  in.  in   breadth  (as   in  Q.  I.  latifolia  ,„,,  ^  nn. 

and  Q.  I.  Jam{b\]a),  to   I  in.   in   length  and   i  in. 

in  breadth  ^s  in  Q.  I.  crfspaj,  or  i  in.  in  breadth  and  3  in.  in  length 
(as  in  Q.  I.  lalicifolia).  In  some  plants,  the  leaves  are  prickly,  like  those  of 
the  holly  ;  and,  when  this  is  the  case,  the  most  prickly  are  nearESt  the 
ground  ;  a  circumstance  beautifiiily  exemplified  in  a  fine  tree  at  Purser's 
CroM.  The  colour  of  the  leave*  is  a  dark  green  ;  and,  being  convex  above, 
and  Quite  smooth,  they  have  a  fine  shining  appeanince.  In  the  climate  of 
London,  seedling  plants  grow  with  conaiderable  nqiidity;  attaining,  in  good 
lonmy  soil,  from  15ft.  to  SOft  in  height  in  10  vcars  from  the  acorn.  As 
they  became  larger,  they  grow  slower  ;  and,  afier  tliey  have  attained  the  hekht 
of  30  or  40  feet,  they  increase  in  width  nearly  as  much  as  in  h^gfat  'Hie 
tree  attains  a  great  age,  remuning  in  a  growing  state  for  several  centuries. 
The  sap  wood  is  whitish  ;  but  the  heart,  or  perfect  wood,  is  of  a  brown 
colour,  very  close-grained,  heavy,  and  very  bard.  It  weighs  70  lb.  to  the 
cubic  foot,  and  ukes  a  line  polish  ;  but  twists  and  splits  a  great  deal  in 
drying,  like  most  other  hard  and  heavy  woods.     It  is  of  great  duration,  unil 


8B2  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

also  of  contiderabte  flexibility.  Boutcher  recommends  the  tree  for  "w^"" 
warm  Mid  lolly  hedges,  40  or  SO  feet  high,  in  a  short  time.  A.  dry  deep  sod, 
calcareous  or  sandy  rather  than  clayey,  and  a  dtuatioD  lovr  rather  than 
elevated,  best  niit  tfae  ilex.  It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  propagate,  other- 
wUe  than  by  the  acorn  ;  and  no  tree  is  more  difficult  to  transplant,  "  ss  the 
roots  of  it,  trheo  Dot  interrupted,  rua  as  straight  down  into  tfae  earth  ai  a 
carrot ;"  and  hence  the  best  mode  is  to  have  the  plants  ruaed  in  small  pots, 
one  in  a  pot,  as  is  generally  practised  in  the  London  nurseriea. 

■  89.  0.  (/.)  BALufTA  Deaf:  The  sweet  Acorti  Oak. 
I.  p.  uo.  1  WiUd.  Sp.  Fl..  4.  p.  ttl. :  N.  Du  Hun..  1.  p.  is?. 
dw.  rriB.  l.LIl.^  CbfaHi/GlinbdauifCAtiMBitllote,  P^. 


\i*^  tlH  UIMt  being 


»  Sp^^  ward  br. 
■ipliLDicdb 

les  elliptical,  coriaceous,  denticulated  or  entire  ;   downy 
.  Nut  cylindrical,  elongated.  {Detf.')  An 
erergrcen  tree  or  large  bush.     lUi- 
barj',    in     Algiers     and     Morocco. 
Height  SO  or  30  feet,  with  a  trunk  4 
from  3  ft  to  6  ft.  in  circu  inference. 
iDtroduced  in  1696. 
Obviously  a   variety   of  Q,  Jlei  1 
\  froiD  which,  however,  it  differs  in  its 
j  leaves  being   more   rounded    at    the 
}  ends,  and  abo  more  white  and  cottony 
beneath,  and   of   a  more  coriaceous 
texture;    and  in  its   aconi   being  of 
double  the  length  of  that  of  Q,  /'lei,  and  in  having  a  mild  and  iiis.  «.(t.)  ^ai 
agreeable  taste. 

I  a  30.  Q.  (/.  B.)  oramu'ntia  L.     The  Hoag-iemxdQmmiaooX.  Oak. 
UtmttaUaa.    Lin.  So.  PT„lttS.i  N.  Dw  Hun..T.  n.  IH. 
^mimmc:   ?;'lBffilbr(itiiiidlAibai,a&.  iCiH>.  ««».  IM.1  CUixdg  Ci 
iHililiUtilaa  BlelH,  Ocr.  1  BdcIu  dutca.  sad  CouMU,  Smrnn,    OpuIb  S.  B. 
a.  hto|i*3s  «ilM  b*  tlw  matt  uiUtM  nu»  fix  Dili  ipeclH.  ohl^  mn  to  c 
tlia  nunnl  oak  o(  Spiln ;  wbenm  llM  lann  fnuADttii  wu  ipiillDil  to  "  *- 

IXTliu  b«B  AwDd  Id  Uh  nouui  of  ■  wood  on  U-  — —  -' • 

■norWiiC  to  DaCudotla,  iIh  ipKiH  DO  lonin' « 

Bmfmimgi.  Our  A.  1811.,  (ton  Uia  tr»  u  Poiwr'i  Cmijj^.  igi&,  u 
tnnd  Ifoa  one  tliK  mi  Hol  to  IM  br  CuuIb  Cook ;  ud  Ihs  pUW  at 
InArb.  Brtt.,m«lU. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.      Leaves  roui)dish.elliptical,  nearly 
"e,  undulated,  with  detp,  ^nous,  dtvaricsted 


Ig  Cnmuwnt,  n-.  t  Wd- 


;  densely  downy  beneath ;  heart-shaped  at  the  base.     An  evei^reen 
or  large  bush.     Orammont,  near  Montpelier;  and  throughout  Spain. 


LXX.    CORTLA  CEJB  :    QUE  RCU8.  883 

Hdght  so  ft.  to  40  ft.     latRKluced  in  1730.  Plowen  greenUh  white ;  June. 

Nut  brown ;  ripe  in  the  autumn  of  tbe  fbUowing  jear.    Apparently  DOtliing 

more  than  a  varietj  of  Q.  BaUila. 
Variety. 

I  *  Q. (L B.) f. 8 Cbdiii.  Q. Co<ika  Arb. Brit.  IvtediLp.  lEKie.  (Oiir^. 
1616.)  —  Either  identical  with  tbe  apecies,  or  a  slight  rariety  of  it. 

A  BtiBg^ing  tree,  with  numerous  round  gny  brancheE,  downy  when  young. 
Learea  acanxlj  1  in.  long.  Had,  broadly  elbptical,  often  nearly  orbicular  ;  reiy 
much  undulated  at  the  margin,  thrir  deep,  broad,  spinous  teeth  pointing  every 
way,  like  those  of  the  holly  ;  the  upper  sur&ce  dark  green,  ratber  eUucoua, 
be^ninkled  with  minute  starry  hairs;  the  under  suritice  densely  clothed  with 
white  entangled  down.  In  the  Nouveau  Da  Hamel,g^ea,t  doubts  are  expressed 
as  to  whether  this  spedea  is  idendcal  with  the  Q.  rotundi&lia  of  Lamarck  ; 
and  whether  both  aorta  may  not  be  merely  varietiea  of  Q.  Ilex,  which  we 
believe  to  be  the  ease. 

■  31.  Q.  cocci'PBBA  L,     The  Eermei,  or  Berry-bearing,  Oak. 
/ifaiiMfeaUim.    Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  UIS.  I  K.  DDKuB.,r.p,  16a 
AmwhwI'     ''*"  nndhn  Cam.  Epll,  774.  I  I.  vulAu  RwdiludlftTn  OorAf.  AiM.p.ia.;  I. 

ta^iga^  Oa.  Bmae.  p.  I*U. ;  CUiia  ua.  K«mu,  tr.  \  KosHt  Bklu,  Otr. ;    liiietn  del 

Knnm.  Rol. 
fiunxfr^i.    OuM.au.,  e.fi3.;  K.  Dn  Hm.,  7.  t  t&i  WMi.  DohI.  Brit,  t.ei.i  ourjif.  I«I7. 

rnm  (be  N.  Da  Hem.,  endj^.  IfilA.  frnn  Witmi. 

Spec.  Char^  S/c.  Leaves  ellipti&«blong,  rigid ;  smooth  on  both  udea,  with 
spreading  bristly,  apiuoua  teeth.  Fruit  on  pedunclea ;  nut  ovate.  Calyx 
with  spreading  pointed,  somewhat  recurved  scales.  (A'.  Du  Ham.)  A  low 
bushy  evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Europe  and  the  Levant.  Height  3  ft.  to 
5  ft.  Introduced  in  1683.  Flowers  greeni^  white  ;  May.  Acorna  rarely 
ripened  in  England. 

The  whole  plant  resembles  a  boUy  in  miDiature;  but  tbe  leaves  are  of  a 
paler  green,  and  they  vary  exceedingly  m  magnitude.     This  oak  is  well  knonn 
as  producing  the  kermes,or  scarlet  grwn,  o^coIIH 
merce.     The  fruit  is  but  of  a  very  small  aiie  the 
first  yew,  and  does  not  attain  maturity  till  the 


end  of  the  second.  The  nuts  are  oval,  and  are  enveloped  for  half  their  length 
in  a  cup  fiimiahed  with  rough  acalea  terminating  in  rough  points,  which  are 
almost  woody,  spreading,  sm  a  little  recurved.  Propa^teJ  from  the  acoma, 
which  are  received  from  the  Continental  nurserymen. 

i  ■  38.  Q.  PBBu'i>o-cocci'FBa4  Dtff.     The  false  Kemat,  or  ^jbL 

Berry-bearing,  Oak.  ^K 

Ida^DbaUim.    p«C  AIL.  1. 

J^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  rigid,  smooth  on  both 
aides,  with  spiny  serraturea.  Nut  ovate.  Calyx  with  flat  sluhtly 
spreading  scales.  iHf'/.)     "  Obaerved  by  Desfontainea  at  Algiers 


kui  iCeimet.  Fr. ;  Hwchn^  ISidi 


884  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUU  BRITANNICITM. 

.  Mtd  about  Mount  Atlas,"  where  it  forms  a  tree  from  15  ft.  to  SO  (L  high, 
with  round  branches,  clothed  with  nuty  down  when  young.  The  leaves  ore 
twice  or  thrice  as  long  aa  those  of  Q.  coccifera,  thicker,  and  leu  wavy,  with 
much  smaller  end  ahorter  spinous  Bcrratures,  rather  than  teeth.  Introduced 
7  1820.     HorticultiUBl  Societya  Garden  in  1834. 

S  33.  Q.  fu'BSR  L.     The  Cork  Tree. 
UtMMcaliom.    Un.  ap.P1^  Hit.  i  N.  DaIlBi.,T.p.  1)8. 
Bt^irma.    SUbm  Cam.  Mfil.  HE.;  S.  Pt\-nai  Umldi.  yalgr.l.p.m.i  S.i»ia>Ham.*t..DmHmm. 

Arh.  t.  p.  391.  1  ChtoK  iJtf.  n-.  {  Kork  Biclic  Otr.  ;  Soiero,  Aol  ;  Alconxiqiw.  Sw. 
KiHWAWK    Hunt.  B?d.  Sfl.,  t  In  p.  KL ;  N.  Da  lUm..  7.  L  It.  i  a^.  Brit.,  (.  g6. 1  tiM  puts 

aTu>litnaliiAr1i.BnL.  IH edit,,. ol.  •111.;  uxlaurj^.  ISA 
Spec,  Ckar.,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  bluntish,  coriaceous,  entire  or  sharply 
serrated  ;  downy  beneath.  Bark  cracked,  fungous.  (tCiUd,)  An  evergreen 
tree.  South  of  Europe  and  North  of  A(i4ca.  Height  80  or  30  feet.  In- 
troduced in  1609.  Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acorns  brown ;  occa- 
BiooBllf  ripened  in  the  climate  of  London. 
Vttrietiet.  Theae,  we  have  no  doubt,  are  as  numerous  as  the  varieties  of  Q. 
/'lex,  in  countries  where  the  tree  is  indigenous.  None  are  in  cultivatioD  in 
British  gardens  under  oaf  particular  name :  but,  [he  cork  trees  having  been 
all  raisni  from  seed,  their  leaves  will  be  found  to  vary  in  magnitude,  in 
different  places,  in  length  relatively  to  breadth,  and  in  the  character  of  their 
margini,  which  are  wavy,  serrate,  or  dentate. 

t  Q.  S,  8  latU'Alnm.  Siiber  ladfolium,  Slc,  SomX.  Pai. 
4S4.,  Dh  Ham.  Arb.  S.  n.  S9I.  t.  SO.  (The  plate  of  this 
tree  in  Arb,  Brit,,  I  st  edit.,  vol.  viii. ;  and  our  J^.  1 680.) 
— Leaves  rather  broader  than  in  the  species,  and  either  |^ 
serrated  or  entire, 
t  Q.  S.  3  angutf^oUum.  Siibet  anguBtitolium  BauA.  Pin. 
m.,  Du  Ham,  Arb.  S.  p.  891.  t.  81.  —  The  G^re  in  >i 
Detul.  Brit.  t.  89.  (oUr  ^.  16EI.)  may  be  considered  as  this  variety, 
t  Q.  8.  4  denlatvM.  Q,  Paeudo-fClber  Ilert.  —  Leave*  large,  and  va- 
riously  dentate,  as  in  Jtg,  16t2, 


The  cork  tree  bean  a  general  resemblance  to  the  broad-leaved  kinds  of  O. 
/lex ;  of  which  species  some  authors  consider  it  only  a  variety :  but,  when 
full  ^rown,  it  forms  a  much  handsomer  tree  ;  and  its  bark  alone  seems  to  ju>- 
ti<y  Its  bdna  made  a  species.  The  outer  hark,  the  great  thickness  and  elasti- 
city of  which  arc  owing  to  an  extraordinary  developement  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
fomiit  the  cork  t  which,  after  the  tree  is  full  grown,  cracks  and  separates  from 
It  of  Its  own  accord.  The  inner  bark  remuns  attached  to  the  tree,  and, 
when  removed  in  its  young  state,  is  only  fit  for  tanning.  The  wood  of  the 
cork  tree,  which  weighs  9+lb.  per  cubic  foot,  is  used  for  the  Wme  purposes 
as  that  of  Q,  /'lex  ;  but  it  is  never  found  of  sufficient  aire  to  be  of  much 


LXX.    CORYtACEj;:    tiUE'RCUS. 

By  far  the  moHt  importBiit  product  which  this  tree  ( 
yields,  is  its  outer  bark,  which  forms  the  oork  of  commerce.  The  e 
Wk  is  separated  hy  iint  making  a  circular  cut  round  the  tnink, 
uDmediatel;  under  the  ratun  branches,  and  another  at  a  few  iochea 
above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  portion  of  bark  intervening 
between  the  two  cuts  is  then  sjilit  down  in  three  or  four  pla 
care  being  taken,  both  in  making  the  circular  cuts,  and  also 
longitudinal  onen,  not  to  penetrate  the  inner  bark.  This  operation  is  commonly 
perlomied  in  Julj^,  or  in  the  beginning  of  August,  when  the  second  sap  flows 
plentifully.  The  tree  is  now  left  fur  8  or  10  years,  when  it  is  agun  disbarked 
as  bdbre.  In  British  gardens  Q.  Siiber  is  propagated  by  imported  acorns,  or 
by  inarching  on  Q.  /lex. 

9  t  3i.  Q.  Psku'do.5u'ber  Detf.     The  False-Cork  Oak. 
WflujfcufliM.    Out  Atl.,i.  P.M9.!  N.  DaH»iii.,r.  n  IT*. 
Sfmotlfma.     Chiiw  Cuix  Ll^  Chfaia  it  GlbnlUr.  Fr.  ;  Unldita  Kgrk-Elchs,  Opr.     BoK  wUtf 

thilba  poiuiaKi  ■  l«f  or  O.  Ttimsrf.  wblcb  nu  btought  to  bin  from  Kn  b;  L'HMUer.Uld 

INU  It   h  Idenlinl  >llh   Q.  PKUdD-Sflbcr  :    bnt  the  Iwci  oT  a. 

TOnHn'  an  QDt  Id  tba  ill^htnt  dfwnw  bouy  oc  tfUKOVt  bflomb, 

XllgTuwrntl.     Buit.VIagi..  L  *.;  Spmig.  AnHt-  Bot.>  t.  1.;  N.  Du 
Hun..?.  I.U.  f.LluldDUIJb,  IEMl 

^c.  Char.,^.  Leaves  ovate-oblong  or  lanceolate  ; 
sinuated,  dentated,  or  serrated ;  tioary  beneath. 
Bark  funvous,  cracked.  Nut  OTat&  Calyx  muri- 
cated,  with  lax,  recurred,  linear  scales.  (JJcrf.^  A 
sub-evergreen  tree.  Mountains  of  Tuscany,  Spain, 
and  Barbary,  Mount  Atlas,  and  near  Tanker. 
Height  50  or  60  ft.  Introduced  in  1884. 
yariety. 

I  Q.P.2  Foulanim.  Q.  Fontanesii  Outs.,  Arb. 
Brit.  1st  edit.  p.  I&£d.  (Our  Jig.  I6S4^) 
—  Either  identical  with  this  species,  or  a  vNy 
slight  variety  of  it,  '•*■  •■  ^-  'nnmiiiH. 

The  bark  is  corky,  though  less  so  than  that  of  Q.  i^ilber.  Young  branches 
down^  or  hoary  ;  sometimes  smooth,  striated.  Des- 
fontaines  describes  the  bark  as  fungous,  as  verf  thick, 
and  as  brang,  without  doubt,  capable  of  replacing  the 
cork  of  Europe^  Ilie  leaves  are  oval-oblong,  dentated 
or  serrated  ;  smooth  above,  and  pubescent  beneath, 
remaimng  green  a  part  of  the  winter  ;  so  that  the  tree 
may  be  considered  aa  formmg  the  connecting  link  be- 
tween the  evergreen  oaks  and  the  deciduous  ones.  Q. 
Suber  angustifolium  and  Q.  Suber  dent&tum  (p.  884.) 
may  possibly  be  forms  of  this  species. 

t  3S.  a.  Tu'rhbb/  Willd.     Turner's  Oak. 

UaUt/tcaUaii.    Wllld.  Knuin..nit.J  BHiniI.,p.SS, 
nmchi  Bleb*.  Ofr.  '  '  ^^ 

■  UTlng  ipwJiDBa. 


green  tree,  apparently  a  hybrid  between  Q. 
peduncultkta  and  Q.  /'lex,  having  been  found 
m  a  bed  of  Medlinga  of  the  former  species,  in 
1795  or  before,  in  Turner's  Nursery,  at  Hol- 
loway  Down,  BsMi.    Height  40  ft  to  50  ft. 


886  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUH   BBITANMICUM. 

FlowQv  and  Bcoms  have  been  produced  in  the  Hile  End  Mutbct). 
Tbe  leaves  varj  conaiderably  in  axe,  but  not  much  in  fonn,  or  ia  the  cb»- 
r^ter  of  their  margiiu.  Readily  propagated  by  gnSaog  on  the  conuaoii  oak, 
inim  which,  in  Buiiimer,  it  can  scarcely  be  dattiiiguisfacd  at  a  dittance,  «s  its 
brenchei  andleBvei  are  so  limilnr ;  but,  in  ninter,  its  (hick,  glossy,  and  strictly 
evergreen  foliage  hut  a  fine  effect.  On  the  whole,  it  is  an  eiceedinglj  distinct 
and  very  haadsome  tree,  by  no  meana  liable  to  vary  in  the  form  of  its  fbliue, 
like  what  may  be  called  the  natural  speciea  of  European  and  American  oaks. 
It  is  rather  more  tender  than  Q.  Ctrrii  LucombeaHii,  but,  Devertfaeleaa,  it  retains 
iti  foliage  nearly  as  long  ai  that  species. 

X  t  36.  Q.  RT'eniDA  na'n*.    The  dwarf  hybrid  Oak. 

a.  hfbrldi  ZjkU.  £W.  I«Mi  Q.  "  ■  bTbrid  bMvHi  Q.  jwlinKiiUU  uid  Q.  IIbi,  hi 
aillaial  SodMi'LCtrdoi  i "  0.  hOiBUli  Kvf.  i  <|.  Bku  Htn. 
.    Oiir.lV-1W.ud  IBS, 

^ee.  Char,,  ifc.     Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  obtusely  dentate^  smooth,  and  of 
the  same  colour  on  both  sides.     Footstalks  short.     A  sub^evergreeo  buA. 
Found,  about  1885,  in  a  bed  of  seedling  oaks  in  the  Bristol  Nuraefj,  where 
the  original  plant,  in  Hay,  1837,  was  between  8  a.  and  9  ft.  high,  with  s 
trunk  6  in.  in  circumference  at  I  ft.  from  the  ground.     Flowers  ?. 
In  summer,  the  leaves,  at  a  distance,  bear  a  considerable  resemblance  to 
those  of  the  common  oak ;  but,  on  a  nearer  inspection,  thej  appear  as  in^. 
1687,  or  iajig,  1688. :  the  first  from  the  specimen  tree  in  the  Hackney  ari>o> 
return,  and  the  second  from  the  arboretum  at  Hilford.     Towards  the  Butumn, 
those  shoots  which   have   con- 
tinued   growing   exhibit   leaves 
on  their  extremities  so  exactly 
like   those    of  Q.  Tumeri,  that 
it  is  alti^ether    iii^»oewblc   to 


make  my  distinction  between  them.    Propagated  by  gniftion  on  the  o 

oak.     i^.  1689.  exhibits  leaves  (o,  *)  taken  &om  the  ^tranities  of  the 

shoots,  u  different  parts  of  the  same  plant. 

B.  Niaheiof  KoHh  Ameriea. 

{  ix.    VirhUeM.     Live  Oaka. 

SccU  CAar.   Leaves  oblongJanceolBte  j  dentate,  and  variously  cut  when  younR; 

but,  on  full^rown  trees,  quite  entire.     Bark  smooth,  black.     Fructification 

biennial     Cup  unbncatc.     Nut  long.     Low  trees  or  shrubs  j  rather  tender 

m  ISntain,  and  not  attaining  a  tunber^like  size  north  of  London. 

I  37.  Q.  vi'bbns  Ail.     The  green,  or  Lhe,  Oak, 

*«iS°» i^"*  p;';F»'^A  ^^ *f*- ^J'"- '  ""^^ *"- ""■  ■■ 

""""*'-**■  *■«■  HI*.  I  S.Mnpailmi.SaMiM'j  Q.  ba^ifim'ria  BrU. 

^c.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  coriaceous,  elBpticM»hlong,  revolute,  entity  pwnl- 
fess  ,  obtuse  at  the  base ;  clothed  with  start?  down  beneath.  Fruit  stldked. 
Nut  oblong.  (Wrfrf.)    An  evergreen  tree.    North  America,  in  tbe  naritiiae 


Lxx.  COBYLA  CSS. :  que'rcus. 


Cot  Uie  Southern  State*.  Hdght  30(t  to  Wft.  Introduced  in  I73S. 
ers  and  fruit  rardj  produced  in  England. 
The  leaves  are  oval,  coriaceoui,  of  a  dark  green  above,  and  whitisb  beneath  : 
the;  perutt  during  teteral  vears,  but  are  partiBlly  renewed  ever}'  spring.  On 
old  treea,  growing  wild  in  the  forests,  they  are  alwaj>s  entire,  u  shown  in  j^. 
1631. ;  but,  on  seedlings  of  S  or  3  ^ears  old,  ibty  are  ver^  distinctly  toothed, 
as  ID  J!g.  1632.    On  trees  growing  m  cool  soils,  or  reared  in  plantadoiu,  they 


are  one  half  larger  than  those  on  the  trees  usually  found  in  a  wild  state,  and 
ate  often  denticulated  even  on  old  trees.  The  acorns  are  of  Em  elongated  oval 
form,  nearly  black,  andare  conttdned  in  greyish  pedunculatol  cups,  la  Bri- 
tish gardens,  this  tree  i*  seldom  found  higher  than  a  lar^ge  shrub,  it  requiring 
ratho'  a  wanner  climate  to  attain  a  timber-like  size. 

?  t  38.  e.  JfTRTiFo'i.iA  WiiU.  No.*.,  V.nuHam.7.  p.  ISl- 
Leaves  coriaceous,  oblong  entire,  sotooth,  acute  at  each  end.    Carolina.  See 
Jig.  9103.  in  p.  1 1 10.     It  is  described  in  our  first  edition,  p.  i9S0. 
3i.  i 


866  ABBORETITM    ET   FRUTICETUH  BRITAKMtCUM. 

c.  JVdJtwi  oj  Nepid. 

$  X.  Lan^iir.  fVoolly  or  doumtf-Ifoved  OaAt. 
Sect.  Char.  Leavei  oval-oblong  or  lanceolAte,  srTTBted  or  dentsted,  but  DM 
mnuBted  or  lobed ;  woolly  beneath.  Trees  evergreen,  nativei  of  Nepal ; 
and  only  half-hardy  In  the  climate  of  London,  They  may  be  propa^ted 
by  cuttinga,  which  root  without  much  difficulty;  and  the  plants  require  tbe 
protection  of  a  wall. 

t  39.  0.  lana'ta  Sailh.     The  ^ooVyUemied  Xtfxit  Oak. 
M,    Smith  In  Rm'i  CtcL,  No-  37- 
.    a.  IwiwIiAu  D.  Don  >n>L  FL  Sir.  f.  ».;  Q.  S*|^■  Hb>.  HSS.  i  ?  8.  lUOBitta 

V  <#»>,  I-  c-  {  ?  Q.^DciDa  Jlofle  nimat.  jk  Ul. 
Bm^at*^.    Oar Jlf.  16*3.  rna  th>  tn*  u  Kair. 

^>ec.  Char.,  J^e.  Leaves  elliptic-oblong,  sharply  serrated,  coriaceous ;  densely 
woolly  beneath.  Fruit  in  axillary  solitary  spikes.  Calyr  scaly,  without 
prickles,  {Smith.)  A  large  evei^reen  tree.  Uj)per  Nepal,  on  mountwns. 
Height  60  ft.  to  80  fl.  i  in  England  a  half-hardy  shrub.  Introd.  in  1816. 
Flowers  greenish  white;  May.  Acorns  occasionally  produced. 
In  its  Dative  country  this  is  a  tree  of 

vait  diineiiBions,  with  a  scaly  bark,  and 

riuid,  brown,  warty  branches,  clothed,       jl 

when  young,  with  den«e  white  down  j     /\  y%^ 

but  in  England  it  has  not  yet  been  seen   (\\  /\ 

above   lOfl.  hieh,   and  it   requires   to  li  v  ■/l 

attun  this   hcunt  the  protection  of  a  i/X,  yA 

wall.     In  the  Hackney  arboretum,  and   ^>  /  s 

in  that  at  Flitwick,  plants  of  this  spo-    V^  yy 

ciea  have  stood  out,  without  any  pro-       ^A;*^ 

tection,  in  the  open  garden  for  several 

years,  but  they  are  annually  killed  down  '""■  *  "*■**■ 

within  a  short  distance  of  the  ground  ;  nevertheless,  in  Blessrs.  Loddiges'b 

nursery,  plants  in  pots  have  borne  acorns. 

1  ■  40.  Q.  annuliVa  Smilk.     The  nn^^Mpptd  Oak. 

SinwjHrmn.      fl.F»tdaim  Hun.  USH.,  D.  Dm  Prod. 

Fl.  Vtff.  p.  n. ;  10.  Kunroip/I  D,  Dm,  1.  c  ;  a. 
(liaa   Ladi.   iai.  td.  ISK;    ?«.  ([nlici   Tlnm».i 
?  a-  (ciinlnxu  Hon. 
Emgnuimt.    Uurj4(.  104.  (rum  a  llrlng  ipsdmin. 
Sptc.  Char.,  j-c.     Leave*  ovate-lanceolate, 

pointed  ;   dentatcly  seriBted,  except  to> 

wards  the  base;  somewhat  glaucous  and 

downy  beneath.      Fruit    spiked.      Nut 

oblong.     Calyx  fiuTOwed  concentrically. 

(Smik.)   A  large  evergreen  tree.   Nepal, 

in  various  places.  Height  50ft.  to  60  It.; 

in  England  a  half-baray  shrub.     Intro- 

duced  in  1888. 

Leaves  evergreen,  rigid,  somewhat  silky 
beneath, the youngonesverysilky.  Stipules 
linenr,  hairy,  longer  than  the  footstalks, 
deciduous.  Male  flowers  in  pendulous, 
hair}',  vel low ish,  shortish  spikes,  springing 
from  the  buds  below  the  leaves,  lliere  are 
specimens  of  this  tree  in  the  Botanic  Gar- 
den at  Kew,  which  are  found  to  be  deci- 
dedly Kardier  Chan  the  plants  of  Q.  lan&ta 


LXX.   CORYLA*C£«:    QUE'rCUB. 

App.  i.     European  Kinds  of  Oakt  not  yet  introduced. 

Q.  fa^nea  Lani.  Q.  <egi- 
lopiAlia  Wm.  (ouTjSg.  1835. 
from  specimea  in  the  Lio- 
Oman  herbarium.)  —  Leavei 
on  ahort  downj  foobtttlks, 
otwvate,  with  numerous  uaU 
form  shallow  lobes  ;  downy 
beneath ;  somewhat  heart* 
shaped  and  unequal  at  the 
bsse.  Fruit  sesBile.  (SniiA.) 
Nativesof  Spain  and  the  Bouth  '* 
of  France.  Introd.  1840. 

Q.  Kgilopifilia   Pen.   Sjn. 


9.   p.    570.,     Q.   hisp&nica  e 
Lam.,  has  othI,  unuated,  and 


d  leaves,  the  teeth  of 
wbich  are  close  together  and  lug.  «.j^uh. 

almost  obtuse  ;  green  above, 

and  downj  beneath.     The  acoros  are  peduncuUted,  and  balf-enclooed  in  a 
smooth  cup.  t^e  bark  is  cracked,  but  not  corky.     Native  of  Spain. 

Q.  Br^ssa  Boic,  Mem.  rur  Ui  Chenei,  p.  319.  (Ch£ne  Brosse  al  Nantet  ,- 
Cfaine  Dain  Bonami)  bears  so  great  an  analogr  to  Q.  pyreniica  (see  p.  SS3.), 
that,  Bceordnig  to  Bosc,  it  may  possibl;  be  oAy  a  variety  of  that  specieB. 

Q.  i>nnii<i&  Bosc  M£m.  sur  les  Ch§DCs,  p.  316.  (Cbene  Soule,  Chgne 
Osier,  Chene  de  Hai,  ^.)  la  found  in  the  departments  in  the  East  of  France. 
It  is  common  (HI  the  Jura,  end  on  the  mountains  of  the  Vosges.  It  seldom  grows 
higher  then  6  or  8  feet ;  with  a  grey  bark ;  leaves  resemtding  those  of  Q.  pe- 
duncul&ta,  but  much  stnaller,  of  a  brighter  green,  and  always  very  smooth. 

Q.dip<TaBosc,M^.eurlesCheDes,p.388.  (le  Chtee  apre,  ^r.)  hasthe 
leaves  petioled,  coriaceous,  ofa  medium  size,  elongated  irregularly,  but  not  deeply 
lobed ;  the  lobes  broad,  pointed,  and  mucronated.  The  upper  surface  of  the 
leaf  is  studded  with  smaL  tubercles,  beset  with  stiff' bristte-like  hairs  disposed 
in  stars,  which  are  v^  rough  to  the  touch ;  the  under  surfiice  is  downy.  This 
speciea  does  not  attain  any  great  heidlt. 

Chiiu  Leterwden  Bosc,  Mi£m.  sur  Tes  Ch£nea,  p.  3SB.,  is  described  as  nearly 
allied  to  the  preceding  kind. 

Chene  CatMan  Bosc,  M£m.  sur  les  Chines,  p.  3?8.,  has  the  leaves  oval, 
pointed,  slightly  tomenlose  beneath,  with  unequal  teeth,  each  terminated  by  a 
sharp  turned  up  point.  The  acorns  are  borne  three  or  four  tt^ether  on  short 
peduncles.     Alniitdant  on  the  sand;  mountains  of  Old  Castile, 


690  ARBORETUM   ET   VROTICETUM   BRITAMNICUM. 

App.  ii.     Oo^f  of  Africa,  Asia  Minor,  and  Pernoy  tmitf  partially 
introduced. 
Q.  eblicla  Poir.  IXci,  Encyc.   Stqipl.   2.  p.  818^  N,  Du  Ham.  7.  p.  163. 
—  A  ver;  doubtful  species. 

Q.  infidiria  Oliv.  Voy.  dana  TEmp.  Ottom. 
1.  p.  253.  t.  14^    a.  ctiritesis  WUld.;  Chine  k 
Oallei,  JV.  i   Farber  Eiche,  Ger.      (Our   &», 
1638.  and  1639.;  the  fint  (rom  OliTier,  and  the. 
BMODd  from  Du  Bamel.) — Lesvea  ovate-oblong, 
.   Tcrj  smooth  on  both  sides, 
deeply  toothed,  somewbU 
vinuated,  deciduous.   Fruit 
^  sesiile;  ripening  the  second 
yew.      Calyx    tessellated. 
Hut  ebngated,  nearly  cy- 
lindrical. (.S"-)   A  decidu- 
ous shrub.     Turkey  and 
•■      '  Greece,  and  the  North  of  "w-  «■  i-fc-teh. 

Africa.     Height  4  ft.  to  6  ft.     Introduced  ?. 

The  leaves  are  about  1  or  H  inches  long,  bri^t  green,  smooth  on  both 
sides,  but  paler  beneath  ;  thnr  serratures  are  deep  and  broad,  not  acutely 
pointed.  Fruit  solitary,  nearly  sessile.  Cup  slightly  downy ;  its  scales  not 
ray  distinct.  Acorn  two  or  three  times  longer  than  the  cup,  smooth,  nearly 
cylindricaL  OJiTier  ofaserres  that  this  plant,  besides  produdog  the  galls  of 
commerce,  bears  a  number  of  different  kinds  of  this  . 
excrescence,  which  are  neglected  as  useless.  The  de-  r 
scription  and  figures  of  these  galls,  and  of  the  insects  i 
which  cause  their  production,  are  in  our  first  edition. 

Q.  UbAni  Oyfai.  t.  49.  t  8.  (our  )%,  1640.),  Q.  rigida  v 
Wm.  0%-  810*.  in  p.  1 1 10.),  Q.  ibZrica  Sin.,  Q.  cw- 
taneaeMlia  C.  A.  Meyer  (Plants  Cannco-Oaucasicte,  1. 
p.0.  1. 1. )  and  our^.  1641.),  and  Q.  mougblica  tUch. 
•re  described  in  our  Brst  edition. 

Q.  mamifera  Lindl,  Bot.  R«  C%n».,  1840,  No.  72., 
and  also  Q.  mong^lica,  ■{q>ear  to  be  nothing  more  than 
varieties  of  Q.K»)lifldrB.  The  latter  produces  the  Koor- 
distan  manna,  a  sweet  glutinous  subrtance,  which  ooces 
from  the  upper  surftce  of  the  leaves  during  the  hottest  nwnths  of  the  year. 
(Bee  Fenny  Ctfc,,  art  Quercus,  p.  fil5.  )  ana  Q>  sesmlifldra,  in  our  p.  SSI.) 


Lxx.  cokyla\xx:  que'rcus.  691 

Q.  r/ffa  LindL  Bot  R^.  Cfaron.  IS40,  No.  73.,  has  tfae  genarst  appear- 
ance of  a  Bweet  chestnut  ;  but,  btaaa  described  (rom  irnperfect  Hpeciniens,  very 
little  can  be  smd  about  it  witb  certainty.     Native  of  Koordistan. 

Q.  Brdntii  Lmdl.  Bot.  Reg.  Chron.  1840,  No.  74.,  appears  to  be  nearly 
allied  to  Q.  /Mei.  Named  afler  Mr,  Brant,  the  discoverer,  and  it  it  hoped  that 
acorns  will  soon  be  introduced. 

App.  iiL    Himalayan  Oak*  only  partiaUy  introduced. 

It  is  observed  by  Dr.  Roylc^  that  the  Himalayan  oaka  vary  much  in  appear- 
ance, and  that,  in  all  probability,  the  Dumber  of  kinds  at  present  enumerated 
as  ipecies  wilt  hereafler  undergo  "  some  reduction."  It  has  also  been  sug- 
gested to  us  by  ProtesBor  Don,  that  several  of  the  Nepal  and  Japan  oaks  de- 
scribed by  Euitnors  under  different  names  are  probably  the  same.  As  seeds  of 
every  kind  are  constantty  received  from  the  ffimalayas,  some  of  these  kinds 
may  be  already  in  the  country,  and  probably  the  whole  will  be  soon  obtuned. 

q.  ipicdla  Smith  in  Rees'i  Cycl.  No.  12.  Q-  aquainkta  Rox.  Hari.  Baig. 
p.  68. ;  JQ.  A'rcula  Ham.  HSS.    (Wallich  PL  As.  Rar.  AsiaL,  t.  U. ;  and  our 


Jig.  1642.)  —  Leaves  elliplic-lanceolate,  quite  entire,  veiy  sharply  pointed  t 
acute  at  the  base,  sometimes  obtuse  ;  smooth.  One  of  tKe  Urgest,  as  well  a> 
ts  of  oak  in  Nepal,  where  it  attains  the  most  gigantic  size. 
a  colour,  and  most  probably 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BBITANNICUH. 


bably  accidentBlly],  crowded  3  togetli^ 
Acorns  eatable,  but  not  yery  good  ;  ihe  si 
painted,  dark  brown ;  their  cups  abort,  scaly.  (Smili.) 


.  r.  1643.),  and  Q.  velutlna  Xuuf/.  (Wall. 
JSg.  1645.)  are  described 
ia  our  first  edition. 

Q.  laniello4a  Smith. 
Q.  imbricits  Ham. 
MSS.,  D.  Don  Prod. 
Fl.  Ifep.  p. 57.  (Wall.. 
PI.  As.  Rar.,  t.  149.  ; 
our^.  1644.)— Leaves 

rated,  flat,  glabroug, 
acute,  on  long  (bat- 
stalks  i  obtuse  at  the 
baxe ;  ^ucouB  beneath ; 
the  veins  cootinued  to 
the  lemuures ;  veinlets 
raised.  Cups  Bobtary, 
seEsile,  depressed,  and 
downy  J  composed  of 
scales  forming  looselv 
imbricated,  undulated, 
concentric  layers,  which 
surround  the  nut  Nut 
tomentose,   bossed,  de-  * 

pressed,    shorter    than  '•*•■  *■■"*** 

the  cup.  (Liadi.  MSB.,  db  quoted  by  Wallicb.)     A  DUive  of  the  mountaiiu 
of  Nepal ;  ripening  its  fruit  toward*  the  end  of  the  year. 


Lxx.  coryla'cea:  qus'rcus. 


:.  174.  i  and  our  j^.  1646.) 

App.  iv.    Oaki  of  Japan,  CofMn-ChinOy  and  China,  moit  o^wAicA 
have  not  yet  been  introduced. 

Q.  glabra  Thunb.  —  Sieboldt  state* 
that  this  oak  bears  clipping,  on  which 
account  it  is  very  commonly  found 
round  places  of  worship  and  in  gar- 
deoB,  where  it  is  cut  into  the  tona  of 
pyramids,  globes,  and  other  figures.  In 
garden  scenery,  in  Japan,  where  the 
geometrical  stvie  is  imitated,  this  oak 
IS  used  as  the  beech  and  the  hawthorn 
are  in  Europe ;  but  it  has  the  advantage 
of  these  trees  in  being  evei^green.  lo- 
troJuced  to  the  Leyden  Botanic  Garden 
in  1830,  and  found  there  quite  hardy. 
(S€b.  Ft.  Jap.,  p.  9.) 

Q.  conc^ntrica  Low,  i  Q.  acitta 
THasi.;  Q.  serrtita  ThmA ,  introd.  1837  j 
Q.  glalJcB  Tltunb. ;  Q.  oupidiku  7%ur£. 
(Sieb.  Fl,  Jap.,  t.  8  ;  and  our  J%. 
1647.) ;  Q.  dentita  Thunb.,  hills  of  Ja- 
pan ;  Q,  obovita  Bmge,  and  Q.  chin^n- 
sis  Bange,  are  described  in  our  first  ed. 

Bunge  obaerred  a  third  species  on  the 
mountains  of  Pan-Sehan,  very  similar  to 
Q.  mongAlica  Fitch. 

App.  V.     OoAs  of  Java,  Sumatra,  and  the  Molucca  hies,  not  yet 

introduced. 

Q.  niidaica  Blume  F.  Jav.  t.  3.  Euid  3.,  and  atajigt.  1646.  and  1649.     The 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Suodt  Oak. — Leaves  elliptic,  acuioinBte;  naiTOwed  towards  the  base ;  ^labroiu 
above,  somewhat  glauccwi  beneath  ;  veins  covered  with  down.  Catkins  ooli- 
tai^.  A  tree,  attaining  the  he^t  of  80  It.  and  upwards,  with  smooth  bark. 
It  IS  not  unfrequent  in  the  woods  or  Western  Java,  in  low  grounds,  and  on 
the  banks  of  rivers. 

Q.pnwiaiaBlume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  1.;  and  ourj&.  16A0.      The  froatv  Oak. — 
Leaves  ovate  or  ov^-oblong,  acuminate;  rountfish  at  the  base.     Branchlets 
and  leaves  covered  beneath  with  siuidl  yellowish  scalea.     Fru 
short  spikca.     Cup  concave,  covered  with  Hmall  scales.    Nuts 
A  beautirul  tree,  from  fiOft.  to  00  ft.  high,  with  a  thick  baric. 


Q.aiuaila(a  Bluine  Fl.  Jav.  t.  T.  i  and  our ^.  1651.  The  nairow-^MMrf 
Oak. — Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate ;  acute  at  each  end ;  shining  above,  glaueotw 
beneath.  Catkins  axillary,  terminal,  elongated.  Cups  flattish,  rough  with 
«mall  scales.  Nuts  roundiBh-ovate.  A  large  spreadii^  tree,  BO  ft.  high,  with 
compnct  wood.  Common  in  the  inountturu  oi  Oedi,  at  devations  of  4000 
and  5000feet.  (Blume.) 


LXX.    COEYLA  CE«  :    OUE'B 


<Mc. — Lesrei  oval- 
oblong,    ver;    much   ' 
poiniM  i  acute  at  the  ^ 
base,    quite     entire  ;  K 
glabrous ;  pale-colotir-  a 
ed  beneath.     Catkins  ^ 
terminal,     di<eciouB  ; 
the      male      catlcina 
branched,   fiistigiate  ; 
the  female  one«  sim- 
ple.      A   tree,   Irom 
50  ft.  to  60  a.  high  ; 
flowering  in  June  and 
July.  Found  near  the 

sources  of  the  river  lut.  g.,uiidi.  tut,  ^iour. 

Ijibarrum,     in     the 
mountains  o(  GedL  (Blwue.) 

Q.  RU/ofn  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  13, 14.;  and  ourj^i.  1654.  and  165e.if,f.  The 
libbed-cupped  Oak. — Leaves  oblong,  acuminate ;  acute  at  the  base;  glabrous; 
glaucous  beneath.  Catkins  branched.  Fruit  peduncled.  Nuts  flat  above, 
round  beneath,  immersed  in  the  cup.  Cups  without  leeth,  gurrounded  by 
circular  ribs.  A  tree,  70  ft.  high,  found  in  mountainous  places.  It  is  easil; 
distingiusbed  from  all  the  others  by  the  singukir  form  of  its  cup. 

t.  Totmtdala  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t  1 1. :  and  our  ^.  I6JU.      The  rouad-fivUfd 


Oak. — Leaves  oblons,  acuminate ;  attenuated  at  the  base ;  glabrous ;  etaucous 
beneath,    Fruit  b  short  one-fiidc^  spikes.     Cupa  beniisphencBl,  amy  a  "■  - 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICUM. 


tagrffa,  but  without  tectb  at  tbe  base.  Nult  plano-convex  on  Iheir  apfrer  p«it> 
rounded  beneath.  A  tree,  TO  ft.  high,  with  compact  heavy  wood.  It  is  found 
on  high  mountains,  and  flowers  in  AiigusL  (Blumc.) 

Q.  iteginu  BImne  Fl,  Jav.  t.  10,  i  aait  our^.  1656,  The  el^ant  Oak.— 
Leaves  oboyate,  or  oval-oblong,  bluntly  acuminate,  narrowed  in  the  petiole, 

!;lBbrou9.  Fruit  in  long  spike*.  A  magnificent  tree,  with  a  thick  trunk, 
requently  attaining  the  height  of  60  ft.  A  native  of  tbe  woods  of  tbe 
province  of  Bantam,  and  in  mountainous  places.  (^Blume.) 

Q.  pibcenfi^ta  Blunie  Fl.  Jav.  t.  9. ;  and  our j^,  1657,0,  *,c.  The  placenta- 
cupped  Oak, — Leaves  ovate-obloog,  bluntly  acuminate;  roundiiA  at  the  base; 
coriaceous,  glabrous.  Fruit  in  clusters.  Cup  covered  with  small  tubercles. 
Nuts  roundish,  depressed,  A  tree,  about  40  ft,  hieh,  found  on  tbe  volotnic 
mountain  of  Ged^  at  an  elevation  of  6000  ft.  The  wood  is  rarely  used, 
although  very  hard,  and  capable  of  taking  a  fine  polish.  (fiJumr.) 

Q.^faWmmoBlumeFl.  Jav,  [.  8.  ;  andourj^,  1659,— Introduced  in  1837. 
Q.  plalifcarpa  Blume  Fl,  Jav,  t.  15.  ;  and  our^.  1660,     The  iKuad-Jhiited 


LXX.    CORYLa'cEX:    dUE'RCUS. 


Osk.  —  Leaves  oval-oblong  acute  ;  tome  what  wedge- shaped  at  the  base;  da- 
broua ;  ahiniu  aboTe,  glaucous  beneath.  Fniit  peduncled,  in  short  sp&ei. 
Cups  aurrounaed  beoeath  by  hollow  rings.  Nuts  round,  depressed.  A  lat^ 
tree,  B  native  of  the  wooda  in  the  south  of  the  province  of  &ntain.  (Slume.) 
Q.dapAnoidea  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  I6.{  and  ourj^.  1660.      The  Daphne- 


898  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUH. 

like  Oak. — Leaves  oblong-lKnccwIu^ ;  shaip  at  both  ends,  (juite  entire,  smooth; 
■omewhat  glaucous  beneath.  Fruit  in  long  slender  catkins,  almost  solitary. 
Cups  surrounded  by  concentric  rows  of  tubercles.  Nuts  orate,  sbarf^pointed. 
A  tall  tree,  a  native  of  Bantam.  (Bbane.) 

Q,  raeemdsB  Hook,  in  Comp.  S.  Mag.,  Q.  gemeliifldra  Bliate  Fl.  Jac.  L  IT. 
(our^.  1662.),  Q.mAiAA  Blvme  FL  Jav.  t.  IS.  (our  ^.  1663.),  Q.  urccolnru 
Hoa(.,  and  Q.PseLtdo-niolucca  Afuimf  fJ.  Joe.  t  "  ' 
^.  1664.),  are  described  in  our  first  edition. 


Q.  molicca  Lin.  Sp.  PI.  1413.,  WDId.  No.  U.,  N.  Du  Ham.  7.  p.  I 
The  Molucca  Oak.  —  Leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  entire^  acute  U  eacA  ci 
smooth.     Nut  ronndish,  furrowed.  (^Smilh.) 

Q.  tarbiaala  Blumc  Fl.  Jav.  L  16.  ;  and  our^. 
1665.  The  top-Bheped-mn)^  Oak. — Leaves  oblong- 


lanceolate,  sharp  at  both  ends,  sharply 
towards  the  apex,  glabrous.  Cups  top^tit 
handsome  tree,  from  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  higli 


1  of  Salak.  It  U  nearly  allied  to  Q. 
glauca  TTiunb. ;  but  the  leaves  are  broader,  less 
acute  at  the  base,  and  not  glaucous  beneath. 
(^Btume.)  The  acorns  are  of  a  very  singular  shape, 
and  are  enclosed  in  the  cup. 

Q.  linedta  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t.  19.  ;  and  our  ^. 
1666.  The  parallel -veined  Oak.  — Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sharp  at  both  ends,  serrated  or  entire  ; 
glabrous  above,  glaucoua  end  downy  beneath.  Nuta 
small,  Ecarcely  reaching  a  line  above  the  cup  ;  ^ 
crowned  at  the  tip  bv  a  long  umbo.  A  large  trae, 
attaining  the  height  of  80  (t.  and  upwards.  A  native 
of  the  west  of  Java,  in  woods,  at  elevations  of 
5000  (t.  to  6000  ft.  (Blume.}  "»■  •■'*** 

Many  of  the  above  species  would  doubtless  prove  hardy  in  the  climate  of 
London. 

App  vi.     Mexican  Oaka  only  partiaUy  itUroduced. 

Acorns  of  many  kinds  of  Mexican  oaks  have  lately  been  sent  home  by 
Hartweg,  and  other  botanical  collectors,  so  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
several  of  the  species  enumerated  above  are  already  in  the  country. 

'  Q.  laiapiruu  Uumb.  et  Boop.  PI.  jEquin.  t.  75.  (our^,  1067.)—  Intr<>> 
duced  in  1837.    Horticultural  Sodet/a  Oarden. 


LXX.    CORYUA^CEA  !    QUt'lU 


Q.  glaucitcmt  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  JEquin.  t.  78.,  and  our  ilg.  1666., 
Hichx.  If.  Amer.  Syl.  p.]  11.  —  Leaves  on  short  footstalks,  wedge-shaped, 
obovate  ;  entire  at  the  base  ;  sligbll^  repand  and  toothed  towards  the  top  ; 
glaucous,  and  quite  glabrous.  Fruit  racemose.  (Humi.  el  Bonp.)  A  very 
tall  straight  tree,  quite  glabrous  ;  jounger  branches  angular.  lotroduced  in 
1839,     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Q.  obtutata  Humb.  et  Bomi.  PI.  ^auin.  t.  76.,  and  our  &.  1B69.,  Michx. 
N.  Amer,  S;L  1.  p.  112.  —  Leaves  oblong;  bluut  at  each  end,  uneqiuU  at  the 
base,  wavy  at  the  mar^n,  very  veiny  beneath,  and  aomewhat  downy.  Fruit 
racemose.  (Hunb.  et  Bonp.')  A  native  of  New  Spain,  near  Ano,  at  an 
elevation  of  about  6000  ft.  (994  totses).  A  lofty  tree,  with  a  trunk  from  3  ft 
to  4  ft.  ID  diameter,  covered  with  a  very  thick  deeply  cracked  bark. 


Q.pamUirata  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .«qiun.  t.  77.,  and  our  Jtgi.  1670.  and 


900  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICBTUH    BRITANNICUH. 

and  16TI.,  Hichx.  N.  Amer.  87I.  1.  p.  111.  —  Leares  ot«J- 
oblong,  somewhat  fiddlfr4h^>ed  ;  acute  at  the  poiot,  un- 
equallj  cordate  at  the  baac,  «aiT  ^""^  slightly  ainiiate  on 
the  DiBTgui,  downy  beneath.  Fruit  racemose.  (Siimi.  el 
Bonp.)  Found  in  the  same  habitat  as  the  preceding.  A 
tree,  from  IS  fl.  to  S4  ft.  high. 

Q.  repinda  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quin.  t.  79.,  and  onr 
fig.  1672,,  Michi.  N.  Amer.  SyL  1.  p.  108.— Leave*  obloag- 
othI,  on  short  footstalks ;  downy  beaeath,  ^abrous  above ; 


Q.  laMna  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  ^uin.  t.  80.,  and  mir  Jig.  1673.,  Sfidix. 
N.  Amer.  8;l.  1.  p.  108.  —  Leavea  OTal4anc«oW,  sharply  acuminated,  quite 
datwaut :  some  are  a  little  3-p<nnted  at  the  tip.  Fruit  axillary,  almost  senile; 
{Bumi.  et  Sonp.)    A  tall  tree,  with  the  habit  of  Lalinis  n6bilU. 


^iP^ 


Q.  tiderixyla   Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  ^uin.  t  85.,  and  wa  Jig.  167fc- 
Intraduced  in  1899.    Horticultural  Societ/s  Garden. 


1.XX.    C^ORYLA  CES  l    QVR'rCVS. 


a  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PL  £qub.  t.  83^  wid  our  Jig.  1075.  —  In- 
troduced in  I83&.    Uoitieultural  Societv'B  Ovdeu. 

Q.  eriMMipe$  Humb,  et  Boop.  PL  Mquia.   L  83.,  and  our  Jtg.  1676.— 
Introduced  in  1S3D.    Horticultural  Societ/a  Garden. 


Q.  erd$ripei  ongutHJoUa  Humb.  et  Bonp,  PL  .£i|uin.  t.  B4.,  and  our 
16T7h  diflers  from  Q.  crliadpea  in  the  lesTea  bang  narrowed,  and  i 
diminished  towards  the  point.     Found,  along  with  Q.  cr4asipea,  new  Ario. 

Q.  iatuxaidia  Humb.  ct  Bonp.  PL  £quin.  t.81.,  and  our^.  1678.,  Hicbi. 
N.  Amer.  Syi.  1.  p.  107.  — Leavea 
lanceolate,  quite  entire,  wavy ;  the 
axiU  or  theTdna  bearded  beneath; 


903  ABBORETUH    ET    PRUTICSTUH   BRITAKNICITM. 

shining  abOTe.  Fruit  •euile.  Scales  of  the  cup  tDrned  bttckwards.  (Hum6. 
W  Bot^.)     A  tree,  from  30  ft.  to  40  ft.  hid). 

Q.  nrticuldla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  ^quhi.  t.  B6.,  mad  onr^.  1979.— 
Introduced  in  1839.     Honicultiiral  Societal  Oarden. 

Q.  chryiophgUa  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quin.  t.  87.,  Bud  am  J^g.  I6S0., 
Hichx.  V.  Amer.  Syl.  1.  p.  108.  —  Leaves  oblong;  obtuse  at  the  base,  3 — 5- 
pointed  at  the  apes  ;  yellow  beneath.  FenuUe  flowers  in  maay-flowered 
pedunculated  clusters.  (_HuvA.  et  Bonp.)  A  tall  tree  ;  younger  branches 
AlTTOwed,  M  if  with  a  powdery  down. 


Q.piJMlla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  Pi.  .^uin.  t.  88.,  and  our  i^.  1681.,  Hichx. 
N.  Amer.  Svl.  1.  p.  110.  —  Leaves  oblans,  obltiae  ;  emarginate  at  llie  base  ; 
covered  nitn  white  down  beneath  ;  teetn  short,  mucronate.  Fruit  sessile^ 
almost  solitary    (Humb.  ei  Bonp.) 

Q,  tjncdla  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI. 
^qnin.  t.  80.,  and  our  fig.  1663.— 
Introduced  in  ISSD.    H.  8.  Uard, 


*i,.lipMri,  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .Equin.  t. 90.,  and  our  fig.  1682.,  Michx. 
n.  Amer.  Byl.   1.  p.  109,  —  Leaves   obovate,   sharply  toothed  towards  the 


Lxx.  cortla'cea:  qub'rcub.  903 

point ;   teeth   temiinated   by  mucroa  i   covered  on  the  under  surftce  with 
woolly  tomcntum.    Scipulet  pernstent.    Fruit  seuile,  ahnost  ■olicaiy.  (Humb. 
et  Boap.)     A  tree,  about  50  ft.  high.     A  native  of  the  mountains  of  Mexico, 
near  Actopen ;  fcHminK  entire  foretta,  U  an  elevBtion  of  7000  ft.  (1330  toUes). 
Q.  cnui^&lia   Humb.  et  Boap.   PI.  .£quin.    t.  91.,   and  our  ^.  1685., 
Michx.  N.  Ainer.  Syl.  1.  p.  110. — Leaves  we<lg»«hBped,  obovste ;  emarpoBte 
at  the  base,  remotely  toothed,  rtpand ; 
down;  beneath.    Peduncles  short,  bearing 
1 — 3  Bcoms.  {Humb.  et  Boi^.)     A  tree, 
from  40ft.  to  50ft.  high.      A  native  of 
New  Spain,  near  Chilpandngo. 


Q.  defiritta  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £quin.  t.  92.,  and  our^.  1684.,  Miehx. 
N.  Amer.  Syl.  1 .  p.  108.  —  Leaves  obloi^-onil,  acute,  entire,  rarelv  mucro- 
nate ;  dentate,  evergreen,  quite  glabrotw.  Fruit  neatXy  sessile,  antf  solitary. 
( Humi,  el  BoiH>,)     An  evergreen  shrub,  from  1  ft.  to  9  ft.  high. 

Q.  am6(^  Hoinb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .£quin.   t.  93.,  and  our^.  1666.,  Michx. 

N,  Amer.  8yl,  1.  p.  III.— Leaves  oblong-obomte,  wavy;  obtuse  at  die  base; 

reticulately  veined  beneath,  somewhat  bury. 

Female  spike  pedunculated.  (Hmnb.  et  Bonp.) 

A  tree,  40  ft.  high. 


J! 


&04  ARBORETUM    BT    FKUTtCBTUU   BItlTAHNICUH. 

Q.  cm^t^Ma  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  .Squtn.  t.  94.,  uid  our  figi.  1 686.  »aA 
1687.,  Uchx.  N.  Amer.  Sjl.  1.  p.  106.  —  LesTe*  eversreen,  linemr-Janceolmtc, 
mucroDftted,  recurred  at  the  margin,  qmte  entire  ;  downj  beneath.  Fmit 
leMile.  IHuvA.  et  Bmip.y  An  evergreen  shrub,  rrom  15ft.  to  !0  ft.  hi^fa.  A 
native  of  the  temperate  and  mouotainoui  regions  of  New  Spain,  between  the 
town  oT  OuuMUtMta  and  Santa  Rosa.     iDtroiluoed  in  1837. 

Q.  tniUm  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PI.  £qu)n.  t.  96.,  and  our  Jig.  1689.,   Hkhx. 
N.  Amer.  S;l.  1.  p.  107.— Leaves  obloog,  retuse  at  the  base,  generall;  broada 
towards  the  apex,  3-dentate  ;   teeth  termiiuited  b;  briKlj  paints  i   dowaj 
bcDeath.    Bpikes  of  female  flow- 
en   almost    sessile.     (Humb.   et 
Bonp.)      A  shrub,  about   10  ft. 
high,  with  round  smooth  branches. 
A  Dative  of  New  Spain,  and  cont- 
moit  in  the  vicinitj  qS  Moran. 


)^ 


Q,  aaayoHa  Willd.,  Humb.  et  Bonp.  PL  ^uin.  t.  95.,  and  our  j^.  1600. 
— Introduced  in  1839,     Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

Q.  elliptica  Wiiid..  Q.  mucronata  WiUd..  Q.  tomentosa  WUU,  Q.  clr> 
cinata  IViiid.,  Q.  gpl^ndens  Wiild.,  Q.  rugi^ 
mad.  {Sg.  1691.),  Q.  macrophjtlla  Wiiid., 
Q.  diveniiSli^  Wiild..  Q.  dindicans  WilM.,  Q. 
■iiicrophylla  WiUd.,  Q.  lobala  Willd.,  Q.  mae- 
nohaJSHa  Willd.  Q.  Utea  WiOd.,  and  Q. 
taticifdlia  Willd.,  are  described  in  our  Gret 
edition. 

Q.  lancyalia  Cham,  et  Schlect.  Linnsa  v.  j 
p.  78.  —  Leaves  smooth,  narrow,  oblong-lan- 
ceolate,  serrate,  dentate,  subcorlaceous,  fea- 
lher-n(^ved.      Fruit   sessile.      Capsule   sub- 
hemispherical.      Nut  conoid.      Leaves  3  in. 

to   6  m.  long.      Found  near  Mollino  do   la  ,„,    a™4» 

Pedr^uera.     Introduced  in  1839.     H.  S. 

Q.peHoldni  Benth.  Plant.  Hartweg.  No.  480.  —  Leaves  oblong,  scute, 
entire ;  woolly  beneath.  Fruit  sub-sesHile,  sub-sotitary.  Leaves  between 
2  in.  and  3  in.  long.  A  tree,  40  ft.  high.  Found  on  hiUs  near  Hunsco.  In- 
troduced in  1839.     Horticultural  Society's  Uanien. 

Q.  dysophtlla  BailA.  Plant.  Hariuifg.  No.  421..  Q.  A'lamo  fiiid.  No.  483.. 
Q.  barttincrvis  Ibid.  No.  427.,  Q.  gtabr^ens  Ibid.  No.  4S8.,  Q.  Hartwjgi 
lind.  No.  432.,  end  some  others,  have  been  ducora^  bjr  Hartweg,  who  h«i 
sent  home  specimens  of  all,  and  acorna  of  some,  to  the  Horticulture  Society. 


Lxx.  corylaVe£:  j^a^gus.  905 

Genus  II. 


FAMOUS  L,    Thb  Bbech.    Lin,  Sytt.  Monoe'cia  Poly&ndria. 

Mentificathm.    Lin.  Gen.,  No.  107S. :  Wllld.  Sp.  Fl.,  leM.  t  N.  Du  Ham.,  8.  p.  79. 

Sfftumifwte*.    According  to  Baubln,  tne  Fagut  of  the  RomanB,  and  the  Oxua  of  the  Greek* ;  Ckf  tinea 

Toum.  358. ;  Hktn.  Fr. ;  Bttche,  O^r. :  Beuke,  Dutch ;  Bog,  Dan.  j  Bok,  8wff€d. ;  Buk,  Buu. 

and  Pol. ;  Faggto,  Jial. ;  Haya,  ^^tm.  \  Faya,  Port, 
DerivatHm.    From  pkagd^  to  eat }  became  the  nuts  were  oied  as  food  in  the  early  ages. 

Gen,  Char,,  8fc,  Maleflowen  in  stalked  drooping  heads  or  capitate  catkins, 
3  or  4  in  each,  attended  by  minute  deciduous  bracteas.  Each  flower 
consists  of  a  5 — 6-cleft  bell-shaped  calyx,  and  8—12  stamens,  that  arise  from 
the  bottom  of  the  calyx,  and  extend  beyond  its  mouth. —  Female  flotvert 
borne  2 — 6  together,  within  a  pitcher-shaped  indistinctly  4-lobed  involucre, 
constituted  of  numerous  unequal  bracteal  scales,  and  interior  scales,  grown 
together.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  calyx,  lengthened  into  a  ladniate  limb, 
and  investing  the  ovary.     .FVtct^  nuts.  {G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous,  rarely  evergreen ;  entire  or 
serrated,  feather-veined,  plaited  in  the  bud.  Flowers  whitish  yellow.  FruU 
covered  with  a  hairy  calyx. — Trees  large,  deciduous,  handsome,  and  some 
evergreen  shrubs  ;  natives  of  the  colder  parts  of  Europe,  North  and  South 
America,  and  Australia. 

A.  C\tpule  muricate,  capsuUfann,     Ovaries  included.     Young  leaves  pUcale. 
Natives  of  Europe,  and  of  North  and  South  America. 

a.  Species  in  Cultivation  in  British  Gardens, 

t  \,  F,  SYLY ATTICA  L,    The  Wood,  or  common^  Beech. 

IdeiU0eatiom.    Lin.  Sp.  PI,,  1416. ;  Bag.  Fl.,  4.  p.  IflS. ;  Hook.  Br.  Fl^  ed.  3.  p.  411. 

SyniMyMW*.    Owtinea  Agua  Scop.  Cam.  Ka  UMl  ;  Agus  BatiM.  Pka  419.  P.  syW^trls  IficAx.  N. 

Amer.  3.  1. 107.  Oxya,  Greek  i  Fagus,  iMt. ;  Htoe  commun,  Pr. ;  gemelne  Biiche,  Oer. ;  Bood- 

beuke,  DstfcJb. 
Sngravimgt.    Bng.  BoL.  1. 1846.  t  N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  94. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.  1st  edit. 

▼oL  viU.  and  oar  Jig.  19)6. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  ovate,  glabrous,  obsoletely  dentate  ;  ciliate  on  their 
margins.  {Willd.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Various  parts  of  Europe ; 
and  one  variety  in  North  America.  Height  60  ft.  to  100  ft.  Flowers 
brownish  ;  May.     Nut  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties. 

%  F.  f .  2  purpurea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  v.  p.  297.  F,  s.  2  ktro-ri^bens  Uu 
Roi ;  Hitre  noir,  FY, ;  the  purple  Beech.  — -  The  buds  and  young 
shoots  are  of  a  rose  colour  :  the  leaves,  when  half-developed,  of  a 
cherry  red ;  and,  when  fully  matured,  at  midsummer,  ot  so  dark 
a  purple  as  to  appear  almost  black.  The  bark,  not  only  of  the 
young  shoots,  but  even  of  the  old  wood  and  of  the  trunk  of  the 
tree,  partakes  stronelv  of  the  same  dark  colour  as  the  leaves. 

¥  F.  f.  3  cuprea  Lodd.  (&t.  ed.  1836.  The  copper-coloured  Beech. — 
A  sub-variety  of  F,  s.  purpi^rea.  Young  shoots  and  leaves  of  a  paler 
colour  than  those  of  the  purple  beech.  It  makes  a  splendid  ap- 
pearance in  the  sunshine,  and  when  the  leaves  are  gently  ruffled  with 
the  wind ;  but,  in  a  state  of  repose,  and  on  a  dark  cloudy  day,  it  can 
hardly  be  distinguished  from  the  common  green-leaved  beech. 

1  F.  s.  As  Joins  variegdtis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  The  leaves  variegated 
with  white  and  yellow,  interspersed  with  some  streaks  of  red  and 
purple.  Thb  variety  is  handsome  in  spring,  when  the  leaves  first 
make  their  appearance ;  but,  in  the  course  of  the  summer,  their 
variegation  is  m  a  great  measure  lost,  and  the  leaves  assume  a  dirty 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRtTANNICUU. 

unhealthy  aspect.  There  are  alio  Tarietie*  with  the  leares  striped  or 
blotched  with  white  only,  and  others  with  only  goUlen-Etriped  leaves. 
P.  I.  5  hetenmhylla.  F.  s.  laciniiu  Lodd.  Cot.  ed.  1836  i  ^.  B.  a>- 
plenifdlia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1BS6  ;  F.  a.  JDcim  Horl. ;  F.  s.  ialicifoBa 
Hart,  i  U£tre  4  Feuillea  de  Saule,  Fr. ;  the  Tarioua.  or  cut,  leaved 


Beech.  —  The  leaves  variously  cut,  as  in  fig.  1692. ; 
narrow  ihreds,  ao  as  to  resemble  a  fern,  a«  in  fig.  1693. ;  and,  at 
other  times,  in  shreds  of  greater  breadth,  like  the  leaves  of  a  wiltow. 
This  variety,  which  may  be  designated  as  more  curioua  than  beauti- 
ful, is  very  u>t  to  return  to 
the  nonaal  form. 
F.  t.  e  criitdla  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
1836.    F.  a.  crfspa  Hort.  ; 
Helre  Crete  de  Coq,  Ft.  ;  \ 
the  crested,  or  curied4eaved 
Beech.     (The  plate  of  this 
tree  in  Art.  Brit.,  1st  edit, 
vol.  viii.;  and  oar  fig.  1694.) 
—  This   variety  is  a  mon- 
strosity,   with    the    leaves 
small,   and    almost  sessile, 
and    crowded     into    amaU 
dense  tuftii,  which  occur  at 
intervals  along  the  branches. 

large  size,  as  may  be  ex- 
pected  from   its  deficieacy 

F.  (.  7  ptndula  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 
IKM.  Iletre  Parasol,  F^. ; 
the  weeping  Beech. — When 
this  variety  is  graAed  stan- 
dard high,  it  brnis  a  very 

WDKular  ajid  highly  beautiful  otject,  well  deserving  a  pi: 
collections  of  weqiui^  trees.  Thoe  is  a  splendid  natural  spe 
'  '  *  "lantauons  bordering  Hilton  Park,  ia  NortIi~' 
a  plate  is  given  in  Arb.  BrH.,  Ist  edit,  •r<A. 


''^ 


Lxx.  coryla'csx:  FA''oua. 

i  F.*.  B  amaicAia,    F.  sylv&tris   itfieix.  A^. 

Amer.   Syl.   t.  107.  j   white   fieecb,   Ainer, 

(Our  fig.   1695._)  —  Oenerally   considered 

by  botaniBts  aa  identical  with  the  conunon 

European  beech.      In  North  America,  it 

fornu  one  of  the  tallest  and  most  majestic 

trees  of  the  forest,  abounding  in  the  middle, 

western,    and    southern    stales,    in  deep   i 

mcHSt  Mil,  Bod  in  a  cool  atmosphere.     Hie  j 

tnmka  of  the  trees  are  frequently  8  ft.,  9  fl.,  t 

and  11  il.  in  circumference,  and  more  than 

100ft.  high.     The  tree  is  less  branchy  than 

F,  foTugiuea,  or  red   beech  of  Anierics  ; 

and  the  perfect  wood  bears  but   n   small 

proportion  to  the  sap,  frequently  occupying         itu.  r.  ■.  uMk 

only  3  in.  in  a  trunk  1  ft.  6  lo.  in  diameter, 

I,  combinins 
„  .     t  once  tlie  I        .  __ 

and  Adonis  of  our  sytva.  The  roots  do  not  descend  deeply  into  the  soil, 
but  extend  to  a  considerable  distance  close  under  the  surface.  The  rootlets 
and  fibres  are  not  nearly  so  nmuerous  as  in  the  ash  and  the  ehn.  The  plants, 
under  nursery  culture,  do  not  grow  so  rapidly  aa  those  of  the  ash  and  the 
elm;  hut,  under  favourable  circumstances,  they  will  attain  the  height  of 
10  ft.  in  i  rears,  and  SO  or  35  feet  in  10  yeara.  In  ^neral,  the  tree  attains  its 
full  growtn,  in  England,  in  60  or  80  ^ears,  when  it  is  fit  to  be  cut  down  for 
timber  purposes  ;  and,  on  good  soils,  it  is  more  than  doubtful  whether  it  will 
lire  much  more  than  100  or  150  years.  The  wood,  which,  when  green,  is 
harder  than  that  of  any  of  our  British  timber  trees,  weighs,  when  in  this 
state,  65  lb.  13  oz.  per  cubic  foot ;  half-dry,  it  weighs  56  lb.  6  oz. ;  and  quite 
dry,  50  lb.  3  oz.  The  wood,  when  the  tree  has  grown  in  good  soil,  and  on 
plains,  has  a  somewhat  reddish  tinge;  but  in  poor  soils,  and  on  mountains,  it 
19  whitish.  The  durability  of  the  wood  is  said  to  be  increased  by  steeping 
it  in  water  ;  and,  according  to  some,  by  disbarking  the  tree  while  standing. 
In  England,  at  the  present  time,  the  beech  is  principally  employed  in  making 
bedsteads  and  chairs ;  and  it  it  also  in  great  demand  for  panels  for  carriages,  and 
for  various  purposes  in  joinery,  cabinet-making,  and  tumerv.  Screws,  wooden 
shovels,  peels  for  bakers'  ovens,  and  rims  for  sieves,  are  also  made  of  it,  and 
in  FrBQce  sabots.  As  fuel,  the  wood  of  the  beech  is  superior  to  that  of  most 
other  trees,  and  the  green  wood  is  generally  preferred  to  that  which  is  dry,  be- 
cause it  burns  slower,  though  it  does  not  give  out  so  much  heat ;  and  hence, 
in  many  places  in  France,  the  tree  is  Irequently  cut  down  in  the  summer 
season.  The  beech,  burnt  green,  produces  heat  aud  light  relatively  to  the 
beech  burnt  dry,  as  1181  is  .to  1540.  For  useful  plantations,  the  beech  is  not 
highly  prized  ;  the  tree  not  being  of  much  value  when  young,  nor  forming  a 
permanent  coppice  wood,  and  the  bark  being  of  little  value.  Beech  of  st^l 
size,  or  of  short  and  crocked  stem,  ia  the  least  valuable  of  all  timber.  On  dry 
chalky  soils,  it  may  be  planted  as  a  timber  tree  ;  but  here,  as  in  many  other 
cases  where  a  straight  clean  trunk  is  wanted,  the  plants  require  to  be  drawn 
up,  either  by  other  trees  of  their  own  species,  or  by  trees  of  a  different  species, 
i^ich  advance  at  nearly  the  some  rate  of  growth  ;  such,  for  example,  as  the 
■weet  chestnut.  Hie  beech  succeeds  best  in  plantations  by  itself;  and, 
— ' ,  there  is  no  membranaceous-leaved  tree  which,  in  a  wild  s'  "     ' 


perhaps,  t 
foresEs,  ia 


foresEs,  ia  found  so  little  intermixed  with  other  species.  It  is  one  of  the 
worst  of  all  trees  for  hedgerowa,  not  only  injuring  the  fence  and  the  adjoining 
crops  by  the  density  of  its  shade,  but  ila  trunk,  when  grown  in  this  situation, 
being  ndther  long,  clean,  nor  straight,  ia  of  little  value  except  for  fiiel.  As 
undeigrowlh,  the  beech  is  not  of  long  duration,  seldom  pushing  from  the 
stools  after  40  or  50  years.  For  bedgefows  &r  shelter,  and  cspedally  for 
those  lolly  narrow  hedges  which  were  ToTmerly  much  in  use  for  enclosing  and 


ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICKTUH    BRITANNICUH. 


tbeltering  gardcDE,  orchards,  and  amall  fields  for  sffbrding  early  grass,  Uie 
beech  has  no  equal  among  deciduous  trees  ;  for,  as  Boutcher  obserres, 
by  retaining  its  withered  leares  all  the  winter,  it  affords  the  tame  protection 
0  evergreen.     The  beedi  will  grow  on  dry  soils,  including  sand,  ^tc]. 


and  chalk,  more  freely  than  most  other  trees  ;  though  it  is  found  in  the 
greatest  perfection  in  sandy  calcareous  loam,  or  in  fresh  sandy  loam  on 
day  or  rock.      The  moat  magnificent  beeches  in  France  are  in  Normandy, 


I  the  private  estate  of  the  kin^,  Louis  Philippe,  where  the  s 
loam  on  chalk  rock.  The  species  is  alwaya  raised  from  the  seeds  or  nut^ 
which  are  commonly  called  roast.  These  begin  to  drop  from  the  husks  in  the 
months  of  October  and  November  ;  and  this  process  may  be  accelerated  by 
shaking  the  tree.  The  nuts  may  then  be  gathered  up,  and  dried  in  the  sun,  or  in 
an  airy  shed  or  loll ;  after  which,  they  may  be  miied  with  sand  that  is  per- 
fectly dry,  at  the  rate  of  three  bushels  of  sand  lo  one  of  mast.  By  some, 
the  mast  is  spread  in  a  thin  stratum  on  a  loft  floor,  without  any  sand  i 
where  It  remains  till  the  following  spring,  being  occasionally  turned  over, 
and  being  covered  with  straw  to  exclude  the  frost.  The  mast,  from  which  an 
oil  is  made  in  France,  retains  its  vital  properties  for  one  year  only ;  and, 
therefore,  it  must  be  sown,  at  the  latest,  during  the  following  spring.  The 
common  time  is  from  the  beginning  of  March  till  the  beginning  of  April. 
Autumn  might  be  adopted  for  sowing,  were  it  not  that  the  nuts  are  greedily 
sought  after,  through  the  winter,  by  mice  and  other  vermin.  The  soil  in  which 
the  nuts  are  sown  ought  always  to  be  light,  and  more  or  lest  rich,  as  the  plants 
are  rather  tender  when  young.  They  may  either  be  sown  in  beds  or  in  drills, 
with  the  usual  covering  of  soil,  being  about  I  in.  The  seeds  should  not  lie 
nearer  to  one  another,  when  sown,  than  1  in.  Hast,  sown  in  the  autumn, 
will  come  up  in  April ;  and  that  sown  in  spring,  seldom  later  than  the 
beginning  of^  May.      The  varieties  are  propa^ted  by  layers,  inarching,  or 


LXX.    CVflYLA  CB£  !    FA  OUS.  90! 

grafting.  When  the  Utter  practice  is  ndopted,  it  u  found  to  be  more  succesi 
{ul  when  the  scions  ore  of  two  gears'  growth,  and  when  the  graft  is  earthed  u 
in  the  manner  practited  with  the  grafts  of  Ainerican  oaks,    (See  p,  862.) 

1  i.  F.  fkbbuqi'nba  Ait.     The  American  (txmpaoMt-viooded  Beech. 


i^— wt.     r.  i^uuic^  litihilli  Dm  Am Harik.  I. p.  Vt.-.'nl 

Kvmiagi.  HUn.N.Anw.  SfUlL  t.106.;  Wiii(.AmD.,t.». 
r».  i  ud  our  A.  !«»■ 

Spec.  Char.,  ifc.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  thidcly 
toothed  ;  downy  beneath ;  citiste  on  the  maivin. 
(WiUd.)  A  deciduous  tree,  so  much  reaembUng 
the  common  European  beech,  as  by  some  to  be 
considered  only  a  Tarietj  of  it.  North  America. 
Height  40  ft.  to  60  ft.  Tutroduced  in  1766,  and 
not  untrequent  in  collections. 

¥  F.  yl   2  atro^mtana.     F.   caroliniane  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836.     (Our  j^.  1607.)  — Leaves 
somewhat  cordate  at  the  baie,  ovate,  slightly        ""'  '-'•="'''■''"■ 
acuminate,   obsoletely  dentate,    and   somewhat   mucrooate.      The 
colour  is  a  very  dark  green,  somewhat  tinged  with  purple  when  fully 
mature.     Hie  veins  of  the  under  nde  of  the  leaf  are  somewhat 
hoary.     Not  common  in  collections. 
P./  3  laiifiSa.    F.  latif&lia  of  Lee"*  Nursery.     (Our  ;%.  1699,)  — 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate ;     tapering    at     the 
base,  feather-nerved,  much 
longer  than  those  of  the 
preceding  variety  in   pro- 
portion to  their  breadth, 
and  of  a  lighter  green. 


i 


.k„«     ^'"?''  '"**''  *■  =»"'y  '"""™  f™"  the  Euromam  one  by  iU  much 

"n TnvS  m  ~,  '!''  fc,,"''  ".'  "f'"«»l  ia  mmam,  .hen,  loom  nlo. 
MoTS,^..W't'""™l'  "'*  f  °"  "'  "=  -k"  "  Euro?™,  h««h.  , 
f™  S?  ooW  ?',?"■  r'  """t,'l~P'l  ■""i.J.  If  frail  iirf  a,  ml 
™I^'        K.  .  1?^   ""'^  "  '"'S^ '  *'"''=   ""^  prickles  of  ■»  alyn  are  )eaa  nu 


910  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICBTUH   BBITAMNICDH. 

b.  Specie*  hdJ  yel  inlradmeed, 
X  3.  F.  OBLiNiUA  Mirb.  The  Mique-letnied  Beech. 
EwiHfM.  Mim,  Hui..  i4.t.n.;■ld(lll^ 
;Ipee■.  Char,,  4*.  Leaves  ovate- 
oblong,  oblique,  acmewhu  rhom- 
boid i  blunt,  Uoubl]'  Mmted, 
entire  at  the  baae;  attenuated 
into  the  petiole,  and  somewhat 
down;.  Ferianth  of  the  male 
flowen  solitary,  hemispherical, 
nnuated.  Anthers  30 — 40.  Cu- 
puleB  capsuliform,  murirate,  4- 
partite ;  B^[tnents  ovate,  obtuse. 
Oraries  included,  3-aided ;  angles  | 
winged.  (MirbeL)  A  tall  tree. 
Chili,  near  Conception ;  flower- 
ing in  September. 


itung  lemet  not  pkcaie. 

a.  Spmet  introduced  i 


^«sr^. 


S/iec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  ovate-elliptic,  obtuse,  crenu- 
late,  leathery,  shining,  glabrous ;  round  at  the  base, 
on  short  footstalks.  Peiianth  of  the  male  llowera 
BOlitary,  turbinate,  5 — T-lobed.  Anthers  10 — 16. 
Cupulesinvolucriform,  smooth,  4~partite  ;  segments 
nearly  linear,  laciniate.  Ovaries  3-eided,  laterally 
exserted  ;  angles  margwate.  (Mahel.)^  An  ever- 
green tree.  Tetra  AA  Fuego,  where  it  forms  vast 
forests.  This  beech  is  also  a  native  of  Von  Die- 
man's  Land,  whrae  it  is  called  the  myrtle  tree  by 
the  colonists.  It  generally  grows  in  the  western 
part  of  the  island,  where  an  esculent  liingua  is 
found  in  clusters  around  the  swollen  parts  of  its 
branches.  Said  to  have  been  intro- 
duced in  1830. 


I  5.  y.  anta'bctica  Font. 

limlifeiUkm.    Font.  In  Conuncnt.  CoMt. 

" '---         "it  M-  ITOt.  fton  KMciD 

im  lEs  Brlltih  MuHam. 


The  antarctic  Beech. 

Sd>i;—-— ■^---' — '^ 

Spec.  Char,,  ipc.  Leaves  ovate,  blunt,  glabrous  ; 
attenuated  at  the  base ;  doubly  dentate  ; 
their  margins  naked.  (WiildS)  A  tree  or 
shrub,  a  native  of  Terra  del  Fui^.  Branches 
rugged,  tortuous.  Leaves  alternate,  pelio- 
late,  l}in.  long;  plicate  ^  veins  on  the 
under  side  somewhat  downy ;  the  teeth 
roundish,  blunt.  Said  to  have  been  intro' 
duced  in  1830. 


LXX.    COfiVLA  CEJE  l    FA'Ot'S. 
b.  ^ledeiTiotyH  mInxltKxd mto  B/ititi  Gardens. 


Id.  Mdi,,  U.  p-W.i  Canp.  But.  Ib|.,  I. 

^e.  Char.,  .Jc.  LedTM  orate-lutL-eolsIe,  some- 
what rhomboid,  pointed;  samited,  coriaceous, 
shining,  ^aoroiu )  vedge-abaped,  and  oblique 
Ht  ^e  base,  oa  rery  short  fooCstalka,  Perianth 
of  the  male  temate,  campanulate,  4 — 5-Iobed. 
Anlhen  8 — 10.  Cupulea  inTolucrifonn,  smooth, 
4-partite ;  isinenta  almost  linear,  ladniate. 
OTBTJes  lateraJl}'  exserted,  S-sided  ;  an^es  mar- 
inate. (Miri.)  A  tall  tree,  a  native  of  Chili, 
where  it  wa«  found,  along_  with  F.  obliijua,  by 
the  botaniat  after  whom  it  had  been  nameJ. 
Whether  it  ia  deciduous  or  everereen  we  are  un- 
certain ;  there  b^ng  no  living  pbnts  of  it  either 
i7M.~  r.  dhuji.  '^  France  or  Eo^and. 

S  7.  F.  DU'BIA  Mirb.     The  dubious  Beech. 


■Iiu.,14.  L  H.  1  nd  oar  ft-  >"!<»• 
^lec.  Char.,  Sre.  Leaves  ovate,  bluntish,  doubly  ser- 
rate, coriaceous,  shining,  glabrous,  round  at  the 
base,  on  short  footstalks.  Perianth  of  the  Diale 
solitary,  turbinate,  5— 7-UAed.  Anthers  10 — 16. 
(JUirb.)  A  South  American  tree,  not  introduced. 
Pro 
loldes, 

gated ;  the  leaves  lai^er,  oval,  and  not  elliptic  ;  and 
dentate,  not  crenulate ;  all  wliich  diSbrences  may  be 
the  result  of  a  more  vigorous  growth.      The  dried 

rcimen,  in  other  respects,  periectly  resembles  that 
F.  Aetutiildes ;  and  Commerson,  Who  gathered  it  at 
the  Struts  of  Magellan,  bad  placed  it  along  with  that 
species,  under  the  name  of  f^tula  aut&rctica.  As 
Mirbel  had  not  seen  the  female  flower,  he  thought  it 
better  not  to  confound  it  with  F.  ietuliiidea. 

Genus  III. 


CASTA'NEA  Tmm.     Thb  Chestnut.      Lm.  Syil.  Monts'cia  Poly&ndria. 

Untl^ladiim.    TunciL,  US.  :  WDM.  Sp.  PI.,  1.  p.  4S0.  i  H.  Du  Bun.,  3.  p.  65. 

SfMo.  ;  Cutuihsira,  FtrL  \  CutMilHrM,  Surd.  tnA  Dan. :  KHCtlton,  Rtitl. 
Dirinsaon.  Fnm  Cailama,  i  town  ta  ThtiuJr, «  from  mothar  tsvn  ot  Uuit  nMnu  In  Fontui. 
Gen.  Char.  Mate  Jhwers  each  consisting  of  a  6-parted  calf  x,  and  10 — 15 
stamens,  affixed  to  its  bottom,  and  extended  beyond  its  mouth.  Flowers 
sessile,  and  disposed  in  groups  along  axillary  stalks  :  each  group  consists  of 
many  flowers,  and  is  involucrated  by  a  bractea  and  a  bracteole. — Female 
floti?ert  consisting  each  of  an  ovary  taper  to  the  tip,  clothed  with  a  calyx, 
and  crowned  by  its  6 — 7 — &<left  limb,  and  bearing  a*  many  styles,  and 
baring  as  many  cells,  with  two  pendulous  ovules  in  each.    The  flowa^  are 


912  ARBORETUM   ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUM. 

disposed  2 — 3  or  more  together,  within  a  bell-shaped,  and  externally 
involucre.    /^Vtct/  2 — 3  nuts,  included  in  a  4-iralved  involucre.  (G,  DomJ) 

Leavet  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous;  serrated  or  entire,  foitfaer- 
nerved,  plaited  in  the  bud.  Flower$  yellowish,  conspicuous  from  the 
abundance  and  length  of  the  male  catkins.  Fhiii  with  a  hairy  calyx  like  that 
of  the  beech. — Trees^  deciduous,  larse,  spreading ;  natives  of  Europe  and 
North  America,  requiring  a  good  soil  to  attain  a  large  size. 

There  is  only  one  European  species,  which  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a  finixt 
tree,  and  as  coppice-wood  ;  the  tunber  of  full-grown  trees  being  brittle,  and 
of  short  duration.  The  foliage  is  large  and  ornamental ;  and,  in  this  and  its 
fruit,  it  bears  a  close  analogy  to  the  beech. 

¥  1.  C  VB^scA  G€Brtn.    The  eatable,  tweet^  or  Spamsk,  Chestnut. 

Id0$U(fieaHom,    Oartn.  Sem.,  1.  p.  181. ;  WllM.  Sp.  PI.,  4.  p.  460. 

a^mamiffma.    Agui  OutAiiM  LdSt.  Hort.  Ctigt  447. ;  Outinn  saUva  MO.  Dkt  No.  I.  s  C.  TidiiiU 

Lam.  Enqfc  1.  p.  706^  Kng.  BoL  t.  886.,  Ent.  K.  4.  p.  151. 
DeriMtkm.    The  term  Sweet  Chettnut  Is  applied  with  reference  to  the  fridfc,  in  ooDtraiHatliKtian  to 

the  firuit  of  the  honeehestnut,  which  it  Utter.    It  is  called  the  Spaniih  diettnot,  becaixae  tha  boat 

chestnuts  for  the  table,  sold  in  the  London  markets,  are  imported  firom  Spain. 
Sngropingt.    Bng.  Bot.,  t.  886. :  N.  Du  Ham.  &  t.  19. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Aib.  Brit.,  lat 

edit.,  ToL  TtU. ;  and  oat  Jig.  1706. 

Spec*  Char,f  S^e,  Leaves  oblons-lanceolate,  acuminate,  mucronatelv  serrated; 
glabrous  on  each  side.  (  WiUdJ)  A  stately  deciduous  tree,  rivallmg  the  oak 
in  size  and  longevitv  ;  but,  in  rcigard  to  its  timber,  comparatively  worthless. 
Asia  Minor.  Hei^t  50  ft.  to  70  ft.  Cultivated  in  the  temperate  parts  of 
Europe  from  time  immemorial.  Flowers  yellowish ;  May.  Fruit  greenish, 
enclosing  a  brown  nut ;  ripe  in  October. 

Varieties,  These  may  be  arranged  in  two  classes  ;  those  which  are  considered 
botanical  varieties,  and  those  which  are  cultivated  on  account  of  their  fruit. 

A.  Bolamcal  Varied, 

t  Q,v.% BipUn^Ua  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  C. heteroph^la HoH, ; C  ladniata 
Hort.;  C  <alicif5lia  Hort. —  The  leaves  cut  into  shreds,  regulariy 
or  irregularly,  and  sometimes  so  as  to  appear  like  linear-lanceolate 
leaves ;  and  hence  the  epithet  of  lalicifdlia. 

.X  C.  CI.  3  cochleata  Lodd.  Cat  1836.  —  The  leaves  cucuUate,  or  hooded, 
with  a  diseased  stunted  appearance. 

Y  C.  o.  4  glabra  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  C.  v.  f^liis  lucidis  Hort. —  The 
leaves  rather  thin,  and  more  shining  than  those  of  the  species. 

I  C.v.b  gla&ca,    C.  gla6ca  Hort.  —  The  leaves  somewhat  glaucous. 

¥  Co.  6  variegdta.  C.  v.  fdliis  aureis  Lodd.  Cat.  1836.  — The  leaves 
variegated  with  yellow,  with  some  streaks  of  white ;  and  the  tree, 
when  of  a  larger  size,  makes  a  splendid  appearance  in  spring,  and  is 
admirably  adapted  for  planting  among  evergreen  shrubs,  along  with 
the  balsam  poplar ;  the  colour  of  whioi,  when  the  leaves  first  expand, 
has  all  the  rich  yellow  of  this  variety. 

¥  C.  V.  7  americdna.  C.  v^sca  Michx,  N.  Amer,  SyL  iii.  p.  9. — This  variety 
has  broader  leaves  than  the  European  chestnut. 

B.  FruU-hearittg  Varieties. 

There  are  upwards  of  20  sorts  cultivated  in  the  London  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  of  which  Mr.  Thompson  considers  the  four  following  as 
deserving  the  preference  for  ornamental  cultivation  :  —  Ch&taignier  pnme, 
C.  Rallue,  the  Downton  Chestnut,  and  Prolific  Chestnut. 

Besides  these  there  are  fiie  following  English  sorts : — Devonshire,  Lewis's, 
Lisbon,  Masters's  Canterbury,  Knight's  FVolific,  and  the  New  Ph>lific. 

The  varieties  cultivated  in  France  for  the  table  are  divided  into  two  kinds, 
viz.  les  chdtaignes  and  les  marrons ;  the  former  bdng  to  the  latter  what  the 
crab  is  to  the  apple.  The  best  marrons  sold  in  Paris  are  the  marrons  de 
Lyons ;  and  the  best  kinds  of  the  common  chestnut  are  : — La  Ch&taigne  de 


Lxx.  corvla'ce^:  casta^mea.  t)l3 

Boil  J  1«  CUiUKne  ordinaire;  la  Ctiatugne  pourtaloDoej  la  Chfttaigne 
printaiu^  ;  la  Chataigne  veite  du  Limousbi,  which  produces  very  lar^ 
excellent  fiiitt ;  and  la  Chatugne  ezalade,  the  fruit  of  whirh  ia  the  best  of 
all  tiie  conuDon  cheBtnuta  for  tlie  table.  (Lt  Bon  Jard.,  1837.) 

The  street  chestnut  diSem  euendally  from  the  oelc,  in  its  timber  Dot  in- 
creasing  in  value  aa  it  iacreases  in  age.  The  tl^lnfc,  iu  deep  free  >oil«,  and  in 
aituations  iheltered  rather  than  exposed,  rises  erect,  and  Ibnns  a  massive 
column  of  wood;  but,  in  unsuitable  soils,  and  in  elevated  exposed  dtuations, 
and  in  cold  climates,  it  ramifies  at  the  beisht  of  10  or  lifeet,  and  the  tree  as- 
Himes  the  cberacter  of  a  large  pollard.  The  root  descends  perpendicularly, 
like  that  of  the  oak,  but  not.  as  it  is  allied,  to  quite  so  great  a  depth.  The 
rale  of  growth  of  young  trees,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  averages  from 
Sft.to3ft.  ayearforlhefint  lOorlSyears,  The  tree  will  atlaio  the  height 
of  from  60  ft.  lo  80  ft.  in  from  SO  to  60  years  ;  before  which  period  its  timber 
b  generally  in  the  highest  d^ee  of  perfection ;  but  (he  tree  will  live  for  se- 
renl  centuries  elterward^  and  produce  abundance  of  fruit;  its  timber,  in  the 
mean  while,  banning  to  decay  at  the  heart,  or  become  brittle,  and  fit  only 
fin-  fuel.  The  wood  of  the  chestnut  has  the  remarkable  property  of  being  more 
durable  when  it  is  young  than  when  it  is  old;  the  sap  or  outer  wood  very 
soon  changing  into  heart  wood ;  and  hence  the  great  value  of  this  tree  for 


posts,  lencing-foles,  stakes,  IrelliswoHt,  hoops,  &c.  The  woodjwhen  green, 
wei^s  681b.  9 01.  per  cubic  foot ;  and  when  dry,  411b.  2oe.  The  wood  is 
eas3^  distinguished  from  that  of  the  oak,  by  the  transverse  fibres  being  more 
confused,  ami  much  less  evident  to  the  naked  eye,  more  especialtv  in  a  sertion 
newly  cut ;  so  that,  to  ascerlain  whether  a  plank  of  timber  Is  oaK  or  chestnut, 
it  is  only  necrssaiy  to  saw  offa  thin  slice  at  one  of  its  extremities.  The  barli, 
especially  of  youn|t  trees,  is  used  for  tanning;  but  it  only  sells  for  half  the 
price  of  that  of  oiut.     As  a  tree  for  useful  plantations,  the  chestnut  is  chiefly 


914  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

TiluaUe  u  underwood,  and  for  its  fniiL  As  underwood,  it  ii  grown  n  Ei^hiid 
Tor  hop-poles,  Tence-wood,  and  hoopB.  The  poles  Uat  ax  lon§  as  tboM  M  the 
aah,  and  longer ;  but  thev  do  not  grow  so  fast,  and  they  arc  apt  to  send  out 
■lout  side  shoots,  which,  if  not  checked,  cnther  by  pnining  or  by  the  cloaeoess 
of  the  plantation,  cause  the  upper  part  of  the  |>oleco  diminish  in  sute  too  lapidlf. 
The  chestnut,  like  the  beech,  prefos  a  deep  sandy  loam.  It  will  not  thnre  m 
■tiff  tenacious  soil;  and,  in  a  rich  loam,  iu  timber,  and  eren  its  poles  and 
boops,  are  brittle,  and  good  for  nothing.  The  species  is  propagated  by  tbe 
nut,  which  mfty  be  treated  exactly  in  the  tame  manner  as  tba  acorn  ;  and  tiie 
rarietien  are  perpetuated  by  grafting. 

JmS.C,  pu'hiu  WUld.     The  Dwarf  Chestnut,  or  OiaiupM. 

t^Hliflcatiam.    WUU.  8p.PI..4.p.Ml.;  Mlctil.  Anur^l-p.  191. 

Sgman/ma.    nrm  pbnillii  Lm.  Sp.  PI.  14IB.  j  C^Unc*  pDnna  Tlrflnlliss,  at,  Fit*.  Aim.  90. ; 

Cbfiatfnir  Oihicaplli,  Pr.  i  IwtRli  Kutule,  or  CuUnJi.  Grr. 

Hkliui  l  iBdJIt.  1708,  ft^  tbe  tree  in  (ti«  Honlcultun]  SociMy"!  Gmiitn. 
Spec.  Char.,  4^.  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  mucronntely  termted  ;  cohered  with 
white  tomentum  beneath.  (WiUd.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  North  America, 
New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Lower 
Louisiana.  Heieht  8  ft.  to  MfL  Introduced  in  1699.  Flowers  ycDow  ; 
May.     Fruit  half  the  size  of  ihe  comntOD  chestnut 


In  dry  arid  soils  C.  pilmila  is  a  shrub  not  exceediog  6  or  7  feet  ui  bdght, 
'  'n  rich  soil  it  is  a  low  tree.     The  leaves  are  3  or  4  inches  long,  ahaiply 


toothed,  and  similar  in  form  to  those  of  Ihe  C.  v.  ainericitiii ;  from  * 

'ley  are  distinguished  by  their  inferior  size,  and  the  whiteness  of  tbeir 
,iaer  surface. .  The  fructification,  also,  resembles  that  of  C.  v.  americana 
1  form  and  arraneementi  but  the  flowers  and  fruit  are  only  about  half  as 

large,  and  the  nut  is  convex  on  both  sides. 

Speeiet  of  CoMlanea  not  yet  intnduced  into  European  Gardent. 

Several  species  of  chestnuts  have  be«n  dtscovered  in  Nqiai  and  Java; 
some  of  which  were,  at  first,  supposed  to  belong  to  the  genus  Qu^ua,  but 
have  nnce  been  separated  from  tnat  genus,  and  referred  to  Astinea,  by 
Dr.  Lindley ;  and  others  have  been  described  and  figured  by  Blume,  in  hu 
splendid  work  on  the  plants  of  Java.  Dr.  Lindley  has  given  a  synoptical  Kst 
of  the  Indian  Castanese  in  Dr.  Wallich's  Ft.  Ai.  Rar.,  in  which  he  ennmoatM 
nght  different  species,  all  of  which  we  shall  shortly  notice. 

C.  itidica  Box.  Hort.  Beng..  p.  68.,  Lindl.  in  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar.,  Royfc 
]|lust.,p.341.,  is  a  native  of  the  mountains  of  Nepal  uid  Silhet. 


Lxx.  (?obtla\xa:  casta'nea.  915 

C.  Soibirgkii  LindL  L  c. ;  Qu&cui  cMtanic&ipa  Box.  Horl.  Beng,  p.  68^ 
Spreng.  Sftt.  Veg.  3.  p.  856. ;  is  a  natiTe  of  ChitUgon^ 

C.  tpheeroeirpa  Lindl.  1.  c,  Qu^rcus  armats  Box.  MSS,  i«  a  native  of  the 
mounttuna  near  Silhei. 

CtTibuTdtdeihindLlc.,  Roylellluit.  p.341.  Qu^cus  (ribuldidea  5tniU  in 
Jlnr/f  Cac/.  No.  13.,  A  ZIon  in  Prod.  Nep-  P-  ^6.,  WalL  in  lift. ;  Q.  Cat&ngea 
Ham.  MS8. ;  Q.  ISroz  Box.  HoH.  Bene.  p.  68.  —  This  apedee,  according  to 
Sir  J.  £.  Smith,  was  discoTered  by  Dr.  Buchanan  (Hamilton)  in  the  foresU 
of  [Jpper  Nepal,  flowering  and  fruiting  at  Tarious  seasona.  Dr.  Buchanan  BUp- 
posedit  tobe  an  oak  ;  and  he  describet  it  a*  being  a  tree  with  smooth  braochea, 
and  leaves  on  short  footetallu,  lanceolate,  more  or  leu  ovate,  entire,  taper- 
pointed,  somewhat  unequal  at  tiie  base,  about  4in.  lone,  1}  in.  broad  ;  rigid,  and 
rather  coriaceous,  with  ur^ular,  distant,  il'igfatly  curved  vans ;  the  upper  sutSks 


polished,  and  the  under  one  paler,  and  opaque.  The  flowers  are  geDorally 
moncecious  (though  Dr.  Buchanan  obseivnl  one  tree  with  only  female 
flowers),  in  slender,  downy,  clustered,  axillary  or  terminal  spikes  ;  the  male 
■pikes  being  the  more  numerous.  Stamens  about  8,  with  a  dotted  central  disk. 
The  calyx  of  the  fruit  is  armed  with  •lerj  numowus,  ligid,  prominent,  sharp 


lnncealat»<)bloiig,  acuminate,  qjite  entire,  smooth,  on  short  footstalks,  acute 


at  the  base,  ulvery  beneath.  Calkio* 
downy,  densely  clothed  with  palmate 
hrancky  ^nes,  divaricate.  {Wall.')  A 
native  of  Hartaban,  near  Amherst. 

C.  Tungdrrut  if/unw'  Bjdr.  Fl.  Jm.  t.  iiiol  cliv^wm. 

SS.,  and  our  Jig.  1710.,  has   the  leovea 

elliptiooblong.  acute,  and  ash.coloured  beneath.  The  veins  and  catkins  are 
downy,  tt  is  an  immense  tree,  150  ft.  high  ;  and  is  found  in  the  province  of 
Bantam,  at  an  elevation  of  from  4000  (i.  to  BOOOft.  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.     The  natives  call  it  Tungjrrut,  or  Tungerreh.  {Bhtme  Fl.  Jm.) 

Catldnea  argenlea  Blume  R  Jav.  t.  SI.,  and  oar  Jig.  ITU.,  has  the  leaves 
oblong-lanccoiate,  much  acuminated,  narrowed  towards  the  base,  glabrous 
and  silvery  beneath.  Catkins  silky.  A  tall  tree,  with  a  thick  trunk  t  a  native 
of  mountains  in  the  west  of  Java.  The  wood  is  used  for  beams  and  the  axle- 
trees  of  waggons;  and  the  acorns  are  eaten  when  boiled  or  roasted,  (Blume.) 

C.  jardiuni  Blume  Fl.  Jav.  t .  83, 84.,  and  our  j^.  1 7 18.,  has  the  leaves  hlcate, 
oblong-lanceolate,  riiarp  at  both  ends,  glebrons,  ochreous  beneath ;  the 
yoiuigCT  ones  streaked  underneath  with  dark  yellow.  A  lofly  tree,  attaining 
the  height  of  180ft.,  with  a  trunk  Tft.  in  girt.     Common  in  the  woods  of 


ARBOBBTDH   BT  rRUTICETUM  BBITAHHICUM. 


ftjillW 


JO  of  Oedi.    Blume  mentuH)*  two  wietiea :  C.j.  mc 
.  ?.  mootiDB  Blume  Bidr.  la  p.  388.;  ud  C.J.  fiicjscen*.  {BlfMc.} 
C.  tminni  Uatfl.  in  WaU.  PI.  A«.  lUi^  w  k  mtire  of  Sio^epore. 
C.  g*wfwjii  Spreng.  ig  mentioiwd  in  our  Horttu  BHttmmau. 


CAItPlNUS  L.     Ths  HoBKBKiM.     La.  Sytl.  HonceNna  Polyfndrit. 
a.rr.i  I 

eonUnfl  (a  Hib*.  fra  ,  .        ,     , 

,.  tbevotH  of  QWi:  tnd.  BcronUnf  Id  othvn,frain  tbo  RaDuu  qiIdi  Uh  -, 

'»Ki>tQfih»rtol,whidi  Uwf  nUM  Biriinifw.  inJ  whMi  UieBntdMHlll  aflltw.  Tb* 

"■ ■-  — J^—.^-  • .•--  r. i_i_      Tf^  Eurilih  nun  D(  Hanbiaa  •!■ 

^ , ■  ot  H*lDbiicb(,  M  tbCBH  <(tlH 

vnod  <VT  nuUnt  fro?c«  Id  Uw  |«oin«Crtc  p&jIb  of  fmrdBfilOf . 

Gm.  C*iir,,  4^:,  itfoi;  jfcncNrri.  CoAbii  UlenJ,  lessile,  cj^liodriral.  SraettmM 
imbricate.  Fleuien  coDsutiag  of  li  or  more  stamen*  inserted  at  the  buc 
ofabractea.  j4itden  bearded  at  the  tip,  I-celled. — Female  Jhwen  ia  lax 
temnnal  catkini.  Bracletu  of  two  kinds,  outer  and  inner ;  outer  biacteai 
entire,  soon  ItUling  off*;  ioDer  brafteai  in  pairs,  each  S-Iobed.  Calj/s  dodi- 
ing  the  orar;  to  near  iti  tip,  and  adhering  to  it ;  toothed  at  the  tip.  Sigle 
very  abort.  Stign^t  8,  long,  thre»d'ahu>ed.  Fhdt  not  attendea  b;  the 
inTolucre;  orate,  compressed,  ribbed,  dothed  except  at  the  base,  and 
t)|med  with  the  adnate  cal^ ;  woody  -,  including  one  seed.  (G.  Dim.) 

Leavei  limple,  alternate,  exttipulMe,  deciduous  i  feather-Dcrred,  |da>ted 
ID  the  bud.  Flouieri  very  small,  greenith.  —  Trees,  mostly  of  the  middle 
MM)  uativei  of  Europe,  the   Levant,  and  North  America ;  little  ndued 


S/mgmtmu.    dm*,  Chinia.  fr.  i  BajiitiuclM,  or  Hilnlinrhj,  Orr.  i  Cupliw,  luL 
BtHMUm.    AcumIbi  (a  mm*.  iniBi  car,  wood,  ud  pli,  the  iMad.  CaMe;  tna  Ihi  nod 
UHd  to  nuke  tbenVH  of  mmt:  tnd.  BcronUnf  ~-  -'*- —  ' '■■--  " •--  ^^ 

iBitlrwinrt  orchu1oc,whldi  thay  oUtd  etfr^wt 
FnoDta  DBnia,  Chvmfl,  li  fli'tdnUf  tnm  tba  lu 


ixx.  coKtLA^xxi  cta'bfinus.  917 

rither  for  their  limber  or  ornamental  efiect ;  but  one  species  rakwble  u  r 
prdeo  hedge  pknt.     Common  soil,  and  seeds  or  la;rerB. 


Xurartv>."En|.B<t^  t.  KWl  1  V.  Do  Hb.,  «.  t.  H.  |  Uh  plUW «(  thU  tTH  la  AA.Brtt.,  IM 

^,  Tol.  ilU, ;  *Dd  oat  Jig.  ntL 

^wc.  Omr.,  ^c.    Bracteu  o£  the  fruit  flat,  obk»%,  lerrated,  with  two  lateral 
lobes.   (^SmUA.)    A  deciduoua  tree.    Britain,  and  nrioua  parts  of  Eu- 


le  and  general  cbaracler  resemMins  the  common  bee< 
0  ft.    Flowers  jellowiih  ;  Ha;.    Kuta  brown  ;  ripe 


IC.  B.  8  meini  Lodd.  CaL  1836.  C.  £.  guerdfoliaZhy.  jC.  £.beter»- 

I^^Ua  Hert.  —  Leaves  deeplj'  cut. 
1  C.  B.  3  variegiUa  Lodd.  Cat.  1B36.  — Learea  Tariegaled. 
The  hornbeam,  beins  extremely  patient  of  the  knife,  forms  excellent  hed^. 
The  wood  is  Toy  tou^  and  homy,  and  the  bait  smooth  and  whitish,  or  light 


pey  jotted  with  white ;  and  on  old  trees  it  is  genefally  covered  with  a 
brownish  moss.     The  wood  is  white,  bard,  heavy,  tenacious,  and  very  close- 

Cined  ;  but  it  will  not  take  a  good  polish.  It  we^fas,  when  green,  94  lb.  ; 
Mry,  57  lb. ;  and  auite  dry,  5 1  lb.  It  is  verv  seldom  used  in  construction  t 
partly  because  it  is  sddom  found  of  premier  tumenuons,  and  partly  beouis^ 
when  the  tree  attains  a  large  siie,  the  wood  is  apt  to  become  ihaky,  like  that 
of  the  chestnut.  As  fiiel,  it  surpasses  the  beech  in  the  proportion  of  1655 
to  1540.  For  a  nurse  plant,  and  for  hedges,  it  is  particularly  well  adapted. 
It  will  succeed  in  any  soil  not  too  warm  and  d^.  It  is  naturally  found  on  cold, 


ARBORZTUH   ET    FSUTICETUlf    BRITAHNICUM. 


hard,  ehjej'  saSa,  id  e^ioaed  ntuatioiu  i  but  it  •tUuDS  iti  lir^eat  dunenatiMa 
on  plains,  in  loami,  or  cuyi  that  are  Dot  too  rich.  On  dialk  it  wiL  not  thriTc,  in 
which  respect  it  is  directly  the  rerene  of  the  beech.  Hie  Meds  of  the  honi- 
beam  ripen  in  October  ;  and  thej  are  produced  freelr  in  En^and,  but  addiMa 
in  Scotland ;  the  bunches,  or  cones,  «■  the;  are  called,  which  coDtaiD  tbon, 
•hould  be  gathered  b;  hand,  wheo  the  nuts  are  read;  to  drop  out ;  or  ihej 
majr  be  left  on  the-tree  till  they  drop  ;  when,  though  apart  of  tlie  seed  will 
have  fallen  out,  there  will,  id  all  prob^lulit;,  be  eDough  left  for  future  um, 
the  tree  being  at  preoeat  but  vtry  aparii^y  unnasated  id  Bun^ie^  The  Duti 
aeparate  readily  from  their  «rrelope«i  ana,  it  tbej  are  sown  immediaidy, 
many  of  them  will  come  up  the  fbUowing  tano^  and  all  o(  them  the  Kcond 

Sing.  If  they  are  proMrred  in  dry  Mod,  or  in  their  hiuki,  and  sown  the 
lowit^  ipriDB,  th^  will  come  up  a  year  afttrwardi ;  the  iisnal  coroing 
ii  j  in.  The  plaDta  may  remain  b  the  seed-bed  for  two  yean ;  after  which 
they  may  be  planted  into  nursery  lines,  and  undergo  the  usual  routiDe  treai- 

9  8.  C.  (S.)  AMBBict'NA  Midut.    Tbe  Amecicen  UonAeam. 

UauaaMem.    Mktu.  ^■».,l.p.  IDl.  i  ronkFI.  Abh.  StpUp.Ot. 
^mmrmi.    C  •lnln»ni  Well.  .<r».  1. «. 

Spec.  Char.,  4«-  Bracteas  of  the  fruit  3-partite ;  middle  diviiioD  oUiquei 
oTste^anceolate,  1-tooIhed  on  one  side.  ^WUId.)  A  low  deciduous  tree. 
Nova  Scotia  to  Florida.  Height  13  to  IS  feet,  but  sometimea  &om  25  A. 
to  30  ft.  Introduced  in  1S18.  Flowers  and  flm  like  thoee  of  tbe 
common  hombeani,  and  produced  and  ripened  about  the  same  time^ 
Ute  American  hornbeam  is  smaller  than  that  of  Europe,  but  in  otlier 

reipects  closely  resembles  it.      Pn^x^ated  by  layers,  and  sometimes  by 

imported  seeds. 


M 


9  •  3.  C  (S.)  ORiBfff  aYis  Lam.     The  Oriental  Hornbeam. 

IdriU^caHim.    LuD.  Koctc.,  I,  p.  VK.  i  WUld.  Sp.  F1.,  1.  p.  46).  i  K.  Do  Hui.,  I  dl  ISS. 

fcmjiyim.     C.  dnlntiuU  icaf.  Cmm.  t  EC 

SiWm^li-    Sni|i.  Cun,  t.«0.|  Doid.  Brlt,t.9a.|  ndoui  A.ITia. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bracteas  of  tbe  ftuit  ovate,  unequal  at  the  base,  undirided, 
somewhat  angular,  unequaLy  serrated,  {Wilid.')  A  low  deciduous  tree  or 
shrub.     Asia  Minor  and  the  Lerant.      Hewht  10ft.  to  lift.      Introduced 

in  1739.     Flowers  and  fruit  closely  resembliDg  those  of  the  c "" — " 

beam,  and  produced  and  ripened  about  the  same  time. 


LXX.    CORYLA^CEX:    0  STRYA.  919 

As  it  shoots  out  into  numeroiu  widely  apreadin^,  horitoniat,  ut^uInt 
bniiichai,  it  cannot  be  re^lnrlj'  traiiied  up  wiUi  a  straight  clear  trunk.  The 
leaves  are  much  smaller  than  those  of  the  common  hornbeam,  and  the  branches 
grow  closer  together  ;  so  that  it  is  even  still  better  adapted  for  forming  a 
clipped  hedge  than  that  speciea.    Very  hardy,  and  easily  propagated  by  lasers. 

Spedet  or  Yarietiet  <^  Carjmnu  not  t/el  ialroduced  ialo  European  Gardent, 

Cirpimu  (BJ  Carpnlzza  HnL  FL  Aatl.  S.  p.  630.  —  Leaves  crenately  ser- 
rated  ;  scales  of^the  stroUlM  revolute,  3-c)eft ;  the  middle  Hgrnent  the  Umgest, 
and  quite  entire.     A  native  of  the 
woods  of  TransylvHiiia.  TheTran- 
sylvanians  distinguish  this  sort  from 
C.  £&ulus,  and  call  it  Carpinixza. 

C.  vmtnea  LmdL,  Wall.  PL  As. 
Bar.  1. 106.,  Royle  LIubL  p.  341.,  ' 
and  our  ^.  1716.,  hat  the  leaves  | 
ovate-lanceolate,      much     acumi- 
nated,  doubly  serrated ;    petioles  ■ 
and  Ivanchlets  glabrous  ;  bracteas 
Ihut-bearing,  ovate-oblong,  lacini- 
ate  at  the  base,  somewhat  entire 
U  the  apex,  bluntish.     (Lindl.  in 
WaU.)    A  nadve  of  the  mountains 
of  Nepal,  In  Sirmore  and  Kamaon  ; 
and,  according  to  Royle,  on  Hus- 
souree,  at  the  height  of  0500  ft 
above  the  level  of  Ine  see ;  Sower- 

ing  and  fruiting  from  January  to  ""■  '^'^'"» 

April.     A  fine  tree,  very  like  the  common  atdv. 

C.  fiuinfa  Linitl.,  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar.  8.  p.  5.,  has  the  leaves  ovate-oUong, 
acute,  slarply  serrated,  and  glabrous ;  petiolea  and  branchlets  downy  ;  bracteas 
fiuit-beanng,  somewhat  rhomboid,  with  large  teeth,  acute,  reticulated.  It  is 
nearly  allied  to  C.  orientiklis,  but  diders  in  the  form  and  margin  of  the  leaf, 
\.(Waii.Pt.jU.Sar..2.p.5.) 

Genus  V. 


SB 


(XSTRYA  WHU.     Thb  Hop  Uoknbbam.     Lm,  Sj/il.  Monoe'cia  Polyandria. 
toniyfj.    ai|ilauI^>.w^fiUni(  Hi>piBDlnKlia,fi(r.)  OttrUiAaf. 
nrrfHMH    Fm  firtot,  ■  Msl* ;  Id  nl>rai«  W  tha  mlj  otUni. 

Gen.  Ciar„  j-c.  Maiefioteert  with  the  hractcas  of  the  catkins  simple,  jm- 
hricate.  Flotoeri  of  IS  or  more  stamens,  inserted  at  the  base  of  a 
bractea.  Filamenlt  branched,  each  branch  bearing  an  anther.  AntAert 
each  of  1  cell.  —  Female  fitmiert  with  the  bracteas  small,  deciduous,  /nnh 
laaalKolet  in  pairs,  hair^  at  the  base,  a  pmr  ^wing  together  at  their 
<^>posed  edges,  and  constituting  an  inllated  covering  to  the  opening.  Cafyx 
investing  the  whole  ovary,  ana  extended  at  the  tip  into  a  very  short  dliate 
tube.  Sli/U  short.  S^gmat  8,  long,  thread-shaped.  Frmt  a  small  nut, 
ovate,  bearded  at  the  tip.  The  fruiu  of  a  catkin  imbricately  disposed  into 
an  ovate  spike.  (G.  i>m.) 

Leavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous;  feather-nerved,  ser- 
rated. Fhrtotrt  small,  greenish  white.  —  Trees  deciduous,  small,  in  general 
araearance  like  the  hornbeam  ;  natives  of  Europe  aud  North  America. 
Fropt^ated  by  seeds  or  layers  in  common  soil. 


920  ARBOR£TUH   KT   FRUTICETUH  BBITAMNICUH. 

1  1.  O.  TULQA'Bia  inUd.    lie  Hop  Horabewn. 

SaSk.  Pm.tfa  ;  0.  lUiki.  At.,  Mia*,  arm.  ta.t.\l>*.  I.  1,1.1  CuiuwDWCkllal. 
fiwrwMn.    UlcLx.  OnTt- IH- M.  t. :  DaixL  Brit.,  t.  I«t.i  M.  DuaB>.,>.  I.K  i  tbtr<«« 
(SluruH  Id  Arb.  Brit.  U  xUL,  toL  tUL  i  udourA.  1117. 

Spec.  CAn-.,  ^e.     Strobile*   ovate,  pendulous.     Leavet  OMOe,  acute.     Bud* 

obtuse.  (iVm.')      A  deciduous  tree.     Italy  and   the  South  of  Europe. 

Height  30  ft.  to  40  ft.     latroduced  in   178*.     Flowera  greenisb-white  ; 

Hay,     Fruit  iomII,  whitish  brown ;  ripe  in  October. 

The  hop  horabeuo,  in  ila  generul  ^^leannce,  bark,  bianchcs,  and  fi^in^ 
bean  a.  great  memUance  to  the  oommon  htniibeain ;  but  is  at  once  diM)D> 


guiahed  from  it  by  its  catkins  of  female  flowers.  These  conriit  of  blunt 
scales,  or  bractcal  appendages,  which  are  close,  and  regulariv  imbricated,  ao 
as  to  form  a  cylindrical  strobile,  very  like  the  catkin  of  tne  female  hop  ; 
whereas  in  the  cotumon  hornbeam  the  bracteas  are  i^ien  and  roreading.  lite 
tree  has  a  very  handsome  appearance  when  in  fruit ;  and,  in  bvotirable  ritti- 
ntioDs.  it  will  attain  nearly  as  lai^  a  siie  as  the  comuion  horabewn.  It  i* 
commonly  grafted  on  the  common  hornbeam ;  but,  as  the  growth  of  the 
former  a  more  rapd  than  that  of  the  latter,  unless  the  graft  u  made  imme- 
diately above  the  collar,  the  trunk  of  the  sdon  becomes  too  large  for  that 
of  the  stock,  and  the  tree  is  liable  to  be  blown  down,  or  broken  over  by  the 
wind.     Propagating  by  layers,  <w  by  seeds,  is  therefore  a  preferable  mode. 

T  2.  O.  (f  V.)  tiroi'nica  Willd,    The  Vii:giiiian  Hop  Hombeun. 

MrmlHlcmlfim.    WllU.  Sp.  PI    «.  p.  4S.i  Att.  Hon.  Knr..  S.  p.  Ml  t  FnnAl.  B.OL 
Srmmtriitri,    Orp^mii  TfrglnUu  Ab»,  Int.  t.  B.  lai.  I  drpliiu  O'uiti  Tlrrtslliui  MUi.  R.  SBr. 
•Inn-.  9,  p.  an.  I  C.  0'Ktn  Midu.  K.  Amrr.  I^I.i.f.ti.  with  Ilia  inccpaiiD  of  Cha  S(un,  whlcb 
li  Ihu  of  O.  •ulH'l*  i  l™  Wand,  Lntr  Wnod.  Jmer. ;  Bob  dur.  HUhA. 
Kitmtiii.    AW>.  Iiu.,I.I.rt.;  Fluk.  Aim.,!.  15G.r.  1.;  udowjl^.  ITIS,17IS. 


LXX.    CORYLA  CEa: :    0  STRYA. 


The  Viiginian    hop    hombeain,   or   iron  wood, 
generally  Ibrma  a  tree  about  30  ft.  hi^,  growing 
more  rapidly  than  O.  vulgiris,  and  differing  from  that 
qieciei,  according  to  Willdenow  and  Pursh,  chiefly 
in  the  poMtioa  of  its  Te*  ' 
male   catkini,   whirl)    are 
upright,  instead   of   being 
1  pendulous.     The  tree,  ac- 

cording to  Michaux,  ii 
'  easily  known,  in  winter, 
by  wi  smooth  greyish  bark, 
which  is  finely  divide<^  and 
detached  in  strips  of  not 
more  than  aline  in  breadth. 
In  British  gardens  the  tree 
bears  a  close  resemblance 
to  the  European  hop  bom> 
nit.  o.ih»i.i  iL  beam. 

Gekus  VI. 


Flowers  and  fhilt 


m^ 


CtyRYLUS  L.    The  Hazel.     Ln.  .V-  Honce'd 

Strmantma.    Coodriir,  Ft. ;  Hue 
litTHalim.    Anmrdlnt  to  Km,  J 

Gen.  Char.,  ^c.  Male  fiomen  in  cylindrical  catkins.  Braeteat  sessile  im- 
bricate. Ptrigonal  tcalei  two,  cohering  at  the  base,  and  adnate  to  the 
under  sur&ce  of  the  bracteal  scale.  Slameiu  8,  inserted  upon  the  peri- 
gonal  scales  towards  their  base.  Anthen  bearded  at  the  tip. —  Femak 
Jlouen  in  a  bud-like  catkin,  which  is  developed  ioto  a  branchlet.  Braclml 
teale  ovate,  entire.  Calyi  not  obdous,  formed  of  a  slightly  villous  mem- 
brane,    SHpiuu  8,  long,  thread-shaped.     Fndt  an  orate  nut.  (O.  Hon.) 

Lcavei  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous  i  entire,  feather- veiaed. 
FiovxTt  whitish  in  the  male,  and  red  in  the  female,  jntitruded  before  the 


■  I.  C.  jItblla'na  L.     The  common  Haxel  nut. 

-    llnilSH  a  hml-dnu.  NotlitU  llfnlBci  I 
AunuAw.    K\tc\w.,  I.  191.  i  Eof.  Bot..  I.  TU-i  ud  m fit.  17! 
UOMOD 1  S,  out  Id  trail ;  e,  Iba  nul  vilbpiit  In  aif-  i  ud  rf,  tba  ka 

Spec.  Char.,  i/c,  Stijiules  oblong-obtuse.  Leaves  roundish,  cordate,  pointed. 
Involucre  of  the  fruit  campanulate,  rather  spreatUng,  torn  at  the  margin. 
(fTiAU.)  A  deciduous  shrub  or  low  tree.  Europe  and  the  east  end  west 
of  Asia.  Height  SO  ft.  and  upwards ;  but  commonly  found  in  the  character 
of  a  bush,  as  undelgrowth  in  woods,  especially  of  the  oak.  Male  Sowers 
greyuh  ;  February:  female  flowers  criuisoD;  AprlL  Nut  too  wn;  ripe  in 
October. 


!2  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BltlTAKNlCUM. 

A.  Bolankat  VarieUet, 
■  C  A.  1  tykafrit  Ait.     C.  ^vellaDB  SoatA.,  Bug.  Sol.  t.  723. :  C.  ■;!- 

v£stris  Bauh.  Pin.  418^  aod  our  j!g.  1120,  —  The  common   hud 

nut,  in  a  wild  state. 
•  C.A.8  puaaia.  C.pHtmitiLodd.Cat.ed.  1836.  — Bather  dwarftrtban 

theipecies. 


•  C.  A.  3  Aeltrophylla.    C.  heterophyih  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  1836 ;  C.  Iidniixa 

Horl.  I  C.  unicif&lia  Hort.;  tneTarioui,  or  Nettle,  leaved  HueL 
(Our^.  1781.)  — The  le«rea  rariousi;  cut,  and  thickly  covered 
with  nam. 

*  C  A.  4  jntrpurm.   C.  purpitrea  Lodd.  CtU.  ed.  1836 ;  C.  Itro-purpitrea 

Hort. — The  leave*  of  a  dark  rod  or  purple.  A  vert  Btriktng  variety. 
If  grafted  lUodard  high  on  C.  Coliirna  this  would  make  a  most 
sii^lar  and  beautiful  small  tree.  Grafted  on  the  comn>oa  huel, 
it  in^MTts  its  colour  to  the  leaves  of  the  stock. 

B.  rarietie*  cuitiwUedJar  Aek  Friat. 

The  cultivated  haials  are  of  two  kinds ;  rii.  nuu  and  filberts.  The 
former  Hre  distinguished  b;  the  sbortnest  of  thdr  caljses,  or  busks, 
and  the  latter  bjr  their  length;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  numerous 
crosses  between  these  two  cusses  of  varieUei,  the  distinction  can  scarcelj 
now  be  kept.  i^i.  The  term  filbert  is  supposed,  Mcording  to  some,  to 
be  a  corruption  of  full  beard,  alluding  to  the  husk. 

In  the  Uortiadlwal  SoaeUfi  Calalagtie  of  FYtuU,  31  sorts  of  nuts  and 
filberts  are  enumerated ;  but  the  kinds  best  deserving  of  culture  for  th^ 
fruit,  and  also  as  ornamental  shrubs  or  low  trees,  are  conndered  bj  Hr. 
Thompson  to  be  only  the  five  following :  — 


bert.  Hart.  Soe.  Cat.  No.  18.;  Langbartnuss,  or  Lambertsausa, 
Ger.;  Noisetier  franc  &  fruit  rouge./'oif.  rt  TVrp.  .<lr6.  J^Vwf.  11. 
—  Long  tubular  calyx,  contracting  so  much  beyond  the  apex  of  the 


fruit,  as  to  prevent  its  falling  out. 
C.  A.  ^Ivbuloia  '" 


ilba.     C.  saSvB  ilba  AU.;  C.  A.  tlba  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 


LXX.    CORYLA'CEX: :    O'STRYA. 


fig.  I7S8.)  —  A  moat  remarkable  variet;,  and  veil  deterring  of  cul- 

tivatioa  bi  an  oniBmeDad  ihrub,  from   the  tingular  appearance  it 

pre«eDt«  in  its  greatl;  ladniated  calyx. 
■  C.  A.  S  fcnaw  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.     The  tbm-^helled,  or  CotTord, 

Tfut,  P<na.  Mag.  I.  55.,  Horl.  Soc.  Cat.  No.  12.  —  Nut  with  a  thio 

sheU,  beautifully  striated  longitudinally. 
A  C  A.  9  bartxlcnhuU  Lodd.   Cat.  ed.  1836.    C.  aatlva  grfindia   BauA. 

Pin.  4IH. ;  C.  A.  grfndia  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836 1  the  Cob  Nu^   ayn. 

the  Barcelona  Kut,  DowntOD  la^e  Nut,  &c.,  /fori.  Sac.  Cat.  No. 

8.  —  Forma  a  tree  of  upright  growth,  with  a  short,  ovate,  stightly 

compressed  out,  having  a  thick  and  very  atrong  bard  shell,  well  filled 

by  tne  kcrael. 
The  hazel  grows  best  upon  what  is  called  a  haie)  mould,  that  is  to  sav, 
a  reddish  brown  calcareoua  loam  ;  but  it  will  grow  on  any  aoil,  from  a  chalk 
or  gravel,  to  a  cold  and  wet  day  :  the  rods  are  durable  in  proportion  lo  the 
cbyneas  of  the  ground  on  which  the  baxd  grows,  and  they  ore  particularly 
good  where  the  bottom  is  chalk.  The  situation  most  bvourable  is  on  the 
sides  of  hills,  for  it  will  not  thrive  in  a  soil  where  water  is  stagnant  ;  thoi^, 
like  til  trees  and  shrubs  that  grow  in  dense  masses,  it  requires  a  great 
deal  of  moisture  ;  and,  indeed,  it  will  always  kee^  the  ground  moist  under  it 
by  the  denseness  of  its  shade.  The  species  is  propagated  by  nuts,  and  the 
varieties  by  layers.  The  nuts  may  be  dried  in  the  suu,  and  preserved  in  a 
dry  loft,  covered  with  straw,  or  in  sand,  till  the  following  F^truary;  when  they 
may  be  sown,  and  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  mast  or  chestnuts. 

I  S.  C.  Colu'bna  L.     The  Conslanlmaple  HsieL 
t.  CIIK,  us.  1  N.  Do  Hun,  1.  p.  so. 

untlDi  J/crm.  Luedt.  »l.:  .<Te]iatu  pencrilM  htamlUl  Baa*.  F*t.  4IB.  j  J. 
Clmi.  Bill.  I.  p.  11.  i  C.  ubtina  HerLi  1>  NolHaer  da  Bliuca,  Fr.;  Byun- 

£<wroi*«%n.  SMlMiu.,  i.  L97.  r.  a.;  D«ad.  Bilt,,l.n.  i  tha  plus  of  tUj  In*  Id  Arb.  BriL.  lil 
3il.ri3.  rilU  1  -A  a^Jlf,.  im.  nd  17M. 

Spec,  CMar.,  ^c.  Stipules  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Leaves  roundish  ovate, 
cordate.  Involucre  of  the  Emit  double ;  the  exterior  many-partite,  the  in- 
terior 3-partite ;  divisions  palmate,  (wmd.)  A  deciduous  tree.  Turkey 
and  Aua  Minor.  Hdght  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  Introduced  in  1 665.  Flowera 
and  fruit  as  in  the  common  hazel,  but  longer  and  larger. 

X  C.  C.  S  inUrmidia.     C  intermedia  Lodd.  Cai.  ed.  1836.  —  ProbaUy  a 
hybrid  between  C.  Columa  and  C.  ^fvellana. 


924  ARBORETUM    KT   FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

I  C.  C.  3  or^oriKau  Fiicb,   (Our  i^.  lTS4.^IMKn  from  the 
chiefly  in  the  aiyt.  ot  the  not  being  cut  into  ahredi. 


The  brancfaes  gpread  out  nearly  horuoDtally  ;  the  leaves  are  more  angular, 
and  BoftcT,  than  those  of  the  coEnmoii  haiel ;  and  the  slipula  are  luiear.  The 
Dutc  are  sinall,  round,  almoot  coTcred  with  the  calyx,  which  is  douU^  and 


deeply  laciDWtcJ,  or  rringed,  with  the  point*  recurved.  The  tree  grows  rafiidlT, 
and  with  great  vigour,  having  produced  shoot%  in  the  climate  of  Paris,  6  ft. 


long 
wUfi 


LXX.    COKYLA^CSXt    O'STHTA.  925 

the  cliimte  of  London.  Tt 
grow  in  almost  Hoy  Mnl.but  does  t)en  inone  simiUrto  that  adapted  for  the 
imon  baiel.     It  is  eanlv  prop^ated  by  seed,  Krafts,  or  layers.     GrBfting 
on  the  eotnoion  haiel  is,  nowever,  the  moit  general  way,  as  the  nut  often 
provea  abortive. 
A  3.  C.  ftWTRA^A  Ait.    The  beaked,  Amencan, 
or  CWototf,  HaieL 

Spec.  Otar.,  S^c.     Stipules  linearJanceolate.     Leaves 

ovate-oblong,  acuminate.      Involucre  of  the  fruit 

tubular,  cam^nulate,  larger  than  the  nut,  2-partite ; 

divisions  inciso'dentate.    (JVU/d.)     A  bushy  ded- 

duous  shrub.     Ciuiada  to  Carolina,  on  mountains. 

Hdgbt4ft.  to  Aft.     IntrtKluced  la  1745.    Flowers 

and  fruit  as  in  the  common  hazel. 

Hesembling  the  common  European  baiel,  but  dis- 
tinguished Irom  it  by  ita  fruit  being  covered  with  the 
ralyx,  which  is  prolonged  in  the  form  of  a  long  very 
hairy  beak ;  ana  hence  the  name.  nn.  c  nntK 

A  4.  C.  ambkica'Ma  JUickr.     The  American  Hazel. 

p.  «TI.(  LnU.  Cit.,  (d. 
Ill  B-m^.  Aitr. »  I. »,  f.  a  [  Dwurt  CoekoM  KM, 
\    £i^^Hl^''Wl^.  AB«'..M.  t  V.f.aS.1  uulourA-lTK. 

'  Sptc.  Ch^.,  ^e.  Leaves  roundish,  cordate,  acuminBte.  Invo- 
lucre of  the  fiiut  rounditfa,  campanulate,  longer  than  the  nut ; 
limb  spreadiiu,  dentatdv  serrated.  (Willd^  A  deciduous 
shrub.  Canada  to  Florida,  in  low  shady  woods.  Height  4  ft. 
to  8  ft.  Introduced  in  1706.  Flowers  and  Miit  as  in  the 
conunonhaieL 

'"*•-««''**•  tt  <Ji*era  frora  C. 
rostrlta  about  as 
much  as  the  filbert  from  the 
European  hazel.  The  calyi  is 
la^r  than  the  included  nut, 
the  flavour  of  the  kernel  of 
which  is  said  to  be  very  fine. 

C  Jircx  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar. 
t.  87.,  and  our  ^.   17S9.,  in 
which  a   is   the   nut  with   its  i 
deeply  laciniated  calyoc ;  A,  the  f 
nut  i  c,  the  kernel ;  and  d,  e.\ 

lonntudinal  section  of  the  nut,  .   . 

with  the  kernel  enclosed.  The 
lenvea  are  oblong,  and  much 
pointed.  Stipule*  linear-lance- 
olale.  Ifut  compressed,  and 
half  the  length  of  the  villous, 
S-parted,  ragged,  and  spinous 
involucre.  {Wail.')  A  decidu- 
ous tree,  SO  ft.  high,  with  b 
trunk  sometimes  8  ft.  in  cir- 
cumference, and  somewhat 
glabrous    ashn^olouted    bark.  im.  e.oim. 


920  ARBORETUM   Vt   FRUTICBTUM  BRITANNICUM. 

Nepal,  on  the  mountain  Sheopur.    Flowering  in  September,  and  bearing 
in  December  and  January. 


Order  LXXI.    QARRY J'CEJE. 

Ord,  Cham*  Fhwen  unisexual ;  those  of  the  two  sexes  upon  distinct 
plants.  —  Male.  Fhwen  in  pendulous  catkin-like  racemes,  within  connate 
bracteas.  Co^yjr  44eaved.  Stameru^,  —  Female  f  .FXotoffrf  in  pendulous 
catkin-like  racemes,  within  connate  bracteas.  Cafyje  connate  with  the  ovary, 
2-toothed.  Ovary  1-celled.  Styles  2,  setaceous.  Ovulet  2,  pendulous, 
with  funiculi  as  long  as  themselves.  Frwt  a  berried  pericarp,  not  opening, 
containing  2  seeds.  Embryo  very  minute,  in  the  base  of  a  great  mass  of 
fleshy  albumen.  (G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  serrated  or  entire.  — 
Flowers  in  long  pendulous  catKins.  Wom  without  distinct  concentric 
zones.  —  Shrubs  evergreen ;  natives  of  California  and  Mexico. 

Genus  L 


a 


GA'RRYil  Doug.    Thb  Garrya.    Un.  Syst.  Dioe'cia  Tetrindria. 

Abaf^Mtiba.    Ltndl.  in  Hot  Reg.,  t  I6BS. 

DerHnMon,    Named  by  Mr.  DoiuUi  in  oompUnMnt  to  Nkkolas  Garry^  Etq^^  Secretarvto  the  Hod> 

•on*i  Bej  Companj,  to  whoie  undnesi  and  aadstance  he  was  much  Indebted  doriog  nif  tnrdt  In 

North-weak  Amerioa. 

Gen,  Char,    See  Ord.  Char. 

Only  two  species  have  been  introduced,  which  are  very  ornamental,  grow 
in  loamy  soil,  and  are  propagated  by  layers. 

a  1.  G.  ELLi'PTiCA  Doug,    The  elliptic-leaved  Garrya. 

IdetUifieaikm.    BoL  Reg.,  1. 1686. 

Emgnnimg$,    Bot.  Reg.*  1. 1686.  {  and  nnxfig,  1710. 

Spec,  Char,.  S^c,  Branches,  when  young,  pubescent  and 
purpKsh ;  when  older,  smooth  and  greyish.  Leaves 
opposite,  exstipulate,  wavy,  on  short  footstalks,  oblong 
acute,  leathery,  evergreen ;  dark  green  and  shining 
above ;  hoarv  beneath,  with  simple,  twisted,  interwoven 
hairs.  (lAndl.)  An  evergreen  snrub.  North  Carolina. 
Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.  in  America ;  in  England,  8  ft.^  to 
10  ft.  Introduced  in  1828.  Flowers  greenish  white, 
or  yellowish  ;  November  to  February. 

Only  the  male  plant  is  in  the  country.  When  in 
flower  this  shrub  has  a  most  striking  and  graceful  appear- 
ance, from  its  slender  pendulous  catkins,  many  of  which 
are  from  8  in.  to  1  ft.  in  length.  It  was  at  first  j^wn  in 
peat,  but  appears  to  prefer  a  loamy  soil.  It  is  readily 
increased  by  kiyers,  and  by  cutting  in  sand  under  a  ,.      .^. 

hand-glass.     In  British  gardens  it  is  about  as  hardy  as      ,73^'  o.df^noa. 
the  common  laurustinus. 

«  2.  G.  LAURiFo'uA  Hartw,    The  LaureUeaved  Garr}'a. 

NcntificaUon.    Bentham,  PlanUe  Hartwegiana,  p.  80. ;  Oard.  Mag.,  vol.  xvi  p.  617. 
Engraving.    OmJIg.  1781.  fyrom  a  specimen  In  Uie  LamberUan  horbartum. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.      Leaves  elliptic  oblong,  very  entire,  or  minutely  dentate. 


uczii.  platanacEjE:  pla^tahos. 

Flowers  in  both  sexes  ■olitary,  oppoiite,  ses- 
die ;  one  seated  in  erery  bract,  Bod  shorter, 
(BenlA.')  An  evergreen  shrub,  or  low  tree. 
Mexico,  on  mountains.  Height  15  ft.  to  18  fl., 
Bod  in  some  place*  with  a  tninic  8  ft.  in  di- 
ameter. Introduced  in  1839.  Only  one  plant 
of  this  very  desirable  evergreen  has  been  raised 
in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Gardeu. 


-G.  Lindlej-i,  coiJ. 
■idered  by  Mr.  bentham  sa  a  variety  of  G. 
/aurif&lia  ;  G.  raacroph  jlla,  with  round  leaves, ' 
resembling  those  of  the  common  waylaring  tree ; 
6.  oblAngo,  with  very  small  leaves,  very  much 
resembling  the  smallest  leaves  on  the  Quircui 
/'lex  ;  and  G.  ovkta,  with  amall  round  leaves, 
about  the  size  of  those  of  the  common  plum,  are 
described  in  Bentham's  Flaidie  Httrtineffana,  from 
specimens  collected  by  M.  Hartweg  in  different 
parts  of  Mexico. 


Order  LXXIt.    PLATANA'CE^. 

Okd.  Cbax.  Flomcn  unisexual,  collected  lota  globose  or  oblong  cat- 
kins of  different  sexes,  involucrated  or  naked. — Ma/e  fiower  havitu  the 
perianth  composed  of  numerous  small  linear  pieces,  intermixed  with  the 
stamen. — Female  ^flower  with  the  scales  absent,  or  intermixed  with  the 
flowers ;  perianth  adhering  to  the  ovarium,  cup-shaped,  or  ending  in  small 
pilose  brinLlea,  CarpcU  1  or  8,  1-celled,  horned  at  f4>ex,  coriaceous.  Seed* 
solitary  in  the  cells,  pendulous.     Albmn^it  none.  (G.  An.) 

Lcava  wmplc,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  palmate.  Floatrt  in  glo- 
bular catkins.  —  Lofty  deciduous  trees,  with  widely  spreading  branches, 
dense  foliage,  and  bark  scaling  off  in  hard  irregular  patches.  Natives  of 
the  East  of  Europe,  West  of  Asia,  and  North  of  Africa,  and  of  North 
America.  In  Britain,  they  are  chiefly  planted  for  ornament,  and  Ibey  suc- 
ceed in  any  free  moist  soil,  in  a  sheltered  situation.  They  are  readily  pro- 
pagated by  layers,  or  even  by  cuttings,  and  sometimes  by  seeds.  The  cause 
of  the  scaling  and  hlling  off  of  the  hark.  Dr.  Lindley  states  to  be  the 
r^idity  of  its  tissue  \  on  account  of  which  it  is  incapable  of  stretching  as 
the  wood  beneath  it  increases  in  diameter. 

Gemus  I. 


PLA'TANUS  L.     Tbb  Plans  Trbb.     Un.  Sgtt.  Monce'da  PoIyinJria. 


Bfii^la'.    Froni  ^Vt^.mplc; jnioiu^  loTu^ipcmUng  bnnirtin  *nd  ih^f  MlnfK     Tkr 


■UKIc  of  pla»  Cm  li  •ppllMl,  In  Scatlud,  Id  Ohi  A'ixt  rtt:At>-FyklKtat  (m  p.  4m.|  i  protablJF 
bnuH  UiE  FmKli.  KcDrdlnK  la  ParUiuan,  dnt  nllR]  IhU  Iba  iduiE  Inn,  from  th>  nUuka  o( 

Gat.  Char.     See  Ord.  Char. 

There  are  only  two  species  introduced  into  Europe;  one  of  which,  F. 
orientAlis,  is  found  to  be  much  hardier  than  F,  occidental's,  though  the  latter 


029  ARBOBETDM  ET  FRUTICETDM  BBtTAmnCDM; 

grows  mon  rapidly, 
Bttvna  a  Ivger  me. 
Bad  ma;  be  propa- 
gated much  more 
readily  by  ruttiiiga. 
Both  ■pedes  ripen 
seeda  in  Britain,  in 
fine  Kaiona.  P.  oc- 
ridentilis  is  readily 
koown  rrotn  P.  on- 
cntilis,  to  the  winter 
season,   b^   its   bark 

scaling  on  much  less  r ji.mii  ini. 

freely,  or,  in  voung 
or  middle-sixed  trees,  scarcely  at  all;  and,  in  the  summer  aeaioii,  by  ita 
leares  having  red  petioles,  and  bong  but  slightly  lobed  (^.  1732.  a),  in- 
stead of  b^g  palmate  like  those  of  P.  oriendlis(&.  1738.  b),  which  baTe 
green  petioles,  and  by  its  globular  laitkins  being  neariy  smooth,  while  thoae 
of  P,  orientalii  are  rough. 

I  1.  P.  oribstaXir  L.    The  Oriental  Plane. 

Urmlttimllam.    Lis,  Ilsrt.  CUff.,  MT.  I  WlUd.  to.  PL,  4.  n.  47*.  j  N.  D 

Afiuinwt.     raiUDoa  orlaolilll  •*»  Park.   Armlr.  MV..  Da  Htm 

I'OriHt.  Ft._i  KoriilmJIirtwr  FlutaiHii,  Otr. ;  DooUi.  >raMc  j  CI 

m , —     A_u._    ..„   .  M. .  (J.  Da  Itam., »  LI.;  I>«  "  ~  - 

^  nil.  tIU.  hhI  TV.  i  an)  ourjt 


Spec.  Char.,  l^e.  LesTea  6-lobed,  palmate,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base ,  the 
divisions  lanceolate,  stmiated.  Stipules  nearly  entire.  (WHltL)  A  Istr 
dedduoua  tree.  TheLerant.  Height  eOft.  to  8011.  ;  wiuiawide.sprauling 
head.  Tn  British  gardens  belbre  1548.  Flowers  greenish  yellow;  April, 
Hay.     Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October ;  pernstent  great  part  of  the  winter. 

Taririira, 


in  Arh.  Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  viiL ;  and  our  J!g.  1733.)  —  Learcs  cor- 
date, 5-lobed,  remotely  dentate,  truncate  at  the  bue.  la  gencfal 
appearance,  haUt  of  growth,  &c.,  it  closely  resembles  the  species. 


Lxxil.  PlataNa'cej;  :  Pla'tanub.  929 

*  P.  0.  aUtpimca.  P.  hUpinica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836  ;  P.  lUHcnqAflla 
(>«  in  Don.  Cat. ;  the  Spanish  Mapte.  —  Leaves  rather  longer  than 
those  of  the  species,  but  it  is  in  other  respects  the  same. 

t  P.  0.  4  cantata.  P.  o.  nodulala  Ait.  HoH,  Kew.  iiL  p.  36*  ■  P  cu- 
n^\A.WfM.Sp.Pl.vi.  p.473.    (The  pbleof  this  treein  A*.  Jri*., 


1st  edit^  ™l  vifi.  i  and  ourj%.  1734.)  — Leaves  3-5.1obed,  dentate 

and  wedge-shaped   at  the   base  ;    somewhat  glabrous.      This  is  a 

stunted-looking  low  tree  or  bush,  seldom  seen  above  20  ft   in  heJoht 

with  small  deeply  cut  leaves.  *  ^ 

The  oriental  plane  is  one  of  the  noblest  trees  of  the  East,  where  it  jn-ows 

to  the  height  of  TO  ft.  and  upwards,  with  widely  spreading  blanches  fnd  a 

massive  trunk  j  fonning  ^together  a  m^estic  tr«e.     The  wood  mav  be  com- 

Wi-ed   to   that   of  the  ^"cer 


Pu  Eu  lu  uiu  Di  lue  A  cer 
seiido-Hatanus ;  but  very 
little  use  is  made  of  it  in  the 
Weitof  Europe.  Pliny  affirms 
that  there  is  no  tree  whatso- 


welljj 


n  the  heat  of  the  nun  m 

imer,    or   that    admits   it 

more  kindly  in  winter.  Both 
properties  result  fitim  the 
large  size  of  its  leaves  -.  in 
summer,  these  present  hori- 
untal  imbriceted  masses 
which,  while  they  are  (hvour- 
ahle  to  the  passage  of  the 
re,  yet  exclude  both  the 
and  the  rain  ;  while,  as 


J™';^'  -•'''¥  '''>'''\™l""  ■"J  t-i«.  of  m«.  m  f,o»  on,  .Mh„ 
8l™;.  proportioTOte  m  thi  tin  of  the  lei.n.  hente  th,  ntt  in  winter 
more  tbtui  iun>illy  open  to  the  eun'e  raje.     Ae  an  onumentel  tree,  no  or 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUM. 


which  attains  so  lar^  a  eixe  has  a  finer  appeanmce,  standing  sinslj,  or  in 
■tnall  groups,  upon  a  lawn,  where  there  is  room  to  allow  its  lower  branches, 
which  Btretdi  themseUes  horizontallj  to  a  considerable  distance,  to  bend 
gracefiillj  towards  the  ground,  and  turn  up  at  thdr  eitreoiities.  The  peeaiiar 
chancteristic  of  the  tree,  indeed,  is  the  combioadon  which  it  presents  of 
mqieMf  and  gracefulness ;  an  expression  which  is  {mxluced  bv  the  massTc, 
and  ;et  <^>en  and  varied  charBcter  of  its  head,  the  bending  or  its  branches, 
and  their  feathering  to  the  ground.  In  this  respect,  it  is  greatly  superior  ta 
the  time  tree,  which  comes  nearest  to  it  in  the  general  character  of  the  head ; 
but  which  forms  a  much  more  compact  and  lumpish  mass  of  foliage  in  summer, 
and,  in  winter,  is  so  crowded  with  tnwicfaes  and  spn^,  as  to  prerent,  in  a 
great  meaaure,  the  sun  from  penetrating  tbrou^  them.  The  heftd  of  the 
plane  tree,  during  sunshine,  often  abounds  in  what  poioters  call  Sickling 
lights  ;  the  consequence  of  the  branches  of  the  head  sqmrating  thensdves 
into  what  ma;  be  called  horiiontal  unduladns  strata,  or,  as  it  U  called  in 
artistical  phraseology,  horitonial  tufting,  easily  put  in  motion  bj  the  wind, 
and  through  openings  in  which  the  rays  of  the  sun  penetratevaud  strike  on 
liie  foliage  below.  The  tree,  from  its  mitd  and  gentle  ezpressbn,  its  uae£il- 
ncBS  for  shade  in  summer,  and  for  admitting  the  sun  in  wmter,  is  p«cutiarijr 
adapted  for  pleasure-grounds,  and,  where  there  is  room,  for  planting  Dear 
houses  and  buildings.  For  the  latter  purpose,  it  is  particularly  well  adapted 
even  in  winter,  from  the  coloui  '■■■'•'-■■  ■  ■  ■  ■ 
white  tint,  not  unlike  the  hue 
the  foliage,  in  dry  soil,  is  also  of  a  dull  greyish  green  i  which,  rectning  dte 
light  in  numerous  horizontal  tiiftings,  readily  narmoiuses  with  the  tint 
of  stone  walls.  It  appears,  also,  not  to  t>e  much  iiyured  by  smok^  ance 
there  are  trees  of  it  of  very  considerable  size  in  the  very  heart  of  Loodcm. 

A  light  deep  free  soil,  moibt,  but  not  wet  at  bottom,  is  that  on  whkh  the 
Oriental  plane  tree  thrives  best ;  and  the  utuation  shouU  be  sheltered,  but,  U 
the  same  time,  not  shaded  or  crowded  by  otiier  trees.  It  will  scarcely  grow 
in  strong  clays,  and  on  elevated  exposed  places  i  nor  nill  it  thrhe  in  pMcea 
where  tie  lime  tree  does  not  prosper.  The  tilane  tree  mav  be  |Mo(>agated 
br  seeds,  layers,  or  cuttings.  The  seeds  should  be  gathered  Ia  October  or 
November  ;  and,  the  balls  being  broken  by  the  hand,  or  by  threalung  with  b 
flail,  the  seeds  ma^  be  separated  from  their  husks,  and  cleaned  by  the  usual 
processes ;  and  either  sown  iaimediately,  or  mixed  with  sand  or  fine  saody 
soil,  and  preserved  in  ^  place  secure  from  frost  till  Febmary  or  March.    The 


LXXill.    BALBAMA  CEJB.  931 

Beeds  may  tlto  be  kept  in  tbe  balls,  or  catkim,  till  spring  j  dther  by  allowing 
them  to  bang  on  the  tree,  or  by  gaCherine  them  in  autuniD,  and  epreading 
them  out  in  a  dir  lott.  The  gen^  practice  is  to  sow  the  seeds  in  autumn, 
or  M  KioD  aa  gathered,  or  received  Com  the  Continent ;  choosing  a  moist 
rich  toil,  and  a  sfaady  situation,  and  coveriiig  them  as  tightly  aa  those  of  the 
birch  or  ilder  are  covered,  or  beating  them  in  with  Che  Inck  of  the  spade,  and 
not  covering  them  at  all ;  and  protecting  the  beda  with  Utter  of  soma  sort,  to 
exclude  the  frosL     Tbe  plants  will  come  up  the  following  spring. 

t  2.  P.  OCC1D  ENTASIS  L.    The  Western  Plane. 

.  LIB.  Hon.  cuir^Ts.;  wiud.sp.n^t. 471.1  n.  DuHbd..! 


BiMi««Hfi.    DsKLBrlt-.t.  loai  Mkbi.  M.  AnHt.  Sil.I 
Slt.M«dU.,  TDL>UI.(,inlgarXr.lTST.    tn^.  rOt. 


_.  , tt  I  c  Cbs  rnulB  aonr  ind  u 

IpoBttHUBd  McUgn  of  ■  hMI  i  ud/,  an  oUn  Md. 


I^iec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  5-angIed,  obsolctety  lobed,  dentate,  wedge-shaped 
at  the baae  ;  downy  beneath.  (_WiUd.)  A  large  deciduous  tree.  Atlantic 
and  Western  States.  Height  TO  or  BO  feet ;  with  a  widely  spreading  head. 
Introduced  in  1636.  Flowers  greenish  ;  May.  Fruit  brownish  j  ripe  in 
October  and  November. 

The  American,  or  Western,  plane  is  of  much  more  rapid  and  upright  growth 
than  the  Oriental  plane  ;  with  broader  and  less  deeply  cut  leaves,  red  petioles, 
and  fruit  comparatively  smooth,  and  considerably  larger.  The  bark  is  said  to 
scale  off  in  larger  pieces,  and  the  wood  to  be  more  curiously  veined.  In  aJ 
other  respects,  the  descriptive  par- 
ticulars of  both  trees  are  the  same. 
Therateof sniwth  ofP-ocddentalis,     .  g 

when  placed  near  water,  is  so  tapid,  ^ 
that  in  10  years  it  will  attain  the  § 
height  of  40  ft.  I  and  a  tree  in  the  \ 
Pabce  Gkrden  at  Lambeth,  Dear  a 

Cond,  In  SO  years  had  attained  the 
eight  of  60  a. ;  with  a  trunk  8  h.  in 
circumference  at  3  ft.  from  the  ground  j 
and  the  diameter  of  the  head  48 1^ 
This  was  in  1817.  In  Hay,  1637, 
we  had  the  portrait  of  this  tree  taken, 

which   will   be  found   in  Arb,  Brit.,  „„_  „  _^_a». 

Ist  edit.,  p.  2044.,  when  it  was  up- 
wards of  100  ft.  in  height.  Uses,  culture,  soil,  &c.,  as  in  P,  orientalis,  with  this 
difference :  that  cuttings  root  much  more  r^ily  ;  that  tbe  tree,  to  attain  a 
very  large  size,  requires  a  moister  soil,  or  to  be  placed  near  water  ;  that  it  is 
less  hardy,  and  also  less  ornamental,  though,  m>m  being  more  readily  pro- 
pagated. It  is  much  more  frequently  planted. 


x%$ 


Order  LXXIII.     BALSAMA'CE.«l 

Obd.  Chab.  Flowert  unisexual,  in  different  catkins  on  the  same  plaot.  — 
McUe  calkint  in  an  upright  raceme.  Slamera  numerous,  mixed  wiUi  scales, 
on  a  connate  receptacle.  —  Femaie  catJcnu  solitary,  below  the  male  ones, 
globose,  on  longer  stalks.  Ovaria  many,  2.celled,  each  surrounded  by  a  few 
srales.  Sti^lei  two.  Fnal  a  kmd  of  cone,  compcoed  of  indurated  connected 
scales,  in  the  cavities  of  which  lie  the  capsules,  which  are  2-lobed.  Seedt 
3o  S 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETtlM    BRITANNICUM. 

aa,  or  ■oliiary  by  abortion;   compretsed,  nembnnoiu,  wingol. 

Al^mm  pretenU  (G-.Don.') 

Leava  simple,  alternate,  aCipiilate,  deciduous ;  lobed,  with  glandular  wet- 
raturci  at  the  ed^.  Flowert  m  caEkina,  greeniah  yellow.  fVwl  in  globular 
cauBulea,  brown. — Trees,  iiBtive«  of  Aaia  and  North  America,  wi3i  beau- 
tiful foliage,  and  intense  fragiBDce.  Decaying  leaves  of  an  intense  purple. 
Coaunon  mU,  kept  tomewhat  moist ;  and  se^  or  Uyvi. 

Gehus  I. 


EH 


LIQUIDA'MBAR  Z,.    Tas 


Sunoiimta,    Alllii«ta  Hon_..  _, . 

ArfMMn.    Fr(HiiUf>iMH,liiiiM,udaiii»<>r,iuii1i«-i  t)i*|iliiiuuiHUii|ali4Did(un. 

Gen.  Char.,  j-c.     See  Ord.  Char. 

t  I.  L.  Stvraci'flua  L.    The  Sweet-Gum  liquidambar. 

