Full text of "An English garner : ingatherings from our history and literature"

CENTRE
for
REFORMATION
and
RENAISSANCE
STUDIES

VICTORIA
UNIVERSITY

T O R O N T O

NGLISH

ARNER.

" YEt,ttlSTORY HA TH TRIUI4Pft ED
OVER TIME: WHICH BE$1DEg IT,
NOTHI N¢ BUT ET£RNITY I.IATH
"[RIUIVfPHED

OEontçnt. of t¢ ¢ntb iolum¢.
T[HOMAS] D[ELOEY]. Tree allads on te rmada figh/. (Aug.
588.) ....................................... 39
R. L[C8E ?]., Gentleman. Dz.. Certain Sonne/s,
fo the a»wrous Poem Dom IEGO and G}'NEURA. 0596.)... 85
Sir FRANCIS VERE. he Cnmmentaries Sir FRA,VCS VERE
bein divers Pieces Semi«e wherein he bai cotnntand;
writtenbyhi»tsein dyCommcnhtry. 589-16o. (? 6.) 57
L'xlcs, ELS c. Firsl Sel of Iadrgals. By JOHN
XVLB7E. (April 598.) ........................... 325
WILLIAM KEMP. KE,rts nine dayd ,onder. Pcortned in a
dance from Zondon la Norwich. Containinff lke leasure,
Pains, and kind EnlertaDtment of IVILLIAI A'EMP, belween
London and lhat cily, in his late «l[orrice. (April I6OO.) ...... I
AN. SC. Gentleman. DAIPHANTUS, or The Passions of Love.
Co»tical to read, but Traffical lo a«l : as fi«ll of ll'il, as Ex-
#erience. XVhereunto is added, T]te Passionale [an's
abc. 0604.) ................................. 579
[?] Ilovedalassa#irone (?629.) ..................
EDWARD CHAMBERLAYNE. The social position lhe English
slablished Clet2oE , in 669, A.D. (669-) ............... 243
[T. B. (J. EACHARD, D.D.)]. The Grounds and Occions
Con&'ml the Clergy and Reliffion nquired inlo. In a
etler writl«n to R. L (8 Aug. 67o. ) ...............
HENRY PITMAN. Relation of the .greal st'rDs and strate
advenlures HE«vx V PIXIA.V Chirueon to
[O,VMOUTH. 0oJune 689.) ..................... 333
J. WHICKER. n Mccount of the advenlures of my Com#anions,
sittce I Il l]tem on Sallaludos. (I689.) ............... 370

6 CONTENTS

OF THE SEVENTH VOLUME.

ROBERT LYDE. M true and ea'act /tccount of the Relaking of a
Shi2b , called The Friends' Adventure, of To#sham, from the
Frendt ; aller site had been taken six days, and lhey were uîbon
the toasts of France wiltt il/our days. bVhere one En.$1ishman
and a boy set uîbon Seven Frenchmen, killed lwo of lhem, look
the other Five îbrisoners, and brouffM the shi and them sale to
lïteland. (1693.) .............................. 42t
I)ANIEL I)EFOE. 7"/te 7"rue lTorn En,lishman. ./1 Satyr. (Jan.
7oL) .............................. "'" . ..... 507
LEGlor;'s M'emorf«L 04 May 7Ol.) ......... 577
The l-[ist;yof the Ken/istt Peli/ion. (July 17Ol. ) 553
The Sttorles/- Way wi/h lhe Dissenl«rs : or Pro-
îbosalsfor/he Es/ablishmeat ofthe Church. (I Dec. I7o2.) ... 585
1 Hymn to the Pillory. (29 July 17o3.) ...... 6o3
The Pro/oO,#e and Plan of/he Review. (Sept.
x7o4.) ....................................... 618
2DEFoE's intention 1o sto# l/te Review ¢villt 2Vo.
oo; and how it came to be con/inued. (Feb. I7o5. ) ...... 620
Preface /o lhe First Voluneof lhe Review. (17o5.) 626
Preface /o lhe Second Volume of the Review.
(17°6-) ....................................... 63,
Prefitce/o/heThirdVolumeof/heReviesv. (7o6.) 636
Preface /o lhe FourlA Vohtme of /he Review.
(17o8.) ....................................... 64
.. P..r.eface/ollteFiflhVohtmeoflheReview. 07o9.) 644
Prelace /o the Si:'/h Vohtme of /Ae Review. 07,o.) 648
Prefacë fo the Seven/h Vohtne of /he Review.
(71 .) ....................................... 653
The I¢cvolult'on of 1688, ils ibriltdfiles and fittr-
î3oses in a nulshell. (7-1o Jan. 171o.) .................. 460
tn libtSeal /o I-ronottr and 'us/ice, /houffh it be
ofhis worst lïneln[s. (Nov. 1714. ) .................. 465
ISAAC BICKERSTAFF If.e., RCHARD STEELE]. 7he miserfes of /he
l?omeslic Chailain, in 7o. (23 Nov. 171o.) ............ 37
IN]'ESTOR IRONSIDE Il.e.," RICHARD STEELE]. 4no/her descrifition
of /he miseries of/Ire Domes/ic ChatShtin , in I713, A.D. (I 7 Sept.
I73.) ................................
...... 322

FIRST LI.NES

A Chaos free to choose 54 °
A country lass ............
Adieu, sweet ...............
Advance thy dooble ...... 6x 4
After some tlme ........... ¢24
A glistering cutlass ......
Ats, what a wrctched... 33o
Alas, what hope of ...... 3¢8
Ail hls past kindness ... 549
Ail ruade of rugged ...... ¢34
Ail these, their barbarous
Ail this they do in ...... 393
.'MI }'ou that list to look
Ahhough his gtlise ...... 39
Ahhough their bodies ... 54
And as abroad we walked
And by the happy ......... 49
And for ot|r silly women 54
And for that purpose ... 53
And here begins out ...... 52¢
And here I would be ...
And if these ruffling ...... 55
And lest, by len,gth of ... 523
And lest examptes ...... 547
And hot content ............ 53
And new, #'ar¢vell ! ... 240
And now, I ara graced...
And on the eighth of ... 47
And pluck the spreading 53
And pray thee ............ 222
And so She was ............ 239
And then bespake our... 5o
And think you hot ...... 54
And this is my eternal... 420
And though my love ... 329
And thus equlpped ...... 548
And yours, dear ............ 44
-An Englishman is ......... 535
Art» and sweet Nature ! 4o¢
ARTESIA, she must go... 4r8
As a black veil upon the 389
As for the genera[ vices 534
As frighted patients ...... 545
As if in heaven,he was... 394
A sister, yÇt l'ature ...... 40o
As Nature ruade him ... 388
As o'er the mountains... 4r4
As the mild lamb ruas... 4o 3
As we walked home ......
As you discourse them 533
At last, he calls to ......... 224
At last, he came ............ 232
At la.st» he crave.d ......... 22o

OF POEIS ,,,t.ND ST«t.NZ«tS.

PAGE
At last, the Guider ......
At last, the lady of ......
At length, ber Grace ...... 5o
At length, he grew as ... 4o8
At length, ISr, tENtO ...... 40
At length Iooked up ...... 395
At length resolved, he...
A True Born ............... 5¢5
At this. in wonder ......... 398
At this large offer .........
Away thon crept he ..... 398
Away, thou shalt hot 326
Ay me, can every ......... 326
B[AKE]WELL (the ......... 548
Beauty and Virtue ...... 39x
Beauty and Virtue are... 395
Beauty and Virtue were 418
Beauty and Wit in these 4t8
i Beauty and 2 Wit ...... 415
Bless thou, this Love ... 386
B|ood must be my ......... 419
BIot hot thy beauty ...... 193
Bold[y encouraged by...
Born to the needful ...... 548
Both fak, as eke their... 39 °
Break, break in peces... ¢35
Breathing forth sighs of 196
Bright Star of PHOEBUSl 394
BRITANNIA'S cries gave 542
But, ail in vain ............
But, b[inded as She was ¢23
But cruel She, more ...... 222
But England, modern... 528
But £r»t before his ...... 412
But GO]) A[mighty ...... 44
But grant the best ! ...... 5¢2
But if he did the subjects 538
But if the "Mutua[ ...... 539
But in this thank[ess ... 514
But now, I wi[[, thou ... 406
But now uncascd, he ... 2¢ 7
Buh pardon me ............ 238
But peace, DAIPHANTUS 405
But she is fair. and ...... 406
But sot't, here comes.t ... 4to
But speak he will ! ...... 414
But these fa[se Spaniards
But thou inexorable art 23i
But thou, my dear ......... 197
But thou wast then as... 23I
But 'ris no matter ......... 228
Jdut tush thou fool ! ... 403

By different ste/'s .........
By my OId Friend ...... 551
By the first Mddrtss ... 539
By 2eal, the Irish ; and 5ç
Calls p|ayers fools ! ...... 4o 9
Cease, Eyes, to ............ 204
Cheerful in labour ......... 534
Clothed ail in green ......
Cnsumed by ber I lire 403
Could but out ancestors 55
Cruel, behold my ...... :.. 332
Cruel to him that mertts x36
CuPl had done some.., i98
DAVrAUTUS hearing ...
DAdPHANTUS oft sighed 4oi
AIPHANTUS then ...... 4oo
Dear Love ! quoth he... 233
Dear Pity, how! ah ... 327
Did I hot love ber ......... 2o8
Did hot the Romans ... 55
)IEGO now wrapped ... 239
)IEGO wished this ...... 213
Die, helpless man ......... 329
Doth Faith and Troth... 417
)RUNKENNESS, the ...... 5z8
Dutch, Walloons ......... 523
End this enchantment... 207
England unknown as yet
Eternal Jov, rain ......... ¢37
Even as in India once... 55
Even the Gods ............ 53¢
EURIAL, her beauty... 408
EURIALE, I honour for 407
Em,L i.s like Sleep 407
EUI;:II./E, my eyes are 4r5
EURIALA/ now spake ._ 34
EURIAL)E SO shows as ... 388
EURAL, the elder ...... 388
EUl,Lai, with good ... 418
Exahed on thy Stool ... 605
Fait ivory Brow ......... 2o5
Fear hot, GVr,'EUIZA ! ... ¢30
Fie, no ! Fond love hath 4o6
FLOaA gave me fairest 33I
Fly Lovt aloft to ......... 326
Fools out of favour ...... 5I 5
For as the Scots, as ......
For fait Gv'UA ...... 2i 9
For glad he ,,vas ............

S FIRST LINES OF POEMS AND STANZAS.

For, now, no longer ......
For sooner was he not...
Fortune had crossed ...... 398
For, yet, they llved .....
France justly boast ...... 527
French cooks, Scotch ... 525
Friendship,th'abstracted 533
From thence, to ......... 420
From this amphibious... 521
Full heavy news it vas 223
Fully revived, at last ... 414
Give me my Scalop ...... 4t9
Go back to elder Times 5t6
(;ood gentle Sir ! your... 399
Great Oovernor of ......... 226
Great is their number ... 4o
Oreat Monster of the ... 6,o
Great PORTLAND, ne'er 545
GYNRURA ! let him ...... 234
GVNEURA now delights 239
GYNEURA'S mother ......
GYNEURA thls confirms
GYNEURa which desired 239
Hail ! hieroglyphlc ...... 6o5
Hearken awhile ............ 208
He dwelt in brlght ...... 54t
He Iooked ! They two... 399
He looks upon hirgeli.. 4x4
He love-% where Love... 39 I
He ruade ber first born 52o
Hec beauty peerless ! ... 389
Her cheeks were like ... 13
He read, till words ......
Hereat she paused ...... 237
Here did be end more...
Here, dry, say they ...... 235
Hece parted ail, not ...... 4x6
Hec faithful soldiers ...... 48
Her hair, like gold .....
Her hair, Night's ......... .389
Her Hair of such ......... 2ix
Her Lips like ripened ...
Hec love to him vas ......
Hec naine, in golden ...... 4o4
Her royal shlps ............ 46
Hec Vit and Eeauty ... 39 °
He swears he loves ! ...... 392
He that can count ...... 2o4
He vas a man ............ 28
He with more joy than

His breath, he thinks ... 4o9
His chin he strokes ! ... 408
His face vas fait ......... 387
Home goe ]-)IEGO ...... 22I
How have thy opening 6o6
Hunting he Ioved ......... 2xo

1 always beg, yet nevec 329
I rail, O stay me! ......... 329
1 f all o'ar former ......... 538
lfa poor Author bas ...
I feel my Iong-thought 23o
Ife'er I sigh, it shall ... 4o5
If e'er this Nation be 545
If ever that Dame ......... z 4

PAGE
If tho dldst know ...... 230
If thou didst know ......
If your mistakes ......... 533
I heard ber sing, but ......
I invocate, to grace ...... 386
know, within my ...... x95
little dreamed of this
l'Il fallow up the ......... 4o9
l'Il serve ber, as the ...... 405
I Ioved a lass ...............
In Catalonie ............... 2o9
In close intrigues ......... 529
I ne'er vas vont to use 230
In Essex fait ............... 46
INGRATITUDE, a devil of 520
lngratltude, the worst... 549
In happy hour ............ 4o
Injoln the strange-born 226
In like extremes .........
Innumerable Cty ......... 528
In out late Revolution... 55o
In pralsing ail, mnch ... 407
Inquire of ber, whose ... 233
In summer rime ............
In summer time ............ t 3
In the end, doth ............ 238
In their Religion, they... 532
In thee laments ......... 232
In these meanders ......
In Veuice fair, the city... 387
In woods, groves, hills... 4o
I sang sometimes my ... 33o
I sing that arlthem ...... 385
I sing the old World in .. 385
Istmo in humble vise
ISMENIO vas resolved...
lSMENIO» with ............ 4t7
IS«ENtO with these ......
l swear to thee ............
1 tell thee, Lovel ......... 232
I told thee, I, thou ...... 2.31

It vas but lately ......... 536
Jewels, for virtue ......... 46
Know you also ............
Lady, when I behold ... 328
Lady, your words do ... 39
Lately he wore the ...... 547
Left thus alone ............ 2 x x
Let ail that merlt ......... 6o7
Let ez,ery Son K )e ......... 544
Let others -who ........
Let those who, guihless 223
Like as a king, his ...... 4'3
Like dores .................. 13
Like heaven's artist ...... 403
Like to a falcon ............ t93
Lo, here, thou cruel ......
Long did I wish ......... 207
Long while it waq .........
Long were they not ! ... 37
Look, as a bird ............ zoo
Look, as a man late ...... 236
Look, as the crazen ......
LORD GOD Almighty 45

PAGE
Love once dissembled ...
Love plays the wanton 396
Love to a mortal is ...... 395
LUST chose the torrid ...
Many a merry meeting
Melts hot thy heart .... 235
Mirror of Beauty ! ...... 9
1Modest and humble ...... 388
Most like a lion raised... 4or
My cousin ZSA, of ...... 55 °
Mygood DAIPUANTUS ! 395
]ly heart and ears ...... 4x 3
2IIy Hera, with the ...... 543
My life's presetwer ! ...... 2ox
]I y Orisous are still ...... 4o5
My predecessor JuDas 55o
My woes--" ïhere ......
Nature had tried her ... o9
Nature that ruade them 39 °
Navies prepared to ...... 609
Ne'er did the dungeon
Ne'er had the world a... 226
Next bring some ......... 6t2
No man was evec yet ... 540
Nor tan this Right be... 54o
Nor do the poor alone... 53 °
No riches now can raise
Nor shall my Verse ...... 534
No sooner leaves ......... x97
Not distant far, within... 397
Not far from Venice ...... 388
Now, ail were silent ...... 4or
Now he that laughed ... 391
Now is he gone who ...... 216
Now kneeIs to VENUS... 402
Now to the humble ...... 392
Now were theycome ... 212
Now with his tingers ... 4o8
O adamantlc-minded ... 234
O but VITULLIA, what .v 4O 7
O ce.ase, quoth She ...... 236
O cruel stars ............... 229
O eyes ! no eyes ......... 4oo
O fait GYNEURA ! ......... 239
Ofjoysand pleasing ... 33x
O fools ! can you hOt ... 3"2-7
O heavens! what ......... 2z3
O, I would wear her ... 4o3
O Ladles fair ............... 54
O let him now the ......... 234
O let my peu relate ...... 397
O look, fait Love ! ...... 228
O my VITL;LLIA .t Let... 4o4,
O Nature ! chiefest ...... 23
One month consumed ...
On every neighbour tree
One sort of whips ......... 53
O Noble England ........ 39
O no, DAIPHANTUS ! ... 404
O shall 1 tell thee ....... 234
O sing a song, parted ... 4xo
O slack thy swift-pace.d 237
O, speak hot of my para 238
O then, 1'11 dy ! ............ 4xo

FIRST LINV. S OF Pov.ts AND STANZAS. 9

PAGE
Our pleoE«ant country ... 43
Out wenlth and riches... 43
Pocts, long since ......... 53x
Poor tortured loyer ! ..... 392
Posterity will be ......... 576
PruDE, the £rst Peer ... 518
Repentant sorrow would 236
Revived by this ............ 396
Rough storms have ...... 2o2
Sacrcd PYMPL)EIDES ... 237
Satyr, be kiudl and ...... 5o
Satyr, be silent ! ......... 542
Satyr, return fo our ...... 545
Scarce were his horses... 215
SCSOMBERG, the ablest 546
Search, Satyr ! search ! 516
She could have Ioved ... 399
She gone, URArI^ ...... 394
She is a rose, the fairer 4o6
She is but a Lady ! ...... 4o7
.She, like a frantic ......... al 9
She, like the morning ... 4oo
She, pitiless, sends ...... 223
She read and pitied ...... 399
She, when She heard ... 222
She would hOt hear him 2o
Sisters these two are ... 39o
"So, here !" quoth he... 225
So long lived poor ......... 229
Some book-learued fools 575
Some other rimes ......... 225
Some think, of England 527
Somethink theClergy... 531
Some think tlzemsel¢,es 320
Sometimes, the air of ... 606
Sometimes when as he... 225
Soon as the azure ......... 9 o
Soon as the sun had left 21o
So when the clear ......... 23
Speak, Satyr ! For ...... 55
Speechless thus stands 394
Statesmen, theirweighty 53x
Straight, like a ............ 235
Sucn hap it was ............ 219

Surly to strangers ......... 532
Sweet Lady! know the 416
Sweet Love ; behold ... 23o
Sweet LovE, if thon ...... 33 x
Sweet Memory ! Souls 386
Swit-footed Time ......... x9o
Tell thera, Hestands ... 6x 7
Tell them, It was ......... 616
Tell them that, This ...... 6x 7
Tell them, The mien] ... 617
"l"hat so, the Gordian ...... 225
That wide-mouthed ...... 229
The birds came chirping 4x3
The Breed's described...
The Bulwarksstrong ... 47
The chiefest Captain ... 42
The Civil Wars, the ..... 5=
The Country Poor do ... 53 °
TIre Fa»te of Virtue "/fs 542
The first Iutent of Laws 615

PAGE
The gloomy crtalns ...
The good Queen ......... 55
The I'eat invading ......
The neaven's herald ... o3
Thelr Governors, they... 535
Their Liberty and ......... 535
The King commanded...
The Labouring Poor ...... 53o
The Ladies ail, who late 411
The Ladies jegt ! ......... 393
The last so sweet .........
The little Archer ......... 191
The Lord General of the 4
The Iove-hurt heart ......
The martyrs of the ......
The meanest English ... 535
The messenger to .........
Then bring those .........
Then came the Queen... 49
Then C:Lsting up ber ...... 48
Then clap thy wooden 6to
T/wn, dearcst Loz,t I ... 240
Then did out Navy ......
Then 'gan ARTS*^ ...... 412
Then heavily, and with
Then if Good Nature ... 533
Then I, like a Spirit ...... 4,o
Then let us boast of ...... 552
Then lifts he up his eyes 393
Tlwn see/b »10 t]tac. ..... 543
"i_'hen straddling goes ... 4o8
Then to recruit the ...... 525
"]'hen, when thou hast ... 233
Then with his look ...... 393
'l'he offspring of this ...... 523
ïh¢ Pagan World ......... 5x 9
The Rabbis say, it would 537
There sat a man of ...... 612
The test, by Deputies... 5x9
The Reverend Clergy... 536
The Reverend Fathers... 537
There would the famed 6o7
The Romans first ......... 52I
Thèse are tl'.e heroes ...... 522
Tl.cse do hot harm ..... 397
Thege Dryades ...........
These dumb ambassad ot' 212

These holy men ........... 52
These Iovers, thus in ......
The Sergeant Trumpet 49
Thesetwo, two sisters... 39 °
These, whilst they lived 24o
The strongest pine ...... 199
The sun-scorched ........
The valiant Captains ... 5o
The valiant Greeks ...... 214
The Vigo men should ... 6o9
The warlike army ......... 5o
The western Angles ...... 56
The wonder which ...... 526
Theygone, DApATt'S 402
They hold this but his.. 393
They look upon ............ 412
They say "they seek ... 52
They that, in vast ......... 6i 4
They who let Por'e .. 608
Thinking, indeed, She...
Thiuking to close ......... zo6

Thls Doctrine bas the... 54o
This doue, the soldiers
This great Galleazza ... 4
This grieved him much 416
This Lady w»s no ......... 398
This Iovesome youth ... 209
This mighty vessel ...... 42
Thissaid, he paused ... 4o0
"!'his was a sight, whose 413
This young-yeared ...... 229
Those Nimshites, who ...
"Thou art but young !" 332
Thou art no Shame ...... 606
Thou Bugbear of the ...
Thou ever-memorable... 227
Thou hast the fhirest ... 228
Thou, like the Devil ...
Thou (like the fair-faced
Thon, musical AI'OLLO 226
Thou Speaking ............ 614
"l_'hus ail things in their 550
Thus England cried ...... 54
Thus from a mixture ... 525
Thas, in these speechcs
Thus ig the good ......... 392
Thus lay DINGO ......... 2I 4
Thus Iny they, sleepless 2I 4
Thus Love commands 329
Thus ruade by Nature... 387
Thus my first benefactor 549
Thus of themselves ...... 238
Thus ravished, then ...... 4o2
Thus saith my CLosts... 328
Thus spake ................. 395
'l'hus they adjured him 4x2
Thus thinks he, of the... 39 x
Thus through the Camp 48
"]'hus to the first I and 2 45
Thus 'twas, I)IEGO
'Tis strange, that Maids 220
Tis well that Virtue ...... 527
'Tis worth observing ...... 545
To dote on him ............
To maidens' vows and.., x4
Too Ion« it were, to ...... 236
To this %lack place ...... 35
To 2 Wit and i Beauty 41;
'Twas hard I that he ...... 220
'Twas I, that pald ....... :. I4
"Twas quickly read ...... 222
'Twas time to end ! ......
'Twere infinite, to tell ... 238
Two days he stayed ......
Two days were spent in
Ungoverned P.q.or ... 5i 9
Unkind ! O stay thy ... 330
Upon his knees, O ...... 4o
Upon the left side of ... 389
Upon thy Penitential ... 609
Upon thy Pulpit, set 6il
UBArqA next. O that... 389
URAtA now bethought 416
Vice, llke iii-nature ...... 552
Virgin's pure chasteness 4o4
VITULLIA fair, ytt ......... 4oz
VI'/'ULLIA i$ the bua ...... 4o6

IO FIRST LINES OF POEMS AND STANZAS.