.,(.p.m.;  N.  DuHw.l-p.tl. 
rw.  Aim.  nt.  t.  n.  I.  i.  I  Af  ru  ^'orli  nlJo  XnU  HM.  IWI.  i 
9 1'AinirliiiH,  LIqutiUmtiir  Coiail,  Fr.  i  niatnail*!  Amtmitaiis. 

III.  ATb.,a.  t.4. :  tbgpliUdiriblatmlii  Art.  Brit.. 

Spec.  Char.,  i(C.     Leaves  palmately  lobed,  with  the  sinuses  at  the  base  of  the 
veins  villose.  (_WUid.)   A  dedduons  tree.     North  America. middle,  western, 
and  southern  States.     Hdght  30  ft  to  fiO  ft.    Introduced  in  1681.   Flowers 
greenish  yellow  i  March  and  April.     Fruit  brown  ;  ripe  in  October. 
The  liquidambar  generally  forms  a  branching  tree,  baring  very  niucb  the 
appearance  of  a  maple.     The  leaves  die  off  of  an  intensely  deep  purplUh  red, 
more  or  less  mixed  with  orange,  and  with  some  leaves  entirely  of  that  colour. 
They  hang  on  the  trees  till  the  first  frosts,  when  they  drop  off  simidtaneously. 
The   rate  of  growth   of  this   tree,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  is  from  Bft.  to  10  ft.  in 
10  years  from  the  seed  ;  and  in  SO  years  it 
will  Bttun  the  height  of  85  or  30  feet,  and 
flower  and  ripen  fruit.    In  Britain,  the  prin- 
cipal use  of  this  tree  is  aa  an  ornament  to 
lawns  and   pleB8ure.groiind8  ;   in  which  it 
has  a  most  strikinB  appearance,  when  the 
leaves  are  dying  off  in  autumn ;  and  it  is 
also  very  beautiful  throughout  the  summer,  ^ 
from  the  dark  green  and    glossy  surface 
of   its    elegantly    shaped    leaves.       When 
braised,  the  leaves  are  fragrant  at  all  sea- 
sons i  but  in  spring,  when  they  are  first 
unfolding,  atler  a  warm   shower,   the   sur- 
rounding air  is  filled  with   their  tefTeahins 
odour.      The    liquidambBr    has   a  decided 

preference  for  a  moist  soil,  and  will  only  irn.  L.sonohM. 

attain   a   timber-like    use    in    a    sheltered 

situation.  In  Britdsh  nurseries,  it  is  generally  propagated  by  byers,  which 
root  with  tolerable  faciUty,  and  may  be  taken  off  at  the  end  of  the  first 
autumn  after  they  have  been  formed.  It  is  also  propaeUed  by  seeds  imported 
from  America.  These  are  brought  over  in  the  catkins,  and  should  not  be 
taken  out  of  them  till  the  time  of  sowing ;  because  the  seeds,  like  those  of  the 
pine  and  fir  tribe,  do  not  keep  well  wlien  exposed  to  the  air.     The  round 


Lxxiii.  balsama'ce^:  uquida'hbar.  933 

prickly  catkini  which  contain  the  aeeds  are  berd,  and  not  readily  broken  with 
the  hand ;  but,  bf  exposure  to  the  sun  or  to  fire  heat,  they  crack  and  open, 
and  the  seeds  may  thea  be  easily  shaken  out.  Thev  may  be  sonn  and  treated 
like  Beedi  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe ;  but,  unlike  them,  they  lie  a  year  in  the 
ground  before  coming  up,  Beedlinga  generally  attain  the  height  of  from  5  in. 
to  8  in.  the  first  year,  with  numerous  fibrous  roots.  They  may  either  be 
ttanspknted  that  year  or  the  next,  and  may  afterwards  undergo  the  umal 
routine  culture  in  nursery  lines,  till  they  are  wanted  fer  final  transplanting. 

1  8.  L.  imbb'rbb  WUld.     The  beardless,  or  Oriental,  Liquidambar. 
Utmifialln.    WUM.  Sp,  F1..4.P.  <TS->  Alt.  Hon.  Kn.,S.  ikUII.;  f.  Qu  Hun,,  1.  p.  44. 
SkBowKi.    L.  orlcntUU  MM.  Bict.  Ms.  1.  <  IFUuiaa  ortatiUi  ^ixiic*.  Ilia.  9.  t.%. ;  L.  [m- 
Mrdb  Smilh  In  /tea'f  CtcL 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.     Leaves  nalmate-lobeil,  with  the  sinuses  at  the  base  or  the 
veins  ;   smooth,   {WiM.)     A   low  stunted   tree,  or  large  bush,  of  slow 

Erowth,  with  numerous  small  branches  crowded  together  into  an  irregular 
ead.     Levant.     Height  10  ft.  to  20.  ft.     Introduced  in  175S.     Flowers  7. 
The  young  shoots  are  pliunt  and  reddish  ;  the  leaves  are  much  like  those  of 
the  preceding  species,  but  smaller,  and  more  resembling  those  of  the  common 
maple ;   because   they   are  bluntly   notched,  while   the   others   are  acutely 


so.  (8eej^.  1740.,  in  which  a  is  a  leaf  of  L.  Stynicfflua,  and  b  one  of  L.  im* 
b^rbe,  both  to  the  same  scale.)  The  veins  of  tne  leaves,  in  this  spedes,  are 
naked,  while  in  the  other  they  ore  hairy  at  the  base  of  the  midrib.  The 
flowers  are  disposed  like  those  in  the  precediiu  species,  and  the  fiiiit  is 
■mailer,  and  more  sparingly  furnished  with  pniJtly  poiuts.  The  rate  of 
growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  slow,  being  not  more  than  5  or  6  feet 
m  ten  years.  It  will  grow  in  a  soil  rather  drier  than  suits  the  preceding 
^wcies ;  though  Du  Hamel  wsa  informed  that  in  its  native  country  it  grows  in 
moist  soil,  by  water,  like  the 


L.  Altif^iShme  Bjdr.  10.    - 
p.  S27.  (Fl.  Jav.,  t  1. ;  and 
our  fy(.  1741.)    Altlngia  ex- 
c£lsa  Nonmha  in  Babro.  Ver- 
iand.  5.  p.  1.,  Peri.  Sm.   S.  ^ 
p.  579.,  ^rmg.  S^U.  Veg.  3.  ' 
p.    SeS.,      Lamberfi      Gema 
Pbou,   1.  L39,  40.;  Lignum 
papuJUium    Rmaph.    Herbar. 
Amb<^.  8.   p.  57.  i    Alting's 
Liquidambar. — Leaves  ovat^ 
oblong,   acuminate,   serrated, 
glabrous.  (Blame.)     A  tree, 
with  a  spreading  head,  from 
I50fl.  to  SDOfthigfa.     It  is 


934  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

» 

Ibund  very  plentifuUv  ia  the  provinces  of  Bantam  and  Buitensorq  in  Batavia, 
at  an  elevation  of  mm  9000  ft.  to  3000  ft. ;  but  in  the  Bast  of  Java  it  b 
very  rare,  if  not  totally  wanting.  Noronha  first  described  tins  tree  in  the 
Ad,  Soc,  Batav, ;  but  he  had  not  the  least  suspicion  that  it  belonged  to  the 
genus  Liquidimbar  lAan.  Sprengel  imagined  that  this  tree  was  the  same  as 
our  Araucikria  exoSsa ;  an  error  which  was  detected  by  the  description  and 
igure  of  Blume,  as  given  above. 


Order  LXXIV.    MYRICA^CEiE. 

Obd,  Char,  Flowers  disposed  in  unisexual  catkins^  each  scale  having  a 
flower  in  its  axil. — MiUe  flowers  having  the  perianth  composed  of  2  scale- 
formed  pieces,  four  free  stamens. — Female  lowers  with  the  perianth  en- 
larging after  florescence,  each  composed  of  3 — 6  small  scales.  Otarium 
simple,  free.  Stigmas  2,  filiform,  hrupe  globose,  dryish  when  ripe,  con- 
tfunmg  a  bony  vaiveless  nut.    Albumen  none  or  fleshy.  (€r.  Dom,} 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exsdpulate,  deciduous  or  evergpreen  ;  entire  or 
pinnatifidly  toothed.  —  Shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  and 
South  America.  The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  two,  which  are  thus 
contradistinguished :  — 

ilfvRi'cA.    Flowers  dicecious.    Fruit  resemblins  a  beny. 
CoHPTo^N/ii.    Flowers  moncecious.    Fruit  hard,  shining. 

Genus  L 


LjU 


lJ 


MYRFCA  L,    The  Gandleberrt  Myrtle.    Un  Sysi,  Dice^da 

Tetrindria. 

IdnUiflcation.    Lin.  GeQ..  618. ;  Bng.  FI.,  4.  p.  988. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  %,  p.  18S. 

^vMnaymef .    GaU^  Fr. :  wachutraach,  Qer, ;  Mliica,  Jtai, 

veriiMUiom,    From  wyro,  to  flow  $  the  plaau  beiDg  fogbd  oo  the  banlu  of  riTen. 

Gen*  Char^  ic,  Male  flowers  in  cylindrical  sessile  catkins.  Each  flower 
consists  of  4^  rarely  mor^  stamens ;  these  are  inserted  at  the  base  of  a 
bractea.  Brtwteas  extoiding  beyond  the  stamens,  loosely  imbricated. — 
Female  flou/ers  in  ovate  sessile  catkins,  with  closely  imbricate  bracteas; 
one  bractea  attends  2  flowers.  Each  flower  consists  of  a  calyx  of  2 — 4 
verv  minute  scales ;  an  ovar^r,  to  which  the  scales  adhere  ;  a  short  style; 
and  two  long  thread-shaped  stigmas.  Carpel  involucrated  by  the  adherent, 
more  or  less  fleshy,  enlarged  ctdyx,  and  so  more  or  less  resembling  a  berry. 
(G.DoH.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  stipulate,  deciduous  or  eveiigreen  s  more  or  less 
serrated  ;  besprinkled  with  resinous  dots,  as  are  the  sodes  of  the  buds  and 
the  surface  of  the  fruit,  which  ^eld,  when  rubbed,  an  aromatic  odour. 
Flowers  in  axillary  catkins,  greenish  white,  expanding  early  in  the  year.— - 
Shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and  North  America.  They  are  of  low  growth^ 
and  generally  require  a  moist  pea^  soil,  in  which  they  are  propagated  by 
layers,  suckers,  or  bv  division  of  the  plant.  The  American  species  b 
sometimes  propagated  bv  seeds,  which  aoould  be  sown  in  autumn,  as  soon 
after  they  are  received  from  America  as  possible ;  for,  if  kept  out  of  the 
ground  tfll  spring,  they  will  not  come  up  tul  the  sprii^  followmg. 

ji  1.  M,  GA'LE  L.     The  Sweet  Oale  Candlebeny  Myrtle,  Sweet  WUhw^  or 

Dutch  Myrtle. 
Identification,    Lin.  Sp.  PL,  1453.  \  Eng.  Flor.,  4.  p.  889.  i  Fl.  UUiern.,  p.  267. 


LXXIV.    AfTRICA  CEJE  :    IfYIll  C 


ail,  1  lltnm  bnUoUa  Ort 
■ ;  Oilt.  Pdneoto  tojii,  rr.  \ 
i  Hi;d«,  t-aw.  1  Lob.  Ic,  I.  p,  li«.  r. 


^D«r.  Cior^  ^.  LekTc*  lanceolate,  Mfnted ;  tapering  and  entire  at  the  baie. 
SealcA  of  the  catkioi  pMnted.  (Smilh.)  A  deciduoiu  aromatic  ahrub. 
Europe,  from  Norway  to  LooilMrdy,  the  North  of  Aiio,  and  in  great  part 
of  North  America,  ma  alwaji  in  bonr  aoil.  Height  8  ft.  to  4  ft.  Flowers 
brownigh  green ;  Fefanuuy  and  Harch. 

Hie  cuUna  are  numeroua  and   aetsile ;  thej  are  formed  in  the  course 
of  the  summer's  growth,  and  remain  on  during  the 
winter,    expanding   the  following    tpring,   before   the 
leaves,      llie  flower  buds  are  above  ihe  leaf  buds, 
at  the  end  of  the  branches  ;  whence,  as  soon  as  the 
fructification   is  conrileled,   the   end   of   the   branch 
dies,  the  leaf  bnds  which  are  on  the  sides  shoot  out, 
and   the   stems   become   compound.      The   scales  of 
the  male  catkins  are  of  a  red  shining  brown;  and   ihe 
^  lower  ones  of  the  female  catkins  have  a  circlet  of  red 
1  hurs  towards  the  tip.     The  berries  are 
^  very  small,  and  covered  with  resinous 
dots,  like  the  leaves.    The  plant  is  com-  f 
mon  in  bogs.     The  gale  is  the  badge  of  ' 
'  the  Hi^land  clan  Campbell.     A  variety  ^ 
with  larger  leaves,  &c.,  is  mentioned  by  " 
Mirbd,  and  e  figure  of  it  given  in  the 
I-  Mho.  Mu.,  14.  p.  474.  L  28.,  of  which 
i7tL  v.eth  our  ^.  1743.  is  a  reduced  copy.  ii(*.v.eu. 

■  8.  M.  cebi'fbba  L.     The  common  Wax-bearing,  or  America»,  Caatlleberry 
Myrtle. 

Iilailific^lim.    Un.  Sp.,  ItU  i  Willd.  Sp.  FI.,  t.  p.  IM,  i  Fonb  Fl,  Anwr.  Sept.,  1.  p.  KO. 
Sgmimrma.    M.  orlAn  uuuMJIbU*  Ait.  Uarl.  gnt.  i.  p.  KB.  ylffnai  briMiitk*,  Ac,  Phi*. 
Emgrww^l.    Pli^  Aim.,  t.  «S.  T.  9.  ;  Cat.  C^'.  I.  L  ». 

TV  Seaa,  Oaij  tbe  nule  li  In  the  iuebMj  Aibontun  {  but,  ■■  tcedi  m^  unuallj  Imported  rmm 
AlDerlu,  tb«  Ainuila  it  doabtleu  In  the  caqntrr  In  niHlj  pfBca. 

Spec,  Char.,   ^c.     Leaves  lanceolate,  pcnnted,  serrated,  flat,  somewhat  shin- 
ing. (Lam.)     A  large  evergreen  Khnib.     Canada  to  Carolina,  in  moist  soil. 
Hdght  A  ft.  to  13  ft     Introduced  in  1699.     Flowers  reddish  g;reen  ;  May 
or  June.     Fruit  white  ;  ripe  in  October. 
Varie^ 

m  Jt-c.S  laHJ!^  Ait.  M.  c.  media  Midix.i 
M.  cart)lin£nns  WUld.,  PvrA  Fl.  Am^. 
Srpl.  li.  p.  620.  {  M.  peunsylviuica  Xanr., 
N.  Du  Ham.  ii.  p.  190.  t.  55.,  and  our 
Jig.  1744,;  M.  c.  sempervirens  Hurt.; 
Atf  rtia  brabinticB  Cat.  Car.  i.  t.  13. ; 
C^ier  de  Pennsylvanie,  Ft. ;  Caroli- 
nischer  Wachsstrauch,  (rer.  ;  the  broad- 
leaved  American  Candleberry  Untie.  — 
This  variety  has  the  leaves  broBder  than 
those  of  the  spedea,  and  an  arborescent 
stem,  Accivding  to  the  Notavau  Du 
Hamel,  it  is  haraier   than   M.  cerSfera.  171,    v.o.wuau. 

Cultivated  m  England  before  17S0. 
Its  general  appearance  and  habits  closely  resemble  those  of  the  European 
species  J  the  leaves  are,  however,  larger,  mad  more  serrated ;  they  are  ever- 
green, and  in  Jf.  c.  latifBlia  greatly  resemble  those  of  the  sweet  bay.     The 
3o  4 


936 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


male  catkins  are  axillary  and  sessile ;  but  have  not  the  shining  scales  of  the 

Jlfyrica  Gale,    The  fruits  are  globose  drupes,  about  the  bigness  of  a  grain  of 

black  pepper;  covered  with  an  unctuous  sulMtance  as  white  as  snow,  which 

gives  them  the  appearance  of  a  kind  of  sugar  plum.    Like  the  MyAcA  Gdie 

of  Europe,  it  delights  in  wet  places  about  swamps  or  rivers. 

In  France  and  Germany,  it  nas  been  cultivatea  with  a  view 

to  its  producing  wax ;  and  it  is  sud  to  thrive  in  sandy  peat« 

rather  moist,  and  to  produce  an  abundant  crop  of  berries 

every  year.     In  Prussia,  it  has  been  cultivated  in  a  garden 

on  the  banks  of  the  Spree,  near  Berlin,  in  lat  52^  63f ;  which 

is  nearly  ]|  degree  farther  north  than  London,  but  where  the 

mean  annual  temperature  is  2°  9^  higher  than  London  ;  and 

wax  and  candles  have  been  made  from  the  fruit. 

M.  tpathuldta  Mirb.  M^m.  Mus.  14.  p.  474.  t.  28.  f.  1.; 
and  our  JSg.  1745.  —  Leaves  spathulate,  blunt,  quite  entire, 
glabrous.  Male  catkins  sessile,  axillary,  solitary,  shorter  than 
the  petioles.  A  tree,  with  smooth,  cylindrical  branches. 
Leaves  1  in.  to  24  in.  lone,  and  4  in.  to  1  in.  broad.  Found  in 
Madagascar  by  M.  Perodet.    iTot  yet  introduced.  *'*^ 


Genus  IL 


□ 


COMPTO'N/^  Solan.     The  Covptonia.    Lin.  Sytt.  Monce'cia  Triandria. 

IdeiUifteaUom.    Alt.  Hort.  Kew.,  2  ed.,  5.  p.  254. ;  Gnrtn.  Fruct.,  1.  p.  58. ;  N.  Da  Ham.,  8.  p.  45. 
S^nom^mei.    Liqoidimbar  Lim.  Sp. ;  Mjrica,  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff:  456. ;  GiUe  Petlr.  Mm.  77S. ;  Comp- 

tone,  Fr. ;  Comptonie,  Qer. 
Derivatiom.    Named  1^  Dr.  Solander  in  honour  of  Henru  Conyttom,  Bishop  of  London,  the  in- 

trodooer  and  cultivator  of  many  curious  exotic  plants,  and  one  of  the  greatest  patrons  of  botany 

and  gardening  of  his  time. 

Gen.  Char.  Male  catkins  lateral,  cyUndrical,  of  several  flowers.  Braeieat 
imbricated.  Flower  of  3  twin  stamens,  seated  towards  the  base  of  a  brac- 
tea  ;  sessile.  Anthers  2-lobed,  opening  at  the  side. — Firma/r  catkins  lateral, 
ovate,  of  several  flowers.  Bracteas  imbricated.  Flower  consisting  of  a 
calyx  and  pistil.  Calyx  free,  flat,  6-parted.  Segments  slender,  unequal  in 
length ;  the  longest  as  long  a^n  as  the  bractea.  Style  short.  Stigmas  2. 
FVvU  1-celled,  ovate,  hard,  shining,  attended  by  the  calyx.  Seed  1,  oval. 
(G.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  deciduous; 
lanceolate,  pinnatifidly  toothed,  downy,  sprinkled 
with  eolden,  resinous,  transparent  particles.  Ftotvers 
whitish.— Shrubs  dwarfish ;  natives  of  North  Ame- 
rica ;  fracrant,  from  the  resinous  particles  which  cover 
the  whole  plant.     Culture  and  soil  as  in  iliyrica. 

.tft  1.  C.  iisPLENiFoYiA  Solan.    The  Asplenium-leaved 

Comptonia. 

IdeniificttUon.    Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  5.  p.  2534. ;  Pnnh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept. 

2.  p.  636. 
Sjfnonifmes.    Liquidimbar  otplenifoHum  Lm.  A>.  1418. ;  L.  peregrl- 

num  Lin.  Sfft.  860. ;  Bfyrlca  Lin.  Hort.  CUff:  456. :  Oile  marttna 

Pet.  Mm.  778. ;  3/^rtus  brabintlc*  aflTlnls  Pluk.  P4yf.  t.  lOQ.  il  6, 

7. ;  the  sweet  Fern  Dush,  Amer. 
Efuropitut.     N.  Du  Ham.,  t.  11.;  Dend.  Brit,  t.  106. ;  and  our 

Spec.  Char.f  ^c.  Leaves  long,  linear,  alternate,  cre- 
nately  pinnatifid.  ( WUld.)  A  deciduous  shrub.  New 
England  to  Virginia,  in  sandy,  stony,  or  slaty  woods.        „«.  c.  ^x^m^^ 


? 


LXXV.   GNETA^CE^l   f^PHEDRA.  937 

Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced  in  1714.      Flowers,  in  sesBile  catkins, 
brownish  ;  March  and  April, 

The  young  branches  are  downy.  Leaves  alternate,  oblonff,  linear ;  cut  on 
each  side  into  rounded  and  numerous  lobes,  like  those  of  the  ceterach ;  and 
sprinkled  with  shining  dots,  like  those  of  the  gales.  This  shrub  is  very  hardy, 
but  it  requires  peat  earth  and  a  shadv  situation.  Propagated  by  layers,  suck- 
ers, or  seeds.  The  first  and  second  methods  are  the  most  common,  as  good 
seeds  can  rarely  be  procured. 


Order  LXXV.     GNETACEJE. 

Ord.  Char,  Flowers  unisexual,  disposed  in  aments,  which  are  inyolucrated 
by  opposite  or  decussate  connate  scales.  —  Male  flower  with  a  1 -leaved 
perianth,  which  is  transversely  cleft  at  apex,  and  branched  into  1-  or  many- 
anthered  filaments  ;  cells  of  anthers  separate  or  combined,  each  opening  by 
a  pore  at  apex. — Female  flower  composed  of  8  connate  scales.  Ovarium 
1-celled,  perforated  at  apex.  Ovulum  solitary.  .FVtct^  indehiscent,  drupa- 
ceous.   Albumen  fleshy.  (G,  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite,  exstipulate,  caducous;  linear,  and  scale-like. 
Flowers  in  terminal  catkins.  —  Shrubs  evergreen,  firom  the  colour  of  the 
bark,  with  tubular  jointed  stems  and  branches.  Natives  of  Europe,  Asia, 
and  Africa.     Cultivated  in  sandy  soil ;  and  propagated  by  division* 

Genus  I. 


lJLaJ 


.ETHEDRA  L.    The  Ephedra.    Lin.  SysL  Dice  cia  Monadelphia. 

Identifleatkm.    Lin.  G«n.,  1196. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  8.  p.  17. 

Derivation.    From  ephedra^  the  Greek  name  for  the  Ifipptult,  or  Honetail,  which  it  resembiei. 

Gen,  Char,     See  Ord.  Char. 

Low  shrubs  ;  evergreen,  from  the  colour  of  the  bark  of  their  branches,  and 
in  that  respect  resembling  the  genera  Casuartna  and  j^quisetum.  They  are 
natives  of  the  South  of  Europe,  Barbary,  and  Siberia,  on  the  sea-shore,  or  in 
ssdine  or  sandy  wastes ;  and  tliey  have  been  but  little  subjected  to  cultivation. 
According  to  Du  Hamel,  they  bear  the  shears  well,  and  form  beautifiil  round 
balls,  winch  may  either  be  made  to  appear  as  if  lying  on  the  ground,  or  may 
be  supported  on  a  short  stem.  The  lower  sorts,  Du  Hamel  continues,  may 
be  clipped  to  resemble  turf;  and  for  that  purpose  the  plant  mav  be  valuable, 
in  some  parts  of  Australia  and  AJfrica,  to  form  lawns  which  shall  create  an 
allusion  to  temperate  climates.  The  saving  by  using  such  plants  as  Ephedra, 
which  would  require  litde  or  no  watering,  instead  of  a  great  deal,  as  the 
European  grasses  do  in  such  a  dimate,  would  be  very  considerable. 

9.  i,  E.  DisTA^CHTA  L.    The  two-spiked  Ephedra,  Great  shrubby  Horses 

iaUy  or  Sea  Grape, 

Identificatitm.    Lin.  Sp.,  1472. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kew..  ed.  1.,  8.  p.  16. 

Synomifmet,    IP'phedra  ralgirls  Rick.  M(m.  On^f.  p.  i6.  t  i^  f.  1. ;  Pol^sonum  marlnum  Tabem. 

Jc.  rails. ;  P.  Iamilf61ittm,  &c.t  Bauh.  Pin.  15. ;  f^phedra  marltima  miUor  Tomm.  Intt.  663. ;  Raisin 

de  Mer,  BphMre  multiflore.  Pr. ;  Zweyahriger  Ron  Schwanx,  Ger. 


de  Mer,  BphMre  multiflore,  Fr. ;  Zweyahriger  Ron  Schwanx,  Ger. 
The  Sexes.    Both  are  figured  in  Tabemamontanus,  In  Cluiiut,  and  in  Richard. 
Bnrravingt.    Du  Ham.,  1. 1.  pi.  93. ;  Rich.  lf£m.  Conlf.,  t.  4.  f.  1. ;  and  ovtjigK.  a^t.  wiu  nvs 

of  the  natural  tite. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.    Peduncles  opposite.     Catkins  twin.  (Lin,)    A  small  ever 


938  ARBORETUM    KT   FRUTICETUH    BRITANHICtJH. 

men  *hrab,  whh  nnmefouB  cylin- 
drical waod-like  bnochea,  articu- 
lated, and  (iimjibed  at  each  arti- 
culotioD  with  two  ■mall  linear 
Icsvea.      South    of  France   and 


M 


Spain,  IB  sandjr  will  on  the  kb- 
■bore.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     In- 
troduced     in      1730.       Flowera 
whiUEh  ;  June  and  July.     Berries  red  ;  rip«  in  August. 
Ai  far  aa  we  have  olnerved,  justice  bai  nercr  been  done  lo  this,  or  any 
other  speciea  of  £'phedra,  in  British  gardnis.     Tlie  fruit  becomes  succulent, 
like  that  of  the  mulberr}',  with  a  sHgEtly  acid  aad  jet  ii^aij  aod  agreeabie 
tMte,  and  might  be  cultivated  for  the  desert. 


r!^.  Char.,  ^c.      Peduncles    many.      Catkii 

solitary,  (lita.)      An  evergreen  shrub,  mut 

smaller,  and  hardier  than  K.  dist&chya.     S 

beria,  near  salt  springs,  and  ia  saline  waste: 

and,   according    to   Pallas,    common    in    the 

southern  pans  of  KuBsia,  from  the  Don  and 

,^.      _         the  Volga   to  the  Leira ;  Penda  and  India. 

-<^i4;9       Height   I  ft.   to    8  ft.      Introduced   in  1772, 

.^m^ j^~^^^       Flowers  whitish ;  June  to  July.     Berries  red ; 

1T19.  B.miBMfeiqL       j'ipe  iu  August  and  September.  «■■■ 

The  Rei^  uk  the  ashes  of  the  wood  of  the  £'phedni  for  nutf. 


Order  LXXVL     TAXA'CEiE. 

Ord  Char.     Floral  budi  coniistirg  of  nnmerous  imbricate  scales.     JTbiona 

dHecious.—Jlfa/ra»MT(  disposed  in  catkins,  oacb  consisting  of  a  scale,  and 

a  »■  or  many-celled  anther,  the   cells  dehiscing   lonptudinanT Fewale 

j?o.Mr.  solitary,  naked  or  bracteate.  Ifut,  or  seed,  soUtwy,  surrounded 
at  Its  base  by  a  disk,  which  at  length  becomes  fleshy,  and  conceals  the 
greater  portion  or  the  whole  of  the  nut,  and  forms  with  it  what  mar  be 
called  a  succulent  drupe,  except  In  Torr£yo,  where  the  nut  is  not  surrounded 
by  any  disk,  but  by  dry  scarcely  increasing  scales.     The  nut  or  seed  is 


Lxxvi.  taxa^cem:  ta'xvs.  939 

covered  by  a  cnistaceous  testa.  Embryo  in  the  axis  of  the  albumen.  J?a- 
dide  at  the  apex  of  the  seed,  having  an  oi^ganic  connexion  with  the  aJbumen. 
(G.  Don,) 

Lcavet  simple,  alternate  or  distichous,  exstipulate,  evergreen  or  deciduous ; 
mostly  linear.  —  Trees  or  shrubs;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia^  and  North 
America. 

The  genera  are  three,  which  are  thus  characterised :  — 

Ta^xus.     Dioecious.    Anthers  of  4—6  cells.    Nut,  or  seed^  surrounded  by  a 

fleshy  cupular  disk. 
TorrbVj.    Dioecious.    Anther  8-celled.     Seed  not  surrounded  by  a  fleshy 

disk,  but  by  scales. 
SALisBU^R/i<.  Dicecious,  Anthers  2-cdled.  Seed,  or  nut,  covered  by  the  fleshy 

persistent  disk. 

Genus  L 


mM2 


TA'XUS  L.    Thb  Yew.    Un.  Sy$t.  Dioe'cia  Monad^lphia. 

Jde$Uiflcatiom,  Lin.  G«d.,  582. ;  Jum^  419.  s  FL  Bfn  1088. :  Tourn.,  t.  86S. ;  Lan.,  t.  829. ;  Gftrtii., 
t.  81. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  p.  61. ;  Rich.  Mte.  Conlf..  p.  181.  t.  2. 

Derivatiom.  From  locon,  a  bow ;  being  formerly  much  wed  hi  maktaig  them :  or  firom  Uutis,  ar- 
rancement :  firom  the  leavee  being  arranged  on  UMtaranchet  like  the  teeth  of  a  comb:  or  from 
tortemm,  poison ;  though  Pliny  um  that  polaon  (lactfcMm)  waa  lo  named  from  this  tree,  which  was 
considered  poisonous.  The  derivation  of  the  term  Yew  Is  supposed  to  be  ftimi  the  Celtic  word 
f  w,  sometimes  pronounced  (ftjad  slgniiying  verdure }  alluding  to  the  yew  being  an  evergreen : 
and  this  will  also  explain  the  French  name,  if. 

Gen.  Char.  Male  flower  consisting  of  anthers  upon  short  pedicels,  at  the 
top  of  a  column  that  has  imbricate  scales  at  the  base.  AtUnen  with  4, 5,  6, 
or  rarely  sore,  l-4;elled  lobes,  attached  to  theconnecttvum,  whose  tip  is  a 
horizontal  shield,  lobed  at  the  edge  ;  its  lobes  corresp<»idiiig  in  number  and 

{>lace  with  those  of  the  anthers,  and  covering  them ;  the  cells  openine 
ong^tudinaUy.  "^Female  flower  an  erect  ovule»  perfect  at  the  tip ;  with 
an  unobvious  annular  disk  at  its  base;  and,  exterior  to  this^  mvesting 
imbricate  scales.  FruU  the  disk  at  the  base  o£  the  ovule^  which  becomes 
a  fleshy  open  cup.    Seed  like  a  nut. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstapulate,  evergreen ;  Unear,  actite,  rigid,  more 
or  less  !ii-rowed  in  direction.  Flowert  whitish.  Fnat  red,  pulpy.  —  Low 
trees  and  shrubs,  evergreen ;  natives  of  Europe^  Asia^  and  Nortn  America. 
Propagated  by  seeds  or  layers,  in  common  soil. 

i  1.  71  baccaS-a  X.    The  berriec^  or  eommon,.  Yew« 

TdenMcaHan.    Lin.  8p.  PI.,  1472. ;  Eng.  Bot.,  t.  746.  _     ^  «.^     ^ 

S^momifmet.    TSxus,  No.  1668.,  HaU.  l&L  2.  p.  82& ;  I(  IV. ;  IfoDbaniB,  DMnbenm,  or  Elbenbanm, 

Ger. ;  Tazo,  /te/. ;  Texo,  Span.  ^^ ... 

The  SexcM.    The  yew  being  almost  always  raised  from  seed,  the  male  and  tanale  plants  may  be  sup. 

poted  to  be  nearly  equal^  distrOMited,  both  in  aatoal  woods,  and  in  artifldal  plantations.    Both 

sexes  are  sometimes  found  ou  the  same  tree.    As  ftr  as  we  have  been  able  to  observe,  says  White 

of  Selbome,  Ike  male  tree  becomes  much  larger  than  the  female  one. 


Bn^MingM.    Eng.  Bot..  t  746. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  1.  1 19. ;  the  pistes  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit,  1st 
edit.,  VOL  vlii. ;  and  our^.  1762. 

Spec.  Char,^  ^c.  Leaves  9-ranked,  crowded,  linear,  flat.  Receptacle  of  the 
barren  flowers  globular.  (^Snuth.^  An  evergreen  tree.  Europe  gene- 
rally ;  in  loamy  soils  and  shady  situations.  Height  20  ft.  to  30  n.,  rarely 
40ft,    Flowers  white ;  March  and  April     Fruit  red;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieiiei. 

t  T.  6.  2  fisHgiata.  T.  fietigi^ta  Lmdl :  T.  hibemica  Hook.y^  Lodd. 
CaL  edl  1836;  (the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  BriL,  1st  edit.,  vol. 
viii. ;  and  our^.  17^1.)  the  upright,  or  Florence  Court*  Yew;  the 
Irish  Yew.  Discovered  wild  at  the  fbnner  place  about  1780. — 
This  is  a  very  distinct  variety,  readily  distinguished  from  the  species 


ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM   BRITAHNICUM. 


Kiwth,  and  deep  green  '^^'^''j 'K'S  J! 


•  ■-  T.  ft.  3  prac&mhtTu.     T.  procfinibena  LoU.  Cai.  ed.  1836.— I*" 

and  somewhat  trailing.  .,     .. 

•  T.  *.  4  ericla.  The  upnght  Yew.— A  seedling  from  T.  ^-^"^L 

which   the   leaves   are   E-rsnked  as  in  tlie  common  yfi  <'"' 
branches  take  an  upright  direction  as  in  the  Irish  yew. 
«  T.  ft.  5  ipariifiiia  Hort. — Leaves  scattered.  ,  .^l 

■  T.  ft.  6  foliit  variegatii  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. — Leaves  Tsrit^ 


whitish  yellow.     It  ta  seldom  found  higher  than  a  laige  ^^' 

"   '   "/-fictofiiteo.— Fruit  vellow.     The  tree  does  not  diflef. 

s  shape  or  foliage,  from  the  common  yew ;  but. 


ui  na  snapc  or  loimgB,  irum  me  common  yew ;   uui,  -"--  -    ^^ 

with  its  berries,  it  forma  a  very  beautiiiil  object,  especially  woo' 

trasted  with  yew  trees  covered  with  berries  of  the  usual  W™^-    ' 

There  are  fine  trees  of  this  variety  at  Clontarf  Castle,  near  ^""^T^ 

The  yew  b  of  alow  growth;  but,  in  favouiable  situations,  'f""*"*?-;]! 

height  of  6  or  8  feet,  or  more,  in  10  years  from  the  seed.     In  80  jears,  "^ 

attain  the  heightof  15fL,  and  it  will  continue  powing  for  100  yean  jjj^ 

which  it  becomes  comparatively  stationary,  but  will  B»e  for  many  '^'""iL 

When  drawn  up  by  other  trees,  or  by  beiiw  planted  in  maues.  it  tf*f  *j^  . 

what  the  character  of  a  fir ;  and  may  be  lound,  thus  circuma lanced,  W 

clear  trunk  30  or  40  feet  high.    It  stoles  when  cut  down  under  20  or  30  Jf 


Clear  ltuiih  ou  or  »u  leei  nign.  ii  scoies  wnen  cut  uown  unaer  »"  "'  if^  m 
of  age,  but  rarely  when  it  it  older.  In  a  wild  state  the  yew  aflbnw  "Jr^ 
birds  by  its  berries;  and  an  excellent  shdter  to  them  ilunng  severe  *'"v^ 
and  at  nisbt,  by  its  dense  evergreen  foliage,  but  no  insects  live  on  it.  V-k^ 
the  tree  nas  been  applied  to  various  uses,  both  in  a  living  state,  and  *  . 
(elled  and  employed  as  timber.  The  wood  is  hard,  compacl,  "^^.-^t 
dose  grain,  flexiUe,  elastic,  sfditting  rradily,  and  incomiptiUe.    "  " 


LXXTI.    TAXIl'CEJR:    Ta'xUS. 


fine  orann  red,  or  deep  brown ;  and  tbe  sap  wood,  which  does  not  extend  to 
a  great  depth,  is  white,  and  also  very  hard.  Where  the  two  woods  join, 
there  are  gentfalW  different  shades  of  red,  brown,  and  white  r  both  woods 
are  susceptible  of  a  very  high  polish.  Varennes  de  PeniUea  states  that  the 
wood,  before  it  has  been  seasoned,  when  cut  into  thin  reneers,  and  innrersed 
some  months  in  pond  water,  will  take  a  purple  violet  colour ;  probably  owine 
to  the  presence  of  alkali  in  the  water.  According  to  this  author,  the  wood 
of  the  yew  wdghs,  when  green,  BO  lb.  9  oi.  per  cubic  foot ;  anij,  when  dry, 
611b.  7  oz.  It  requires  a  longer  time  to  become  perfectly  dr^  ttuui  any  other 
wood  whstever;  and  it  shrinks  so  Utile  in  drying,  as  not  to  lose  above  ^ 
part  of  its  bulk.  The  fineness  of  its  grain  is  owing  to  tbe  thinness  of  its 
annual  layers,  280  of  these  bong  sometimes  found  in  a  piece  not  more  than 
SO  in.  in  diameter.  It  is  univernJIy  allowed  to  be  the  finest  European  wood 
for  cabioet-ntaking  purposes.  The  principal  use  for  which  the  yew  was  cul- 
tivated, before  the  introduction  of  gunpowder,  was  for  making  bows;  but 
these  sre  now  chiefly  made  of  foreign  wood.  For  details  respectingniaking 
bows  of  the  yew  tree,  see  Arb.  Bnt^  1st  edit.,  toL  it.  p.  2086.  The  yew 
makes  excellent  hedges  for  shelter  t  undergrowth  for  the  protection  of 
game;  and.  when  planted  thick  on  suitable  soil,  so  as  to  be  drawn  up  with 
clean  an''  itrsiffhC  trunks,  most  valuable  timber.  When  a  yew  hedge  is  wanted 
to  be  of  one  shade  of  green,  the  plants  should  all  be  raised  from  cuttings 
of  the  same  tree  ;  and,  when  they  are  intended  to  show  fruit,  in  order  to 
rival  a  holly  hedge,  only  female  plants  should  be  chosen  or  propa^ted ;  end 
the  hedge,  like  holly  hedges  kept  for  tbdr  &uit,  should  be  cut  in  with  a  knife, 
and  never  clipped  with  the  shears.  Single  scattered  trees,  when  intended  to 
be  ornamental  b^  their  berries,  should,  of  course,  always  be  females ;  and,  in 
order  to  determme  their  sex,  they  should  not  be  removed  to  where  they  are 
finally  to  remain  till  they  have  flowered.  This  may,  doubtless,  be  accelerated 
by  ringing  a  branch  on  each  plant  af^  it  has  attained  5  or  6  years'  growth, 
llie  use  of  the  yew  tree  in  ancient  topiarygardening,  during  the  seventeenth 
century,  was  as  extensive,  in  England  and  France,  as  that  otthe  box  seems  to 
have  been  in  Italy  in  the  days  of  Pliny.  The  practice  was  rendered  fashion- 
able by_  Evelyn,  previouslv  to  which  the  clipping  of  trees  as  garden  ornaments 
was  chiefly  confined  to  puints  of  box,  juniper,  &c.,  kept  by  the  commercial 


942  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICUM. 

gardeners  of  the  day  in  pots  and  boxes,  and  trained  for  a  number  of  years,  till 
the  figure  reauired  was  complete.  Sometimes,  as  we  find  by  Oibson,  Bradley, 
and  others,  clipped  giants  ot  this  sort  sold  as  high  as  five  guineas  each ;  and, 
in  all  probability,  this  hi^  price  first  led  Eyelyn  to  the  idea  of  clipping  the 
more  hardy  yew  in  situations  where  it  was  finally  to  remain.  The  narrowness 
of  the  leaves  of  the  yew  renders  it  far  less  disfigured  by  clipping  than  even 
the  box ;  and,  as  it  is  much  hardier  than  the  juniper,  should  clipped  trees 
come  again  into  fashion,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  yew  would  be  pre- 
ferred to  all  others.  As  an  avenue  tree,  the  yew  may  be  considered  suitable 
for  approaches  to  cemeteries,  mausoleums,  or  tombs ;  and,  as  a  single  tree,  for 
scattering  in  churchyards  and  burial-grounds.  The  most  extraordinary  col* 
lection  of  yew  trees  in  England,  or  perhaps  in  the  world,  is  at  Elvaston 
Castle,  near  Derby.  (See  Gard,  Mag,  for  1841.)  The  yew  will  grow  on 
any  soil  that  is  somewhat  moist ;  but  it  thrives  best  in  loams  and  days, 
on  rock,  and  in  a  shady  situation.  It  is  propagated  for  the  most  part 
by  seeds;  but  the  varieties,  and  also  the  species,  when  the  object  is  to 
form  a  hedge  of  plants  of  the  same  dimensions  and  colour  of  leaf,  as 
already  mentioned,  should  be  propa^ted  by  cuttings  or  layers  fix>ni  one 
plant  only.  The  henries  are  ripe  in  October,  and  should  be  then  ga- 
theredy  carried  to  the  rot-heap,  and  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  haws. 
(See  p.  382.)  If,  however,  tney  are  sown  immediately,  enveloped  in  their 
pulp,  a  few  of  them  may  come  up  the  following  year,  and  the  remainder  the 
second  year ;  but,  if  the  pulp  is  allowed  to  dry  round  the  nut,  and  they  are 
kept  in  that  state  till  spring,  none  of  them  will  come  up  till  the  third  year. 
Cuttings  may  be  formed  of  either  one  or  two  years'  srowth,  and  planted  in  a 
shady  border,  dther  in  the  beginning  of  April  or  the  end  of  August.  The 
cuttings  will  be  most  certain  of  success  if  supped  off  with  a  heel,  and  if  the 
soil  consists  chiefly  of  sand.  The  leaves  should  be  carefully  stripped  off  the 
lower  part  of  the  cutting,  which  may  be  from  7  in.  to  10  m.  in  length,  and 
buried  to  the  depth  of  5  m.  in  the  soiL  Cuttings  treated  in  this  manner  re* 
quire  two  years  oefore  they  are  sufficiently  rooted  to  be  removed.  In  all  pro- 
bability, however,  if  the  points  of  the  shoots  were  taken  and  planted  in  sand 
under  a  band-glass,  about  midsummer,  or  before,  th^  would  produce  roots 
the  same  season,  and  might  be  transplanted  the  following  spring.  'Whether 
plants  are  rused  kom  seeds  or  cuttings,  they  ought  to  undergo  the  usual  rou* 
tine  of  culture  in  the  nursery,  till  they  are  3  or  4  feet  high  :  because,  as  they 
are  of  slow  growth,  time  is  sained  by  this  practice  \  and  the  yew  transplants 
so  readily  at  any  age,  that  were  is  no  more  dan^  of  plants  fiuling  when 
transplanted  at  the  height  of  6  or  8  feet,  than  there  is  when  they  are  omy  6  or 
8  incnea  lugh.  At  Elyaston  Castle^  already  mentioned,  above  a  hundred  yew 
trees  between  20  ft.  and  40  ft.  in  hei^t  have  been  transplanted;  some  of  toem 
brought  from  a  distance  of  upwards  of  thirty  miles. 

A  2.  T,  (b.)  canadb'nsis  Willd.     The  Canada,  or  North  Amerioan^  Yew. 

IdeniifiaOkm.    WiUd.  Sp.  PL,  4.  p.  866. ;  Panh  FL  Amer.  Sept.,  &  p.  647. 
Afnomifme,    T.  t>.  minor  Mtek,  Bor.  Amer.  2.  p.  348. 
EngrMfimg,    Oar J^/SIOS,  SI06.  in  p.  1110. 

Spec,  Char,f  ^c.  Leaves  linear,  2-ranked,  crowded,  revolute.  Male  flowers 
fflobose,  always  solitary.  (WiUdJ)  Michaux  describes  this  species  as  of 
humbler  growth  than  the  European  yew,  of  spreading  habit,  and  with 
smaller  flowers  and  fi*uit ;  and  Fursh  says  that,  under  uie  shade  of  other 
trees,  it  does  not  rise  above  2  or  3  feet  high.  Canada  and  Bfaryland ;  grow- 
ing only  in  shady  rocky  places,  and  flowerine  in  March  and  ApriL  It  was 
introduced  in  1800 ;  and  is  apparently  only  a  variety  of  the  common 
yew.  Horticultural  Society's  Garden. 

A  3.  T,  HARRiNGTo^N/i<  Knight.    The  Earl  of  Harrington's  Tew. 

Ident(fletUion.    Forbei  in  Pin.  Wob^  pi.  68. ;  Gvd.  Mag.,  vol.  XT.,p.  371. 

Syntmymtt.    ?  Tkxut  macroph^Un  Thunb. ;  ?Pododirpiu  macrophyllas  Swt,,  Lamb.  Sded.  p.  84S., 
Art,  BrU.  Itt  ed.  p.  SIOO. 


LxxTi.  tkxa'-csjb:  torbe^v^. 


^orc.  CAar.,  ^c.     Leaves  diHtichoui,  flat,  from  1  in.  to  1 1  in,  in  lengtfai  daHi 
grecD  and  ahining  on  the  upper  surftce ;  of  a  white  glaucous  hue  be- 
neath, with  the  exception  of  me  midrib  and  terolute  mar^ns,  which  are  oT 
a  bri^t  green  i    the    apes 
mucronate;  footitalbs  short. 
Bronchea    round    and   fur- 
rowed. {Forbet.)    An  ever- 
ereen  tree.  Je^Min.  f  Hedght. 
iDtroduced  in  1837. 
Readily  disaDgaiihed  from 
all  the  well-Butbenticeted  ipe- 
dea   of  Tkxna,   by  its  larger 
rerolute     leaTea,  . 
which    are   of   a  ^ 
silTery    glaucous 
colour    on     the 
under  nde.    It  is 

tained      whether 
the  plant  is  suffi- 
ciently hardy   to 
pass  the  winter  in 
the  open  air  as  a 
stnndBTd,    but   it   . 
promises    to    be 
so.     Propagated  I 
by  cuttii^  or  by  ' 
grafting   on    the 
i:m.  t  ii.iiinihifc  common  yew.  ""■ 

OOkt  Speciet  of  TixuM.  —  T.  Mackiya  Pin.  Wob.  p.  SIS.  is  a  native  of 
Jq>an,  with  very  narrow  leaves.  Introduced  in  IBSS.  T.  Ittuk^  is  a  name, 
in  Mr.  KnighlfB  Ci^^ogiie,  of  a  Japan  species  which  has  leaves  like  the 
leaflets  of  the  sago  palm ;  but  very  little  is  known  respecting  it.  T.  globdaa 
SMetki.  (G.  M.  iv.  p.  848.)  is  a  Mexican  spedes,  not  yet  introdiicedT 


a 


A  Amott.     Thb  Tobkbta.      Zm.  Sj/it.  IKtE'da  Monad^phia. 

g  Oird.  Has*.  'X^  1tL<  P'  us. 
or  of  Dr.  Ibmf .  ans  ol'  Uia  Dthon  of  Ihs  VvrM- 

Gen.  Char.  Dicecious. — Male  ammi  at  first  subglobose,  but  at  length  elon- 
gated I  the  racbis  ultimately  naked,  except  at  the  base,  where  it  is  bracteate 
by  quadribriously  imbricated  many-flowered  scales.  Slanamfomui  icalet 
pedicellate,  aubpeltate,  dimidiate,  each  bearing  a  4-celled  anther. — FrmaU 
ament  orate,  one-flowered,  bracteate  at  the  base  as  in  the  male  ;  disk  none. 
Ovuiiim  erect  Sied  ovate,  bracteate  at  the  base  by  dry  scarcely  iacreasing 
scales,  but  naked  at  the  V^.  TVria  thick,  fleshy,  and  coriaceous  outside, 
but  fibry  inside.     Albumen  ruminated.     Embryo  subcylindrical,  short.    Co- 


ARBORETUM   ET   PRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICUH. 


a  pungent  di 


Native  of  Middle  Florida, 


nun,  t.  VLMoi  t  Ul.  i  OuiL  Hw,  Xll.  itL.  Bci.  T4.  u 


I   1.  T.  Tkxtvo'ttA  Ant.     The  Yew-leaved  Torreya. 

_..     ,  M.     Ani.  !n  AnnibirfNU.  Hl|rt;^Ti*.LjK  IJJLj  OurLMjtj^iol.  Irt.p.W 

jS^roBA^r.     UoDkvr*!  let 

r^D«?.  C%)r,  See  Oen.  Char,  Ad  cTtrgreen  tree,  with  the  hatnt  and  appear- 
ance of  'f'bies  canad^nsit.  Ploricbi,  on  chalk;  hills,  all  alons  the  eastem 
bank  of  the  mer  Appelach.  Height 
S0ft.to40ft.  Introduced  in  IBM. 
Propagated  bj  grafting  on  the  com- 
moD  yew. 


colour,  like  that  of  >/iiQlpenu  vif>> 
ginikua.  It  ia  of  a  strong  and  peculiar 
odour,  eapedaUy  when   bnuaed   or 


burnt,  and  hence,  in  the  countiT  ^ 

Stinking  Cedar.     It  makes  excellent  raila,  anS  is  not  liable  to  the  attacks 

of  insects.  (Am.  JVoi.  Hul.,  toI.  i.  p.  189.)    Canterbury  Nurserj". 


SALISBlTR/i^  Smith.  Thb  Salisburia.  Zm.  Sail.  Monffi'da  PolyAodtia. 

n«4l«MM.    Lla.  Truu.,  S.  p.  no.  I  WUId.  Sp.  PI.,  <.  p.  471.  i  Ham.  Hort.  R*c.  Hiff.  I.  p.  Mi- 

jMoiISiiv.    OMfv  tl  KmipbT,  Llnnnu,  md  Mban. 

OrrAoUBa.  Nund  In  bunDiir  oT  A.  A.  SatMrnm,  F  R.S.  L.S.,  Ac,,  ■  dLiltBaBiAid  boOslM. 
OlBkfO  b  tba  itxirlglul  DHH  la  Ji]Hn. 

Gen.  Char,  Male  Jiowtrt  in  tapering,  decurred,  bractless  catkins,  which  are 
borne  several  from  one  bud.  Floaen  many  in  a  catkin,  each  appearing  as  • 
stamen  only,  and  consisting  of  a  short  fiLainent-like  stalk. — Female  fimoen 
borne  from  a  bud,  from  which  leaves  are  also  produced ;  and  on  peJiinclea, 
either  single  or  several  on  the  pedicels  of  a  branched  peduncle.  FUnttrt 
seated  in  a  shallow  cup,  formed  m  the  dilated  lip  of  the  peduncle  M*  pedicel, 


LXXVI.    TAXi^CJtS  :    SALISBU'RU.  945 

and  coniisting  of  a  rather  globose  ealpc,  contracted  to  a  point,  and  then 
expanded  into  a  narrow  limb,  and  including  an  ovary.  Cafyr  fleshy  and 
peraiateot,  becoming  a  drupaceous  covering  to  a  nut,  wbich  is  rather  egg- 
Bhaped,  and  very  sightly  compressed.  (G.  Don.) 

Iieaoei  simple,  nitemate,  stipulate,  deciduous ;  deeply  cut  or  lobed,  alike 
on  bath  auriaces,  with  long  petioles,  JFloavrt  yellowish.  —  Tree  deciduous, 
laixe,  native  of  Japan,  quite  hardy  in  the  climate  of  London,  and  of  essy 
culture  in  common  garden  soil. 

Remarkable  for  the  singularity  of  its  leaves,  which  seem  to  unite  Confferse 
with  the  CocyXkcea.     Propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers  in  good  loamy  soils. 

MmMbBMnh    Tnu.  Un.  Socv.x.  p.  330.;  WUld.  Sp.  Fl,,i, 

atiui^ri.    (Mvts.(MKi^Dr/I(fc.  Knapt  Amzn.,  p  du. 

Now  du  Juan,  Arbn  kdx  quvuite  fi'cus^  py-,  i  AnKtoAd 

n>  Sno.    BMh  MUa  ani  In  tlis  Kiw  BuOnle  Oan^  Id 

fardan  It  BmwAter. 
Mmrrarilv    unpt  Aum.,  p.  SI1.  f. ;  Dend.  BrK,,  L  in. ;  Jmguln  Uitwr  dm  Ginkgo,  t.  1.: 

tE>plU(l<ifltalitn<ln  ArtkBrlt.,  IKsdll.,  toI  lUI.;  iDdouiA>.  ITST.udllU. 
Spte.  (^ar.,  ^c.     See  Oen.  Char.     A  laree  conical  deciduous  tree.     Japan 
and  China.     Hdght  BO  ft.  to  60  ft.     Citroduced  in  17M.     Flowers  yel- 
lowish.    Onlv  those  of  the  male  yet  seen  b  Ei^land.     Decaying  leaves 
yellow,  or  ywlowish  green. 

The  male  catkins,  which  appear  with  (he  leaves  in  Hay,  on  the  wood 
of  the  preceding  year  or  on  old  spurs,  are  sessile,  about  ij  in.  lone,  and 
of   a  yellowish  colour.     The  female   flowers,   according  to   Richard,  have 


this  partienlaritf,  that  each  is  in  part  enclosed  in  a  sort  of  cup,  like  the  female 
flowers  of  Dacrydium.  This  covering  is  supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  dilata- 
tion of  the  summit  of  the  peduncle,  as  may  be  seen  in  our  figure.  Tfae  fruit 
consists  of  a  globular  or  ovate  drupe,  about  I  in.  in  diameter ;  containing  a 
white  nut,  or  endocarp,  somewhat  flattened,  of  a  woody  tissue,  thin,  and 
breaking  easily.  The  fruit  has  been  ripened  in  the  South  of  Fnince,  and 
young  plants  raised  from  it.     The  tree  grows  with  considerable  rapidity  in  ihe 


946  ARBORSTUM  ST  IPRUTICETUI)!   BRITAK^flCUM. 

climate  of  London,  attaining  the  height 
of  10  or  12  feet  in  10  yean ;  and,  in 
40  or  ^  years,  the  hei^t  of  as  many 
feet.  The  wood  of  the  gmkgo  is  said  by 
Ksmpfer  to  be  light,  soft,  and  weak  ;  but 
Loiseleur  Deslongchamps  describes  it  as  of 
a  yellowish  white,  veined,  Irith  a  fine  close 
grain,  and  moderately  hard.  It  is  easy  to 
work,  receives  a  fine  poUsh,  and  resem- 
bles in  its  general  appearance  citron  wood. 
The  salisburia,  juaging  firom  the  speci- 
mens in  the  neuhbourhood  of  London, 
thrives  best  on  a  deep  sandy  loam,  perfectly 
dry  at  bottom ;  but  it  by  no  means  prospers  in  a  situation  where  the  subsoil  is 
wet.  The  situation  should  be  sheltered,  but  not  so  much  so  as  for  many 
exotic  trees  which  have  longer  leaves  and  more  widely  spreading  branches. 
Propagated  by  layers  of  two-years-old  wood,  which  generally  require  two 
years  to  be  properly  rooted ;  but,  on  the  Gondnent,  it  has  been  found  that, 
by  watering  the  layers  fireely  during  the  summer,  they  may  be  taken  off  in  the 
autumn  of  the  year  in  which  they  were  made.  Cuttings  made  in  Bfarch,  of 
one-year-old  wood,  slipped  off  with  a  heel,  root  in  a  mixture  of  loam  and 
peat  earth  in  the  shade ;  and  their  growth  will  be  the  more  certain  if  th^  have 
a  little  bottom  heat.  Cuttings  of  the  young  wood,  taken  off  before  midsummer, 
and  prepared  and  planted  with  the  leaves  on,  in  sand,  under  a  bell-g^ass,  will, 
we  have  no  doubt,  succeed  perfectly. 


Order  LXXVII.     CONITERiE,  or  PINA^CEiE. 

Idad^fifeaUon,    LtndL  Nat  Syat.  of  Bot.p. SIS.  (  Richard  Mtea.  Conlf., in  part. 

%iMmjnfi^«.    CoDlferiB  RicK.  Uim.  Ccm\f»    The  C<mlfier«,  till  lately.  Included  the  order  Thxftcec, 

already  given,  p.  938.,  which  has  been  leparated  firom  it  by  Dr.  Lindley.  Conioeae  LmSL  Ktn,  SS2. 
AJBUnUie:    The  TkxiiceB  have  been  Mparated  firom  this  order  on  the  one  hand,  white,  on  the  other, 

the  Cycadkcea  are  considered  as  approachinff  Tory  near  it. 

Orj},  Char,  Flowen  unisexual ;  those  of  the  two  sexes  in  distinct  catkins 
which  are  situated  upon  one  plant  in  most  of  the  species,  and  upon  two  plants 
in  the  rest.  —  Male  catkin  lon^  than  broad.  Each  Jlower  a  scale  or 
body,  bearing  pollen  contained  within  either  2  cells  formed  within  the  scale 
or  body,  or  3  or  more  1 -celled  cases;  in  Arauc^ria  Jtus.,  in  2-celled  cases, 
exterior  to,  but  united  with^  the  scale  or  body :  a  part  of  the  scale  or  body 
is  free  above  the  cells  or  cases  containing  the  poWen.^^ Female  caiim  more 
or  less  conical,  cylindrical,  or  round,  in  Bgare ;  composed  of  many,  several,  or 
few  flowers,  each,  in  most  species,  subtended  by  a  bractea.  The  catkin,  in 
the  state  of  fruit,  is  rendered  a  strobile  of  much  the  same  figure.  Each 
Jlotver  is  constituted  of  1—3  ovules,  borne  from  an  ovary  that  resembles  a 
scale,  and  is  in  some  instances  connate  with  the  bractea  that  subtends  it. 
Ovules  remrded  as  receiving  impregnation  from  direct  contact  of  the  pollen 
with  the  foramen  of  the  ovule.  Bracteas  imbricated.  CarpeU,  which  are 
the  ovaries  in  an  enlarged  and  ripened  state,  imbricated.  Seed  having  in 
many  species  a  membranous  wing.  Embryo  included  within  a  fleshy  oily 
albumen,  and  having  from  2  to  many  opposite  cotyledons,  and  the  radicle 
being  next  the  tip  of  the  seed,  and  bavug  an  organic  connexion  with  the 
albumen.  Brown  has  noticed  a  very  general  tendency  in  some  species  of 
Pinus  and  i4^ies  to  produce  several  embryos  in  a  seed. 

Leawt  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen,  rarely  dedduous ;  needle- 
shaped,  scale-like,  or  lanceolate ;  in  some  species  disposed  in  groups,  wilii 
a  membranous  sheath  about  the  base  of  the  group,  at  least  in  most  of 
these  ;  in  some  in  rows ;  in  some  oppositely  in  pmrs,  decussate  in  direction ; 
imbricately  in  several.    Fhwert  in  catkins ;  April  and  May.    Prwi  a  cone  ; 


LXXVII.   GONI^FEILfi:   A^IUSftWM* 


a47 


ripe  in  the  autamii  of  the  second  year.— Tcees  almost  all  efirergrecny  the 
wood  abounding  in  resin. 

The  hardy  genera  in  British  gardens  are  arranged  as  under : — 

Tribe  L    Abi^twa, 

Buds  scaly.  Catkins  of  both  sexes  many  flowered.  Leaver  scattered,  or 
in  groups.  Tips  of  ovules  pointing  to  the  axis  of  the  catkins,  ^cept  U|i 
OimnJngbamto.    Nadelholz  and  Tangelholz,  G^. 

Pi^Nus.    Male  catkins  aggrmte.    Pollen  contuned  in  2  cells.    Ovules  2. 

Carpels  thickened  at  tips.    Leaves  not  solitary. 
itf^BiBs.    All  as  in  JPinus,  but  the  cones  are  pendulous,  and  the  leaves  are 

solitary. 
Pi^CKA.    This  differs  from  if  hies  in  the  cones  bdng  erect,  and  from  Phxas  in 

the  carpels  not  bdng  thickened  at  the  tips;  and  from  bo|h>.in  the  leaves 

being  in  2  ranks. 
Za^rix.    Differs  from  Ahyes  in  the  leaves  being  deciduous,  and  in  groups ; 

and  in  the  cones  being  erect. 
C^'drus.    Differs  from  IAcAl  in  the  leaves  being  evergreen.  Anthers  crested. 
CuNNiNGHA^Li.     Male  catkins  grouped.      FoUen  contained  in  3  cases. 

Ovules  3.    Leaves  solitary  and  serrulated. 
D^MMARA,    Male  catkins  solitary.     Pollen  contained  in  5  to  24  cases. 

Ovules  2.    Leaves  broad. 
Abauca^Ru.    Catkins  dicecious.   Pollen  contained  in  10  to  20  cases.  Ovules 

solitary,  combined  with  the  scale. 

Tribe  II.    CuPRB^ssiNiE. 

Buds  not  scaly.  Catkins  of  both  sexes  few-flowered.  Ovules  pointing 
from  the  axis  of  the  catkin.    Leaves  evergreen,  except  in  Taxddium. 

TvLv'jA.    Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  4  cases.    Ovules  2.    Leaves 

scale-like,  imbricate. 
Ca^ixitris.    Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    PoUen  in  2  to  5  cases.    Ovules  3 

or  more.    Leaves  scale-like,  opposite  or  whorled. 
Cupre'ssus.    Catkinsi  solitary.  Pollen  in  4  cases.  Ovules  8  or  more.   Leaves 

imbricate. 
Taxo'dium.     Catkins  disposed  in  compound  spikes  ;    female  ones  2  or 

3  together.    Pollen  in  5  cases.    Ovules  2.    LcAves  linear,  in  2  ranks,  de- 
ciduous. 
JuNi'PBRUs.    Male  catkins  terminal  ;  female  ones  axillaio',  few*     Pollen 

in  3  to  6  cases.    Ovule  one.    Fruit. pulpy.    Leaves  opposite  or  temate, 

rigid. 

Tribe  I.     ABi^TinM. 


A 


The  ilbi^tinse  are  almost  all  trees  of  lofty  stature,  pyramidal  in  form,  and 
regularly  furnished  with  verticillate  frond-like  branches,  frpm  the  base  to  the 
summit  of  the  trunk.    These  branches,  unlike  those  of  every  other  kind  of 
tree,  die  off  as  the  tree  grows  old,  without  ever  attaining  a  timber-like  size  ; 
so  that,  in  a  physioloeicm  point  of  view,  they  may  be  considered  as  rather 
like  immense  leaves  than  branches ;  and  tbia  circumstance,  as  well  as  others, 
seems  to  connect  the  pines  and  firs  with  the  palms.    .  Ahnost  all  the  species 
are  evergreen,  and  have  linear  needle-like  leaves ;  whence  the  German  ^^^ 
of  nade&oh  and  tangelkok.    The  wood  is  chiefly  composed  of  parallel  nores, 
arranged  in  a  manner  somewhat  intermediate  between  that  of  ^Jj^^^^^^i^^J^**, 
and  monocotyledonous  trees  ;  and,  m  consequence  of  these  fibres  n  g 

3p  2 


048  ARBORETUM  ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

very  closer  the  wood  is  elastic  and  resilient  Being  remnous,  it  is  also,  in 
general,  very  durable,  and  of  great  oomlmstibility.  The  fruit  of  the  ^An^tine 
are  all  oones^  which  vary  somewhat  in  form,  though  they  are  in  general,  as  tibe 
word  implies,  conical ;  and  they  differ  in  size,  from  that  of  i41>ie8  canadensis, 
which  is  tbout  half  an  inch  in  length,  to  that  of  Plnus  Lambertuxna,  which 
has  been  found  2  fr.  long.  The  largest  seeds  are  those  of  the  Ptnus  P{nea ; 
and  the  smallest  those  of  some  species  of  ^bies.  In  germinatiiig,  the  seed 
first  sweDs  and  bursts  at  the  upper  or  narrow  end,  whence  the  radicle  proceeds 
and  turns  downwards  into  the  soil ;  while,  soon  after,  the  lower,  or  thick, 
part  of  the  seed  opens,  and  the  leaves  are  developed,  and  rise  above  the 
suHace  of  the  ground.  The  rate  of  growth  of  the  Abiitms  is,  in  general, 
rapid  ;  and  the  duration  of  the  tree,  compared  with  that  of  the  oak,  short. 
The  most  rapid-growing  species  in  the  climate  of  London  is  the  Pinus  Larfcio, 
which  will  attain  the  height  of  20  ft.  in  10  years  $  and  the  species  of  this 
section  generaUv  reach  maturity,  in  the  climate  of  Britain,  in  from  60  to  100 
years.  Most  of  the  European  species  bear  cones  at  about  20  years*  growth, 
or  before ;  the  spruce  fir,  on  dry  chalky  soils,  in  less  than  half  that  period. 
The  pinaster  amves  at  maturity  sooner  than  any  other  European  pine,  but 
seldom  lasts  longer  than  from  40  to  50  years.  The  European  species  of 
slowest  growth,  and  greatest  duration,  is  the  P.  Cembra,  which  seldom  attains 
more  than  30  or  40  reet  in  height,  but  which  lives  for  several  centivies.  The 
two  species  which  in  Europe  are  most  valuable  for  their  timber  are,  the  P. 
sylv^tris  and  the  Lkiix  europse'a.  The  grandest  and  most  ornamental  species 
is,  unquestionably,  the  C^rus  Lib^i;  and  the  most  elegant  and  gracefiil  the 
^^bies  canadensis.  The  species  which  produce  the  greatest  quantity  of  timber 
in  the  shortest  time,  in  tne  climate  or  Britain,  are,  the  Scotch  pine  and  the 
larch  :  but,  in  favourable  situations,  both  in  Germany  and  Switseriand,  these 
-species  are  exceeded  in  this  respect  by  the  silver  fir  ;  m  Spain  by  the  pinaster ; 
and  in  North  America  by  the  Weymouth  pine.  The  greater  number  of  the 
-species  of  i^bi^tinse  will  live  in  the  open  air  in  the  climate  of  London ;  bat 
some  few  require  to  be  protected  there  Crom  the  frost.  The  debris  of  granitic 
rock  may  be  considerea  as  the  universal  soil  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe,  and  a 
dry  subsoil  an  essential  condition  for  their  prosperity  ;  but  they  will  grow  on 
dl  soils  whatever,  that  are  not  surcharged  with  water.  The  roots  of  all  the 
i^bidtinse  run  immediately  under  the  sumce,  and  hence  do  not  require  a  deep 
soil ;  and,  as  their  needle-like  leaves  do  not  carry  off  much  moisture  by  evapo- 
ration, the  soil  in  which  the  i^bi^tinie  will  grow  to  a  laive  size  may  be  drier 
than  that  required  for  any  other  kind  of  tree.  Neverth^ess,  a  soil  somewhat 
loamy,  and  a  cool  subsoil,  are  necessary  to  bring  the  timber  of  the  pine  to  its 
greatest  degree  of  perfection  ;  and  various  species,  particulariy  those  belonging 
to  the  ffenus  Picea,  require  a  loam  rather  nch  than  poor,  and  a  situation  low 
rather  Sian  elevated.  A'biea  communis  grows  naturally  on  mobt  soil ;  often 
on  peat  bogs.  The  only  mode  of  propagating  the  pine  and  fir  tribe  on  a  large 
-BcJie  is  by  seeds  ;  but  all  the  species  will  succeecf  by  layers,  b^  inarching  on 
closely  allied  kinds,  and  b^  h^aceous  grafting ;  and  many,  if  not  all,  may 
also  bs  propagated  by  cuttings.  The  species  which  strike  by  cuttings  most 
readily  are  those  belonaing  to  the  eenera  Plcea,  i^Hnes,  X^nx,  and  Oedbus. 
The  cuttings  may  be  taken  from  the  lateral  branches,  when  the  current  year's 
shoots  are  beginning  to  ripen,  and  prepared  like  those  of  Cape  heaths ;  th^ 
should  then  be  planted  in  sand,  and  covered  with  a  glass.  This  being 
seneralljT  done  in  August  or  September,  the  cutting  should  be  kept  in  a  ftwne, 
from  which  frost  is  excluded,  throughout  the  winter ;  and  the  greater  part  of 
them  will  send  up  shoots  the  following  May  or  June,  and  mav  be  transplanted 
the  succeeding  autumn.  The  operation  of  herbaceous  grafting  is  performed 
in  the  cleft  manner;  the  slit  bdng  made  a  little  deeper  than  that  part  of  the 
scion  which  is  to  be  inserted  in  it.  The  time  of  performing  the  operation  b 
when  the  leading  shoot  of  the  stock  has  attained  Uie  length  of  from  8  in.  to 
12  in.,  and  will  break  over  Twithout  tearing  the  bark)  like  a  piece  of  glass,  or 
the  most  succulent  part  or  a  shoot  of  asparagus  fit  to  gather  for  the  table. 


LXXVII.   CONI^FEItfi:   ^BIE^INiE.  949 

The  time  during  which  any  given  species  has  its  leading  shoot  in  a  fit  state  for 
being  broken  over  in  this  manner  is  not  more  than  15  days ;  and,  as  the  scions 
from  the  species  to  be  grafted  are  equally  tender  with  the  stock,  they  will  not 
remain  longer  in  a  state  fit  for  the  operation  than  about  the  same  period. 
The  scion  is  always  inserted  in  the  leading  shoot ;  the  greater  number  of  the 
side  shoots  are  either  removed  altogether,  or  shortened;  and  the  young  shoots 
produced  fix>m  the  stocks  durine  the  season  are  pinched  off  with  the  finger  and 
thumb  at  about  half  their  length.  In  the  European  Abi6t\niB,  the  seeds  begin 
to  drop  from  the  cones,  which  remain  on  the  trees,  generally  in  March ;  for 
which  reason  February  is  a  good  month  to  collect  them.  The  cones  of  i^nus 
sylv^tris,  and  of  the  allied  sorts,  soon  open  of  diemselves,  after  they  have 
been  gathered  from  the  tree,  and  spread  out  in  the  sun  ;  but  the  cones  of  P. 
Pin&ster,  P.  Pinea,  and  the  allied  sorts,  though  treated  in  the  same  manner, 
will  not  open  their  scales  for  several  months  or  even  a  year.  The  cones  of 
C^us  Libani  will  not  open  till  they  have  been  three  years  or  upwards  on  the 
trees ;  and,  when  they  are  gathered,  it  is  almost  always  necessary  to  steep 
them  in  water  for  24>  hours,  and  afterwards  to  expose  them  before  a  fire,  or  to 
the  sun.  In  Scotland,  France,  and  Germany,  the  seeds  of  the  PInus  svl- 
vestris  and  of  the  Lktix  europse^a  are  very  commonly  separated  fix>m  the 
cones  by  kilndrying,  and  afterwards  thrashing  them  :  but,  as  the  heat  of  the 
kiln  is  sometimes  carried  so  fiir  as  to  destroy  the  vital  principle,  it  is  con- 
sidered safer  to  steep  the  cones  before  drying,  in  whicn  case  less  fire  is 
requisite ;  or  to  split  them  bv  inserting  an  iron  triangular-pointed  instrument, 
not  unlike  a  shoemaker's  awl,  into  the  axis  of  the  cone,  at  its  broad  end.  The 
cones  are  also  sometimes  broken  by  passing  them  throu^  a  bone-mill,  or 
between  two  cvlinders ;  or  bv  putting  them  into  a  bark-mill.  The  cones  of 
the  silver  and  the  balm  of  Gilead  firs,  and  also  of  the  PSnus  iStrdbus,  open  of 
themselves  in  a  dry  room,  and  give  out  their  seeds  with  less  trouble  than  those 
of  any  other  species.  The  most  general  time  for  sowing  the  seeds  of  the 
ilbi^tinae  is  in  the  end  of  March  or  in  ApriL  The  ground  ought  to  be  in 
good  heart,  light,  and  sandy  rather  than  loamv,  and  prepared  as  finely  as 
possible.  The  seeds  may  be  most  conveniently  sown  in  beds;  and,  after 
beine  gently  beaten  down  with  the  back  of  a  spade  or  a  slieht  roller,  they 
shoiud  be  covered  with  light  soil  or  leaf  mould  to  the  depth  of  a  sixteenth,  an 
eighth,  or  at  most  a  quarter,  of  an  inch,  according  to  the  size  of  the  seeds ; 
and  immediately  afterwards  covered  with  branches  of  trees  or  shrubs,*  fronds 
of  fern,  wickerwork  hurdles,  or  netting,  to  shade  the  soil  from  the  sun,  and 
protect  the  seeds  from  birds.  If,  indeed,  the  seeds  are  gently  patted  in  with 
the  back  of  the  spade,  and  the  beds  kept  shaded,  and  of  a  uniform  gentle 
moisture,  no  covenng  at  all  is  necessarv.  When  rare  kinds  are  sown  in  pots, 
if  the  surface  of  the  soil  is  kept  1  in.  below  the  rim  of  the  pot,  the  pot  may 
be  covered  with  a  pane  of  glass,  and  the  seeds  will  come  up  with  certainty 
and  vigour.  Traps  ought  to  be  set  for  mice,  which  are  great  devourers  of  the 
seeds  of  the  i^bi^tinse.  In  very  dry  weather  the  beds  should  be  watered  in  the 
evenings ;  but  in  this  case  it  becomes  doubly  necessarv  to  shade  them  in  the 
daytime ;  because  in  proportion  to  the  rapidity  of  the  germination  of  the 
seeds  are  they  liable  to  be  scorched  by  the  sun.  The  precaution  of  shading 
is  much  less  necessary  in  Scotland,  than  in  England,  or  on  the  Continent. 
The  pine  and  fir  tribe  does  not,  in  general,  succeed  so  well  when  transplanted 
as  the  broad-leaved  trees ;  for  which  reason,  most  of  the  sorts  planted  for 
ornament,  such  as  the  cedar,  stone  pine,  Wevmouth  pine,  Siberian  pine,  &c., 
should  always  be  kept  by  the  nurserymen  m  pots.  The  Scotch  pine,  the 
larch,  the  spruce,  the  silver  and  balm  of  Gilead  firs,  the  Corsican  pine,  and  the 
Wevmouth  pine,  may  be  transplanted  into  nurser^r  lines,  from  tne  seed-bed, 
in  the  second  year ;  and,  after  remaining  one  year  in  these  lines,  they  mav  be 
removed  to  where  they  are  finally  to  remain.  Very  few  species  can  be  kept 
with  advantage  for  a  longer  period  in  the  nursery  than  3  years ;  viz.  two  in 
the  seed-bed,  and  one  transplanted.  Very  little  pruning  is  necessary  for  the 
pine  and  fir  tribe,  whether  they  are  grown  singly  or  in  scattered  giroups  for 

3p  3 


950 


ARBORETUM   £T   FRUnCETOBf  BRITAKMICUM. 


oraament,  or  in  maases  for  oseAil  ^urpoaea  in  plaiitatioDs.  In  tbe  fenner 
case,  to  remove  any  of  the  branchea  would  destroy  the  olgect  in  ntm ;  and 
in  the  latter,  if  the  plantation  is  of  auitaUe  thidcnesa,  die  lower  braMhei  begin 
to  die  off  of  themtelves,  after  the  trees  have  aequired  a  certain  aseand  grovtt, 
and  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  assist  nature^  by  cutdi^  off  the  onncbci  ckiie 
to  the  trunk,  the  moment  they  begin  lo  show  indicatKnu  of  decay. 

Obkus  L    • 


EHBC] 


PFNUS  L.    Thb  Pinb.    Lm.  ^.  Monce'cia 


pitch  and  tar.    Otheri  derire  the  word  Ffnui  ttom  gh^  or  wn,  a  mountain  or  ro^»*^'tht 
alluilou  to  the  habitat  of  the  tree ;  the  Bfltlth  toima  Fen-rTii,  Pea.rltb,aDd  ra-ioMBj^ 
SpanUh  onee,  Peona-flor,  Penna-llel,  ftc,  being  ao  called  frum  being  buQt  on  hllb,  or  iwu. 

Gtn.  Char.,  ^c.  Male  Jhwen  in  grouped  catkins.  PoUm  <»n*^  " 
8  cells,  formed  in  the  scale,  that  open  lei^^hwise.  Fcmaie  /mm^  ^^ 
OYules.  SirobUe  in  most  species  ovately  oonicaL  Carpeb  or  ^^J^ 
thickened  at  the  tip,  exceedii^  the  bracteaa  or  thdr  ouler  scales  in  iengi°» 
and  concealing  them  ;  persistent.  -rj 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  sheathed,  evergreen j  '^'^^^j^'^ 
in  croups  of  2,  3,  or  6 ;  each  group  arising  out  of  a  scaly  sheath,  riovcn, 
males  whitish  yellow,  powdery.    ihiH  a  eone.  ^    ^ 

Evei^green  trees,  generally  of  lai^  size,  natives  of  ^^^'^^LVflLfff 
America,  and  in  an  eminent  degree  both  us^l  and  ornamental  Tf^^^^I^* 
in  Britain,  in  May  and  June,  and  genorally  ripen  their  cones  ^Jr*  toJSr 
of  the  following  year.  The  species  may  be  arranged  «ther  aucordig  SniKto- 
cones  or  their  leaves ;  and  we  have  adopted  the  hitter  feature  as  *°*  Iv^lj. 


of  their 


tion  of  our  sections,  because  it  is  applicable  to  trees  in  everjr  sttge 
growth ;  and  because  many  of  the  species  in  London  gardens  hare  do»  j 
borne  cones.  ^^ 

The  following  is  otur  arrangement  of  the  species  in  British  gaidstf  ''^ 


1.  sylv^tris. 

2.  Pumilio. 

3.  Larfcio. 

4.  (L.)  austrlaca. 

11«  Banksuno. 

12,  Inops. 

13.  p6ngens. 


§  i.     BituB. — Leaves  2  in  a  sheath. 

A.  Katwet  of  Europe, 

5.  (L.)  Pallasi<2fta.  8.  Pfnca. 

6.  (L.)  pyreniica.  9.  halep6i«»- 

7.  Pld^ster.  10.  brdtia. 

B.  NaUvet  of  North  America, 
14.  resindsa.  16.  cont6rta. 

16.  mitis.  17.  turbinto. 


18.  TVe'da. 

19.  Hgida. 

20.  Friksert. 

21.  sei^tina. 

22.  ponderdsa. 

31.  Teocdie, 


$  ii.     TemateB. — Leaves  8  in  a  sheath. 

A.  iVoJtMf  of  North  America, 

23.  Sabinii^.  27.  califoniiaDa. 

24.  Co61teri. 

25.  austridis. 

26.  insignis. 


28,*  muricata. 

29.  tubercuJata. 

30.  radiiita. 


B.  Notices  of  Mexico, 
32.  p^ula. 


83.  LUve<w*i- 


J 


Lxxvii.  cONi  rxRM :  pi  nvf.  9 

C.  yativet  of  the  Qminet,  India,  China,  and  Autlralia. 
S6.  Oentrdnina.  38.  timori^iuia. 

95.  k>Bgif&liB.  37.  Duiiuis. 

§  iii.     QunuD. — LekTCf  6  in  a  theath. 

A.   Cone*  with  the  SccUet  nmrt  or  leu  tMckaud  at  lia  Ap«M. 

a.  Natitct  ofMetieo  or  OvatamUa. 

■  Canei  long.  48.  MoDteiiliiicr.  **  Qmei  dUtrt. 

99.  Hartwimi.  43.  macrophyila.  M.  leiophjlU. 

U.  GlifaUiL  48.  Bpulc^am. 

b.  NattDti  of  lie  Wett  Itu&ei. 
4ft.  oceideotilis. 
B.  CoTU*  *m&  the  Seaiet  w>t  lAictened  at  the  Apex, 


40.  "Detoamia. 


b.  Natinet  of  Norlh  Anterica, 
iU  ftrdbui.  ^^  Lambtftiana,  ftS.  mondcda. 

c.    JVo/iccj  of  Kepal  and  Mexico. 
64.  eic^ba.  55.  Ayaada^. 

(  i.  £ina,  —  Leaoe*  genendly  2  in  a  theatk, 
A.   ^olivet  of  Europe, 
J   I.  P.  sTLYB'flTBM  i.     Ibe  wood,  or  Scotch,  Kne,  or  Scotch 
WmUltrlfftii    IJn.  Sp.  7L,  UIS.  |  SulUi  Fl.  Br,  L 1011.)  Kne-  Fl.,  4.  p.  m  |  I'm 

bwted  Rbw  I  Ftn  tamta.  Pin  d'BcoiH.l'V'.  i  emeiBt  yOat,  genieliifl  FtctaU,  KTk 
^r»oUi>ruBM,»Ucliii»  (ItM  tn  Hqnw'i  3»a^w.,  C<r.  (  PrnbiKiiii,  ~ 
TmUco.  IM.  I  Ptao  nlMMrti  ftu*. j  Prm,  i>aii.  iDd  5viJ.  t  Soou,  Arf-,  &«■ 
XiJimi».   IM.  BaL,  t.  m.  I  Pan. 

TEi5!|t»^  f.  u  I  Miu.  niott,  I  n. ; 

Hunt.  Ewl.  8»t,P'  ^*- '■  ^I™"' 
Limb.  'Plii..  W  *il.  1.  'l  I. ;   Ik* 
out.  I  and  Dorjlr.  ITBI. 
i^t7.  Char.,  ^.     Learei  ripd, 
b     pain.       Young    cones 
■talked,  recurved. 
Crest  of  the  an- 
thers very  imall. 
(SmiOt.)        Buds 
(&.!759,)oTatft 
blunt  •  pointed, 
from  1  b.  to  )  in. 
\otttt,    and    i  in. 
wide  in  the  broad- 
en  part;   wbita,  / 
with  a  reddish  tip, 
""■         the    white    pro- 
duced by   reiinoui   exuda- 
tion.      The     central      bud 
generall}'  with  5  or  6  smaller 
onea  round  it.    LeaTCS  (Jig. 
1780.   A)    from    \\  in.    to 


s» 


952  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUU. 

2}  in.  long ;  somewhat  waved  and  twisted ;  sli^tly  concave  on  the  upper, 
and  convex  on  the  under,  surface;  light  bluish  green,  findj  serrolated 
on  the  edges;  the  sheath  lacerated  and  slightly  ringed.  Cones  (^. 
1760.  a)  from  2  in.  to  Sin.  lon^  and  from  1  in.  to  1} in.  broad.  Scales 
(Jig,  1760.  d)  from  1  in«  to  I^m.  long,  terminating  in  an  inregular  foor- 
sideid  projecting  poinl^  often  recurved.  Seeds,  wiu  the  winff  (c),  fitMn 
1  in.  to  ]}in.  long;  without  the  wing,  from  -^in.  to  ^  in.  long;  dark- 
coloured.  Cotyledons  5  to  7.  A  tall,  straight,  hardy,  long-lived  tree,  frmn 
60  ft.  to  1 00  ft.  high ;  Europe  generally,  but  not  of  America  ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June,  and  ripening  its  cones  about  18  months  afterwards ;  tbe 
most  valuable,  for  its  timber,  of  all  the  European  species  of  i%iu8. 

VarieHei,  Like  all  trees  which  have  an  extensive  geogra{)hical  range,  and 
grow  on  almost  every  kind  of  soil,  and  at  great  elevations  as  well  as  in 
plains,  the  varieties  and  variations  of  the  Scotch  pine  are  exceedinglv  nu- 
merous; both  as  respects  the  exterior  appearance  of  the  tree,  ana  the 
quality  of  its  timt)er  and  resinous  products.  On  poor  soils,  at  great  ele- 
vations, it  becomes  a  diminutive  snnib :  and  in  low  situations,  where  it 
is  a  lofty  timber  tree,  the  wood  on  some  light  sandy  soils  is  white,  almost 
without  resin,  and  of  little  duration  ;  while  on  other  soils,  of  a  colder  and 
more  substantial  nature,  it  is  red,  heavy,  and  of  ^reat  durability.  It  af^iears, 
also,  that  the  same  situation  will  produce  both  white-wooded  and  red-wooded 
trees ;  and  seeds  from  red-wooaed  trees  will,  it  is  said,  in  some  instances, 
produce  others  the  wood  of  which  is  red. 

a.  Timber  Dreet. 

1  P. «.  I  vuigehit.  The  common  wild  Pine.  (J!g, 
1761.,  to  our  usual  scale.) — Thus  describol 
by  Don  of  Forfar.  Branches  forming  a 
pyramidal  head ;  leaves  maif  inated,  of  a 
dark  green  colour,  and  but  httle  claucous 
underneath;  cones  considerably  ebngated, 
and  tapering  to  a  point,  and  the  bark  of  the 
trunk  very  rugsed.  "  This  variety  seems 
to  be  but  shorMived,  becoming  soon  stunted 
in  its  appearance,  and  it  is  altogether  a  very 
inferior  tree  to  either  variety  2,  or  variety  3. 
(Col.  Mem^  i.  p.  123.) 

t  P.  «.  2  horkontalit,    P.  horizontilis  Don  of 
Forfitr;   P.  sylv^tris  var.  montfkna  Sang^ 
Plant,   Cal,     p.  65. ;    the   8pe}*side   Pine, 
Hort,  Soc,;  the  Highland  Pine,   Gngor  in 
Gard,  Mag,    viii.  p.  10.  ;  the  horizontal-         ""*  ''• 
branched  wild  Pine,  Lawt, ;  the  red-wooded  Scotch  Pine,  Sang  ; 
?  P.  rikbra  MilL  Diet,  and  N.  Du  Ham,  —  This  variety  is  described 
by  Don  of  Forfar  as  being  "  stron^y  marked  and  permanent.*'    It 
"  is  distinguished  from  the  former  by  the  disposition  of  its  branches, 
which  are  remarkable  for  their  horizontal  direction,  and  (or  a  ten- 
dency to  bend  downwards  close  by  the  trunk.    The  leaves  are 
broader  than  those  of  the  first  variety,  and  serrulated,  and  not  mar- 
ginated.  Thev  are  distinguishable  at  a  distance  by  their  much  lighter 
and  beautiful  glaucous  colour.    The  bark  of  the  trunk  is  not  so 
rugged  as  in  the  preceding  ^^vi^*    Its  cones  are  thicker,  not  so 
much  pointed,  and  smoother.    Ine  tree  seems  to  be  a  more  hardy 
plant,  being  easily  reconciled  to  very  various  soils  and  situatious.    u 
grows  very  freelv,  and  quickly  arrives  at  a  considerable  size." 

t  P.#.  3  uncmata  (we  fig,  1672.^.  The  hook-coned  wild  Pine;  Mar 
Forest  wild  Pine,  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden.  —  Another 
of  Don  of  Forfar's  varieties,    which  is  described  by  him,  in  the 


Lxxvn.  coNiTElue:  Planus.  953 

article  before  quoted,  fu  a  mnarkiible  tb- 
riety,  qiute  distinct  both  Ironi  F.  g.  vulgaris 
and  F.  s.  borizontidiB.     It  will  be  obs^ed 
tbat  this  booked  cone  U  quite  different,  both 
in   its  eeneral   fonn,   and   the  form   of  its 
scales,  from  the  cone  of  P.  (s.)  p.  Mitgkta, 
wliich  is  also  often  called  F.  uncinito. 
t  P.  (.  4  haguenhau.    Pin  de  Haguenau,  Fr.i 
Rothentanne  of  Schottel. .  seedsman,    Ras- 
tadt. — This  variety  was  introduced  from  the 
Foreets  of  Haguenau  (whence  its  name)  end 
Basladt,  on  both  sides  of  the  Rhine.      It 
is  thus  described  in  Lawson's  Aittnual:  — 
"  The  old  trees  are  remarkably  tall,  straight,  t 
free  from  branches,  except  near  the  summit,  ( 
with   remarkably   smooth    reddish-coloured   ' 
bark.     The  leaves  of  the  young  plants  are 
lon^r  than  those  of  any  of  the  preceding 
varieties ;  they  are  much  waved  or  twisted, 
of  a  light  green  slightly  glaucous  colour,  and         yin,  r.i.HckiUi. 
minutdy  serrulated  ;  the youngterminal buds 

are  of  a  peculiar  redduh  colour,  and  generally  more  or  leas 
covered  with  wbitiBh  resin.  The  young  plants  are,  betidet  their 
difference  in  shade  of  colour,  readily  distinguished  bv  their  stronger 
e  rapid  growth."  (Agricull.  Manual,  p.  ESO.) 

Other  Tmber  Tree  Vanrtiet.  The  namea  of  several  might  be  given  from 
books  ;  but,  as  we  could  neither  accompany  them  with  descriptions  nor 
synonymes,  nor  refer  to  any  place  where  living  plants  may  be  seen,  we 
consFder  that  it  would  be  of  very  little  use.  P.  a.  alllssima,  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Garden,  is  a  strong-growing  variety,  resembling  the 
|nn  de  Haguenau,  and  is  probably  identical  with  it,  ihough  raised  from 
Caucauan  seeds ;  but  F.  altlssima  is  4  name  more  generally  ^plied  to  P. 
I«rido  than  to  P.  sylv£stris. 

b.  Farieties  cmiaia  or  omanunlal. 

1  P.  I.  6  gewehiat.  Pin  de  Tarare,  Fr. ;  the  Geneva  wild  Pine. —  There 
is  a  plant  of  this  variety  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  a 
portrait  of  which  is  given  in  Arb,  Brit^  1st  edit,  vol.  viii.,  by  which 
It  appws  to  be  a  low  crooked  tree,  with  numerous  twisted  branches, 
extending  considerably  at  the  base. 

I  P.  >.  7  tuonapiylia  Hodgini.  —  The  leaves  are  long  and  glaucous,  and 
those  of  each  sheath  are  gei»erallv  attached  to  each  other  through- 
out their  length  i  though  when  the  points  are  taken  between  the 
finger  and  thumb,  and  Ue  apparently  ui^e  leaf  twisted,  it  separates 
into  twD,and  sometiDies  into  three,  leavea.     Hurt.  80c.  Garden. 

t  P.  «.  8  icttrioia.  P.  scaridaa  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  1836  ;  ?  P.  squamdsa  Bote 
Nam.  Com  d'Agr.  art.  Pin,  and  Ari.  Brit.  1st  edit  p.  S8D2. — Cones 
•mall,  with  long  acales,  flat  at  the  tips,  and  bent  back.  Native  of 
the  Lower  Alps.  (^Boie.')    A  French  variety.     Introduced  about 


954  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM  BRITANMICUM. 

1  P.  «.  1 1  tortuosa  Don  of  FoHkr.  —  Leaves  shorter  than  those  of  P.  &. 
▼uigiiris,  and  somewhat  curled,  or  rather  twisted. 

OUier  yarietiet,  P,  rotundikta,  and  some  other  species  which  appear  to 
us  to  be  varieties  of  P.  sylv^tris,  are  described  by  Link  ;  and  P.  haroata 
and  P.  arg^ntea  are  described  b^  Stevens,  as  given  in  Gta^  Mag^  vol. 
XV.  p.  224.,  hut  none  of  these  kinds  have  yet  been  introduced.  We  might 
also  have  included  in  the  above  list  P.  (s.)  pumflio ;  but  though  we  have 
no  doubt  of  its  being  only  a  variety  of  P.  sylv^tris,  yet  it  is  so  very  dif- 
ferent both  in  appearance  and  magnitude,  that  we  have  k^t  it  apart. 

The  weight  of  the  wood  of  P.  sylv^tris  varies  according  to  its  age  and 
other  circumstances.  A  cubic  foot,  m  a  green  state,  generally  weighs  from 
54  lb.  to  74  lb. ;  and,  in  a  dry  state^  from  31  lb.  to  41  lb.  The  wood  is  valued, 
like  that  of  every  other  pine,  in  proportion  to  its  freeness  from  knots  ;  and  it 
is  found  that  the  knots  of  this  species  are  much  more  easily  worked,  and  much 
less  liable  to  drop  out  of  flooring  boards,  than  is  the  case  with  knotty  boards 
of  the  spruce  or  silver  fir.  The  facility  with  which  the  wood  of  the  Scotch 
pine  is  worked  occasions  its  employment  in  joinery  and  house  carpentry,  al- 
most to  the  exclusion  of  every  other  kind  of  timber,  wherever  it  can  be  pro- 
cured. It  is  at  once  straight,  light,  and  stifi^  and,  consequently,  peculiariy 
fitted  for  rafters,  girders,  joists,  &c.,  which  may  be  made  of  smaller  dimen- 
sions of  this  timber  than  of  any  other.  In  point  of  durability,  if  it  is  kept 
diy,  it  equaJs  the  oak ;  more  especially  if  it  has  been  of  slow  growth,  and  is 
resinous.  As  a  timber  tree,  for  planting  in  poor  dry  soils  and  in  exposed 
situations,  none  can  excel  the  Scotch  pine,  and  it  is  only  equalled  by  the 
larch.  In  Britain,  it  surpasses  every  otner  species  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe 
for  sheltering  other  trees,  with  the  exception  of  the  spruce  fir,  which,  being 
of  a  more  conical  shape,  admits  more  light  and  air  to  the  heads  of  the  trees 
which  are  to  be  drawn  up  by  it.  The  Scotch  pine  is,  however,  altogether 
unfit  for  giving  shelter  in  single  rows,  unless  the  branches  are  allowed  to  re- 
main on  from  the  ground  upwards,  and  the  roots  have  free  scope  on  every 
side.  Hence,  this  pine,  like  every  other  species  of  the  tribe,  is  altogether 
unfit  for  a  hedgerow  tree.  When  planted  in  narrow  belts  round  Mda  for 
shelter,  it  soon  becomes  unsightly,  unless  the  trees  stand  so  thin  as  to  allow 
of  their  being  clothed  with  branches  from  the  ground  upwards.  The  true 
situation  for  this  tree,  when  ^own  for  timber,  js  in  masses  over  extensive 
surfaces.  A  granitic  soil,  it  is  generally  allowed  both  by  British  and  Conti- 
nental writers,  is  the  most  congenial  to  the  Scotch  pine  ;  and  the  sand  and 
gravel  of  the  Forests  of  Rastadt  and  Haguenau  are  composed  of  the  debris 
of  this  rock.  It  does  not  harden  its  wood  well  when  gjrowing  on  the  grao- 
wacke  ;  and  it  is  short-lived,  and  never  attains  a  large  size,  on  chalk.  It  will 
grow  and  flourish  in  any  kind  of  soil,  firom  a  sand  to  a  clay,  provided  the 
substratum  be  rubble  or  rock ;  but  in  wet  tilly  soils  it  oiig^t  never  to  be 
planted ;  because,  whenever  the  roots  have  exhausted  the  upper  soil,  and 
b^n  to  perforate  the  subsoil,  the  tree  languishes  and  dies.  It  is  justly  ob- 
served by  Mathews,  that  the  natural  location  of  the  Scotch  pine  in  poor  sandy 
soils  does  not  result  firom  these  soils  being  best  adapted  for  it,  but  from  the 
seeds  which  are  blovm  about  by  the  winds  rising  readily  in  such  soils,  and  the 
plants  growing  more  vigorously  in  them  than  an^  other  tree.  Should  any  one 
doubt  Uiis,  he  observes,  let  him  mid^e  an  excursion  into  Mar  Forest,  and  there 
he  will  find  the  Scotch  pine  in  every  description  of  soil  and  situation,  but 
always  thriving  best  in  good  timber  soil ;  and,  in  short,  not  diffisring  veiy 
materially,  in  respect  to  soil,  from  the  sycamore,  the  elm,  the  oak,  or  the  ash. 
The  Scotch  pine  produces  cones  at  the  age  of  fifteen  or  twenty  years ;  and 
every  cone  generally  contains  from  60  to  100  seeds.  The  cones  are  gathered 
in  the  monUis  of  December  and  January,  and  laid  in  a  dry  lofb,  where  they 
will  keep  good  for  a  vear  or  two,  if  not  wanted  for  sowing ;  and  whence  they 
may  be  tucen  in  eariy  spring,  and  exposed  to  the  sun,  or  at  any  season,  and 
slightly  dried  on  a  kiln,  as  already  mentioned,  p.  949. 


i/Xxvii,  coni'feRjS  :  pi*nus. 

■  1  S.  P.  (s.)  Pom'Lio  fliwi*.     The  dw«f.  a 

tttrti  montisi  v  Alll  Berl  Cw.'  ed.  i . ).  d.  tM 
■.  ImiL  3K.,  Ua  MHami.  f.  ITl.  i  Ftn  ufo,  fl 
—      *  "  ,1.  LI.;  oaifif.  IIS).  toowDHtia 

;^ec.  Char.,  ^.  Branches  geDerall;  lecumbeut.  Leaves  ahort,  a^S,  loine- 
what  twisted  (  thickly  distributed  over  the  branches,  with  loi^,  lacerated, 
woolly,  white  sheaths.  Cones,  when  young,  erect  (  when  mature,  pointing 
outwards.     Buds  {Jig.  1763.)  orate,  blunt,  resiuooa.    Leaves  (Jig.  17M.  c) 


from  e  in.  to  £}  in.  long ;  dieaths,  at  first,  &om  \  in.  to  1 J  in.  long,  white 
and  lacerated  ;  aStemtiA*  falibg  off  or  shrinking  to  ^  in.  or  j  in.  long,  nod 
becoming  dark  brown  or  black.  Cones  (d)  from  1}  in.  to  8  in.  long,  and 
from  t  in.  to  1  in.  broad ;  reddish  or  dark  purplish  brown  when  ycnng,  and 
of  a  dull  brown  when  mature.  Scales  (b)  and  seeds  (a)  resembling  those 
of  P.  aylrfstris,  but  smaller.  Cotvledons  5  to  7.  A  la^  spreading  bush, 
or  low  tree.  Europe,  on  mouotams.  Height  10  ft.  to  20  ft.  Introduced 
in  ITT9.  Floweriiw  and  ripening  its  cotm*  at  the  same  tune  as  the  Bcotch 
pine,  when  in  a  similar  locJity. 

■  (   P-  (»■)  P-  »  ruin^om.  — Flowers  red. 

■  1   P-  (».)  P-  3  FUcheri  Booth,  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  183fl,  Laumm'i  Man. 

p.  333.  — In  the  shoots  and  foliage,  it  bears  so  strong  a  resemblance 
to  P.  (».)  pumtlio,  that  we  doubt  very  much  if  it  e»«i  merits  to  be 
considered  as  a  variety  of  that  species.     In- 
troduced in  183!.     H.  8. 

■  I  P.  (i.)  p.  4  Miehus.   P.  s.  Migho  Matt. 

Camer. ;  P.  montina  Bama.  Cat. ;  P.  Mugho 
Jacq.,  Pou'.,  end  N.  Du  Ham.  v.  p.  93S. 
t.  68.  (ojirjlgi.  1766.  end  1767.,  the  latter 
showmg  the  cone,  seed,  scale,  and  sheath  of 
leaves,  of  the  natural  ate)  ,  P.  ediinita 
NorL;  P.  uncbata  Kamond'in  Dec,  Lodd. 
Cat.  ed.  1836;  the  Mugho  wild  Pine;  Rn 
Mugho,  Torchepn,  Pin  auffis,  Rn  crin,  Pin 
du  Brian^onnais,  Pin  de  Montagne,  FV.  i 
Bergfichtc,  Ger.  ;  Mughi,  /(ai^TBis  variety 
IS  included  by  Alton  and  others  in  the  pre- 
ceding one;  but,  having  seen  both  sorts 
bearing  cnncs,  we  are  satiEfied  that  they  are 
distinct,  thourii  ihey  bear  so  close  a  resem- 
blance to  each  other  in  foliage  and  habit,         ,;«.   ^  i»un««» 


156  ARBORETDU    ET    FRUTICETUH    BBITAMNICUH. 

that,  -whea  the  cones 

ore      absent,     they 

might   be   nipposed 

to  be  identical.     It 

is   rernarked  in  the 

iftmveau  Du  Hanet, 

that    all    the    pub- 

liabed  figures  oT  tbU 

Tariet;  are  bad,  with 

the  exception  of  the 

one    given    in   that 

work,    Iroin    ithicb 

oiira  is  copied.     On  ' 

comparing^t.  1764. 

and  1767.,  it  wiU  be 

fbuod  that  the  cooea 

of  P.  («.)  p.   Mu- 

ghta,   independeoUy 

of  the  peculiar  pro- 
tuberant appeamtce 

of   the    scales,   are 

larger  than  those  of 

/■.(B.)puDiIlio.  This 

and  other  differences  ,]„_  f  (,  |  ^-ij  , 

in  the  cones  are  quite 

sufficient,  in   a   technical   point  of  Tiew,  to  coDStitute  P.  (t.)  p. 

Mughut  and  P.  (s.)  pumSlio  dintinct  species ;  but,  notwithstaiiaiiig 

this,  the^  bear  such  obvious  mails  of  belonging  to  P.  sylvfatris,  ia 

thdr  foliage,  h^it,  and  locality,  that  we  cannot  for  a  mofaent  hea> 

tate  about  thdr  connexion  with  that  species. 
■  I   P.  (s.)  p.  5  M.  ndua.  The  Knee  Pine  of  the  Styrian  Alps.— Never 

grows  above  3ft.  high.  (Anioiae'i  Cbm^en.  p.  '3.;  andGard.  Afag^ 

IS4I,  p.  89.)     A  plant   has  been  in  the  THnity  CcU^e  Botanic 

Gantea,  Dublin,  since  1817;  and,  in  30  years,  it  has  not  attained  a 

greater  bdght  than  an  ordinary-sized  man's  knee. 
Other  Varietirt.  P.  ^s.)  pumllio  and  P.  (s.)  p.  Mi^hiu  vary  so  much 
according  to  the  locaLtiea  in  which  they  are  found,  that,  if  it  were  desirable 
to  iocrease  the  number  of  subvarietiea,  there  might  be  a  dwarf,  a  taU,  and  a 
iDedium  form  given  to  each.  In  the  Horticultural  Societ/s  Garden,  there 
ia  a  handsome,  erect-growing,  small  tree  of  P.  (s.)  p.  iaighut,  under  the 
name  of  P.  uncinata,  and  also  a  dwarf  plant,  under  the  same  naote :  both 
producing  hooked  cones. 


t  3.P.  Lam'cI' 


Pmr. 


Hie  Conieam,  or  Larch,  I^ne. 

,    Fair.  Id  Uim.  BDcrc.  h.  p.  S3&. ;  Dae.  Fr.  FL,  >.  p.  ST4- 
niMn    P.  itItImiIi  1  mufOnu  dU.  Bm.  Km.  ML  p,  MS.  i  P.  n 


X>Wn»Aw     L.iIiS^°.%d.  si.!,  1.4,1  N.  Dn  Hi 
"h  HoRJculianl  SaclMT'i  Gu^j  wt  J^.  IISI 


S^KS 


Spec.  Char.,  j-c.  Leaves  lax,  twice  the  length  of  the  cones.  Cones  conical, 
often  in  pairs,  sometimes,  but  rarelv,  in  threes  or  la  fours.  Scales  coovei 
on  the  back,  elliptic  in  thdr  general  form,  scarcely  angular,  and  very  slightly 
pointed.  Male  flowers  almost  sessile,  dongated,  having  the  anthers  ter- 
minated by  a  small  round  crest.  Bud  (see  J^.  1768.)  from  }  in.  to  1  in. 
long;  and  from  ^In.  to  )  in.  hroad  j  ovate,  with  a  long  narrow  point,  aod 
concave  at  the  sides,  resembling  a  camel-hair  penciL  Scales  adpmaed,aod 
encrusted  with  white  resin.  The  centre  bud  generally  surrounded  by  three 
or  more  small  buds.     Cones  varying  from  Sin.  to  Sin.  or  more  in  lengthj 


LXXTII.   CONl'FEILE  :    PI  NU8.  9o7 

and  from  ]  in.  to  I J  in.  in  breadth.    The 
point!  of  the  scales  turned  over  like  an 
under  Up,  and   terminating   in   a  point 
ifhicli   has   a  Tery  small   prickle,  often 
Bcarcelj  perceptible.     The  colour  of  the 
cone  tawny,  and  the  interior  part  of  the 
scales  purple.   Leaves  vary- 
ing in  length  &om  4  in.  to 
6 in.  and  upward*;    gene- 
rally two  in  a  sheath  on  the 
side  branches,  but  occasion- 
ally  three  on   the    leading 
shoots.      Seeds  greyish   or 
black,  twice  as  large  as  those 
of /*.  Bjlv&tris.   Cotyledons 
(seej%.  17700  6  to  8.    A 
lol^  tree,     Corsica,  8|)ain, 
Italy,  Greece,  and  various 
parts  of  the  South  of  Eu- 
rope,   the  Ham  in  Oer- 
iTM.  many,    and    Caucasus    in 

'■  '"'*'  Rusna  ;  generally  on  deeper 

soil  than  P.  sylv^stris.  Height  60  ft., 
eoft„  100ft,  ISOft,  according  to  the 
variety,  the  climate,  and  the  soil.  In- 
troduced in  1759,  It  flowers  in  May, 
and  its  cones  are  ripe  in  November  of 
the  second  year. 
Varietiti.  Judging  from  the  names  in 
Continental  catdogues,  these  are  nume-  '"■  '■  ''***■ 

rou* ;  but,  as  these  names  are  chiefly  eipresmve  of  difierent  localities,  we 
are  ignorant  how  far  the  plants  are  really  distinct.  In  the  Ntnteeau  Du 
Hamel  only  one  variety  is  given,  which  is  characterised  by  the  cones  being 
greenish,  those  of  the  species  being  described  as  of  a  tawny  or  fawn 
colour,  Delamarre,  in  bis  Triatt  Praligue,  8cc.,  enmneralea  five 
varieties,  some  of  which,  however,  are  considered  by  M.  Vilmorin  as  , 
being  probably  spedei ;  the  cones  not  having  yet  been  seen. 
t   e.  L.  \  cornoma,    Laricio  de  I'lle  de  Corse,  Delamarre.- 


—  Cones  of  a  greenish  \ 
ydlow. 

f  V.  L.3  cttramiiuca.  P.  caiam&nica  Bote;  P.  caramani^nsis 
Boh  Jard.,  ed.  1B37,  p.  974. ;  Laricio  de  Caramanie  on  de 
I'Ana  Mineure,  Zhlamaire;  7  P.  romina  Lotid,  Hort.  Soc. 
Gmd,  —  /*.  L.  caram&nicB  seldom  grows  to  above  half  the 
hogfat  of  P.  L.  coraickna :  it  has  a  much  rounder  and 
more  bushy  head,  with  strwght,  or  nearly  straight,  leaves, 
slender  branches,  reddish-coloured  bark,  end  reddish  buds 
which  ere  wholly,  or  in  part,  covered  with  white  reeio. 
The  scales  of  the  conea,  which  are  larger  than  those  of 
P.  L.  corsicbna,  are  tipped  with  a  harder  and  more  horoy 
point.  Introduced  into  France  from  the  Levant  in  ITEM, 
and  to  England  in  1880. 

S  P.  Zi.  4  calimica.  Laricio  de  Mont  8ila  en  Calabre,  Dela- 
mam.  —  This  pine,  Michaui  and  Vilmorin  remark  in  a 
note  to  Delarnarre's  work,  resembles  the  pine  of  Caramania; 
but  there  are  only  young  plants  of  it  in  France,  which  have 
Dot  yet  fruited. 


flS8  AKBORETUM   KT   FRUTICSTUH   BRITANNICL-M. 

f   P.  L.  &  aialriaca.     P.  Bustrlaca  H'du ;  Lkricio  d'Autriche,  ou  de  U 
Hongrie,  De/amarre. —  Scarcely  dificrs  Inxii  P.  caram&iiicB,  whkh 
grows  both  in  Romania  and  in  the  Ciimca.    We  are  satiified  of  this, 
not  oiily  from  living  planti  io  Biitiih  gardcoB,  but  from  cones  trbidt 
we  have  receirad  mm  Vkoul 
Olier  Vanetia.     P.  aUItnuui  and  probably  aome  other  names  ue  ^ifdied 
to  F,  Larido,  or  aome  of  it«  vHinetiei,  but  not  in  nicb  a  manner  ea  to  enable 
us  to  itate  anythinz  aatis&ctorj  respecting  the>i.     Tbe  only  truly  distinct 
formi  of  this  apeoai,  in  our  o[miiDD,  are,  P.  L.  oorwcana,  P.  L.  caramd- 
nica  (of  which  there  is  a  haodsonie  tree  ia   the  Horticultural  Society's 
Oarden,  under  the  name  of  P.  romina),  P.  L.  PallasiiiRii  (of  whidi  there 
are  trees  at  White  Knightt  and  Boyton),  and  perhapa  F.  L.  pyren^ca  ;  tbe 
two  last  we  liave  treat^  as  Epecies,  for  the  sake  of  keeping  them  distinct. 
The  bnuiche*  are  disposed  in  whorls,  of  five  or  six  in  a  whorl ;  which  are 
distinziushed  fttxa  the  branchei  of  P.  Pinaster,  by  being  often  twitted  and 
turned  in  a  lateral  direction  at  their  eitremides,  especially  in  full-growD  trees. 
The  leaves  vary  much  in  length,  according  to  the  age  of  the  tree,  and  tbe  soil 
on  which  it  grows.   The  shortest  are  generally  4  or  5  indies,  and  thelongot  7 
orS  inches,long.  The  cones  are  commonly 
in  pairs,  but  sometimes  three  and  some- 
times four   occur   together :    they  point 
horitontally  and  sligfatty  downwards,  and 
sometimes  they  are  sli^cly  curved,  so  aa 
to  be  concave  at  the  eitremity  of  the  side 
next  the  ground.     They  are  from  Sin.  to 
3  in.,  or  more,  in  length;  of  a  ruddy  yellow 
or  tawny  colour,  or  greenish.     In  France, 
according  to  Thouin,   F.   Larido  growa 
two  thirds  taster  than   the   Scotch  pine, 
placed   in  a  umilar    soil   and    situation, 
fisudtilkrt  says   that   the    wood   of   P. 
Larido  has  neither  the  strength  nor  tiie 
elasticity  of  that  of  P.  aylv&tns.     Previ- 
oualy  to  the  year  178B,  the  wood  was  only 
used  by  the  French  government  for  the 
beams,  the  floorii^,  and  the  mde  planlcs  of  ' 
ships  1  but,  in  that  year,  the  administration  „„.  ,  i,.,^ 

of  the  manne  sent  two  eiuinaers  to  examine 

the  Forests  of  Lonca  and  Rospa  in  Conica,  in  which  abundance  of  irecs  were 
found  fit  for  mut*.  After  this,  entire  vessels  were  built  with  it :  only  it  was 
found  necessary  to  give  greater  thickness  to  the  masts,  in  order  to  supply  its 
want  of  strength  and  elastidty.  The  thickness  of  thes^  wood  in  P.  Lvjcb 
is  greater  than  in  moat  other  spedea  of  pine  j  but  the  heart  wood  is  found  to 
be  of  very  great  duration.  In  Corsica,  it  is  employed  for  all  the  purposrs  for 
which  it  M  used,  when  of  86  or  40  years'  growth.  It  is  easily  worked,  aoil 
is  used  both  by  catHnetmaken  and  sculptors  in  wood ;  the  figures  which  onia> 
roent  the  head*  of  vesaek  bong  genially  made  of  it.  In  Britain,  the  tree 
hitherto  can  only  be  conddered  as  odz^  one  of  omameDt ;  and,  as  such,  it 
deserves  to  be  planted  extenaiTely  for  its  very  r^ular  and  hudsome  form,  and 
the  intensely  dark  green  of  its  abundant  foliage.  It  also  deserves  planting  on 
a  large  scale  as  a  useAil  tree,  on  account  of  the  great  tapidity  of  its  growth. 
In  the  low  districts  of  Britain,  it  might  probably  be  a  good  substitute  for  P. 
sylvfstris. 

S  4.   P.  (L)  KV;sTM\CK  Hw.     The  Austrian,  or  Woe*.  Pine. 

UrUffiaaim.     HHu  AnlHl.,  p.  (L  |  lAMmf  Huliul.  o.  ioa. 

Sjr-DBjmiM.    P.  nfnlcut  Uart.i  P.  ntirfKnu  Hm. :  tcbrint  Fohn.  Orr. 
!¥ ™r"W-    **• 'V*-.  "howlni  the  Mid  or  ■  pluil  or  Iwn  jmi-j'  grgvili  In  Ui«  lIuniruKunI  to- 
cin)''t  Cudm)  »nilj4l1S-,"TOnBorthen«lur.liin7,frum»ip«lnKr  rrrrlmlu  VkasL 


LXXTII.  COBI'fERB  I    Pl'BtJB.  »69 

Spec.  Cbr^  ie,    Sbeath  with  from  S  to  S  ring^  at  fint  of  a  clear  aih  wtvf, 
then  becoming  reddith,  aftenrardB  dariter,  sod  at  last  black.    Learea  m>m 
S  in.  to  5  in.  long ;  aeldou,  and  but  little,  twiitod ;  when  young,  erect ; 
whei)  older,  rtanding  out,  and  carved  towarda  the  twig;  outer  autfiice 
halfrou&d,    dark  green,  gloBi;,   and  with  a 
ahuply  Ecrrated  margin;  inner  surface  nearly 
even,   but  sli^tly   dotted  along   the  lidge; 
point!  prickly,  of  a  yellowuh  brown  or  fawn 
colour.      Buds  large,  the  leader  often  from 
I  in.  to  1^  in.  long,  orste,  with  a  long  jKdnt. 
The  cone  doei  not  arrive  at  maturity  till 
October  in  it»  second  year  ;  it  is  conical, 
,    rounded  at  the  base,  Sor  3  inches  long, 
'    poiniing  horizontally,  or   nearly  bo  ;  of 
'   a  light  yellow  brown,  policed,  and  ahin- 
ing.    8«eda  very  doaely  reaembling  those   ^ 
of  P.  Laricio  i  and  the  cotyledons  6  or 
e,  aa  in  that  species.     The  bark  of  the  , 
I    shoots  of  the  current  year  ij  of  a  green-  < 

isb   yellow,  regulariy  aod  deeply  raised 
I   by  the  insertions  of  the  leaves,  furrowed,  / 
'   and  shining.  (Hiltfi  Oemeinjattliche  Aa-  ' 
Uilung.ll.c.f'O.  £)     A  large  tree.     Austria,  in 
the  £amB  roreat  (Wienerwald),  the  Banate, 

rn  the  Demoglet,  near  Mebadia;   and  in 
Deuhbourbood  of  the  Snowy  Mountains, 

at   higher    altitudes    than   i^cea    pectinito. 

H^ht  60ft.  to   BOft.     Introduced  in  1835.  ^      «„«,» 

It  nowen  about  the   end   of  May,  and   its  '"*■  '"     '"""""■ 

conea  are  ripe  in  the  October  ofthe  second  year. 

This  pine  prefers  a  deep,  dry,  calcareous  sand ;  but  it  will  succeed  in  any 
■oil,  provided  it  is  loose ;  and  it  even  loves  a  moist  soil,  if  not  too  wet.  It 
thrives  best  in  situations  having  a  southern  aspect,  l^e  sap  wood  of  F.  aus- 
uiacaissaid  by  Hosa  to  be  of  a  whitish  yellow,  and  the  heart  wood  of  a  rusty 
vellow ;  the  latter  being  very  resinous,  strong,  and  tough.  It  is  much  valued 
in  Austria,  when  kept  dry;  and  is  said  to  gurpass  even  the  larch  in  resisting 
the  mjurious  effects  of  water,  or  of  altertiate  moisture  and  dryness. 

X  fi.  F.  (L.)  PaixasuV.^  Lamb.     Pallas's,  or  the  TartaHan,  Pine. 
Utttlillcallati.    Lunb.  PIDj  td.  1.,  1. 1.  >■  i  LtwKin'i  Itmof],  p.  Sn. 
Sgaewtma.    F.  Uflrka  Borl.  i  P.  titi. 

1787  :    P.   nurllima  Fait.   lui.    T^iir. 

Imt'i  bnrbuiuia)  -,  Tuna  [a  Ibg  TuUr 
lUSUIS*. 
EntraUmft.    Iamb.  Fla..  •!.  *.,  1.  I.  9.  { 
tb*  pIBc  at  Ibli  DH  Id  Arb.  BrlL,  lit 


Spec.  Char^  S^c.  Leaves  in  pun, 
very  long,  erect,  rigid,  chan- 
neled 1  sheaths  very  short. 
Crest  of  the  anthers  ronndtsh, 
convex,  repand.  Cone  ovat^ 
oblong,  often  curved.  Scales 
slightly  tuberculale,  and  termi- 
nated by  a  very  small  prickle. 
(Lam*.)  Bud  0%.  177S.) 
jin.  to  l^in.  long,  and  ftom 


960  AKBORETDH  BT  rRUTICETtlH  BRITAHMICUH. 

\  in.  to  I  in.  broad ;  onte,  and  pointed,  ivhh  die  ndea  mo- 
csTC,  like  those  of  P.  Lartcio,  but  much  Urger.  Lcaici 
fieej^,  1777.)  from  iin.  to  7or  Sinches  ia  length  ;  sbeath 
from  ^in.  to  }iD.  in  length,  Conet  from  4ia.  to  Sia.  in 
I  length,  and  from   1)  in.  to  l)in.  in  breadth  at  the  wideM 

pan;  ovate-oral,  acuminate,  horiionttU  in  thdr  directian, 
and  (li^tl;  incurved  at  the  extremities,  which  point  down- 
ward*. Scales  as  in  those  of  P.  Larido,  but  larger.  A 
targe  spreading  tree.  Taurica.  Height  60  ft.  to  70  (t.,  some- 
timesSOft.  Introducedin  1790.  It  flowers  in  the  end  of  H>f, 
and  its  cones  are  ripe  in  November  of  the  second  year. 
VarielKi.  We  can  readily  concave  that  P.  L.  PnllaFiwf',  like 
itTi.  everj  other  vaiietj  of  P.  l^rido,  ia  liable  to  sport  ;  and, 

^- "->"""■""-      BccOTdinglv,  of  the  treea  possessed  bj  Mr.  Lambert,  one 
hat  the  cones  atraieht  and  shorty  and  anoUier  long  and  crooked.     The  P- 
taurica  of  the  London  gardeiM 
is  without  doubt  a  syoonyme, 
and  DOt  even  a  variety. 
This  tree  is  about  the  aiie  of 
P.   sylvittris,   but    much    more 
spreading,  sending  out  numerous 
large,   declining,   and   horiiontal 


base;  the  lower  brancbe«  almost 
equalling  the  trunk  itself  in  nie, 
"n  which 


P,  (L.)  PaltasioRs  diOers  from 
P,  Larlcio,  judjpng  from  the  trees 
at  White  Knights,  is  in  the  lenclb 
of  the  cones :  the  leaves  are  also 
laner  than  those  of  P.  Larfcio; 
ana,  on  the  whole,  the  diflcr- 
ence  may^  be  compared  to  that 
which  exists  between  TIlia  w 


Lxxvii.  coni'berje:  pi  nus.  961 

id  T,  e.  gnndifBIb,  or  the  pin  de  Hagaieau  uid  the  pin  de 
I  6.  P.  (L.)  fvrbna'ica  Lap.    The  Pyreoean  Hne. 

.    L4  Parnxiia  Supp.  Fl.  Fymj  Bon  iuS..  sd.  lUT.  p-  Vli. 


rma.    P-  Utp^lcA 


^KT.  Char.,  Ifc.     Leaves  long,  in  tufts  at  the  extremities  of  the  shoots ; 
branches    dispersed,   naked,   scaly   when   young.      Cones    conical, 
smooth,  and  a  little  recurved,  seeds  hard.  (Lap.)     The  tree  when   I 
young  somewhat  resembles  P.  hal^ensis,  but  when  older  it    - 
a  much  hi^er  stature,  and  a  more  pyramidal  farin.     The  ci.  .       -  -,    , 
like  those  of  P.  halepenaia,  on  strong  footstalks  ;   but,  instead  or   \ 

Kinting  downwards,  they  are  always  in  a  horizontal  direc^on.  The  ' 
ives  are  lon^  and  fine ;  but  strong  and  upright,  and  arraoged  round 
the  branches  like  the  hairs  of  a  camel-hair  pencil,  whence  the  nair~ 
of  pin  pinceau.  Thev  are  sometimes  three  in  a  sheath,  on  tti 
young  shoots.  (Ann.  de  ta  Soc.  iTHort.  de  Pani,  liii.  p.  186.)  . 
majestic  tree.  Spain,  in  the  extensive  forests  or  (he  Sierra  d 
Sc^ura.  and  other  places.  Height  60  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  i 
1834.  It  Sowers  in  Hay,  and  its  cones  are  ripened  in  the  November  ins. 
of  the  second  year. 

Captain  Cook,  who  introduced  thb  pine,  describes  it  as  ^uite  hardy,  of  quick 
growth,  and  from  its  noble  appearance,  the  beauty  of  ita  form,  and  the  clear 


transparent  colour  of  both  the  bark  and  foliage,  likely  to  bea  vast  acquisition 
to  our  park  scenery.     The  timber  is  white  and  dry,  being  nearly  without  tiir- 

Ctioe;  but  the  cones  exude  a  most  delicious  balsamic  odour,  as  do  the 
cs.     H.  8. 

I   7.  P.  Pisa'strr  Ail.     The  Pinaster,  or  duller.  Pine 


962  ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

I.  XL  I  P.  miritlsu  N.  Db  Ham.  t.  s  Ma j  P.  if  nloi  nsrr  Prom,  nrr  In  CUrt  4t  OtKtgmt 
p.  ttl.  :  P.  MmMMoaiima  Lamb.  I  «d.  f\H.  ;  Pin  di  Bonlwii.  Pin  dM  LudM  i  PlBUtiOk  lUl. 
EntrawhUt-    Du  Hub-  Ar1>„  No.  4-  I.  K. :  Ltfpb.  P^q-.  td^l»  1.  t.9.  i  M.  Du  Hhil,  &.  t.  TS.  am 
n.  UiT  I  i  tliaplun  i>r  IhlitrHln  Arb.  Brit.,  IB.nllt.  ral.  Tltl.:  lai  M.  iim..Ui  our  nm 
•cltsA*'  mi.  and  l!M,,  oTUiiiiiilanl  (Ik.  rnm  Dropnorv  ud  PiJn'i  HUI  ipcdniHu. 
i!^er.  CAiTT.,  4'^.     LcnveB  in  pairs,  ^A,  very  [ang.     Cone*  conical,  placed  ii 

whorls  of  3,  4i,or  even  as  many  aa  B,  together;  rather  Bolitary,  mueri  ahorte: 

than  the  leaves;  the 

backs  or  the  scalen 

fonning  each  a  rhom* 

bcHdel  pyramid,  with 

two    lateral     an^es, 

from  which   proceed 

ribs,   terminating   at 

the   summit   of   the 

pyramid  in  a  smaller 

pyramid,   which   has 

a   hard   point,  more 

or  less  sharp,  and  of 

a  grey  colour.    Crest 

of  the  anthers  round- 
ed. Bud(j%  1761.) 


ftoTD   J  in.   to   }  in. 
long;  and  from  )in. 

straiKtit-sided,  cylin- 
drical, with  (he  scales 
turned  back  ;  white 
and  woolly,  but  never 
resinous  ;  surround- 
ing buds  few  and 
small.  Leaves  (see 
Jig,  I78B.)  from  6  or 
8  inches  to  1  It.  in 
length,  slightly  ser- 
rated on  the  mar- 
gins I  sheaths  from  |,,^  ,  hm»b, 
^in.tojin.inlength; 

mibrieated,  scarcely  rigid  ;  pale  green  or  whitish  at  first,  and  becoming 
at  last  black.  Cones  irom  4  in.  to  6  in.  in  length,  and  from  1)  in. 
to  2}  in.  wide  at  the  broadest  part ;  light  brown,  and  shining;  sodea 
from  lin.  to  I^in.  in  length,  and  from  Jin.  to  | in.  in  breadth  at  the  widest 
part  (  terminating  in  a  regular  pvramid  ;  rhomboidal  at  the  base.  The  sum- 
mit consisting  of  a  smaller  rbomboideJ  pyramid,  of  an  ash-grey  colour,  very 


Lxxvii.  coni'frils:  pi'nub.  963 

hM^  bmI  with  B  ramll  sharp  poiot,  more  partkularlj  in  the  vqiper  part  of 
the  cone.  Seeds  oblonc,  and  n>ea«urine,  without  the  wing,  upwards  of 
lio.  in  length,  and  nearl;  ^in.  hi  bresdUi;  with  the  wing  above  IJin,  in 
length;  wing  nearly  fin.  in  breadth.  Cotyledons  T  or  8.  A  Ivge  tree. 
Bouth  of  Europe  and  (Ireece  i  chiefly  in  low  dtuadons,  and  Bandy  soili 
near  the  sea.  Height  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  aometlmes  70  ft.  Introduced  in  1596.  It 
tlowers,  near  Loiulon,  in  the  be^nnine  of  June ;  in  the  North  and  Wett  of 
Fnnce,  in  May ;  and  on  the  Landei  of  Bordeaux,  in  April ;  and  the  cones 
ripen  at  the  end  of  the  second  year. 

Vaneliti,  The  extensive  geographical  rai^  of  this  tree  has  pven  rise  to 
many  xarieties,  though  we  have  seen  but  very  few  that  can  be  considered 
truly  distinct 

i   P.  P.  8  Aberdimt  Gard.  Mag.  vol.  it.  p.  IBS.   P.  P.  Escar^uf  Arb. 

BriL  Ist  edit  p.  2814.  —  The  leaves  are  ofapoler  green  than  tfaoie 

of  the  spedea,  bat  thqr  are  equally  1 

coites  are  shorter,  and  more  orate. 

haadsrane  variety.     Introduced  into 

Aberdeen,  m  1885. 
t   P.  P.  3  Z^auHdinua.     P.  LenwnioNa 

act,  ToL  L,  seccHid  series,  p.  509. 

nSS,  to  oar  usual  scale,  and  Jig. 

1784^  to  the  natural  site.— This  is 

also   a  very  disliDCt  variety,  but 

quite  the  apposite  of  the  last ; 

being  a  stoned  bushy  plant,  with 


rently  in  the  same  reiuion  t 
pumflio  does  to  P.  sylv^tris. 

*  P.  P.  4  mhwT.  P.  marititna  minor  N.  Du  Ham.  v.  p.  242.  t.  78,  bis, 
f.  1.,  and  ourj&.  1TB5. ;  Pin  Piatot,  Pin  de  Hans.  Hu  k  Trochet— 
This  variety,  which  is  chiefly  distinguished  by  the  somewhat  smalla' 
size  of  its  cones,  being  from  3^  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and  1)  in.  brood,  is 
sud  by  Bosc  to  be  produced  by  a  colder  climate,  and  to  abound  on 
the  west  coast  of  France,  especially  on  the  barren  sands  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Mann  j  and  to  be  hardier  than  the  species.  It  is 
found  in  the  Landes  of  Bordeaux,  (irowing  aknig  with  P.  iHn&ster. 

t  P.  P.  5  JoGii  %arifgatit.  —  Leaves  variegated. 

t  P.  P.  6  wariI'mniM. —  Shoots  and  leaves  more  slender  than  those  of  the 
Bpecien.     Greece  nnd  Itnly,  on  ihe  sea  coast. 

Other  Varirliei.     Several  enumerated  in  our  first  edition  bear  the  names 


W4  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITANHICUM. 

of  the  countries  whence  thej  were  iotroduced,  but  the]'  are  not  worth 
keeping  distinct.  The  onljr  varietiea  of  pinaster  which  we  think  worth  cal- 
tivBting  are,  P.  P.  Aberdoniie  and  P.  P.  LemoDvimu,  and,  for  those  wlio 
like  vuic^Bted  phuits,  P.  P.  foliis  varic^ktia. 

Ti !_  _ J,  jecjjej   taproot  in  thin   pine   than  in 

1  species  ;  and,  where  the  soil  is  Ary  and 
lerpendicularly  into  it,  like  the  root  of  ■ 
ed  tree.  In  proportion  as  the  perpendi- 
I  are  Htronger  than  those  of  other  pines, 
atal  roots  are  weaker ;  and  hence,  in  the 
inapbnted  trees,  irom  the  wdght  of  the 


head,  produced  bj  the  dense  mass  of  long  foliage,  the  stem  is  generally 
inclined  to  one  side  ;  and  when,  after  two  or  three  years,  it  b^ns  to  grow 
erect,  a  curvature  appears  close  above  the  root,  which  remains  visible  even  in 
old  trees.  The  rate  of  growth  is  verj'  rapid ;  plants,  in  10  years  from  the 
seed,  attaining  the  height  of  10  or  Xt  feet,  and,  in  twenty  years,  the  height  of 
30  tV.,  in  the  climate  of  London,  The  wood  is  in  thick  layers,  soft,  and  not 
of  great  dumtion.  The  most  remarkable  bet  in  the  history  of  this  tree  is  the 
great  use  which  has  been  made  of  it  in  France,  in  covering  immense  tracts  of 
Barren  sand  on  the  sea  coast.  Though  the  wood  of  the  pinaster  is  sdl,  and 
not  of  long  duration,  it  is  employed,  in  the  marine  arsenal  at  Toulon,  for  the 
outer  cases  of  all  the  packages  which  are  put  on  board  vessels,  and  principally 
Ibr  the  piles  and  props  which  are  usitl  for  sustaining  the  Irames  of  vessels 
while  they  are  being  constructed.     In  Bordeaux  and   in  Provence,  it  is  em- 

Eloyed  for  the  common  kinds  of  carpentry,  for  p»cking-boies,  and  for  fuel  ; 
lit  the  most  vshiable  purposes  to  which  the  tree  is  applied  in  these  countriea 
is  the  production  of  rosin,  tar,  and  lampblack.  The  modes  of  procuring  pitch, 
tar,  rosin,  &c,,  from  the  /^raster,  ere  given  et  length  in  our  first  edition,  toL  iv. 
p.  8221.  to  282*.  A  deep  drysand,  or  a  sandj  loam  ona  dry  bottom,  suita 
this  tree  best ;  it  abhors  chalk,and  every  description  of  calcareous  aoil.   With 


respect  to  elevatioD,  though  it  will  endure  the  sea  breeie,  it  will  Dot  thrive,  in 
Engluiid,  much  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

t  8.  P.  Pt'HBA  L.    The  Slime  Fine. 

Sp.  PI..  HIS.:  All.  Hart.  Kcir.,  (d  l,3.p.  «GS. 
Vm  fiaiul.  PA>.  p.  t9l.{  i*.  dom^tln  ifsOI.  Camm,  f7.i  Pin  Pl(naa.  Fhi  bae. 

£«n»«Wi.  'BlHTkw..  t!ll».'i  Du  Hun.   Arb., «.' t.  IT.'i  Tibein.  Ic.  tK,  i  Lunb.  Fin.,].  (.10. 
ll.  i  N.  Da  Hani..  3.  t.  n.  f.  S.  i  Full.  H  Turn.,  t.  lU.  1  HIchi.  K.  Amer.  S}!..  a.  t.  IK. ;  tha 

Sua  of  thlilrmia  Arb.  BrlL,  liledll.,  lol.  111^1  ourj^.  1188..  U  our  uiiul  kxIb  {  J^  1787.10 
lO..  Dttbeutunl  liie.  rrmn  Dropman  aid  WUtaKDlgbu. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  in  p^rs.     Conei  ovate,  obtuse,  nearly  as  long  ns  the 
leaves,  their  scales  with  recurved  deciduous  poinbu     Seed  bony,  with  very 
short  wings.     Crest  of  the  anthera  jagged.  (Smiih.)     The 
buds   (see  JSg.   1787.)    resemble  those  of  /^n&ster,   but   j^ 
are  fmaller   in   all    their  dimenuons,  much   less  pointed,  a 
more  woolly,  and  wholly  without  resin.     The  surround-  « 
ing  buds  are  nesrly  as  large  as  the  central  one.      The    ll 
leaves  are  from  Sin.   to T in.,  and  sometimes  8in.,  long, 
serrated  ;  sheaths,  at  first,  i  in.  long,  afterwards  becoming 
lacerated,  shortened  to  halt  their  length,  aiul  ringed  with 
Tour  or  five  rings.     Cone  Iron)  5  in.  to  6  in,  in  length ;  and 
from  3Jin.  to  4  in.  b  breadth  ;  scales  lai^  and  woody,  from 
S  in.  to  V|in.  in  length,  and  from  1  in.  to  IJin.  in  Iveadth, 
wilh  the  thickened  part  pyramidal,  rhomboidal,  and  some- 
times hexagonal  in  the  plan,  resembling  those  of  P.  Pin&ster,      „„   ,  p,_^ 
but  having  four  ribs  from  the  four  angles,  instead  of  two 
from  the  lateral  angles.     The  ribs  meet  in  a  small  rhomboidal  pyramid,  of  a 
grei/  colour,  which  terminates  in  a  broad  blunt  prickle.     The  colour  of  the 
entire  cone  is  much  ligliter  than  that  c^  F.  i^nitster,  and  is  of  a  pale  wainv 
cot  colour.     Seeds,  without  the  wing,  4  in.   long,  and  from  fin.  to  {in. 
broad  (  with  the  wing,  1  in.  long.     Cotyledons  9  to  1 1.     A  low  or  middle- 
used  tree.  Greece,  imd  cultivated  in  Ital)'.  Height,  in  Greece,  50  ft.  to  60  ft.  i 
in  England,  15  ft.  to  SO  ft.,  rarely  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1548.     It  flowers, 
in  the  climate  of  London,  in  the  latter  end  of  May  or  the  beginning  of  June, 
and  ripens  its  cones  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 
Varieliei. 

t  ?  P.  P.  S/rigifi.  N.  Du  Ham.  v.   p. 

S42. —  The  only  variety  mentioned 

by   Continentul   authors ;   and   it 

onl^  differs   from   the  species  in 

having  a  tender  shell  to  Ine  seed. 

t  P.  P.  3  crilica  Hort.  — The  leaves 

seem  to  be  rather  finer  than  those 

of  the  species. 

In  the  South  of  Eurojpe,  this  species  is  a 

biife  tree,  with  a  spreading  head,  fi>rminK  a 

kind  of  parasol,  and  a  trunk  30  or  40  feet 

high,  cl^r  of  branches;  but  in  England  it 

generally   forms    a    buah   rarely   exceeding 

Id  ft.  in  height.      The  soil  for  the  stone 

pine  should  lie  deep,  sandy,  and  dry,  and 


sheltered,  thourii  the  plai 
should  not  be  crowded.  The  seeds  are 
procured  fivm  foreign  cones,  which  are 
generally  purchased  in  the  autumn,  or  at 
the  bt^nning  of  winter,  and  the  seeds 
taken  out  of  them  by  throwing  them  .into 
hot  water,  and  treating  lllcm  like  those  of  p' 
sown  in  l>ots  in  the  cou-^e  of  the  winter,  and 


966 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


1719.    P.  Pln^B. 


gently  moist,  till  the  spring  ;  when  rooHt  of  the  seeds  will  come  up,  thoo^ 
some  will  remain  in  the  ground  till  the  second  year.  Their  tardy  gmiinatioD 
is  owing  to  the  thickness  of  the  shell  of  the  seed,  which  some  cultifators 
break  before  sowing,  though  at  the  risk  of  iiguring  the  seed.  The  P^^ 
which  come  up  should  be  transplanted  into  small  pots,  after  midsummer  oi 
the  same  year,  or,  at  all  events,  not  later  than  Uie  following  spring  ;  and,  for 
two  or  three  years,  they  should  be  kept  during  winter  in  a  frame,  quite  dose 
to  the  ehiss.  The  plants  are  very  tender  for  the  first  two  or  three  years;  but 
in  the  fourth  and  fifth  years  they  will  cr  ' the  open  air,  in  the  climates  of 


Lxxvii.  coni'fera:  pi^nus.  967 

London  and  Paiiii,  without  any  protection.  The  leavei  of  this  speciea,  as 
well  as  of  teveral  otheni,  have  quite  a  different  appearance  for  the  first  two 
years  from  whet  ihey  have  ever  ederwarUs;  they  are  very  glaucous,  ciliated 
on  their  margina,  very  short,  and  very  sharp^Mtinted.  Durinj;  this  periud, 
they  are  single  and  without  aheatha ;  but  afterwurda  they  come  out  in  pain, 
witb  sheatha,  these  pairs  l>eing  what  are  considered  hy  botmiists  as  abortive 
shoots.  The  nursery  treatment  of  the  stone  pine  ia  the  same  as  that  recom- 
mended for  the  pinaster,  with  which  the  tree  is  frequently  confounded ;  tfaia 
species  having  alao  very  long  taproots,  which  render  it  necessarv  to  b«  ex> 
treniely  carelul  in  taking  them  up  for  removal ;  indeed,  they  should  generally 
be  grown  in  pots  ;  and,  when  they  are  turned  out  of  the  pots  to  be  planted 
where  they  are  finally  to  remun,  the  greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  stretch 
out  tbe  roots,  and  to  spread  them  carefully  in  every  direction. 
t  9.  P.  halbfe'nsis  Ait.  The  Aleppo  I^ne. 
'    ~       ~  ~^-i  Laid-  PId..  «d.  ^  1. 1.  T.  j  N.  Du  Hun.,  S.  p.  BS. 

lam.  Art.  «.  p.  IW.  1 F.  DvlUmii  prlni*  Ualiieiaii  PtD  dc 


Avnn'HR.    Lunib.  Pin.,  id.  L,  I.  I.  ^.  (ncliulTii  Dt  tlM  Tin  cona,  vhlch  li  [fail  at  P.  Lwtdo)  i 
tEc  plain  Dfthli  trMln  Arb.Bri(.  liltdtL,  yoI.  iIIL  ;  oatjU.  ins.,  to  our  utuil  Kill ;  aiiiflgt. 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves  in  pairs,  very  slender.  Conea  pynmidal,  rounded 
at  the  base,  turned  downwards,  smooth, 
solitary  or  in  pairs,  stalked.  (Lmt., 
endobs.)  Buds  (see  i^.  1790.)  from 
( in.  to  j  in.  long,  and  from  A-'"'  ^ 
^\n,  brond ;  imbricated,  roundish,  some- 
what pointed,  wholly  without  resin  ; 
and  altogether  Uke  those  of  a  pinaster 


in  miniature.  Cones  (j^.  1768.)  finim 
2i  in.  to  3  in.  in  length ;  and  from  1^  in. 
to  1(  in.  in  breadth  j  invmiably  turned 
downwards,  so  as  to  form  an  acute  angle 
with  the  stem.  Footstalks  of  the  cones 
from  j  in.  to  J  in.  in  length.  Scale  (fig. 
l79I.a)from  IJin.  to  Ijin    ' 


I.  broad.     Seed,  without  the  wing  (c),  from  (in 
A  ■"•  ill  breadth  ;  with  the  wing  (b),  from  I  in.  to    , 
fedons  about  7.    A  low  tree.     Siuth  of  Europe,  Syria,  and  fiurliery,  in  dry 


indy  warm  soils.  Height  SOIi.toSDft.  Introduced  io  lt>83.  It  flowem, 
in  the  cJiniBie  of  London,  about  the  end  of  May  or  the  beginning  of  June, 
and  the  cones  are  ripened  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 

I   P.  A.  8  mimrr.  —  Cones  mther  smaller  than  in  the  species,  but  it  is 
scarcely  worth  keeping  dihtinct.     Honicultuml  Society's  Garden. 
3  a  4 


968 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


1793.    P' 


f  P.  A.  3  marUma.  P.  madtima  Lamb.  Pin.  ed.  8.  t.  6. —  According  to 
Mr.  Lambert's  Ggure,  the  cones  of  this  variety,  in  the  difierent  fonns 
in  which  he  has  given  it,  are  all  larger  than  those  of  the  species.  A 
very  doubtful  variety. 

i  P.  A.  4  genuetuit.  P.  genu^nsis  Cook. —  Does  not  appear,  in  foliage 
and  habit,  different  from  the  species.  The  cone  we  possess  is  3  in. 
long,  and  1 J  in.  in  diameter  at  the  broadest  end,  and  regulariy  pyra^ 
niidal.    The  length  of  the  stalk  b  { in. 

The  leaves  are  of  a  deep  green,  2  or  3  inches  long,  most  commonly  2  in  a 
sheath,  but  sometimes,  though  rarely,  3;  and  they 
are  so  disposed  as  to  form  a  double  spiral  round 
the  brancnes.  They  never  remain  longer  than 
two  years  on  the  tree  ;  in  consequence  of  which 
the  branches  of  old  trees  have  a  naked  appear- 
ance, and  the  head  looks  open,  straggling,  and 
thin.  The  male  catkins  are  reddish,  nt>m  |^in. 
to  -ffin.  in  length,  on  short  pedicels,  disposed 
in  branches  of  30  or  40  together.  The  crest  is 
larse,  proportionably  to  the  site  of  the  anthers, 
and  is  rounded.  The  female  catkins  are  not, 
as  is  usual,  placed  at  the  extremity  of  the  shoot 
of  the  year,  but  come  out  at  the  side  of  the  shoot, 
and  towards  the  middle  of  it ;  the^  point  outwards 
during  their  flowering,  and  are  of  a  greenish  hue, 
slightly  tinged  with  red.  The  cones  have  very 
strong  peduncles  of  half  an  inch  or  more  in  length  ; 
and,  as  they  advance  in  size,  they  take  a  direction 
almost  perpendicularly  downwards.  The  tree 
grows  rapidly  when  young,  acquiring  the  height 
of  15  or  20  feet  in  ten  years. 

f   10.  P.  bru'ttia  Ten.    The  Calabrian  Pine. 

Identification.    Ten.  Fl.  Nap.  Prod ,  p.  69. ;  Sjmopt.,  ed.  alt.,  p.  6fi. ;  Link  Abhand..  I^.  M^ 
Svnomyme*.    P.  congloineriLta  Gra^fer  PI.  Exsttc.,  wt  quoted  by  Lambert :  Kalabriache  Kierer,  urr. 
Bngravingf,    Lamb.  Pin.,  vol  8.  t.  82. ;  and  omjlgf.  179K.  and  1796,  from  Lambert,  and  from* 
young  tree  In  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  cent  there  by  Mr.  Lambert 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  pairs,  very  long,  slender,  wavy.  Cones 
sessile,  crowded,  ovate,  smooth.  Scales  truncate  at  the  apex, 
flattish,  umbilicate  (Lamb.)  Buds  (see  ^.  1794.)  f  m.  long, 
and  I  in.  broad;  ovate,  pointed,  whitish,  and  wholly  without 
resin ;  centre  bud  surrounded  by  three  smaller  buds.  Leaves 
from  3^  in.  to  4  in.  long  on  the  3^oung  plant  in  the  Horticultural 
Society^ s  Garden  ;  but  above  6  in.  long  in  Mr.  Lambert's  figure. 
Sheaths,  in  both,  less  than  ^  in.  in  lengUi.  According  to  Link,  a 
lofly  tree,  vying  with  P.  Laricio.  Calabria,  on  mountains, 
4000  ft.  to  5000  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Height  70  ft.  to 
80  ft.  sometimes  100  ft.     Introduced  in  1836. 

Leaves  in  twos,  rarely  in  threes,  very  long,  slender,  glabrous,  wavy,  spread- 
ing, about  9  in.  long ;  light  green,  canahculate  above,  convex  beneath,  sermlste 
on  the  margin,  terminated  by  a  small  conical  callous  mucro ;  sheaths  about 
4  in.  long,  persistent,  of  an  ash-brown  colour,  membranaceous,  entire  mana 
the  tops,  guarded  at  bottom  with  a  linear-lanceolate,  revolute,  bright  brown, 
thread-like,  ciliated  scale  (metamorphosed  leaf  ^.  Cones  sessile,  generslly^ 
clusters,  ovate,  smooth,  brownish,  2  in.  to  3  in.  long.  Cones  truncate  af  "*® 
apex,  flattish,  trapezoidal,  umbilicate,  smooth,  obsoletely  4-angled ;  umbilicus 
dilated,  depressed,  somewhat  hollow,  ash-coloured.  (D.  Don.)  This  ^P^^ 
is  nearly  related  to  P.  h.  maritima ,  but  it  is  readily  distinguished  both  fro"* 
it  and  P.  halepensis  by  its  very  long  wavy  leaves,  and  by  its  shorter,  sessile, 
clustered  cones,  with  the  scales  depressed  and  slightly  concave  at  their  apex* 


J79I. 


LXXVIt.    CONIFERS :    PI  NUS. 


The  leaves  resemble  those  of  P.  Laricio ;  but  they  are  more  slender,  and 
rather  longer ;  and  both  species  differ  essentiallj'  in  their  cones.  Sprengel 
has  referred  it  to  F.  /^caster,  not  even  allowing  it 
the  rank  of  a  variety;  but,  according  to  I^mb^'s 
le  leaves  in  P.  Pinlster  are  tvice  as 


stout,  straight,  and  rigid,  and  disposed  in  interrupteit  verticcis ;  and  the  cones 
are  double  the  size,  with  the  sciilea  elevated  and  angular.  The  tree  of  P. 
bruttia  is  said  to  attain  a  considerable  aiie,  and  to  yield  timber  of  excellent 
quality.  {Ltmb.  Pin.)     H.  8. 

fi,  Naiieet  of  Norlh  America. 
I  11,  P.  B/mKslJ^KA  Latnh.     Baaks'a,  orihe  Labrador,  Pine. 

I  Hua.,  I.  p.  KM.;  Furih  FI.  Amir.  SqiCl. 
:  a,  p.  K6.  I  F.  mpfttrit  itic 

Yfw^.C^,iaJa.~~ "~  '"         -    ---    '       "■  "•     "» 

Enfrartuft.    l.miiih.Pln.,  Hl.9..].  LS.)  Uchi.  N.  Anur.  8;]^ >- <- IK. ;  oa 

^3ec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  in   purs,  divaricated,   ublique.      Cones  q 
recurved,  twisted.     Crest  of  the  anthers  dilated.  {Smith.) 
Jin.  long,  ^in.  broad,'  cyliadrical,  blunt  at  the  point,  whitish, 
and  covered  with  resin  in  large  particles ;  cential  bud  smrouoiled 
by  from  three  to  five  smaller  buds,  as  shown  in^.  1797.    Leaves 

See  fig.  1798.)  from  1  in.  to  \^  in.  in  length,  including  the 
eath,  which  is  short,  and  has  three  or  four  rings.  Cones  ftom 
■  gin.  to  Sin,  long.  Leaves  and  cones  retained  on  the  tree 
three  or  four  ^ears.     Scales  terminating  in  a  roundish  protuber- 


970  ARSORETUU    ET   PHUTICBTUM    BRITANNICUM. 

aoce,  witli  »  blunt  point.  Seeds  extremdy  imall.  A  low,  scrubby,  Mtg- 
^ing  tree.  Hudson's  Bft;,  and  fiutber  aonh  than  an;  other  Aiaaiaa 
pine,  wbere  it  grows  BmoogbBrreu  rocka.  Height,  in  America,  5 ft.  ta 8 &i 
at  Dnqnnora  scd  White  Kni^ta,  IS  ft.  to  30  tt.  Introduced  in  I7SS. 
Flowers  fdlowidi ;  Hay,  (kuiei  ripe  in  the  November  oTtbe  secoDdjtv. 
The  catkins  of  iwth  leieB  are  expanded  in  Hay,  before  those  oC  P.sji- 
T^stris  i  but,  as  in  that  species,  the  cones  do  not  attun  their  full  aie  lod 
maturh;  till  the  November  of  the  second  year,  and  do  not  open  to  died  tbw 


seeds  tin  the  spring  of  the  third  year.  The  cones  are  commonly  in  pui%a 
a  grey  or  ash  colour  (whence  the  American  name  of  grey  [jine'l ;  the;  «« 
above  2  in.  long,  and  hive  the  peculiarity  of  always  pointing  in  the  same  A- 
rection  as  the  branches.  They  are  remarkable  for  curring  to  one  aide,  «l<i^ 
gives  them  the  appearance  of  small  horns.  They  are  extreirdy  l^"^'^ 
often  remain  on  the  trees  several  years.  Plants  are  raised  from  imported 
seeds,  when  these  can  be  procured;  but  the  spedes  tnay  be  inardied,  <X 
grafted  in  the  herbaceous  manner,  on  F.  sylv^atris. 

t   18.  P.  i'hdps  Ail.     The  Jenty,  or  poor,  Pine^ 

Idtmli/lcmt^it.    A<[.IlaK.Kaw,.«d.l,.S.p.M7,ad.l,S.p.ai&lIlkbI.  N.  Amw.  Sjl.l-P'I'*-' 

^ihihih;    >.  XglDliu  D»  Koi  fl«M.  «d.  Pott «.  p.  4T.  1  Pin  AMU,  Fr.  .  ,„. 

IwKri^m^.    Lamfi.  FlD.,  •«.«.,  1. 1.  ll.j  N.  Du  Hwn.,  t.  C*. V.  1. 1  Hlchii.  N.  Anec.  St'->  ■■  "!i: 
™rjV'lWl-(a  our  uKul  lata,  mnd /^i.  1000.  ud  Ism.  of  Uw  uninl  ilH,  ill  fton  PKf" 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  In  pairs.     Cones  drooping  abloi^-conical,  k^^ 
than  the  leaves.     The  scalea  awl-abaped,  with  prominent  prickles-    Cre» 
of  the  anthers  shorl,  broad,  jagged.  Bud(j^.  I800.)from  }  in.  to  1  in- 1'>4 
and  ^  in.  broad  ;  cylindrical,  blunt  Bt  the  point,  resinous,  brown,  and 
surrounded  by  three  small  buds.     Cone  (  &.  1808.)  from  Sjia.to   J 
3}  in.  long,  and  from  1  in.  to  1(  in.  broad.     Some  of  those  at  Drop-  I 
more  are  of  the  last  dimeonons.     Scalea  of  a  hard  woody  texture,  J 
of  a  yellowish  hrown  colour,  with  a  sharp  woody  prickle  prqjectiDg  1 
6-om  each,  which  is  generally  atraight.     Leaves  fnjm  1}  in.  to  Sj  " 
lung.     Sheaths  with  3  or  4  rings.      Seeds  amsll,  cotyledtHia  6  U 
Toung  shoota  covered  with  a  fine   purplish  glaucous   bloom, 
tortuous-lnvnched  low  tree,  having,  at  a  ijjstance,  the  ^eral  appes'- 
ance  of  F.  BankstJna ;  but  differing  from  that  spedes  in  having  many    i 
of  the  more  slender  branches  pendulous,  and  the  wood  of  the  shooU   ^^ 
of  the  current  year  conspicuously  Raucous  and  tinged  with  videC 
New  Jeraey  to  Carolina,  on  dry  barren  soila.  Height  in  America,  Wit.  to 
40  ft. ;  at  Dropmore  and  Pain's  Hill,  40  ft.  to  50  ft.     Introduced  in  1139- 


LXXTII.   COHI  F 

Flowen  in  Bfay,  and  the  cones 
ore  matured  in  NoTcmber  of  tbe 
Mcond  year. 


The  Tiolet  colour  of  the  ahoou  ia  peculiar  to  this  apeciea  and  to  P.  mttis, 
among  the  2- and  &-1eaved  pinea,  but  it  occun  in  the  4-1e>ived  pinea,  in  P, 
Stbmima  and  P.  Colilteri.  llie  buds  are  resinous;  and  thU  matter  rer^ 
readily  exudes,  and  iacnuts  tbe  sur&ce  of  the  sections  wherever  a  branch  is 
cut  off.  At  DropiDore,  in  warm  weather  during  sunshine,  the  fragrance  of 
the  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of  this  tree  is  delight- 
riilly  balsamic. 


avr.irr 

IHa.  init  ISH.  B 

Sp€c.  Char.,  ijc.  Leayea  short,  and  thicklv  set. 
Conei  top-shaped,  tctj  targe,  yellow.  Scales 
with  hard  Incurved  prickles,  thick,  and 
broad  at  tbe  base.  (Mkkr.)  Bud  (j^. 
1803.)  from  1  in.  to  Jiu.  long,  and  1  in. 
broad ;  cyUndrical,  blunt  at  the  point ; 
brownish,  and  covered  with  white  resin ; 
Kenerally  without  small  buds.  Leaves 
(M.  IBOa.)  2\  in.  long,  including  the 
sheath,  which  has  4  or  5  rings;  the 
leaves  are  much  broader,  and  rather 
shorter  and  lighter,  than  those  of  P. 
iKO.  {».)  pumtlio,  and  tipped  with  a  sharp 
point.  Cone  31  in.  lon^,  and  about 
21  in.  broad.  Scale  woodv,  and  furnished  with  a 
strong Bwl-shapeJ  hook, exceeding^in.in length. 
Seeds  nenrly  us  large  as  those  of  P.  sylvestris, 
rough   and  black.      Cotyledons  from   6   to  8 


ARBonETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITAMNICUH. 


A  tree,  with  tbe  habit  of  P.  tyhialiii,  but  with  a  much  more  brandiy 
head.  North  Carolina,  on  bid)  mountains.  HdgfatWft.  to  50  ft.  Intro* 
duced  in  \BM.  Flowert  in  Stay,  and  tbe  cones  are  ripened  in  Novembtr 
of  tbe  second  year. 

Readily  distinguished  from  P.  aylT^stris  by  tbe  young  leaves  not  being 
glaucous,  and  by  the  leaves  eenerally  being  more  strai^t  and  rigid,  slightly 
serrated  at  the  marranB,  snii  with  shorter  sheaths.  The  leaves  are  also 
of  a  paler  green,  boui  when  young  and  full  grown ;  so  that  the  tree,  when 
of  lal^  size,  has  nothing  of  the  gloomy  appearance  attributed  to  the  Scotch 
pine.  The  cones  are  of  a  light  yellowiah  brown  colour,  without  footstalks ; 
and  they  are  generally  in  whorls  of  3  or  4  together,  pointing  horizontally,  and 
remaining  on  the  tree  for  many  years.  At  Dropmore,  there  sre  cooes  adher- 
ing to  the  trunk  and  larger  branches  of  more  than  SO  years'  gronrth,  giving  the 
tree  a  very  singular  afipearance  ;  and  rendering  its  trunk  easSy  distinguishable, 
even  at  a  distance,  from  those  of  all  others  of  the  [une  tribe. 

t    14.  P.  REsiNo'sA  Ail.     The  resinous,  or  red.  Pine. 

^ Pnrih  Fl.  AoMt.  SaL %r. HI. 

d.l,  1.  1.  la^Uicbi.  N.  Anwr.  atL.l. 

JiklD  (m)  of  (ht  utunl  iIh.  ud  jbh  IB . 

•III!,  ill  (ram  Dropmon  ud  Whlu  Koighu  ipedmiu. 

^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Bark  red.  Leaves  in  purs,  4>  or  A  indies  long.  Cooes  of 
a  reddish  brown,  ovate-conical,  rounded  at  the  base,  and  balf  the  lengtJi  of 
the  leaves;  tceles  dibted  in  the  middle,  and  unarmed.  (Mkkc.)    Buds 


Lxxvti.  coki'febs:  pi'nus. 

(JSg.  1806.),  in  the  White  Knights  Bpcciuien,  1 J  in.  long,  and  .^in, 
brued  ;  ovate,  acuminate,  concave  on  the  sides,  with  a  Jong  point, 
as  in  P-  Larfdo  i  but  roldish  brown,  anil  lery  resinous.     Leaves   J 
(J!g.  1807.)  from  5  in.  to  6  in.  long,  etraight,  stiff,  and  yellot 
the  tip;  ^eath  &om  \  in.  to   1  in.  king,  white,  lacerated,  and 
coming  short  and  dark  with  age.     Cone  Sin.  long,  and  l}'"-  tiroad, 
conical,  brownish  red,  sea»le,  or  with  very  short Tootstolks ;    ' 


ales  1  in.  long,  and  }  in.  broad.     Seeds  small ;  with  the  wings  ] 

long.  The  leaves  are  thickly  set,  and  inclined  towards  the  shoot, 
and  much  liditer  and  more  glaucous  than  in  P.  Lartcio  and  '*"  — ■  ' 
rieties,  in  which  the  foliE«e  is  of  a  darker  green  than  it  is  , 

other  species  of  Pinua.     The  shoots  are  much   more  naked,  the  fl 
whole    tree  is   more  open   and  lighter,   and  the  large  and  small  jH 
branches  are  strw^ter  and  more  distant,  than  in  P.  Laricio  i  the  ^^ 
plant  is  also  of  much   less  vigorous  growth   in  British   gardens. 
A  large  tree.     Canada,  near  Lake  St.  John,  and  also  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
at  Lake  Superior;  in  dry  sandy  soils.     Height,  in  America,  60ft,  to  70ft,; 
in  England,  80  ft.  to  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1756.     It  flowers  in  May,  and 
the  cones  are  ripened  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 


The  foliage  and  the  cones,  and  even  the  tree  altogether,  bear  a  close  general 
resemblance  to  P.  Larfeio  ;  but  the  diflferent  form  and  colour  of  the  scales, 
the  lighter  tinge  of  the  foliage,  and,  aliove  all,  the  much  more  delicate  consti- 
tution of  the  tree,  appear  suflicient  to  justify  us  in  retaining  it  as  a  distinct 
species.  We  are  certain  that  the  trees  at  White  Knights  are  the  true  P. 
rubra  of  Michaui ;  because  they  were  rmsed  by  Messrs.  Loddiges  from  seeds 
of  P.  rithra,  sent  to  them  by  Bartrun  of  Philardelphia.  We  have  also,  since 
the  above  was  written,  received  cones  and  leaves  from  Mr.  M'Nab,  jun.t 
which  were  gathered  by  him  in  Upper  Canada,  in  August,  1834,  from  trees 
which  bad  been  blown  down,  and  which  measured  upwards  of  TO  ft.  in  length. 


ARBORETUM    FT   FRUTICETUM    BHITANNICUM, 

9  Aftchx.     The  tott-Uaard,  or  ydloa.  Pine. 


Spec  Char   ^.     Leaves  long,  slender ;  hollowed  on  the  upper  surface.  Conc» 
email,  ovate-conical.     8ci^  with  th«r  outer  surikce  sli^tly  proonnent,  wid 


terminating  in  a  very  small  iienaer  mucro, 
pointing  outwards.  (MicAj.)  Buds,  on  a 
young  tree  {Jig.  1909.).  -ffin,  long, 
and  -^in.  broad;  on  an  old  tree, 
larger  (&,  IBIO.)  i  icarcely  resinous. 
Leaves  {fig.  1811.  from  Michaux) 
\  tnm  S|  in.  to  4  in.  long,  with  sheaths 
I  *  in,  long;  white,  lacerated,  afterwards 
[  becoming  dark,  fllightly  ringed.  Cone 
1.  long,  and  1  in.  broiid  in  the  widest 
I  part.  Seeds  smulli  with  the  wing, 
"  "      long.      Young   shoots   covered 

,___   BvMet-Goloured  glaucous  btooni, 

like  those  of  P.  loops,  by  which  it  is 
readily  distinguished  from  tbe  P.  variibilis 
of  Lambert  A  beautiful  tree,  much  valued 
in  America  for  its  timber.  New  Eng- 
land to  Geoi^gia,  in  most  pine  forests,  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  Height 
50  ft.  to  CO  fL  in  America,  and  also  in  Eng- 
land ;  with  a  trunk  of  the  uniform  diameter  of  15  or  18  inches,  for  neariy 
two  thirds  of  its  length.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  in  May,  and  its 
cones  are  ripened  in  November  of  the  second  year. 

The  branches  are  spreading  on  the  lower  part  of  the  trunk,  but  become  less 
divergoit  as  they  approach  the  head  of  the  tree,  where  theyare  bent  towards  the 
bodysoasloforma  summit  r^ularly  pyramidal; 
but  not  spacious  in  proportion  to  thedimensionB 
of  the  trunk.  This  narrow  conical  appeanuice 
of  the  head,  as  compared  with  the  sj  '~  " 
character  of  those  of  other  ape 
have  given  rise  to  t 
name  of  spruce  pine  in 
America.  The  leaves, 
according  to  Micbaux, 
are  4  or  A  inches  long, 
I  fine  and  flexible,  hol- 
lowed on  the  upper 
Burrace,  of  a  daik  green, 
and  united  in  paint. 
Sometimes,  from  luxu- 
riancy  of  vegetation, 
three  leaves  are  found 
in  the  same  sheaI^  on 
young  shoots,  but  never 
n  old  branches.  The 
*.  variabilis  of  Lam- 
ert's  Piniu,  which  is 
lade  a  synonyme  of 
liis  species  by  Pursh, 
I  unquestionably  a  to- 
tallydi&rent  plant  from 


f  other  qiecies,  st 


LXXVII.    CONt'FERK  :    Jn'NUS.  975 

the  p.  mhis  of  Hicbaux ;  bdng  without  the 
violet-coloured  glaucous  bloom  on  the  young 
shoots  I  having  rigid  leaves,  genentlljr  in  threes ; 
and  B  cone  with  very  strong  prickles,  like  that  of 
P.  Tte'da,  to  which  species  we  have  referred  it. 
The  only  plants  that  we  know  which  answer  to 
Michauxs  description  of  P.  mltis  are  at  Drop* 
more,  where  they  are  readily  known  by  the  violet- 
coloured  glaucous  bloom  on  the  young  uhoots,  ~ 
and  by  the  leaves  being  almost  all  in  twos  j  at  ~ 
the  same  time,  it  is  proper  to  mention  that  the 
leaves  there,  though  soil  and  slender,  are  much 
shorter  than   those  in   Michaui's   figure.      The 

-    jmo-uP. 

t  Dropmore 
.  .  wholly  with   three 

leaves;   and,  as  far   at   we   can   BBCertain    (the  na.  r.^iot 

tree   not   having   yet   home    cones),   it   belongs 

cither  to  P,  seritina,  or  to  some  variety  or  it.  The  description  given 
by  Miller  of  P.  echinSta,  as  having  finely  elongated  leaves,  and  a  cone  with 
very  slight  slender  prickles,  agrees  perfectly  well  with  this  species,  as  described 
by  Michaui ;  and  not  atallwith  Mr.  Lambert's  P.  variabilis,  which  hede- 
scribes  as  having  leaves  only  8  in.  lon^,  and  cones  with  scales  having  "  thorny 
points  of  a  strong  woody  texture  prcgecting  from  them." 

S   16.  P.  conto'rta  Dtmglat.     The  tvnsted-branchtd  Pine. 
Buds  roundish,  with  a  blunt  point,  covered  with  resin,  and  brown.  Leaves 
8  in  a  sheath,  i  in.  long  ;  sheath  very  short,  imbricated,  black.     Cones  boai 
1.  to  S|io.  long;  and  from  ]  in.  to  1  in,  bread  ;  scales  with  the  apices  having 
a  depressed  lateral  rib,  termi- 
nating  in  a  blunt  point,  fur- 
nished with  a  caducous  mucro. 
The  shoots  are  regularly  and 
closely  covered  with  leaves, 
much  in  the  same  mnnner  i 
those  of  P,  (s  )  pomllio,  1 
which  the  specimen  sent  home   i 
^  by  Douglas,  in  the  Horticul-  I 
I  tural     Society's     herbarium,  f 
P  bears  a  general  resemblance,  I 
'   This    pme    was     found     by  I 
DougUs  in  North-west  Ame-  I 
rica,  on  swampy  ground  near  \ 
the   sea   coast ;    and,   abun- 
laii.  r.tmata.  dontly,    near    Cope     Diaap- 

pointtnent  and  Cape  Lookout. 
Fig.  1814.  to  our  lutial  scale,  and  Jig.  1815.  of  the  natural  nze,  are  from 
the  spedmens  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  herbarium. 

S  17.  P.  TOKBiHATA  Bote.  The  Top-shaped-coneii  Pine. 
Leaves  S  in  a  sbeatb,  slightly  glaucous,  scarcely  I  iu.  long.  The  buds 
are  very  small,  reddish,  fringed,  and  not  resinous.  The  cones  are  in  whorb 
from  8  to  5  together,  sharply  pointed,  longer  than  the  leaves,  with  the  scales 
almoat  square,  and  not  pyramidal.  Bosc  thinks  that  it  is  probably  a  native 
of  North  America  ;  but  his  description  is  taken  from  a  tree  in  the  garden  of 
the  Petit  Trianon,  about  40  fL  hixl),  the  only  one  be  had  seen.  He  adds  that 
its  general  appearance  resembles  uiat  of  P.  mitis  ;  but  it  differs  in  its  leaves 
being  much  snorter,  antl  its  cones  being  without  spines. 


976  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM 

$  iL    Temdta.  —  Leavet  3  in  a  Sheath. 

A.  yativet  o/IforA  America. 

t   18.  P.  Tx^DA  L,     He  PrankbceQBe,  or  LobloUy,  Pine. 

Untllflcalln.    Lin.  Sp.n.,  14l».  ;    Ukhl.  N.  Anur.  BtUI-ii.  IM.  i  Potih  Sao(..l.  |i.GM, 
Sfttamfima.    P.  Rllli  Umll  Gnw    rfr*.  IB*.  ,  P.  lirifnlin*  UmulAlii  trtpUU  PImk.  Aim.  W. : 
Wbtu  Flat.  alFrltnitirg  ai^  Richjuomit,  In  rirgtmSa,  OldSrid  fiat.Amrr,;  Phi  da  I'KncnB. 

EwrwAin.  LuBb.  FId.,  ed.1.,1.  t.  l&i  Nlchx.  N,  Amcr.  Srl.t.  lU,  ;  tbe  vials  of  thliDnk 
KAi.iRt..  lilnUL,  ml.  tm.iourj^.  IsiR.  to  «i  <ihu]  •olc;  indj^.  iW  toiai&otlki 
DUunl  liie,  rram  Uh  Hortleulninl  SncMf.  Dropnicin,  ud  Sfon  tpadiKiu. 

iS^wc.  CW,  4'r.  I^eavea  in  threes,  elongated.  Cones  often  in  pairs,  dioner 
than  the  leaves  {  oblong, 
pyramidal,  somewhat  trun- 
cate at  the  apex  ;  scales 
with  sharp  prickles,  turned 
imrarda.  Great  of  the 
anthers   rounded.      Buds, 

on    young   trees 

{see  /(f.  1916.), 
J  \  inch  long,  and 

\   inch  broad  ; 

pointed,       with 

straight     sides ; 

brownish       red, 

vei«d  with  resin 

thsn    any  other 

Bpecies,     except 

Pin.  Banluiana. 
ID  the  fiiU-grown 
tree  at  Syon  ea  in  Jig. 
1818.  Leaves  (see  ^. 
18 17.)  fi-oro  5}  in.  to  5}  in. 
long,  rieid,  bluntly  pointed, 
channeled  in  the  middle, 
with  sheaths  Irom  Jin.  to 
1  in.  long ;  brown,  and 
faintly  rineed.  Cones  S^nt. 
to  4}  in.  long,  and  miin 
l}in.  to  Sin. brood;  scales 
Uin.  long.  Seed  snial]; 
with  the  wing,  lA-in.  long. 
A  liu^  tree.  Florida  to 
^Trginia,  in  ba 
(uBiions,  Hi 
to  80  ft.  Introduced  Id 
1713.  In  the  climate  of 
London,  the  tree  flowers 
in  May,  but  in  Carolina  it 
flowers  in  April ;  and  the 
cones  ripen  in  the  August 
of  the  second  year. 

f  P.  T.  2  9Umecar'6idca  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  2.,  v.  p.  31 7.  The  Fox- 
tul  Frankincense  Pine.  —  Said  to  have  the  leaves  spreading,  snd 
more  s^uarrose  than  the  !:pecies.  Ptu^h  is  of  opinion  that  this 
variety  is  nothing  more  than  the  P.  scr^tina  of  Micnaux  ;  but  Lam- 
bert thinks  it  a  variety  of  F.  rtpda. 


LXXVII.    COm'FERX.:    Pi'N«6. 

The  leaves  arc  broad,  pointed,  flat  on  (he 
upper  surfece,  and  fomiiag  a  ridge  below  ; 
of  a   fine   ligbt  green,   with   a   iheath  long 
and  i^itiah  at  first,  but  becoming  short,  thick, 
and  brown  when  old.     The  cones  are  about 
4  in.    in    length  ; 
and  the  scales  ter- 
minate    in     pro- 
cesses  which  have 
the    fonn    of   an 
elongated      pyre- 


l"" 


the  manner  of  P. 
:  i^D&ster;  but  the 
I   apex  of  the  pyra- 

Ia  thick  and  sharp 
prickle,  somewhat 
in  the  manner  of 
P.  pAngens,  and 
turned  upwards. 
In  England,  in  the 
climate    of    I,on- 

I  don,  PInus  TWda  ^^^ 

grows  vigorotisly ;  ,,|^  p.r.\u. 

there  being   huge 
trees  at  Syon  and  at   Kew,  which,  aAer  being  60  years  planted,  produc 
^oots  of  ^m  9  in.  to  I  It.  every  year,  and  ripen  cones. 

1   19.  P.  Bi'oiD*  AftU.     The  rigid,  or  PUch,  Pine. 

/AlU£««WM.    MilLD!<:t.,No.lO.;  Mlch».  N.  Anm.  Syl.,  ».  p.  IML  i  Pnnh  S«p«..  In.  6M. 
^/mamtri.    f.  7^'dm  rlgidi  S  All,  Horl.  Kru.  3.  p.  Kg.  i  P.  oudiDllt  umOll  Dw  Bam.  Arb. : 
a  lA.  ;  ?  F.  T*-iU  ■  Pair.  bid.  B,  p.  MO.  i  T  Ibno.liiaTed  VirjlnUn  PIm,  Sip  Bm,  bluk  Pin. 
Ho  Mrlai.  Plo  nit,  Fr.  ,  ^-^—r    ■'~, 

wb.  PJB,,  ti.  ».,  I.  t  I&  IT,  I  Utehi.  N.  Amar.  S>1,.  ml.  t.  t.  IM. ;  the  pkM  ( 
t.  Kill..  Tol.  Till,  i  aiiiAi,  ISV.  la  our  until  Idle ;  ud  JIfi.  Isil .  t 


^lee,  Char^  ^.  Leares  in  threes.  Cones  orate-oblon^  in  threes  or  foun, 
much  shorter  than  the  leaves;  their  scales  terminated  by  a  rough  thorny 
point.     Hale  catkins  elongated,  with  the  crest  of  the  anthers  dHated,  and 


97d  ARBORETUM    ET    FRimCGTUM    BRITAKNICUH. 

^       roundUh.    Buds,  on  joaag  trees  (aesjig.  1881.),  from  (ill.  to  fin. 

^k,    long,  -^  In.  broad,  pointed,  brawn,  and  covered  with  renni  on  the 

Sk    full-grown  trees   at  DrmnuMv   a>  in  JSg.   1692.      Lekves  (tee  Jtg. 

W  1823.)  rrom  Sim.  to  4^ ID.  toi^;  sheath  (in.  long,  white  at  firit. 
H  and  afterwarda  becomins  darker,  but  icarcely  black.  Cones  from 
M  24 in.  to  3in.  lon^  and  from  l^in.  to  Itin.  broad;  scales  l^in. 
A  long,  terminating  in  depressed  quadrilateral  pyramide,  ending  in  a 
H  prickle,  pointing  outwards.  Seed  little  more  than  i  in.  long ;  but, 
D  with  the  wing,  from  fin.  Co  Jin.  long.  Cotjledons,  f.  A  large  tree. 
B  New  England  to  Virginia  ;  in  light,  friable,  and  sandy  soils.  Height 
■■  70  ft.  to  80  ft.  Introduced  in  1750.  It  flowers  in  May,  and  the 
cones  are  produced  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year. 
Variety.     According  to  Mr.  Lambert,  P.  T.  alopecuroidea  Ail.  is  a  variety 

of  P.  itgido,  diaracterised  by  its  much  shoKer  and  stouter  leares,  and  its 

orat^oblone,  much  narrower,  and  aggregated  coiws,  (Ziomi.  Pn.,  ed.  2., 

no.  17.)     Wo  have,  however, 

placed  it  under  P.  serdtina. 


cording  to  soil  and  situation, 
irom  18  or  15  leet  to  70  or  80 
feet  in  hei^L  "  The  buds  ar« 
always  resinous  i  and  its  triple 
leaves  vary  in  length  from  1^  in. 
to  7  in,  according  to  the  d 
of  moisture  in  the  soil. 


male  catkins  are  1  in.  long, 
atrai^t,  and  winged,  like  those 
of  the  pond  pine  {P.  ser6lina). 
The  size  of  the  cones  depen<h 
on  the  nature  of  the  soi^  and 
varies  Tram  less  than  I  in.  to 
more  than  3  in.  in  length  ;  they 
are  of  a  pynunidal  shape,  and 
each  scale  is  pointed  wilfa  an  acut 

these  trees  grow  in  masses,  the  co_.__ ^ 

and  they  shed  their  seeds  the  first  auiunin  a 


iLunh,  Pfn.,  I 


Lxxvii.  coNi'FEaiE:  pi'kus.  970 

solitary  trees,  the  cones  are  collected  in  groupi  of  four,  five,  or  even  a  lareer 
nunib«',  and  will  remun  on  tha  trees  closed  for  several  years.  In  Britub 
gardens,  the  tree  U  of  as  rapid  growth  as  P.  Tte'da  or  P.  pbogme. 

f  BO.  P.  (B.)  Fba'see/  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  Fiaser's  Rne. 
There  is  a  tree  bearine  this  name  in  the  Hackney  arboretum,  which,  in 
1840,  was  upwards  of  13  ft.  high,  with  3  leaves  in  a  aheath,  and  pendulous 
bnuiches  reaching  to  the  ground.  The  leaves  and  young  shoots  have  every 
appearance  of  those  of  P.  rigida ;  and,  though  the  tree  has  not  yet  borne  conea, 
we  have  litde  doubt  of  its  beloneing  to  that  species.  The  plant  was  received 
from  the  liverpool  Botanic  Garden  in  1S!0. 

J  81.  P.  (a.)  sbbo'tina  Jifidti.     The  late,  or  Pond,  Hne. 

hi.  n.  Anwr.  Bor,  1.  p.  M6, 1  N.  Aimr.  Si^.S.  p.I4S.(  Pnnh  Sept.,  1.  p,  GO. 
.—».—.».-   .  «  .  .  M^dm  alopacafDidA  AU-  Horl.  Kev.  cd.  3.,  A.  p- BLZ. 
AwrBP«U(.     Mlchi,  N.  Amw.  Srt.,  1.  LHI;Lj    ■    —  ■'    ■     ■ 

In  ArbT^ril.,  It  edit..  roU  .u£i  our  Vj™- 

,,  ^.     Leaves  in  threes,  very  long, 
icumbent.     Cooes  ovate  ;  scales  havti  _ 
uicros.     Buds,  on  younR  trees  (see  j^.  1824^^,  from 
^in.  to  -A'"-  *■>  lengto,  and  from  -ft in.  to  I'm. 
'  in  breadth ;  conical,  dark  brown,  and  very  resiaous ;  • 
buds  oD  old  trees  as  in  Jig,  18S5.     Leaves   (see  J!g.  1 
18E7.),  in  the   Dropmore  spedmens,   from  4in.   to  I 
I    6in.long;  in  Michaui's  figure, upwards  of  8 in.  long.  1 
Cones  S} or  3  inches  long,  and  1 J  or  8  inches  broad; 
Mg-shaped  ;  scales  {in.  long,  and  fin.  broad,  with 
the  apex   depressed,  and   terminating  in   a   slender 
prickle.     Seed  very  small ;  with  the  wing,  from  }  in. 
^^^    to  i  in.  in  length.     Cotyledons,  7.     The  cones  and 
leaves  of  the  trees  of  t&is  name  at  Dropmore,  and 
the  circumstance  of  there  being  trees  at  Ptun's  Hill  with 
cones  of  different  sixes  and  shapes,  but  all  on  three-leaved 
lines,  and  all  evidently  of  the  Tte'da  family,  induce  us  to 
ilicve  that  F,  rigida  and  P,  serddna   are  only  difibrent   ■. 
of  the  same  species.     A  middle.«ized   tree.      New 

Jersey  to  Carolina,  ou  the  edges  of  ponds,  and 
b  swamps.    Height  30  ft  to  40  ft.    Introduced 
in  ITIS.     It  flowera  in  Har,  and  the  cones  are 
ripened  in  the  autumn  of  the  second  year,  but 
do  not  shed  thtir  seeds  till  the  third  or  fourth 
year,  whence  the  spcM:ific  name, 
llie  tree  has  a  branchy  trunk,  from  IS  in.  to 
18  in.   in    diameter,  and   in    America    it    rarely 
exceeds  from   35  ft  to  40  f^.   in   hdght.      The 
timber    consists    chiefly   of   sap   wood,   and    is 
of  very  lit^e  use  excq>t  for  fiieL     Tie  lesves 
are  generally   5  or  6   indies   long,   and   some- 
times   more.      The   male    catkins    are   strai^t, 
'  and  about  \  in.  long.     The  cones  are  commonly 
in  pairs,  and  opposite  to  each  other ;  they  are 
about  !|  in.  long,  nearly  Sin.  in  diameter,  and 
^g^haped  ;  the  scales  are  rounded  at  thdr  ex- 
tremities,  and    armed   with   fine   short   prickles, 
which  are  easily  broken  off,  so  that  in  some  cases 
no  vestiges  are  lefl  of  their  existence.       This, 
like  the  other  kinds  of  P.  7^'da,  forms  an  inte- 
resting addition  to  the  pinetum,  growing  freely 
lEK   F  wMUnt  "t  Sjon,  Palo's  Hill,  and  Dropmore. 


Cel 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICSTUM   BRITANNICUM. 


P.  vari&hiKi  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  9.,  1. 1.  14.;  and  our^.  18£e.  of  the  naluni 
Nze,  from  Lainbert'N  plate. — Mr.  Lambert  deacribes  this  pine  oa  hcring  tbe 
leaves  in  twos  and  threes,  2  in.  long,  channeled,  the  margins  and  nerves  roogh, 
and  the  apexea  sub-keelahaped ;  the  sheatha  short,  stnught,  and  but  little 
wrinkled.  The  conea  solitary,  recurved,  pendulous,  narroir-ovBte,  muriate ; 
apinea  subincurved,  with  the  ecalca  dilated  in  the  middle.  He  has  only  seea 
two  trees  of  this  species  in  England ;  one  at  Pain's  Hill,  and  the  otntf  *> 
Kew.  {Lamb.)  The  one  at  Kew  no  longer  exisU;  and  the  only  tiees  at 
Pain's  Hill,  that  we  could  see,  with  conea  resem- 
bling those  in  Mr.  Lambert's  plate,  had  three  leaves, 
and  appeared  to  us  to  belong  to  P.  7^'da.  The 
buds  in  Mr.  Lambert's  figure  appear  to  be  rednous, 
and  are  nearly  smooth  {teefig.  1B29.),  but  those  of 
P.  varifcbilia  at  Dropmore,  which  we  feel  confident  is 
the  P.  mlcis  of  Michaux  (which  Mr.  Lambert  makes  t 
a  aynonvme  of  his  plant),  are  scaly,  with  the  scales  . 
reflesed,  as  in  j^.  1810.  in  p.  974.  The  young 
shoots  in  Mr.  Lambert's  plate  are  green,  but  in  the 
Dropmore  plant  they  are  of  ihe  same  violet  glau- 
cous hue  as  those  of  P.  inops ;  a  character  bo 
remarkable  that  it  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  which, 
Michaux  says,  belongs  to  no  other  pine  of  the  United 
Swtes  but  P.  inops  and  P.  mitis.  (jV.  Amtrr.  Si/i., 
iii.  p.  130.}  It  is  found  also  in  P.  Sabimdm  and  P. 
Coulten  ;  but  with  these  species  Michaux  was  not 
acquainted,  and  besides  they  are  not  natives  of  the  United  States. 


LXXVII.    CONIF£R£:    I'l  NUS. 

I  imaginarj  epedes,  a 


t  22.  P.  FONDBKO'SA  Doug.     The  bemj-wooded  Hoe. 

UaalMctUm.  Dnaclu't  incliiaHU  In  Ihi  HortlailtDnl  SdcMt'i  bntulum  i  Ijvii 
p.  A(.;  LuU.  GU.,  hL  lUe  I  FID.  Wob.,  D.  44.  i  Ftaaj  pr<:.,  lol.  IS. 

Smerailmf.  Fla.  If  ob.,  t.  li.  I  oar  M.  iOSL  U>  am  m\ul  talti  uti  JItt.  IfM.  to 
lutiinl  •!»,  ftna  tba  me  In  tlu  HonlcuUunl  esdatr'f  GvIbi,  ml  DoufUi'i  ipac 


^tec.  Char.,  ifc.     Leaves  three  in  a  sheath,  much  longer  than  the  cones, 
flexible,  tortuou»,  with  short  sheathe.    Crest  of  the  itntEers  rounded,  entire. 
CoDM  orate,  reflexed,  with  the  apices  of  the  acalea  flattened,  with  a  raised 
process  in  the  middle,  terminating  in  a  conical,  minute,  recurred  spine, 
slightlj   quadrangular.      Buds,   in  Douglas's   specimen,  {  in. 
long,  and  )  in.  broad ;  cj'lindrical,  with  stiaigfat  sides,  rounded 
like  a  dome  at  the  extremity,  but  with  a  prominent  blunt 
point :  dark  brown,  and  coTered  with  resin.     Buds,  on  the 
I  living  tree   in  the   Horticultural  Society's  Garden  (see  Jie. 

I  1830.),  from  1  in,  to  1^  in,  long,  and  from  }  in.  to  U  in.  brtnid ; 
smoodi,  c;^1indrica],  with  a  long  point;  reddish  &own,  and 
I  covered  with  a  fine  white  bloom,  coo- 
ustinc  of  fine  particles  of  resin,  mr- 
rounded  by  two  or  more  Bmallcr  buds. 
Leaves  disposed  in  parallel  spirals  ;  in 
__^      Douglas's   specimen   (see  ^.  1332.), 
in*.         from  9 in.  to  11  in.  long;  3  in  a  sbeatii, 
which  b  from  \  in.  to  1  in.  in  length, 
with  numerous  fine  rings ;  scales  of  the  leaves  per' 
ststent  on  the  wood,  even  of  two  years'  or  three 
years'  growth.     Leaves,  on  the  living  plant,  from 
7in.  to  Din.  long.     The  cone  (see  A.   1831),  in 
£h>uglaa's    Bpectmen, 
is  d^ormed,  and  very 
imperfectlr         deve- 
loped ;  it  IS  only  3  in. 
long,  and  \  in.  broad. 
The  scales  are  termi- 
nated in  flattened  pro- 
cesses, scarcely  ribbed 
in  any  direction.     In 
the  centre  of  the  pro- 
\  cess   is   a   protuMr- 
I  ance,  large  in  propor- 
I  tion    to    the    SMde, 

sharp  prickle,  point- 

inc  outwards.     Scale 

1  In.  long,  and  \  in. 

broad  ;   dark  brown. 

Seed  -K  in.  long,  and 

I  in.    broad  ;    dark 

brown,  with  the  wing 

nearly  I  in.  in  length, 

and  Jin.  in  breatkh  j 

wings  of  a  yellowish 
lui   r  Biiiiiiii.i  brown.    A  lofty  tree,  ,ug,  p. psdabmi. 

North    America,   on 
the   north-west  coast.     Height  50  ft.  to  100  fr.      Introduced  in  1820.     It 
has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 


e  specie*  U  found  to  be 
and  of  T»pid  growth,  both 
te  of  London  and  of  Edin- 


983  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUM    BRIT&NNICUH. 

The  planta,  when  of  hni  or  twelve 
yean'  growlh,  ve  remu-kable  for  Uie 
twitted  appearance  of  their  bnuchea 
which  arc  in  rsular  verticillate  whork. 
The  timber  of  AiD-grown  trees  i*  said 

water.      The  s 
quite  hardy,  and  i 
in  the  climate  of '. 

burgh,  P.  ponderdsa  is  a  native  of 
the  nonh-weat  coast  of  North  Ame- 
rica, on  the  banks  of  the  Spokan  and 
Flathead  nvere,  and  on  the  Kettle 
PbIIb  oT  the  Columbia,  abundsuillj'. 
It  waa  discoTered  bf  DougUa,  and 
sent  bj  him  to  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety m  182S.  A  ouniber  of  planta 
viae  raised  from  seeds  in  that  ^ear. 
and  distributed  :  the  largeat  of  throne  . 
we  believe  to  be  diat  in  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  Garden.  ITie 
tree  at  Dropmore  was,  in  1837,  9  ft. 

1  93.  P.  Sin  iN/J'w.<  Douglas.     SBbiae'R,  or  tie  great  pricilg-eoiud,  ? 

iii,sd.9.,*.(.SI).;  Lawian'i  UlDIUI.  p.  SB3.  ;  rtaVOb-^O. 

,-.    _in.,  (d.t.l  1.80,1  Pin.  Woh..  LW.mdM.  sour  A.  IS*- «|™ 

IkI  i|fj.lsS4.  to  IBM,  oitlH  DMunl  itH,  frgm  Uia  Cne  Id  tbg  floHicultunI  Si 
uuim,  udXunknt. 

Spec.  CTtar.,  ^c.      Leaves  in 
threes,  very  long.      Cones 
OTBte,  eohinate,  very  large. 
Scales    long,    awl-shapM, 
incurved,  and  spiny  at  the 
apex.  (LanA.  «n.)   Buds, 
on  the  tree  in 
the    Horticul- 
tural Society'a 
A  Garden     (see 
}fie-        '834.). 
J  nearly    1    inch 
long,  and  \  in. 
broad;  convex 
t  on  the   ndes, 
'  imbricated,  but 
not      covered 

"*■       Leavet     from 
10  in.  to   1  ft.   in  length  \ 

Slaucous  in  every  stage  of 
lelr  growth,  flexuose ;  and, 
when  fiiU-growii,  partly 
bent  downwards,  as  those 
shown in^,  1837.  Sheaths 
above  1  in.  in  length,  mem- 
branaceous, ash-brown, 
shining,  and  nearly  entire 
at  the  top,  with  numerous 
rings.  Scales  of  the  cones. 
In  the  specimens  sent  home  i™-  <-i'-  5.k»u"  ^  ■. '.  r.  ca». 


H 


Lxxvii.  coni'fera::  i>i^NUs, 


983 


1836.    P.SaUoUna. 


3r  4 


984  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUH    BRITANMCUH. 

by   I>ouglB(,   S  in.   long.    Bod 

Ijin.  broad   (tx  J!g.  1638.). 

Seeds  (a  in  Jig.  1B3S„  and  6 

■<n  Jig.  1835.)  a: 

md  nearly  t 

larger  than  ti 

ten  Bhown  at  a  m  m.  lamt.  ; 

wing  very  abort      Shoota   of 

tbe  cuirent  yenr  covered  whb  - 

violet-coloured    blooin,     like  - 

those  of  P.  Inops,  but  darker. 

A  large  tree.  Upper  CaliforDia. 

Heigfac   40   to    110  ft.,  rarely 

140  ft.      Introduced  in   1838. 

PlantK  have  not  yet  floirered 

in  England.     Hort.  Soc 

Douglai  deicribcB  tbe  leaves 
as  in  threes,  very  rarely  in  Ibun ;  - 
IVom  II  in.  to  H  in.  long  ;  sharp, 
round,  and  smooth  on  the  out- 
side, Angular  on  the  inside  ;  ser- 
rated, more  widely  and  conapi-  - 
cuousty  ao  towards  the  point; 
erect,  but  flaccid  and  drooping 
iluriiw    winter.     Sheath     1^  in. 

long,  light  brown,  chsAy,  some-  ,ai.  r  siIit^i 

times  torn  at  the  top.     Stipules 

lanceolate  and  rigid,  Male  and  female  catkins  erect.  Flowers  afqieariiv  in 
February  and  March.  Cones  of  a  bright  green  when  youn^ ;  at  the  end  oftbe 
first  season,  measuring  from  6  in.  to  S  in.  round,  and  beuig  then  of  a  more 
rounded  fonn  than  they  are  when  perfect,  in  the  November  of  the  following 
year  (see  j^.  1836.)  ;  when  mature,  ovale,  recurved,  preaung  on  the  shoots 
for  aupport,  in 
clusters  of  from 
3  to  9,  surround. 

remaining  on  the 
tree  for  a  aeriea 
of  years  ;  and 
from  9  in.  to 
1 1  in,  long,  and 
from  16  ui.  to 
18  in.  round  j 
some,  however, 
are  larger.  Scales 
■pRthulate,S^in. 
long,  having  a 
very  strong, 
sharp,  incurved  : 
point  (see  £  in  J 
J!g.  1838.)  with  ] 
f^ndance  of  | 
pellucid  resin. 
Seeds  (see  a  in 
fy.  1838.)  some- 
what oblong,  ta- 
pering to  the 
base  ;  flatdsli  on 
the  inside,   1  in.  lus.  r,  •-"-"- 


LXXTii.  coni'fers  :  n'NUS.  985 

long,  and  nearlv  4  in.  broad  ;  shell  ttiiclc,  hard,  brown ;  wing  jreUow,  Bhort, 
adC  and  half  the  length  of  the  seed,  which  it  nearly  encompassee ;  kernel 
pleasant  to  the  Uste,     Cotyledons  from  7  to  18.     The  tree  does  not  attain 

Siite  so  large  a  size  as  the  other  gigantic  specicB  of  the  genus  which  inhabit 
e  northern  and  western  parts  of  North  America.  The  largest  and  most 
handsome  trees  inhabit  the  aqueous  vegetable  deposits  on  the  western  flank  of 
the  Cordilleras  of  Kew  Albion,  at  a  great  elevation  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  1600  ft.  below  the  verge  of  per}>etuBl  snow,  in  the  parallel  of  40°  N.  lat. 
This  species  ia  quite  hardy  in  British  gardens,  having  passed  the  winter  of 
1837-8  uninjured. 

2  84.  P.  (S.)  Cou'LTBRf  D.Don.     Coulter's,  or  MfgrmfAooiAf,  Pine. 
Uaalfieatlim.    Don  In  Un.  Trut,  IT.  e.  MO. :  laiab.  Fin.,  3.  t.  8S.  1  PId.  Wob-.p, 
Strntma.    IP.  Siblnidju  »ir.  Borl.x  7 P.  omcrorf—  "--"   *"     "-  '"■ 

comiwiDf  Mr.  LwBbvt'i  ipednxai  oS  f.  Coftllol  wl 

ortbatMlUtndmctgitilniloiluuuon-'-    — "  • 

(AK.  Btf.,  ISA  v.  Jl.,  Ho.  m.)    The  dl 

pmiftr  natmai  to  mar.  Id  oar  oplnlDD,  flxl 

bat,  b*  Ibiil  u  II  mij,  huiag  sn  podltR 


lelD  Iki 


dOUbL     TmuplHUI  won  n 

lo  be  lli«  true  IV  CodlUrf,  All ,- 

Bnuriititifl.    Ludb.PiD.,S.  I.n.;  Pin.  Wob.,  I.  It.  Uld  M.  j  ourjb.  IMI.rron 

iram  Uie  drinl  «KW  In  tlia  Hortlculttml  Sofdotr't  hiirbvlmc.  uA  Jigt,  1839, 

jaaa^  pUdU  In  tbe  Horticultunl  Sodecj'i  Gjinian. 
Spec.  Char.,  S/c.     Leaves  in  threes,  very  long,  compressed ;  sheaths 
ragged.     Cones  oblong,  solitatv,  very  large;  scales  wedge-shaped, 
with  the  apex  elongated,  thidiened,  lanceolate,  mucronate,  com- 
pressed, hooked.  (JD.  Don.')     Buds,  on  the  tree  in  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden  (see  fig.  1839.),  1  in.  lon^,  and  from  { in. 
to  j  in.  broad ;  conical,  pointed,  convex  on  the  sides,  imbricated  ; 
the  scales  of  the  buds  adpreased,  broirn,  and  not  covered  with 
resin.     Leaves  of  the  ^oung  plants  9  in.  long,  and  of  the  dried 
specimens  in  the  herbarium  of  the  Horticultural  Society  upwards  i 
of  10  in.  U>ng ;  of  the  same  ^ucous  hue  as  those  of  P.  Sabin-  j 
fiina,  but  not  turned  downwards  at  any  stage  of  their  growth. 
Cones   (see  Sg.  1811.,  to  our  usual  scale)  sent  home  by  Douglas 
1  ft.  in  length,  and  6  in.   in  breadth ;  scales  of  the  cones  3  in.       mg 
long,  and  From  l}in.   to   l^in.  broad.     Scales  (see  ^.   1635. 
c)  from  3^  in.  U>  4  in.  long,  and  from  1}  in.  to  l^in.  broad;  \afg.  1B41., 
at  a,  a  front  view  of  the  hook  of 
the  scale  is  given,  of  the  natural 
size.    Seed  (see^.  1835.  a)  brown, 
flattish,  from  tin.  to  {in.  in  length, 
and   {-  in.   in  l)readth,  without  the 
wing  1  with  the  wing  I  in.  in  length ; 
wiug  stiff,  light  brown,  and  nearly 
encompassing   the   seed.      Cotyle- 
dons, r.    The  seed  of  P.  Sabintana 
is    much   lai%er   than    that   of   P. 
Coultert,  as  shown  at  a  and  b  in  fig. 
1835.     Shoots  of  the  current  year 
covered  with  a  violet-coloured  glau- 
cous bloom,  like  those  of  P.  ino^s, 
but  darker.  A  large  tree.  Califorma,  ' 
on  the  mountains  of  Santa  Lucia  in 
bt.  36°,  at  an  elevation  of  3000  ft.  to 
4000  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Height  soft,  to  100ft.  Introd.  lase. 
It  has  not  yet  flowered  in  England. 
Varielu. 

i  P.  (S.)  C,  2  Bere.  —  See  the 

synonymcB  above.  hid.   p.  is.icgiiuii. 


ARBOBETUM  XT  FRUTICETUM    BBITAHNICUM. 


Leaves  b  threea,  nrelf  in  fours  or  fives,  about  0  in.  long,  incurred,  aome- 
what  compresBed,  mucronate;  S-furrowed  above,  flattiah  beneath,  slii^tly 
aerrated  on  the  margin,  and  on  the  elevated  line  abng  the  middle.  Sbntha 
11  in.  long,  about  the  thickneat  of  a  crow-quill,  awelline  at  the  tqia.  Scales 
of  the  atiniiles  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  cartilaginoua,  Drigfat  brown,  shining, 
adpresaed  ;  marrin  acarious,  white,  thread-like,  and  torn  ;  with  the  lows' 
onea  shorter,  and  kcel-ahaped.  Stipules  larger,  much  acunjinated,  hooded  at 
the  base,  calloiu,  indurated,  and  persistent.  All  the  conea  large,  conical- 
oblong,  1  ft.  and  more  in  length,  6  in.  in  diameter  near  the  middle,  and 
weighing  about  4  lb.  Scales  wedge-ehaped,  elongated  at  the  apex,  lanceolate, 
nnicronate,  compressed  on  both  sides,  obsoletelj  quadrangular,  incurved  and 
hooked,  very  thick,  indurated,  smooth,  shiniiw,  brownish,  acute  at  the  margin, 
I.  long;  the  lower  ones  longer,  tkaBezed,  and  spreading.  (Lamb.} 


of  their  growth ;  the  voung  shoots  covered  with  a  violet  glaucous  bloom,  lil 
those  of  P.  inops  and  F.  mltis ;  and  both  retain  thdr  leaves  till  the  bumm 
of  the  third  year.     The  colour  and  form  of  the  seeds  in  the  two  kinds  a 


Lxxvii.  coNi'PERf  :  Planus.  987 

exactly  the  Btaoe;  but  the  lerfei  cone  has  the  smallei  seeds.  To  us  it  ap- 
pears that  they  are  onljr  VBrieties  of  one  spedes  i  but,  if  they  are  so,  they  are 
as  well  worth  keeping  distinct  as  any  species  whatever.  Aej  may,  indeed, 
be  described  as  of  surpassing  beauty  ;  and,  what  adds  greatly  to  thdr  value, 
they  appear  to  be  quite  hardy. 

1  25.  P.  AUSTKAt.is  Michx.    The  southern  Pine. 

SmSfi^Tp.  nldMrii  ^aU.Sf.Pt.*.B.tSB'.,PmliStfl.i  f.6it..LaA.FIm.'ti.H.  I.M, 
».;  F.uanMB*v^tlOlt,i<:.,  Hart.Jwgl.  p.  m..  Dji  Ham.  Art.  i.  p.  IX,  i  P.  terttlat  Bdrt., 

=.-       ,..^      ^     .„—      -    »..:        T-      J !_     . l_,^    pjnj_    YbHow  PIm,  Pltth  PlDO,   uj 

Kl  Bed  PIna,  In  U»  DDrtfasni  itU«  i  tad 
■— '  --id  Uw  Ifat  India,  bf  Um  Umbsr 

m  'ANhM  1  ud  A'-  l«7t-  ><>  1H<.  of  tha  utuni 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.  Leaves 
in  threes,  very  long. 
Hale  catkins  long,  ey- 
lindrical,  of  a  tawny 
Uue,  dive^eut.  Cones 
ray  lon^  tessellated 
with  tumid  tubercles, 
terminated  by  very 
small  mucros.  (MichxJ) 
Buds,  in  the  Drop- 
more  specimen  (see 
Jig.  1848.).  rather 
'n  proportion 


leaves.  When  the 
leaves  are  removed, 
the  bud  is  found  to  be 
from  I  to  f  in.  long, 
and  from  -^  in,  to 
■J^in.  broad,  with  nu- 
merous, far-projecting, 
white,  fringed  scales  ; 
general  form  conical, 
and  wholly  without 
resin.  Leave*  (see/g. 
I843.)lrom8b.to9b. 
in  length.  Sheath  bom 
U  io.  to  2  in.  long, 
wnlte,  membranaceous, 
and  lacerated.  The 
cones,    iu    Michaux's 


98d  AEBORETUM    ET   FBUTICETUM   BBITAKNICUH. 

figure.  Sin.  long,  aod  8j  in. 
broad  in  the  widest  part 
Scale  (/g.  1644.)  from  If  in. 
to  1)  m.  long,  and  11  in. 
broad.  Seeds  oval,  from 
I  in.  to  fin.  in  length,  ^in- 


broad,  whitish ;  with  the  wing  8|  in.  in  length,  and  4  in.  in  breadth, 
and,  u  well  as  the  cone,  of  a  rich  chestnut  brown ;  in  Lambert's  Ggun;, 
the  scales  and  seeds  are  much  smsller.  Cotyledons,  7.  A  large  tree 
in  America,  but  rather  tender  in  England.  North  Carolina  to  Florila,  nesr 
the  sea  coast.  Height  60ft.  to  70  ft.  in  America,  rarely  above  lOft.  to  13  ft. 
in  England.  Introduced  in  1730.  The  lareest  plant  that  we  know  oris  at 
Famham  Caatlt^  which,  in  1B34,  after  being  35  years  planted,  was  20ft. 

X  P.  d.  2  exctUa.  P.  pallistris  eic^lsa  Booth,  —  Raised  in  the  Floet- 
beck  Nurseries,  in  1B30,  from  seeds  procured  Froin  the  north-west 
coast  of  North  America.  The  plant,  in  1837,  was  4  ft.  high,  widl 
lesTes  as  bng  as  those  of  F.  austrUis ;  and  was  quite  hardy,  erea  m 
that  cliniBte.     PosNbly  a  distinct  species. 

i  86.  F.  iNsi'oNis  Doug.     The  remarkable  Pine. 

unii  Pin.  nob.  p.  &I. 
■nw  «iiuw  ui  ■  juuuH  mvd  ui  ujv  HortJcultunl  SocM/'i  Guilen. 
S^iec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  three,  and  occasionally  four,  in  a  sheath  ;  much 
twisted,  varying  greatly  in  length,  longer  than  the  cones,  of  a  de^  gtsss 
green,  and  very  numerous.  Cones  ovate,  pointed,  with  the  scales  tuber- 
cuUte.  Buds  (see  fig.  1846.)  of  the  side  shoots  of  young  plants  from  A 
\'m.  to  Jin.  long,  and  from  }  in.  to  )iu.  broad,  brown,  and  apparently  fl 
without  resin  ;  on  the  leading  shoots  a  great  deal  larger,  and  resem-  K 
bling  in  form,  and  almost  in  ^ze,  those  of  P.  Sahiniofui.     Leaves,  in    I 


California.     Litroduccd  in  IB33,  and  reqiuring  protection  in  British  ims. 

gardens,  at  least  when  young. 

This  pine  is  well  named  insignis ;  its  general  appearance  being  indeed 
remarkable,  and  totally  different  from  that  of  every  other  species  that  hasjel 
been  introduced.     The  leaves  are  of  a  deep  grass  green,  thickly  set  on  Ihe 


Lxxvii,  coni'fer*:  pi'nus. 


branches,  twisted  in  ereiy 
direction,  and  of  different 
length!.  The  plants  in  the 
Horticultun]  Society's  Oar- 
den,  and  ia  most  other  places. 


were  killed  by  the  winter  of 

1837-8  ;    but    one     plant    nt 

Elvaslon    Castle    stood    that 

winter     without     protection. 

This  has  also  been  the  cage  „,,    ,  i„*m,ii 

with  some  plants  in  the  neigh-  '  '     '  "^"^ 

bourhood  of  London. 

I  S7.  P.  CALiFoiiNi*"WA  Lmi.     The  Califomian  Pine. 
Uraltfiealieii.    LoUel«rDaloDRluniiiLlntti<N.  DuHun.,  E.[i.  M>. 

Stuaifma.  P.  DHinUrCTCiuliaid^fHvy  P.  Miiiia  Auc.H  qoowd  iD&ia  Ard.  1  Pin  daMon- 
urof.  BOL  JarA  ed.  in?. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  in  twos  and  threes.  Cones  much  longer  than  the 
leaTes.  (I^it.)  This  tree  grows  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Monte-R«]',  in 
California.  Its  cone  is  in  the  form  of  that  of  P.  Z^n&ater,  but  one  third 
larger  in  all  its  parts.  Under  each  of  the  scales  are  found  two  seeds  of  the 
size  of  those  of  P.  ChAra,  and  of  which  the  kernel  is  good  to  eat  A 
plant  of  this  pine  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  named  there  P. 
roontheragfnsis,  which  was  recced  from  M.  Qodclroy  about  1889,  formed 
a  stunted  bush,  3  ft.  high,  and  4  or  5  feet  broad,  but  it  died  in  the  winter 
of  1837-8,     A  very  doubtful  species. 


t  28.  P.  MVRiCA^A  D.  Don.     The  imoUer  prickly-con«d  Pine. 
MrmtgiallBit.    Lfai.Tmu.,lT.p.Ml.i  L(Db.PiD.,a.l.M. 

Sjfnoitpnr.     OWipo,  Span. 

Eieraritigi,    Lmati.  Pin.,  t.  t.  M.  |  ind  ODrA.  IMB- 

^Mc.  Char.,  4-e.     ?  Leaves  in  threes.  Cones  ovate,  with  unequal  sides,  crowd- 
ed :  scales  wedge-sh^ied,  flattened  at  the  Kpex,  mucronatei  those  at  the 


ARBORETUM    ET    munCETOM    BRITAHNICUH. 


extenwl  bote  elongated,  compresMd,  reninred,  and  iprGadiiig.  (13.  Dim.) 
Cones,  in  Ltmbert's  figure,  2  in.  lon^  and  3  in.  brawl.  A  Mraight  mkUUe- 
■iied  tree,  about  40  ft.  high.  Ca- 
lifornia, at  San  Luia,  where  it  U 
called  Obigpo  (the  biEhtm),  grow- 
ii^  at  the  heiriit  of  3000  (t  abore 
the  level  of  the  sea. 


I   89.  P.  TUBBRCULi'TA  D.Don. 
Lhi.  Tnna.,  IT.  B. «!.  i  1 
ljmb.ria..i.t.&.itBll< 


Tbe  tuberculated  Pine. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  ?  Leam  in  threes.  Conea  oblong,  with  unequal 
crowded.  Scales  quadrangular,  and  tfuncate  at  the  apex,  with  a  '  ~ 
umbilicut ;  those  at  the  exterior  base  Urger,  elemted,  and  coni 
Dm.)  A  tree,  about  100  ft.  high.  California,  at  Monte-Re;,  on 
shore.  Found  bj  Dr.  Coulter,  along  with  P.  radiita,  which  it  n 
in  nie  and  habit,  but  is  esientiall;  distinguished  by  the  f<Min  of  its 
which  are  oblong,  3  in  a  cluKer,  of  a  tawny  grey,  4  ui.  long,  and 

1  30.  f .  eadia'ta  O.  O™.     The  radiated->caJ«f  Pine. 
UaUdlaaigii.    Un.  Tnu-.IT.B.  M.^  Lunb.  Fin.,!. 
Emtrmrlmtl.    L»ab.¥ln.,it.A.;  taioarjlg.jmi. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^e.     ?  Leaves  in  threes.     Cones  ovabs  with  ui 


■sed 

(a 


radiately  cleft,  truncate,  with  a 


Lxxvii.  coni'feb*:  pi'hus. 


MbaMi  tpex 


i  PflnjCri-<nl-l*- 


dcTBtedr 


recurved,  and  three  timea  as  large  at  their  external  baae.  Conea,  h 
bert'a  figure,  5J  in.  long,  and  Sj-  in,  broad.  An  a«ct  tree,  atCainine  the 
height  of  about  lOOft.,  with  copious  ipreading  braodiea,  reaching  almost 
to  the  ground.     Hontc-Rejr,  in  lat.  36°,  near  the  level  of  the  aea,  and 

CviiQ  alraott  close  to  the  beach.  Cones  ia  clusters,  ovate,  abont  6  in. 
g,  ventricose  at  the  external  base.  Scales  wedge-sh^Md,  thick,  bridit 
broKD,  shining,  dilated  at  the  apex,  depressed,  quadrangular,  radktely  clen  ( 
lunbilicuB  depressed ;  three  times  larger  at  the  exteruM  ba  '    ' 

pbbou^  somewhat  recurred. 

B,  Ifaiaxt  o/JHejMO. 

1  31.P.  Teoco'tj  SchiedeetOeppe.     The  Teocote,  or  (tni^ifJeaonf, Pine. 

IdnaHUMiim.    EeUedg«D«|nlnSetalKli 

SnoinKt.    TitxoUMaiOioitafllu  Mtrl 

SwraiAw.      Onr  JIgi.  I8M,  18SI,  IBM.  ftu 
^KMrV  U.  Hutnt,  tD  M». 

Spec.  Chttr.,  4t.  Leaves  ia  threes,  compreMed,  flemose,  scaltfous  g  sheaths 
about  i  in.  long.  Conea  ovate,  smoothiah,  about  the  uze  of  those  of 
P.  B^lv^stris,  but  with  the  tips  of  the  scales  flatter.  A  tree.  Oriiaba, 
in  Mexico.  Uei^t  40  ft.  to  SO  ^  ;  according  to  Lindle;,  in  Pemy  C^., 
lOOft.  Introduced  in  1B39.  Cones  were  distributed  by  the  Horticuftural 
Sodetf,  from  the  seeds  in  which  mmy  plants  have  been  raised ;  but  thdr 
"     "     IS  is  not  yet  ascerlaiiied. 


992  ARBOnSTUH    ET    FRUTICETUH   BRITANHICOK. 

The  figure  of  the  cone  of  P.  Teocile,  in  Arb. 
BriL,  lit  edit.  p.  8866.,  doe*  not  exactljr  agree 
with  the  cones  ient  home  bj  Hartweg,  and 
therefore  we  have  omitted  it 
in  thii  abridgement. 

BranchleU  ver;  ieafy,  with 
a  persistent  epidenms.  Buda 
imbricated,  with  lanceolate, 
Bcumlnate,  ciliate,  and  torn 
scales.  Leaves  in  threes, 
Rect,     ripd,     conqtreHed, 


acute,  tortuous  i  light  green, 
bicanaliculate  above,  sligbtlj' 
convex  beneath,  very  smooth; 
the  intenoediale  sli^tl]'  pro- 
minent angle,  and  the  mar. 
gins,  crenulated,  scabrous. 
Sheaths  cylindrical,  about 
I  in.  in  length,  pernstent, 
torn  on  the  margin.  Cones 
ovate-oblong,  drooping,  and 
smoothish,     scarce!;     3  in.  ^m. 

long.  Scales  dilated  at  the 
apex,  somewhat  trujexoidal,  much  depressed ;  in  the  young  conea  always 
mutic.  (LambJ)  This,  till  lately,  was  a  very  rare  species  :  there  having  been 
no  pUuts  of  it  dther  at  Dropmore  or  in  the  Horticultural  Bodety's  C&den- 
Tntfeed,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  it  existed  in  no  collection  in  Britain,  but 
that  of  Mr.  Lambert  at  Boyton,  tilt  1840.  ' 

1  38.  P.  pa'tuu  ScAiedt  el  Deppe  MSS.     The  spreading-Ironnf  Pine. 

liHUffaaUm.    Luib.  Ftn.,a«.  I.,t.  le,  Pnnr  Crcnd.is. 

EvnirAwi,    Lui1].PlD.,ad.l.,  1,  [.  1S.(  taijlp.  lUduid  ]SW.,iyoB  Hr.  LuAHft'i^nn. 

^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  threes,  verv  slender,  8-channeled,  sprewling ;  sfaesAhs 
about  1  in.  long.  Cones  ovat^obtong,  polished.  Branchlets  covered  with 
a  smooth,  lead-coloured,  and  persistent  ^Mdernus.  Scales  of  the  bud 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  carinate,  rij^d,  thread-lik^  and  dliate.  Leaves  in 
threes,  slender,  recurved  and  spreading;  soft,  Ught  green  ;  deeply  Ucana' 
liculate  above,  convex  beneath,  marked  with  many  dotted  lines;  6  in.  to 
9  in.  long  ;  the  intermediate  somewhat  jirominent  ai^le,  and  the  mar^ns, 
sharply  serrated,  scabrous.  Sheaths  cylindrical,  1  in.  to  l^in.  long.  Apex 
and  margin  of  the  scales  thread-like  bnd  ciliated.     Cones  ovate-obtong. 


Lxxvii.  coni'fer^  :  Pi'tivs. 


Bmooth,  nbout  4  in.  Ipng.  Scuirs 
dilated  at  the  apex,  much  de- 
pressed, flaltish,  Boraewhat  tra- 
pezoidal; in  the  young  cone, 
mucronulate.  (Layab.^  A  tree. 
Mexico,  at  Malpayo  de  la  Joya, 
in  the  cold  rc^n.  Height  60  (t. 
to  TOft.  Introduced  in  ?  IB£0, 
and  a^n  b;  Uartweg  in  1839, 
in  which  jiear  conea  were  diatri-  . 
buted  eitensively  bjr  the  Honi-  I 
cultural  Society,  | 


f  P.  p.  2Joliu  tMclu  Benth. 
Plant.  Hart.  No.  443., 
(hrd.  Mag.  1840,  p.  636. 
—  Cones  Binatler  than 
those  of  the  species,  and 

the     learea     atraighter.  ,mi.  f,pi,„u. 

Pound  by  Hartweg  near 

Real  del  Monte.     Horticultural  Society's  Oorden. 
t  33.  P.  hhiVKA'^KA  Schiede.     La  Lk*e's  I^pe. 


Smi^pmri.  P.crmtrfUn*  Zua.  Ftora,  lUt;  t.  Bcllil,  S3,  i  Ilw Hnloui Cmbu. Pnmv  (>c, tsI  in. 

iMfiwtw''  OurAr.  Ifi-  f"*"  ■  ipKlinni  at  Uiii  tna  In  Iba  Londin  HortkultunTsacMi'i 
uBnlKi;jfa.  IBSO.  TnnD  ■  cone  Mot  honw  bj  Hulntgi  and  Jfg.  ]HM.,a  thacoDo,  AUieiefid,froip 
■  COM  Rcdrad  tren  M.  Otto  orBorlki. 

^)ei;.  CAar,,  iic.  LeaTes  short,  narrow,  triquetrous,  slightly  twisted,  b  thickly 
set  tufts  on  the  branches,  of  a  glaucous  green.  Branches  in  regular  whorls, 
smooth,  of  an  ash  grey,  declining  towards  the  stem.  Buds  exceedinel]' 
small ;  in  form,  and  in  every  otner  respect,  like  those  of  Plnus  hde- 
p^nsjs:  the  buds  are  scarcely  Jin.  long,  and  from  -fg'va.  to|in.  broad; 
roundish,  with  two 
or     three    smaller 

Ibuds.  (Seej%. 
1857.)  Leaves 
generally  in 
threes,  often  in 
twos,  and  some-  | 

times  in  fours, 
var^g  from 
in  lengdi;  flat 
■  on    the    upper  luit  ,.  Li.,rt-. 


9 


ARBORETUM    ET    rRUTICETUM    BRITANMICUH. 


about  G  or  7  Unea  long,  and  luo.  r.  u.-^^ 

nbout  4  linei  thick  at  the 

upper  end,  but  diminUhing  in  site  towards  the  lower  extremity,  which  is 
obtuse.  {Schlechl.  in  Lmnica,  1.  c.)  A  low  tree.  Mexico,  between  ZirDapui 
and  Real  del  Oro.  in  forests;  and  also  occasionally  cultivated  in  garcfens 
fur  the  eeedi,  as  the  stone  pine  is  in  Italy,  and  the  neoza  pine  in  the 
Himalayas.  Height  80  fc  to  30  fL  Introduced  in  1930,  and  quite  hardy 
in  British  gardens. 

The  seeds  are  edible,  and  very  well  tasted  ;  and  they  are  sold  in  Mexico 
under  the  name  of  Pinoaea,  as  those  of  the  stone  pine  are  in  Italy  under  the 
name  of  Pinocchi.  The  young  tree  is  of  a  very  singular  and  beautifiil  dtane- 
tcr,  and  will  douhtlesi  soon  find  a  place  in  every  collectioB. 

C.   NaUvct  of  the  dnnrin,  India,  Peraa,  CMna,  and  AailnSa. 
t  34.  P.  ciNAtiiB'Nsis  C.  Smith.     The  Canary  Pine. 

UadlfltaHam.    C.  Rnilth  In  Bncb  FL  Cu.,  p.  19.  (Dd  M. ;  Dec.  PI.  R(r,  Jud.  On.,  I.p.  I. 
ifigraWifi.    Dec.  PI.  BIT.  rud.  Geo.,  I.  L^,  Ll  Lunl).  PId.  ed.  ).,  1.  t.  ».  ;  tyar  Jig.  IK*.  ** 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  threes,  very  long  and  spreading,  roi^h. 
Crest  of  the  anthers  round,  entire.  Cones  oblong,  tulx^ulate.  ' 
(Lamb.  Pin.)  Buds,  in  the  Dropnore  spedmen  {neejtg,  IB61.), 
from  ■fi'ai.  to  }in.  lone,  and  from  ^in.  to  -^ia.  broad  ;  dry  and 
•caly,  white,  and  without  resin.  Leaves  (see  ^.  1869.)  from 
7  in.  to  T|  in.  long,  and  slender  ;  sheaths  from  ^  in.  to  J  in.  loog, 
whitish,  membraneous,  tom  at  the  margin,  and  brownish  at  the 
base.  Cone,  in  Lambert's  figure,  fi} in.  long,  and  SJin.  broad; 
scale  Sin.  long,  and  1^  in.  broad,  terminating  in  an  irregular  pyra- 
midal process,  at  the  apex  of  which  is  a  blunt  point,  like  thnt  of  P. 
Pinhnur.      Scales   (see  fg.  1863.)  8  in.  long,  and   IJ  in.  ts-oad. 


Lxxvii.  coni'fer^:  pCsvb. 


the   wnu  Ifin.  long,  sod  Aid-   broad   at   the   w! 

whituh  brown.     Cotylodona,?.     The  tree  throws 

out  abundaace  of  ahoola  and  tufts  of  leaves  fiom 

the  dontHUit  biid>  in  the  trunk  and  larger  branches, 

more  especiallj  at  placea  where  an]'  branches  have 

been  cut  oBl     A  large  tree.     Teneriffe  and  Orand 

Ctuiai7,  at  £000  ft.  to  7000  ft.  of  elevation.    Hei^t 

eoft.  to  70ft.      Introduced  ?  1759,  Mid  requinng 

protection  in  British  Gardeiu. 

Thia  specie*,  P.  longil^ia,  and  P.  Idiwh^Ua  bear 

a  close  geueTBl  reaembhuice,  and  are  all  rather  tender ; 

but,  when  the  kares  and  buds  are  examined  dosdy , 

their  necifie  flifference  becmnes  obvious.     They  are 

all  KoaHf  propapted  by  cuttii^  of  the  f oun^  shoots 

which  are  thrown  out  bj'  the  tmnks,  planted  m  sand, 

and  covefed  with  a  hand-glBSS,  but  without  bottom 

heat.   They  all  require  protecttoD,  even  in  our  mildeit 

winters,  and  should  be  placed  in  a  coDservator;  devoted 

entirelj  to  halthardy  j^bi^tiDe.     Lambert  states  that 

this  species  differs  mun  P.  kH^ifolia  chiefly  b  the 


996  ARBORETUM    ET    FHUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

much  more  depreMcd  and 
straight-pointed  tubercles  of 
its  cones ;  those  of  F.  longi- 
Blia  being  hooked.  The 
largest  specimen  of  this  pine 
that  we  know  of  is  at  Drop- 
more;  where,  after  having 
been  ll  ywn  plaoled,  it 
wu,  in  1837,  17fl.  hipb.  It 
is  protected  during  vmter  in 
the  same  manner  as  P.  longi- 
folia  and  P.  leioph^lla.  A 
plant  in  the  Trinity  Collie 
Botanic  Garden,  Dublin, 
rused  there  about  181S,fi«m 
seeds  collected  at  TeneriSe, 
b^  the  late  Dr.  Smith  of  Chris. 
tlania,  attained  the  height  of 
15  ft.  without  an]'  protec- 
tion, and  remained  uninjured 
till  the  severe  spring  of  1830, 
when  the  top  wan  coninletely 
destroyed.    In  the  early  part 

of  the  summer  of  that  year,  u^   -   ,     -  ■ 

however,  the  trunk  threw  out 

two  or  three  shoots,  a  few  inches  above  the  cidlar,  and,  the  dead  part  abore 
it  bdng  cut  off!  these  shoots  have  grown  vigorously  ever  since  ;  and  one 
(tf  tbeai,  having  taking  the  lead,  promises  to  make  a  handsome  plant. 

t  35.  P.  lonoifo'lia  Roxb.     llie  long-leaved  /w&m  I^ne. 
UnHfiimiim.    Lunb.Plii.,«).9.,l.t.3£,».;  RmlD  IUiut.,p.  tSS. 

Smtrawimgl.     Idnll.  FiD,,  ed.  S,.  ].  t.  K,  IT.  i  Ttilfie  lUuU.,  (,  U.  I.%;  oar  Jig.  IBM.  to  nor  lual 
kaI*  I  and  Jt^-  IMtfi,  to  JWB.  ai  the  iu£unl  llxe,  frcMn  Rbfle  and  l^mbot,  sod  frou  DtOftmn 

Spee.  Char,,  ^c.     Leaves  in  threen,  very  long  and  slender,  pendulous ;  sheaths 
long.     Cones  ovate^oblong.     Scales  elevated  at  the  apex,  very  thick,  re- 
curved.   (Lamb.   Pin.) 
Buds,  in  the  Dropmore 
specimens     (see    ^g. 
18G5.),  from  1  in.    lo 


1^  in.  long,  and  nearly 
}  in.  brciwi  j  covered 
with  dry  scnlcB  at  the 
lower  part,  and  abor- 
tive leaves  ;  swelling 
towards  the  upper  pan, 
and  coDcavely  actiminnte : 
(see;^.  J868.)  I  ft.  in 


LXXVII.   coni'fer£:   J'l  k 


rated.     Cone  (,aee_fig.  1808.)  from 
5  in.  to  5^  in.  lona,  and  S}  in.  lo  . 
8|  in.  brcMid  ;   sctJe,  according  to  \ 
Mr.  Lemberf  ■  plate  (tee  fig.  1B67.), 
fVom  I|in.  to  Sin.  in  lensth.  Ser  ■ 
without  the  wing,  ^in.  ^Dg;  « 
the  wing,   1"  ' 


without  the  wing,  lin. 
the  wing,  Uin.  Cotj'] 
cording  to  Lawson,  about  18. 


iJotj'ledons,  ac- 


.  Himalayas.  Introduced 
I  1807,  and  requiring  protection 
in  England. 

P.  longifolia  is  a  native  of  Nepal, 
OD  the  mountsin* :  and  alio  of  the 
lower  and  warmer  parts  of  India, 
where  the  tree  is  cultivated  on  ac- 
f;ount  of  its  beautiliit  foliage  and 
graceful  habit  of  growth,  but  where  it 
magnitude  as 


house  plant ;  it  is  now 
founil  to  stand  the  open 
lur,  but  not  without 
protection  during  win- 
ter. The  largest  tree 
in  England  is  believed 
be  that    at   Drop- 


It  w 


3  IBT 


nearly  ISft.  high;  but 
it  is  covered  eveiy  win- 
ter with  B  portable  roof 
of  fern,  euclosed  in 
mats,  and  supported  by 
a  wooden  frame  j  the 
sides  being  closed  in 
with  the  same  mate- 
rials, but  with  two 
doors  opposite  each 
other,  to  open  on  fine 
days,  to  promote  ven- 
tilation. Mr.  Lawson 
suggests  that  the  ten- 
derness which  is  appa- 
rent in  some  individuals 
of  this  species  may 
possibly  arise  from  the 
seed  from  which  they 
were  raised  having  been 
produced  by  trees  grow- 
ua  in  the  warm  valleys 
oT  Nepal  ;  and  that, 
"  by  procuring  seed 
from  trees  at  the  high- 
est elevation  at  which 
they  arc  found  to  exist,  { 
plants  might  be  raised 
sufficiently  hardy  to 
stand    the    climate   of 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICKTUH    BRITANNICUM. 

'.  OBRARDf^'v.*  Wall.     Oerard'g,  er  At  AoHJemxd  Wepalt  Pias. 
lb.  Pin.,  id.  1,  1. 1,  T3. 1  RoTle  niiM.,  p.  )93. 1  Fto.  Wolx,  p.  U. 
at''  lUtal.  p.  n  1  tha  N*ou  Pine.  Fomt  Cte .  ml.  Ift 
irK  10  ouiiwuO  icilt':  uidjtp.  im.  ud  I8TO.,'iIh  oh  fnu  LuabKl,  (nd 

q  f  c.  Leaves  in  threes,  short ;  nheatfag 
us.  Cones  oTat&oblong ;  scales  thick, 
nd  recurved  at  the  apex.  {Lawi6.  Pim.) 
in  Royte's  figure,  from  3}  ia.  to  5  dl 
li  i  sheaths  imbricate,  )  in.  in  lo^th. 


Cone  8  in:  long,  and  nearly  5  in,  broad.  Seed  lin.  long,  ind  f  in.  broad ; 
cylindrical,  pointed  at  both  ends,  and  of  a  dai^  brown ;  eatable,  like  those 
of  the  itone  pine.  WingH  short,  A  Duddle-aied  tree.  NepaI,on  the  nonhetn 
face  of  the  Himalayiia,  at  from  5,000  ft  to  10,000  ft.  or  elevation.  Hdgfat 
30  ft.  to  AOft.    Introduced  ?  1830.     Apparently  tender  in  British  Oardens. 


Lxxvii.  coNi'p&as:  pi'nus. 

Nothing  U  luud  respecting  the  timber  of  this  treej 
but  the  aecda  are  eaten  hy  the  inhabitantB  of  the  lover 
partj  of  India,  in  the  south^n  countries.  This  species 
was  discovered  by  Captain  P,  Gerard,  of  the  Ben^ 
Native  Infantry;  and  named  in  cotnmemorauoD  of  hiro 

KDr.  WalLich.  Cones  hove  been  aent  to  England,  by 
-.  Wallich  and  others,  at  diffcri^nt  times ;  though  they 
are  often  confounded  with  those  of  P.  longifolia.  The 
plant  named  P.  Oerardionn  in  the  Horticultiu^  Society's 
Garden  has  persistent  sheaths,  and  long  slender  leaves; 
and  is,  doubtless  P.  longiioJia;  and  the  same  inoy  be 
said  of  a  number  ofplanu  at  Hessrs.Loddiges's.  There 
ore  plants  of  the  true  P.  GerBrdiona  in  the  Qapton 
Nursery,  under  its  ayuo.iyme  of  P.  Nebia, 

1  37.  P.  sinb'msis  Laiiib.    The  Chinese  I^ne. 
IdoOlflcaatm.    Lunb.  Fin.,  ei.  3^  1. 1. 19.  {  Fla.  Wob,  p.  S9. 
SfxmKTHi.  P.  rKeiffa  Bmit.  ■  dUIvs  at  Nepal.  Shi  Gorit  Uag^  IIHO, 
V  ^P.atf^taiitrit.  If'l^  1  J'.CaTemUiE^IH  Uarl. 


id  jigt.  int.  ud  inn. 

IVHTt,  lad  tbfl  bud  frc 


^lec.  Ckar.,  Sfc,     Leaven  in  threes,  rare!y  in  twos,  very  slender. 
Mule  catliins  short.     Cones  ovate  ;  scales  truncate  at  the  apex, 
without  any  point.    Branches  tubercled.     Leaves  squarrose,  with 
stipiilar  scales  ;  twin,  or  in  threes,  slender,  spreading,  seniicylin- 
drical,  mucronated,  serrulated;  crass  green,  fiio.  long;  sheaths 
c^lbdrical,  ^in.  long.     Male  cat£ins  numerous,  somewhat  verti- 
cillale,   }  in.   long.      Cones   with   very  short   footstalks,  ovate, 
brownish,  S  in.  long.  Scales  tbick,  woody,  tetragonal  at  the  apex, 
flattened,  truncate,  nutic  (Lamb.')    Buds  (see  fig.  1878.),  in  the 
Redleaf  specimen,  from  -^  in.  to  A  in.   in  length,  and  about  the 
same  breadth  ;  bluntly  pointed,  with  numerous  fine  scales  of  a 
brownish  colour,  and  wholly  without  resin.    Leaves  from  5  in.  to 
£}  in.  in  length ;  three^ided,  slender,  strai^t,  and  about  the  same 
colour  0$  those  of  P.  i'inea.    SheMhs 
from  }  in.  to  }  in.  long  ;    brownish,  • 
slightly  membranaceous,  and  rigid.   A 
lariretree. China.  Introd.lSgD, 
d  requiring  pro- 
England  in  very 


1000  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANKICUU. 

A  tive  at  lUdleaT,  railed  tn  W.  Wdl«,  Esq.,  from  Med*  receircd  Irom  China 
M  ISS9,  was  16  ft.  high  in  1837,  but  wm  kOM  b;  the  winter  of  ISST-a 
2  38.  P.  TIMOR ik'hsis.     The  llmc^  Pine. 

A  tree  at  Boyton.  which,  in  1837,  wa*  16ft.  high,  after  boDgSSj'cus 
planted,  was  railed  from  need  received  by  Hr.  Lambert  ih>m  Timor,  one  of 
the  Molucca  Islands.  It  bears  a  close  general  reaemblaoce  in  the  foGin  lod 
habit  to  P.  \otiptblia  ;  but  die  leaves  (of  which  tli««  are  three  in  a  ihnth) 
are  rather  more  slender,  and  of  a  deeper  green. 

$  iii.    Quina.  —  Leaves  5,  rarefy  4,  in  a  Sheath. 

A-    Cones  with  the  Scales  thickened  at  the  Apex. 

a.  Jfathet  of  Mrrieo. 

t  39.  P.  TLtRTWB'n//  Lindl.    Hartweg's  Vme. 


LXXVIl.    CONl'FER*;:    PI  NUS. 


iSl.  No.  96.  i  PmnT  Ctc.,  toI.  18. 
Engraf/mtl.    Our A'^  IWfi.  "ad  197BL  mn  Ipfld- 

."^c.  CSor.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  four*; 
Becondnry  luurowert,  primHTj'  mem- 
branaceoua,  elongate,  acarioiu. 
Cones  penduloua,  oblong,  obtuse, 
aggregate.  Scales  transverse  at 
apei,  depressed  in  middle,  umbo- 
nate,  ana  carinate  :  umbo  atrai^t 
androunded.  Seedsroundish.wedse- 
shaped,  four  times  shorter  than  the 
teKtaceoiu  wing.  (Lmdl.)  A  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  Campanario,  be- 
ginning; to  appear  where  the  oyantel, 
or  i^'ljies  religiosa,  ceases  to  pow, 
about  9000  ft.  above  the  sea.  Height 
40  ft.  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1839, 
by  cones  sent  home  b;  Hartweg, 
from  which  many  plants  have  bera 


I  40.  P.  Dbvonm'W^  IJndl.     The  Duke  of  Devonshire's  P 

Fa.  ae. ;  rami  Cfc,  ToL  u. 


^atmgma.  Pipo  dUnco,  w  F.  raal.  gf « 
Sngmilvi,  CKiiJIti.  Itn,  isn- Irtan  $f 
^c.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in 
fives,  very  long.  Brauchet 
very  thidc.  Cones  pendu- 
lous, solitary,  cutvhI,  ob- 
tuse. Scales  rounded  at 
apex,  rhomboidal  with  a 
slightly  elevated  transverse 
line,  dull  pearly  grey,  ab- 
ruptly umbonate  in  middle, 
obtuse,  smooth.  Seeds  ob- 
ovate,  five  times  shorter 
than  the  blackish  wing, 
(LmdL)  A  large  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  Ocotillo, 
between  Beal  del  Monte 
and  Regla.  Height  60  ft. 
to  eo  ft.  Introduced  in 
39,  by  cones  sent  home 


have  been 


by   Hartwcs,    fr 

numerons  punts 

since  nueed. 

The  cones  are  fi'om  9  in. 
to  10  in.  long,  curved,  about 
3  in.  in  diameter  near  the 
base,  and  taperins  till  they 
are  not  more  iBan  Ijj"* 
broad  at  the  point.  The 
leaves  are  between  Sin.  and 
9  in.  in  lei^th,  with  sheaths 
of  nearly  1  m.  in  length.    The 


LXXVtI.    CONI'FERS:    «  NUB. 


jtaung  sbootB  are  very 
neerly  1  in.  in  dituneter.  and 
look  very  like  those  of  1% 
Dus  paluatria.  This  noble 
apeaea  or  [»ne,  worthy  of 
the  princely  patron  of  gar- 
dening in  honour  of  whom 
it  ia  Duned,  it  is  tbougbt 
will  probably  prove  bardj 
ia  Bnti^  g^eaa. 


S  41.  P.  Rdmbllm'v^. 
Lindl.  Russell's,  or  lie 
DtJce  ofBedfiir^*.  Yma. 

U.^AreiL,  ISM,  M0.9T. 

^TK?'**'-  "?'  ■*'•  '*™;  "* 
IB80.  ttom  nvanvia  mt  bom* 
bjHutvif. 

^Kc.  Char.,  4^.  Leaves 
in  fives,  very  loog.  Cones 
elongate,  horizontal, 
sli^tly  dnx^niK,  verti- 
cillate,  BtTsigfatis^seistle. 
Scales  rbomboidal  at  the 
apex,  pyrtun  idal,  straight, 
obtuse.  Seeds  oblong, 
few  times  shorter  than 
their  blackish  wing. 
(ImuU.)  a  large  tree. 
Mexico,  on  the  road 
firoui  San  Pedro  to  San 
Pablo,  near  Real  del 
Monte,  Hdght,  f.  In< 
troduced  in  1839,  by 
cones  sent  to  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society  of 
Loudon  by  Hartweg, 
which  have  been  eiten- 
sively  distributed,  and 
from  which  many  plants 
have  been  raised. 

The  cones  are  about 
7  in.  long,  1}  in.  broad  at 
the  base,  and  thej  termi- 
nate in  a  point ;  the  scales 
are  a,  little  elevated,  so  as 
to  form  a  small  pyramid, 
with  a  somewhat  promi- 
nent apex.  The  leaves  aro 
7j|in.in  length,  vrith  sheatlis 
of  upwards  of  I  m.  in 
length.  A  very  noble  spe- 
des,  worthy  m  the  bouse 
of  Kumdl,  and  of  comme- 
mwating  the  publication 
of   the    Fmctum    Wobunt. 


■    FRUTICETUH   BHITANNICUM. 


1  48.  P.  Momtbbu'm*  Lamb.     Monteiuiiii'B,  or  tt*  rough-branckcii 
JUciican,  Pine. 

MemUHatitm.    £jBb.  Fin-.  L-  (.  tt.;  Pvnnr  Gvc,  vol.  IS.  _  ^         .    «  ..    . 

XafTOBAwi.    Lamb.  PlB.,  ad.  1..  1. 1  M.  I  uiil  oatMi.  18S1.  ind  liM.  Ihua  Lubot. 

Spec.  Char^  ^c.  Leares  in  fivea,  erect,  triquetroufl ;  sheaths  about  I  in.  long, 
pereiiteoL  Cone*  oblong,  about  9  in.  lonfc  tuberculate.  (Lamb.  Pw.)  A 
tail  tree.   Orizaba,  and  other  mouutaiiu  of  Ue»co,  to  the  heijjht  of  llOOit. 

1  P.  BL  2  Lmdia/i  (Jtg*.  1868.  and 
IS63„  &oai  ipedmens  aent 
borne  bjHartw^.) — Coneairith 
the  Bcalea  flattened,  or  very 
alightl;  tuberculated  at  the  tip. 
Found  on  the  road  to  Sumate, 
where  it  grows  from  40  (t.  to 
50  a.  high.  The  couea  of  P. 
Montezilni^,  which  were  dis- 
tributed   by   the   Horticultural 

Society  in  1839,  differ  so  much  ^ 

from   those   of  this  species  in  '' 

Mr.  Lambert's  possession,  and  :^ 

also  from  cones  sent  from 
Mexico  to  Mr.  Heacbroan,  that 
we  have  thought  it  advisable  to 
keep  them  distinct.  The  cones 
in  Mr.  Lambert's  possession  are 
much  tuberculatel,  as  are  also 
those  of  Mr.  Henchman  ;  white 

those  distributed  by  the  Hor-  '"^  r.  »i«i-ini.undit,.. 

ticulcural  Society  hare  the  tips  of  the  scales  almost  flat ;  and  there- 
fore we  have  thought  it  adnaable  to  mark  the  Horticultural  Society's 
plant  as  a  rariety,  till  something  more  is  known  respecting  it. 
A  tall  tree.   Brancblets  covered  with  thick  scabrous  bark.   Leaves  genemlly 
in  fives,  rarely  in  threes  or  fours;  stipulsr,  persistent,  lanceolate,  much  pointed, 


LXXVII.   COHI'FBB*:   PI  SU8. 


with  ciliated  koA  torn 
Bcaiee  ;  erect,  waved, 
somewhat  rigid,  tri- 
(]UBtroua,  calloui,  and 
mucroiuUe;  glaucotw 
green,  marked  with 
many  parallel  dotted 
lines  J  slightly  tnca- 
naliculate  above,  and 
flattigh  benesth ;  6  in. 
long ;  andes  crenu- 
lated,  and  scabroui : 
sheaUiB  1  in.  to  1-1  in. 
long,periiiitent :  S4^1es 
amentaceous,  ciliate 
end  torn  on  the  mar- 
is cylindri- 
cal, I  ]□■  long,  with 
many  imbricated,  oval, 
ciliated  scales  at  tbe 
base.  Appendage  to 
the  anthers  roundish. 


membranaceous  on  the 
roai^,  ton,  and  cre- 
nulMed.  Cones  ob- 
long, tubercled,  bright 
brown,  thicker  at  the 
base,  a  little  attenu- 
ated towards  tbe  apex, 
about  6  in.  long ;  scales 
elerated  at  the  apex, 
bluntly  tetragonal, 
truncate,  ve^  thick. 
(^Lamb.)  Hr.  Lam- 
bert says  :  "  Baron 
Humboldt  bag  re- 
ferred this  species 
to  PInus  occidentilis 
Saartx;  bat  I  have 
ventured  to  separate 
It,  as  the  size  of  tbe 
cones,  which  may,  in 
general,  be  relied  on 
M  indiostin^a  s(>edfic 
distinction  m  this  ge- 
nus, ditfen  so  mu(£." 
Those  described  by 
Swarti  are  only  S  in. 
'  as,  whereas  those 
\  Blonteiihiia  are 
more  than  double  that 
length.  Whether  this 
spedes  will  prove 
quite  hardy  in  British 

gardens  is  not,  as  fur  as  we  are  aware,  at  present  ascertained.  Something 
may  doubtless  be  accomplished  with  this  and  other  qiedes  by  grafting  on 
more  hardy  kinds. 


of'^.B 


ARBORETUM   ET    FROTICBTIIM   BRITANKICUM. 


fafnin^i. '  Ourjtp.  IWS,IMe.7roi 


''ll4  LindL     The  long-leared  Pin& 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  fives,  very  long.  Cones  straiffat,  horiiontali  ovat^ 
elongate,  solitaiy.  Scales  trwiBvene  at  apex,  rhomboidal,  maciuate.  Seed  s 
Eub-rtiamboidal,  rugose,  four  times  shorter  than  testsceous  wii^  {LindL) 
A  anmll  tree.  Mexico,  on  the  Ocotillo,  one  specimen  only  beiag  found,  of 
email  size.  Hraght  'r.  Introduced  in  IS39  by  cones  sent  home  by  Hanw^ 
from  which  plants  have  been  raised. 

Differs  from  F.  Russellnina  in  the  longer  leaves,  and  shorter  and  Btonter 
conee,  the  ends  of  the  scales  of  which  are  strongly  hooked  backwards,  thtj 
are  14  or  15  inches  long,  very  robust,  and  resemble  those  of  the  Pinister. 
The  cones  are  about  6  in.  long,  and  3  in.  broad  at  the  base ;  and  the  scales  are 
hooked  backwards  like  thosa  of  P.  Colilteri,  end  very  hard.  The  small  rise 
or  the  tree,  if  that  should  be  its  general  habit,  and  the  great  lengdi  of  iCa 
leaves,  would  seem  to  render  this  a  very  remariiable  species.  Young  plants 
have  been  raised,  but  whether  they  will  prove  hardy  is  uncertain. 


Lxxvii.  coni'f£r«:  pCvvs. 


ARBOSETUH    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBtTANNICUH. 


t  ii.  P.  Psbu'do-A'iio'bus  LindL     The  False- Strobua,  a> 
Kne. 

lA^igiaUm.    LiuU.  lDDot.Il<f.,UChroa.,  IBM.  KO.M. 
£urn6w'<    Oni  Jlgi.  IMT,  IMM.  frcm  ipsdnou  kdi  bnu  bf  Biiitw«(. 


Spec.ChaT.,^c.  Leaves  in  GTet,  very  slender,  glaucescent.  Cones  OTal, TETti- 
ci  I  late,  horizontal.  Scales  rhomboidal  at  apex,  pjramidal,  erect,  stra^htbh, 
with  a  transverne  elevated  line.  Seeds  oval,  four  or  five  times  riioiter  than 
the  blackish  wiug.  (lAndL)  A  tree.  Mexico,  at  Anganguco,  SOOOft. 
above  the  sea.  Height?.  Introduced  in  1839,  by  cones  sent  bomebj'Hait- 
weg,  from  which  mimj  plantfl  have  been  raised. 
The  leaves  are  five,  and  Blaucous  tike  those  of  the  Weymouth  pine;   but 

the  cones  diSbr  in  bdna  thickened  attbeapex,  in  the  manner  of  other  Mexican 

pines.     The  cones  are  between  4  and  5  inches  long,  by  1^  in.  in  diuueter   at 

the  middle,  pointed  and  curved. 

1  45.  P.  FlLlFO'l.ljl  I^ndL     The  thread-leaved  I4iie. 

Jittmtifitalkm.    LIndL  la  BM.  IIa»,  IMO.  H.  B.,  No.  IXL  1  OMii.  Mac..  ISIO,  p.  ce. 


i!^i«e.  £'ilar.,  rfc.  Branches  rigid,  thick.  Scales  of  the  bud  linear,  very 
acuminate,  and  with  ve^  long  cilis.  Leaves  in  fives,  very  long  (1^(1.) 
acutely  trianeular  ;  sheatns  long,  smooth,  persistent.  Cones  elongate,  ob- 
tuse, 7  or  8  inches  in  length ;  scales  with  lozenge-diaped,  depressed,  pyr^ 
midal  apices,  and  terminating  in  a  callous  obtuse  nmcro.  {Lindt.)  A  noble 
tree,  with  branches  as  stout  as  those  of  P,  austrilis  or  stouter.  Guatemala, 
on  Uie  Volcan  del  Fuego.  Introduced  in  1840  by  the  Horticultural  Society. 
H.  S. 

The  leaves  of  this  species  are  from  l!in.  to  13  or  li  inches  in  length, 
which  is  longer  than  those  of  any  other  pine  previously  discovered.  AInin- 
dance  of  plants  of  it  have  been  raised  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden, 
and  other  pieces ;  but  it  is  to  be  feared  that  they  will  not  prove  hardy  in 
the  climate  of  London. 


LxxTii.  comi'ferje:  pi^nus. 


LXXVll.   CONIFERJC:    PlVus. 


t  46.  P.  LBtoPBi'LLA  S<Me<U  et  Deppe  MSS.     The  Bmooth-leaved  Pine, 
nb.  Fb.,  ad.  1.,  I.  L  11. ;  frtaij  Cre..  rol,  IS. 

Sfmmrmt.    cfcou  ihtm,  A>  Vuito. 

fvvnhffv.  Lamb-  Pln,«d,  ^t  I- t-^l^i  Uldoarjtf.  IKII- 
Inm  LvBibwl't  iptto ;  and  Jiff.  ISN.  1B03-  fti>in  ■  Bp«- 


nncBte.  (Lamb.  Ph.)    ButI  closely  resembling 

J  (fig.  1861.  in  p.  994.).    Leaves,  in  the  Drop. 

il  Beaten  q)eci(neM,  Tram  S  in.  to  0  in.  in  length.  ver>-  slen- 


ARBOHETUH   ET   PtIUTICETUU   BRITANNICUH. 


The  Item  tad  old  wood 


buds.  A  lane  tree,  with  the 
hstat  oT  P.  Strdbiu,  but  not 
the  coaei  oT  that  «pet»ei. 
Mexico,     between     Cnii- 
blaDca  and    Jeladnga,    In 
the  cold  region,  7000  ft. 
abore  the    sea.      Height 
60  ft.   to    100  ft.      Intro- 
duced  ?  1800. 
Cones    were    exteiuirelr 
distributed  bj  the  Horticul- 
tural  Society  in  1S39.     The 
timber  is  said  to  be  valuable, 
but  to  reust  the  plane.    Mr. 
Lambert  sent  seeds  to  Drop- 
more,  where  there  are  three 
plants  raised  from  themi  one 
of  which  was,  in  1837,  6  ft. 
hi^,  and  had  stood  out  six 
years  without  any  protection ; 
and    two   others  IS  ft.  and 
14  ft.  high,  which  are  cotered 
every    winter    in    the    same 
manner  as  P.  longiBlia,  and 
which   have   been    more   in- 
jured than  those  which  were 
left  without  protection. 


c.  C^ar.,  4c.     Leaves  five  ii 


Lxxvii.  coni'fers:  pi^us. 

short,  broad  at  the  h««e,  and  pointed  at  tfae  ex- 
tremity. Scales  at  the  apex  tolerablv  elevated  and 
equa]-«>ded,  and  sometiiiiea  of  aD  irregular  fbur- 
comered  or  numy-coniered  Bfaape ;  elenited  bands 


run  from  the  middle  point  to  tbecornera.Bothat  the  whole  wex  of  the  ica 
look)  eli^tly  pfnuDidal.  Cones  SJin.  to  Uin.  lotiR,  and  l}in.  to  8  i 
broad.  (S<AUcif.)  A  tree.  Mexico.  Hei^t  30  R.  to  40  ft.  lotrod.  1B39,  ar 


rather  tender  in  Briti«b  gardens. 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUH  BRITANNICUH. 

I  46.  P.  apvlcb'ksis  Lindl.    The  Apuloo  Pine. 

I.U.  Cbm 


Lxxvii.  coni'feilb:  pi'nub.  1015 

Spte.  Oar^  ^c.  Lmvm  in  fives, 
slender,  iliort.  Branches  glaucoua 
Cones  pendulous,  Tcrticillate,  ovate, 
acute.  Scales  rhomboidal,  pyra- 
midal,  strtiigfat,  wmetbnes  prolonged 
and  contracted  in  the  middle.  Seeds 
oval,  four  times  shorter  than  the 
linear  wing.  (Lindl.)  A  tree. 
Heiico,  near  Apulco,  in  Tarioea. 
H^C  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1S39, 
b;  cones  sent  home  by  Hartweg, 
from  which  many  plants  have  been 


with  py  amidal  elevations,  which  i.  _ 
sometimes  prolonged  and  contracted  in 
the  middle,  especially  those  near  the 
points  of  the  cones,  readily  distinguish 
this  Irom  all  other  species.  The  leaves 
are  6  in.  lon^.  The  cones  ere  about 
4  in.  long,  being  rather  larger  than  a 
hen's  egg  i  the  backs  of  the  scales  ere 
sometimes  prolonged  into  a  hook,  par- 
dcularly  those  nearest  the  base  and  the 

b.  Nativei  of  the  Wril  Iiidie: 

t  49.  P.  occidbnta'lis  Swariz.     The 

Woit-Ituliaa  I^ue. 


Konlh  N.  0«..  S.  PL  *.;  LlimiH,  tdL  T.p.TB.) 

LUOb.  PIlL,  Cd-  3.,  1. 1-  tL 

atmmama.    P.llMtAi^uti,*x^  Flmm.  Cal.n.t 
Urii  uotrtdu  Aan.  Imil.  IM.  i   OcoM, 

XtwraAwt    Lunb.  Pln.-ail.  i..  I- 1.  IS.  i  N.  Da 

^>ee.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  fives,  pale 
green,  slender ;  sheaths  persistent. 
Cones  conical,  half  the  length  of  the 
leaves;  scales  thickened  at  the  apex, 
with  very  small  mucros.  {Lot.)  St. 
Domingo,  in  the  quarter  of  Saint 
Suzanne,  on  mountains  where  snow 
occasionally  falls ;  and  where  it  grows 
to  the  hdght  of  from  25  ft.  to  30  ft., 
with  leaves  6  in.  long,  of  a  fine  green, 
and  cones  somewbst  larger  than 
those  of  P.  sylv&tris, 
A  very  doubtful  species,  but  we  have 

retwned    it,   as   we   have  done  some 
othen  of  the  same  kind. 

3t  4 


1016  ARBORETUM  £T  FRUTICETUM   BRITAKNICUM. 

B.  Cones  with  the  Scales  not  thickened  at  the  Apex. 

a.  Natives  of  Europe  and  Siberia, 

t  50.  P.  CEfMBRA  L.    The  Cembran  Pine. 

IdentifiaMm.    Lin.  Sp.  Fl.,  1419. ;  PalL  Fl.  Rom.,  1 .  p.  8. 

Synonfftneg.  P.  A1U«  quhiU,  Ac,  Qmel.  Sib.  1.  p.  179. ;  P.  nilrm  Amm.  EtOk.  p.  ITS. ;  P.  tyhrH- 
tris,  ftc,  Bamk.  Pirn.  491.;  P.  •▼iT^strl*  Ctmbro  Cam.  BplL  p.  42.;  Lirix  flemperrlreiii,  Ac.. 
Brqfn.  In  Act  HuL  Cur.  Cent.  7,8.  i  Pinirter  Aleito,  Ac..  Beii.  Omffer.  p.  90.  b.  Si. ;  7V*da 
Arbor,  Cimtro  Italdnim,  Dale  Hiat.  1.  p.  47. ;  Aphemoiull  Pine,  five-IeaTed  Pine,  the  Siberian 
Stone  Pine,  the  Swlw  Stone  Pine ;  Aroiet,  Ai  Safvy  ;  Aivles.  I»  BwUaertamdi  Cembra,  te  Dtm- 
fikinS  /  Cetnbrot,  Eonre,  Tinier,  IV. ;  ZiirbelkieCBr,  Qer. ;  Pino  Zimbro,  Bal ;  Kedr,  Smu.  (see 
Pali.  FL  Mou.) 

Engravimgg.  Pall.  Ron.,  1.  t  S. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  S.,  1.  t.  SO,  81. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arte. 
Brit,  1ft  edit.,  vol.  vltL  ;  our  Jig.  1905.  to  oar  uaiul  icalc^  J^<.  190S.  to  1904.  of  the  natural  sixe, 
all  Aom  Dropmore  •pecimeni. 

Spec,  Char,f  4^c.  Leaves  in  fives  ;  sheaths  deciduous.  Clones  ovate,  erect, 
about  as  lone  as  the  leaves,  and  having,  when  young,  the  scales 
pubescent ;  Uie  wings  of  the  seed  obliterated  ;  anthers  having  a 
kidney-shaped  crest.  Buds,  in  the  Dropmore  specimens, 
from  J  in.  to  (^  in.  broad ;  globose,  witn  a  long  narrow 
point ;  white,  and  without  resin ;  not  surrounded  by 
smaller  buds  (see  J!g,  1902. ).  Cones  about  3  in.  long,  and 
2i  in.  broad.  Scales  1  in.  long,  and  about  the  same  width 
in  the  widest  part.  Seed  larger  than  that  of  any  other 
European  species  of  JPinus,  except  P,  Pfnea,  (in.  long,  and 
^  in.  broad  in  the  widest  part,  somewhat  triangular,  and 
wedgeHshaped ;  without  wings,  probably  from  abortion  ;  and 
havinff  a  very  hard  shell,  containing  an  eatable,  oily,  white 
kem^  agreeable  to  the  taste.  Cotyledons  11  to  13  (see 
Jig.  1903.).  A  taU  tree.  Switzerland  and  Siberia.  Hei^t  50  ft. 
to  80  ft.  Introduced  in  1746.  It  flowers  in  May,  and  ripens  its 
cones  in  the  November  of  the  following  year.  ^^^^ 

VarieHet, 

1  P.  C.  1  sibirica.  P.  CSmbra  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1837 ;  Kedr,  PalL  ; 
Cedar  of  some  authors  ;  the  Siberian  Stone  Pine,  or  Siberian  Cedar, 
Hort, — The  cones  are  said  to  be  longer,  and  the  scales  larger,  than 
in  the  Swiss  variety ;  the  leaves  are,  also,  rather  shorter ;  and  the 
plant  b  of  much  slower  growth  in  England. 

1  P.  C.  2  pygntiEi^a,  P,  C.  piimila  Pall,  Rou, ;  Slanez,  Ruts.  —  Ac- 
cording to  Pallas,  the  trunk  of  this  variety  does  not  exceed  2  in.  in 
thickness,  and  it  is  rarely  above  6  ft.  in  height ;  the  branches  being 
not  more  than  1  in.  in  diameter.  Some  specimens  are  much  lower 
in  height,  prostrate,  and  shrubby. 

t  P.  C.  S  helvetica  Lodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836.  The  Swiss,  Cembran,  or  Stone^ 
Pine.  —  Cones  short  and  roundish,  with  close  scales ;  and  the 
plants  of  more  vigorous  growth  than  the  Siberian  variety;  the 
wood,  also,  is  sud  to  be  more  fragrant.  This  is  much  the  com- 
monest form  of  P.  Cembra  in  British  gardens. 

In  England,  P.  Cembra  is  an  erect  tree,  with  a  straight  trunk  and  a  smooth 
bark.  When  standine  singly,  it  is  regularly  furnished  to  the  summit  with 
whorls  of  branches,  which  are  more  persistent  than  the  branches  of  most 
other  species  of  i^bi^tinae.  The  leaves  are  from  3  to  5  in  a  sheath,  thre&- 
ribbed  ;  the  ribs  serrated,  one  of  them  green  and  shining,  and  the  other  two 
white  and  opaque.  In  most  species  of  pine,  it  has  been  observed  that  during 
winter  the  leaves  incline  more  towards  the  shoots  which  produce  them 
than  in  summer,  as  if  to  prevent  the  snow  from  lodging  on  them  ;  and  this  is 
said  to  be  much  more  conspicuously  the  case  with  the  leaves  of  P.  CenJfra 
than  with  those  of  any  other  species.  The  male  catkins  are  red,  and  appear 
at  the  base  of  the  young  shoots.  According  to  Lambert,  the  flowers  have  a 
more  beautiful  appearance  than  in  any  other  species  of  pine,  being  of  a  bright 
)urple ;  and  the  unripe  full-grown  cones,  he  says,  have  a  bloom  upon  them 
ike  that  of  a  ripe  Orleans  plum.     The  tree  is  of  remarkably  slow  growth  in 


I 


LXXVII.    CONlPER£:    PI  NUB. 


erery  stage  of  its  progreM,  more  especially  wheD  joung ;  seldom  adrencing 

more,  even  in  rich  soils,  than  1  ft.  in  a  jeai.     Tfae  wood  of  P.  Cembra  is  very 

■oft ;  and  its  grain  is  so  fine,  that  it  is  scarce);  perceptible.   It  is  very  resinous, 

which  is  the  cause  of  its  agreeable  fia^raoce.     It  is 

not  commonly  lar^  enough  to  be  used  id  carpentry ;   , 

but  in  joinery  it  is  of  great  value,  as  It  is  remarkably 

easf  to  be  worked,  and  is  of  great  durability.     Id 

SwUzerland,  it  is  Tery  much  used  by  tumeis ;  and 

the  shepherda   of  the   8wiu   Cantons,   and   (^  the 

Tyrol,  occupy  thdr  leisure  hours  in  carving  out  of  it 

numerous  curious  little  figures  of  men  and  animals, 

which  they  sell  in  the  towns,  and  which  have  found 

their  way  all  over  Europe.     The  wood  is  much  used 

for  wainscoting;  haviug  not  onlj^  an  agreeable  li^l 

brown  appearance,  but  retaining  its  odour,  according 

to  Kaithofer,  for  centuries.  In  Switzerland,  the  seeds 

are  used  in  some  places  as  food,  and  in  others  as  an 

article  of  luxury.      "Hiaugh  the  Cembran  pine  will 

grow  in  the  poorest  soils,  and  in  the  most  elevated 

and  exposed  situations,  wh«re  no  other  pine  or  fir 

will  uist,  yet  it  will  not  grow  rapidly,  except  in  a  im.'.  p.  u^h^ 


1018  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANHICUU. 

free  Eoil,  somewhat  deep,  and  with  %  dry  subooiL  All  the  Tsrietiea  arc  tKo- 
pagated  from  imported  »eeda,  ohich  may  be  eowq  b  the  Bame  autumn  in  which 
they  are  receiv«l  i  or,  perhaps,  kept  in  a  rot  heap  for  a  year,  as  ihey  lie  two 
winters  and  one  summer  in  the  ground  before  germinating.  The  phiots  grow 
exceedingly  slowly  for  4  or  5  years,  seldom  attaining  in  that  period  a  greater 
height  than  from  1  ft.  to  8  ft.  When  they  ore  to  be  remoTed  to  any  distaoce, 
they  are  best  kept  in  pots  ;  but,  the  roots  being  amall  and  numerous,  lal;gB 
plants  of  P.  Cimbra  traniiplHit  better  (when  they  are  not  to  be  carried  to  too 
great  a  disCaoce)  than  most  other  ipecies  of  i^nua. 
b.  NalitKI  ofXorlA  America. 
i  51.  p.  A'Bo'Btis  L.     The  Strobus,  or  tVeymimth,  Pine. 

Ummialltn.    Un.  Sp.  PI.,  UI9. ;  Punh  Tl.  An»r.  Ecrt'.  >- J>-  ***■ 

Stmotifma.    F.  PMII  quinit,  ftc..  Qnia.   rfrf.  t.  p.  Ill  i  /.  cunttiula  qidngndbVl  Dm  B^ 

Envlud  PbK^irbil*  flat.  Pumpkin  Fine,  Appla'Pim,  BnpUnf  Plne,^fiHr.  i  Pin  da  Lend,  Pla 
du  l4rd  Wwmonlli,  ft-- 
Si^TBTtrnti.    Mlebi.  N.  Aner,  Sjl.,9.  1,  lU-i  Ih*  ^ila  of  Ihii  tnt  Is  Artk  BilL,  IB  edit.,  nl. 

tIU.  ;  luxl  BurJIf.  1M&  to  IMS.  tiou  ipiKlmBii  mm  Wfaluoi. 
S^tec.  Char.,  ^r.      LeaTes   slender,   without   sheaths.      Male  catkins  stmU. 
Cone  cyliadrical,  long,  end  pendulous,  (^iTtchx.)     Buds  from  -^ in.  to  )  in. 
long,  and  from.^in,  to  .^in.  bro«d;  ovate,  pomted,  and  slightly  rednoui; 

1  surrounded  by  one  or  two  small 
buds.  (See^.  1906.)  LeaTeafrom 
3  in.  to  3)  in.  long.  Cone  (seej^. 
1908.)  from  &  in.  to  6  in.  long,  and 
I  
f 


I    from   Uin-  to   1)  in.  broad,  o 


peduncle  \  in.  long  ;  scales  (see 
I  M-  1907.)  \\  in.  long,  and  from 
'  ■  ■  ■  fin.  broad.  Seed  A  in. 
[  -^  in.  broad ;  obovate, 
pointed  below,  with  a  wing  which, 
including  the  seed,  is  about  1  in. 
long,  and  }  in.  broad,  in  the  widest  part. 
Cotyledons  6  to  10.  A  large  tree.  Ca- 
nada to  Virginis,  in  fertile  soil  on  the 
sides  of  hills.  Height  SO  11.  to  80  ft., 
rarely  150ft.  Introduced  in  I70S.  Flow- 
ering in  April,  and  ripening  its  cones  in 
October  of  the  second  year. 

1  P.  8,  2  ilha  Hort.  — Leaves  and 
bark  much  whiter  than  the  species. 
Horticultural  Sodety, 

1  F,  S.  3   brevifiha   Hort.  —  Le&vea 

t  P.  S.  4  ctm^riua 
Booth.  P.  S.  n6va 
Lodd.  Cat.  ed,  1636; 
FloetbeckWej-mouth 
Pine.  —  Also  much 
shorter  in  the  leaf, 
and  probably  the 
same  as  P.  S.  brevi- 
fdlia. 
The  wood  of  this  tree 

is  remarkably  white  whea 

newly  sawn  into  planks  ; 

whence  the  common  Ame- 
iwrr.  r.  SDMai.      rican  Dame  for  it  of  white 


Lxxvii.  coniverjb:  pi^hcs.  1019 

pine.  The  rate  of  growth  in  Brilair  ii,  except  in  very  favourable  lituations, 
■lower  than  thmt  of  most  European  pines.  rleTertheleM,  in  the  climate  of 
London,  it  wiil  attain  the  height  of  18  or  13  feet  in  10  years  from  the  teed. 
When  planted  singlj,  like  most  other  pines,  it  forms  a  branchy  head;  but, 
when  drawn  up  among  other  trees  of  the  same  species,  it  has  as  clear  a 
trunk  in  Britain  as  in  America.  The  wood  is  more  employed  in  America 
than  that  of  any  other  pine,  serving  exclusively  for  the  masts  of  the  numerous 
vessels  constructed  in  the  northern  and  middle  states.  The  soil  and  situation 
ou^t  to  be  favourable,  otherwise  the  tree  will  not  thiive.  Seeds  are  procured 
in  abundance ;  and  the  plants,  when  sown  in  spring,  come  up  the  nrst  year, 
and  may  be  treated  in  the  nursery  like  those  of  the  Scotch  pine. 

i  fiS.  p.  {S.)  Lambirt/^Vj  Dwigl.    The  gigantic,  or  Lamberfa,  I^ne. 

■■  DDi«l.lBLliLTnu,19.p.W0.;L,^b. 


SocMi'i  Oudan. 
Spec,  dor.,  ic.      Leaves  in   fives,   rigid,  j 
Duehish  ;   deaths  ver^  short.      Cones 


I 


specimen  from  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  I  in.  long,  and 
{tin.  broad;  roundish,  pointed,  and 
with  3  smaller  buds.  (8e«  J!g, 
1909.)  Leaves  8}  in.  to  3  in. 
long;  in  Douglas's  spedmens.Uin. 
and  S  in.  long.  Cones  from  I  i  in. 
to  1 6  in.  long,  and  said  to  be  some- 
times 16  in.  long,  and  4  in.  in  di- 
widest  part ;  scales 
long. 


l|in.  wide,  and  nearly  Sin.  long.     Seed 

large,  oval,  %  in.  long,  r— ' '  ■  *  '- 

broad  ;  dark  brown ;  «i 


large,  oval,  %  in.  long,  and  nearly  \  Id. 
broad  ;  dark  brown;  wing  darit  brown. 
and,  with  the  seed,  l]in.  long,  and  (in 


broad  in  the  widest  part.  A  gigantic  tree.  Celifofnia,  upon  low  hills,  east 
of  the  range  of  the 
Hocky  Mountains,  co- 
veriiw  large  districts. 
Height  ISOfLtoSOOfL 
rarely  S15  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1SS7.      It'-- 


north-west  coast  of 
North  America,  where 
it  was  discovered  by 
Mr.  Douglas  ;  and  in- 
troduced into  England 
in  18S7. 


The  species  to  which 
this  pine  is  most  nearly 
allied,  Douglas  observes, 
is  undoubtedly  P.  Strd- 
bus,  from  which,  how- 
extremely 
Lation,  haHt, 


ABBORETUH  ET  FRUTICETUM  BBITAHNICUM. 


and  parts  of  fructlii  cation.  Plants  were  raised  of  this  species  in  the 
Horticultunil  Society's  Oarden  in  1B87,  and  distributed  in  the  followii^ 
year ;  but  it  is  remarkable  that  the  greater  part  of  them  have  since  died, 
generally  when  they  were  about  4  or  5  feet  in  height.  Notwithstanding  this, 
the  species  does  not  appear  to  be  much  more  tender  than  P.  Strobus.  The 
resin  which  exudes  from  the  trees,  when  they  are  partly  burned,  iosea  its 


LXXTII.    com  FERS  !    PI'nUS.  1021 

ububI  flBTOur,  and '  acquirea  a  sweet  taste ;  in  which  state  it  is  UBcd  by  the 
natives  as  sugar,  being  mixed  with  their  food.  The  seeds  are  eaten  roasted, 
or  are  pounded  into  coarae  cakes  for  thdr  winter  store.    H.  8. 

I  53.  P.  (S.)  HONTi'cou  Doagl.     The  Mountain,  or  ihort-teaoed 
Weymouth,  Hne. 

k  t.  87.;  UHl  ourj^j,  1913^  ud  LVU.  from  Doailu't  ipccinivni  la  lbs 


Society's  Garden, 
sntall,  resembling 
those  of  P.  Lam- 
bcrtiiina.  Leaves 
from  3}in.  to4in. 
long,  without  the 
Hheaths.  Cone, 
trom  Souglal's 
specimen,  7  in. 
long,  and  1}  in. 
broad;  rather  ob- 
tuse at  the  point : 
scales  Jin.  broad 
at  the  widest  part, 
and  from  1 )  in.  to 
S  in.  loQ^,  and  co- 
vered with  resin. 
Seed  small,  .ft  in- 
long,  and  X  in. 
broad  ;  with  the 
wing,  1|  in.  lon^ 
and  }  in.  broad. 
Cotyledons,  ?.  A 
tree-  WA  moun- 
tains, at  the  Grand 
Rapids  of  the  Co- 
lumtna  river ;  and 
in  California,  on 
the  rocky  banks  of 
the  SpoRRn  river. 
Height  (7).  Intro- 
duced in  183I;but 
there  are  only  very 
small  plants  in  | 
England.  < 

Except  b  its  much 
shorter  and  smoother 
leaves,  this  spei^es 
differs  but  little  from 
P.  Arobus,  of  which 
it  may  prove  to  be 
only  a  variety  ;  but, 
until  an  opportunity 


the  male  catkins, 


a 


1028  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BBITANNICUM. 

ascertaining  other  p*rt«ulan,  it  is  ».._._ 
beat  to  keep  it  distiiieL  Jud^ng  from  tbe 
appearance  of  the  ■peomeiui  sent  hone  l^ 
Doui^as,  the  tree  must  abound  in  resiD. 
Among  Douglas's  Bpedntens,  there  is  a  tb- 
riely  with  red  cones,  from  which  no  plants 
have  yet  been  raised. 


%  Oiarkwali  Lmnihlu,  B 
lull,  or  KluoT -Ihv  Flrl, 

Zub.Fln.,  1.  LSI.;  our  A.  1»B, 
to  our  iHiul  lals,  awl  JIft.  Wi.  I91& 
■SIT.  oT  Ilia  nu.  ilia,  traa  W^llcta, 
l^bert,  and  trttm  llrlag  ipedmen*. 
Spec.  Char.,fyc.    Leaves  in  fives. 
very  low,  and  lender,  loose, 
Crest  ofthe  anthers  roundish, 
truncate  i  nmpte,  lacO' 
rated.     Cones  cylindri- 
cal, smooth,  penduloiu 
longer  than  the  leaves. 
{Wail.}     Buds,  on  th< 
I  tree  in  the  Horticultu- 
ral   Society's    Garden, 
i  in.    long   and   ^  in. 
broad  ;    conical,    witli 
strai^t      sides,      and 
,„5.    pointed.    (Fig.  1915.; 
Leaves  rather  more  thai 
6  in.  long.     Cone  B  in.  long 
and  2  in.  broad,  with  a  foot 
stalk   I  in.  long;  scale   l}in 
\oaf,  and  1^  in.  broad.  Seed 
■^in.  long,  and  {in.  broad 
with   the  wing,   1}  in.   long 
and  }  in,  broad.   A  laree  tret 
Nepal,  on  mountains.  Heigh 
90  ft-  to  ISO  ft.     Introduce 
in  less.     It  flowers  in  Maj 
and  ripens  its  cones  in   th 
autumn  of  the  second  year. 


LXxvii.  comi'febk-:  pi'nus. 


Ptaua  exc^Ua,  tSt. 
Lambert  obBerres,  uv 
proaches  aa  near  in 
tialrit,  and  in  the  atiape 
otita  cones,  b)  P.  Sad' 
bus,  that,  were  it  not 


for    the  simple,   raund, 

membranaceous  crest  of 

the  anthen,  it  would  be 

almost  impossible  to  dis- 

tinguiah    them    specifi- 

tally.     The  leaves  are  ""■  '-"•^•"'^ 

longer  than  in  P.  A:r6bus,  and  the  conea  are  thicker.     Dr.  Royle  makei  a 

similar  remnric  S4  to  the  resemblance  of  thin  tree  to  P.  Arbbus,  and  adds 

"  that  it  is  remarksble  for  its  drooping  branches,  whence  it  Is  frequently  called 

the  '  weeping  fir,' by  trsvellm  in  the  Himalayas,"     The  rate  of  growth  of  this 

tree,  in  the  climate  of  London,  appears  to  be  nearly  the  same  as  that  of  P. 

Strips,  and  it  seans  equally  hardy. 

*  55.  P.  Ayacjbvi^ts  C.  Ehreab.    The  Ajacahuite  Pine. 


wni  [iDm«  bf  Hutmf . 

^>ec,  CAar.,  Sfc.  Leaves  in  Gves,  on 
small  spur-like  protubentnces,  which, 
when  very  close  together,  make  the 
twig  look  stunted  and  Tcry-crooked. 
Leaves  from  S  in.  to  4  in.  long,  and 
about  i  of  a  line  ImMd ;  flat  on  the 
back,  but  with  a  sharp  projecting 
keel-hke  midrib,  and  two  furrows. 
Hie  leaves  are  whitish  when  young, 
with  aharo  thickenod  small  teetb, 
not  very  close  together,  in  the  mar- 
gin towards  the  p<unts.  Cones 
more  tiian  1  ft.  long,  and  3  in.  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  tapering 
towards    tbe   point ;    some   much 


1024  ARBORETUM   ET   FKUTtCBTUU   BRtTANMtCUH. 


Lxxvii.  com'reRS:  ^^bi£8. 


bent  down- 
wardB ;  the  rhomboidal 
giirbce  is  much  longer 
thtm  it  it  broad,  inter- 
sected b^  many  wrinkles 
lengthwue,  of  a  dull 
sreeniBh  and  yellowish 
brown  colour.  Seed 
winged,  1  in.  lon^  and 
from  6  to  18  linesDroad 
at  the  top,  where  it  is 
broadeat.  It  is  small 
in  proportioii  to  the 
cone.  The  wing  haa 
almost  the  appearance 
of  the  upper  wiius  of 
man;  small  moths,b«i« 
browoish,  with  dork 
■tripes  running  tength- 
wiae.  (ScU^.)  A 
large  tree.  Mexico,  at  / 
Omitlan,  near  Hacienda  1 
de  Guerrero,  and  other 

eices.  Height  100  ft. 
trod,  to  iC  8.  Oard. 
in  1840  b;  Hortweg. 
A  great  deal  of  renn 
emides  &on)  the  whole 
cone,  as  in  PinuB  Ar6bus, 
to  ffhicb  this  species  is 
nearly  allied;  but  it  differs 
in  the  ^bts  of  the  scales, 
which  u  this  qtedes  ate 
beat  downwardi,  whereas 
in  P.  Ardhtu  thev  are 
blDDtljr  rounded,  oMiiae; 
-and  sMad  upright. 


ifflBSGQ 


S  D.  Don.    TaB  Spbuob  Fir.    La,  ^tt.  Honoe'da  Honad^lphia. 

1 JM.    D.  Don  la  LuBb.  nn..  ml.  tlL 

%w>nrMi*.  Fiam  tt  l,\a.  nd  oOin.  !■  put  i  Ptaa  tiilk  Id  AHimi.  IXmlg.  dhti.  WlaemL 
&Tnia.p.in.tDrlssr,(lhaioilatie>lMUHillTvat  J'U<*.uidlta*^oc«flri>lcwi  bulibr 
•DBia  ludT*it««,  I  Iniiaiii  miiml  tbtw  iuibm  :  PietaHT  Lbik  hH  nMond  them  In  Dm 
Hwsimed.  tmwthmBotltaa^hllt  •MhMsIo  dapnttRm  IbcoutDBury  nmntnclalon, 
hf  AQawinc  bin)  t  jfUa  of  Tooni.,  lim,  lad  otbvt,  ka  part  i  no*  of  Itaa  incieau  i  ^In 
tpin^n'.iFlcliUDtaiiiB.On-.i  jlbiU.  lul.  i  AblMa,  jpat. 
DmwMllim.    Prom  ■!».  (a  tIh  1  (UodiiiaUtliaiivMiiBhiiblt  ortmvthorUw  tm:  or,  accordlnc 

u  HUH,  ttma  ■v'h.  1  pHi  In*  1  Id  aUukm  u  tb*  tarn  of  iba  (tmU. 
Gen.  Oior.  The  same  as  f^nus :  but  with  the  conn  pendent,  and  less  de- 
cidedlji  grouped  ;  the  iltobilet  cjlindricallj'  conical ;  the  carpeli  not  thick- 
ened at  the  tip;  and  the  letaxi  aobtmry,  partially  scattered  in  insertion,  and 
more  or  less  pranked  in  directioD.  Carpel*  and  braeteta  adhering  to  the 
axis  of  the  strobiles.  (D.  Don.) 


1026  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Leava  simple,  3-rowed,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  linear.  Fhwen  in  cat* 
kins,  the  males  ^'ellowish. —  Trees  evergreen ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and 
America ;  remaiicable  for  their  tall,  erect,  pyramidal  forms,  and  profusion 
of  foliage.  One  or  more  species  are  useful,  and  the  rest  omamentaL  In 
Britain,  they  flower  in  May  and  June,  and  ripen  their  cones  in  the  spring  of 
the  following  year.  Ail  the  species  bear  seeds  at  a  comparatively  earl^  age  ; 
and  all  of  them  may  be  readily  propagated  bjr  cuttings  taken  off  in  the 
spring,  according  to  I)umont  I^  Courset ;  or  m  autumn,  according  to  the 
practice  of  British  gardeners.  All  the  species  hitherto  introduced  are  quite 
nardy  in  British  ga^ens. 

Our  arrangement  of  the  species  in  British  gardens  is  as  under :  — 
§  i.     Leaves  tetragonal,  awl-shaped,  scattered  in  insertion. 
A.  Natives  of  Europe  and  the  Cauoatui* 
I.  exc^lsa.  2.  orientalis.  3.  obovlita. 

B.  NattvcM  of  North  America, 
4*.  61ba.  5.  nigra,  6.  (n.)  rdbra. 

C.     Natke  of  Nepal,     7.  Khutrow. 
$  ii.    Leaves  flat,  generally  glaucous  beneath,  imperfectly  2-rowed. 

D.  Natives  of  North  America, 

8.  Douglasti.  9.  Menzidsti.  10.  canadensis. 

E.     Native  of  Nepak     \  1.  dumdsa. 

§  i.  Leaves  tetraffonalj  awUshapedi  scattered  in  insertion. 

A.  Natives  of  Europe  and  the  Caucasus, 
t  \,  A,  bxcb'lsa  Dec,    The  lofly,  or  Norway,  Spruce  Fir. 

TdetU^fieatitm.    Dec.  Fl.  Fr.,  8. }  Poir.  Diet.  Encrc.,  &_p.  618. ;  N.  Da  Ham.,  6.  p.  889. 

Synomimet.  A,  commOnit  Hort. ;  if 'Ues  Ploea  Mitt,  DM,  No.  8. ;  Ptaai  SXAm  Xm.  Sp.  PL  1481. ; 
P.  Pfcea  Du  Rot  Harbk.  «d.  Pott.,  8.  p.  106. ;  P.  exc^u  Lam,  Fi.  Ft.  9A.\.  8. jk  908. :  jPIom 
▼nigliil*  Link  In  Abktmd.  p.  180. ;  common  Spruce,  Pnueian  Fir ;  fiuix  Senin,  J^pleee,  Seplii- 
PetM,  Serente,  Sapin  gentll,  Plnene,  Fir. ;  Lafle,  hi  the  Fogges ;  (emeine  roCne  Tenn^  geneiiie 


roMfj 
flchte,  Oer, ;  PeiBO,  Abete  dj  Germahia,  or  di  Norregla,  Aol. 
Snp-avhut.    Lamb,  rin.,  ed.  8.,  1.  t.  35. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  6.  t.  80.  {  the  platet  tf  tiilt  tree  In  Art». 
Brit,  m  edit.,  toI.  tU!.  ;  and  our  ^,  1988. 

Spec.  Char,,  fc.  Leaves  scattered,  quadrangular.  Cones  cylindrical,  terminal, 
pendent ;  scales  naked,  truncate  at  the  summit,  flat.  Crest  of  the  anthers 
rounded.  (Lois.)  Cone  from  5 in.  to  Tin.  long,  and  from  1^  in.  to  Sin. 
broad  ;  scale  from  1  in.  to  1^  in.  long,  and  from  ^in.  to  }in.  broad.  Seed 
very  small,  scarcely  ^  in.  long,  and  ^  in.  broad  ;  with  the  wing,  4  in.  lon^ 
ancf  i  in.  broad.  Cotyledons  7  to  9.  A  lofty  tree.  North  of  Europe, 
more  particularly  Norway.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Cultivated  since  1646. 
It  flowers  in  May ;  its  cones  are  ripened  in  the  sprim^  of  the  following  year, 
soon  after  which  they  commence  snedding  their  see£. 

Varieties, 

1  A.  ^.  1  communis.  The  common  Spruce,  or  White  Fir  of  Norway. — 
The  folia^  is  shorter,  more  slender,  and  lighter-coloured,  than  in 
the  followmg  form  ;  though  the  difl^rence  may  be  in  part  owing  to 
soil  and  situation, 
t  A.  e.  2  mgra.  The  black-leaved  Spruce,  or  Red  Fir  of  Norway.  — 
There  is  a  tree  in  Studley  Park,  known  there  as  the  black  spruce,  of 
which  a  portrait  is  given  in  Arb,  Brit,^  1st  edit.,  vol.  vuL  Ld  the 
foliage,  it  answers  to  the  description  given  of  the  red  fir  of  Norway ; 
its  leaves  being  very  thick,  strong,  and  dark-coloured  ;  its  bark  red ; 
and  its  cones  longer  than  those  of  the  common  spruce.  The  leaves, 
in  the  specimen  sent  to  us,  are  1^  in.  in  length  ;  and  the  cones  from 
5^  in.  to  6  in.  long,  and  from  1^  in.  to  1^  in.  broad.    The  scales  (see 


LXXVII.    CONI  FERJC  ;    ^^BIES.  1027 

Jig.  10£2.)  are  much  more  pointed  thao  diose  of  the 

cominon  spruce,  and  longer. 
2   A.  «.  3  aoT>&lica.   A.  carp&ticB  Hurt,  —  This  variety 

bM  vigorous  shoots,  and  foliage  a»  dense  and  long 

ai  that  of  the  preceding,  but  lifter. 
t   A    ff,  i  pSruluia.   A.  conimiima  p&nduit.  Soolh.  —  Du-  i 

tingoished  from  the  species  by  the  drooping  habit  of 

its  branches;  and  also  by  the  darker  glossy  green 

colour,  and  greater  length,  of  its  leaves. 
I   A.  e.  5fiBu  vanegdtit.  —  Leavea  blotched  with  yellow, 

and  a  more  compact  dwarC'growing  tree  then  the 

•  A.  «.  6  Clanbnuiliiaa.  —  A  low,  compact,  round  bush,    !»«.  j.>.U(n. 

seldom  seen  hi^er  than  3  or  4  feet,  and  never,  that 
we  have  heard  of,  producing  nther  male  or  female  blossoms.     The 
annual  shoots  are  from  1  in.  to  4  in.  in  length  ;  the  leaves  from  i  in, 
to  i  in.  long,  and  thor  colour  is  lifter  than  in  the  species. 
»  A.  e.7  ClaninuiiiAiia  itricta.  —  More  erea  than  the  preceding  variety, 

■  A.  r.  8  pygma'a.  A.  niUia  in  the  UorticulturHl  Society's  Garden  ;  A. 

elegaiis  SniUA  of  Ayr.  —  Dwarfer  than  A.  e.  Clanbrosiliaiu. 

■  A.  «.  0  lemdjolia.  A.  tenuifolia  Smilh  of  Ayr. — Very  slender  leaves 

and  shoots. 
f  A.  «.   10  gigaitlca.  A.  gigant&>  Smilh  of  Ayr.  —  Leaves  rather  larger 
and  stronger  than  those  of  the  species. 

•  A.  ?.   11  mnaitrdta.  A.  monstrdsa  Hort. —  Shoots  and  teavei  thicker 

than  those  of  the  iq>ecies,  with  few  or  no  lateral  branches. 

•  A.  e.  19  mucronala   Hort.  —  Leaves  disposed  on  the  braocbes  like 

those  of  Arauciria  imbricata.    The  only  plant  that  we  know  of  is  ui 
the  nursery  of  the  Grand  Trianon.  (See  Gard.  Mag.  for  1841.) 
Other  VaeitHet  may  be  found  in  the  nurseries  and  in  books;  for  the  tree  is 
very  liable  to  sport,  both  in  its  branches  and  in  the  seed  bed.     Bosc  mentions 
a  variety  which  had  been  sent  to  him  from  the  Vosges,  with  the  leaves  flatter 
and  more  pointed  than  the  common  spruce,  and  with  different  cones.     Hayes 
■peaks  of  a  seminal  variety  of  the  spruce,  which  has  been  denominated  the 
long-coned  Cornish  fir.  the  cones  being  frequently  nearly  1  ft.  long;  and  of 
which,  in  theyear  1790,  there  was  a  fine  tree  in  the  park  of  Avondale,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow.  (Prod,  Trcat„  p.  165.)    J^us  viminiilis  Abireem.,the 
Hdngetonne  (weeping  fir)  of  Sweden,  with  long  slender  pendulous  leafless 
twigs,  is  frequently  Ibund  there  in  fir  woods  (see  Lmi,  Abhaad.,  p.  IBS.), 
but  has  not  yet  been  introduced.      There  is  h  very  beautilid  variety  at 
Harewood  Hall,  in  Yorkshire  fsee  Art.  Brit.,  Istcdit-.p.  8599.),  wbich  we 
believe  has  not  been  propagated.     Linnsus  has  five  varieties  in  his  Flora 
Suecica.   According  to  Chertner  the  species  is  exhibited  in  two  forms,  called 
the  white  and  the  red  Norway  spruce ;  one  with  pale,  and  the  other  with 
deep-eoloured,  cones  ;  but  the  timber  of  both  is  white. 
The  wood  of  the  spruce  fir  is  Ught,  elastic,  and  varying  in  durability  accordine 
to  the  soil  on  which  it  has  grown.     Its  colour  is  either  a  reddish  or  a  yellowish 
white,  and  it  is  much  less  resinous  than  the  wood  of  f.  sylv^stris.  According  to 
Hartig,lt  weighs  64  lb.  11  oz.  per  cubic  foot  when  green,  49  lb.fi  oz.  when  half- 
dry ;  and  35  lb,  2o(.  when  quite  dry;  and  it  shrinks  in  bulk  one  seventieth  part  in 
drying.   The  ashes  furnish  potash ;  and  the  trunk  produces  an  immoise  quan- 
tit)[  M  resin,  froni  which  Burgundy  pitch  is  made.     The  resin  is  obtained  by 
incisions  made  in  the  berk,  when  it  ooies  ant  between  that  andthesoA  wood; 
and  the  mode  of  procuring  and  manufacturing  it  will  be  found  detailed  in  our 
I  St  edition,     "nie  principal  use  to  which  the  wood  is  applied  is,  for  scaflbld- 
in^foles,  ladders,  spars,  oara,  and  masts  to  small  vessels ;  for  which  purposes, 
the  greater  proportion  of  the  importations  of  spruce  fir  timber  from  Norway 
■re  in  the  form  of  entire  trunks,  often  with  the  berk  on,  bom  30  fl.  to  eoft. 


ARBORETUM    ET   PRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 


in  length,  and  not  more  than  6  or  Sinches  in  diameter  et  the  thickest  end. 
The  plonlu  and  deals  are  used  for  flooring  rooms,  and  bj  muncal  instrunieat 
maken  and  carvers  ;  they  are  also  used  by  cabinet-makers  for  lining  furtuture, 
and  for  packing-boxes,  and  many  dmilnr  purposes.  The  wood,  being  fine- 
gTBined,  takes  a  high  pobsh,  and  does  well  for  gilding  on  i  and  it  will  take  a 
black  Btain  as  well  as  the  wood  of  the  pear  tree.  The  spruce  fir  is  one  of 
the  best  nurses  for  other  trees,  not  only  from  its  dense  itibbs  of  foliage,  which 
taav  be  considered  as  a  reservoir  of  heat,  but  becHuse,  from  its  conical  funn, 
and  its  being  abundantly  lurmshed  with  brunches  on  the  surfiice  of  the  ground. 
it  acts  as  a  non-conductor,  and  keeps  the  soil  from  cold  and  draught ;  and, 
while  it  protects  the  plant  to  be  sheltered  from  hi^  winds.  It  admits  the  (op 
of  that  plant  to  the  free  eiyoyment  of  li^t  und  air.  It  makes  excellent  hedges 
for  shelter,  bearing  the  shears  well.  All  agree  that  it  requires  a  soil  somewliat 
moist.  It  will  thrive  in  soils  of  very  different  qualities ;  but  it  aeva  attains  large 
dimensions  in  shallow  soils  and  exposed  places.  On  dry  soils,  it  in*ahably 
becomes  stunted,  produces  a  great  number  of  cones  at  an  early  age,  and  soon 
dies.  The  check  given  to  large  trees  by  transplanting  also  thrours  them  into 
bearing  ;  by  which  means,  even  in  the  most  suitable  soils,  the  prf^reaa  of  the 
tree  in  making  wood  is  much  impeded.  Hence,  in  the  cose  of  the  spruce,  as 
in  all  other  .Ibi^tins,  the  great  advanta^  of  transplanting  the  tree  when  young. 
The  spruce  lir  grows  most  luxuriantly  m  deep  loams  and  low  situations  ;  or 
on  acclivities  with  a  north-east  aspect,  and  a  moist  sandy  soil ;  in  which  last 
situation,  at  Blair  and  o^er  places  in  Scotland,  it  is  found  to  produce  timber 
as  strong  and  durable  as  that  imported  from  Norway.  The  mature  conea  may 
be  gathered  any  time  between  the  November  of  the  first  year  and  the  fdlowii^ 
April :  they  should  be  chosen  trom  healthy  vigorous  trees,  and  exposed  to 
the  beat  ot  the  sun,  placed  in  a  warm  room,  or  slightly  dried  on  a  kilo  ;  afto* 
which,  the  seeds  will  drop  out  by  merelv  shaking  uie  cones,  or  gently  thrash- 
ing theia.  Fifteen  gallons  of  cones  will  produce  8  lb.  of  seeds  with  their 
wings,  or  1  lb.  4oi.  without  them.  After  being  collected,  the  seeds  may  be 
kept  three  or  four  years,  and  will  still  prraerve  their  vitelitv  ;  but  it  is  always 
safest  to  BOW  them  immediately  after  taking  them  from  tne  cones,  or  in  the 
course  of  the  following  March  or  April,  "nie  seeds  of  the  spruce  fir,  being 
nearly  of  the  same  size  as  those  of  the  Scotch  pine,  may  be  treated  in  the 
nursery  in  a  simitar  manner ;  but,  as  the  plants,  when  they  come  \ip,  are  more 


LXXVtI.   CONl'FERiG;   ^"bIES. 


1029 


prolific  in  Gbroiu  roota,  Knd  less  ho  in  shoots  anil  leaves,  they  may  be  kept 
in  the  nursery,  bji  frequent  transplanttne,  till  the;  attain  a  much  l^-ger  size. 
The  most  convenient  time  for  planting  them  vhcre  they  are  finaJly  to  remain 
is  after  they  have  been  two  years  in  the  eeed-bed,  and  one  year  transplanted  ; 
and  the  operation  should  oever  be  perfarmed  but  in  mild  weather,  and  when 
the  air  is  somewhat  moist. 

t   2.  A.  ORiKNTA'Lis   Totmt.     The  Oriental  Spruce  Kt. 


iSjprc.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  solitary,  sub-quadrangular.  Cones  cylindrical ;  scsIm 
broader  than  long,  rhomboid  ovate,  rounded  at  the  apex, sub-entire.  (Sleven.) 
Leaves  half aa  long  as  those  ot  ^'bies  excflsa,  and,  like  them,  quadrBngular, 
acute,  but  not  pungent  ;  neither  are  they  two  rowed,  as  Toumefort  states, 
but  cover  the  branches  on  all  sides,  as  in 
the  common  spruce.      Coneu  3  in.  long, 
I'Jl  subcylindrical;  scales 

more  laxly  imbri- 
cated BB  tne  seeds 
ripen,  inferior  broad- 
■        inded. 


somewhat  acute. 

lotly  tree.     Tauria 

and  Caucasus,  on  the 

loftiest  mountains  of 

Imeretia,    and    Ire-      '""■  ^^ 

quent  in  Upper  Minmlis,  espeoally  in  tl 

neighbourhood  of  CQurches,  and  fbrmii 


whole    forests     between    Ouiiel    and    the 

Adshar    maintains.     (Gard.    Mag.,    I»39, 

p.  237.) 

Described  by  Lambert,  after  Toumefort,  and 
Irom  dried  spedmens ;  but  cones  with  fertile 
seeds  do  not  appear  to  have  been  introduced 
till  ?  1637.  Of  late  many  plants  have  been 
raised  in  Kni^t's  Erotic  Nursery,  from  seeds 
recrived  from  Hingrelia  and  the  neighbourhood 
of  Teflis. 


^>ec.  Char.,  jr.  Leaves  arranged  in  raan^ 
serie3,curvedupwards.  Cooeserect,cylindn- 
cal.  Scales  abruptly  dilated  from  the  cuneate 
base  into  a  quadrangular  lamina,  broader 
towards  the  point.  Bracteas  somewhat 
quadrangular,  mucronate,  not  half  the  length 
.-ill  3 


:P 


1030  ARBORETUU    BT  FBUTICETUH  BRITANNICUM. 

of  the  tcale,  scarcely  broader  than  the  wing 
of  the  fiuit,  which  is  ttru^t  on  both  margins 
towariii  the  apex.  Found  on  the  Altm  Houn- 
taini,  at  an  elevation  at  S272{t.  FloweriDgitl 
May  ;  not  yet  introduced. 

Professor  Don  informs  us  that  be  strongly  sus- 
pects this  tree  to  be  only  a  northern  form  of  ^'bies 
Smithnina.  Ledebour,  De  says,  has  committed  the 
same  error  in  regard  to  his  P.  obov&ta,  as  Dr. 
Wallich  did  in  the  case  of  .^'bies  Smithiona ;  that 
is,  he  has  deflcribed  the  conea  bb  erect,  while,  &om 
the  other  parta  of  his  description,  the  tree  must 
belong  to  the  genus  ^'bies. 


B.  yathe,  of  Ni/rtA 
t  4.  A,  a'lbx  3fMr.     The  white  Sprut 

OtmtHlaMm.    tOcta.  Fl.  Bn.  A 
^nuwiiKf-   P^at  tlbi  JU.  Bort 

Du  Ttai  Barbk.   p,  lii.  \  A^  con 

SulDMte  bUndie,  Fr. 
Jfr^nAw-    Lub.  I>tB..eil.t..  I.  t.a6.i  Hlchi,  N.  Adst.  SfL.S.  t  ItS. ;  Iha  plue  at  ttali  DM 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  somewhat  glaucous,  scattered  round  the  btandiea, 
erect,  quadrangular.  Cones  oblong-cylindrical,  pendulous,  lax ;  scales  with 
entire  margins-  (JtficAx'.)  Cones  irom  IJin.  to  8(in.  long,  and  from  { in. 
to  fin.  broiad;  on  the  tree  at  Dropmore,  4  in.  long.  Seed  very  small:  with 
the  wing,  (in.  long,  A- in.  broad.  Leaves  }in.  lone;  on  the  tree  at  Drop. 
more,  twice  the  lengtli  of  those  of  A.  nigra,  very  Raucous  when  they  first 


'\ 


come  out.  A  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  throughout  the  tracts  of  hisb 
mountains.  Height  40  ft  to  50  ft.  Introduced  in  1700.  It  flowen  in 
May  and  June,  arid  the  cones  are  ripe  in  the  April  followiag. 

1  A.  d.  8  o^nn  Dickson  of  the  Chester  Nursery. — A  low-growing  plant, 
^iparently  somewhat  dislinct. 

Other  Farietiei,  L<nseleur  Desloogchamps  states  that,  according  to  the 
specimens  of  A.  orientilis  which  Toumefort  brou^t  from  the  Levant,  thia 
alleged  spedes  cannot  be  separated  from  A.  ilba.  He  therefore  introduces 
i4.  orient&lis  Tovm^  Pair.  Did.  vi.  p.  508.,  laid  Lamb.  Fin.  ed.  1.  ii.  t.39., 
as  a  variety  of  A.  Alba-  We  have  retained  it  as  a  spedea  (No.  £.),  though 
we  have  great  doubts  as  to  its  distinctness. 

The  general  aspect  of  the  white  spruce  is  much  lighter  tb^  that  of  any 
other  spedes  of  the  genus.     The  bark  is  considerably  lifter  in  colour  than 


Lxxvii.  coni'fers:  ^^IES.  1031 

that  of  anj  other  spruce ;  the  leaTei  are  also  leai  numerous,  longer,  inore 
pointed,  at  a  more  open  ande  with  the  branches,  and  of  a  pale  bluish  green. 
The  male  catkins  are  penduloiis,  on  lone  Tootatelka,  and  of  a  browotsh  yellow. 
The  female  catkins  are  ovate  and  penduloua.  When  ripe,  the  cones  are  aoial], 
of  a  lengthened  oval  in  shape,  end  a  liriit  brown  colour ;  the  scales  are  loose 
and  thin,  round  or  bluntly  pointed,  witA  endre  edves.  llie  seeds  are  minute, 
with  B  very  small  wing,  and  ripen  a  month  earlier  than  those  of  the  black 
spruce.  When  the  tree  is  agitHted  with  the  wind,  or  when  the  cones  are 
gently  struck  with  a  stick,  the  seeds  drop  out,  and  tail  slowly  to  the  ground 
with  a  tremulous  fluttering  morion,  resembling  a  cloud  of  small  pale  brown 
moths,  the  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  In  sandy  soil  some- 
what moist,  is  from  IStl.  to  15  ft  in  lOyesra.  In  30  years,  the  tree  will 
attain  the  height  of  from  30ft.  to  401V.;  hut  in  dry  soils  it  seldom  reaches 
either  this  age  or  height  i  indeed,  all  the  American  spruces  may  be  considered, 
in  England,  as  short-lived  trees. 

i  5.  A.  MIV3RA  Pair.     The  black  Spruce  Fir. 

tdaU^KaUoit.    I\ilT.DIi:t.Eiicn..S.E;H(l.i  HIcllx.  N.  Amv.  Sri.  t- P- ITS. 

Simiitmtl,    Fam  d1(T>  AU.  Hon.  Kite.  1.  p.  S7S.J  F.  mvUnm  Akr.  Bqri.  I,  p.  B.  i  .4'lilei  mil. 

ii>ii>  Wangk.  Brvl.v.  t*.-.  dc>uli;g  Spmn i  iwin  BplDittc,  EptneBe  1  laBMn,  fa  ChmAi. 
£iuriiM||i.    Lnib.  pis.. ed.  t..  1.  l.K, ;  HIdii.  N.  Amer  Sri.,!,  t.  117.  i  lh>  iilUa gf  UiU  tng 

In  AtbTfirlt.,  lit.  nut.,  Tol.  TlU.  I  Dd  our  A'  l«9. 

^lee.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  solitary,  r^ularly  disposed  all  round  the  branches  ; 
erect,  very  short,  somewhat  quadrangular.     0>nes  ovate,  pendulous  :  scales 


somewhat  undulated ;  the  anex  of  the  scale  crenulated  or  divided.  (Mkhx.) 
Cones  &om  liin.  to  l{in.  long,  and  from  |.in.  to  nearly  1  in.  broatl.  Seei' 
rather  larger  than  that  of  A.  ilba,  but  the  wing  smaller.     Leaves  from  ^  ir 


in.  long.  A  large  tree.  Canada  to  Carolina,  throughout  the  tracts  of 
Dign  mountains.  Hei^t  60ft.  to  TOft.  Introduced  in  1700.  Flowering 
in  Hay  or  June,  and  npening  its  cones  in  the  following  April, 

Varielia,     The  kind  generally  designated  as  A.  rubra  (P.  tiibn  Lamb.)  a  as- 
serted by  Michaux  to  be  only  a  variety,  or  rather  variation,  of  A.  nigra, 
produced  by  the  influence  of  the  soil  on  the  wood,  but  we  hare  treated  it 
as  a  subspecies,  as  it  is  tolerably  distinct,  and,  at  present,  not  common. 
The  branches  spread  more  in  a  horizontal  than  in  a  drooping  direction,  like 

those  of  the  Norway  spruce  i  ^^^^ 

and,  consequently,   the  black 

nee  (notwithstanding  the 
ness  of  its  foliage)  has  ^ 
not  the  gloomy  aspect  of  the 
European  tree.  The  bark  is 
smooth  and  blackish.  The 
leaves  are  of  a  dark  sombre 
green  j  they  are  short,  bdng 
scarcely  J  in.  long,  thickly  set, 
stiff,  and  are  attached  sbgly 
to  the  branches,  which  they 
cover  all  round.  The  male 
catkins  are  cylindrical,  erect, 
and  on  peduncles  ;  about  1  in. 
long  ;  yellowish,  with  red- 
tipped  anthers.  The  female 
catkins  are  oval,  end  at  first 

erect,  but  soon  become  pen-  "••-  ^••'^ 

dulous;  they  are  puqillsD,  and  almost  Mack,  when  young  ;  but  become, 
when  ripe,  of  a  dusky  reddish  brown.  When  fiill^-^own,  they  are  about 
H'm.  long,  and  }  in.  in  diameter  at  the  middle.  The  scales  are  blunt, 
rounded,  very  thin,  and,  when  ripe,  rugged  and  torn  on  the  margin,  and  some- 
times  half  through  the  scale.     The  seeds  are  unall,  scarcely  more  than  a  line 


1032  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITAKHICUH. 

iu  length,  with  rethtf  n  small  rigid  wing.     The  rate  of  growth  of  A.  ntgta  is 
more  rapid  than  that  of  A.  diba  under  limilar  drciuutinccB. 

I  6.  A.  (n.)  ru'bra  Fair.     The  r«d  ^mice  Fir,  or  Aei^bwnUnHf  nd  Pime. 

„  ._^  ^^^  Wimt.  Btyf.  ti.n.)  Futm  rain  Laa*.  P^.t.  t 


blunt;  acalcB  round,  somewhat  S-lobed,  entire.  (^Latab.  Pm.'i     Leaves  li 

more  than  ^in.  Ions  ;  slightly  tetragonal.     Cones  about  lin,  loi^  and  ^ia. 

broad ;  scalea  notched.     Seeds  very  small.     A  lBi;ge  tree.     Notb  Scotis, 

and  about  Hudson's  Bh^ .     Height  70  a.  to  BO  ft.     Cultivated  b   England 

before  1756.  Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  cone*  the  fidlowinj;  aprii^. 
FaHrlsf.     A.  (».)  r.  S 

cterulea.  ^.cteriltea 

Soath.—  Has  ylau- 

cous    leaves,     and 

appears    to    us   to 

dmr  from  A.  (n.) 

rAbra   only  in   the 

colour  of  Uie  cones. 

The  cones  ue  ra- 
ther longer  and  red- 
der than  those  ot  A.    j 
nigra,     and     covered  ( 
with  resin.     Michaux   V 
says     that     the     red     - 

spruce  is  in   no  wav  '»"■  -«.(».ii«i«. 

inferior  to  the  blacli 

snruce  in  the  quality  of  its  timber,  which  "  unites  in  the  hi^eit  d«rce  all 
tne  good  qualities  that  characterise  the  spedea."  He  also  states  that,  oistewl 
of  being  a  low  tree,  it  is  superior  in  site  to 
the  black  Hpruce,  at  it  generally  grows  in 
richer  soil ;  and  that  the  wood  is  reddish, 
instead  of  being  white.  luLawson'sjIfanua/, 
it  is  stated  that  A.  ritbra  differs  essentially 
both  from  A.  nigra  and  A.  Uba  in  all  its 
parts  ;  and  particularly  in  its  leaves,  which 
are  mnre  slender  and  sharper-pointed  than 
in  either  of  these  species. 

C.  Katioe  of  Nepal. 
i  7.  A.  KaVTROW,  TheKhutrow  SpruceKr.    ' 


or  RugDC,  *■  Uc  ParlmUl  telMue. 
Eufwi^il.   WmU.  pi.  Ai.  Rw.  J.  »fe  i  BojrlB  Hi..  L  Si. 
rr4.i  md  oar  fy.  1911.  frim  Royle;  utd  Jlf^.mn-  In 

Spec.  Char.,  Stc.     Leaves  compressed,  tetra- 

Sial,  straight,  anl-shai>ed,  sharp-pointed. 
DCS  ovalo-oblong ;  scalea  obovate- 
roundish,  coriaceous,  rigid,  smooth  on  the 
mai^n.  Crest  of  the  anthers  roundish, 
irrKulariy  crenated.  (Z).  Dim.)  Leaves, 
in  Royle's  specimen,  and  iu  the  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Garden,  from  I  in.  to  l^in. 
ligiire,  6in.long,  and  8^in.  broad  ;  scale  ^ 


Lxxvii,  comi'perjb:  ^bies.  1033 

breadth  at  the  widest  part.     Seeds  about  the  size  of  those  of  the  common 
spruce  ;  with  the  wine,  iin-  long,  and  (in.  broad.     AprTamidal  drooping- 
braacbed  tree.     HioiBlajas,  in  Kainaon  and  Sinnore.    H^efat  50ft.    Intro- 
duced in  18ia     The  tree  has  not  yet  flowered  ia  Engluid. 
VurieHei.     Dr.  Rojle  observes  that  the  leaves  in  his  figure  are  much  narrower 
than  those  of  A,  Smithiona  in  Wallich's  figure;  and  that  the  plants  may 
probably  be  diflerent  Bpeciesor  varieties.     Jud^nefltim  the  leaves,  the  tree 
in  the  Horticultural  ^iociety's  Garden  appears  to  be  Dr.  Boyle's  tree. 
Ilie  rate  of  growth  of  this  tree  in  British  gardens  is  ahnost  as  r^ud  as  that 
of  the  common  spruce,  to  which  it  bears  a  very  close  resemblance,  but  the 
leaves  are  longer  snd  paler.     It  is  readily  propagated  by  cuttings,  and  abundance 
of  seeds  have  lately  b«en  imported.     Some  doubts  having  been  expressed  as  to 
whether  this  plant  is  the  A.  Smithkina  of  Waltich  (see  Sal.  Reg.  for  1841), 
but  none  as  to  its  being  the  P.  Khilrtm  of  Royle,  we  have  in  this  edition 
prefarred  the  latter  name. 

$  ii.     Leaves  flat,  generally  fflauams  beneath^  imperfectly  2-roiDed. 

D.  yativei  of  North  Ameriea. 

t  8.  A.  DoCBLA'sf/  LindL     The  b-idenl-bracted,  or  Dou^as's,  Spruce  Fir. 

MnuMeoBtoa.    LIhII.  In  Prmt.  Crc.,  1 .  p.  SI.  i  I^UllUI  Hutwat.  No.  410, 

tfuaiunxi.    F.UaWMt  Lamb.  Pin.  ei.  ^  1.  t.  47.,  i'm*  fT.  ^wr.  S«<.  1.  p.  G«.  ;  ^.  aUrSrnla 

Hart. ;  floui  DwilUf  Siblne  MSa.  Lamb.  Pin.  vol.  I.  t.  90. ;  ttaa  NoMkn  Fir,  SmM  la  Ami 

(V:-  No.  IS. 
EngraHmiii.    Lsmh.  Pin.,  sd.  9.,  I.  t.  tj..  and  rol  s.  I.  Sa  <  tba  UtU  of  thia  traa  In  Arti.  Brit.,  in 

c3lL,  to).  •111.  1  Dur .  A.  lUt.,  Cram  *  ipedmn  Bid  ikHcli  hU  to  in  bv  Mr.  VNib,  Jul.,  oT  tb* 

ClMaDllD  Horticultural  iIoci«t;'i  Gaiilni ;  and  oucjtl-  19SS. 

Spte,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  flat,  blunt,  entire,  pectinate,  dlveiT  beneath.  Cooes 
ovate-oblong.  Bracteas  elongated,  linear,  3-pointed.  (D.  Dm.)  Leaves 
from  I  in.  to  l^in.  long.  Cones  from  3^ in.  to  4  in.  long,  and  Uin.  to  I  j  in. 
brood  ;  scales,  without  tbebnictea,  l^m.  long,  and  the  same  mt>ad  ;  with 
thebractea,  IJin.  in  length.  Seed,  with  the  wing,  lin.  long,  and  )in. 
broad;  widiout  the  wine,  Jin.  long,  and^in. broad.  The  seeds  are  about 
the  same  nie  as  those  of  i^cea  pectinita,  but  more  oblong.  Ckityledons,  ?. 
A  tall  tree.  North-west  coast  of  North  America,  in  forests.  Height  100  ft. 
to  180  ft.  Introduced  in  19S6.  It  flowers  in  the  climate  of  London  in 
May,  and  its  cones  are  matured  in  the  June  or  July  of  the  following  year. 
Vmietia.  Cones  of  different  sizes,  and  somewhat  different  in  the  shape  and 
size  of  the  scales,  have  been  sent  home  by  Hartweg  and  others  ;  because, 
doubtless,  this  species  of  spruce  is  liable  to  vary  as  well  as  every  other; 
and  the  slightest  variation  m  any  species  of  plant  which  is  compsratively 
rare  is  immediately  constituted  a  named  variety.  Only  one  variety,  that  we 
have  beard  of,  deserves  notice. 

1  A.  B.  tbuijoHa. —  Stem  and  side  branches  straight  i  while  in  A. 
Douglasn   they   are    always,     ,.^_^ 
when  young,  more  or  less  in      ^""^Vl    x  1 

a   zigaig    direction,    though  '-^*<Xi^     il 

they      become      eventuaUy  ^^''*^l 

straiffhL      Leaves  twice  the  ^1 

lengm  of  those  of  A.  Don-  f| 

giMii,  and  of  a  much  deeper 
green.  Fig.  1938.  is  from  a 
specimen  and  a  sketch  re- 
ccared  from  Mr.  M'Nab. 
showing  the  foliage  and 
manner  of  branchiiu;  of  A. 
Dougl&sii  in  the  C^edonian 
Horticultural  Society's  Oar- 
den,  and  which  corresponds 
exactly  with  the  trees  of  ibis 
name  in  theChiswickOarden  i<jn  >.ii.iuniH 


ARBORETUM    BT    FRUTICETUU   BRITANNICUH. 


Mid  Bt  Dropntore.     ^■ 


the  mode  of  n 
and  of  the  fblinfje  of  i 
tree  uaoied  A.  taufiiUt  ii 
the  Edinb.  Bot.  Qttiiei, 
raised  from  seedi  maTcd 
from  the  late  Ifr.  Thoi. 
Drummond,  RfUr  the  iretic 
expedition.  It  ii,  Mr.M- 
Nab  obserres,  an  ^JImgh^ 
arowingtree;  anil,witliiB 
lon^  and  dark  leaves,  thj 
diatmct  from  all  the  ^>en- 
mena  of  A.  Douglani  be 
had  seen. 

A  large  conical  tree,  with  a  rugged  greyish  brown  barfc,  from  6iB.  to  *^ 
thick,  nnd  abounding  in  balmiuc  resin.  Leftvea  Bomewhat  pectiiiate  um 
apreadin^  narrow-linear,  obtuse  on  the  mar^  and  apex,  quite  enure,  flat : 
dark  green  above,  marked  on  the  middle  with  a  depressed  line,  and  °^,*fT 
beneath  ;  I  in.  long.  The  bark,  in  young  trees,  has  its  receptacles  filled  *™  ' 
clear  ]«llow  resin,  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of  the  balm  of  Gilesd ;  uw 
the  bark  of  old  trees  is  said  to  make  excellent  fiieL  The  timber  is  hea^ 
firm,  with  lew  knota,  about  the  same  yellow  colour  as  that  of  the  yew,  uM 
not  in  the  least  liable  Co  wBip.  The  rate  of  growth  of  this  tree,  in  the  cliiaile 
of  London,  appears  to  be  nearly  as  great  as  that  of  the  common  gxiice;  but, 
as  it  has  a  tendenf^  to  send  out  a  profusion  of  side  branches,  it  does  not 
increase  in  height  so  much  as  it  does  in  width  and  busbiness. 
r  9.  A.  Msheib'sIT  Douglas.    Heonea'i,  or  lie  warted-brandied,  Spruce  Fir. 

I>M1«I. 


"^SPEUi 


dnUonl 


neath,  turned  in 
every  direction. 
Cones  cylindri-  { 
cal;  scale*  scari- 
cua,  gnawed  on 
the  margin.  (2>. 
Don.)  Leaves 
4  in.  long.  Conea 
from    8}  in.    to 

3  in.  lon^  and 
fromlin.toUin. 
broad;  scales  I  in. 
long,  and  f  in. 
broad.  Seed  very 
small,      scarcely 

4  in.  long  j  with 
the   wing,    f  in. 


LXXTll.    CONI'FEB^:    ^'bIEB.  103u 

long.     A  talltree.     North  of  CulirorDia.     Hei^t,?.     Introduced  in  1B3I. 

There  are  only  bumH  plants  in  British  ganlena, 

A  tree  with  the  general  appearance  of  j4.Dougtiaei,  Brandieaandbranchleu 
tubercled.  Buds  orate,  acute,  covered  with  resin.  Leaves  turned  b  every 
direction,  resupinate  from  beinj;  tvisted  at  the  base,  linear,  mucronulate,  in- 
curved ;  silveiy  beneath,  articulated  with  an  elevated  tubercle,  very  Btiort, 
not  more  than  2  b.  long,  rigid,  rather  sharp-poioted,  and  very  soon  folliDg  off 
the  dried  apedmens.  Cones  pendulous,  cylmdrical,  3  In.  long.  Only  a  very 
few  plants  of  A.  MeniiM  were  raised  in  Uie  Horticultural  Society's  Garden 
in  the  year  ISSS  ;  so  that  the  species  is  at  present  extremely  rare  in  this 
country.  Readily  propagated  by  cuttings. 
1   10.  A.  cANADs'NSig  Midtx.     The  Canada  Pine,  or  Hemlock  Spruce  Fir. 

Ii  Lim.  Sp.'pi.  Mil,  1  i*. uiMTlctni  Dn  IM Sari*,  ai.  Pott.  I.  p.  ISI, 
.  _      =    .„.„  merirfn.  Monk.  Art.  Anirr.   p.  1«    PenwH,  ^  1*. 

FV,  1  Scbttrllan  Htbt^  Otr. 

.[  lilc)ii.N.£in«.  Byl^I.  t.l*9.:  N.  DqHmi.,  Bl  t-M. 

It,  IH  edit.,  .01.  TtU.  ,  ud  tMirjif.  IeSS. 