PAGE
Weary wlth servng ...... 203
V¢e blame the K[ing] ... 546
Weep, O mine eyes ...... 327
V,'e virgins know ths ... 396
,Zhat are thy terrors?... 6x6
What needeth ail this ... 327
What need of Satyr ......
What printed books ...... 56
What She can be so ...... x94
/hat sugared terres ......
When allthese heroes... 6x 3
When broad-faced ......... iç6
Whenever then thou ...
When first the feathered
When FLOa^ vaumsher x94
When Kings, the sword 538
When leaden-hearted ...
When LOVE had fir»t ...
When Night returns ... x99
When shall my ............ 33 t
When she as far as ...... 47
When sighs, sait tears...
When some stone wouhl 226

PAGE
Whereat inflamed .........
Whe÷eat, the very stone
XVhere being corne ......... 224
Where being corne ......
"*Vhere being corne .....
Where she was feasted
Where seek we Virtue... 397
Wherever GOD erects... 5 7
Wherewith, he calls ......
Wherewith she invocmes
Which done, as ail good 6
Which medley cantoned 56
Who calls me forth ...... 409
Who first seeks mercy... 396
Who gains by travel .....
Who shall this ............
Whose was the tongue...
XVho studies Arts a]ike 4x 7
Why dost thou shoot ... 332
Why have hot these ...... 6o8
Why should a Maiden's 206
Why was 1 nmde ......... 395
WlLLIAM, the great ...... 536

PAGR
With clouted iron shoes 548
With courage good ...... 3t
With heart ................. 3 x
With hey and ho
Within the year of ...... 46
With maces of clean ...... 49
With that, de,ire .........
With that, Dm6o ......... 233
With that, he sees a rock 4
With this, he seek$ a ... 227
With this incensed ......
With them, let ail ......... 6o8
"¢fomen than Men are ... 397
"tVonder hot, mortals ... 4or
Word back again .........
Wronged DaEGO .........
]'e Hea«,ens, reKard !...
Ye Heavens, regard ! ...
Ye restless thoughts ......
Yes, tell the Earth ...... 409
Yet needs I must .........
Yet» noble Sir ! I came 399

VOL. VII.

I /oved a /ass, a fait oe !

lA Descrittion of Love.
LOVED a lass, a fair one !
As fair as e'er vas seen :
She was, indeed, a rare one,
Another Sheba's Queen !
But (fool as then I was)
I thought She loved me too!
But now, alas, She has left me.
Falero ! lero ! loo !

I LOVED A LASS» A FAIR ONE!

Her hair, like gold, did glister.
Each eye was like a star.
She did surpass her sister,
Which passed ail others, far!
She would me " Honey !" call :
She'd, O She'd kiss me, too!
But now, alas, She has left me.
Falcro ! lero ! loo !

In summer time, to Medley
My Love and I would go;
The boatmen there, stood ready
My Loe and I to roxv.
For cream, there, vould xve call !
For cakes ! and for prunes too !
But now, Mas, She bas left me.
Falcro ! lcro ! loo !

Many a merry meeting
My Love and I have had.
She xvas " my only Sweeting! "
She made my heart full glad.
The tears stood in her eyes
Like to the morning dew ;
But noxv, alas, She bas left me.
Fa l«ro ! lcro ! loo !

And as abroad xve walkèd
(As lovers' fashion is),
Oft we sweetly talkèd !
The sun should steal a kiss!
The wind, upon ber lips,
Likewise, most sweetly blew!
But now, alas, She bas left me.
Falero ! lero ! loo !

',,6. I LOVED A LASS, A FAIR ONE! 1 3

Her cheeks xvere like the cherry ;
Her skin, as xvhite as snoxv :
When She was blithe and merry»
She angel-like did shew.
Her waist exceeding small.
The "rives" did fit ber shoe.
But now, alas, She has left me.
Falero .t lero ! loo .t

In summer time, or xvinter ;
She had her heart's desire !
I still did scorn to stint her
From sugar, sack, or tire !
The world went round about ;
No cares we ever knew!
But now, alas, She has left lne.
Falcro ! lero .t loo !

As xve walked home together,
Af midnight, through the town ;
To keep axvay the weather,
O'er her, I'd cast my govn !
No cold, my Love should feel,
Whate'er the heavens could do !
But now, alas, She has left me.
Falero .t lero ! loo !

Like doves, xve xvould be billing !
And clip and kiss so fast !
Yet She would be unwilling
That I should kiss the last.
They're JuI)AS kisses noxv!
Since that they proved untrue.
For now, alas, She has left me.
Falero ! lcro ! loo !

14 I LOVED A LASS, A FAIR ONE! t ,5.9-

To maidens' vows and swearing ;
Henceforth, no credit give !
You may give them the hearing;
But never them believe !
They are as False as Fair!
Unconstant ! Frail ! Untrue !
For mine, alas, bas left me.
Falcro ! lcro ! loo !

'Twas I, that paid for all things!
'Twas others drank the wine !
I cannot, now, recall things ;
Live but a fool, to pine!
'Twas I that beat the bush ;
The bird, to others flew !
For She, alas, bath left me.
Falero ! lero ! loo .t

If ever that Dame NATURE
(For this false lover's sake),
Another pleasing creature
Like unto ber, would make ;
Let ber remember this,
To make the other tme!
For this, Mas, bath left me.
Falcro ! lero ! loo !

No riches now can raise me,
No want makes me despair,
No misery amaze me,
Nor yet for want, I care :
I have lost a World itself !
My earthly heaven, adieu !
Since She, alas, hath left me.
Falero ! lero ! loo !

Kemp's nine days' wonder.

Performed In a dance from

London to Norxvich.

Containing the Pl«asur«, Pains, amt khd Ent«rtainment
of .:ILLIA.M KE1VI, P, between London and that city,
in his late Motrice.

Wherein is somewhat set down worth note, to
p:ove the slanders spread of him ; many things merry,
nothing hurtful.

le-

Ilrritten by himself, to satisfy his friends.

LONDON:

Printed by E. A. for NICHOLAS LING, and are to be
sold at his shop, at the \\Test Door of Saint
Paul's Church. i 6 o o .

To the true ennobled Lady, and his nost
bountiful Mistress, Mistress A N N E
F TTON, MaidofHonourto
the most sacred Maid Royal,
Qeen EL z,x n rT H.
HONOURABLE MI STRES%
N THE wane of my little wit, I ara fol'ced to desire
your pl'otection; clse eve'y ballad singer will
proclaim me bankrupt ofhonesty ! A sort of mad
fellows, seeing me merrily disposed in a Motrice,
have so bepainted me in print, since my gambols began from
London to Nol-wich, that (having but an iii face before) I shall
appear to the world without a face, if your fair hand wlpe
not away their foul colours.
One hath written Kem's firewell, to the tune of Kery,
mer3,, buffe ; another, his deserate dangers in his laie travail ;
the third, his entcrtainment fo Newmarket, which town I came
never near, by the length of half the heath. Some swear in
a trenchmore, I have trod a good way to win the world ; others
that guess righter, affirm, "I have vithout good help, danced
myself out of the world ! " Many say many things that were
never thought.
But, in a word, yotr poor Servant offers the truth of his
Progress and profit, to your honourable view! receive it, I
beseech you ! such as it is, rude and plain : for I know your
,WG. G.fR. VlI. 2

[ W. Kernp.
18 T II E ' P I S T L E D E I) I C A T O R Y. [_April 6oo.
pure judgement looks as soon to see beauty in a blackamoor,
or hear smooth specch from a stammerer, as to find anything
but blunt mirth in a Motrice dancer! especially such a one
as WILL. I{.EMP, that hath spent his lire in mad jigs and
merry jests.
Three reasons move me to make public this journey. One,
to reprove lying fools I never knew. The other, to commend
loving fl'iends, which, by the way, I daily found. The third,
4o show my duty to your honourable self. Whose favours,
anaong other bountiful fl'iends, make me, despite of this sad
world, judge my heart Cork, and my heels Feathers: so that,
methinks, I could fly to Rome (at least, hop fo Ronle, as the
<31d proverb is) vith a mortar on my head.
In which light conceit, I lowly beg pardon and leave : for
my tabouret strikes his H.nt's ..h .t I must to Norwich !
Imagine, noble Mistress ! I ana now setting flore my Lord
Mayor's ! the hour, about seven ! the morning, gloomy ! the
company, many ! my heart, merry !
Your worthy Ladyship's
I, Iost unworthy servant,
\VIL LIAM KEMP.

I(Æ ç's iîe daffs' woîcler.
Performed in a Morrice from
London to N orwich.

Wherein every day's journey is pleasantly
set down, to satisfy his friends [as toi
the truth; against all lying ballad.
makers: what he did, how
he was welcome, and by
whom entertained.

The Fil'st Day's journey, being the first Monday
ils clcan Lcnt ; from the Right Honourable
the Lord Mayor's, of London.

FIE first lXlonday in Lent [Fcb. II, 16oo],
the close morning promising a clear day ;
attended on by THolt^s SL';E, my Tabourer;
WILLI^It BEE, my servant ; and GEORE
SIAT appointed for my Overseer, that I
should take no other ease, but my pre-
cribed order: myself, that's I (otherwise
called Cavaliero KEIt, Head Master of

hlorrice dancers, High Headborough of heighs, and only
tricker of your Trill-lilles, and best bell-shangles, Sioo,
]3rainford
between Sion and hlount Surrey) began frolicly to
foot it, from the Right Honourable the Lord s or,,«c.
lXiayor's, of London, towards the Right \Vorshipful and truly
bountiful Master Mayor's at Norwich.
lXly setting forward was somewhat before seven in the
morning, my Tabourer struck up merrily, and as fast as kind
people thronging together would give me leave, through
London, I leapt !

20 TIIROUGIt WIIITECIIAI'EL AND STRATFORD. l-w Kempo
/April x6oo.

By the way, many good old people, and divers others of
younger years, of mere kindness, give me bowed [bent] six-
pences and groats; blessing me with their hearty prayers
and " God speeds!"
Being past Whitechapel, and having left fait London,
with all that north-east suburb belote named, multitudes of
Londoners left not me! but either to keep a custom that
many hold, that " Mlle End is no walk, without a recreation
at Stratford [at] Bow, with cream and cakes," or else for love
they bear tmvards me, or perhaps to make themselves merry
if I should chance, as many thought, to give over my
Morrice within a mlle of Mile End.
However, many a thousand brougbt me to Boxv; xvhere I
rested a while from dancing : but had small rest with those,
that would have urged me to drinking. But, I warrant 3"ou !
VILL. KEMP was wise enough ! To their full cups, "kind
thanks ! " was my return ; with gentlemanlike protestations,
as " Truly, Sir, I date not ! It stands hot with the congruity
of my health ! "
" Congruity," said I ! but hmv came that çtrange language
in my mouth ? I think scarcely that it s any Christian
word: and 3et it may be a good word, for ought I know ;
though I never ruade it, nor do very well understand it!
Yet I ara sure, I have bought it at the wordmongers, at as
dear a rate as I could have had a whole hundred of bavins
{logs] from the woodmongers.
Farewell " Congruity ! " for I mean now to be more con-
cise, and stand upon evener bases ! but I must neither stand
nor sit, the Tabourer strikes alarum. " Tickle it, good To,xt !
l'll follow thee ! Farewell Bow ! Have over the Bridge,
where, I heard say, ' Honest Conscience was once drowned."
It is pity if it were so ! but that is no matter belonging to
out" Motrice ; let us now along to Stratford Langton !"
Many good fellows being there met, and knowing how well
I loved the sport, had prepared a Bear baiting: but so
unreaonable were the multitudes of people, that I could
cnly hear tbe bear roar and the dogs howl.
a ,t vo«, Therefore forward I went,with my hey de gaies [hey-
:t llfor«, dcgivcs] to Ilford,where I again rested; and was by-
ht lding "above
quart. the people of tbe town and country thereabouts,
very well welcomed : being offered carouses in the great spoen,.

"W. Kemp.-] Tmouei xOMFORD TO BURNT WOOD.
April 16oo._J

çne whole draught [of it] being able at that time to havc
.drawn my little wit dry; but being afraid of the old proverb,
He had need of a long spoo» that eats with the Devil, I soberly
gave my boon companions the slip.
From Ilford, by moonshine, I set forward, dancing within
a quarter of a mlle of Romford : where in the highway, two
strong jades, having belike some quarrel to me unknown,
were beating and biting of each other; and such, through
OD's belp, was my good hap that I escaped their hoofs,
both being raised with their forefeet above my head, like two
smiths over one anvil.
There, being an end of my First Day's Motrice, a kind
gentleman of London [a]ligbting from lais horse, would have
no " Nay ! " but I should leap into lais saddle. To be plain
with ye ! I was hot proud ; but took kindly his kindlier offer,
chiefly thereto urged by my weariness. So I rode to my inn
af Romford.
In that town, to give test to my well laboured limbs, I
continued two days: being much beholden fo the towns-
men for their love; but more to the Londoners, that came
hourly thither in great numbers, to visit me, offering much
more kindness than I was willing to accept.

The Second Day's journey, behg Thursday of gke First week.

==IHuISt)AY [Feb. 14, 16oo], being market day af Burnt
l[ Wood, To1 SL'E xvas earlier up than the lark, and
iJ_[ sounded merrily the Morrice. I roused mvself, and
--"---' returned from Romford to the place whêre I took
horse the first night; dancing that quarter of a toile back
gain, through Romford, and so merrily to Burnt Wood.
Yet now I remember it well, I had no great cause of
mirth ! For at Romford town's end, I strained my hip ; and,
for a rime, endured exceeding pain: but being loth to
trouble a surgeon, I held on, finding remedy by labour that
had hurt me. For if came in a turn; and so, in my dance,
i turned it out of my service again.
The multitudes vere so great, af my coming fo Burnt
Wood, that I had much ado (though I taï, de many entreaties
and st,qys) to get passage to my inn.

2 THROUGtI INGERSTONE TO CHELMSFORD. [W. Kemp.-
LApril at6oo.

In this town, two cut-purses [pickpockefs] vere taken,
that with other two of their companions followed me from
London; as many better disposed people did. But these
tvo dy-doppers gave out, vhen they were apprehended,
that "they had laid wagers, and betted about my journey."
Whereupon the Officers bringing them to my inn, I justly
denied their acquaintance ; saving that " I remembered one
of them to be a noted cut-purse:" such a one as ve rie to
a post on our Stage, for all people to vonder at; when at
a Play, they are taken pilfering.
This fcllow and his half-brother being round with the decd,
were sent to gaol : their other two consorts had the charity
of the town ! and, after a dance of Trenchmore at the whipping
cross, they were sent back to London; where, I ana afraid,
there are too many of their occupation. To be short, I
thought myself well rid of four such followers ; and I wisl
heartily, that the whole world were clear of such companions !
Having rested well at Burnt Wood, the moon shining
clearly and the weather being calm, in the evening, I tripped
it to Ingerstone; stealing avay from those numbers of
people that followed me: yet, do what I could, I had above
fifty in the company, some of London, the others of th
country thereabouts ; that would needs, when they heard my-
taber, trudge after me through thick and rhin.

The Third Day's journey, being Friday of the First week.

N FIIDAY morning [Feb. 15, 16oo], I set forwarcI
towards Chelmsford, hOt having past two hundred ;
being the least company that l'had in the day time
between London and that place.
Onward I went, thus easily followed, till I came to \Vit-
ford Bridge : xvhere a number of country [counfy] gentlemet
and gentlewomen were gathered together to see me. Sir
TIaOMAS IhLIMAY standing at his park pale [13alings], received
gently a pair of garters of me : gloves, points, and garters
being my ordinary merchandise, that I put to venture for
performance of my merry voyage.
So much ado I had to pass by the people at Chehnsford,
that it was more than an hour cre I could recover my in,_I

W. Kemp."] TtIE STATE OF ELIZABETIIAN IIIGIIWAYS. 2 3
Apri116oo...]

gate; where I xvas fain to lock myself in my chamber, and
pacify them with words out of a window instead of deeds.
ïo deal plainly, I was so weary that I could dance no more.
The next morning, I footed it three toiles of my xvay
towards Braintree : but returned back again to Chelmsford ;
xvhele I lay that Saturday and the next Sunday.
The good cheer and kind welcome I had at Chelmsford
was much more than I was willing to enteltain : for my only
desire was to refrain from drink, and [toi be temperate in my
diet.
At Chelmsford, a maid not passing foul'teen years of age,
dwelling xvith one SUDLEY my kind friend, ruade request to
her Master and Dame, that she might dance the Morrice xvith
me, in a great large room. They being intreated, I was
soon won to fit her with bells; besides [which], she would
have the old fashion, with napkin on [each of.'. her arms: and
to our jumps, we fell !
A whole hour, she held out ! but then, being ready to lie
down, I leff her off: but thus much in her praise, I would
have challenged the strongest man iii Chelmsford ; and
anaongst many, I think few would have done so much.

The Fourth Day's journey, bdng Monday of fhe Second

N [OlqDAY morning [Feb. I8], very early, I rode the
t three toiles I danced the Saturday before; vhere,
I alighting, my Tabourer struck up, and lightly I
tripped forward : but I had the heaviest way [road]
that ever mad Morrice dancer trod : yet
With hey and ho ! through thick and thin ;
The hobby horse quite forgotten,
I folloved as I did bcgin !
Although the way were rotten.
This foui way I could find no ease in, thick voods being on
either side the lane ; the lane likewise being full of d.cep holes,
sometimes I skipped up to the waist! But if s an old
proverb, that it is a lillle comfort fo the miserable, to have com-
lanions: and amidst this miry way, I had some mirth, by an
unlooked for accident.

ee4TrOUGU IRAINTREE TO SUDBURY. [w" Kemp
[.p, prl 6oo.