Spec,  Char,  ^c.  Leaves  solitary,  flat,  slightly  denticulate,  obtuse,  two-ranked. 
Cones  oval,  terminal,  pendent,  naked,  scarcely  longer  than  the  leaves. 
Leaves  from  fin.  to  lin.  long,  and  .^  in.  broad.  Cones  (romf-in.  to  {-in. 
long,  and  f  m.  broad;  scales  round.oblong,  ^in.  long,  and  ^b.  brood. 
Seed  very  amal],  scarcely  ^  in.  long  i  and  with  the  wing,  fin.  long.  A  tall 
tree  in  America,  in  Bn^tand  of  middle  size.  Canada  to  Carolina,  on  the 
highest  mountains.  Height  60ft.  to  BOft  rarely  100  ft.  Introduced  in 
1736.  It  flowers  in  May  and  June,  and  its  cones  are  matured  in  the  June 
of  the  foUowing  year. 


The  hemlock  spruce,  in  Europe,  is  a  most  elegant  tree,  fix>ra  the  synune- 
trical  disposition  of  its  branches,  which  droop  gracefully  at  their  extremities, 
and  its  light,  and  yet  tufted,  foliage.  When  ^e  tree  is  youn^,  the  broaches 
are  quite  pendulous,  and  remarkably  elegant.  The  rate  of  growth,  in  the 
climate  of  London,  is  rather  flow  (  but  plants,  in  10  years,  will  attain  the 
hei^toffi  or  8 feet;  and,  in  20  years, of  15  or  20  feet.  The  wood  of ihe  hem- 
lock spruce  is  less  valuable  than  that  of  any  other  of  the  large  resinous  trees 
of  North  America ;  but  the  bark  is  inestimable.  Id  that  country,  for  the  pur- 


1036  ARBORETUH    ET   FRUTICBTUM   BRITANMICUH. 

poses  of  the  tanner.  In  England,  the  hemli>ck  Bpruce  fonna  one  of  the  most 
omamen  tal  of  the  fir  &mily ;  being  unong  needl&^eaveol  evergreen  trees  whai 
the  weeing  willow  ia  among  the  willows.  As  it  beats  the  knife,  and  is  e^f- 
tremelyliardy,  it  mi^t  be  employed  as  hedges  ;  for  which  purpose  it  is  used 
in  the  American  nurseries,  along  with  the  TlijJB  occident^tu.  Seeds  are 
annually  imported,  and  even  produced  bj  old  trees  in  this  counti;, 
E.  Nathe  of  Nepal. 
t   1 1.  J.  DUMo^Bi.   The  buahy  J^nne  Spruce  Fir. 


C7C  *<iL  I.    So.  9.  ■   F.  dKldlu  IVidl.  MS. ;  P. 
BnpHWiliu  WaU.  Fluil  Ai-  nr.  1  p.  H, 
XwroWivi.    Luab.PlD,  *il.a_l.  t.44.1  WtU. 
nut  Ai.  nr.,  S.  t  Mf.  1   ind  ow  fiti.  ISK.  / 

^>ec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  (olitaiy,  linear,  ' 
obtuse,  mostly  on  one  side  of  the  1 
branches ;  glaucous  beneath,  denticu- 
lated. Cooes  orate,  terminal,  soli- 
tary ;  brocteoles  wedge-shaped,  pli- 
c«te,  emar^nate,  glabrous.  (Lomi.) 
Leaves  |  m.  long.  Cones,  scales, 
and  seeds  scarcely  different  from 
those  of  A.  canadensis.  A  dense 
and  very  bushy  tree,  with  the  ap- 
pearance of  A.  canadensis.  Nepal. 
ins.  A.  dumtB.         Height  70  f):.  to  80  ft.   lotrod.  1838.  oat.  j.tau-. 

Other  Speda  0/  A'Hci. — A.  MerletiniDn  Bong,  and  A,  plcAhuii  Bong,  ttre 
mentioned  by  M.  Bongard  in  his  observations  on  the  Island  of  Sitcha,  on  the 
west  coast  of  North  America,  in  N.  lat.  57",  as  indigenous  there.  The  ortide 
is  quoted  in  the  Anrtala  dei  Sdemxt  Naivreltei,  Sd  aer.,  tom.  iiL  p.  237. ; 
but  no  description  is  given.  A,  trigiina,  A.  keterop/iylla.  A,  aromalieti,  A. 
uncrophylla,  A.  ob&pidla,  and  A.Jaicaia  are  mentioned  by  RaGnesque  as  bang 
found  in  the  Oregon  country  ;  but,  as  he  gives  no  descnption  of  these  trees, 
it  is  uncertain  whether  th^  belong  to  .f  hies  or  Pfcea.  The  same  obaervations 
will  apply  to  A.  hirlelia  Humboldt  et  Kunth  Nov.  Gen.  et  Sp.  Plant.  pU  8. 
p.  5.,  of  which  nothing  is  known  either  of  the  flowers  or  cones ;  to  A. 
Kantp/Mi  and  A.  T^iin/>erga,  mentioned  bv  Thunberg ;  and  to  A.  H6rm,  A. 
Torino,  and  A.  Arar^  enumerated  by  Sieboldt  in  Verhaiid.  BaioB.GenooUeA^ 
xii  p.  12.,  as  quoted  m  Pen.  Cyc. 

Genus  IIL 


PI'CBA  D.  Don.     Tbb  Siltbb  Fir.    Linti.  Syil.  Monce'cia  Monadelphia. 
Idn^allam.    D.  Don  US. 
Staaama.    Flnm  IM.  Id  paR j  Pttmt  HCt  PtHai  D.  Daa  In  Lami.  n>.  ad.  1.  tdI.  a.  )   .4tilc« 

tMt,SeanmXttnttct,titiLeit6emri  A'hitt  Dm  Hot,  la  fit;  Sipln,  fV^  Tbuwo,  Oct-. 


itUawii  Lwniert  ind  D.  Don,  m  aliwdT  iti 

Gen.  Char.     The  same  as  in  i^nus  and  ^^es,  but  differing  in  having  tiie  conee 

erect.     Strobile  cj'lindrical,  with  its  carpels  not  thickened  at  the  tip.    Both 

chtjkU  nnd  bracteas  senarate  from  the  axis  of  the  strotrile.     Tbe  leaves  are 


obviously  S-rtmked  ii 


LXXVII.    CONI^FER^:    Pi'CEA.  103? 

Leaoei  simple,  2-niiiked,  exsdpulate,  evergreen;  linear.  Ftowert  yellowish. 
— Trees,  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America,  generally  in  regions 
more  temperate  than  those  in  which  the  species  of  spruce  abound.  Re- 
markable tor  the  regularity  and  symmetry  of  their  pyramidal  heads ;  readily 
distinguished  from  the  genus  ^1  roes,  by  their  leaves  being  more  decidedly 
in  two  rows  ;  bv  their  cones  being  upright,  and  having  the  scales  deciduous  ; 
and  by  the  seeds  being  irrc»pilar  in  form.  The  nucleus  of  the  seed  is  ex- 
posed at  the  inner  angle,  through  a  considerable  opening  in  the  outer  testa, 
as  if  the  junction  of  the  two  sides  had  been  ruptured  bv  the  rapid  enlarge- 
ment of  the  nucleus.  (2>.  Don.')  In  Britain,  with  the  exception  of  P, 
pectinkta,  they  are  soldy  to  be  considered  as  ornamental  trees. 

The  species  in  British  gardens  may  be  thus  arranged  ;  — 

A.    NaHvet  of  Europe,  Siberia^  and  the  North-west  of  Ana, 

1.  pectin^ta.  3.  Pmsdpo,  5.  Pichta, 

2.  cephaldnica.        4.  Nordmanniema. 

B.    Natives  of  North  America, 
6.  bals^ea.  7.  Priori. 

C.    Natives  of  Cal^omia, 
6.  griindis.        9.  amiLbilis.        10.  ndbilis.        11.  bracte^ta. 

D.    Natives  of  Mexico. 
12.  religidsa.  13.  hirtella. 

E.    Natives  of  Nepal 
14.  WebbMZfM.  15.  Phdrow. 

A.  Natives  cfEvropcy  Siberia,  and  the  Norths-west  of  Asia. 
1  1.  P.  PECTIN A>r A.  The  Comb-like-^Spoon/  Silver  Fir. 

StmtmMmet.  JtUn  of  Flinr ;  Fiw  Picea  £Ai.  Sp.  PL  1490. ;  P.  JHries  Du  Roi  Harbk.  cd  Polt 
t.  s7p.  13S. ;  ifUat  Mba  MOI.  Diet.  No. }.-,  A.  TSiXl  f5Uo  Tbiir*.  Imt.  p.  566. ;  il.  Tulgirts  Pair. 
Diet.  Bneye.  &  p.  614. ;  A.  pectinito  Dre,  Fl.  Fr.  9.  p.  976. ;  A.  lazUdlla  Hort.  Par.x  A.  Plcea 
lAmdl.  in  Petm.  Cye.  No  1.  <  A.  ezc^lia  Link  Abkand,,  Ac,  lahr  1887,  p.  18S.  j  SpuUh  Fir  i  Sapin 
oommuii.  S«nin  i  FeuUles  d*lf,  SafAn  bUoc,  Saptn  argentfi,  Sapin  en  Fdgne,  Sa|^  de  Nonnandie, 
F^.  $  welM  Tanne,  Edeltanne,  Qer. ;  Abeta  arsantino,  lial. 

Entrraph^M.  Lamb.  Ptn.,  ed-  2.,  I.  t  40. ;  N.  Da  Ham.,  6.  t.  88. :  Uie  niate  of  this  tpedet  In  Arb. 
Brie  lat  edit.,  toL  riULiOorJIg,  1989.  of  the  natoral  tixe,  uadjig.  1988.  to  our  otual  Male. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  solitary,  flat,  obtuse ;  2-ranked,  with  their  points 
turned  up.  Cones  axillary,  cylindrical,  erect ;  scales  with  a  long  dorsal 
bractea.  Anthers  with  a  short  crest,  with  two  teeth.  Buds  short,  egg- 
shaped,  blunt ;  of  a  reddish  yellow,  with  from  16  to  20  blunt  scales.  Leaves 
from  ^ in.  to  1  in.  long,  sti^  turned  up  at  the  points;  of  a  shining  dark 
green  above,  and  with  two  lines  of  silvery  white  on  each  side  of  the  midrib 
beneath.  Cones  from  6  in.  to  8  in.  lone,  and  from  l^in.  to  2  in.  broad  ; 
cylindrical ;  green  when  young,  afrerwar£  reddish,  and  when  ripe  brown. 
Scale  I  in.  to  l^in.  long,  and  I J  in.  broad.  Seeds  variously  angular,  fin. 
long,  and  -^in.  broad.  Cotyledons  5.  A  lofty  tree.  CientrS  Burope, 
and  the  West  and  North  of  Asia ;  rising  on  mountains  to  the  commence- 
ment of  the  zone  of  the  Scotch  pine.  Height  80  ft.  to  100  ft.,  rarely  150  ft. 
Introduced  in  1603.  The  blossoms  appear  in  May,  and  the  cones  are  ma- 
tured in  the  October  of  the  following  year. 

Varieties, 

1  P.  f>.  2  tortuosa  Booth. — ^Branches  and  branchlets  remarkably  twisted 

or  crooked, 
t  P.  p.  SfoiOs  variegdtis.  —  Leaves  variegated, 
t  P.  p.  4  cinerea.    Pinus  Picea  cinerea  Baum.  Cat,  ed.  1835. — A  low 

pmnt  with  greyish  bark,  not  yet  introduced. 

The  silver  fir  is  the  noblest  tree  of  its  genus  in  iq>pearance,  and  the  onlv 
species  worthy  of  cultivation  in  Britain  for  its  timber.    The  rate  of  growth 


1038  ARBORETUM    F.T    FRtmCETUH    BRITANNICUH. 

of  the  tree  ia  atow  when  joong,  but 
rapid  after  it  has  attuned  the  ace  ol 
10  or  12  yean.  Cones  with  fertile 
seeds  are  seldom  produced  before  tiie 
tree  baa  attained  its  40th  year ;  though 
cones  without  seeds  often  appear  b^ 
(brehalfthat  period  has  elapsed.  The 
female  catkins  are  often  produced  for 
years  together,  without  any  males  ap- 
pealing on  tbe  same  tree.  Young 
trees  are  apt  to  lose  their  leaders  by 
veiy  severe  spring  frosts;  and,  heuce, 
we  frequently  find  old  silver  firs  with 
forked  trunks  and  branchv  heads.  The 
wood  of  the  silrer  &r  is  elastic,  and  the 


nhitish.     The  g 


yellow,  or  fawn-coloured,  and  hard. 
The  narrower  the  white  lines  are,  the 
more  bcautifiil  and  solid  is  the  grain 
of  the  wood.  Tbe  wood  of  a  tree  BO 
years  old  weighs  66  lb.  14  oz.  per 
cubic  foot  green,  and  41  lb.  5  ot.  when 
drf  ;  while  that  of  a  tree  40  years  old 
wd^hs  only  37  lb.  9  oz.  when  dry.  It 
shrinks  connderably  in  drying,  like  all 
white  woods.  It  is  used  for  planks 
and  carpentrv  of  all  kinds,  for  the 
masts  of  smal]  vessels,  fur  joists  and 
rafters,  and  for  building  the  boats 
used  for  navigating  rivers.  It  is  said 
to  endure  a  long  time  when  used  as 


white  pitch,  the  eilver  fir,' like  ajl  the 
other  Abi6liate,  will  attain  a  large  size 
on  soils  of  a  very  opposite  description  ;  but  a  loam,  rather  rich  and  deep  thin 
otherwise,  appeiirs  to  suit  it  best.  The  silver  Gr  requires  a  low  aitustion, 
comparatively  with  the  spnice  fir,  not  being  nearly  so  hardy  as  that  tree,  dthw 
when  in  the  nursery  or  lull  grown.  The  cones,  which  are  produced  in  sbun- 
dance  in  Britain,  are  apt  to  shed  their  seeds  in  spring ;  they  ou^ht  to  be  gathered 
in  October  or  November,  and  kept  in  a  dry  place  till  the  sowmg  season.    The 


LXXTII.   Coni'fer£:   Pi'cea.  10S9 

seeils  may  be  esaly  separated  from  them  by  a  very  alight  exposure  to  the  nun, 
and  then  by  thrashing  them,  without  having  recourse  to  the  kiln.  The  seeds 
should  be  sown,  according  to  Sang,  in  March,  and  at  snch  a  distance  as  to 
allow  the  plaota  to  rise  I  in.  apart ;  and  the  covering,  he  says,  should  be  a 
full  inch  thick.  When  the  plants  are  8  years  old,  they  may  be  transplanted 
into  nursery  lines  ;  and,  after  being  2  years  in  that  situation,  they  may  either 
be  again  transplanted  in  the  nursery,  to  a  greater  distance  apart,  or  removed 

1  S.  P.  (p.)  Ckph«ld'mca.     The  Cephaloman  Silver  Fir. 


Spec.  Char.,  t^c.  Cones  erect.  Leaves  sutiulate,  flat ;  dark  green  above, 
and  silvery  beneath  -,  tapering  from  the  base  to  the  summit,  which  terminates 
in  a  sharp  spine.  Petioles  very  short,  dilated 
lengthwise  at  the  point  of  thnr  attachment  to 
the  branches  ;  the  dilated  part  of  a  much  lifter 
green  than  the  rest  of  the  leaf.  Scales  of  the 
cones  closely  resembhng  those  of  P.  pectin^to. 
A  tree.  Cephalonia,  on  the  Black  Mountain, 
the  highest  point  of  which  is  the  Mount  Edob 


of  the  Bncienls,  between  4000  ft  and  fiOOO  ft.  above  the  sea.     Height  50  ft. 

to  60  ft.     Introduced  in  1824. 

The  bristle-pointed  leaves  and  dilated  petioles  of  young  plants  render  the 
Ccphalonian  fir  very  distinct  in  appearance  from  the  common  silver  fir,  but 
we  doubt  very  much  if  it  can  be  considered  a  different  species ;  it  is,  however, 
at  all  events,  a  marked  and  most  beautifiil  variety.  Ftg.  I940.  is  a  portrait  of 
one  of  [he  branches  of  this  tree,  imported  bj  H.  L.  Long,  Esq.,  of  Hampton 
Lodge,  Surrey,  to  whom  the  seeds  were  first  sent  fivm  Cqihakmia  by  General 


CETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


Lxxvii.  coni'ferx:  pi'cea. 


Sir  C  J.  Napier.     Fig.  1948.  is  a  cone  of 
the  natural  site  ;  J!g.  1941.  scales  and  seeds 
of  the  natural  size;  Jig.  1944.  terminal  buds 
of  the  natural  size  ;  and  • 
'.  1943.  a  seedliDg  plant   ' 
'  the   QBtural  size   just 
merged  ft-om  the  aaiL    A 
jreat    quantity   of   cones 
e  been  lately  imported,  sjid  this  fir  is  now  extensively 
distributed. 

i  3.  p.  (p.)  PnrsA^PO.     The  Pinsapo  Silver  Fir. 
Ovd.  Hu.,  vol.  XI.  p.  ICS, 
u-  .^.i_  nj..._[n  BM.  Unh.  dE  GvitYe,  t.  IJ.  p,«a( 

£«r^^J~  oi^Jt|^"iwT'uid  IMS,  Itom  Kalai  tot  tHdl  neehol 
fftoB  H.  VUnorfD  1  UKt  A.  l»tt.  ftom  ■  jouog  pUot  rmlmd  from  o»  of 

^)ec.  Char,,  Sfe,  Leaves  disposed  around  the  branches, 
from  3  to  5  lines  long,  nearly  terete,  and  entire  at  the 
apex.  Conesovate,  with  the  bmcts  concealed  by  the  scalei 
or  carpels,  and  much  shorter    than  these  are.   (Boii.) 


A  tree.  Sierra  de  la  NIeve, 
and  OD  other  mountains  be- 
tween Ronda  and  Malaga, 
3500ft.  above  the  level  of  tlie 
sea.  Heuht  60  ft.  to  70  ft. 
IntroduceJin  1B39,  by  seeds, 
whi^  have  been  extenrnvely 
distributed.  (Gard.  Mag.) 
Apparently  a  variety  of  the 
coDunon  silvw  £r. 


1042  ARBORETUM    ET  FRUnCETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

J  4.  P.  (p.)  NosDNANN/^K^.     NordmBnn'H  8a»er  Rr. 
Umtmrma.    PUim  Ncinl_nnM«>  But.  BoU.  Sot  Mm.  He*  is*,  Oud.  M^.  laWp.  ^ 
ArnaMK.     riH  I  I  >l  1     Mil     f  F  uTiii   i    f     [  nillll.     ll     iHi       lllln     III     I        ■!) 

X^rmti^  BoU.  SocMkc^Lci  Oud.M«..l.c,■«<«':*I><llIvA•<M0- 
j^.  Ctar.,  ^e.  I,«avea  (oliuuy,  curred  upwiirds,  of  unequal  length.  Stn>- 
Inlefl  erect,  ovate ;  tcales  verj  obtuse  ;  bract*  cuneaie,  with  the  apex  re- 
flexed,  obcordate,  loiu-mucroiiate,  incumbent  on  the  lower  scale.  (Sirm.') 
An  erergreen  uee.  Horth  of  Asia,  on  the  ■nnuoit  of  Adshar,  above 
Ourid,  towards  the  lourcea  of  the  Kur,  on  the  bankn  of  the  Nataneb,  at 
die  height  of  6000ft.  Ho^t  80  ft.  to  90  ft.,  with  a  trunk  3  ft.  in  diaiiieier, 
um)  a  nnooth  baA.  Probably  a  variely  of  the  nlrer  fir.  Not  yet  introduced. 


LXxviL  coni'fetijs:  pi^cea. 


1048 


Thk  18  said  to  be  a  finer  tree  than  the  common  silver  fir,  fi'om  its  silveiy 
leaves  and  abundant  strobiles.  The  branches  are  dense,  about  2  in.,  scarcely 
ever  3  in.,  thick,  and  regukurlv  disposed ;  the  lower  horizontal,  the  upper 
springing  at  a  more  acute  angle.  At  from  14  to  17  years  old  the  tree  begins 
to  b^  uxdt  at  top.  When  ftUl-flrown,  the  whole  crown  is  covered,  from  a 
fourth  part  of  its  height,  with  laree,  conical,  erect  strobiles,  solitary  or  in 
twos  or  threes,  and  coated  over  wiu  a  resinous  exudation.  The  seeds  ripen 
about  the  end  of  September,  when  they  immediately  fall  off  with  the  scales, 
the  axis  often  remaining  for  the  whole  year.  The  wood  is  harder  than  that  of 
the  common  silver  fir.  The  male  catkins  have  not  been  seen.  The  female 
strobiles  are  sessile,  or  on  very  short  peduncles,  erect,  6  in.  long,  and  2J  in. 
in  diameter.  Rachis  8  or  3  lines  thick,  gradually  attenuated,  ligneous,  rough 
with  tubercles  spirallv  disposed  for  the  insertion  of  the  scales.  There  are 
12  or  13  of  these  roiraf  lines,  each  containing  8  tubercles  in  its  circumvolution, 
making  a  total  or  about  100  florets,  or  200  seeds,  in  each  strobile.  Scales 
closely  adpressed  ;  superior  {fig.  1950.  a,  r)  cup-shaped,  narrow  at  the  base 
for  about  2  lines  in  length,  then  suddenly  diutted  into  a  lamina,  at  first  straight 
and  of  3  lines  broad,  afterwards  greatly  expanded,  somewhat  recurved,  and 
nearly  1)  in.  in  breadth,  which  is  also  the  length  of  the  scale  itself;  inferior 
(fig,  1950.  6,  d)  much  shorter,  lamina  with  a  subreniform  base,  triangularly 
crenate.  I^ateral  margins  of  the  lamina  eroded,  dentate,  upper  entire ;  inner 
surface  slightly  keeled,  outer  smooth. 
Bract  adnate  to  the  narrow  base  of 
the  scale,  then  fi«e,  about  a  line 
broad  at  the  middle,  spreading  by 
degrees  into  a  lamina,  rarely  ovate, 
often  cordate,  reflexed  at  the  apex, 
and  incumbent  on  the  lowe  scale ; 
mucro  IJ  line  long  ;  lamina  equal  to 
the  scale  in  length.  Nuts  two,  trian- 
gular ovate,  1^  fine  long,  above  a  little 
broader,  smooth.  Wing  obliquely  ex- 
panded by  degrees  to  f  in.  m  length 
and  breadth,  membranous ;  inner 
maigin  straight,  and  close  to  the 
other  wmg  (A^.  1951.  eX  This 
species  is  suffiaently  distinguished 
from  i^cea  balslkmea  and  P,  sibirica 
by  the  size  of  the  strobile,  and  long 
reflexed  point  of  the  bractea  ;  and  it 
diflers  stdl  more  firom  Pfcea  pecti- 
nkta,  in  the  shape  of  the  bract,  and 
its  upward  curved  lines. 

1  5.  P.  (p.)  PfcHTA.    The  Pitch 
Silver  Fir. 

agmmifmeii.     Plinit  Pidda  Lodd.  Cat.    ed. 

1836  i  P.  sOKrica  MmH.  (  J*M«  ilbirlca  Le4e' 

hour  Icon.  Pi.  Fl.  Bou.  t.  499..  thM,  In 

PrNNif  Cm.,   No.  t.;    d,  Pkkta    Fbcbart 

Plchu,  Am, 
BmgroHngt.    Led.  Icon.  PL  Fl.  Rom.,  t.  499.  x 

wad  our  Jig.  I9ftl . 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  solitary, 
tetragonal,  dark  green.  Cones  -  ] 
cylindrical,  erect.  Scales  cuneate-  \ 
obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
quite  entire,  convex  externally. 
A  tree  of  the  middle  size.  Altai 
Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of 
4000  ft.,  where   it   knoB    whole 

3x 


1044 


ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


forests ;  towards  an  elevation  of  5872  ft.,  it  gradnally  becomes  more  ive. 
Height  30  ft.  to  50  ft.     Introduced  in  1880. 

It  differs  from  a  sflver  fir  chiefly  in  baying  the  leayes  doser  set  on  die 
branches,  and  not  so  silvery  beneath.  Professor  Don  suspects  it  to  be  only  the 
Siberian  variety  of  Picea  pectinkta,  which  ranges  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 

B.  Natives  of  North  America, 
f  6.  P.  balsa'mba.     The  Balm  of  GUead,  or  American^  Sflver  Fir. 

Smommmet.     FtnuM  iMlikmea  Urn,  ^.  PL  I4U.:   P. 

il'MM  bidairaaa  Marth.  Arb.  Amer.  p.  109.     jhskm 

TUxi  fbUo,  Ac,  Hort.  AngL  9.  p^  S. ;  A.  tmbamlnea  N. 

Dm  Ham,  6.  pi  S95. ;  A.  balnnilfeni  Mickx,  N.  Amer. 

Sjfl.  8.  p.  191.  ;  Balsam  Fir ;  la  Baume  de  GlUad,  le 

ftipln  Baumier  da  Giliad,  Pr. ;  Balaam  Fichta,  Balaam 

Tanne,  Oer.i  Pino  baliamifero,  IM, 
Engra9htg$.    LamK  Pin.,  ed.  S.,  K  t<  41.  C  2. ;  Mleh.  N. 

Aroar.  Sjrl.,  S.  t.  ISO. ;  and  our  fig.  1954.  to  our  ufual 

icale ;  uAfigt.  lOftS.  and  IMS.  of  the  natural  die. 

Spec*  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  solitary,  silvery 
beneath,  apex  emarginate  or  entire ; 
somewhat  recurved,  and  spreading.  Cones 
cylindrical,  violet^olourea  ;  and  pointing 
upwards.   (Jlfio&or.)      Leaves  }  in.  Ion?. 

Cones  4  in.  to  4}  in. 

long,  and  ^in.  broad ; 

scaks  from  {-in.  to 


t  in.  broad,  and  %  in. 
lo 


19AS.    P. 


long.  Seed,  with  the 
wing,  \  in.  long,  and 
f  in.  broad.  Seed 
very  small,  irregular; 
about  half  the  size 
of  that  of  the  com- 
mon silver  fir.  Co- 
tyledons, ?  A  tree. 
Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  England,  and 
on  the  Allpghany  mountains,  in  high  and 
cold  situations.  Height  20  ft  to  30  ft, 
rarely  40  ft.  Introduced  in  1 696.  Flow- 
ering in  Mav,  and  ripening  its  cones  in 
the  autumn  following. 

Variety, 

f  P.  6.  8  longifoHa  Booth.  —  Leaves 
longer  than  in  the  species,  with  the 
branches  somewhat  more  upright, 

A  pyramidal  tree, 
in  general  appear- 
ance resembling  the  silver  fir  of  Europe ;  but  seklooi 
found,  even  in  America,  above  80  or  30  feet  in  bdgbt, 
and  not  of  more  than  the  same  number  of  yetf*  ^ 
duration.  The  rate  of  growth,  in  the  dintfte  o' 
London,  is  rather  more  rapid  than  diat  of  the  sOvc 
fir,  the  tree  attaining  the  height  of  10}  ft  in  as 
many  years,  and  amvin^  at  maturitv  in  20  or  2^ 
jrears ;  soon  after  which  it  dies.  Seeds  are  genervl/ 
imported,  and  cones  are  sometimes  ripened  in  this 
country. 

f  7.  P.  (b.)  Fra'ser/.    Fraser's,  or  the  double  Baisam,  Silver  Fir. 

^Ifwjinifc'*.    Anua  Friierf  Punh  n.  Amar.  S«pt.  2.  p.  6B9.,  Lamb.  Pin.  ad.  SL  1.  1 41.}  ^"W* 

FriUar^  IJiidl.  In  Penny  Crc,  No.  5.  -i-         r        i 

Sitgnw'ngM.    LambL  Pin.,  ad.  a.,  1. 1.  i%. ;  and  our  figg.  1996, 1957. 


IBM.   P.  iMlifcmM. 


Lxxvii.  coni'ferx:  pi'cea.  1045 

SfKc.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  linear,  emorsinate,  sSfery  beaeath.     Conet  oUong, 
iquaiTose.  Bnicteoles  somewhat  leaij,  obcordate,  mucroiuue,  half-exaerted, 
reflexEd.  (^Dtai.)     A  tree  so  closely  resembling  the  preceding  kind,  that  it 
is  unnecessaiy  to  describe 
it.  Pursh  found  it  on  high 
mountaini  in  Carolina,  re- 
sembling, he  says,  P.  bal- 
'n  sereral  respects, 


The  original  tree  i*  in  the  Hammersraiih 
Nursery,  where^  in  1837,  it  was  15  ft.  high, 
and  had,  for  two  or  three  J^"^'  produced 
cones,  but  no  male  catkinR.  This  last  circum- 
stance  has  pven  rise  to  the  idea  that  the  male 
and  Temale  are  produced  by  different  trees, 
which  is  exceeitingly  improbable.  Propagated 
by  cuttings. 

C.  Nativet  ofCa&Jarma. 
i  6.  F.  sba'ndis.     The  great  Silver  Fir. 
u  trlDdli  DmuI.  MS.  Lamt.  Pm. 
"-   ■-«.  Id  >i~w  Crc*.  No.S. 


^cc.  Char.,  S/c.  Leaves  flat,  obtuse,  emargi- 
nate,  pecCinste,  silvery  beneath.  Cones 
cylindncal ;  broctcoles  ovnte,  acuminate,  ir- 
regularly dentate,  Tery  short.  (D.  Don.) 
L^vei   from   }  in.  to   I  in.  long.      Cones, 


■ccordiiu  to  Lambert,  6^  in.  long,  snd  3}  in. 
Imiad  i  but  in  Douglas's  specimens  the 
brgest  cones  are  only  SJ  in.  long,  and  2  in. 
brMd,  the  others  being  much  smaller.  Scale 
}  in.  long,  and  j  in.  broad.    Seed  small  i  with 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUH    BRITAKNICUM. 

the  wing  }  m.  long,  ud  |  b.  brad. 
A  lu^le  tree.    Ntxtfiern  CiGfcMi, 
in  low  miwt  nllejt,  where  it  UBm 
the  height  of  iOOft.    Intnidiind  b 
1831,  Bad  u  ;et  ran  b  Bighoi 
A  noble  tree,  akin  to  P.  btUnui. 
with  R  brown  bark.     Leares  mctimte 
•nd  ipreadii^,  linear,  roundiih  K  4e 
apex,  emarginMc,  callous  on  the  nnrp^ 
ouite  entire  ;  green  and  ihiiUDg  iborti 
«il*ery  benesw,  samewbat  dibttd  to- 
wards the  apei ;    1  in.  low    C*" 
lUeral,  sotitarr,  cvlindriei],  obtain  wj 
similiir  to  thtwe  of  P.  Cedna,  but  Iwpf, 
8  in.  long,  of  a  chratnut-bfown  aaat. 
Scales  transverse,  veij  broad,  ImielB- 
fijnn,  deciduous,  stalked,  incurred  m 
the    margin,    much   short»  tbin  *e 
scales.  Seeds  oWong,  with  a  coriMMi 
testa,  and  a  very  broad  wii^- 


U* 


MS. 

from  Diniilu'i  ipBdiBvai  1B  tbfl 
hnbtriun  of  the  Hon.  S«. 
^c.  cam-.,  4-c.  Leaves  flat, 
obtuse,  entire.  Cones  cy- 
liodKcal  1  bracteoles  verv 
■hort,  painted.  Sisles  tn- 
angulsr ;  the  upper  margin 
rounded,  entire.  Leaves, 
on  ^  DougWs  specimen, 
I^  in.  loi^;  and  on  the 
young  ulant  ia  the  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Garden, 


}  in.  long.  Cones  6  rn. 
lone,  and  Ej  in.  broad. 
Scales  l^in.  broad,  and 
ubout  IJin.  long.  Seed, 
with  the  wing,  1  in.  longi 


LXXVii.   coni'ferx:   Pi'C£A.  1047 

wiog  J  in.  broad.  Hie  cone  in  Douglaa's  apecimen  ii  about  twice  aa 
lane  as  those  sent  home  by  him  of  P.  grandii,  and  the  leavea  are 
entire,  instead  of  being  etnarginate ;  but,  in  odier  respects,  we  hare  been 
quite  unable  to  discoTer  any  difference,  dtber  between  the  dried  apecimeiw 
or  the  young  plant*,  worthy  of  being  conndered  specific.  He  cones  were 
sent  home  by  Dou^B  in  1831,  without  anjj  fiirtber  infbnnatioo  than  the 
name.  As  there  are  young  plants  in  the  Chiswick  Qarden,  all  that  is  here 
8ud  must  be  considered  as  nrorisional,  till  these  plants  have  shown  some 
characteristic  features  by  which  they  may  be  either  distinguished  from,  or 
aasodated  with,  other  species. 

t   10.  P.  no'bius.     The  noble,  or  large-imeiai.  Silver  Fir, 

^- ' Pin.  lorn.  I  ud  oat  A^  1961.  aadllj^,  frm  Dou^ulttdaeaUm  Um 


Spec,    Oar.,     ^. 

Leaves  mostl; 
on  one  side  of 
the  bnmcbea, 
falcate,  shor^ 
acute,  silvery 
beneath.  Cones 
cylindrical;  the 
bracteolea  eloD- 

Eited,  spathu- 
te,  gnawed, 
and  imbricated 
baclcwsrda.  (D, 
Dott.)  Leaves 
IJ  in.  long. 
Cone  6^n.  long, 
sessile  ;  S|  in. 
broad.  Scale 
triannilai;  with- 
out the  brectea, 
1}  in.  long,  and 


Ijtin.  in  length. 
Wing  (in.  broad 
in    the   widest 


(in,  broad 
Cotyle- 


fbmia,  fonoing 
vast  foreats  on 
the  mountains. 
Height,  f.  In- 
troduced in 
1B31,  and  verr 
rare  in  British 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


ConeR  lolitBi^,  lateral,  cj'lindricBl, 
browniih  ;  6  in.  to  T  in.  long,  and  S  in.  to  9  in.  in  I 
circumference  I  Bcalealemellironii,stipulate,co-  1 
piously  coTered  with  minute  down  ;  incurved, 
and  qitite  entire  on  Che  margin.  Bracteolea 
much  exBerted,spathuIate,Bdpre8aed  backwards, 
imbricated  ;  Uminee  dilated,  membranaceoui ; 
points  elongated,  awl-thaped,  ligid.  Seeds 
oblong,  with  a  coriaceous  testa;  wing  broad,  i,^.   -   --■ 

axe-shaped,  thinly  membnuaceouB,  pole-co- 
loured i  nearly  allied  to  P.  Fraseii,  but  with  cones  fire  times  as  large. 
{Lamb.)  According  to  Douglas  (Comp.  Sol.  Mag.,  iL  p.  147.},  this  is  a 
nuuestic  tree,  forming  vast  forests  upon  the  mountains  of  Northern  California, 
and  producing  timber  of  excellent  quality.  *■  I  spent  three  weeks  in  a  forest 
composedof  this  tree,' he  says,  "and,  day  by  day,  could  not  cease  to  admire  it." 
J   II.  P.BRiCTB**Ti.     The /M/Scbracted  Silver  Fir. 

1  UK  Trmu.  n.  p.  M).,  L<mi.  Fim-t-i  F.  na&iu  DomtL 


^CmV-M  Bat.  M^. 


Lxxvii.  coni'fer£:  pi'cea.  1049 

..  1. 1,  91.  1  md  outjV-  I9M,  fruin  Lunbnt. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  Z-rowed,  linear,  mucronate,  flat,  Hilrery  beneath. 

Cones  ovate.     Bracteoles  3-lobed  ;  the  middle  divisian  ver^  long,  l^-like, 

recurved.  (D.  Don.)     Cones  4  in.  Ions.     Bractea  nearly  S  id.  long.  Leaves 

Sin.  long.  A  large  tree.    California.    Height  131  ft.  DiBcovered  by  Douglas 

in  183S,  and  about  the  same  period  by  Dr.  Coulter,  but  not  yet  introduced- 

The  tnink  rises  to  the  height  of  120  ft. ;  is  verv  slender,  tiot  exceeding  8  ft. 

in  (urcumference  i  and  as  struct  as  an  bitov.     The  upper  third  of  the  tree  is 

clothed  with  branches,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  an  elonrated  pyramid.   The 

branches  are  spreading  ;  the  lower  ones  are  decumbent.   The  bracteas  are  low 

and  recurred,  and  but  little  changed  from  the  ordinary  leaves,  which  gives  the 

cones  a  singular  appearance.     When  on  the  tree,  being  in  great  clusters,  and 

at  a  great  bright  withal,  the  cones  resemble  the  inflorescence  of  a  Bdnksia, 

D.  if  olivet  of  Mejim. 

1   18.  P.  BEUOIo^i.     Tbe  sacred  Meiicaa  Sitver  Fir. 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  linear, 
acute,  quite  entire,  somewhat 
pectinate.  Cones  roundish- 
oval  ;  scales  tiapezoideo-cor- 
date,  lamelliform  ;  bracteoles 
the  leiwtb  of  the  stales,  spathu- 
lat^obuHig,  shatpU  dentato- 
•errate :  wings  of  the  seed 
plkate.  (2).  Don.')  Leaves 
1|  io.  long.  Cones  S}in.  long, 
and  Sj  in.  broad.  Beed  amaU 
and  irregular.      Cotyledons,  ?. 

A  tall  tree.      Mexico,  on  the  ikj-  r.  idifiiiH. 

mounttuns    of  Anganguco,    at 
8000  or  9000  feet  above  the  sea.  Height  100  ft.  to  I50fl.,with  «  tnmk  fift. 


1050 


ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITAMNICUM. 


1M7.  P. 

to  6  ft.  in  diameter.     Introduced  in  1839,  by  seeds  sent  to  the  Horticul- 
tural Sodety  by  Hartweg. 

Easily  recognised  from  every  other  species  of  silver  fir  by  the  shortness  of 
its  cones,  which,  in  form  and  structure,  bear  a  marked  resemblance  to  tfaoee 
of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  although  they  are  considerably  smaller.  From  the 
elevated  ntuation  on  which  the  tree  grows,  there  can  be  little  doubt  of  its 
proving  perfectly  hardy  in  Britain. 

1  13.  P.  hirtb'lla.     The  hairy  Pine. 
This  species,  which  is  the  il^bies  hirt^Ua  UndL  in  Penm.  (Sfc  No.  11.,  Ptnua 
hirt^lia   Humb,  el  Kttnth  1.  c.  has  the  young  branches  coffered  with  haars. 
Leaves  arranged  in  2  rows,  flat,  acute,  glaucous  beneath  :  about  l^in.  long. 


Lzxvii.  coni'fsels:  pi'cka.  1051 

Vlowers  and  oooes  unknown.  Found  on  the  momittuna  of  Meuco,  UaaOe- 
vationof  8000  or  MOOfeet.  Alow  tre^  from  IB  ft.  to  80ft.higiii  not  vet 
introduced. 

E.  IfiOien  of  NtpaL 

t   ]4,  P.  Wbbbm'kj.     Webb'* jJorpA-connt  Silver  Rt. 

%iH*«Ma<    «niu  WttibMns  W»n.  In  Lltt.,  Lonb.  Plo.  nl. ».  *.  t. «.  i  A  nwcUbtib   r— . 

KHfToai^li.    Liiiiili.Ylii.,ed.S,t.M.i  Mciwit^«.l.l.l  indDurJbi.  I9n.u«ll90. 

i^iffc.  CAar,  4-c.     Leavet  8-rowed,  linear,  flat,  obtusely  enuirKinate,   Mlverj 

beneath.     Cones  nUndrkal  i  vcales  kidn^-thaped,  ronndi£;    bracteolea 

obloi^,  apiculate.  (D.  Dtm.)    Bud*  round,  pointless  tlikklv  covered  with 

B  yellow  resin,  by  which  alone  the  tree  may  be  readtly  dictingoiBhed  from 

every  other  species  of  i^cea.     Cones  from  6^  in.  to  7  m.  long,  and  above 

Sin.  broad.    Leaves  of  young 

plants,  in   the  Horticulture 

Society's  Garden,  from  Uin. 

toSJin.long.  Scale  above  I  in. 

long,  and  1}  in.  broad.   Seeds, 

niui   the   wing,    f  in.    long ; 

wing  { in.  broad  in  the  widrat 

part.     Seeds  -fr  in.  long,  and 

■A  in.  broad.    In  generd  they 

are  smaller,  but  longer,  and 

with  a  sharper  point,  than 

those  of  the  common  silver 

fir ;  and,  like  the  seeds  of  the 

common   silver  lir,    they  arc 

of  a  brownish  purple  colour. 


Cotyledons,?.   A  large,  hand- 
some, pyramidal  tree.    Nepal, 
on  the  Alps  of  Goasainthan. 
Height  80  ft.  to  90  ft.,  withe 
trunk  from  3ft.   to   4ft.   in 
diameter  near  the  base.     In- 
troduced   in    1682.       Cones 
purple,   in    one   or  two    in- 
stances produced  in  England. 
Branches   numen>iis,  spread- 
ing horizontaUv,  much  divided  ; 
densely  clothed  with  leaves  dis- 
posed in  whorls  ;  covered  with 
a    pale,     ash-coloured,    rough, 
Bcely  bark  ;  bent  upwards  at 


1052  ARBORETUM   BT    FBUTICETUN  BRITAMMICUH. 

the  apex.  Wood  compact,  wfakiih  ttmo-aHoar.  The  plant,  id  tbe  clinate  of 
England,  appcan  rather  more  tender  than  the  nlver  fir ;  b^ng  liaUe,  from 
iia  vegetattc^  vmy  earl^  in  ■pring,  to  have  ita  leading  (boots  piodied  bj 
tbe  Iroat.  After  a  lene*  of  yean,  howerer,  and  pfopagatkn  from  uau 
ripened  in  thi*  oouDtry,  it  wiH,  in  all  pnAability,  accommodate  itadf  in  ■ 
connderable  degree  to  the  peculuritjes  of  our  climate.  Wben  once  tbe  tm 
begini  to  bear  conea,  thev  may  be  fecundated  with  the  male  blossoiiM  of  the 
comman  niver  fir,  nod  uu*  a  hybrid  produced  aomewhat  hardier  than  ibe 
female  pareuL 

S   15.  P.  Pi'ndrow.  Th«  Pmdroir,  or  Tootk-leaoed,  Sflrer  Fir. 
%■■»—.    PtDwnKfmfBa^DLLa^Laob,  nn.a.  t.M.1  nuuld 
~  -      '    '.    Ilajt<Ilt,t.W.|  Lab.  Ptn.,  l7t. «. t  <nt  ft*-  >9n 


LXXTii.  coni'fers:  za'rix.  10S3 

spec.  Char.,  ^e.     Leaves  8-rowed,  linear,  flat,  of  the  aaine  colour  on  both 

udes  ;  eharply  E-toothed  at  the  apex.  Crest  of  the  anthers  8-horiied.  Cones 

oral ;  Kales  trapezoideo-contate ; 

brBcIeoles    rauodisb,    emar^nate, 

irregularly  crenulate.    {D.  Don.) 

Leaves  3  in.  long.      Cone  4|  in. 

long,  3j  in.  broad,  of  an  intense 

purple.     A  large  tree.     Kamaon. 

Height  son.  to  100ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1837. 

Professor  Don  observes  that  P 
Pindrom  in  liable  to  be  confounded 
with  P.  Webbiana ;  but  that  the 
former  is  readily  distinguished  from 
the  latter  by  its  longer  and  acutely 
bidented  leaves,  of  nearly  the  uune 
colour  on  both  surface! ;  and  by 
its  shorter  and  thicker  cones,  witti 
trapezoid-formed  scales,  and  rounded 
notched  bfacteoles.  ini.  r.rimtn„. 

I  16.  P.  nk'p^RA.  Htm.    TheNapthal^ne. 
Plants  were  raised  in   Knight's  Nursery  in   1840.     Closely  resembles  P. 
cqihal6nica,  but  is  without  the  twist  in  the  petioles  of  the  leaves. 


Hona'da  MoiiMl^lpbia. 


Gm.  Char.  The  sanie  as  in  jftnes  j  but  with  the  amei  ovat«-conical,  erect, 
and  the  carpctt  and  bracUai  adherent  to  the  aiii.  Lcava  annual,  and  dis- 
posed in  groups. 

Leaea  simple,  in  alternate  laadcles,  eistipulate,  deciduous;  linear.  Howen 
reddish  or  yellowish. — Trees  deciduous,  some  of  them  of  large  dimensions  ; 
natives  of  the  mountainous  r»ions  of  Europe,  the  West  of  Asia,  and  of 
North  America ;  highly  valued  for  the  great  durability  of  their  timber.  The 
common  larch  is  found  extensively  on  the  alpine  districts  of  the  South  of 
Germany,  Switzerland,  Sardinia,  and  Italy ;  but  not  on  the  Pyrenees,  nor 
in  Spain.  The  Russian  larch  (Z..  e.  ^blrica)  is  found  throughout  the 
greater  part  of  Russia  and  Siberia,  where  it  forma  a  tree  generally  inferiM' 
m  size  lo  L.  europte'a.  The  black,  or  weeping,  larch  (L.  americiitia  p^- 
dula)  is  a  slender  tree,  found  in  the  central  districts  of  the  United  States; 
and  the  red  larch  (L.  americina  riibrs),  also  a  slender  tree,  is  found  in 
Lower  Cunsda  and  Labrador.  In  Britain,  all  the  species  are  omameotal ; 
but  the  first  is  the  only  one  at  all  deserving  of  culture  as  a  timber  tree. 

'  1.  L,  xvropm'a  Dee,     The  European,  or  eomoioa,  Larch. 

I  Uiii  LM.  "Sp.  PI.  tm.i  rva  Um  Hen.  CUK  W). ;  ZlHi  dKidua  tnu. 

rli  lailD  decldUD,  At  Baui.  But  ],  IL  KB.  i  lAAi  Bam*,  l^.  p.  *M.  i  J'Vm 

-.-..  »-.  ...-.I.  L  }SI>  r.  I.  i  Ut»u  ammimn,  Fr.  -,  l^ictas,  LontMr-FlchM,  fn»liMr  Ler- 

Emgrariti-  i*-  Oa  HmL.S.  l.^Tr.l.i  Lmb.  PId.,  ed,  9..  1  t  4S.1  Uw'pUln  of  Ihii  tn*  !■ 
Atb.  BrU.,  l([«ilit,>ol.  tULiudoiiiA.  1RT9. 


1064  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Spec.  Ckar^  ^c.  Leaves  fascicled,  dedduoos.  Cones  ovate-oMoi^ ;  scales 
reflexed  at  the  maigio,  lacerete  ;  bncteoles  pandorilbnii.  Leaves  linesr, 
soft,  1  in.  long,  Cone  from  1  in.  to  1}  in.  long,  erect.  A  tall,  pyramidal, 
deciduous  tree.  Alps  of  the  South  of  Burope.  Heisht  80  ft.  Co  100  ft.  lo 
cultivation  in  Britain  since  1689.  Flowering  in  Manm  or  April ;  and  ripen- 
ing its  cones  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year. 

Varieties.  All  the  larches  in  cultivation  are,  probably,  onlv  difierent  forms  of 
the  same  species ;  but,  as  the  American  larches,  whicn  have  smaU  fruit, 
come  tolerably  true  from  seed,  we  shall  treat  them  as  one  species,  and  the 
European  larch  as  another.  The  latter  is  characterised  by  large  cones,  rapid 
growtn,  and  robust  habit ;  and  the  former  by  small  cones,  slow  growth,  and 
slender  habit, 

%  L.  e.  I  eommtknif  Laws.  Bian.  p.  386.  —  Branches  **  aiming  towards 
their  points ;  branchlets  very  numerous,  and  forming  a  dense  cooicsl 
or  pyramidal  top ;  foliage  of  a  light  grassv  or  vivid  green ;  and  bait 
ratner  more  rugged  than  that  of  I^e.  S  laza." 
1  L.  tf.  2  l&xa  Laws.  1.  c.  —  "True  spedmens  of  this  variety  may  easily 
be  distinguished  from  the  others  when  in  nursery  rows,  by  thar 
more  rapid  growth,  more  horizontal  and  less  crow<led  branches,  and 
by  the  aaricer  green,  or  somewhat  glaucous,  colour  of  the  fbtisge." 
1  L.  r.  3  compdcta  Laws.  I.  c. — **  In  habit  of  growth,  the  tree  is  conical 
or  pyramidal,  like  the  common  larch  ;  but  its  branches  are  very  brittle, 
or  easily  broken  from  the  trunk  :  numerous,  horizontal,  or  slightly 
bent  down  near  the  base ;  aspiring  afterwards,  and  die  largo*  ones 
are  finally  erect  towards  the  point,  with  pretty  regularly  verticillate 
branchlets ;  towards  the  centre  of  the  tree,  however,  these  are  pen- 
dulous, and  remarkablv  thickly  interwoven  with  one  another." 
1  L,e,  ^pendula  Laws.  1.  c.—**  Distinguished  bv  the  very  pendulous 
habit  of  its  branches,  which  somewhat  resemble  those  of  L.  ameri- 
cana  p^ndula ;  from  which,  however,  it  difiers  in  the  greater  length 
of  its  leaves,  and  the  larger  size  of  its  cones."    A  native  of  the  Ty- 
rolese  Alps.-*-L.  e,  pen£ja  God$diGi  Gard,  Mag,  voL  xv.  p.  6^:> 
and  the  figure  there  given,  is  a  sub-variety ;  or,  more  probably,  ^^^^ 
cal  with  thb  variety.     It  was  selected  by  Mr.  Oodsall  from  a  bed  of 
seedling  of  the  common  larch. — L.  e,  ripens  I^ws.  L  c.  is  another 
sub-vanety.    The  branches  spread  along  the  sround  to  a  great  dis- 
tance.    A  tree  at  Henham  Hall,  Suffolk,  planted  about  1800,  st 
the  height  of  8  ft.  sends  out  its  branches  horizontally,  and  these, 
being  supported,  extend  north  and  south  over  a  covered  way  nuHne 
than  80  ft.  in  length,  and  16  ft.  in  width.    Another  branch  eztenos 
to  the  west  about  8  ft. ;  and  on  the  east  the  branches  droop  to  tbs 

f  round  and  form  a  perfect  curtain,  as  they  do  also  on  the  west  side. 
See  GartL  Mag.,  vol.  xv.  p.  626.) 

I  L.  ff.5Jlore  ru/nv  Hort.  Trans,  iv.  p.  416.  — The  flowers  vaiy.w 
shade  of  red  or  pink,  and  some  of  them  are  more  or  less  mixed  with 
yellow.  The  cones  are  also  red,  or  reddish  yellow*  The  o^^'^ 
of  the  trees  in  the  Duke  of  Athol's  plantations  at  Dunkeld  and 
Blair  have  red  flowers. 

I  L.  <f.  6  Jidre  6l6o,  Larch  from  the  Tyrol,  with  white  Flowers,  ff<^' 
TVtttu,  1.  c. — The  leaves  of  this  vanety  are  not  different  from  those 
of  the  common  larch  ;  but  the  shoots  are  said  to  be  much  stronger ; 
and  the  cones  white,  as  well  as  the  flowers. 

S  L.  IP.  7  siiirica.  L.  sibirica  Fisck. ;  ?  L.  archang^lica  LaufS.  Ma*- 
p.  389.;  L.  rdssica  Sab.  in  Hort.  Soc.  Oaid.;  i^nus  L.  siblncs 
Lodd.  Cat.;  the  Russian  Larch,  Hort.  Trans,  iv.  p.  416.— T^^ 
are  trees  of  this  variety  in  the  Duke  of  AthoPs  plantadons,  rsised 
from  seeds  procured  from  Archangel  in  1806.  The  appearance  ot 
the  tree  is  said  to  be  coarser  than  that  of  L.  e.  communis.  It  ^  ^ 
much  slower  growth  than  the  larches  of  the  Tyrol ;  and  the  leaves 


LZXTii.  cohi'ferjb  :  xa'rix.  10A5 

come  out  k>  earW  in  npnog,  that  they  are  liable  to  be  bjured  bj 
froat.      The  femsfe  cstliinB  do  not  expand  their  floirets  till  some 
time  after  those  of  the  European  larch  appear.    The  cones  are  like 
those  of  the  American  larch. 
•  I  L.  «.  8  dahirica.     L.  dahilrica  Lawt.  Man.  p.  389.  —  Said  to  be  a 
atimted,  bush;,  and  irregular-growing  tree.    Dahuiia.     Introduced 
in  1687.     Generally  properaled  by  cuttings  or  layers. 
t  1,.  S  mi«)Wi>!ia.    i^.  intermedia  hatot.  M.  p.  369.;   l^us  intenn&lui 
Ijodd,  Cat.  ed.  1836  i  the  Altaian  Larch. — A  ver^  strong  luxuriant 
habit  of  growth,  with  pendulous  btanchea,  and  *crj  \ugt  leave*. 
Introduced  in  1816,  or  Defbre.    Lod. 
Other  VaritUet.     L.  Fraien  Comp.  Bol.  Mag.  vol.  H.  p.  SM.  was  (tisco> 
vered  and  introduced  by  J.  Fraso-  and  hb  boo,  between  1765  and  1817 ) 
but  it  is  (fipsrently  lost. 

The  wood  of  the  lanJi  is  compact,  and  of  a  reddish  or  brown  tinge;  and,  on 
fiivourilite  soils,  is  said  to  be  fit  for  erei;  useful  purpose  in  40  yean'  growth  ; 
while  that  of  the  pinaster  requires  GO  years,  and  the  Scot  (di  pine  80  years.  The 
greatest  drawback  to  the  wood  of  the  larch  is  its  liability  Co  waip.  The  rate 
of  growth  of  the  larch,  in  tlie  climate  of  Loodon,  is  from  20  ft.  to  S5  ft  in  10 


year*  from  tbe  seed  ;  and  nearly  as  great  on  the  decHritiee  of  hills  and 
mountuns  in  the  Hifhlands  of  Scotland.  In  the  course  of  AO  years,  the  tree 
will  attain  the  height  of  80  ft.  or  upwards  ;  and,  in  its  native  hnbitats,  ac- 
cording Co  Willdenow,  it  lives  from  150  Co  SOO  years.  Tbe  wood,  according 
to  Hortig,  weighs  661b.  13  oz.  per  cubic  foot  when  green,  and  361b.  6ot. 
when  dry  ;  and,  according  Co  KasthoSer,  it  lasts  four  times  longer  than  that  of 
any  other  species  of  iflnetiniE.  Though  the  wood  of  the  larch  ignites  with 
difficulty,  and  a  fire  made  of  it  will,  if  not  attended  to,  extingwah  itself  before 
the  wood  is  half-consumed,  yet,  if  properly  managed,  the  wood  of  old  trees  is 
capableof  producing  an  intense  heat.  The  charcoal  is  more  rich  in  carbon  than 
that  of  the  spruce  or  the  silver  fir,  but  less  so  than  that  of  fnne  or  beech. 
it  is  very  heavy,  and  weighs  I6ilb.  per  cubic  foot ;  it  is  said  to  be  excellent 
for  iron  founderiea.  The  bark  of  young  larches  is  astringent,  end  it  is  used  in 
tile  Alps  for  tanning  leather;  where  the  leaves  and  young  shoots  are  some- 
times given  to  cattie.  The  resinous  products  of  the  larch  are,  Veiuce  turpen- 
tine, and  the  manna  de  :&ian(on;  and  both  are  used  m  the  state  in  wDich 
they  are  procured  from  the  tree.     To  obtain  the  turpentine,  trees  are  chosen 


1056  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICDM. 

which  are  neither  too  young  nor  too  old ;  and  mifer  boles  are  made  m  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  trunk,  from  which  the  turpentme  flows  through  sleoder 
tubes  or  gutters  to  a  bucket  at  the  bottom  of  the  tree.  The  manna  is  collected 
from  the  young  shoots  and  leaves.  The  larch  will  grow  rapidly  upon  almost 
any  soil,  and  in  any  situation,  for  the  first  20  or  30  years;  but  it  is  only  in  s 
clear  dry  atmosphere,  on  a  cold-bottomed  soil,  somewhat  moist  on  the  surface, 
that  its  timber  is  brought  to  perfection.  In  plains,  and  near  the  sea,  it  grows 
rapidly  for  30  or  35  years ;  but,  when  felled  in  such  situations,  the  w<xm1  is 
found  rotten  at  the  heart,  and  unfit  for  any  purpose  excqit  fuel.  This  decay 
of  the  wood  is  much  agpuymted  when  the  uurcnes  are  punted  thick,  so  as  to 
expose  but  a  small  portion  of  their  foliage  to  the  sun,  and  to  retain  among 
their  lower  branches  an  atmosphere  surcharged  with  moisture.  The  larch  will 
grow,  and  become  valuable  timber,  at  a  much  greater  elevation  above  the  sea 
than  the  Scotch  pine,  thriving  at  the  height  of  1800  ft.  in  the  Hidilands, 
where  the  Scotch  pine  does  not  attain  a  timber  size  at  a  greater  devadon 
than  900  ft.  In  Switzerland,  Kasthoffer  inform  us,  it  is  found  in  the  highest 
perfection  in  soil  composed  of  the  debris  of  calcareous  rocks,  as  well  as  in 
granitic,  ai^llaceous,  and  schistose  soils.  An  immense  mass  of  valuable 
matter  on  the  culture  and  uses  of  the  larch,  with  a  detailed  account  of  the 
Duke  of  AthoPs  plantations  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  wfll  be  found  in 
our  Ist  edition,  vol.  iv.  p.  2353.  to  2399. 

1  2.  If.  AMERICANA  Michx.    The  American  Larch. 

Idemt^eoHom.    Michx.  N.  Amer  Syl.,  S.  p.  SIS 

agMoiMeB.    FinuM  Juidiu  Dm  Aoi  Harbk.  ad.  Pott.  S.  p.  1 17. ;  P.  mkrooim  WOU.  Smmm.  p.  17S. ; 

jtma  mfcroc&rMi  Pair, ;  Hackmatack,  Amer. ;  Tanarack,  bg  tke  Dmtdk  At  Kev  Jene§  \  E'pi* 

DfCtf  roQM,  At  CtnudUi. 
EmgratrHigM.    Mtchx.  N.  Amer.  87L,  S.  1. 163. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ad.  S.,  t.  M. ;  Um  plata  of  ttili  U«e  fas 

Arb.  Bnt.,  lit  edit.,  toI.  rili. ;  and  oaijlg.  197S. 

Spec.  Char,,  ^c.  Leaves  short.  Cones  small,  ovate-roundish,  with  few  scales. 
Leaves  from  }  in.  to  f  in.  long.  Cones  from  |  in.  to  }  in.  loi^,  and  from 
f  in.  to  f  in.  broad.  A  deciduous  tree,  vrith  a  slender  trunk.  North  Ame- 
rica, Newfoundland  to  Virainia.  Heicht  80  ft.  to  100  ft.  Introduced  in  1739. 
Flowers  red  or  yellow.    Cones  small,  brown,  or  brownish  red  ;  Blay. 

Varieties,  None  of  the  forms  of  this  q)ecie8  can  be  at  all  compared  with  the 
European  larch,  in  point  of  utility,  or  even  ornament. 

%  L.  a.  1  rHifra,  L,  microc4rpa  Laws,  Man,  p.  388. ;  JPinua  microc&rpa 
Pursh  FL  Amer,  Sept,  p.  64<5.,  Lodd,  Cat, ;  E'pinette  rouge,  Canada, 
— Tree  medium<«ized,  upright,  of  a  slender,  conical,  or  pyramidal 
habit  of  erowth,  but  not  so  much  so  as  in  Xr.  a.  p^dula.  Branches 
horizontu,  or  slightly  pendulous,  except  the  upper,  whidi  are  rather 
aspiring ;  branchlets  also  pendulous,  and,  togeUier  with  the  branches, 
more  numerous  and  dense  than  those  of  L.  a.  p^ndula.  The  wood 
is  so  ponderous  that  it  will  scarcely  swim  in  water. 

X  L.  a.  2  pendula,  L,  p^ndula  Laws,  ifan,  p.  387. ;  i^nus  p^dula  AiL 
Hort,  Kew,  ed.  1.  iii.  p.  369.;  P.  intermedia  Du  Roi  Harbk,  ii. 
p.  115.;  P.  Lhnj.  nigra  Marsh,  Arb,  Amer,  p.  203. ;  A'bies  pendula 
Potr.  I)ict,  p.  514.;  Tamarack,  Amer,  —  A  tree  of  medium  size, 
blender,  and  generally  bendins  towards  the  top.  Branches  verti- 
cillate,  few,  remote,  and  pendulous  ;  branchlets  also  thin,  and  more 
pendulous  than  the  branches.  Bark  smooth,  and  veiy  dark-coloured ; 
that  on  the  youngest  twigs  of  a  dark  purplish  colour,  inclining  to 
grey.  Leaves  like  those  of  the  common  larch  in  shape,  but  rather 
longer,  darker  in  colour,  and  arising  from  shorter  and  much  darker- 
coloured  buds  or  sheaths. 

%  L.  a,  Sproiijera,  L,  proUfera  Malcolm, — In  this  variety,  the  axis  of 
the  cones  is  prolon^d  in  the  form  of  a  shoot ;  a  kind  of  monstrosity 
or  morphology  which  is  found  in  all  the  varieties  of  L.  americiUis, 
and  also,  occasionally,  in  some  species  of  ^I'bies  and  Pfcea. 

Michaux  describes  the  American  larch  as  a  tall  slender  tree,  with  a  trunk 


LXXVII.  coni'fera     ce^drus. 


1057 


/x' 


1978.    L. 


80  or  100  feet  high,  and  only  2  or  3  feet  in  diameter.  Its  numerous  branches, 
except  near  the  summit,  are  horizontal  or  declining.  The  bark  is  smooth  and 
shimng  on  the  trunk  and  larger  branches,  but  rugged  on  the  smaller  branches. 
The  leaves  are  flexible,  and  shorter  than  those  ofthe  European  species.  The 
cones  are  small  and  erect ;  green  in  sprine,  and  generally  brown  when  ripe, 
but  sometimes  th^  are  found  of  a  violet  cou>ur.  The  wood,  Michaux  says,  is 
equal  to  that  of  the  European  larch,  being  exceedingly  strong,  and  singularly 
durable.  In  Britain,  it  can  only  be  considered  as  a  curious  or  ornamental 
tree.  Seeds  are  sometimes  ripened  in  this  country,  and  are  also  sometimes 
imported;  in  consequence  of  which,  both  varieties  are  not  uncommon  in  the 
nurseries. 

Genus  V. 


CE'DRUS  Barrel,    Thb  Cedar.    Un,  Sysi.  Monoe^cia  Monad^phia. 

Ideni(fleaU(m,    Barreller,  PUmte  per  GaUiam,  Ac.,  obfenratse,  Ac,  Ic,  499. 

Sitmmgfimn,    Pinna  Lim.  in  part ;  jftlea  Pair.  In  part ;  Utrlx  T\mm.  in  part ;  CMre,  Fr. ;  Ceder, 

Oer. ;  Cedro,  Itai. 
Derivation.    Some  luppose  the  word  Cedrut  to  be  derived  from  Cednm,  a  brook  In  Judea,  on  the 

hanks  of  which  the  cedar  of  Lebanon  was  once  plentinal :  others  from  Ain'o,  1  bum  :  from  the  wood 

of  some  of  the  kinds  of  cedar  being  burned  as  incense :  and  others,  from  the  Arabic  Arrirown,  or 

kidrff  power 

Gen,  Char,  The  same  as  in  Lknx ;  but  with  the  carpels  separating  from  the 
axis,  and  the  leaves  evergreen.  Cones  erect,  large,  solitary.  Anthers 
crowned  by  an  elliptical  scabrous  crest.  Carpels  coriaceous,  compressed, 
deciduous. 

Leaves  simple,  in  alternate  fie»cicles,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  linear. 
Flowers  yellowish,  powdery. —  Trees  majestic  in  form,  and  evergreen  ;  na- 
tives of  Asia  and  Africa,  with  large  spreading  branches.  Extremely  oma^ 
mental,  and  one  species  producing  excellent  timber. 

f  I,  C.  LiBA^Ni  ^orr.    The  Cedar  of  Lebanon. 

IdetUt/lauitm.    Barrel.  Ic,  49&  ;  Edw.  Omltb.,  1. 18& 

^fnonifmet.    itnus  Cddrus  Lin.  Sp.  PL  MM. ;  P.  fblils  fascicul^tls,  ftc.  Du  Roi  Htnrbk,  ed.  Pott. 
S.  p.  190. ;  LMx  CMnis  MiU,  Diet.  No.  3. ;  Lhxix  orienUUis  Tiwrfi.  /m.  p.  586. ;  CMrw  mJEgna 


Dodi,  Pempt,  967.  i  C.  contfera  AmJk.  Pin.  p.  490. ;  C.  phcenicea  Seneaim,  Sp.  p.  47. ;  CSdrus 
BeU.  It.  p.  163. ;  ^iea  CMrus  Pair.  Diet.  Enqfc.  6.  p.  510. 
ingravingt.    Du  Ham.  Arb«,  1.  1. 132. ;  Lan 
Brit.,  1st  edit.,  vol.  tIU.  ;  and  our  fig*  1974. 


u.  II.  p.  ira. ;  ^^lea  todrus  rotr.  Uict.  aneuc.  e.  p.  oio. 
Engravingt.    Du  Ham.  Arb«,  1.  1. 132. ;  Lamb.  Phi.,  ed.  8.,  t.  51. ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  In  Arb. 

.3   Y 


10 J8  ARBORETUM   ET  FRUTICeTUH    BBITAMMICUM. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  tufted,  perennial.  Cones  ovate,  abrupt ;  their  scales 
cliMe-pressed.  Crest  of  the  anthers  ovate,  flat,  erect.  (SmM.)  Cones 
ovate,  from  Sin.  to  5  in.  long,  and  Troni  8  in.  to  i^in. broad.  See^oT  tn 
irrquler  triaiwular  fonn  ;  nearly  Jin.  long,  vith  a  very  broad  membraua- 
ceoua  wing.  Cotyledons  S.  A  large,  spreading  erergreen,  tree.  Syria,  on 
Mount  L^MnoD ;  and  the  North  of  Afnca,  on  Mount  Atlas.  Height  50  ft. 
ID  80  ft.  Introduced  before  1683.  Flowers  yellow  ;  May.  Ctniea  purplish 
brown,  ripcniDg  in  the  autumn  of  the  third  year,  and  remaining  on  tbo 
tree  for  several  years. 
Farielui. 

t  iX  L.  2  JolUiargditeu. — Leaves  of  a  silvery  hue  both  above  and  below. 
There  are  very  large  tree;  of  this  variety  at  Whitton  and  Pud'b  Hill, 
and  a  dwarf  bushy  one,  remarkable  for  its  silvery  Hq>ect,  at  the 
Countess  of  Shaftesbury's   villa  (formerly  the  residence  of  Thomsoa 
the  poet),  on  the  banks  of  the  Thames  at  Richmond,  of  which  there 
is  a  portrait  in  Arb.  Brie,  1st.  edit.,  voL  viii. 
S  C.  ^.  3  nana. — Very  dwarf.     A  plant  at  Heodon  Rectory,  BfiddlesM. 
10  or  18  yeara  old,  is  only  from  S  ft.  to  3  ft.  high,  nraking  shoots 
from  S  in.  to  3  in.  in  a  year. 
The  leading  ehoot,  in  young  trees,  generally  inclines  to  one  nde,  but  it  be- 
comes erect  aa  the  tree  increases  in  hogbt.    The  horizontal  branches,  or  limbs, 
when  the  tree  is  exposed  on  every  side,  ore  very  large  in  proportion  to  the 
trunk  :  they  are  disposed  in  distinct  layen,  or  stages,  and  the  distance  to 
which  they  extend  diminishes  as  they  approach  the  top  ;  thus  forming  a  py> 
ramidal  head,  broad  in  proportion  to  its  height.    The  extremities  of  the  lower 
branches,  in  such  trees,  generally  rest  on  the  ground,  bent  down  by  Ih^  own 
weight ;  but  the^  do  not  root  into  it.     The  summit,  in  young  trees,  is  s(ury ; 
but  in  old  trees  it  becomes  broad  and  flattened.     When  the  cedar  of  Letnnon 
is  drawn  up  among  other  trees,  it  pro- 
duteu  a  clean   straight   trunk,   differing 
only   in   ef>pearfince  from   that   of   the 
larch  in  the  colour  of  its  bark.  The  wood 
of  the  cedar  is  of  a  reddish  white,  light 
and   spon^,  easily  worked,   but  very  , 
apt  to  libnnk  and  warp,  and  by  no  means 
durable.      The  tree,  as   an  omamenlal 
object,    is    most    magnificent  ;    uniting 
the   grand   with   tiie   picturesque,  in   a 
manner  not  equalled  by  any  other  tree 
in  Britain,  either  indigenous  or  intra-  ""''  '^ 

duced.  On  a  lawn,  where  the  soil  is  good,  the  utuation  sheltered.  Mid  the 
Space  ample,  it  forma  a  gigantic  pyramid,  and  confers  dignity  on  the  park  and 
mansion  to  which  it  belongs  ;  ami  it  makes  an  avenue  of  unrivalled  grandeur, 
if  the  trees  are  so  &r  apart  as  to  allow  their  branches  to  extend  on  era;  side. 
If  planted  in  mosses,  it  is,  tike  eveiv  other  species  of  the  |Mne  and  fir  tribe, 
drawn  up  with  a  straight  naked  trunk,  and  scarcely  differs  in  appearance  from 
the  larch,  except  in  being  evergreen.  This  is  exemplified  at  Kenwood,  at 
Claremont,  and  other  places  near  London.  On  the  other  hand,  where  the 
cedar  is  planted  in  masses,  and  a  distance  of  SO  or  60  feet  allowed  between 
each  tree,  nothing  in  the  way  of  sylvan  majesty  can  be  more  suUime  than  sodi 
*  forest  of  living  pyramids.  This  is  exemplified  around  the  cedar  tower  at 
Whitton,  and  on  the  cedar  bank  at  Pepper  Harrow.  The  cedar  wfll  grow  in 
every  soil  and  situation  suitable  for  the  larch.  We  are  not  certain  that  it  will 
grow  equally  well  with  that  tree  at  greu  elevatioos;  thouf^  we  have  Itetle 
doubt  of  it,  provided  it  were  planted  in  masses.  In  the  neighbourhood  of 
London,  it  has  certainly  attained  the  largest  siie  in  deep  sandy  soU,  aa  at 
%on,  Whitton,  aiul  Pain's  Hill ;  but  the  sand  at  these  pUces  is  not  poor ;  and 
at  Whitton,  where  the  tree  has  attained  the  greatam  hei^t  and  bulk,  the 


LXXVII.    CONI^FERifi  :    CB^DRUS.  1059 

roots  are  within  reach  of  water.  The  cones,  which,  as  already  observed,  are 
not  ripe  till  the  autumn  of  the  third  year,  will  keep  five  or  six  years  after 
being  taken  from  the  tree,  so  that  there  is  never  any  risk  of  eettinff  seeds  too 
old  to  vegetate,  in  purchasing  the  cones  that  are  imported  from  the  Levant. 
If  cones  produced  in  Britain  are  kept  a  year  after  being  gathered,  they  may  be 
opened  with  greater  ease  than  when  recentlv  taken  from  the  tree.  To  facili- 
tate the  operation  of  extracting  the  seeds,  the  cones  may  be  steeped  in  water 
for  a  day  or  two,  and  afterwards  split  by  driving  a  sharp  conical  iron  spike 
through  their  axis.  The  scales  being  then  opened  with  the  hand,  the  seeds 
readily  come  out.  The  seeds  ought  to  be  committed  to  the  soil  immediately 
after  being  taken  out  of  the  cones ;  more  especiallv  if  the  latter  have  been 
steeped,  l^cause  in  that  case  the  seeds  have  swellecl,  and  might  be  injured,  if 
left  to  shrink.  If  the  seeds  are  sown  in  March  or  April,  they  will  come  up  in 
a  month  or  six  weeks ;  and  still  sooner  if  they  have  been  steeped.  Like  the 
other  ilbi^tins,  they  should  be  sown  in  light  rich  soil,  and  covered  thinlv. 
Sang  recommends  the  covering  to  be  j^  in.  deep ;  and  this  depth  may  be  di- 
minished or  increased,  according  to  the  lightness  or  heaviness  of  the  soil.  The 
seeds  may  be  either  sown  in  b^s  in  the  open  garden,  or  in  large  flat  pots  or 
boxes  ;  but  the  latter  is  the  more  convenient  mode,  as  it  admits  of  preserving 
the  whole  of  the  roots  in  transplanting.  The  plants  rise  3  or  4  inches  high 
the  first  year,  with  scarcely  any  taproots ;  but  these  increase  afterwards,  as 
the  plants  advance  in  size.  At  the  end  of  the  first  year,  the  seedlings  may  be 
transplanted  into  nursery  lines,  or,  what  is  more  convenient,  into  small  pots ; 
and,  m  conmoiercial  nurseries,  they  should  every  year  be  shifted  into  pots  a  size 
larger,  till  they  are  sold.  In  private  nurseries,  where  the  plants  are  not  likely 
to  be  sent  to  any  distance,  they  may  be  planted  in  the  fi«e  soil  in  nursery  lines, 
like  the  pinaster  and  other  of  the  more  rare  pines  and  firs ;  and,  when  they 
are  removed  to  their  final  situation,  their  roots  may  be  protected  from  the  air, 
by  immersing  them  in  mud  or  puddle.  In  the  nursery  culture  of  the  cedar, 
care  must  l^  taken  not  to  injure  the  leading  shoot,  which  is  said  not  to 
be  readily  renewed  when  broken  off.  In  general,  it  is  advisable  to  tie  the 
leader  to  a  stake,  till  the  plants  are  placed  where  they  are  finally  to  remain ; 
after  which  they  may  be  left  to  themselves.  In  their  progress  from  young 
plants  to  full-grown  trees  they  require  very  little  pruning,  and  suffer  severely 
when  large  branches  are  cut  off. 

t  2.  C,  DsoDA^RA  Roxb.     The  Deodara,  or  Indian,  Cedar. 

Ideni(flcati(m,    Roxb.  Fl.  Ind.  ined. ;  Laws.  Mao.,  p.  SSI. 

I^fntm^met.    PinuM  Deodira  Lunik  Pin.  ed.  S.  t.  62. ;  il^Uei  Deod^a  Undl.  in  Penn.  Cye. ;  De- 

radare,  or  Deodara,  Hhtdottaatee  j  Uie  lacred  Indian  Fir. 
SngraHng$.    Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  3.,  t.  U. ;  oar  Jig.  1977.  to  our  uraal  Kale ;  andjigi.  1976.  and  1976.  of 

toe  natural  flse. 

Spec,  Char,^  ^r.  Leaves  fascicled,  evergreen,  acute,  triquetrous,  rigid.  Cones 
twin,  oval,  obtuse,  erect ;  scales  adpressed.  (Lamb,)  Cones  from  4f^  in.  to 
5 in.  long;  and  fi'om  3^in.  to  3}in.  broad.  Seed,  with  the  wing,  nearly 
1^  in.  long ;  scale  about  the  same  length,  and  2  in.  broad.  A  large  ever- 
green tree.  Nepal  and  lado-Tataric  mountains,  at  10,000  or  12,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Height  5Cft.  to  100  ft.,  rarely  150  ft.  Intro- 
duced in  1822,  and  apparently  as  hardy  as  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  from  which 
it  is  readily  distinguisned  at  a  distance  by  its  general  aspect  being  compara- 
tively whiter. 

Varietiet.  Two  varieties,  or  perhaps  nearly  allied  species,  called  the  Shinlik 
and  Christa  rooroo,  are  mentioned  by  Moorcroft  as  natives  of  the  forests  of 
Ladakh.  (LhuU.  in  Penn,  Cyc.) 

The  branches  are  ample  and  spreading ;  ascending  a  little  near  the  trunk  of 
the  tree,  but  drooping  at  the  extremities.  The  wood  is  compact,  of  a  yel- 
lowish white,  and  strongly  impregnated  with  resin.  The  bark  is  greyish,  and, 
on  the  young  branches,  covered  with  a  glaucous  bloom.  The  leaves  are  either 
solitary  or  tufted,  and  are  very  numerous ;  they  are  lar^  than  those  of  C, 
LibJini,  and  of  a  bluish  but  dark  green,  covered  with  a  light  glaucous  bloom. 

By  2 


1060 


ARBORETUM    ET  FRUTICETUM  BRITANNICUM. 


1975.    C.  Dwiira. 


The  male  catkins  are  upright,  without  footstalks  ;  cyliDdrical  somewhat  club- 
shaped  ;  and  yellowish,  tinged  with  red.  The  cones  are  upri^t,  generally  in 
pairs,  on  short,  thick,  woc^y  footstalks ;  of  nearly  the  same  shape  as  those 
of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon,  but  broader  and  lon^ ;  slightly  tapenng  at  the 
base,  and  somewhat  more  pointed  at  their  summit.  They  are  of  a  rich  red- 
dish brown,  very  resinous,  and  with  the  margms  of  the  scsles  slighdy  marked 
with  green ;  about  4  in.  in  length,  and  from  I  in.  to  84  in.  broad,  'fne  scales 
are  nearly  of  the  same  size  and  ^ape  as  those  of  C  Lib&ni  ;  but  they  hl\  off 
when  ripe,  like  those  of  the  silver  nr.  The  seed  is  light  brown,  and  irrKU- 
larly  shaped,  with  a  large  bright  brown  wing.  The  rate  of  growth,  in  Uie 
climate  of  London,  appears  to  be  much  the  same  as  that  of  the  cedar  of  Le- 
banon ;  and  it  is  equally  hardy.  The  wood  of  the  Cedrus  Deodara  possesses 
all  the  qualities  attributed  by  the  ancients  to  that  of  C.  Liblini.  It  is  very 
compact  and  resinous,  and  has  a  fine,  fragrant,  refreshing  smell,  like  that  felt 
when  walking  in  pine  groves  towards  evening  or  in  moist  weather ;  and  very 


LXXVll.    C0M'F£II«:    AltAUCA'RM.  Iwl 

t  from  that  of 
the  cedar  of  Leba- 
non. The  graia  is 
renuu^Lablv  fine  and 
close,  and  is  capable 
of  receiving  a  very 
hi^  poliah.  It  is  par- 
ticulurly  valued  Ibr 
its  durability  j  and  is 
much  uaea  in  the  " 
construction  of  Hi- 
malayan build  ingH, 
both  public  and  pri-  ' 
Tate,  and  for  brii%cii 
and  boats.  Strips  of 
it  are  also  employed 

for  candles     In  Eng-  ""■  <^  »-'*"■ 

land,  the  specimens  of  the  tree  are  nt  present  small ;  but  the  feathery  light- 
ness of  its  spreading  branches,  and  the  beautiful  glaucous  hue  of  ica  leaves, 
render  it,  even   when  young,  one  of  the  most  ornamental  of  the  coniferous 
trees  i  and  all  the  travellers  who  have  seen  it  fu!'.  grown  airee  that  it  unites 
an  extraordinary  d^ree  of  majesty  and  grandeur  with  its  T>eauty.     The  tree 
thrive!  in  everj-  part  of  Great  Britain  where  it  has  been  tried,  even  at  br 
north  as  Aberdeen;  where,  as  in  many  other 
places,  it  is  found  hardier  than  the  cedar  of 
Lebanon.     It  is  readily  propagated  by  seeds, 
which  preserve  tbdr  viteli^  wheo  unported 
overland  in  the  cones,  but  scarcely  otherwiie. 
It  also  grows  freely  by  cuttings,  and  by  graft- 
ing on   the   common   cedar,  and   the   plants 
appear  as  handsome  and  free-growing  as  those 
raised  from  aeed.     It  has  been  inarched  on  the 
larch  ;  but,  the  biter  tree  being  deciduous,  i 


rbe  doubtful  whether  plants  so  propagated 
attain  a  lurge  siie,  and  be  of  great  dura- 


a  lurge  siie,  and  be  of  great  i 
Ithasbeesgrafled,  inthe  wedge  manner, 
on  the  common  cedar,  in  considerable  num- 
bers, by  Mr.  Barron,  gardener  to  the  Earl  of 
Harrington,  at  Elvaaton  Castle.  Mr.  Balron 
has  given  a  detailed  account  of  his  process,  ,„,.  c.bhmu. 

and  of  the  success  which  attended  it,  in  Gard. 

Mag.,  vol.  xiv.  p.  BO.  The  nursery  culture  of  the  deodara  cedar,  and  the 
•oil  and  situation  in  which  it  is  to  be  finally  plantedi  may  be  considered,  in  oU 
respects,  the  sarae  as  those  of  the  common  cedar. 

GENU8    VI. 


ARAUCA'RIA  Jutt.    The  Arauori*.    Lm.  Syl.  INte'da 
Monad^lph  ia. 
Unu^cadcH.    Juu,  Ota.  Flinl. 

ApHH^Mfi.     RulAuB  Ao/.,  CaljnbW  Sai.,  Dombtja  Lvnb.,  CupiriHui  Furtt.,  Ihe  Boiilhcm  Pl». 
Oerivntton,    Fnrra  ATauejme4^  the  njiinv  of  Uifl  pcopLf  In  whom  coujiLrj  ArAuciHA  kml>rlclttll  growl 

(rni.  char.     Male  fiovxr  with  the  pollen  contained  in  from  10  to  EO  caxea, 
pendent  from  the  apex  of  the  scale.    Omdt  solitary,  connate  jvith  the  carpel 


1062  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUH. 

Leaeet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen;  imbiicate.  —  Trees  of 
magnificent  dimenaions,  and  evergreen ;  nativea  of  Soudi  Americai  Polv- 
neaia,  and  Australia  ;  only  one  of  whichi  the  Anuicina  imbricata,  is  hardjr 
in  the  climate  of  Britain. 

I   ].  A.  iitBRiCA'TA  Pac.     Tlie  imbricBte-^Mwd  Araucaria,  or  CUfi  Pime. 

Htm.  Aad.  Rf«.  MM.  HU.,  ].  p.  I». 


jb.  vm.  to  ISM.  Kn  '\vn.  ii  ■  n 


'miJi.  I  sea.  "tlctaii-t 


iXfc 


Lxxvii.  coni'ferjb:  arauca  kia.  1063 

laaf  orUttlutUFlldls. 

.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  eights,  imbricated,  ovate-lanceolate,  with  per- 
„_jteiit  mucros.  (Fae.)  An  eveween  tree.  Coriiilleras,  in  Chili,  Hei^t 
soft,  to    lOOft..  rarely   150ft.     Introduced  in   1796,  and  flowering  from 


A  very  remarkable  tree ;  the  female  of  which,  according  to  Pavon,  is  about 
150  ft.  high,  while  the  male  is  seldom  more  than  40  or  50  feet  high.     The 
trunk  is  nuite  straight,  and  without  knots,  with  a  strong  arrow-like  leading 
shoot,  pusning  upwards.     It  is  corered  with  double  barii,  the  inner  part  of 
which,  in  old  trees,  is  5  or  6  inches  thick,  fungous,   tenacious,  porous,  and 
light ;  and  from  it,  as  from  almost  ever;  other  part  of  the  tree,  resin  flows  in 
great  abundance ;  the  outer  baric  is  of  nearly  equal  tbickoess,  resembling  cork 
cleft  in  different  directions,  and  equally  resinous  with  the  inner  bark.     In 
Toung     trees,    the 
bark  of  the  trunk 
is     studded    with 
leaves    from     the 
base    of   the   tree 
upwards,  which  re- 
main attached  for 
18    or    15    years. 
The   branches  are   , 
produced  in  whorls  j 
of  6,  7,  and  some-  I 
dntes  8,  in  B  whorl,  I 
the  greater  number  1 
bring  nearest   tile 
ground  ;    and   the 
branches   diminish 
in  length   as   they 
1  ascend   hi^er    up 
I  the  tree  i  tSl,  at  the       ^^^  ^  u„iirt*i». 
I  t<^,  they  terminate 

f  in  a  kind  of  pynunidal  head.  They  are 
horizontal,  indexed,  and  ascending  at 
the  eitremities.  These  large  horizon- 
tal anns,  clothed  with  closely  uabri- 
tMi.  )  i.iiiiini  cated  leaves,  resemble,  in  young  trees, 

snakes  partly  coiled  round  the  trunk, 
and  stretching  forth  their  long  slender  bodies  in  quest  of  prey.  The  leaves 
are  sessile,  somewhat  thickened  at  the  base,  orate -lanceolate,  stiff,  straight, 
somewhat  keel-shaped  below,  and  strongly  mucronate  at  the  apex  ;  verticil- 
late,  with7or  Sin  awhor);  imbricate,  and  closely  encirclm^  the  branches; 
concave,  ripd,  glabrous,  shining,  mnriied  with  longitudinal  lines,  dotted  on 


1064  ARBURETtIM   rr    FRUTICBTUM    BRtTAHN)CUH. 

both  sides  i  leathery,  » 


tilHginoni  margin,  and  remaining 
ntlnched  to  the  tree  for  Beveral 
yean.  The  male  ami  female  cat- 
kini  are  on  leparate  trees  ;  the 
mule*  are  6  or  7  in  a 
cluster,  pedunculate, 
terminal,  yellow,  and 
'  oval,  with  numerous  , 
F  acaleg  i  imbricated,  , 
^  long,  and  recurred  at  J 
the  |wint8 !  the  female 
cHtkmn  are  oval,  with 


weilge^haped     scales, 

with  narrowed  oblong 

brittle    pointi  ;      and 

they  are  produced   at 

the      endi      of      the 

branches,  where   they 

look  at  first  Bight  like 
unnatural  thicken- 
«  i^Miu.  ing  of  the  leavea.  The 
Biu*.  cones,  when  fully  ripe^ 
are  globular,  from  S  in.  to  i  in.  in 
diameter,  and  of  a  dark  brown 
colour.  The  scale*  are  deciduous, 
and  easily  detached.  The  seeds 
are  S  t«  each  scale,  wedge-shaped, 

and  fery  large,  being  more  than  j^    ,  ,MM,tM,mtm 

I  in.    long,   with    a    thick    hard 

shell  surrounding  an  eatable  kemd :  wit^  short  and  obsolete.  The  m«le 
tree  hat  iis  leavea  somewhat  difierently  shaped  from  those  of  the  female  tree, 
and  very  much  resembling  those 
of  A.  braslliina  in  shape,  though 
of  a  different  texture  and  co- 
lour. The  wood  is  red  where 
it  has  been  aflected  by  the 
forest  fires ;  but  otherwise  it  is 
white,  and  towards  the  centre 
of  the  stem  bright  yellow.  It 
yields  to  none  in  hardness  and 
solidity,  and  might  prove  valu- 
able for  many  uses,  if  the  places 
of  growth  of  the  tree  were  lew  , 
inBcceasihle.  Of  the  rate  of 
growth  of  this  tree  in  its  native  ' 
country  very  little  is  stated  by 
travellers.  It  is  probably  slow, 
as  appears  to  lie  the  case  with 
plants  in  the  climate  of  Lon- 
don ;  though  scarcely  any  of 
these  have  yet  had  full  justice 
done  to  them.  Young  plants 
established  in  the  opea  ground 
at  Dropmore  and  Bayfordbury 
make  shoots,  occasionally,  of 
above  a  foot  in  length.  It  may 
be   remarked  of  the  orauotria  isu.  «.HHiou:>iK«ii>isn. 


LXXVII.   CONl'FER-fi:    CUNNINOHA^M/^. 


1065 


in  Britaiii,  that  young  plants 
sometimes  remain  a  whole  year 
without  making  any  shoot  what- 
ever ;  and  that,  at  other  times, 
the  same  plants  require  two 
^^ars  to  perfect  one  shoot,  that 
IS,  the  snoot  continues  slowly 
increasing  in  length  from  the 
midsummer  of  one  year  to  that  .J 
of  the  year  following.  The 
treatment  of  this  tree,  when 
raised  from  seeds,  may  be  con- 
sidered in  all  respects  the  same 
as  that  of  the  cedar;  regard 
being  had  to  the  different  size 
of  the  seeds,  which  will,  of 
course,  require  a  thicker  cover- 
ing. Abundance  of  seeds  have 
lately  been  imported,  from  which 
many  young  plants  have  been 
raised,  and  extensively  distri- 
buted. Fig.  1986.  shows  the 
manner  in  which  the  seeds  ger- 
minate ;  a,  the  first  appearance 
of  the  radicle ;  b,  the  plumular, 
or  young,  shoot,  in  an  advanced 
state. 

A.  brasili&na  Rich,,  A.  ex- 
c61sa  Ait,f  and  A.  Cunningh&mn 
Ait.,  are  half-hardy  species, 
which  will  be  found  described 
at  length,  accompanied  by  nu- 
merous figures,  in  our  first 
edition,  p.  1440.  to  p.  1445. 


Genus  VIL 


E 


CUNNIN0HA'M/i4  R.  Br.    Thb  Cunninohamia.    Xm.  %<•    Monoe'cia 

Monad^lphia. 

Summtfmei,    Plnvu  Lamb^  BdHs  SaiUk. 

Derivatiim,  Named,  bj  Mr.  Brown,  in  honour  of  Mr.  Jama  Cm$mlmfkam,  **  an  exedlent  olMenrer 
In  hU  Uroe,  bjr  whom  Uib  plant  was  dIacoTered ;  and  in  lionour  of  Mr.  Allan  CmuUnakam^  ttie 
▼ery  dfMerring  botanist  who  accompanied  Mr.  Ox\vf  in  his  first  expedldon  into  the  interior  of 
New  South  Wales,  and  Captain  King  in  all  his  Toyams  of  surrar  of  the  ooaat  of  New  Holland." 
(iiSM.if<«.,t.2748.)       ^^  •  /-•  * 

Gen,  Char,    Male  flowers  in  grouped  catkins.    Pollen  contained  in  3  cases 
that  depend  from  the  scale.     Female  with  3  ovules.    Strobile  ovate. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evern-een ;  solitary,  scattered  in 
msertion,  more  or  less  8-ranked  in  direction ;  flat,  acuminate,  and  serrulate. 
—  Only  one  species  has  been  discovered,  which  is  an  evergreen  moderate- 
sized  tree,  a  native  of  China. 

1  I.  C.  siNE^NSis  Rich,    The  Chinese  Cunninghamia,  oir  broadUeaved 

Chinese  Fir, 

IdeniiflaUUm.    Rich.  Conlf.,  p.  149.  t.  18. ;  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed  S.,  S.  t.  S8. 

SynomameM.    Bdlis  Jaculifblla  SaMA.  In  Ltn.  Trant.  8.  p.  316. ;  Plnus  UnceolAta  foMft.  Mtfuvg 
ed.  1. 1.  34. ;  Cunningh&mia  UnceoUUa  R.  Br. ;  Arauciria  lanoeol&ta  Hari. 


I 


1066  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNJCUM. 

Sluratiiif.    Blch.  Canff-  1.  IL  i  Lub.  Moaof.,  ed.  I.,  I.M.1  Lunb.  fin.,  sd.  9^  t-N.i  mr 

M- 1907.  to  our  QMHul  nJ* ;  mAJlg.  ItMA.  of  U»  pimnl  iIh. 

^Tfc.  Cktr^  4''.  Leavei  seeiile,  deflexed,  and  spreading  id  every  directJOD, 
IJin.  loog;  lanceolate,  much  pointed,  rigid,  flat,  qihte  entire,  soniewbtt 
scabrous  on  the  margin.  Male  catkins  terminal,  fascicled,  cylindrical, 
BCarcdy  1  in.  long.  Cones  about  the  siie  of  a  walnut,  sesBile,  droopli^ 
globose,  smooth.  Scales  oyate-acuminate,  coriaceous,  ahaqiiy  denticulated 
OD  the  mai^in.  Branches  for  the  most  part  verticillBte,  spreadine  horiioD- 
tally.  {Lamb.)  A  middle-sized  eversreen  tree.  China.  HeigbtSOn.  toMft. 
Introduced  in  lB04v  and  rather  tender  in  British  gardens. 


Vat  manjr  veora  this  tree  was  kept  in  the  green-house ;  but,  in  1816,  a  plant 
vBS  turned  out  into  a  sheltered  pert  of  the  pleasure-eround  at  Ctaremont,  where 
it  has  continued  to  live  without  protection  ;  and,  though  injured  more  or  less 
by  severe  winters,  it  was,  in  1B37,  18  ft.  high,  the  diameter  of  the  trunk  Tin.. 
and  of  the  heud  16  h.,  which  height  it  had  not  exceeded  in  IS41,  in  conte- 
quence  of  the  top  having  been  frequently  broken  off  by  heavy  snow.  It  is 
very  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  ;  and  there  are  some  trees  at  Dropmore, 
raised  in  this  manner,  wFiich  have  thrown  up  erect  stems  from  the  collar, 
which  will  doubtless  lorm  as  handsome  trees  as  seedlings. 

Dammara  onen\ki\B  Lami.  (JSg,  1989.),  native  of  Amboyna,  and  i}.  australil 
Lamb.  (rig.  1 990.),  native  of  New  Zealand, ere  described  and  figured  in  our 
first  edition,  but  they  are  too  tender  for  the  open  garden. 


LXXVII.    CONl  FER£  :    CUPRE  SSINiB. 


1067 


Tribe  II.     CupRE'^ssiNA. 


fflffiffl 


^5 


aaaa 


The  C^pr688inie  differ  from  the  ^ietinse  in  being,  for  the  greater  part, 
shrubs  or  low  trees,  instead  of  lofty  trees.  They  are  all  evergreen,  with  the 
exception  of  one  species  of  Taxodium  (T.  dfstichum,  the  deciduous  cypress) ; 
and  none  of  them  have  the  branches  disposed  in  whorls,  as  is  the  case  with 
all  the  pines  and  firs  without  exception.  The  greater  part  of  the  species  are 
natives  of  warm  climates,  and  comparatively  few  of  them  are  perfectly  hardy 
in  British  gardens.  One  only,  the  common  juniper,  is  a  native  of  Britain ; 
but  between  30  and  40  foreign  species  and  varieties  endure  the  open  air  in 
England ;  and  8  or  10  of  these  (exclusive  of  Taxddium),  which  nave  been 
not  less  than  30  or  40  years  in  the  country,  and  which  have  had  time  to 
display  their  shapes,  form  very  handsome  or  remarkable  evergreen  low  trees 
or  tall  shrubs ;  such  as  the  red  cedar,  the  white  cedar,  the  eastern  and  western 
arbor  vits,  the  Phoenician  and  tall  juniper,  the  cedar  of  Goa,  the  common  and 
spreading  cypress,  &c.  The  greater  number  of  the  species,  or  alleged  species, 
have,  however,  been  but  a  short  time  in  Britain ;  and  are  only  to  be  seen  as 
very  young  plants  in  the  nurseries,  or  in  very  choice  collections.  These  lately 
introduced  kinds  are  so  imperfectly  known  among  cultivators,  that  little  de- 
pendence is  to  be  placed  on  the  names  which  are  applied  to  them ;  and  there- 
tore  all  that  we  can  recommend  is,  that  they  should  be  as  extensively  introduced 
into  collections  as  possible,  in  order  that  they  may  grow  up  to  some  size,  and 
be  examined  in  vanous  situations  by  difierent  botanists.  It  may  be  observed 
of  all  the  species  of  C^pr^ssinse,  that  it  is  not  easy  to  describe  by  words,  and 
scarcely  practicable  to  illustrate  by  fieures  without  the  fruit,  man^  of  the 
diff^nt  species  of  this  fiimily  ;  nevertneless,  to  a  practised  eye,  it  is  easy  to 
distinguish  the  three  leading  genera,  viz.  Thija,  C\ipr^ssus,  and  Juniperus,  by 
a  portion  of  the  branch,  without  either  flowers  or  fruit  The  flattened,  two- 
edged,  scaly,  imbricated  shoots  of  all  the  thujas,  including  C&Ilitris  (^which 
may,  if  the  reader  chooses,  be  considered  a  sub-genus),  are  two-edged,  wiiether 
the  specimen  be  youn^  or  old ;  those  of  Cupressus  are  scaly  and  imbricated, 
but  angular  or  roundish,  and  never  two-edged ;  and  those  of  Jimfperus,  in 
the  young  state  of  the  plants,  have  distinct  acerose  leaves,  generally  glaucous 
above,  and  often  in  threes  joined  at  the  base.    All  the  kinds  may  b«  propa- 

Stted  by  layers  and  cuttings ;  and  the  more  common  8i>ecies  ripen  seeds  in 
ritain  in  abundance.  The  seeds,  which  generally  lie  a  year  in  the  ground, 
may  be  sown  in  spring ;  and  the  young  plants  may  be  treated  in  all  respects 
like  those  of  the  pine  and  fir  tribe.  When  the  seeds  are  sown  in  autumn,  im- 
mediately after  being  gathered,  they  sometimes  come  up  the  following  year. 
Cuttings  should  be  made  in  autumn,  of  the  wood  of  the  same  year,  with  a 
small  portion  of  the  preceding  year's  wood  attached ;  and  they  should  be 
plantea  in  sand,  or  in  a  very  sandy  loam,  in  a  shady  border,  and  covered  with 
nand-glasses.  Cuttings  put  m  in  September  will  form  callosities  at  their  lower 
extremities  the  same  autumn,  and  snould  be  protected  by  mats  during  severe 
frosts  in  winter :  the  following  autumn  they  will  be  ready  to  transplant. 
Layers  may  be  made  either  in  autumn  or  spring.  The  genera  have  been  tibus 
arranged:  — 

T^u'JA.    Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  4  cases.    Ovules  2.    Leaves 

scale-like,  imbricate. 
Ca'llitris.     Catkins  terminal,  solitary.    Pollen  in  2  to  5  cases.  Ovules  3  or 

more.    Leaves  scale-like,  opposite  or  whorled. 
Cuprb'ssus.     Catkins  solitary.   Pollen  in  4  cases.  Ovules  8  or  more.  Leaves 

imbricate. 
Taxo^iuh.     Catkins  disposed  in  compound  spikes,  female  ones  2  or  3  to- 


1068  ARBORETUM  ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

gether.    Pollen  in  5  cases.    Ovules  2.    Leaves  linear,  in  2  ranks,  de- 
ciduous in  the  only  species  yet  introduced. 
JuniVerus.    Male  catkins  terminal,  female  ones  axillary,  few.    Pollen  in 
3  to  6  cases.    Ovule  one.    Fruit  pulpy.    Leaves  opposite  or  temate,  rigid. 

Genus  VIII. 


fflfflyH 


THXTJA  L.    The  Arbor  Vitjb.    Xm.  SysL   Monce^cia  Monad^Iphia. 

tdemi^lDmtkm.  liii.  Gen.,  1078. ;  Jait.,  41  &  :  Lamb.  Tin.,  ed.  S.,  a. 
Stmomgrne*.  Thuya,  or  Arbra  de  Vie,  Fr.  \  Lebensbftuin.  Ger. ;  Ti^a,  RaL 
Dertvaliom.  From  tkpon,  sacriilcej;  In  conteqaenoe  of  the  resin  of  the  Eaitem  Tarletr  twtag  naed 
Initeed  of  Incente  to  ucriSces.  why  It  wu  called  Arbor  Vitas  if  anoertain.  ParkJoion  tayi  the 
American  speclet  was  presented  to  Francis  I.  under  this  name,  and  that  it  has  been  continued 
ever  since,  though  for  what  reason  he  knows  not  It  was  called  the  Arbor  Vitc  by  Oosins. 
Royle  mentions  that.  In  the  East,  the  cypress  is  called  the  tree  of  life ;  and  diat  its  berries,  Ac^  are 
omsidered  a  cure  for  all  diseases. 

Gen,  Char,  MateJUnpert  in  a  terminal  solitary  catkin.  Pollen  of  each  flower 
included  in  4  cases,  that  are  attached  to  the  inner  hat  of  the  scale,  towards 
its  base.  —  Female  flower  in  terminal  catkins.  Ooartf  connate  with  the 
bractea;  the  two  conjoined  may  be  termed  a  receptacle.  Ovules  2  to  eadi 
receptacle.  Receptacles  semi-peltate,  imbricated,  smooth,  or,  in  some,  having 
a  recurved  beak  near  the  tip.  Seeds  incon^icuously  winged,  or  not  winged. 
Cofyledons  2.     Branchleis  compressed. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  exstipulate,  ever^een ;  2-rowedy 
scale-like,  closely  imbricated,  compressed.  Flowers  yellowish. — Trees  nar- 
row, pyramidal,  and  evergreen ;  or  large  fastigiate  shrubs  ;  natives  of  Asia, 
Africa,  and  North  America,  and  for  the  most  part  hardy  in  British  gardens. 
The  species  have  been  divided  by  Professor  Don  into  the  following  sec- 
tions:— 

i.  Thuja  vhxB,  Cones  oblong-compressed ;  scales  consisting  of  a  definite 
number  (4  or  6),  coriaceous,  smooth,  with  one  tubercle  under  the 
a(}ex  ;  two  exterior  ones  shortened,  boat-shaped.  Seeds  compressed, 
winsed.  To  this  belong  T,  occidentilis  L,,  T,  plicata  Donn^  and  71 
chilensis  D,  Don,  In  T,  occidentals  the  seeds  are  flattened,  winged 
all  round,  emarginate  at  the  apex. 

ii.  Biota,  Cones  roundish,  squarrose ;  scales  indefinite  in  number,  pdtate, 
wood^.  Seeds  bellying,  crustaceous,  without  wings.  To  this  bdongs 
7*.  onent^is  L, 

iii.  CypaHssa,  Cones  roundish  ;  scales  indefinite  in  number,  peltate,  woody. 
Seeds  winged  at  the  apex.  To  this  belong  7\  cupressoldes  L,,  T, 
p^nsilis  2).  Don,  and  T,  p^ndula  D,  Don, 

§  J.  Thuja  vera, 
f   LT,  OCCIDENT A^ us  L,  The  Western,  or  American^  Arbor  Vits. 


de  Vita,  Ilal, 

Enfframmg9,    Michz.  Arb.,  8.  t.  99. ;  the  plate  of  this  tree  In  Arb.  Brit,  IsC  edit,  roL  vllL  ;  and  oar 
Jig.  1991. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Branchlets  2-eJged.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows,  ovate- 
rhomboid,  adpressed,  naked,  tuberculated.  Cones  obovate ;  interior  scales 
truncate,  gibbous  beneath  the  apex.  (  Wittd,)  A  moderate-sized  evergreen 
tree,  or  large  shrub.  Canada.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft.  In  cultivation  in 
England  since  1596.  Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  cones  in  the 
following  autumn. 


LXXVll.    CONI'PERS  ;    THU^JA.  1069 

Farielv. 

i  T.  o.  2  variegSta  Marsh,  p.  843.  T.  o.  l&liit  vari^tu  Lodd.  Cat. 
1836.— Leavefl  varie^ued. 
The  frond<Me~]ikQ  foliage  ia  numeroiul];  ramified,  aiui  flattened,  or  Epread 
out  laterally.  The  leaves  are  small,  oppoBite,  imbricated  scales:  when  bruised, 
Ihey  ilifliise  a  sCron^  aromatic  odour.  The  seies  are  sq>anite  upon  the  same 
tree.  The  male  catkins  are  in  the  form  of  smidi  cones,  which,  when  ripe,  are 
yellowish,  about  4  tines  in  length,  and  composed  of  oblong  scales,  which  open 
throu^out  their  whole  length  Uit  the  escape  of  sereiBl  muiute  seeda,  each  of 


nl.ich  is  surmounted  by  a  short  win^.  Compared  with  the  Oriental,  or  Chinese, 
arbor  vitfe,  the  American  species  is  a  loose  irr^ular-headet]  tree,  with  the 
branches  much  more  horizontal  than  in  that  species.  The  rate  of  growth,  in 
the  climate  of  London,  is  from  6  in.  to  1  ft.  in  a  fear.  Id  ten  years,  in  ta- 
Tourable  soiU,  it  will  attain  the  height  of  10  or  IE  feet  j  end  in  30  or  40  years, 
in  moist  sheltered  situations,  drawn  up  by  other  trees,  it  will  attain  the  hei^t 
of  30  or  40  feet.  The  niost  common  use  of  tliiB  tree  in  Amerioi  is  for  nual 
fencct,  for  which  it  is  highly  esteemed.  The  posts  last  35  or  40  years,  and 
rhe  rails  60  years  ;  or  three  or  four  times  es  long  as  thoae  of  any  other  species. 
The  posts  remain  undecayed  twice  as  long  in  argillaceous  as  in  sandy  soils. 
In  Britain,  the  American  arbor  vitse  can  only  be  considered  as  an  ornamental 
shrub  or  low  tree ;  thriving  well  in  any  soil,  even  in  the  moat  exposed  situa- 
tions, but  attaining  its  la:^est  size  in  tow,  sheltered,  and  moist  places.  It 
grows  much  faster  than  the  oriental  arbor  vits,  bears  the  knife  and  the  shears, 
and  is  frequently  employed  to  form  hedges  for  shelter  in  nrdens  and  nursery 
grounds.  Readily  propagated  b^  seeds,  which  are  procur^  ut  abundance  from 
America  or  ga^ered  from  Briiuh  trees,  or  by  cuttings. 

*  •  8.  T.  (o.)  plica"ta  Bonn.     The  plicate,  or  A'ee'»,  Arbor  Vita. 
UnOlficaUm.    Donn  Hnit.  CanUh , «.  p.  MS.  1  Ijimb.  Pin.,  cd.  t.,  3.  Kd.  «I. 
E^gnrlv.    OnrA.llDe.ln  p.  lilt 

S/'ec.  Char.,  ipc.  firanchlets  compressed,  spreading.  Leaves  rhomboid-ovate, 
acute,  ailpressed,  imbricated  m  4  rows,  nak^,  tut>crcled  in  the  middle. 
Cones  oblong,  nodding.  Seeds  obcordote.  (^Ijomb.  Pin.)  A  tree  resembling 
the  preceding  species,  but  smaller.     Mexico,  and  the  western  shores  of 


1070  ARBORETUM    ET    FBUTICETUH    BBITANNICUM. 

North  America,  at  Nootka  Sound.     Height  SO  fl.  to  30ft.     Intrcxkicaci  in 
]T96,  Hid  frequent  in  collectian*. 

A  very  bnuichy,  spreading,  light  green  tree.     Branches  crowded,  covered 
with  a  reddiih  brown  bark  ;  tmnchleu  dense,  oftea  dinded,  pectinate,  com- 

i  S.T.  chilb'nsh  Lanb.    The  Chili  Arbor  Vltte. 

tdttli/UaUom.    L«ib.  nB..Hl.  1..  1.  p.  ■■■..  Ne.tt. 

Sugrir/mt.    Oar;4.llie.liip.  IIIO. 

Spec.  C/iar.f^c.  Branch  lets  jointed,  spreading,  compressed.  Leaves  otbI^ 
oblong,  obtuse,  somewhat  3-Bngled,  unbricated  in  4  rows,  adpressrd,  naked, 
furrowed  on  both  sides.  Cones  oval-oblong  ;  scales  4,  comprcBsed,  elUptic, 
obtuse.  Seeda  winged  at  the  apex,  entire.  (Lamh.)  A  besutifiil  dar^ 
green  qireading  tree.  Chili,  on  the  Andes.  Hdght  30  fl.  to  40  ft.  Not 
yet  introduced. 

$  ii.   Biota. 
t  4.  T.  omiBHTAYia  L.     The  Oriental,  or  Clmuie,  Arbor  ViIr. 

EnfTM^infi.    Dead.  Bril..  L,  149.  ;'  lud  our  /j[.  IWl. ' 

Spec.  Char.,  Jic.  Branchleta  8-edged.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows,  ovate- 
rhomboid,  odpressed,  furrowed  along  the  middle.  Cones  elliptic ;  interior 
scales  blunt,  mucronate  beneath  the  apex.  (fVUliL)  A  low  evei^reen  tree, 
or  feitigiate  shrub.  China  and  Siberia,  in  rocky  situations  ;  and  also  on 
the  mountains  of  JB|)en.  Height  ISft.  to  SOft.  Introduced  in  IT5S. 
Flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its  brown  cones  in  the  fuUowing  auttunii. 
Varieliet. 

1   T.O.  8  ihlcta  Hon.      T.  pyramidalis  Baum.   Cat.  ed.  1B37  ;  and  the 

plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit.,  1st  ed.  vol.viii — More  &sti^atethan 

the  species  in  its  habit  of  growth. 

■  T.  O.  3  laiirica.  T.  tat&rica  Lodd.  Col.  ed.  1836  ;    T.  Ware.mii  Booth 

Cat.  1830. — Leaves,  and  the  entire  plant,  rather  smaller  than  in  the 


A  low  tree  or  lai^  sbnib;  distinguish  able,  at  first  sight,  &om  tlie  American 


Lxxvii.  coni'fers:  Thu'ja.  1071 

arbor  riue,  bj  its  more  dense  hilnt  of  growth,  hy  its  branchee  being  chiefly 
tUTDed  upwards,  and  by  its  leaves  or  scales  being  smaller,  closer  ti^elher, 
and  of  a  lighter  green.  It  is  a  more  compact-growing  and  handsomer  speriea 
than  the  American  arbor  vitte,  and  quite  hard;  in  the  climate  of  London, 
where,  in  fine  seasons,  it  ripens  seeds.  These  are  generallj  sown  in  pots  im- 
mediately after  they  are  gathered  in  eutmnn,  in  which  case  the  plants  come 
up  the  following  summer  ;  but,  if  the  seedB  are  not  sown  till  Hpniig,  they  fre- 


$  iii.     Cyparitsa. 
T.  cupreaaoldes  L.  a  native  of  die  Cape  of  Qood  Hope,  and  T.  p^rilis 
Lamb.,  a  native  of  China,  exemplify  this  aection,  and  are  described  at  length 
in  our  first  edition,  but  they  va  too  tender  foe  the  open  garden. 

2  5.  T.  fb'xbula  Lamb.     The  pendulous,  or  weeping.  Arbor  Vitee. 
UttU^etUom.    Lunh.Fln-.ed.l.t.  t.67. 

SriKinmn.    >  T,  UUinBlt  Lad4.  t  t  Ju-vdotna  OmrrilHiimli  Hirrt.   (SmNh.  1  uid  D.  In  p.  lOTG.) 
AwmA^I.    LsdL  Pin.,  id.  1..  S.  t  ST. ;  oarjit.  I9M.  u  oar  onut  late ;  awt  Jig.  19m.  ot  t)i« 


Sper.  Char.,  ^r.  Leftves  opposite  and  decussating,  spreading,  lanceolote,  mu- 
cronulate,  keeled,  somewhat  distant.  Cones  globose.  Scales  convex, 
smooth.  Branches  Gliibrm,  pendulous.  (Lamb.)  firancbes  very  long, 
hanging  down  in  the  most  graceful  manner  ;  light  green.  Cones  globose, 
about  the  taie  of  a  wild  cherry.  6-vulved ;  Talvea  roundish,  very  thick, 
fungous,  externally  convex,  smooth.  A  low  eveivreen  tre&  Chinese 
Tartary.     Height?.     Introduced  in  1800,  or  probably  before. 


been  struck   in   1937   and   1S38.      A  very   remarkable   and  very  desirable 
Bpeaet  i  quite  hardy,  and  not  very  difficult  to  propagate. 

T.  filif&mis  Lodd.  (probably  T.  p^ndula  Lamb.),  of  which  there  arc  young 
plants  in  the  collection  at  Ifockney,  is  noticed  in  our  first  edition ;  and  T. 
dolalffiUa  L.,  a  large  lofty  tree,  a  native  of  Japan,  is  described  at  length,  but 
not  yet  inlroducetC 


1072 


ARBORETUM    BT   FRUTICSTUM   BR1TANNICUM. 


OfiNUS   IX. 


CA^LLITRIS  Vefit.   The  Callitris.   Iah.  SytU  MooceV^  Monadelphia. 

IdaUifieatkm.    Vent  Dec.  Not.  Gen. ;  R.  Brown  in  Lift. :  RldkL  M£m.  sur  les  Coninret,  p.  141. 
8gmom^me$.    Thi^a,  pert  oT,  Lim. ;  FnuOUa  MirtMl  M£m  Mim. 

Oen.  Char,  Male  flowen  in  tenninal  solitary  catkiDB.  Folien  of  each  flower 
contained  in  8 — 5  cases,  attached  to  the  lower  part  of  the  scale,  which  is 
peltate.  ^-  Female  flowen  in  terminal  catkins,  or  4—6  ovaries  ;  or  else  re- 
ceptacles, each  spreading  at  the  tip,  and  disposed  upon  so  short  an  axis  aa 
to  seem,  in  the  state  of  miit,  the  valves  of  a  regular  pericarp,  al  whidi  time 
each  has  a  mucro  near  the  tip.  Ovule*  3  or  many  to  each  ovary,  or  re- 
ceptacle.   Seed  winged.  (G.  JOim,^ 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  whorled,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  linear,  scal^ 
shaped,  situated  under  the  joints  of  the  branches.  FUnien  yeUowish. 
—Trees  evergreen,  low,  or  shrubs,  with  jointed  branches  ;  natives  of  Africa, 
with  the  habit  of  Cupr6s8us  or  71l^ja. 

This  genus  was  established  from  the  Thi^a  articuUta  of  Desfontaines.  It 
diflbrs  from  the  genus  ThiSijiL  in  having  the  scales  of  the  female  catkins  con- 
stantly from  4  to  6,  all  opening  like  the  valves  of  a  regular  pericarp  ;  and  in 
having,  at  the  base  of  each  of  these  scales,  a  number  of  seeds,  wing^  on  the 
margin,  whereas  in  Thi^a  they  are  wanting,  or  inconspicuous. 

i  1.  C.  auADRivA'Lvis  FetU.    The  four-valved  Callitria. 

McmMcmtiom.    Vflotenat,  Dec.  Nor.  Oen. }  Ridi.  Mte.  nir  let  ConiArae,  p.  46. 

SMmnmmet.    Thi^a  artlcoUU  Dctf.  ML  2.  p.  8AS.,  Arb.  et  ArMiu.  %.  p.  676. ;  Ctaprtent  articuUtn 

P/i».  W'ob,  p.  191. 
Smgra^ii^.    N.  Du  Ham.,  8.  fe.  6. ; 

Codd.  Sot  Cab.,  t.  844. ;  and  our 
Jig.  1996.  from  ipedmena  reoetved 

from  M.  Otto  of  Berlin. 

Spec,  Char,,  4*^.  Leaves  flat- 
tened, articulate.  Female 
catkin  tetragonal,  with  4 
oval  valves,  each  furnished 
with  a  point,  and  2  of  which 
bear  seeds.  {Deif*)  A  low 
evergreen  tree.  Barbary. 
Heidit  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  In- 
troduced in  1815,  and  flow- 
ering from  February  to 
May. 

Rather  tender  in  the  open 
air  in  the  climate  of  London, 
but  may  be  kept  against  a 

WalL  1893.    C.  qaadrlvUflfc 

1  C,  FothergUfi.  ?  Cupr^sus  FothergflU. — ^There  are  youns  plants  of  this 
name  at  Elvaston  Castle,  and  in  some  of  the  nurseries,  whioi  m  general  ap- 
pearance resemble  the  common  evergreen  cypress. 

1  C,  iriquetra.  Cupr6ssus  trfquetra  Ijodd.  Cat.  ed.  1836. — A  native  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  introduced  in  1820.  There  are  plants  at  Messrs. 
Loddiges's,  and  also  at  Elvaston  Castle,  where  it  has  stood  out  three  years, 
and  appears  quite  hard  v. 

1  C.  cuprenif6rmu  Vent.,  Loud.  Hort.  Brit  p.  490.  —  A  native  of  New 
Holland,  mtroduced  in  1826.  There  are  small  plants  of  it  in  various  nur- 
s\.  ries. 

t  C,  macTQitdchifa  Hort. — There  is  a  plant  at  Elvaston  Castle. 


Lxxvii.  coNiVERiC:  cupre'ssus.  )07d 

Genus  X. 


ME 


.    CUPRE'SSUS  L.    Thb  Cyprbss.    Lm.  Syst.  Monoe'cia  Monad^phia. 

MmfOlMfAm.    Lin.  Geo.,  No.  1079. ;  Jan.  41S. 

^fnom§me$.    Cyprte.  Fr.  \  Cy^rmae,  Oer. ;  Ctpretio,  Ital.  i  Ciprocte,  Port. ;  Cyprot,  IhutgarUm. 

oerhaUom.  Aeeordrng  Co  mhim,  from  And,  to  produce,  and  parUM,  nearly  reMmDllns ;  in  allusion 
to  the  regularity  of  the  brancbet ;  or  from  Cifpari$»m*.  a  bcautiftil  youth  of  the  Island  of  Ceo«.  who 
was  changed  into  a  cypress  t  or.  according  to  others,  from  the  Isle  of  CJiprM,  where  one  spedes  of 
the  tree  was  found  in  abondanoe. 

Gen.  Char,  Male  flower  in  terminal  solitary  catkins.  PfMen  of  each  flower 
contained  in  4  cases,  attached  to  the  scale  on  the  inner  face  at  the  lower 
edge.  Scalet  peltate.  —  Female  flowers  with  the  ovaries  connate  with  the 
bractea,  and  constituting  a  receptacle.  Oimlet  to  each  receptacle  8  or  more. 
Sfrvinle  globose.  Receptacles,  as  included  in  the  strobile,  peltate,  having 
an  obscure  tubercle  at  the  tip  ;  disposed  collaterallv,  not  imbricately.  Seeds 
compressed^  angular ;  afi&zed  to  the  narrow  basal  part  of  the  receptacle. 
Co^/edons  2. 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  adpressedly  imbricated, 
linear.  Flowers  yellowish.— Evergreen  trees,  or  large  shrubs ;  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America ;  remarkable  for  the  fine  grain  and  dura- 
bility of  their  wood ;  propagated  by  seeds,  which  require  the  same  soil  and 
treatment  as  the  Ablitinad. 

t  \,  C,  sEHPERvfRRNS  L.    The  comnum,  or  evergreen,  Cypress. 

IdentifieaUom.    Hort.  Cliff.,  449. ;  N.  Du  Ham.,  S.  p.  S.  \  Lam.  Diet.,  1. 

^MOMymes.    C.  pyramidaiis  Hort.\  ?  C.  fhstigUita  Hort.  and  PM.  Wob.  p.  IM. ;  Cyprte  pyramidal, 

Cyprus  ordinaire,  Wr. :  gemeine  Cypressenhaum,  Qer.  \  the  Italian  Qrprees. 
£iV*'«*^«>    Dend.  Brit.,  1. 156. :  N.  Du  Ham.,  3.  1. 1. 137 ;  the  plates  of  this  tree  in  Arb.  Brit., 

1st  edit.,  T<d.  tUI.  ;  and  our>^.  1996. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Branchlets  quadrangular.  Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rows, 
obtuse,  adpressed,  convex.  Cones  globose ;  scales  mutic.  Branches  straight. 
(Willd,)  A  fastiffiate  evergreen  tree.  South  of  Europe,  Greece,  Turkey, 
Persia,  and  Asia  Minor.  Height,  in  its  native  country,  50  ft.  to  60  ft. ;  in 
the  climate  of  London,  30  ft  to  40  ft.,  rarely  50  h.  Introduced  before  1548. 
Flowering  in  April  and  Bfay,  and  ripening  its  dark  brown  cones  in  the  fol- 
lowing March  or  April. 

yarieHes, 

f  C.  «.  1  stricia  MilL  Diet.  Cypres  male,  Fr,  —  Branches  upright,  and 
closely  pressed  towards  the  trunk.  It  is  the  most  common  form 
of  the  species.  (See  the  plate  of  C,  sempervlrens  in  Arb,  Brit,,  Ist 
edit.,  vol.  viii.) 

1  C.  «.  2  horizontdlis  Mill.  Diet.  C.  horizontalis  K.  Du  Hmn,  3.  p.  6. ; 
C,  exp&nsa  HcrU  Par, ;  Cipresso  femino  Ital,  —  Branches  spread- 
ing. (See  the  plate  of  this  tree  in  Arb,  Brit,,  Ist  edit.,  vol.  viii.) 
There  is  an  old  tree  of  this  variety  in  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Garden, 
which  by  some  is  considered  a  species  ;  and  in  the  Gard.  Mag,  for 
1839,  p.  696.,  an  engraving  is  given  of  the  Cypress  of  Mistra,  which 
appears  to  be  of  thb  variety.  The  latter,  when  measured  by  the  Earl 
of  Aberdeen  in  1803,  had  a  trunk  26  ft  in  circumference  at  4  ft.  from 
the  ground,  and  appoved  to  be  150  ft  high. 

The  cone  of  the  cypress  is  composed  of  large,  angular,  corky  scales,  slightly 
convex  on  the  outside,  streaked  m  rays,  and  mucronate  in  the  centre ;  b&> 
coming  woody  and  separating  when  ripe ;  on  the  inside,  ending  in  a  thick 
anguhir  peduncle,  to  tne  extremity  of  which  adhere  4  little  nuts,  which  are 
bony,  oboyate,  compressed,  or  irregularly  angular,  and  covered  with  a  thin' 
membranaceous  skin  of  a  dun  colour.  The  seed  is  of  a  bay  colour,  and  of  a 
linear-oblong  shape.    The  wood  i.s  hard,  fragrant,  and  of  a  remarkably  fin«i 

3  z 


1074  ARDOREIUM    ET    FItUTICETUH    BRITitNMICUM. 


never  loiiea.  l^e  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  wiU  aTenge,  for 
the  firat  B  or  10  yean,  from  I  fl.  to  I  fl.  6  in.  a  year  ;  after  which  the  tree 
growB  more  bIowI^  ;  end,  when  it  has  attained  its  full  size,  and  a  between 
30ft.  and  40ft.  high,  it  wilt  live  many  yam  without  any  perceptible  increase 
in  dimenrionB.  Any  common  garden  soil  suits  the  cypress ;  but  it  attains  it* 
larsest  lize  in  such  aoils  as  are  rather  dry  and  deep,  and  in  ntuations  Hheltered 
retner  than  exposed.  It  may  be  nropagated  dther  by  cuttinea  or  seoia ;  the 
former  bdng  put  in  in  autumn,  and  treated  like  those  of  Tli^ja.  The  cones, 
which  appear  to  be  ripe  in  autunm,  are  not  perfectly  so,  but  require  to  hang 
on  the  trees  till  the  following  March  or  Apnl.  They  may  then  be  gaibered, 
end  placed  in  a  warm  room,  or  in  a  box  or  basket.and  set  in  a  dry  stove.  In 
a  few  days  the  scales  will  open,  when  the  cones  may  be  thrashed  and  the 
seeds  collected  :  they  may  be  immediately  afterwards  sown,  and  treated  like 
those  of  the  Ahiitmic.  In  England,  it  is  common  to  sow  the  seeds  in  flat 
pans  or  in  boxe»  ;  because,  as  they  are  somewhat  tender  when  tbey  first  come 
up,  they  admit  of  being  more  readily  protected  by  bein^  carried  to  a  pit. 
Unlike  the  seeds  of  the  genus  7'hilja,  which  commonly  lie  in  the  ground  a 
year,  those  of  the  cypress  come  up  in  three  or  four  weeks.  Tbc^  grow  to 
the  hdght  of  3  or  4  inches  the  first  season,  and  may  be  transplanted  mto  pots, 
and  kept  in  a  pit  through  the  winter.  At  the  end  of  the  second  autumn,  ihey 
nay  be  planted  where  they  arc  finally  to  remain  ;  but,  if  it  be  thoiuht  aeces- 
•ary,  they  may  be  kept  three  or  four  yean  in  pots ;  lifting  tbem  frequently, 
or  allowing  them  to  remain  in  the  pot  unshlfted,  according  aa  the  otgect  maj 
be  to  produce  large  plants,  or  to  concentrate  the  roots  in  a  small  ball,  so  aa 
to  occupy  less  space  in  sending  the  trees  to  a  distance.  When  the  cypress  ia 
planted  where  it  is  finally  to  remain,  and  the  ntuation  and  soil  are  suitable,  it 
may  be  uid  to  require  no  farther  attention  during  the  whole  of  its  existence. 
It  always  grows  erect,  so  that  no  care  is  requisite  to  train  up  a  leading  shoot  ; 
and,  a*  it*  branches  occupy  little  qwce,  it  uldom  or  never  requites  pruning. 

Z  2.  C.  rav&lDKS  L.     The  Thuja-like  Cypress,  or  tViHe  Cedar. 
MtwMcaUim.    WUM.  Sp.  PL.  *■  p.  tlL;  Ucbi.  N.  Admt.  Si),  t.  p.  av.i  Punh  Sept.,  1.  e*S.i 

»aawiH>.    n6^iBtmr6Uilii  Etc*.  Mm.  lyr  la  Omff.  9.  *^._i  Crptt  Oat  Tbajt.  FT. 
SwwAyi.    N.Dufuiii.,a.i.l.i  N.  Amur.  £7l.,ai.iaS.i  Wiu&md.  BcU.,  (.  las-i  udour 


LXXVII.    CONIFXRiE:    CUPRE'liSUS.  1075 

Spec.  Char.,  3rc.  Braachlets  comprested.  Learea  imbricBted  in  4  rows,  ovate, 
tiiberculate  at  the  base.  (  WiOd.)  An  erergreen  tree ;  in  Engtend  a  ahnib. 
New  England  to  Carolina,  in  deep  awampe.  Height,  in  the  aoDthern  atatea 
of  AinencB,TOft,  toeoft.;  in  the  climate  of  London.  I  Oft.  to  15  ft.,  rarely 
30  ft-  Introduced  in  1736.  Flowering  in  April  and  Haj,  and  ripeaiiig  ita 
couea  about  the  tame  dme  to  tbe  following  year. 

Farletie,. 

X   C.  t.  8  ySJiu  variegilii.  —  LesTea  TSiiegated,  or  blotched  with  white. 
I   C.  t.  3  luiiu  Hort.  —  Habit  dwarf.     Bieter  Nuraery. 
The  white  cedar,  in  the  cli- 

inate  of   London,   ia  of   slow 

growth,  seldom   exceeding  the 

height  of  4  or  5  feet  in  10  or  18 

years,   and   but  rarely    found 

above  that  hei^t.    Cooes  are 

MNDethnes   imported ;  and  the 

aeeds   may  be    sown   early   in 

apring,   and   treated   in   all  re- 

Bpecta  like  those  of  Cupr^ssua 

aanperrlrena  :   it  may  also  be 

propagated    by  cuttings  ;    and, 

in  the   London  nurseriea,  it  is 

sometimea  raited  by  layer*. 

t  3.  C.  lusita'nica  TWm.     The  Cedar  o/Goa,  or  Portuguese  Cypreaa. 

nmlfkabB.     TDuni..  NT.  I  Dd  Hm,  Aib..  J.  p.  198. ;  Lwnb.  Pin  ,  td.  1..  I.  t,  SI, 

Sina!r<-a.    C  ilidca  Bnl.  ff.  Lut,  I.  D.  3I«.  I  C.  pifDdiili  L-HMt  SOrp.  Sot.  p.  lit. ;  CaUr  a( 

BuHKO.    C.p}DdiiliiT»aM»..Laiii».i>ALKLl.  *.(.«..  liiupimdtD bam dlflhnotplul. 
Zwrimivi.    LuBb.  Pin.,  t.  U.  i  N.  Dn  Hu.,  •.  1. 1. 1  tha  M^  of  tkli  tm  In  Arb.  Bril.,  lU 

ail.  ia.  Till.  I  .Dd  Muji,.  IW8. 


Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Branchea   ttexitosc,  spreading;  branchleU  quwlnmgular. 


1076  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

Leaves  imbricated  in  4  rovi, : 

Pin.)     A  branchy  erergttea  O..  .     .  _.  . , 

Indies,  and  for  Duuiy  years  cultivated  id  PomiKal.  Height  50  ft. ;  in  Eng- 
land,  15ft.  to  30ft.  Intri>duced  in  I6S3.  FloiTeriiigin  April  and  May, 
and  ripening  its  cones  in  the  foUowiog  spring. 

This  species,  in  the  climate  of  London,  attains  the  hdgfat  of  10  or  19  feet  in 
twelve  ^art,  and  forms  a  remarkably  handsome  loir  tree,  with  spreading 
branches,  somewhat  pendulous,  and  covered  with  fine  daucoiis  foliage.  In  the 
winter  of  1B3T-6,  however,  it  was  every  where  killed  to  the  ground.  The 
tree  is  abundant  at  Bussaco,  near  Coimbra,  in  Portugal,  whence  cones  might 
be  imported,  and  thus  so  fine  s  tree  rendered  fi«qnent  in  collections.  lt« 
seeds  may  be  treated  like  those  of  the  white  cedar ;  or  it  may  be  pn^iagsted 
by  cuttings,  as  in  Tlilja, 

1  4.  C.  TOBDLo'si.  Lamb.     The  Biolmt,  or  twisted.  Cypress. 


Oiuj^f .  im,  xoSil.  of  Um Mtural  iIk.  {ram  qHctnau  t*tm  ma  ttat  plml  Is  Um 


Spm.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  orate-obtuse,  imbricated  in  4  rows.  Oalbulus 
globose,  pedicellate.  Scales  bossed.  Branchlets  round,  knotted,  divari- 
cate, crowded,  spreading.  (Lamb.)  A  beButiful,  pyramidal,  much4iranched, 
eversreen  tree.  Nepal,  on  the  Bhotan  Alps,  at  1500  ft.  above  the  tea. 
Hei^tSOft.     lotroduced  m  1834.     Flowermg  in  ApriL 


Branches  crowded,  ascending  >  branchlets  much  crowded,  round,  divaricate, 

E reading,  knotted,  8  in.  to  6  in.  long,  very  closely  imbricated  with  leaves, 
oives  sniall,  ovate-obtuse,  convex,  smooth,  imbricated  in  4  rows,  adpreased, 
green  i  adult  ones  persistent,  and  tailing  off  with  the  baik.  Only  voung  male 
catkins  seen.  It  appears  tola^ly  hardy,  and  is  remarkably  haatuome;  and 
there  are  now  abundance  of  plants  in  the  nurseries. 

1  5,  C.  pb'ndula  ntoA.     The  weeping  Cypress. 


IF" 


idulous  ;   the  younger  short,  alternate,  9- 

.J _^.     An  evergreen  tree.     China,  said  to  have  been 

introduced  in  1S08,  but  respecting  which  we  know  nothing 
with  certainty.  The  pendulous  cyjnVBs,  or  Tli^ja,  at 
(Ihelsea  and  in  the  Kew  arboretum,  may  possibly  be  the 
same  as  Thunbei^s  plant. 


LXXVII.    CONl'Fl 


Olker  Xhidt  of  Cuprana,  n 

C  horizcnlaiu  AudibCTt. — This  plant  baa  been  already  alluded  to  (p.  1073.) 
M  being  considered  by  some  la  be  tbe  same  as  the  spreading  Tarie^  of  C,  eesa- 
pervIrenE  ;  and  by  others  as  a  distinct  species. 

C.  lAwifera  H.  B.  et  KuQth,  Linnaea,  vol.  lii.  p,  493. — A  tree  from  50  ft. 
to  60  ft.  high,  with  lea? es  ovste-lanceoUte,  acuininate-poiiited,  scarcely  a  line  in 
length ;  those  on  the  young  shoots  about  i  or  a  line  long.  Hexico,  W  the 
height  of  5000  ft.     Introduced  in  1638.     Hort.  Soc 

C.  Toumefirla  Audiberi. — The  plant  bearing  this  name  in  the  Horticultural 
Society's  Garden,  recaved  from  Audib^  in  IS34,  ia  2  ft.  high. 

C.  bacdfirmii  Willd.— A  hardy  tree,  SO  ft.  high.     Introduced  b  ISIS. 
C.  auilraiit  Pers. — A  shrub  with  slender  branches,  a  native  of  New  HolUnd, 
and  rather  tender. 

C.  aabinoidet  H.  B.  et  Kuath.  —  A  very  doubtful  specie*. 
C.  Coutlim  Pm.  Woh.  p.  190.— Mexico.     Raised  frinn  seeds  in  the  Olas- 
nerin  Botanic  Garden  in  1637.  ?  C.  thurifera  U,  B.  el  JTiouA. 

Cfatti^dta  Hort.,  Hn.  Wob.  p.  186.,  Oard.  Mag.  IB3S  p.  871.  ^unf- 
perus  &stigiAta  Hurt. — Said  to  be  distinguished  from  C.  semperrirens  by  its 
"  veiy  blue  glaucous  leaves  "  1  but  aj)pBrently  nothing  but  C.  Bempervlrens  (of 
which  it  is  tbe  common  name  in  many  parts  of  the  Conduent),  as  indicated 


under  that  spedes. 


Obnus  XI. 


TAXODIUM  mdt.     Tbb  Taxodium,  or  DbcidOOUS  CYPBXSS.     Lm.  ^, 
Monce'cia  Monadflphia. 


Sr»-tr«ui.    ruprfalul°/...''fciiub«U«Mlrb.,ciiiiyioci.^Sa 
DcritaOm.    From  1mm,  Uw  T^w,  Md  ri*ii,  like  i  Oi«  t™w  r«» 


Dblibs  tb*  jvw. 


Polien  rf  each  flower  borne  in  5  cases,  attached  t 
base. — Female  Jhwert  b  catkins,  2 — 3  toother;  near  the  base  of  the  spike 
of  catkins  of  male  flowers  ;  each  consistmg  of  a  small  number  of  flowers. 
OmUet  8  to  an  ovary.  SlrobiU  globose,  ScaU$  peltate,  angled.  Seed  angled 
b  outUne,  and  having  angular  projections  on  the  surbce ;  its  bt^piment 
ytrj  thick.     Co^edmu  6 — 7. 


Decauae  tl 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BKITANNICUM. 


-upresmi 
n  loose  spreadioe  Dunchei,  instaul  of  bdng  scdilaiy  and  tenniiul ; 
'  1  female  catkins  are  roundub  and  sralj,  like  tbe  male,  and  each 
>d\j  9  perfect  flowera.  The  genui  is  aJso  diitingiiiahed  bj  the 
embrjo  haring  from  3  to  9  cotjiedont.  Ine  ipedcs  are  generallf  propagated 
by  i^di,  and  the  varieties  bj  cutdngi,  taj^en,  or  inarching. 

X  I.  T.  Di'iTicBVK  RiiA.  The  two>ranked-^nii>«J  Tuodinin,  or  Daxtmna 
Cypr«.. 

MnutkoMa.    Bldi.  Mtm.iarlM  CoaU.,  p.  U.  141  ^  Lunb.  Fln..sd.  1^1.  t.  El. 

awmnifmtM.  CoprtHut  iUtktt*  Urn.  Sm.  PL  IMt.,  ^unt  Fl.  Jmtr.  Serf.  -.  C.  unirtdu  C^.  CWvT. 
I.  ILll.i  C. -rligtiMB^  Omtm.  Oirf,  I.  p.  III.  i  ScbuUrUn  dlUlcha  frffi -,  b^d  CrpnH.  Unirm, 
^mtfr.i  Crprte  da  I'AmCrlqut^  ^TV^  chui?B,  fr.  ^  ivflTiotllge  Cjltnuti  Oev.t  Cifnmto  ^kgglm, 

ptuM  uP  thW  (r«  In  Alb.  BrlL.  IM  tdil..  'dL  tIU.  ;  ud  our  j^.  IDOS. 

Spec.  Cliar.,  ^e.  LesTci  S-roired,  flat,  dedduoiu.  Male  flowers  leaflem  and 
DMUcled.  Conea  somewhat  globose.  {WiUd.)_  A.  loft;  dedduoiu  tree. 
Florida,  Mid  on  the  Delaware  and  Mismsdppi,  in  swampy  ground.  Hnght 
100  ft.  to  150ft,;  in  England,  50  ft.  to  80  ft.  IntHKluixd  befc«e  164a 
It  flowers  in  May,  and  the  cones,  which  are  brown,  are  r^teaed  in  tbe  firing 
of  the  fbllowii^  ye«r. 

i  T.  d.  \  pateia  Ait  Hort.  Kew.  ed.  8.  r.  p.  3S3 — Leaves  approxi- 

inBt«,  and  strictly  £-rowed.     This  is  the  most  comnion  form. 
r  T.   d.    2    niiJaiu,   1.  c.     T.    d.  pfndula  i 

LowL     Hurt.    Brit.  —  LeaTe»    much 

longer  thi<n  those  of  the  spedes,  and 

drcK^ing,  but  more  remote  and  thinner 

"D  texture,  with  a  UhIuous  curly  ap- 


Sodety,  in  1837.  m.^.  T.d.-u-.. 

t  7.  (f.  4  mime.    T.  nn^nae  NmteUc.  — 

Row  &r  it  diSfars  (roro  T.  A.  nutans,  or  whether  it  diSers  at  bH,  we 

areuncertmn.    H.  8.,  in  1937. 

t  T.  d.  S  :  phtdulum.   T.  sin^nse  pendulum  Hort.  —  Tl.  S.,  in  183T. 

The  deciduous  cypress  is  one  of  those  trees  that  sport  exceedingly  in  the 

seed-bed  ;  and,  hence,  wherever  a  Dintber  of  them  are  found  growuc  to> 

gether,  scarcely  any  two  appear  to  have  preciselv  the  same  habit.     Ims  is 

Btr^ii4:ly  the  case  at  White  Knights,  where  there  are  several  scores  of 

trees,  presenting  a  variety  of  forms  and  foliage  almost  as  great  as  their  number. 

They  may  all,  however,  as  well  as  those  enumerated  in  the  above  list,  be 

reduced  to  the  following  four  forms.     I.  Tb«  species,  or  normal  form,  in 

which  the  branches  are  horizontal  or  somewhat  inclined  upwards.     8.  T.  d. 

E£ndulum,wi'h  die  branches  pendulous.  3.  T.  d.  nutans,  with  the  brandies 
orizontal,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  year  pendulous ;  the  leaves  bdng 
twisted  and  comprised  round  them  in  the  early  part  of  the  season,  but 
fully  expanded,  like  those  of  the  species,  towards  the  autumn.  Most  <^ 
these  shoots  have  thdr  points  killed  every  winter,  and  many  of  them  are 
entirely  destroyed.  4^  T.  d.  tortudsum  pendulum,  with  the  leaves  on  the 
youog  shoots  tortuous,  and  the  branches  pendulous.  There  is  a  veir 
elegant  ipedmen  of  this  tree  at  White  Knights.  With  respect  to  the  T. 
■inense  of  cultivators,  we  have  not  been  able  to  discover  in  what  it  difiers 
from  T.  niitans  i  and  of  T.  d.  exc^lsum  we  have  only  seen  very  small  plants. 


LXXVII.    CONt'FEiLE:   TAXO^DIUH. 


The  dedduoiu  cy^noM,  in  America,  attains  it*  largest  die  in  the  iwampa  of 
the  wMithera  Elate*  and  the  Fkiridaa,  on  the  deep  miry  soil  of  whith  a  new 
layer  is  eveiy  year  deposited  by  the  floods.  The  roots  of  large  trees,  par- 
ticularly in  ntuations  subject  to  imindation,  are  chained  with  cooical  protu- 
berances, comBKnly  from  1  ft.  6  b.  to  2  fl.  high,  hdiI  sometimes  from  4  ft.  to 
5  ft.  in  thickness :  they  are  always  hollow,  smooth  on  the  lurftce.  and  covered 
with  a  reddish  bark,  like  the  roots,  which  they  resemble  also  in  the  softness 
of  their  wood.  Hichaux  says  that  "  no  cause  can  be  ass^ed  for  their  ex- 
istence: they  are  peculiar  to  the  deciduous  cypress,  and  begm  to  appear  when 
it  is  only  SO  ft.  or  25  It.  hi^,"  The  Hev.  J.  Mitford  has  suggested  that  the 
absorption  of  air  is  the  probable  purpose  for  which  the  Knobs  protrude 
above  the  water.  Tliey  are  made  use  of  by  the  nwroea  for  beehives.  The 
wood  is  universally  employed,  throu^out  the  United  Btates,  for  the  beat 
kind  of  shingles ;  and  in  Louinana  it  is  used  for  almost  every  other  purpose 
to  which  timber  is  q>plied.  A  rich  moist  soil  is  required  to  produce  the 
deciduous  cypress  of  any  size,  and  it  wSl  not  thrive  in  devateil  situations. 
11)e  species  is  increased  by  Kcede,  which  are  procured  from  imported  cones  : 
they  may  be  treated  in  all  respects  like  those  of  the  common  evei^een 
cypress,  and,  tike  them,  come  up  the  first  ,>'ear.  The  tree  may  also  be  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings,  put  in  in  antiunn,  in  MUid  or  heath  soil,  in  the  shade,  and 
k<.>p[  moist;  a  practice  which.  Boec  observes,  is  in  use  in  the  nurseries  at 
Orleans,  but  not  in  those  at  I'aris  Cuttings  of  the  winter's  wood,  or  of  the 
3s  4 


1080  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

Bummer's  shoots  with  the  leaves  on,  will  root  in  a  vessel  of  water 
in  a  very  few  weeks ;  and,  if  an  inch  of  soil  be  placed  at  the  bottom 
of  the  vessel,  the  fibres  will  root  into  it,  and  the  plants  may  be 
used  as  if  they  had  been  struck  in  the  usual  manner.  Layers, 
put  down  in  moist  soil,  root  the  first  year. 

1  T,  ^empervhretu  Lamb.  Pin.,  ed.  2.,  2.  t.  64.  Our  JSg, 
2007.  —  Leaves  distichous,  linear,  acute,  evergreen,  ccMriaceous, 
elabrous,  opaque.  (Lamb,)  An  evergreen  tree.  Discovered  by 
Mr.  Menzies,  on  the  north-west  coast  of  America,  in  1796;  and 
immense  trees  of  it  were  seen  by  Dr.  Coulter  in  1836 ;  but  it  has 
not  yet  been  introduced.  It  wiU  probably  prove  hardy  ;  and,  in 
that  case,  its  introduction  would  be  exceedingly  desirable. 

Genus  XII. 


fflfflaaaa 


JUNITERUS  L.    Thb  Juniper.    Lm.  Syti.  Dioe^da  Monadelphia. 

Ident^fieatiom,    Lla.  Gen..  No.  1134. ;  Jut.,  413. ;  Lamb.  Pin.  3. 

AmoNynw*.    5UbIna  Bamk.  \  ddnu  Tomm.  \  Gen^vrier,  Fr.  \  Wacfaholda',  Otr. ;  Ginepro,  llmL 
DerHtatUm.    From  junefnu^  rough  or  rade,  Catf.,  the  plants  of  this  genin  bdng  itUr  ahrolw ;  or 
tnmjmmiarea  pcriau,  Arom  the  joang  and  old  leavrt  beinc  on  the  tree  at  the  lamo  time,  or  with 
raferenco  to  the  young  fruit  being  produced  bofore  the  old  fridt  drops  off. 

Gen*  Char,  Male  Jlowert  in  axillary  or  terminal  catkins.  Potlen  of  each 
flower  in  3 — 6  cases,  attached  to  the  basal  edge  of  the  scale,  and  prominent 
from  it — Female  Jlowers  in  axillary  catkins,  resembling  a  bud ;  consistiqg 
of  IS  fleshy  ovaries  ;  bracteated  ac  the  base.  Ovules  1  to  an  ovary.  The 
ovaries  coalesce,  and  become  a  fleshy  juicy  strobile,  resembling  a  berry. 
Seeds  1 — 3,  eadi  obscurely  S-comered,  and  having  5  gjand-bttring  pits 
towards  the  base.  (G,  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  opposite  or  temate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  narrow^ 
rind,  and  not  rarely  minute  and  scale-shaped.  FUniers  yellowish,  from  the 
colour  of  the  pollen. — Trees  evergreen,  low,  or  shrubs ;  natives  of  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  North  America ;  mostly  hardy  in  British  gardens. 

The  wood  of  all  the  species  is  more  or  less  aromatic,  and  very  durable.  Hie 
species,  with  the  exception  of  three  or  four,  which  have  grown  to  some  size, 
and  ripened  fruit  in  Ensland,  are  very  imperfectly  known  to  British  cultivators  ; 
and,  probably,  some  of  those  kinds  which  we  have  given  as  distinct  ^ledes 
may  prove  not  to  be  so.  We  could  not,  however,  avoid  this,  from  the  im- 
possibility of  seeing  any  plants  of  many  of  the  kinda,  but  those  which  were 
auite  young.  All  the  species  are  readuy  propagated  by  seeds,  whidi  retaiii 
teir  vitality,  when  kept  in  the  berry,  tor  several  years;  and,  when  sown, 
lie  one  year,  and  often  two  years,  before  they  come  up.  Hiey  may  also  be 
increased  by  cuttings,  planted  in  sandy  soil,  in  a  shady  situation,  m  the  autumn, 
and  covered  with  a  hand-glass  during  winter;  or  by  layers.  The  species  in 
British  gardens  are  thus  arranged  :  — 

$  i,  Otryoniri.-- Leaves  spreading  in  the  adult  Plants, 

A.     JNoHves  of  Europe, 

1.  commiknis.  8.  Ox/cedrus.  3,  macrodu|>a, 

B.     Naihe  of  Asia, 
4.  drupfkea. 

C.  yative  cf  North  America, 
5.  vii^nica. 


LXXVII.    CONl'PER^:    J^UNl'pERUS.  10 

..  SoMtf.  —  Leave*  imbricated  In  the  adult  Pboti. 

A.     Nativet  of  Ewvpe. 
L  7.  phcenicea.  8.  I^cia.  9.  tburffera. 

B.     Nalhet  of  Aaa. 
Mu        11.  aqiumita.        18.  recilrva.        13.  chinfiuii. 


$  HI  Spetiet  oftdieh  MUU  it  inmutt. 

15.  tetnwoDB.  la  dealbiUa.  SI.  Bedibrdwiu. 

16.  flicmda.  10.  flagelliHrmU.         SS.  HudKmiEnia. 

17.  mezicina.  80.  goiaaotliinea. 

j  L  Ox^cedri.  —  Leaves  spreading  in  the  adult  Plants.    D.  Don. 
A.     Natimt  of  Eumpe, 
■  I.  J.  coMMD'NiB  If.     The commoD  JimipeT. 
«.  1>u  tUm,,  s.  dl  4& 
-'1  am.  p.  a  i  Oaotrrlw  aDDmun, 

<iTjl£.  S014.  to  oar  QHUl  nlo ;  aad 

^xc.  Char.,  ^.  Leaves  in  tfareea,  Epreading,  mucronate.  Betries  icra^ah. 
(fVUld.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  Europe,  on  the  rides  of  hilU  and  in  sandy 
pluns,  and  also  in  North  America  andAsia.  Hei^t£ft.  to  10ft.,  rarely 
15ft.  Flowers  whitish  yellow,  from  the  pollen  j  ripening  in  Hay,  Fruit 
purple  or  black ;  ripe  the  following  spring. 

■  J.  A  1  vuharit  Park.  Thest  1089.  J.  v.  fruticdta  Baui,  Pm.  p.  468. : 
J.  c  erecds  PunA  Ft.  Anur,  Sept.  n.  p.  646. — Leaves,  accmding  to 
Hayne,  |  in.  b  len^b.  A  bushy  shrub,  from  3ft.  to  Aft.  high ;  but, 
in  mvourable  rituations,  grovring  much  higher. 

•  J.  c.  8  luieica  Ait.  Hort.   Kew,  ed.  8.  v.    p.  41+.     ?J.  c.  lastigiita 

Da  Mottlin'i  Cal.  dei  PtmOet  de  ia  Dordogne;  J.  stricta  Hort.  ;  J. 
Bu£cica  MiU,  Did.   No.  8.;  J.  vulgaris  irbor  BauA.t  the  SweiUth, 
OP   Tree,   Juniper.    (j!g,  2008 )  —  Leaves   tpreadinf    and   acute, 
1  in,  in  length ;  branches  erect,  with  oblong  miit.     tW  kind  was 
supposed  by  Miller  to  be  a  species 
because  he  found  it  always  come 
true  ftom  seed.   It  generally  attains 
the  hdght  of  10  or  18  feet,   and 
sometimes  of  16  or  ISfeet ;  in  the 
Forest  of  Fontainebleau,  it  has  at-  J 
tained  the  height  of  M  ft.,  and  ^ 
tables,  calnnets,  and  other  pieces  i 
of  furniture  have  been  made  from  \ 
its  timber.  The  braoches  are  more 
erect  than  those  of  the  common 
juniper  j  the  leaves  are  uorrower, 
they  end  in  more  acute  points,  and 
are  placed  farther  asunder  on  the 
branchea  ;    the   berries    are   also 
larger  and  longer.      It  is  a  native 
of  France,  Sweden,  Denmark,  and 
Norway,  and  is  in  codudod  cuiti-    na.j.t.^m. 
tons.  J. •.KM*.  vatiwiin  British  nurseries. 

•  J.  r.  3  nana  Willd.  8p.  PI.  iv.  p.  854,      J.  commitnis  fl  F1.  Br.  1086. ; 


182  ARBORKTUM    £T   FRUTICETUH    BRITANIIICUM. 

J.  c  MxitiTu  Patt.  Bom.  iL  t.  M. ;  J.  alplna  Bay  Syti.  W4. ;  J.  al- 

plna  minor  Ger.  Emac.  1378. ;    J.  raJDor  hmdUu,  Sic.,  SaJk.  Pat. 

469. ;  J.  nana  SmUA  EngL  Ft  if.  p.  K58. ;   J^.  abtrica  Uori. ;  J.  Uiu)- 

ricB  tforf.  and  AooCA  (we  Card.  3£%.  for  IMO,  p.   10.) ;   J.  c 

montiiut  Jit./forf.fni'.  v.p.415.  Our ^.  8009,  —  LeaTM  brtMder 

and  thicker,  and  truit  loDger,  than  in  the  spedea. 

■  J.  A  4  obt&nga.     J.  obldnp  HoH.  (Jig.  2910.)  —  Lesrcs  longef  than 

in    BDj     other    wiety ;    fruit 

small,    oblong.      Horticultural 

Society'i  Garden. 


■  J.  c.  3  0.  phtdula.  (JIf.  801 1.)— We  m\y  ihb  ni 

which  resembles  .f.c.obldaga  in  the  HoTticultuntI  Sodetv'i  Uwdea 
in  every  respect ;  except  that  the  h«Mt  of  the  main  branches  is  faati- 
giate,  end  the  point*  of  the  •hoota  pendulous.  It  forms  a  yttj 
graceful  plant,  about  5  ft.  high. 

■  J.  c  6  canademu.   J.   canadensis  Lodd.  Cat.  ed. 

IB3e.   (Jig.  8012.)  — A   handsome   vigorous- 

growing  variety,  comii^  near  in  fbliBge  to  J.  c 

niaa  ;  but,  u  we  have  only  seen  a  sntall  plant 

of  it  in  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  we 

are  nnable  to  depict  the  particular  ieature  in 

which  it  differs  from  the  species. 
•  J.  c,  7  deprlua  Pursh  PI.  Amer.   Sept.  n.  6«. 

— A  native  of  North  America,  and  does  not 

grow  above   I   or  2  leet  high  ;  though  its  rm>t 

will  sometimes  cover  a  ipace  of  from  15  ft  to 

£0  ft.  in  diameter,      [t  does  not  appear  to  have 

been  imrodnced.      Possibly  this   may  be  the 

J.  canad^nrai  of  Lodd,  Cat.,  No.  8.  above. 
OlAer  VarietU:  In  Loddiges'i  Catakgm,  there  an 
J.  crocdvia  and  J.  hib^mico,  voy  small  plants,  but 
obviously  belonging  to  J.  commiUiia.  There  cm  be  no 
doubt  of  this,  though,  as  in  the  case  of  J.  c.  cana- 
densis in  the  saiiie  ccAlection,  we  cannot  point  out  in     mil   r  n  nMtrmh 


LXXTIl.   COm'tERS:   JUNl'PEBU8. 

what  the  difltrence  from  the  epeciea  connBti.  Tbete  «re  other 
in  the  nurseriet,  in  some  of  which  the^  ore  applied  to  J.  commi 
to  J.  Jbblna,  Nid  ID  others  to  J.  virguuknB. 

The  rat«  of  growth  of  the 
taller-growinx  varietie*,  id  the 
climate  of  London,  is  from 
6  in.  to  9  in.  a  year,  till  the 
pUots  are  6  or  8  feet  high, 
after  which  the;  grow  more  . 
■low!;  i  and  tbdr  duration  u  ] 
more  ibiia  a  century-  The 
wood  ia  finely  veiDed,  of  a 
yellowiah  brown,  and  »ery 
y  aromatic.  It  weighs,  when 
dry,  above  (8  lb.  per  cubic 
foot.  The  berries  are,  how- 
cTcr,  the  moat  useful  product 
tau.  .r.wnMMk  of  the  jumper,  beiMuaed  for    „t  ^.^.^tafc. 

flaTouring    gin.       The    plaot 
makes  good  garden  hedges,  and  may  be  clipped  into  any  shape. 

ma.  J.  OiT'cBoaus  L.     The  Sharp-Cedar,  or  brown-berrkd.  Juniper. 

UmlificalloK.    LId- Sp.  PI.,  WO.  1  N,  Du  H«ni.,8.  p.  41.        ,  .    .    ,       ,    . , ._ 

bMMC.   J.  n^a  0>»-  Bik  M.  1  J.  m,  monipellinilBiii  I>at.  Ic.  i.  p.  tO.  i  J.  vtuala^^-, 

OxfcHlnxCU.  AUpK.i  0.phani™.I>«t  JVmpl.p.SOS.iUMpriaijCd"!  taCidr,  (*.( 

SpuUcbe  Wuhholdw.  Oir.  i  Ctiro  FeDldo.  luU. 

Bmgrmitgi.     V.  Da  Bun., «. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leavea 
in  threes,  spreading, 
miicronate,  shorter 
than  the  berries. 
{WiUd.y  Aneva^reen 

O  shrub.     Spain,  Portu- 

0il,  and  the  South  of 
France.    Hdg^t  ICI  ft. 
to  12  ft.      Introduced 
BIS.  j.iw— L—  before  1739.    Flower-         ^in  i.inf,^^ 

ing  in  May  and  June. 
Variely. 

M  3.0.2  la&riea  Hort. — Tolerably  distinct ;  and,  according  to  Mr.  Gor- 
don, poaailtly  J.  dhipacea.  (I?ard.  Mag.,  IB40,  p.  10.) 
Closely  allied  to  J.  commiinis.  The  braaches  are  small 
and  taper,  without  angles.  Berries  very  lai^,  of  u 
browniah  red,  and  marked  with  two  white  linea.  Hand- 
some when  allowed  aufBcient  space  t  and  rather  more 
tender  than  J.  coRUSunis. 

«  3.  J.  macroca'bpa  Smilh,  The  large-fruited  Juniper. 
Hinlih  In  n.  OiMe.  Pnxl.,  t.  PL  MI.  I  TBDon  Syll.  Fl. 
r  J.  OiffiramTw.t  J.  mltnw.liiKct  OBiiit,  Timni.  Iml. 
Lob.  Ia»-  I.  p.in  r.l.i  todwjtf.XllT.  of  IhenUuril 


Spec.   Char.,  4^.      Leaves  temate,  spreading,  mucronale, 
sharply  keeled,  one-nerved.      Berries  elliptical,  longer 
■     than  the  leaf.  (SaUM,  Fl.  Gr..  2.  p.  867.)  An  evergreen     w".  J 


1084  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICTEUM    BRITANNICUM. 

ihrub.     Greece.     Hd^bt  10  ft.  to  13  ft.     Introducetl  in  1836,  or  bdbre; 
Sowering  in  Hky  and  iuue. 

The  IcBTe*  are  like  those  of  /.  OifcedruM,  but  the  berries  are  twice  ai  laige, 
and  black,  corei^  with  a  violet  bloom  ;  a  handBome  plant,  though  Jtrj 
probably  only  B  Tariety  of  J.  Ox^cednu. 

B,   Nalhe  of  Atie, 
■  a.  4.  X  pbupa'cba  Lab;  If.  D»  Htnn.      The  dnipaceaui,  or  largt^fridted, 
~       ■"■■    ND.U.iDcat)iat.H]it.dH 


Spec.  Ckar.,  Sfc.  Leaves  in  threes, 
spreading,  acute,  three  times  shorter 
than  the  fruit.  Nut  3-celled.  {LiMi- 
lard.)  An  evergreen  shrub.  Syria, 
Introduced  in  I8£0 ;  but  we  have  only 

C.  Nntii^  of  yorlh  Ameriea. 
1  5.  J.  vibqinia'na  L.     The  Virginian  Jumper,  or  Red  Cedar. 
IdiwMtalbm.    Lin.  Sp.  PI-  MIX.;  Hlctai.  V.  Amfr.  StI.,  t.  D.m. 
EntTZtrnfi.    Mlctai.  N.  Ani«.  Sjl.,  t.  1.  IM-i  tta  plUM  ct  iMi  incin  ArthBrlL,  W(ait.,nl. 

^lec.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  in  threes,  the  three  growing  together  at  the  haae  i 
young  ones  imbricated,  old  ones  spreading.  {Willd.)  An  evergreen  tr«e. 
Maine  to  Oeorgia,  in  woods  and  plains.  Height  40  ft.  to  50  ft. ;  in  England, 
30t>.  to  40  ft.  Introduced  before  1664;  flowering  in  May,  and  ripening  its 
dark  blue  fruit  in  October. 

t  J.  It.  S  humlii  Lodd,  Cat.  ed.  1836.  —  Habit  dwarf. 

f  J.  D.  3  carolinuna.    J.  caroliniana  Du  Roi,  MiU.  Diid.  No.  i.  —  Miller 

says  that  the  lower  leaven  of  this  kind  are  tike  those  of  the  Swedish 

juniper;  but  that  the  upper  lt»vea  are  like  those  of  the  cypress; 

while  in  the  Viiginian  cedar  all  the  leaves  are  like  those  of  the 

juniper.  (Seep.  1088.) 
OUter  Varietict,     The  red  cedar  varies  exceedingly  from  seed.    At  While 


Lxzrn.  coni'feb^:  juni'perus.  1065 

Kirighta,  where  there  are  some  hundreds  of  trees,  some  are  low  and  ipread- 
ins.  Mid  others  tall  aod  fssligiate  ;  some  bear  only  mate  blosaoma,  and 
others  only  female  ones.  The  foliage,  in  tome,  is  of  a  very  hght  hue  ;  in 
others,  it  ia  glaucous  ;  and  in  some  a  very  dark  green.  The  fruit,  also,  vsries 
considerably  in  size ;  but,  perhaps,  the  most  smkhu  variety  ia  one  in  which 
the  branches  are  decidedly  pendent.  Miller  mentions  a  variety  which  has 
leaves  like  a  cypress.  There  are  a  great  many  varieties  at  Elvastoa  Castle ; 
end  some  with  glaucous  foliage  of  very  great  beauty. 

The  rate  of  growth,  in  the  climate  of  London,  is  10  or  IE  feet  in  ten  years  ; 
and  the  duration  of  the  tree  is  upwards  of  a  century.  The  name  of  red  cedar 
has  reference  to  the  beart-wood  of  this  tree,  which  is  of  a  beautiful  red,  while 


the  sap-wood  is  ptffectly  white.  It  is  imported  into  Eo^and  for  the  manu- 
&cture  of  UadC'Ieod  pencils  ;  thou^  the  Bermuda  juoifter  is  preferred  for 
that  purpose.  In  Britain,  the  red  cedar  is  not  planted  as  a  timber  tree  i  though, 
from  the  size  which  it  attains  in  deep  dry  sandy  soils,  it  might  be  worth  white 
to  plant  it  in  maasea  for  this  purpose.  As  an  ornamental  tree  or  large  shrub, 
it  is  highly  valued,  either  for  planting  singly  on  lawns,  or  in  groups  along  with 
other  trees  and  shrubs.  It  is  more  especially  adapted  for  grouping  with  other 
Cuprfasinee,  the  pine  and  fir  tribe,  and  the  yew. 

s  Horl.)  are 

§  ii.  Sabitta.  —  LeavtM  of  the  aduli  Plant  ijnbricaied.    D.  Don. 
A.     AWiow  of  Europe. 
»  0.  J,  Sabi'na.     The  common  Savin. 
Um^lcaliom.    Llii.Sp.,ltT>.;[>air.H]M.<lei  Arb..kc.,I.p.U». 


audoretuh  et  fruticituh  iihit*iiiiic 

1  •Udndv  Wiebbaldw.  St.)  Ploudi 
tsH,  t  M.  f.  1.  i  ud  vaM-  »»- 
&ier.  CAar.,  tfc.  Leavei  ovnl,  opposite,  imbricated,  somewhat  acute,  convex 
on  the  buk ;  tbe  nule  catkiiu  pedunculaU.  Berriei  of  a  blackish  blue, 
generellj  monovpermout.  (A'.  D»  Ham.)  A  low  ereizreen  shrub.  South 
of  Europe  and  Tauria.  Hei^t  7  ft.  to  S  ft.  Introduced  before  1548; 
flowering  in  March  and  Aprfl,  and  ripening  its  blsckiah  hlue  fruit  in  the 
spring  t?  the  following  year. 


(Se.  SOSl.)  —  Leaves  like  those  of  a  cypres*. 
■  J.  s7s  Xamaritei^   AiU  I.  c.     J.  5aMna  MOi.  Diet.  No.  10.     b 


Sabine  fenielle  (jig.  SOti.) 
a  J.   S.  3/6Su  odnwafu  Mart.   HilL— 
Leaves  variegated. 


t.  J.  S.  4  proilrdla,  J,  prostrita  MkAx, ;  J.  repens  Natl. ;  J.  hiids6nica 
Lodd,  Cat.  1836.  (JS^.  S0S3.)— A  low  trailing  plant,  seldom  rising 
above  6  or  8  inches  in  heigbl,  but  rooting  utto  tlie  soil,  and  extend- 
ing its  branches  to  a  great  distance, 
ft.  J.  S.  5  o^'ao.  J.  alplna  Lodd.  Cat.  1896.  (j^.  802i.}— Procumbent, 
and  more  slender  in  its  hatat ;  but,  in  otner  respects,  only  slightly 
different  troui  /.  proatrkta. 
Tbe  savin,  though  generatly  seen,  ii)  British  gardens,  as  a  low  apreadiae 
shrub,  has  Bometimes  an  upright  trunk,  clothed  in  a  reddish  brown  barfc,  and 
rising  to  the  height  of  10  or  18  feet,  or  even  huher.     Its  bnocfaet  ai 
Ktrai^t,  verj  much  ramified,  and  fixm,  with  the  trunk,  a 
regular  pyramid.     Its  young  branchea  are  entirely  corered 
with  imbricated  leaves,  which  have  a  very  strons  and  dis- 
agreeable odour,  and  a  very  bitter  taste.     The  msle  flowers  ■ 
are  disposed  in  small  catkins,  on  peduncles  covered  with  '. 
little  imbricated  leaves,  and  are  dispefBed  laterally  along  ^ 
the  voungest  branches.     The  'ernale  flowers  arc  generally  I 
produced  on  Beparate  trees,  and  are  disposed  in  the  samt 
manner ;  they  are  succeeded  by  ond  berries,  of  a  blue  si  ^ 
de^  as  to  be  almost  black,  and  are  about  the  nie  of  a 
currant ;   they  geoerally  contain  only  one  seed,  which  is 
long,  oval,  and  somewhat  compressed.     A  very  common  <Knsmental   ever^- 
green,  thrivicw  in  the  poorest  soils,  and  in  exposed  situations  ;  in  the  latter 
feinaining  an  Rumble  prostrate  shrub,  and  in  the  fonner  attainh^  a  consider- 
able size. 


Lxxvii.  coNi'rERs:  jum'pebus.  1087 

I  7.  .J.  PB4Biii'cBA  h.    The  PhoiiJcian  Juniper. 

SrwwMB'    CMru  pSmica  mMl*  Z«i.  /«.  1.  p-ui'i  OitcaAnu'lfdM'lM  Pnw.  Ba.i 

OoilirlK  lb  Phtnlda,  A-,  i  dhzbUudHnr  Wichboldtr,  Otr.  ;  Oidn  Udo,  Oaf. 
K<Vra«iV'>    PaU.  Itau..t.H.i  M.  Da  Hiwi..&  pi.  IT.i  Md  oar  j^.  xns. 
Spec,  Char.,  ^c.     Lcbtcs  in  threat,  obliterated,  imbricated,  obtuse.  (WUIdS) 

An  evergreen  shrub  or  knr  tree.    South  oT  Europe,  RuhbIo,  and  the  Lertint. 

Height  10  It  to  80  ft.     Culdvatad  in  1663.     Flowering  in  Ma;  and  June, 

and  tqiening  its  pale  yellow  fruit  at  the  end  of  the  lecond  jear. 

The  young  brandies  are  entirely  covered  with  very  small  leavea,  which  are 
dispoaecl  in  threes  opposite  to  each  other,  closely  coveriDK  the  surface  of  the 
braicbes,  and  I^d  one  upon  another  like  scales.  These  Teavea  are  oval,  ob- 
tuse, somewhat  channeled,  and  convex  on  the  back,  perfectly  smooth.     On 


T 


some  of  the  branches,  a  few  ahajp  linear  leave*  are  (bund,  which  are  about 
3  lines  long,  and  quite  open.  Ine  male  and  female  flowers  are  sometimes 
found  on  tne  same  tree,  but  they  are  eenerally  on  difierent  trees.  Hie  form 
and  dispo«ition  of  the  male  and  female  Sowers  closely  resemble  those  of  J, 
Sbblna.  The  berries  generally  contain  0  bony  seeds  in  each,  of  an  irregular 
oval,  Hlightly  compressed  and  angular ;  the  pulp  is  dry  and  fibrous,  and  in 
the  middle  of  it  are  3  or  4  bladders,  &lled  with  a  xort  of  reainons  fluid.  Much 
less  common  than  so  fine  a  shrub  deserves  to  be. 


S.  J.  (p.)  lt'cu  L.    The  Lydan  Juniper. 


Mciuel«Mii>.    lim.  Is.  ItTl.t  PiU.  ajML.M.D.  1«.  t-se.,  ut.  Hart.  K»..  i 
*  ~  J-f-B  Ifdl  V.  Dm  Bam.  tL  n.  47. 1  dprtHA  Wachholder,  Qir. 

.    PdL  ilau.,I.H.i  N.  Da  Hik.,S.  t.lT.|  OUT  A' WST.,  ud  V>M.  ^ 


Spec.  Char.,  ^e.  Leaves  in  threes,  imbricate  on  all  sides,  ovate,  (dituse. 
Male  flowers  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  in  a  conical  ament ;  and  the  fniit 
Mngle  from  the  axils  below  them,  on  the  same  branch.  Berries  large,  oval, 
and,  when  ripe,  brown.  An  evergreen  shrub.  South  of  Europe,  Levant, 
and  Siberia.  Height  10  ft.  to  15  ft.  Introduced  in  1750,  but  not  common 
in  collections. 


1088  ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

and  the   branchet,  ar«   often  rarioiulj-  deforoied,  with 
scarcely  any  outer  baric.     The  wood  amellfl  very  atrong, 
like  thu  of  the  Bermudu  cedar, 
firanchei   and   bnuichleti   wand-  ' 
like,  and  covered  with  a  testaceous  ■■ 
bark.     Shoots  dark  green,  dicho-   ; 
tomouB,  and  imbricate  twith  icale- 
fbrmed    sharp    leaves.       Berries 
terminal,    globular,    middle-sized,  , 
nearlv  bleck   when  ripe,  and  co- 
vered   with    a  glaucous    bioooi ; 
containing  3  or  4  stones.     Pallas 
adds  that  it  greatly  resembles  the 
'  dwarf  savin,   and   that   it   dlSers 
prindpally  in  the  greater  thickness 
of  the  shoots,  and  in  the  leaves 
being  acute  and  less  clustered.    A 
mi.  j.tp-iLffiM.  very  doubtful  species.  nts.  J.i>.iifcu. 

1  9.  J.  thori'fkha  L.     The  incenB»4>earing,  or  Sp/auth,  Juniper. 

Us.  3p.  p],  UTI.)  Alt.  Hart,  Kcw..  fd.  l.S.n.  41}. 
J.  Iitntaka  Uia.  DtcL  No.  H. ;    CHnu  hlqiidiis,  tc^ 
.    ^;  »».  ftrni  ■  ijMefaH  nnlnil  tme  Mr.  Luabeit. 
^jee.  (^ar.,  ^c.      Leaves  imbricate  ia  4  rows,  acute. 
(WUld.)     An  evergreen  tree.      Spain  and  Portugal.' 
Height  soft,  to  30  ft.     Cultivated  in  1758.     Flower- 
ing in  May  and  June,  and   ripening   its  large  blade 
berries  at  the  end  of  the  following  year. 
The  leaves  are  acute,  and  lie  over  each  other  in  four 
rows,  so  as  to  make  the  branches  appear  four-cornered. 
Berries  very  large,  and  black  when  ripe.      There  is  a 
tree  at  Mr.  Lambert's  seat  at  Boyton,  which,  in  1837, 
was  88  ft.  high,  with  a  trunk  9  in.  in  diameter.  It  strikes 
readily  from  cuttings,  and  deserves  to  be  extensively 
propagated.  »i9.  j.ibaun. 

B.  JVatoe*  of  Alia. 
t   10.  J.  bxcb'ls*  MlUd.     The  tall  Juniper. 

Idmlflaaif*.    WUM.  Sp.  Pl.,4.  p.SM.  i  PunHFL  AuMt.  S«M.,3.p.84;. 
*|WtV«n,    J.  SmMuTU-.J-nfl.  «0M.  Ip.  IJl:  Hlin»l«™C.3*r-woo4. 
Smgr^i^.    «ir.»M.(»ni«jH»iiHboulStt.lll^^ 

i^>ec.  Char.,  J^,     Leaves  opposite,  somewhat  c^tuse,  with  a  cen 

gland ;  4-ranked  and  imbricate ;  slender,  acute,  disposed  in  threes, 

Mid  spreading.     Stem  artwreous.  (Wilid.)     A  tall  eve^reen  tree,  j 

Siberia,  Himalaj-as,  and  North  America,  on  ihe  Rocky  Mountains.  1 

Height  80  ft.  to  30  fl,  rarely  40  ft.    Introduced  in  1B06,  but  bas  not  5 

yet  flowered  in  Briiish  gardens.  j 

A  very  handsome  and  elegnnt  tree,  with  an  upright  trunk  and  1 

slightly  pendulous  branches.    Leaves  opposite,  imbricated  in  4  rows,  \ 

and  having  a  raised  line  on  the  back.     It  is  a  veiy  free  grower  ;  ' 

and  ^parently  as  hardy  as  J.  virpniina. 


.    Lunh.  Pin.,  S.  N&  GS. ;  a  Doi  Fl.  N<p«l(Dtli,  p.  M.  (  Borl>  nt™t. 
Spec.  Ckar.,  ^c.     Leaves  in  threes,  closely  imbricated,  ovateK>blong,  * 


LXXVU.   com'ferx:   JVSI  PEKVB.  1089 

more  or  less  pointed  ;  remaiiung  on  after  they  are  withered  ;  young  ones 
indexed  at  the  apex,  at  if  obtuse.  Berries  ovate,  umbilicate  on  the  top. 
Branches  and  branchlets  crowded,  round.  Stem  proslrate.  (Lamb.  Pib.') 
A  large,  decumbent,  much-bnuiched  evergreen  shrub.  Nepal,  and  on  the 
Bhotan  Alps.  Height  3  ft.  Introduced  in  1884.  Flowering  in  Ai^ust; 
but  only  young  plants  are  in  British  gardens. 

A  Ham.   The  recurred  Nepal  Juniper. 
Ed  Dod'i  Flon  Veptfenb.  p-  H. 

ar-lanceolate,  mucroDE 

looael}'  imbricated,  smooth,  convei  beneath.    Berries 

rouoaisb-ov^  tubercled.     Bramhes   and  branchlcts 

recurved.   (D,  Don.)     An  evergreen  nbrub.     Nqial, 

ui  Naraiohetty.     Hd^ht  ^  ft.  to   10  ft.     Introduced 

in  IttSO.     Flowering  m  May,  and  ripening  its  fruit  in 

November  following. 

It  forms  a  graceful  bush,  or  low  tree,  from  its  pen- 
dulous habit ;  and  it  is  readily  distinguished  from  all 
the  other  spedes,  not  only  bv  this  circumstance,  but  by 
the  mixture  of  its  brown  half-decayed  chaffy  Itaves  of 
the  pa«t   year  with   its  greenish    grey  leaves   of  the 

Eit  year.      The  bark  is  rough,  twown,   and  soon 
to   curl  up,  when  it   has  a  rough   appearance, 
timately  scdes  off.     It  is  as  hardy  as  the  common 
juniper,  and  deserves  to  be  as  generally  cultivated.  mm.  j.n,tm. 

m  jt  13.  J.  chins'nsis  L,     The  Chinese  Juniper. 
I4e»l<ficatimt.    Lin.  Br''.,"M.i  iMcb„<.  ITT.;  Hint.,  llT.i  >Lonr.  Cach.,636. 

SnowM.     f.'.c.  SnilUlff&rl}.Bnt.in«llI.p.  IMS. 
im^Zvititlt.    Oar^.  KBLudaOS).  (ramUlWlliKlaiiil. 

Sprc.  Char.,  ^c.  Leaves  decurrent,  iinbricate-spreading,  clustered  ;  stem 
leaves  in  threes,  branch  leaves  in  fours.  (WUld.)  An  evergreen  tree, 
China.  Height  15  ft.  to 
20  ft.  Introduced  in 
1820,  or  before.  Flowers 
yellowish ;  May.  Fruit 
blackish  blue  j  ripe  in 
November. 

There  are  two  plants  in 
the  Horde uttund  Society's 
Garden  bearing  the  name 
of  J,  sinensis,  male  and 
female,  12  ft.  and  10  ft. 
high.  The  leaves  are  green, 
Hhort,  and  imbricated  ;  the 
wM.  j.duMniii.  f^ji  rough,  angular,  and  dry. 

■  14.  J.  uvi'fera  D.  Don,     The  Grape-bearing,  or  large^hulcd.  Juniper. 


•iTjIg.  1107.  in  p.  Ilia. 

Sprc.  Char.,  S^e.  Leaves  ovate,  obtuse,  adpressed,  imbricMed  in  4  rows. 
Branchlets  short,  erect,  crowded,  knotted.  Drupeii  terminid,  roundish. 
(Lamb.  Fm.)  A  decumbent,  much  branched,  evergreen  shrub.  Cape 
Horn,  and  the  only  species  in  the  southern  hemiwbere.  Introduced  about 
the  beginoing  ot  the  present  century,  but  rare  in  Britiith  gardens. 

Other  Speciet  ofJuMpena,  ofreeait  Introduction,  but  of  which  lUlle  ii  /innivn. 


1090  ARBORETUM    ET   FRUTICETUM    BSITANNICUM. 

obtuse^  egg-shaped  ;  the  fruit  globular  and  small.  (Linnan,  vol.  xii.  p.  496.) 
Mexico,  on  mountains  at  from  10,000  ft.  to  11,000  ft.  eleration,  where  it 
grows  to  the  height  of  4  or  5  feet.  Introduced  in  1838.  (fiord,  Mag^  1839, 
p.  848.) 

J.  flacdda  Schiede.— -A  strone  hieh  tree  with  pendent  shoots,  with  4-rowed, 
scaled,  egg-shaped,  little  lance-luLe  leaves ;  the  fruit  globular,  with  projecting 
pointed  scales.     Introduced  in  1838.  (/Mr/.,  p.  241.) 

J.  mexicdna  Schiede.  —  A  high  pyramidal  tree  with  twigs  and  leaves  re- 
sembling those  of  Cuprous  thuriraira.  The  leaves  do  not  always  stand  in 
threes  on  the  twigs,  but  are  often  opposite ;  they  are  egg-shaped,  and  pointed  ; 
on  the  points  of  the  youngest  shoots  they  are  only  from  )  to  }  of  a  bne  long. 
{Ilrid^  p.  241.)     Had  not  been  introduced  in  1841. 

J.  dealbata  Hort — Supposed  to  be  a  native  of  North-west  America.  It 
has  the  habit  of  the  common  juniper,  but  with  small,  imbricated,  sharp-pointed 
leaves,  rather  distant  on  the  shoots  ;  the  latter  are  rather  slender,  and  of  a 
beautiful  ghiucous  colour,  more  particularly  in  the  eariy  part  of  summer.  The 
scent  is  as  strong  as  that  of  J.  iSabina.  Quite  hardy.  Introduced  in  1839. 
Hort.  Soc.  (<xan/.  Mag.,  1840,  p.  640.) 

i,flageUiftnmt  Hort. — A  native  of  China,  with  long,  slender,  closely  im- 
bricated shoots  (both  young  and  old),  very  much  res^nbling  fine  whipcord. 
Shoots  glaucous,  with  sharp  lanceolate  leaves.  The  fruit  is  small,  globular, 
but  sometimes  slightly  angular,  and  very  glaucous.  Quite  hardy,  and  strikes 
freely  from  cuttings  of  the  two-years-old  wood.  Introd.  1839.    H.  S.   (Jbid,) 

J.  gostainthdnea  Hort. — There  are  small  plants  bearing  this  name  m  the 
collection  of  Messrs.  Loddiges,  which  closely  resemble  J,  rhin^nsis,  but  the 
shoots  are  more  slender. 

J.  Bedfirdman  Hort, — Closely  resembles  J.  vii^niana. 

J.  ^u^oni^a  Pin.  Wob.  p.  208.  —  A  dwarf  procumbent  shrub,  about  2  ft. 
high.     Probably  a  variety  or  J.  5ablna. 

J.  barbadhmi  L.,  described  in  our  first  edition,  is  here  omitted  as  being 
rather  tender. 

J.  hemitpkee'rica  Presl  grows  above  the  boundary  line  of  trees  on  Mount 
Etna,  as  high  as  7,100  ft. ;  but  it  is  not  yet  introduced. 


Order  LXXVIII.    EUPETRAXiEJE. 

identifieaihm.    Nutt.  G«n.,  1  SIS. }  Don  In  Bdinb.  New  Phil.  Joara.,  1896. 

Obd.  Char,  Flowers  dioecious.  Perianth  free,  composed  of  imbricated  scales, 
which  are  disposed  in  two  series.  Stamens  equal  in  number  to  the  inner 
series  of  scales,  and  alternating  with  them.  Anthers  roundish,  of  two  distinct 
cells.  Ovarium  free,  seated  on  a  fleshy  disk,  3 — 6-  or  9-celled.  OvuiMm 
solitary,  ascending.  Style  1.  Stigma  radiatine,  with  as  many  rays  as  there 
are  cells  in  the  ovarium.  Frttit  fleshy,  surrounded  by  the  persistent  perianth 
of  3  to  9  bony  cells.  Seed  solitary.  Embryo  terete,  in  the  centre  of  the 
albumen.     Radicle  inferior. 

Leaves  simple,  exstipulate,  alternate  or  subverticillated,  eversreen  ; 
linear,  heath-uke.  Flowers  axillar}',  minute.  -^  Evergreen  undersnruba  ; 
natives  of  Europe  and  North  and  South  America. 

The  genera  in  British  gardens  are  three,  which  are  thus  contradistin- 
guished :  — 

fMPETRUM.  —  Calyx  3-leaved,  with  six  scales  at  the  base.  Petals  and 
stamens  3-     Berry  depressed,  containing  6 — 9  stones.  (G.  Don,) 

CoRB^A.  —  Calyx  3-leaved,  naked  at  the  base.  Petals  and  stamens  3.  Bory 
globose,  contaming  3  stones.  {G,  Dan.} 

Cerati^ola.  —  Calyx  2-lcaved,  with  4  bracteas  at  the  base.  Petals  and 
stamens  2.     Berry  globose,  containing  2  stones.  (G.  Don.) 


LXXTIII.    £MPETRaVex:    ^'MPETRI'M. 


□ 


fi'MPETBUM  L.    Thb  Cw>wbkhrt.    U«.  S>ftl.  Dloe'cia  Triindria. 

DerftMtou.  Fran  at,  opoa,  Dd  fv/rDii  ■  rotk ;  In  ■llmloDlotbeplsaofsrowlh, 
Gen.  Char.  Cof^T  3-les7ed,  coriaoeoaa,  vitb  6  imbricated  gcales  at  the  hase.  Pt^ 
tali3.  Stanieiu3.  Sligmai — O^left.  BenydtpTeaed,6—»-itoDed.(G.I>m.) 
Leaoet  simple,  alternate,  exBtipiilate,  erergreen  ;  linear,  tongue-shaped, 
obtuse  i  flat  above,  convex  Rod  marked  with  a  membraiiaceouB  tine  beneath  ; 
dark  green,  ahioiiw.  Fiowert  axillary,  solitary,  sessile,  dark  red.  Betriei 
black  or  r«l.  —  Snrubs  small,  brancb'y,  procumbent ;  natives  of  the  North 
of  Enrope,  North  America,  and  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Propagated  by 
cuttings  or  seeds,  and  thriving  best  in  peat  toil. 

The  black  Crowberry,  or  Crakebvrry. 

na.iHulUTFI.  )Ilh..p.t38.;  Hook.  Br. FT., p. Ul. 
G>we.  p.  ma. :  E.  CMt  folia  unikKJiH  Out.  Hitl. 

Entrmbtgi.    Bng.  Bat.,  1.  MB.;  onrjti.  NU.  to ow  nwUI  lalo ;  wiil;tl-*l*<^oC'^*>»'DrBl(ln. 
Spec.  Char.,  fc.    Leaves  linearwiblang.     Berries  black  and  clustered.  (HikA.) 

A  low  procumbent  evergreen  shrub,      Britain.      Height  6  in.  to   12  in. 

Flowers  purplish  white ;  June.     Berries  brownith  black,  like  those  of  the 

common  jumper ;  ripe  b  November. 
Variety. 

■.  E.  n.   3   tc6tiaim   Hook.  Br,   FL   p.  431.— 
Rather  scnaller  than  the  species. 

Cattle  do  not  browse  c 
■hrub;  but  the  berrjes 
by  the  Scotch  and 
santa.  It  thrives 
very  well  in  gar- 
dens, but  requires 
a  moist  boggy  soil 
and  a  shady  utua- 
tioD.      The    seeds 

the  ground  beTore 

they  Tcgetate,  and 

the  plantK  are  very  slow  in  their  growth.     The  crowberr;  is  the  badge  of  the 

clan  M'Lesn. 


•IfleaUom.    WDM.  So.  Pl.,4.|i.TI3.  j  Llndl.  Bot.  lb 
amm^.    CrulMiTT  iJ  SlUen  UUnl. 


il  Kale,  uidjto.  MBS. 


,  Jfpec.  CAor,,  4^.  Leaves  and  branches  with  woolly 
mitrgiD*.  Berries  red.  (Liniii.)  An  everi,>reen 
procumbent  shrub.  Southern  point  of  South 
America,  where  it  is  found  along  the  sandy 
coast,  spreadii^  over  the  stones,  but  especially 
thriving  at  the  back  of  the  luw  sand  hilla 
bj;  which  the  shore  is  often  skirted.  Height 
6  ID.  to  IS  in.  Introd.  1S33.  Flowers  brownish 
purple;  July.  Berries  red;  ripe  in  November. 
Acrorling  to  Gaudichaud,  the  red  lierriea  are  pleasant  to  eat, 
frt-cly  in  peat,  and  is  quite  hardy. 

4a  2 


1092 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 


Genus  IL 


□ 


CORE' MA  D,  Don.    The  Corema.     lAn,  Sj/sL  Dioe'cia  TrianJrMu 

Identiflcatiom.    D.  Don  In  New  Edin.  Fhll.  Journ.  i  Lindl.  in  Nat.  Syst.  of  Bot. 

Sunonyme.    f  mpetrum,  in  part,  L. 

Deriwaitan,    From  JrotAvm,  a  broom  ;  in  aUu»ion  to  the  habit  of  the  plant. 

Gen,  Char,     Calyx  3-leaved,  meinbranaceous,  naked  at  the  base.     Petals  3. 
Stamens  3.     Stigma  6-cleft.     Berry  globose,  3-stoned.  (G.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  scattered,  linear,  obtuse^ 
spreading,  flattish  above,  and  revolute  on  the  margin.  Flowers  in  terminal 
heads,  sessile,  situated  on  a  hairy  disk  ;  white,  large :  heads  having  villous 
scales.  Berries  white.  —  Shrub  small,  erect,  branchy,  rigid,  covered  with 
resinous  dots ;  native  of  the  South  of  Europe. 
Closely  allied  to  ^mpetrum,  from  which  it  has  been  recently  separated, 

and  requiring  the  same  soil  and  culture  in  British  gardens. 

tt.  1.  C.  A^LBA  D,  Don,    The  vfhite-berried  Corema. 

ideniificaikm,    D.  Don  in  New  EtUn.  Phil.  Joum. 

SifnonymeM.    f'mpetnmi  Ahum  Lin.  Sp.  UfM). ;  S.  lositinicum,  fire, 

Toum.  Inst.  679. ;  i^rlca  er6ctis,  &c.,  Bamk,  Pirn, ;  the  white>berried 

Heath,  Portugal  Crakebeny. 
Bmifranhtg,    Oar  Jig.  a038. 

Sj)ec,  Char,^  ifc.  Stem  erect.  Branches  pubescent. 
Leaves  linear,  with  revolute  margins ;  somewhat  sca^ 
brous  above.  (  Willd,)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Por- 
tugal. Height  Gin.  to  12 in.  Introduced  in  1774. 
Flowers  white;  May.    Berries  white;  ripe  Nov. 

Much  branched,  rigid,  sprinkled  with  resinous  dots. 

•■  2.  C.  Conra'd//  Torrey.    Conrad's  Corema. 

JtUniification.    Torrey  In  Lit.,  and  Card.  Mag.,  xtU. 
SjUHonyme.    jS'mpetruro  Conradti  Torrey. 
Engraving,  Our  fig.  9039.,  from  Dr.  Torrey. 

Spec,  Char,,  ^c.  Branches  glabrous.  Leaves 
subverticillate,  alternate,  narrowly  linear ; 
young  glandularis  hispidulous,  adult  gla- 
brous. Flowers  in  small  heads,  terminal, 
axillary  ;  scales  of  perianth  5- — 6,  obo- 
vttte-oblong,  smoothish ;  stamens  3 — 4 ; 
style  3— 4»-parted  ;  ovary  3 — 4^celled. 
(Torrey,)    An  evergreen  heath-like  un-  «o»-  c.  comMM. 

der  shrub.  N.  America,  in  Monmouth,  New  Jersey,  and  other  districts, 
in  sandyfields  and  in  pine  barrens.  Height  6  in.  to  12  in.  Introduced  in 
1841.    Flowers  whitish  ;  April.     Berries  small,  reddish ;  ripe  in  August. 

Genus  III. 


□ 


CERATrOLA  Michx,   The  Ceratiola.   Lm,  Syst,  MonceVia  Diibidiia. 

ldent(fication,    MIchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Amer.,  S.  p.  322. ;  Lfndl.  in  Nat.  Syst.  of  Botany,  ed.  S. 
Derivation.    From  keraUont  a  little  horn  ;  in  allusion  to  the  shape  of  tlie  stigma. 

,  Gen,  Char,  Calyx  2-leaved,  membranaceous,  with  4  scales  at  the  base. 
Petals  2,  converging  into  a  tube.  Stamens  2.  Stigmas  6-cieft.  Berry 
globose,  2-6toned.  {(x,  Don,) 

Leaves    simple,    alternate,  exstipulate,    evergreen ;    spreading,    needle- 
shaped,  obtuse,  glabrous,  and  shining;   marked  beneath  with  a  narrow 


Lxxix.  smila'ce*:  ami'lax.  1093 

Turrow  ;  sliefatl;  ntnaliculate  nbove :  about  i  in.  long ;  tooietimes  crowdeil 
as  if  verticUlate.     Floaert  unisexual  on  the  same  ^laot ;  Bzitlnry,  seagile, 
numerous  fS — i),  rarely  solitary,  brownish  ;  sometimea  (like  the  leaves) 
Terticillatc.        Berriet     yellow.  — 
Shrub     small,     uprigtit,     branchy, 
rigiil  i  native  of  Hortn  America, 
Grown  in  British  gardens,  in  peat 
■oil,  and  propagated  by  cuttings. 

■  I.  C.  J 


Ei^ratfngt.  Furib,  I.  t.  13-:  BuL  Ha^.,  I. 
Jig.  iow.  sruui  ulunl  lift. 

Spec,  Char,,  4«.  Flowers  id  the  axils 
of  the  upper  leaves,  solitary,  ex- 
cept a  small  abortive  one  by  the 
ude,  of  the  principal  flower.  An 
upright  much  branched  evergreen 
shrub,  greatly  resembling  a  heath  ; 
very  handsome,  but  somewhat  ten- 
der in  British  gardens.  South  Caro- 
lina. Height  g  ft.  to  8  ft.  Introd. 
1836.  Flowers  brownish  (  June. 
Berries  ydlow ;  ripe  in  October. 


Class  II.     ENDCGEN^ 

Sima  tncTvatmgJroni  wHAin ;   Lrmxt  uiiii  parallel  Veim. 

Ordeb  lxxix.    SMILA'CE^S. 


0H 


Obd.  Chak.  Flowen  unisexual  or  bisexual.  PtriatOh  regular,  usually  6- 
parted;  but  often  4 — S-parted.  ftonftu  equal  in  number  to  the  segments 
of  the  perianth,  Ocoiiumiree.  Sfylei  1  or  more.  Fmil  either  a  capsule 
or  berry,  3 — 4-ceIled,  but  of  one  cell  by  abortion.  Seedt  I  to  3  in  each 
cell,  albuminous. 

Leaoei  simple,  alternate,  exnipulate,  mostly  evergreen ;  r^iculated,  though 
the  genus  is  considered  monocotyledonous.  Flovxri  corymbose,  axillary. — 
Rambling  shrubs,  rarely  attaining  a  Urge  site  in  British  ^rdensi  natives  of 
Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America. 

Genus  I. 


0E 


\l 


5MrLAX  L.     The  Smilax.     Lin.  Syit.  TMoe'da  Hexfcndria. 


1094 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICBTUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Gen.  Char.     PenatUk  6-paited.     Stamens  6.     Styles  3.     Berry  3-cdled  ;  cdb 
ai'Seeded.  (O,  Don,) 

Leaves  at  in  the  Order.     Flowers  cor^boae,  axillary.    Shrubs,  rlimhing 

by  means  of  their  tendrils,  with  stems  mat  are  generally  prickly.     Leaves 

with  veiny  disks.    The  tendrils  are  intrapetiolar  stipules. 

In  British  gardens,  they  grow  in  sandy  loam,  and  are  readily  propagated  b^ 

division  of  the  root.    They  are  not  showy,  but  they  are  inter^tmg  from  tfaev 

climbing  character,  as  being  generally  evergreen,  and  as  being  some  of  the  few 

hardy  lisneous  plants  which  belong  to  the  grand  (tivision  of  vegetables  Mooo- 

cotyledoneae. 

§  i.  Stems  prickly  and  anffidar. 
L  \,  S.  a'spbra  L,    The  rough  Smilax. 

Idemti0eation.    Lin.  Sp.,  IMS. ;  VIU.  Dauph.,  S.  p^  S7S. »  Mart.  Mm^  No.  1. 
ftwMfmef.    Rough  Blnaweed ;  Rogo  aosrixme,  ttiU. 
Bngrtmtmtst,    Schk.  Han.,  a.  88S. ;  and  oar>%.  9042. 

Spec.  Char,f  i^c.  Stem  pricklv,  angular ;  leaves  toothed  and  prickly,  cordate, 
0-nerved.  (WUId)  A  climbing  evergreen.  South  of  Eurqpe,  Asia  Minor, 
and  Africa.  Heieht  5  ft.  to  10  fr.  ^troduced  in  1648.  Flowers  whitish ; 
July.    Berries  red ;  ripe  in  September. 

Varieties. 

i.  S.  a.  2  auriculdta  Alt.  —  Leaves  ear-shaped  at  the  base. 

i.  S.  a.  3  maurUdnica.     S.  mauritinica  Potr.  ---  Introduced  io  1880,  and 

there  are  plants  in  the  Horticultural  Society's 

Garden,  and  in  some  private  collections. 

The  roots  are  thick  and  fleshy,  spreading  wide,  and 
striking  deep ;  and  thev  are  sometimes  sold  by  the 
druggists  of  the  South  of  Europe  for  those  of  S.  Sarsa" 
pariua,  as  they  possess  nearly  the  same  qualities,  but  in 
an  inferior  degree ;  they  are  also  lai^ger,  and  more 
porous.  In  British  gardens,  this  species,  which  is  per- 
haps the  handsomest  of  those  which  are  hardy,  is  com- 
monly trained  against  a  wall ;  but  it  will  also  attach  itself 
to  rough  stakes  or  trelliswork,  though  it  seldom  flowers 
when  so  treated. 

i.  8.  S.  bxce'lsa  L.    The  tall  Smilax. 

Identification.     Lin.  Sp.,  1458. ;  Ait.  Hort.  Kaw.,  ed.  8.,  S. 

p.  S87. 
Sffnottifme$.    8.  orienUIti,  &e.,  Totam.  Cor.  46.,  Bm*.  CaU.  1. 

18. ;  S.  ispara  Alp.  JSgtffS.  ed.  2.  140. 
BngnnHng:   Box.  Gent.,  1. 1.  S7.  $  Alp.  Bign^t  ed.  1, 1. 141. ; 

and  our  Ar.  904S. 

Spec.  Ckar.^  S^c.  Stem  prickly,  angular.  Leaves 
unarmed,  cordate,  9-nerved.  (H^i^)  A  climb- 
ing even;reen  shrub.  Syria.  Height  Oft.  to 
12ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  greenish 
white ;  August  and  September.  Berries  red  or 
black ;  ripe  in  November. 

Stems  4-comered,  and  prickly;  mounting  to 
the  tops  of  tall  trees,  by  means  of  their  clasping 
tendrils.  Leaves  2  in.  long,  and  If  in.  broad  at 
the  base,  haying  5  longitudinal  nerves,  but  no 
spines  on  their  margins.  The  roots  resemble  and 
possess  the  same  qualities  as  those  of  S.  &spera, 
but  are  inferior  to  those  of  S.  SarsapariUa. 

L  3.  S.  RU'OENS  WaU.    The  red-dendriled  Smilax. 

Identtfieation.    Wataon  Dend.  Brit.,  1. 108. 
Bngravmgt.    Dend.  Brit.,  1. 108. ;  and  our  J^.  9044. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Stem  angular,  prickly.     Leaves  ovate-subcordate,  rather 


LZXIX.  smilacbje:  smixax. 

obluie,  mucronate,  coriaceous,  5-nerved ;  margin 
■nucronate-den^Gu late  near  the  baie.  (^tValt,)  A 
handiioiiie  erergrcen  climbing  shrub.  North  Ame- 
rica, ill  woods  and  by  etreama.  Height  3(1.  to 
4(1,     Flowers  greenish  white ;  July. 


Syec.  CAar.,4rc.  Stem  prickly, 
angular.    Leavet  unanned,  mh.  (.ittaK 

ovHte-lanceolate,  ending  in 

a  lone  aharp  point ;   A-ncrved,   glaucous  beneath. 
(WUld.)     An  ererareen  climUng  afarub.    North  and 
South  America.     Height  3  ft.  to  4  ft.     Introduced 
in  1664.     Plowen  greeniah  white ;  August 
Sterna  shrubby,  long,  slender,  and  dimbing.     Roots 
dirided  into  several  long  slender  branches,  which  are 
somewhat  thicker  than  a  goose-quill,  straight,  brown 
on  their  exterior,  but  white  internally,  and  from  3ft. 
to  4  ft.  long.     Sargaparilla,  on  its  first  introduction, 
was  considered  as  a  specific  against  Dumerou!i  dis- 
ordera,  and  it  u  still  employed  in  rheumatic  complaints, 
scrofula,  and  all  cutaneous  diseases. 
istjI'ta  Waid.     The  Spear-shaped  Smilax. 
Fl,  4.  p.TSI.  L  PuiA  n.  Anu 


Spec.   Char.,   ^e.      Stem   subarmed.      Leaves 
Lanceolate,  acuminate  :  auricutate,  or  speai^  ^ 
shaped,   at   the    base ;    ciliated    or  pnckly 
on    the    margin  ;     3 — 5    nerves.      Berries 
round.    {WUld.')      An    evercreen    climbing  , 
shrub.     Carolina  and   Ftorida,  on  the  sea- 
coast.    Height  4  ft.  to  5  ft.    Introduced  in  I8S0.     Flowers 
green ;  August  and  S^>tember. 

1.  6.  S.  Wa'tbon/  9wt.     Mr.  Wataon's  Smihix. 


tnrjig-  vn. 
Spec.  C4or,,  4^.  Stem  prickly,  angular.  Leaves  ovate,  acu- 
minated, somewhat  cordate  at  the  base,  glabrous,  3 — 6- 
nerved.  Berries  elliptic.  An  evergreen  cliiubing  shrub. 
North  America.  Height  3  ft.  to  5  ft.  Introduced  in  18S0, 
or  before.  Flowers  greenish  ;  August. 
L  7.  S.  Waltbh//  Pursb.     Walter's  Smilax. 

erve.1. 


1096  ARBOflE'l-UM    ET    FRUTICKTUM    BRITANHICUM. 

CorotiD*,  on  the  river  Bides.  Iluuht  3ft.  to  SO. 
iDlroducied  in  \(iiO,  or  before.  Flower*  greeriah 
vhite;  Aiiguat. 

L  8.  S.  MACULA 'ta  Roxb.     The  apottedJeaved  Smilas. 

Idmlf/taMm.     Raib.  ;  RotIk  111.,  p.  IM. 

A^wAwt.    BoTleni-.l-M.,  Bf.l.i  ovtA  11048. 

spec.  Char.,  S[c.    Stem  anguUr,  prickly.   Leaves  cordate, 

somewhat  hutately  lanceolate,  conaceou*,  the  under 

■ides  of  the  nerves  and  petioteH  prickl}'.  {O.Don.)  A 

climlnng  evergreen  ihrub.     Nepal,lSI9.    Height5ft. 

to  10 ft.     Flowers  whitish;  August. 

J  ii.    Stem*  prickly,  round. 
L  9.  S.  Cbi'na  L.    The  Chinese  SmilMi. 

Unitfiration.    Lin.  Bp.  PI,  14Ii9.  i  Alt.  Hon.  Kew.,  td.  L,  i.  p.  m. 
SrwxipHn.    China  rldli  Jaul.  /•«■.  89C. ;  Smilu  Iqren  bibut  num.  It.  1 
(liKfuTB.  »c.,  A:nqgVT  .tHm.  Si,  pm.i  Conn  imtlU.  Aa(. 

J^pec.  C%^„  4"'.     Stem  round,  with  a  few  ipines  \ 

leaves  roundish-ovate,  with  acute  points,  ^-nerved, 

(WilU.)     An   evergreen  climbing  shrub.      China 

and  Japan.     Height  VOft.      Introduced  in   1759. 

Flowers  greenish  white  ;  August.     Berries  red.         /^'^ 

The  root  is  very  large,  fleshy,  and  reddish :  it  is 
used  for  fbod,  in  sotoe  parts  of  China,  instead  of 
rice;  and  is  considered  eitremely  nourishing.  Brown 
found  it  in  abundance  in  Jamaica,  where  the  roots 
are  used  to  feed  hogs.  When  Grst  brought  to  Eng- 
land, it  was  cultivated  in  the  stove  ;  it  was  afterwards 
transferred  to  ihegreen-house ;  and 
it  has  since  been  found  hardy. 

L   10.  S.  rotumdifo'lia  li.     The  round-leaved  Smilax. 

UrMMaaiim.    Lin.  Sp..  IMO.  :  Punb  F1.  Aiht.  Snl,  I.  p.  WO. 

Bn^atft^.    Our  J^.  Ma 

^>ec.  Char.,  S;c.     Stem  round,  somewhat  prickly.     Leaves 
roundish-ovate  or  cordate,  very  smooth,  3-nerved.  Ber- 
ries spherical.   {WiUd.)     A  climbing  evergreea  shrub. 
North  America,  from  Canada  to  Carolina.     Height  6  ft- 
Kuo.  s.MuMifiu.         Introduced  in  1780. 

L  1 1.  5.  Aaurifo'lia  L.     The  Laurel-leaved  Smilax. 

Sraaama.    S.  UUn,  tus.^ e^m.' St.  1  S.  Ib'tU,  *c'.,  CsM.'  &r.  I . 
Emtn'tlntl.     CU.Cu.,  1.1   IS.  ;  Flum.  Ic. ;  (ad  «r  j^.  a»l. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.  Stems  round ;  main  stem  prickly. 
Branches  unarmed.  Leaves  coriaceous,  elliptic,  3- 
nerved.  Umbels  on  very  short  peduncles.  (Wiiid.^ 
A  very  handsome  evergreen  cliiubine  shrub.  North 
Amenca,  in  sandy  boggy  woods,  from  New  Jersey 
to  Oeorma.  Height  10  ft.  to  1 8  ft.  Litroduced  in 
1739.  Flowers  greenish  white  ;  August.  Berries 
black  ;  ripe  in  September  and  Octob^. 

i.   18.  S.  T 

IittnCipcaHim.    I 


Lxxix.  smii.aYe*  :  siarLAx. 


SrSmlofi.    Cit.Cu..  I.  I.U.  1  andourA[-*>9^ 
Spec,  Char^  t«:.     Bleta  round  and  prickly. 

Leaves  uDarmcd,  cordatC'Oblong,  7'nerved. 

{Wilid.)      A    climbing   evergreen   shrub, 

rather  sufihitesceni  than  wooUy,    Virginia 

luid   Carolina,   in   sandy  iret  iroodi  and 

bogs.       Introduced    in    1730.      Flowers 

sreeniBh  white  \  June  and  July.    Berries 

black ;  ripe  in  August  and  September. 

J   13.  S.  CADu'ci  L.     The  deciduous  Smilas. 
UenJMaittnL    lin.  Sp.  Pl^  IMO.  i  Funb  F1.  Amet.  Sept.,  ],  p.  aa), 
Ensrnimg.    OurjV.iw. 
Spec.  Qutr.,  ^.     Stem  round,  prickly.     Leaves  unarmed, 

ovate,  3-nerved.  (  WiUd,)     A  deciduous  climber,  with  a 

flexible  stem,  armed  with  a  few  short  spines,  black  at 

the  tip.       (Wtbagena  in    New    Spain,   and   Canada. 

Height  30  ft.     Introduced  in  1759.     Flowers  greenish 

white ;  July.     Sparingly  produced  in  British  gardens. 

1  5tnu.     The  glaucous  Smilni. 

nr4g.SI09.lBp.1110. 

Spec.  Char.,  t^c.  Stem  round,  prickly.  Leaves  unarmed,  rotund-ovate,  mucro- 
nate,  somewhat  nerved,  glaucous  beneath.  Peduncles,  short,  two-flowered. 
NortbAmerica.    Height3ft    Inirod.  1815.   Flowers  greenish  white;  July. 

$  iii.    Sterna  unarmed,  'Wangled. 

L  13.  S.  Bo'HA'No's  L.     The  Bona-nox,  or  dBaied,  Smilax. 

Lin.  Sp  PI.,  HBO.  I  Purih  Ft.  Amw.  Sept..  l.p,  W9. 
iipen  IniUc  Dcctdentnlli  An*.  FM.  ;  S.  nrleitU  Watt.  ft.  Car.  M<. 
lHk.  Pb|1,.t.  111.  t  1.  i  ludourjlc.  »M- 

Spec.  Char.,  S[c,  Stalka  unarmed,  nngutar.  Leaves  cordate- 
ovate,  with  an  acute  point,  ciliated,  7-nerved.  (WiUd.)  An 
evergreen  climbing  shrub.  Carolina  and  Georgia,  in  woods. 
Height  5ft.  CO  10ft.  Introduced  in  1739.  Flowers  greenish 
white;  June  and  July. 

Plukenet  mentions  a  variety,  which  he 
has  Ggured  under  the  name  of  ^.  B.  can>- 
liniana  Pluk.  Phyt.  t.  1 11 .  F.  3. 

LATiro'LiA  S,  Br.     The  broadJeaved  Smilax. 


Spec.  Char.,  S^c.     Stem  unamied,  an- 

Ejlar.  Leaves  ovate ;  base  half- 
eart-sliaped  or  obtuse,  glabrous, 
5-neryed;  petioles  bearing  tendrils. 
{Broum.)  An  evergreen  climbing 
shrub.  New  Holland.  Height  3  ft, 
to  5  ft.     Introduced  in  1 78 1 . 


L  17.  f.  aUADRANauLA'Ris  MM,    The  four-aogted 

MtvyUalion.    Milhl.  In  Flora  I>iin.  \  Punh  F1.  Amet.  Sept.,  I.  p.  MB. 


1098 


ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Stem  tetragonous.  Leaves  unamied,  ovate,  acute,  5-Derved. 
(Willd,)  An  everereen  cumbing  shrub.  North  America.  Height  5fL  to 
lOfl.  Introduced  in  1812.  Flowers  pinkish;  June  and  July.  Berries 
black  ;   ripe  in  September. 

$iv.  Stems  unarmed,  round. 

i.  18.  S.  LANCBOLA^TA  L.    The  lanceolate*/mo«/ 

Smilaz. 

Ident(fteaiion,     Lin.  Sp.  PI.,  HOa  ;  Pnrah  F1.  Amer.  SepL,  I. 

p.  a&o. 
Summ^me.    8.  noii'SpindM,  Ac.,  CtU.  Car. 
Engraving;    Catatb.  Car.,  9.  t.  84.  i  and  our  fig.  S0&7. 

Spec,  Char,,  4*c.  Stem  unarmed,  round.  Leaves 
unarmed,  lanceolate.  (WUld.)  An  evergreen 
climbing  shrub.  Carolina.  Height  15  ft.  to  20  ft. 
Introduced  in  1785.  Flowers  greenish  white; 
July  and  August.  Berries  red ;  ripe  in  September. 

I.  19.  S,  viRGiNiA^NA  MUl,    The  Virginian  Smilax. 

IdeniificatUm,    MUl.  Diet,  No.  9. ;  Mart.  Mill.,  No.  20. ;  Lodd.  Cat.,  ed.  1836. 
Eiigravhtg,    Pluk.  Fbyt.,  1. 110. 1 4.  \  and  our  A.  90SS 

Spec,  Char.,  ^c.  Stem  prickly,  angular.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
unarmed,  acuminate.  (MUl^)  An  evergreen  climbing  shnibu 
Virginia.  Height  5  ft.  to  10  ft.  Introduced  in  1800.  Flowen 
greenish  white  ;  June  and  July. 

This  species  is  somewhat  tender ;  but  there  are  plants  in  the 

ao58.  s.Tii|inttoa.  opcu  grouud  at  Messrs.  Loddiges's. 

L  20.  S.  pu'bbra  WUld.    The  downy  Smilax. 

Identification.    Willd.  Sp.  Fl.,  4. }  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  S«pt.  1.,  p.  250. 
Synofi^mr.    S.  pOmlla  WaU,  Car.  244. 
Engraving     Our  fig.  20B9. 

Spec.  Char,,  S^c.  Stem  unarmed,  round.  Leaves 
oblong,  acute,  cordate,  indistinctly  5-nerved ;  soft 
and  pubescent  beneadi.  Berries  oblong,  acute. 
{WUld.)  An  evergreen  climbing  shrub.  North 
America.  Height  10  ft.  to  12  ft.  Introduced  in 
1806.    Flowers  greenish.    Berries  white.  sosg.  &p* 

Kindt  of  SmUax  which  are  eUher  not  introduced,  or  of  which  we  have  not  jem 

the  Plants. 

S.  ovdta  Pursh  Fl.  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  249.  —  Stem  subarmed ;  leaves 
smooth,  ovate,  3-nerved,  and  very  shining  on  both  sides  ;  berries  black.  A 
native  of  Georgia,  near  Savannah ;  flowering  in  July. 

S.  dl6a  Pursh  1.  c.  p.  250.  —  Stem  sulmrmed,  slightly  angular  ;  leaves 
3-nerved,  lanceolate^  coriaceous,  glabrous  ;  berries  white.  Found  by  Walter, 
in  sandy  ground  on  the  edge  of  rivulets,  in  Carolina  ;  flowering  in  June. 

S.  pandurdta  Pursh  1.  c.  p.  251. —  Stem  prickly;  leaves  ovate,  fiddle- 
shaped,  acuminate,  3-nerved ;  smooth  and  shining  on  both  sides.  Found  by 
Pursh,  in  sandy  woods,  from  New  Jersey  to  Carolina  ;  flowering  in  July. 

S.  n^a  W.  and  S.  catalonica  Poir.  are  natives  of  Spain,  from  which  coun- 
try they  were  brought  to  England  in  1817.  The  first  is  probably  a  black-ber- 
ried variety  of  S.  6spera. 

S.  hdrrida  Desf.  —  A  native  of  North  America,  introduced  in  1820. 

S.  VUl&ndgiA  Ham,,  S,  macrophyila  Roxh,,  (Royle  III.  vol.  1.  p.  384.,  and 
vol.  2.  t.  94.  fig.  2. ;  and  our  ^.  2109.  in  p.  1110.)  has  elliptical,  mucronate* 
5-ncrved,  smooth  leaves.     Mysore.     Not  yet  introduced. 

S.  alpina  W.  —  A  native  of  Greece,  introduced  in  1820 


LXXX.    LlLlA^CEiB:    RV^SCVS,  1099 

Order  LXXX.     LILIAH2EM. 

Ord,  Cbar,  Perianth  regular,  6-parted.  Stametu  6,  opposite  the  segmeDts, 
and  inserted  in  their  bases.  Owtrittm  free.  Style  1.  Capsule  S-cdled,  3- 
valved,  with  a  loculicidal  dehiscence.  Seeds  many,  generally  flat,  pack^ 
one  above  another,  in  one  or  two  ranks ;  tebta  spongy  or  dilated.  Albumen 
fleshy.     Embryo  straight,  haying  the  radicle  next  the  hilum.  (O.  Don.) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate  or  opposite,  stipulate  or  exstipulate,  deciduous 
or  evergreen ;  with  parallel  veins.  Flourers  mostly  white.  —  Shrubs  mostly 
evergreen  ;  natives  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

In  British  gardens,  the  only  genera  which  contain  hardy  ligneous  plants 
are  two ;  which  are  thus  contracustiDguished :  — 

/?u'scus.    Flowers  dioecious.    Stamens  5,  monadelphous.     Style  1.    Cdls 

of  berry  S-seeded.  (G.  Don,) 
YifccA.    Perianth  campanulate.     Stamens  thickest  at  top.     Stigma  aessile. 

Capsule  trigonaL     Seeds  flat.  (G.  Don,) 

In  our  first  edition  the  shrubby  species  of  ^spAragus  are  included,  but  they 
are  here  omitted  as  not  being  perfectly  hardy. 

Genus  L 


□□H 


iZU^SCUS  L.    Tub  Butcher's  Broom.    Lm.  Sytt.  DioB^cia  Tri4ndria. 

IdenMeaUim.    Lin.  Gen.,  684. ;  Jum.,  4S.|  FL  Br.,  1073. ;  Tooni.,  1. 16.  %  'LaaB^.^  1 816. ;  Gsrtn., 

1. 16. 
Smton^met.    Fragon,  Fr. ;  Mauiedom,  Oer, :  Rnico,  lUU. 
Derivaliom.    It  Is  said  to  luTe  been  andentiT  called  Bnitcua,  flxim  bemx,  box,  and  Arlem,  holly 

(Ctfir/c),  box  holly  i  or  ttom  bugus^  box.    Some  uippoie  It  to  be  derived  from  riMna,  fletb- 

coloured ;  alluding  to  the  colour  of  the  Ihdt.    The  word  ru$eu$  was,  bowever,  applied  to  any 

prickly  plant  by  the  ancient  Romans,  as  mscus  sylvestrls,  the  holly,  Ac. 

Gen,  Char,  Perianth  6-parted.  Stamens  6,  monadelphous,  antheriferous  in 
the  male  flowers,  but  naked  in  the  female  ones.  Style  1.  Berry  globose, 
S-celled  ;  cells  S-seeded.  (O.  Don,) 

Leaves  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen  ;  alike  green  on  both 
surfaces.  Flowers  rising  from  the  midribs  of  the  leaves ;  alwayi  diiecious, 
except  in  R,  racemdsus.  —  Low  evergreen  shrubs,  natives  of  Europe  and 
Africa. 

Though,  in  a  practical  point  of  view,  the  species  in  British  gardens  are 
treated  a&  evergreen  shrubs,  yet,  in  a  strict  sense,  thejr  are  biennial  plants, 
like  the  raspberry  and  the  bramble.  They  all  thrive  m  wndy  soil,  and  are 
readily  increased  by  division  of  the  root. 

tt.  1.  jR.  ACULBA>rus  L,    The  prickly,  or  common^  Butcher's  Broom. 


on,petl 
endefMausedom,  Oer. ;  Rusoo,  Ital, 
Engravingg,    Eng.  Bot.,  t.  SOa  ;  and  ovarjig.  flOGO. 

^c.  Char,,  <$-c.  Leaves  ovate,  sharp-pointed,  flowering  on  the  upper  side, 
without  a  leaflet.  (Smith.)  An  evergreen  suffhitescent  plant.  Britain. 
Height  1  ft.  to  3  ft.  Flowers  greenish  white ;  March  and  April.  Berries 
scarlet ;  ripe  in  the  beginning  of  winter;  very  ornamental. 

Varieties. 

ft.  R.  a.  2  rotundifilius  Barrel.  Ic.  517.,  Mart.  Mill.     R.  vulg^ra  fdlio 

amplidre  Dili,  Elth.  333,  334w  t.  251.  f.  384.  — Leaves  somewbat 

larger  and  rounder  than  those  of  the  species, 
tt.  R.  a.  3  leunu  Smith.  R.  l&zus  Lodd,  Cat.  ed.  1836.—  Leaves  elliptic. 


1100 


ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


acute  at  both  ends,  branchen  loose.    JR.  flexudsus  ilfitf.  No.  6.,  Pro- 
fessor Martyn  thinks,  is  probably  this  variety. 

The  stems  do  not  flower  till  the  second  year  ;  after  which  they  die  down  to 
the  ground,  like  those  of  the  raspberry,  and  some  species  of  Anilax  and  Aspa- 
ragus. The  leaves  are  a  continuation  of  the  branches  ;  equally  firm  and 
equally  durable,  as  thev  never  drop  off,  but  die  along  with  the  branch,  or 
frond.  The  roots  are  tnick,  fleshy,  white,  branching  at  the  crown,  and  after- 
wards twining  about  each  other,  and  putting  out  frecjuent 
fibres,  like  those  of  the  asparagus  ;  oblique,  and  strikine 
deep  into  the  ground.  The  female  flowers  are  succeeded 
bv  bright  red  berries,  which  are  almost  as  large  as  wild 
cherries,  and  of  a  sweetish  taste  ;  having  two  large 
orange-coloured  seeds  in  each,  sibbous  on  one  side,  flat 
on  the  other,  and  extremely  hard.  The  green  shoots 
are  cut,  bound  in  bundles,  and  sold  to  the  butchers  for 
sweeping  their  blocks ;  whence  the  popular  English 
name  of  butcher's  broom.  It  is  also  lued,  in  London, 
by  the  manufacturers  of  cigars,  &c.,  for  sprinkling  the 
saline  liauor  over  the  tobacco  leaves.  The  tender  young 
shoots,  m  spring,  are  sometimes  sathered  and  eaten  by 
the  poor,  both  in  England  and  France,  like  those  of 
asparagus.  Planted  under  trees  or  shrubs,  the  jRuscus 
aculeatus  will  spread  into  large  clumps,  especially  in  loamy 
soil ;  and,  as  it  retains  its  leaves  all  the  winter,  it  has  a  good  effect  «s  a  low 
undergrowth,  more  especially  as  it  will  live  in  situations  so  shady  as  to  be 
unfit  ror  almost  any  other  plant. 

ji  2.  B,  HTPOPHY^LLUM  L,    The  under-leaf  Ruscus,  or  broatUleaoed 

Butcher's  Broom, 

J4mt(fieaHtm.    Lin.  Sp.,  U74.  \  Alt.  Hort.,  ed.  2.,  5.  p.  490. 
Synoiifmei,    R.  latlOiIiu,  &C.,  Toum.  Intt.  79. ;  LaAnu  alexandrlna 

Lob.  iftfv.,  ^.  009. ;  Fragon  sant  Follole,  Fr, ;  breltt>Uittrlgar  MSu. 

•edorn,  Ger.i  Bonilaocla  lUU. 
Emgra9iiig$.    Bot.  Mag.,  2040. ;  and  mm  fig.  2061. 

Spec,  Char,y  S^c,  Flowers  produced  underneath  the 
leaves.  (^Willd.)  A  low  evergreen  shrub.  Italy 
and  Afirica.  Height  2  ft.  to  3  ft.  Introduced  in 
1683.  Flowers  whitish ;  May  and  June.  Berries 
red,  about  the  size  of  those  of  the  common  juni- 
per ;  ripe  in  September  and  October. 

Variety, 

Ji  R.  A.  2  tr^Udtum.  R.  trifoliatus  MiU.  No.  5. 
•—Leaves  ovate-acuminate,  placed  by  threes, 
with  flowers  on  their  upper  sides.  It  is  a  na- 
tive of  Zante,  and  some  other  of  the  Greek 
islands,  where  it  grows  about  2  ft.  high. 


»oo. 


ton.  A. 

S  3.  R.  (h.)  IfYPOGLo'ssuM  L,    The  Under-tongue  Ruscus,  or  double^ 

leaved  BtUdief't  Broom, 

Ident(/leaiion.    Un.  Sp.,  1474. ;  Ait.  Hort  Kew.,  5.  p.  421. 
Sjfnonifmei.    R.  angusufiillut,  Ikc.  Tomm.  Jnst.  79.;  HjmoaiAwam 

Lob,  Adv.  2S4. ;  UTuUria  Briutf.  3. 96, 97. ;  Fragon  i  FoUole,  Fr. ; 

Zungen  Miiuedorn,  Ger. ;  Lingua  paoana,  Hal. 
Engravings.   Lob.  Adv.  Ic,  6S8. ;  Barrel,  la,  250. ;  Blackw.,  t.  128w  ( 

and  our  fig,  2062. 

Spec,  Char,,  S^c,  Leaves  floriferous  underneath,  with 
leaflet.  (Willd.)  Alow  evergreen  shrub.  Italy, 
Idria,  Hungary ;  and  Africa,  about  Algiers.  Height 
8  ft.  to  10ft.     Introduced  in  1596.     Flowers  (Mde 

J  yellow  ;  April  and  May.     Berries  red,  almost  as 
arge  as  those  of  if.  aculeatus  ;  ripening  in  winter. 


LXXX.   1.IUaYE«:    YTfCCA. 


Ruscua,  or  Alexandria  Laorel, 


jultuiu.'rru 


MV-    Sind.'  Ocil!,  [.'iM.  i  our  yV-  ''Ka'  to  «'  uiuai'xala  i  uuljlc,  9061  o( 

Spec.  Char.,  Sfc.    Flowers  hennaphrodite,  produced  at  i 

the  ends  of  the  branches.  ( WiUd.)     A  low  evergreen  jl 

shrub.    Portugal.    Height  4  ft.    In-  || 

troducedin  1739.    Flowers  greenish  H 

yellow ;  May.     Berries  red,  with  a  B 

round  coriaceous  white  disk  at  the 

base  ;  ripening  during  winter. 

According  to   eomc,  this  speci 

supposed  to  be  the  plant  with  which    , 

the   ancients   crowned   their   victors ; 

hut,    though   the    stalks   are   flexible 

enough  to  wreath  easily,  and  the  leaves  J 

resemble  those  represented  on  ancient  ] 

busts,  yet  the  fruit  being  terminal,  does  t 

not  agree  nearly  so  well  with  the  fruit 

represented  in  the  crowns   on   these 

""^  *'  busts   aa  that  of  the  Z.a6rus  u^bilis, 

which  is  axillary,    and  reaemblei  that  shown   in   the 

coronal  wreaths  of  classical  sculpture. 

Genus  II. 


^ 


m 


Gen.  Char,  Perianth  campanulate,  6-parted,  regular.  Slamcnt  5,  thickest 
at  ton.  Antieri  smalL  Sligmat  sessile.  Ciipt^e  oblong,  bluntly  trigonal  ; 
3-celled,  S-valved,  many-sMded.     SeaU  flat.  (G.  Don.) 

Lanet  simple,  alternate,  exstipulate,  evergreen ;  ensiform,  pointed. 
FlotBCTi  large,  white ;  disposed  in  spikes  or  panicles,  terminal. — Shmba  ever- 
green, with  the  habit  of^palm  trees  (  nativeB  of  North  and  South  America, 
chiefly  on  the  sea  coast. 

In  Bntiab  gardens,  most  of  the  species  are  somewhat  tender.  Iliey  prefer 
a  dry  and  deep  sandy  soil,  or  a  sandy  loam  ;  and  they  are  readily  propagtied 
by  suckers,  which  are  thrown  up  by  the  roots,  or  by  «de  shoots,  which  are 
occasionally  produced  on  the  stem.  They  sometimes  ripen  seeds,  which,  if 
sown  unmediately  after  they  are  gathered,  and  placed  in  a  moderate  bot-hedt 
will  come  up  in  ux  weeks.  In  their  native  countries,  their  leaves,  treated 
like  the  stuu.s  of  hemp  or  flas,  aSbrd  a  fibre  which  may  be  usol  like  that  of 
those  jilanis,  in  the  manufacture  of  cloth  or  cordage ;  and  the  stems,  mace- 
rated m  water,  deposit  a  feculent  matter,  from  which  starch  may  be  procured. 
In  a  floricullural  point  of  view,  all  the  species  are  highly  ornamental ;  and 
no  lawn  or  6ower  border  ought  to  be  without  some  of  them.  As  the  yucca 
grows  naturally  on  the  sea  shore,  it  is  particularly  adapted  for  m    * 


AlinOKETOM    FT    FHUTICETUM    BR1TANN1C17M. 

Leates  entire.  (WilU.)     A  low  evergreen  ahrutiL     Virp- 
Hdght  SfLto^ft.,  rardylOft.     Introduced  in  169iL 


1102 

Spec.  Oia:,  *e, 

nia  and  Cvolii 

Flowen  white  i  July  end  August. 
Fariely. 

«  Y.  g.  2J&lm  vanegH^  Lodd.  Cat.  ed  1830. 

The  le>v«  ore  broad  and  EtilT, 
but  thin  :  they  are  of  a  very  daHi 
green,  and  end  in  a  shatp  black 
■pine.  The  flower-atalk  is  gen»- 
ralJy  about  3  ft.  high,  branching 
out  on  every  aide  to  a  considera- 
ble distance  ;  but  the  flowen  are 
very  wide  aiunder  on  the  stalk. 
Sometimes  the  paniclea  of  flowers 
snring  at  once  from  the  centre  of 
the  leave*,  without  the  interreii- 
tion  uf  a  stalk.  The  flowers  are 
bell-ah  aped,  and  hanftdownwanls; 
and  each  petal  is  white  withu, 
but  is  marked  with  a  purple  stripe 
on  the  outside.     They  are  went.  to 

leu,  and  are  seldom  succeeded  by 

seeda  in  Bneland.  The  fibres  (k  the  leaves  are  used  by  the  Indismsto  nakr 
a  kind  of  cloth,  and  also  cords,  which  they  use  to  fasten  their  houses  to- 
gether, and  to  make  their  awing  beda^  called  hammocks. 
At  Carthagena,  a  starch,  or  rather  glue,  ia  made  from 
made  " 


1,  which  may  be  ei 


e  into  paste. 


■.  2.  Y.  (a.)  bufb'rba.    The  lupob  Yucca. 

1  Snppl.,  PI(nt.9iHCMP.M-l  Bot-Bsf-.im- 
I.  HiuriuH  A»J.  BaL  Stp^Lin. 
.    Bol.  Rap.,  t.  *n.i  Bat.  Rag.,  t.  ISBB.)  indoiiiA.  90M. 

1   arborescent.      LeaTes   aword- 


Spec.  Ckar. 

■         '     »^r  ■  <  =-. 

shaped,  and  drooping ;  pure  white.  (^And.) 

iTgreen    shrub,   resembCng  t"--   "-- 

species,  but  rather  larger  in  all  its  parts. 


slMf>ed  and  plaited,  with  a  ver^  strong  spine.  Flowers 
ovate,  belMhaped,  and  drooping ;  pure  white.  (^A»d.) 
A   low  evergreen    shrub,   resembCng  the   preceding 


K  3.  Y.  ao!po'lia  L.     The  Aloe-leaved  Yncca,  or  Adam'i  Needle, 


B  UMI.R.  At. 


.!^.  CluiT.,  4c,     Leaves  crenulate,  stiB'.  (Hliid.) 

A  low  tree,  with  the  habit  oF   a  palm.      South 

America.     Hd^C  10ft.  to   12ft.     Introduced  in 

1696.     Flowers  white  ;  Augustand  S^tember,  - 

VariHy 

a.  Y.  a.  S  penduia  Cat.  Hort.  Par.  p.  24.— 
Leaves  pendent. 
This  species  baa  a  thick  tough  stem  or  tnink, 
crowned  with  a  head  or  tuft  of  stiff  narrow  light 
green  leaves,  the  edges  of  which  are  slightly  serrated, 
and  the  points  ending  in  sham,  strong,  very  hard 
spines.  The  flower-stnlk  rises  from  the  centre  of  the 
leaves,  and  is  8  or  3  feet  high,  branching  out  so  as 
to  tbrm  a  pyramid.  The  flowers  grow  cIobc  to  the 
branches,  and  form  a  regular  spike:  they  are  pur- 
plish without  and  white  wiihin.     When   the  flowers 


LJtXX.    tIUA'CE«:    TlfCCA.  1103 

have  dropped,  the  head  from  which  the;  Hprvig  diet ;  but,  generally,  one  or 
two  youi^  heads  come  out  from  the  sideof  the  atalk,  below  the  old  head. 
Kather  more  tender  dian  Y.  gloriosa. 

■  4.  r.  DRACO  Nia  L.  The  Dtbroq  Yucca,  or  droopmg-icaoed  Adam'i 

.Bp.,4H.  i  Alt.  Hart.  Kew.,sd.9.,S.|l.9SL 

_,_._. .11  irborl,  ac.  am*,  fiii.  60S. 

En^tti^l.    DHL  Bllb.,a3(.llT.  i  BoL  Bt(.,t.lW4.i  milKIJIg.Km. 

Spfc,  Char^  ^.     Leaves  crenated,  nodding.  (WHkL)  A  low  erergreen  ahmb. 
South  Carolina.     Height  3  (i.  to  4  ft. ;  some- 
times 6  ft.      Introduced  in  1T3S.     Flowers 
white  i  October  and  November. 
Leaves  narrow,  dark   green,   han^ng  down, 

serrated,  and  ending  in  acute  spines.     Flowers 

pendulous,  milk-white,  with  a  strong  unpleasant 

smell.    One  of  the  moat  stately  species  of  the 

genus,  conveying  no  bad  idea  of  a  palm  tree. 

The  great  peculiarity  by  which  it  appears  to  be 

distinguished  is,  the  spreading  of  the  flowers, 

the   segments   of  which,  instead   of  remaining 

closed  ID  a  globose  manner,  as  in  most  of  the 

other  ^Kdes.  expand  till  they  diverge  from  the 

Rower-nalk  nearly  at  a  right  angle.  »m.  r  iminii 

<■  S.  Y.  STRi'cTA  Sinn,     The  upright  Yucca,  or  Luon'i  narrow  leaved  Adam'i 
Needle. 

fdcmlVeaUom.    Sbulo  But  Vif.,1.  mi. 

EaffV^-    Bot-  •■>«.■  t-  *B1. 1  ud  (Mr A.  Ma. 

^Dfc,  Clnr.,  ^c.  With  a  stem.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  very  stiff;  elongated  at  the  apex. 
Flower  stem  branched  at  the  base ;  branches 
simple.  Flowers  orbiculate,  bell-shaped.  {Sua.} 
An  evergreen  sbnib.  Carolina.  Hnght  4  ft.  to 
5  ft.  Introduced  in  1617.  Flowers  large,  green- 
ish white,  with  a  purplish  tinge ;  July  and  August. 
The  leaves  are  very  long,  straight,  and  tapering  to 

a  long  point,  with  a  very  few  scattered  threads  on 

the  mergii).      They  are  of  a  de^  green  edged  with 

yellow,  and  rigid  In  texture.  ww.  r.mam, 

a.  6.  r.  BscvBvii'o'i.tA  Sa6A.     Hie  recurved4eaved  Yucca. 
l^tmltlkmtam.    SaUib.  In  FUld.  Load..  SI.  i  Punh  PL  Amn.  Sefil,  1.  p.  US. 
SfHaigmt.    7.  rvAm  flan. 
SacnwAif.    Oar  A-        .lip- 
Spee.  OuB-.,  4c.     With  a  stem.     Leaves  linear-lanceolate;  f^n,  recurved, 

ddleied,  slightly  thready  on  the  oiai^.     Petals  broad  m  the  interior. 

(5i£ii.)    An  evergreen  sfamb.     Georgn,  on  ssmdy  shores.     Height  2  ft.  to 

3  ft,     Introduced  in  1794.     FlowNS  greenish  yellow,  with  a  tinge  of  purple; 

July,  August,  and  September. 
'    ^"J.Y. KiLAMBNTo'sA.     The filamcuEose  Yucca,  or  Ihreadi/  Admt't Keedle. 


t.  M«e.,t.S«l.;  «iid  ourjV- k™. 
^1-.  Char.,  fr.     Leaves  serrated  and  thread;.  ( WilU.)     A  low 

shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  herbaceous  plant.  Virginia.  Height  of  the  leaves 
6  in.  to  13  in.  i  of  the  flower  stem  3  ft.  to  5  ft.   Introduced  in  1672.  Flowers 
large,  white  ;  September  and  October. 
The  flowers  are  larger  and  whiter  than  those  of  V.  gloridsa,  and  sit  close 


ARBORETUM    F.T    FRUTICETUH    BRITANNICUM. 

« long  tbreada,  vhich  hang  down. 


■  8.  T.  (y.)  jiNGUSTiPoYiji  Parth.     The  narrow-leaveJ  Yucca. 

IdnUiflcaUail.    Punh  Fl.  Amcr.  3fpt,  1.  p  VB.;  Nutlill  Gsn.  PI  AnMT..  I.  p.  tia 
£l«rinAWl.    But,  H«g..t.  3136.1  and  DdTj^.nTl. 

Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Without  a  atetn.     Leaves  Ions-linear,  rigid;  margin  slightlj 
BlamenCose.     CapBules  lurge,   oliovate-cylindrical.  ^Pwth.)     A  low  ever- 

Seen  Klintb,  with  the  habit  of  a  herbaceous  plaDL     Banks  of  the  Hixsouri 
iver-  Height  of  the  leaves  6  in.  to  l^in. ;  of  the  rtem  3  ft.  to  5  ft.    IntroJ. 
161 1.     Flowers  greenish  white,  without  any  tinge  of  purple ;  September. 
This  species  has  been  sometimes  confounded  with  T.  atrfcta ;  but  the  leaves 
ore  narrower  and  more  recurved,  and  the  threads  on  the  maipn  much  longer. 
The  whole  plantie  of  humbler  growth  I  the  flower  stem  is  not  branched,  ani 
the  flowers  are  more  oblong  than  round. 

«  9.  r.  pla'ccida  Haw.  The  f^aciiA-ietned  Yucca. 
f^raifaiti.  BuL  Rag. ;  and  oat  fig.  vm. 
Spec.  Qiar.,  ^c.  Leaves  t&  very  Sacdd,  weak, 
bent  below  the  middle  and  recurved,  vetj 
long  and  lanceolate,  flat,  concave  and  mo- 
cronulate  at  the  apei,  rou^ish ;  marina) 
Glainents  strong,  yellowish.  (Haworti.)  A 
low  evergreen  shrub.  Georj,rifl.  Ileignt  of 
the  leaves  1  fl.  to  S(l.  ;  of  the  flower  stems 
Sft.to  5ft.  Introduced  in  1816.  Flowers 
pale  yellow  ;  July. 

A  pretty  and  apparently  distinct  specie^  well 
marked  by  its  thread.«dged 
scabrous    leaves    and    pale 
yellowish  white  flowere. 
Haw.    The  glaucescent  Yucca. 
»«rS5ir'  Brir"Floi"Giii.  t.  M."!  nod  mrjlg.  SCUS. 
Spec.  Char.,  ^c.     Leaves  linen r-lanceolate,  entire,  loncave, 
glaucescent,  straight ;  margin  alighcly  filamentose.  (Smt.) 
An  evergreen  stemless  plant.    North  America.     Height 
ortheflower.stcniB3rt.  toSft.     Introd.  1819.   Flowen 
greenish  white,  tinged  with  yellow ;  Aug.  and  September. 
Leaves  very  stiff,  concave,  of  a  dull  glaucous  colour,  ter- 
minaling  in  a  sharp  homy  spine ;  margin  entire,  with  here 
and  there  a  slender  white  thread,  slightly  twisted.     It  has 

the  habit  of  T.  filainentisa,  with  larger  and  more  nui 

blossoms,  and  more  elegant  sharp-pninted  foliage. 


SUPPLEMENTARY   FIGURES 

REFERRED  TO  IN  THE  TEXT. 


/m 


^ 


1106  ARBORETITM    ET    FKUTICETUH    BRtTANttlCUH. 


O      Lj 


SUPPLEMENTARV    FtOURES. 


ARBORETUM    ET    PRUTICETUM   BRlTANHlCtlM. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    FIQURES. 


1110  ARBORBTUM    £T    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM 


Ilii 

SUPPLEMENTARY  SPECIES  AND  VARIETIES, 

WITH   CORRECTIONS. 


In  the  following  List  we  have  ointtte4  a  number  of  garden  names,  as  of 
doubtful  application ;  and  we  have  given  few  or  no  descriptions,  because 
most  of  the  plants  are  just  raised  from  seed,  or  introduced  from  abroad* 
A  similar  list  to  the  present  has  been  given  in  the  GcardenerU  Magazine 
every  year  since  the  publication  of  the  large  edition  of  the  Arboretum^  and  will 
continue  to  be  given  yearly,  so  that,  by  referring  to  that  work,  the  latest 
introductions  of  hardy  woody  plants  may  always  be  ascertained. 

jRANUNCULA^CEiE :  Clem ati^'dejs.     Page  2. 

JL  QLEfMATis  caUfimica  Card.  Mag.  1841,  p.  13.,  is  a  very  doubtful  species, 
said  to  resemble  C,  fl6rida. 

JL  AtbA^gsne  TttOcropStala  Ledebour  MS.  O.  M.  1840,  p.  631.  A  native  of 
Siberia,  resembling  A,  alplna,  and  probably  only  a  variety  of  it. 

Several  suffi^iticose  species  of  Clematis  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Gray's 
Flora  of  North  America^  which  remain  to  be  introduced. 

WiNTBRiiVf^.     Page  20. 

•  iLlfciUM  religidsum  Sieb.  ?     The  Skimi  of  the  Japanese.      Probably  a 

variety  of  I.  anisktum,  with  which  the  Japanese  ornament  their  temples. 
(&.  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

9/lAQfiOhiA^CEM,    Page  21. 

t  Magn&l\a  grandiflora  var.  Harwicut  Hort.  Said  to  be  raised  between 
M.  grandiflora  exoni^nsis  and  M.  fusc^ta,  and  to  be  quite  hardy.  {G.  M. 
1842,  p.  13.) 

A  Jf.  purpurea  var.  hyMda  Hort.  A  dwarf  variety,  well  adapted  for  a  wall 
in  a  small  garden.  (G.  M.  1842,  p.  13.) 

Berbera"^  cex.    Page  4 1 . 

Several  species  of  Betberit  and  Mahdnia  have  lately  been  raised  from 
Himalayan  seeds  in  the  Horticultural  Society's  Garden,  to  which  names 
cannot  yet  be  given  with  certainty  ;  but  the  following,  chiefly  raised  since  the 
printing  of  this  work  was  commenced,  are  considered  true  to  their  names :  — 

A  Bb'rbbris  vulgarii  fbl,  purpureis  Hort.  This  is  a  very  ornamental  plant, 
with  leaves  as  dark  as  those  of  the  purple  hazel.  Lawson's  Nursery, 
Edinburgh. 

m  MAUd^NiK  pdilida,  (Berberit  pillida  Hartiv.  Benth.  Plant.  Hart.  p.  34. 
No.  268.)  Resembles  M.  ijquifblium,  but  the  leaflets  are  smaller,  less 
spiny,  and  from  11  to  15  in  number.  Flowers  whitish  ;  hence  the  specific 
name.  Found  in  Mexico,  where  it  grows  from  6  ft.  to  6  ft.  high.  (G.  M. 
1840,  p.  631.) 

mM,gr6€tUt.  (^.  gracilis  ^ar/iii.  Benth.  PI.  Hart.  No.  271.)  Pinnate,  with 
4  pairs  of  leaflets,  slightly  toothed.  Mexico,  where  it  grows  about  6  ft. 
high.  (G.  M.  1840,  p.  631.) 

•  M.  (riJbUdta.  ( J9.  trifoliata  ^ar/u;.  Bot.  Reg.  Cbron.  149. 1841.)  Trifoliate, 

with  small  yellowish  green  prickly  folloles,  and  fruit  of  a  yellowish  green 
when  ripe.  Mexico,  and  about  as  hardy  as  M.  fasdcularis.  (G.  M.  1840, 
p.  631.) 

4  B  4 


1112  ARBORETUM    £T    FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 

The  following  species  will  probably  be  very  shortly  introduced,  and,  indeed, 
are  perhaps  already  in  a  seedling  state  in  the  H.  S.  Garden :  — 

•  M.  ianceoldium.    (B.  lanceolktum  Benth.  PI.  Hart  p.  34.  No.  269.)     I^n- 

nate,  with  lone  slender  leaves,  and  13^17  leaflets,  verv  spiny,  and  of  a 
dark  green.  Mexico,  on  mountwns,  where  it  grows  nt>m  5  ft.  to  6  ft. 
high.  Considered  the  handsomest  of  all  the  Mexican  species.  (G.  A£* 
1840,  p.  632.) 
m  M.  angiuHJoSa.  (B.  an^stifi^lia  Hariw.  Benth.  PI.  Hart.  No.  2700  ^^ 
sembles  M.  fiucicul&ns,  but  is  much  smaller  in  all  its  parts.  Leaflets 
6—7,  lisht  ^reen,  and  ver^  spiny.  Mexico,  where  it  grows  from  6  ft.  to 
8  ft.  high,  with  purple  fruit,  sweet  to  eat. 

•  M.  HartwegL    (B.  Hartw^'  Benth.  PL  Hart.  No.  272.)    Pinnate,  with 

11—15  l«iflet8,  which  are  nearly  double  the  size  of  those  of  M.  ijquif6* 
lium,  and  of  the  same  light  green  as  those  of  that  species.  Mexico. 
Flowering  in  April. 

AuRANTiA^cBA.    Afh,  Brit,,  Ist  ed.y  voL  i  p.  395. 

•  LiMo^NiA  Laweola  Wall.  PI.  As.  Rar.  t.  245.,  Royle  Illust.  vol.  L  p.  343. 

The  only  species  of  this  order  found  on  the  tops  of  cold  and  lofty  moun- 
tains in  the  Himalayas,  where  it  is  for  some  months  buried  under  snow. 
Raised  in  the  H.  S.  (harden  from  seeds  received  from  Dr.  Royle  in  1841, 
and  probably  hardy  enough  to  endure  our  winters  against  a  wall.  (6.  M, 
\%%\,  p.  608.) 

/Typerica^cbj:.    Page  74. 

«  Hyps' nict/M  Tottnarhufdlium  Lam.  Diet. ;  Tor.  and  Gray,  voL  i.  p.  159.    A 

Sretty  narrow-leaved  species,  from  Kentucky,  where  it  grows  2  ft.  high, 
owering  in  July  and  August.  (G.  M,  1842,  p.  13.) 

AcEKk^CEM.    P&ge  78. 

¥  AVjea  kBffigdtum  Wall.  Plant.  As.  Rar.  2.  p.  3.  1. 104. ;  Arb.  Brit.  1st  ed. 
p.  431.  Leaves  undivided,  oblong,  acuminate,  smooth,  and  shining. 
Nepal,  on  high  mountains,  where  it  forms  a  tree  40  ft.  high.  Dr.  Wallidi 
thinks  it  may  prove  hardy  in  England.     H.  S.  (^G,  il/.  1840,  p.  632.) 

2  A.  c6ldttcum  Hartwiss.  A  very  lumdsome  and  dutinct  plant,  nearly  alued 
to  A,  platanoides  Lob^ln;  but  with  the  lobes  of  the  leaves  more  pointed, 
the  bottom  lobes  lapping  over  the  footstalk,  their  texture  thinner,  and 
their  colour  more  glaucous  than  those  of  A.  p.  Lob^lii.  Abchasien ; 
whence  it  was  imported  by  Booth  of  Hamburg  in  1838,  and  introduced 
into  England  in  1840.  0^.  Af.  1840,  p.  632.) 

*t  A.  cdlchicum  var.  rubrum  ^ooth  MS.  From  the  beginning  of  the  season 
till  late  in  autumn  the  leaves  are  of  a  bright  pinkish  purple.  The  bark 
is  brownish,  while  that  of  the  species  is  of  a  pea<green,  like  the  bark  of 
Nieg^mdo/hLxmifblM, 

X  A.  campestre.  Add  as  Varieties : — **  A.  c.  rubrit  Booth :  samaras  red.  A, 
Cm  heteroc6Tpum :  samaras  variously  formed." 

¥  A.  gldbrum  Ton.  and  Gr.  Flor.  1 .  p.  207.  A  shrub  found  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  with  leaves  nearly  similar  to  those  of  the  common  currant  in 
size  and  shape.     Not  yet  introduced. 

¥  A.  tripartkum  Nutt.  Torr.  and  Gr.  Flora,  I.  p.  247.  A  shrub  found  oo 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  nearly  allied  to  the  preceding  species,  and,  like  it» 
not  yet  introduced. 

S  A.  grandideniatum  Nutt.  Torr.  and  Or.  Flora,  1.  p.  247.  {f  A,  barbatum 
Doughy  not  of  Michx.)  A  shrub  or  low  tree  from  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
with  leaves  smaller  than  those  of  A,  sacch&rinum.  Not  yet  intro- 
duced. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    SPECIES   AND   VARIETIES.  1113 

JEscvi^A^CEM.    Page  123. 

It  M'scuLUS  (H,)  rubic&nda^  p.  126.,  was  thus  originated.  M.  Michaux 
received,  in  1812,  seeds  of  JPkvui  from  North  America,  which  were  sown 
by  M.  Camuzet  in  the  Paris  Garden ;  and  amongst  the  plants  which  came 
up  was  one  different  from  all  the  others,  which  is  the  JE,  rubicunda  of 
British  Gardens.  It  flowered  in  three  years,  that  is,  in  1815.  {Hort, 
Beige,  1886,  p.  97.) 

Caffarida^cba.    Arb,  Brii^  1st  ed.,  vol.  i.  p.  313. 

"f  IstyuBRis  arUixrea  Nutt.  Torr.  and  Gr.  Flora,  1.  p.  124. ;  Bot.  Mas.  n.  ser. 
t.  3842.  A  low  tree  from  California,  with  a  long  taproot,  and  a  very 
spreading  head.  The  stem  is  about  the  thickness  of  a  man's  arm,  very 
knotty,  and  the  wood  hard  and  yellow.  Leaves  3-foliolate,  lanceolate, 
mucronulate,  glabrous.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  in  terminal  racemes.  H.  S. 
{G.  M,  1842,  p.  13.) 

KiTA^CEJB.    Page  135. 

JL  \tTis  parvifo&i  Royle's  Illust.  p.  145.  A  very  curious  species  of  vine, 
from  elevated  situations  in  the  Himalayas,  with  exceedingly  small  leaves 
for  the  family  to  which  it  belongs.  Tooting  Nursery.  (G,  M,  1842, 
p.  13.) 

1  V.  heteroph^Ua  6ieb.  ?  A  beautiful  and  very  desirable  climber,  from  Japan, 
with  vari^ted  leaves.  Probably  the  Fitis  heteroph^lla  of  Thunbei^,  a 
native  of  Java,  Mr.  Gordon  thinks  it  is  nearly  related  to  Cissus  antarc- 
tica,  but  with  the  leaves  much  more  jagged  and  variegated  with  white. 
It  produces  small  blue  fruit  in  clusters,  which  are  very  ornamental. 
Tooting  Nursery.    (G.  M,  1842,  p.  13.) 

Jquifolia^ba.    Page  155. 

t  Vlex.  Aqu^&Rtan,  Add  as  a  Variety :— '*  I.  A.  pSndulum,  A  verv  remark- 
able vanetv,  with  shoots  as  decidedl;^  pendulous  as  those  of  Sophora 
jap6nica  penduLa.  The  original  tree  is  in  a  private  garden  in  Derby,  from 
wnich  it  nas  been  propagated  bv  Mr.  Barron  at  Elvaston  Castle. 

t  I.  Per&do,  p.  161.  Flants  raised  fix>m  seeds  of  this  species  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Botanic  Garden  resemble  so  much,  in  all  respects,  those  of  the 
common  holly,  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  our  mind  as  to  their  bang  one 
and  the  same  species.    {G,  M,  1842.) 

•  I.  laHJoUa  Hort.  (?  /.  /aurifolia  Hort,)  A  splendid  hardy  everareen 
shrub  from  Japan.  Leaves  large,  oval,  sometimes  9  in.  long.  Intro* 
duced  from  the  Continent  in  1841,  and  quite  hardy.  (G^.  M,  1842, 
p.  13.) 

Rbamva\!RX,    Page  166. 

A  «  Qbano^'TUVS  veluihut,  p.  181.,  is  now  introduced.  C.  a.  2  mtermedkit,  Mr. 
Gordon  considers  should  be  C.  a.  2  var.  pdlUdut. 

m  "Rha^msus  Wicklittt  Jacquin.  Resembles  R.  infectorius,  but  has  lar||er  leaves. 

It  was  raised  in  1839  in  the  H.  8.  Garden,  from  seeds  received  from 

Dr.  Fischer,  and  is  quite  hardy. 
m  R.  jprun^dlhii  Booth  (not  of  Smith,  p.  178.).    A  low  shrub  from  North 

America  which  has  not  yet  flowered. 

Anacardia^cea.    Page  184. 

m  Bur  Air  K  longifilia  Hort  Raised  in  1839  in  the  Clapton  Nursery,  from 
seeds  received  from  Chili.  It  b  very  distinct,  witii  long  bright  green 
leaves,  and  it  is  hardier  than  any  other  species  of  the  genus.  (G.  M, 
1840,  p.  632.) 


1114  ARBORETUM   ET   FRUTICETUM   BRITANNICUM. 


Lboumino^a.     Page  194. 

>  SoPHO^RA  {fjapdnica]  grandifiora  Hort.  Introiluced  from  the  Continent 
in  184],  but  whether  hardy  or  not  is  uncertain.    (G,  M,  1842,  p.  I3w) 

t  8.  Japdnica  pubeiceru  Booth.  A  variety  with  the  leaves  rather  nuwe  pu- 
bescent than  those  of  the  species. 

A  QssfsTA  thyrnflora  Booth.  A  shrub  growing  to  the  heidit  of  4  ft.,  pro- 
lific in  large  bunches  of  yellow  flowers,  raised  from  seeds  received  nrom 
the  South  of  Europe.  In  all  probability  already  described  under  acmie 
other  name. 

•  Ikdiqo'fbra  nepalenau  Hort.  A  free-growing  shrub,  apparently  hardy. 
This  is  probably  a  garden  name  applied  to  one  of  the  numerous  species 
of  Indigdfera  from  the  North  of  India,  where  they  abound,  lliere  is 
frequently  one  species  raised  from  these  seeds  wtuch  is  much  hardier 
than  the  others,  with  rather  large  bright  rosy  pink  flowers,  which  stood 
last  winter  without  any  protection  in  an  open  border;  and  Dr.  Royle  says 
that  there  are  many  which  grow  very  hign  up  the  hdls,  which  should  be 
quite  hardy  in  England.    (&.  M.  1842,  p.  17.) 

A  Caraoa^a  GerardHaxiB.  Royle  lUtuL  vol.  i.  p.  198.  t.  34.  fi^.  1.  The 
Tartaric  Furze  of  travellers.  A  very  distinct  species,  having  all  the 
leaves  terminated  by  a  spine,  in  the  manner  of  iflstr&galus  TVqgacantha 
(p.  246.).  It  ^rows  on  the  Himalavan  Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of 
16,000  ft.,  and  is  quite  hardy  in  British  gardens.  H.  S.  in  1839.  (G,  M. 
1840,  p.  633.) 

M  AsTBA'aALUs  fruHconu  Dec.  An  under-shrub  ftom  Siberia,  smooth,  and 
scarcely  ligneous ;  fit  only  for  rockwork  or  to  be  kept  in  pots,  as  the 
moisture  of  autumn  and  winter  soon  destroys  it.  Raised  in  the  H.  S. 
Garden  in  1839,  from  seeds  received  from  Paron  Jacquin.  (G.  M. 
1840,  p.  633.) 

M  A.  vimineut  Dec.  A  pretty  little  shrubbv  species  from  Siberia,  rather 
difficult  to  keep,  except  in  pots  or  on  rockwork.  Hammersmith  Nursery 
in  1839.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

I?osaV3B£.     Page  261. 

Jt  AmVgdaLUS  Palldm  Ledebour,  (A,  pedunculata  Pallas.)  A  very  pretty 
decumbent  under-shrub,  quite  naray.  H.  S.  in  1839,  or  before.  (G. 
M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

m  Pbu'^nus  Mume  Sicb.  The  dwarf  or  creeping  Plum  of  the  Japanese.  It 
bears  yellow  fruit,  which  the  Japanese  pickle  as  we  do  cucumbers  or 
walnuts.  There  are  many  varieties.  Tooting  Nursery  in  1841.  (G. 
M.  1842,  p.  18.) 

A  Cs'RASUS  Laurocerasut  var.  cdlchica  and  C.  L.  var.  Emerelli  (?)  are 
varieties  of  the  common  laurel,  received  from  Belgium  in  1841.  Toot- 
ing Nursery.    (G,  M,  1842,  p.  14.) 

A  Spibx^a  fUta  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  Misc.  No.  170.  1840.  A  beautiful 
species  resembling  S,  arisefolia,  introduced  from  Mexico,  where  it  was 
found  by  Hartweg,  growing  from  15  ft.  to  20  ft.  hig^.  It  is  expected  to 
be  quite  hardy.    H.  S.  in  1839.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

m  S.  lanceoldia  Poir.  Diet.  7.  353.,  Cambess.  in  Ann.  Soc  Nat  1.  366.  t.  25. 
(S.  Reevestana  Hort.)  Resembles  S,  betla,  but  differs  from  it  in  having 
lanceolate,  lobed,  and  serrated  leaves,  nearly  evei^reen.  Introduced 
fl'om  Japan  by  John  Reeves,  Esq.  Knight*s  Exotic  Nursery,  1639.  (G. 
il^   1840  D  633  ) 

tt  S.  rotund^&a  Lindl.  Bot  Reg.  Miscel.  No.  159.   1840.      ReseroUes  S. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    SPECIES    AND    VARIETIES.  1115 

cuneifolia  (p.  305.),  but  differs  from  it  in  the  leaves  being  quite  round 
and  lar^ge.  Raised  in  1839,  in  the  H.  8.  Garden^  from  seeds  received 
from  Cashmere.    (G.  M.  1840,  p.  633.) 

Several  species  of  ligneous  Spinel  are  described  by  Torrey  and  Gray 
which  are  not  yet  introduced. 

t  NVTT^UAk  cerottfanm  Torr.  and  Gray.  A  tree  with  the  habit  of  Ame^ 
Idnchier  canadensis  found  in  the  margins  of  pine  woods  in  the  back  part 
of  N.  California,  but  not  yet  introduced. 

A  IXu^BUS  kuiocarput  Royle  Illust.  (p.  203.)     A  free-growing  hardy  species 

from  the  Himalayas,  which  bears  a  erateful  fruit.    Considered  by  Mr. 

Gordon  as  a  synonyme  to  R,  micranthus,  p.  312.    Tooting  Nursery. 

(G.  M.  1842,  p.  14.) 
A  R.  irUobut  Dec.  Ftod.  2.  p.  566.    An  erect  shrub  from  Mexico,  with  large 

white  flowers  and  purple  fruit.    Raised  in  1841  from  seeds  sent  home 

by  Hartweg.  H.  8.    (G.  M.  1841,  p.  609.) 

It  CratM'GVS  Oxydcantha  oxyph^Ua  b  the  name  given  to  a  pendulous  variety 

of  the  common  hawthorn  found  in  a  bed  of  seedlings  at  8omerford  Hall, 

and  mentioned  in  p.  376. 
X  C.  O.  fr&ctu  cocdneo  Hort.     A  variety  with  large  scarlet  fruit,  of  which 

there  are  plants  in  Backhouse^s  Nursery,  York. 
A  C.  Vyracdntha  fr{u:tu.  aJbo  Hort.     A  variety  with  white  fruit.    Tooting 

Nursery. 

The  following  species  are  described  in  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora^  but 
none  of  them  are  yet  introduced : — 

K  C.  rhmldrit  Torr.  et  Gray.  Arborescent,  and  nearly  glabrous,  with  leaves 
about  as  entire  as  those  of  the  apple. 

^  C.  coccinea  var.  vbidis,  C.  c.  var.  populifMta,  C.  c.  var.  oUgdndra  (few- 
anthered),  and  C.  c.  var.  m6ilu, 

S  C.  arborhcent  Torr.  et  Gray.  Unarmed,  with  lanceolate  leaves  resem- 
bling those  of  C.  /lyrifoUa.     A  tree  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  high  in  Georgia 

t  C.  astiodiis  Torr.  et  Gray.  (C.  opkca,  Hook.)  A  tree  20  or  30  feet  high  in 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

X  C  berberi/oAa  Ton*,  et  Gray.    A  tree  found  in  Louisiana,  which  grows 
from  20  ft.  to  25  ft.  high. 
Besides  these,  there  are  several  doubtful  species. 

t  COTONBA'STEB  badlldritWaMiaed,  Lindl. Bot. Ree. No.  1229.  Deciduous. 
Leaves  obovate,  drawn  down  into  the  petiole,  glabrous.  Cymes  many- 
flowered.    H.  8.  in  1841.    (G.  Jf.  1841,  p.  608.) 

1  C.  nummuidria,  p.  409.   Omit  **  Eriob6trya  elltptica  JJndl^  as  a  Synonyme. 

t  Amela'nchibr  canadennt  Torr.  et  Gray.  All  the  American  kinds  in  British 
gardens  are  considered  by  Drs.  Torrey  and  Grav  as  varieties  of  one 
species,  in  which  opinion  we  concur,  as  indicated  in  the  body  of  the 
work,  both  in  this  and  in  the  large  addition. 

I  A.  (f .)  ovh&t  2  subcordtUa,  p,  416.  Add  as  a  Synonyme :  "  Petromeies  ovalis 
subcordikta  Jacqum.^    {G.  M.  1840,  p.  634.) 

¥  Vy^RUS  hetcrophjfUa  Booth.  Leaves  3 — 5-lobed,  about  the  size  and  shape 
of  those  of  the  common  hawthorn,  but  finely  serrated  in  the  edges,  and 
glabrous.    A  native  of  Daknatia.   H.  S.    {G,  M.  1840,  p.  634.) 

Philadelpba'cea.    Page  460. 

•  Vhilad^lpHVS  mesicanut  Benth.  PL  Hartw.  p.  61.  No.  458.,  Bot. 
Reg.  Chron.  No.  118.  1841.  Resembles  P.  14xus;  but  the  leaves  are 
nearly  entire,  and  rather  smaller.  It  is  hardy,  and  forms  a  graceful  little 
bush. 


1116  ARBORETUM    £T   FRUTICETUM   DRITANNICUM. 

GROssuLA'CBiB.    Page  468. 
m  Rf  BB8  taMcum  Jacquin  is  apparently  a  variety  of  R.  petrs*um,  p.  478. 

L  Hedera  Uetix,  Add :  '*  H.  H.  var.  iaMca  Booth.  A  distinct  variety,  with 
very  small  dark  green  leaves.  (G»  M*  1842.)" 

Corna'cea.     Page  501. 

#  CORNUS  grdndu    Benth.  PL   Hartw.   p.  3a    No.  898.     Resembles  C 

sericea;  but  it  forms  a  small  tree  in  Mexico,  with  leaves  3 — 5  in.  loo^ 
smooth,  and  deep  green  above  and  hoary  beneath.  The  flowers  are  in 
small  heads,  and  the  fruit  about  the  size  of  the  sloe,  and  purplish  blade 
H.  8.  {G.  M.  1840,  p.  634.) 
A  •  C.  macrophjUa  Wall.  A  beautiful  sub-eveigreen  shrub  or  small  tree  from 
the  Himalayas,  found  crowing  on  similar  heights  with  BenthiUDM 
fraglfera.  Leaves  6  in.  long,  and  S^in.  broad.  H.  8.  (G.  i^  184Q, 
p.  634.) 

£ucBU  CB£.    Page  513. 

A  yiBi/BNUM  Awafiiki  SSeb.?  (?  F.  jap6nicum  //orf.)  Leaves  (^postte. 
shining,  ovate,  somewhat  waved  on  the  margin.  A  beautiful  ever)greeii, 
which,  it  is  expected,  will  prove  quite  hardy.  Easily  propagated  by 
cuttings  at  any  season.     Tooting  Nursery.   (G.  M.  1848,  p.  14.) 

A  V«  mnhtte  Zeyh.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  subdentate,  opposite ;  maigins 
subreflexed.  A  hardy  evei^een,  easily  propagated  by  cuttings  at  any 
season.    (Ibid.) 

«  V.  Mullkha  Ham.  Rovle  Illust.  p.  236.  (F.  steUulitum  WalL)  Leaves 
rotund,  subrugose,  blunty  dentate,  woolly  beneath.  A  shrub  from 
elevated  utuations  in  the  Himalayas,  where  the  firuit  is  eaten.  Nearly 
allied  to  V,  cotinifdlia  2>.  Don,  A  very  desirable  species,  and  very  likely 
to  prove  quite  hardy.   (Ibid.) 

jtt  V.  pygnue'a  Rovle.  Leaves  opposite,  trilobate,  subserrate.  A  veiy 
cunous  dwarf  deciduous  shrub,  firom  1ft.  to  1  ft.  6  in.  in  hcjjdht;  native 
of  the  Himalayas.  A  most  desirable  plant  to  represent  me  sectioD 
CXpulus  in  a  miniature  arboretum.  Raised  in  the  Tooting  Nursery,  from 
seeds  received  from  Dr.  Royle.    Quite  hardy.   {Ibid.) 

Lonicb'rjbjs.    P&ge  525. 

J  Los f  CERA  ciSbta  Poir.  Mr.  Gordon  suspects  this  to  be  only  a  variety  of 
L.  (p.)  Douglastt.  p.  530.,  with  leaves  ciliose,  and  the  flowers  not  quite 
so  bright. 

Evlica'cejr,    Page  555. 

tt.  Andb&msdk  rotmarmifdliaf  p.  561-,  is  only  a  large-leaved  variety  of  A./x>li- 
f61ia,  but  rather  distmct. 

X.  Arctostj^phylos  piingeni  H.  et  B.  Nov.  Oen.  vol.  ill.  p.  278.  t,  259. 

A  singular  species,  with  small  greyish  entire  lanceolate  leaves  ;  prostrate 

and  quite  hardy.     Mexico.     H.  8.  (G.  M,  1840,  p.  634.) 
«  A.  nitida  Benth.  Plantae  Hartweg.  No.  483.     An  erect  evergreen  shrub, 

with  oblong  lanceolate  acute  leaves,  smooth  on  both  sides  and  shining 

above.    Mexico,  on  the  Carmen  Mountains. 

m,  Perv^tTYk  angutHfiSa  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  63.  1840.  (P.  phillyresdolia 
Hart)  Leaves  longer  and  narrower  than  those  of  the  other  introduced 
species.    A  very  pretty  evergreen  from  Chili.    (G.  M,  1840,  p.  634.) 

Olea'ces.    Page  628. 

*  'LlGtf  STRUM  nepalaue^   p.  631.       Add  as  a  Synonyme:   "  L.  vestltum 

WaU.  Cat,  No.  6304.- 


SUPPLEMENTARY    SPECIES   AND   VARIETIES.  1117 


*  Syri'noa  Emddi,  p.  638.    Add  as  a  Svnonyme :  "  S.  fndica  Wa/L" 
A  •  JAsmfNUMrevolutum,  p.  655.      For  the  Svnonvme  ^«7.  chr^rsanthemum/* 
read  "  J.  chrysdnthum ;"  and  add  **  Wall'  to  the  Identification. 

Polygona'cba.    Page  677. 

A  PoLY^GONUM  volcdmcum  Benth.  PL  Hartw.  No.  562.  Siiffraticose,  with 
thick  fleshy  leaves,  and  flowers  often  solitary.  Mexico,  on  the  Carmen 
Mountuns.     H.  S.   (G.  M.  1841,  p.  609.) 

AacLBPiADA'CRS,    Page  658. 

S  MoBRS^yih  odorata  Lindl.  This  curious  plant  has  proved  as  hardy  as  the 
Physi&nthus  dibens,  which  it  greatly  resembles ;  but  difiers  in  having 
much  larger  cordate  leaves,  and  smaller  flowers,  as  well  as  in  the  bota- 
nical structure.  The  flowers  are  white,  sweet-scented,  and  solitary. 
(G.  M,  1840,  p.  635.) 

jSbLANAV^BJB.    Page  663. 

Jt  Fabi/'NA  hnlnictUa  R.  et  P.  Lindl.  Bot  Reg.  1839,  t.  59.  A  small  bright 
green  shrub,  with  the  habit  of  a  tamarisk,  or  rather  of  a  thi^a;  and 
when  in  flower  loaded  with  snow-white  blossoms,  resembling  those  of  a 
peach.  Chili,  in  1838.  It  has  proved  hardy  in  several  collections  last 
winter,  and  will  make  a  great  addition  to  the  hardy  heath  border. 

7\iTMELA^CKfi.    Page  686. 

A  jyjiPBSE  Auckldndu  LmdL  Allied  to  2>.  alplna.  A  fine  evergreen  species 
from  the  Himalayas,  where  it  is  found  at  an  elevation  of  12,000  ft.,  near 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow.    H.  8.   {G.  M,  1840,  p.  635.) 

^laaona'cbje*    Page  696. 

A  El^Wgnus  partnfoSa  Rovle  lUust.  p.  323.  t  81.  fig.  1.  A  very  distinct 
s[)ecies,  witn  small  round  leaves,  fit>m  the  Himalayas,  and  quite  nardy. 

UiMA^CBM,    Page  714. 

$  Spo'mk  canescetu  H.  et  B.  (Ci^ltis  canteens  H.  et  B.)  Raised  in  1840, 
in  the  H.  S.  €ku^en,  from  Mexican  seeds,  and  bearing  a  dose  resem- 
blance to  C.  austrklis    (G.  M,  1840,  p.  635.) 

iSALiCA'cEiE.     Page  744. 

t  P(/puL(/s  amadSmii,  p.  824.  A  much  more  spreading  and  picturesque 
species  than  P,  monilifera.    (See  G.  Jf.  1842,  p.  35.) 

%TCLA^CE£.    Page  831. 

S  A'lsus  denUculaia  Fischer.  A  tree  of  vigorous  and  rapid  growth,  and  large 
dentate  leaves ;  a  native  of  Russia.    (G.  M.  1842.) 

t  'BifTULA  mSiGi  LindL  Bot.  Reg.  Mis.  No.  169.  1840.  Raised  in  the 
H.  8.  Oarden  from  Himalayan  seeds,  and  remarkable  for  the  softness  of 
its  leaves,  which  are  roundly  heart-shaped.  Allied  to  B,  &lba  pub^cens. 
p.  838. 

C6KrLA\iEM.    Page  845. 

1  Qu^BCUs  V'lex  Ball6ta,  p.  882.  Plants  raised  in  the  H.  8.  Garden,  from 
acorns  procured  from  the  original  tree  at  Paris,  prove  it  to  be  iden- 
tical witn  Q.  gramiintia. 

1  Q.  lanata^  p.  888.   Add  to  the  Synonymes :  **  Q,  nepal^nsis.** 
To  the  Mexican  oaks,  p.  898.,  add  the  following :  — 

S  Q.  Skkmerx  Benth,  A  very  remarkable  species,  having  the  fruit  of  most 
unusual  size,  with  the  external  appearance  of  an  acorn,  and  with  the 
internal  structure  of  a  walnut.  A  noble  tree,  from  50  ft.  to  70  ft.  high, 
on  mountains.   (Gard.  Chron,,  vol.  i.  p.  116.)      The  foliage  and  male 


11  Id  ARBORETUM    ET    FRUTICETUM    BRITANNICUM. 

flowers  said  to  be  precisely  as  described  and  Bgiued  in  Q.  acutifblia 

Neet^  p.  904.  fig.  1690. ;  and,  consequently,  the  name  Skinned  may  be 

considered  as  a  synonyme  to  Q.  acutifblia. 
Y  (j.  pyrendica,  p.  853.     Add,  either  as  an  allied  Species  or  as  a  Variety:  — 

**  Q.pann6nica  Booth.     Hungary.     Introduced  to  the  H.  $•  Garden  from 

the  Hamburg  Nursery." 
J  Q.  ru^ra,  p. 868.    Add  as  a  Variety :  —  ** Q, r,  taraxac^oHa  Booth.    Asm- 

gular  variety,  with  long  narrow  irregularly  lobed  leaves.     H.  S.** 

¥  Famous  tylv&Hca.  Add  as  as  a  Variety :  —  "  F.  «.  9  cochleata  Booth.  Sand 
to  be  a  curious  plant  with  spoon-shaped  leaves.  (G,  M,  1842.)" 

PLatana'cb^.     Page  927. 

t  Vla'tanus  [occidentaRi\  hetcrophylla  Lindl.  This  American  plane  has  hitherto 
been  confounded  in  some  collections  with  the  Oriental  species,  Platanus 
acerifolia.  It  has  the  same  kind  of  fruit  as  P.  ocddentilis,  while  P. 
acerifolia  has  fruit  like  that  of  P.  orientalis.  P.  [o.]  heterophyUa  is 
frequently  imported  from  the  southern  states  of  America  under  the 
name  of  P.  occidentalis,  from  which  it  is  very  distinct  in  foliage  and 
stature;  and  it  is  also  much  tenderer.  The  young  shoots  frequently 
suffer  during  winter,  and  particularly  if  the  plant  is  in  a  damp  situation. 

CoNi'PBRf.    Page  946. 

f  Ptsus  (Laricio)  auttriaca  Hdss,  p.  958.,  is  treated  as  a  sub-species,  for 
the  sake  of  keeping  it  distinct,  tnou^  we  had  given  above  Delamarrei's 
arrangement,  who  considers  it  a  vanety  of  P.  Laricio,  which  is  also  our 
opinion. 

t  P.  Chilghdza,  which  is  given  p.  998.,  with  a  P,  as  a  synonyme  to  P. 
Gerardiana,  Mr.  Gordon  says  is  difierent  firom  P.  Gerarduiiia,  but  nearly 
related  to  P.  longifolia,  p.  996. 

t  P.  tinensitf  p.  999.     Add  as  Synonymes :  "  P.  nepalensis  Pm.  Wob,^  and 
"  P.  Cavendishiana  Hort." 
Add  after  Pi»«*  oocdrpa,^,  1012.:  — 

f  P.  oocarpoidei  Lindl,  A  pine  from  Guatemala,  with  very  long  slender 
leaves,  five  in  a  sheath,  and  cones  about  half  the  size  of  those  of  P. 
oocdrpa,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  variety. 

f  P.  Ayacahulte,  p.  1023.  Mr.  Gordon  says  there  are  two  distinct  pines 
under  this  name :  the  oneEhrenberg's,  described  in  the  text ;  and  another, 
sent  home  by  Hartweg,  the  cones  of  which  are  about  hidf  the  size  of 
Ehrenberg*B  plant,  and  the  buds  much  smaller.    Probably  a  variety. 

t  A^BIES  Dovglitsu,  p.  1033,  Mr.  Gordon  says  he  has  cones  under  this 
name  of  three  distinct  varieties  or  species  ;  Hartweg's  are  the  largest, 
and  Ehrenbere's  the  smallest.  Probably,  Hartweg's  may  be  that  doubt- 
ful species  i4.  nirt^lla  H,  el  K, :  see  p.  1036.  and  p.  1050. 

t  Thi^ja  pSftdula,  p.  1071.  Omit  the  Synonyme  **  ?  Jhnf penis  flagdlifiSrmia 
Hort." 

f  CuPRi^ssus  torulota,  p.  1076.  Add  **  Wallich "  to  the  Identification;  and 
insert  as  Synonymes,  "  C,  nepalensis  Hort.,**  and  "  Juniperus  nepal^nsia 
Hort." 

t  C.  Coulterii,  p.  1077.  Omit  this  as  a  species,  and  add  it  as  a  Synonyme  to 
C.  thurifera^  in  the  same  page. 

»  TAXti'DWM  ditHchum^p.  1078.     Add  to  the  Varieties  :  — 

*i  T.  d,  6  nttcifrrum,  (Tiixus  nucffera  Hort.)     A  vcrv  distinct  variety,  or 

possibly   species,  which  has  been   found    quite  nardy  in  the   H.  S. 

Garden. 

m  JUNtPSRUS  gotsainthdnea  Hort.,  and  J.  BedfordtkosL  Hort.,  are  names 
applied  to  the  same  species,  which  resembles  a  red  cedar,  but  is  rather 
more  slender  in  habit. 


1119 


LIST  OF  AUTHORITIES 

FOR  GENERIC  AND  SPECIHC  NAMES,  &c. 


AbbotL    . 
Ack. 

Adams.  - 

Afxel.     ' 
Ait. 

AU. 

AU.  Fed. 
Alpim,     • 


Anders,  \ 
Anderson,  S 
Andr.  } 
Andrews,  j 

Am.  7 
AmoU.  3 
Andfb.  .) 
AwUbert.i 


Bab. 

Balbu      ). 
Salbis.  S 
Banks.   . 
Banister. 

Barlr.  1 
Bartram.S 
Bat.   \  ' 

Bast.S 
Batsek.  . 
Bamdr.  • 


Bank, 


Benih. 


.1- 


Bergiau.- 

Beriandier. 
Bert.      I 
BertoL   J 
BesL      . 
Bess.     \  . 
Besser  J 
Bieb.       . 


BIfel. 
^euno. 


1 


Blackw. 

Blume.  - 
BoerA.    . 

Bais.       - 
Bong.     • 


A. 

Abbott.    A  botanical  amateur. 
Acharius.    A  Swedish  professor, 

and  writer  upon  Lichens. 
Adanson.    A  French   systematic 

botanist. 
AfiwJhu.     A  Swedish  professor. 
Aiton.     Director  of   the    Royal 

Garden  at  Kew. 
AlUoni.    An  Italian  botanUt. 
SeeAiUoui. 
Prosper  Atpini.    An  Italian  phy* 

sician,  and  author  of  **  DePlantls 

£g7ptl  et  de  Balsamo,*'  &c 
Anderson.    A  London  Merchant ; 

published  a  paper  on  Pconlet. 
Henry  Andrews.       A    botanical 

draughtsman,  and  editor  of  the 

'*  Botanical  Repository/*  &c. 

W.  Amott.    A  Scotch  botanist, 

Audibert.    A  nurseryman  at  Ta- 
rasGon,  In  the  south  of  France. 

B. 

Babinglon,    An  EngUsh  botanist 
Balbis^     A   French   professor  of 

botany. 
Sir  Joseph  Banks. 
Banister.   A  botanical  anthor,  and 

trareiler. 
Bartram^     Formerly  a  nursery- 
man at  Philadelphia. 
Bastard  or  Baiard.  A  writer  upon 

the  Flora  of  France. 
Batsek.  A  writer  upon  Fungi. 
BamdrHlart.     A  French   author 

on  Forestry. 
Sankin.    Brothers,  profesims  of 

medicine,  published  in  16S0u. 

1660. 
Baummn.    Brothers,  nurserymen 

at  Bollwyller,  in  France. 
Bentkam,    An  English  botanist, 

secretary  to   the  Horticultural 

Society  of  London. 
Bergius.    A  Swedish  writer  upon 

Cape  plants. 
Bertandier.    A  German  botanist. 
Bertoloni.     A  writer  upon  the 

Flora  of  France. 
Besler.    A  German  botanist. 
Besser,  A  Russian  proft«sor,  re- 

sident  in  the  Crimea. 
Bieberstein.    A  Russian  botanist 

of  great  note. 
Jacob  BigekMt  M.D.     Professor 

of  botany  at  Boston,  U.  S.,  and 

author  of   **  American  Medical 

Botany,"  and  **  Florula  Bostonl- 


Mrs.  BlaekwetL  An  English  bo- 
tanical artist. 

Blume,  M.D.  A  Dutch  botanist. 

Boerkaaoe.  An  old  Dutch  bota- 
nist. 

Boissier.    A  Generese  botanist. 

Bongard.  A  French  botanist. 


Bonpl. 
Bootk. 
Bootk. 

Bork. 
Borrer* 

Bose. 

Breyn, 
Brong. 

BroL 
Broussonet. 

Broton* 

Bru^felsek. 

Back.     - 

Bunge.  - 


Burgsdotf. 
Busck.   - 


Comb.    - 

Comer.  - 

Cass. 

Vatesb.  \       - 
Catesby.S 
Cairos.  ' 

Cao. 

C.  Bank. 

Cels.       . 

CeU.       - 

C.  O.  Nees-% 
ronSsen-y- 
beck.  3 

Ckam 


Bonpland.  A  Flrench  traveller  in 
South  America,  and  botanist. 

Bootk,  Brothers,  nurserymen  at 
Hamburg. 

^.  Beattie  Bootk.  Describer  of 
the  Camellias  figured  in  Chand- 
ler's "  Ulustrattons  of  the  Ca^ 
mellie«.'* 

Borkketusen,  A  German  botani- 
cal author. 

Wiliiam  Borrtr.  A  writer  on 
British  Plants,  and  one  of  the 
authors  of**  Lichenographia  Bri. 
tannlca.*' 

Bosc.  A  French  botanist,  and  tra- 
veller in  North  America. 

The  Rer.  W.  T,  Bree,  An  ama- 
teur naturalist 

Breyn.  Author  of  **  Exotlcarum 
Plantarum  Centurla,**  Ac. 

A.  Brongniart.  A  French  bota- 
nist. 

Brotero.   A  Portuguese  boUnist. 

Broussonet.  A  French  botanist 
and  traveller. 

I>r.  Brown.  A  celebrated  English 
botanist 

Bruttfeisekius.  A  German  bota- 
nist. 

Von  Buck.  A  Oennan  botanist, 
author  of  a  Flora  of  the  Cana. 
rles. 

Bmtge.  One  of  the  authors  of 
*•  Flora  Altalca." 

Pr^^ssor Burnet,  An  English  bo- 
tanist. 

J^trgsdonf.    A  German  botanist. 

Busck.  A  German  gardener,  once 
a  nurseryman  at  Brentford,  Mid- 
dlesex ;  and  afterwards  gaidener 
to  the  Empress  Catherine,  at 
Zarsko>Je-selo. 


One  of  the  authors 
BrasilisB  meridto- 


C. 

Cambes^des. 
ta  ••Flora 

Camerarius.  A  German  botanist, 
author  of  **  Hortus  Medicus  et 
PhUosophicus.'*  ftc. 

H.  Cassini.    A  French  botanist. 

AT.  Catesbif,  A  botanist,  and  tra- 
veller in  North  America. 

Cairos.  A  nurseryman  at  Bor. 
deaux. 

CaoemiUes.  A  Spanish  professor 
and  botanist. 

Caspiur  Baukin.  A  celebrated  bo- 
tanist of  the  I6th  century. 

CeisiuSt  D.D.,  Greek  professor  at 
Upsal,  and  friend  or  Llnn«us. 

Cels.    A  nurseryman  in  Paris. 

C.  O.  Nees  Von  Esenbeek.  A  Ger- 
man  botanist. 


Ckamisso,     A  German 
round  the  wdrld. 


traveller 


1120 


LIST   OF    AUTHORITIES 


Chaadter. 

CM*.     " 
Clm$, 

Colebr.  - 

CoUa.     . 
Com. 
Cook.      . 

Correa. - 

Cremiu.  - 
Curi.      . 


DaleA.  • 


Dam. 
DarUtigton.  • 

D.  Dam." 


Deb. 

De  Bra^. 
Dee.  > 

DeCamdotte.} 


,.] 


DeL 
Delamarre, 

Detarb.  - 


DeHle.    -       - 
Mietocfim.      > 

Detf»     - 

DtZI.  - 
Dioi.  - 
i><Ni.  1 
Domb.  - 
DomofFoffisr. 
Donn.  * 
2>oi«^     >     - 

DuHam. 

Dumont. 

Dm.  7 
Dtmal.S 
DmpotU. 

DuBei.» 


Ehr 
Ekrenberg. 

Ekrk.     ' 
£UM»    - 


Ckandler,     A  London  nanerjr- 

man. 
C^loflw.    A  Swlu  botanist. 
Ckutua.    An  old  French  botanist 

and  traveller. 
Cotebrooke.   A  celebrated  English 

writer  upon  Indian  Plants. 
CoUadon.    A  Genevese  botanist. 
Commetim.    A  Dutch  botanist. 
Capl.  S.  E.  Cook.  A  naturalist  and 

traveller. 
Correa  de  Serra.    A  Portuguese 

botanist  and  diplomatist. 
Cranix.    An  Austrian  botanist 
CmrU$.    An  English  writer  upon 

Plants. 


D. 

Dateckampe.  Author  of  *'  Historia 
gener^  Plantarum.*'  1686, 
1687. 

Dtmish. 

DarUmgion.  A  writer  in  **  Amw. 
LjcTn.  H."  of  New  York. 

DavU  Dom.  Professor  of  Botanr 
in  King's  College,  London,  and 
UbrariMi  to  the  Linnean  So- 
ciety. 

De  Braif,  A  botanist  of  Frank- 
fort. 

A.  P.  DeOmdoUe.  The  oele- 
brated  French  systematic  bo- 
tanist. 

See  DdUe. 

Delamarrt.  A  French  writer  on 
Planu. 

Am.  DeUarbre.  A  French  bota- 
nist, author  of  "*  Flore  d'Au- 
vergne.*' 

DeiOe.  A  French  profesaor,  and 
traveller  in  Egjpt. 

De$cemet.  Director  of  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden  at  Nikitka,  in  the 
Crimea. 

De^bmaine$.  A  French  botani- 
cal author,  and  travellar  in  Bar. 
barj. 

A  French  professor  of 


Deevmu. 

botany. 
DOletUus.    An  Bnglish  botanical 

author. 
Dioeeorides.     An  andent  classic 

author  and  botanist. 
Dodomna,  or  Dodoemt.  A  botanist 

of  the  16th  century. 
Domdev.    A  French  travellar  in 

South  America. 
Don  qf  Forfar.    A  Scotch  bota- 
nist. 
DoMfs.     Formerly  curator  of  the 

Cambridge  Botanic  Garden. 
Danid  Domglai.    The  celebrated 

botanical  collector  and  nuutyr. 
Dubg,    A  French  botanist. 
DmJiamel.   A  celebrated  French 

author. 
Drnmoia  de  Comrtet.     Author  of 

**  Le  Botaniste  Culttvateur.** 

Dumed.    A  French  botanist 

Dfwoftf.  A  French  botanist,  au- 
thor of  **  Double  Flore  ParisU 
enne.*'    1805. 

Du  Rot.  A  German  writor  opon 
Flanto. 


See  JEArraAtfiv. 

Ekrenberg.    A  German  traveller 

in  Arama,  tec. 
Ekrkart.    A  German  botanist 
EiUoi.    An  American  botanist 


EIU$. 


Esi 


^sMsdk. 


EUi's.     A  London  merchant  and 
botanist. 

Dr.  E$eksekolbt.    A  German  bo- 
tanist. 


Fisdk.     1 

Fi$cker,S 
FUlgge.  - 

Forbeg.  - 


PortkoeL 
Forsk.    . 

Fom.    - 


FottTC.  - 

Fr. 

FHes.  . 

JPWeil.  • 


G^gri.    . 

Qarden. 

OmuUekaud. 
G,Don.m 

Oer.  - 
Oer.  \ 
G(rard.i 
Ge$n.     . 

GiU. 

GOL  et  Hook. 
GmA,    - 

Godffiroif. 

Goidie.   -       . 

Gordon,  m       • 


Goman.  . 
Grab.      1 
Grakam.y 
GBUemt, 

Gmi.     • 


Hall.      - 
HaU,Jtt. 
Ham.     I 

HamilLS 
Hart.     . 

Harttoeg' 
Harttoi$9. 


Hmportk. 
H.  B.     » 

H.  B.  et  Ktk. 

Herm. 
Hqffmanm.    • 


F. 


A  Russian  beta- 


Dr.  Fiteker. 
nist. 

Fltjgge.  A  German  writer  npoo 
(msses. 

Forbes.  Gardener  to  His  Grwoe 
the  Duke  of  Bedford,  at  Wo> 
bum. 

Forskoei.    A  Swedish  botanict 

ForskakL  A  Danish  naturalist, 
and  travellar  In  Arabia. 

Fonter*  {Faiker  and  Son).  Tra- 
vellers in  the  South  Seas  with 
CapUIn  Cook. 

A,  F.  Fourcroif.  A  French  lx>- 
tanist 

Frenek, 

FHet,  A  Swedish  boUnlsf.  and 
writer  upon  Fttngi. 

Fnehs.  A  celebrated  German  bo- 
tanist. 


G. 

Giertner.  A  celebrated  German 
caipologist. 

Garden,  A  Scotdi  physician  real- 
dent  at  Charleston. 

Oandiehaud.    A  Frendi  botanlet. 

Geo.  Don.  A  botanist,  and  editor 
of*  Don's  MiUer.** 


•  Girard.    A  French  botanist 

•  Conrad  Getner  of  Zuridi,  a  fii- 
mous  botanist. 

•  Dr*  GSUet.    A  botanist  and  tra- 
veller. 

See  GilLt  and  also  Hook. 

GmeUn.  A  Russian  boTanist,  and 
traveller  in  Siberl*. 

OodMioir.  A  nurservraan  at  ViUe 
d*Avr^y,  near  Pans. 

Goidie.  A  nurseryman  at  Ayr,  In 
Scotland. 

George  Gordon.  Simerintrodant 
of  the  Arboretnm  m  the  Horti* 
cultural  Sode^s  Garden. 

Gonan.    A  French  botanist 

GraAoas,  M.D.  Regius  piofcasor 
of  Botany  at  Bdinborgfa. 

GUUenstaedt.  A  Russian  bo- 
tanist. 

Joamnea  Guetone^  M.D.  Director 
of  tbe  Royal  Botanic  Garden 
at  Palermo,  and  a  hotanif  i 
author. 


H. 

HaUer.    A  Swiss  botanist. 

Hatter  tke  pmnger. 

Hamilton.  A  botanist,  and  travel* 

ler  in  the  Bast  Indies. 
Hartw^.     Author  of  **  Horta» 

Carlsrubensis.'* 
Hartweg.    Son  of  the  above.    A 

liotanrcal  traveller  and  eollector. 
Hariwus.    A  German  botanist. 
Hi^ne.    A  German  botanist 
Hawortk.   An  BngUsh  botanist. 
Hmmboldt  and  Bonptand,  Famoii« 

travellers  and  botanists. 

(Serman  botanists. 
Herman.    A  Dutch  botanist 

HoffkumnMeiX-      A 
Dresden. 


VOR   OEKERIC   AND   SPECIFIC   NAMES,    ETC 


1121 


Am*.    - 
Boot.  ^  Arm. 

Hoppe,  \ 

Hon,    - 

Bort,  J}Mt% 

Hort  Par.     • 
Uo$i.      *       - 

BS$$.     -       - 

H,  S»       *       ■ 


Mr  W.  J.  Hooker,     Ragliia  pro. 

fiMMr  of  BoUay  ia  the  UniTer. 

•itr  of  dMgow. 
Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  W.  ArmoU, 

authora  of   **  Tbe    BoUny   of 

Capt.  Bcecbflj'f  Vojife  to  the 

Pacific'*  *c 
Boppe,    A  Gennaa  boCankt^  and 

colloclor  of  plants. 
Harmemtmm.    A  Oanith  botanbt 

Hortmlimormm,  Of  tbe  Garden- 
en»  ^^ 

Bortmt  Dmrooermi,  bj  W.  Mai- 
ten. 

Of  the  Parii  Garden. 

Ho$i.  Ad  Auftrian  botantut,  and 
botanical  author. 

HSea.  An  Austrian  writer  on 
Forestrr. 

T%e  LommmHorUemUmrai  Sooteip. 

Hadeom.  An  English  writer  iwon 
British  plants. 


H.Jf, 


I. 


C.  nUger.    A  writer  on  natural 
history. 


J. 


BHg. 

Jaeq.     •       •  Jaeqmim.    An  Austrian  traveller 

in  South  America,  and  botanist. 

Jaeq.etBoC'1    Jaequim.    A  celebrated  Austrian 

5       botanist  «Aoe0MM;  A  botanist 

ofltalT. 

Cfordom.  A  celebrated  nur- 
seryman   at  Mile   End,    near 
Loiidon,  who  corresponded  with 
Unustts. 
Jo.  Bamkim,  brother  of  Caspar 


Jamee      Oor-   Jameei 


J. 


Jmu» 


Ker, 


KitaA.    J 
.    en 
WeeteotLy 


:l 


Baubin.  and  author  of  **  Hls- 
torla   Flantarum   odTersalis." 
1680. 1651. 
Jmetieu.     A  celebnted  French 
CTstematic  botanist* 


Kmapfier,    A  tnreller  In  Japan. 
Kmr.     A  descrlber  of  plants  in 

*«  Bot.  Reg.'* 
J.SkKeraer.  Author  of ''Figures 

iet  Descriptions)  des  Plantes 
conomlqoes.**  1786.-1794. 

JCOeAfll.    A  Hungarian  botanist 

Kmotolee  (O.  S.)  mtd  WeetcoU 

(F.).  Conductors  of  the  **  Floral 

Cabinet.'' 
Koek.    A  profiBssor  at  Brlangen. 
KoeJUer.    A  writer  on  German  and 

French  granes. 
Kramee.    A  Dutch  bofaniit,  and 

author  of  "Boomen  en  Hi 

tar." 

A  Prussian  botanist. 


L. 


Log. 


:} 


.1 
} 


JJmmnu.    The    celebrated 
fonner  of  natural  history. 

labittardiire.    A  French    bota^ 
nist 

Lagaaea.    A  Spanish  botanist  and 
proA 


La$marek^    A  Freodi  botanist. 


A*  B.  Lioaoertf  P.  R.  S.     m  ■ 
sideat  of  the  Linnaan  Society. 


Lator.  - 


Leek.    - 

Ledek.    J 
Lee, 


L.M.    . 
VHir,   I 
L'Hirti.S 

Limit.  - 


Lfrnk.! 
Lk.   i 
Lok, 
Lokel, 
VOkei. 


i 


J 


Loie.  7 

Lota.  Deo^X 


Lpom, 


Maleokm. 

Marak.  \ 
MartkaU.i 
MarL    - 

Moslerr. 

MaUk.  . 
Medik.  - 


Merteae.  * 
iaeper.  •  • 
MiSut.     1    . 


MkAo, 
MiekM 


fHi] 


MOL      - 
itNak.* 


Moc 

Moo.  el 


MlUd.  7 

HUktemk.      > 
Mltkiemkerg,y 


MmK. 

Mt 

M« 


.}- 


Lamtk.  Author  of  "  Dlseertatio 
de  Acere." 

LaPepronoe.  A  French  writer 
upon  tbe  plants  of  the  Pyre- 
noes. 

Lawremce  CMiu),  An  English 
flower-painter. 

LaMmaam.  A  German  writer  on 
Siberian  plants. 

LedtemamU,    A  French  botanist. 

Lodehomr,  A  botanist,  and  tra- 
Teller  la  Siberia. 

Lee,  A  nurseryman  at  Hammer- 
smith. 

Leeeiag,  A  writer  on  Comp6slt8B, 
and  resident  at  Berlin. 

Limeueme  ike  potmger. 

C,  L.  Htfitier.  A  French  bota^ 
nist  and  author. 

IAhmws.  The  celebrated  re. 
former  of  natural  history. 

J>r,  Limdlep,  F.B,8.t  ke.  Pro- 
fessor of  botauy  in  Unirersity 
College,  London. 

Link,  A  ceMNratod  Prussian  bo- 
tanist. 

LebA  An  old  writer  upon  plants. 

Messrs.  Loddigee-  Celebrated 
English  nurserymen  and  bota- 
nists, Haelmey. 

Loieelemr  Deekmgckaam.  A 
French  botanist 

Loareiro,  A  Portuguese  travel- 
ler in  Cocbln-China. 

l0om.  A  collector  of  American 
plants. 


J.  T,  HUckMt,  A.L.8.  Author  of 
**  Flora  Hlbemica." 

Ma/eolm,  Late  nurseryman  at 
Kensington. 

Marakall,  A  writer  on  American 
trees. 

Dr.  MarUme,  A  celebrated  Ger- 
man botanist  and  traveller. 

W.  Maatert  of  the  Canterbury 
Nursery. 

MollMoter.   An  Italian  physician. 

Medkma,  A  German  botanist  of 
the  last  century. 

UemUea,  A  Scotch  botanist  and 
trareller  round  the  world  with 
Vancouver. 

Mertena,    A  Fraach  botanist 

Meper,    A  Germaa  botaaist. 

Miekamo.  A  Fraach  botaaist.  and 
traveller  in  N.  Amw.,  and  au- 
thor of  '*  Flora  Borealis  Amerl. 


Ike  mammer.  AUw  a 
botanist  aadlraveUer  in  N.  Anie. 
rica,  author  of  **  HIstoire  des 
Arbres  de  I*  AmMque." 

WUer,  An  Bnglish  gardener  and 
botaatot. 

MitbeL    A  French  physiological 


itSab,  Superintendant  of  tbe 
Edlttburgfa  Botanic  Garden. 

Moekao.    A  Mexican  botanist. 

Moetao  ami  Seaae.  Two  Mexican 
botanists. 

Maemk,    A  German  botanist. 

MMkiemberg.  A  Korth  AmjBrlcaa 
botanist 

Barom  Otto  eon  Mmmekamaen^  A 
German  botanist. 

A.  Mmmtii^,  A  German  bota- 
nist. 

A  German  botaaist 

4c 


1122 


LIST   OF   AUTHOltlTIEB. 


JfaM».    - 
Mm, 


N.A* 

Neek.     I 

Nee$, 

ifttt  von 


A  SpMifch  boCanlit,  rait 
dent  faa  Mew  Orenada. 


Jfem. 


\ 


! 


Ni$aoU.     \ 

Noisette,  y 

NmU. 
NmilmU, 


Od. 
Opti. 


PaU.      ' 
Farm.    • 

Pa9. 


N. 

v.  Anur.    North  Americm* 
Nedter.    A  Oerman  wrltw  upon 

bounlcal  allkirt. 
Neet  wm  Xtembeck,    A  Gennan 

botanUt. 

Dr,  SHU  of  Canon  Mills.  A 
■aalotu  botanist,  and  promotar 
of  horticultaro. 

Neatltr.    A  botanist  of  Straaborg. 

NisMole.    A  French  botanist. 

NoiMtUe.  A  French  nursenrman. 

NmitalL  A  North  Amerfean  bo- 
tanist. 


O. 

Oed^.    A  Danidi  botanlrt. 
Opix.    A  German  botanist 


P. 

Pallas.    A  Russian  traTdler 

naturalist. 
Parmeniier.    A  French 


Rfjbi. 
Xtok.      * 
Rickards. 


} 


Perrottel 
Pen.     - 

PA.        -       - 

P/Miy.     -      • 

Pluk.  - 
Pom-.  . 
PoU.  et  Tmrp. 

Pott.       -       - 
PotU.     - 


Presl.    - 
Pmrsk.  • 


JI.«rP.  - 


B^nesqme.j 

Bimomd. 

Ran. 

R.Br.       >  . 
R.  Brown,  f 


Bedmdi. 
Reich. 


] 


and 


PerMMOM.    An  old  botanical  an- 

thor. 
Pawm,    A  Spanish  botanist. 
George  Petm^.     A  botanist  and 

nurserjrman. 
Perrotiet.    A  French  botanist. 
Persoom.    A  French  boumlst  and 

botanical  autlior. 
Pmrsk.    A  Prussian  botanist,  and 

traTeiler  in  North  America. 
Plimif.   An  ancient  naturalist,  and 

classic  author. 
L.  Plukeneti.    A  Dutch  botanist. 
Poiret.  A  French  botanical  writer. 
Poiteau  ami  TWvm.    French  bo. 

tanioal  draughtsmen. 
PoUick.    A  German  writer  on  the 

plants  of  the  Pilatinate. 
Porlwguese. 
J.  Polls.    A  collector  of  plants  in 

China. 
Pomret.    A  French  botanist. 
Presl.    A  Bohemian  botanist. 
Pmrsk.    A  Prussian  botanist,  and 

traveller  In  North  America. 


Rm^  a$td  Pamm.    Spanish  bota. 

nists  and  traTellers  in  Peru  and 

Chile. 
Resmer  et  Sekmlix.    German  bota- 

nbts. 


Rqfiaesque  Sekmala. 
author. 


A  botanical 


A  French  botanist. 

JokmRa^.  A  celebrated  botanist 
and  naturalist. 

Dr.  Robert  Broum,  P.R.S.,  ^.  A 
distinguished  RngUsh  botanist, 
and  traveller  in  New  Holland, 

RedotUi.    A  Ftench  botanist. 

ReieMkbaek.  A  German  bota. 
nist 

P.  Remeamlaie.  Author  of  *'  Spe- 
cimen Hlstoria  Plantanam.'* 
1611. 


ilofts. 

RSm.ei 
SekmU 

neem 
SekmU. 

Romalds. 


^1 

at.f 

itt.3 


A 

Riekard.    A  French  botanist. 

J>r.  Riekardsom.  A  traveller  In 
the  northern  parts  of  BrMUi 
America,  and  author  of  the  Ap- 
pendix on  Natural  HistoiT  to 
FrankUn*s  "  Travels." 

Robsom,    Aa  English  botaaisC 


RoU.  - 
Rotb.  - 
JZqyiff.    • 


Rmi%  et  Poo. 
RmneiPi 


Rmss. 
Rmss. 


ao.'i 


Sak.        \ 
Saiime,  5 

SaL      I 
SaUsk.  i 


Sdkiedeet 
Sckt.  • 
Sekledki. 


'.} 


Sekleckt.en 
Ckam.    J 
Sckleieker. 

SekiHidi. 

Sekrad.     7 
Sckrader.  | 
Sekrank. 
Sckrto,  - 
soamoersm 
SckmU.    I 
8ekml§es.S 
Scop. 
Ser.        1 
SeriitgeA 
Siblk.      - 


Sieb. 
Sieb. 


awwers. 
Sims. 

SuUlk. 


SmilkqfAur. 
Soi.        > 

SoUmd.} 


Spaek.  ' 


RttmeTf  a 
SekmltOj  a  Bavarian  botanist. 


Ronalds,  A  nurserymaa  at 

ford. 
Jlossm21«slrr.     A  Germa 

mologisL 
RotHer.    A  German  mttsfcmasy. 
Basbmrgk.    An  Indian  botanbL 
Dr.  Bomie,  P.B.S.,  \e.    ProC  of 

Bfat.«ed.  hi   King's  CoUcge. 

Author  of  '*  IllttstratloDS  of  Uw 

Natural  Historrand  BotHB^oT 

the  Himalayas,''  &e. 
BmiK  and  Pawm.    Spanish  botn- 

nists,  and  trsveUers  In  Pent  and 

Chile. 
BmsselL    Abotanlst  of  AkppoL 


S. 


-  J.  Sabine,  F.R.8.,  #c.    A   , 

encouiager  of  nabiral  hlatorjr, 
botany,  and  gardening. 

-  SaHsbmry.    Aa  emtnent   English 

botanist. 
•   AsN^.    A  Scotdi  amseijmau  and 
author. 

-  Santi.    An  Italian  botanist. 

-  Sckiede  and  Depme.     Writera  on 

the  botany  of  Mexico. 
>    Sckleieker.     A   Swiss 

lector. 
.    Sektecktendakl.       A 

Gciman  botanist. 

-  SekleekiendaklandCkamisso  Two 

German  botanists. 

-  Sckleieker.     A  Swiss 

lector. 

-  Sekmidt.     A    German 

author. 

-  Sckrader.    A  German  botanist. 


A  Bavarian  botanist. 
A  German  botaaiet. 
A  Polish 


-  SeAronA. 
«    Sekreber. 

-  Sekmbert, 

'   Sdkmltes.    A  Bavarian  botaalrt. 

-  Seopoli.    An  Italian  botanist. 
>    Seringe.    A  Swiss  botanist 

-  Sibtkorp.  An  EngUsh  botanist,  and 

professor  of  botany  at  Oxford, 
traveller  in  Greece,  and  author 
of  "  Flora  Orvca.*' 
Sieber.  A  botanical  coUeetor. 
.  SiebeU  {Dr.  9onX  A  Bavarian 
botanist,  who  has  fanpoitedmaay 
▼aluable  plants  fTom  Japan. 

-  Sievers.    A  German  botanist. 

•    Sims.     An  English   garden   bo- 
Unlst. 

-  SirJ.E.  Smitk.    Founder  of  the 

Lin.  Soc.,  and  author  of  sev«»d 
botanical  works. 

Smitk.    Nursenrroan  <rf Ayr. 

Sokmder.  A  Swedish  botanist, 
and  companlou  of  Sir  Joseph 
Banks  in  Cook's  voyage  nmad 
the  world. 

SamUmge-Bodln.  A  French  bo- 
tanist and  horticulturist. 

Spack.  A  writer  in  the  **  Anaalea 
des  Sciences  Natorellea.'* 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    REFERRED    TO. 


J 128 


Strpketu.S 
8tn.     ) 
8te9em.y 

Stoka.  . 

Swea,    - 
Svfed*     - 
Suft, 
Sttm. 
8w«art% 


J 


709. 


Tm,      1 
Tenore.y 
Tkeopk, 
nore.   •     • 
Tlkoiy.  -     - 
Tkouin. 
Tkml.       1 
Tkuittter.\  * 

Tkunb.i 

T.  Nee$  ah  B, 

Torreif.  - 
Tt>rr.  etOra^. 


'    SfnmgA.    A  German  botanist. 
.   SUpkent,   ABrttlihentomoIogiit. 

-  Slmm.    A  RttMlan  boUniit 

-  Stokeg.    An  Bi»Ush  phyiidan. 

•    89enk$.     A    SwedUh    botanical 
aathor. 

-  See  Svl, 

-  Svediik, 

'    Sweet.    An  Bngliih  botanlit. 

-  Smari».    A  Swedish  botanist,  and 

traveller  In  the  West  Indies. 

T. 

-  Tmuek.    A  German  botanist. 

.    Tmvemier,    A   traTeller   in  the 
Bast. 


.    Teitore.    A  Neapolitan  botanist. 


Theopkrotitu, 
Tkore,    A  French  botanist. 
Tkory.    A  French  botanist. 
Tktntin.    A  French  botanist. 

nmOUer.    A  French  botanist. 

Thmtberg.    A  Swedish  botanical 

traTeller. 
r.  Nee$  ab  Esmieek.    A  German 

botanist. 
Tlorrev,    An  American  botanist 
Dn.TorreifandGra^.  Authors  of 
the  "  Flora  of  North  America." 
Tirnm.         •    Tmm^fitrt.     An  old  French  bo- 
tanist, and  traveller  In  Greece 
and  Asia  Minor. 
Trag,    -      -    TYagus  or  JSoek.    A  German  bo- 
tanist. 
TWtf.     -     •    TVwttMk.    A  botanist  or  Vienna. 


V. 

raU.     .      .    Vakl.    A  botanical  aathor. 

Fan,      -     -    VuiUamt.    A  French  botanist  and 

traveller. 
Feni.     •     -    FemtemtU.    A  French  botanist. 


Fen.     . 

Feei,      - 
Fm,      1 

ViUar9.S 
Fin, 

Fit. 

Film,     . 
FHt, 


W, 


fFaklenk. 

WaUM.\ 
WaUM,  etK.it. 

Walker, 

WtUi,     .     . 

WttUr.  .       - 
Wait,     .     . 


Wang,      •) 
Waagenk,/ 

MTIOT.         J 

Wat$.      1     . 

Wat»<m.S 

Webb.     «     - 

WeikaesNeee. 

WemdL  -     - 

Wiekt.   -  - 

WilU.    -  . 

Wood.  1  . 
Wooda.i 

Wood9, 

ifw^r.    -    - 


-  Fett,    A  Styrian  botanist. 

•    FiUan.    A  French  botanist 

-  Jaeqmim't     *•  Horime     Fimdobo- 

ttetuie.** 
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-  FUmatm,    A  German  botanist 

-  FtMini^.    An  Italian  botanitt. 


W. 

WiUdenow,    A  German  twtanist, 

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Waklemberg.  A  Swedish  botanist. 
Waldetein,  A  noble  German  patron 

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Waidstein  and  Kitaidei.    Authors 

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Dr,  Walker.    A  Scotch  writer  on 

planta. 
Wallick.    Superintendent  of  the 

Botanic  Garden  at  Calcutta. 
Wallrolk,    A  German  botanist. 
Walter.    A  writer  on  the  **  Flom 

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-  Wamgemkeim.  A  German  botanist. 

•  Watson.  An  English  writer  upon 
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Webb.  An  English  botanist  and 
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Weike  and  Neet,  Two  German 
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WenMand.  A  German  garden  bo- 
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Wiekttrom.    A  German  botanist 

See  If  • ' 

Wood$,     An   English  writer  on 


WoodmiUe.    An  English  botanist 
Wml^    A  German  botanist. 


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Boi,  Rep.    See  Jndr.  Bd.  R^, 
Bd.  Zea.    Boianische  Zeitung. 
Bonicker't   Treatid  om  rmfetng  Eared  Tted» 

Edinb.  1775.    4to. 
Breifn.  Ceni.     Exotlcarum  Plantanmi  Centnria. 

By  Jacobus  Brqrnius.    GedanI,  1678.    Fol. 
BrU.  Fi.  Oard.    See  Sweet. 


Bromd.  CM,  Qdk,    Chloria  Gothlca.    By  Olana 

Bromellns.    GoChobarKK  1694.   8to. 
Brong.  M4m.  RJkam.     Nnnotre  sur  la  Famllie 

des  Rhamntes ;  ou  Histoire  Naturdle  et  M^ 

dicale  des  Genm  qui  oomposent  oe  Group  des 

Plautes.  Par  Adolpbe  Brongnfaut.  Paris,  1896. 

4to. 
Brd.  Plor,  Lmt.  See  Brotero*§  Flora  Lm$ita$Uea. 
Brdero^e  Fi.  Lnt.     See  iUd. 
Brdem^e   Flora  LtuHanica.    OUsalpona,  1804. 

9  Tols.  8to. 
Brd.  Pkut.     Phytographla  Luaitania  selectior. 

By  FeUz  AreUar  Brotero.    OUsslpona,  1801. 

fol. 
Brown  Prod,    Prodromos  Flora  Nora   Hol- 

landia  et  Insula  Van  Diemen.    By  Robert 

Brown.    Load.  1810.   Sro. 
Bmek  PL   Can.     Voo    Bueh's    Flora  of  the 

Canaries. 
BmH  PL  Par.    Flora  Parislensls.    By  BuUlanL 

Paris,  1776—1780.    5  toIs.  8to. 
BulL  Herb.    HerUer  de  la  France.    Id.  1780  et 

seq.  fol.  pL  600. 
Ball.  8oe.  Nai.   Mot.    Bulletin  des   Sdencea 

Naturdles  de  Moscou. 
Bmrgtd.  AnteU.    Burgsdorf  (F.A.L.),  Anleltung 

■or  sichem   Ersienung  und  iweckmasslgen 

Anpflansong  der  einhelmlschen  imd  fremden 

Holsarten  welche  in  Deutschland  und  unter 

ahnllchen  Klina  Im  flreien  fortkommen.  1795. 

StoIs.  8to. 
BuMb.  Cent.    J.  C.  Buxbaum,  Plantarum  minus 

cognltarum    CenturIa   qulnque.      PelropoU, 

17W-1740.    5  ToU.  4to. 
Awft.  H^,    Id.,  Bnumeratio  Plantarum  in  Agro 

Hallense  cresoentium.    Hida,  ITSl.   Uro. 


C. 


Col.  Mem.    Memdrt  of  the  Caledonian  Horti- 
cultural Sode^. 
Comb.  Ann,  8ei,  Nai,    See  Cambettedei  Man. 

Cambdtedet  Mon.  Spir.  in  Ann.  8d.  Nai.  Cam- 
bessedes*s  Monograph  of  the  Splrcas,  In  the 
Annales  des  Sclmces  Naturellea,  torn.  1. 

Cam.  EpU.  Joachim  Camerarius,  De  Plantis 
Epitome  uHllssima.  Francof.  Man.  1566. 
4to. 

Caletb.  Card.  Cataiby's  Natural  History  of 
Carolina,  Florida,  and  the  Bahama  Islands. 
Lond.  1741—1745.  3  vols,  folio. 

Cat.  Hon.  Findob.    See  Jaeg.  Hort,  FAs. 

Cav.  Did.  A.  J.  CaranUIes,  Mooadelphla  Classls 
DIssertationet  Decem.  MaCrit.  1790.  4to. 
pi.  907. 

Cav.  Ic.  Id.,  Icones  et  Descriptionea  Plantaram 
qua  aut  sponte  In  Hispania  erescnnt,  aut  In 
Hortis  hoapltantar.  Matrit.  1791—1801.  6  rob. 
fol.  pi.  601. 

Celt.  Vat.    Celsius,  Hortus  Unaalenais. 

Ckoit,  Prod.  Hyp.  J.  D.  Cholajr.  Prodromua 
d*nne  MoQogriq>hie  des  Hyp^ridnees.  Genera, 
1891.    4to. 

CkmrtkiWt  Medical  Botany.  Medical  Botany; 
or,  lUustrations  and  Dcacriptlons  of  the  Medi- 
dnal  Plants  of  the  London,  Edinburcfa,  and 
Dublin  Pharmaoopeeias.  By  J.  Stephenson, 
M.D.,  ftc  and  James  Morss  Churchill,  F.L.S. 
Lond.  1881.  4  vols.  8to. 

Gbwf.  Flor.  Virgin.  Gronorlus  (J,  F.),  Flora 
Vlfglnioi,  exhUMns  Plantaa  qnas  J.  Clayton  In 

Virginia  coUcglt.    Lugduni  I^tei  

8to» 

GNn.  Hid. 


kToram,  1748. 
See  CtostfM *»  Rariormm  PtonU 


dm.  Pan.    Carolus  Clndus,  Rarionnn  aliquot 

Sdrplom  per  Pannoolam  obserr.    Hlstorla. 

1668.    8w.  ,^    ^    . 

Clmtimt*s  Rariorwn  PUmiamm.    Id.,  Rariorum 

Plantarum  HIatoria.    Antrerpfa,  1606.  fol. 
CoUa  Hart.  J?4».    See  Cotla  Hort.  RipmL 
CoOa  Hort.  Riaml.    CoUa,  Hortua  RIpulensis. 

Turin,  1899—188?.  4ta 

4c  3 


1126 


LIST  OF   BOOKS    REFERRED   TO. 


Comm.  Oifei.  CoamenUrU  SocieUtb  regis 
OfMCtli^eiwU.  1761,  17M,  17e»— 1S16.  4  toIs. 
4to. 
(knmm.  Hort.  Amai.  Joh.  Commelyn.  Hortl 
iiMdIel  Ain«teIodam«naifl  nurioriun  PUnUrum 
Deierlptlo  et  IconM.  Pan  prima.  Amttelod. 
1697-  wL  Pan  altera.  By  CaM».  Commelvn. 
1703.  fol. 
C9mp.Boi,Mag.  See  CmmpamUm  to  ike  Botmmkmi 

iiagaaUme. 
Compamiom  to  ike  Boismioal  MagnUne  s  being  a 
Journal  containing  such  interecting  botanical 
Information  as  does  not  come  within  the  |m«- 
icrlbed  Idmlts  of  the  Bfagaslne ;  with  occa- 
fl<Kial  flgures.  Bjr  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.  Lond. 
Begun  in  183S. 
Cord.  Hiat.    Gordus  (C),  Hlstoria  Plantanira, 

ed.  i  C.  Gesnero.    Argentoratl,  1651.   Folio. 
Com,  Cam.    Jacob  Gomuti,  Cenadensium  Plan- 
tarum  aliarumque  noodam  editarura  Hlstoria. 
Paris,  1616.  4to. 
Cramn   AuUr.     Henr.   Joh.    N^Kim.    Crantf, 

Stirpes  AustrlacsL   1762.  8ro. 
Cmrt.  aot.  Mag.    The  Botanical  Magasine,  &c 
By  W.  Curtis  i  continued  by  Dr.  Sims ;  and, 
since  the  death  of  Dr.   Sims,  by  Sir  W.  J. 
Hooker.  Lond.    Begun  In  1787,  and  continued 
in  monthly  Nos.  8to. 
Cmrt,  FL  Lomd.    See  Cmrt.  Lond. 
Cmrt  Lond.    Flora  Londlnensls  ;  or.  Plates  and 
Descriptions  of  such  Plants  as  grow  wild  in 
the  BuTirons  of  London,  with  their  places  of 
Growth,  he.  By  W.  Curtis.  Lond.  1777.  S  vols, 
foi.  pi.  489. 
Daledi  Hit.    See  Daleckamp'M  Hi$t.  Plant 
Daieckamp^a  Hiat.  Plant.    Jacques  Dalechamp's 
Hlstoria  generalis  Plantanim.     Lugd.    1586, 
1087.    9  vols,  folio. 
Daop'a  AariemUmral   CkenUUrm.     Elements   of 
Agricultural   Chemistry.       By  Sir  Humphry 
Davy.    In  a  Course  of  Lectures  for  the  Board 
of  Agriculture.    London,  1813.    4to. 
Dee.  Aatr.    Ausustin  Pyramus  DeCandolle,  A»- 

tragalosla.    Paris,  1802.    4to  et  fol. 
Dee.  Ft,  Fr,    Id.  et  Lamarck,  Flore  Fran^aise. 