It vas the custom of honest country fellovs, my unknovn
fiiends, upon hearing of Iny pipe (which might vell be heard,
in a still Inorning or evening, a mile), to get up and bear me
company a little way.
In this foul way, tvo pretty plain youths watched Ine ; and
with their kindness somewhat hindered Ine. One, a fine
iight fellow, vould be still before Ine ; the other, ever at Iny
heels !
At length, coming to a broad plash of vater and Inud,
which could hot be avoided ; I fetched a fise, 3et fell in over
the ankles at the further end. My youth that followed me,
took his jump, and stuck fast in the Inidst, crying out to his
companio, " Corne, GEORGE! call ye this dancing! Fil go
no further!" for, indeed, he could go no further, till his
fellow vas fain to vade and help hiin out. I could not
choose but laugh, to see hov, like two frog, s, they laboured !
A hearty farcwell, I gave them! And they faintly bade
"God speed me!" sayingif I danced that dirty vay, this
seven years' again, they vould never dance after Ine !
\Vell, vith much ado, I got unto Braintree, by noon, and
tarried there Monday night and the next day; only I danced
three Iniles on Tuesday, to ease In 3" \Vednesday's journey.
If I should deny that I was welcome at F, raintree, I should
slander an honest crew of kind men; ainong whom, I fared
well, slept well, and was every ;'ay well used.

The Fiflh Day's journ.ey, being Wednesday of the Secod week.

AKING advantage of my three Iniles that I had danced
[ the day before ; this \Vednesday morning [F¢b. 2o], I
] tripped it to Sudbury; whither caine to see me, a
very kind Gentleinan, Master FosltW, that had, be-
fore, travelled afoot froin London to Berwick : who, giving me
good counsel to observe temperate diet for my health, and
other advice to be careful of my company, besides his liberal
entertaininent, departed; leaving me Inuch indebted to his
love.
In this town of Sudbury, there came a lusty rail fellov, a
butcher by lais profcssion, that would, in a l\Iorrice, keep me
company to 13ury. I being glad of lais friendly offer, gave

W. Kemp."] 1DOEII ON K EMP'S 1'[.1I.i) A'.IRI.42V. 2 5
April *6oo._l

him thanks: and forxvard we did set ! But ere ever we had
measured half a mlle of out way, ho gave me over in the plain
field: protesting that "if ho might get a hundred pounds,
ho would hot hold out with me!" For, indied, my pace in
dancing is hot ordinary.
As ho and I were parting, a lusty country lass being among
the people, called him " l"aint-hearted lout !" saying, " If I
had begun to dance, I would have held out one mlle, though
it had cost my life !"
At which words, many laughed.
" Nay," saith she, " if the Dancer will lend me a leash of
his bçlls, l'Il vçnturç to trçad one mlle with him, myself !"
I looked upon ber, saxv mirth in her eyes, heard boldness
in ber words, and beheld her ready to tuck up her russet
petticoat. I fitted her with bells, xvhich she, merrily taking,
garnishid hir thick short legs: and with a smooth brow,
bade the Tabouret begin.
The drum struck, forward match I, vith my merry Maid
MARIAN: who shook her fat sides, and footed it merrily to
Melford ; being a long toile.
There parting with ber, I gave her, besides ber skin full
of drink, an English crown to buy more drink: for, good
wench ! she vas in a piteous heat !
My kindness she requited with dropping some dozen
of short courtsies [curtsies], and bidding " GOD bless the
Dancer !"
I bad ber " Adieu l" and to give ber ber due, she had a
good ear, danced truly: and we parted friçndly.
But ere I part with her, a good fellow, my friend, having.
writ an odd rhyme of her, I will set it doxvn.

A country lass (brown as a berry,
I31ithe of blee, in beart as merry ;
Cheeks well fed, and sides well larded ;
Ewry bone, with fat flesh guarded)
Meeting merry KEMP by chance,
\Vas MARIAN in his Morrice dance.
Her stump legs, with bells were garnished :
Her brown brows, with sweating varnished ;
Her brown hips, when she was lag,
To win her ground, went swig-a-swag:

26 THROUGH CLARE TO BUR¥ S'". EDMUNDS. Vw. K«.,V-
[_April 6oo.

Which to sec, all that came after
Were replete with mirthful laughter.
Yet she thumped it on ber way
\Vith a sportly hcy de gay !
At a toile, her dance she ended ;
Kindly paid, and well commended.

At Melford, divers Gentlemen met me, who brought me to
one Master COLTS, a very kind and worshipful Gentleman :
where I had unexpected entertainment till the Saturday.
From whose house, having hope somewhat to amend my
way to Bury, I determined to go by Clare: but I round it
both further and fouler.

The Sixth Day's journo, , bcing Saturday of thc Sccond weck.

RoM \Vednesday night till Saturday, having been
] troublesome, but much more welcome to Master
I COLTS; in the morning [Fcb. 23], I took my leave, and
was accompanied with many Gentlemen, a toile ofmy
wav. \Vhich toile, Master COLTS'S Fool would needs dance
wi(h me, and had lais desire; where leaving me, two fools
parted fair in a foul way : I keeping on my course to Clare,
where I a while rested ; and then cheerfully set forward to
Bury [St. Edmunds].
Passing ff'oto Clare, towards Bury, I was invited to the
house of a ver 3" bountiful widow, whose husband, during his
lire, was a yeoman of that country [county], dying rich, no
doubt ! as might well appear by the riches and plenty that
abounded in every corner of the house. She is called the
\Vidow EVERET.
At her house were met above thirty Gentlemen. Such,
and so plentiful variety of good rare, I have very seldom seen
in any Commoner's house. Her behaviour being ver 3- modest
and friendly, argued her bringing up not to be rude. She
was a woman of good presence ; and, if a Fool may judge ! of
no small discretion.
From this widow's, I danced to Bury; coming in on
the Saturday, in the affernoon: at what time, the Right
Honourable [Sir OHN POPHAM Kt.] the Lord Chief Justice

W. Kemp.-]avril6o_l TIIROUGII TIIETFORD TO P.OCKLAND. 27

entered at another gate of the town. The wondering and
regardless multitude maldng lais Honour clear way, left theî
streets xvhere he passed, to gape at me : the throng of them
being so great, that poor \VILL. KEMP was seven rimes.
stayed, ere he could recover his inn.
By reason of the Kreat snoxv that then fell, I stayed at
Bul T from Saturday in the Second week of my setting forth,
till Thursday night, the next week following.

The Seventh Day's journcy, bcing Friday of the Third week.

PON Fridav morning [Feb. 29] I set on towards Tbet-
ford, dancing tbat ten mlles in three hours : fol" I left
Bury somewhat after seven in tbe morning, and
xvas at Thetford somevbat after ten that same-
forenoon.
But, indeed, considering how I had been booted
buskins covered wilh mire] before, and that ail this way, or
the most of it, was overa heath ; it was no great wonder. For
I fared like one that had escaped the stocks, and tried tbe.
use of his legs to outrun the Constable ; so light were my
heels, that I counted the ten toiles no better than a leap.
At my entrance into Thetford, the people came in great
numbers to see me: for there vele many there, it being
bkssize time.
The noble Gentleman, Sir EDWIN RICH, gave me enter-
tainment in such bountiful and liberal sort during my con-
tinuance there Saturday and Sunday, that I want fit words
to express the least part of his worthy usage of my unwortbi-
ness: and to conclude liberally, as he had begun and con-
tinued; at my departure on Monday, his Worship gave me
rive pounds [=£2 5 now].

The Eighth Day's journey, bcing Mo»day of the Fourth wcek.
N MONDA; morning [3[arch 3] I danced to Rockland
[ ere I rested : and coming to my inn, where the host
] was a verv boon companion, I desired to see him :
but in no" case, he would be spoken witb, till he
had shifted himself from his working days' suit.

Çw. Kemp.
28 13OE.M ON ïIIE LIAD ItOST oF ]ïOCKLAND. LAprill6OO.

13eing armed at all points, from the cap to the foot, lais black
shoes shining and made straight with copper buckles of the
best, lais garters in the fashion, and every garment fitting
corrcmsqnandam, to use his own word; he enters tbe hall,
with lais bonnet in lais hand, and began to cry out, "0
KEMP! dear Master I,[EMP[ You are even as welcome as,
as, as," and so stammerinff he began fo study for a fit
comFarison (and I thank him, at ]ast be fitted me!) fol',
saitb he, "tbou art even as welcome as the Queen's best
greyhound !"
After this dogged yet wcll-meaning salutation, the carouses
were called in ; and my friendly bost of Rockland began with,
"Ail this [ " blessing the bour upon lais knees, that " any of
the Queen's Majcsty's well-willers or fiiends would vouchsafe
to come witbin his house! " as if never any such had been
vithin lais doors belote.
I took lais good meaning, and gave him great thanks for
lais kindness.
And having rested me well, I began to take my course for
Hingbam, whither my honest host of Rockland would needs
bi my guide : but, good true fat-belly ! he had hot follmved
me txvo fields, but he lay along and cried after me, to corne
back and speak with hirn.
I fulfilled lais request, and coming to him, " Dancer
quoth he, "if thou dance, a God's naine[ GOD speed thee!
I cannot follow tbee a foot further
GOD speed thee, iftbou dance a God's name !"
I having haste of my way, and he being able to keep no
way, we parted. Farewell, he ! He xvas a kind good fellow,
a true Troyan! and [if] it ever be my luck to meet him at
more leisure, l'Il make him full amends with a cupful of
Canary.
But now I ana a little better advised, we must hot thus lct
my mad host pass ! For my friend, late lnentioned before,
tbat ruade the odd rhyme on my Maid llAa, would needs
remember my Host ! Such as it is, I'll bluntly set down

He was a man not over spare,
In his eyeballs dwelt no care :
"Anon, anon !" and "Welcome, friend [ "
\Vere the most words he used to spend.

W.
Aprildoe.J Fp, O,XI IOCKL«'ND TO HINGII.'.M. 2 9

Save, sometimes, he xvould sit and tell
What wonders once iii Bouloglle fell [
Closing each period of his tale,
\Vith a full cup of nutbrown aie.
Tourwin and Tournay's sieges xvere hot,
Yet all my host remembers hot.
K-ra-'s Field and Musselborough fray
\Vere battles fought but yesterday.
"0 'twas a goodly marrer then
To see your sword and buckler men !
There xvould lie here [ and here ! and there !
But I would meet them ever3"xvhere.
And noxv a man is but a prick.
A boy armed with a poating stick
Will date to challenge Cutting I)ICK.
0 'tis a world ! the world to sce ;
But 'twill hot mend for thee or me! "
By this, some guest cries, "Ho! the house ! "
A fresh fiiend bath a fiesh carouset
Still he will drink, and stilI be drv:
And quaff with everv company.
Saint M.ua'1N send-him merrv mates
To enter at his hostree [hostclî'y] gates !
For a blither lad than he
Cannot an Innkeeper be.

Well, once again, farewell, my host at Rockland
After ail these farewells, I ana sure, to Hingham I found
foui xvay; as before I had done rioto Thetford to Rockland.
Yet, besides the deep xvay, I was much hindered by the
desire people had to see me.
For even as our shopkeepers will haul, and pull a man,
with, " Lack ye ! \Vhat do you lack, Gentlemen ?" " My
ware is best!" cries one. " Mine the best in England! "
says another. "Here, you shall have chcice!" saith the
third: so were the divers voices of the young men and
maidens which I should meet at every mile's end; thronging
hy twenty, and sometimes forty, yea, hundreds in a company.
One cried " the fairest way was through their village!"
another, "This is the nearest and fairest way, when you bave
passed but a toile and a hall ! " another sort c:3", " Turn

ÇW'. Kemp.
.30 BY BARFORD BRIDGE T O N ORWICH. LApri,,6oo.

the left hand ! " some " on the right hand !" that I xvas so
amazed, I knew hot sometimes which way I might hest take
but haphazard, the people still accompanying me, whereat I
vas much comforted, though the ways were bad. But, as I
said before, at last I overtook it.

The Nilzth Day's jozmzey, being lVedncsday of the Fom'th wcck.

]HE next morning [3larch 5- I left Hingham, not stay-
/ ing till I came to Bal-fold Bridge, rive young men
"ï] [l running all the way with me; for otherwise my
."-1" pace was not for footmen.
From Barford Bridge, I danced to Norwich [eight milesL
But coming within sight of the city, perceiving so great a
,multitude and throng of people still crowding more and more
.about me: mistrusting it would be a let [hindrance to my
.determined expedition and pleasurable humour, which I, long
before, conceived, to delight this city with (so far as my best
skill and industry of my long travelled sinews could afford
them) : I was advised, and so took ease by that ad'ice, to
stay my Morrice a little above St. Giles his Gate; where I took
my gelding, and so rode into the city, procrastinating mv
merry Morrice dance through the city till better opportunity.
Being corne within the city, Master ROGER \VEILD the
Mayor, and sundry others of his worshipful Brethren, sent
for me. \Vho pel'ceiving how I intended not to dance into
the city that night, and being well satisfied with the reasons;
they allotted me rime enough not to dance until Saturdav
aftel': to the end, that divers Knights and Gentlemen, togethe'r
with their wives and children, who had heen many days
before deceived with expectation of my coming, might now,
bave sufficient warning accordingly, by Saturday following.
In the mean space, and during my still continuance in the
city afterwards, they not only very courteously offered to
bear mine own charges and my followers ; but very bounti-
fully performed it at the common charges. The Mayor and
many of the Aldermen, oftentimes besides, invited us privately
to their several houses.
To make a short end of this tedious description of my
.entertainment.

w. .,.»-I T. GHnERT'S ACROSTIC H''Z.COZE TO KE.p. 3!
April x6oo._]

Saturday [March 8] no sooner came, but I returned without
the city, through St. Giles his Gare ; and began my Morrice
where I left, at that Gate. But I entered in at St. Stephen's
Gate, where one THO,XtAS GLBEr«r, in name of ail the rest of
the city, gave me a friendly and exceeding kind welcome : which
I bave no reason to omit, unless I would condemn myself of
ingratitude; partly for the private affection of the writer
towards me, as also for the general love and favour I round
in them, fi'om the highest to the lowest, the richest as the
poorest.
It follows in these few lines.

Mastcr I E car V his wclcome to Norwich.

W \Vith heart and hand, among the rest,
E Especially you welcome are !
L Long looked for, as welcome guest :
C Come, now at last! you be from far.
O Of most within the city, sure,
1I lIany good wishes you have had !
E Each one did pray, you might endure

W With courage good, the match you ruade !
I Intend they did, with gladsome hearts,
L Like your well-willers, you to meet !

K Knmv you also, they'll do their parts,
E Either in field or house, to greet
M More you, than any with you came,
P Procured thereto, with trump and faine.
Your well-willer,
T.G.
Passing the gate, there were Whiffters, such Officers as
"were appointed by the Mayor, to make me way through the
throng of the people which pressed so mightily upon me.
\Vith great labour, I got through that narrow preas, into the
pen Market Place.
Where, on the Cross, ready prepared, stood the City Waits,
which nct a little refreshed myvearines%with toiling through
so narrmv a lane as the people left me. Such Waits (under

.2 KEMP'S GRE&T LEAP OVER CHURCIIYARD W2kLL-Àprlïex

Benedicite be it spoken) few cities in out realm bave the like,
none better! \Vho, besides their excellency in wind instru-
ments, and their rare cunning on the viol and violin : their
voices are admirable ! every one of them able to serve in an¥
Catbedral church in Christendom fi)r cboristers.
Passing by the Market Place, the press still increasing by
the number of boys, girls, men, and vomen, thronging more
and more before me, to sec the end; it was the mischance
of a homely maid (that, belike, was but nevly crept into the
fashion of long-waisted petticoats tied vith points [laccs or
tags ; and had, as it seemed, but one point tied before) that
coming unluckily in my way, as I was fetching a leap, it fell
out, that I set my foot on her skirts. The point eithev
breaking or stretching, off fell her petticoat ri'oto ber waist !
but, as chance was, though her smock was coarse, it wa
clean|y.
Yet the poor wench was so ashamed, the rather for that:
she eould hardly recover ber [petticoat a,ain from unrul¥
boys; that looking before like one that had the green sick-
ness, now had she her cheeks all coloured with scarlet.
I was sorry for her, but on I went towards the Mayor's :
and deceived the people, by leaping over the Churchyard
wall at St. John's; getting so into Master Mayor's gates a
nearer way.
But, at last, I found it the further way about : being forced,
on the Tuesday following [March I I, to renew my former dance;
because GEORGE PRAT, my Overseer, having lost me in the
throng, would not be deposed that I had danced it, since he-
saw me hot. And I must confess, I did hot well : for the
cltizens had caused ail the turnpikes to be taken up on Satur-
day, that I might hot be hindered.
But now I return again to my jump, the measure of whicb
is to be seen in the Guildhall at Norwicb ; where my buskins..
that I then vore and danced in from London thither, stand,
equally divided, nailed on the wall.
The plenty of good cheer at the Mayor's, his bounty and
kind usage; together with the general velcomes of his.
vorshipfu113rethren and many others, Knights, Ladies, Gentle-
men, and Gentlewomen, so much exceeded my expectation,
as I adjudged myself most bound to them ail.
The Mayor gave me rive pounds in Elizabcth Angels;

w. Ke,p.-! TtIE KINDNESS OF TIIE i[AVOR OF NORWCIL 33
April z6oo.J

which Mayor, (fair Madame ! fo whom I too lresumptuously
dedicate my idle paces !) as a man worthy of singular and
impartial admiration, if our critic humourous minds couid as
prodigally conceive as he desires, for his chaste life, liberality,
and temperance in possessing worldly benefits. He lives
unmarried and childless: and never purchased house nor
land ; the house he dwells in, this year, being but hired. He
lives upon merchandise ; being a Merchant Venturer.
If our Merchants and Gentlemen would take example
by this man, Gentlemen vould hot sell their lands, to
become, bankrupt Merchants; nor Merchants live in the
possessmns of youth-beguiled Gentlemen; who cast them-
selves out of their parents' heritages for a few outcast com-
modities. But \Vit ! whitber xvilt thou ? What hath Mor-
rice-tripping \VILL, to do with that ? It keeps hot rime vith
his dance ! Therefore, room you ! moral precepts ! Give
my legs leave to end my Morrice [ or that being ended, my
hands leave to perfect this worthless poor tottered [ ? tatteredj
volume !
Pardon me, Madam! that I am thus tedious! I cannot
choose but commend sacred liberality, which makes poor
wretcbes partakers of all comfortable benefits !
Besides the love and favour already repeated, Master
WEILD, the Mayor, gave me 4os. [--£IO IOW] yearly, during
my life, making me a Freeman of the Merchant Venturers.

This is the substance of all my journey. Therefore let no
man believe (however before, by lying Ballets and rumours
they have been abused) that either ways [roads] vere laid
open for me, or that I delivered gifts to Her Majesty.
It is good being merry, my Masters! but in a mean ! and
all my mirths, mean though they be, have been and ever
shall be employed to the delight of my royal Mistress!
whose sacred Name ought not to be remembered among
such ribald rhymes as these late thin-breeched lying Ballet
singers have proclaimed it.

It resteth noxv, that, in a xvord, I shew what profit I have
rnade by my Morrice.

I-W. Kemp.
,_ï. KEMP'S THREAT TO HIS I)EF&ULTERS. kpri6oo.

True it is, I put out some money to have threefold gain at
my return [i.e., he accclbted bets of Three to One that he could hot
dance lhis Mo«ris to Norwich]. Some that love me, regard my
pains and respect their promise, [andJ have sent home the
treble worth. Some others, at the first sight, bave paid me,
if I came to seek them. Others I cannot see, nor will they
be willingly round ! and these are the greater number.
If they had all used me well; or ai1, ill: I would bave
boldly set down the true SUln of l-nV small gain or loss ! but
I wili ha,,e patience some few days )nger.
At the end of which time, if any be behind, I will draw a
Catalogue of all their names I ventured vith. Those that
have shewn themselves honest men; I will set before them
this character, I-I. for Honesty. Before the other bench-
whistlers shall stand lç. for Ketlers or Keistrels, that will
drive a good companion, without need in them, to contend
tbr his own. But I hope I shall have no such need !
If I have, your honourable protection shall thus far defend
vour poor servant, that he may, being a plain man, call a
pade a spade.

Thus, fearing your Ladyship is wearier with reading this
toy than I was in all my naerry travail ; I crave pardon ! and
conclude this first pamphlet that ever \VLL. KE.X, offered
to the Press: being theleulato pressed on the one side bv
the pitiful papers pasted on every post, of that which was
neither so, nor so ; and, on the other side, urged thereto in
duty, to express with thankfulness the kind entertainment
I round.
Your Honour's poor servant,
W.K.

3.5

vP', humble request to the impudent
generation of Baliad-makers and tbeir coberents,
that it wouat please their Rascalities to
pity ais pains in tae great journey he pre-
tends [intends] ; and not fill the country
with lies of his never-done acts, as
tt, ey didin his late lV[orrice
to Norwich.

To the tune of T H 0 M A S D . L 0 N . '' s Elitalh.
M Y NOTABLE S HA KE-RAG S!