Paris,  1805-1818.    5  toIs.  8to. 
Dec,  Ft  Fr.  Smapl,    See  Dee.  Ft,  Fr. 
Dee.  Fl.  QalL    See  Dmby. 
Dee.  Hort.  Monap,    See  Dec.  CaL  Hort.  Monap. 
Dee.  Cat.  Hort.  Monap.    Id.,  CaUlogus  PUnU- 
rum Horti  Botanici  Monspeliensis,  addlto  Ob- 
serrationum  circa  Species  noTas  aut  non  satis 
cognltas  Fasclculo.    Monso.  1813.    8to. 
Dec.  Lig.  Mhm.    Id. ,  Memoire  sur  la  FamiUe  des 

L^mratneuses.    Paris.  1825.   4to,  pi.  70. 
Dee.  Mtim.  Soe.  Oen.    OeCand<^e  in  Mimolres 
de  la  SoclH^  de  Physiaue  et  d'Histoire  Naturelle 
de  Gen^e.    18SI,  ana  continued.   4to. 
Dee.  Mtm.  hied,  in  Soe.  Phyt.  Oen.     DeCan- 
dolle'b  MSS.  in  the  Htoiolres  de  la  Soe.  da 
Pfays.  et  d'Ulst.  Nat.  de  Gen^e. 
Dee,  MJS.    Manuscript  Information  firom  DeCan- 
dolle. 
DeCandolle  PL  Fl.    See  Dee.  PI,  Fr, 
Dee.  PI,  rar.  Jard.  Gen.    Id.,  Plantes  fares  du 
Jardln  de  Gendre.    Gen^.    1835^887.    4to, 
pi.  94. 
Dee.  Prod.     Prodromna    Systematls  naturalls 
Reonl  Vegetabillt ;  sen  Enumeratlo  methodica 
Ordlnum,  Oenerum,  Spederumque  Plantarum 
hucusque     oognitarum.      Paris,     1894—1880. 
4  Tols.  8to. 
Dee.  Spat.    Id.,  Regnl  ▼egetabUls  Systema  na. 
turale  <  sire  Ordlnes,  Genera,  et  Species  Plan- 
tarum, secundum  Mcth(HU  naturaJes   Normas 
digestarumetdeecriptarum.  Paris,  1818— 1891. 
9  thick  vols.  8to. 
De  Frmet,  el  Sam.  Plant.    J.  Gmtner,  De  Fruc- 
tibus  et  Seminlbus  Plantarum  :  continuat.  k 
C.  F.  Gsertner  sub  tltulo  "  Carpoloela."  Leip- 
•is,  8  Tols.  4to.   i..  1788 ;  11 .  17dl ;  iU.  or  Sup- 
plementum  Carpologte,  1805. 
DHamarre'a  TraSti  PraUqme  de  la  CmUmre  dea 

Pima.    Paris,  1834.  3d.  ed. 
Delarb.  Amwergn.    See  Delarb.  Fl.  Amo. 
Delarb.  Fl.  Amo.     Antoine  de  TArbre,  Flore 
d'Auvergne.     Bd.  I.,    1  toI.  8to.  Clermont- 


Fenand,  I7M.     Bd.  9l,  Bion  et 
1800, 9  Tols.  8to. 
Delammg  Herh,  AmmL    Delaunv  in 

1*  Amateur,  a  French  periodiML 
Deteaa.  Icon,    See  Deleu.  Icon.  aeL 
Deleaa,  Icon.  aeL   Ben|.  Daleasart,  Icooes  selectat 
Plantarum  In  System,  univen. 
Paris,  1890.   4to. 
Dend.  BrU.    See  Dendrotagia 
Dendroiamia  Sritanniaij  or.  Trees  and  Shnaba 

that  win  lire  in  the  open  Air  of  Britobk.    By 

P.  W.  Watson.    Land.   9  vols.  8to.  pi.  179. 
Deaf,  Act  Par.    Actes  de  la  SodHU  d'Histoiiw 

Naturelle  de  Paris.    Paris,  1792.   Folio. 
De^f.  Ann.  Mma.    Soe  Annalea  dm  Mmaie. 
De^f.  Arb.    See  De^f.  Hiat.  ^ 
Deqf.  Atlan,    See  Dnf.  Fl.  AtL 
Deaf,  Fl  AtL    E.  L.  DesGoMtaJnea,  Flora  Atlan- 

tica.    Paris,  17M,  1799l   2  rols.  4ta 
De^,  Hiti.  dea  Arhrea  et  Arbriaa.    UL.  Hlstaira 

des  Arbres  et  Arbrisseaux  qui  peurent  kin 

cultivte  en  pleine  Torre  sur  le  Sol  de  la  France. 

Paris,  1809.    8  ToIs.  8to. 
De^f.  Cat.  Bat    See  De^f.  CataL  Hort.  P, 
D^.  Cai.  Hort.  Parla,    See  ibid. 
Deaf.  Catal.  Hort  P.    Id.,  Catalogue  Pkntamoi 

Horti  regil  Parisiensls.    Paris,  1839.   8to,  3d 

ed. 
Detf.  Hort  Par.    See  De^f.  CataL,  ^c 
Deao.  Jomm.    See  Deiv.  Jomm.  Bot. 
Deao.  Joum.  Bot.     DesTaux,  Journal  de  Bot»- 

nique.    Paris,  1808—1814.   A  rols.  8ro. 
Diet  dea  Earn*  et  dea   Forita.    See  BaudrilL 

Traitt. 
DicU'onnaire  GHSral  dea  Bam*  et  Forita.    See 

ibid. 
Dietr.  Lea.  Smppl.    DIetricbs  (J.  G.),  VoOstlift. 

diges    Lexicon   der  Giirtnerey  una   *»«^*nl^ 

Weimar,  1801 .   2  vols.  8ro. 
DiU.  BUM.    Joh.  Jac.  DUlenhu,  Hortus  Bttham. 

ensis.  Lond.  1739.  9  rols.  f<M. 
Dod,  Pempt.  See  Dodon.  Pempl. 
Dodon.  Pempt,    Rambertns  Dodoncus  sen  Do. 

doens,  Sttrplum  Histori*  Pemptades  Sex,  aire 

LIbri  XXX.    Antrerptc,  1616.   fol. 
Don'a  MiU.    See  Doifa  Milter*a  Dtetumarg. 
Don*a  MiUer^a  Dictionary.    A  general  System  oT 

Gardening  and  Botany,  &c.,  founded  on  llillrr*s 

Dictionary,  and  arranged  according  to  the  Na. 

tnral  System.    By  George  Don,  F.L.S.     In 

4rola.4to.    1838. 
D.  Don  Prod.  Hep,     David  Don,  Prodromna 

Florss  Nepalensis.    Lond.  1895.   Small  8vo. 
D.  Don  MSS.    ProfiBSSor  Doo*s  MSS. 
DonaWa  Cat.   A  Catalogue  of  Trees  and  Shrubs 

contained  In  Robert  Donald's  Aiboretum  at 

Goldworth    Nursery,   Wotung,   near  Blplaj, 

Sorrer.    Folio  sheet. 
Donn  Hort.  Can.    See  Doms  Hort.  Cantab. 
Donn  Hort.  Cantab,    James  Donn.  Hortns  Can. 

tabrlgiends  ;  or,  a  Catalogue  or  Plants,  indl- 

genoos  and  foreign,  cultivated  in  the  WalkerlaB 

Botanic  Oardan  at  Cambridge.     Cambridce, 

1796.   8ro. 
DomgL  MS.     \  I>ou|das*s  MSS.,  In  possessioo  of 
Domglaa  MS,J  the  Hort.  Soe.  of  Londcm. 
DmSUn  Soe.  Trana.    Transactiosis  of  the  Dnbltn 

Society.    DubUn,  1800^1810    6vols.  8ro. 
Dmbg  et  Decand.  Bot.  GaUtc.    See  below. 
Dmbff  mad  DeCaadolWa  Bolanteon  GnlHcmm      J. 

B.  Duby  et  A.  P.  DeCandolle,  Botanicoo  Gal- 

Ileum,  seu  Synopsis  Plantarum  in  Flora  GallIca 

descriptarvm.    Paris.  1898->1880.    9  vols.  8ro. 
Dmk.  Arb.  A-.    See  De  Hamefa  Arkrea. 
Dm  HaaaeCa  Arbrea  FrmiUera.    Traits  des  Ar- 
bres Frulden.  By  Henri  Louis  Du  Hsmel  du 

Monceau.    Paris,  1768.   3  vols.  8ro. 
Dm  Ham.  Arb.  Nomv.    See  Dm*.  Ed.  Homo. 
Dmk.  Bd,  Nome,    Du  Hamel*s  TraM  des  Arbras 

et   Arbustes  qui  se  culdrent  en  France  eo 

?lelne  Terre.     A  new  edition.     Br  Micfaal. 
'arts,  1811— 1816.    6  rob.  fol. 
DsiM.  Bot  Cmlt.    See  Balamiate  Cmltioatemr, 
Dmm.  Comra.    See  fbld. 
DtiM.  Comra.  Bot.  Cmlt.    See  IbM. 
Dwm.  Comra  Stum.    See  lUd. 
Dmnal  Monog.  Mich.  Felix  Donal,  Monographle 
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LIST  OF   BOORS   REFERRED   TO. 


1127 


2W.  Somrg.    Daitmdo,  Flore  de  Boorgogne. 

DUon,  1789.  3  toU.  8to. 
Dm  Roi  Harbk.    Job.  PhIL  Du  Rol,  Die  Harb- 

ketche  wllde  Beumzocht.  Bramuchwdg,  I77l| 

1772.   iToU.  Sto. 


B. 


Saftm  Man,  Boi.  A  Manoiil  of  Botanr  for  the 
Morthem  and  Middle  States  of  Amenca.  Al- 
tMDT,  I8M.   19mo. 

Ed.  Fkit.  Joum.  Bdlnburgb  Philosophical 
Journal.  Conducted  by  Dr.  Brewster  and 
Professor  Jameson.  Bdinb.  1819— 1834.  IOtoIs. 
8T0.  Continued  by  Prof.  Jameson  alone,  under 
the  same  name,  IVom  1824 ;  and  ft-om  1826, 
called  •*  The  Edinburgh  New  Philosophical 
Journal."  Edinburgh,  1819,  and  continued. 
Svo. 

Sdw.  OmHk.  Natural  History  of  uncommon 
Birds,  and  of  some  other  rare  and  undescrlbed 
Animals,  Quadrupeds,  Reptiles,  Fishes,  In- 
sects, &c.  Bjr  Geo.  Edwards.  Lond.  1743— 
1761.    4  Tols.  4to,  pi.  310. 

Ekret  Fiet.  G.  D.  Ehret,  Plants  et  PapIUones 
rariores.    Lond.  1748— 17<V9.   Fol. 

Ekrk,  Arbor.    See  Ekrh.  Beitr. 

Ekrh.  Beitr.  Friedrich  Ehrhart,  BeltraM  lur 
Naturkunde.  Hanover  et  Osnabruk,  1787 — 
1798.   7  Tols.  8to. 

ElUoit  FL  S.  Car.  A  Sketch  of  the  Botany  of 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  By  Steph. 
ElUott.  Charleston,  1821—1884.  3Tois.  8to, 
pi.  13. 

EUiott  Jarnn.  Acad.  Set.  Philad.  See  J<mm. 
Aead.  Scien.  PkU. 

EU.  Sketch.    See  Elliott  Fl.  S.  Car. 

En.  PI.    See  fucwc.  ^Plants. 

Ene^.  Boi.    See  Lam.  Diet.  EnejfC. 

Encffc.  of  Cot.  Arck.  An  Encyclopedia  of  Cot- 
tage, Farm,  and  Villa  Architecture,  Furniture, 
ftc.  Br  J.  C.  Loudon,  F.L.S.,  Ac.  Lond. 
1839.    8yo. 

Enc^.  qf  Oard.  An  BncycIopsedIa  of  Garden, 
ing;  eomprising  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Horticulture,  Floriculture,  Arboriculture,  and 
Landscape-Gardening,  ftc.  By  J.  C.  Loudon, 
F.L.S.,  Ac.    Lond.  1836.    Ed.  8.   8yo. 

Bnc^.  (^Plants.  An  EncydmMsdla  of  Plants ; 
comprising  the  Description.  Specific  Character, 
Culture.  History,  Application  in  the  Arts,  Ac. 
By  J.  C.  Loudon,  F.L.S.,  Ac.  Lond.  1681. 
tiew  ed.    1836.  8to. 

Sng.  Boi.  English  Botany.  By  Sir  J.  B.  Smith 
and  Messrs.  Sowerby.  Lond.  1790—1814. 
36  Tols.  8to.  An  abridged  edition,  with  par- 
tially coloured  plates,  Is  now  (1838)  publish, 
ing. 

Aur.  Bat.  Svgapl.  Stroplement  to  the  English 
Botany  of  S!lr  J.  E.  smith  and  Messrs.  Sower- 
by ;  the  Descriptions,  Ac,  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker, 
LL.D.,  and  other  eminent  Botanists.  Lond. 
1831 .    8to.    Continued. 

Bng.  PI.    See  EftgUak  Flora. 

BmgUik  Flora.  English  Flora.  By  Sir  J.  E. 
nnith.    London,  1834— 188&  4  toIs.  8to. 

Enum.  Stirp.  Bvik.    See  Anmumn  Stirp.  BtOA. 

Etek.  Mhn.  Acad.  Sdene.  Peten.  Eschscholtx 
in  Mimoires  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  St. 
Petersburg. 

E$$aif»  on  Natural  Ittatory.  By  Dr.  Walker. 
London,  8to. 

Em.  Boi.    See  Smith*B  Bitot.  Boi. 

Es.  Cent.  Jacobus  Breynlus,  Exotiearum  Plant- 
arum  Centurium.    (xedani,  1678.  Fol. 


P. 

Jbdb.  Hori.  Oorenk.  F.  Fischer,  Catalogue  du 
Jardin  des  Plantes  de  Gorenki,  prds  de  Moiooa. 
1806.   13no. 

Pitch.  MSS.    Fischer's  MS8. 

Fl.  Br.  Sir  J.  E.  Smith's  Flora  Brttannlca. 
Lond.  1800—1804.  3  toIs.  8to. 


FLCab.  The  Floral  CablneC.  By  G.  B.  Raowlef 

and  F.  WestcoCt.    Londoo  and  Birmingham. 

1837.1838.  4to. 
Fl.  Dan.    See  ntra  Daniea, 
FL  Pr.    See  Flore  Pransaiee. 
Fl.  Gr.    See  Fhr.  Gneca. 
Fl.  Nib.  •  See  Mackaif  Fl.  HOem. 
Fl.  Ind.  Oedd.    Swarts  (Olof ),  Flora  India  Go- 

cidentalli.    Brlangen,  1797, 1800, 1806.   StoIs. 

8to. 
FL  Jap.    Sleboldts's  Flora  Japonica. 
/7.  Mejt.  Icon.  intd.    Sesse  et  Mocino,  Flora 

Mexicana,  Icon.  ined.    Iconlbos  ab  IpM  Sesse 

ec  Cerrantesio  curatlf  nondura  editis  usns  est 

Candolleus. 
F/.  Nap.    See  Ttnor^t  Flora  Neapolitana. 
Fl.  Wett.    Flora  der  Wetterau  Ton  G.  Gartner. 

By   Meyer   and    J.   Scherblus.      1799—1801. 

4  Tols.  8to. 
Flor.    Grttc.      Dr.    Stbthorp's    Flora    Grace. 

Edited  by  Sir  J.  E.  Smith,  and  continued  by 

Sir  W.  J.  Hooker  and  Dr.  Llndley. 
Flora  Daniea.    Flora  Danica,  si  re  Icones  Plan- 

tarum  sponte  naacentlum  In  Regnls  Daniae  et 

Norregic,   Ac.     By  Vahl.  Homemann,   and 

Miiller.    Hafhiss.  1763-1889.  9  toIs.  fol. 
Flora  Grteea.    See  Flor.  Ortec. 
Flora  Lmtitanka.    See  Broi.  Flor.  Lta. 
Flora  Mea.  ic.  and  MSS.     See  Fl.  Mat.  icon. 

Hud. 
Flora  of  Berwick  t^jton  Tweed.    See  JoknHon*9 

Flora  qf,  Ac. 
Flora  SHeeUtea.    See  Kroek.  Fl.  Sa. 
Flora  TaurioO'Caueasiea.     L.  B.  F.  Marschall 

de  Bieberstein,  Flora  Taurlcc^Caacasica.  Char^ 

kovi«,  1806.    8to. 
Flore  Pranfaiee.   A.  P.  DeCandoIle  et  Lamarck, 

Flore  FTan^se.     Paris,  IHOfr— 1815.    A  t<^. 

8to. 
PUgge  Ann.  Mm$.    Fliigge  in  Ann.  Mas.    See 

Anmaiet  du  MuUe. 
Por»k.  JEnp.  Descr.  See  Portkaol  Sgpp.  Arab. 
Forskaol  J^typ.  Arab.    Petrus  ForskacA.  Flora 

£gyptiaoo-Arabica.    Hannise,  1776.  4to. 
Pragm.  Fl.  JtaL    See  Fiv.  Pragm. 
Pranklm"*  Firet  Joumeg.    See  PrankUm't  Nar^ 

raUvCf  ^c. 
Franklin's  (  Captain  John)  NarralHte  qf  a  Jour* 

new  to  the  Shores  qf  the  Polar  Sea  in  the  Years 

1819—1833.    Lond.  1833.    4ta 
Pranklin*s  Joum.  Append.      Appendix  to  the 

above,  on  various  Subjects  relating  to  Natural 

History.     By  Dr.  Richardson  andf  J.  Sabine, 

Esq.    Lond.  1883.    4to. 
^as.  Cat.    See  Piraser's  Cat. 
Phaser's  Cat    A  Catalogue  of  Plants  cultivated 

in  Fraaer's  Nursery,  Chelsea. 
Fireg.  Voif.    Freycenet's  Voyage. 
PtiesNooit.  E.  H.  Fries,  Novluse  Flone  Soecicse. 

Lunds,  1814.  4to. 
Pack*  Hist.    Leonhard  Fuchs,  De  HIstorIA  Stir. 

plum  Commentarli  inslgnes.     Basllec,  1643. 

G. 

Qetrta.JU.  Carp.    See  De  Frmet.  et  Bern. 

Gtert.  Pr.    See  Ibid. 

Qitrt.  Sem.    See  Ibid. 

Gard.  Chron.  The  Gardener's  Chronicle  for 
1841. 

Gard.  Mag.  The  Gardener's  Magasine.  Con- 
ducted  mr  J.  C.  Loudon,  F.L.S.,  Ac.  Londoo, 
17  vols.  8vO|to  1848.    Continued  monthly. 

Oarid.  Aim.    P.  J.  Garidel.  Histoire  des  Plantes 

ril  nalssant  aux  Environs  d'Alx.    Aix,  1715. 
vols.  fol. 
Gater.  Mont.  Gateran,  Description  des  Plantes 

Jul  croissent  aux  Environs  du  Montauban. 
fontauban,  1789-   8vo. 
Gen.  qfN.  Amer.  Plants.  Thomas  NutUlI,  The 
Genera  of  North  American  Plants,  and  a  Ca- 
talogueof  the  Species.  Philadelph.  1818.  3  vols. 
ISmo. 
Gen.  PL  Ft.  Germ.    Genera  Plantarum  Flora 

Oermanica. 
Grr.  Em.    See  Ger.  Emae.  App. 

4C  4 


1128 


LIST   OF   BOOKS    RBFBRRED   TO* 


Oer,  Bmne.    8«e  Qer.  Bmme.  Apm. 

Ger.  Bmae.  Appemd.  John  Genrd,  The  H«ri»l ; 

or, Oeneral  Hlstorrof Plantsaatnered bgr  John 

Gerard.    Loud.  1S97.  fol.     Enlarged  by  Joiui- 

■on,  1638. 
Qtr.  Oallo^Prov.  Ludortc  Germrde,  Flora  OaU<H 

Prorlndalb.  Paris,  1761.  8to. 
Otr.  Fro9.  See  Ger.  OaUO'Prov. 
Oem.  Fa»e.  Geener  (Coar.),  HUtorfae  Flantamm 

Faicicalus  qaem  ex  Blbllatheca  C.  J.  Trew. 

edidlt  G.  C.  Schmledel.     Norimbergs.  1759. 

TdI. 
Gem.  Epist,     Id.    Bplstolie  Hediclnalee.    4to, 

WittebergflB,  16B4 :  8vo,  BaaUUe,  1891. 
Getn.  loom.  Piet.    Id.,  Opera  Botanlca  ex  Bibll- 

otheca  C.  J.  Trew.    Edidlt  eC  praeArtus  eet  C. 

C.  SchmiedeL    Norimb.  1751—1770.  foUo. 
QOib.  Bot.  Prat.    Job.  Em.  Olllbert,  Hlstoire 

des  Plantei  d'Burope ;  ou  Bl&neof  de  Bo- 

tanioue  pratlaoe.    Ljodi,  1796, 8  toU.  9ro ;  9d 

ed.,  Lyons,  1606,  8  toIs.  8to. 
GOUet'iMSS.    Dr.  GUlies*s  M8S. 
G.  M.    See  Gard.  Mag. 
Gmel  PI.  Bad.   Carol.  Christ.  Omelln,  Flora  Ba- 

densls-Alsadca.  Carlsruhs,  1806—1806.  8toIb. 

8to. 
Gmel.  Pi.  SibHr.    Job.  Georg.  Gmelln,  Flora  81. 

biriea.    Petropoli,  1747—1769.   4  rois.    4to. 
Gmel.  Itim.     Gmelln  (J.  O.),  Travels  throogh 

Siberia,  between  the  Years  1788—1748.     In 

German.    GGctlngen,  1751, 1768.    6to. 
Gmel.  Sib.    See  GmeL  PL  SOrir. 
GmeL  Sifai,    Job.  Frld.  Gmelin,  CaroU  Linnnl 

Systema  Natune.     Lngduni.  179&     10  toU. 

6Ta 
GmeL  Smei.  Fdw.    See  GmeL  S^#. 
Gorier  ingr,    David  De  Gorter.  Flora  Ingrioa 

ex   Schedulls   Steph.     Krasohentnikow,  te. 

Petropoli,  1761.  8to.    Appeodix,  1764. 
Gouan  PL  Motup.     Ant.  Oouan,  Flora  Monspe- 

Uaca.    Lugdiml,  1768.  8to. 
GoiHM  Hort.    Id.,  Hortus  Regius  Monspeliensis, 

sistens  Plantas  turn  lodigenas  turn  exotlcas,  Ac. 

Lugduni,  176S.  8to,  pi.  4. 
GoiiMS  VL  Id.,  lUustratlonei  BotsnIcsB.  Tiguri, 

1778,  fol. 
Gemam  Momt,    See  G<num  Pt.  Momp. 
Orap*s  Arr.    Natural  Arrangement  of  British 

Plants,  according  to  their  Relations  to  each 

other,  as  pointed  out  by  Jussieu,  DeCandoUe, 

Brown,  ftc.,  Indudlng   those  cultlTated  for 

use;  with  an  Introduction  to  Botany,  in  which 

the  Terms  newly  tatroduced  are  explained. 

By  S.  F.  Gray.     London,  1881.    9  vols.  8to, 

pL  21. 
Gronon.  et  Walt.  PI.  Car.    See  PL  CaroUmUma. 
Gronov.  Virg.    J.  Fred.  Gronorius,  Flora  Vlr. 

glnlca  exbibens  Plantas  quas  J.  Clayton  in 

VirginlAoollegtt.  Lugd.Bat.l748,4toi  Bd.9., 

Lu^.  Bat.  176'i,  4to. 
Gmimp,  Abb.  Hoht.    F.  Guimpel,  Abbildung  der 

deutschen  HoUarten   fUr  Torstmanner  nnd 

Liebhaber  der  Botanik.     Berlin,  1815—1890. 

9  Tols.  4fco,  pi.  316. 
GUU.  Itin.    GOldenstadt  (T.  A.),  Reisen  dnrch 

Ruasland,  und  in  caucasischen  Oebliwe,  her- 

ausegegeben  Ton  P.L.Pallas.      8t.Petersb. 

1787.    4to. 
Gtunme  PL  Bar,    Ja  Gussone,  Plantss  mriores 

per   Regiones    Samntl   ao    Apnitti  follecta. 

NeapoU,1836L    4to,  pi.  66. 


H. 


Hanke  Beob.  Thad«us  H«nke,  Beobaditongen 
auf  Reisen  nach  dem  Rieaen-gebirge,  &c. 
Dresden,  1791.   4to. 

HaU.  Hrbt.    Albert  Von  HaUer,  Hlstorla  Stir- 

rum  indigenarum  Helvetia.     Bema,  1768. 
TOU.  fol. 
HaU.  Hist.    See  HalL  Hei». 
Ham.  MSS.    See  Ha$iUl.  MSS, 
Hamil.  ass.    Hamilton  MSS. 
Haworth  Stippl.    A.  H.  Haworth,  Supplemen- 


tma  Flantamm  sooculentanim.    Load.  1819. 
8vo. 
Haw.  A».  PI.  8me,    See  HmworA  8npi, 
Ha^neMbOd,    8eeHa^meAbbild.der4eui.Boik. 
Omm  AbbiUL  der  deal.  Holz.     AbbOdung   ~ 

deutschen  Holxarten  fiir  Fontminaer 
Liebhaber  der  Botanik,  herausgegeben 
F.  Guimpel,  entworfcn  and  beschrabung 

C.  L.  Wllldenow.  in  lelstrer  RQcksiefat  fortge. 

setst  Ton  F.  G.  Hayne.    Berlin,  1880.    4to. 
HatfMDem.   9o6  Hagm^g  Dendrokgudke  Ftorm, 
Ha^me  Dendr.    Seelbid. 
Hmme*»  Demdrologiteke  Ptora.    DendralogUGfae 

Flora,  Oder  BeschreibttBg  der  <n  Deutadtland 

im  frelen  auadauemd«i  Holiegewacfaae.    Toa 

Dr.  T.  G.  U«rne.    Berlin,  1888.    Svo. 
H.  B.  et  Ktmtk  Ifo9.  Gen.  Amer.      Humboldt, 

Bonplaud,  et  Runth.  Nova  Genera  et  Spedea 

Flantanmi.    Paris,  181&_1885.    7  vols.  410. 
Hedw.  P.  Gem,     D.  J.  Hedwig,  FHicum  Geoera 

etSpedes.    Ups.  179a    Fo0o,pL6. 
^m.  JHn.    See  Herm.  Diu. 
Berb.  AmarpU,  TheHon.andRev.W.HertMrt's 

AmarvUkueesB. 
Herb.  Hmnke.   H«nke*s  Hertarium. 
Herb.  Lin.  Soc.   The  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  Hettert 

in  the  Ltnnean  Society's  l^ansaetlona. 
Herm.  Dim.    B.  F.  Hermann,  Diss,  de 

Argentorati,  1768.    4to. 
Herm.Lng^.  Paulas  Hermann,  Florsl 

BatavsB  Flcves,  ed.  L.  Znmhach 

1690.    8vo. 
Rem.  Meg.    See  Bern.  Meg.  loam. 
Hem.  Meg.  Jam.     Hemandes  (F.  G.),   Nova 

Plantannn,  Animalium,  et  Minenliani  Mexi> 

canorum  lustoria :  a  N.  A.  Reocho  In  Votaasen 

digesta,  a  J.T.J.Fri>ro,et  F.Colamna,Lynccia, 

Notis  et  Additionibos  Ulustrata.    Bonue,  1651. 

folio. 
Histoire  dee  Chines  derJmfrlqme.  SeeJr&A«w'« 

Hiatoire  des  Chines,  Ac. 
Hisioire  des  CkbtesdeFAs 

Seelbid. 

Hqffin.  HAL  Sai.    See  Hi^ks.  Saf . 
BaMn.  Sal.     Georg.  Frans  HoAnann,  HIalovia 

Sidlcnm  loonibos  mustr.    Lipsia,  178&.    fcL 
Bqff^anwgg  PL  Port.    HoAnanaegg  et  Link. 

Flore  Fortugaiae.  Roetoch  et  Beriin.  1806.  Fol. 
0dok.Bot.Miseel.   Botanical  Miscellany;  oa». 

talning  Figures  and  Descriptions  of  son  Plaata 

as  reoommeDd  themselves  by  their  Novelty, 

Rarity,  or  History.    By  Sir  W.  J.  Hookw. 

London,  1880— 1888.    Svob.Svo. 
Book.  Bot.  Comp.    See  Comp.  Bot.  Mem. 
Hook.  W.  Jack.  Conm.  Bot.  Mag.     See  ibid. 
Hook.  Br(ti$h  Flora.    British  Flora ;  compiishig 

the  Phanogamous  or  Flowering  Plante,  and  tbe 

Ferns.    Id.    Lond.  1880—1888.   8  vols.  8vo. 
Hook.  Bg.  PI.    Exotic  Flora.    Id.     Edinb.  I8B 

— 1887.    3  Tols.  8vo,  ^  888. 
Book.  PL  Bor.  Amer.  Flora  Boreall  Ameffkauns 

compiled  principally  tnm  the  Plants  collwted 

on  the  Northern  Luid  Expeditioa,  under  Com- 

mand  of  Capt.  Sir  John  Franklin.    Id.   Land. 

1889—1884.    4ta 
Book.  Fl.  ScoHta.    Flora  Sootica ;  or.  a  Deecrip. 

tion  of  Scottish  Plants,  arranged  both  aoooritas 

to  artificial  and  natural  Methods.  Id.  London, 

I8S1.    8va 
Book.  Lond.    Curtis's  Flora  Londinensla, 

tinoed  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hooker.     Lond.  foL 

Cart  Land, 
Hook.  Soot.    Sea  Hook.  PL  Sceticm. 
Bom.  Bort.  Beg.  Bttf.  J. W.Homemann,  Hortoa 

Regius  Botanicos  HaflileBsis.     Haihte,  181  a^. 

6vo. 
Hom.  Bort.  Beifn.  Stmpl.    J,  W.  Homemaan, 

HortiRegUBotanld  HaJhiensis  Supplemeotum. 

HaftiisB,  1819.    l8aM>. 
Hort.  AtigL    Hortus  AugUcns ;  w,  the  Modem 

Bni^h  Flower.Garden,  ftc.  By  the  Author  of 

the  British  Botanist.    London.  1888.    8  vols. 

8vo. 
Bort.  Beige.    Horticulteur  Beige.    A  Monthfy 

Gardening  JoomaL 
Hort.  Brit.   Hortus  Britannicos.  AOrtatogaeoT 

all  the  Plantt  indigenous,  cwltivated  In.  or  in* 


LIST  OF  BOOKS   REFERRKD   TO. 


1129 


troduoed  to,  Britalii.    Edited  hy  J,  C.  Loudon, 

F.L.S.,  ftc.    Lond.  18S0.    8to. 
Hort.  a(ff:    CaroluB  Liniueus.    Bortui  CUflbr- 

tianiu.    Amttord.  1787.    fid. 
Hort,  Dmr.   Hortus  Duroremii ;  being  •  Cat»> 

logue  of  PlanU  cultiTated  and  lold  in  the  Can- 
terbury Nunery,  1881. 
Hort.  Eric.  Wobmm.    Bortua  Brioeua  Wobum- 

ensis.    London,  18M. 
Hort,  ^§i.    See  BetL  Spit, 
Hort.  King,    See  AU,  Hort.  Kew, 
Hort.  Par.    Hortui  Parlaiensls. 
Hort.  SdiSnhr.    Hortus  Schfinbumentis. 
Hort.  Soe.  Cat.  qf  FirmU.    Catalogue  oT  FralU 

cultlyated  In  the  Garden  of  the  London  Horti- 
cultural SodetT.    Lond.  1896.    9fo, 
Hort.  2Vaiw.    Tranaactiona  or  the  London  Hor- 
ticultural Society.    Lond.  181ft—1881.    7toU. 

4to.    New  leriea  commenced  in  1881,  and  oon« 

tinued. 
Hortus  CarUmhamms.     Hortus  Carlsruhanus, 

Oder  Veraeichniu  lammtUcher  Gewachse,  ftc. 

Heransgegeben  von  Garten-inspector  Hartweg. 

Carlsruhe,  1896.  8to. 
H8ss   Anieit.       See   AmleU,  die  JSimme  mmd 

Strdmeke  OeUerreidu^  ^. 
flow*#  Qemehtfasaiickt  AnleOwmgy  fe.    See  ibid. 
Hott  FL  Amttr,    See  Hoift  Fl.Amatr, 
Hotft  FU  Amair.    N.  T.  Host,  Flora  Anstrlnea. 

Vlena  18S7— 1831.    8  vote.  8to. 
HottTM  SaL  Atutr.   Host's  Sails.  Vienna,  folio. 
Hmb.  Ft.  AngL  WUliam  Hudson,  Flora  AngUca. 

Lond.  176S,  1  toI.  8to;  Bd.  S.,   Lond.  1778. 

StoIs.  8Ta 
Hmmb.  et  BompL  PL  Bfuim.  Alezand.  F.  H.  von 

Humboldt  et  Boniriand,  Plantes  iqulnoziales. 

Paris,  1806— 181&   StoIs.  fol. 
Htumb.  et  BompL  Noo.  Gem.  etSp.Pi,    See  HJf. 

et  KmUM  Noo.  Gem.  4c. 
Hmmt.  Eoei.  8mL     See  Hmmier'e  fae^ns. 
Hmmter'e  EvAm,    Erelyn's  SUva.  with  Notes. 

By  A.  Banter,  M.  D.  York,  177«.    9Tols.4to. 


I, 


loom.  Bar.  See  Jaeq,  learn.  Bar, 

tcoMoarapkia  Bwtiea.  IconMm>hia;  or,  the 
Nobleman,  Gentleman,  and  Gardener's  Recre- 
ation, ftc.  By  Stephen  Switxer.  Land.  1718. 
I  vols.  8to. 

Imdeg  Plamtarmm  Agri  BtfardlemaU.  By  J. 
Planer.   Gotbse,  17w.    8to. 

Itim.  Cmrioi.  Stukely  (W.),  Itinerarium  Cnrl- 
osum ;  or,  an  Account  of  the  Antiquities  and 
Remarkable  Curiosities  observed  m  TraTels 
through  Great  Britain.  100  plates.  Lond. 
1794.   fol. 


J. 


Joe.  8e,    See  Jaeq.  Hort,  SdkSm, 

Jac.  Amtr,     Jaoquin  N.  J.  Stirplam  Antriea- 

narum  Historia.    1768.  fol. 
Jaeq.  Amtr.  N.i.  too  Jaoquin,  Flora Austrlacae^ 

siTe  Plantarum  selectarum  in  Austriss  Archi- 

ducatu  sponte  crescentium  Icones,  ad  Tivam 

ooloratK,  et  Descriptionibns  ac  Synonymis  0. 

lustratje.     VlennsB,  1778—1778.     5  vols.  fol. 

pi.  900. 
Jaeq.  Amtt.  Appemd.    See  Jaeq.  Ametr. 
Jaeq  CoL    Id.,  Collectanea  ad  Botanicam,  Ac^ 

spectaotia.     Vindobonse,  178&— 1790.    4  vols. 

4ta    Vol.  V.  sive  Supplementum.  1796. 
Jaeq.  et  Boecone  As  Sekoutb.  Mar.    Schousboe 

<P.  K.  A.),  lagttagelier  orer  Tsntrlget  i  Ma. 

rocoo.   Kiobennaoo,  1800 ;  ed.  Germ.  Leipaig, 

1801.   4to. 
Jaeq.  Frag.     N.  J.  too  Jacquln,   Fragmenta 

Botanlca.    Vienna,  1 80O-1809.    fol. 
Jaeq.  Hort,  Sckom.     id.,  Plantanun  rariorum 

Horti  Ccsarei  Schombrunensis.    Vleana,  1797 

—1804.    4TolSwfol. 
Jaeq.  Hort,  Vim.    Id.,  Hortus  Botanlous  Vindo- 

bonensis.    Vindobona,  1770— 1776.    iTob.  fol. 


Jaeq.  leom.    See  Jaeq.  Icem.  Bar, 

Jaeo.  lam.  Bar,  Id.,  icones  Plantarum  rariorum. 

VlndobonsB.  1781—1798.    8  vols.  fol. 
Jaeq.  Mi$e.    Id.,  Miscellanea  Austrlaea  ad  Bota- 

nicam,etfe,spertantia.  Vindobonse,  1778—1781. 

9  vols.  4to. 
Jaeq.  Obe.     Id.,  Observatfones  Botanicas.  Vin^ 

dobona,  1764— 1771.    4foac.foL 
Jaeq.  Fimd.    See  Jaeq,  Hort,  Vim, 
Jokm$tom*e  (Dr.)  Ftora  tf  Berwidt  mpom  Ttoeed. 

Flora  of  Benrldi  upon  Tweed.    By  G.  John- 

ston,D.D.  1899andT881.    9voU.8vo.    VoL  1. 

containing  the  Fhanogamous,  and  Vol.  if.  the 

CiyptogamoQS,  Plants. 
Jokmom^t  Gerard.    See  Ger.  Em. 
Jomrm,  de  Pkmiqme.    Paris,  1778,  and  continued. 

4to. 
Jmu.   Amm,  dm  Jfns.    iuaslea  in  Annales  du 

Mnste. 
Jmu,  Gem.   Antonie-Laurent  de  Jussieu,  Genera 

Plantanun.    Paris,  1780.    8vo. 
Jmee,  Gem.  ed.   Ueten,    Id.,  Ditto   ed.  Usterl. 

Tarid.1791.    8vo. 

Its.  Mhm,  Mat,    Jussieu  In  the  Mteolres  du 

Museum  d*Histolre  Natnrelle.    Paris. 


K. 


ifnuns.  EaoHete.  Bngelbert  Ksempfer, 
Amcsnitatum  Bxoticarum  PoUtioo-Pbysioo-Mo. 
dicamm  FasdcoU  quinque,  Ac.  Lemgow,  1719. 
4to. 

Kakm  Ameem,    See  Ametm.  Acad, 

Katmh.  Kalm  (P.),  Travels  into  North  Ame- 
rica. Tranabued  by  J.  Forster.  Load.  1770, 
1771.    »va 

Ker  Bot.  Beg.    See  Bot.  Bfg. 

Kew  to  Struetmrai,  PkgsMtiiealt  amd  Sgttemialie 
Botama.    See  Ltmdtq^s  Key. 

Knoop  Pomiol,  Job.  Rerm.  Knoop,  Pomdogia. 
Ed.  HoU.,  Leeuwarden,  1796  \  Ed.  Gall.,  Am- 
sterdam, 1771.    fol. 

JGnA's  Comam.  De  Saiidbos  Bnropseis  Com- 
BMotatlo.  Aoctore  G.  D.  J.  Koch.  Eriangen, 
1898.    19mo. 

Krodt.  FL  8iL  Ant.  Job.  Krocker,  Flora  Sile- 
siaca  renovata.  Vratlalavia,  1787—1790.  9  vols. 
8vo. 

Kroek.  SUea,    See  Krock.  Fl.  Sa, 

Ktk.  Koo,  a^.  Amer.    See  H.  B,  et  Kmmtk  Nov. 

Kmmik*8em,  Tereb.  Kunth,  Terebinthacearum 
Genera.  (Ann.  des  Sciences  Nat.  torn,  ii.) 

Kmmtk  Nov.  Gem  Am,  See  A  JS.  ««  Kumik  Uoo. 
Gen.,  4c, 


L. 

Lab,PL8mr,Dee,  8^Ldbaard.Ic,Plami.,%e, 

LeAHLPLaar.    See  ibid. 

Labmard,  le.  PUmi.Sgr,  Jac.  Jul.  LabOlardidre, 

Icones  Plantarum  Syria  rariorum.   Decades  v. 

Paris,  1791—1819.    5  vols.  4to. 
Lag.  Gem,  et  Spec.    Mar,  Lagasca,  Genera  et 

Species  Phmtarum  qua  aut  nova  aut  nondum 

recti  cognoscuntur.    Madriti,  1816.    4to. 
Lam.  Diet.    See  Lam,  Diet,  Encge. 
Lam,  Diet.  Emege.     Jean  Bapt.  Monet  de  la 

Muck,  EncydopMie  MHhodique  Botanlque. 

Parlsri788— 1796.    4  vols.  4to.   Vol.  V.  etseq. 
Laoi,  Fl.  Fr,    Id.    See  Fhre  Framfoiee 

m.    Id.,  lUostntions  des  Genres.    9  vols. 

of  text,  and  900  pis. 

BLGem^    iitmLam,BL 
LaaA.  Gem.  Pirn.  See  Laatberft  Momagrapk,  ^c. 
Laaib.Pim,^  ed.  9.    SeeiUd. 
Lamberfe  Momemrapk  qf  ike  Gemme  Phuu.    A 

Description  or  the  Genus  Plnus.    By  Aylroer 

Boorke  Lambert,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,Pres.  Linn.  Soc., 

Ac.    London,  1889.    9  vols.  8vo. 
Lamtk  Ae,   Lanth  (Th.),  Dissertado  de  Aoere. 

Strasburg,  1781.    4to. 
Lap.  Hiet,  dee  PL  dee  Pgrimiet,    See  La  Pegr, 

Abr. 


1130 


LIST   OF  BOOKS   BEFERRED   TO. 


luipevr.  Abr.    8«e  below. 
JjS  PeifT.  Ahr,    Philippe  Pleot  de  ta  Peyrouie, 
Hittoire  abrtete   dat  Flantat  dM  ]*yrto4eB. 

TOUIOOM,  161S.     ftTO. 

Lm  Peyrouu  9mpp.  ft,  Pjrrvit.  Id.,  Sopplement 
Co  the  above.    Toulouie. 

Ldmder't  Oibtm.  G11nlii*i  Forest  Scenery. 
Edited  by  Sir  Thoe.  Dick  Lauder.  Edinburgh, 
1834.    S  ToU.  8to. 

Lmwr,  Roi.  A  Collection  of  Rotes  from  Nature. 
By  Miss  Lawrence.    London*  1799.    fol. 

Law$.  Mam,    See  Jifie.  Mmmud, 

lM»nom*t  Mmmal.    See  ibid. 

Lasm.  Acmi.  Pei.    S^eLmMtm.  No9,  A^.  Pet 

LoMtm.  .Nine.  Act.  Pet.  Laxman  in  Nova  Aeta 
Acad.  FeCr.    See  Nam  Ada,  4v. 

L€  Bon  Jardmier,    See  Bom  Jard. 

Le  BoiamUte  CmlUvalemr.  See  BotamMg  <kM- 
9ateur, 

Led  PI.  Rote.  AU,  III,    See  Led.  loom.  %e. 

Led.  leom.  PI.  PI.  Rou.  C.  F.  Ledebour,  loones 
Flantarum  noranun  rel  Imperfocte  cognltarum, 
Floram  Rossicani,  Imprimis  Altaicam,  ttlus- 
trantes.    Rira,  Arc.,  1M9.    fol.  pi.  lOa 

Ledeb.  Imd.  Hort.  Dorp.  Suppl.  Ledebour,  Sup- 
plement to  the  Catalogue  of  Flants  In  I>orpet 
Garden  for  18M. 

Lem.  Mem.    See  Dee.  Leg.  Mem. 

Lakm.  Pot.  DIms.  J.  O.  C.  Lehman,  Ifono- 
graphia  Generis  Fotentillarum.  LIpsUe,  1820. 
4to. 

Lenmriere*t  Clan,  DM.  Leinpi tele's  Classical 
Dictionary.    London,  1799.    8to. 

Leenng^t  Stmo/uis  Oemermm  Compotitanum.  Be- 
roUm,  \faiL    8to. 

VHir.  SUrp.  Nov.    See  VHfrft,  Stlrp.  NO0. 

L*HiHt.  Com.  C.  L.  L'H^ritler,  Cbnius  sen 
Specimen  Botanlcum,  fro.    Paris,  1788.    fol. 

VHiHt.  Hort,  Par.  L'UMtlerln  Hortos  Pari- 
stensls. 

VH6rH.  Sert.  Id.,  Sertum  Angltcum  sea  Flan- 
ts»  rariores,  fte.  Paris,  1788.  fol. 

L*H(Ht.  Slirp,  NO0.  Id.,  Stirpes  nov«  ant  mi- 
nus cognitsB.   Paris,  1784,  178^.    6  fasc.  fol. 

Limklf.  Soot.  Flora  Scottca;  or,  a  Systematic 
Arrangement,  in  the  Linnstan  Method,  of  the 
natire  PlanU  of  Scotland  and  the  Hebrides. 
By  John  Llghtfoot.  London,  177?,  8  role.  8vo; 
9d  ed.  1789. 

lAm^  Ameem.    See  Lim.  Ametm.  Acad. 

Lin,  Ameem.  Acad,  Carolus  Linnsms  s.  Von 
Linnfi,  Amcenitates  academic*,  sen  Diss,  an- 
tehac  seorsim  editsB.  Holmise  et  Lipslse,  1749 
et  seq.,  IOtoIs.  8to:  ed.  2.,  Holmise.  1769  et 
seq. ;  ed.  S.,  cur.  J.  C.  D.  Schrebero,  Erlangse, 
1787—1790. 

LHm.  Diss.  Linnsd  Dlssertatlo  Academica  de 
Erica.    Upsalise,  1770.  4to. 

Lin.JU.  Stm.  Carolus  Linncus  fillus,  Sapple- 
mentumTlantarum.  Brunsrig*,  1781.    8to. 

Lin.  PI.  Lapp,  Carolus  Linnwus,  s.  Von  Ltnn6, 
Flora  Lapponloa.  Amstelodami,  17S7,  8to; 
ed.  9.,  cur.  J.  B.  Smith,  Eq^  Londinl,  1799. 

LIm.  Pi,  Suec.    See  Flora  Srnedea, 

Lim.  Gem,  Carolus  Linnseus,  Genera  Flantarum. 
Leida;.  17S7  ;  ed.  8.,  Lddse,  1749 ,  ed.  9., 
Leidse.  ]7S8t  ed.  4.,  Holml*.  I7M  ;  ed.  ft., 
Holmise,  1764 ;  ed.  6.,  Vlenn*.  1767  {  ed.  7., 
cur.  J.  J.  Reichard.  Francof.  Msm.  1778; 
each  1  Tol.  8to  i  ed.  8.,  cur.  J.  C  D.  Schreber, 
Franoof.  Men.  1789—1791,  9  toIs.  8to. 

Lim.  Oem.  PL  ed,Sckreber.  See  Lim.Oem.,  ed.  8. 

Lim.  Hort.  CM:  Carolus  Linnseus,  Hortus  Clif- 
fortianus.  Amstelodami,  I7S7.    foL 

Lte.  Hort.  Ups.  Id.  Hortus  Upsallensis.  Stock- 
holm, 1748.    Sto. 

JJm.  Mamt.  Id.,  Mantissa  Flantarum  altera. 
Holm.  1771.    8ro. 

LM,  Mat.  Med.  Id.,  Materia  Medlca.  Holmise, 
1749.    Ed.  Schreber,  1779. 

Um.  Sp.    See  Urn,  8p.  Plan. 

Lim  Sp.  Plan,  Carolus  Linnseus,  Species  Flan- 
tarum, Ed.  1.,  Holmise,  1753,  2  rols.  8to;  ed. 
9.,  Holmia,  I7G2,  1763.  2  vols.  8to  ;  ed.  3., 
Vlndobonse,  1764 ;  ed.  4.,  br  J.  J.  Reichaid, 
FrancoC  Msen.  1779»  1780^  4  toIs.  8to  ;  ed.  6., 


by  C.  L.  WUldenow,  Bcrolliil,  mf7--t81€^  » 

Tols.  8to. 
Lim.  SmppL    See  Lim.Jtt.  aamp. 
Lim.  Satt    See  Um,  S^U.  NaT 
Lim.  ^.  Nat    Llnnseiu  ( Cari.).  SyMaoM  Km- 

turse.    Lugd.  Bat.  1735.    folio. 
Lim.  Sfftt.  Veg.    J.  A.  Momy,  C.  Linasri  8n- 

tema  VagetabOiu—.  GottlnM  et  Gothss^  1744 1 

Gottinga,   1784;  Parlsil0796. 
Lim.  Trame.    Transactions  of  the 

ciety  of  London.    London,  1791, 

nued.    17  rob.  4lo. 
LimdL  Hort,  Trame.    Dr.  Lindley  la  the  Hortt- 

cnltural    Sodety*!   Tn  '  -       - 

Tnme, 
Limdl.  Imind,  to   N.  8. 


dmcHom  to  the  Natm/rat  Smiem, 
LimdL  Um,  Trame.  Dr.  Lindlei 


ley  In  the 
Society's  Transactions.    SeeX^te. 

Limdl.  MSS.    Dr.  LIndley's  MSS. 

LimdL  Nat.  Spst.  of  BcL    See  ~ 
dmetUm  to  the  Natmral  S^tem. 

Limdl.  Bot,  Mom.    Dr.  Lmdiey,  Rosanna  Mc 
graphla.    London,  1820.  8ra 

Umdl.  S^mopt.    Id.,  A  Sjrnopsb  of  Om- 
Flora,  Ac.    London,  1829 ;  ed.  2.,  ISK^  amall 
8ro. 

Limdlep^s  TmirodmeHom  to  ike  Naimrat  Smeiem, 
Id.,  An  Introduction  to  the  Natural  SnSeaa  of 
Botany.    London,  1890  ;  ed.  9.  1835.  8va. 

Limdle^'s  Keg.  Id.,  A  Key  to  Struetoral.  Pliy. 
siolqgical,  and  Systematle  Botany,  for  the  nen 
of  Classes.  By  Dr.  Lfaidley,  F.R.S.,  Ar. 
London,  1835.    8to. 

Umk  Emmm,  H.  F.  Lhik,  Bnumeratlo  Ftentannn 
Hortl  RegllBotanid  BeroUnensis  alien.  Berai. 
1821.  1822.    2yoU.8ro. 

Umk  et  Otto  AhbUd,  See  AhbOd.  der  Demttekem 
HoUortem. 

Umk  BerL  Abkamd,    See  Ahkamd.  Acad.  Bert 

Umk  Jakrb.  H.  F.  Lbik,  JahrWkher  der  G»> 
wachskunde.    BerUn,  1890.    8n>. 

Um$uta.  F.  L  Von  Schlechtendahl,  Ltauuen : 
ein  Journal  fUr  die  Botanik  In  ihron  ganaea 
Um&mge.  Berlin  and  Halle,  1836—1842.  14 
Tols.  8to.    Continned. 

Ummeam  Correspomdemce,  A  Sdectloa  of  the 
Correspondence  of  Linnseus  and  other  Natu- 
ralists from  the  Original  Maaoscriutsi  By  Sir 
J.  B.  Smith.    London,  1821.    2Tois.8ro. 

UtI.  Dee.  Prod.  Information  commnnlcsied  by 
letter  to  DeCandolle's  Frodromut. 

Lot.  Trot.  Arek.    See  Trot.  Arek. 

UteroTM  Pamormma.  A  weekly  periodicaL  Lon- 
don, 1815. 

Lob.  Ada.    9tt  VObefi  Adoertaria. 

Lob.  Icom.  Mathias  De  Lobel  scu  Lobelias,  Stir- 
plum  Icones.    Ant▼erpis^  1B9I.    4to. 

L^ObeTe  Adoerearia.  Id.,  Stirpium  Adrersaria 
nora,  ftc.    London,  1605.    fol. 

Lodd.  Bot.  Cab.  The  Botanical  Cabinet  By 
Conrad  Loddiges  and  Sons.  London,  1917— > 
1834.  90  Tols.  I2mo  and  4to. 

Lodd.  Oat.  A  Catalogue  of  Flants,  iec,  in  the 
Hacknqr  Establlshment.  By  Messra.  Loddi- 
ges.   Published  annually.    l2mo. 

La;fl,  Iter.    Lcefling.  Iter  Hispanlcnm. 

Loet,  Prmu.  Job.  LoceeUos,  Flora^  Pnuslea. 
Regiomontl,  1703.  4to. 

Lot*.  PI.  Gall.  Lolselenr  Deslongchamps,  Ffcnm 
Galllca.  Parislis,  1906,  1807.  2  Tob.  lino. 

Lota.  Herb.  AwuU.  Id.,  in  Hert>ier  de  I'Amatev, 
a  French  periodical. 

Loi».  Not.  Id.,  Notice  sur  les  FUntes  k  i^iouler 
i  la  Flore  de  France.   Paris,  1810.  8vo. 

Loi$.  Noma.  Diet.  Loisdenr  des  Longdiam|w  (J. 
L.  A.  M.),  NouTeau  Dictiannaire  d'Hlatoifw 
Naturelle.   1816,  continued.    36toIs. 

Lomdom't  H.  B.  See  Hort.  Brit. 

Loot.  Cock,  Joannes  De  LfOureiro^  Flora  C«>- 
chlnchinensis.  Uh[ssipone,  1790.  2  rols.  4to  ; 
ed.  2.,  cur.  C,  L.  Willdenow,  Berollni,  179t, 
2  Tols.  8Ta 

Lowtk*t  Trmu.  New  Translation  of  Isaiah,  ftc. 
By  the  Rev.  R.  Lowth.    London,  1791. 

l4fom  Herb.    Lyon's  Herbarium. 


LIST   or  BOOKS    REFERRED   TO. 


1131 


tiaekof  n.  Hibem*    See  Hookahs  IrWk  ^lora, 

Maekay*»  Flora  HAermtcm,    See  Ibid 

Umckaif*»  Iritk  Florm.  Flora  Hiberoica ;  com- 
prUing  the  Flowering  Plants,  Femt,  Cbara- 
cea,  Mntd,  HepaticB,  Llcbenet,  aod  Alg» 
of  Ireland,  &e.  Bj  J.  T.  liackay,  M.R.I.  A., 
ftc    Dablin,  1886.    6to. 

Maekay*i  U$t  qf  IriMk  PkmU.  A  Catalogoe  of 
the  riant*  found  in  Ireland,  with  Deeeriptiona 
of  some  of  rarer  aorta.    Id.  DobUn,  1826.  4to. 

Magn.  Bat.    See  Magnol  Boi. 

Magn.  Momtp.  Id.,  Hortna  Begiua  MoDapeli- 
eoaia.    Monapelil,  1607.    8to. 

Magnol  Boi,  Petrua  Magnol,  Botanicon  Mone- 
nellenae.    Monapelil,  1686.    13mo. 

Mant.    See  Uh.  Mami, 

Mamock'a  PL  Mag.  lfamock*a  (B.)  Florieul- 
toral  Magastne  and  Hiacellan/ of  Gardening. 
Lond.  1836.    In  montblj  Noe.  Bro. 

Mank.  Arbtut.    See  Mar  A.  Arb.  Amer. 

Marth.  Arb.  Amer,  Humphry  MarahaU,  Ar- 
boatum  Amerlcanom :  the  American  Grove, 
ftc.    Philadelph.  1785    8to. 

Marsh,  Piamt.    See  Marthaii^  Jkc. 

Marshall  am  Pkmtmg  and  Rmral  Omameni, 
Planting  and  Rural  Ornament,  Ac.  Lond. 
178.%  1  ToL  8n>;  ed.  2.,  Lond.  1796,  8  rola.  8to. 
Mr.  MarahalPa  name  la  not  put  to  either  ed. 

Mart.  Ft.  RuH,  Flora  Ruatlca.  Bt  Thomas 
BCartya     Lond.  179^—1794.  4  vola.  Iro. 

Mart.  MUl.    See  Martvn^s  MiOer'a  DteUomarv, 

Martyn^MMiU.    See  ibid. 

Mart^m't  MiOer^a  DietHmarg.  Gardener*a  Dic- 
tionary ;  or,  a  complete  Syatem  of  Horticul- 
ture. By  Philip  Miller,  F.R  S.  Lond.  1709, 
3  Tola.  fol. ;  improved  edition,  edited  by  Pro- 
fieaaor  Martyn,  Lond.  1807,  4  vola.  fol. 

Matth.  Comtm,    See  Matth.  Hut. 

Matth.  Hitt,  Matthioli  (P.  A.),  Commentaria  in 
DioacorldemdeMateriAMedic&.  Venice.  1M6. 
fol. 

Matth,  Valgr.  Matthioli  Opera  qus  extant  om- 
nia, edidit  C.  Baohln.    France,  1096.    fol. 

MatmtFt  Botamie  Oardm.  The  Botanic  Garden ; 
or,  Magasine  of  Hardy  Flowering  Plant*  cul- 
tivated in  Great  Britain,  ^y  B.  Maund,  Eaq., 
F.L.S.    Begun  In  1884,  and  continued  monthly. 

MauntT*  Botanist,  The  Botanist,  a  Monthly 
Periodical  conducted  by  B.  Maund,  F.L.S.,  Ac. 

Med.  Geseh.  Medicua  (F.),  Geaebichte  der  Bo- 
tanik  unterer  Zeiten.    Munich,  1793.   8to. 

Medical  Botanif,  See  Stephenson  and  CkurchUCs 
Medical  Botanw. 

Meerb.  Icon.  Klcol.  Meerbarg,  Plantarum  ae- 
lectarum  Iconea  nlctae.    Lugo.  Bat.  1798.  fol. 

Mfm.  de  la  Russie  Mtridionale.    By  Deacemet 

Mhn,  Mus.  M^moirea  du  Mua^om  d*UlsCoire 
Naturelle.    Paria,  181A,  1816.   4to. 

Mhn.  Soc,  Imp.  Mosq.  See  Mhn.  Soe,  Imp.  Vat. 
Mose. 

Mhn,  Soe,  Imp.  Nat.  Mose.  M^molres  de  la  8o- 
ci£t4  Irop^rude  des  Naturaliatea  de  Moacon. 
Moacow,  flrom  178&   4to. 

M6m.  Soe.  Phys,  Oen.  M^moire  de  la  Soci^t^ 
Phyalque  de  GendTe. 

Mem.  wem,  Soc,  Memoira  of  the  Wemerian 
Natural  Hiatory  Society.  Edinburgh,  181 1 ,  and 
continued.   8to. 

MhnoHre  sur  les  Chhaes,  Louis  Boac,  Mtooirea 
aur  lea  difffarentes  Eapdoes  de  Chinea  qui 
croiaaent  en  France.    Paria,  1808.    4to. 

Mhnoires  smr  les  Con^fires.  Bttmoirea  aur  les 
Coniftrea  et  lea  C^cadfea :  ouvrage  posthume 
de  L.  C.  Richard,  termini  eC  publle  pur  AcblUe 
Richard,  flla.    Stuttgard  et  Paria,  1886.   8vo. 

Mer,  Fl.  Par,  F.  V.  Mirat  NouTelle  Flora  dea 
EnTirona  de  Paria.    Paria,  1818.   8vo. 

Mey.  Fen.  Pfiamt.  Came,  Meyer  (C.  A.),  Ver- 
seichnlsa  der  Pflanzen  wtf che  wiihrend  der,  Ac. 
Petersburg,  1831.  8to. 

Mich.  Arb.   See  Michatu^s  ArbresJbrestierSt  ^e, 

Mich.  Fl,  Bar.  Amer,  Andt6  Micbaux,  Flora 
Boreali- Americana.  Parislla,  1808.   Svols.  8to. 

Mich,  Gen,  P.  A.  Micheli,  Nova  Plantarum  Ge- 
nera.   Florentise,  1789.   fol. 


Miehitna'tArbretderAmMpte,  SeelTMoKr'a 

Arbres  Foiregtieres^^. 
Miehawt's   Arbres   Forettikres  de  PAmSrioae, 
Andri  Fran^.  Bfichaux  fils,  Histoiredes  Arbres 
Forestidrea    de    I'Amerique   Soitentrionale 
Paria,  1810—1813.   3  vols.  4to. 
AftcAr.  JU.  Arb.  Amer.    See  Michasu's  Arbres 

FbrestiereSt  4-c. 
Michanx's  Histoire  des  Chines  Amfriqmes.  Andr6 
Mlchaox,  Hiatoire  dea  Chtoea  de  TAm^ique 
Septentrionale.    Paris,  1801,  foL ;  «d.  Germ,  i 
Kerne,  1808. 
Miehjt.JU,  N.  Amer,  Sal.    Andr£  Fran^ola  Mt- 
chaua,   North-American   Sylra;    or,   a   De- 
acription  of  the  Forest  Trees  of  the  United 
States,  Canada,  and  Nova  Scotia.    Translated 
from  the  French  by  A.  In  UiUhouse.    Paris. 
1819.   8  Tola  8to. 
Miehx,  Mhn,  snr  le  ZeUcoma.  A.Fran^.  MIcfaaux. 

M6moire  aur  le  Zelkoua.    Paris,  1831. 
Michg.  Qmer.   See  Miehaug*s  Histoire  des  Chines, 
Mill.  Diet     Miller's  Dictionary,  ed.  7. 
Mm.  Ic.    Figures  of  the  Planu  described  In  the 
Gard.Dict.    By  Philip  MUier.    Luudun,17tiO. 
8  Tola.  fol. 
MilL  JUmsL  Johan.  Miller,  Ilioatratlo  Systemads 

SexuaUs  Unnai.  Londini,  1777.  fol. 
Miller's  DicHonairjf,  The  Gardener's  Dictionary. 
Bt  Philip  Miller.  London,  1731 ;  ed.  8.,  1733 : 
ed.  8.,  1737 ;  ed  4.,  1741 ;  ed.  6.,  1747 ;  ed.  6., 
1758  i  ed.  7.,  1709 ;  ed.  8.,  1768 ;  ed.  9.,  see  Marl 
tpn's  Miller, 
Mith.  Act.  Aead,  Nat,  Cm,    See  Noo.  Act.  Nat. 

Cnr 
Moc.  et  Sesse  FL  Meg.  Ic.  ined.    See  Fl.  Mea, 

lean,  ined, 
Moe.  PL  Nntk,     Mocino  (JoaeO>  Drawinga  of 
Planta  collected  by  him  at  Nootka  Sound.  Not 
publiahed. 
ifcmch  Meth.  Conrad  Mcench,  Methodua  Plantas 
Horti  et  Agri  Marburgensla  deacribendi.    Mar- 
burgi,  1794.   8to. 
Meeneh   SuppL     Id.,  Supplementum    ad   Me- 

thodum,  &c.    Marburgi,  1808.   8to. 
Mioench  Weiss.    See  Maench  Weissenst, 
Mcench    Weissenst.     Id.,  Verieichnias   auslan- 
diacher  Baume  des  Luatachloaaea  Weiaaensteln. 
Francf.  1785.   8to. 
Monog.  Ros.   Pronerllle  (A.  De),  Nomenclature 
ralsonnte  dea  Eapdeea,  Vari£t6s,  et  Sous-Ta- 
ri^ttedu  Genre  Rosier.  Paris,  1818.   ItoI.Sto. 
Month.  Reg.    See  Bot.  Reg. 
Mor.  Hist,    Joan.  Bapi.  Horandi,  Historla  Bo- 

tanica  practlca.    Mediolani,  1744.   foL 
Mor.  Pnelud.    Robert  Morison,  Praaludla  Bo- 

tanica,  para  1.    Londini,  1669.  8to. 
Afor.  Umb.  Morison  (R.),  Plantarum  Umbelli. 
feranun  Distributio  noTs.    Oxonll,  1678.   fol. 
Moris.  Hist.    Robert  Morison,  Plantarum  Hla- 
toria  unlTersalis  Oxonlensis.     Oxonii,  1680. 
8to1s.  folio. 
Moris,  Stirp.  Sard,    See  Blench.  Sard. 
Morris  Fl.  Conn.    Richard  Morris,  Flora  Con- 

spicua.    London,  1886.   8to. 
MUhL  Cat.    See  Muhlenberg's  Catalogue,  Ac. 
MUhL  Nov.  Act.  Send.  Berot.     Miibienberg  in 

Not.  Act.,  Ac.    See  Act.  Nat,  Sena,,  Ac. 
MUklenb,  Nov,  Act,  Soc,  Not.  Semt.  Berol.    See 

Mtihl.  Nov.,  %c. 
Muhlenberg's   Catalogue    of   North  American 
Plants,    Henr.  Mifhlenberg,  Catalogus  Plan- 
tarum  AmerioB   Septentriooalia.    Lancaster. 
1813.  8to. 
MUnch.  Hans.    See  MJKmcA.  Hausv. 
MUnch,  Hamsv.    Baron  Otto  Von  MUnchauaen, 
Monatliche  BeachafUgungen  fur  einen  Baum- 
und  Pflansen-girtner,  ala  eine  Zugabe  turn  5ten 
Th.  dea  HausTater.    HanoTer,  1771.   8to. 
Murr,  Nov.  Comm,  QStt.    J.  A.  Murray  in  NotI 
Commentarii    Societatia    Reglat    Sdentiarum 
Oi>ttinffenaia.   1761  to  the  preaent  Time.  4to. 
M*,  FL  Bar,  Amer,    See  Mich,  FL  Bor,  Amer, 

N. 

N,  Amer.  Sul.    See  Miehe,  iS. 

N.  Duh,    See  Du  Bam.  Afb,  Noun, 

N.D.Ham,   See  ibid. 


LIST   OF    BOOKS    REFERRED   TO; 


OtH.  n.  Ft  Oermt. 
IcdoRhu  m  DeKTlixhMlbui 


btcL  H.D.    BoDDIt.  H 


lUtmi  In  Rugnli  DidIh  *I  Nwriflil,  As. 
(niK.  U6l— im,  TD41.  I.  ),  nil  (,  AKUn 
C.<Ed.r.,Ti>li.4i«]A.,Auct.0.P.HUUn'. 
l—int;    •oil.  «  ind  ^„  Awl.  M.  Vahl, 


Mn.   BnM,  Ukd  FanlL      Bf  O.  A.  OUrtn-. 
Land.  Itnl.   9toIi.  uid  itlu,   «a. 

on.  Srcsd,     t^  OoBKi  Di  Olte|>,  Konrm 

Ctnlurlc.  XMOia,  im_l»t.  RTl>lE.ua.  Tit 

Olia  fl^pom,   ODm  Hllpuk*.  Bj  Fblllli  Bwfca- 

OttS-Mn.  Oild'i XNiiniof|4»H>.  LoiidiJci.im. 

f  oB.  rfifr.    FMcr  Simon  Pillu,  Spectw  A»tni. 

JFrnll-'ntr/llau.    S—  FnOai'i  Flora Banie*. 

Fallai'j  rion  Roaica.  FsUr  Siniin  PalJu.  Flon 

BculH.     PMiDpoll.  DMst  1788.    tToli.M. 

Pun.  ItiK.   Id.    Gall,      VoTMBM  dui  I'EmpIn 

Ruua.    Parti,  1793.  8  rnli.  Sia,  bisc  Ulu  Itc. 

PmU.  /Mi.  oI.  OoU.  Appaid.    S«  ^oiU.  iah.  irf. 

Paa.  Norn.  Act.  PrI.     Pillu  [D  Nora  AcU  Au- 

pMropoll,  lias— I8ir.    Ito. 
Pall.  Kurd.  Bq/tr.    Id,.  N«u  nardlKba  Bsltnca 
■ur  phitlkalbcheii,  Ac-    Ftunb.  md  L«lpf. 

Fan.  Vbw,    Bh  Pad.  Ilia.  OaO. 

Parmf.  Loml.    PindllUt  Londlnmli.     Bj  R.  A. 


T.    Bt  K.  Taflcir  nod  B.  FUOIp^ 

naT^yilH.  ini*  nUiwiiiUal  Tmimrtlwi 
ol  Out  Bojnl  SotM;  at  LoDdoa.  CnBBgnaMd 
bl|W  and  nsllinHil  to  Uw  fJ—WIt  T^ma. 

P*t.trat.  FlBMsiuWcilxiniain.  BrthelXika 
of  BHMnl.   I  ml.  iBpntel  »nt.  ]$».    Nat 

pfaar.  Htrt.  Of.    Sm  Die  PL  Jtv.  J^A 

flnM  Sart.  Fluiu  H>n«tlaa  taipitate 
MnkuiLkc.    BiG,  BiBtlwm.  Wa. 

Flaml.  Al.  Ar.    Bh  WaU.  PL  Aalat.  Mm-. 

PUhU.  Kal.  Fluur'i  Kdmhr.  Bj  W.  KkoL 
Bdlud  ind  completed  tv  Ed*.  Sue.  Bdls. 
IMD,     Ed.*..9«!.  ^ 

PI^.HM.Kal.  PUnll  Hlitorta  KuonUi.  lUr. 


PMy  Nat.  BtH.    Sh  PMi.  JTM.  I^at. 
flmf.  Aim.    Sh  Hh^  Alat.  PJm. 
Flak.   Ahi.  Fkfl.    L^ooud    rtnkflHtt. 
jprtuB  Boualcum  •In  PhTtobwl*  O 


Sttrpliim    uTuitik 

Pfc— -C^    FtnmWf  (C),  C»m<ni»PlMB»rMW 

FIubIw  (C),  Non  nmama 
in  Oancn.   AihOa,  int.  4ta. 


..  FbTtD«n|>lila  (h 
:.     LoDllnl.   19 


rlx.    BfK. 


•o<r.£wv.  JMU.     Sn  n^M  2iue.  Ifti*. 
Wr.  £>i»>il.  Si^it.     itPaiMiittc.^rrl. 
•air.  Safrl.    S«  [Ud.  — "— 

•otr^  Sacac.  Mrlk.    I.   L.  M.   Point,   Bon. 
elopMltNKhgdla»,  oa  D'    '  -    - 


Palm  Mmitt.  Sarrl.    : 


LIST  OF  BOOKS   RErSBRED  TO. 


1183 


Ihodlqiie  Suppllmeot  an  DktloDnaire  de  Bo- 

tanlque.    P«rl8, 1810— 1S16.  4  toIs.  4to. 
PoiT.  Vdw.    Polret  (J.  L.  M.)>  Vojnce  «n  Bar- 

barie.   rarU,  1780.   8  toU.  8to. 
Potfl.  Arh,  Ft.    See  PcU.  ei  Tun,  Arb.  Fimit, 
Pott,  et  Tmrp.  Arb.  Fruit.    PoiCeau  et  Turpin, 

Traits  dee  Arbne  ftuitien  de  Da   HameL 

NouTeUe  Mltkm.    FarU,  1808  et  Mq.   » Ikac. 

fol. 
PoU.  FL  Far.    Ctro  PoUlol,  HortI  eC  PtotIiicUk 

VeronentU  PlanUB  nova  Tel  oiiniu  oogntta. 

Pavla,  1816. 
Pom.  Mag.    The  Pomologlcal  IfagaiiM.  Loud. 

I8S8.  8  Tok.  8to. 
Pornted.  Comtp.    Jul.  Foatedera,  CoaipeiidliiBi 

Tabularum  Botanlcanim.    PataTit,  ]7i9.  4to. 
PmtUu^t  Prqf.  Planter.    The  Profltable  Planter, 

Ac.    Bj  WiUiam  Footey.    Huddenfleld,  1800. 

8to. 
Pomr.  Act.  Toml.    Fourrett  in  AcHa  Aeadambi 

Tolotanla. 
Pract.  Treat,  om  PlaaUng.    Havw. 
Preel   ROiq,  Hook.     FTCtl,    uaUqute  Hjnu 


Prod.  See  Dee.  Prod. 
Prodromue.  See  iUd. 
Prodromut  Flone  NepaleuMte.    D.  Don,  Pro- 

dromus  Flone    KepaleniU.     London,   1888. 

ISmo. 
Puerari  MSB.     ProictMr  Fnerarl,  In  Manii- 

■cripC 
Pur$k  SepL    See  Pmrtk  FL  Bar.  Amter, 
PuTMk  Ft.  Am.  Sep.    See  ibid. 
Purah  FL  Bar.   Aimer.     Fred.   Fnnh,   Flora 

Boraalia  Anerieana.    london,  1814.  S  toU. 

8to. 

B. 

R,  et  P.  FL  Per.  et  CkO,  Suat.    H.  Riila  et 

Jot.  Paron,  STStema  Veaetamlium  Flora  Fe- 

ruTlaiue  et  Cmlenili.    llatrlti,  1798.  8to. 
B.  et  P.  Fl.  Per.  Suet.    899  B.  et  P.  FL  Per.  et 

OM.  Sfet. 
Bqffm.  Jomrm.  Pkge.    Raflneeque  In  Jonmal  de 

Physique.   Pani,  1778,  and  eontlnued.  4to. 
Bqfim,  Med.  Bep.    See  Rqf.  Med.  FUtr. 
Bafin.  Pric,  Die.  Som.    Raflnefooe-Sehmalts, 

Prfcis  de»  Dieourertee  Somiologiquee  ou  Zoo- 

loglquee  et  Botanlquee.    Palerme,  1814.  ISmo. 
BaMm.  Speech.    Rafineiqaa-Schmalts,    Speochio 

delle   Sclenie,  o  Giomale    enddopeoico  dl 

Sldlia.  1814. 
Baa  &m.    Bar's  8 jnopela  Plantanna. 
Bam.  Emum.    Ambr.  Bau,  BnumeraHo  Boeanim 

drca  Wiroebargum  sponte  eretoentlum.    No- 

rlnberaa,  1816L  8to. 
Bmtw.  ikm.    Banwolfs  Journey  thnmah  S/rla, 

MeeopoCamia,Paleftine,  and  Egypt.  Translated 

from  the  Ens^h  by  Staphent.    1698.  8to. 
ilay'«  General  Hietorp  qf  PUmts.    See  Bap'e 

Hiatoria  Pkmtarmn. 
Bap's  HietoHa  Pkmtamm.    Joh.  Bay,  Hlstorla 

Flantanim.    Londinl,  1686  et  1688.  S  vols.  Ibl. 

VoL  8.,  sen  Soppleroentuni,  1704. 
Bed.  Bot.    See  Jletf.  et  THor.  Boe. 
Bed.  et  Tkor.  Boe.    P.  J.  Bedout^  Lee  Roses. 

Fl.  160.  color.:  aree  le  texte,  par  CI.  Ant. 

ThoiT.    Paris,  1817—1824.  8  vols.  fol. 
Bee9*a  Qpel.    See  Bees's  Cpdopiedla. 
Beee't  ^Oop.  Addenda.    See  ibid. 
Bee»*»  (StetopOMiia.    London,  1619.  89  vols.  4to. 
Bot.  Icon.    De  Regnanlt,  La  BotanSque 

mise  A  la  Portte  de  tout  le  Monde.    Paris, 

1774.  foL 
Betek.  Mag.    Reldienbech  (G.  C),  Ifagasln  des 

Pflansenreichs.  1798, 1794.  4to. 
BenauU  Fl.  de  fOme.    P.  A.  Renault,  Flore  du 

D^partement  de  I'Onie.    Alencon.  1804.  8vo. 
BeneiUm  Sp,    Spedmen  Uistorue  Fiantarum. 

Paris.  1611.  4to. 
Bet».  Ohe.    See  Betx.  Obi.  Bot, 
Beth  Ob§.  Bot.    A.  J.  Retains,  Obserratlones 

Botanies.    London,  1774.  6  fksc.  4to.    Ed.  8. 

Llpsi«,  1779—1791.  6  vols.  4ta 
Bepn.  Art.  Lam.    See  Beun.  Mfm.  Lame. 
Bepn.  Mhn.    See  iUd. 


Bii 


Beiin.  Mm.  Lam.    Beynler  In  Mtai.  de  la  Soc. 

one  Lausanne. 
Biekard  Act.  PaH*.  See  Act.  Soc  Hist,  Nat.  Par. 
Bhk.  DiMe.    G.  G.  RIditer,  Diss,  de  Muscorum 

Notis,&c.    Gfittinn,  1747.   4to. 
BidL  Mim.  Omif.    See  Mtmotree  eur  U$  Coni- 

firee  et  lee  Cpcadiee. 
Biekard  Mtm.  eur  le*  Conffiree.    See  Ibid. 
Bio.  Man.  Irr.    Aug.   Quirinus  RItIdus,  Ordo 

Fiantarum  Flore  irregulari  Mooopetalo.    Lip- 

sl«,  1699.  foL  r  r- 

B.  MaL    Henrlcus  Van  Rheede,  Hortus  Indicus 

Malabaricus.    1678—1708.  IS  toIs.  foL 
iloTM.  Arek.    Joh.  Jac.  Rcemer,  Ardiiy  fllr  die 

Botanik.    Ldpslg,  1796-1806.  8  vols.  4to. 
JlorM.  et  Sekutt,  Spet.  Veg.    Id.  et  Schultes,  Ed. 

nor.  Systematis  VegeuMlium  LlnncL  Turid, 

181ft.  8fo. 
Boee  Jmaiemr*e  Guide.    The  Bose  Amatear*s 

Oulda    By  T.  Birers,  Jun.     London,   1837. 

8ra 
Boeier  Jomm.  Pkpt.    See  Joum.  dee  Phps^uee. 
Boeeig.  Boe,     Rossignol   (K.  G.),    Les   Roses 

desiin^es  et  enlummftes  d'apris  Nature,  avec 

nne  Descriptioo  botaalque.   Traduit  de  I'AUe- 

mand  par  M.  De  Lafitte.    Lelps.  4to. 
Both  Cat.    Alb.  With.  Roth.  Catalecta  Botanlca. 

Upsic,  1797—1806.  8  rols.  8ro. 
Both  FL  Germ.    See  Bath's  Flora  Germemiea. 
Both  Germ,    See  il>id. 
Both*s  Flora  Gennaniea.   Alb.  Wllh.  Both,  Ten. 

tamen  Florsi  Germanicas.    Lipsi*,  1788—1801. 

8  rols.  8ro. 
Boe.  MSS.    Boxburgfa  in  Manuscript. 
Bom.  fl  Ind.    See  Boeb.  PI.  Ind.  ined. 
Bom.  Hort  Beng.    W.  Roxburgh,  Hortus  Ben- 

galensis ;  or,  a  Catalogue,  Ac    Calcutta,  1814. 

5ro. 
Boeb.  FL  Ind.  ined.    Flora  Indica.    By  W.  Box* 

bur^.    Serampore,  1890—1824.   8  rols.  6ro. 
Bop.  Lugdb.    Aorlanus  Van  Royen,  Flora  Ley- 

densis   Frodromus.   exhibens    Pumtas   Horti 

liUgdnno-Batarl.  Lugd.  Bat.  1740.  8ra  Auctor 

dldtur  C.  Linnsras. 
Bople  lUmtr.  BoL  HinuUapa.    Illustrations  of 

the  Botany  and  other  Branches  of  the  Natural 

History  of^  tlie  Himalayan  Mountains,  and  of 

the  Ffora  of  Cashmere.    London,  1888—1838. 

4to. 
JZ«M  Qermemid.    A.  Wdhe  et  C.  G.  Nees  ab 

EsenlM^  Bubl  Germanic!.    Bonn,  1888.    fol.. 

pLftS. 
Bmi%  et  Pmo.  FL  Per.    See  B  etP.  Fl.  Per, 
Bmi%  et  Poo,  Spat,    See  B.  et  P.  FL  Per,  et  Cha, 

Spsi. 
Bwunph,  Amo.    See  ammm.  Ambopn. 
Bmnph.  Amhopn.   Geo.  Ererh.  Rumphius,  Her- 
barium Amboinense.    AmstdodamI,  1750.    6 

rols.  fol.    Auctarlum,  17B6. 


8. 

Sal  Fktr.  Land.    Salisbury's  Flora  Londinensis. 

Sal.  Hort,  AUert.    See  Sal.  Prod. 

SaL  Par.    See  Parad.  Land. 

Sal.  Par.  Land.    See  ibid. 

Sal.  Prod.  R.  A.  Salisbuir,  Prodromus  Stirpinm 

in  Horto  ad  Chapd  AUerton.    Loodinl,  1796. 

8ro. 
Sal.  Wob.  Salictum  Wobumense.  By  His  Grace 

the  Duke  of  Bedford.    Boyal  8ro. 
Saiieb.  Prod.    See  SaL  Prod. 
SaUsburp'e  MSS,     R.  A.  Salisbury.  In  Blanu- 

script. 
Samtiyiaat'  <3«o.  Santl.  Vlagg)  al  Mont  Amiata, 

Pisa,  1796, 8ro ;  eper  la  Toscana,  Vols.  II.  and 

III.,  1796  and  1806. 
Sao.  Alb.  Toec    Gaetano  Sari,  Trattato  dMli 

Albert  della  Toscana.    Firenie,  1801,  8  rols. 

8ro:  ed.9.  1811. 
Sa^  Fl,  Pis.    Sari  (C),  Flora  Pisana.    Pisis, 

1798.    8  roll.  8ro. 
Sehiede  et  Deppe  MSS. 
Sehkuhr  H.  Christ.  Schkuhr,  Botanlsches  Hand- 

buch.    Wittenberg,  1791—1803.    3  rols.  8ro. 
Sehkuhr  Uandb,    SaeSchkukrH. 


1134 


LIST   OF  BOORS    RCrERRED   TO.' 


SdUedU.  Lkmtem.     A.  Seblcctendal  IIHut,  Lto- 

nca.    Berol.  1636,  and  oontinued.    Svo. 
SekleckteMd.  Serl.  Mag.     A.  Schlechtendal  In 

Berl.  Mag. 
Schmidt.    See  SekmUi  Bmmm. 
Sekm.  Arb.    See  ibid. 
Schmidt  Bamm,    F.  Schmidt,  (Scterrdcba  allfe- 

meine  Baanuuetat.    Wlen,  179f  and  1794.    9 

ToU.  fol. 
Schmidt  Ft.  Boh.    F.  W.  Schmidt,  Florm  Bohe- 

mica.    PragK,  1798,  1794.    %  voU.  fol. 
Sekrad.  Di$t.    See  Schrmd.  Dim.  PhUmd. 
Sekrad.  Diu.  PhOad.    Schrader  In  DeOuidolle*! 

Prod  ruin  Ufa 
Schroder  Imde*  Sem.  Hort.  Acad.  QSU.    Scfara- 

der  (C.  F.),  Index  Plantarum  Hortf  BoCanld 

FMagogtt   Regtl    Olauchenali.      HaU.,  1771. 

ISmo. 
Schroder  Hort.  OSU.  MSS.    See  abOTei 
Sehroneh  Baler.  iBmoor^  Ft.    Frans  Von  Paola 

Schranck,  Balenche  Flora.    Munich,  1789.    8 

band.  8to. 
Sehraimch  SaUgb.    Id.,  Primltia  Flor«  Sallabur- 

ffentii.    Francof.  Men.  I799L  Sto. 
Sabremdk  Ft.  litm.    Id.,  Plants  rarlorea  Hoiti 

Monaoentla.  Munich,  1817—1819.  fol. 
Sdirandt  der  Qe*9eU*.  Notmrf.  Fremmde. 
Sehreb.  Dec    Joh.  Chriat.  Dan.  Von  Sdireber, 

loonet  PlanCaram  minui  oognitaram,  Decat  I. 

HaUe.  1766.  fol. 
Sehreb.  Gen,     Id.,  Llnnal  Genera  Plantarum. 
-  Francof.  1786.    9  toIi.  8to. 
Schmlt.   (BUT.  Ft.      F.   A.  Schultea,  GSitrlchi 

Flora.    Wien,  1794.    9  band.  8vo. 
Sehult.  SyU.    See  Ram.  et  SehuU.  S]^ 
Son.  Cam.  Joh.  Ant  Scopoll,  Flora  Camlolica. 

Vlennai,  1760, 1  rol.  8vo  (  ed.  9.  Vienna,  1779, 

9  ToU.  8vo. 
Sieb.  Mu».    SehaCAIb.),  Locupietitalmi  Remra 

naturalium  Theaaun  Deacnptlo.    Amatelod. 

1734-1768. 
Seamdei  Mfm.  dm  Chime.    M<moire«  sur  l*Hla- 

toire  Naturelle  du  Ch^ne.  Par  M.  DeSeeondat. 

Paris,  1785.    fol. 
Segu.  Fer.    Joh.  Franc.  Seguler,  Planta  Vero- 

nentet.    Veronae,  1745.    8  vols.  8to. 
Ser.  Met*  K  C.  Seringe,  Mtiangea  BoCanlqiief . 

Berne,  1818.    9  yoli.  8to. 
Seringe  Sal,  BeL     See   Si/rimge  Samlet  de  ta 

Suisse, 
Seringe  Samlet  de  la  Smisae,     N.   G.   Seringe^ 

Saiiuea  de  la  Suisse.    Berne.    5  fasc  4to. 
Sermge  Monogr.  da  Samlet  de  la  Smitte.     Id., 

EsmI  d*une  nonographie  dea    Saolea   de  la 

Suisse.    Berne,  1815.    8to. 
SAthorp's  Ft.  Qnee.    See  flor.  Grtee. 
Sieboldt  Ft.  Jap.    Sleboldt's  Flora  J^Nmlea. 
Sim*  Bot.  Mag,     Dr.  Slmt  In  the  Botanical 

Magasine. 
Sloane  Jam.    The  Natural  History  of  Jamaica. 

London,  1707—1795.    9  vols.  fol. 
Smith's  Eng.  Bot.    See  Bng.  Bot. 
Smith's  Eng.  Ft.    See  Eng.  Fl. 
Smith's  Ejtot.  Bot,    Exotic  Botany.    By  Sir  J. 

K.  Smith.     London,  1804, 180ft.     9  vob.  4to. 

pi.  190. 
SmiWt  Flor.  Brit.    See  Ft.  Br. 
Smith's  Ftor.  Or.    See  Flor.  Grac. 
Smith's  Hittorw  qf  Vooa  Scotia.  Published  In  the 

Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
SmitiPs  Icon.    See  Smith  Icon.  Fiet. 
Smith  loon.  PicL    leoues  picts  Plantarum  rari- 

orum.    By  Sir  J.  B.  Smith.    London,  1790— 

179S.  fol. 
Smith's  Insect.  Georg.    See  Abbott  and  Smith. 
Smith's  Prodronmt  qf  Sibthorp't  Flora  Oneea. 

Florse  Onecse   Prodromus :   sIto   Plantarum 

omnium  Enumeratto  ouas  in  Prorinclls  aut 

Insulls   Oractss   inTenlt   Johannes  Sibthorp, 

M.D.  i   cum    Annotationtbus.    By  Sir  J.  E 

Smith.    London,  1806—1813.    9  toIs.  8vo. 
Sotand.  MS.  in  Herb.  Bankt.    Solander*!  MS.  In 

the  Bankslan  Herbarium. 
Spach  Ann.  des  Scaen.  Nat.  Spacb  in  the  Anoales 

des  Sciences  Naturelles. 
%».Pl.    899  Liu.  Sp.  Plan, 
aprtmg.  AwUq.  Boi.     Kmt  Sprengel.  Antiqni- 


tatun  BotanksaraiB  Speefnan.     Upalsi,  1190* 

4to. 
Spreng.  Mag.     Sprengel  (K.),  Neoe  Bntdeck- 

ungen  in  gansen  UmCsng  der  Pflanaenknnde. 

Lap.  1890.    8to. 
Smreng.  S/ftL  Afpend,    See  Sprowd**  JJiwt. 
Sprengeft  S^tt.    Systflua  Ve«td>ilium,  Garoll 

Linnsl.  Cur.  Cortio  aprengeL  CMHtings^  1897. 

4to1s.  8to. 
Spreng.  Spst.  rc||^    See SpretsgeTt  uMf . 
Stephmaon  and  ChmrehUtt  BfrnUadBoiam^.  See 

Chmrchiirt  Medical  Botany. 
Stok^tBot.  A  Botanical  Anrangwnent  of  British 

PlanU,  ftc,  by  W.  Withering,  kidiidfaig  a  i 


set  of  referencai  tn  Figures,     fi^  Jonathan 

Stokes,  M.D.      Birmin^iam,  1787.     9  vols. 

8to. 
St.  Pierrot  Brtmiet  de  la  Nature.    J.  Benwrdln 

Henri  de  Saint  Pierre,  Etudes  de  la  Natora. 

Paris,  1800.    10  vols.  18ao. 
Sturm  D.  Fl.    Jacob  Sturm,  Deutsehland  Floia. 

Pars  1.     (Phanerog.),  fasc.  1—98.     Pars  9. 

(Cryptog.),  fiHC.  1—11.  NQraberg,  1798  cc  aeq. 

9  TOlS.  4tA. 

Smbmrbam   Hortiemltmrttt.     By  J.  C.  London. 

F.L.S.|^frc. 
Swarix  Fl.  Ind.  Oco.    Olof;  sen  Olana,  Svarts. 

Flora  Indlss  OccidantaUs.      Brlanga,  1787—.' 

1806.    8  Tols.  8to. 
SwmrtaMSS.    Swarta  ta  Manuscript. 
Smartz  Prod.     Id.,  Prodromus  Descriptlonum 

Vegetab.  Indlss  Ocddentalla.    Holmia^  178^. 

8to. 
Sm.  Br.  Ft..Gard.    The  British  Flower.Gaiden. 

Conducted  by  R.  Sweet,  and  aftervarda  taf 

Professor  Don,  till  1837.    London.   Sro. 
Sweefs  H.  B.    See  Steeeft  Hart.  Brit. 
Stoeeft  Hort.  Brit.    Sweet  (R.),  Hortas  Britan- 

ulcus.    London,  1896.    8to. 
Smt.  Cttt.     CUtincsB.     Tha  Natural  Order  of 

Rock  Rose.     By  R  Sweat.     London,  18». 

8to. 
Ssot.  Ft.-Oard.    See  Sm,  Br.  Fl.-Gard. 
Swt.  Hon.  Smb.  Land.     Sweet's  Hortua  Sobur- 

banus  Londlnensts.    1819. 
Siftt.  Feg.  OMer.    See  SpreugeTt  ^*L 


T. 


Tabem.  Ic    See  Tabem.  Kramterb. 

Tabem.  Kramterb.     J.  T.  Tabemnmontanoa« 

Kriiuterbuch.  Francof.  Mein,  1R68— 1599.   Ed. 

9.,  Cur.  C.  Bauhlna  FrancoC  Mela,  161a  md 

1695.    Basilic,  1664  and  1731. 
Tenore.    Tenore  (>L),  Sylloge  Plantanm.  Na- 
ples. 8Ta 
Tenor.  Prod,  FL  Neap.    Id.,  Prodrosntts  FIotb 

NeapolltansB.  Neap.  1811—1813.   8to. 
Tenore  Prod.  Smpjd.     See  TVnenr  Prod.   ¥1. 

Neap. 
3>nor.  dH^.  Ft  Neam.    Id^  Symqtsls  uotaium 

Plantarum,  ouc  in  Prodrome  dascrihnntnr. 

Neap.  1815.    bto. 
Temore  Sjftl.  PL  NeapoL    See  Tenor.  %».  Pi. 

iVM|p. 

Tenore*t  Flora  NeapeUlmsa.    Id.,  Flora  Ne«M>> 

litana.    Neapoll,  1811  et  aeq.  6  tesc.  fol. 
Tentamem   Florm  Nepalenttt  mmtlrmim.     Dr« 

Waliieh,  Tentamen,  kc    Calcutt.  et  Serann. 

1884.  fol. 
Thoro  Chhr.  Land.     J.  Thora.   Bssai  d^me 

Chloris  du  D^partoment  des  Landes.     Dax, 

1808.  8to 
JTkore  Prom,  tmr  let  CStet  de  Oatnguet.    Id. 

Dax,  1804.    »ro. 
Thomin  M4m.  Mmt.    See  Mfm.  JAn. 
ThmU.  Ft.  Par.    J.  L.  Thuillier,  Flore  dea  En.. 

rlrons  de  Paris.    Paris,  1790.    19ma 
Thua.Parit.    Sea  JUmtt.  Ft.  Par. 
Thmnb.  Dies.    C  P.  Thunberg,  Diss,  de  EricA. 

Upsal.  1785.  4ta   Bd.  9.  Cur.  R  A.Sallabiiry, 

Featherstone,  180a 
7*Ami5.  Ft.  Jap.    See  Jltmnb.  Jap. 
Thmnb.  lam.  PI.  Jap.    See  Ibid. 


LIST   OF   BOOKS   REFERRED  TO. 


1135 


Tkmth.  Jap*    C  P.  Thanberg,  Flora  Japonlea. 

Lipate,  1784.    8to. 
Thumb.  No9,  am.     Id.,  Mora  Ocoera  Plaata- 

lum. 
TUii  Cat.  HorL  PUatU.     M.  A.  TUU,  Catalogus 

Hoiti  Pisanl    Flortnd*.  17».  fbl. 
T.  Nees  ab  Emibeek  Geo.  PL  Florae  Qermauiae. 

S«e  Netf  Vvm  Btenbeck  Gem,  PL 
Tbrrey  H.  U.  S.  Tormr's  Flora  of  th«  Northern 

and  Middle  StatM.   Now  York,  1886. 
Torres  amd  Graa^  FL  N.  America.    Tomy  and 

Gray*!  Flora  ol  North  Amarlca. 
TVwni.  Act.  Ac.  Par.    i.  Pltton  de  Toumefoit, 

Mimolres  de  TAcadfimle  Royale  des  Sdencei. 

Paris.  1666- 178&  I  vol.  4ta 
Tbtim.  Cor.  Id.,  CoroUarlum  Institutionam  Rel 

Herbaric.     Paris.  1708    4to. 
TOmm.   Inst  Id.,  Insdcatkmes  Rei  HerharUe 

Paris,  1717  et  1719.  3vols.4t& 
Toum.  IHn.  Id.,  Relation  d'lui  Vofagv  Ml  Le- 

Tant.    Paris,  1717.   aToli.4to. 
TVoy.    HUi.    Hieronoml  Tragi,  De    Stirpiom, 

maxime  earum  qun  in  Oermanicv  nostra  nas- 

cuntur,  ftc.    Argentorati,  1&51.    4ta 
Traii4  Prat.,  ^e.    See  Delamarre*$  Traittt  4e. 
Traiti  Pratique  de  la  Culture  dee  Pirn.  See  ibid. 
TYatt.  Arek.   Leop.  Trattlnick,  ArchiT.  der  Ge- 

wiichskunde.   VIenn.  1811—1812.   8fiuc.4to. 
Ttatt.  EoM.     Id.,  Rosacearum    Moaographia. 

Vindolx  1823, 1824.  4ToU.imaIl  8vo. 
Treat..,  ^c.    See  Bouteker*e  Treatise  on  raising 

Forest  Trees. 
Trew  Ehr.    See  Trew  SeL 
Trew  SeL    C.J. Trew, Plant«ielect«ab Bhret* 

picta.    17S0— 17W.  fol. 

V. 

FaU  Enum.  Martlnus  Vahl,  Bnnmeratlo  Plan- 

tarum.   Haunise,  1806, 1806.   2fols.8Ta 
FaU  FL  Dan.    See  FL  Dan. 
FaklSymL    Id..  SjmbolsB  BotanlcsB.    Haonte, 

1790—1794.  8  ftsa  fol. 
FaU.  Herb.  VaUlant  (S.),  BotaniconFulsiense. 

Lug.  Bat.  1788.  8fO. 
Fent.Cets.    B.   P.  Ventenat,    Description  des 

Plantes  nouTelles  ou  peu  oonnues  au  Jardin 

de  J.  M.  Cels.    Paris,  1800^  fol. }  ed.  Germ., 

Roemer,  Zurich,  1802. 
Fent.  Ckoia.  Id.,  Choix  des  Plantes.  Puis,  1808 

—1808.    lOfkK.foL 
Fent.  Dies.  Id.,  Hono«raphie  da  Genre  TIUeuL 

Paris,  1802.    4ta 
Fent.  Hort.  Ceis.   See  Fent.  Cels. 
Fent.  Jard.  Malm.    See  Fent.  Malru 
Fent.  Malm.   Id..  Jardin  de  la  Matanaison,  1808 

—1806.    2  Tols.  fol. 
Fent.  TabL  du  Eigne  Ftgtt.    Id.,  Tahleao  du 

Rtgne  Vigftal.    Paris,  1797.  4  vols.  8to. 
Fentenat  Dee.  NO0.  Gen.    Id.,  Decas  Generum 

noTonun,  &c.    1808.   4to. 
Ferkand.  Batav.  Genootsck.     Verhandeltngen 

▼an  het  Bauviaash  Genootschap  der  Koustan 

an  wetenschttppen.    Batavla  aut  Rotterdam, 

1770—1792.    ^Tols.  8to. 
Ferx.   Hofflnan's  Verselchnangen  ttber  Pyrus. 
FOL  CaL  Strasb.    D.  ViUars,   Catalogue  m6» 

thodlque  du   Jardin  de  Strasbourg.     Stras- 
bourg, 1807.    8to. 
FUL  Damk.  See  VOIars^s  Plantes  du  DaujMni. 
FiUars  Delpk.  VUlars,    Flora   Delphtnalis    in 

Glllbert*s    Histolre  des    Plantes    d^Europe 

2  vols.  8to,  1798 ;  and  2d  edit  in  8  toIs.  180£. 
FiUars's  Plantes  du  Daupkini.  Id.,  HIstoire  des 

Plantes  du  Dauphlnt.    Omoble,  1786—1788. 

4  vols.  8to. 
Fisiani  PL  Doha.,  eg  BoL  Zeit    Plants  Dal- 

roatlcc  nunc  primum  edits*  a  R.  De  Visiani, 

M.  D.,  in  the  Botanische  Zeituno.    189a 
Fiv.  Camb.  Cambassedes  In  MtaLMus.  vol.  xir. 
Fie.  Fragm.  Dom.  Vlviani,  Flora  Italics!  Frag- 

menU.  Oenusr.,  1808.  4to. 

W. 

Wahl.  FL  Suee.  O.  Wahlenberg,  Flora  Suedca. 

Upsal,  1824—1826.    2  vols.  8to. 
WaJUenb.   FL  Carp.     UL,   Flora   Carpatonun 


nrindpaUum,  exhlbens  Plantas  In  Moottbus 

Carpsiads,  inter  Flumina  Waagum  et  Dnna^ 

Jeti,  cresoentes ;  cum  Tractatu  de  Altltudine, 

Ac.,  horom  Bfontium.    GoCting.  1814.   8to. 
Waklenb.  Ft.  Lapp.     Id.,  Flora  Lapponica,  in 

Itineribus  1800—1810  denuo  InTestigtta.    Bero. 

Uni,  1812.   8vo. 
Waldet.  et  Kit.  PL  Hung.    See  Waldst.  et  Kit. 

PL  Bar,  Hung. 
Waldst.  et  Kit  PL  Bar.  Hung.    Waldstein  el 

Kitalbel,  Descriptiones  et  Icones  Flantarum 

rariorum  Hungarias.    Vienna,  1802—1812.   8 

vols,  folio. 
fFaa.  Asiat.  Bes.    Nath.  Wallich,  AsUtle  Re- 

aearches  t  or.  Transactions  of  the  Sodety  in- 

sUtuled  at  Bengal.    1788.   4to. 
WaU.  Cat,     Widlich's  MS.    Catalogue  of  the 

Plants  oontained  In  the  Hertiarium  of  the  Bast 

India  Company,  now  in  the  Possession  of  the 

^/inniwip  SocleQr. 
WaO.  Fi.  Ind.    Id.,  Tentamen  Flom  Nopalengis 

iUustrattt.    Calcutta,  1824.   folio. 
WaU.  MS8.    See  fVaU.  Cat. 
WaU.  PL  As.  Bar.    See  WaU.  PL  Asiat.  Bar. 
WalL  PL  AtiaL  Bar.     Id.,  Planttt  Asiatics  ra- 

riores ;  or,  Descriptions  and  Figures  of  a  sded 

Number  of  unpublished  Plants   of  the  East 

Indies.    London,  1880—1882.    3  rols.  royal  fol. 

SOOplatea. 
WaUr,  Scked.  F.  W.  Wallroth,  Schedulse  critics 

de  Plantis  Flors  Halensis  selectis,  &c.     Halae, 

1822.  8vo. 
WaUrotk  MonoK.    F.  O.  WaUroth,  Ross!  Flan- 
tarum Generu  Historia  succincui,  ftc.     Nord- 

husc,  1828.    8to. 
WaU,  Car.    See  Wait.  FL  Car. 
Walt.  FL  Car.     Thom.  Waiter,  Flora  CaroU* 

niana.    Londlnl,  1788.   8to. 
Wast^  Act,  Soc.  BaroL    See  Act,  Nat.  Serut, 

Berol. 
Wang.  Am.    See  Wangenk.  Amer. 
Wang.  Beptr.    Wangenheim  (F.A.O.),  Anpllan- 

sung    nord-americsnischer   Holiarten.     Oift- 

tingae,  1787.    3  vols,  folio. 
Wang.  Forst.    See  Wa^.  Beptr, 
WangeiUk.  Amer.    See  Ibid. 
Wats.  Dend.    See  Watson's  Dend.  Brit. 
Watson's  Dend.  Brit.    P.  W.  Watson,  Dendro- 

loBia  Britannlca;  or.  Trees  and  Shrubs  that 

wfil  live  in  the  open  Air  of  Britain.    London, 

182ft.   2  vols.  8vo,  pi.  172. 
Wats.  Dendr.  Brit.    See  Wat9on*s  Dend.  Brit 
Webb  and  BertkoUVs  Histoire  NatureUe  des  Bes 

Canaries.    Histolre  NatureUe  des  Isles  Cana. 

ries.    Par  MM.  P.  Barker  Webb  et  Sabtn  Ber- 

tholet.   Paris,  188»>1842.    4to  and  fol.,  many 

plates. 
Webb  Iter  Hispan.     Webb's  Iter  HIspaniense. 

1838. 
Webb'otta  Hispan.     Webb's  Otla   Hlspanica, 

1837.   161. 
Wendl.  Erie.    J.  C.  Wendland,  Brfcarum  Icones 

et  Descriptiones.    1798etseq.   4to. 
WendL  Hort.    Id.,  Hort  us  Herrenhusanus.  1796 

—1801.    4  (Sue.  fol. 
WendL  Obs.      Id.,  Botanische    Beobachtongen 

nebst  einlgen  neuen  Oattnngen  und  Arten. 

Hanorer,  1798.  fol. 
Wem.  Soc  Trans.    See  Wemerian  Trans. 
Wemerian  Trans.    Memoirs  of  the  Wemerian 

Natural  History  Sodety.   Edinburgh,  1811,  &c. 

8vo. 
Wkeeler*s  Joumeu.  A  Joumej  Into  Greece  In  the 

Company  of  Dr.  Spor  of  Lvons.    By  Sir  O. 

Wheeler.    London,  1682.   fol. 
Wtbei  WMk.     A.  O.  B.  C.  Wlbel,  Primitis 

Flora  Werthelmensis.    Jenae,  1799.   8vo. 
WiUd.  Ab.    See  AbbiUung  der  Deutseken  Hobb- 

WiUd,  AbbUd.     See  AbbOdung  der  Deutseken 


Waid.  Act.  BeroL    See  Act.  Nat  Serut.  BerL 
WiUd.Arb.    See  WiUd.  BerL  Bamm. 
WiUd.Baum.    See  ibid.  «    ..  ,    ^ 

WiUd.  BerL  Baume.     WlUdeoow,  Berllnisehe 

Baumsucht.    Berl.  1811.   8vo. 
WiUd.  Berol.  Mag.    Id.,  Berlinlacbes  Magaaln. 

8vo. 


OLOSSARIAL   INDEX. 


H&.  Bt^m. 


W.  Smmm.  Mowl,    ) 
IB  HortI  BMtbMHl 


hsniBB  ■MIdIt  SeklB 


ff«K*  Ofocr.  DMrA.    An  Bin  oa  tht  Oh. 
(nplikltriHaMlHtkiB  el  FluEi  ihRHiih  tht 


nm^Bittunuu.  iijw.witfa«iiw,i>^ 

BlfMiartiM,  ITWtJ  Tnli.  »n  i  •d.T.wHfa^- 
dUlau.  Lnadaa,  IIMK  4  Tob.  tro. 


titadiw  fljitmmln  md  On 

SSfU&fc  of  illUw  Med ,  „ 

HHm  ud  aiMIe,  Ac     Bj  W.  WoDdrilU, 


F.  da)  Bd  Zuartal 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX. 


JeamirmI,  neUalnt  er  iTtac  on. 

JurtK,  doder.  or  imdle-thuwd,  ••  In  tli 

lavH  of  HBC  oT  tbfl  cone-)»kiinc  met. 
,fcA»<HL  ■  diT  nndt.  Hbkli  doH  oat  <«a  irba 

ripe,  lod  eenulnt  «ie  md  not  idbenDi  t«  tli 


■p-pOlDtU. 

if^Mle.  gmn  to  fOr  Iti  whole  li 
^MhiwlEih  tb*  (nidlaa  or  tlM  pa 


JHmnmm,tba iv-«oad  of  tnq, 

Jmiaf,  ■  eelklB.  or  iDlomcBiH  ooutulnf 
dufly  nlit.  vTUffed  ilooa  t  tbnwUlLkfl  r 


rodndpf  or  lleerlnf  en 


nhS3tC(  I 


Setad.M 


ttobeHi7UH[»&aU. 
^^rcK«(,  Wlof  ■  tondi 


bi  the  mxlU,  or  u^m  fc 


tliUHieedttnrtad 


OLOSSARIAL    INDEX. 


1187 


Cfljw/p,  a  dry  flroit  eontafaiiiig  tererml  leeds. 

Ctiptmlifbrm,  ihaped  like  a  ca|wule. 

Cmriita,  shaped  like  the  keel  of  a  boat;  the  lower 
petiJa  of  a  pea  flower. 

Cmriopiide,  a  l-oelled«  l-ieeded,  tuperior  inde- 
hlicent  pericaii».  adhering  to  the  proper  into. 
gttmenU  of  the  seed  which  it  contafn*. 

Carpel,  an  Indlrldnal  part  of  a  oompoimd  flroit. 

CgrpopAore,  a  receptacle  bearing  only  the  ova- 
rium. 

CatrtOiuimotu,  griitljr:  a  cartilagtnoot  leaf  hat 
the  edge  streagthened  by  a  tough  rim  of  a  tub- 
ttanee  different  flrom  that  of  the  dlak. 

CatAin.    See  Jwiemi. 

Cerekr^&rm,  having  an  irregular  brahn-Uke  ap- 
pearance, as  the  kernel  of  a  walnut. 

Cmammeied,  having  a  channel. 

Ckmrtaeeomt,  havma  the  consistence  of  paper. 

CBitt,  hairs  resembUng  those  of  the  eveiash. 

CiUatet  surrounded  with  hairs,  as  the  eyelid  Is 
with  eyelashes. 

Cmereotu,  grer,  or  ash-coloured. 

Cfrrkout  terminating  fn  a  tendril. 

fSoMtfe,  club-shaped;  the  thick  end  uppermost. 

GKoap,  the  Inserted,  or  narrow  end,  of  a  petal. 

Otoem,  divided  into  two  parts. 

dm^skt^^edt  haring  the  tlilck  end  uppermost. 

CbaretaU,  pressed  together. 

CMtfr^,  connected. 

CoUaleraL  parallel ;  side  Xif  side. 

CMaaim,  tne  oi4umn  in  a  capsule  is  the  part  to 
which  the  seeds  are  attacoed :  when  the  fila- 
ments are  combined  Into  a  solid  body,  they  are 
said  to  be  columned.  ^ 

Gmhos^,  covered  with  small  tufts  of  hairs  called 


CbMifNMifid;  aterm  used  in  botany  to  expreu  the 

onion  of  several  things  in  ooe. 
Comeare^  more  or  less  hollow. 
Concrete,  of  one  mass :  Joined  together. 
Comdupiicate,  twlue  folded. 
Coitferrmmimaied,  so  united  as  to  be  undlsttn- 

guisbaMe. 
Conalomerale,  heaped,  or  irregularly  crowded. 
GntSeoA  cone-shaped. 

Coi^fmgaiet  Joined  by  pairs :  a  pinnate  leaf  Is  con- 
jugate when  it  has  but  one  pair  of  leaflets. 
Commeett^mm,  the  cellular  texture  which  connects 

several  compartments,  as  in  some  anthers. 
CammiveiUt  lying  close  together. 
OmiM,  shaped  like  a  cone. 
AMitorted,  twisted. 
CicMMwr,  the  reverse  of  concave :  used  In  opposi- 

tioa  to  that  term. 
Camtoimie,  rolled  together. 
Cordate,  heart-shaped ;  in  the  outline  resembling 

that  of  a  heart  in  cards. 
Cordale-ooate,  heari-shaped,  rounded  at  the  apex 

Into  an  egg-shaped  form. 
Cord(fitrm,    See  Cordute 
COrimoeomt  leathery .  tbtdk  and  toogh. 
ConmUe,  horn-shaped  ;  of  a  horn/  nature. 
Corolla,  the  inner  enTelope  of  a  flower. 
Corpiude,  a  small  body ;  a  particle  of  anything. 
Corymb,  a  kind  of  umbel  with  the  stalks  of  the 

outer  flowers  longer  than  those  of  the  centre, 

to  as  to  form  a  level  head. 
CoryMtftose,  having  the  form  of  a  corymb. 
Coijiedomat  leaves  unclosed  in  the  seed,  which 

serve  to  elabonle  ^e  sap  before  the  expansion 

of  the  true  leaves. 
Crwepimg,  extending  horisontally  on  the  sorlace 

of  the  gitnmd,  and  rooting  at  uie  Joints. 
Cirvmsir,  scoUofMsd ;  having  round  notches. 
Creeeemi'ekapedt  havbig  the  form  of  a  crescent,  or 

half^noon. 
Cr€$tt  a  tufted,  or  fringed,  appendage :  a  stamen 

Is  crested  when  the  filament  prvtJects  beyond 

the  anther,  and  beoomu  dilated. 
Created,  having  a  crest. 
Crtaped,  curled. 
Crmeififrmt  cross-shaped :  a  cruciform   flower 

consists  of  four  petals  placed  in  opposite  direc- 
tions. 
CmcuUate,  curved  inwards ;  of  a  cowl  or  hood 

like  appeanmce. 
Cmitemte,  wedge-shaped. 


Cmmeate-lmteeoUtte,  a  form  between  wedg»4hap4*d 

and  lanceolate. 
Cttmeate-'iimeor,  a  wedge-shaped  leaf;  which  is 

long  and  narrow. 
Cameate-oblomg,  wedge-shaped  and  oblong. 
Ctmeate-odovate,  a  form  between  wedge-shaped 

andobovate. 
Ct^t-ektmed,  having  a  cuplike  appearance,  as  the 

cup  or  an  acorn. 
CmpiUet  a  cup,  as  of  the  acorn. 
Cmpttlar,  shaped  like  a  cup. 
Cmfddate,  suildenly  terminating  in  a  point ;  qiear- 

pointed. 
Cutide,  the  skin,  or  ephtermls. 
(^fUndrieal,  cylinder-shaped,  round. 
C|wv,  a  kind  of  umbel  with  the  stalks  of  the 

outer  flowers  shorter  than  those  in  the  centre. 
C|rmoae,  flowering  in  qrmes. 

D. 

Date^ahaped,  resembling  the  dale  In  form. 

Deeamdroma,  haring  10  stamens. 

Deeidmoma,  falling  off:  a  tree  is  said  to  be  de. 

ciduous  when  It  does  not  retain   its  leaves 

through  the  winter. 
DeoUnate,  bending  downwards. 
Decompommd,  a  leaf  Is  decompound  when  It  is 

twice  or  thrice  pinnate. 
DecumbetU,  lying  down  on  the  ground. 
Deeaureiatf  running  down ;  a  leaf  extended  down 

the  stem  Is  decurrent. 
Deeuaaate,  leaves  are  decosaate  when  they  grow 

in  pairs,  and  alternately  cross  each  other. 
D^fieeed,  bent  downwards. 
DekfaoetU.  opening  naturally. 
DeUoid,  shaped  like  the  Greek  A. 
Deniate,  marginal  teeth-llke  Incisions. 
Demtato-^emUet  having  the  margin  diTlded  into 

incisions,  resembling  the  teeth  of  a  saw. 
Denticulate,  haTing  the  maiglns  finely  and  slightly 

toothed. 
IMmhaawua,  semi-transparent,  like  horn. 
Dieholomona,  Inanching  in  pairs ;  forked. 
Did^moua,  twin. 
Di^fnamoua,  haring  two  long  stamens  and  two 

short  ones  hi  the  same  flower. 
I>0kae,  widely  spread;  scattered. 
Digitate,  fingered ;  shaped  like  the  hand  spread 

open. 
Dilated,  widened. 
Dimidiate,  divided  Into  two  halves. 
Dieedoua,  a  plant  is  said  to  be  dloecloos,  when  the 

male  flowers  are  produced  on  one  indlridual, 

and  the  fismale  ones  on  another. 
Diacoid,  fVimlshed  with  a  disk,  or  something  that 

may  be  compared  to  a  disk. 
Diak,  the  fleshy  annular  process  that  surrounds 

the  ovary  in  many  flowers ;  a  receptacle  ad- 
hering to  the  calyx  :  also  the  surfhce  of  a  leaf. 
Diaaepimenta,  the  partitions  by  which  a  seed- vessel 

is  intemaUy  divided  hito  cells. 
DiaHckoma.  two-ranked  or  two-rowed,  produced 

In  opposite  rows. 
Divaricate,  spreading  widdy  in  diflbrent  direc. 

Uons. 
Dioergjhia,  going  fkr  fhun  one  point. 
DoraM,  situated  upon  the  back. 
Drwpaeeoma,  like  a  drupe. 
Drupe,  a  fridt  consisting  of  a  fleshy  substance 

enclosing  a  hard  stone,  as  the  cherry. 

B. 

Sar-/brmed,  having  somewhat  the  s|>pearance  of 

an  ear. 
Ecoentriealli^,   disposed  Irregularly ;    deriattng 

fW>m  the  centre. 
Kekinate,  covered  with  prickles,  like  a  hedgehog. 
Egg-akaped,  having  the  form  of  an  egg,  either  In 

outline  or  otherwise. 
ElUptie,  oval ;  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  about 

or  equal  roundness  at  both  ends. 
EUfplic-lanceolate,  a  form  between  elliptic  and 

lanceolate, 
KlUpOcoblong,  oblong-ovate. 
Elongate,  lengthened  out. 

4o 


1138 


GLOSS ARIAL    INDEX. 


Bmunwimaiet  huTlng  a  imall  notch  In  tbe  oentr* 

of  tne  end  or  tip. 
Bmbrffo^  tbe  joang  plant  In  the  seed. 
Smdocarp,  the  Inner  membrane  of  firutt  which 

forms  the  celU. 
Emtififrm^  iword-thaped. 
Entire^  without  marginal  indsiont. 
Epicttfpt  the  external  Integument  of  the  ftnit. 
AMermis,  the  outer  skin. 
Ep^lfnomt,  situated  upon  the  style  or  OTary . 
JgupetiiiouB,  growing  upon  the  petals. 
JSroded,  gnawed,  irregularly  toothed. 
Evergreen,  retaining  foliage  through  the  winter. 
Ejuertedt  projecting  considerably  beyond  some 

other  part. 
Kg$iipuUu^  without  stipules.    See  SHpttle. 
BMtrtMuHlarif^  growing  either  from  above  or 

below  the  axils. 

F. 

Falcate^  Ytmk  like  a  sIcUe. 

Farimaeeomtt  floury. 

Ftucide.  bundle^ 

FaucSemaie^  disposed  In  bundles. 

FtuHgiatet  tapering  to  a  point ;  of  compact  upright 

growth,  as  tlie  Lombardy  pioplar. 
Ferrugimaui^  rustr ;  Iron^KMoured. 
F&rcmtt  composea  of  fibres. 
Fibrff,  thready. 
FilemefU^  the  thread-like  part  of  tbe  stamen, 

which  supports  the  anther. 
Fttifimm,  thread-shaped. 
Fibnif^  baring  a  thin  skin. 
JPIoccstf,  flabby  ;  not  firm. 
FUutan-thaped^  bearing  reeemblanee  to  the  form 

or  a  flagon,  or  glolMilar  bottle  with  a  slender 

neck. 
Fletuoms,  xlgsag;  baring  an  undulating  direction. 
Fioceote^  woolly. 
FUtrffierotu^  bearing  flowers. 
FdliotaU^  havhig  leaflets. 
/>hlMefe,  a  drr  seed-ressed,  baring  only  1-ralve 

and  one  cell. 
FMiculaTt  baring  the  form  of  a  follicle. 
Foramen^  a  small  hole. 
Foramino$e^  perforated  full  of  holes. 
FHaUct  crumbly. 
Fhrndtue^  a  term  applied  either  to  a  stem  which 

is  beset  with  leaves,  or  to  a  proliferous  flower. 
AnvoiM,  having  the  oonsistenco  of  mushrooms. 
FitmcuU^  small  stalks  by  which  the  seeds  are  at* 

tached  to  the  placenta. 
Furrmoedt  having  longitudinal  channels. 
Futiform,  spindle-shaped :  a  carrot  is  a  ftislform 

root, 

O. 

OoAw^Ht,  the  cooe  of  the  genus  Aipr6ssiis. 

QaffWMMliMM,  where  tiie  sepals  ^ipear  to  be 
united  in  one. 

Oetmnaeeom*,  baring  buds. 

OAftows,  swelled  out  with  exceat  of  pulp ;  pro- 
tuberant 

OUAnm»t  smooth ;  without  hairs. 

Oitmd,  a  secretory  resael. 

Olamd-iike,  baring  the  appearance  of  glands. 

Glauceseenit  somewhat  hoary ;  or  baring  a  bluish 
green,  or  sea-green,  appearance. 

Owueouty  sea  green,  or  bluish  green. 

GJMfiMKvoflu,  having  husks. 

Qrammlated,  corered  as  if  with  grains. 

Qffnobasie,  baring  a  fleshy  receptacle,  bearing 
separate  fruits. 

H. 

BattaUy  formed  like  the  head  of  a  halbert. 

HetmitpherioMt^  half-round. 

Hermapkrodt'te,  a  flower  Is  so  called  when  it  con- 
sists of  both  male  and  female  organs. 

HelerogamomMt  flowers  of  diihrent  sexes  In  the 
same  head. 

HilutRy  the  external  mark  or  scar  of  a  seed, 
wherebr  It  Is  fixed  to  the  placenta. 

HirtuiCt  nalry. 

Hitpid,  corered  with  brUde-like  hairs. 


Hoar^,  clothed  with  a  grey  or  white  down. 
HomogamauMt  all  the  flowert  hermaphrodite. 
Homagmtotu,  all  the  flowers  fiBmale, 
Hoodei,  hollowed  into  the  fbrm  of  a  hood. 
Hmk,  the  outer  corerlug  ai  some  seeds ;  also  a 
species  of  calyx  peculiar  to  aiassus  and  sedgaa. 
Hn»ogynomtt  utuated  below  the  ovarium. 

I. 

Tmbricate,  laid  orer  each  other  Hke  tiles. 
Impari-pHmaU,  pinnate  leares,  termlnartng  with 

an  odd  leaflet. 
I$teumbeMt,  lying  upon. 
.  Indehi$eent,  not  opening  naturally. 
Ind^tUcate^  doubled  or  folded  inwards. 
Induralet  hard. 
Imeqmtateral,  unequal-sided. 
In^atedy  puffed  up ;  blown  out  like  a  bladder. 
If\fiore»eeneey  disposition  of  the  flowers. 
Iii^a-4urUiary,  below  the  axils  of  the  leares. 
Iti^-Hipmlar,  below  the  stipules. 
IntemodeSt  the  space  between  the  Joints   in 

stems. 
tnierpetiolary  between    the    peCtolea    or    ]ea& 

stalks. 
Inirorte,  turned  inwards. 
Ingerted,  upside  down. 
Involueeit  a  small  inrolucra. 
/jteotecre,  two  or  more  bracteas  united  bdov  tba 

flower. 
lnpolmaifi>rmt  resembling  am  inrolocre. 


J. 


Jagged,  coarsely  cut. 

Jointed,  baring  Joints  <nr  articulatlooa. 


KeO,  the  lower  petals  of  a  napilionaceoos  fiowisr  ; 

a  resemblance  to  the  ke«  of  a  boat,  either  in 

leaves  or  flowers. 
Keei-tAaped,  baring  a  keel-like  appearance. 
Kneed,  bent  like  the  knee  Joint. 

L. 

Labiaiet  haring  a  lip  or  lips. 
LameUate,  dirided  into  thm  platea. 
LameUifbrm,  shaped  like  the  gills  on  tbe  oader 

side  of  a  mushroom  and  similar  fhngi. 
Litmina,  the  upper  spreading  part  of  a  petal. 
Laminated.    See  Lamellate. 
Lanceolate,  lance  or  spear  shaped. 
LaneeokUe-elliptic,  a  form  between  lance.«haped 

and  elliptic  or  oval. 
LaneeokUe^oblong,  lanoe-thaped  and  oblong. 
Lonceolole-ovafe,  between  lanee-shaped  and 

shaped. 
Lanoeolate-enhuiatet  between  lanee-shaped 

awl-shaped, 
tamy'iiosif,  slightly  woolly. 
Lateral,  on  the  side  or  sides. 
Lax,  loose. 
Leaflet,  a  smaU  leaf,  forming  part  of  a  compound 

leaC 
Legnme,  a  pod ;  the  fruit  of  legaminons  plants. 
LaMoted,  navtng  prominent  docs. 
L&namt,  woody ;  a  term  (^poeed  to  hertMceoos. 
L^nlaie,  strap-like,  baring  aie  fbrm  of  a  strap. 
LhiA,  the  spreading  part  or  a  petal,  or  of  a  tnbiuar 

flower. 
Linear,  narrow,  when  the  two  sides  are  nearly 

paralleL 
Linear-cunuted,    between  linear  and 

shaped. 
Linear-*liiptk,  narrow  and  elliptic. 
LtneeurJanceolate,  narrow  lance-shaped. 
Ltnear-oUong,  between  linear  and  obkmg. 
Linear-eetaeeons,  narrow,   approaching  to 

form  of  a  bristle. 
Lmear-tmbmlate,   narrow,    and   tiqiering  to  a 

point. 
Lmeatet  streaked  in  parallel  lines. 


OLOSSARIAL    INDEX. 


1139 


lis,  the  kmer  pn^ecting  petal  of  an  irregular 

flower. 
Lobc^  the  segment  of  a  divided  leaf. 
Loeulieidai,  admitting  the  esc^M  of  the  teeda 

throagh  the  valres. 
Lament,  a  kind  of  pod,  which,  when  ripe*  lUb  in 

pieces  at  the  Joints. 
Lrndd,  shining. 
Ltmmiate^  halT-moon-shaped. 
L^raitt  a  leaf  is  Ijrrate  when  its  apex  b  rounded, 

and  there  are  sereral  small  lateral  lobes  towards 

its  base }  harp  or  lyre-shaped. 


Memiramiceomit  of  a  thin  pliable  texture. 

Meiamorpkoted,  changed  nrom  one  form  to  an- 
other. 

Momade^ikottt^  haTlng  the  filaments  united  at 
the  bottom  into  one  bundle,  or  brotherhood. 

MomS^ortHt  formed  like  a  necklace,  tUTlng  al- 
ternate swdlings  and  contractions. 

Mtmoeeiotu^  haTlng  the  stamens  and  pistil  in  se- 
parate flowers  on  the  same  plant. 

Momipetaiom*,  having  bat  one  petal,  or  having 
the  petals  united  so  as  to  appear  but  one. 

Momotpermtnu^  one  seeded^ 

MncSaginomM^  of  a  slimy  nature. 

Mmerot  a  sharp  rigid  point 

Mucrtmaie^  terminating  in  a  spine,  or  macro. 

Mveronate-cutpidate,  tapering  suddenly  to  a 
point  which  is  tipped  with  a  mucro,  or  spine. 

Mueronate-demUemate^  toothed,  each  tooth  ter- 
minated with  a  sharp  p<dnt. 

MmcromUaie,  having  a  small  hard  point. 

MtOt^lA,  many-deft. 

Muneate^  covered  with  short  shan>  points. 

MmUe,  pointless ;  a  term  opposed  to  mucro. 

N. 

Narrowed,  tapering. 

IfaviefUar,  boat-shaped. 

Nectorifertmtt  having  nectaries ;  bearing  honey. 

Kecimry,  a  part  of  the  corolla,  for  the  most  part 

contunlng  honey. 
NMeamemtaceoma.,  naving  catkins. 
Nmoleiu,  the  kernel  of  a  nut. 
Nvemief  a  small  nut. 

JVnf,  a  seed  enclosed  within  a  hard  shell. 
^wlMtf,  nodding. 

O. 

Okctmkal,  inveneW  cona^aped. 
Oboordate,  inversely  heart-shaped. 
Obetmeatet  wedge-snape  Inverted. 
ObioMceoUUet  InTarsely  lance-stuped. 
Oblaiej  flattened. 
Oblique,  not  direct  or  parallel. 
Oblong,  two  or  three  times  longer  than  broad. 
Oblong-acme,  obloog  and  sharp-pointed, 
Oblong-ameated,  between  oblong  aud  wedge- 
shaped. 
ObUmgJaneeolaU,  between  oblong  and  lano^ 


o-.^j.,-.  C^he  germen,or  incipient  seed-vessel. 


irtw.J 


Oblcmg'iinear,  in  form  between  oblong  and  linear. 

Obkmg-^maL,  a  form  between  oblong  mA  ovaL 

Obovate-caneated,  between  obovate  and  wedge- 
shaped,  with  the  broadest  end  uppermost. 

OboBotekmceolate,  a  form  between  egg-shaped 
and  lance-shaped  inverted. 

Obotudespatknlale,  a  form  between  obovate  and 
that  of  a  spatula. 

OAsolefr,  hanlty  evftdaot 

Obtmte,  blunt. 

Ockrea,  mcmbnmoos  sttpulei  sorroaidlnc  the 
stem  and  cohering  by  their  anterior  marguM. 

Oetandrom,  having  8  stamens. 

Opaque,  not  reflecung  light ;  not  transparent. 

i^potUei  placed  in  pairs  on  oppodto  sides  of  a 
stem. 

g**;;^Jci«»ur,.ph«k.i. 

thrtbotropoui,  straight,  and  having  the  same  di- 
rection as  the  bodv  to  which  it  belongs. 
Oval,  In  the  form  ofan  ellipsis. 


/!•>.«..      -k     which  contains  the  rudiments  of  the 

«'»«'y.      I    future  seed. 

OvateHumminale,  egg-shaped  in  the  lower  part, 
and  tapering  to  a  point. 

Offait'Oemie,  egg-shaped  in  part,  but  terminating 
in  a  sharp  pcmt 

Ovate-arrotO'Skaped,  a  form  intermediate  be- 
twen  egg.shapM  and  arrow-shaped. 

Ovate-campanutate,  a  figure  between  egg-shaped 
and  bell-slumed. 

Ovate'-eUioHc,  between  egg-shaped  and  elllpUcal. 

OvtUe-glooote,  a  form  between  round  and  egg- 
shi^ied. 

Ovate-ianeeolaie,  between  egg-shaped  and  lance- 
shaped. 

Ofton,  egg-shaped. 

Ovoid-eifimdrieal,  egg-shaped  and  cylindrical. 

Ofmimn,  an  incipient  seed. 

P. 

Paleaeeoms,    having    or  abounding  in  dialiy 

scales. 
Palete,    chaliy  scales,    common  In  compound 

flowers. 
Palmate,  palm-shaped,  divided  so  as  to  resemble 

the  hana  spread  open. 
Pandmriform,  fiddle-shaped. 
Pamiele,  a  loose  irregular  mode  of  inflorescence, 

similarly  disposed  to  that  of  many  grasses,  as 

oats. 
PapMmaceoui,  buttorfly-shaped  flowers,  as  those 

of  the  common  pea. 
Pta»iU(fi»rm,  bearing  reeemblance  to  small  glan* 

dular  excrescences  or  pimples. 
Pappoae,  downv ;  having  pappus. 
Ptmmt,  a  kind  of  down  formed  by  the  minute 

cUvision  of  the  limb  of  the  calyx  of  the  Com- 

p6sit». 
Parietal,  attached  to  the  sides  or  walls  of  the 

ovary.  * 

Pectinate,  combahaped. 

Pedieei,  the  flower-stalk  of  each  separate  flower. 
Pedicellate,  having  pedicds. 
Pedmtele,  the  principal  flower-stalk. 
Pedunculate,  having  pedundesL 
Pellucid,  transparent ;  bright. 
Peltate,  a  peltate  leaf  has  the  netiole  fixed  in  the 

centre  or  the  disk,  instead  of  in  the  margin. 
Pendulous,  AToopingi  hanging  down. 
Pentagonal,  five-angled. 
Pentandromt,  having  5  stamens. 
PetUapetaUmt,  flve-petaled. 
PerfokaU,  a  leaf  is  said  to  be  perfoliate  when  the 

stem  passes  through  its  base,  as  in  the  honey< 

suckle. 
Perforated,  pleroed  through,  apparently  flilL  of 

holes. 
Perianth,  the  flower -cup;  the  envelope  which 

surrounds  the  flower :  a  term  «M>lled  when 

the  calyx  cannot  be  distinguished  n'om  the  co- 
rolla. 
Pericarp,  the  covering  of  the  seed«vesseL 
Perigonal,  having  both  calyx  and  corolla. 
PtfTttyMMCf ,  inserted  in  the  calyx,  or  In  the  disk 

wmeh  adheres  to  the  calyx. 
Peripherie,  curved ;  circular. 
Pereieteni,  remaining ;  not  fUllng  oflU 
Petal,  a  division  of  a  corolla. 
Petiotate,  having  petioles,  or  fooWalks,  to  the 

leaves. 
Petiole,  the  footstalk  of  a  leaf. 
Petiolule,  the  fooutalk  of  a  leaflet. 
Pettoiulate,  havhig  petlolules. 
PHote,  haiiy. 

Pinmte,  the  leaflets  of  a  pinnate  leaf. 
Pinnate,  a  leaf  divided  into  many  smaller  leaves 

or  leaflets  b  saM  to  be  pinnate. 
Pittil,  the  columnar  body  usually  dtuated  In  the 

centre  of  a  flower ;  when  perfect  it  consists  of 

the  germen,  style,  and  stigma.  . 
Placenta,  that  part  of  the  seed-vessel  to  which 

the  seeds  are  aflbced. 
PlanO'Conoe*,  flat  on  the  one  side  and  convex  on 

the  other. 
Plicate,  plaited. 

4d  2 


1140 


OLOSSARIAL    IND£X. 


Fimmote^  batflng  a  reiinMano  to  featheras 
feaihoiy. 

PlmmmU^  the  uoending  thooCof  a  seedling. 

Fod^  a  kind  of  wed^veMel  similar  to  tbat  of  the 
common  pea. 

PoUen,  failna,  or  dust,  oontaiiied  within  the  cells 
<^  the  anthers  when  perfect ;  it  Is  eseenllal  to 
fruetlAcation. 

Pcfyanirout,  having  more  than  SO  stamens  in- 
serted In  the  receptacle. 

Pol^gamomt,  producing  male,  female,  and  her- 
maphrodite flowers  on  the  same  plants. 

Polffpetatotu^  haTlng  many  petals. 

Pome^  a  fruit  composed  or  the  fleshy  tubular  part 
of  the  calyx,  and  crowned  by  the  persistent 
ilmb. 

Pouek.  a  small  bag,  or  sac,  at  the  base  of  some 
petus  and  sepals. 

PriciOe,  a  rigidopaqoe  process  terminating  hi 
an  acuto  point,  unconnected  with  the  woody 
fibre. 

Procumbent,  prostrate. 

Pmbermkmt^  clothed  with  spreadtaig  down. 

Pmbeteent,  covered  with  short  soft  nalrs. 

PtmUmredt  dotted. 

Pmiament  a  nut  of  many  cells. 

PyramUtO,  formed  like  a  pyramid. 

pyrenm.tL  kind  of  fruit,  synonymous  with  the 
term  Pome. 

PprifitnHj  shaped  like  a  pear. 


Q^adrmmgmiar^  having  foar  angles. 
Qmadrifariom.  arranged  in  four  rows ;  or  ranks. 
Qmmdr^,  four-parted ;  divided  into  four  paru. 
Qminqm^t  five-parted ;  divided  Into  five  parts. 


Raceme,  a  mode  of  inflorescence  In  which  the 
flKiwera  are  arranged  around  a  simple  filiform 
axis,  each  partlciuar  flower  on  iu  own  proper 
footstalk. 

Raeemutet  a  small  raceme: 

RackU^  the  common  footstalk  of  spikes  or  panidea 
of  flowers,  and  of  compound  leaves :  the  axis  of 
the  eooe  of  the  silver  fir  and  the  cedar. 

Mad^mi,  divided  like  the  rays  of  a  star. 

RadMCy  the  root  of  an  embiyo. 

Bamemlaoanu^  having  small  loose  scales  upon  the 
stem. 

Xmrnote,  branched. 

Eapke,  m  seeds,  the  channel  of  veaaels  which  con* 
nects  (he  chalasa  at  one  end  of  the  seed-vessel 
with  the  hllum  at  the  other. 

Jieeeptade,  that  part  of  the  fructlficaticm  which 
supports  the  other  parta. 

Recmrptd^  curved  tiaekwards. 

JU^HeMcd,  bent  backwards. 

Jtegma,  a  kind  of  seed-vessel,  three  or  more  odied, 
few-seeded,  superior,  dry,  the  crils  bursting 
fhmi  the  axis  with  dastidty  taito  two  valves. 

Rentform^  kidney-shaped. 

Bepimd,  when  the  margin  of  a  leaf  has  a  wavy 
undulated  appearance,  the  leaf  is  said  to  be 
repand. 

RepUcaie,  folded  back. 

BeUeulated,  net-like,  usually  applied  to  the  veins 
or  nerves. 

Retmee,  ending  in  a  broad  shallow  notch,  appear- 
ing as  if  bitten  off  at  the  end. 

RemflmUt  rolled  back. 

JUoinWc,  1  a  figure  approaching  to  a  diamond. 

RStg^  t*p(ng- 

RotaUt  wheel-shaped:  a  monopetalous  ooroUa, 
having  a  very  short  tube  and  a  fiat  limb,  b 
called  roteto. . 

RwtfiaeaU^  somewhat  rusty. 

Ritgo$e,  rough,  or  coarsely  wrinkled. 

Rwtdnate.  cut  into  several  transverse  acute  seg- 
ments which  point  backwards. 


S. 

Sagittate,  arrow-sh^ied,  shaped  like  the  head  ef 

an  arrow* 
S^»er'$kaped,  applied  to  the  calyx  or  corolla 

when  the  tube  la  long  and  slender,  and  the 

limb  fiat. 
Samara,  a  kind  of  winged  seed-vessel  mntajwing 

one  or  more  seeds,  aorrounded,  or  partially 

surrounded,  by  a  thin  transparent  memtirane. 
8amarideom$,  bearing  samarc. 
Sarmemtoce,  producing  trailing  stems  which  root 

at  every  Joint. 
Seabrou*,  rough  ftom  little  asperltlee. 
Seaie^  a  term  usually  applied  to  the  bracte*  of 

the  amentom  or  catkin ;  also  bracteas  of  conee» 
Scale-fitrmed,  having  the  form  of  scales. 
Soatff,  having  scales. 
Setmdentf  dunblng. 
Seapcy  a  stem  rising  immediately  fton  the  root. 

bearing  flowers  only,  or,  at  mott,  Itowen  and  a 

few  bracte«. 
ScorKMU,  dry  and  membranoua. 
Sa^iform,  formed  of  a  very  thhi,  hollow,  mem- 
branous aril,  containing  a  globolar  tna  aeed  fa» 

Its  cavity. 
Secuad,  arranged  on  one  side  <mly. 
Semit  half. 

Semta^^troue,  aeed-bearfne. 
Sepaloid,  resombllnK  sepals. 
SepaU,  divisions  of  the  calyx. 
SeptMdat,  dividing  at  the  diaaepimenU  to  admit 

the  esaqpe  of  seeds. 
Sept(ferotu,  having  aqita  or  portitiaQS. 
Serrate,  like  the  teeth  of  a  saw. 
SemOate,  finely  notched,  like  the  teeth  of  a  vaty 

fine  saw. 
Seuiie,  without  stalks. 
Seta,  a  bristle ;  a  strong,  stiff,  roundish  hair. 
Setacecm,  resembling  a  bristle  in  fMvu 
Setigerout,  bearing  bristles. 
Seloae,  bristly;  clothed  with  bristles. 
Sheath,  the  lower  part  of  a  leaf  or  petiole  whidi 

surrounds  the  stem. 
Shield,  a  broad  table-like  process  in  some  flowcn, 

also  the  seed-vessel  in  uchena. 
SOiele,  a  kind  of  pod,  short  and  round,  wMh  two 

valves,  and  having  VU  seeds  attached 

sutures. 
SHiqme,  a  kng  and  narrow  drr  seed- 
two  valves,  the  seeds  of  which  are  alteraal^ 

fixed  to  both  sutures. 
Simmated,  cut  Into  scollops. 
Smtu,  a  notch  or  cavity, 
Sonuie,  a  spike  or  raceme  converted  into  a  ieahy 

fruit  by  the  cohesion.  In  a  single  masa,  of  the 

ovaria  and  floral  envelopea. 
tthiueom*,  having  a  spsithe;  spathe-ltte 
r,  shuped  like  a  spatula. 
•late,  withered,  but  not  decayed. 

*ioate,  having  am  Inlloreaoenoe  in  whidh  the 

flowers  are  sessile,  or  nearly  so,  upon  en 

common  footstalk,  or  rachis. 
Spine,  a  thorn  which  proceeds  from  the 

not  from  the  bark  only. 
AtineeoenI,  furnished  with  spine-like  pr 
Soinmie,  a  small  serine. 
Spurred,  having  hom-like  , 

by  various  parts  of  a  flower. 
Squarroee,  ragged ;  scurfy. 
Staaten,  the  male  organ  of  a  flower. 
Slamtnodia,  scales  at  the  base  of  the  petals  In 

some  fiowert,  as  in  those  of  some  species  of 

lime: 
Standard,  the  iqiper  petal  tak  papUkmaoeoua 

flowers. 
Steiiaie,  radiating  in  a  star-like  manner. 
Stem-ekuping,  the  petiole  of  a   leaf  which  la 

dilated  so  as  to  enfold  the  stem  with  Its  base 

is  sidd  to  be  stem-clasping. 
St^,  the  stalk  of  the  germen  or  ovarr  within 

the  oonrfia  and  calyx ;  the  trunk  or  a  Irae- 

fem,  Ac. 
sanitate,  ibrniihed  with  a  stipe. 
Stioule,  a  small  leaf  or  membrane  at  the  base  of 

the  petiole. 


0L08SARIAL   INDEX. 


1141 


SUptdaie,  liaTliig  itlpiilei. 

8totonf/erou$,  bearing  runnen  which  root  ftt  the 

iolnts. 
Siomata,  pores  of  the  epldermU. 
Striated,  streaked. 

StHgose,  covered  with  little,  upright,  itlfrhairt. 
Strobile^  a  cone:  this  term  is  also  applied  to 

Indicate  the   kind  of  fhilt  produced  by  the 

magndla. 
Sfyie,  that  part  of  the  pistil  which  is  situated 

upon  the  mrmen,  and  elevates  the  stigma. 
Smb,  somewhat :  as  sub-^roimmd,  somewhat  round, 

or  rouncUsh,  ice. 
Stiffirnticote,  rather  shrubby. 
SutetUe^  Airrowed. 

SuraUt't  young  shoots;  suckers;  stems  of  mosses. 
Surculo$e,  producing  surculi,  or  young  shoots. 
Suture,  the  line  formed  by  the  coheuon  of  two 

parts,  usually  applied  to  the  fhilt. 
4wof»,  a  ieshy  rachis,   having  the  form  of  a 

flattened  disk,  or  of  a  hollow  receptacle^  with 

distinct  flowers    and  dry  perlcarpia,  as   In 

theflg. 


T. 

Tendr&$t  the  twining  organs  by  which  some 
plants  lay  hold  of  others,  as  the  vine. 

Terete,  long  and  round ;  straw-Uke. 

Terminal,  at  the  end. 

Ternary,  consisting  of  threes. 

Temate,  a  leaf  of  three  leaflets  is  called  temate. 

TesseUated,  chequered. 

Te$ta,  the  shell  or  cuticle  of  a  seed,  containing 
all  lu  paru. 

Tetragonal,  foar-«ngled. 

TUragommt^  having  four  angles. 

7*%r«r,   la.  mode  of  inflorescence  in  a  dense 

Tl^rmu,  S    or  dose  panide,  as  in  Uie  lUac. 

rAyrsoAi,  resembling  a  thyrse. 

Thfneii/Mis,  down ;  white  hairs  closely  matted 
together,  and  soft  to  the  touch. 

TVwAaI,  so  divided  as  to  resemble  teeth. 

Toatkleted,  having  small  teeth. 

T^mski^ted,  inversely  conical  i  having  a  contrac- 
aon  towards  the  point. 

lY^rfsKWf,  twisted. 

T\nrmlote,  liaving  slight  swellings. 

Toms,  the  receptacle  when  somewhat  elevated. 

lyaiUng.    See  Sarmenlote. 

Tn^fewidal,  bearing  a  resemblance  In  form  to 
that  of  a  trapesium,  or  quadrilateral  figure, 
whose  four  sioiBS  are  not  equal,  and  none  of  iu 
sides  parallel. 

TVapexoideo-cordaie,  a  form  betweoi  that  of  a 
trapesium  and  that  of  a  heart. 

TriekotomouM,  branches  dividing  Into  threes. 

Trifld,  three-cleft. 

Trlfbliate,  having  three  leaves. 

Truoiiolate,  having  three  leaflets. 

TrtgomU,  S-angled. 

Tr&gnouM,  having  three  styles. 

Tr&le-nerwd^  8-nerved. 

Trtquetrame.  8-sided. 

TrunetUe,  blunt,  as  if  cut  off. 

Tabe,  the  cylimLrical  part  of  a  flower. 

Tubercle,  a llttie  knob. 

TtUtereuUUet  covered  with  little  knobs  or  tuber- 
cles. 

Tnbulout,  having  a  tubular  calyx,  corolla,  nec- 
tary, stem,  or  leaf. 

T^itfted,  forming  a  dense  tuft. 

TSimid,  swelling. 

Turbinate,  top-shaped. 

J^irgid,  puflbi  up ;  swollen. 


U. 

UmbeOate,  having  the  flowers  In  roand  flat  heads, 

the  flower-stalks  proceeding  from  one  common 

centre. 
Umbellulet  a  small  umbel;  a  division  of  an 

umbel. 
Umbilieaie,  hollowed  like  the  navel. 
Umbiliem,  the  cord  which  attaches  the  seed  to 

the  placenta. 
Un^,  a  proiecting  point  fai  the  centre,  like  the 

bou  in  am  ancient  shield. 
Umbonate,  having  an  vxaSon, 
Unetuomi,iA\ji  fat. 
Undulate,  waved. 
Unguieulate,  furnished  with  a  daw,  or  an  unguis, 

as  the  petals  of  the  pink. 

Urceolm,  the  part  when  bdlying  oat  In  the  Ibnn 

of  a  pitcher. 
UtrioU,  a  little  bladder. 


V. 

VdUtate,  opening  by  valves. 

Fatvular,  consisting  of  valves. 

Faulted,  formed  like  the  roof  of  a  vault. 

Velvety,  covered  with  soft  down,  like  velvet. 

Ventrtcoee,  inflated ;  swdled  out. 

Vernation,  the  disposition  of  the  young  or  grow* 

ing  leaves  within  Uie  bud. 
Verrueou,  waited ;  covered  with  fleshy  processes, 

in  form  resembling  warts. 
Vertatile,  vane-llke :   an  antiier  flxed   in  the 

centre  on  the  point  of  the  filament,  so  as  to 

be  continually  changing  its  positlou.  Is  said  to 

be  versatile. 
Vertieel,  a  mode  of  inflorescence  in  which  tiie 

flowers  surround  the  stem  in  a  kind  of  ring, 

though  not,  pwrhaps,  inserted  on  all  sides  of  it, 

but  merdy  on  two  opposite  ones. 
VertkUiaie^  growing  in  whorls  round  the  stem. 
VexOlum,  the  standard,  or  banner  (the  upper 

petal),  of  a  papilionaceous,  or  pea,  flower. 
Villoue,  clothed  with  soft,  dose,  loose  hairs. 

Vi^,  J  c*«n»™y  •♦  «n»edve. 

VUtm,  longitudinal  ducts  or  canals,  containing  an 
oily  or  resinous  substance,  found  within  the 
coat  of  the  carpels  of  some  umbelliferous 
plants. 

W. 

Wany,  undulated. 

Wedge~$kaped^  inversdy  triangular,  with  rounded 
angles. 

Whorl,  a  disposition  of  leaves  or  flowers  round 
the  stem,  resembling  the  spokes  round  the  nave 
of  a  whed. 

Wingn  a  membranous  border;  a  membrane  at- 
tacned  to  some  kinds  of  seeds,  by  which  they  are 
supported  in  the  air  when  floating  from  place 
to  juace. 

Wtnged^  furnished  with  a  wins  or  wings. 

Winge,  the  side  petals  of  a  paplUoiiaoeottS,  or  pea, 
flower. 

WooUy,  covered  with  hairs  dosdy  matted  to- 
gether. 

WrinUed^  having  an  unequal  swboe. 


Z. 


Z4mv»  bending  from  side  to  side. 


4d  S 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Tht  ^ynanymo  —  In  iulioi ;  and,  fc>  th>  mkm  t£d»arum,  the ^^^    .  

Thow  who  wlih  to  Mt  any  luune  or  tfnoajmm  la  cwnne«too  wtth  111*  otMr  nainm  <v  naoiwiiwi  io  which  k  It  atllaa, 
lrouhlc«f  twrnbiK  tethadewiiptlaiMln  thebodyof  Um  wovfc.mayttmi  m  onoe  to  lh«  TabI*  or  Contanu,  hctwMu  p.  v. 
For  mainplo.  taanoiiag  H  were  ilodrad  to  naemrtaln,  with  th»  tout  poMlblo  mnhlOk  tho  pdilHrwi  of  CItfw  c^prtM  £«iik  i 
ctatnMi:  Chen,  the  pooc rcftmd  to  afttr  C.  c^piiiu  bahif  57.,  look  te  that  M|*  m  theooluamarpiigBim  thaTaUoor 
It  will  M  feund  In  too  mtddto  oolamn  of  p.  vli.,  whora  thin  mn.  oocnp/lnc  about  half  a  colvmn,  C  cfvitim,  and  all  titm 
I  and  vartetlaa  of  CUmm  gtinn  in  tha  wwfc.    Adjoining  is  tha  doariy  aUlad  ■cmii  HdUnthaanm,  whl^  abo 
ofClatati 


p.Na. 


AbeieTree     -       -    Si9 

A'biM  D  Don       •  1025 

A'biei  Link    -       •  1036 

J'biet  6lba  MIU.    -  1037 

ftlta  MickM,  -  lOaO 

n4iw  Diekmm    -  1030 

mmerledma    •       -  1035 

Ararilgt  Sitb.        -  1036 

tebaiiaiMa  Du  H.    1044 

httUtmlifera  Mlchz.  1044 

BHoMm^atM  UndL  1096 

etn-iUea  Booth      -  103S 

eal0rma  Hort.    -  1038 

onadensis  Mi*.     -  1036 

carp&iica  Hort.     -  1027 

(^ruM  Poir.         -  1057 

cephalAnicn  A,  B.  -  1039 

commJhN*  Hort.    -  1026 

phtduta     -       '  1027 

curvifiUia  Hort.    -  1030 

Deoddra  Llndl.     -  1069 

DouglJUii  L/iMtf.  -  1083 

Uxifblia     •       •  1033 

dumbsa         •       -  1086 

(legatu  Sm.  of  Ayr  1027 

exc§lsa  Link         -  1037 

•zc6lM  Dee,         -  1026 

carpitka    >       -  1027 

CUinbrasillina  -  1027 

sCrlcte     -       -  1027 

commiiQis         -  1026 

fblili  fariegitii  -  1027 

gigantda    -       -  1027 

monatrdM  -  1027 

mucronita  Hort.  1027 

nigra         >       -  1026 

ptadula     -       •  1027 

pjgmc'a   -       •  1027 

tenulf5Ua  •       -  1027 

M<AU  -       -  1036 

Frdseri  Undl.       -  1044 

gigantia  .Sm.  of  Ayr  1027 

grindit  Lindi.      -  1046 

heterophflla         •  1036 

hlrtella  Humb.      -  1036 

kirUUa  Lindl.       -  1050 

Ar«rm»/^rii  Thunb.  1036 

Khiicrow       -       -  1032 

Ldrix  Lam.  -        -  1053 

LuscombednaHort.  1039 

matidna  Wangb.  -  1031 

iidm*  Sieb.  -       -  1086 

Meniidsll  Doug.    -  1084 

MerCensl&na  Bong.  1086 

microcarpa  Poir.  -  1066 

monst'bta  Hort   -  1027 

Morimla  Hort.      -  1082 

ndna  Hort.  Soc.    -1027 

nigra  '  oir.    -       -  ia3i 

ndbUit  Lindl.         -  1047 

obliquiiU       .        -  1086 

obov<lt«  D.  Don    '  1029 

orientiUiA  Tunm.  -  1(^29 


Pieea  Llndl.  •       •  1097 

Ptoea  MilL    -        -  lOff 

peeiindta  Dec.       -  1087 

peetfndta       -       -  1082 

phuiiUa  Poir.        .  1056 

Plchta  PiKh.         .  1048 

Pimdpo  Bolt.       -  1041 

religidta  Undl.     -  1049 

rUbra  Poir.  •       -  1082 

caerCllea     •       -  1032 

siUriea-       -       -  1048 

sitch^nsis  HiMf .  -  1086 

Swtithidna  A.  B.  -  1032 

Smitkidna  Undl.  -  1038 

tarffblia  Hort.  Par.  1087 

UuifhUa  Hort.       -  1089 

Tanjblio  Flort.  A.  1044 

r4Wyd//o  Toum.  -  1087 

temKObUa  Sm.  Ayr  1027 

TAMtA^r/rii  Thunb  1036 

Tordno  Sieb.        >  1036 

trig6na  -       -  1036 

pulgdtu  Poir        -  1037 

Webbiina  Lindl.  -  1061 

AbiaioB         -       •    947 

Abr6Utn*$m  mas  Dod.  560 

Aedda  Pluk.  -       -    283 

americdna  Pluk.  •    250 

triaednikot  Hort  -    250 

Acerice*    -      •  79.  1112 

A>cer  L.     -      -  79. 1112 

borbdtmn  Hort.    -      86 

barbitum  Mx.       -     94 

Munimpdla  Hamil.      79 

campcstre  L.        -93 

auttrlacumTVitfl.     93 

oolllnum  WiMiir.      98 

(bUii  variegiiMs  .     98 

heboc4rpum  Dee.     98 

heterocarpum    -  1112 

Uerigitum  Lodd,      98 

nAniim  Lodd.     -     98 

rtibria        -       -1112 

cn»ad6n*e  Marth.-      81 

etnrolinianvmyfM.     92 

circin&turo  Pur$h  -     92 

eocaneum  Ait      -      92 

Gorclncum  Hort.  -     90 

c61ciiirum  Hartv.    1112 

rlibrum  Bose        -  1112 

eorideettm  Boac     -     38 

creticum  L.  -       -      94 

datycdrpumViWXd,      90 

erloc&rpum  Mr.     -      90 

adrldum  Hort.      -     90 

gUbrtun  Torr.    94.  1112 

glatica  Marsh.       •     92 

gta4$cum  Marth.   -      90 

granat6nae  Bait.  -      94 

grandidcnUtum  Nul. 

MSS.  -  -  94.  1112 
keteropbfit/nmWmd.  94 
hyrc&num      .       .      93 


'« 


OMenm  BMb. 

Ualwm  Lauth        •  89 

iKvigiitum  tVaO.  -  1119 

Unuifblimm  D.  Don  79 

tobdtum  Pitch.      -  88 

Lobim  Ten.         -  88 

hngifbUmm  Booth  86 

macrocirpum  Hort.  90 

macrophyllum  PA.  89 

mofUdnum  Ait.  80 

monspettul^um  L.  9S 

Negintdo  L.  -       ■  Itt 

M^rum  Mx. .       .  86 

obI6ngam  W'oK.    .  79 

oibtutfitum  Ka.    •  88 

corUceixm          -  88 

Ib^rlcum    -       •  88 

lobiture     -       -  88 

oblMtifbUum  Stb.  -  94 

O'paiut  Ait.-       -  89 

opuliflllium  .       .  94 

opflii(y3i{mifiHort.-  86 

palmatum  Tktmb.  90 

parvifidrum  Ehrh.  80 

parvlfbllum  Tansck  94 

pmMjy/vaiumiM  Dor.  80 

penm$^ioinknmlt,  81 

platandldct  L.      •88 

piatanoktra  G .  Don  88 

Hbo-9ariegdtum  H.  88 

atireo  Tar.  Hort.  88 

CTM^wm  Lauth  -  88 

laciniitum  Dee.  88 

Lobttil      .       .  88 

▼arlegltum        -  88 

Pie5do.Plitanut  L.  86 

ilbo-Tariegilta  *  86 

flftvo-Tarlejiitta  -  86 

longifMia          -  86 

haftcens  Hort.  86 

macr6ptera  Ib^/ne  86 

mlcr6piera  HtMne  86 

opuUf&IU  .       .  86 

purphrea  Hort.  -  86 

ttent'tptera  Ha^nt  86 

HJHr%m  Wang.  90 

rotundtjblium  L.     -  89 

rtibrum  A.     •       -  90 

IntermMium  Lodd*  99 

aacchtrinum  L.    •  85 

nigrum       •       -  85 

ftignfin  T.  &  G.  86 

tangtuneum  Spach  99 

ieinpervirnu  L.    -  94 

ipicatum  Lam,     -  80 

ttrUitam  L.  •       •  81 

taiAricum  L,         -  80 

tadricum       -       -  98 

tomentdsum  H.  P.  90 

triiobdtum  Hort.  -  86 

trUobdtum  Lam.  -  92 

trilitbnm  Mopnch  •  99 

trifbUum  Duh.      -  92 


tripartUnm  Mrt.94.  Ilfs 
yfl&wwwPretl       -      89 

vtTgSnMdmmn  Dq  H< 

.    90 

pitginidinmm  Hort.      99 
Adtgrdntke*  Fotik.  G77 

pa^b$a  Fortk. 
Adam'i  Needle 

€77 

not 

i<<f^ffa  Mich.  -       . 