HE effect of my suit is discovered in the
] title of my Supplication.
[ But for your better understandings, for
that I knowyou to be a sort of witless
] beetle-heads that can understand nothing
]but what is knocked into your scalps,
J These are, by these presents, to certify unto
your Blockheadships, that I, WlLLIA,XI KeiP, whom you
had near[lyJ hand-rent in sunder, with your unreasonable
rhymes, and shortly, G0D willing! to set forward (as
merrily as I may), whither, I myself know not !
Wherefore, by the way, I would wish ye ! employ not your
little wits in certifying the world that I am gone to Rome,
Jerusalem, Venice, or any other place at your idle appoint.
I know, the best of ye, by the lies ye wrote of me, got hot
the price of a good hat to cover your brainless heads! If
any of ye had corne to me, my bounty should have exceeded
the best of your good masters, the ballad buyers ! I would
have apparelled your dry pates in parti-coloured bonnets !

-W. Kemp.
36 DEATH OF THOMAS DELONEY. LApril,6oo.

and bestowed a leash of my cast[-off] bells to have crowned
ye, with coxcombs !
I have ruade a privy search, what private Jigmonger of
your jolly number hath been the Author of these abomin-
able Ballets written of me.
I was told, it was the great Ballad-maker, T. D., alias
THOMAS DELONEV, Chronicler of the memorable Lives of
the Six yeomcn of the West, y.4CK of Newbury, the Gentle Crafl,
&c., and such like honest men, omitted by SToW, HOLLIN-
SttED, GRAF'fON, HALLE, FROISSART, and ail the test of those
well-deserving writers.
But I was given since to understand, your late General,
THO,XAS, died poorly (as ye all must do !), and was honestly
buried, which is much to be doubted of some of you ! [This
fixes DELONEY'S death about lI.rrch, 16oo.]
The Quest [inquest] of Inquiry finding him, by death
acquitted of the Indictment; I was let to wit, that another
Lord of Little Wit, one whose employment for the Pageant
was utterly spent, he being known to be ELDERTON'S imme-
diate heir, xvas vehemently suspected: but, after due inqui-
sition xvas ruade, he xvas at that time known to lire like
a man in a mist, having quite given over the mystery.
Still the Search continuing, I met a proper upright youth,
only for a little stooping in the shoulder, all heart to the heel,
a penny Poet ; whose first making [ballad] was the miserable
stolen story of ]IACDOEL, or ]IACDOBETH, or MAc-somewhat:
for I ara sure a M.4c it was, though I never had the maw to
see it : and he told me there was a fat filthy Ballet-maker
that should have once been his journeyman to the trade, who
lived about the town; and, ten to one! but he had thus
terribly abused me and my Tabourer, for that he was able to
do such a thing in print. A shrewd presumption !
I found him about the Bankside, sitting at a play. I de-
sired to speak with him, had him to a tavern, charged Il.e.,
[or him] a pipe with tobacco, and then laid this terrible
accusation to his charge. He swells presently like one of

W. Kep.q K E M P'S HUNT AFTER THE BALLAD-MAKER. 37
April

the four winds. The violence of his breath blew the tobacco
out of the pipe, and the heat of his wrath drank dry two
bowls of Rhenish wine.
At length having power to speak, " Naine my accuser!"
saith he, " or I defie thee, KEMP! at the quart[er] staff!"
I told him! and ail his anger turned to laughter; swearing
"it did him good to have ill words of a hoddy doddy! a
habber de hoy! [? hobbledehoy], a chicken! a squib! a
squall! One that hath hot wit enough to make a ballet;
that by PoL and AEOeOL would Pol his father, Derick
his dad! do anything, hoxv iii soever, to please his apish
humour !"
I hardly believed this youth, that I took to be gracious,
had been so graceless; but I heard, afterwards, his mother-
in-law was eye-and ear-witness of his father's abuse, by this
blessed child, on a public Stage, in "a merry Host of an
Inn's" part.
Yet all this while, could not I find out the truc ballet
maker; till, by chance, a friencl of mine pulled out of his
pocket, a book in Latin, called Mundus furiosus, printed at
Cullen [Cologue], written by one of the vilest and arrantest
lying cullians Lwretchesj that ever wrote book; his name
JAlSolus : who, taking upon him to write an abstract of all
the turbulent actions that had been lately attempted or
performed in Christendom, like an unchristian wretch ! writes
only by report, partially, and scoffingly of such xvhose page's
shoes he was unworthy to wipe. For indeed he is now dead.
Farewell, he ! every dog must have a day !
But see the luck on it ! This beggarly lying busybody's
name brought out the Ballad-maker [? RtCH,aRD yOHNSON] !
and it was generally confirmed it was his kinsman! He
confesses himself guilty, let any man look on his face! if
there be not so red a colour that all the soap in the town will
hOt vash white, let me be turned into a whiting, as I pass
between Dover and Calais!
Well, GOD forgive thee, honest fellow !

Çw. Kerap.
3 IEMP I$ GOING ON THE OTINT. LAçril6oo.

I see, thou hast grace in thee ! I prithee, do so no more !
Leave xvriting these beastly ballets ! make not good xvenches,
Prophetesses for little or no profit ! nor for a sixpenny mat-
ter, revive not a poor fellow's fault that is hanged for his
offence ! it may be thine ovn destiny, one day: prithee, be
good to them !
Call up, thy old MELPOMENE ! xvhose stravberry quill may
vrite the bloody lines of the blue Lady, and the Prince of the
burning crown: a better subject I can tell ye ! than your Knight
of the Red Cross. So farexvell! and cross me no more, I
prithee ! vith thy rabble of bald rhymes,
least at my return, I set a cross
on thy forehead, that all
men may know thee
for a fool[

W I LLI AM K EMP.

FINIS.

T [H o I A s]

D lE L 0 N E ¥].

7rhree Bal/ads o te Ammda J;ght.
[Original broadsldes, in Brhlsh lXluseum. C.
A joyfzd ncw Ballad dcclaring the h@#y oblaining of thc grcai
Galleazzo, whcrcin Don PEDRO DE VALDEZ was the chier;
through the mighiy power and providcnce of GOD : being a
spccial loken of I-Ils gracious and fathcrly goodncss towards us ;
to ihe grcai cncouragemcn! of al! those tha! willfigly fighi
dcfence of His Gos])cl and out good
Quecn of England.

To the tune of Momieur's A lmain.

[Entered at Stationers' Hall, oth August, 588 ; see Transcrit, ii. 495- /d. 1875. ]

NOBLE England,
fall down upon thy knee !
And praise thy GOD, xith thankful heart,
which still maintaineth thee!
The foreign forces
that seek thy utter spoil,
Shall then, through His especial grace,
be brought to shameful foil.
With mighty power,
they corne unto out coast;
To overrun out country quite,
they make their brags and boast.

4 ° " FIGIIT FOR LORD & ot:R GOOD OUEEN "... t.,orT" t)teloeyl-aug. ,»88.

In strength of men
they set their only stay;
But we, upon the LORD our GOD
will put our trust alway !

Great is their number
of ships upon the sea;
And their provision wonderful :
but, LORD, Thou art oui stay !
Their armèd soldiers
are many by account ;
Their aiders eke in this attempt
do, sundry ways, surmount.
The Pope of Ron, e,
with many blessèd grains,
To sanctify their bad pretence,
bestoweth both cost and pains,
But little land
is not dismayed af all !
The LORD, no doubt ! is on our side,
which soon will work their rail.

In happy hour,
our foes we did descry !
And under sail, with gallant vind,
as they came passing by.
Which sudden tidings
to Plymouth heing hrought ;
Full soon out Lord High Admiral,
for to pursue them souLht.
And fo his train
courageously he said,
" Now, for the LORD, and our good Queen,
- fo fight he nt afraid !
legard our Cuse!
and play your parts like men !

T. D[eloney]."l
'o AuX. sBB....I

TrIE MIGHTY GALLIAS ASHORE AT CALAIS,

The LORD, no doubt ! will prosper us
in ail our actions then."

This great Gallcazzo
which ,vas so huge and high,
That, like a bulwark on the sea
did seem to each man's eye.
There was it taken,
unto out great relief,
And divers nobles, in which train
Don PEDRO was the chier.
8trong was she stuffed
with cannons great and small,
And other instruments of war,
\Vhich we obtainèd ail.
A certain sign
of good success, we trust :
That GOD will overthrow the rest,
as he hath done the first.

Then did our Navy
pursue the rest amain,
With roaring noise of cannons great,
till they, near Calais came.
With manly courage
they followed them so fast ;
Another mighty Galleon
did seem to yield at last :
And in distress
for safeguard of their !ives,
A flag of truce, they did hand out,
with many mournful cries.
XVhich when our men
did perfectly espy
8ome little barks they sent to ber,
to board ber quietly.

4 2

DEATH OF CAPTAIN ]DE IIoNCALDO.
Aug. 588-

But these false Spaniards
esteeming them but veak,
When they vithin their danger came,
their malice forth did break :
With chargèd cannons
they laid about them then,
For to destroy those proper barks
and ail their valiant men.
Which when our men
preceivèd so to be;
Like lions tierce, they forvard went
to 'quite this injury ;
And boarding them
with strong and mighty hand,
They killed the men, until their Ark
did sink in Calais sand.

The chiefest Captain
of this Galleon so high,
Don HUGO DE MONCALDO, he
vithin this fight did die :
Who was the General
of all the Galleons great,
But through his brains, vith powder's force,
a bullet strong did beat.
And many more,
by sword, did lose their breath,
And many more within the sea
did swim, and took their deatho
There might you see
the salt and foaming flood,
Died and stained like scarlet red
vith store of Spanish blood.

This mighty vessel
was threescore yards in length,

T. D[eloneyl.']
Io Aug. x588.J

NOT A SHIP OF OURS WAS LOST! 43

Most wonderful, to each man's eyc,
for making and for strength.
In her were placed
a hundred cannons great,
And mightily provided eke
with bread-corn, wine, and meat.
There were of oars
two hundred, I ween.
Threescore feet and twelve in length
well measured to be seen ;
And yet subdued,
with manv others more :
And not a ship of ours lost !
the LORD be thanked therefore !

Our pleasant country,
so beautiful and so fair,
They do intend, by deadly var,
to make both poor and bare.
Out towns and cities,
to rack and sack likewise,
To kill and murder man and wife
as malice doth arise ;
And to deflour
out virgins in out sight ;
And in the cradle cruelly
the tender babe to smite.
GOD's Holy Truth,
they mean for to cast clown,
And to deprive out noble Queen
both of ber life and crown.

Our wealth and riches,
which we enjoyèd long;
They do appoint their prey and spoll
by cruelty and wrong.

[ T. D[e[onev].
44 INTENDED MERCIES OF TIIE SPANIARDS. l.zoAue.»8.

To set our houses
a tire on our heads;
And cursedly to cut our throats
As we lie in our beds.
Out children's brains
to dash against the ground,
And from the earth our memory
for ever to confound.
To change out joy
to grief and mourning sad,
And never more fo see the days
of pleasure we have had.

But GOD Almighty
be blessed evermore !
Who doth encourage Eriglishmen
to beat them from our shore,
With roaring cannons
their hasty steps to stay,
And with the force of thundering shot,
to make them fly avay ;
XVho made aci:ount,
belote this time or day,
Against the walls of fait London
their banners to display.
But their intent,
the LORD will bring to nought,
If faithfully we call and cry
for succour as we ought.

And yours, dear brethren !
which beareth arms this day,
For safeguard of your native soil ;
mark well, what I shall say !
Regard your duties !
think on your country's good !

T. Dldonyl.] "THE OUEEN WILL BE AMONG YOU '' 45
o Aug. '558-J "

And fear not in defence thereof,
to spend your dearest blood !
Our gracious Queen
doth greet you every one !
And saith, " She will among you be
in every bitter storm !
Desiring you
true English hearts to bear
To GOD ! to ber! and to the land
wherein you nursèd vere ! "

LORD GOD Almighty!
(which hath the hearts in hand,
Of every person to dispose)
defend this English land !
I31ess Thou, our Sovereign
with long and happy life !
Endue her Council with Thy grace
and end this mortal strife !
Give to the test
of commons more and less,
Loving hearts ! obedient minds !
and perfect faithfulness !
That they and we,
and all, with one accord,
On Sion bill, may sing the praise
of out most mighty LORD.

T. no

FINIS.

Printed by J o H N W o L F ]
for EDWARD WHITE
1588.

4 6 TIIE QUEEN'S IN'rENT TO SEE TILBURY CAIIP. [,Td D[,Ioney].
A.ug.
Tl, e Queen's visiting of the Cam,b at Tilbury, with 1zer
etertainmezt tlcre.
To the tune of Wilso»'s wild.
[Entered at Stationers' IIal], lothAt, gust, I588; see 2ï-a2scril, il. 495. &M.
Iï'HIN the year of CHIIST our Lord,
a thousand and rive hundred full,
Ad eigbty-eight by just record,
the which no man may disannul;
And in the thirtieth year remaining,
of good Queen ELIZABETIt'S reigning :
A mighty power there was prepared
By IHILIP, then the King of Spain,
Against the Maiden Queen of England ;
\\'hich in peace belote did reign.
Her royal ships, to sea she sent
to guard the coast on every side ;
And seeing how her foes were bent,
ber realm full well she did provide
\Vith many thousands so prepared
as like was never erst declared ;
Of horsemen and of footmen plenty,
whose good hearts full well is seen,
In the safeguard of their country
and the service of our Queen.
In Essex fair, that fertile soil
upon the hill of Tilbury,
To give our Spanish foes the foil
in gallant camps they now do fie,
Where good order is ordained,
and true justice eke maintained
For the punishment of persons
that are lewd or badl 3) bent.
To see a sight so strange in England,
'Twas our gracious Queen's intent.

T. Dteo,,.j. Tnv: QUEEI LEAVES \VIIITEHALL, 8TII AUG. 47
o Aug. xS8S.J

And on the eighth of August, she
from fair St. James's, took her way,
XVith many Lords of high degree,
in princely robes and rich array ;
And to barge upon the water
(being King HENR'¢'S royal daughter !)
She did go, with trumpets sounding,
and with dubbing drums apace,
Along the Thames, that famous river,
for to view the Camp a space.

\Vhen she, as far as Gravesend came,
right over against that pretty town,
Her royal Grace with all her train
was landed there with great renown.
The Lords, and Captains of ber forces,
mounted on their gallant horses,
Ready stood to entertain her,
like martial men of courage bold
"\Velcome to the Camp, dread Sovereign !"
Thus they said, both young and old.

The Bulwarks strong, that stood thereby,
well guarded with sufficient men,
Their flags were spread courageously,
their cannons vere dischargèd then.
Èach gunner did declare his cunning
for joy conceivèd of her coming.
All the way her Grace vas riding,
on each side stood armèd men,
With muskets, pikes, and good calivers,
for her Grace's safeguard then.

The Lord General of the field
had there his bloody Ancient borne,
The Lord Marshal's colours eke
were carried there, all rent and torn,

[T. ][eloney|.
SIMPLY P.a.SSES THROUGH THE CAMP.
The which with bullets was so burned
when in Flanders he sojourned.
Thus in warlike wise they marched,
even as sort as foot could fall ;
I3ecause her Grace was fully minded
perfectly to view them all.
Her faithful soldiers, great and small,
as each one stood within his place,
Upon their knees began to fall
desiring GOD, to " save her Grace ] "
For joy whereof, ber eyes were filled
that the water down distilled ;
" LORD bless you all, my friends ] " she said,
"but do not kneel so much to me ]"
Then sent she warning to the rest,
they should hot let such reverence be.
Then casting up her Princely eyes
unto the hill with perfect sight,
The ground all covered, she espies,
with feet of armèd soldiers bright :
Whereat her royal heart so leaped,
on her feet upright she stepped.
Tossing up ber plume of feathers
to them all as they did stand,
Cheerfully her body bending,
waving of ber royal hand.
Thus through the Camp she passèd quite,
in manner as I have declared.
At Master RICH'S, for that night,
ber Grace's lodging was prepared.
The morrow affer her abiding,
on a princely palfrey riding;
To the Camp, she came to dinner,
with her Lords and Ladies all.

T.,o Aug.I)[e|°neY]'],588. PROCESSlON AT THE REVIEW ON 9TH AUGUST. 49
The Lord General vent to meet her,
with his Guard of Yeomen tall.

The Sergeant Trumpet, with his mace,
And nine with trumpets after him,
I3areheaded vent belote Her Grace
in coats of scarlet trim.
The King of Heralds, tall and comely,
vas the next in order duly,
\Vith the famous Arms of England
wrought with rich embroidered gold
On finest velvet, blue and crimson,
that for silver can be sold.

With maces of clean beaten gold,
the Queen'$ tvo Sergeants then did ride,
Most comely men for to behold,
in velvet coats and chains beside.
The Lord General then came riding,
and Lord Marshal hard beside him,
Richly were they both attired
in princely garments of great price ;
/3earing still their hats and feathers
in their hands, in comely wise.

Then came the Queen, on prancing steed,
attired like an angel bright ;
And eight brave footmen at her feet
vhose jerkins were most rich in sight.
Her Ladies, likewise of great honour,
most sumptuously did wait upon her,
\,'ith pearls and diamonds brave adorned,
and in costly cauls of gold :
Her Guards, in scarlet, then rode after,
with bows and arrows, stout and bold.
Vil. 4"

5° TtIE QUEEN, ALO NE, SPEAKING TO HER SOLDI ERS.[g
The valiant Captains of the field,
mean space, themselves in order set;
And each of them, with spear and shield,
to join in battle did not let.
Vqith such a warlike skill extended,
as the saine was much commended.
Such a battle pitched in England
many a day hath not been seen.
Thus they stood in order waiting
for the presence of our Queen.
At length, her Grace most royally
receivèd was, and brought again.
\Vhere she might see most loyally
this noble host and warlike train.
How they came marching all together,
like a wood in winter's weather,
XVith the strokes of drummers sounding,
and with trampling horses ; then
The earth and air did sound like thunder
to tbe ears of every man.
'rhe warlike army then stood still,
and drummers lefl their dubbing sound
t3ecause it was our Prince's will
to ride about the army round.
Her Ladies, she did leave behind her,
and her Guard, which still did mind her,
The Lord General and Lord Marshal
did conduct ber fo each place.
The pikes, the colours, and the lances,
af her approach, fell down apace !
And then bespake our noble Queen,
" My loving friends and countrymen
I hope this day the worst is seen,
that in our wars, ye shall sustain !

T Dtdoneyl.-I THE MIGHT¥ SUDDEN SIIOUT OF TIIE SOLDIERS. 5 1
o Aug. xS.J

But if our enemies do assail you,
never let your stomachs rail you !
For in the midst of all your troops ;
ve ourselves will be in place !
To be your joy, your guide and comfort ;
even before your enemy's face !"

This done, the soldiers, all at once,
a mighty shout or cry did give !
Which forcèd from the azure skies
an echo loud, from thence to drive ;
Which filled her Grace with joy and pleasure :
and riding then from them, by leisure,
With trumpets' sound most loyally,
along the Court of Guard she went :
Who did conduct Her Majesty
unto the Lord Chief General's tent.

Where she was feasted royally
xvith dainties of most costly prices
And when that night approaching nigh»
Her Majesty, with sage advice,
In gracious manner, then returned
from the Camp where she sojourned
And when that she xvas safely sit
within her barge, and passed axvay ;
Her Farewell then, the trumpets sounded ;
and the cannons fast did play !
T.D.

FINIS.

Imprinted at London by J o H N W o L F
for EDWARD WHITE. 1588.

5 2 TtIE PROFIT WIIICII COMES FROM SPAIN. [-T.D[eloney].
L3x Aug. x588.

A new Ballet of the strange and most crud whiDs, which the
Spaniards had lhrcpared lo whip and torment English man and
women : which wcre found and taken at the overthrow of certain
of lhc Spanish ships, in )Culy last lhast, 1588.

To the tune of The valiant Soldier.

[ Entered at Stationers' I Iall, 3 x Augnst, x 588 ; see Transo'it, ii. 498. Ed. 875. ]

Lb you that list to look and see
what profit comes from Spain,
And what the Pope and Spaniards both
preparèd for out gain.
Then turn your eyes and bend your ears,
and you shall hear and see
\Vhat courteous minds, what gentle hearts,
they bear to thee and me !

They say " they seek for England's good,
and wish the people well ! "
They say "they are such holy men,
all others they excel !"
They brag that " they are Catholics,
and CHRIST'S only Spouse !
And whatsoe'er they take in hand,
the holy Pope allows ! "

These holy men, these sacred saints,
and these that think no ill :
See how they sought, against all right,
to murder, spoil, and kill!
Our noble Queen and country first
they did prepare to spoil,
To ruinate out lires and lands
with trouble and turmoil.

,T" D[elony]."]Aug. x588.[ XVHIP STRINGS WITII WIRV KNOT .q. 5.»

And not content, by tire and sword,
to take out right away;
But to torment most cruelly,
out bodies, night and day.
Although thcy meant, with murdcring hands,
out guiltless blood to spill ;
Before out deaths, they did devise
to whip us, first, their fill.

And for that purpose had prepared
of whips such wondrous store,
So strangely made, that, sure, the like
was never seen before.
For never was there horse, nor mule,
nor dog of currish kind,
That ever had such whips devised
by any savage mind !

One sort of whips, they had for men,
so smarting, tierce, and fell,
As like could never be devised
by any devil in hell:
The strings whereof with wiry knots,
like rowels they did frame,
That every stroke might tear the flesh,
they laid on with the same.

And pluck the spreading sinews from
the hardened bloody bone,
To prick and pierce each tender rein,
within the body known ;
And not to leave one crooked rib
on any side unseen,
Nor yet to leave a lump of flesh,
the head and foof between.

I-T. D[eloney]
54 VI[IPS WITH BRAZEN TAGS, FOR WOMEN. L3Aug.»8

And for our silly women eke,
their hearts with grief to clog ;
They ruade such whips, vherewith no man
would seem to strike a dog.
So strengthened eke vith brazen tags
and filed so rough and thin,
That they xvould force at every lash,
the blood abroad to spin.

Although their bodies sweet and fair
their spoil they meant to make,
And on them first their filthy lust
and pleasure for to take :
Yet afterwards such sour sauce
they should be sure to find,
That they should curse each springlng branch
that cometh of their kind.

0 Ladies fair, what spite were this !
your gentle hearts to kill !
To see these devilish tyrants thus
your children's blood to spill.
What grief unto the husband dear !
his loving vife to see
Tormented so before his face
with extreme villainy.

And think you hot, that they which had
such dogged minds to make
Such instruments of tyranny,
had not like hearts to take
The greatest vengeance that they might,
upon us every one ?
Yes, yes t be sure ! for godly fear
and mercy, have they none !

T'D[eI°neY]']Tuw ROMANS WItIPPED OUEEN BOADICEA. 55
3x Aug. z588 / a. *"

Even as in India once they did
against those people there
With cruel curs, in shameful sort,
the men both rent and tare ;
And set the ladies great with child
upright against a tree,
And shot them through with piercing darts :
such would their practice be !

Did hot the Romans in this land
sometimes like practice use
Against the Britains bold in heart,
and wondrously abuse
The valiant king whom they had caught,
before his queen and wife,
And with most extreme tyranny,
despatched him of his lire ?

The good Queen t30ADICEA,
and eke her daughters three ;
Did they not first abuse them ail
by lust and lechery ;
And, after, stripped them naked ail,
and whipped them in such sort,
That it would grieve each Christian heart
to hear that just report ?

And if these ruffling mates of Rome
did Princes thus torment ;
Think you ! the Romish Spaniards now
would hot shew their descent ?
How did they, late, in Rome rejoice,
in Italy and Spain ;
X, Vhat ringing and what bonfires !
what Masses sung amain !

56 Sl'ANISH ACCOUNTS THAT LONION W*S IREI. [*,. ,-.Dtc'°"*rJ'.»s.

What printed books were sent about
as fillèd their desire,
How England was, by Spaniards won,
and London set on tire!
Be these the men, that are so mild !
whom some so holy call !
The LORD defend out noble Queen
and country from them all!

FINIS.

Imprinted at London, by T I o M A S 0 R W I N and
ToMAs GuBBIN;andaretobesoldin
laternoster Rov, over against
the Black Raven,
1588.

THE
COMME NTztR IE 5
OF

Sir FRANCIS VERE,

Bcing

divers Pieces of Service, wherein he
had command; written by himself,
in way of Commentary.

Published by
WIIIIa DIllIrqOlq«, D.D.

Ut I E R Us in sui Commentariis #rodidlt. CaMOEN, Annal.
2lihi sufficit hee¢ suntmalint VE R Commentario amtotasse. Idem. Ibid.

CAMBRIDGE:
Printed by J o v F i la: L D, Printer to the famous
University. ./Inno Dom. M D C L V I I.

[Brave VExy .t who hasl 3y deeds of arms ruade good
IUhal thon hadst romisèd 3y 3irtk and 31ood,
IVhose Courage ne'er turned edge, 3eit 3acked w#k wise
Mud so&r Reason, sharpcted wilh Adz, ice.
Look, Reader, how fro»z Nicuporl hills, he throws
HimseoE a lhum#rbo# amogsl his foes /
nd whal his Sword indiled, thal his Pen
Vitk like success dolh hcre flffht o'cr affait /
IVhal [.xs peformed, [xcvxv dolh tell /
Noue e'er bul CsAx foztffhl and wrote so well/
IUhy may hot then his 3ook this t#& car 7,
The Second Part of Cs's Commentary ?

S c It, IA D.,4
duo fulmina belli.]

To the Riht lPorsbi]ful
HORA c To IVNSH.EN.D,

Baronet.

tIGHT
have you

WORSHIPFUL,
HERE present you with the Works, that is, wlth
the Actions and Writings of your great uncle, Sir
FRANCIS VERE ; unto which, as you bave a right
by blood, common to some others with you, so
also right by purchase, proper and peculiar to

yourself alone: having freely contributed to adorn the
impression [contributcd towards the engravhgs of the original
edition] ; wherein you have consulted, as the reader's delight
and satisfaction, so the honour and reputation of your family.
I have read of one that used to wear lais father's picture
always about him ; that, by often looking thereon, he might
be reminded to imitate his virtues, and to admit of nothing
unworthy of the memory of such an ancestor. Now, Sir, I
think you shall not need any monitor than your mvn naine !
if, but as often as you write it or hear it spoken, you recall
into your thoughts, those of your progenitors, who contributed
to it: your honoured father, Sir ROGER TOWNSIEND, and
your grandfather, the truly honourable and valiant the Lord
VERE of Tilbury; men famous in theirgenerations, for owning
religion, not only by profession, but also by the practice
and patronage of it. \Vhose virtues, vhile you shall make
the pattern of your imitation, you will increase in favour
with GOD and man, and answer the just expectations of
your country. And that you may so do, it is the earnest
desire, and hearty prayer of,
Sir,
Your very respectful friend and humble servant,
WILLIAM DILLINGHAM.

To the ingenuous Reader.
N LrHouH this book cau mithcr nccd, nor adroit of any
Letters Rccommcmtatoo, from so mcau a hand : yet
I thought it hot incongruous fo give thee some account
of it ; especially coming forth so many years after the
author's dcath [Sir FIANClS VEINE died 28th August, 16o8,
oet. 54]-
Know thcn, that some yeavs since, it was my good hap to meet
with a copy [i.e., in manuscript] of it, in the library of a fi'icnd,
which had been eithev trascvibed ri'oto, or at least compared witk
another in the owning and lossessiou of Major General SmON :
which I had no sooncr looked ito, but I found myself led on with
excceding delight, to the lerusal of it. The gMlantry of the action,
the modesty of the author, and the bccomingness of the style, did
much affect me : and I soon resolved that such a treasure could
zot, without ingratitude to the atthor and his noble family, tor
without a manifest in jury fo the rcpute out Eglish Nation, yea,
and unto tvuth itsdf, be any longcr concealed in obscfwity.
lVhcveupon, I engaged my best endeavouvs fo brig if into the
2bublic view : but finding some imperfections and doubtful places
in that copy, I gave mysdf fo fitrther inquiry after some other
copies ; supposing it very improbable that they should all stumble
at the saine stone.
A nd so, I was favoured with another copy out of the increasing
library of the Right Honouvable the Earl of IVEsrORELA'Z,
wldch had been transcribed immedialely from the author's own ;

W. Dillingham, D.D.
,,»,.] S,, jo,, OcL'S .«CCOVTS A»ZD. 61

another, the Honourablc the Lord FAIRFAX was plcased to afford
roc the Derusal of: but that which was instar omnium, was the
Original itsdf, written bi' the attthor's own hand, bcing the goods
amt treasure of thc Right Hwourable the Earl of CLARE, but at
present, through his favour, in my possession.
These, Rcader ! are the Pcrsonagcs whose fi, vour hcrein, I ara,
evcn upon thy account, obliged hcrc to rcmembcr and acknowledge.
I bave subjoincd Sir yOHN Oç, LE's accourir of the Last Charge
at Nieulbort battle : whom, I suppose, out author himsclf would
have allowcd (being his Lieutenant-Colonel) to bring up the rear.
I bave also inscrted his account of thc Parlcy at the siege of Ostend.
Both wcre commmdcated fo me, by the saine friendly hamt [the
Earl of CLARE] that first lent »te the copy [manuscript] of Sir
FRANCIS VERE.
And, for thy further satisfaction, I bave adventurcd to continue
the stoy of that Siegc, from the rime that out A uthor put up his
pcn, fo the rime that he put up his sword thcre : having first, by
his cxample, taught othcrs the way how to dcf«nd the town ....
I will hot hem mention anything concerning out author's life
and extraction. The one whereof is sufficiently known : and for
the other, I shall content »O'sclf with what Sir ROBERT NA UNTON
bath briefly writte; of him, which I bave printcd hcre bcfore the
book ; which is all but a larger Commentary upon that which he
ha:h t.'-'re ddivcred.

Only give me lcave fo bemoan a httle out own loss, and the
author's unhappiness in this, that his noble brothcr [Sir HORAC
VERE], having been in courage cqual, and in hazards undividcd.
should leavc him here to go alonc. For as he must be allowcd a
great share in these actions rccorded by his brothcr : so werc his
own services afterwards, whcn General of the English, so emincnt
and considcrable, that thcy might easily bave furnished anothcr
Commentary ; had hot his own cxcccding modcsty provcd a stc-
mothcr to his deservcd praiscs.

62 OFFICERS TRAINED BY LORD VERE. [W. Dillingham, D.D"
x657o

He was a religious, u'ise, and valiant Commander : and, that
which quartered him in the boso» of the Prince of ORANGE, he
was always successful in his ente»rises ; somctimes, to the ad»ira-
tion both of fricnds and emmies. Take an instance or two.
lVhen he took Shds, there was o»e stronghold first to be taken,
which he found some difficulty to overcome ; and that was, the
qbinion of his fric,tds of th« i,,¢ossibility of th« cnterpris«. And
for his enemies, SPINOLA himself, were he now alive, would, l
question hot, do ldm the right which he did him in his lifetime :
attd bear witness of his gallant retreat with 4,ooo from between his
vcry fingers ; whcn, with thrce rimes that numbcr, he had grasbed
uç the Prince and his men against the scashore.
And because the ])roficiency of the Scholars was ever accounted a
good argument of their Mastcr's ability ; [ shall make bold, with
their leaves, to give you a list of some of his [Sir HORaCE, after-
vards Lord VERE of Tilbury, vho died in r635 ].

HENRY, Earl of OXFORD.
THOMAS, Lord FAIRFAX.
Sir EDWARD VERE, Licut.-
Colonel.
Sir SIMON HARCOURT,
Sergeant Major.
Sir THOMAS DUTTON,
Cabtain.
Sir HENRY PAITON»
Captain.
Sir ffOHN BURROUGHS,
Cabtain.
Sir THOMAS GATE$, C@tain.

Sir OHN CONYERS, Ca2ta[tt.
Sir THOMAE GALE, C@tain.
Sir |VILLIAM LOVELACE, Calb[a[n.
Sir ROBERT CAREY, Calhtain.
Sir yACOB A SHLEY, CalMain.
Sir THOMAS CONWAY, Cal, tain.
Sir yOHN BURLACY, C@tain.
Si»" THO,rAS WINNE, C@tain.
Sir GER[VASE] HERBERT,
C@tain.
Sir Ez) WARZ) HA R WOOD, Calhtain.
Si»" MICHAEL EVERID, Calbtain.

Besidcs divers others, whose e.Ogics [portraits] do at once, both
guard and adorn Kirby Hall in Essex ; wherc the truly religious
and honourable the Lady VERE doth still survive [in t657], kebt
alive thus long bi' special Providence, that the lbrescnt Age might

W. Dillingham, D.D.
57.] TIE IAçCI'rERS OF LORD VER. 6 3

more than 'ead and 'emember, what was true godlitess in [at]
eighty-eight.
As for ber Lord and husband, who died long since [in I635],
though he left no leir male behhtd him, to bear his naine ; yet
bath he distributed kis blood, fo run in the veis of nany honour-
able and wor.shipfuI families in England. For kis daughters
were, The Right Hono,trable, Honourable and virtuous, the
Countess of CLARI, tke Lady TOIVlqSHIlqD tow Countess of
WST2tOIAND, the Lady PAULET, the Lady FAZFAX, and
Mistress |VORSTENHOLME : whose pardon I crave, for making
so bold with their mmes ; but my hope is, they will be willing fo
become witnesses unto tlcir Uncle's book (though a warlike birtlO,
and fo let their ames nidwife if hto the world.

Thus, Reader, I bave given thee a brief accourir of this liece,
and so reco»tend ne to Sir FRANCIS VERE .t

6 4 NAUNTON'S ACCOUNT OF SIR F. VERE. ]-SirR. Naunton.

Sir ROBERT NAUNTON, in his Fragmenta Rcffalia, p. 41.
VERE.
IR FRANCIS VERE was of that ancient, and of the
most noble, extract of the Earls of OXFORD ; and
it may be a question whether the Nobility of
bis House or the Honour of his Achievements
might most commend him ; but that we bave out authentic
rule,
Nain çclllts, Ct proavos, ci quce non fccimus il)si
Vix ca tostra voco, &c.
For thougb be was an honourable Slip of that ancient Tree
of Nobility, wbich was no disadvantge tu lais virtue : 3-et he
brought more glory tu tbe Naine of VERE, than he took blood
from the Family.
He was, amongst all the Queen's Swordsmen [military and
naval officcrs], inferior tu none; but superior tu many. Of
whom, it may be said, "Tu speak much of him, were the way
tu leave out somewhat that might add tu his praise, and tu
forget more that would make tu his honour."
I find not, that he came much tu the Court, for he lived
almost perpetually in the Camp : but when he did, none had
more of the Queen's favour, and none less envied. For he
seldom troubled it, with the noise and alarms of supplications :
his way was anotber sort of undcrmining [
They report, that the Queen, as she loved martial men,
would Court tb_is Gentleman, as soon as he appeared in ber
presence : and, surely, he was a soldier of great worth and
Command! 3o years in the service of the States [Unitcd
]Vethcrlands], and 2o years over the English in Chief, as the
Queen's General. And he that had seen the battle at Nieu-
port, might there best bave taken him, and leeis noble brother,
the Lord of Tilbury, to the life.

THE
C O MME NU.,4RIES
OF
Sir F RANCIS VERE.

27oc»zcl«r lFacrl.

N THE vear

of our Lord 1589 , the Count
CHARLES IANSFELDT having passed part of
his army into the Boemeler Waert (the rest
lying in Brabant over against the island of
Voorn), prepared both troops to pass into the
aid island, vith great store of flat-bottomed
boats; his artillery being placed to the best
advantage to favour the enterprise.
The Ccunt MAURICE had to impeach him, not above 800
men: the vh»le force that he was then able to gather to-
gether, net being above 1,5oo men ; whereof the most were
dispersed along the river of \Vaal, fl'onting the Boemeler
Waert, to impeach the enemy's passage into the Betuwe.
Of these 800 men; 600 were English, of which myself had
the command.
These seemed small forces to resist the enemy, who vas
then reckoned about 12,ooo men; and therefore Count
]IAURICE and Count HOLLOCK [the l@ular naine of Courir
PHILIP IVILLIAM HOHENLO], one day, doing me the honour
to corne to my quarters, put in deliberation, Whether it were
hot best to abandon the place ?
NG. G.4R. Vll. 5

66 THE FIRST RELIEF OF RIIEINI3ERG. LSlrç TM. ,606.

XVhereunto, when others inclined; my opinion was, That
in regard of the importance of the place, and for the reputa-
tion of Count IIAtlI.ICE, this being the first enterprise
wherein he commanded in person as chief; it could hot be
abandoned but with much reproach, without the knowledge
and orders of the States General : and that therefore they
were first tobe informed in what state things stood; I under-
taking in the meantime, the defence of the place.
\Vhich counsel vas followed; and I used such industry
both in the intrenching of the island and planting artillery,
that the enemy, in the end, desisted from the enterprise.

The rch'f of Rheht3eT.

N "rIE year of our Lord 158 9, the town of Berg
upon the Rhine, being besieged by the Marquis of
\VARRENBON, and distressed for want of victuals :
I was sent to the Count MEUleS, Governor of
Gelderland, by the States, with nine companies of
English.
At my coming fo Arnheim, where he lay, in a 8torehouse
of munitions; in giving order for things necessary for his
expedition, the powder was set on tire, and he[so sorely burnt,
that he died within few days after.
The States of that Province called me before them, told me
in what extremity the town was, the importance of the place,
and facility in succouring it; desiring me to prigceed in
the enterprise : which I did willingly assent unto ; and they
appointed seven companies of their own nation to join with
me, which were tobe left in Berg in lieu of so many other
companies tobe drawn out hence.
To the Courir OVERSTEIN, a young Gentleman and then
without any charge [comnland], as a kinsman and follower
of the Count of IIEuRs, they.gave the cornmand of twelve
companies of horse.
\Vith these troops, we passed to the Fort Caleti, ruade by
8KINK, over against Rees. \Vhere, finding the carriages
appointed for that purpose, ready laden with provisions; we
rnarched towards Berg, taking out way through a heathy

si.v«.- I FIGIIT IN TIIE WOODS NEAR Loo CASTLE. 6 7
,6o6.A

and open country: and so, vith diligence surprising the
enemy (who lay dispersed in their forts about the town), in
full viev of them, we put otr provisions into the town ; and
so returned to the said Fort by Rees, the saine way we had
gone.

The second relievin of ]dheinbeT.

FTER some days' refreshing, new provision of
victuals being made, it was thought good by the
States, who, in the meantime had advice hosv
thin.gs had passed.,.that we should with all speed,
put in more provisions.
I3eing advertised that the enemy gathered great forces at
Brabant, under the conduct of the Count ][ANSFELDT, for the
strait besieging of the town; this ruade us hasten, and
xvithal take the ordinary and ready way near the Rhine side.
But because it was shorter, and not so open as the other ;
.and so more dangerous, if perchance the enemy xvith his full
13ower should encounter us: and because there were upon it
certain small redoubts held by the enemy; we took along
with us txvo small field pieces.
When ve came within two English toiles of Berg, at a
Castle called Loo [aftcrwards the favouritc rcsidencc of IVILLIA,I
.III.], which stands on the side of a thick wood within musket
-shot of the way we were [intcnded] to take through the said
vood: [it] being very narrow and hemmed in, on- both sides,
veith exceeding thick underwood (such, as I guess, as those
dangerous places of Ireland). The enemy ri'oto the Castle
first shewed themselves: and then came out towards the
place, along the skirt of the wood, to gall our men and horses
in their passage, with such bravery, as I might well perceive
they were not of the ordinary garrison.
I first sent out some few Shot [infantry with muskcts] to
beat them back ; giving order to our Vanguard in the mean-
time, to enter the passage, the Dutch footmen to follmv them,
and the horsemen, and the carriages [waggons] : with orders
to pass xvith all diligence to the other side of the place, and
then to make a stand, until the rest of the troops xvere corne
up to them; keeping with myself, who stayed in the Rear-
mard, 5 ° horse, 6 trumpeters, and all the English foot.