714 

afmmfndta  Mz. 

714 

l^tfUrfiM  Mich.   - 

713 

ponilbia  JfiK. 

714 

Adenodrput  Dee,  - 
BolaalM  IFcW     • 

lf7 
927 

Acrfiffc— iBola.  . 

IntermMlaa  Dee.  - 

998 

parrllbUus  Dee.    - 

998 

telonfniii  Are.     - 

99S 

wotghuii  Sprvog. 
JSidMnSmeneRoacb, 
Aerate  Roxh. 

9«3 

986 

Pteud-Acdeia  Katb.  SS3 

£acaUicea      -  184. 1 

1113 

JE'iculus         -  IM.  ] 

1113 

atptenifbUanott. 

194 

catMmiea  Nutt.  • 

134 

ofniMHort 

196 

eocemea  Hort.     - 

196 

dSacolprPh.  - 

138 

0cM»ateMahL    - 

195 

>ldM  Ait.      -       - 

199 

gUhra  fFOid. 

117 

hUbra  Tor.  ft  Gray 
UippodUtanum  I» 

125 

194 

amerlcinum 

197 

an£nteo-Tar1c8^t. 
aarBo-Tarlegtem 

124 
194 

criapmn     -       » 

194 

a&re  piteo* 

194 

Indtum     • 

194 

nlgnm      -       • 

194 

pne^oox     - 

194 

nibic6nda-       -  1 

1113 

itriiUum 

194 

tortudtum  - 

194 

rH6/cdMdMi  Schii. 

196 

hkmOislMM. 

129 

ttfrdWang. 
MMcrMf ad^  Mz. 

130 
138 

uaUcta  Ltndl.     - 
ohlotetb  M«. 

131 

199 

oUi^iuft  Lfaidl.    . 

19S 

pfiUdaH'SUL 

197 

SlMa  WUld.       - 
>cMiL.       -       - 

195 
1» 

fidUcplorT.ttO. 

133 

maerocdrpa  IdoA. 

139 

r^ArwHajiM     - 
terraiA  Hort    - 

19n 

199 

parwifibra  Walt. 

133 

rbtea  Hort. 

196 

rbeea  Hort. 

197 

niUctbida  LoH.    - 

196 

97 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1143 


WaiaominaH.      -  196 

Agerta  Adanson     -  16S 

Agrifblmm  C\myt.  -  160 

vidgdre  Clayt      -  161 

A'jgmtscdtut^X.    -  673 

AiUnto  -        -       -  145 

AlULatusDe^.        -  14ft 

glanduldM /)«|f.  -  146 

procira  SaL  -  145 

Alai6mus       •       -  171 

tenmervirem  KorfiL  631 

Alder      ...  833 

Atexamdrian  Laurel  1 1 01 

Aa  SainU'  Cherry  -  381 

Almond  Tree  >        -  9G1 

A'lnus  Toum.    833.  1117 

acuminikta  H.etM  836 

americdna  hodA.  -  835 

iMrtAta  M«y.         -  836 

eamadifUitLodd.  -  836 

caataneifblia  HA^.  837 

cordAta  Ten.         >  836 

Gordif Uia  Lodd    -  836 

crispa  Pur»h         -  836 

denticuUu  Flaeh,  -  1117 

Jruiicbta  Schm.    .  836 

g^toliai  Mx.    .       -834 

glutlu6M  Gtertn.  -  833 

emarglDlita  WOU.  833 

fdllitTwrieg&tbii:  833 

imdM  Hon.      •  83S 

ladnikUi</t      -  833 

macrocirpa       -  838 

oxracanthcfblia  833 

quereifblU  WiOd.  833 

incina  ^//itf.        -  834 

anguUtaJA.      -  834 

gladca        -       -  834 

UcinikU  Lodd.  -  834 

jorrull^ntis  -       -836 

macrocdrpa  Lodd.  833 

obtufifblia  Roule  >  836 

ol>longilU  fyiUd.  -  834 

f&liU  ellipUcis  ill/.  834 

ovdia  lAidd.  .       •  836 

OtyacanUutfblia'L.  832 

lerrul&U  fri/ltf.    .  836 

undul&ta  Willd.    -  836 

•ubcordita  ATiiy.  .  836 

tU\eL\%Dee,  -       -  836 

AU^^aJrUtex        -  63 

AUtngia  Noronh.   -  932 

excHsa  Noronh.    >  933 

AmeUnchler3f.413.11I6 

Botryftplum  Ih:e.  >  413 

fl6rida  Z4fMtf.        •  414 

SarrlfMia  .       -  414 

lis  Dec.    '       -  413 

semMntegrifbUa  414 

•ubconUltH    414.  1116 

parvifldra  Doug.  413 

sanguinea  Dec.     .  413 

Tulg&ris  Maench    •  413 

American  AUspice  462 

American  Ash        >  616 

American  Elm       >  723 

Amer,  Honepiuckle  699 

American  Oaks       -  863 

American  Pines     .  969 

Amm^tine  Ph.      -  603 

bnsi/blia  Fh.        .  603 

L^oni  Swt.   -       -  603 

prostrdta  Swt.      >  603 

Am6rpha  L.  -         -  330 

can^Bcens  N««.    -  833 

crdceo-laniita        •  331 

fr&grans  Surt,        •  831 
frutic6ial..  .       .330 

angustifbUa  P«A.  330 
csrtilea  Lod.  Cat.  330 
emarglnita  Pursh  330 
Lewlsii  Lod.  Cat.  230 
gUbra  De^.  .       .830 

micrqpk§Ua  Pursh  231 

n&na'Vta/.     -       -  231 

nana  Sims    >       -  831 


f  pubtKtm*  Vvath     838 

Ampeldpsis  Af>.   139.141 

bipinnAta  Mr.       -    140 

botrya  Z>tfc.  .       -    140 

capreoUta  G.  Don     140 

cordjita  Mm.  .       -    140 

hedericeaAKr.      -    139 

hirsilU  Donn    .    139 

hir»iUa  Daan        -    140 

inclsa    ...    140 

ttuinquefbUaH.    -    139 

Amfgdalus  7.  -  261. 1114 

argenlea  Lam.      .    865 

Be$9eridna  Schott     26i 

cau^stri*  Be«ser     862 

oommilnis  L.        -    9C3 

am&ra  Dee,        >    863 

dfilcis  Dee.        -    864 

fl.  pldno  Bamm.  C  2i'A 

fbl  ?arieg.  JBanm.  264 

264 

864 

864 

264 

862 

263 

863 

863 

863 

263 

262 

865 

1114 

1114 

266 

267 

267 

286 

263 

262 

192 

192 

1113 

199 

199 

676 

676 

660 

669 

663 

666 

668 

671 

671 

663 

663 

670 

664 

564 

668 

669 

566 

663 

572 

664 

661 

662 

666 

666 

666 

666 

569 

669 

667 

661 

669 

696 

669 

666 

562 

566 

6GG 

665 

570 

564 

667 


friigilU  Ser. 

oujcTocirptk  Ser. 

perslofildes  Ser. 
fr^gUi*  Hell. 
georglea  Desf. 
inckna  Pall.  > 
nina  Z>.  . 

camptsCrls  Ser.  > 

ge6iig1ca  Dec.     - 

inedna  Guld.     • 

siblrica  Lodd.  - 
orientklis  Ait. 
PalUlsU  Ledeb.  . 
pethmculdta  Pallas 
p4r»ica  L.  .  > 
pinica  Lam. 

Necttirina  Alt.  - 
pkmila  L.     - 
tomentdsa  Lodd.  C. 
mUgiris  Dec 
Am  Ms  Car.  . 
pcl^gama  Car. 
Anacardikcew  -  184. 
Anagyris  Widl. 
inSca  Wall. 
Andrachne  Clus.    > 
TheopkrSuti  Clus. 
Andrdmcda  L. 
acumindta  Ait.     > 
anguttifblia  Ph.  - 
arodrea  L.  Sp. 
axiUdrit  SoL 
bryintha  L.  Mant. 
cteriUea  L  Sp. 
ealjfcuidta  L.  Sp.  > 

angustifbUa  Ait. 
caprieAda  Ham.     - 
coMsmtfdHa  Vent. 
cauhufdiia  fi  Vent. 
Catesbai'i  Walt.     - 
Cateabie^i  Walt.    - 
tfort^cira  Wllid.     . 
crispa  Desf.  - 
DiUtoe^cia  L.  Sjrst. 
deatbdta  Lindl.     - 
Drummondli  Hook. 
ericoides  Pall. 
ferruginea  Walt.  - 
ferruginea  Willd. 

aroorhcens  Mx. 

firuticbsa  Mx.     - 
Jloribiinda  Lyon   . 
/orrmwMftnaa  Bartr. 
frondbta  Ph. 
kjfpnoktta  L.  Sp.   . 
taurina  Mx. 
Itm^Y'd/ia  Pursh   - 
Ukctda  Jacq.  - 
lAcida  Lara.  - 
Igcopodibides  PalL 
mor/idna  Jacq. 
maridna  L.  Sp.    > 
margindia  Duh.   - 
ova^fbUa  Aslat.  R. 
09^0  Soland.   -    > 
paniculdta  L.  Sp. 


paniculdlt  Walt.       dSI 

polifblfa  Hx.        -    661 

poUbliaA.    .       .660 

angustif5Ua  Lad:/ .  560 

ericoides    -       -    560 

{ ;randifl6ra  Lodtf.   560 
atifblia  L<Mf(f.    -    661 
minima      -       .561 
reToIbULodtf.  •    661 
soAUca       .       .661 
strfcU        -       .561 
popul(fbUa  Lam.  >    669 
pultfcrmlinta  Bart.    664 
race MidM  L.  Sp.   .    566 
reticuldta  Walt.    .    669 
r^itfa  Ph.     .       .565 
rosmarlnifbUa  PA.     661 
apecibsa  Mx.         •    664 
g^trtScaWats.     .    664 
ni/NlcfPh.  .    664 

»fli/iwnitfi»fa  Ph.   564 
«p&ato  Wats.        .    669 
epinialSta  Fh.        -    669 
SteUeHdnaFM.   .    878 
texi^dtfa  PaU.        .    571 
tetragbna  L.  Sp.  -    5fi8 
WMeH  Vfittd.      .    569 
Andr6phita*  Wendl.     41 
lofaMlAM  WendL  •     41 
Androsse^mum  Cik.       77 
/or'/iVfifm  Bauh.    '.      75 
officinale  AUioni  -     78 
Angelica  tree  .       -    496 
Amteedtree    .       .      80 
Anonioese       .       .      38 
Annbna  triloba  U-      88 
Jfi^nynKW  Walt.     >    249 
/Hi/«scnw  Walt    >    849 
if><osPh.       -        .849 
/rntiscens  Fh.       .    849 
Apple      >        .       .    435 
Apricot  Tree  -        -    267 
AquifoliAcece    -  161.  1113 
Aquifbtitun  Catesb.     161 
carolminae  Catesbi    161 
Arali^cea        -  496.  1116 
Ardlia  L.        .    496,  497 
Jap6nlca  Thunb.    -    497 
sptndsa  L.    .        -    496 
Araudiria  J.  >  1061 

brasUlAna  Rich.    -  1068 
Cunninghftmii  iia.  1068 
Dombiyi  Rich.      -  1068 
exc^lsa^f//.  -       >  1063 
imbridlta  Pav.      -  1063 
lanceoldta  Hort     -  1066 
A'rbor  V^t«    -        -  1068 
A'rbutus  Comer.    -    678 
alpina  L.  Sp.        -    678 
AndrfichneZ!..       .    676 
serratifblia         >    676 
andrachnoidea  Lk.     674 
buxifblia  Stokes  >    577 
denslfldra  U.  B.  ^  K.  676 
JUifSrmia  Lam.      -    681 
hfbrida  i>r  >    674 

MlUeri  Mofet   -    676 
inlegrtfblia  Lam.      976 
microphOlta  Forst.     679 
imtcronata  L.  f.    .    678 
nepal^nsis  llojfle  .    676 
piidM  Graham     >    979 
procdra  DougL     .    676 
pUmila  Forst        >    679 
aerpyllifblta  Lam.     679 
aerratifblia  Nois.  •    676 
sp<*ci5sa  D/cAwm  •    576 
toment<)sa  PA.      .    576 
nOda  ^ooA.  A  Am.  676 
U'nedo/..     -       -    573 
&lbus  Ait.  -       .673 
crlspus       .       .    674 
integrifblius  5£riu   674 
pltous  Ait.         -    573 
rbber  Ait.  -       -573 
sallcifdllus.        '    674 


4  D  4 


schiiop€Calus     .  674 

IPva-Hrai  L.  Sp.  .  677 

Arctost&phylosildaiu.  677 

alpina  Spreng.  -  978 
nitida  JJbilA.         .1116 

pdngens  H.  B.    678.  1 1 16 

tomentbaa  Lindl.  >  676 

U>a-(ir8i  Spreng*  677 

austrlaca  Lod.   -  677 

Arginla  Jtem.        -  688 

Sider6xvlon  lUem.  638 

^'HaL'Ob.    .       '438 

TkeopkrdaU  L'Ob.  458 

Arlstolochi^esB      .  701 

ArUtol6chU  L.       -  701 

anacrophGUa  Lam.  701 

slpho  Z.']tf£rtlr.      .  701 

tomentbsa  S.         .  708 

ArUtotdlia  I..         -  188 

glandulbaa  R.  ft  P.  1 83 

M&cqui  2,'tf^ri/    -  188 

fbliU  Tariegfttis  .  183 

Armenlaca  Toum. .  867 

atropurpkrea  Lois  268 

brigantlaca  P.       -  870 

dasyc&rpa  P«rff.    -  868 

persiciOlla  Loia.  869 

pedunculita  Led.  >  270 

peraici/blia  Don*sM.  869 

sibfrlcaP^f.        .  269 

Tulg&rls  Lam.       -  867 

cordifblla  iSer.    .  868 

fldre  pidno  Hort.  868 

fbl.  Tariegfttis  if.  868 

OTalUbUa&r.    -  868 

Arbnia  Pers.  -       -  447 

arbutifblia  Pers.  -  447 

Botri/dpium  Pert.  418 

ovdUaV&n.           -  413 

pyrifblia  Pers.      •  446 

aanguinea'SMtl.    -  413 

aubcorddia  Raf.    -  414 

rotunOifblia  Pers.  418 

Artenkisia  Caaa.      >  649 

Abr4tanum  L.      .  650 

hikwWe  Hort.     -  660 

tobolskiitnum  H.  650 

arbor6scens  L.      .  660 

procdra  fV,   -       .  660 

SantOnicaL.         -  660 

tobolskikna  L.C.  -  650 

Artoc4rpefle     -       -  706 

Asclepiadiices        >  1117 

Ash         ...  639 

Aah'berrp       .       •  60 

Asimlna  ^doiwtm  .  88 

grandifldra    .       .  89 

parrifldra      .       -  39 

trdoba  Dun.         -  88 

Aspen     -       .       -  821 

Astr4galns  Dee.  946. 1114 

oAa/ciM  Lodd.  Cab.  846 

ariatdtua  L*H«rit  846 

brevifbUua  Bot.  C.  246 

Aruticbsiis  Dec.      -  1114 

mauHiin$ia  Lam.  846 

Tragacontha  Z,.  .  346 
?tmineus  i><v.       -1114 

Atr&gene  -  16.  1111 
alpina  Gmel.  ft  PalL    17 

alpina  L.       -       >  16 

siblrica  L.  -       -  17 

sibirica?    -       .  26 

americina  Sima    -  17 

obllquaDcMS  MS.  17 

austriaca  Scop.  -  16 
eirrkbsa  Pers.  .  13 
clematidea  Grants  -    16 

columbUna  ^twfiL  >  17 

JIdridaFen.    •     -  10 

htdieaDeit.  >  .  10 
macropdtala  L.  67. 1111 

oehotinaia  Palla»  •  17 

atbMco  L.     '       -  16 

Atrapbixis  L.        -  G'40 

spln&sa  L.     -       .  (i80 


I 


1U4 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Paat 

undul4uX.  -       -680 
A'triplezL.   -       -676 

wuurittmut  Ray       -    676 

portulaoiOdei  L.   -    676 

AUcuba  Tktmb.      -    611 

Japdaica  rAttiiA.     -    611 

Auraiitaoec  •       -1113 

Avignon  Btrry      -    173 

A'apriM  L.       •       -    607 

etrtUSidet  Lin.      -    677 

AiprBkirt  Bom        -    844 

AaiaaDow    -       -    601 

arbdrea  Bartr.      -    696 

arbdrea  lAn.  8p.  -    599 

arbortscens  Ph.    .    A96 

bicolorFunh        -    694 

catrmhUdcea  Mx.      696 

yS^^nUaHort.     -    995 

canfMCens  Mx.       -    596 

coectnea  Lodd.  C.      597 

/ermginea  Hort.  -    590 

{lo^a  Ph.    -       .696 
ispidaVh.  -       .697 
lappAnica  L.         •>    590 
Mi/ka  Ph.     -       .597 
nrndifldra  L.  Sp.    .    699 
oAa  Alt.    .       .596 
Mco/orAlt.        .    694 
cdmemAlt.        -    60S 
eoccinea  Alt.      .596 
ff^UtfoMAit.       -    596 
perid^menb'idesUx,  599 
a/ftuPh.     .       .598 
cdmea  Ph.        .    598 
papilionicea  Ph.    598 
partita  Ph.        .698 
poly&mdra  Ph.   .    698 
rfttfibjuPh.       -    698 
^AdM  Lam.  >    601 

pdnOea  Lin.  Sp.    .    699 
proctimbens  ^     >    601 
«perA«aWi1M.      -    697 
vUt^sa  L.  Sp.       •    695 
Jloribtmda  Ait.  •    696 
gia^ca  Alt.        -    697 
Aslra/LftP.        .    164 
dtntkbkASrP.    .    IM 
integriRyiia    .       -184 
Aiarole  Thorn       -    868 
Biccharb  A.  A^.    .    646 
angiutifblla  PA.    .    647 
balimifblla  L.       .    647 
Baliamiuxs    .       .931 
BaptUia  HwA.        -    199 
nepalinsiM  Hook.  -    199 
BatkotOder  .       .    748 
Bastard  Indigo       .    980 
BanmgartiaMeen^     41 
sedndient  Mcench  -     41 
Bearbeny       .       »    6T7 
Bear  Oak        .       -    876 
Beech     ...    906 
J?^A«SalUb.    -       .  1066 
iacul^fbUa  SaUOi.    1065 
JSrtfd«M  Adams      .    143 
BeiOamin  Tree       •    686 
BenthAmia  L.         .507 
fragffera  XnMfA     >    608 
JapOnica        .       .508 
Benioin  .       .    685 

Berber4oe«  .  49:  1111 
BerberisL.  .49.1111 
actlnac&ntha  Mart.  47 
Oftnintti  Presl  .  42 
attdieaVa.  •  -  49 
angustifbUa //arfur.  1119 
angutitfdtia  Roxb.  49 
AguifbiiumVh.  .  51 
Afntfblium  LindL  53 
ripens  Tor.  ^  O.  53 
asiAtica  Boxb.  .  49 
bux1f5lia  Lam.  -  47 
canad^nsli  Mill.  .  45 
chlndnsis  GUt.  -  49 
CUiria  Buch.        .      49 


CorlArIa  Bovie  .  49 
corymbbsa  H.^A.  49 
craUB'gina  Dec.  >  46 
cr6Uca  L.  -  .44 
busifblia  Toiim.  .  44 
dealMU  LindL  >  48 
dfilds  2>.  Don  .  47 
emarglniU  »YIU.  44 
empetrlAlia  Lam.  48 
/a«;i^KiarMPen.Cfe.  60 
gla6ea  Booth  •  43 
gickca  Hort.  *  48 
ftemacMPeD.CTC.  69 
glomerkta  tf.  4  -^^      ^ 

C '6efU$  Haitw.  -  fill 
rerllleiuia  0//I  -  49 
l/0r<i(^«t(  Benth  .1119 
heterophf  11a  Jns.  .  48 
ib^rica  510*.  .  .  45 
mafbUa  Forst  •  48 
innomindta  Kalm  .  43 
Umeeoldta  Benth.  -  1119 
tnocfocarpa  of  some  49 
MtfTvdsa  Ph.  -  .  59 
pkmiUa  Lag.  -  50 
r^pcNC  Pen.  Cyc  >  58 
niscifblia  Lam.  .  49 
slbirica  PalL  -  49 
sinensis  Deaf.  >  46 
«Ai«iudt  Desf.  .  49 
tinhui*  Wal.  .  46 
iriaupiddta  ^m.  .  48 
fr(MU«i  Hartw.  .  111! 
Mittdnbt  Mx.  -  46 
vai£aHt  Thunb.  .  46 
TulaArUZ^  .  -  49 
6Iba  ...  48 
asp6nmi  .  .  43 
canadtmU  UMXt.  45 
dtUcis         .        -      43 

S(la(ica       .       .     43 
bMca  Dec.      •     46 
ionglfblla  .       .     43 
liitea ...     43 
mltis ...     43 
nigra*       .       .      43 
provlnciklU        -     48 
purvlirea    .       .      43 
TioUioea      .       .     43 
fol.  purpiirels  tf  .  1111 
Berberry         .       .     49 
Berchteiia  N,        -    169 
TolAblUsDn;.       -    170 
BetuUcese       -  832.  1117 
B6talaTo«na.    838.1117 
acunUndta  VMxh. '    840 
irtn^Mlt  Rafln.     >    837 
ilbaL.  •       .    838 

dalecirllcaL.     .    889 
f?>liU  variegltis  .    889 
macroc&rpa  Hmi.  839 
p^ndulaAn.       -    838 
p6ntfca      .       .888 
pub6soens  Rkrh.    888 
urticifblia  .       .839 
A*lmoBttmIaVta.    836 
J'Imw  Lin.  .       .832 
eritpa  Mx.         -    835 
htehnalAn.       -    834 
ant&rctiea  Forst.  .    910 
canadhuis  Lod.    .    849 
earpin(/bUa  Bhrh.     844 
erlspa  Ait.     .        .836 
dadricaPotf.         -    840 
ematvfndta  Ehrb.     889 
Bxc&nH.Kew.  -    843 
canadimts  Wang.  840 
frutic6«a  PoiV.       .    840 

Slanduldsa  A/.  .  841 
ftm//ij|  Schr.  .  840 
^Ncaaa  Lin.  .  -834 
gMea  A\t.  -  884 
lacnUdtaljQA.  .  841 
laneeoUUa'i^mt.  .  849 
16ntaL.  .  .844 
tfiiteDuRoi        -    841 


mea  Mx.  .  .  »S 
ra6llb  Umdi.  .1117 
nina£.  .  .840 
strtcUZodl  .  •  841 
isanaKalm  .  -840 
Smeebrum  Brom.  840 
nigra  JS.  .843 

M^DuRoi  .  844 
oodta  Sch.  .  -836 
paitttrig  pmmila  .  840 
papgr^feraMx.  .  849 
papyricea  ilcT.  -  849 
msca  .       .849 

pUtyphf Ila  MMt.    849 
tricbdclada  M»rt    849 
pAsdtelaLod.        .    841 
^MnlaBoth        •    838 
pdntica  .       .    838 

populirMIa  ilAL      .    841 
UndnttU  .       -    841 
pfodula      .       .841 
pubSteens  Bhrh.    .    838 
pOmila  L.     .       .    840 
qnebectSnsii  S6tiT.     840 
rUra  Lod.    .       -    849 
rugdsa  Ehrh.         .    835 
terrmidta  Ait.       .    835 
urticildlU      .       .    838 
eerTHcdMEhrh.    .    838 
virMi«Hofft.         -    836 
9irkU$ya.    .       .834 
B^mrream  .978 

B&eld9idUx,        .    713 
iSiUtrinaUx.      -    713 
porulbsaAwM     .    714 
JKgLamrei     -       -     99 
Blgn^nla  Totir.      -    660 
BignbnialJn.        .    661 
capreolAta  L.       •   660 
CaidlpaUn.  •    669 

ekitUnm  Lam.Dlct.661 
ftrattmOWaCaltab.    661 
grandiflira  Th.       661 
rodkoiu  Lin.       *    661 
mitforHort.       .    661 
tomentdta  Thunb.    671 
Bilberry         •       .604 
Birch      ...    837 
Bird  Cherry  -    889 

BtnCM-rpe  MapU  -  86 
Birthwort  •  .701 
Bitter  Almond  >  963 
Bittersweet  -   664 

Black  AA  -  .199 
BUtekbcrry  -    816 

Blackheart  Cherry  .  977 
Black  Ital.  Poplar  .  896 
Black  Walnut  .  736 
Bladdemut  •  •  147 
Bladder  Senna  .  944 
Bonafidia  Neck.  .  990 
Bdrya  If^.  .  .  713 
acuminita  -    714 

Ug<istrlna  IF.  .  713 
poruldsa  IF.  >  714 
BoM  Alder  .  .199 
Box  Thorn  .  >  666 
Aw  Tkom  •  .170 
Box  Tree  .  .708 
BramUe  -  -311 
Brid4-wort  -  .807 
Broom  .        *    919 

Broossonttia  Van,    710 
cmemUdta  Bon  J.  .    710 
nawienU^tljodA.-    710 
pqiyrifera  Veni.  .    710 
cucuUita  .    710 

fHSctu61bo        .    711 
tpatmfdia  H.  Br.  .    710 
Bryinthus  Omel.  .    671 
OmMlniD.Doji   -    971 
Stalled  D.Don  .    679 
Bnck'tkom     .       .170 
BdddleaL.     .       .670 
capitJkta  Jaoq.       .    670 
globifidra  N.  Duh.     670 


Bumiiia 

dlrjwapAfffgMfy  ni.<a4 

lyciSldBsa«r«i.    . 

oUoogilblia  IfKtf . 

recUnlU  VemL      - 

tteax  Wau. 
BopMlrum  IWna. 


ihitfscens  Z^ 
frntlo&sum  lt» 


Spreng.  .  496 

JHitied$a  Spnoig  .  «s» 

Butcher's  Broom    .  10S9 

Butter-nut      .       -  735 

Button  wood           -  544 

Bfixus^.       .        -  7«B 

baleirica  WOU,  704 

MmUMi  Dod.         .  704 

lemperrlrena  L,  -  7B3 

angwdlMJaAftfC  70B 

TariegitaiH  708 

«rbor£soensMilir  7D8 

argfoteaHprC  70S 

aarea  HorL  -  908 

g^mlesN.Doh.  70« 

marginiutf0r«.  709 

myrtifblli  iam.  304 

mdna  N.  Duh.  .  7DC 

•uflHiticteajrdl.  704 

CabbagtBote 

CaUigoonm  L. 

PauiaU  L'fliMr.  .  eao 

lesPaU.      680 

itrte  r.         .  ion 

cuprCMifSnaU  F.  lon 
FothergflU  .  .  lon 
macrottkchym  A.  1071 
quadrivtiria  Fern.  1071 
trfquetra  >  .  1071 
Calllkna&l. 


Cfifll 


TUhtillS&l.' 

flba 


adrea 


dectfmbena        . 

fldre  plteo 

fbLvartegitta     > 

poipdrea  . 

•erotlna  .   66Cf 

splciu  .  a» 

q»dria       .       .   63S 

tomentbia        •    659 

CafoMfyya  Sincb   .   4«8 

«af%t«il»ea  Spach  > 

Calopbaea  fi«c*.   . 

wolgirka  Fli$dL 

Calycanthioese       .   4fl 

CalycfothusL.      -    46il 

JtrofUx.     .       .   4M 

yfrtWiiWalL        .   45« 

AMdusL.  .    469 

acpl«DllbUus  L.C.  498 


458 
468 
463 
4JI8 
463 


488 
454 
454 
454 


Arax  L.  C. 

Radons  L.C    * 

uodbruB  L.  C  . 

lonaUbUus  L.C. 

obl6ngnsD«c   . 

ortais  Dec. 

Tarlegjttni  L.C. 

gUticns  WiUd.     . 

brrlgitus  W. 

oUongifbUm  Hort. 

penmaglmamiem  L.C  454 

ptf'cwL.  Sp.     .   486 

sf^ftKiWalt         .    468 

CalMediMmeUL      .    9S1 

Vd/dMiLk.  .    911 

Candleberrylfyrtle    984 

Capparldicea        •  1118 

Caprifollicea        .    611 

Caprifbihm  Gsnrt.     589 

aSimmmGmn.'  689 


GENERAL.    INDEX. 


1145 


tOphrnmhtm,      -  S^ 

baifArinan  Dum.-  Md 

hraetebntm  Mx.  -  &30 

ctefiUeum   Lam.  -  640 

ckhUnte  Hort.  Br.  634 

cttUMUH  Doug.     .  688 

dlibnum  Ph.         -  633 

dioicmm  R.  &  S.  -  680 

Dtmgldtii  LlndL  -  6S0 

dume^>rum  Lam.-  617 

etrHsettm  K.^eS,'  828 

JIdvumVM.           -  699 

JUxudtum  Hort.  -  684 

Fy-a$eriFh.          -  628 

glaUcmm  Moench  -  680 

grdhtmFh.          -  681 

lUtpidtammLiDai.'  680 

&mplf»um  R.  &  S.  -  629 

Jt^»&tiicmn  DUon  684 

J^kinicum  H.Brit.  633 

Umf!l(/ldnim  Skto.-  634 

nepathue  H.  Brit.  634 

ocddentdieUvM,-  632 

parvifidrum  Punh  630 
jPeW<c<,^^»i«mMnR(Bm  .627 

pMbficeus  Goldie-  629 

pvretuUeum  Lam.-  686 

roMtimLam.        -  636 

ttwptt  vu  ctu  Hx.  -  631 

tjfMUiemn  Lam.  -  627 

viUdtum  ILEA  K.  633 
CaraganaL.       237.1114 

Alts^tDAPoir.     •  S88 

JUagdnapor.  Fair,  238 

arboresceiu  Lam.  887 

In^rmis  Hort,  -  238 

arcnAria  DoiM      .  239 

argtntea  Lam.      •  848 

Cbamliffu   Lam,  841 

if^fttdlaXiam.        -  339 

Jirog  Lam.           -  840 

fhit§fc«it  Dee.  -  839 

anetiitifblia 

ladRtUa      - 

mdUiM  Dec. 
GerardUna  Aylff.  1114 

ifraiidlfl6ra  Dee.  -  841 

vhkUi  Pair.          -  841 

mlcroph^lla  D.  -  238 

fNi^cnwA^iXaLam.-  838 

m6Ui»jSeu.         -  839 

pygmc^a  D<w.      -  840 

areniria  Fitck,  •  240 

Red6wikiD.        -  838 

prte^oox  FUck.  -  839 

tiSfHca  Ray          •  337 

•pin6sa  Dec.         -  340 

tragacanthdldcf    -  840 

CirpinufZr.           .  916 

CdfTrfnw  Matth.    -  917 

amerlcina     •       •  918 

B^uluaL.    .       -  917 

Carpiniisa  Hort.  919 

betarophfUa     •  917 

i£clsaZ^.        -  917 

guere(tblia  Deaf.  917 

▼aric«itH  Lod.  -  917 

Cagfoea  LAtd/.      -  919 

moKtitntt  Bl.         -  916 

orientiUls  L.          .  918 

0'«frya  Hort.       .  920 

O'ffrya  Mlchx.     -  980 

virgmidna  Mx.  -  990 

Tung^TTMi  Bl.      .  916 

riminea  Lindl,     -  919 

vHrgMitna  Abb.  -  980 

virgmi&na  Michx.  918 

CdrraNtttf.    -       -  736 

ilbANutt.     .       -  789 

amibn  Ntiit,          -  787 

amblgua       -       -  742 

aqulLtlca  Nuit.       -  737 

miegrifhtia  Spr.  -  742 

mlcrocftrpa  Nttti.  -  742 

myriitica!f6ni)lB  ^.  741 

olivasffirmi*  Nutt.  736 


poreltwXMf.       -  740 

gUbra        .       -  741 

jmbeseemlMk.    •  742 

HM$            .       -  749 

tuldlta  iV«tf<.        -  739 

tomentdaa  Nmtt.  -  738 

mfixima  NuU.  -  739 

Citia  LaiimdrmmA\.^^ 

CsuindnD.Dom  -  668 

angiutir&Ua  (r.Don  668 

calycuUtaD.  Do»  668 

latlfbUa  1,0(1      .  668 

xduu(8im*          -  668 

Tcntricdfla  Simi  663 

Caasito  .       .849 

CoMhte  Walt         -  164 

carolmiAna  Walt.-  164 

Pardgma  L.          .  619 

Perdgua  Mill.  le.  162 

•era  Walt.  .         .  162 

Caulope  Don.       .  661 

ericoldes  D.  Don  -  662 

farti^iUaD.Doit  -  663 

hypodldea  D.  Don  661 

lTCopodl61desD.Doi»  ^68 

Red6wskl  G.  Don  663 

tetragbna  D.  Dew  668 

CasUDea  T.  -        -  46 

argtntea  A{.          .  916 

chm^nBit  Sprefig.  -  916 

Pagui  Scop.         .  906 

glatica  ilbr/.        -  913 

heteropMUa  Hort.  912 

indicaifov.  -       -  914 

inkTm\%  Lindl.      -  916 

jaTinicaitf.  .       .  916 

fuK^tceof.       -  916 

mimtiiia    -       •  916 

iadnidtaUon.     -  912 

marUbtoica  WaU.  916 

Silmila  WtUd.       -  914 

loxbdrghiiZnufl.  916 
«alrc^/r^  Hort.    .918 

uUkaa  Mill.           .  916 

•phcroc&rpa  Lin.  916 

tribuHndea  Lindi,  916 

v^M»  Michx.         -  918 

T6sca6«rr.  .       .  913 

americibu         -  918 

aiplenifblia  Lotf.  918 

cochleilU  /.odL  -  918 

fbUitaHreii  Lod.  913 

JbUtMHtddi*      -  918 

glatica  Horf.      -  913 

gUbraixNf.       -  918 

varienlta  ifor/.-  913 

pu^drts  Lam.       •  916 

CatflpajMM.          .  668 

ft/gwoft^ldn  Walt.  663 

cordifbUa  tUnit.     -  663 

suringa(fbUa  Sfans.  663 

CeandthuaL.     180.  1113 

ameridlniM  L.  -  180 
herbdceuB  T.hG.  180 
intermddlus  180.1113 

Pitcherir.^G.  180 

astreut  Derf.       •  180 

iDt«rmddiua       •  181 

bicohrYf\\\d,       -  180 

ceeHUew  Lag.       -  180 

colilnus  Doug.      •  188 

nUermitUtUtHort.  IHl 

nUermidiut  Pursh  180 

oregdmus       -       -  183 

ovfiii     .       .        -  183 

ovdiue  gfdneua  R  181 

ovdtuM  Detf.  -       -  IHO 

per4nni9  Purih.    -  180 

langufneiu    -       .  1H2 

thyrslfl6rui  Eseh.  181 

relutlnus  Doi^.    -  181 

Cedar  of  Ooa  >       -  1076 

Cedar  of  Lebanon  •  1067 

Cedrila  Lour.        -  489 

Cddrus  Barr.         -  1057 

am^era  BAuh.     -  1067 


I 


Deodira  220*6.  -  loS 
LlbAni  Barr.  -  10ft7 
fbliis  argfoteis  -  1068 
niua  ...  1009 
m^na  Dod.  -  1067 
phoenlcea  Mai.  •  1068 
phcenicea  Ren.      -  1067 

Celaitrdoeae    -       -    149 

Celistnu  L,  -  .164 
buUituiPlKik.  .  164 
nepalinsis  Lodd,  •  164 
pyracanthifblius  L,  164 
scindens  X.  -       .164 

C61tis  Totem.  •  787 
asp^a  Lodd.  >  789 
auairdiis  Vrmd.  -  739 
auttrftlUL.  •  .797 
cantseensH.AB,'  1117 
caucadca  fV.  .738 
oorddtaDett.  .  780 
cordifbUa  L'H6rit.  730 
craulfblla  Xom.  .  730 
bevigita  HOtd.  -  780 
oAOofia  Moeoch  .  739 
occtdenUUlii  L.  -  729 
cordau  WiUd.  .  279 
icabrUicttla  fPOU.  729 
orientdUs  Hort.  •  789 
orieniiUisMm,  -  738 
tenuffbtia  Ttrt.  -  729 
pilmilaPA.  -  .  781 
sintetis  Peri,  >  739 
«^«^>wik  Wllld.  .  789 
ToamefSrtU  Lam.  738 
WUldenoTltoa  8,      739 

CephaUnthnt  L.     >    644 

ooddentUla  JL.     -    644 

brach^podtti  D.     646 

opposU^fSOm  U.   .    644 

cSumJM$$.  876.1114 
acomlnato  IVaU.  .  893 
iapera  -       .887 

dvium  Moench  .  877 
boreilU  Mm.  -  383 
Chamaec^rasuf  L.  883 
chlcasalfr.  -  .886 
canadensis  Loi»,  •  894 
Cap611inDec.  .  298 
capriclda  O.  Dow  .  398 
capronidna  Dec.  .  278 
carolinidna  Mx.  .  996 
depr^sa  I  A.  .984 
durdcma  Dec.  278 

eUlptica  I.o<f .  -  294 
glaaduldsa    -       .287 

fiaiica  Mceuch      -    984 
/uaW.etB.       .    994 
kortfnsii  Pers.      .    878 
hdmills  Mot.        •    287 
hyemillt  3f;r.        .    986 
incIsaZ.oA.  -       -    887 
iniermidta  Fob.  -    389 
jap6nica  £o<i.       -    986 
multiplex  5^.  .    986 
Juiidnalkie.        -    Wl 
heaumiinaD.    .    978 
Laurocerasns  Zr.  -    996 
aogustlfdUa  tf.  .    996 
c6lcbica     .       -  1114 
EmtritU    -       -  1114 
Tariedlta  HmrL  -    996 
lusit&nJca  I,ou .     -    894 
Hixa&r.  -       -    894 
MahAlebJfOl       -    888 
frtictu  IUto  ff.  .    888 
kuifdlium  Hort,     888 
mdllisDoftf.         .    393 
nepal^nsls  Ser.      -    298 
nigra  LoU.    -       -284 
Ml^ra  MiU.  Diet.  -    977 
PldasDrc.  -       -    889 
bractedsa&r.    -    290 
fr^ctu  ribro  Dec.  290 
parrifldra&r.    -    290 
rObra&r.  -    290 

vulgiiris  Srr.      -    890 


887 
283 
888 
286 
887 
883 
383 
384 
887 
881 
391 
398 
881 
387 
377 
378 


panlcaUU  X^«.  .  S 
peonsylTioica  L.  .  386 
penlcifblla  jLof«.  • 
Phobia  HamOt.  - 

frostrilta  Ser. 
'leiido-C^rasiis  L. 
gibiscens  Ser. 
dddom  Boxb.     . 
pdmila  Mx,  . 
ptetAs  C.  Baoh.    . 
pygmai^a  Lot*. 
saUcina  O.Don     . 
lemperfldrens  Dee. 
ier6tina  I.o<i. 
retCksa  Ser. 
serruUta  O.  Don 
sinensis  O.  Don    > 
qrWI^stris  Bank.    . 
duridna  fl.  pitoo 
wuttUdta  Dec. 
vlrginiiUia  Mx,     . 
TOlsplris  MM. 
flore  pldno  Hbrl 
flftre  semiplteoH. 
fblils  rarieg.  Ht, 
martacba  > 
portlcUR»ra  Hort. 
Ceratoepfrtman  P. 
pappbtmm  Pers.    . 
Ceratlola 
eric^des 
C^rdslr. 
canadensis  L. 

pub^scens  PJI.  . 

SiUquistrum  L,    • 

fibre  ilbido 

panrilUkrum  Dee. 

rdaeum 

CkrnnomeleeUoaL 

J^&nieaUadl.     . 

CkoHUKiratnt  Del. 

tf^PVnia  Delarb.  . 

ottnuea  Delarb    . 

ftmticbia  Pers.     . 

NllfraDeL     . 

CkamteledonLk.    . 

proeimbent  JJl,    . 

Chaste  tree    . 

Chen(q[MdIice« 

Chentoodiwn  L,   - 

Jimtitaemm  Bkb.  - 

fruticdtum  Sekrad. 

nUcrcmkplUan  Bleb.  676 

parrlA^lIum  &.^S.    678 

Cherry    ...    KG 

Chestnut        .       .911 

CJUan-twrpenHnetree  186 

Ckiii  Pine       .       -  1U63 

CUmoniUathasLwif/.  454 

frilgrans  L«>tf  .     .    456 

KandiildrusLln.    465 
teuslbrlL 
parrlflftras  Hort. 
Ckmaro$e 
Chincapin 
Chionintbus  L, 
▼trginica  L,  » 
angnstUblla  Aii. 
latUblia  Cat.  Car, 
vaatMmmPmrtk 
montdna  Pursh 
tr^daMoeadtk 
Christ's  thorn  - 
Chry$ob6trffa  Spach 
AHfrmMto  Spach 
JUiNd&ydiMi  spad 
rnv/ftla  Spach      . 
Glfym)pA^MM0n  J>cq. 

gldbrum  Juss. 
Cineritria  L.  Sp.    . 

nuuritima  L.  Sp.   . 
Cissus  X*.        .       * 

AmpelSpxta  Pers.  - 

kederd^  Ph. 
kfraida  Ph. 


391 

878 
879 
879 
879 
880 
879 
677 

en 

1098 
1093 
866 
368 
859 
867 
857 
257 
367 
468 
463 
638 
639 
640 
388 
636 
601 

e(»i 

673 
676 
676 
676 
676 


466 

466 
341 
914 
634 
634 
684 
634 
634 
634 
684 
168 
488 
488 
486 
487 
684 
684 
684 
661 
661 
141 
140 
138 
140 


1146 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Pm« 

orienOUi  Lmm,    -  141 

qmimqm^bUa  H.  P.  140 

atAtu  Per*.    -       -140 

CisOoec         .       .  54 

CliCiuL.        •       •  54 

AMdu9  Hon.        .  ftS 

i^pem»kmu$  L.         -  S9 

oorbarifotU  Pair.  55 

cr€tlcui         -       >  57 

criUcm  Hort.  Kew.   55 

crispua  ...  57 

CupanUnut  >       >  57 

dfmdstu  Dec.        >  55 

c^priua  Zjom.        >  57 

graju^fiihrtu  Scop.  59 

HtUintkemmm  L.  -  66 

heCeroph^Uiu       •  57 

hiridtut        .       .  57 

JUcpidMt  fi  Lam.    -  59 

A#^*«"«  Pourr.    •  55 

indlnui  L,    -       -  55 

ladm^fenu  B.  M .  57 

ladanlfenu  X.      •  57 

AlbUI6raf  Dre.  •  57 

maculitiu  Dre,  -  57 

plenlfdllui  Ait.  -  57 

laurifMlut  L.        -  56 

Ulxut     ...  57 

l<mglf5Uua     .       .  57 

obloQslf5Uut         .  57 

populKbliUB  £.      .  66 

mhtor   ...  55 

ptUos^palut  .       .  57 

purpClreut  Lmw.   •  55 

taUeifolhu     -       -  57 

lalTiicfbliiu  .       .  57 

MMte/tMut  fi  Doc.  55 

Mcabrbnu  Alt        .61 

terppU*/^Um$  L.    .  59 

tUnopk^Utu  IX.  .  57 

ntrreiSinu  L.       .  58 

unduUtiu     .       .  57 

vill6tui          .       .  57 

C!tor«^C  Grape  .       •  1S7 

ClenuUfdeoe    .       2.1111 

Clematis  L.    .      a.  1111 

6itera  Matth.        .  5 

AM^iMmc^.  D.  Don  15 

axkr.  grandifl.  Sieb.    1 1 

baUariea  Pen.      .  14 

baiedrica  Rich.     -  14 

bicotar  Hon.        >  10 

Buchanlina  >        .  15 

c^riUea  Bauh.      -  16 

cvriilea /JiMf/.      .  11 

eeetpUb*a  Scop.     .  4 

calin^rnica  G.  AT.  -  1111 

ealy^na  Ait.         -  14 

campaniflftra  firof.  la 

parrUldra  Fis.    -  19 

cmnpanifUtrn  Ilort.  12 

canmttnsis  Mil.  D.  6 

chln6n«la  iteta.     -  5 

ci'rrhbta  Sim*       .  14 

clrrhdsa  /..   -       .  13 

anoustifMla        .  14 

pedlcelUu  Dee.  14 

eorddta  Sims         -  7 

cvrdtfbtia  Mopnch  .  6 

cj-Undrica  Sim*     -  8 

crispa  Lam.  -        .  8 

crispa  L.     -         -  S 

daphnii'idet  Dodon.  657 

divtiTiedta  Jacq.    .  8 

Drumm6aiill  TJ[Q.  16 

FIdmnnUa  Bert.   >  4 

Fl&mmula  L.        .  S 

caespitftaa  IVc.   >  4 

maritimaD«c.  >  8 

panicuUta .       .  4 

rotundlR^lia  Dec  S 

rub61la  Dee.      -  8 

A^vd  Mcench         >  4 

JIdre  crUpo  Dll.  E.  18 

fl6ritla  7W>.         -  10 

iidre  pldno  tfor/.  10 


fl.  pi.  TldAoeo  .      10 

SiebdUUi  D.  Don      10 

frdgram$  Ten.  S 

gkXea  Willd.        .       4 

grtmdUtbra  Hort..      11 

EAta  WaiL  -       7 

endiir*5nil  Ckan.  9 
iHrfocerloea  PursM  15 
laaUUitha  NuU  -  IB 
ligoatricMbUa  Nmti.  15 
lincarlloba  Dee.  >  15 
maritrmm  All.  Ped.  8 
montina  Ham.  >  15 
neaalim$iM  Hort  .  7 
oeMfolekca  Hort  •  4 
odordia  Hort  -  7 
orientAlii  L.  •  4 
panicmUUa  Thun.  >  8, 4 
pmrvifibra  Dec.  -  12 
panrfllftra  SmU.  •  15 
pediceiidta  Swt  -  14 
Pitcberi  r.^O.  .  15 
pofymdrpka  Hort  14 
puD^aceni  .  .  15 
puichiUa  Pen.  .  12 
redcttliU  WalL  -  9 
rAwa  Abbott  .  9 
tMrica  MIU.  Diet  17 
SMSUUi  Paxt.  -  10 
8im»a  Hook.  •  9 
5i»Mtf  Swt.  H.  B.  7 
tininsis  Lour.  Coc.  ft 
ntaveolem  Sal.  P.  8 
lemm(fdlJu9tt£H.T.  12 
tfrf/a  Com.  -  •  5 
iriiemiUa  Hort.  •  6 
iriUrmtUa  Hort  -  7 
dmw  Gerard  .  3 
verHeilidHs  Dee.  .  17 
fY^riM  Bot.  Rep.  8 
Vi6mai:,.  .  .  7 
cordita  .  .  7 
viomoides  Schrad.  12 
▼irginiina  L.  .  6 
bracte^  D«e.  .  6 
VitilbaL.  .  .  5 
ViticellaX.  .  .11 
baccAu  Dee.  .  12 
CKTillea  .  .  12 
m(iltlplex  O.Don  12 
purpArpa  -      12 

tenulR>Ua  Dec.  -      12 
TitifbUa        .       .15 
CldthraL.     -       -581 
acuminata  lf«.      -    M2 
alnlfblia  L.  •  ^2 

denmddtaAli.     -    582 
ptiMjc^MAlt    -    582 
AMdiMPers.  .    582 

moHtdna  Bartr.  >  582 
paniculita  AH.  •  582 
McibnPerg.  -  5H8 
toment6M  L.  .582 
Clutter  Pine  -    261 

Cljmewm  L'Obel  .      78 
Tia/drwmL'Obel  -     78 
Cnedrum  Matth.  .    091 
C6ccului  Bauk.      •      40 
caroUnuB  Dec      -     40 
Cocktpur  Thorn     •    858 
Colldtia  Com.         •    178 
E'phedra  f'ent.    .    179 
>¥ro«Gm.&Ho6k.     179 
h6rridaXAid<.      .    179 
■ptn5sa         •       -    179 
ullcina  •       -    179 

Coiatea  B  Sr.  .244 
6plera  .Schmidt  -  244 
arbor^nceui  L.  -  244 
cru^Dta  Aii.  .    244 

hal6ppica  Lam.  -  245 
ktrgkia  Roth  .  244 
hkmiiiiScon.  .  245 
hiria  Mill.  Diet  .  245 
mddfa  fVa/d.  -  245 
nepal^nsis  Hook.  -    245 


oHentdUtLam, 

•a: 

CoronilU  N.  - 

.    946 

PooO^Ait,    ^    - 

246 

E'menwZ^  - 

.    «f 

pfvcmmbenM  L  n. 

245 

Jtfnoea  Z..      .        . 

•    94« 

tanguimea  Pall.  . 
wo^iSraca  Lam.  . 

944 

243 

pamc^/Ura  Lam.  - 

947 

LorMwrpmme  Plane 

S6 

Goi^ii>5ea  Sall*b.  • 

1062 

Corylicev     -    646 

.1117 

omadrifdrin  Sal.  . 
C6marum  L. 

1062 
890 

C6rylua  L.     . 
americ&na  MidkM.- 

.    991 
.    935 

paldstreJ^.  - 
Comp6fltc     - 

820 

bOmilia  Wat^.     . 

.    99i 

545 

arbdrea  Hon. 

.    992 

Comptdnia&il.       - 
asplenlfbUa  80km. 

986 

AvelUna  L.  - 

.    991 

986 

barceloofnsU 

.    993 

Conifer«e 

946 

cnspa  Ene.  i^PL9a 

Qirckonu  Thunb. 

998 

heterophfUa      . 

.    983 

Jap6$»^m$Thwib. 
Cordma  Don 

296 

pdmila 

.    99i 

1092 

purpdraa  > 

.    999 

Ub%Don 

1092 

nrW^stria  ^dt    . 
tteui*  iLorf. 

.    999 

Core6$ma  Spach    > 

484 

.    9S 

9i»oouuima  Spach 

484 

999 

CorlJhseie 

146 

ilba       . 

.    991 

CorUria  Niu. 

146 

byunUmeiHerm.  - 
GolfimaL.   . 

•  bS 

myrtKblla  L. 

146 

993 

nepalfaatisH^tfft    . 

146 

interm&Ua 

993 

•arment^M  Plant. 

146 

arbor€aceus 

923 

Cork  Tree     • 

884 

cond^Bort. 

99S 

Comice«       .  601. 

1116 

intermedim  Lod.  - 

993 

Comeliam  Cherry  . 

506 

nMtritai4«L 

995 

Cornel  Tree  - 

505 

tifioittrit  Gran.    . 

995 

CorniMA  Eim  -       - 

716 

CoumeicterJferf.  . 

406 

C6muaZ,.       .  501. 

1116 

acumlnito  Ifnttt  • 

409 

^SttaWalt.    .       . 

504 

afflnisI^ML 

408 

Uba  L.  -       .       . 

503 

b«;01iria  Waff.     . 

1115 

508 

buxir&Ua  WaiL     . 

411 

siblriea  L.  C     - 

503 

411 

aitima  Mar*h.     - 

501 

denticuUUa   - 

407 

altemifblU  L.      . 

501 

eUiptiemHorU       . 

409 

Amdmum  Du  Rot 

504 

frigidafToA. 

40$ 

a^aerifbiia  L.  C.  . 

504 

AMMaaa  Lod.  Coll 

407 

504 

teViff  Lodd.  Coll. 

409 

ceerUea  Meerb.   - 

503 

laxifl6raJa<».       . 

407 

canadintig  Hort.  . 

503 

onill&faTbdlcr. 

407 

eandiduiima  MUi. 

504 

marginataUndi.- 

411 

eapitdta  WalL      . 
circiniU  L*Her.  . 

508 
506 

melanoeSrnanac, 
micropbf  lla  If  ««. 

406 
411 

eirchUUa  Cham.  . 

503 

Uta-^m  Ijndl 

410 

e$ir(fbba  Hort.     . 

504 

nummuUiia  Lmrfi. 

4CB 

cjfonocarpfu  Gm.  ~ 

503 

rotundiAlia  ir«IL 

410 

qfanoednms  Moen. 

604 

^-^^^^  ^«i#?k«igi    W  --       ** 

406 

521 

C^'M-ibwHon.  I 

410 

fce'mtna  M.  Diet 

504 

▼ulgirisiUM.      . 

40S 

/or'mt'iMi  Rav 
fastigtdta  Mx.      . 

502 

depr6tAPHe9  . 

4l< 

6(18 

erythrocirpa  Le^  406 

ferrnginea  Hort 

504 

meUooofcrpa 
Covinia  D.  J>oit  . 

406 

fl6rida  L.      .       - 

5<7 

321 

grlmdls  ScUeekt.- 

507 

plicftU  D.  Don     . 
Grab6wskla  Se*L  . 

321 

n-indla  BentM.     . 
MMtt^^mofa  Mx.  . 

1116 

669 

504 

boerhaaTisfbUaf. 

669 

macrophf  Ila  WaU. 

1116 

Crab  .... 

995 

mi»  L.          .       . 

505 

Crack  WQlow 

7» 

frtictu  cdras  ool6ri«506  1 

Cranbeny 
Crat«*nuZjML8S3. 
Qeeri/oimHort.    - 

«16 

Tariegiltu*  . 

506 

1115 

obl6nga  IVaU.      - 

605 

354 

oNongffbUa  Rafin. 
offidn£is 

504 

citirilUr.tG.  . 

1115 

607 

»3 

panicuUUa  Ham.  - 

505 

altdtea  Ijodd.Cat. 

3d8 

panicuUta  L'Her. 

504 

apiffdtia  L.  Cat.  - 

966 

ilbida  BMrk.     - 

604 

aplifblla  Mz. 

MS 

radiilte  PA. 

504 

m4^L.  Cat  . 

360 

raeembsa  Lam.     . 

604 

minor 

366 

rtAigmi^a  Ehrh. 

604 

arborfaceos  r.  4r  G. 

1115 

rMjf  dM  Lun. 

506 

arbutmia  L.CmL 

366 

tanguinea  Ph. 

602 

arbmt^fbUa  Ait.     . 

404 

aangwnu'o  Walt  - 

603 

jtria  par.  m.l^Sp. 

43a 

langulnea  L. 

502 

A'r$afiL.Sp,      . 

434 

fbUis  FariegiltiB  . 

502 

Arteia&MC 

370 

P(ir*hilZ>(m'«V. 

502 

a*UldH$  L.  Cat . 

»3 

aempertHrent  L.C. 
scricca  L"H(r. 

604 

Asarblus  L. 

988 

804 

A.  fi  Willd.  Sp.  . 
berberifbUar.tC. 

370 

oblonfflfbiia  Dee. 
•tricta  1,.      .       - 

501 

1II& 

608 

feta/^yeiM  L.  Cat. 

383 

asperifblla 

604 

Cka$mtm4ipilni  J. 

449 

iemperrlrena     . 
itolony^ra  Mx.     . 

604 

earoUmdna  L.C* 

361 

508 

earoUnidnaFtOr.* 

364 

tatarica  Mill.  Ic.  - 

508 

airpdlA<»  L.  Cat. . 

363 

tomentbsa  Mx. 

506 

oooclnea  Booth 

353 

virginidna  li.Par. 

505 

corilUaa    - 

3S« 

GENERAL    INDEX. 


1147 


mftxinia  L.  Cat.'  SM 

m6UUr.^O.    -1115 

neiqwlitinaflbr.  8M 

ollgindrar.tO.  1115 

populifbUar^O.  1115 

$pM»aGodetr.-  364 

Tfridiir.^G.  -  1115 

eorSUhut  L.  Cmt.  '  S54 

coT^t*  Aim.        .  867 

comifdlia  Booth    -  856 

ermmidta  Hort.  -  885 

Crut-gSai  DuEol  855 

Cr<is-giUl  L.        .  868 

Uneiris  Dtfc.      •  860 

nAiMtDt'c.          -  860 

owdifWa  B.  R.  860 

pyracuithUblU  D.  859 

Mliclf?>lla  i)n;.  -  860 

gpl^ndenii  Dec,  -  859 

CMwddA'a  L.Cat.  •  366 

denidta  Thuil.      -  434 

DougUUli  Z^AMf/.  •  364 

dtiUcf^  RonalcU      •  856 

edii//«  RoDAldt     -  856 

fd^/ir  Lodd.  Cat.  -  856 

elUptica  L.  Cat.  -  360 

erioodrpa  L.  Cat.  -  879 

/tcsa  Lee       -       -  378 

ftua  Lodd.  Cat.   -  370 

JUOtdUtia  Hort.    -  354 

flivailA.       -       -  864 

^famiHort.            .  879 

/UnUtima  Hort  -  864 

JUirida  Godefroy  -  367 

yl^frAfo  Lodd.  Cat  383 

gedrgiea  Doug.     -  854 

glabra  Thvmh.      -  404 

gkmduidsa  Hx.   -  864 

macrtfnMa  Liodl.  857 

glanduldca  If.      -  854 

sabvllldia          •  854 

•uceulfota  Fii.  -  854 

gloAM  Wall.  C.  -  408 

gr^^ca  Hort.         -  438 

heteroph^Ua  F.    •  874 

incUa  Lee     .       -  872 

4ndentdtaL.oA.  C.  854 

ladniita  Lod.  C.  -  880 

Xmnfer/i^na  Hort  384 

la«(^AVi  Potr.        .  434 

UUifbiia  Pers.        -  856 

fa/0fatfa  Ronalds  -  366 

Ifucopkke^ot  McBD.  856 

Unedri»  Lod.  Cat.  360 

linearis  Lod.  Cat  388 

lobduBoic  -        -  865 

longifblia  N.  Du  H.  438 

AcAtoWang.         -  858 

liaeaVcAx     -       -  865 

lutiseens  Booth     -  881 

macracfintha  Lod.  357 

minor        -       -  858 

maroccina  Per$.  •  860 

maiira  L.  fil.         -  869 

mexlcina  Mac.     -  884 

microc&rpa  Llmll.  867 

neapoiiidna  Hort.  374 

nigra  W.  et  K.     -  S62 

mica  Jaeq.        -  862 

odoratiuhna  B.  R.  871 

Olivcria  Lod.  C.  .  878 

OUveriina  Bote   -  878 

opaca  Hook.  -:1115 

orientilis  Bote      -  871 

sangulnea  -       -  871 

orientdlis  Llndl.  -  871 

orientdiis  Lod.  C.  378 

ovaIU?>lla  Horn.    -  360 

Otyaeaniha  FI.  D.  379 

Oxyacintha  Walt  866 

Oxyac^ntha  L.     -  375 

apctala  Lod.  Cot.  377 

aurantiaca  Booth  379 

a6rea  /fori.       -  379 

capitdta  Sm.  Ayr  877 

CelHidna /fori.  -  877 

erioc&rpa  LituU.  379 


flexadaa  Sm.  Ayr  Sn 

JGireplhto  Hort.  877 

f&lUa  arg^oteU  •  881 

fdlUiadrela       -  881 

fii&ctu  coodneo  1 1 15 

laoinlitta    -       -  880 

Ieucocl[rpa         •  879 

likcida        .       -  881 

melanodurpa     -  878 

moD6nma  -       •>  877 

mdltlptex  Hoft,  377 

obtoMta  "Dec    '  879 

OlIverliLia         .  878 

oxTpbf  Ua  -       -1116 

oxyphtlla  Mome.  881 

p^ndula  Lod.  C.  876 

piaiypA^Oa  Lod.  378 

precox  Hort.   -  877 

pCeridlfbiia        •  881 

punicea  Lod.  C.  877 

fl.  pltoo          -  877 

querdfblia  A    -  880 

regliue  Hort.     •  S76 

rigtda  Ronalds  -  875 

r6sea/forf.        -  877 

tuptrba  H.     -  877 

sfblrlca      -       -  877 

stricU  Lod.  Cat.  875 

traosylvtelca  B,  877 

mondgyna  Jacq.   -  877 

moik^gyna  L.        •  877 

oxyacaniASidn  Th,  879 

parrifMla^A.       -  888 

fl6rida        -       -  883 

grossularlcfdUa  883 

pectineUa       -       -  354 

pentdgynafldvaG.  856 

plaiyphCUa  Undl.  878 

jMpt(/f/dAa  Walt.  -  867 

pruniiolia  Bote     •  861 

plrrM(^ViLod.C.  881 

punctata  Ait.        •  356 

adrea  Purth      -  856 

brevl8pIna2>otv>  356 

Jldva  Hort.        -  366 

riibra  Pur*k      -  306 

StricU^.        -  866 

stricta  Ronalds  •  866 

purpOrea  Boic      -  363 

altiUca       -       -  863 

PyracHntba /*«r«.  -  885 

crenalitta  Hort.  385 

tr.ilh.H.'       -1115 

pyractmtkHh.  L.  C.  859 

pyrlfdUa  if^/.  -       -  856 

pyr&Uia  Lam.      -  446 

pyrMUa  Tonrey  -  367 

P!fry6rmi»    -       -  854 

racembsa  Lam.     -  412 

radidta  Lod.  Cat.  856 

rivulirls  r.  A^G.  -  1116 

rotmid(fblia  Booth  354 

rotuHd^bk'a  Lam.  412 

salicifblia      -        -  360 

MOHgtutua  Schrad.  371 

stmgwnea  Pall.     •  854 

iongmnea  Hort  -  368 

jc<&Mf/ca  Wahl.     -  434 

serrdiaFolr.         -  446 

SkicbiaUam.        -  405 

tOnrica  Lod.  Cat  877 

tpathtUdta  Mx.     -  884 

spathuliUfiiib/  •  367 

gedrgiea     -        -  868 

«pA$fMfaNf  Lod.  Cat  350 

$ptcdta  Lam.         -  413 

iphia  loHeisiima  L.  357 

^dnosistima  Lee  366 

stipuiicea  Lod.  C.  384 

nAviUdsaFiKh.    -  355 

tu6cicaA\t.  -       -  434 

tanacetlfblia  Per$.  372 

Celftitoa    -       -372 

gldbra  Lod.  Cat.  872 

2><fdfi(f  A.B.    -  372 

tttnacctifb.ta6r.'D.  371 

tomcntdMa  Liii.  Sp.  383 


<omenldsa  Du  Rot  SR 
tonwindtfv  L.  Sp. .  486 
trllobitaL.  •  -  866 
ffffoftaiaLab.  -  487 
flwrMiaiaPursh  864 
fHrMnaia  Pursh  - 
tmttdra  Du  Rol  - 
virgMdtta  Hort  - 
Tlrglnica  Lodd,  • 
»fr^<««  Lodd.  Cat 
virida  Hort  - 

Cress  Socket  • 

Crowberry 

CrucUces 

Cuaamber  Dree 

Connioghtola  Br, 
kuueotdta  R.  Br. 
sinensis  Rick. 

Capr§ssinse    - 

Cuprissus  L.  ' 
austriUs  Pers, 
ameriedna  Catesb. 
bMMdf6rrois  WtUd. 
Coultdrii/>As.>»'oAL 
dlstlcha  Lin, 
egp&nsa  Hort 

afidla  Hort.     - 
giitatf.Ffbft.. 
fltt&a  Brot. 
orlaontilUilwtf. 
korrxontdlis  N.  D. 
lusltinica  Toum. 
nepeUhuis  Hort.  - 
pradula  Tkwtb.    - 
pfiodula  Z.*lf(^l  - 
pfndula  Thunb.  - 
pyramiddiis  Hort. 
sablDoldes  H.  B,  - 
semperrlrens  L.   - 

stricta  Mitt. 

horisoDtiUisira/. 
thurifera  H.  B.     • 
Toumef6rtii  And. 
tkySides  Par. 
thyoldes  L.  - 

rollls  TSMTlegitis  • 

nina,  Hort. 
toruldsa  Lamb.     • 
virgim'dna  Com.  - 
Cupullfene     - 
Currants 
Custard  ^ple 
Cydftnla  Toum.     - 
Jap6nica  Pers. 

fldrefilbo  - 

fl.  sfoii-pidno  - 
sinensis  TAocMiM  - 
▼ulgirfs  Pers. 

lusit&nica  Du  H, 

roaliffirmis  Hort. 

pyrtf6rmls  Hort. 

Cj-pre»s 

CytUus  iXrr.  - 

Addmi  Foir.  - 

se6Ucu8  Chus. 

&Ibus  Lk.      • 

Incarnitus  - 
alphtus  Lam. 
alplnus  MM. 

frigrans  Hort,  - 

p^ndulus    • 

purpur£scenB  H. 
emagyrius  L'H.    - 
angustifbUusyLoeti. 
argdnteus  L. 
austrlacus  L,        -823 

nbva  Lod.  -  '-  223 
austrlacus  Lod.  -  228 
calyclnus  Bieb.  -  225 
aUycinus  Lod.  -  224 
eandicans  L.  Sp.  •  204 
eaniscens  Flsch.  -  224 
capit^tus  Jacq.  -  224 
cUiatus  Waklenb.  -  224 
complicdttu  Br.  -  227 
compiiciUus  Dec.  -  228 
deciitnbats  Lod.     -    223 


888 
884 
884 

888 

884 

64 

1091 

68 

29 

1066 

1066 

1066 

1068 

1073 

1076 

1078 

1076 

1076 

1078 

1078 

1078 

1076 

1075 

1076 

1073 

1075 

1064 

1076 

1075 

1075 

1078 

1076 

1073 

1078 

1078 

1076 

1076 

1070 

1076 

1075 

1075 

1076 

1078 

849 

477 

88 

450 

462 

452 

452 

451 

450 

451 

450 

450 

1073 

218 

216 

226 

213 

214 

214 

216 

217 

216 

216 

227 

216 


dioaricdtus  L'H.  -  % 

elongiltus  W.^JL  282 

etongdtus  Hoti,    -  222 

imitf^drMf  Dec  -  228 

lUc^tus  W.^K,   .  228 

grand^flbrus  Dec  219 

birsiitusl..  -       -  224 

kirsktus  UA.        -  224 

MrsUtus  Lam.       .  224 

hitndnieue  Lam.   -  227 

Laotimum  L.       -  214 

coodneum  B.  C.  216 

fbUis  Tariegitis  '  216 

flrdgnms  Hort.   •  216 

inasum     -       -  216 

iatifblistm  Vbtu  216 

pendulum  Hort,  216 

purpkreum  H.  •  216 

quercif?>Uum  H.  211 

lanlgerus  Dec      -  221 

ri^dusi>ee.      -  226 

leuclnthos    •       -221 

iotoides  Four.       -  2»3 

multillbrus  LindL  222 

ninus  Willd.         -  226 

nigricans  L.         -  218 

nigrioam  TaXL      -  243 

orienUlls  Zioik.     -  226 

parvifbUus  Lod.    •  224 

parwifblius  N.  D.  -  228' 

piteosX.      -       •  219 

paucOlbrus  Wllld.  226 

pendtUhnu  U  f  .   -  219 

pinndtus  TsAl.       •  243 

poWtrichus  Bieb.-  224 

pubiscens  M cnich  204 

purpdreus  S(^.    -  222 

fldre  ilbo  .Horl.  -  222 

fl6re  rdseo         -  222 

racemdsus  Mam.  226 

ruikinicus  Lod.    -  223 

soqpirius  Lk.        -  219 

GtioMHort.       -  220 

fldre  pldno  JETorl.  220 

sessUifbllut  X.       .  218 

spindsus  Lam.      -  220 

suplnus  Jaeq.        -  228 

suphuu  Bert.       -  224 

sufOnus  Lin.  Sp.  -  224 

stminus  Lod.         -  224 

tOonfnsts  Lois.     -  228 

Toum^orOdmis  L.  224 

tribracteoUtus  IT.  221 

trifl6rusX'^^/  .  219 

fr(ffdr«u  Lam.       -  224 

tn/lbrus  Lod.        •  223 

tiral^M/«  Lod.      -  224 

viUbsus  Pour.        -  219 

Weldteii  f'lt.        -  217 

volgdricus  L.  fll.  -  243 

Daboe'cia  D.  Don  -  672 

poUfdUa  D.  DoM  .  572 

fl6re  &lbo  5i0<.  -  672 

Dakoon  Tree  -       •  161 

Datbirgia  Spr.  -    -  232 

amorpkifides  Spr.  232 

Damask  Rose         -  832 

Dammara       -       -  1066 

Dlimmara  ZfOmft.    •  1066 

orientiUs  Lamb.   -  1066 

D£phne-       -    686.1117 

alplna  L.      -       -  688 

alt&ica  PaU.  -       -  687 

Auckl&ndii  LindL  1117 

butifblia  Vahl      •  690 

Cneorum  L.         -  691 

colilnaAnA*         -  690 

oomna«A)l.i2^.-  690 

neapolIUUia  L.  •  600 

Gnidium  L.  -       -  691 

Laurdola  L.  -       -  688 

Mesdreum  L,       •  687 

autumnile         -  087 

fl6re£lbo  -       -  687 

neapoiitdnaLod.  •  690 

olettfbHa  Lsm.      -  691 

olei>ides        -       -  690 


1148 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


indcDtita  -       -    iR 
p6oticaL.     •       -    688 
(bniBruiegiOaL,  688 


tilbrt.  Hort, 

pab£«cent 

lalicllblia  Lam. 

■erlcea  Vakl 

•triAta  Trai. 

TfiitoD-ralra  L. 

ThymeUeHi  VaU 

toiDent6u     • 
Date  Plum     - 
Dedduoiu  CypreM 
Decmniria  Ju 

b&rbara  L.    • 
sannent6M  Dec 

Fon0tJkia  Ms. 

prottrtta  Lo.  C. 

radieatu  Homcb  • 

§armenidsa  Boic 
Deodara  Cedar 
DeilUla  Tktm. 

Brundnia  WaiL 

eattiseeHi  SMi. 

oomnbbu  R.  Br, 

tdhn  TJbtM. 

tUuninea  R.  Br. 
Dew-berry 
Dieomingia  Mx. 
Dlennila  Tomm. 

aeadihuii  Dub. 

canadtotlt  W. 

MtmiUt  Pen. 

Ikt^a  Pb. 
fbrnnKfUrtii  Mx. 

tr\fida  M omch 
Diotp^rotJL  - 

Lbtus  L. 

pubftcent  PA. 

rlrginUna  X.. 

fr»np#M«ina  Ml 
DIdUt  ScAfvA^ 

oerateidet  FT. 
Dlrca  /,. 

paltfitrls  L.  - 
Dogwood 
Dmmbiffa  Lam. 

ckiiintis  Lam. 

i).o/>lri 

DtMcoifMra  Moeocb 
fianib§a  Monich 

ttmAraTng. 

Dmiek  Elm     - 

Duvatia  JCih, 

denUta  Dec 

dep^ndeni  Dee.    - 

deptndetum  Hook. 

depfndene  >  Hook. 

Utlf51ia  GiU. 

longiAlia  Hort.    • 

OTita  UndH.  - 

•Inuita  Lindl. 

Dwarf  Atmond 

DMer^$  Weed  -       . 

Ebeniteec 

B*benm$  Comin.     • 

JSirltmtfrto  Dec.     - 

Mcoior  Dec.  - 

putucen  Red.        » 

Sglaaime 

^reA'a  L'Hirit.    - 

haUmifblia  L'H6rit.  689 

EUeagnacec  -    696.1116 

EUe6kmaC%i^.     -    994 

Eleignufr.   -  696.1117 

OHgmttfdUalj.     -    696 

argentea  Ph.        •    687 

aripffilea  WaU.     -    696 

argtntem  Moench     696 

GonftrU  Hort.       •    697 

hort6n»i»  Bieb.     -    696 

angiutlfMia  A'e6.  697 

dactyliFSnnis     .    697 

orlenUUt  -   -097 


.  688 

.  669 

-  690 
•  691 

-  691 

-  689 
689 

-  690 

-  626 

ion 

466 
467 
467 

-  467 

-  467 

-  467 
467 

.  1069 

.  466 

.  466 

466 

466 

-  466 
.  466 

-  SI4 
.  489 
.  AS6 

-  6i5 
.  686 
.  626 

-  695 
.  626 
.  626 

-  626 

-  626 

-  627 
.  616 

.Mx.  627 

-  677 

-  677 
.  692 

-  692 
.  601 

-  1062 

-  1062 
.  723 

te^sTeaTVeeSGe 
664 
664 
664 
664 
718 


199L  1113 

198 

192 

192 

193 

193 

1118 

198 

198 

286 

210 

624 

626 

838 

388 

888 

337 

689 


spln5ia 
Ai^niiwMlIl.        .    696 
orientdUe  DeUtle      696 
orientaUsL.         -    697 
parvlfblia  Ayl0    -  1117 
salldfblU  D.  Dom      697 
eongiriea  Fiicfa.   -    696 
spinbia  L.     •       •    607 
Eurodfndrom  Rets.     622 
J'rwam  Rets.        -    62S 
Elder      -       -       -    613 
Eledgtmm  Lob.     -    673 
Tkeopkrieti  Lob.      673 
Elm        .       -       .716 
fnwrw  MUl.  Ic.    -    247 
M4^>rMiU.  Ic.     -    247 
mliwrMUl.Ic.      -    247 
EmpetriteeB  -       -  1090 
E'mpetruraL.        -  1091 
aWmm  Lin.  .       •  1092 
ConridU  Torreg  -  1092 
iMf/l^ifMcmiToura.  1092 
nigrum  £.     -       >  1001 
•c6Ucam  ifoo*.  -  1091 
riibramL.     -       -  1001 
Biid6geD»      -       -  1093 
E'pbedraJ^.   -       -    987 
dbUchya£.  -       .    987 
mart  tima  mijor  Towu  987 
monoitidiya  L,    •    988 
polagonokleg  PaU.     988 
Mr^driiv  Rich.       -    987 
Bpigae*aL.     -       *    680 
repeoi  L.      -       •    680 
rubtetfnda  5i0tf.  -    681 
BridceM       -    662.1116 
Brlce*    ...    662 
Erica  D.X>OM         >    666 
austrilUX.  .       .686 
barbdrioa  Bar      .    666 
betyi^rmieSaL  -    666 
irmdtUkaThwab.  .    671 
aer^lea  WlWd,     -   571 
edmea  L  8p.       .668 
dlUrisL.      .       .667 
dndreaZ.     .       .686 
ilba  Lodtf .  CM.  .    666 
atropurpdreaL.C.  666 
caneacena  Lo.C.     666 
p&UIdal^.C.     .    666 
proUfera  Lo.C.-    656 
rubra  H.B.W.  .    656 
•trlcta  Lo.r.     >    656 
eoa^.  proedatb.    -  1001 
Da&r'c£iL.   -       -    672 
dUfyma  Stokes      >    667 
«r#ctfrBanh.         .  1002 
A«r6acc»  L.  Dia.  -    666 
Ub(mfca,ite.Baj     672 
Mmtf&Neck.       .    666 
JwiinerifbUa,^.G.  668 
UigmbriM^aX.        -    668 
Jtfodka/diMi  Bab.  -    656 
mediterrdaea  '  226.668 
mmtdbOitSai.       -    666 
mmltaidraUuAa.  .    667 
muOMbra  h.Sp.  .    668 
kmgipedioeadta  '    668 
pedmicmtdrU  VrtA   668 
puf/l/arft  Sal.      .    666 
p*iM^toPark.        -    6A6 
pmrpwr&tcene  Lam,  667 
eaxhilie^tX.         -    668 
tfMutfdU'a  Ger.  262.  656 
T6tralix  L.  -       -    666 
6\bmH.E.W.     .    666 
ciLmeALoud.H,B.  666 
MackaUna         .    666 
riibratf.£.IF.  -    666 
vdga  SaL       -       .    667 
vdgam  L.  Mant  264. 667 
piUgdHsL.    .       .699 
ErtobStrva  UxM.  .    409 
eltipiiea  Lindl.      •    409 
Escalloniicce        .    489 
Kscalltala  iift.       -    490 


fti^Lk.«tO.    .    491 
>on'MiMlaH.B.«t  K.  491 

ffaHMMdra  Bot.  C.    491 
illinlUi^al         .    491 
montevidfosia  Dm.  491 
florttrtinda         >   491 
pulrerulteta  Pert.    491 
reain^aa  Per$.    216. 491 
rdbra  Pen.  •       .    490 
alblfldraJSr.tflil.    491 
glabritiacuU/14^  490 
pttb^aoena  tf .4J.   491 
BitbaeigSti.  -    611 

dickdkmmt  SaL     -    611 
EuoDjrmSldea  M,    .    164 
Eu6nnnaa  Tomrm,9b.  149 
aUemifdIimt  M.    .    162 
amerlcanua  L.      .    162 
anguatifbUua      -    162 
oboTitua  ^«Cr.       162 
aarmeotdaua  M      162 
war.  fi  Tor.  h  G.     168 
9ar.  y  Tor.  k.  G.    162 
war.  I  Tor.  k.  G.      168 
m^m^bSmPmA   162 
atropmfjtkreme  W.    168 
atropurpiireua  J.  -    161 
coroiAiAtt^i  Bfarah.    161 
camc&ttemi  Lodd.      16] 
echlniltua  WaU.    .    168 
europaa^ua  L.        •    149 
fdl.Tarleg^Z.C.  180 
fhSctu  ilbo  L.C.     160 
ladfbUusXodtf.C.    160 
leprbsue  L.      >      150 
ninm  Lodd.  Cai.    160 
war.  2.  L.  -       -    160 
llmbrUtua  WaU.        168 
ftigldua  WaU,      .    168 
gardniafMlua  A.      168 
gUberAo«6.         -    168 
gr6aaua  Ifall.        .    168 
HttniUonUnua  W.    168 
IndlcoaJibMM      -    168 
J«»6nicoa  Tkmnb.      168 
IbUiM  TaricMitla       168 
laUfbUaa  C.  BamA.     160 
tattfbUmt  Marafa.  -    160 
IMduaD.  Don     •    168 
mlcrinthua  D.Dom    168 
nilnua  Bieb.  .       *    161 
obovdtm  Dec.       -    162 
p^Ddulua  FFoir.      .    168 
mtnuttrwimu  at,   .    ira 
aubtrifldroa  Bhmu    158 
tlngena  WaU,        -    168 
ThuBbergUnua  B     163 
▼igana  WaU,        -    168 
Temicteus  Soqp.  -    160 
wultdria  MiU.DIct.    149 
BuGmoM  Nutt.      .    686 
«»«r>aMrNutt      .    688 
BhuainnnXi.       -    686 
Diotp^rw  Natt       686 
genietUdta  Nott.        686 
EuphorbUoeae        -   701 
Evergreen  Oaka     •    880 
BTorgreen  Tbom  .    886 
Byaenh&rdtU  tf.     .    282 
amorphfildea  H,    «    282 
FabitoaJt.^i*.     .1117 
imbricate  if.  dr  P..  1117 
Fagdra  Lam.  111.   -    148 
fraxtmfbUa  Lam.      148 
>4ffwBattb.  .  917.1118 
FiguaL.        .   906.1118 
omericdnaiatifbL     909 
antirctfca  Fora^  .    010 
betuimdes  Jir#r«.  -    910 
earoiim'dma  Lod.  •    600 
CoMtdmea  t.ia.      -   016 
Dombdyf  Jlfr^.    -    Oil 
ddbUlfirft.  .       .911 
femiglnea  AiL     >    909 
carolinUna        -    909 


latiiWa  -  .  !ko 
latifbUa  .  -  9(9 
obUqua  Jflrd.  -  910 
pjkmila  Lm.  .  .  914 
^IriticaL.  .  006.  1119 
-    907 

rbUmJjod.   906 
tDuE.  906 
mrhledta  B.      -  1118 
CffflMHofft.       .    906 
criatita  .906 

ctanaLod,      -    906 
rMUarariegitfa. 
heteffophfUa     . 


leCeroplifua 


-  906 

p6ndula  Lad.     .  906 

purpurea  Ait.    .  906 

««M:(rdtti  Boat.  906 

ayMafrft  Mich.  906.907 

FaUeAeaeid  .        .  S» 

Flcua  7taair«.         -  712 

CiricaL.        .       -  712 

eomuukna  Banh.  .  712 

kkmHNi  Toum.     .  712 

mfMtirit  Tooni.  -  712 

Fig  Tree        -       -  712 

Filbert   ... 


Flowering  Aaa 
Fly  Honcnraockle 
~       nteia 


139 
661 


Fontani 
phlUyreadea  I^ 
Ar»M*Mi  Wale      - 
eedademYlaJg.    . 
FothmrtUaL. 
alnifbfiaL. 
acftuStea 
m^orMna 
obtaa6USteff  . 
aAK^MfaL.f.8ap|> 
Gdrdemt  Jaoq.      - 
adrdemtUx. 
Fox  Grape     - 


467 
600 

600 
600 


600 

600 
500 


FrdaeriVwtOL 

iteNvtt. 
Inna 


/as 


-  137 

-  79 

73 

81 

ai 


dlftaBoac 
^empi»ti§  Pink.  > 
aaaericina  ir^U.  - 
ladAlia 

an^uatlfbiia  JL     . 
apctalaLoM. 
argtetoa  I.4Nj«. 


adrea  Fera.  • 

BdeeaQ.lHKi      - 
botrpSidet  Mor.   . 


caroUnlkaa 


646 
660 
645 
646 
646 
643 
639 
644 
641 
640 
690 
661 
650 


corvMiidM  Mill.  - 
earolMdma  Wang. 


660 
649 


eiaireu  Boac 
ctfMoiorMohl. 


critpa  Hort. 
disooior         . 
4Mwr«</Mis  Rort. 
a&ptiea  Boae 
epipcara  Void 


641 
6f7 


641 

6J0 
660 


eae^Mbr  Wah. 

excelsior  L.  • 
ATsfotea  l>e|f. 
atiren  WiUd,  £■ 
atfren  pteduto 


erbaaiPon: 
fone^taaJLoM. 


641 
640 
610 
641 

641 
641 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1149 


boiiiontilis  I>«iA  641 

iupldea  WUId.  -    641 

lutaa  -       -    641 

Dina  -       -    641 

pfoduUifM.       -    640 

purpuribcent  D,    641 

Tem]cdMl>etf.-    641 

pfoduU     -       -641 

TerticilUto  L.  C    641 

rUlbn  ndra  Dm.   641 

vor.  •  Lam.       •    649 

etp/nua  yriXld.     -    660 

JloHbitmda  D.  Dm    610 

fionifera  Seop.      •    6B1 

/g«ca  Bocc    -       -    600 

heteroph^lla*       -    648 

Tartegata   -       -    643 

AitorrCrdlto  Hon. .    643 

jugbndifMla         -    648 

•oUnteg^rrima  -    649 

nOmrrMa  WUld.  649 

Unighta  Hort.    -     7«3 

Idncea  Bofc  •       •    6b0 

loMMwiato  Borkb. .    649 

lentiscir&lia  Dcf/l      64ft 

pfodula     •       •    64A 

bmg^dlia  Bote      -    660 

manm^fitra  Hort  •    663 

MixteBoic    •       •    660 

momopkpUa  DeU.  •   643 

nigra  Bosc    •       •>    660 

id^ra  Du  Rol        -    646 

nirrw  Motnch        •    647 

NSme-J'ngUtf  BfllL  649 

O'rMwPall..       -    644 

<ymm$  Soop.        -    699 

(ynutt  Lin.  .       -661 

O'nMwMill.-       .    661 

amtriedma  Lodd.  663 

ovdtoBofc    -       -    660 

oxTcirpa  IF.         -644 

onphfilaBkb.    •    644 

pOHdaAoie.       •    646 

pamteuUUa  Mill.    -    661 

p€umb§a  Vent.et  B.  660 

panrlf&Ua  WiUd.   -    643 

parvtfbUaLam.    -    646 

fmnuyMlii/ea  Han.  647 

platydLrpa  F.        -    680 

polflROM^Mto  Poir.  660 

pobiStoent  fP.       -    646 

ladfdUa  IVaU.  >    647 

longlf  5Ua  JViOL    647 

Mihpabfiioeiu  i*«r.  647 

pmlffei'mKmtm  Bote     660 

ywrpftfw  Hort.    -    641 

qmairamguUri$Ijod.648 

qnadrangulata  Jtfr.    648 

nerr^M  Lodd,  Cat.  648 

RidkArdi  Bote      -    650 

rottrdta  Goss.      •    680 

rotymdifdUa  Alt.  •    668 

rtiftirtfMd^  Bom    -   660 

rVo  Bote  -    660 

«alfc(rdlia  Hort.    -    643 

Bambudfblla         -    647 

crftpa  Lodd.  Cat,   647 

Sekkdeima  Seh.   -    661 

terratifdOa  Mich.      649 

BimplietrbUa  Hort    648 

#AMpl(«2rMto  WUld.  643 

strata  JbM  •       -    663 

MteOIAMBow     -    647 

UmartaeffbUa  Vahl  646 

Utraghna  Cels.     •    646 

loMmttMlflch.   -    646 

Irintera  Nutt.       •    660 

vfrAfifBoic  .       -    660 

wiritUs  iUeh.         -    648 

vM^atfDr  8«gn.    -    661 

Firenek  Berrie$      -    173 

Fringe  Tree  -       -    634 

Fulham  Oak  -       -    860 

Furse     ...    199 

GdlefLvr        '       -934 

Garryikea      -       .996 


QixrjK  DougL        .  936 

elliptica  DiMtf/.     -  986 

laurUdlla  Hartw,  -  996 

LiDdl^jrl  -  -  996 
macrophf  Ua  -  .996 
obl6nga         -       -936 

OTdU     ...  986 

Oaulthiria  L,         -  679 

procdmbens  L.     >  679 

serpvOifdHa  Ph.  .  661 

SbiUon  P«r«A      .  680 

Oean      ...  977 

Geitcmimm  Barrel.  661 

GtfiiMK/«  Barrel.  .  661 
GenlBU  Lan*.     903.1114 

sinensis  Dee.       >  909 

SlbaJMoa.     •       .  313 

anudniica  Ten.    -  819 

ingUcaX.     .       .  907 

anxintica  Ten.     >  809 

scarlbca      .       .  310 

aphflUi>«c..       .  908 

eanalcaniX.  -       •  908 

dee^mbeus  Dur.    •  313 

dltmaa  WiUd.        -  318 

ephedrSldef  Dee.  •  906 
erindeea  Gilib.  B.  P.  806 
germinica  L.        -907 

in^nnis  Dee.      -  906 

HiileriTlvfn.       .  919 

Merbieea  Lam.      .  91 1 

kinkta  Moench     .  919 

htopftnlcaL..       .  907 

JUndmica  Jacq.  ie.  906 

h6rrlda  I>Ar. .       •  906 

AMwifftca  Wulf.    .  918 

«»tfMif  Dalcch.     .  906 

itdUca  Lodd.  Cat  -  310 

Mmcta  Lam.  •       •  909 

lufltfalca  L. .       -  906 

moDoep^hma  L.  •  908 
mnAC^a  N.DuH.  913 
tmhtor  Lam.  .       -907 

flim>aAiKit..       .  311 

odordiaUaauAk    •  903 

OTiU  fTald,'  .  911 
piltani  Dee.   •       -204 

parrlflbra  Dee.  •  903 
pedumemldta  L'Hfa-.  318 

pIldMl^       -       .  318 

proctfmbeni  fP.    .  918 

proftriUa  Lam,  .  318 
ptfrgant  L.   -       •906 

radttta&wp.         .  906 

nmbelUta  -       -  906 

ripetu  Lam. .       .  313 

roUrila  Pofr.  Sup.  806 

•agittklisX.  -      •  311 

minor  Dee.        .  31 1 

«e0rtdiaVln.        -  310 

Scepdria  Lam.      -  819 

Scorpiot  Dee.       -  906 

•erioea  fVmlf.        -  908 

dblrlcaL.     .       .  910 

■pharocirpa  L,    -  9D9 

tpinMdTa  Lam.  .  906 
spinOM  .       .       .913 

•irWdUrli  Scop.     .  906 

tinctdrlaL.  -       -  910 

fldre  plteo.       .  910 

hirtiktaDec.      -  910 

latffblU  Dec.      -  310 

pratfosis  PoU.  •  810 

•or.  N.  Da  H.  -  310 

toawiMdM  Poir.     .  319 

tbrraifldra  Awl*  -  1114 

trtac£ntho«  Brot.  -  806 

interrdpCa  Dre. .  9C6 

trtanguUris  WUId.  311 

triquetra  ilil.        -  304 

triqmetra  Lam.  ?  .  304 

trioMolra  Wald.    -  311 

mmbeOdta  Voir.     .  306 

umbelUU  Po^.     -  304 

capitilta      >       >  306 

virgtUaLun.        >  308 

GeniMtiOa  Mcmcb  •  811 


raeemUa  Hcencb  -    311 
GeniBtSMee  Momch     810 
etiUa  Mccncb         -    910 
tefterm^ato  MflBnch  919 
OAago  Lin.    .       -    946 
6t^6aLln.    -       -    946 
Ginkgo  Tree  -       .946 
Glaitonburr  Tbom    877 
Gledittchia  I..        -    949 
aquitJca  Loclif.      -    254 
•quSUiea  Martb    -    961 
Boqui  Hori.  8oc  O,  964 
krack^rpa  Pursh   960 
earoUnfneie  Lam.      961 
caepidna  Bote       •    964 
c&spica  DcfT.         -    964 
8ubTlr6tceni  Bort.  954 
ekhtfntii       -       -    969 
ftroxDeiT.    -       -    954 
/9rojr  Baudr.  .       -    964 
Jiroai      ...    954 
k6rHda  WiUd.  Sp.    969 
m4/or  Lodd.  Cat.  969 
ffdiM  Hort.  Soc.     969 
pmrpkrea  Lodd.     953 
Jt^pAfUea  Lodd.  Cat.  353 
JaeSniea  Lam.      .    868 
Le^vis  Hort  -       .860 
macracintha .       -    864 
meHloba  WmIU      -    860 
mlcracintha  H.  S.  G.  964 
monosp^rma-       •    961 
monomtrma^       .    364 
orientllU  Lodtf .    .    954 
orientiUis  Bo§c      -    964 
pne^oox  Hort.  Soe.    964 
sintesis  Lam.        -    958 
in^rmlt  S.  Dm.  H.  368 
xtOioT  Hort.       .    863 
iiiaM.Hort.         -    363 
parpdrea  Hort.      363 
tpfndta  Du  Ham.  .    960 
tHadmtha  G«rt.  -    361 
triacinthot  L.       -    360 
brachjc£rpa       .    360 
in^rmls  Dee.      •    960 
pofytpfrma  Bfart  360 
var.  fi  Mx.         .    360 
Gl6eine  Bot  Hag.  .    949 
dkimhuit  Bot  Mag.  349 
firuiUcene  Lin.  Sp.    949 
»imtn$i$  Bot.  Reg.     949 
Gnetilcec       .       .    987 
Goaft  Tliom  •       -    946 
GoatWbeat    •       -678 
Goklen  Osier.       -    763 
Gooseberry    •       •    468 
Goosefoot  .    676 

GordbnU  EiUs        -     73 
Lasiinthus  L.       >     73 
pubtesens  VHMt.    73 
Gone      ...    900 
GranatieetB    >       .486 
Grape  Vine    >       .136 
Greem  Weed  -       .    910 
Grossuliceas  -    468.1116 
GroumidHa  Mill.  D.  473 
kiritaa  MUl.  Diet.    473 
recUn^ta  MIU.  Diet  473 
trifi^aeubo.        .    471 
Groundsel  Tree     .    647 
QtMiacdna  Toum.     686 
pataoina  Toum.  •    636 
Guelder  Rose    •  299.  633 
GsiOamflisaL.        .    866 
dMca  Lin.  Sp.      •    966 
GmH  Cistus    .       •      64 
Gymndcladus  L.    -    966 
eanad^nsls  Lam.  -    966 
Gypsoetilis  &f/.      .    667 
durnea  D.  Don      .    668 
medlterrinea  D.  D.  668 
multiflftra  D.  Don     668 
rigans  Sai.   .       .    667 
ilba   ...    667 
piilida       .       -    657 
purpuriUcens  Bree  667 


Psffe 
rubfisoeni  Bree  •    567 
ten61U       .       .667 
Hackberry      .       .    730 
Halesiioese     -       .    690 
HalMa  EOiB  .       .690 
dlpteraL.     -       -    691 
ps[iTifl6ra  Mr.       -    631 
tetriSptera  L.        .    680 
Halimodfodron  FlBck.  949 
argfoteum  Dee.    >    949 
brachysj^ma  Dec.    949 
Sierirsli    -       .943 
Tulgire  Dee,      -    949 
twkrfacens  "D^c.  943 
5fev^tfFlach.  .    943 
subvlrftscens      >    94S 
HitfMMtfClus.        .    676 
tectndut  Clus.      •    670 
eat/^drnr  Ger.        >    676 
Halodindron  Dec.  -    949 
Hamamelidioes     -    499 
Hamamftlis  L.        .    499 
maeropkjSUaTh.  .    499 
MOMofeeiL.    .       -    600 
TirginicaL.  .       .500 
macroph^'ila      .    499 
parvifblia  JVnttL  -    499 
HameiiaVver.       .    644 
eomuUa  Puer.      •    544 
Hare's  Ear     -       -    496 
Hawthorn       *       .    876 
Haiel      ...    921 
Heath     -       «       •    666 
Heather  ...    660 
HMeraSlmrte  497.1116 
canarihuiM  WiUd.     498 
ekrjftoeSrpoi  Dalech.496 
Dfone*ias  J.  Bauh.  498 
HetiJtWaa.    -       -    496 
HdlixL..  .    497 

arborfiscens  Lod.  C.  496 
canaritesis  Dffc.   >    496 
chrysocirpa  Dec  >    496 
dIgiUta  Lod.  Cktf.  -    498 
fbl.  arg^ntels  Lod.C.  498 
fbi.  adrels  Lod.  C.     498 
tatirtca  -       .       -  1116 
pottfea  C.  Bauh.  .    498 
qnimpt^blia  L.Sp.    139 
Hedgehog  HoU^      .    166 
Hel^siresB      -       .    947 
HelflinthemumTVis.     66 
^Mnnlnum  Dee.    -     69 
Gan6scens  Swt.      >      60 
grandiflbrum  Dee.      69 
hyssopifblium  Ten.     60 
crodUum  Swt.  .     61 
cQpreum  Swt.    -     61 
mOltiplex  Suft.  .     61 
macr&ntbum  5wr.       60 
mdltiplex  Swt.  .     60 
scabrbsum  Pert.  •     61 
serpyUfrbllum  MOL    69 
surr^inum  MOl.  >     66 
tadrtcum  Pttck.    •     69 
TulnUre  G^ert.       -     68 
Hemlock  Spruce    •  1036 
Hibiscus  L.    .       .     69 
syrlacus  L.   -       .69 
HbrelUbo   .       .     69 
06re  lUbo  nHao  >     Gi 
fibre  purpureo  -     69 
flbre  purp.  pldno     69 
fibre  rubro  -      >     ^ 
fibre  Taricgilto  •     69 
fbliis  TariegiUs       69 
Hickory  ...    735 
HtcbrtueBMt.         -    749 
integrifhUuM  Raf.  •    749 
HippoeJlutanMmTax,  194 
vkigdre  Ten.         .    194 
Hipp6phaeL.         -    698 
H^tp&phalfL.         -    700 
arghuea  Pursh     -    700 
eamad^nth  Linn.  -    700 
eoi|/Erla  Wall.       -    699 
Rhamntfldes         -    696 


1150 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


•ngosttf  Mia  t.  -  ^ 

•iblricm      -       -  <M 

•alidfbUa  D,  Don  «» 

siUriea  Lod.         •  ?§5 

Holly      -       -       -  !S 

Honet  Locust         -  WO 

Honeyiuckle  -       -  846 

Hop  Hornbeam      -  9» 

Hornbeam      -       -  917 

HorMchMtnut        •  194 

HorUnsia  JuM.      -  492 

HutUingiUm  Elm    •  723 

Hydrftngen     -       -  493 

Hydringea/.-         -  492 

altlMima  WaU.     •  494 

arbor^Mwns  L.     -  492 

discolor  &T.      -  498 

cordiluPA.  -       -  498 

ge6rglca     -       -  498 

JHUJscens  Moroch  492 

geSrgica  ho.  C.     •  403 

heteromiUa  Don  498 

Hort^nsia  S<0A.     -  494 

horUfuiM  Sm.        •  494 

nWea  M*.      -       -  493 

glab6]U5iT.      •  498 

querdn^lla  Bartr.  493 

radihla^m.  -        >  498 

rotf/a/a  Wall.       -  498 

TOitlta  Wail.         •  494 

vulgaris  Mx.         -  492 

UMperanthira  diofoa 

Vahl.         -       -  258 

HyperlcAcec   •    74.  1112 

Hypericum/..-  74.1112 

adprt'iium  Bartr.  77 

AndrMtB^ntum  L.  78 

Barirdmium  Mill.  78 

Golyclnum  L.        •  76 

eUtum  AU.   .       -  76 

empetrlfblluin  W.  77 

fiuciculkta  Lam.  -  77 

Jblibsum  Jacq.      -  77 

yHUrxUort.          -  808 

galloldes  Lam.      •  77 

hlrclnum  L.  -       -  75 

minui  Dre.        -  75 

obtuilfbUum  Dec  75 

KalmUnuni  L.      -  75 

Kaimid»wn  Da  R.  77 

LasfSnihui  L.      -  73 

Dcpal6nie  Aoyle    >  77 

proUflciim  L.        -  77 

roraurinifbl.  L.  77.1112 

Urilum  Ham.       -  76 

riex  L.       '       156.  1118 

aculedtaooecMm' 

d\feraOwM.      -  888 

angustif&Ua  mUd.  162 

AqHifbUum  Gron.  160 

AqulroUiun  L.      -  157 

albo  marginiltum  109 

ilbo  Dictum       -  159 
altacierinie  Hort.  158 

aoguiUfMlum  H.  158 
adreomarginitom  159 

adreo  plctum    •  169 

clUitum     -       -  158 

clUitum  minus  -  158 

craaalfMlum  £r.  -  169 

crtapum  HorL    .  158 

fdrox  Hort.       -  158 
argtateum  -  54.  159 

atireum          •  159 

frtfctu&lbo        -  169 

frtictu  Idteo      •  169 

fHSctu  nlgro       -  159 

heteroph|Uum  -  158 

Utifiklium           *  158 

laurifblium        -  168 

marsin^tura       •  158 

p^ndulmn  -       -  1118 

recdrrura  •       -  158 

•en£tcen«  -       -  159 

■erratifMlum     •  158 


8.  Lara.  D.  iSo 

arbdrea  Bauh.       •  880 

bale&rica  D.         •  160 

canad^ntii  Mx.     •  155 

caroUnidnaWll.  -  161 

Cassina  Mx.         •>  162 

CMflne  Ait.          -  161 

CiuilM  Wllld.      .  Id2 

ea*$moide»  Lk.Bn.  161 

eoct-blera  Cam. 

eooMfra  Ger. 

DahSon  Waa.       -  162 

deddma'WM.       -  164 

delicatula  Bartr.  -  155 

Jloriddna  Lam.  111.  162 

latif&Ha  Hort.       -  111) 

iaxMdra  Lam.      -  161 

iiguttrima  Jacq.    -  162 

mader4nti»  W.  En.  160 

madertntit  Lam.  •  161 

in4^  Clus.  .        -  882 

UyrtimUe*  Purih  -  156 

m^rtifbUa  Walt  •  162 

opicailfl.     -       -  160 

laxlfl6ra     -       -  161 

magelltoica       -  161 

9ar.  Nutt.          •  161 

PerMo  Ait.  -       -  161 

prinSkUa  A\X.       -  164 

religibta  Bart.      -  162 

roimariniflUia  L.  •  162 

Tomlt6rla  Ait.       •  162 

JNeioktes  Dum.  G.  -  154 

Illidam  L.       -  20.  1111 

florldinum  EBig   -  20 

religlbsmn  A<«.    -  1111 

InearvUiea  Spr.     -  661 

gramd^fibra  Spr.    -  661 

lomentd§a  Spreng.  671 

Indlg6rera      -       -  1114 

nepal^uit  Hort.   -  1 1 14 

Iron  tpood      -       •  622 

Isabella  Grape        -  137 

hika  Borck.  -       -  539 

alpigma  Borck.    -  539 

/ftcioa  Moench       -  639 

Is6merls         -       -  1118 

arbdrea  ^Titf/.        -1118 

I'teaX.  •       -       .  489 

virglnlca  L.  -       -  490 

VvmL.   -       -       .  548 

flrut^tcent  L.         -  548 

Ivy          -       -       -  497 

/«y  Fine         -        -  141 

Jaeoh^^a  Bonp.     -  551 

maritima  Bonp.    -  551 

Jasmine  ...  654 

JasminSidet  Mich.  665 

acviird/iim  Mich.  -  665 

JT^^ndmiM  Du  Ham.  669 

Jatmhtum  Fortk.  -  6.M 

arbbreum  Hamllt.  655 

chrgtSntMemum  R.  655 

fraUcansL   -       -  654 

heterophf  Ham  R.  655 

ketrropMilUmt  M.  654 

bdmneZ.     -       -  655 

offlctnile  Ir.  -       -  657 

fbliU  arsfotett  L.  656 

fblils  al^ls  L.  C.  656 

a6ribus  pltels  ff.  696 

publgerum  D.       -  656 

rerolutum  Ker     •  655 

WalllchUnnm  £.  -  656 

Javanese  Oaks       -  893 

Jersey  Elm     -       -  716 

Jerusalem  Sage     -  672 

Judas  tree      •       -  256 

Juglandicea  -       -  788 

Jikglans  L.      -       -  738 

6&aUn.      .       -  738 

^SlftflMilK      .       .  738 

SibaWx.       '       .739 

ovdta  Marsh.        •  739 

aimdra  Mx.  -       -  737 

amMgma  Mx.        -  742 


OMguttffbUa  Ait.   • 
aqudiiea  Mx. 
eatbartica     - 
clnArea  L.     -       • 
oomprfua  Gcrtn. 
qtOtidrica  Lam.   - 
fiicifdUa  Lodd.     - 
/rtueinifblia  Lam. 
Mbra  Mtihl. 
beteropbfiUa  Hort. 
tac/midsa  Mx. 
mucrondia  Mx. 
wtifristia^f6rmtt  M. 
nigra  X. 


737 
734 
735 
739 
736 
733 
748 
741 
733 
739 
789 
741 
784 


obcorddta  MCiblenb.  740 


oblAnga  Mill. 
<ai9aj6rmis  Mx.    • 
Ficon  Miihlenb.  - 
poreina  obcorddta 
fldfirmi*  Mx.    • 

VAT.     -  «  - 

Pterocdrya  Mx.   - 
rdgla/,.        .       - 

mixiina     • 

laeinidta    - 

•er6Una  Derf.    - 

t£nera 

rVtra  GBrtn.    • 
rigida  Lodd. 
soMombia  Mx. 
tulcdta  Willd.       . 
tomeiUbia  Mx. 
Ji^ube    -       -       - 
Juniper  -       .       . 
Junlperus  L.  • 
abama  Lod.  • 
aipina  Ray    • 

minor  iitT. 
barbad^nsis  L. 
Bedfordiana  Hort. 
bermudidna  L. 
canadhuta  Lod.    - 
caroliuidna  Du  R. 
ehinensis  L. 
commkni*  fi  Fl.  Br. 
commdnla  L. 

canadensis 

depr^ssa  PmrA 

erbeti*  Purah     - 
/atUgidta  Dtatl. 

monidma  Ait. 

ntea  Wmd. 

obl6nga 

p6ndula     • 

sardUtiM  Pall.    - 

SmttAUArb.Brit. 

suddca  Ait. 

riil^rl*  Park.  - 
dakrwa  Hort. 
dealbilta  Hort. 
drupAcea  JLo^. 
excdsa  fPAML 
ModdzSeUede     - 
flagellir6rmis  Ht.  - 
gussaf nthtoea  H.  - 
hemispha'rica  PsL 
hitpAHieaUm   '- 
HodMniina  P.  W. 
kmd»6nica  Lod. 
huitSniea  Mill. 
IfcIaL. 
macroc&rpa  S. 
mijor  BeUon. 
mdfor  Cun.EjalL 

omarrednaK.    - 

montpcticmimn 
n^nor  Fudis 

montdnaB, 
ndna  Smith  - 
nepal6nsU  Hort.  « 
obuinga  Hort. 
Oxf  oedrus  L. 
Oxfoedrus  var.    - 
phosnlcea  L. 
pkenUcea  Bauh.    • 

fil^eiaVUvih. 


735 

736 

736 

740 

741 

740 

743 

733 

733 

783 

733 

783 

736 

742 

739 

739 

738 

167 

060 

060 

086 

081 

081 

089 

089 

084 

082 

084 

089 

081 

OBI 

062 

082 

081 

081 

081 

081 

082 

083 

061 

069 

061 

081 

081 

089 

084 

081 

089 

089 

089 

088 

087 

089 

086 

085 

087 

083 

083 

083 

064 

083 

081 

081 

081 

084 

062 


083 
087 


prottrdim  Michx.  -   |f>^« 
recdrra  Hmtm.       -  Ji  ?•<« 
ripmt  Nut  -        -  l<X 
SmUna  Dod.-        .  lo^ 
SaAjMiMUl..        .  IflKS 
Sablna  ...  lou 
alplna        .       .  ia« 
cupreaaifdlia  i<«r.  lOKS 
fol.  varieg.  MarU  10NJ& 
prottriu   .       .  I(H6 
tamariadRAIaJaL  I0h6 
•or.  Pall.  •       .  lOMt 
gibiriea  HorC        •  IQKI 
•quaaitai>o«      -  IffeM 
a^tunsdaa  Wall.    .  lOtf 
sfricftf  Hort.  -        -  IIHI 
•rnfciea  Mill^        .  1081 
tetragftna  H.  B.   -  lom 
thurlfora  L.  •  10H9 

UTireraZkMS  .  1089 

Tirginiina  L.        .  1(M4 
homllts  Lod.      .  lOM 
carolinlina        .  IQM 
vnigdrit  Raf .        .  1081 
fiutidboa  Baah.    1081 
Kfilmia  L.     - 
angustifbUa  L. 
a'iidia  Bartr.         .    €00 
cuneita  Mr. 
gladca  Ait    - 

rosmarlnlfMiaPA  «B0 
hIrsikU  9VaU. 
laUfbliaL.    - 
polifblia  Waagh.  .    5eS 
KmnpminmianaOn.   141 
Kentish  Cherry      .    sn 
KenhtekgO^fbeTret  9S6 
Kermea  Oak  .        .    8K3 
K6rrla2>fr.    -        .    198 
Jap6alea  Dee.       .    S94 
fldre  pltao         .    aiJS 
Knee  Pine      -        -    W* 
Kolreutdria  Lmgmu     l»t 
panlcuUta  Loam.      las 
paulUnHMeai:^.     195 
Kraaehfminmikdmm     677 
Kra6nkia  Rafia.    -    f«4 
LabUceie        -       -673 
Labtimum      •       -   314 
Liieatkea  Sal.         -      73 
jMrNteSaL   .       .      73 
Larch     ...  1093 

LixiX  TbMTNL  -         .  105« 
amuriedmt  Toonu  1015 
americiaa  Mr.     •  1066 
ptedula     .       .  1056 
proUfera    -       .  1(M6 
rubra         -       •  IQU 
arvAan^iMM  Lava.  1004 
eanmMnrit  Touni.  lOlK 
Cidrm  MilL-        .  1067 
dakkricn  LavK     -  I0S5 
daoidma  MUL        .  1003 
europse^  Dm.      •  I0e(3 
oonmdnia  Lmmt.  lOM 
oonpicta  XaiM.  1064 
dahorioa    .       -  1065 
fl6reilbo  -       -  106« 
fl6re  rQbro  H.  T.  1054 
latermMla        .  1066 
Uxa  £mm.        .  1064 
ptodula  JLawr.  .  1054 
Biblrica      .        .  1064 
intermedia  Lawa.  •  1065 
fMseraof  raa  Lava..  1C6B 
orientdUi  Tooni.-  1067 
pindnia  Lava.      .  1056 
GodaalHi  G.M.  •  lOSS 
rnciuLavs.     -  1053 
pniUlera  Malcm.  -  1086 
r6»sKa  Lab.  -       .  1064 
$nnper9irtnt  Biey.  1016 
Miblriea  Flach.       -  1064 
LaurAe—  -    681 

LadmsL.  -    6R| 

087  I    a$ti9dlis  L.  . 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1151 


m$iiviU»  Wangh.  -  «5 
4»«<AraM  Wnid.  .  686 
alettmMna  Lab.  ■  1100 
tuiUkrU  Lam.  • 
Benidin  X.  • 
HSDfMMia'Llii. 
carolin§i»U  OUet, 
glibra  PtirM  - 
pob^foenf  Pmrtk 
obtiisa  PurtA  - 
Catesbiana  Mm.  - 
diotpprSides  Mz.  - 
Diosp^nu  P^«  - 
M^rmteMill.. 
genlcalilta  Mg. 
meUMUBfUia  Walt. 
n6btiii  JL.  .  . 
amgmttMlia  Lod. 


685 
683 
663 
688 
68S 
683 
683 
685 
685 
683 
685 
685 
681 
68S 


crfapa  lodtf.      -  688 

fidre  pltoo         -  688 

iM.  war.  Lod.    .  682 

latifMia  AfiU.     •  688 

■aUdfbUa  Sip/.  -  688 

unduUUa  Mill.  -  688 

▼arlegilte  Smt/.   -  682 

Psekdo  Befudin  Hx.  685 

S4MafhttL.  -       -  683 

£oMf«i    .       •       -  895 

Laureala  Gwa.     -  688 

LaureatlnuB    -       •  516 

Lavender        -       -  673 

Lavender  Cotton    -  548 

Lavandula  L.  -       -  678 

8plca    ...  678 

Leather  Wood        .  698 

LddumL.       .       .602 

tex(rdtfaim  Berg. .  602 

canadfaiBe  ImU.  •  603 

Erenldndicmm  Reta.  603 

MbMamAit,      .  608 
pai6stre  Mz. .       .603 

paltiitre  L.  -       -  603 

decdmbens  i<A.  603 
ternllifbUmH  L'H.  602 

sfleuacmm  Out.    >  603 

lAymdfdtfaifN  Lam.  602 

Legamlniceat         -  194 

Ijeiumlnd«e  •       -  1114 

Lwiphf  Hum  Pen,  608 

proftratum    •       •  608 

thymif  6Uum  Fers,  608 

L^lospimutm  W.  466 

acaftmrnW..       -  466 

Leuc6thae  D.  iloM  .  668 

acumhuUa  O.  JOom  569 

azilUri*  D.  Don  .  568 

longif  dlia  -       -  669 

florlbanda  D.  Dam  5fi9 

ipiciU  G.  Don      -  669 

•pfanildta  G.  Dom  -  669 

L^rvettirU  tVall,  -  543 

formdaa  tVaU.      -  544 

Ugmmm  Rmnph.    >  933 

MpiidMcm  Rmnph.  983 

LlgQstrum  Tou.  G3S.  1116 

«n*iiiHcim  Bauh.  638 

IttUcumWU.        -  629 

japtelcum  Th$mb.  681 

limceoJdIiim  Lamb.  630 

AtftfdMim  Vltm.  631 

Idddum  Ali. .       .  630 
floribdnd.  DonakL  630 

nepaKfue  Wall.    -  680 
nepal6nie      .       .1116 

tpiciltum  Aiaai.     .  680 

gUbmm  Hook.  -  630 

pesOtwmn  Wall.      -  1116 

Tulgire  Ttag.       -  628 

ancuttlf6uiim    .  689 

chToroc&rpum    -  639 

lenoodlrpum      -  689 

■emperrlrens     -  639 

rarlegiltum        -  6*i9 

xantboc£rpam  -  629 

LOieeum  Renault  637 

rofkomaghue  Ren.  637 

Lilae  Monich  •       -  637 


minor  Mcrach       .  Si 

ptrsica  I^am.        >  637 

wwUgdri*  Ovrtn.    .  636 

LUiZces.       -       -  1099 

Llin6nia  WaU,       .  1118 

Laurdola  Wall.     -  1113 

Lime  Tree     .       .  63 

LindfH  Tree  .       .  63 

Ling       ...  559 

LfquidAfi^ar  Lin.  936 

Liquldfimbar  L.     -  938 

Altlngla  Bl.  '       -  983 

drftor  Pluk.  -       .  988 

asplentfdtium  Lin.  986 

Imbirbe  WiUd.     -  933 

hnterbi*  Sm.         -  933 

oHentdlitmW.      -  933 

Seregrlnum  Lin.  -  936 

CYTiciaua  L.       .  933 

Linodiudron  Z..     -  86 

Tullpirera  L.        .  86 
integrifbUanoti.    86 

acutif  OHa  Ifr.   -  86 

fUva  Hort.         -  86 

obtuaUoba  Ms.  -  86 
Live  Oak        -       .886 

Lobddinm  Raf.       .  191 

arom&ticum  Raf.  -  191 

LobloUff  Bay  .       -  73 

LocuMt  Tree    .       -  233 

Loiseleitria  Dett.    -  601 

proeCmben$  Desf.  •  601 

Lombardy  Poplar  -  887 
Lonlcdrete  -  524.1116 
Ixmicera  DecA  &36. 1116 

alpigena  Sieven   -  539 

alplgenaiV.  -       -  539 

siblricaDw.      •  539 
aUdica  PalL  .       .540 

baledrica  Dec.      .  529 

brachppoda  Dec.  -  537 

ccrikleaX.    -       •  540 

orrftXraCaid.       -  540 

canadhui*  R.  ft  S.  536 

CaprifbUmn  Deaf.  589 

Caprff6Uum  L.    -  528 

dkm^iw/«  Hort.     .  534 

cOr'a/aDietr.         -  632 

cUiita  MUk.  .       -  536 

clli6sa  Potr..   632.  1116 

oonfiUa  Dee.        -  533 

eonndta  Meerb.     .  538 

cauc6$ica  Pall.     •  540 

DiervUla  L.  -       -  585 

dioiea  Lin.  Sytt.  -  530 

DouglMIDrc.      -  530 

etrdsca  Sanii  .  588 
etrOaca  Hort  F.  Aui.  588 
HAvaSAM      •        .539 

JUxndsa  Lod.  B.  C.  534 

flexudaa  Tkunb,    -  534 

glabrdta  Rozb.     -  534 

Gd/«ftY  Spreng.       .  530 

grandifl^a  Lodd.  586 

gtiUilA.      -       -  631 

hiipidaPaA.-       -  637 

bispldula  DoHig*    -  681 

Mrtkta  Baton       -  589 

WiMoiBieb.'       '  540 

ImpKxa  AH.  -       -  589 

baleirica  FHt.    -  589 

inrolucrita  Banks  588 

Jap6nlca  Tknmb.  •  684 

Ledebodril  Ac*.  -  638 

longlfblU //or<.  -  636 
media  Murr.  .       .580 

mextedna  Hort     .  689 

mlcroph^lbi  WHU.  589 

mongoliea  Po/L    -  681 

montdna  Hort.     -  689 

nilgra  Thunb.        -  587 

nigra  X.        -       -  686 

campanifldra      -  586 

oblonglf  611a  Hook.  839 

occidentAlit  Hook.  638 

orientills  Lam.     -  640 

PalldsHLed.        •  540 


Pagt 

KrTlfl6ra  Lam.    .    680 
riclf  menum  L.      587 
b^lgtcum    .       >    627 
quercifbliom  Ait.  688 
fer6tiDum  Ait.  .    588 
ptlbM  FF.       .        .    533 
pubescent  8wt.     >    589 
punfcea  Simt        •    536 
pyrenilica  L.         -    536 
purendica  PalL     .    540 
pyrendica  Willd.  .    535 
•emperrlrens  AH,      531 
Br6wnii  Gordon     538 
m4}or  Ait.  -       .    533 
minor  AH.  -       -    533 
tibiriea  Hort        -    535 
tjmphoricdrpoi  L.     541 
tataricaMx.  -    5.16 

tat£ricaL.    -       -    635 
albfflbra  Dw.     •    535 
latir6Ua  Lod.  Cat.  535 
latea  Lod  Cat.  -    63a 
rubrlflbra  D«c.  -    535 
MteiSiMDec.        .    540 
virginidna  Marsh.     681 
v/<&raMuhl.         -    540 
Xvldsteum  L.       .    537 
leucocArpum  Dec.  537 
melanocirpam  D.  537 
xanthocarpum  D.  537 
Loranthicee  .       .508 
Lorinthus  /..  >       .    510 
europc^ua  L.        .511 
LbtutLoh.     .        -727 
dr&or  Lob.    .       -    727 
arghUetu  Brot     •    235 
UbwmJJndl.'        .    362 
berberifblia  LAuf/.    852 
Lucombe  Oak.       .    859 
LS^cIumL.      .       -665 
itrum  L.       -       -    668 
rlgidum         .       .    668 
b&rbarum  Lam.  D.  667 
barbarum  Lour.  C  666 
birbarum  />.  -       -    666 
VM^ar^Alt        -    666 
cMnime  A.        -    666 
fi  Dec.  Fl.  Fr.   .    668 
boerkaavfa^fbUmn     669 
bmxifbUum  Bauh.      173 
chinfose  M.  -       -    666 
ekinhue  N.  Du  H.    667 
europ«*um  L.      •    665 
europce^um  fi  Dec     668 
kaUmifblium  W\\.    666 
kaUmtfbUvm  Mill.    668 
keteropkjfUum  Morr.  669 
lanceoUtum  .       -668 
oboritum      -       -    668 
orttum  -       •       -668 
ordiam  N.  Du  H.      666 
rigidum  Booth      -    668 
rutbfoicum  -       -    667 
cispicum  Pail.      -    667 
Mdicifblium  Mill.  D.  665 
spatuUtum    -       •    668 
Utiricum  PalL     .    667 
Trewiinnm  -        .    667 
turbhidtom   .       -668 
Lybnia  Unit,  .       •    664 
arbbrea  D.  J3M    -    666 
caprecf  dUa  Wata,     668 
ferruginea  N«U/.  -    666 
AronddsaNntt.      •    667 
marginita  Don     -    565 
rubra  Lodd.       >    666 
marlitna  D.  Don    •    566 
obI6nga  SwL      •    666 
Bultiflbra  Wait,  -    667 
panlculita  NtiM    .    567 
racembsa  D,  Don  .    566 

a  Ida  NmU,  '       -    566 
idfblia  Watt.    .    567 
Maeartnqi  Rote    -    823 
MacMmNutt.        -    711 
aurantlaca  A«</.  •    711 
Maerotkprtut  Spach  184 


discolor  Spach      >    134 

Madeira  Haily       -    161 

MagnollAceas  -     81.  1111 

MagnblUL.   -     81.  1111 

acuminata  L.        -      89 

Cand61U  San'    -     8P 

Utifdlla      .       .      8Q 

mixima  LotU.  -      29 

strMU        .       .      29 

aaricuidrU  Salisbw      31 

auriculdta  Lam.    >     81 

pyramidita        .     31 

conspicua  5a/fs5.  >      33 

Soulangedna      -      33 

Alexandrlna    -    33 

sped&sa  .       .     83 

oordita  Mx.  .       .      30 

ditcolor  Vent.        >     85 

denmddta  Lam.     •     85 

Jtondtta  Saliib.    -      27 

FrdteH  Walt.       .     81 

gladca  JL       .       •      25 

Burcbellitoa     -      26 

Cardbnll    .       .      26 

Gordonlina       -     26 

longif  Mia  Pursk      26 

sempenrtrens  Ht>rL  25 

TbompsoniinaT'A/}.  26 

grandifidra  L.       >      22 

angustifblia  Hort.    83 

elliptica  Ait.      -      23 

exonifosis  Hort.      23 

exoni§nsis  rar.  .      28 

femtf^nea  Hort.      83 

floribdnda  -       .      23 

fbliis-variegitls       23 

H&rwicus  Horl.    1111 

tanceoUUa  Ait.  .      23 

latifbiia     .       -      23 

ionglf  dlla  unduUta  83 

magordtoiis      .      23 

obovAta  AH.       -      22 

prae^oox  Andry  -      23 

rotundlf  blla  Svpt.     23 

rubiginbsa .       .      23 

ttrida  Hort.      -      23 

trlp6tala  L.       -     87 

umbrtlla  Lam.  >      27 

vdra  ...      23 

Kblntt  Dec.  .       .      36 

macrophflla  Mt.  •      88 

JfrcAo^/Hort    •      28 

obovdta  Thunb.    .      35 

precia  Correa       .     83 

purphrea  Sr'ms      .      85 

denudita  Lam.       85 

discolor  VefU.    -      35 

fridlls  .  .  85 
^bridaHbrf.  .1111 
Ulifldra  Lam,  -  85 
puraHuddta  Bartr.  31 
Soulangedna  KVL^^,  33 
tomeniota  Thun.  .  85 
Yklan  Desf.  .     83 

Mah&nlaA'tttt.  50.1111 
acanthifdlia  -  -  53 
angustifblia  .  -  II 18 
Aquir61ium  NuH.  51 
nutkAna  Dee,  -  51 
caragansefdlia  53 

IkscicuUris  Dec.  *     60 
ghtmdcea  Dec.     -     68 

B-fidlis         -       .  nil 
artwdgll     .       .1118 
lanceolitum  -       -  1118 
nepal6nsis     .       .     58 
nerrbsa  NtUt.       .     68 
p&llida  .       -       .1111 
rtoens  G,  Don      -     58 
nwclculiris        .     58 
tenuifblia      .       .     63 
tragacanthbldes    .     53 
trlfoliita    .       .      nil 
Malachodfndroti  C.       71 
OT^tum  Cav,         -     71 
Va/«s  Merat         -    486 
M^rtaMerat        -    486 


mUrtctmlrm  Dm. 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


1153 


AiniPolr.    -       -180 

Lj6nU  H.  S.  Gar.  184 

macrociriMi  Hort,  ISS 

macrotticbyA  Loit.  1S8 

MgUcU  O.  Jkm  -  131 

iMvtfcra  Lindl.      .  131 

pamifi^a  Hort.  -  129 

rQbra  Zam.  -       -  128 

argi^U  Q.  Don  -  1» 

hJimilU     .       -  129 

•ublaciniittafKflte.  1«9 

Pearl  Ttee     -       -  265 

Pear       -       -       -  417 

PeeaneNut    -       -736 

Perado   -       -       -  161 

Perid^metmm  MUl.  631 

amtertabtum  Mill.  631 

j^tfrffuSa^emit  Mill.  637 

mermSmicmm  Rlv.  •  627 

AortfiMcGetn.      -  627 

perfoMtmm  Qw.  -  698 

gai^fertfirau  Mill.  681 

«rrxMaciim  Rhr.  *  632 

Perlploca  L.  -       -  6fi0 

anguftifblia  Lak,  .  669 

grae'caL.      -       -  660 

£rir^d<aVahl       -  6§9 

macuUUa  Moench  669 

rikida  Viv.   .       -659 

PeriwinUe     -       -  667 

Pern^ttya  Oau.  678.  1116 

anguittfblla  LimdL  1116 

CummSnfrii  Lod.  •  679 

mlcroph/lU  Gatid.  679 

mucronAta  Oontf .  •  678 

CummingU        -  679 

pkOlMretefbUa  Hor.  1 1 16 

pilbM  G.  DoM       -  679 

J>CliDUa  OoaHf.       -  679 

Finea  Spreng.      -  683 

Borhimia  Spreng.  683 

8As$tffra$  Spreng.  683 

Persian  LUac-       -  637 

Pftrsica  Tomm,       *  966 

Vm'y\»Dee.    -       -  967 

vulgirisJ/AI.       .  266 

UbaLAutf.        .  966 

comprfsea  Hart  966 

11.  plteo  i7orr.  -  966 

rbl.variegitUH.  966 

Perkimon       -       -  696 

/Vrvmca  Soop.      -  667 

fNtaer  Scop.  -       -  667 

wmtgirU  Ywfk.      -  667 

Pttty  WUn    -       -  907 

PAa^Dalech.     -  868 

R'senhu  DaXech.  '  863 

Phalerocftrpiu  G.  D.  681 

•erpyUiAliiu  O.  2>.  681 

FbaseUeeB              -  948 

Pkateol^He9  R  Angl.  849 

PkObkhyiUat.      -  880 

Pbiladelphdce«  460.  1115 

PhiladaphueX,.  460. 1116 

floroninus  L.       -  460 

fl.  pldno  L.  C.  '  461 

nintu  MUi,  DM,  461 

variegAtnt  L.  C,  461 

TalgCritft*.     >  461 

corvmbdtms  Wall.  466 

floriMlndiM  &!*r.  -  463 

GordonUnue  Limdl.  463 

grSeU^  h.C        '  464 

grandtflfbniB  -       -  464 

gramdifibmi'       -  468 

^MMiMdrM  Undl.  469 

grtmdyU^rut  I6au$  468 

hlrtiktiu  2tf«tt.       -  464 

DMmiUM  Hon.        -  464 

Inodbrnel,.  -       -  461 

AMNWrtMHort      -  464 

latlfblioe  Sch,       -  469 

Uutm  L.  C.  -       -  464 

tfjrtM  of  lorae       -  461 

lixue  Sehrad.       .  464 

aexicinus  8ckr.  -  466 

mm^K^mBemih.  1115 


PaRc 

uepalftuis  L.  C.    -    466 

paA^MXiu  Celfl.     -    46U 

pmbtkeen*  L.  C.    •    464 

«prcibsus  Sehrad.  -    463 

ttatHmeui  W.       -    466 

Coment6siu  Watt,     465 

CrC^fdriM  RoTie      -    466 

Terrucdsas  Sckr.  •    463 

9tm$u*  L.C.        -    464 

Ze^heri  ScAr.       -    461 

Phill^rear.   -       -    631 

angtM(if51ia  Xr.      -    632 

hnchiiUAit.    -    633 

lanceoUta  il/t  -    69S 

rMmaiinlfblla  Aii.  683 

iUeiftlia  WlOd.     -    633 

foUucea  Lk.  -       -    683 

im  via  Ten.  -       -    639 

latifbliaX.    -       -    638 

l(tf</a/ui  Mill.  Diet.    633 

Ugnstri^iaViia.  633 

media  Lapeyr.  -    632 

serrdtaPoO.      -    633 

aerrdia  Tmi.     •    633 

tpindm  S«g.      -    633 

tphidsaW,        -    633 

kmgOhffaUk.    -    633 

ligaarUbliA  dii.   -    632 

tiguttr^iaia  MUL  D.  633 

m^diaL.      -       -    632 

buxiAliailA.     -    633 

▼irgAUilA.        -    632 

M^<M0T«n.Fl.     -    632 

obBqua  Ten.         -    632 

oleofdlUiltf.        -    638 

pfinduIaJtt.  -    633 

racemiaalX*       -    633 

aam^MTan.         -    633 

HrjfdiaVf  mi.      -    683 

PhldmitZ.     .       .373 

tnMdML.  "       -672 

PhotinlaZAMtf.      -    403 

arbiUifbUa  XAm0.  •    404 

d&bUX/mtf.         -    4()6 

Integrif&Ua  LimiL     406 

MrroUttaLAi^    -    404 

PhytUSdoce  Sal.     -    670 

empetrif6nnl«  D.  D.  671 

taxJCMiaSo/.         .    671 

PhysiAnthin  Mart.     660 

ObeiMMart.        -    669 

Plcea  D.  Don        -  1086 

•nAiUii        -       -  1046 

baltimea      *       -  1044 

longlfdUa  ilbeM    1044 

bracteftta      -       -  1048 

cephal6Dlca  -       -  1089 

FriUeri  •       .  1044 

Er^ndle         -       -  1046 
Irt^lla  -       -  1060 

n&phtha  Hort       -  1063 
nGtiOii  .       .       .1047 
NordmannUna     >  1043 
otoedia  Led.        •  1099 
orienUUiA  Limk     .  1099 
pectin4ta      >       -  1087 
cindrea      .       -  1037 
fblils  Tariegitli .  1037 
toitubnAwM  .  1087 
PlcbU  ...  1048 
Pindrow       .       .  1063 
PInsdpo        .        .  1041 
raligidsa       .       -  1049 
mdgdria       -       .  1026 
WebfaUna     .       .  1061 
Pleria  D.  Dan       .    670 
ovaUfblia  D.  Dom     670 
Pig  Nut-       .       .    740 
PlMiScIrr  RoK.        .    961 
kitpinica  Rox.     .    961 
Pinafler         -       .961 
Pine       .       .       .    9A0 
Plnoel..         .       .960 
A^biet  Du  Ra4      .  1087 
Jtbia  Un.    .       .  1026 
baUitmeaUmii.  1044 
acapulc6nsi«  Lod.    1014 

4 


1  Pi 

i    aObmca  Bobc 

o^iMMiBofC  .  994 
alba  Alt.  •  -  1030 
amrf^tlw  Dong.  -  1046 
americdna  Du  Roi  1036 
americdna  paHUtris  987 
rdbra  Wangh.  -  1033 
apulcduis  Lituil.  -  1014 
Araucdria  Mol.  -  1063 
austrMU  Mx.  -  987 
auetrlaca /TMf  -  958 
amtrkusa  HHm  -  958 
Ayacahalte  Ebr.  -  1038 
baUdmea  Lin.  -  1044 
Bankddna  L.  .969 
brade^taDotk  -  1048 
Bruntmidma  WaU.  1036 
brtittia  TiM.  -  -  968 
califomlina  L.  -  989 
canadhui$  Du  Rol  1090 
eanadinait  Lin.  -  1036 
^fli^nfiMt/dlf'a  Duh.  1018 
canari£nilt  Lin.  -  994 
caramanica  Bobc  >  967 
caramanihuliB.J,  957 
CaTendithiAna  .  999 
C^dnuLin.-  -  1067 
C^frm  Lod.  .  1016 
Ctobra  L.  -  .1016 
heUMcA  Led.  -  1016 
pitmila  PaU.  .  1016 
pygmc^a  -  .  1016 
fiblrica  .  .  1016 
canbroides  Zucc. .  993 
amglomrrdta  Grcff.  968 
cont6rta  Doug.  .  975 
Cotilteri  D.  -  -  985 
decidaa  WalL  .  1U36 
Deoddra  Lam.  *  1059 
DeTonLanaJUfHft-  1001 
DIckidDU  .  -  1083 
domfUiea  Matth.  -  965 
Dc«gld*ii&9i.  '  1033 
damwga  Lamb.  -  1036 
eckindtaWA.  .  974 
E§carinaB\uo  -  951 
ejecfUa  Ijun.  >  1026 
excilia  W.  '  -  1022 
filifdlia  LMU.  -  1008 
FrikMrii:.  -  .979 
iVa«<T^Purth  .  1044 
genuinsia  Cook  >  968 
Gerardiilna  FF.     .    998 

Gandft  Doug.  -  1045 
lep6D»i»  Aii.  -  967 
genu^naU  -  -  968 
fH^for  Ann.  d*Hor.  961 
maritima  -  -968 
minor  >    967 

Hartwdgil  Lindl  -  1000 
kiero$ofymitdna    .    967 
kirtaia  Humb.     -  1050 
JUrnSnicv  Cook.   -    961 
borissotUdliM  Don  -    993 
hmdiinica  Lam.   .    969 
kkmiU»  Tomtk.     -    956 
Inapt  Aii.      .       .970 
inefgnU  Dotw.      -    988 
iidermedia  Du  Rol  1056 
imiermedia  Lod.  -  1066 
Kefeya  Royle       -    999 
Khatrow  Ro^le    -  1032 
LatnbcrtULna  Doug  1019 
laneeoldta  Lamb.  -  1066 
laricina  Du  Rol   -  1066 
LarlcioPoA*         .    956 
ULTix  Lin.    .        .1063 
austrlaca  -       .968 
callbrica    .       -    967 
cararoiniea       .    957 
oorsicilna  .       -    967 
tOgra  Marsh.     .  1056 
tOirioa  L.  C.     .  1054 
subTiridb^.I>fl«A.957 
l&ia  Ehrh.    -       .  1080 

ifiophf lu  ScM.  .  ion 

LfmonidnaBen.  •    968 


LlaTeJIna  SeA.       -    ^ 

longiiblia /foarft.    -    996 

macrocdfva  Undl.    986 

macrophylla  L.     -  1006 

maridna  £hr.       -  1031 

maritima  N.  Duh.    961 

maritima  Lamb.  -    968 

maritima  Pall.      -    969 

ditera  Du  Ham.     961 

minor  N.  D.  H.     968 

jtrima  Mat.        -    967 

Massonidna  Lamb.    961 

MertxHtii  Lamb.  -  1034 

microcarpa  Pursh    1096 

in/crocd»7MS  Willd.   1066 

mltlsif/eA«.         -    974 

monidna  Baum.    -    965 

montereuhuit  God.  989 

Montezumc  L.     .  1004 

montlcola     -       >  1031 

Mbgko  Jaoq.  -       -    956 

mnndlU  D.  Don  -    989 

Seb$a  Goran         -    998 

nepaiimi$  Pin.Wob.  999 

nigra  Ait      <       -  1031 

nurican$  Hort.    -    958 

mgrtscenM  Hort.   -    9.*^ 

nSbUit  Doug.       -  1047 

Kordmannidna  St.  1042 

ocddentUis  S.      -  1016 

ooc^UM/d//*  Kunth  1004 

oSckrpA  Schd.       .  1013 

orinadlig  Un.      -  1029 

Pallasiana  Z,.        .    969 

paUutrit  yrmd.    -    987 

MoS/ca  Booth     .    988 

plUulaS.  ^X>.       .    993 

fdmsstrlctlsAtM.993 

pSnduia  Alt.-       .  1056 

penic6Uu$  Lap.      .    961 

Picea  Du  KoT       .  1026 

Picea  Lin.     -       -  1037 

dnhrea  B.  C.      >  1037 

Ptcbta  Lodd.         .  1043 

Pinfister  i<i/.         -    961 

Aberdbnis  G.  M.  963 

Bsearinus  Arb.  a  963 

f  5Ui«  varleg^tis  -    963 

fr£giUs  N.  Du  H.  965 

Lemoniinua      .    963 

marltlmua-       .    968 

minor        -       -    968 

Pindrov  Ragle     -  1052 

Plnea  L.       -       •    966 

erotica  Abri.      -    966 

ponderdsa  Doi^.  .    981 

FseiVlo-Strbbus    >  1008 

pumlUo  Hitn.        .    966 

FlscherlAwM  -    966 

Mdi^us     -       -    956 

nSvuLMatt.     .    966 

rubraefblU-        •    966 

pfSngens  Mich*.    -    971 

pyreniica  L.  -       .961 

radiata  Don  -       .990 

rrAg^dMHumb.    .  1049 

resiniisa  ilcl.  -       .    972 

rigida  ir<ZI.  .       .977 

romdna  H.  S.  Gard.  957 

ribra  Mill.    -       -    961 

rd^ra  Mill.   -       -    962 

ribra  Michx.       -    973 

ribra  Lamb.        -  1082 

rup^siri*  Blx.       -    969 

Russelliana  X.      .  1008 

Sabinidna  Do«^.  -    983 

Sabinidna  var.  Hrt.  986 

uUtpa    «        -        .966 

gativa  Amnt         .  1016 

Mo^a  Baah.  -       .    965 

acaridsa  Lodd.       >    958 

serfitina  Mz.         -    979 

ser6trna  Hort.       .    987 

aibiriea  Hort.        .  1043 

sinensis  Lamb.     •    999 

SmUkiAna  Wall.   .  1088 

tpectabtlit  Lam.   .  1061 


1154 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


MwmndMB 
Strdbus  L. 


SR 


Bote 

.  lOtA 
£lba  Hort.  -  -  1018 
hrvwifblUi  Hon.  1018 
campritui  Bootk  1018 
n5ra  Lodd.  -  1018 
cylrettrft  L.  •  -  9M 
s^ivfstru,  S^e  Rauh.  1016 
altiica  L«dr6.  -  9M 
CNiiAro  C«m.  -  1016 
divaricita  Ait.  -    9G9 

EpneT§n>ls         -    9«U 
aguen^nais       -    953 
horiionUlto        -    952 
hkmitit  y  NeiJ  -    955 
intemiddia         -    953 
maritima  Ait    -    955 
mooopnf  lla  Hodg.  953 
motuana  Sane  >    953 
monldiM  >>  Alt.  -    955 
itf^rAoMatt.     -    955 
rigfnsia     .       -    953 
•cari5u      •       -953 
tortu6M     -        -    954 
undniu    -       -    952 
▼uigiric     -        -    952 
M^ritca  Tliore       -    961 
Tw'da  L.      -       -    976 
alopeemrSidea  Alt  979 
tatatiea  Ham.  Nars.9A9 
UuifbUa  Lamb.    .  1093 
Teoc5te  5.  4r  D.    -    991 
timorlfntU    -        •  1000 
tuberculita  Don   -    990 
turbinilta  Bote      <-    975 
pariabt'lii  Ijamb.  -    9H0 
wtriabtlis  Tunh   .    974 
vemutta  Doug.       •  1048 
virgim'ina  Du  Roi    970 
oirginidma  PIuIl.  .1018 
H'ebbiana  WaU.   -  1051 
Piper  G«r.      -        -    673 
agri$ti$  G«r.         -    673 
Piptinthui  SwL     -    198 
nepal^nsls  Swt.     -    199 
FIsUciaL.      -       -    184 
gUaniica  Deaf.      -    186 
chla  Deaf.      -        -    186 
Lenttacua  L.         -    186 
anguatlfiklia  i)«r.    186 
chla  N.  Du  Ram.  186 
masnlihuis  MIU.  D.  186 
qfflcin^rum  H.  K.      185 
rtticuUUa  WiUd.  -    185 
Tereblnthua  I..    .    185 
aphaprocirpa  Dec.  185 
vera  Mill.  Diet.     -    185 
TdraX.         -       -    185 
narbonCnala  i?.  3f.  185 
trifdlia  Lni.  djprc.  185 
Piatachio  Nut         -    184 
Pl^nera  GmriL        -    728 
a9«d/ica  WUld.    •    726 
carpmifblia  Wata.    726 
crni^/a  Deaf.       -    726 
craUUa  Mx.  •       -    726 
Gmdllnl  JtfJr.  -    726 

Kicbirdi  Mx.         -    726 
Mim^bliaVx.       .    726 
Plane  Tree     -        -    927 
PlaUnilce*     -        -    927 
PUtanua  L.     -        -    927 
acrrifhUaVfm^..    928 
cuneita  Willd.      -    929 
kisp6nica  Lodd.    -    928 
HUermUia  Hort.  •    928 
maerophiUa  Cree     928 
ocddentaiia  L.      -    981 
hoterQphflUHrf.1118 
A'ceritfhUo  Too.  928 
amdaiiaia  Alt     .    929 
orientiUa  £. .       .927 
aoerlfdlla  ilA.    .    928 
cuneilta      .       .    929 
hiap&nlca  -       -    929 
^  vera  Park  -       -    928 
Ploughm.  Sp/kauird  546 


Pimm      -       •       -    270 
PodoeSrpuM  Swt    -    942 
macropk^Utu  Swt.    942 
Poet'a  Caaaia  -       -    095 
PoiBon  Witod  -        -189 
Polifblia  Buxbaura     360 
Polygoniceae  -   978.1117 
Polygonum     -        -  1117 
caucdticum  HoflVn.   678 
erispum  par.  m  Sima  676 
frutfseeru  WilM.  -    678 
tomi(/'d/iaim  Bauh.    937 
marinmm  Tab.      -    937 
parvifdlntm  Nutt.     679 
polfgommm  Vent.  •    679 
▼olctnicum  Ana.  -  1117 
Pbmeae   ...    352 
Pomegranate  -       •    456 
PondBuik      .        -683 
Poplar    .       -       -    819 
pMitar  4f  Virginia       86 
Populua  Toum,     -    819 
aeerifbUa  Lodd.  -    820 
acorlfdlla  .       -    820 
•syptlaca  Hort.     820 
cindicana  •       -    820 
h^brida  Rieb.     .    820 
p&Uidtt  Hort.     -    820 
pfindula      -        >    820 
adadfsea  lindl.   -    825 
diba  Bieb.     -       -    820 
dlba  Mm.      .       .    820 
Slba  Trag.    -       -    824 
£lba  L.  -       -       .819 
loff/dtfaLob.     .    819 
MfHiaaae  Boo<A  -    826 
nivra  Mart.        -    819 
nbra  Audib,       -    828 
angnlAta  Aft.        -    828 
anguBga  Mlchx.   -    828 
arembirgica  Lodd.    820 
arg6ntea  Michx.    -    829 
bebam^era  MtU.  .    828 
balaamlfcra  L.      -    830 
fblHa  Tariegatia      830 
intermMia  HorL    880 
latif  51ia  Aori.   -    830 
auardolena         -    830 
TiminAlis    -       -    830 
b/lgiea  IxidA.        -    820 
botulifdlla     -       .825 
canndinaia     .        .    824 
canadtoaia  Maenck     831 
c£ndlcana  Ait.      >    831 
c6ndican»  Lodd.   -    820 
c«n6acena  Sm.       -    820 
carotfnhuis  Mopoch  825 
cordiu-        -        -    831 
cordifblia  Burga.  -    829 
crmsifblia  Mart.  -    820 
dilaldin  Alt.  .        -    827 
fkstlgiau  Detf.      .    827 
glanduldta  Monch    825 
grae*ca  Ait.    -       -    823 
grandidentlta       -    823 
grisea  Lodd.  -    820 

heteropkpUa  Du  Rol  828 
hoterophf  11a  L.  -  829 
kudsontdna  -  .  825 
kwdsSniea  Mich.  -  825 
bpbrida  Dod.  -  821 
intrrmtdia  "Mert.  -  820 
itdhca  Momch  -  827 
ditatdta  Wllld.  -  827 
caroUnfntii  Burg.  827 
hevigetta  Alt.  -  822 
Utv&dta'^XWA.  -  824 
latlfSlia  A/imdb  .  831 
Ubyce'RKW  -  -  821 
macrophfllaLAadl.  881 
flN4MroBMIZa  Lodd.  828 
m4A»rMil1.  -  -  819 
marvt&ndica  Boac  825 
momtifera  Hort.  -  824 
monillfera  -  -  825 
fbliia  TaHpgiltia  .  826 
LlndlcTiiiA  Aw/A  826 


fi^ra  Michx.        -    sS 
ft^ra  Tng.  -       -    811 
nigra  L.        -       •   8M 
ameriedma  Led.     89ft 
itaUea  Du  Roi  .    8S7 
itaiiealjOdA.      -    625 
mSpea  Lodd.  -    S20 

MlM'a  Wllld.  .    819 

ontarlteaia  Detf.  -    831 
palmdta  Hort.      •    890 
ptmmdmiea  Jaeq .  .    827 
phtdmia  Du  Rol    -    821 
phtdMla  Lodd.       -    822 
pol6mica  Hort.       -    824 
PIframiddta  Hort.     827 
quere^/bUa  Hurt.  -    820 
'      dUa  Hort.    -    830 
Flach  -    830 
Lodd.         .    822 
tomemti^a      -       -    820 
trtmulaL.    -       -    821 
laerigiU     -       -822 
ptedula      -       .822 
tremuioidei  Mch.  .    822 
tr^pida  Wmd.       .    822 
vimindtit  IjoAA.    -    830 
viminea  Du  Ham  -    824 
virgimidna  lAa.    -    826 
piridiM  Lodd.         -    824 
miUulhui*  Hoirt,  •    S24 
PorciUa  PWs.        -      38 
trUoba  Peru         -     88 
Portugal  Broom    -    213 
Portugid  Lamrei    .    294 
PotentUlea    .     '.310 
PotentiUa  L.  ^       -    319 
CSmarmm  Scop.  -    820 
dakkrica  NeM.    -    320 
floribitmdaVh.      •    320 
frutM^sa  Buach    -    320 
fhitlobaa  L.  -       -    319 
daharica&T.    •    820 
tenuiloba&r.   -    320 
glabra  Lodtf.         •    320 
SaleadrU  StepA.     .    820 
tenmifbHa  Sdilect.     820 
PrieUjf  Ask    -       .    142 
PrlnoaX.        -       -    163 
ambffuua  M»,      -    164 
atomirlua  NmM.    -    166 
camadfntis  Lyon  -    165 
eonfhrtm  Mooch  -    164 
corlAoeua  jPvrjA  -    166 
deciduua  Dee.       -    164 
dilbiua  G.  Dom     .    166 
gldberL.      .       .166 
gldber  Watt.         .    166 
Gronbpii  Mx.        .    164 
UerigAtua  i>airaA  .    165 
lanceoUtua  PaircA     16-'W 
lieidfu  Ait  -       .    155 
tkadiu  Hort.        -    165 
padtfdlimM  WiM.  -    164 
prwotfblim  Lodd.     164 
▼ertidlUtua  L,    -    164 
PrtTet     .        .        .    638 
Prooemee  Rose       -   833 
Proeitu  Boee  -       .    334 
Prikniu  TYmni.  270.  1114 
euida  Ehrh.  >        .    278 
acumimdta  Mx.     -    275 
americina  Dar.    .    284 
argkto  Bigelow     -    291 
Armeniaca  L.  Sp.      267 
nigra  Deaf.        •    268 
ttustfra  Ehrh.      .    278 
dpinm  L.  Sp.        -    277 
Aorediit  Poir.        •    283 
briganOaea  VIIl.  •    S70 
cindicana  Aaft.   '•    S75 
canadensis  M.  et  S* 
earoUniUna  Alt.  • 
eaprteUaWan,    •    993 
eeras^era  Ehrh.  «    174 
eera^ldes  D.  Don     987 
Cirasus  Lin.  Sp*  -    178 
ehieasa  Punh       •    965 


CoeoanllU  7V„. 

dasgcArpm  Ehria.  . 

diTarkJIta  X,«^      . 

domteica^. 
arracnlSldea  Ser. 
fldre  pldno  BorU 
fM.  Tariecitia  J7. 

/Hrtiedoa  PaU. 

gImcOdJMWaU.  . 

/ffxa  BroaawMiet  - 


sr2 


inedna  Stephen     - 
inSrmis  Gmel. 
AuAifra  Walt. 
InaitlUa  L.     ^ 

fldre  pltoo  Heme. 

IVdctu  liiteo.4Qbo 

IHictu  nlaro  H.  . 

frtictu  rObro  H. 
Japdnaea  Thuah..  . 
latieeoldta  Willd.  . 
L«acr0o(ra«aw  £.  . 
imsitSmiea  L.. 
MakdiebU,  - 
maritima  Wmufewsk.  275 
«aaittiir'a>i^Ma«a  C  S4 
Mmt  Si«b.  -  -  1114 
ifyrobdlam  Do  H.      S74 


177 


291 

181 


myrobOana  L. 

IbUisTaric 
•liirnB  Ait. 
ntgracams  Ehrh.    . 
Padns  It.       -        . 
pamemldta  Ker     - 
penmsjfipanicet  U.  SL 
persioMUaUtaL  . 
prostrdta  H.  K.    . 

pub^aoena  Po^.  . 
paiA^acem  Ph.  . 
p^nilal..  . 
MVWhr^a  WUU. 
rfitfwAlt.  •  -  S91 
rtora  W.  .  . 
oaUemalAnSL 
sa^pa  Fucha,  Ray  373 
seweperjldrens  Khrh.  »l 
anmervirrm  WlUd.  S6 
arrMlM  Roch 
ser6tima  Willd.  . 
Mrmia/a  Ltedl.  . 
«/Airk»  Lin.  Sp.  . 
«(MiMii»  Pera. 
«pA<rroMrpa  Mx. 
4>fMdaa  Lois, 
spindaa  L.     - 

fldre  pldno 

f6UisTariefM«5 

macrocirpa  WaL 

mlcrocArpa  Wed, 

wktJkSer.  . 

Tulgiria  Ser.      . 
MMte&ia  HamUt. . 
wIrM  Ehrh.  . 
«^hl«M<)M  FlJCex. 

•i(Yna*aMi  MUI.    . 

PseSd-Aedda  Hmteh  ISS 

odordta  Mcaeh  -    1» 

PtdleaZ,.        -       .    143 

BaldwinU  Tbr.fG.  144 

trifdltau  L.  -       .    144 

pentaph^lla  JAm.  144 

pub^acena  Pan^    144 

Pterocdcems  Pall.  -    680 

apk^Ums  Pall.       .    680 

Pterocirya  JCauU*       74S 

caucAsica  Kmetk       743 

POnica  Toairm.       .    456 

€anerwdn0ndmaF.  4ST 

GraoAtum  L,       .456 

alb^acena  i>rr.  -    437 

fl.  pldno     - 

flJTum  Hort. 

nansun  Pera. 

ri^brum  Dec. 


274 


171 

171 

rt 

171 

m 
iri 

171 

m 


'    291 


•  4S7 
.  487 

•  417 

•  456 


fl.  plteo  7Vm  •   497 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


1153 


P^nhia  Dee.  -       -  ^ 

txidtntkUDte.      -  Vfl 

Pyracfintha     -    875.386 

VfTMA  LhuiL   '  417.  1116 

ac£rba2>«B.          -  426 

A'^eMrat  GaertB.    -  417 

•InlfMIa  LiiMtf.     -  449 

AnuUmeMer  WiUd.  412 

mnericina  Dec,    -  438 

americtoa  Dec,    -  440 

ainygdallf6rmis  Ktf.  422 

anguf tifdlla  ilO.  -  430 

Mttala  Munch.     -  427 

arbutif  51ia  L.  i«.  •  446 

iotennddia  ZmdI.  446 

piimlla       -       -  446 

ser6tlna  Lindl,  -  446 

A^iaJSArA.           -  432 

acuminiUa  Hort.  433 

acutifdUaDtfc.  -  483 

angusUf61iaZ.AMl.  433 

buTutaLiiMtf.    -  433 

cretica  £f luf/.    -  433 

tfdft/r^Hort.        -  483 

longifbiia  Hort.  483 

obtusif  6Ua  Dec.  438 

ovdiiM  Hort.       -  433 

rotimdtfbUalAoTt.  433 

nigdM  LindL     •  433 

unduUU  LindL  433 

astracinlca  Dec.   -  427 

aucupdria  Gtertn.  439 

iSutiglita   -       -  439 

fdlUtTariegfttls-  439 

Ihictuiateo       -  439 

amricuidrH  Knoop  428 

auricuUU />«c     -  438 

Aaarbltu  Scop.     -  368 

bacdIUL.     -       -  427 

bollwyllerlinaDtftf.  423 

boUwgUeridnaJ.^.  423 

BoiryipiMH  L.  fil.  412 

camadintu  Hort.  -  440 

Chamam^spiliu  L.  449 

eommknis  Loii.    -  442 

oommilDis  L.        •  417 

A'chras  WalUr.  -  418 

fldre  pl6no         -  418 

fdlH«variegAtis.  418 

firtictn  ▼ariegdto  418 

j&tpida       -        -  418 

Pyr^ter  Waiir,  418 

■angulnol^nta    -  418 

utI?a2>(V.         -  418 

t^Mstri*  -       -  426 

ooroiulrta  L.         -  420 

corondrta  Vfang  -  430 

cremUa  D.  Don    -  435 

Cydbmia  Lin.  Sp.  -  460 

depr^saaX.  -       -  448 

dlolca  W.      '       'All 

domfstiea  Sm.inB.B.449 

ediUi$yn\\d.         -  485 

eUeagnifdb'a  A.B.  422 

eLemgntfbit'a  PaU.  428 

lloribtindaL.        -  447 

foliol6fa  WaU,      -  445 

gUmd^bsa  Moench  354 

grandin>UaL.       -  448 

heterophf  11a  J9.    .1116 

hirclna  WaU.        -  446 

MpbridaMasnch    -  444 

kQbrida  taiMtginb$a  443 

indica  Co/r6r.        .  485 

imtegrifbUa  WaU.  405 

Intermedia  JSArik.  -  434 

anguftifdlia       -  435 

latTfbUa      .       -  434 

Jap6niea  Thunb.  -  450 

lanugtndut  Dec.    -  443 

HMuai:.       .       -  426 

Ifa/w  Sm.B.B.  .  426 

amtira  Wallr.  -  426 

kObrida  Alt.       -  426 

mUiJrWaUr.       -  425 

tKlvislru  Fl.  Dan.  426 

melanocirpa  W,  -  447 


Pmb 

subpubSsoensI..  447 

Michadxii  2?o»c.    -  495 

microc&rpa  Dec.   •  441 

nepaUneti  Hort.   -  435 

nlTiLlls /.n».>B.      -  421 

N4iuia  Ham.        -  407 

ova/i^  Wllld.         -  413 

orierUiUis  Horn.    -  422 

PdshiaHam.        -  424 

pfrsicm  Pars         -  421 

pinnatlflda  Ekrk.  488 

arbdfcula  Dee.  439 

lanurindta         -  438 

ffodUila     -       -  489 

veHa  L.  Hant.  493 

pikbeni  L.     -       -  448 

pUmita  Hort.        >  430 

prunlfdiia  fF.        -  486 

FyrAiter  Ray       -  417 

rivuUrit  Domg.     •  437 

rublcdnda  H^^h,  449 

salicifblia  I.. .       -  422 

MUcifdUalMlt.     -  422 

salTiRklia  Dec.       -  421 

tambucipMa  Ctaati.  444 

tangvinea  Ph.       •  418 

Schdttil  £r«4^.         -  432 

Siethnli  Led.       r  432 

nbv.  tp.  Sferera    •■  432 

ShtdtDetf.   -       -  421 

sindica  TMfufn      -  421 

Bin^nsit  Ltfuff.       -  422 

Hninait  Voir.        -  450 

siniea  Royle  -       -  422 

S6rbus  Gartm.     -  442 

malif6rmis  Lod.  442 

pyrlffirmis  Lodd.  442 

cpect£bilis  iltf.     -  431 

spuria  Dee.   -       -  444 

pindula  HoTt.    -  445 
$amlfUc(fbU'a  H.  B.  446 

itipuldcea  Uori*   -  438 

tyMstris  Dod.      -  417 

•yMttrit  Magnol  -  422 

toraenUMa  Dec.     -  449 

torminAlis  A'ArA  -  436 

trilobiu  Z>«c.        -  487 

▼arioldM  HTi//.     -  484 

vesUU  WaU.         -  435 
QnercusZ,.      -849.1117 

aeuminiUa  Hort.  •>  888 

acilta  Tkunb.        -  898 

acutifMU  WiUd.   -  904 
acut^fbUa'Hew     -1117 

cgilopifbUa  Pert.  889 

tegilop(/6lta  wmd.  889 
iE'sifops  2,.  -       .860 

latifblia  Abrf .    .  860 

ptedala  Hort.    •  860 

agrifbUa  Wnid.    -  879 

A'lamoiiiMlA        -  904 
tibaL.          -       .862 

paldstris  MickM.  862 

pinnatifida  M».  -  862 

;)mn a<i/Ma  Walt.  862 

repinda  Mx.      -  862 

v/rg^MdiM  Park.  862 

ambigua  Humb.    '  903 

amblgoa  WiOd.     -  870 

omtffTcdita  Pluk.  -  871 

anguttiUA.        -  894 

annuUta^ffi.        >  888 

apennlna  L.  •       *  854 

a^M^fca  Lod.       -  874 

aqu6tiea  Sm.&Ab.  875 

aqii4tica  SoL         •  876 

eUmgdtak\t.      -  876 

maritima  Michx.  876 

ifretOaHam.      -  881 

amuUa  Rox.        -  916 

ispera  Bo$e  •  889 

auetriaea  WiUd.  .  856 

auatrdlls  Cook      -  861 

atutrdUeUnk      .  852 

BalldUDM.  -  882 

Ba»i$teri  hod.      -  871 

BttttisteH  Michx.  -  87C 

4  E 


Mi|/a  Ham. 

borbin^ryl*  Benth.  904 

Mcolor  WiUd.       -  868 

boreHaMx.-       -  870 

Br6nUiZ.AiA.       -  891 

Br6sia  Bote  -       -  889 

burguttdiaca  Banh.  864 

caiyclnaPoM       -  889 

cindicans  »FAIif,  -  904 

eariimisVnild.    -  800 

CMtdnea  Wind.   -  867 

castaneifblia  Mey.  890 

cofiaiiKurpa  Rox.  915 

CatesbKl  TFtUtf.  .  873 

Catdngea  ^Tom.    -  915 

drris  Uort.'       -  856 

C(rH$  Ollj.'       .  856 

CirrUL.      -       -  854 

cdna  mljor  Lod.  857 

cdna  minor  Lod.  857 

aiutrlaca   -       .866 

dentdtaWaiM.    •  858 

firondbta  Mill.    -  866 

fl]lham6n«i8       -  868 

hoterophflla      -  869 

laciniau     -       .866 

UUrbUa/forf.    .  869 

Lucombeina     .  859 

crlspa     .       .  869 

dentiita  >       -  860 

inclsa     .       .859 

•uberbM  -  859 

p&ndula^A'tf     "  866 

Rianal       -       -  857 

▼anegdta/^.  -  866 

TulgArit     .        .865 

(AAxkbMli  Bung.    -  893 

Chinquapin  Purth  867 

chrysopbfllaAtimA.  902 

e^^aWllld.       .  877 

chrindta  HYi/tf.     .  904 

ooeciferaX.  .       .883 

coaAfera       -       -  879 

cocclnea  WiUd.     -  869 

conc^ntrica  Lour.  893 

confortifdlia  Zfacm5.  904 

eongtomeriUa  Pert.  864 

CMtdta  BL     >       -  896 

crauifbUa  Hwnb.  -  903 

crassipes  Uumb.  -  901 

aoguskiAlia  H.  -  901 

erinita   -       -854.856 

yCfrrii  hln.     .  856 

euneita  Wang.     -  870 

cutpid&U  Tkunb.  •  893 

daphnoidea^.     -  897 

denidia  But.        -  875 

dieatitA  Tkunb.     .  893 

depriua  Humb,   >  903 

discolor  Ait.  .       .870 

tff«cofor  Wind.      .  871 

dlversifbliaFFOId..  904 

dysoph^lla  Beutk.  904 

elegans  Bl.   -       .896 

elllptica  WiUd.      -  904 

elongtUa  WiUd.     -  870 

E'acuIiuX.   .       -  863 

ejronihuia  Lod.     •  869 

expinsa  Poir.       .  8^ 

fpt^mrna  Roth       .  849 

fiiiglnea  X,am.        .  889 

ftXcduMickx.       .  870 

falJtenbergfntis  B.  862 

/astigiSUa  Lam.    -  849 

/^Vmi^M/ Hort.     -  851 

/iro*  Rox.    .       -  915 

ferruginea  Mx.     >  674 

^Ufe^aHort     -  851 

FontanMi  Gum.  -  885 

gemeUiflbra  ITiL    .  898 

gUb^rrimaiU.      -  896 

gUbraTAtnaA.       .  888 

glabr€acens  Bentk.  904 

gMlSca  Thunb.      -  888 

gladca  Tkunb.      -  893 

glauc^scensflKmA.  899 

Grainfintia   *       .883 

2 


grandlfblia  Don    - 

fiolMkte'M  Bom  -  855 

Hal&kla^o8  3vM.  854 

Hartwdgl  ZfejiM.  -  904 

Hhneri*  Dalech.  .  849 

kemispkm'rica  Br.  886 

Arm^jpAtf'r^ca  W.  875 

heteroph^Ila  Mr.  -  879 

kispdniea  Lam.    -  889 

kkmilis  Hort        -  886 

hamUULam.       .  889 

kkmUisWalt.       -  8n 

A^5rtMa  Hort.       -  886 

M^brida  hod.        -  886 

hfbridandna        -  886 

ib^ica^icv. .       .  896 

riexX.         .        -880 

Balldta      .       -  1117 

crlspa  Lod.        •  880 

faglfblia  Lod .     -  880 

integrifblla  Lod.  880 

latiftliaXod.     -  880 

longifMU  Lod.  -  880 

maryldndieaBay  876 

obUmga  Hort.    -  880 

saiio^ia  -       -880 

■erratifblia  Lod.  880 

▼arlegata  Ifori.-  880 

ilidfblia  W.  -       .876 

imbrlcita  Ham.    •  892 

Imbrlcdta  WiUd.  -  879 

ktedna  Royle        -  888 

indauJB/.     -       .898 

Infectbria  0/f«.      .  890 

KamrodpH  D.  Don  888 

ladnidta  Lod.      -  851 

lamell6M5m.       .  898 

landUSm.    .        .888 

lanceoldta  Hwnb.  901 

landfbUa  CAom.   •  904 

laniU   ...  1117 

lanmgindia  D.  Don  888 

lat^SUa  Hort.       .  879 

la^fbUa  mat  Bauh.  851 

laurifblia  W.         •  878 

h^brldaMx.       -  878 

UtSrinafl«m&      -  900 

LibAni  Oliv.  .       -  890 

llneUtA  Bl.    .       .898 

lobata  Wiltd.        .  904 

Lucombedna  Swt.  8A9 

eritpa  Hort       .  899 

dentdta  Hort.    .  ai9 

keteropkjUa      -  869 

ineita  Hort.       -.  869 

tuberbta  Hort.  .  859 

lusit^nica  Lam.    -  889 

mtea  FF//{(I. .       .904 

lyrAU  WaU.'       .  866 

fyrdta  Lod.  .       .870 

macrocirpa  H^.     .  864 

macrophyila  FFfl/rf.  904 

magnolicfdlia  W.  904 

mannlfera  IM.  864.  890 

maritima  WiUd.  -  878 

marul4ndica  Ray  >  874 

mexidina  Humb.  .  901 

mlcroph^lla  fFi/ML  904 

IftcAoiijrfY  Nutt.    -  868 

moldccajEU.  .       .  898 

mong61ica  FiJcA.  *  890 

mong6lica  LnuU.  -  861 

monMna  Lod.       -  871 

OTONiafMi  WiUd.  .  srs 

mueronita  WiUd.  -    904 

myrtifbUa  WOld.  -    887 

nana  Hort.  .       .886 

nitia  WlUd..       .    876 

nepaihuit    .       .  1117 

nigra  Thore-       -    868 

nigra  WiUd.  -    875 

nigral,.        -       -    874 

maritima  Mr.    -    875 

nina  ...    876 

oMmgd/a  D.  Don  888 

obOTlta  Bung.      -    8U3 

obtteU  Poir.         -    890 


1150 


GCNEBAL    INDEX. 


obiittAU  Hmimb.    -  % 

oftftwdlH  Alt.        -  878 

oliCusifblta  Dm     -  898 

obCufltlote  Mg,     •  866 

oUyafOrmta  -       -  864 

9HentiUit  Toura.  .  860 

laidMa  Toorn.  856 
D&lUdaAI.     -       .896 

paUitlruManh     -  86S 

pdtistris  fvau.  .  8n 

pandurdu  Uumb.  -  868 

;imMitf«<oa  Booth  -  1118 

p6mMa  Lod.        •  849 

peduncuUta  mVd.  849 

fMHglita   -       '849 

IMlls  variegitfa  -  861 

heteropbflU     -  861 

|>^ndula             -  849 

pub^tcen*  Lod.  •  849 

purpOrea  -       -  861 

patlollrl*  Ami*.  -  904 

PkttUu  Sm.  -       -  877 

Ph611osZ,.    -     876.886 

dmireuMMt.     -  877 

dndreus  ^       -  877 

hOmilis  Pmrwk  -  877 

UMtbntu  Lodi.  ~  901 

maiitimtts  Mm.  -  878 

fkmilu  Mx.       -  877 

•ericeiu     -       -  877 

qrlTftticus  Ma,  -  877 

Pkuiiata  Ham.     •  888 

pUceaUria  B(.      -  896 

platycirpa  Bt.       -  896 

plaiM^UotBwX.'  861 

prMloa  Pert,        •  889 

primokirs  WaUL  -  867 

jPrinaM  Lin.  -       •  866 

Frhuu  Sm.  -        •  866 

PrtnusL.      -       .866 

acuminita  Mm.  -  867 

CAiJtraapAi  Mx.  867 

MioolorlSs.      -  868 

montloula  Mr.  •  866 

iNOTKifo/a  Mich.  866 

paldttiis  Mr.    -  86G 

pdmila  Mm.       -  867 

tomenlbM  Mm.  -  868 

pruiiidta  Ateme    -  894 

pMikdo-cocclfera  •  883 

SseOdo-moldoca  BL  898 

*»eido-Sitbi!r  H.  -  884 

PKOdo-SikberD.  886 

Fontandiil    '       -  886 

pubfteens  Wllld.  -  868 

piilch^Ua  HuhA  .  90t 

pkmila  Mx.  -       •>  877 

p^amidtUi*  Hort.  849 
pyrenilcaFF.     863.1118 

racconbsa  Huok.     -  896 

rmarmdxa  N.  Du  H.  819 

Rdgnal  Lod.         .  867 

regt  tia  Bum.        •  851 

raffia /.md/.           -  891 

repftnda  Humb.    -  900 

nnicuUta //«mA.  -  903 

R^bur  Lin.  -        -  840 

/2tf»«rWUld.       .  851 
Ummgtmitsumljaan.  859 

flMtfcroea/7>tiNi  B.  859 

ttuOt  Mart.       -  851 

prdunenldtumM.  849 

roCundata  Al.        -  896 

rotundifolla  Lam.  889 
rObraX.       -    868.1118 
UraxacUMia  A.    II IH 

nifdM  WUld.       '  904 

aoZreird/ia  Hort.   -  851 

•alicffdUa  WiUd.   -  904 

sem«carpi(5Ua  8m.  808 

<4'*N/irrvfmw  Ban.  886 

UTicea  "Wind.       -  877 

•en-au  rihmA.      .  888 

MMlIifldra&i/.      .  851 
auttrilii     -        -859 

fiilkenbcrgtecU  -  8AS 

macrocirpa        .  859 


jmb^soeu  -       '859 

•^/^Rfarh.        .    851 

■IderfixyU  J7«h6.'    900 

SklnnerlJba*.    -  1117 

•plcdu  Hmmb.      -    909 

apidUaSiM.  •       •    891 

Bpltodena  WilUl.  -    904 

tqmatmdta  Rox.     -    891 

•MIdte  Wllld.       .    865 

attpoUrif  Hmmb.  -    909 

tMonifera  Lapeyr.   858 

saber  X.      -       -    884 

anguatifbllun    •>    884 

dent^tom  -       -    884 

latiAliam  .       *    884 

MDdaica  SImme    -    898 

FiMixiit  Piers.         -    858 

MwldrtoBart.       -    871 

tlnctdrU  IKdJtf.     -    871 

angoIdM  MtekM.    871 

ilnudca  MiekM.  -    879 

tamentdsm  D«c.     -    858 

tomentdM  WiUd,  -    904 

TdtaBosc     -       -    853 

TbmrmMrHiyrmA.  855 

tribtdSUet  Sm.     -    915 

trldens  I7«m5.      -    904 

«rflo5«WIUd.       .    870 

turbinate  A.         -    888 

TUmeri  jrau.     -    885 

tiifgmiga  Wanch.      875 

oreeoUrU  Hook,  •    888 

veltuhta  Lam.       -    871 

Tdutlna  Lindl.     -    899 

ThnlnaiU  Amc 

Tirana  Ait.    - 

•MWdaaPluk.  -    871 

vininidnaTltik.  -    876 

xalaptedf  Ummb.     888 

Qmiekem  Tree         -    439 

Qmiekaet-       •       -    875 

Qmince   ...    450 

Raitin  Berberrp    •      49 

RanunculAoan       8.1111 

Raapberry      >       .319 

RedBay.  .683 

Red  Cedar      -       .  1084 

Red  Maple     .       -     91 

RMRoot        .       .180 

Rettkarrom    .       .999 

Retanilia  Broog.    •    179 

Ephedra  Brong:  .    179 

RhamnftceM  -    107.1113 

Rh&maiM       .    17a  1113 

Alat6miuJ:.        -    171 

angustifMla       .    171 

baMrtcaH.  Par.   171 

f  5Uls  argtetflls  .    179 

adreia     .       .179 

maculdtli        .    171 

hlsp£nlca  H.  Pmr.  171 

alnlf  blliu  1,'Atfr. .    175 

franaulfildea  Dec.  175 

aln(rd2fitf  Purih   .    178 

alplnuaX.     .       •    175 

grandifMtua       >    176 

amygdillnus  De^.     178 


•gundTtaem  H.  P.  179 

boxlfdlius  Po^.   .  173 

ftwr^/MBrot.    .  173 

calinSmlciu  Etch.  178 

oardiotaimmM  Will.  173 

carolinUnua  WoU.  176 

earpmifbUm  PalL  796 

caChfrrticuiX.       .  179 

CttaAWilld.         .  171 

cr6ceus  Unit.       .  178 

dahiirlciu  PaU.    .  174 

S'pkedrmlkimh.  .  179 

Erythr6xylan  P.  .  174 

angustiuimum  De.  174 

femigineua  H^M.  178 

Fringola  L.  >       -  177 

angiutirbUa  Hort.  177 

franiuldideM  Mx.  .  176 

bf  brtdus  X'Atfr.  -  179 

tnfuctbriiu  L.       -  173 


lanoeolitni  Pwrtk     178 

laCtfftUuf  L'HMt.     177 

UMTitbUiu  NmU    -    178 

lamajTMAM  MIIL  D.   173 

lydadesZr.  -       >    174 

Mdldrt  Pall.  Fl.R.  174 

Lidwn  Scop.       .    17S 

oMfbllua  tfaoft.    .    178 

PmUitrtu  L.  .       .108 

panrirdllus  Tor.^G.m 

partidfdlhu  Bert.     178 

pmtapkMme  Jacq.     699 

prunffMiua  An.    .    178 

pnmir61iua  Ami*    1113 

p«WnMMSlbth.  .    178 

pOmllua  L.   -       >    176 

PurthUnus  jDw.  .    178 

rotmtdifbiim  DnuL  171 

rmptUtJB  Soop.  Cam.  178 

aaxatUIsX.   .       .    173 

oewmerwtrent  Hort.  179 

SiUhorpianiH  SdkmL  178 

afon/M  L.  Syit.    .    699 

texinalfl  Tor.  A  Gr.  178 

dDctdrlua  wJdat.     m 

mkmSkdei  Guldens.     796 

umbelUtns  Cav.    >    178 

velftMAL.AI.      .    170 

Wlcklius  J«c9.     .1113 

HwfJtme  L.  .    167 

Rhododendron  L.  >    083 

anthopdgon  Do*  .    500 

arboreioens  T.     •    598 

arb6reum  Sm.      .    590 

Tendstum  2>.  Dms  500 

OfvnMWcMM  WalL     590 

OMleoMto  Dasf .    -    584 

bloolor  D.  DoiB     .    004 

calenduUoeum  Tbrr.  595 

ftHaldum  Hook.      095 

IteUum  AX.  B.     095 

MortdrU  SiP<.    .    595 

campanutktum  D.  D.  589 

camtschiticnm  P.     591 

can^scens  O.  Don     595 

catewbifoseMc    .    586 

RussellUuaum    .    587 

tigrlnum  HorL  .    587 

eaucisicum  PalL  •    567 

Noblednum  Hort.  5H8 

pulch6rrtmum  L.  587 

stramineum  Hook.  687 

ChanuBClstus  £.   .    599 

chrypOnihomom  L.    687 

dKaricttmJL..       -    081 

atrovlrens  Ker  >    591 

Ibrrugineum  Andr.   688 

Album  XmU.  CM.   588 

mlMaPers.       .    588 

fldTum  O.  Dam     •    099 

J^dtrmm  Hort.     .    685 

glaacum  D.  Don  >    696 

hirsOtiim  I.. .       -588 

variegatum        .    589 

hispidum  2*.  .       -    607 

k^bridmrn  Lod.  CaC.  585 

lapp6Bleam  ITaA/.    590 

lepidblumWM.    -    091 

macrophfUum  iX  D.689 

miximum  L.        *    565 

4/5«M  Punh     .    586 

furpiU'eum  Ph.      586 

mmm  Mx.    >       .    588 

nttidttm  T.    -       .507 

nudlfl6rum  Tbrr.  .    099 

fibum/).  XtoM  .    503 

ciroettm  JD.  Ooia    593 

coccineom  D.  Do*  693 

eximlum  D.  JDm   594 

Govenianum  X>.  i>.  583 

paplUon4oe«m  .    6S3 

parUtam  D.  Dois  598 

polyftndnun  Dom  593 

rikbnun  Lod.  J9.  C  594 

raUlans  D.  Dam     OM 

Seymodri  B.  B.     094 

BclntUlans  B.  B.    504 


thyrslfliknuB  B.R.S04 
^ffUmdle  Sallsb.        587 
fw<(rdAMn  Scop.  .    59) 
p6ntlcam  L,         -    584 
asalefildes.       -    584 
frdgrans  Ckamdier  686 
LdwU  G.M.      .504 
inacn>p*^/hMN  Lo.  586 
myrtirbUiim  Z^iri.  064 
obtdsnm  IToft. .    584 
Smithii  Sii>i.     .    064 
emideddmrnm     .    SM 
punctatom  Andr. .    688 
mi^usfer.       .   5«8 
•iteMfWata.      .    588 
purpdreum  G.  Don  586 
PtfrshilG.  IkiM    . 
Rhodbra  G.  Don  . 
setdsnm  D.  Don  . 
spedbsumAas     >   097 
Tlscbsum  Tbrr.     • 
omatura  8w**    • 
RbodbveaB 
iUbotfdru  Lin.  Sp.  . 
eanadtntiBh.  9p. 
BhttL.-  .186 

aromAticnm  i<//.  .    191 
eaoNtfiidrvNi  Bhrii     145 
ewuidfntis  Marsh.     191 
earofiim'diMM  Mill.   188 
copaUlna  L.  .       .190 
leucinthaJ^.      190 
CoriariaJL  -       .189 
CMnusL.   .       .187 
dlverstioba  7br.    .    199 
Hegam  Alt.  -       •    \m 
t^Sbra  WUld.  Sp.      IM 
gttbraL.      .      .    188 
cooelnea    >       .    188 
dioica         .       .    188 
hermaphrodite .     188 
kvpeebk^ndronU.    145 
4o6dlaHo6k.        .    198 
laArtna  ^tcft       .    199 
■vn^d/M  MMm  B.  934 
o*se*rMNBt^    -   7a 
pOmlUJAr.  -       .199 
rmdkmuL.  -       .190 
tAiAw^Eltia         .    145 
mm^olnuAit.     -    191 
MiMsfH*  Park.    .   984 
Afara  I>alecfa.     .   9M 
Toxioodendrool^.    ISO 
microcirpon  7.G.  I9U 
querdftdlum  7.G.  IM) 
nKlleans  T  kQ.     199 
•nigdre  Mx.  -  O.  IM 
^[mercifbUaUx.      IW 
rarikmw  Tor.    -    lUO 
nmerocdrpon  M.     191 
trOobate  Mof.  .    19t 
trifriidta  L.  CaC  .    191 
lyphlnaJL.    .       .187 
arbortsoena       •    188 
frutteens.      -   188 
vlrtdiadra.       .    188 
T«nenateD«&      .    18» 
•tfnur  Un.  Sp.    .    189 
9trgMidna  Buah.  ^    188 
9iHdifidrmro»r.    .    188 
BlbesX.        .    468.11l« 
adrrfynmn  Roch,     479 
adciiUre  An.       .   4T9 
aaumin4ttim  JV.  •   479 
olfWDoQg.        •   488 
albhitfrTUB  Ma.    .   479 
«MiMdN  IMaitk  .   478 
ayinsim  Sierera  •   479 
alslnumX..   .       -   477 
moelfimim  WaUr*  479 
fblUsTarieriktls-   478 
pikmihsm  Lmdi.     479 
sterile  WaOr.   -   477 
«liaicMnLod.Cat.   481 
MmrJediMM  MQl.     489 
mW^sfHm  DougL  .    48S 
armdtnm  Hort. 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


1157 


Pan 

ktro-porpliircmn  M,  4iSt 

aArcmmC(A\M,        -  488 

a6retan  Ker         ■>  488 

■dream  PA.  -       -  487 

prte^oox  LinU.  >  487 

tOHgtAmeum  Llnd.  488 

■erdUnum  LiMi.  48S 

▼Illtsum  Dec    -  488 

bractedfani  Dot^,  488 

CMNfNMMrfMMM  H«  488 

COMd^fUf  Lod.     -  488 

carp6thicinn  KA,  -  479 

c^reum  Domgl»     -  48ft 

CjpOthaJdL.        -  471 

Ihlctu  Mttledto  -  471 

frdctuglAbro     •  471 

jyiacinOM  LJU,   -  475 

dhica  Masteri       -  477 

lUoiea  MoBDch       -  477 

diTaric&tum  D.     -  471 

eektndtttm  Doog.  476 

firo*  Sm.      -       -  475 

114vinn  Coa.  -       -  488 

JUvmrnVerl.       -  488 

iMdumL*H(r,  -  481 

grcndifldnim  H.  491 

parrlflftnun  Hort.  481 

frdgram  L.  B.  Cab.  487 

>dl«fi!ldf«  Dec.    -  474 

glwAle  WaU.        -  484 

cloMdMftnMAlt.  -  488 

gloMteldMfM  R.  &  P.  488 

irvimdmm  Renth.  4H6 

gricile  ilfo.    -       -  478 

GroMulirU  L.      -  478 

Beneriikna  Beri,  478 

bractejlta  Berk  -  478 

hlmalay^na        -  473 

macrocfirni  2>ee.  478 

recUnltta  JM.  -  478 

aplnoflMima  Bert.  473 

•uUnirmii  JKrr/.  473 

U'ra-crtspa  Sm.  473 

heter6trichum  Mey.  483 

htmatayHmmt  Rorle  478 

hirt^llum  Ifr.       -  472 

hudaonUnum  AfcA.  484 

kSbrMwn  Beu.    -  473 

iudbrians  i^riMtf.    -  485 

irrlrattm  Domg,     -  478 

lacditre  Foir*       -  478 

oxracanthffldflt  -  476 

UuifibrumVli.      -  488 

longifldrumFmer  488 

m^JwHort.          -  470 

maiviceum  Benth.  486 

Mensidsii /*A.        -  476 

mlcrophjfUaH.J7.JC.  475 

miSiourihuis'Hon,  488 

multlfldruro  JTft.  -  479 

nigrum  Z..     •       •  480 

Mcca  fUTlda  H.  481 

Mcca  Tlride  Hort.  481 

fMlU  varieg.  F.  -  481 

nigrum  L.  Sp.       -  481 

nivemn  Lfndl       -  470 

orienUle  Ptrfr.      •  475 

orientile  CtnM    -  482 

osyacanthbldea  L.  469 

po/matam  l>eff.    -  487 

palmaium  Desf.    -  488 

pmrnyfoffw/cwm  C.  488 

peiunMivdmiatm    -  481 

^l/oldre  Dougl.   -  484 

petrn'om  W.        -  478 

pott/cikrpan  Orael.  48S 

proc<imbens  PoK.  488 

prostritwn  L.       -  488 

laxlfldmm          -  488 

panct&tum  R.  k  P.  489 

rectmdUmm  L.  Sp.  473 

reclMdtum  Hort  -  489 

fVCtmi^MM*  Ms.  -  481 

resiabfum  PA.      -  489 

rifniu  Mx.    •       -  482 

rkbntm  LoU.        -  477 

rdbrum  L.    •       •  477 


Album  Itatf.       .  4^ 

ciraeum  jiefi.   -  477 

domitHeJbde.e£ru.  477 

fbl.61boTarieg.l>.  477 

fol.  Idteo  yarlag.  477 

hort^nae  Dec    -  477 

•tblricnm  OUaker  ATI 

•jlrtetre  Dec    -  477 

Tarieglktum  Dee.  AT! 

MOgulneum  P.     -  486 

itro-rabensJlerl.  486 

glutinteom        -  486 

malTicemn        •  486 

nxitllePiitf.       -  475 

MtdaamLtelL     -  470 

•pecldum  Pik.      -  474 

•plcdtum  Jt         -  478 

spteiittm  Schnltn  479 

ttamtmemm  Horn.  -  470 

etmmineum  Sm.    •  474 

taAricom  Joegr.      -  1116 

tenuUdrum  Limdi  488 

frdctolilteo       -  488 

frUctUDlgro       .  488 

trlac£nthiuii  JfCNx.  474 

IHbeafi/AMm  Meos.  474 

trifldumMr.         -  479 

trUI6rum  W.        -  470 

trtftePdff.    -       .481 

iPwa  ertna  (B.  479,  473 

eaOea  I>ec.        -  473 

lyMflrir  BerL  -  473 

rlBOotlaairaum  Ph,  484 

vitffbUwmlAort.    -  479 

mJgAfvN.DalL  477 

itA?«/Mm  DiU.        -  481 

M^rwn,  ^.  Dill.  -  481 

BoblniaL.     -       -  938 

JiCdwafMPaU.      -  938 

omAlnMi  Polr.      -  936 

angtutmMm  Hort.  934 

Caragana  Lin.  Sp.  937 

ClamXdtfM  L'U.    -  841 

d&bia  roue,  - 

eekhtita  MiU.  Diet. 

/^rojrPall.    -       -  MO 

fimtiecetu  L.  Sp.  -  939 

"VaBleb.-  Ml 

\ra  Hort.  -  837 

MBot-Mag.  935 

\Qlodimiromlj.VL  842 

hlspidal..     -       .936 

macrophflU  Dec  837 

nina  Dec  -       .987 

rdaea  Pur**      .  837 

J^^rAte  Audibk     .  936 

htirmie  Dnm.  Can.  934 

imiermidim  Soul.-B.  936 

Jmbdta  Pall.  -       -  Ml 

maeraeSmtkm  Lod.  MO 

mUcrophCUaVen,-  938 

m6Ui»  Bieb.  .       -  830 

fMon/dna  Bartnm  935 

mcftUina  Bartr.     -  936 

PwQd-AcidaL    .  938 

amorphaeibUaZft.  984 

crtopa  Dee.        -  934 

fibre  mteo  Dum,  934 

in^rmla  Dec     >  834 

latUiUqiia  Pair.  934 

macrophf Ua  L.C.  234 

miforaphf lla /^.C.  934 

menftrbaa  L.C  984 

p4ndoU0rt      -  934 

precira  L«d.  C(tf .  834 

tophorwfMia  Lk.  934 

•pectfibiUs  1>MM.  984 

•tricta  Lk.         -984 

tortubta  Dec     >  984 

umbracuHflnra  D.  934 

pygmtB^a  L.  Sp.     .  MO 

riSem  N.  Da  Ham  936 

i^p^ndML.Mant.  -  MO 

epfnoiUsima  Laxm.  MO 

tomentdea  Plach.  .  989 

tragacantk&dei  P.  240 

trifliira  I/Hirlt.  -  M3 


▼licbaa  Vemi. 
Rock  Roee 


54 


.  961.1114 
-  391 
•    891 


RbMS      .         . 

Rbaa  7b«r».  - 
acipk$Ua  Rao. 
agrietia^ti 
SbaL. 
alplna  L. 

C  intra  DetT. 
eMaSrr. 

Itf'v&Red. 

IcVrit 

apedbsa  Jforf . 

•uIgiHe  Red. 
mmdMvhuU  Bat 
oiVw^fwJdM  Deaf. 
arvfntie  Schrank  * 
arr&uls  Hudi. 

arretblrea  &r.  > 

hfbridaI.fmtf.Jt. 


.    837 
-    886 


-  896 

-  898 


-    888 


844 
845 
845 


airoviretu  Vlr.     •  846 

baleSrha  DeMt.     -  846 

BinkalcA.A'.    -  349 

latea  Tratt.       -  849 

Bamksidna  A\iA   -  349 

bMcaBnt.        •  334 

bOUeaWil'       -  838 

berbertfdlim  Pall.  -  852 

bengalhuu  Pen.  *  843 

^fAS•aPoir.  -       -  338 

bSdra  KT6k.        -  398 

Aterraia  Mer.      -  387 

UawlaBrot.         .  834 

MiMdkiMSol.        .  896 

Atfrvvrt  Sm.  E.  PI.  888 

AroofeateDec      -  844 

bracte&ta  fVemdl.  -  888 

flure  plteo  HerL  393 
■ailnieadUs  i^iiidl.  893 

Arwfo^/a  Dec     >  844 

Brdumii  Sprang.  .  347 

BrunbniiZM/r  -  347 

cb^USm.     -       -  840 

emienddrmm  Munch.  839 

eumtpammiita  Ehrb.  336 

cmmaDec.       -  387 

eemkna  Roth         >  340 
cantnaL.      >       .339 

adpbf  11a  LhM.  339 

e«Va  Lfaidl.  R.  340 

pubiacene  Ait.  -  340 

Carolina  Z..   -       .  326 

emrolma  Ait.         -  895 

earolifU^mm  Mx.  .  396 

earvapkfiUem  Polr.  833 

cauci^ca  PolL      .  341 

c«n<Aaii'aMJU.Dlct.  334 

ceottfblia  2,.  -       -  833 

muicbaa  J#iZ<.    .  884 

pompbnia  Dec  -  834 
pruTinciAUs  MML 
cerea  Rouig. 

ckerok^tuis  Donn  349 

eUoropk^Uo  EhA.  838 

dnnambmea  Beel.  896 

dmnamdmea  B.  B.  897 

emmamlmea  Roth.  886 

r«5rt(dlui  Red.  -  840 
colOMSm.  .       .844 

coOhMWooda       -  839 

eoMneola  Ehrh.   .  397 

eorpmtUera  OneL  840 

emymMta  Bote    >  886 

emn^ea  Tratt.       .  350 

damascina  Aftfl.   -  882 

dahOricaPol/.       .  897 

Dickaonlina  J:..    .  897 

rfflfftfo  Roxb.       .  846 

d&«f«(»/te  Vent.-  848 

AMiWibel.       -  886 

Awia/r*  Becbst    .  389 

dumetbmm  Tktni.  840 

dumeibrum  B.  Bet.  838 

eckhuUa  Dupont  >  399 
EgUinterio  Lin.  Sp.  838 


399 

S99 
846 
346 


896 
335 
885 

895 
897 


334 

847 

148 


m9 
889 
344 
887 


831 


334 

395 
.  398 
.    350 


EghmiMaWXL  -    SS 

feeeumtttseima  Munc.  896 

fm'tida  Herm. 

Arox  Lawr. 
nltcnt  Xtedl.     > 

JtdvaDaa     • 

^6rida  Poir.  - 

r6rstert  5m.- 

fhixinifbUa  BSrk.  - 

firwufmrtiMei*  Roa. 

firemeqforUitma  Mx. 

J^ailnffMa  Dam. 

ftiitetbrum  JSeM.  > 

f^eea  Mcench 

gilllca  L,      .       - 

glandu^fera  Roxb. 

gtaiea  Lois.  -    839. 

gtauchecHe  Mer.  -    

gfmuoopk^Ua  Eh399.140 

glaucmk^Ua  Winch  840 

glutinOM  8m, 

grandUbra  Ltedl. 

fiiU/<r;  I  Kruk. 

keie^iea  HaU. 

kemispk^riea  Her.  829 

A«rp^^AoAMi  Ehrh.    844 

Artero^^ilia  Wood! 

hibimica  Sm. 

Utptda  Curt. 

Aotormcra  Roaaig. 

JUtofi^Marah.     - 

k^brida  VQl. 

hfttrix  LAidl. 

IbiricaAsk   - 

Indical..      -       -   341 

imfK»Red.  -  -  848 
«cann/«a<a  Bed.  848 
Blalril  D.  Dim  .  818 
carophf  Ilea  JKetf.  848 
cruenUJM:  -  349 
llar^icens  .  .  843 
y^4graiuRed.  >  849 
FraaeriAna  Horl.  843 
Lavfreneedna  Rd.  348 
longilblia  2,^mS.  843 
NobettlAna  &r. 
nlrea 

purpurea  Jt^d. 
Smithil  . 
ochroleilca  B.  R. 
odoratlMima  Zidl. 
pannbaa  Red.  > 
pbmila  Lmdl,  - 
T^gi^LhtdL 

httrmie  MIU.  DIcL 

Inodbra 

Inrolucrita  AmtAl  • 

iuToliita  5m. 

kamtachAtica  VemL 

kamiMckSliea  Bed. 

Klilkii  Beaf . 

UmgitaiU. 

ImgenitHa  ViU. 

LawrenceAna  <9i0l. 

Iemc6ntk9  Bleb.    > 
ocutifbUaBagL' 

LindUifdnm  Tratt. 

LindldVi  Spreng.  * 

iomgifiiia  WUld.  . 

lilicldk  £ArA. 

lUcida  JacQ.  • 

JftrAlaAnffir. 

HUea  Brot.    *       • 

lAtea  D.  Dam 
bleolor  Jwcq.     > 
fl6re  pldno 
H6ggll  D.DoM. 
punteea  Z.Im^.  > 
aubriibra  Red.  > 

lotAacens  Pmrtk  > 

macrophf  11a  L.    > 

miUiUl*  Jt'te  . 

mqfdlit  Herm. 

micrAntha  Sm.     > 

mIcrocArm  LhhIL 

mlcrophylla  AmtA. 

Mdtfr«  Sm.  - 


849 
849 
849 
849 
348 
843 
849 
349 
843 


8M 

831 


-  349 


848 

841 
840 
8M 
896 
349 
334 
334 
840 
889 


838 

899 
826 
397 
896 
887 
350 
393 
886 


1158 


GENERAL   IKDEX* 


moUisima  Btfrk.  -     X 
tmomipeiiaem  Ooumi 
MonteiQm*  Hmmb. 
nowhita  MiU.      - 

lldr«  plino  Q.  D. 

nepal^nfb  Lindl, 

nlvM  LHkU. 

r&$ea  Ser.  - 
mmltifldra  Rejm.  - 
multlflftra  7*AMtA. 

BottrM<lltll  Hort, 

GrerlUel  Hort.  - 
mkiiea  Fl.  Dan.  - 
mjrriAcintha  Dee,  • 
miffiffbUa  Hall.    - 
Mifnw  Mer.   - 
nitida  ^.      .       . 
nittUtt  Donn 
fliltwc  D«c. 
Hfwra  DupoBt 
odoratiMsima  Swt. 
ciptottfnniM  Ehrfa. 
paHsfrft  Bachan. 
pant/olia  Pall, 
parrlflbra  JEikrA.    - 

ll6re  pldno  itrrf. 
pimpmeUffiOia  Bb. 


839 

M7 

847 

S48 

848 

848 

840 

846 

847 

846 

8S7 

830 

887 

888 

8S6 

831 

849 

848 

849 

847 

8S4 

830 

395 

896 

899 

846 

888 

886 

334 

330 

883 

838 

844 

895 

895 

844 

830 

846 

831 

340 

840 

340 

387 

837 

338 

887 

834 

824 

398 

839 

839 

849 


pUUgpk^Ua  Red. 
polyantkM  Rotdf. 
pomifera  Herm.  - 
ponipbnla  Red. 
prcminciiUit  Bleb.  - 
prwrtnctiUU  Mill. . 
pmnieea  Mill.  Diet. 
r^imfNMW  Reyn.  - 
R&pa  Bote  - 
Redutia  rtijetcetu 
ripent  OmeL 
rer^na  W.  A  K.  ~ 
Xoxb^rgkii  Hort.  - 
mbClIa  Sm,  - 
rmbfc^nda  HaU.  fil. 
rubifiilia  it.  Br.  . 
rubrifblia  yoi,  - 
mbiglnbia  L. 
ftucrdnikalAl.B. 
Htodhra  Ldl.  Roa. 
pmnri/l^a  Rou. 
ribrn  Lam.  - 
/dctfa  RoMig. 
rmpettris  Crania  • 
Sablni  WoodM 
8abM  Undl. 
BoUeifdlia  HoTt.  • 
■anguliorhifbUa  Dom  399 
sannenUcea  Swt.  840 
tdnden*  Monich  844 
tedmdens  Mill.  Diet.  846 
■emperflftreiu  Omrt.  843 
cAmea  Rote  -  841 
minima  Sims  -  848 
Bempervhretu  Rom.  844 
•empenrlreQS  L,  -  845 
Clftrol  .  -  846 
flo6dMRed.  -  846 
$c£ndem  Dee.  -  846 
RusMlHAna  -  846 
semHebia  Adiar.  -  889 
•frplum  nua.  -  887 
§epium  Borkh.  •  840 
•erlcea  XiiiM//.  .  844 
»4rpen*  Ehrh.  -  844 
tinatHcifbUa  Sal.  -  852 
•Infca^t/.  .  -  849 
tmica  Lin.  Snt.  -  841 
tobHtfdlfM  Ben.  -  840 
•pinocluima  L.  -  330 
tptmotisiima  Oorter  397 

899 
330 
899 

vvSf 

887 
398 
399 
834 
•IfMsirit  Hem.  Dis.  344 


tcropkpUa  Ser. 
mtfrutcantka  Ser. 

•uaTdoleoa  PwrtA 
ramr/^A  Lfghtf. 
suAvU  »7ai. 
aulphlirea  Ait. 
»lflv&tica  Gater. 


•f  ttyla  Bai.  -       -    844 
ovate  UndL  Roa.  844 
t^dtaDwr.        -    844 
UdrlcaJBM.         -    897 
teneriffinsU  DoDn    339 
trmatoPolr.         •    849 
tomentftu  Sm.      •   836 
fomMldfa  Liodl.  .    886 
trifbiiittaJkim      -    849 
turUnita  il/l.       •    885 
franooftirtiiui  Ser.  835 
oriMMina&r.  •    835 
MfvMaPert.        -    825 
.  ms&iHstima  Gat.  -    836 
9driant  Poht        -    883 
TiUbMi,.      -       -    886 
vtUdMBhrh.        -    336 
•^rAM'aiM  Mill.    -    896 
Wfltonl  Borr.       -    831 
WiMMLLiMdl.     .    826 
Roie       .       •       -    891 
Bate  Aeaeia   -       -    236 
BoaeBoff       -       -    584 
Bo$e  Clare     -       -    846 
Bo$ede  Memut       •    334 
Roeemary       -       *   679 
Ro$aRtiga     •       •848 
RoMi  Waiow  -       .    747 
Bottnarmmm  Cam.     603 
$lfMaire  Cam.      -    603 
oiBcinUif  L.'       -    672 
Rowan  Tree  -       -    489 
Rubiioeae       -       -    544 
Rbbuti;,.       -  811.1114 
afflnis  W.%N.     >    319 
bracteditts  Ser.  •    319 
ca'tlus  L.     -       '    814 
arrtosls  Wallr,     815 
fdl.  varieg.  Hort,  815 
grandlfldnu  5^.    815 
panrlfdliut  WaUr.3\& 
carpinir51ias  }V.  ^  ^.  816 
colomu  Dec.         •    319 
eordifUim  D.  Don    319 
corvlif  Miai  5m.    -    815 
cinui  WaUr.      -    815 
gianduldsus  FT..    815 
corvtifblhu  Wahl.     811 
dellcibaus  T\trrev  -    819 
diveralf  dliiu  Z,/iMf/.  816 
diveritfdUm  WMk.  816 
eckindim  Undl.   •    816 
JlageUdrit  Willd.  -    817 
firambuBMidnma  Lam.  813 
frutiobeus  X.         •>    816 
fdl.  Tariedltlt    -    817 
fl.  r6«eo-pldno  B.  817 
leacocirput  Ser.    317 
pompdniiu  5^.  -    816 
U<lricas  florr.  -    817 
faaco-^ter  W.  %  N,  816 
glandul^ui  Sm.    -    S16 
gloiMteldtwff  Sprang.  815 
hisplduaL.  -       -    817 
IdK'ufll,.      '       -    813 
Ji^^elm  nigro  Dill.  818 
microphfllua  W0I.  313 
JandnicHM  L.  Mant.    998 
Kfi'hlerl  W.^K-    816 
laclnl&tus  JV.        -    814 
lacioefcrpus  Aovfe  .  1115 
macropfetalui  Domg.  819 
macropbf  lius  fV.  4^V.816 
micrfothuB  D.  Don  319 
N^M^Mtt  Hall.      -    311 
niUdutSm.  -       -    812 
natkiLnas  Moe,     •    818 
ooddentiUs  I,.      .    818 
oeddemtdU*  Hort.      817 
odorittut  L.  "       '    317 
odordtm  Hort.      -    318 
petmeifibruM  Llndl.     812 
pddlidtuVf.ttV.'    316 
plicdtMM  W.  ft  N.  .    811 
ptfca/w  Bor.R  B.  S.3I2 
proeHimbetis  Mtihl.     317 
rubtfdiitu  Willd.  -    31 G 


ri^dls  FF.  9  V. 
spectibnis  PM,      - 
•ttberfctus  iladb'. 
Uliiceas  Sm, 
triloba*  Dec, 
trMMM  Mx. . 
firgAiMNNif  Hort. 
R<iacai  ^      .       . 
aculejltaa  I..  - 

rotuadifbliua     - 
amgmttifdUms  Toa. 
H]rpogl6uum 
hTpoph^Uum  L,  - 

trirolQUum 
kUifdliut  Toom.  - 
l&ncf  Lodd.  .       - 
racemftttu  L. 
tHfolidtmt  Mm,    - 
Sallib&ria  Sm. 
adiantif 611a  5m.    - 
SaiiciU»» 
SiUx  L.' 
acomlnita  Sm, 
mcatitbUk  fVaid,  - 
Kgyp^acaX. 
alaternSldet  F. 
Uba  Koch    . 
&Iba  L.- 

caeriUea 

crtspa  Hon. 

rdsea  Lodd. 
alplna  Forbet 
amb^ma 

amb&ua  Hook.    • 
ambtgua  Ekrit.     - 

mijor 

ipiUhuUta- 

undulilta    - 

▼ulgArU 
amerhta  Walk.     - 
AmmannUna 
amjrgdillna  L. 
amygdilma  - 
ampgdSitna  - 

war.  Koch  • 
Anderaoniina 
andr^^Sfna  Hoppe 
angusutta />«rfA  - 
angvutif  dlla  Borr. 
angutUfbUa  Poir. 
aimwddrit  Forbes - 
Ansonltaa  F. 
appendietd^aTl.D 
aquiilca  Smith      - 
ardhiM^  4v.  Baoh. 
orMccHlaSm. 
arbigetda  Wahlen. 
arb^teula  WahL  - 
orMfCM/a  Wahl.  - 
arbmiifbUa  Willd. 
areniriaX,.  - 
aremtrt'a  Fl.  Dan. 
ttrghttea 
atropurpikrea 
atroTtreni  Forbe$  - 
aurlta  L.       -       • 
austrilli  fbrbet   - 
babyl6nica    - 

cnspa  Hort 

Napoletea- 

Tulgirlt  fta'm.  H. 
berberirdliaPotf.. 
betulifblta  Forbe$ 
bicolor  Hook. 
bioolor  Smu   • 
bicolor  Skrk. 
bigimmi*  Hofltai.  - 
Bonplandltoa 
Borreriina  Sm,    - 
atrUea  Sm.  • 
cc'sia  ytU    .       . 
dindida  fV/Ud.      . 
can^Kenc  JVOld.  . 
ckprpa  L.      •       * 
carin^U  Smu'tk 
carotinidna  Mx.   - 


Pagi 
.   KB 


816 
811 
819 
1115 
817 
813 
1099 
1089 
1099 
1099 
1100 
1100 
1099 
1100 
1100 
1099 
1101 
1100 
944 
945 
744 
744 
773 
748 
789 
769 
761 
761 
761 
761 
761 
789 
768 
7G» 
768 
768 
768 
769 
768 
758 
782 
752 
751 
752 
752 
779 
752 
764 
766 
771 
758 
779 
,770 
776 
757 
766 
781 
783 
789 
787 
771 
770 
767 
778 
788 
776 
778 
757 
786 
758 
758 
790 
787 
781 
783 
784 
749 
764 
788 
761 
785 
771 
771 
778 
785 
768 


oarpfnirMiA  &A.   -.    779 
eMrea  Hoet  -    749 

dodrca  L.     •        »    776 
dnireavar.  -        >    776 
coufSrml*  /briiasa  >     764 
cordkta  IfttMna.    .     795 
cordif  6Ua  Fmrak  -     788 
eorUcea  For^s     -     778 
cotlnifbUa  Aaa.      -     778 
craaaif  bUa  Fbrdee  >     778 
crlapa  Florbee         .     776 
Croweina  SotcM  .     784 
etupiddta  Sdi.       .     754 
damaactea  F.        -.     779 
damasoemffdiia  And.  779 
daphnSldea  FOt.    .    749 
DaTaliiina  5aa.     >     788 
dectpieaa  Hoffm.  •    798 
decumbena  Rr^ea      766 
DlckaonUna  Sm^  ~    TM 
dlacolor  MIUU.       .     764 
Doniina  SmUk     .    768 
dOra  Porbei  >        .    779 
EkrAartidmti  Sm.  -    7M 
eheagnSldes  5dl.  -    770 
Hegamt  Beaa.         -    786 
Jbe'tidaBm.  -       -    767 
fUcita  Pmr$h        .    768 
ferruglnea  Aitd,    •    779 
finmarchica  W,     -    7«9 
flrma  Ftnrbet         •    779 
Jtaia  Lin.  Soc.      .    7-tA 
Jloribinda  Forbea      794 
ForbeaUna    -       -    7» 
FbrbetH  Swt.         .    754 
Forbjrana  Sm.       .    748 
Foraterttna  Stm.    •    779 
fi-SgOi*  Koch      758.  799 
MiUigL.     -       -    79 
frdgitie  VfaodM      -    780 
fiSacal..        .       -    767 
argfotaa    -       -    767 
fa»^tlda       .       .    767 
incubicoa  •      •    767 
proetrAta    >       -    767 
r  teens       •       -    767 
▼uigiria      -       -    767 
ftiaeiu  ParraA       -    7<GS 
gemlnita  Arfrev  -    776 
gladcaZ,.      -       -    770 
gfatfea  Rodi  -       -    778 
gnaea  WOkL         •    765 
grtev  Willd.         .   765 
«iiAgte5rdte  Koch  76S 
grlaoo^naia  F.       -    7^ 
grteopbfllaF.       .    77i 

haatiuZ.  -  '  T» 
ariMiacula  «  -  789 
raaU(bUa  -  -7^9 
arrruttta  -  -  719 
hWxI,.  .  .  747 
helTfiUca  Fortet  -  779 
herbAcealr.  -  -788 
Aeters^^tta  Hoat  783 
heedndra  Bhrb.  -  7M 
topap*a£rdlui  Led.  7» 
faippopbaefbUa  T.  751 
birtaAncCA  -  -  778 
Alrte  Forbea  -  778 
HonnannUbaa  5.  -  752 
holoaerfcea  ^«.  -  778 
HoaatODl4na  P.  -  765 
HumboldtUaa  -  764 
MlfwOiw  Schl.  .  783 
inckna  SAr.  -  -  771 
Tar.  llneirla  Bar.  771 
Incantaoeoa  ?  Sc.  •>  773 
AKnAdccM  -    767 

KltaibelUna  IT.  .  787 
lactiatria  Fbrhe»  •  77S 
!«'•<•  Hook.-  .  787 
I^mbertikna  An.  •  747 
laniulr.  .  -  789 
lamceoUtta  Sm.  -  749 
kmeeoldla  9m,  -  772 
Liq>pteum  L.       •    770 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


1159 


Utif  Mia  rbrhe$  -  nS 
IkMoa  Smith  •  783 
LwamdmLiefdlia  Ltp.  771 
laxiflftra  AwT.  -  788 
llne^is  Forbet  -  773 
longifblU  Lam.  •>  77a 
liXeidaL  MUkiettb,  -  7M 
LydnUPSc*/.  •  76fi 
macroftlpulicea  •  773 
Mereriana  WWd.  -  754 
MichelUna  Forbe$  V2 
nollbtima  Ekrk.  -  778 
manamdra  Sal.Wob.  747 

9ar.  Hoflhi.  -  747 
mooipelltetls  F,  -  7(iO 
nontana  Porbe$  -  7S9 
Mahlenbergtina  •  766 
TmixMi\\%  Forbet  •  776 
MVninltctL.  -  787 
Myrtmitet  fi  Sm.  -  787 
mrrtUlSldes  L.  -  786 
MWffiUolito  Wllld.  785 
nigra  MUM.  -  •  7*3 
nigricani  Smith  -  778 
nltans  Andert.  -  784 
obovKu  i*Mr«A  -  771 
obtiuUdlia  WiUd.  771 
oleifdiia  Sfiu'/ik  -  776 
oppoKitiJbHa  Hoct  747 
on'nudltSt  4^.  Tour.  757 
p411lda  Forbes  -  773 
pnnudu  Forbet  -  773 
patens  ^or6e»  -  783 
pedicelUrU />A.  -  786 
ptnduta  Ser.  -  760 
penniylrinica  T.  -  766 
peniandra  Koch  >  754 
pent&ndra  Walt.  -  768 
pnuemftra  fi  lin.  -  754 
peiitAodra  L.        -    754 

hermaphrodltlca  754 
peClolirlt  5iNf<*  .  766 
petra^a  ilNtf«r.  -  781 
philljreirblia  ir.  -  784 
phylkifbHa  Lin.  -  783 
fth^lietfdlia  lAn.  -  779 
phgUelfdlia  fi  Lin.     778 

par.  Koch  -       -    778 

par.  Koch  •  •  779 
pieta  Schl.-  -  -  778 
planlf dlia  PA.  -  786 
polirU  fVahlenb.  .  788 
pomertolca  IViUd.  749 
PcHitcderina  W.  -  773 
Ponteder^  Bell.  -  773 
pra^OM  Hoppe  •  749 
prtnUldm  Pur$h  .  764 
procdmbens  fbr.  •  787 
prmntfbUa  Koch  .  786 
pniDirbUa  5m/M  -  786 
propfmdeni  Sering.  757 
proptoqua  Bar.  -  781 
prottrdta  Sm.  -  767 
proHrdta  Btarh.  •  785 
protecf  5Ua  Sdl.  -  769 
purpilkrea  £.  -  -  746 
pmrpkrea  Koch  -  746 
pmrpkrea  fi  Koch  -  747 
pm^hrea  var.  Koch  747 
Purthiina  Jfor.  -  761 
pTrenM»  Oou.  -  771 
radlcaai  SfiUM  -  788 
ratniftlica  Forbea  -  788 
reflixa  Forfot  -  766 
repent  Lin.  -  -  767 
ripettt  Ilooa.  •  767 
repent  Koch  -  767 
reticttUUa  I»  -  769 
recOM  £r.  -  •  787 
rr/ftM  Koch  -  787 
rethtaYflOk.  -  787 
rlgida  irjMI. .  .  764 
rf^»drto  WiUd.  -  771 
riTul4ric  ^irAi  .  778 
rotnarinilMla  L.  *  766 
ratmmrhtUbUa  Q.  771 
rommarimmUa  VL     706 


M  Koch  ••  «  666 
rocundita  /rfr.  •  779 
rotmmditbUa  Hort.  779 
r&braAiMfi..  .  748 
rd^a  Koch  -    748 

rVtent  Schr.         -    760 
ruptetrift  Dow       -    711 
RusMlli4na  An.    -    760 
Schleicherf4na     -    788 
Mrfoea  Fillart      -    770 
terppiltfblia  Jacq.     787 
•erpfllif6lia  Sco.  •    787 
Smithikna  FFiAtf.  -    778 
86rdkla  Fvrft.         -    783 
«pA/i«krii  Vill.        -    778 
sphacelita  5m.     •    777 
tpaihmtdta  Vfim.'    768 
tpathuidta  VflWd.'    769 
var.  UHduidta  Mert.  769 
•tlpaldris  SfMiM    .    772 
■trepkia  For6.       -    782 
Stuartiina  Sm.     -    771 
lubalplna  F.  •       •    771 
tenuifeiiaX..       .    781 
temtifbtia  Bng.  B.     781 
tenutfbUa  Sm.       -    784 
traaior  Borrer     -    782 
le«r&Mfra  WiUd.  •    764 
t6trapU  SmA*       .    783 
tetrasp^rma  if.     -    790 
tinctdria  Sm.        -754 
tri&ndraUog.      .    753 
trtandra  ym.       -    758 
tri^DdraX.  -       -    751 
ffUiica       .       .    768 
HoDpeina  -       •    752 
tritadra  undulita  752 
trittit  Lodd.'       -    766 
ulmifblta /brtev  -    790 
nnduUta  Koeh      •    749 
lanoooUuSm.  -    751 
unduiita  Forbet     751 
ITrtL^inl  Purth  -    787 
▼acdlnlf^lU  FT.    -    785 
Tand^ncU  For.      -    778 
▼enul6M  &n/f*     •    786 
▼eraloolor  F.        -    760 
•ertifblia  Sering.  -    768 
VUlaraUma  #Srjto. .    752 
rHlb§A  Forbet       -    790 
▼iminAlis  l^r<^       .    771 
TlmbUJliI,.-       .    773 
pioideea  Andr.      .    748 
Tir^fcena  Forbet  -    7G5 
Tlrgiu  Forbet      -    765 
pirMit  FrlM         -    760 
▼itelllnaX.  -       -    763 
vtUffi^it  CUjt.     .    768 
WaldftelniAna  W.     771 
Wdgeliina  Aw.  .    783 
WiUdenoriina      .    778 
WoolgariAna  Bor.     747 
WulfenUnaAN.    .    783 
Sallow    -       -       •    778 
Sallow  Thorn        -    686 
Saltbla  Bieb.  -       -    676 
fruticdaa  J9j€A.      -    676 
frmticdta  Lin.       -    676 
Silvia  L.        -       -    673 
oiBdnkUiZ.         -    673 
Salt  Tree       -       -    M2 
SaitxwedeliaTlWtltt.  811 
tagiUdlit n.Vfett.    211 
Samariam  Eim       •    143 
Sambdcea     -    513.1116 
SambQcus  T\mm.  -    613 
a^tidtica  Bauh.     -    532 
canadhuit  L.       •    515 
ctfrvifi/ Tabem.    -    516 
ladmidta  Mill.      .    614 
moiuirbta  Hort.  -    614 
momtdmaCam,     «    616 
mm  L.        -       >    619 
fol.  argfoteis    •   614 
lateU      -       .    614 
ladnUU    -       .    514 
lencodirpa        -    614 


noDftrdn  *      •    514 
rotundilblia       -    514 
Tir^soena  2l<e.  -    514 
pmb^teent  Lo.  C.  -    616 
piibeni  Mm.  -       -    616 
heptaphfUaJETooA.  616 
racemdta  Hook.  -    616 
raoembsa  L.         •    616 
ladniiu  JCoe*  -    616 
8anam6$»daBuah.'    689 
gldbra  Bauh.        -    689 
SantaUoea     -       -    608 
SantoUna  Tuum.  -    648 
ChanuecrpariMuaL.  549 
roamariniroiU  X.  -    649 
aqoarrbaa  W.        .549 
▼Iridla  IV.     -       .649 
Sapindaoe*    .       -    134 
AuHndm  l,.m.      •    186 
dba^Mft  L.  fil.     .    136 
Sapotacea      *       -623 
Sarothd$mtmtpdient    819 
Sarsanarilla   -       -  1095 
Saaaafiraa        .       .683 
SaTln      ...  1085 
SaxlArftgen     .       -    498 
Scampaton  Elm     -    733 
SdUmtf  R.  Rep.     -    193 
dentdtaR.'Bep.    .    193 
dep(ndem»  on.     -    193 
SchmSlxia  Dear.    -    191 
Sckubirtia  Mirb.   •  1078 
ditticha  Mlrb.       -  1078 
Scdrpiut  Mcench    -    307 
tpindtut  Ma»nch  -    307 
Scotch  BkH     .       .790 
Scotch  Fnr       -       -    961 
Scotch  Laburnum  -    316 
Scotch  Pine   .       -    951 
ScotchRate    .       -    830 
Sea  Buckthorn      >   698 
Sea  Grape      .       -    987 
Sea  Purslane  .       -    676 
Sea  Ragwort  -       .661 
SenddoXeat.         .    660 
arborttcent  H.  K.     547 
Clnerkrla  Dec.      -    661 
StteliBmub.   -       .    495 
ttlhidpicnm  Bauh.     496 
/Hue*  Mot.  -       .495 
Sepen  Sittert  Bote      846 
Shell  Bark  Hickoiy    739 
ShephlrdU  ^««.  .    710 
argentea  Nntt.     .    700 
canad6nala  Smtt.  .    708 
Shrubby  Horsetail      937 
Shrubby  Trefoil  143.  319 
Siberian  Crab         .    496 
Siberian  Pea  Tree  -    8S7 
Siberian  Stone  Pine  1016 
Sider^xylon  Reem.      633 
chrptophyUSidet  Mx.  634 
toNr^Wait.  -        .633 
toMitfAidmrn  Ma. .    634 
^tftf^dnDuH.    .    623 
redindtmn  Mx.    *    628 
tericewn  Walt     .    634 
tpinbtnm  L.  .        .    633 
iAsarL.Mant.      .    634 
tinat  Walt.  .       .634 
SHiqnittmm  Momch  257 
orbtemidium  Moench  857 
C9r<ia/1HN  Moench  .    358 
SilTer  Fir       .       .  1086 
SirC.irager'tMt^    90 
Sloe  Thorn     -       .    S7i 
Smil&cett       .       .  1093 
SmlUx  L.      -       .1094 
ilba  Punk  -      -  1098 
alplna  IK.     -       -  1098 
6^a  Plum.         .  1096 
6$pera  Alp.  •       -  1094 
fcapera  L.      *       »  1094 
aurlculkta  AU,  .  1094 
mauritinlca       .  1094 
i«pcTa  minor  Plum.  1096 
4aperairar.  Iiom.  >  1095 


Btea>n6xX.  -  1097 
Bbma.n6g  Mx.  .  1095 
Brvbmittnigret  Cat.  1096 
cadaeaX.  .-  •  1007 
catal6nica  Pair.  -  lOOS 
China  X.  .  -  1096 
CKkna  Walt.  .  .  1096 
exG^laa  X.  .  .1094 
glatlcaAAw  .  1097 

glaica  Mx.  .  .  1096 
haatlLta  WiUd.  .  1096 
lanceoidta  Arb.B.  1096 
h6rrlda  HaiT.  -  1098 
U^pit  Cateab.  -  1096 
hmceoUUX.  •  1098 
latlfbUa  H.  Br.  -  1097 
lauriidlia  X.  .  -  1096 
UmgifbUa  WaU.  .  1096 
macroph^Ua  Roxb.  1096 
macuULta  AimtA.  .  1096 
mamrit6miea  Poir.  1094 
nigra  W.  .  .  1096 
isofs.|pMidta  Cat.  .  1098 
orientdUtToam.  .  1094 
oriU  Purth  -  -  1096 
pandurdta  i'wraft  >  1096 
perupidna  Sartap,  1095 
pabera  Willd.  -  1096 
pkmOa  Walt.  .  1096 
quadranguUris  .  1097 
rotundlfblla  X.  -  1096 
rdbeiiB  Watt.  .  1094 
Saraajparilia  X.  >  1095 
tamnSldes  X.  .  1006 
poriegdia  Walt.  -  1096 
ViUindaia  Ham.  .  1096 
Tlrglniina  ifitt.  .  1096 
WaltdrU  Pursh  .  1095 
W4taonl  Swt.  .  1095 
Snake-barked  Maple  81 
SnoufbaUlVee  -  583 
Snowdrop  Tree  .  630 
Snowberry  -  .  643 
SnowvMetpilmt  -  418 
SolaniceaB  .  .  1117 
SoUnum  Toum.  -  668 
ctimwcaR.etS.  -  664 
Duicamira  X.  .664 
TloUcea  A.£W«r.  .  664 
ilbaXAs.  .  .664 
cfcrnea  Celt.  •    664 

pldna  7bi»n».  •  664 
▼arleg^U  Iftm/.  .  664 
hlraiMaZ>oft  .    664 

rup£str1a  ScAmiktf  .    664 
littordU  Hort.       .    664 
tcandent  tHeA.     .    664 
Soph6ra  iS.  ilr.  196.1114 
heptaph^lla  X.     .    197 
Jap6QjcaX.   .       .196 
grandifl6ra        .1114 
p§ndula  Hori.        196 
pub^icens  J?.     .1114 
TarlegAU //orl.  .    196 
tinica  Kosaer  J.P.     196 
Adr^tMCranta        .    413 
^mdtfNcAwrCranri  418 
atneriedna  TYi.    193.440 
ameriedna  $  Mx.  •    440 
A'ria  Crants        .    433 
aneupdria  L.  Sp.      439 
aucupdria  m  Mx.  .    441 
amriaddta  Pera.  .    438 
Chamitmitpilnt  C.   449 
dom^tticat.         .    443 
hpbn'aah.    -       -    438 
h^bridapfnduta  L.   430 
Imtwmdsa  Kit.     .    443 
lal^Stfa  Pers.       .    434 
micrdntha  Dum.  .    441 
mierocdrpa  Ph.    •    441 
tpitria  Pers.  -       .    444 
tormindUt  Crantx     436 
MS/itoLodd.  Cat..    435 
Southernwood        -    660 
South  Sea  Tree      .    163 
Spaoiah  Broom     . 


□ENCRAL    INDKX. 


armpiic4titm  Q 


Seorfhu  L.  Bp.    -     I 


aM«i  Hon.  Pv.     Mil 

aUaiehult  Lix.   -   tm 
wi^&fHWs  Pill.-    M» 


DblDflKlfUta  C.  il.  » 


OOMinila  ICbU.    .    MM 


Jt*u,  Hon.  - 
xr<i»((i(»ra  l/id, 

Arwrtcfnuii  L.  ap. 
iirj«Hc[raii»  "- 


FiaksHaiu  Sir. 

UntnHJu  PM'.  - 
iK^nUU  -  - 
Mtj\H^I..   .        - 

TitamLo^.  Coll.  - 
Dbnrttji  WmM.     . 

Pnii^a  Don't  Mlii.  ns 


nxundinilli  UxU.  II 
nllctfflUi  L.        .3 


ulmftWIi  Se 
phitUnUu 
DiilwAK* 


Spurgi!  LMinH 


NERAL   INDSX. 


liuifltrm  Punh 
lum^iu*  Bbrta. 


TDMGiidia  Tree 


Amprtuigr/a 


emiftiMi  Wilt.  -    TW 


DkMhfll 


P^' 


^UiiiaBan. 


^  n.  Sr.    . 


ntuptriMli, 
krhOiaLad 


(T^Wi  Tor.  ft  O. 
MlDia  Tor. «  a 

rr'm.jptaa  Mub.  - 


1161 


hiUDil<  H'l 


mtaerteMrpaai  Alt    61 G 
^^Mrtw.Lod.     fll» 

DUrUDDiq  WoU.    .     SOU 

•UfyUMliciuii  Lod.  MB 
■nlDuUatiniin  Van.  SIO 

njnirAllum  ib,  .    Sit 

SjSiiiu.  i.f  *■  :  eoi 

WnUilMiAw*  6M 


paumltimnun  LukfiM 

lutttaauFM.    .  en 


4i:.  ear 


uUdntiim /. 


rtrgilum  Vlui,    -    BM 


££S, 


plimtffilHtm  Sm.  Ml 
{■ptnlcum  iArt.  -  1118 
liiTl(*Uiiii  W.      .    Big 


tl62 


OSNERAL    INDEX. 


grandirMta  J tf.  MO 

Cittf  5ifai  Lod.  ctii.  no 

IttDUiltfldea  Mm.    -  AM 

UurlflSmM  Xmhl  -  517 

LaotJlloX.  -       -  ftl7 

lobdtmm  Lun.      •  ftSS 
loogif  61iuin  L,  ColL  fM 

jftdUvMMiU.        -  ftir 

lUontlLnuin  Lo.  CoU.  BS8 

MuUika  Ham.  Ml.  1116 

nikdoin  £.     •       -  519 

Siamitttm        -  519 

ma  AH.          -  5St 

4»«lcMr«  Mfibl.    .  5M 

6'puhuZ».   -     -  sn 

aimericina  Alt.  -  594 

edkUtMx.'       -  594 

fM.  Tvtogiitit    -  51S 

oina  Ai9r<.         -  5SS 

rdfMinR.  ft  S..  5SS 

■UrillsDee.       •  593 

orientitto  P.  -       -  594 

Ox7c6oouf  Pmnk  594 

n6lH«         -        -  594 

•ubintagrif  61luf  H.  594 

pninlfbUum  L.     •  518 

pubfacem  Furtk  -  599 

JNMKtf^lMIM  lUr.      -  519 

pfgmc'um  Aoylf  -  1 1 16 

Bjrlf5Uuml».        -  518 

wnErdAwN  Polr.  •  619 

Mimiqmiimmm  Sc.  599 

•lDteseZ«yA.        -1116 

MquamJUtam  Wllld.  519 

jlclMtUwN  WaU. .  1116 

Tinrnt  MiU.  DlcC  -  517 

Tlnusl^       -       -  516 

hlrUi  Ait.  •       -  517 

ladda^tf.-       -  517 

itricUHoff.      -  517 

ylretamAU.       -  517 

tometUdtMm  hua.  590 

$eme$tth»wm  Raf.  -  599 

<HA>*mi  Manh.   -  594 

MUdntMlUr.         -  599 

VlncaX.        -       -  657 

nuUor/^.       '       -  657 

w»vor  Soopi  -       -657 

TariMlita  IbrC.  657 

iNMluiMUo         -  657 

minor  £.      -       -  657 

acttdflbra  Arf .     -  656 

fl6ra  Ubo  Lotf.  C.  -  656 


^^__  Pap 

flbra  plteo  Zjod,        696 

fl5ra  ponleao  X.  -    tt6 

fblllaantetels^.-    656 

fblUt  alfrato  Xotf.  -    6M 

Vina      ...    186 

r«5nMO«r.ftLob.       5 

rifvaMatth..       .    509 

MMiNM  Miikta.     609 

VIrgtUaX.     -       -    197 

lOteaMa      -       -    196 

firghdmrn  Cktrr^  -    974 

Firgtrntrnm  Creeper  >    119 

Firgimiem  Rmapierrw  917 

VUilii's  Bower  9 

TlMun  L.      .       .606 

fibum  L,      '       .609 

VkftoM  -  196.  1113 

Vltaz  L.        >       .    673 

A'gDiu  CiaCot      .    673 

latUMlaMiW.     .    674 

arbbraa  Bom.        •    674 

inclsa  Latm.  .  674 

Negtindo  Bl.  May.    674 

riUoMa  Momch     .     11 

deUdi4ea  Mcench  .      11 

Vltis       L.  136. 141. 1113 

•ttlHlisMr.        .    137 

af«dr«a  WiUd.      -    140 

hifrimmiUa  T.  *  G.     140 

CMpreoUUa  D.  Don    146 

cordlfWaATx.       -    138 

kederdeea  Wllld.  -    139 

heterophflla  S.    .1113 

Mr'arMra  Cam.     619 

AwIm  Jaoq.  -       .138 

HtOm  NuU.  -       .140 

imdivUaVfmd.      -    140 

rfaftviNMte  Mtthl. .    187 

Labrdtoa  L.-       .137 

nigra  Fuch. .       .       5 

o^roliuAMa  DoDQ    188 

DolMiaia  Vahl       -    137 

parrlfbUa  JSofle    .  1113 

fviNfiiefMtoLBm.     130 

rtpkr^iM*.  .       .    138 

retmrndj/Wd  Ux,  .    188 

Uurlna  ffolT.        -    137 

Tlniferal..    -       -    186 

amerieima  Marah.  137 

apimUa  ladnldM  187 

fblitolncbnia      .    187 

rubeictetlbiia     137 

TulplnaL.    .       -    188 

iwqiiiia  L.  Spec.  -    188 


rSglera  FIW^    -    SB 

efimUaFiyftiL   -    907 

IMoo    ...    795 

Wafamt  Ttm  -       -    789 

Wtukimgimife  Thon^  867 

WoMTree  .    680 

WaTiiulQg  Traa     -   690 

WaepingAah         -   640 

Weepti^Skm        •   791 

Weeping  Willow   .   757 

WeigiUa  Thnnh.  -    695 

fTaM/lfodteWilld.       41 

Mpm^fdUaWfM.       41 

Wmmontli  Pine    -  1018 

WUm      ...    900 

WkaeSemmTVee  -   439 

White  Cedar  .       .  1074 

White  Mulberry     •    707 

White  Tkom  -       -    875 

WhortleBerrr       .    604 

Wild  OUire      -     187.  696 

Willow  .       .    744 

Winter4oe»    .    90.  1111 

Winter  Berry         .    168 

WiatkrUi^.    .       -    948 

cbtntetit  Dee.      .    949 

Couieqmdma  Lood.     949 

fhitfooenf  Dee.     -    949 

neeOea  NuCt.       -    949 

WOek  Hwui  -       -    499 

Woodbine  .597 

Wormwood    .       .650 

WMckJSim     .       .790 

nfchSmiei   -    79a  917 

Xantborhlaa  L.     -      19 

apttfbUa  L*HMt.  -     90 

XanthoxyUUMe      -    149 

Xantb6xylum  L.    •    149 

fraxlneam  WOld.  •    149 

Tirglnlciim        •    143 

mlie  WiUd.  -       -    443 

tridbrmm  Mm,      -    148 

rtrieirnmm  -       .143 

virMemm  L.  C.  -    149 

MMkoM  Bleb.      -    540 

MHkMMBIebi      .    540 

JtyMitewwi  Lodd.   .    680 

oiptgeMMHi  LiOdd.  .    589 

eamptmMrmm  Lod.  586 

eemidime  DuH.  .    540 

cdUd/MmPh.         .    586 

eofridlwm  McBDch  .    585 

dumtiiirmm  Momch  587 


oMMfftfUtMH  Gold. 

'X 

m/rmdiemm  Tmm. 

SMmiMl&^baa 

S40 

tatirinmi  JH— .   . 

ass 

irfUaMMMx.. 

uo 

Yellow  Root  . 

a> 

Yellow  Roee  -       . 

S99 

Yew       -       -       - 

YdecaZ.        .       . 

IIOI 

aMfbUaL.    - 

1101 

ptedniaCW.      . 

1109 

angnetifblla 

not 

mrhoriMcemmaL  . 

not 

eamadimmAM. 

IMI 

eamUeeemUx..      . 

IHB 

dracdob^    . 

lis 

fllimiMitihat    »       • 

lis 

flioddaHow. 

not 

gjaocteoene  ir.      . 

not 

MJteridMM  Andr.       • 

HOB 

gloridnl,.    . 

IIOI 

fbliicTar1eg.Z^tf. 

1109 

hMdkM- 

IIOl 

»d9a0oridmJjab. 

1101 

permdmmGw. 

1101 

yvetffMHort.       . 

1I60 

recarrilbUa  SaMiL - 

1I4B 

•trfccaSMW 

llOi 

^  ■  •- 

sopcnw                 * 

1109 

^^gMdmaniOL.  . 

1160 

ZamlAieAmUm.n 
mmerieSmmmMiUJ^ 

.149 
.149 

oarAtf^aoN  Omrta. 

Its 

Its 

eld9a  HdnmiulJa. 

149 

arile  WiUd.   . 

149 

fnaMtMOf^na  HZa   » 
fi  iidtnmm  Iluufc-  - 
Zelkoda 

14S 
l«9 
796 

ZeB6bUi>.l>Mi     . 

■pecldaal>.l>«i  - 

5Ci 

nitida         -       . 

afi4 

pulTemlenta 

aot 

ZlsypboB  Tbaww.    . 

19 

flexobia        -       . 

1«B 

168 

j^mba  urn.  met. 

19 

PanrwWiIld.8^ 

1«B 

MfiMDcdl  . 

W 

sinteabLMt. 

M9 

•pInaGhriiti 

Mi 

aoAMIbWIUd.     - 

m 

Tulgirit  X^n.      • 

Mr 

THE   KND. 


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Gleig's  Lives  of  eminent  British  Military  Commanders  3  toIs.  •••  10/6 

Grattan*s  History  of  the  Netherlands 1  vol.    ...  3/6 

Henslow's  Principles  of  Descriptive  and  Physiological  Botany  1  voL    ...  3/6 

Herscbers  Treatise  on  Astronomy 1  voL    ...  3/6 

Herschers  Preliminary  Discourse  on  Natural  :Philo80phy  ...  1  vol.    •••  3/6 

History  of  Rome  to  the  Founding  of  Constantinople  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

History  of  Switzerland  to  the  year  1830   1vol.    ...  3/6 

Holland's  Treatise  on  the  Manufactures  in  Metal 3  vob.  ...  IO/6 

Jameses  Lives  of  the  most  Eminent  Foreign  Statesmen   6  vols.  ...  17/6 

Kater  and  Lardner*s  Treatise  on  Mechanics 1  vol.    ...  3/6 

Kcightley*s  Outlines  of  Hbtory,  corrected  and  improved 1  vol.    ...  3/6 

Lardner*s  Treatbe  on  Arithmetic 1vol.    ...  3/6 

Lardner*8  Treatise  on  Geometry 1  voL    ...  3/6 

Lardner*s  Treatise  on  Heat 1vol.    ...  3/6 

Lardners  Treatise  on  Hydrostatics  and  Pneumatics    1  vol.    ...  3/6 

Lardner  and  Walker's  Afanual  of  Electricity  and  Magnetism  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Mackintosh,  Forster,  and  Courtenay*s  Lives  of  British  States- 
men  7  vols.  ...  24/6 

Mackintosh,  Wallace,  and  Bell's  History  of  England 10  vols.  ...  SS/0 

Montgomery  and   Shelley's  eminent  Italian,  Spanish,  and 

Portuguese  Authors 3  vols.  ...  10/6 

Moore's  History  of  Lreland 4  vols.  ...  14/0 

Nioolaa's  Chronology  of  History,  corrected  throughout  1vol.    ...  3/6 

Phillips's  Treatise  on  Geology,  corrected  to  1852 2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Powell's  History  of  Natural  Philosophy 1vol.   ...  3/6 

Porter's  Treatise  on  the  Manufacture  of  Silk 1  vol.   ...  3/5 

Porter's  Manufactures  of  Porcelain  and  Glass 1  vol.    ...  3/6 

Roscoe's  Lives  of  eminent  British  Lawyers   1  voL   ...  3/6 

Sir  Walter  Scott's  History  of  Scotbnd. 2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Shelley's  Lives  of  the  most  eminent  French  Authors  2  vola.  ...  7/0 

Shnckard  and  Swainaon's  Insects 1  voL   ...  3/6 

Southey's  Lives  of  the  British  Admirals 6  vols.  ...  17/6 

Stebbing's  History  of  the  Christian  Church  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Stcbbing's  History  of  the  Reformation  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Swainson's  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Natural  History  1  voL   ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Natural  History  and  Classification  of  Animals  ...  1  vol.   ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Habits  and  Instincts  of  Animals 1  voL  ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Natural  History  and  Classification  of  Birds  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Swainson's  History  and  Classification  of  Fishes,  Reptiles,  &c.  2  vols.  ...  7/0 

Swainson's  History  and  Classification  cyf  Quadmpeds  1  voL   ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Treatise  on  Shells  and  Shellfish  1  vol.   ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Animals  in  Menageries,  or  Domesticated  Animals  1  vol.   ...  3/6 

Swainson's  Taxidermy  and  Bibliography  of  Natural  History  1  vol.   ...  3/6 

Bishop  Thirlwall's  History  of  Greece 8  vols.  ...  28/0 


London:    LONGMAN,  BROWN,  GREEN,  and  LONGMANS. 


i 


LIST  of  WORKS  in  GENERAL  UTEMTURE 

rUBLISHBD  BT 

Messrs.  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  QEEEN,  LONGMANS,  and  EOBEETS, 

89,  PATIBNOBTXB  BOW,  LONSOIT.  • 


CLASSIFIED      INDEX. 


A-Srieultura    «n4    Rural 
Affairs.  Pace*. 

BayUon  on  TalulBg  Reata,  Ac.  -  3 
CeeU'tStwi  Farm  .  .  .  « 
HMkynt't  T»lp»  -  -  -  .  -  10 
London'!  A  {rricnltnre  -  -  -  12 
Loir's  Elemcato  of  AffricBltitn      -    IS 


,  Manufiaetiiras,  and 
Arehitectiira. 

Bonnie  en  the  Screw  Propeller     -  4 

Braade'e  Dietumanr  of  Seie&oc,ae.  4 

'<       Ornaie  ChemlitiT-       •  4 

Cherreal  on  Colour       .       ^       -  6 

CrMT'e  Clril  Engiaecrinc      •       -  6 

Fairulra'e  Infoma.  for  Kagiaeen  7 

OwUt'e  EncTcIo.  of  Arehitectaro  -  8 

Harford'!  Plates  from  M .  Angelo  •  B 

Hnaiphreya'e  PtuntUM  lUommated  10 

Jameson'!  Sacred  ft  Legeadary  Art  11 

**        Commoaplaco-Book     -  11 

X5aig'sPictoriAlLif«of  LnUutr  -  B 

London's  Rnral  Arehitectnre       -  IS 

MacDottgall's  Theory  of  War         •  13 

Malaa'B  Aphorisms  on  Drawing    -  14 

Moseley's Eagineeriag  -       -.     -  16 

PlesM*s  Artof  Perftuaery     -        -  17 

Rlehardaen's  Artof  Horsemaashlp  18 

Scriveaor  on  the  Iron  Trade  -       -  19 

SUrk's  Prlntling    ....  22 

Steam-Bngine , by  the  Artisan  Clab  4 

Ure's  Dictionary  of  Arts,  a«.        -  2S 


Biography. 

▲rago's  Antobiograohy  -  -  22 
n  Lives  oTscteatiHc  Mca  -  3 
Bodenstedt  sad  Wagner's  Schaayl  22 
Bockinsham's  (J.  ST)  Memoirs  •  0 
Bnaseirs  Hippolytoa  ...  5 
Cockayne's  Marsbal  Toreaae  >  22 
Crosse's  (Aadrew)  Memorials  •  6 
Forster'sDeFoeandChnrehiU  -  22 
Greea's  Princesses  of  Eaglaad  >  8 
Harferdls  Life  of  Michael  Angelo  -  8 
Harward'sChesterfteUaadSelwya  22 
Holeroft's  Memoirs  >  -  -22 
Lardaer's  Cabinet  Cyclopaedia  >  13 
Maoader's  Blogranhieal  Treasury  .  14 
Memoir  of  the  Ihike  of  Welliagtoa  32 
Memoirs  of  James  Montoomery  .  15 
Merivale's  Memoirs  of  cnicero  •  15 
Moontaia's  (Coh)  Memoirs  -  -  16 
Parry's  (Admiral)  Memoirs  -  .17 
Rogers's  Life  and  Geaias  of  Faller  22 
Rassell's  Memoirs  of  Moore  -  >  16 
Sonthey's  Life  of  Wesley  >  >  20 
'*  Life  and  Correspondence  20 
"  Select  Correspoadeace  -  SO 
Stephea's  Ecclesiastical  Blorraphy  20 
Stricklaad'sQaeensofEagluui  -  21 
Sydney  Smith's  Memoirs  -  .20 
Syrooad's  (Admiral)  Memoirs  •  21 
Taylor's  Loyola  .  -  -  .  21 
•*  Wesley  ....  21 
WatertoatAatobicgTaphyftBaeayi  34 


Books  of  Gesieral  Utility. 

Aetoa's  Bread-Book       .       >.       .  S 

•«       Cookery     -      -       -      -  8 

Black's  Treatise  on  Brewing  .       >  4 
Cabiaei  Gaxcttcer  -       ...  6 
•*       Lawyer     -       -       .       -  6 
Cast's  lavalici's  Own  Book     -       -  7 
Oilbort's  Ix^ie  for  the  Millioa     -  8 
Biats  en  Etiqnette        .       .       •  9 
How  to  Nurse  Aick  Chlldrea  -       -10 
Badsoa'sExecntor's  Guide    -      •  10 
"     oa  Making  WUls        .       .  10 
Kesteven's  Domestic  Mediciaa     -  11 
Lardaer's  Cabiaet  Cydopodla      -  12 
Loodoa's  Lady's  Connfary  Compa- 
nion    ------  12 

Maaader's  TrcasuTT  of  Kaowledge  14 

**        Biographical  Trcasary  14 

**        Geographical  Trsamry  14  I 


Maaader's  ScieatiAc  Treasury      -  14 

*«         Treasury  of  History     -  14 

"         Natural  History  -       -  14 

Piesse's  ArtofPerftimery     -       -  17 

Pocket  aad  the  Stad     ...  8 

Pyeroft*s  Eagltsh  Readiag    -       -  17 

Reeee's  Medical  Gaide  -       -       >  18 

Rich's  Comp.  to  Latla  Dictionary  18 

Ricliardsoa's  Artof  Horsemaashlp  18 

Riddle's  LaUaDictioaariee    -       -  18 

Roget's  English  Thesaatas  -       -  18 

RowtOB's  Debater  ....  18 

Short  Whist 19 

'Thomsoa's  laterest  Tables   •       *  21 

Webster's  Domestic  Eooaomy       •  24 

West oaChildrea's  Diseases-       -  24 
Willich's  Popalar  Tablss      -       -24 

Wilnwt's  Blaekstoae    ...  24 

Botany  and  Gmrdvning, 

Hassall's  British  Freshwater  Algtt  9 

Hooker's  British  Flora   ...  9 

<«       Guide  to  Kew  Oardeas  .  9 

«'       "       <*     Kew  Masewa  •  9 

Liadley's  Introdnctioa  to  Botaay  11 

*'        Theory  of  Horticulture  -  11 

Londea's  Hortns  Britanaicus        -  IS 

'*         Amateur  Oardeaer        -  IS 

-        Trees  aad  Shrubs  -       -12 

"         Oaideaiag     .       >       -  12 

«         Plants    -       -       -       -  IS 

••         Self-IastmetloaforGar- 

deacrs,  Ac.                 -       -       -  13 

Pereira's  Materia  Medica      -       -  17 

Rivars's  Rose- Amateur's  Gaide    -  18 

Wilsea'B  British  Mosses  -24 


Olironolosy. 

Blair's  Chroaologleal  Tables        -  4 

Brewer's  Historical  Atlas      .       .  4 

BuBsen's  Ancient  Ecypt     .  -       -  6 

Calendars  of  English  State  Papers  6 

Haydn's  Beitsoa*s  Indea      .       .  9 

Jaquemet's  Chronology         -       -  11 

Nicolas's  Chronology  of  History  -  12 

Oomsnerce  and  Mercantile 
Affairs* 

Gilbart'a  Treatise  oa  Bsaking       -  R 

Larimer's  Young  Master  Mariaer  12 

Macleod's  Banking        -       -       -  13 
M*CnlIoch'sConunerceft  NavigatioB  14 

ScriTeaor  oa  Iroa  Trade        -       -  19 

Thomsoa's  laterest  Tsblrs.  -       -  21 

Totice's  History  of  Pi  ices     •       -  31 

Oriticissn.    History,    and 
Mesnours. 

Blslr's  Chroa.  and  Histor. Tables  -  4 

Brewer's  HUtorical  Atlas     ...  4 

Bansea's  Aacicat  Egypt      -       -  6 

"        Hippolytus     ...  6 

BartoB's  History  of  Sccllaad        -  6 

Caleadars  of  Englith  State  Papers  6 

Chapmaa's  GustaTus  Adolphus     -  6 

Coaybeare  aad  Howsoa's  St.  Paal  6 

Connnllt's  Sappers  aad  Miaers     -  6 

Gleig's  Leipeic  Campalga     -       -  23 

Gurasy's  Historical  Sketches        -  8 

Herschel's  Enays  and  Address«s  -  9 

JelErey's  (liOrd)  CoatribatioBS      -  11 

Kemue's  Anglo-Saxons                -  1] 

Lardaer's  Cabiaet  Cyciop«dia     -  12 

Macaalay 's  Crit.  sad  Hist.  Essays  1 3 

«'         History  of  Eaglaad     -  13 

'«        Speeches      -       -       -  13 

MacUatash's  MisccUaaeoas  Works  13 

*'           History  of  England  -  13 

M'CalloGfa'sGeographiealDictioaary  14 

Manndcr's  Treasury  of  History      .  14 

Memoir  of  the  Duke  of  Wellingtoa  33 

Mcrivale's  History  of  Rome  -       -  16 

•(         Romaa  Republic-       -  16 

MUaer'B  Church  Hbtory       .       -  16 

Moore's  (Thomas)  Memoirs,  *o.   -  16 

Mure's  Greek  Literature               -  16 

Perry's  Fraaks       -       -       -        -  17 


Raikes's  Joamal    -       .       .       «  n 

Ranke's  Ferdiaaad  ft  Maximilian  22 

Riddle's  Latia  Dietioaaries  -  18 
Rogers's  Essays  from  Ediab.  Rcriewlg 

Roget's  Easlish  Thesaaras  .       -  18 

Schmits's  History  of  Greece  18 

Southey's  Doctor  -       .        -       -  90 

8teBhea'sEcclesiastiealBio||raphy  20 

"    Lectures  oa  Preach  History  20 

Sydney  Smith's  Works  ...  20 

"            Select  Works        -  22 

"           Lectaree       -       -  20 

*'            Memoirs       -       -  20 

Taylor's  Loyola    .       -      -       -21 

"       Ifesley    ...       -  21 

Thirlwall'sHisCoryof  Greece        -  21 

Thomas's  Historical  Notes    -       -  31 

Thorabarv'sShakspeare's  England  21 

Townsend's  SUte  Trials        >       -  21 

Turkey  and  Christendom      -       -  22 

Taraer's  Anglo -SaxoBs         •       -  23 

"       Middle  Ages    ...  23 

«       Sacred  HTst.  of  the  World  23 

Vehse'sAnstriaa Court-       -       -  23 

Wade's  Eagluid's  GrcAtnese        -  24 

Whitelocke%  Swedish  Embassy     -  24 

Young's  Christ  of  History    .       -  24 

Oeo^raphy  and  Atlases. 

Brewer's  Historical  AUaa     .       .  4 

Batter's  Geography  and  Atlases  -  6 

Cabiaet  Gasettecr  ....  6 

Corawall :  Its  Mines,  ftc      .       -  23 

Durriea's  Morocco         -       -       ^  22 

Haglics's  Aastralian  Colonies      -  23 

J  ohastOB's  General  Gsaetteer  -  II 
M*Culloch'sGe<^rraphicalDictioaary  14 

**         Rassia  aad  Turkey     .  22 

Maaader's  Treasur  j  of  Geography  14 

Mayae's  Arctic  Discoreries  >       -  23 

Marray'sEacTclo.  of  Geography  •  16 

Sharp's  British  Gasetteer      -       -  19 


^nrenile  BoOkSi 


Amy  Herbert .      -       -       •       • 
CleTeUall      .       .       .       .       . 
Earl's  Daaghter  f The)  - 
Experience  f»fLia 
Gertrade         -       -       _       -       . 
Hewitt's  Boy's  Coantry  Book 

**       (Mary)  ChUdrea's  Tear   . 
iTors       --.--. 
Katharine  Ashton 
Lancton  Parsonage 
Margaret  Percivaf .      .       -       . 

Medicine  and  flnripery. 


19 
19 
19 
10 
19 
10 
10 
19 
19 
19 
19 


Brodie'B  Psychological  laquiries  -  4 

Ball's  HiaU to  Mothers-      -       -  4 

**     Managemcat  of  Chlldrea    -  4 

Copland's  Dtetioaary  of  Medicine  -  6 

Cast's  InT&Ud's  Own  Book    -       .  7 

HoUand's  MeaUl  Physiology        -  9 
"       Medical  Notes  and  Reflcei.    9 

How  to  Nurse  Sick  ChiUiren  -       -  10 

Kesteren's  Domestic  Medicine      -  11 
Pereira's  Materia  Medica       -       -17 

Recce's  Medical  Guide  -       -       -  18 

Richardson's  Cold- Water  Cure     .  18 

West  oa  Diseases  of  lafkacy  -       -  24 

Mlseellaneons  and  General 
Isiteratvzre. 

Bacon's  (Lord)  Works  ...  3 

Carlisle's  Lectures  aad  Addresses  22 

Defence  of  JMtoteo/AitA    -       •  7 

Eclipse  of  Faith      ....  7 

Greg's  Political  and  Social  Essays  8 

Oreyson's  Select  Correspondence  -  8 

Gurney's  Erening  Recreations     •  8 
HassaO'sAdulteratlonsDetceted^fte.   9 

Haydn's  Book  of  Digaities    -       -  9 

HoUand's  Msatal  Physiology        -  9 

Hooker's  Kew  Guides    .       -       -  9 

Hewitt's  Rural  Life  of  Eaglaad     -  lo 
* '       Tisi  teto  RemarkablePlaecs  lo 

RuttoB'slOO  Years  Ago         •       -  lo 

JameeoB's  Commoapisce-Book     -  li 

Jeifrey's  (Lord)  Coatributions      -  li 


a 


CLAfl9IVISD  nn)BX. 


JohBt'i  Lands  of  SUmce  tad  Ckf 

Darknm 11 

Lut  or  the  Old  SqairM  -  16 

Uu«uUj'iCnl.aodUUt.lMa7«  It 

"  Speeches       -        -        -  H 

Mackiatoah'sMiscellaaeoiuWorka  18 

Memoirs  of  a  Maitrc-dVhnea       -  22 

MaiUaad's  Church  m  the  Catacombs  14 


U 
IS 
22 
IT 
18 
18 
18 


Martin eaa*!  MiKellsnies 
Moore'a  Church  Cases    ■        -        - 
Printing:  Its  Origin,  ftc. 
Prcrori*s  English  Reading     - 
Rich's  Comp.  to  Latin  DtetiVBary 
Riddle's  Latin  Dictionaries  - 
Kowlon's  Debater  ... 

Saawud's  Narraltv*ofkli8mp«icckl9 

Sir  Rog*r  Da  Coswlcj   ...  19 

iltmlh's(R«T.8yda«7)  Wovha        -  20 

Souther's  ConasoB-piaoeBMli*    •  20 

"         The  Doctor  *c.      -       -  20 

Sonrestre's  Attic  Fhiloaoptev        -  22 

*■  Confasaioaa  of  a  Working  Mas  22 

Mapkcn's  Easajra    ....  20 
ttow's  Training  Byatai         -       -21 

—                 -             -                    -  21 

-  21 
.  24 
.  24 

-  24 
.  24 

If  atvral  RUtonrlaceneral' 

Callow's  Popalmr  Coachologr  6 

Bphcmersaad  YoaiUEonthcS«tasflsi   1 
GsfTatt's  MsrvalaoflnaUnct  8 

Oosse's  N  alural  U  istory  of  J  amaica  8 
Keap's  Natual  Hialorj  of  CMaftiWi  22 
Kirby  and  Spanca's  Bnlonoktfy  -  11 
Lee's  KUmanU  of  Natnral  klialoi7  11 
Maunder's  NsturalHiatorv  -  -  14 
Turton's  ShelU  oftheBritishlslands  2S 
Vas  dor  Hocven's  Zoology  -  -  2S 
Ton  Tschud  i  's  Sketches  in  the  Alpa  22 
Watertoa'slSssayaaaNataniUMb  24 
Yonali-i  Th-  Dog  ...  -  24 
«       TbcHora*       .       .       -    24 

l-Voluma    Baie7«te9»dla« 


ThoDuos'a  Laws  of  Thongbt 
Townkrnd's  Mata  Trials 
WiUich'a  Pofmltf  Tables 
Yon^e'i  Enfflish-Gsack  ~ 

"        LaUn  GradM 
Zumpl**  Latin 


Blaiaa'*  Rural  Sporia     ...      4 

Brando's  ScU>Dce,Lit«>«tmrc.aiMl  kit  4 

Copland's  Dictionary  of  MwUciaa  -      8 

Cresj's  Civil  Engioeeriag      -       ••      6 

Swill's  ArchitecRirc       ...      8 

Johnston's  Oeographio«}DiotfoiU<>7  H 

London's  A^cultnrs     -       -       -    12 

•<        Rural  ArchttMtwa        -    IS 

■«        OardwUlg       ...    IS 

««        Plants     .       -        -       -    IS 

'*        Trees  and  SWmba  .       -12 

M'Culloch'sUeographicalOiettoBary  14 

**         DiclIonaryofCommoMa  14 

Murray's  EncTclo.  of  Oaograpky  -    16 

Sharp'!  British  Gascllcer      .       -    19 

Ure'i  Dictionary  of  Arts,  te. .       >    29 

Webster's  DoomsUc  BeoMymy       -    24 

Rellsioiui  ai  Moaral  Works. 

.  19 
.  4 
>  6 
-    M 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

7 

19 

7 

7 

7 

19 

19 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

19 

11 

11 

11 


Amy  Herbert  -        ,       - 

BloomRfld's  Greek  Testaoaeat 
CsWert's  Wife's  Manual 
CleveHAU  .... 
Con  ybeare's  Essays  .  -  - 
Conybcare  and  Mowaon's  SI.  Pani 
Cotton's  Instraotions  in  ChjitliMUly 


Dale's  Domestic  LiUusy 
Defance  of  BcUpM  c/  SiUh  - 
Discipline       -        -        .        -       - 
Earl's  Daughlcr  (Tha)   ... 
EoUiwe  of Taith      .... 
Englishmaa'a  Csaak  Cgacocdaaaa 
-  Hab.AChaU.CoiMKWd> 

Esperienaa  (Tha)  of  Lifc 
Gertrude  .        .        .        ,        . 

Uarriaon's  Light  of  Iba  Fotm 
Hook's  Lectures  OB  Paasion  waak 
Home's  Introiluction  to  Scriptures 

*'       Abridxmeiit  of  ditto 
Hue's  Christianity  in  China  • 
Humphrejs's  P«r«M««  Ulwniaatcd 
Ivors        •        ..... 
Jameson's  Sacred  Legends    - 
**       Monastic  Legends  - 
"       Lrscndsof  Ih^  MadOBB* 
"       Lectures  on  F«n)ale  ]&k- 
plpymcnl    .....    ii 


Jeremy  Taylor's  Wok1i|I  ■ 

K&lbarlna  Aahton 

K6nig*»  Pictorial  Lift  of  LntUr 

Laneton  Piirsoaa^a 

Letters  to  my  Unknown  Fiiea4* 

"      on  Happmess    . 
Lyra  Gerroaojca     ... 
MAcqnuBht  on  luaplnl^oa    - 
Maguu-e  s  Rome     -        .       - 
Mnituod's  Church  inCataeomlM 
Margaret  Perciral  -        -        - 


11 
19«] 

8 
10 
11 
11 

8 
14 
14 
14 
19 


Martinaai^'a  Christian  lifs  . 
*'  Hymns       -       - 

MeriTale's  Chri^tiaa  Reeonl* 
Milnar's  Chuich  of  Christ      - 
Moore  on  the  Use  of  the  Body 
*'         "      Soul  aad  Body 
**    'sMaaaadkiaMolit 


14 

■  14 

-  1» 

-  U 

-  16 

-  U 

■  16 
Mormonism  •  -  -  •  >  23 
Morning  Cioods  .^  «  «  - 
Neale's  Closing  Scene  ... 
il«Aka>s  Ferdinand  *  Maidadlia*. 
Readings  for  Loit 


16 
16 
22 
19 
19 

Riddle's  Household  Prayers  .        .18 
RobuMoa*a  Lcsioaa  to  Mm  %amk 

Teatamant  .....    18 

Saints  oar  Baampla       .       >       >    18 

Sermon  in  tha  Mo«Bt  -    19 

Sinclair's  Joumay  of  Life      .       -    19 

Smith's  (Sydney)  Moral  PhUos«phy  20 

•<         (G.V.)AssyriaaProphaoica    20 

«       (G.)  Wesleyan  Mathodtam 

**       ( J .)  St.  Paul's  SMpwsaak  . 

Southeys  tils  of  Wcalsy       .       . 

Stephen's  Boeloalaatisal  Blogif  hf 


Taylor's  Loyola 
**        Wesley 
Theologia  Genuanioft    .       ,       . 
Thumb  Bible  CPfaa) 
Tomline's  fntaodoetiontotteJlMs 
Turner's  Sacred  History - 
Young's  Christ  of  History     > 
*•        Mystery  .... 

Foetry  «n4  the  Dnuna^ 

Aikin's(Dr.>BntlahPoats     .      • 
Araokl's  PaeaM      .... 
BaUlia's  (Joanna)  Poetical  Weeks 
Calvarfa  Wile's  Mawua 
Do  Vsas's  MsT  CaroU    - 
Estcourfs  Music  of  Cr«atao« 
Fairy  Pamilv  (The) 
Goldsmith's'Poens,  iUuatrated     - 
L.  E.  L.'s  Poetical  Works 
Lin  wood's  Anthologia  OsonieBals  - 
Lyra  Garmanica    -       -        -       - 
Macaulay's  Lays  of  Anetentitotoe 
Mac  Donald'a  Withia  and  Wilbrak 
**  Poems    .       -        - 

Monlgomery's  Poetical  Worlw      > 
Moore's  Poetical  Works 

•<       Selections  (illustrated)     - 
«*       LalURookh      -       -       - 
"       Irish  Melodies  .       .       - 
**       Bongs  and  Ballads  - 
Reade's  PoeUoal  Works 
Bhakspearc,  by  Bowdlar        -        • 
BovthaySi  Poefaoal  Wotto     - 

<*         Britiah  Poato  .       .       ^ 
Thomson's  Saasoaa»iUu»Uste4     • 


19 
20 
20 
20 
21 
21 
6 
21 
21 
23 
24 
24 


20 
20 
21 


PoUtical    Econosny   and 
Statistics. 

Dodd's  Food  of  LoadoD  .  .  7 
Greg's  Political  And  SooM  Esstfs  8 
Laing's  Motes  of  a  Traveller  ■  •  22 
U'Callach'sO«)f.Sutiat.fte.Wcl»  14 
**  Dictionary  of  Comvieree  14 

•*  London       ...    22 

Wniich's  Popular  Tables      -       -24 


S 

s 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

6 

,  7 

7 

8 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

12 

15 

16 


ni0   8cieno««    Im    v 
and  Mathematics. 

Arago's  Meteorological  Essays 
"        Popular  Astreawaj  - 
;w  Propell 


Bourne  on  the  Screw  Propeller 

•*    's  Catechism  of 
Boyd's  Naval  Cadet's  Manual 
Brands 's  Diolionary  of  Scieaee,  As. 
**  Lectures  on  Organic  Chemistry 
Crcsy's  Civil  Engineering 
DclaBeche'sGoology  ofCosB«aU,ftc 
De  la  Rive's  Eleotncity 
Grove's  Correla.  of  PfaMkalFeross 
Heraehel's  Outiines  oi  Astronoaay 
Holland's  Mental  Physiologgr 
Humboldt's  Aspscto  of  Matass     •> 
**  Coaases     ... 

Hunt  OB  Light      .... 
Lardner's  Cabinet  Cyelepadia 
Marcel's  ( Mrs. }  CoaveBsattoaa 
Morell's  Elements  of  Payehology  - 
Moseley'sBnginceriagftArchitectnre  16 
Our  CoaUFielde  and  our  Coal-Pita     22 
Owen's  LeotttMooo  Corny  Onal— y 
Pereira  on  Polariaed  Light    - 
Peschel's  BleaaaBts  of  Phyaloa       - 
Ptvillipe's  Fossils  of  CornmU.,  Ae. 
**       Mineralogy      - 
"       Gwide  to  Geology    - 
Porllock's  Geolovyof  Londonderry 
Powdl's  Unity  of  WoiUs 
Bmee's  BlecU>o.Metallaig7 


Baker's  Rifle  and 
Bo-keley'a  Potcaia  of  F 
Blaine's  DicUoaary  «€  S 
Cecil's  SUblc  Practaoe    - 

**      Stud  Farm   - 
The  Cricket- Field    - 
Davy's  Fiabing  Exc-orsiac 
Ephemera  oa  Aajrlusc    - 
"         'a  Bookofkke 
Hawker'8  Tounir  S 
The  Hantiag-Fi 
Idles  Hinto  on 


CcyUa 


2Sn^- 


PncUcal  Horse^BAtt^iap 
Richardson's  Horaeaaa»aJ 
Ronalds'  Pty-Fiaher^  Es 
SUble  Talk  and  Tal^s  Talk. 
Stonehm^  oa  the  &fvy  Wfeat 
Thacker'a  Coureer'a  Gu  ~ 
The  Stad,  few  Practical 


CecH's  Stable 

•<      Stud  Farm 
Hanttng^Pield  ( 
MIke'ell. 

**    oalhaR 
Pocket  and  the 
Practical 
RichardaoB's 
StobleTalk 
Slad(The) 
Toaaka 


The  Dec 


▼oyacMi 

Aul^o's  Ascent  <^  Moat  Blaae 
Baiaes'B  Vandois  of  PicdaaaBt 
Baker's  Waaderiaca  isk  Ce^lae 
Barrow's  CoQtiaflatal  Tear  - 
Berth's  Afrioaa  T«a««U 
Berkeley's  Fore«ta  of  Fi 
Bwctoa'a  East  Aficioa 

'*       Medina  SAd 
Carliale*s  Turkey  aad  Orsece 
De  Cuatiac's  Ri 
Eothea   - 
Ferguson's  Swiss' 
Flemith  Inlaw* 
Forester's  RaasMto 

u         tisrriinis  and  y-arrh'* 
Qiroiaijtse'a  1 
Gi«voKmaa'a< 
Halloran's  Japaa. 
HiU'sTw 
HinchlMFa  Tiawela  ia  tbe  AJIps 


2 
i 

3 


-   t: 


Hope^ 


tkeBiMs 


Chaaeia 
Bowitt's 

**       (W) 
Hue's  Chiacsc 
Hue  and  Gabet*B 
Uadeoa 


*^«-i 


.    1? 


Caka 


-  n 


Hughes'*  A 
Hnmbohk's 
HuribufS 

Hutchineoa'a  Afrtoan 
Janasoa'aCaMda 
Jerrmaan'a 
Laing's  Noraay 

**  Notoe  of  a  TtemOer 
M*ClBi«'a  hortifc-Wes 
MaePoagaU'eVoMfe 
Maaon'aZatas  etXal 
Miles's  RamhlwiB 
Osbora'aaaeiak  -  -  --^ 
Pfeiflw's  Veysge  nmnd  IIm  "Wadd 
'*        Seoooddilka    •        .        - 

Sea  ward  "a  Narrative       -        -       - 
Snow's  Tierra  del  FacfO 
SpottisvFoode's  Eastern  Roaaia 
Xoa  Tenpsky's  Maueo  a»d  Oaa- 

temala  .        -        -       - 

Weld's  Vacatkms  ia  Irelaad 

"        United  91 
Weme's  AfHcaa  Wsadsrinss 
WUbcrfttsee'B  Biaail  a  iOas^'Tiada 


i^ 


1« 

r 


:4 


Steam-Encine  (The) 
Wilson's  filectric  TUefeaph 


17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
19 
4 
22 


'Worlcs  9t  Fio^taBU 

Cruiksbank's  Falitaff    - 
Hewitt's  TaJUnoetta     - 
MaedonaU^a  Vilh  Veroedu* 
Melville's  CoBBdcnce-lfaB     - 
Mooic  8  Spseurcan 
Sir  Roger  De  Corerlor    - 
Sk«tfa»ea(ThaJ|,  TVee  Talae 
Sottthey'sThe  Doctor  *c.     - 
Tsci||kipc's^jn^etct  Towere 


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*'  Tlie  author  lias  neglected 
no  naodem  sources  ofiufurm- 
ation,  and  all  his  short,  suc- 
cinct, and  neot  descriptions 
of  the  different  places  are 
quite  confonnable  to  present 
knowledge.  Sarawak,  for 
example,  in  Borneo,  is  not 
oroitted,  and  of  San  Fran- 
cisco there  b  quite  a  detailed 
description.  Tlie  work  is 
compiled  with  considerable 
care,  and  in  the  918  pages 


that  it  contains  there  is  a 
vast  amount  of  geographical 
and  tonograi»liloRl  Informa- 
tion pleasantly  condensed. 
'J'ho  Cabinet  Qaxetteer^ 
Uiouffh  not  Intended  to 
supersede  more  elaborato 
works,  will,  to  some  extent, 
have  that  effect ;  but  it  will 
be  sure  to  find  a  large  and 
permanent  circulation  of  its 


own.' 


ECOKOXIST. 


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b3 


6 


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B  4 


8 


NEW  WOBXA  AJTD  NEW  EDinOKS 


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I 


wilf s  EnpydopflBdia  of  A^^auwc 

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Harry  Hieo^er.— Stable  Talk  and  Tihie 

Twlk;  or.  Spectacles  for  Young  SbortsBXB. 
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HiBOVBB.    With  Two  Platea. 
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Pep.  Svo. 


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BjfHabbtHixotbb.  Second  Ediiiom -,  with 
2  Phitea.    Fop.  Svo.  5a.  half-bound. 

Harry  Hleorar.—TliaPottket  and  Iha  Stei;  «r, 
Fraotical  Hints  on  the  Management  of  the 
Steble.  By  Habbt  Hbotxb.  Second 
Edition;  with  Portrait  of  the  Anthor.  Fcp. 
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--;  —  •tod,  fcr  PtactiMa  Pnr- 
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for  show.  By  Habbt  Hixotbb.  With  2 
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PUBLISMW)  BY  LONGMAN,  BROWN,  and  CO. 


Hassall.— Adulterations  Detected;    or, 

Plain  Instructions  for  the  Discovery  of 
Frauds  in  Food  and  Medicine.  By  Arthtjb 
Hux  Hassaix^  M.D.  Lond,,  Analyst  of  The 
Lancet  Sanitary  Commission,  and  Author  of 
the  Keports  of  that  Commission  published 
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of  One  Hundred  Plates  of  Figures,  illus- 
trating the  rarious  Species.  By  Abtbub 
Hill  Hassall,  M.D.,  Author  of  Micro- 
aeopic  Anatomy  of  the  Human  Body,  &c,  2 
toIb.  Syo.  with  103  Plates,  price  £1.  los. 

Col.  Hawker's  Instmctions  to  Toong 

Sportsmen  in  all  that  relates  to  Guns  and 
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down  to  the  Present  Time,  by  the  Author's 
Son,  Major  P.  W.  L.  Hawxsb.  With  a 
Portrait  of  the  Author,  and  numerous 
Plates  and  Woodcuts.    8yo.  2l8. 

Haydn's  Book  of  Dignities :  Containing 

BoUfl  of  the  Official  Personages  of  the  British 
Bmpire,  Civil,  Ecclesiastical,  Judicial,  Mili- 
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Periods  to  tbe  Present  Time.  Together 
with  the  Sovereigns  of  Europe,  from  the 
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Sir  John   HerscheL— Essays  from  the 

Edinburgh  and  Quarterly  Bemewe,  with  Ad- 
dresses and  other  Pieces.  By  Sib  John 
P.  W.  HSB8CHEL,  Bart.,  K.H.,  M.A.  8vo. 
price  18s. 

Sir  John  HerscheL— Outlines  of  Astro- 

nomy.  By  Sib  John  F.  W.  Hkuchsi^ 
Bart.,  K.H.,  M.A.  New  Edition;  with 
Plates  and  Woodcuts.    8vo.  price  18s. 

mil— Travels  in  Siberia,    By  S.  S.  Hill, 

Esq.,  Author  of  TraveU  on  the  Skoree  of 
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and  Asiatic  Kuscia.    2  vols,  post  8vo.  24i. 

Hinchliff.— Summer  Months  among  the 

Alps :  Willi  the  Ascent  of  Monte  Rosa. 
By  Thomas  W.  Hinchlivf,  of  Lincoln*s 
Inn,  Barrister-at-Law.  With  4  tinted 
Tiews  and  3  Maps.    Post  8vo.  price  lOs.  6d. 

Hints  on  Etiquette  and  the  Usages  of 

Sodetr:  With  a  Glance  at  Bad  Habits. 
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to  the  Queen  and  Prince  Albert.  Third 
Edition.    8vo.  18s. 

Holland.- Chapters  on  Mental  Physiology.  By 
Sib  Henbt  Hollaivi),  Bart.,  F.B.S.,  &c. 
Founded  chiefly  on  Chapters  contained  in 
the  First  and  Second  Editions  of  Medical 
Notes  and  Jtefleclione  by  the  same  Author. 
8vo.  price  lOs.  6d. 

Hook.— The  Last  Days  of  Onr  Lord's 

Ministry:  A  Course  of  Lectures  on  the 
principal  Events  of  Passion  Week.  By 
the  Bev.  W.  F.  Hook,  D.D.  Kew  Edition. 
Fcp.  Svo.  price  6s. 

Hooker.— Eew  Gardens ;  or,  a  Popular 

Guide  to  the  Boyal  Botanic  Gardens  of 
Kew.  By  Snt  Williak  Jackson  Hookeb, 
K.H.,  &c.,  Director.  New  Edition;  with 
many  Woodcuts.    16mo.  price  Sixpence. 

Hooker.  —  Hoienm  of  Eoonomic  Botany ;  or,  a 
Popular  Guide  to  the  Useful  and  Bemark- 
able  Vegetable  Products  of  the  Museum 
in  the  Boyal  Gkurdens  of  Kew.  By  Sib  W.  J. 
HooKBB,  K.H.,  &c.,  Director.  With  29 
Woodcuts.    16mo.  price  Is. 

Hooker  and  Amott.— The  British  Flora ; 

comprising  the  Phssnogamous  or  Flowering 
Plants,  and  the  Ferns.  Seventh  Edition, 
with  Additions  and  Corrections ;  and  nu- 
merous Figures  illustrative  of  the  Umbelli- 
ferous Plants,  the  Composite  Plants,  the 
Ghrasses,  and  the  Ferns.  By  Sib  W.  J. 
HooKXB,  F.B.A.  and  L.S.,  Ac. ;  and  G.  A. 
WAUCBB-AnKOTT,  LL.D.,  F.L.S.  12mo. 
with  12  Plates,  price  148.;  with  the  Plates 
coloured,  price  21s. 

Home's  Introduction  to  the   Critical 

Study  and  Knowledge  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures. Tenth  Edition^  revised,  corrected, 
and  brought  down  to  the  present  time. 
Edited^by  the  Bev.  T.  Habtwell  Hobnb, 
B.D.  (the  Author) ;  the  Bev.  Samxtbl 
Datidsok,  D.D.  of  the  University  of  Halle, 
and  LL.D. ;  and  S.  Pbidxattx  Tbsoelleb, 
LL.D.  With  4  Maps  and  22  Yignettes  and 
Facsimiles.    4  vols.  8vo.  £3. 18s.  6d. 


*•*  The  Foot  YolomeB  ma^  also  be  bad  Mporatery 
followi  .— 


the  Holy  Scriptoies.  Bytbe««T.T.H.llome,is.u..%>j^j^^^ 
Vol.  II.— Th«  Text  ofthe  OW  T«rtoiii«<  cot«J^tet^.  >^.  ^ 

tten  to  the  Old  TSea»«**  ^"^Y^^^  -^''^''^^^^^-v^. 
Vol.  Ill     *^-  ^   !«*tlrs  ol  BttAkalO«o«c*p\^y  »«^^  -^* 


10 


mSW  WOEEB  AXD  KBW  SDmONS 


Home.  —  A  Compendious  Introduction 

to  the  Study  of  the  Bible.  By  the  Bey. 
T.  Haetwbix  Hoskb,  B.D.  New  Edition, 
with  Mape  and  mnstrations.    12mo.  9fl. 

Hoskyns.—Talpa ;  or,  the  Chronicles  of 

a  Clay  Farm :  An  Agricultural  Fragment. 
By  Chandos  Wbbn  Hosktns,  Esq.  Fourth 
Edition.  With  24  Woodcuts  from  the 
original  Designs  by  GsoBas  CsuXKBHASK. 
16mo.  price  56.  6d. 

How  to  Nurse  Sick  Children :  Intended 

especially  as  a  Help  to  the  Nurses  in  the 
Hospital  for  Sick  Children ;  but  containing 
Directions  of  service  to  all  who  hare  the 
charge  of  the  Toiing.    Fep.  8ro.  Is.  6d. 

Howitt  (A.  M.)— An  Art-Student  in 
Munich.  By  AmrA  Mast  Howitt.  2 
Tols.  post  8to.  price  14s. 

Howitt— The  Children's  Tear.  By  Mary 

Howitt.  With  Four  Blastntions,  from 
Designs  by  A.  M.  Howitt.  Square  16mo.  6s . 

Howitt— Tallangetta,    Uie    Squatter's 

Home:  A  Story  of  Australian  Life.  By 
WiLUAX  Howitt,  Aul^or  of  2\i>o  Tean  in 
Fietoria,  &o.    2  vols,  post  8to.  price  18s. 

Howitt.— Land,    Lahoor,    and   Gold; 

or,  Two  Years  in  Victoria :  With  Vi^it  to 
Sydney  and  Tan  Diemen*s  Land.  By 
Wnj^iAM  Howitt.    2  vols,  post  870.  21s. 

Howitt— Visits  to  Remarkable  Flaoes : 

Old  Halls,  Battle-Fields,  and  Scenes  iUuatra- 
tiye  of  Striking  Passages  in  Bngliah  Histoir 
and  Poetry.  By  Wiujam  Howitt.  With 
about  80  Wood  Engravings.  New  Edition, 
2  Tols.  squuv  crown  8to.  price  250. 

William  Hewitt's  Boy's  Country  Book:  Being 
the  Beal  Life  of  a  Gountrr  Boy,  written 
by  liimself ;  exhibiting  all  tne  Amusements, 
Pleasures,  and  Pursuts  of  Children  in  the 
CountiT.  New  Edition;  with  40  Wood- 
cuts,   f  cp.  8ro.  price  6s« 

flowitt.— The  Rnral  lift  of  ^ngiynj.  By 
William  Howitt.  New  Edition,  cor- 
rected and  revised;  with  Woodcuts  by 
Bewick  and  Williams.    Medium  8vo.  2l8. 

Hue- Christianity  in  China,   Tartary, 

and  Thibet.  By  M.  TAbb^  Huo,  formerly 
Missionary  Apostolic  in  China ;  Author  of 
The  Chinese  Empire,  &c    2  vols,  8vo.  21s. 

Hue— The  Chmese  Empire :  A  Sequel 

to  Hue  and  Gabet's  Journey  tkrtmgk  Tartary 
and  Thibet,  By  the  Abb^  Hue,  formerly 
Missionaiy  Apostolic  in  China.  Second 
JSdition  ;  with  Map.    2  vols.  870.  240, 


Hudson's  Plain  Dtrectioiis  for  Makiiu 

Wills  in  conformity  vri&  the  Iaw  :  V^itk  s 
clear  Exposition  of  the  Ijaw  T«ifllinfr  to  tli 
distribataon  of  Peraonal  Bisteto  in  the  n>^ 
of  Intestacy,  two  Forms  of  WUla,  and  m^:. 
nsefhl  information.  New  and  enlarged  'Eii- 
tion ;  including  the  ProTisions  of  the  WlIz 
Aet  Amendment  Aot^    B'cp.  8vtK  2b.  6d. 

Hudson's  Executor's  Guide.    New  anc 

improved  Bditton;  with,  the  Statute 
enacted,  and  the  Judiciid  I>eoaaoika  pr> 
noonoed  since  the  last  Edition,  inoarporateit 
oomprising  the  Probate  and  Administratkn 
Acts  for  England  and  Ir^aad,  passed  in  Uf 
firat  Session  of  the  New  Pairijamftit,  Fq^ 
8to.  {\jMat  ready. 

Hudson  .and Eennedy.--Wh6re  there's 

a  Will  there 's  a  Way :  An  Aaoent  of  yiczx 
Blanc  by  a  New  Koute  and  Withont  Oaide& 
By  the  Rev.  C.  HuDSOir,  M.Au,  St.  Jcam's 
College,  Cambridge ;  and  E.  S.  Kkskedt, 
BjIl.,  Caius  CoU^go,  Gamhridge.  Sec$ti 
Edition^  with  Two  Ascents  of  Monie  Seas :  1 
Plate,  and  a  coloured  Map.  Post  8vo.  5s.  61 

Humholdt's  Cosmos.    Translafed,  witi: 

the  Author's  authority,  br  Mss^'Babd^ 
Yola.  I.  and  IL  16mo.  HaM-Cbown  eadi, 
sewed ;  8s.  6d.  each,  doth :  or  in  poet  8to. 
12s.  each«  doth.  YoL  IH.  ^^  8ro. 
12s.  6d.  doth:  or  in  16mo.  Part  L  2l  ^. 
sewed,  8a.  6d.  doth  3  and  Ptot  II.  8a.  sewed, 
4fl.  doth. 

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Humphreys.  —  Parables  of  Oar  Lori 

illuminated  and  ornamented  in  the  s^le  d 
the  Missals  of  the  Benaissanoe  by  Ji^ifai 
KoEL  HiTHFHBEYB.  Square  fcp.  8vo.  Sis. 
in  massive  carved  covers ;  or  80Ib.  boimd  b 
morocco  by  Hayday. 

Hunt  "^  Researches   on  U^t  in  its 

Chemical-  Belations ;  embracing  a  Ccz- 
sideration  of  aU  the  Photographio  Processes. 
B^BobibtHuht,F.ILS.  SwondKditk^ 
with  Plate  and  Woodcuts.    8vo.  10a.  6d. 

Hutton.— A  Hundred  Years  Ago:  Ai 

Historical  Sketch,  1755  to  1756.  Bt  J^ajc^ 
HuTTON.    Post  8vo. 

Idle.— ffinis  on  Shooting,  Fishing,  kc 

both  on  Sea  and  Land,  and  in  the  Fiveh- 
Water  Loohs  of  Scotland  :  Being  the  £xpe- 
rienoesofG.  Ii>u,Esq,    Fop.  8fo.  6s« 


PVBUBHXD  BT  LON^MAN^  BfiOWK,  ISD  CO. 


11 


Mrs.  Jameson's  LegeiMLs  of  ihe  Saints 

and  Martyrs,  as  represented  in  Christian 
Art :  Forming  the  First  Series  of  Saered  and 
Legendary  ArL  Third  Edition,  rerised  and 
improyed;  with  17  Etchings  and  upwards 
of  180  Woodontfl,  many  of  which  are  new 
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Xrt.  Jamefon'f  Legends  of  fhe  Menastio 
Orders,  as  represCTited  in  Christian  Art. 
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Legendary  Art.  Second  Edition,  eolarced ; 
with  11  Etchii\gs  hy  the  Author,  and  88 
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Xn.  J«iiieMii*B  Leg«ida  «f  the  Wn^imiia, 
as  represented  in  Christian  Art :  Forming 
the  Third  Series  of  Sacred  and  Legendary 
Art,  Second  Edition,  revised  and  improved : 
with  numerous  Etchings  from  Drawings  by 
the  Author,  and  npw»^  of  ISO  Woodcuts. 
Square  crown  8to.  {Nearly  ready^ 

Mrs.  Jameson's  Commonplaoe-Book  of 

Thoughts,  Memories,  and  Fancies,  Original 
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Xn.  Xameaon'B  Two  Leetnree  on  the  Employ- 
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1.  Sdrbm  qT  Chakxtt,  CathoUfi  and  PntMtent, 
Abroad  and  at  Homtt.  Second  BdMon,  wUh  nev 
Prefboe.    Fcp.  8^0.  4b. 

t.  The  Comrumoir  qf  Li^otTR :  A  Seoond  Lecture  on 
the  Sodal  EmpLogrmeiiti  of  Women.    Fep.  Oro.  8a. 

Jaqnemet's  Gompendiam  of  Chronology : 

Containing  the  most  important  Dates  of 
General  History,  PoHtioal,  Eoeleaiaatical, 
and  Literary,  from  the  (>eation  of  the 
World  to  the  end  of  the  Year  1854.  Edited 
by  the  Bev.  J.  Alcobjt,  MA.  Second 
Ediiiotu    Post  8to.  price  7s.  6d. 

Lord  Jeffirey'8   Contributions  to  The 

Edinburgh  Beview.  A  New  Edition,  com- 
plete in  One  Volume,  with  a  Portrait  en- 
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Square  crown  8vo.  21s.  cloth ;  or  80s.  cidf. 
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Bishop  Jeremy  Taylor's  Entire  Works : 

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Johns.— The  iLand  of  Silence  and  the 

Land  of  Darkness.  Being  Two  Essays  on 
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the  Bev.  B.  0-.  Johhb,  Chaplain  of  the 
Blind  Sdiool,  St.  George's  Fields,  South- 
wark.    Pep.  Svo.  piioe  4a.  6d. 


Johnston.— A  Bictionaiy  of  Geography, 

Descriptive,  Physical,  Statistical,  and  Histori- 
cal: Forming  a  complete  General  Gazetteer 
of  the  World.  By  A.  Keith  Johnston, 
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Edinburgh  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty. 
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EMiaven.— A  Mannal  of  the  Domestic 

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Mrs.  R.  Lee's  Elemaits  of  Natural  His- 
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spersed with  aftiusing  and  instructive  Ac- 
counts of  the  most  remarkable  Animals. 
New  Edition;  Woodcuts.    Fcp. 8vo. 7b. 6d. 

Letters  'to  my  Unknown  Friends.    By 

a  Last,  Author  of  Lettere  on  Sappineet, 
Fourth  Edition.     Fcp.  8vo.  6s. 

Lattan  on  Happtnets,  addresied  (o  a  Mead. 

By  a  Lat>t,  Author  of  Lettere  to  my  Unknown 
Briemde.    Fcp.  8vo.  6s. 

L.E.L.— The  Poetical  Works  of  Letitia 

Elizabeth  Landon;  comprising  the  Impro^ 
vitairice^  the  Venetian  Bracelet^  the  Golden 
Violet^  the  Trouhadowy  and  Poetical  Bemains. 
New  Edition ;  with  2  Vignettes  by  B.  Doyle. 
2  vols.  16mo.  10s.  doth ;  morocco,  21s. 

Dr.  John  Lindley's  Theory  and  Practice 

of  Horticultnie  ;  or,  an  Attempt  to  explain 
the  principal  Operations  of  Oardening  upon 
Physiological  Grounds :  Being  the  Second 
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Dr.    Joha    Lindley's  Introdnction  to 

Botany*  New  Edition,  with  Corrections  ancf 
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Be 


la 


NEW  WOBKS  Aim  NBW  KDITIONS 


LARDNER'S    CABINET   CYCLOPEDIA 


Of  BQitorf,  Siographyy  literatiiM,  the  Arts  and  flcienoef,  Vatnnl  History,  and  Maaufketiizes. 

A  Series  of  Original  Works  liy 

Thomas  Keiohtlbt, 
John  Foestbr, 
Sir  Waltbk  Scott, 
Thomas  Moobb, 

AND  OTHBB  EmINBNT  WbITBBS. 

Complete  in  1S9  vols.  fcp.  8vo.  with  Vignette  Titles,  price,  in  cloth.  Nineteen  Qmw 
Tbe  Works  »€parateljf,  in  Sets  or  Series,  price  Three  Shillings  and  Sixpence  each  Voliuiie. 


Sin  John  Hrrschbl, 
Sib  Jambs  Macbintosh, 
Robbbt  South  by. 
Sib  Datid  Bbbwstbb, 


BisHor  Thiblwall* 
Thb  Rbt.  G.  &.  OiAia. 
J.  C.  L.  Dm  SisMONDi. 
John  Phillifb,  F.R.S.,  G.S. 


1. 

s. 
s. 

4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
It. 

18. 
U. 
15. 

6. 
17. 

18. 
19. 
80. 

tl. 


94. 


98. 

f7. 
98. 
99. 
80. 
81. 
SS. 
83. 


A  Lui  of  ih§  Works  eompoting  iAe  CABrNxr  Ctclopjmia  :— 

34.  Lsrdner  on  Heat 1  voL  3B.  &L 

35.  Lsrdner's  Hydroststi«>  sod  PnenmBtleB  1  Tol.8K.e<2: 

86.  Lardner  and  Walker's  Elsetricttj  and 
Hagnstism 8Tala.7c 

87.  Mackintoah,  Foreter.  and  Oomtenaj'a 
Lives  of  British  Statsamen 7  Tola.  Ug.  02. 

38.  Mackintosh.  Wallace,  and  Ball's  History 

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T 


16 


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''Gsntna  America  Is  not 
an  Inviting  place  for  flw 
lounglnir  teavaUsr.  !%• 
roaos  une  bad;  there  are  no 
lone:  food  is  scaroe;  the 
seopla  areiHaiiaueat:  aooRm- 
oreb  swarm;  aeltber  lift 
WW  Iffvpertgr  la  safe.  Dr. 
Sobener  traveUad  wUh 
guides  of  doabtftd  fldeOty. 
waafoNedto  ken  hto  -hmA 
on  toM  gm  ana  revolver, 
Boraetfmes  compelled  to  eat 
a  few  Uack-beans  or  starve; 
now  fH'iMringat  night  throogh 
a  foreia,  now  escorted  Ey 
fasxitwted  soUHsn  arifli  M.  1 

fiLoao. 

^  L.  Sehmitz's  Histoqr  of  Greece,  fxm 

the  Earliest  Times  to  tiw  Takiiig  of  CkrinU 
bj  the  Bomans,  b.o.  146,  mainlv  baaed  uixsi 
Blriiop  Tfairiwall's  ffislmy.  limrtk&M^ 
with  Swppiemaatsrj  Chapters  oa  the  Iam- 
ratore  and  tbe  Arts  of  Ancient  Greece  •  vc 
illustrated  with  a  liap  of  AtiieDs  and  137 
Woodcuts,  designed  from  the  Antiqae  bt 
G.  Schar^  jon.,  F.S-i.    12dio.7s.^ 


.       _w «»dtii2sel; 

no^  awtuglAKin  a  luaeoBBodL 
tea  flltau  boni:  »aa  t«- 
oelviiw  tbe  Pnwiilenl   of  i 

hsrlBK  a  bard  and  aannloa 
BfcjgaL  Jas  fcc  docs  r.< 

hnnver  tnTeQ«r  a«Sdom  U^ 
oMda  Ma  way  te  «Miaad3C 
tvadEsarbeyoidLtae  ^b^tfa 
or  tbe  dvillaed  wtjrid. . 
TheCeaanlAiMricn  q>»f- 
tiqn  will  probably  endow  iv. 
a  book  witb  «a  si- 


VUBJSBWKD  BY  LOKaifAN,  BBOWN,  ASH  00. 


19 


Bowdler's  Family  Sbakspeare :  Li  which 

nothing  is  added  to  the  Original  Text ;  but 
those  words  and  expressions  are  omitled 
which  cannot  with  propriety  be  read  aloud. 
Illustrated  with  Thirty-six  Tignettes  en- 
graTed  on  Wood  from  original  Designs  by 


G.  COOKS,  B.A. 
B.  COOKS, 
X.  KOWABD,  m.A. 
K.  SUTGLBTOir, 
B.  SlCXSn,  B.A. 


T.  8TOTHAKD,  B.A. 

H.  momov,  S.A. 

B.  WBSUXb,  S.A. 
B.  W0BI>10JtI>B,  BO. 


Scrivenor's  HistoTj  of  the  Iron  Trade, 

from  the  Eariiest  Becords  to  the  Present 
Period.  New  Bditaon,  eorrecrted.  8to. 
price  IDs.  6d. 

Sir  Edward  Seaward's  Narrative  of  Ids 

Shipwreck,  and  consequent  Dxseorery  of 
certain  Islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
Third  Edition.  2  toIs.  post  8to.  21s.— An 
ABBiDQiDsinr,  in  16mo.  price  2e.  6d. 

The  Sermon  in  the  Mount.   Printed  by 

O.  Whittingham,  uniformly  with  the  TAumi 
Bible  i  bound  and  daq^ed.    64mo.  Is.  6d. 

Sewell.— Amy  Herbert.    By  a  Lady. 

Edited  by  the  Bey.  William  Sewbll,  B.D., 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford. 
New  Edition.    Pep.  6to.  price  6s. 

8ewell.-The  Earl's  Banghter.    By  the 

Author  of  Amy  Herbert,  Edited  by  the  Bey. 
W.  Sbwbll,  B.D.    2  Tolfl.  fop.  8vo.  98. 

Sewell.  —  Gertrude :    A  Tale.   By   the 

Author  of  Amy  Herbert,  Edited  by  Uie  Bey. 
W.  Sswsll,  J3.D.    Pep.  8yo.  price  6s. 

Sewell. —Margaret  PercivaL    By  the 

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By  the  tame  Author,  New  Bditione, 

lYors.   2  vols.  fep.  Svo.  price  ISA. 

deveHaU.   2'YelB,fiDp.8yo.  price  128. 

Xathaxine  Ashton.   2  yoU.  fcp.  8yo.  120. 

The  E]q^eri0noe  of  Life.  Pep.  Syo.  price  7t.  6d. 

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graphical  Dictionary  of  the  British  Islands 
and  Narrow  Seas :  Comprising  concise  De- 
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is  constructed  on  Uie  plan 
of  faoQUating  referanee  1>y 
bringing  together  as  many 
articles  as  possible  nnder 
distinct  heada. ...  All  the  po- 
sitions have  been  retaken 
from  the  mans ;  and  not  only 
the  ooanty  out  the  quarter 
of  tlie  coanly  given  hi  which 
a  name  mignt  oe  looked  for. 
We  must,  in  short,  repeat 
with  a  Uberal  acqmescence 
what  Mr.  Sharp  himself  r^ 
marks  of  his  five  j'ean*  diU- 
sent  laboar,  that  itwlU  be 
found  to  oomprlae,  in  a  clear 
andle^ble  type,  more  snb- 
stflcntial information,  collect- 
ed ihnnoriglnaisoarose.  and 
put  into  a  convenient  form, 
tiian    the    bulkiest  of  its 


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pears to  us  its  most  ad- 
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aeeessible  as  tai  tl*is  new  ga- 
zetteer. Every  article  bears 
ttxe  mark  of  studied,  careftd. 
and  exact  oompilation.  It 
comprehends  both  the  topo- 
graphy and  the  hydrography 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  aad 


Short  Whist;  its  Else,  Progress,  and 

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ings  from  Designs  by  P,  Tatubk.  Second 
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Authors  of  Amy  Berbert^  The  Old  Man's 
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Smith  (G.)  —  History  of  Wesleyan  Me- 
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20 


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Navigation  of  the  Ancients.  By  JaXXB 
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Edition ;  with  Charts,  Views,  and  Wood- 
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1.  A  liTBRunr  Esmov  (ths  FmrM).  in  S  vols.  8to. 
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and  the  River  Plate.  A  Narrative  of  Life 
in  the  Southern  Seaa.  Sy  W.  Pabkeb 
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Parti,  price  Che  Skiuwa  each,  or  in  50  Yolumes,  price  it.  6d.  eacA  tm  cUik.-^ 
To  he  had  also,  m  compiefce  Sets  only,  at  Fioe  Qma^at  per  Set,  bound  im  elM, 
lettered,  in  25  Yolunies,  classified  asfolhtos:-^ 


VOYAGES  AND  TRAVELS. 


IN  EUROPE. 

▲  CONnKKNTAL  TOUR 

ARCTIC  V0TAQB8  AND  > 


PISCOVIIRIKS 


5 


BXJ.BABBOW. 
IT  r.  MATNE. 


BRITTANY  AND  tVdt  BIBLE BT  I.  HOPE. 

BRITTANY  AND  THE  CHASE «T  I.  HOPE. 

C0B8ICA  BT  F.  OBBGOBOVIUS. 

<TO!S^kA  ^^^.!!'.}  ■■■■  "«■  i^«- 

KmiND ,. btP.MILBS. 

NORWAY.  A  RS8IDRNCB  IN bt  S.  LAINO. 

NORWAY,  RAMBLES  IN bt  T.  FORESTER. 

RUSbIA BTTHB  MARQUIS  DE  CU8TINE. 

RUSSIA  AND  TURKEY  . .  BT  J.  R.  M'CULLOCH. 

ST.  PETEBSBURa BT  M.  JEKRMANN. 

THE  RUSSIANS  OF  THE  SOUTH,  bt  S.  BROOKS. 

MONT  BLANC.  ASCENT  OF BT  J.  AULDJO. 

"W^SFaS^  I!^!""}"  '•  VON  T8CHTOI. 
VISIT  TO  THE  YAUDOIS)  -_  -    t,atvbl« 

OF  PIEDMONT    J *^  **•  BAINBS. 


IN  ASM. 

CHINA  AND  THIBET STnoi  ABBS' HUC. 

SYRIA  AND  PALB8T1NX. "^BDrKKN." 

THE  PHILIPPINB  ISLANDS,  ax  P.  QmOiaiaE. 

IN  AFRICA. 

AFRICAN  WANDUUNeS xrK.W9]nB. 

MOROCCO BTLXDmoKSr 

NIGER  EXPLORATION .  .XX  T.  J.  HUTCRIBSON. 
THE  ZULUS  OF  NATAL MT  CL  H.  MASON. 

IN  AfMERICA. 

BRAZIL BT  K  WILBERFOBCE. 

CANADA BT  A.  M.  JAMESON. 

CUBA BX  W.  H.  HUKLBUT. 

NORTH  AMERICAN  WILDS  ....  BTaLANMAN. 

IN  AUSTRALIA. 
AUSTRALIAN  COLONIES BT  W.  HUGHES. 

ROUND  THE  WORLD. 
A  LADTS  YOYAOB BXlDiA  PFDFFSR. 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


1^^? 


OF  THE  DUKE 
;iFE  OF  MARSHAL 

TURENNS ^        

8CHAMYL  ....  BT  BODENBTEDT  abb  WAGNER. 
FERDINAND  I.  AND  MAXIMI-  1 

LIAN  II / 

FRANCIS  ARAGO'S  AUTOBIOORAPHT. 
THOMAS  HQLCROrrS  MEMOIRS. 


OF  WELLINGTON. 

BT  THB  REV.  T.  0. 

COCKAYNE. 


BT    RANKE. 


TWABD. 


CHESTERFIELD  ft  SELWYN,  ST  A. 
SWIFT  AND  RICHARDSON.  btLORD 
DEFOE  AND  CHURCHILL  ....  BT  J.  FORSnOt. 
ANECDOTES  OF  DR.  JOHNSON,  bt  MR&  PIOBl. 
TURKEY  AND  CHRISTBNDoif. 
LEIPSIC  CAMPAIGN,  bt  cu  BSV.  a  B.  COflO. 
AN  ESSAY  ON  THE  LIFE  ANDl   XT  HENRY 
GENIUS  OF  THOMAS  FULLBRX 


ESSAYS  BY  LORD  MACAULAY. 


WARREN  HASTINGS 

LORD  CLIVBT 

WILLUM  PITT. 

THE  EARL  OF  CHATHAM. 

RANKE'S  HISTORY  OF  THB  POPES. 

GLADSTONE  ON  CHURCH  AND  STATE, 

ADDISON'S  LIFE  AND  WRITINGS. 

HORACE  WALPOLE. 

LORD  BACON. 


LORD  BYRON.  

COMIC  DRAMATISTS  OF  THB  BBSTORATION. 
FREDERIC  THE  GREAT. 
HALLAM'S  CONSTITUTIONAL  HISTORY. 
CROKER'S  EDITION  OF  BOSWELL'S  LIFE  OF 
JOHNSON. 

LORD  MACAULAT*8  OnEECHES  OS  PARLIA- 
MENTARY BW>RM. 


WORKS  OP  PICTION. 


THB  LOVE  STORY,  nox  SOUTHEY'S  DOCTOR, 
SIR  ROGER  DE  COVERLEY. . . .  }  gScTATOa 
MEMOIRS  OF  A  MAITRE-D'ARMES.  bt  DUMAS. 
CONFESSIONS  OF  A  1  .^  «  R/MTVie<friiv 

WORKING  yVT  ,.   / "^  *•  BOUVBSTBJS. 


SIR   EDWARD  SBAWASiyB   NARBA^CTfE  <tf 


BIS  SHIPWRECK^ 


NATURAL  HISTORY,  &«. 

NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  1  ^  ^^    ,     vTtitx*      I  ELEOntIO  TBLBGBAPH.  Ae.XTDR.6.WIiSCB7. 

CREATION , /  "^  '**•  ^'  KEMP.        OUROOAL-FIELDS  AND  OUR  COAL-PITS. 

INDICATIONS  OF  ^STINCT.  BT  DR.  L.  KEMP.     |  CORNWALL.  ITS  MINX8,  MINERS,  fte. 


MISCELLANEOUS  WORKS. 


LECTURES  AND  ADDRESSES  f  ■^rTSr^S'  ®' 

SELECTIONS  FROM  SYDNEY  SMITH'S 

WRITINGS. 
PRINTING BTA.6TABK. 


^^'^}..XTK.8PK»CBB. 
MBV.W.Jj 


RAILWAY  M^ULS  ANDl 
RAILWAY  POLICY  . . .  .^ 
M0RM0NI8M . .  BT  IBX  tOPf.  W.  J.  OONYBBaBB. 
LONDON ....axJ«B.M*CULLOCB. 


FUBueexB  BT  LOKGMAN,  "BROVHS,  A3n>  00. 


S8 


The  Tntveiler's  Library  being  new  oem- 

plete,^  the  PubUflhen  oall  atteniioti  to  ibis 
collection  as  well  adapted  for  Traveltert  and 
BmigrmtU,  for  iSreA<M»;-rooM  Libraries,  tbe  £f6raHe« 
qf  Meekanies*  Institutiotu,  Yotmg  Men*9  LSbrariei, 
tbe  Ukrmim  e/^Mp#,  aikd  linilv  ynrpMM.  Tbe 
teparmte  YQlomes  are  Baited  for  School  Prizft, 
FruenH  to  Tomug  P$opie,  end  fer  fenerrt  tettnic- 
tioB  end  eatertafannent.  Tbe  8eriee  cenpriiee 
iMvtMo  of  tbe  Boet  popotar  of  liord  Maeaaiay's 
JStMfC  aod  bia  Bfetcktt  on  Parttantntary  Refofm. 
The  department  of  Travela  contains  tome  account 
aC  ticbt  of  tbe  pfincipal  comiftnce  of  Eiiiep^  aa 
wcU  aa  travels  in  ftur  diitricta  ef  Alrlea>  in  four  of 
awnrka,  and  in  tbxee  of  Alia,  Madame  PfeilTer's 
Firtt  Jommtn  round  iho  World  is  indaded  i  and  a 
f eneral  accoant  of  tbe  Avsir^lian  ColonUt,  In 
Bioprapby  and  History  will  be  fbnnd  Lord  Macao- 
lay's  Biographical  Sketches  of  Warren  HatiHngt, 
€tt»e,  Pitt,  Walpoitj  Bacon,  and  others ;  besides 
Memoirs  of  WoUhtgton,  Tnr^nno,  F^  Arago,  fcc. ;  an 
Bssay  oa  tbe  life  and  Genius  e#  TkomoB  Fntler, 
with  SelectioBS  Aram  his  WritioffB,  by  Mr.  Henry 
Rof^ers ;  and  a  history  of  the  Liipno  Caatpui^,  by 
Mr.'  Gleig;,  —  which  is  the  only  separate  account  of 
tbia  remarkable  cempaifo.  Worbe  of  Fiotfaa  did 
not  come  witbia  tbe  plan  of  the  TRAvatiiiia's  Li- 
bra a  y  ;  but  tbe  Cot^€$H(nt4  of  a  Working  Mat^  by 
SoQvestre,  which  iaindeed  a  Action  founded  on  Ibct, 
has  been  included,  and  has  been  read  with  nnusual 
interest  by  many  of  tbe  worliingr  classes,  ftvr  whose 
iiae  it  is  sspeciaUy  recommended.  Domas's  story 
of  tbe  Maitrt'd'Armct,  tbongh  in  form  a  work  of 
Action,  j^ivee  a  strikinir  picture  of  an  episode  in  the 
bietery  of  Rnssin.  Amongst  Ibe  woyJcs  on  Science 
and  Netnml  Pbttoaopby,  a  nanavnl  view  of  Crsation 
ia  embodied  in  Ibr«  ¥i9mp*%,Natnrai  ilVcleiy  of 
Crtaiioni  and  in  bin  imdl€«itttn0o/Jn»tinet  remark- 
able  Ibcts  ia  natural  history  are  collected.  Dr. 
lATilaon  has  contributed  a  popular  account  of  the 
Electric  Tgtegrqpk.  In  the  volumes  on  tbe  Coo/- 
Ficlds,  and  on  the  Tin  and  other  Mining  Districts 
of  CormcaU,  ia  gnem  an  acceunt  of  the  loineial 
wealth  of  England^  tbe  habits  and  manners  of  the 
minere^  andthe  aoenevy  of  tbe  snrroundiug  country. 
It  only  lemeine  to  add,  that  among  tbe  Miacella- 
naoas  Works  ace  a  Selection  of  the  best  Writinga  of 
tbe  Ker.  Sydney  Smith;  Lord  Carlisle'a  XMf«re« 
and  Addrcsset ;  an  account  of  Af onaoniss^  by  the 
Rev.  W.  J.  Conybeare;  an  exposition  of  Railway 
mauMement  and  mianuuwgeMaat,  by  Mr.  Hairbeit 
Spencer  j  an  account  of  tbe  Origin  and  Practice  of 
PrinHnff^  by  Mr.  Stark;  and  an  account  of  Xontfon, 
by  Mr.  M'Culloch. 

"*  If  wewws  oalbd  upon  t» 
lay  tlifi  flrtt  fttane  ofa  Me- 
oluHilcs*  iMtituift  or  Book- 
Society's  CoUmUod,  liBboidd 
be  composed  of  th^  hundred 
and  two  pwts  of  the  Tra^ 
vell^B  LUrranr.  It  is  the 
beet  Shilttiur  tjerlas  esUnt. 
Mere  are  St.  Macaulay^a 
beet  wrltiiM,  tbe  sntbolesia 


of  Syduev  Smith,  tome  ad- 
xnirable  Uterarjt  tuagu  fay 
diflbrent  authors.  Bevefal  en> 
cellcnt  volume*  of  edeuce, 
narraltvet  of  travel  In  eiglit 
guiQMan,  four  ijneriouiw 
four  AiHcan,  and  three  A«i- 

47  Tbe  Trawlhr'*  Library  magr  aUo  be  bad 
aa  originally  iaatu^  in  102  parta»  la.  eacb, 
fonxuDg  50  Tola.  2s.  6d.  each ;  or  any  separate 
parts  or  yohunea. 


atie  counferieBt  „ 

from  tbe  works  of  Souveitro 
andDumaB.  Bound togalher, 
th«7  fttruL  twenty-flvB 
>iu«  '  ~  ■  "  ■  " 


_  con- 

venient volvuea.  which  any 
■ocieM  of  a  banteed  and  five 
memben  may  pouees,  upon 
oaymeutof  one  ■hiUing«Mb. 
An  SMoelation  of  Ibis  kind, 
formed  in  every  asiall  town, 
would  thus  create  sufficient 
basis  for  a  free  library  upon 
a  modest  seale.  Gooafaooks 
are  not  beyond  the  reach  of 
worklnir  men,  if  working 
men  wJu  ««q»mne  to  obtain 
them.'* 


TroUope.*- Barchestar  Towenu  ByAn- 

raoHT  TxoxidOPB.    8  Tola,  peat  8to.  price 
Sla.6d. 

and  the  sense  and  right 
feeling  with  whidi  the  way 
is  threaded  amons  questions 
of  bMi  church  and*  low 
ehuwi,  are  very  ootleeable, 
ttiid  locare  for  it  unquestion- 
able rank  amoiig  the  few 
reaUy  well-written  talaa  that 
every  season  produces.** 


(a 

kbidofse«MlbieoatiBHwMon 
of  Mr.  Trollope's  foimer 
mov^  Tha  Warden)  does 
not  depend  only  on  aiQey  fbr 
its  interest ;  the  csreAd 
wrltlBg.  the  Rood  humour 
with  a  teodeacy  oftMi  to  be 
Shandean  in  its  expression, 


nrollope.— nie  'W^arden.  By  Anthony  TroUepe. 
Post  8to.  10a.  6d« 

Sharon  Tiumer's  Sacred  Ktetory  of  the 

Worldt  atteaapted  to  be  Pbilosophioally 
oonaidered,  in  a  Series  of  Letters  to  a  Son. 
New  Edition,  edited  by  the  Bey.  S.  TirBNXB. 
8  Tola,  poat  8to«  pneo  Sla.  6d.- 

Sharon  Timer's  Hiatory  of  England 

during  the  Middle  Ageas  Oempriaing  the 
Beigna  from  the  Konnan  Conqueat  to  the 
Aoceaaion  of  Henry  YIII.  Fifth  Edition, 
reyiaed  by  the  Ber.  S«  TnucxB.  4  Tols. 
$Y0«  price  60a. 

Sharon  Turner's  History  of  the  Anglo- 

Swffna,  from  the  Sartiaet  Period  to  tlie 
KormanCon^oeat.  SeTeathSdition,rersaed 
bgr  tlae  Aet.  S.  Xranou    8  Tola.  Svo.  86a. 

Br.  Ttirtdn's  Manual  of  the  Land  and 

F^h-Water  SheUa  of  0nat  BritaiB.  New 
BditioR,  thoroughly  revised  and  brought  np 
to  the  Present  Time.  Edited  by  Dr.  J.  E. 
Qrat,  F.B.S.,  Ac.,  Keeper  of  the  Zoological 
Department  in  the  British  Museum.  Crown 
8yo.  with  Coloured  Plates-     {In  the  preM» 

IhTa  TXre'g  Dictionary  of  Arts,  Mann&c- 

tures,  and  Minea :  Containing  a  clear  Expo- 
sition  of  their  Principles  and  Practice. 
Fourth  Edition,  mueh  radarged  ;  most  of 
the  Articles  being  entirely  re-written,  and 
many  new  Artiolea  added.  With  nearly 
1,600  Woodcuts.    2  yols.  8yo.  price  60s. 

Van  Der  Hoeven's  Haadbeok  of  Zoology. 

Translated  from  tbe  Second  Dutch  Edition 
by  the  Bot.  William  Citaxx,  M.D.»  F.B.S., 
«o.,  Ute  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  in  the  Uniyersity  of 
Cambridge  -,  with  additional  Beferences  fur- 
nished by  tiie  Anibor.  In  Two  Yohunes. 
Vol.  I.  ImferiebnUa  Juimal*;  with  16  Plates, 
Qomprising  niun^rona  Figwee.    8yo.  80i. 


I 


Yehse*— Memoirs  of  the  Coort,  Aristo- 
cracy, and  Diplomacy  of  Austria.  By  Dr.  E. 
Ybhsb.  Translated  from  the  German  by 
FnjLBZ  I^xiacLSB.    2  yols.  post  8yo.  21s. 


24 


NEW  WOBKS  PVBLXBHXD  BT  LONGMAN  aitb  CO. 


T 


Von  Tempsky*  —  Mitla :  A  Narrative  of 

Incidents  and  Personal  Adyentures  on  a 
Journey  in  Mexico  and  Guatemala  in  the 
Years  1853  and  1854:  With  Obsenrations 
on  the  Modes  of  Life  in  those  Countries.  Bj 
G.  F.  Vox  Tbmpbkt.  Edited  bj  J.  S.BSLL, 
Author  of  Journal  of  a  Rttidenee  tn  CireasHa 
in  iMe  Teart  1886  to  1839.  With  Jllustra- 
tions  in  Chromolithographj  and  Engrarings 
on  Wood.    Sto.  [InthepresM, 

Wade.  —  England's  Oreatness :  Its  Rise 

and  Progress  inGoyenuneot,  Laws,  Beligion, 
and  Social  Life;  Agriculture,  Commerce, 
and  Manu£tustujres  i  Science,  Literature,  and 
the  Arts,  from,  the  Earliest  Period  to  the 
Peace  of  Paris.  B  j  John  Wads,  Author  of 
the  CabiHet  Lawyer,  &c.    Post  Syo.  IDs.  6d. 

Waterton.— Essays  on  Natural  History, 

chiefly  Ornithology.  By  C.  Watbstok,  Esq. 
With  an  Autobiography  of  the  Author,  and 
Views  of  Walton  HalL  New  and  cheaper 
Edition.    2  rols.  fcp.  Sto.  price  lOs. 

Wat«rton's  Zuaya  on  Natural  History.  Third 
Series ;  with  a  Continuation  of  the  Auto- 
biography, and  a  Portrait  of  the  Author. 
Eop.  Sro.  price  6s. 

Webster  and  Parkes's  Encyclopsdia  of 

Domestic  Economy ;  comprising  such  sub- 
jects as  are  most  immediately  connected  with 
Housekeeping:  As,  The  Construction  of 
Domestic  Edifices,  with  theModes  of  Warm- 
ing, Ventilating,  and  Lighting  them — A  de- 
scription of  the  various  articles  of  Furniture, 
with  the  nature  of  their  Materials — Duties  of 
Servants — &c.  New  Edition;  with  nearly 
1,000  Woodcuts.    Sto.  price  60s. 

Weld.  —  Vacations  in    Ireland.      By 

Chablbs  Biohabb  Weld,  Barrister -at - 
Law.  Post  Syo.  with  a  tinted  View  of 
Birr  Castle,  price  lOs.  6^d. 

Weld.— A  Vacation  Tour  in  the  ITnited  States 
and  Canada.  By  C.  B.  Weld,  Barrister-at- 
Law.    Post  Svo.  with  Map,  lOs.  6d. 

West.  —  Lectores  on  the  Diseases  ^of 

Infancy  and  Childhood.  BtChables  West, 
M.D., 'Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Sick 
Children  $  Physician-Accoucheur  to,  and 
Lecturer  on  Midwifery  at,  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital.    Third  Edition.    8vo.  14a. 

Willich's  Popular  Tables  for  ascertain- 
ing the  Value  of  Lifehold,  Leasehold,  and 
Church  Property,  Eenewal  Fines,  &o.  With 
numerous  additional  Tables — Chemical,  As- 
tronomical, Trigonometrical,  Common  and 
Hyperbolic  Logarithms;  Constants,  Squares. 
Cubes,  Boots,  Beciprocals,  &c.  Fourth 
Edition,  enlarged.    Post  8vo.  price  IDs. 


Wbitelocke's  Journal  of  the  English 

Embassy  to  the  Court  of  Sweden  in  the 
Years  1658  and  1654.  A  New  Edition, 
rerised  by  Hbitbt  Bbstx,  Esq.,  VAJl 
2  Tola,  8to.  24s. 

WQmot's  Abridgment  of   Blackstone's 

Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of  England,  in- 
tended for  the  use  of  Toung  Persons,  and 
comprised  in  aseries  of  Letters  from  aFather 
to  his  Banghter.    ISmo.  price  6f.  6d» 

Wilson  (W.)—BryoIogia  Britannica:  Con- 
taining the  Mosses  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  systematically  arrangedanddescribed 
according  to*  the  Method  of  Bruek  and 
Sehimper;  with  61  illustratiye  PUutea.  Being 
a  New  Edition,  enlarged  and  altered,  of  w 
Muicolo^  Briianniea  of  Messrs.  Hooker  and 
.Taylor.  By  William  Wilbov,  President 
of  the  Warrington  Natural  History  Society. 
Sro.  428.;  or,  with  the  Plates  ooloured, 
price  £4.  4s.  cloth. 

Tonge.*A  New  English-Greek  Lexicon : 

Containing  all  the  Greek  Worda  used  bj 
Writers  of  good  authority.  By  O.  B. 
YoNOB,  B.A.  Second  SdUion^  reriaed  and 
corrected.    Post  4to.  price  21s. 

Yonge's  Hew  Latin  Gradiu:  Containing 
Every  Word  used  by  the  Poets  of  good 
authority.  For  the  use  o£  Eton,  West- 
minster, Winchester,  Harrow,  Chaarterliouse, 
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don; and  Marlborough  College.  Ifflh 
Edition,  Post  Sro.  price  9s.;  or  with 
Appendix  of  EpiikeU  classified  according 
to  their  EngUeh  Meaning,  12s. 

Yonatt-The  Horse.  By  William  Yonstt 

With  a  Treatise  of  Draught.  New  Edition, 
with  numerous  Wood  Engravings,  from 
Designs  by  William  Hanrey.  (Messrs. 
LoKOXAH  and  Ck>.'s  Edition  ahould  be  or- 
dered.)   Sro.  price  10s. 

Yonatt-Tho  Bog.  SyWUliam  Youatt.  A 
Kew  Edition;  with  numerous  Engrarings, 
from  Designs  by  W.  Harrey.     8to.  68. 

Yonng.  — The  Christ  ct  History:  An 

Argument  grounded  in  the  Pacts  of  Bif 
Life  on  EaHh.  By  JOHK  YoiTKO,  LLJ). 
Second  Edition.    Post  8to.  7a.  6d. 

Yoiui|r~^o  Mystery;  or,  Evfl  and  God.  By 
JoHK  Youva,  LLJ).    Post  8to.  7s.  ed. 

Zumpt's  Grammar  of  the  Latin  Lan- 
guage.    Translated   and  adapted  for  the 
use  of  English  Students  by  Ds.  L.  ScBCMRe* 
E.B.S.E.  s  With  numerons  Additlona  vii*^^ 
Corrections  by  the  Author  and  l^wialator. 
4th  Edition,  thoroughly  rerised.    8vo.  14tf. 

lOeiober  1857. 


PaiNTBD  BT  aPOTTISWOODB  AND  CO.,  NBW-STaBST  saUABB,  tONOOW. 


^t/t7 


im 


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