68 TIIE SPANIARDS DRIVEN BACK TO TIIE CASTLE. Sit. v«,-
66-

In the meantime, the enemy seconded [reinforced] their
troops of Shot, to the number 4oo or 5oo ; insomuch as I was
forced to tuln upon greater numbers with resolution to beat
them home to their castle: which vas so thoroughly per-
formed, that, afterwards, they gave us leave to pass more
quietly.
\Vhen the rest of the troops vere passed, I ruade the
English enter the strait [ravhe]: vho were divided into
two troops ; of vhich I took ioo men with 6 drums, placing
them in the rearward of ail; myself vith the 5 ° horse,
marching betvixt them and the rest of the English footmen.
This strait is about a quarter of an English toile long :
and hath, about the middle of it, another way vhich cometh
into it from Alpen, a small town hot far off.
\Vhen we were past this cross vay, ve might hear a great
6bout of men's voices redoubled twice or thrice, as the Spanish
manner is, vhen they go to charge: but, by reason of the
narrowness and crookedness of the place, had no sight of
them.
I presently caused the troops to march faster; and vitha}
gave order to the trumpeters and drums that vere with me,
to stand, and sound a Charge : vhereupon there grew a great
stillness amongst the enemy; who, as I afferwards under-
stood by themselves,, ruade a stand expecting to be charged.
In the meantime, we vent as fast from them as ve could,
till we had gotten the plain. Then having" ridlden] to the
head of the troops, who vere then in their long and single
orders, and giving directions for the embattling of them, and the
turning their faces towards the strait, and the mouth of pieces
also ; and so riding along the troops of English towards the
place, I might see from the plain, which was somewhat high
raised over the woods which were not tall, the enemy coming
in great haste, over a bridge some eightscore [yards] within
the strait, with ensigns [colours] displayed, very thickly
thronged together; and, in a trice, they shewed themselves
in the mouth of the strait.
My hindermost troops, which were then near the strait,
were yet in their long order : and with the suddenness of the
sight somewhat amazed. Insomuch that a Captain, well
reputed and that had, the very same day, behaved himself
very valiantly, though he sav me directing as became me,

Sir F. Vere.']
WAS NEVER LESS TO SEEK '' 69

often asked What he should do ? till, shortly and roughly, as
his importunity and the rime required I told him, that "I
xvas never less to seek [i.e., ncvcr had lcss trouble fo t,,ow what
to dol ! " that " he therefore should go to his place, and do
as I had commanded, till further orders."
And so doubting [f«aring] the enemy would get the plain
before my troops would be thoroughly ordered to o against
them; I took some of the hinder ranks of the Pikes, and
some Shot, with which I ruade out to the strait's mouth, [at] a
great pace, willing the rest to follow : whereupon the enemy
ruade a stand, as it were doubtful to corne on ; and so I came
presently to the push of pike with them.
\Vhere, at the first encounter, my horse being slain under
me with a blow of a pike, and falling on me so as I could hot
suddenly fise, I lay as betwixt both troops till our men had
ruade the enemy give back; receiving a hurt in my leg, and
divers thrusts with pikes through my garments.
It was very hard fought on both sides, till out Shot spread-
ing themselves along the skirt of the wood, as I had before
directed, flanked and sore galled the enemy: so that they
could no longer endure, but were forced to give back : which
they did without any great disorder, in troop. And, as theywere
hard followed by out men, they turned and ruade head man-
fully; which they did four several rimes before they broke:
and, at last, they flang away their arms, and scattered
asunder, thrusting themselves into the thickets; for back-
wards, they could not flee, the way being stopped by their
own men.
I commanded the men hot to disband [scatter], but to pur-
sue them; and passing forward, easily discomfited the 5oo
horsemen, who presently left their horses, and fled into the
bushes: anaongst whom, it was said the Marquis of \¥2XRREN-
BON was in person ; for the horse he was mounted on, was
then taken amongst the test.
The horsemen who fled into the thick[et]s, we followed
hot: but went on the straight way, till we encountered with
the 24 companies of Neapolitans; who discouraged with our
success, ruade no great resistance. \Ve took 18 of their
ensigns [colo,rs], and ruade a great slaughter of their men, till
we had recovered the bridge before mentioned of them.
My troop being small of itself, ruade less by this fight, and

70 400 ENGLISH KILL 800 SPANIARDS. [-SlrF'Ve*«'. 6.

less by the covetousness of the soldiers (wbereof a good part
could no longer be kept from rifling the enemy and taking
horses); I thought good, not to pursue the enemy further
than the said bridge: where, having ruade a stand till our
men had taken full spoil of all behind us, the enemy hot once
so much as shewing himself; night growing on, I ruade my
retreat, and two hours after sunset, came with the troops
into the town of t3erg.
T.his fight was begun and ended with one of the two
English troops [battalions of infantry], which could not exceed
400 men: the other, which Sir 0LIVER LAMBERT led, only
following, and sbewing itself in good order, and ready if
occasion requil'ed ; the Netherlanders remaining in the plain,
with the horsemen and the Count 0VERSTEIN.
The enemy lost about 800 men [kiIled] ; and by an Italian
Lieutenant of Horsemen, who was the only man taken alive,
I understood, that Count I,[ANSFELDT xvas newly, before this
encounter, alTived ; and had joined his forces with those of
the Marquis of \VAIREIB01% in which were all the Spanish
regiments making 220 ensigns, besides other forces : so that
the whole strength was supposed to be 13,ooo or 14,ooo foot,
and 1,2oo horse, of their oldest and best soldiers.
They had intelligence of out coming, but expected us the
way we had taken before ; and ruade all speed to impeach us
by cutting off tbis passage, sending tbose harquebussiers w,
first met with by the Castle, to entertain us in skirmish.
Presently, upon my coming to 13erg, though in great pain
with my wound, we fell to deliberation xvhat was to be done.
\Ve knew the enemy's strenh, and the danger ve were to
abide in retuming : and to stay in the town xvere to hasten
the loss of it, by eating the provisions we had brought.
Of the two, we chose rather to return. And so giving order
for the change of garrison and refreshing our men, and
bestowing those who were hurt, on the empty carriages; by
the break of day, the morning being very foggy and misty,
ve set forward, in as secret manner as we could, taking
the open and broader way: without sight of any enemy till
about noon, when some troops of horse discovered themselves
afar off, upon a very spacious heath, and gave us only the
looking on. o that, without any impeachment, we arrived,
that night, at the fort before Rees.

Si,- F Vere.'] SIMULTANEOUS ASSAULTS ON LITKENHOOVEN. 7 I
I xSo5.J

Thc rclt'evhtg" of the Castle of Litkenhoovcn.

N THE year of out" Lord 159o, in the Castle oI
Litkenhooven in the Fort of Recklinghausen,
there was a garrison of the States' soldiers besieged
by the people of that country, aided vith some
good number of the Duke of CLEVE'S, the
Bishops of Cologne and Paderborn's soldiers, vhom they call
Hanniveers.
The States gave me order, with some companies of English
foot, fo the number of 7oo or 8oo, and 5oo Horse, togo fo the
relief of the said Castle: vhich I accepted, marching with
all possible speed, in good hope to have surprised them at
unavares. Arriving there one morning by break of day; I
found the chieftroop was dislodged, and that they [thegarrison]
wrought hard upon a fort before the entry of the Castle
in vhich they had left good store of men.
I did expect fo have round them without any entrenchment,
and therefore had brought no provision of artillery or scaling
ladders: without the vhich, it seemed very dangerous and
difficult fo carry it by assault. [The entrcnchment] vas
reared of a good height vith earth, and then with gabions
thereupon, of six feet high, vhich made if almost unmount-
able: and fo besiege them, I had no provision of victuals.
So that I was fo return without making of any attempt ; or
to attempt in a manner against reason : which notwithstand-
ing, I resolved to adventure.
And therefore, dividing the English troops into eight parts,
I conveyed them as secretly as I could, so as tvo of these
troops might readily assault every corner of the said Fort,
being a square of four small bulwarks [bastions or battcrics],
but with a distance betwixt the troops: to give on each
corner with a signal of drums, af which, the first four troops
should go fo the assault; and another signal fo the other four
troops to second [su]]wrt], if need required.
While this was in doing, I sent a drum, to summon them
of the Fort to yield : who sent me xvord, " They would first
see my artillery."
I sav by their fashion, there xvas no good fo be done by
entreaty: 3-et fo amuse them, I sent them word, "The

ÇSir F. Vere.
7 2 aSxTTACK ON TIIE FORT NEAR BURICK. t_ . x6o6.

artillery was not yet arrived. If they ruade me stay the
coming of it, I would give them no conditions ! "
They answered, " That I should do my vorst !"
At the very instant of my drum's return, I gave the signal,
and the troops speedily gave upon the Fort, as I had ap-
pointed them. Though they did their utmost endeavours,
they did find more resistance than they were able to overcome:
nevertheless, I gave them no second [rcioEorcemcnt] till I
might perceive those within had spent their ready powder in
their furnitures. At which time, I gave the second signal;
which vas well and willingly obeyed, and gave such courage
to the first troops, that the assault was more eager on ail
hands ; insomuch that one soldier helping another, some got
to the top of the rampires [ramparts] : at which, the enemy
gave back, so that the vay became more easy for others fo
climb to the top; and so finally, the place was forced, and
ail the men put to the svord, being in number 35 o, ail chosen
men, with the loss and hurting of about 8o of my men.

The place thus succoured, and my men refreshed for some
fev days, I returned homewards : and round in mv way, that
I3urick a small town of Cleve, and a little fort on tÏaat side the
Rhine, were in the meantime surprise&
The enemy then held a Royal Fort not far ri'oto Wesel,
which served to favour the passage of his forces over the
Rhine. This place, I understood by those of Wesel, fo be
slenderly provided of victuals, so as they had but fo serve
them ri'oto hand to mouth, out of the town ; and that their
store of powder vas small.
I knev the service would be acceptable to the States, if I
could take that Piece from the enemy ; and therefore resolved
to do vhat lay in me.
I first appointed a guard of horse and foot to hinder their
recourse to the town, for their provisions.
Then passing into the town of Burick ; vith such stuff as
I could get on a sudden, and such workmen, I began to make
ladders, so as, the night following, I had forty ladders in
readiness, upon which two men [at a time] might go in front.
For I being so xveak, and the enemy having the alarm of my
being abroad, I vas to expect their coming: so as it was
hot for me to linger upon the starving of those of the Fort.

SlrF. V««'] THE FIRST ESCALADE ON TIIE FORT FAIL.% 7,3
. x6o6._]

With this provision, I resolved to give a scalado to the
Fort : which as it was high of rampire ; so had it had neither
water in the ditch, nor pallisado to hinder us.
The Fort was spacious, capable of [holding] ,5oo men, and
had had four very royal Bulwarks [bastions] ; upon one of
which, I purposed to give an attempt, and only false alarms
on the other quarters of the Fort. And to this end, for
avoiding confusion in the carriage, rearing, planting, and
scaling ; as also for the more speedy and round execution : I
appointed eight men to every ladder, to bear, plant, and mount
the same; vhereof four vere Shot, and four Pikes, one of
either sort to mount a-front.
And being corne near the Fort, in a place convenient fo
range the men ; they were divided into two parts, and ranged
a-front [in line]; with commandment, upon a signal given,
the one half to give upon one face of the bulwark, the other
upon the other: vhich they did accordingly, and gave a furious
attempt, mounting the ladders and fighting at the top of
them ; the enemy being ready to receive us. But by reason
many of the ladders (vhich were made, as I said, in haste
and of such stuff as could be gotten on a sudden) were hot
of sufficient strength : they broke with the xveight and stirring
of the men.
Seeing no likelihood to prevail, and the day now growing
on; I caused our men to retire, and to bring avay with
them their ladders that were whole: with no great harm
done to our men, by reason the enemy, being diverted by the
false alarms, did hot flank us; neither if they had played
h'om the Flanks [bastions] with small shot, could they have
done any great hurt, by reason of the distance. The most
hurt xve had, was with blows on the head from the place we
attempted, both with weapons and stones: for the journey
being long, to ease the soldiers, they had brought forth no
morions [helmets].
I therefore, purposing hot to give over the enterprise,
provided headpieces for them in the tovn of Wesel, and used
such diligence that, before the next morning, I was again
furnished with ladders, and in greater number. For I had
persuaded the horsemen, that were well armed for the pur-
pose with their pistols, to take some ladders also, and be
ready to give the scalado in the same manner: but some-

74TIIE GARRISON SURRENDER TIIt FORT.

what later, for even then day began to break; vhich not
giving us rime to persevere in the attempt, was the only
hindrance of our victory.
For our Shot having orders, when they came fo the top of
the ladders, hot to enter, but taking the top of the vall for a
breast [work] and safeguard, to shoot at the enemy fighting
at the vork side and standing in the hollov of the bulwark,
till the saine were cleared of defendants, for fo enter more
assuredly: which manner of asaulting, though it be not
ordinary, yet well considered, is of wonderful advantage.
For having the outside of both the faces of the Bulwark
hot flanked as I said before, on their backs, vhich in the
darkness of the night, and for the alarms given on the other
parts, they could not see or intend.
And in this manner having galled and driven many of the
enemy ff'oto the wall ; and being in a manner ready to enter:
day came upon us, and the enemy having discovered us from
the other flanks, turned both small and great shot against us ;
so as we were forced to retire, carrying our ladders with us,
with less loss than the day before in the fight, though more
in the retreat by reason of the daylight.
The same day, I provided more ladders, purposing, the
next morning, to try fortune again : when, in the evening,
the Governor of the Fort, by a drum [drummer] wrote me a
letter complaining that, against the ordinary proceedings of
men of war, I assaulted before I summoned : and the drum in
mine ear told me, that " if I would but do them the honour
to shew them any piece of ordnance, I should quickly have
the Fort !"
t3y which drawing of theirs, I perceived they vere in fear,
and in discretion thougbt it meeter to make my advantage
thereof, by drawing them to yield, than to despair them, to my
greater loss, by further attempting to carry them by force.
And so, taking a piece out of the tovn of t3urick, I planted
the saine before morning; and, by break of day, sent a
trumpet to summon them to yield.
\Vhich they assented to, so they might l:ass away vith
their arms : which I granted.
And so they came forth, the same morning ; two companies
of Almains [Germans] and two hall companies of Italians:
being nearly as strong in number as those that attempted

$irF'.Vere.-] 6o6._] SOLDIERS DRESSED AS MARKET. WOMEN. 75

them ; for besides the English, I used none, but some few
horsemen.
Most of their officers were hurt and slain, and of the
soldiers, more than of mine.
This is truc, I therefore let it be thought, that hovsoever
this attempt may seem rash vith the ordinary proceedings of
other Captains ; yet, notwithstanding, I was confident upon
a certain and infallible discourse of reason.
In the place, I found four double-cannon, with a pretty
store of arnnmunition and victuals.
The saine night, I and the troops vere counterrnanded by
the States : but I left the place with some guard and a better
;tore of necessaries, before rny departure.

"he surise of Zulheiz çcouce.

N THE year of our Lord 1591, I lying then at
Doesburg, with the English forces ; the Count
MAvIICE vrote unto me, that, by a certain day,
he would be, with his forces, before Zutphen, to
besiege the sarne, willing me, the night before,
with rny troops of horse and foot of that country [Dutch
trools], to beset the town on the sarne side of the river on
xvhich it standeth.
On the saine side, those of the town held a Fort, xvhich
rnade rny Lord of LISlCESTISR lose rnany rnen and rnuch tirne
before he could get it.
The Fort I thought necessary to take ri'oto the enemy,
before he had knowledge of our purpose to besiege him : and
because I vanted force to work it by open rneans, I put this
sleigh following in practice.
I chose a good nurnber of lusty and hardy young soldiers,
the rnost of which, I apparelled like the country vornen of
those parts; the rest, like the men: and gave to sorne,
baskets; to others packs, and such burdens as the people
usually carry to the rnarket ; with pistols, short svords, and
daggers under their garrnents. \Villing thern, by two or
three in a cornpany, by break of day, to be at the ferry at
Zutphen, which is just against the Fort, as if they stayed for

7 6 VERE DEFEIDS A BRIDGE OF BO..TS ALL NIGHT. ESir F Ve're.
. 16o6.

the passage boat of the town : and bade them to sit and test
themselves, in the meantime, as near the gate of the Fort as
they could for avoiding suspicion; and to seize upon the
saine, as soon as it was opened.
Which took so good effect, that they possessed the entry
of the Fort, and beld the saine till an officer with 2oo
soldiers, who were laid in a covert hot far off, came to their
seconds [supports] ; and so became fully masters of the place.
By which means, the siege of the town afterwards proved
the shorter.

T]e si¢e of Deeentc,:

N "rlJE siege of Deventer, by reason of the shortness
of a bridge of boats laid over the ditch, for our
men to go to the assault ; the troops could hot so
roundly [quicMyi pass as had been requisite, and
so were forced to retire with no small loss.
The Count M,tURICE was so discouraged, that he proposed,
that night, fo have wlthdrawn his ordnance.
I desired that he would have patience, till the next day;
and resolve in the morning to begin the battery again, for
rive or six volleys, and then to summon them : assuring him
that I would guard the bridge that night, if tbe enemy should
attempt to burn it : as they did, though in vain.
The Count I[AURICE liked well of the advice, and it had
good success : for upon the summons, they yielded.
Their tovn had no Flank on that part. The wall, which
was of brick, without any rampire, was in a manner razed
to the foundation; and the tovn so close behind it, that they
could hot make any new defences : which, as they might be
just causes of discouragement to the besieged; so they ruade
me confident that, with this shev of perseverance, they would
yield.
The Count I-IERMAN of 13erg, who commanded the town,
was sore bruised with a cannon. There marched of the
enemy out with him, 7oo or Soo able men. Amongst which,
was an English Gentleman, vhom, for his using unreverent
andslanderous speeches of Her Majesty, I had long held in
prison: out of wbich, he had, during that siege, ruade an

F. Vee.- 1X' '
? xSo5.j--v-lL S STRATAGEM AGAINSTTHE DUKE OF PARMA. 7 7

escape. He was excepted in the Composition, taken fl'om
them, and executed as he well descrved, hot for his first, but
his second offence.

'Ie defeat given la tle DztL'e of .P..m,:m
at I(nodsen3m fi'orL

N THE year of our Lord 1591, whilst the Count
[AURICE was busied in Friesland, and with good
success took many forts, as Delfziel, and others
about Groeningen, the Duke of PARMA passed
with his army into tire I3etuwe, and besieged the
Fort on that side the river, upon the ferry to Nimeguen.
XYhereupon the States countermanded the Count MAURICE,
with their forces ; who, being corne to Arnheim, encamped in
the Betuwe, right over against that town.
The Duke still continuing his siege, the States, who were
then present at Arnheim (desirous us to hinder his purpose, if
it were possible) in their Assemby, to which I was caled with
the Count fAURICE, propounded the marrer, and insisted
to have something exploited [achieved] : though we had laid
before them the advantage the enemy had of us, in the number
of his men, the strength of his encamping, as well by the
site of the country as entrenchments. So as much rime was
spent, and the Council dissolved without resolution upon
any special enterprise : albeit, in general, the Count IIAURICE
and the men of war agreed to do their utmost endeavour,
for the annoying and hindering of the enemy.
I had observed by the enemy's daily coming" with good
troops of horse, and forcing of out scouts [videttcs], that thej
were likely to bite at any bait that was cunningly laid for
them; and therefore, having informed mysef of the ways
and passages to their army, and projected with myself a
probable plot to do some good on them, I brake the saine to
the Count I[AURICE : who liked my device well, and recom-
mended to me the execution thereof; giving me the troops
I demanded, vhich were 1,2oo foot and 500 horse.
The distance betwixt the two armies was about four or
rive English toiles ; to the which there lay two ready ways

78 VERE'S CAVALR¥ ATTACK PARMA'S OUTPOSTS. ESlr,F.. Vere.

serving for the intercourse betwixt Arnheim and Nimeguen :
the one a dike or causeway which was narrower, and most
used in winter, by reason of the lowness and miriness of the
country; the other larger [broadcr]: both hemmed in with
overgrown ditches and deep ditches.
Nearly half a toile ffoto the quarters, this causeway was to
be passed to come to the other way, which led to the main
quarters of the enemy, where most of his horse lay. About
two-thirds of the way ff'oto out camp, there was a bridge.
To this bridge I marched early in the morning, sending
forthwith towards tbe enemy's camp 2o0 light and well-
mounted horse, with orders to beat [drive in] the guards of
the enemy's horse, even to their very quarters, and guards of
foot; to take such spoil and prisoners as lay ready in their
way: and so to make their retreat, if they were followed,
more speedily ; otherwise at an ordinary marching pace.
In the meantime I divided my footmen into two parts,
whereof, one I laid near the hither side of the bridge, in a
place very covert; the other, a quarter of a toile behind:
nd in the rearward of them, the rest of my horse.
If the enemy came in the tail of out horse (whom for
that purpose I had appointed, as beforesaid, to come more
leisurely, that the enemy might have rime to get to horse), I
knew they could bring no footmen: and therefore was
esolved to receive betwixt my troops of foot, all the horse-
men they could send. But if they pursued not our men in
the heat, I judged they would either corne with good numbers
of both kinds of men ordered lin ordcr], or not at all. And if
they came with good advice, that they would rather seek to
-cut off my passage near home, by the causeway and higher
way, than to follow me directly. For the better preventing
whereof, the Count MAURICE himself, with a choice part of the
horse and foot of the army, was to attend af the crossway fo
favour my retreat.
My horsemen, about noon, gave the enemy the alarm ; and
according to their directions, made their retreat, no enemy
appearing. \Vhereupon I also retired with the rest of the
troops till I came to the crossway, where I round the Count
MAURIeE with his troops.
In the head of which, towards the way of the causeway,
with some distance betwixt his troops and mine, I ruade a

sil.v«] THE DUKE OF PARMA GIVES UP TIIE SIEGE. 79

stand in a little field by the side of the way, where they were
at covert.
We had hot been here half-an-hour, but our scouts brought
word the enemy vere at hand: which Count iXIAURICE'S
horsemen hearing, without any orders, as every one could
get forem9t, to the number of 7o0 or 800, they ruade vith
ail speed towards the enemy.
I presumed, and said, " They would return faster, and in
more disorder!" as it fell out. For the enemy coming as
fast towards them, but in better order, put them presently in
rout: and the greater the number was, the more was the
amazement and confusion. Thus they passed by us, with
the enemy at their heels, laying on them.
I knew not what other troops they had at hand, nor what
discouragements this sight might put into the minds of our
men; and therefore (vhereas I purposed to have let the
enemy pass, if this unlooked di»order had hot happened
amongst our horsemen) I shewed my troops on their flanks,
and galled them both with Shot and Pikes ; so that they not
only left pursuing their chase, but turned their backs.
Which our horsemen perceiving, followed, and thus revenged
themselves to the full; for they never gave over until they
had wholly defeated the troop, vhich was of 80o horse : of
which, they brought betvixt 5oo and 300 prisoners, whereof
divers were Captains, as Don ALPHONSO I'AVALOS, FRADILLA,
and others ; with divers Cornets, and about 500 horses.
This defeat so troubled the Duke of PARerA, that, though
so forward in his siege, and having filled part of the ditch of
the Fort, he retired his army thence, and passed the river
-of Waal a little above Nimeguen, with more dishonour than
_in any action that he had undertaken in these wars.

77e Clis [Cdiz] ourney.

N THE year of our Lord 1596, I was sent for
into I'.'ngland, at that time when the journey
to the Coast of Spain vas resolved on:
which because of the taldng of Calis, was,
after, commonly called the Calis [Cadiz]
Journey.
I returned speedily into the Low Countries,
with Letters of Credence from Her Majesty,
to acquaint them witl Her Majesty's purpose, and to hasten
the preparation of the shipping they had already promiseà.
to attend Her Majesty's Fleet in those eas: xvithal to let
them know Her Majesty's desire to have 2,ooo of ber own
subjects, as well of those in their pay as her mvn, to be
employed in that action, and to be conducted by me, to.
the Earl of EssEx and the Lord Admiral of England'
[Lord HOW,ID of E.Oïngham], Generals of that action, by
joint Commission.
Whereunto the 8tates assented: and I (according to my
instructiont; given me in that behalÛ, by the rime appointed,
shipped and transported to the rîndezvolts vhich was assigned
me before Boulogne on the coast of France, by reason that
Calais in France was then besieged by the Cardinal ALBERT.
Upon that occasion, it was resolved to have employed this
army for the succour and relief thereof ; but coming into that
road [Boulogne], I found no shipping of ours: and under-
standing that Calais was yielded the day belote, I crossed the
sea to Dover, where I found the whole Fleet, and the
Generals ; who received me with much joy and favour, being
then, though far unworthy of so weighty a charge, chosen to-

Sir F. Vere.'] VERE COACHES LORD ESSEX IN TACTICS, C. 8 I
? x6o6._]

supply the place of Lieutenant General [second in command]
of the Army, by the name and title of Lord Marshal.
The Fleet set sali shortly after, and my Lord of EssEx,
leaving his own ship, ernbarked himself in the Rainbow with
myself and some few of his ordinary attendant servants ; of
purpose, as I suppose, to confer with me af the fu]l and at
ease, of his Journey.
After two days' sailing, his Lordship landed at Beachirn,
near Rye, with divers other noblemen that he had, attending
him so far on his Journey.
He took me along with him to the Court; and thence
despatched me to Plymouth, vhither rnost of the [other] land
forces were to march, to see them lodged, provided with
necessaries, trained, and ordered [marshalled into comÆades,
&c.] ; which I did accordingly: to the great contentment of
the Generals, when, af their corning, they saw the readiness
of the men, which were then exercised before them.
During the stay of this Army near Plyrnouth, which (by
reason of the contrariety of wind) was nearly a month, it
pleased my Lord of EssEx to give me much countenance, and
to have me always near him ; which drew upon me no small
envy, insomuch as some open jars fell out betwixt Sir
WALTER RALEIGH, then Rear-Admiral of the Navy, Sir
CONNIERS CLIFFORD, Serjeant-Major General of the Army,
and myself: which the General qualified for the time, and
ordered that in all meetings af land, I should have the
precedence of Sir \MALTER RALEIGH ; and he, of me at sea.
[As toi Sir CONNIERS CLIFFORD, though there were
grudging, there could be no cornpetition. Yet being a man
of haughty stomach, and hot of the greatest government or
experience in martial discipline, lest ignorance or will might
mislead him in the execution of his Office, and to give a rule
to the test of the High Officers, who were chosen rather for
favour, than for long continuance in service ; fo the better
directing of them in their duties, as also for the more readiness
in the General himself, to judge and distinguish upon all
occasions of controversy : I propounded to my Lord of ESSEX,
as a thing most necessary, the setting down in writing what
belonged properly to every Office in the field. \Vhich notion
his Lordship liked well, and at several times in the
morning, his Lordship and myself being together, he, with
Na. GR. Vil. 6

82 TIIE EXPEDITION ARRIVES IN CADIZ I3AY.
z6o6.

his oxvn hand, wrote xvhat my industry and experience had
ruade me able to deliver : xvhich was afterxvards copied, and
delivered severally to tbe Officers; and took so good effect
that no question arose in that behalf, during the Journey.
[It is quite clear that VERE was used fo teach this army the A ri
of War, as he had lcarnt if by actual exbericnce in the Netherlanàç.]
The vind serving, and the troops shipped, I embarked in
the foresaid Rainbow, as Vice-Admiral of my Lord of ESSEX'S
Squadron.
The one and twentieth day after, being as I take it, the
Ist of July [o.s.], the Fleet arrived early in the morning
before Calis-Malis !the cit.), of Cadiz], and shortly after, came
to an anchor as near the Caletta as the depth would suffer us.
In the mouth of the bay, thvart of the rocks called Los
pttcrcos, there lay, to our judgement, 4 ° or 5o tall ships;
whereof four were of the King's greatest and varlikest galleons,
eighteen merchant ships of the \Vest Indian Fleet outxvard
bound and richly laden ; and the rest vere private merchant
ships.
I3ecause it vas thought these could not escape us in putting
to sea, the first project of landing our men in the Caletta
went on : and so tbe troops appointed for that purpose, were
embarked in our barges and long-boats. But the vind
bloving hard, the landing was thought too dangerous; the
rather for that the enemy shewed themselves on the shore,
vith goed troops of horse and foot.
Notvithstanding, in hope the weatber would taire, the
men were still kept in the boats, at the ships' sterns.
This day, the Generals met hOt together: but the Lord
Admiral had most of the sea officers aboard vith him, as the
Lord of ESSEX had those for land service ; and Sir \VALTER
IALEIGIt vas sent to and fro betwixt them with messages.
8o that, in the end, it vas resolved and agreed upon, to put,
the next tide, into the ]3ay : and after the defeating of the
enemy's fleet, to land our men between the town [Cadiz] and
Punthal ; without setting down any more particular directions
for the execution thereof.
I then told my Lord of ESSEX that mine was a floaty
[light of draught] ship, and well appointed for that service,
that, " therefore, if his Lordship pleased ! I vas desirous to
put in before his Lordship, and the other ships of greater

s,r.w,.-I THEV FIND 4 ° OR 50 StIIPS IN TIIE ]AY. 83
,6o6. 3

burden." To which his Lordship answered suddenly, that
" In any case, I should not go in before him !"
\Vith this, I and the rest of the officers went fo our ships,
to prepare ourselves.
I took my company of soldiers out of the boats into my ship :
for their more safety, and better strengthening of my ship.
And because we had anchored more to the north of the
Fleet, more astern, and to the leeward of the Fleet as the
wind then blew, than any other ship; I thought to recover
these disadvantages by a speedier losing of my anchor than
the rest. And, therefore, hot attending to the General's
signal and warning, so soon as the ride began to favour my
purpose, I fell to veighing my anchor.
But the wind was so great, and the billows so high, that
the capstan, being too strong for my men, cast them against
the ship's side, and spoiled [hurt] many of them; so that
after many attempts to wind up the anchor, I ,,'as forced to
cut cable in the hawse. \Vhen I was under sail, I plied
only to windward, lying off and on from the mouth of the
Bay to the sea, which lieth near at hand, east and west : by
that means gathering nearer to the Fleet.
The Lord "I'HOMAS HOWARD, Vice-Admiral of the Fleet,
with some few other ships, set sail also, beating off and on
before the mouth of the Bay ; but the General, and most of
the Fleet kept their anchors still.
The tide being far spent, loth to be driven again to the
leeward of the Fleet, and to endanger another cable, and
perchance the ship itself on that shore, which was fiat and
near; and the benefit of entering the Bay with the first,
which was not the least consideration: I resolved to put
into the mouth of the Bay as near to the enemy's fleet as I
could without engaging fight, and there fo cast anchor by
them; xvhich I did accordingly. So that they ruade a shot
or two at me; but since I ruade no answer, they left off
shooting.
I was no sooner corne to anchor, but the Generals set sail,
and the rest of the Fleet; and bare directly towards me,
where they also anchored.
It was now late ere the Flag of " Council !" ,vas shewn in
my Lord Admiral's ship; whither my Lord of ESSEX and
the rest of the Officers repaired ; and there it was resolved,

[" F. Vere.
TIrE l_412'Botv FIGHTS I 7 GALLEYS AT ONCE. L t ,6o6.

the next morning, with the ride fo enter the Bay, and board
the Spanish ships, if they abode it. And ships of ours were
appointed to begin this service, some to keep the channel
and midst of the Bay ; and others more floaty, to bear nearer
the town to intercept the shipping that should retire that
vay, and hinder the galleys from beating on the flanks of
out great ships.
I was not allotted with my ship to any special service or
attendance. My desire was great, having till that rime been
a stranger fo actions af sea, to appear willing to embrace
the occasions that offered themselves; and therefore wound
my ship up to ber anchor, to be the more ready to set sail in
the lnorning with the beginning of the flood.
The Spanish ships set sail, and ruade fo the bottom of the
Bay, rather driving than sailing ; our ships following as fast
as they could.
As the Spanish ships loosed from their anchors and ruade
from us : their galleys, seventeen in number, under the favour
[cover3 of the town, ruade towards us ranged in good order.
My ship (as before said) was floaty, stored with ordnance,
and proper for that service ; which made me hasten towards
them, without staying for any company. Indeed, my readi-
ness was such, by reason of my riding with my anchor a-pike
[taut', that no other ship could corne near me by a great
distance. So I entered fight with them alone, and so galled
them with my ordnance, which was cannon and demi-cannon,
that they gave back, keeping still in order and in fight with
me, drawing as near the town as they could: and with
puapose, as I thought, as our ships thrust further into the
Bay, to have fallen upon our smaller ships in the tail of the
whole Fleet ; and having ruade a hand with them, so to bave
put to the seavard of us the better to annoy us, and save
themselves faoto being locked up.
\\'herein fo prevent them, I ruade toward the shore, still
sounding xvith our leads till the ordnance of the town might
reach me, and I the shore, with naine. Insomuch as I put
them from under the town, and took certain ships xvhich rode
there at anchor forsaken of their men ; and followed them,
continuing fight till they came under the Fort of the
Punthal : where, thwart the bottom of the Bay, which was
hOt broad, lay their four great ships, with a pretty distance

SiV. Ver«-I TIIE FOUR GALLEONS ARE ABANDONED. 8 5
. z66./

betwixt them, spreading the breadth of the channel, and
at an anchor; and were now in hot fight of ordnance with
our Fleet.
I was nearer Punthal and the shore of Calis by much,
than any ship of the Fleet, and further advanced into the
Bay. So that now growing within shot of the fort which lay
on my right hand ; and in like distance to the galleons on the
left hand, and having the galleys ahead of me, betwixt them
all, I waspliedwith shot on all sides very roundly: yet I resolved
to go on, knowing I had good seconds [support] and that
"many hands would make light work." But my company,
either wiser or more afraid than myself, on a sudden, un-
looked by me, let fall the anchor ; and by no means, would
be commanded or intreated to weigh it again.
In the meantime, Sir WALTER RALEIGH came upon my
left side, with his ship, and a very little ahead of me, cast
his anchor; as did also the Generals, and as many of the
Fleet as the channel would bear: so that the shooting of
ordnance was great ; and they held us good talk, by reason
their ships lay thwart with their broadsidestoward us, and most
of us, right ahead, so that we could use but out chasing pieces.
I sent my boat aboard Sir \VALtER tALEIGH, to fasten a
hawse to wind my ship, which was loosed soon after my boat
vas put off.
About me, the galleons let slip cable at the hawse, and
with the topsails wended and drew towards the shore on the
leff hand of the Bay ; and the Indian Fleet vith the rest of
the shipping did the like, more within the Bay.
It was no following of them vith our great ships [wl»ich
were too dee]) in the water] ; and therefore I went aboard my
Lord of ESSEX, vhose ship lay tovards that side of the
channel, to see what further orders would be given.
At my coming aboard, the galleons were run on ground
near the shore ; and their men, some in their boats, began to
forsake their ships.
I was then bold to say to my Lord of EssEx, that " it was
high rime to send his small shipping to board them: for
othervise they would be fired by their own men." \Vhich
his Lordship round reasonable, and presently sent his
directions accordingly. And in the meantime, sent Sir
"VILLIAM CONSTABLE with some long-boats full of soldiers;

86 5 REGIMENTS (2,000 MEN) LAND AT PUNTIIAL.

which lais Lordship had towed at lais stern, since the first
embarking, to have landed at the Caletta.
But notxvithstanding he ruade all baste possible, before he
could get to the galleons, txvo of them were set on tire ; and
the other two, by this means saved and taken, xvere utterly
fl»rsaken of tlaeir men, xvho retired through the fens, to Puerto
de Santa Maria.
The Spanish Fleet thus set on ground, the prosecution of
that victory xvas committed to, and willingly undertaken by,
the sea forces by a principal Officer of the Fleet.
And because longer delay would increase the diflîculty of
landing our forces, by the resort of more people to Calis, it
was resolved forthwith to attempt the putting of out men on
shore; and to that end, commandment was given that ail
men appointed for that purpose should be embarked in the
long-boats: and that my Lord of ESSEX should first land
with those men which could be disembarked ; and then my
Lord Admiral to second [sxqblbort], and repair to the General,
who, the better to be known, would put out his flag in his
boat.
The troops that xvere first to land, were the regiments of
the General, my oxvn, and those of Sir CHRISTOVHER
BLUNT, Sir THOMAS GERRARD, and Six" CONNIERS CLIFFORD.
On the right hand, in a even front,with a competent distance
betwixt the boats, were ranged the two regiments first named ;
the other three on the left : so that every regiment and com-
pany of men weresorted, togetherwith their Colonels and chief
officers in nimble pinnaces, some in the head of the boats,
some at the stern, to keep good order. The General himself
with his boat, in which it pleased him to have me attend him,
and some other boats full of Gentlemen Adventurers and
choice men to attend lais person, rowed a pretty distance
before the rest : whom, at the signal given with a drum from
his boat, the rest were to follow according to the measure
and time of the sound of the said drum, which they xvere to
observing in the dipping of the oars; and to that end, there
was a general silence as well of warlike instruments as other-
wise.
Which order being duly followed, the troops came, all
together, to the shore betwixt Punthal and Calis ; and were
landed, and several regiments embattled in an instant, with-

Slr¢.V«re..'" n TIIE¥ SEIZE TIIE ISTIIMUS AT PtJNTHAL. 8 7
x6o6._[

out any encounter at ail: the Spaniards, who, all the day
before, shewed themselves with troops of horse and foot on
that part, as resolved fo impeach our landing, being clean
retired towards the town.
The number of the first disembarking was not fully 2,000
men ; for divers companies of those reg,.'ments, that had put
themselves into their ships again, could not be suddenly
ready, by reason the boats to land them, belonged to other
great ships. "
Calis on that side xvas walled, as it vere, in a rigbt line
thwart the land, so as the sea, on both sides [eMs] did beat
on the foot of the wall : which strength, together with the
populousness of the town (in which, besides the great con-
course of Gentlemen and others, upon the discovery of our
Fleet, and alarm of our ordnance; there was an ordinary
garrison of soldiers) had taken from us ail thought of forcing
it vithout battery. And therefore, being landed, we advanced
vith the troops to find a convenient place fo encamp, till my
Lord Admiral, xvith the rest of the forces, and the ordnance
were landed.
Being advanced with the troops half the breadth of the
neck ofthe land, which in that place is about half a toile
over, xve might perceive that, all along the seashore on the
other side of this neck of land, men on horseback and foot
repaired to the tovn: vhich intercourse if was thought
necessary to cut off. And, therefore, because the greatest
forces of the enemy xvere to corne from the land; it was
resolved on to lodge the better part of the army in the
narrowest of the neck, which, near Punthal, is hot broader
than an ordinary harquebus shot.
To vhich strait, Sir CONNIERS CLIFFORD was sent xvith
three regiments, viz., his own, Sir CHRISTOPHER BLUNT's,
and Sir THOMAS GERRARD'S, there to make a stand, to im-
peach the Spanial ds from coming to the toxvn, till he received
further orders for the quartering and lodging of his men.
\Vhich done, the Lord General, with the other two regi-
ments and his Company of Adventurers, vhich was of about
250 worthy Gentlemen ; in ail, hot fully a I,OOO men, ad-
vanced nearer the town, the better to discover the whole
ground before it.
And as we approached afar off, xve might perceive the enemy

88 VERE ARRANGES FOR A FALSE ATTACK. [Si,-F. Vere.

standing in battle under the favour of the town, with cornets
[standards of the cavalry] and ensigns [colours of the infantry]
displayed; tbrusting out some loose horse and foot towards
us, as it vere to procure a skirmish.
I, marking tbeir fashion, conceived hope of a speedier
gainingthe town than we intended, and wbere tben about;
and said to lais Lordship, at whose elbov I attended, that
"those men he saw standing in battle before the toxvn would
shew and make way for us into the town that night, if .they
were well bandled." And at the instant, I propounded the
means: wbicb was, to carry our troops as near and covertly
as migbt be, towards the town; and to see, bysome attempt,
if we could draw tbem to fight further ffoto the tovn, that
we might send them back with confusion and disorder, and
so bave the cutting of thcm in pieces in the tovn ditch, or
enter it by the saine vay they did.
His Lordship liked the project, and left the handling
thereof to me.
I presently caused the troops to march towards the other
side of the neck of land, because tbe ordinary and ready way
to the town lay on that side, lov and embayed to the foot of
the hilly downs, so as troops might march very closely from
the view of tbe town.
Tben I choseout2oo men,which vere committed to thecon-
duct of Sir JoH/q \,'INGFI ELD, a right valiant Knight, with orders
that he sbould march on roundly to the enemy where they
stood in battle, and to charge and drive to their Battles the
skirmishers : but if the enemy in gross proffered a charge, he
should make a hasty and fearful retreat, to their judgement,
the way he had gone, till he met with his seconds that
followed bim ; and then to turn short, and with the greatest
speed and fury he could, to charge the enemy.
Tbe seconds were of 300 men, led, as I remember, by Sir
IATTHEW IORGAN, who xvere to follow the first troops at a
good distance and so as both of them, till the enemy were
engaged, might not at once appear to them ; and to advance
with all diligence when the troops before them did retire, to
meet them, charge the enemy, and enter the town with them
pesle mesle [lhell mell].
\Vith tbe rest of the forces, his Lordship and I followed.
The place served well for our purpose, being covert [hid

Sirf. wr«-I
x6o6..l I,OOO ENGLISlIIIEN STORII CADIZ. 89

with trces] and of no advantage for their horsemen ; and the
directions were so well observed, that the enem3, xvere engaged
in following out first troop before they discovered the test.
And so in hope and assurance of victory, being, beyond ex-
pectation, lively encountered ; they tted in disorder towards
the town, so nearly followed of our men, that most of the
horsemen forsook their horses, and saved themselves, some
by the gares, others clambering over the xvalls, as did also
their footmen ; out men following them at the heels to the
very gate, which they round shut against them, and men
standing over it and upon the walls to resist us.
The ditch was very hollow but dry. Out of vhich was
raised a massy rampire, vith two round Half-13ulwarks, the
one towards the o:ae sea, the other towards the other; for
height and thickness, in their perfection, but not steeped and
scarped : so as it was very mountable, and lay close to the old
wall of the town, which somewhat overtopped it no higher
than, in many places, a man might reach with his hand.
To the top of the vampire, our men climbed ; who being,
for the most part, old and experienced soldiers, of the 13ands
[regiments] I brought out of the Loxv Countries, boldly at-
tempted to climb the wa!l, fi'om which they beat with their
shot, the defendants ; wanting no encouragements that good
example of the chiefs could give them, the General himself
being as forward as an3".
\Vhilst it was hard stroven and fought on that side, I sent a
Captain and countryman [of the saine county, Essex] of mine,
called UPSIqER, with some few men alongst the ditch, to sec
vhat guard was held along the wall towards the Bay-ward ;
and whether any casier entrance might be made that way or
not, willing him to bring or send me word: xvhich he did
accordingly, though the messenger came not unto me.
He found so slender a guard, that he entered the town with
those few men he had; vhich the enemy perceiving, fled
from the valls, and our men entered as fast on the other
side.
My Lord of ESSEX was one of the first that got over the
walls, followed by the soldiers as the place would give them
leave ; and such was their fur3,, being once entered, that as
they got in scatteringly, so they hasted towards the tovn,
without gathering [into] any strong and orderly body of men

9 ° TIIE SCATTERED FIGIITING INSIDE CADIZ. Siry Vere.
as in such case is requisite, or once endeavouring to open the
gare for more convenient entry for the test of the troops.
I, therefore, foreseeing what might ensue of this confusion,
held the third body of the men together ; and with much ado,
brake open the gate, by which I entered the town: and so
keeping the way that leads from the gare towards the town,
joined to my foot those men I met withal, scattered here and
there.
Not far from the Market Place, I round my Lord of EssEx
at a stand with 4 ° or 50 men; whence I might sec some
few of the enemy in the Market Place, which made me ad-
vance towards them, without attending any commandment :
who, upon my approaching, retired themselves into the
Town House ; whither I pursued them, broke open the gares,
and, after good resistance ruade bythe Spaniards in the upper
rooms of the House, became toaster of it.
In which, I left a guard, and went dovn into the Market
Place, and found my Lord of EssEx at the Town House door.
I humbly entreated his Lordship, to make that place secure,
and give me leave to scour and assure the rest of the town :
which I did accordingly.
And though I was but slackly and slenderly followed, by
reason of our men's greediness for spoil : yet such Spaniards
as I found making head, and coming towards the Market
Place, I drove back into the Fort St. Philip and the Abbey
of St. Francis.
Those of the Abbey yielded, to the number of 200 Gentle-
men and others ; and being disarmed were put into a chapel ;
and there left guarded. Those of St. Philip, it being now in
the evening, cried to us that " in the morning, they would

render the place." I3efore
guard ; and understanding by
no other place of strength
Market Place; I repaired to
tound in the Market Place,
him.

which also having put a
some prisoners that there was
but the Old Town near the
my Lord of EssEx, whom I
and the Lord Admiral with

And after I had ruade report upon xvhat terms things stood,
and where I had been : I went to the said Old Town to visit
the guards which were commanded by Sir EDARDCONWAY,
with part of the forces landed with my Lord Admiral; and
irom thence, to that part of the town where we entered.

Slrl:'. V .... "] TJE STUPIDIT r OF SIR CONNIERS CLIFFORD. 9
x6o6.J

And thus ail things in good assurance, I returned to the
Market Place ; where tbe test of the forces were, being held
toether to be readily employed upon ail occasions.
Their Lordships went up to the Town House, and there
gave G O D thanks for the victory: and, afterwards, all wounded
and bloody as he was, yet undressed Il.e., his wounds], gave
the honour of knighthood to Sir SaMVEt, BAGNaLt,, for his
especial merit and valour in that day's service.
The loss ",vas not very great on either side: for as the
Spanish troops that stood ordere I without tbe walls, got into
the town confusedlyand disorderly before we could mingle with
them ; so everyone, as he was counselled by fear or courage,
provided for his own safety, the most flying to the Old Town
and Castle.
Those that ruade head after the first entrance, being
scattered here and there; our men as they followed with
more courage than order, so encountered them in the like
scattering manner, falling straight to handstrokes : so that it
seemed rather an invard tumult and tovn fray than a fight
of so mighty nations.
The next day, the Old Tovn and the Fort of St. Philip
vere delivered unto us: and the people that vere in them,
except some principal prisoners, vere suffered to depart ; with
great courtesy sheved, especially fo the vomen of the better
sort. There vent out of tbe town, Gentlemen and otbers,
likely men to bear arms, betwixt 4,ooo and 5,ooo. The
brunt of this exploit xvas borne with less than I,OOO men.
\Ve could have no help of Sir CONNIERS CLIFFORD ; xvho
mistaking his directions, went, with lais troops to the bridge
caIled Punto Zuarro, about three leagues distant : and my Lord
Admiral, notwithstanding his Lordship used all possible dili-
gence in the landing of his men, arrived hot till we were, in
a manner, full masters of the town.
It was long disputed xvhether the town should be held or
hOt. I offered with 4,000 men, to defend it till Her Majesty's
pleasure might be knoxvn. The Lord of ESsEX seemed to
affect to remain there in person: which the test of the
Council would hot assent to, but [determined] rather to
abandon the town and set it on tire.
Which ve did, about fourteen days after the taking of it.
I got there, three prisoners worth IO,OOO ducats [Ç3,ooo -

92 SAILORS ARE CI1EATED OF TIIE INDI.\N FLEET. [F. Vere.., ,6o6.

/'I5,OOO ]OW]. One of which was a Churchman [ecclesiastic],
and President of the Contractation of the Indies : the other
two, were ancient Knights, called Don PEIRO mE HERERA
and Don GERONIMO DE AVALLOS.
In the meantime, whether of design and set purpose or
ne.ligence, the Indian Fleet, being unseized on by those who
had undertaken it ; some of the prisoners of the town dealt
[negotiat¢d] with the Generals fo have those ships and their
lading set af ransom. \Vhereupon, they had conference
with the Generals, divers rimes, tiil the said ships were set
on tire by the Spaniards themselves : in which was lost, by
their own confession, to the worth of 12,ooo,ooo [i.e., ducats -
'3,6oo,ooo -- about I8,OOO,OOO now] of merchandise.
The troops being embarked, the Generals met and consulted
upon their next exploit. It was long insisted on, to put to
sea, and lie to intercept the \Vest Indian Fleet, which com-
monly, at that rime of the year, ardveth on the coast of Spain.
But the scarceness of our victuals overthrew that purpose:
and resolution was taken to sail towards Ingland; and on
out way to visit the ports of that coast, and so to spoil and
destroy the shipping.
And so, first, we ruade towards Ferrol, a good town and
13ishop's see of Portugal [which country af this rime belonged lo
Slkain see Vol. III. . 3i : to which, by water, there was no
safe entrance for out shipping ; the town lying better than a
league from the sea, served with a narrow creek, though a
low and marshy bottom.
For the destroying of such shipping as might be in this
creek, as also for the wast[ng of the country adjoining, and
the town itself, vhich though if were reat and populous,
vas unfenced with walls; it was thouht meet to land the
forces in a bay, some three leagues distant from the town,
and so fo match thither.
\Vhich vas done; the tovn forsaken by the inhabitants,
vas taken by us. Out men being sent into the country,
brought good store of provisiors for the refreshing of the
army. The artillery we found, was conveyed into out ships.
And we, after rive or six days' stay, returned to out ships,
the way we came.
The regiments embattled marched at large, in a triple
front, in right good order; which was so much the more

SirF. Vere.']. 16o6.J THE RETURN OF "FILE IXPEDITION. 93

strange and commendahle, the men, for the most part, being
new : and once ranged, having little further help of directions
from the high Officers; who were all unmounted, and for the
great heat, not able to perform on foot the ordinary service
in such cases belonging to their charges.
The troops embarked, ve ruade tovards the Groine
[Corunna], and looked into the Bay, but the wind blowing
from the sea, if was thought dangerous to put in, and there-
fore, victuals daily grmving more scant so that in some ships
there was already extreme want, it was resolved fo hasten to
our coast : and so, about the midst of August, we arrived in
the Dovns, near Sandwich.
My Lord of ESSEX having taken land in the \Vest parts
[of England, to be with more speed at the Court, left orders
with me, for the dissolving of the land forces and shipping;
and sending back of the English forces into the Low
Countries.
At this parting, there arose much strife betwixt the
mariners and the soldiers, about the dividing of the spoil.
For the mariners, envying and repining at the soldiers, who,
as it fell out, had gotten most, purloined and detained their
chests and packs of baggage, perforce ! insomuch that, to
satisfy the soldiers, I went aboard my Lord Admiral to
desire of his Lordship redress ; who promised to take ortier
therein.
But some other principal Officers of the Fleet shewing
themselves more partial, asked me, " \Vhether the poor
mariners should have nothing ? "
To which, I answered, " There vas no reason they should
pill the poor soldiers, who had fought and ventured for what
little they had : and that the mariner's hope (having so rich
a booty as the Indian Fleet at their mercy) vas more to be
desired than the trash the landsmen had got ; so as they had
none to blame for their poverty, but their Officers and their
bad fortune."
This answer was taken to the heart, and is not forgotten
to this hour [ ? 16o6] ; of which I feel the smart.
The troops dissolved [disbanded] ; I went to Court, and there
attended the most part of the winter.

94 Lo(D I[OUNTJOV MADE LIEUT.-GEERAL. t_[-SlrF'V«r«t .6

Thc Ishm?s l'o3'age.

N THE year of our Lord 1597, being the next year
after the journey of Calis, another journey was
ruade by the Earl of EssEx to the coast of Spain
and the Islands [thc Azores], with a royal navy, as
well of Her Majesty's own shipping as of her best
merchants; to which also vas joined a good number of the
States' ships, in ail about 14o; with an army of 7,ooo or
8,ooo landsmen, as well voluntary as pressed : and commonly
called the Islands Voyage.
To which I was called, by Her Majesty's commandment,
to attend his Lordship : as also to deal with the States, that
besides the shipping which they were to send with Her
Majesty's Fleet by virtue of the contract, they would surfer
I,OOO of ber subjects in their pay, tobe transported by me, to
her said General and Fleet, for that service.
Which having obtained, I hastened into England, and
found my Lord of ESSEX at Sandwich, and lais Fleet in read-
ness. anchored in the Downs.
It was early in the morning, and his Lordship was in bed,
when I was brought to him. He welcomed me, with much
demonstration of favour, and with many circumstances of
vords.
First he told me, " My Lord ]kOUNTJOY was to go as his
Lieutenant-General (not of his own choice, but thrust upon
him by the Queen), belote me in place; 3"et that I should
retain my former office of Lord Marshal : which as it had
been ever in English armies, next the General in authority ;
so he would lay wholly the execution of that office upon me.
And as for the Lieutenant-General ; as he had a title without
an office, so the honour must fall in effect upon them that
did the service." \Vith much more speech to this purpose,
all tending to persuade me, that it was not by his working;
and to take away the discouragement I might conceive of it.
I answered that "I had partly understood, before my
coming out of the Low Countries, of my Lord lkIOUNTJO"S
going as Lieutenant-General ; so that I had forethought and
resolved what to do. For though I was sensible, as became
me, who saw no cause in myself of this reculement utting

F.
WILL OT AGAI SERVE UNDER ]SSEX.
6o6._J

back] and disgrace ; yet my affections having been always sub-
ject to the rules of obedience, since it was my Prince:s action
and that it could hot be but that my Lord MOUNTJOY was
placed there by Her Majesty's consent, my sincerity would
hot give me leave to absent myself, and colour my stay from
this action with any feigned excuse: but counselled me to
corne over, both to obey my Lord MotNTJOY, and respect
him as his place [rmk], which I had always much honoured,
required ; much more his Lordship, who was General to us
both. Though I was hot so ignorant of his Lordship's power
as to doubt that my Lord MOUNTJOY or any subject of
England could be thrust upon him, without his desire and
procurement.
"That therefore, as I had good cause to judge that his
Lordship had withdrawn much of his favour from me, so I
humbly desired his Lordship that, as by a retrenchment of
the condition I was to hold in this Journey, I held it rather a
resignment to his Lordship again, of the honour he had given
me the last year (so far as concerned my particular respect
to his Lordship, unsought for by me, than a service to him) ;
so, hereafter, he would be pleased not to use me at all in any
action, vherein he was to go Chier."
He would seem to take these speeches of mine as proceed-
ing rather of a passionate discontentment, than of a resolution
framed in cold blood; and that it would in time be digested.
And so, without any sharpness on his part, the matter rested.
The purpose and design of this Journey was to destroy the
Fleet that lay in Ferrol by the Groine [Coru,na] and upon the
rest of the panish coasts; and to that end to land our forces,
if we saw cause: as also to intercept the [Spanish West]
Indian Fleet.
Part of our land f»rces were shipped at the Downs; and ve
did put into \Veymouth, to receive those which were to meet
us there.
In that place, the Generalcalled myself and Sir \VALTER
IALEI6H before him; and for that he thought there remained
some grudge of the last year's talling out, would nee.ls have
us shake hands: which we both did, the willinger because
there had nothing passed betwixt us that miglxt blemish
reputation.
From thence, ve went to Plymouth ; and so towards pain,

96 THE FLEET IS SCATTERE BV A STORM. [Sirl.Ver«.
z6o.

where, in the height [latitude] of 46o or 47 °, we were encoun-
tered with a storm; against which the whole navy strove
obstinately, till the greater part of the ships were distressed:
amongst vhich, were the General's, mine, Sir VALTER
RALEIGH'S, and Sir tïEORGE CARY'S. My mainmast was rent
in the partners [sockcts] to the very spindle, which was
eleven inches deep ; insomuch as, to avoid the endangering
of the ship, the Captain and Master were earnest with me,
to have cast it overboard : which I would not assent unto,
but setting men to work, brought it standing to Plymouth ;
and there strengthened it, so that it served the rest of the
voyage.
The Lord THOMAS HOWARD, Vice-Admiral, with some few
ships, got within sight of the North Cape [?Fimdstere] :
where, having plied off and on three or four days, doubting
[feariug] that the rest of the Fieet was put back, because it
appeared hot ; he returned also to out coast.
Our stay at Plymouth was about a month : more through
want of vind than unvillingness or unreadiness of our ships,
which, with all diligence were repaired.
In the meantime, our victuals consuming : it vas debated
in council, \Vhether the Journey could be performed or not,
without a further supply of victuals ? It was judged ex-
tremely dangerous ; and, on the other side, as diflïcult to
supply the army with victuals : which having to corne from
London and the east parts of the realm, and tobe brought
up af adventure, there being" no suflïcient store in readiness,
would hardly be ministered unto us so fast as we should
consume them. And therefore, it was first resolved to
discharge ail the land forces; saving the I,OOO I brought out
of the Low Countries, with the shipping they were embarked
in.
Then it was furtherdebated in council, How to employ the
Fleet? the purpose of landing the army at the Groine
being dissolved.
A West Indian Voyage was propounded ; whereupon every
one in particular being to give his advice, it was assented to
by them ail. Only myself was of opinion, it could not stand
with the honour, profit, and safety of Her Majesty and the
8tate: the Fleet being so slenderly provided of forces and
provisions, that nothing could be exploited [achieved] there

SirF.¥ere.-]? ,6o6.A THE FLEET ETS FORTI[ AGAIN. 97

answerable to the expectation that would be generally
conceived. And yet, in the meantime, through the want of
Her Majesty's Royal Navy and other principal shipping,
with the choice Commanders botb for sea and land, the
State might be endangered by an attempt made by the
Spaniards upon our own coast: whom we certainly knew to
bave then, in readiness, a great power of sea and land forces
in the north parts of Spain.
Things thus handled, the Lord General posted to the
Court.
After his return, no more speech was had of the Indian
Voyage; but a resolution taken to attempt the firing of the
Fleet at Ferrol and on the rest of the coast of Spain, and to
intercept the [Spanish West] Indian Fleet, as in our discre-
tions we should tbink fittest, either when we came to the
coast of Spain or by going to the Islands.
With this resolution, we set forwards, directing our course
to the North Cape, with reasonable wind and weather; yet the
Fleet scattered: as, in a manner, all the squadron of Sir
WALTER RALEIGH, and some ships of the other squadrons
that followed him ; who, for a misfortune in his mainyard, kept
more to seaward.
The Lord General, whilst he and the rest of the Fleet lay
off and on before the Cape (attending Sir VALTER RALEIGH'S
coming, who vith some special ships had undertaken this
exploit of firing the Fleet), suddenly laid his ship by the lee :
which, because it was his order when he would speak xvith
other ships, I ruade to him, to know his Lordship's pleasure.
He spake to me from the poop, saying I should attend and
have an eye to his ship: in which at that instant, there was
an extreme and dangerous leak, though he would hot have
me nor any other of the Fleet knmv it.
Which, leak being stopped, he directed his course along
the coast southvard ; and, about ten leagues from the Groine,
called a council, in which it was resolved to give over the
enterprise of Ferrol (which as it was difficult to have been
executed on a sudden, so noxv that ve had been seen by the
country, it was held impossible) : and not to linger upon the
coast of Spain, but to go directly to the Islands, the time of
the year now growing on, that the Indian Fleet usuaIly
returned.
/LF. G.tR. Vil. 7

9 8 SIR V. RALEIGtI'S DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDERS.[SlrF.. Vcr«.,6o6.
And to advertise Sir ,VALTER RALEIOH, divers pinnaces
were sent out, tbat, till such a day, the wind and weather
serving, the General would stay for him, in a certain height
[latitude], and thence would make directly for the Azores.
At this council, his Lordship ruade [wrote] a despatch for
England.
I do hot well remember where Sir ,VALTER RALEIGH and
the test of tbe Fleet met us; but, as I take it, about Flores
and Corvo, the westerliest islands of the Azores : xvhere we
arrived in seven or eight days affer xve had put from the
coast of Spain.
Ve stayed there some few days; and took in some reflesh-
ing of xvater and victuals, such as they could yield : which
being hot so well able to supply us, as the other islands, it
vas resolved in council to put back to them ; and the squad-
tons, for the more commodity of the Fleet, were appointed unto
several islands.
The General with his squadron vere to go to Fayal; tbe
Lord TIIOMAS with his squadron, and I with my ship, were
to go to Graciosa ; and Sir VALTER RALEIGH with his,
either to Pico or St. George.
I3ut Sir VALTER RALEIGH (whether of set purpose or by
rnistake, I leave others to judge), making with his squadron,
rnole haste than the test of the Fleet, came to Fayal afore us,
landed his men, and received some loss by the Spaniards
that kept the top of the hill, which commanded both the
haven and the town.
The General xvith the rest of the Fleet, came to an anchor
before the island; and hearing of Sir WALTER IALEIGH'S
landing and loss, xvas highly displeased, as he had cause : it
being directly and expressly forbidden, upon pain of death,
to land forces without orders from the General ; and there
wanted not [those] about my Lord, that the more to incense
him, aggravated the matter.
Seeing the Spanish ensign upon the hill, lais Lordship pre-
lared to land with all baste; and so, about an hour before
sunset, came into the tovn.
A competent number of men were given to Sir OLIVER
LA,tEIT to guard the passages ; and then it was consulted
hov to go on with the enterprise of forcing them.
They were entrenched on the top of the hill, to the number

ir.r. vee.l,66..i TRIED CONVICTED, RALEIGH IS PARDOXED. 99

.of 2oo; which hill vas so steep, that it seemed artillery
could not be drawn towards the said trench.
The night growing on, I desired his Lordship to give me
leave to go up to discover the place: which lais Lordship
assented to. So taking 2oo soldiers, I sent forwards; the
young Earl of Ruxratt, Sir TIJOMAS GERXtAN, and divers
other Gentlemen Adventurers accompanying me.
At our coming to the top of the hill, finding no vatch in
their trenches, we entered them, and possessed the bill:
where we found some of our men slain by the Spaniards.
The hill was abandoned as we supposed in the beginning of
the night, unseen or undiscovered by us or those that were
placed at the foot of the hill.
We were all very sorry they so escaped, as vas also the
Lord General : for there was no following or pursuing them
in that mountainous island.
The Captain and Officers that landed with Sir WALTEr
RALEIGIJ vere presently cornmitted: and before our depar-
ture thence, Sir VALTER RALEIGH xvas called to answer for
himself, in a full assembly of the Chief Officers both by sea
and land, in the General's presence. \Vhere, every one
being to deliver his opinion of the crime, it was grievously
aggravated by the most. For my part, no man shewed less
spleen against him than myself.
The General's goodness would hot suffer him to take any
extreme course: but with a wise and noble admonition, for-
gave the offence; and set also at liberty the Captains that
had been cornmitted.
After the Fleet had taken the refi'eshing that island couid
afford, which was in some good measure, we put from thence:
and for three days, were plying off and on betwixt Graciosa and
"the island of Terceira, the ordinary way of the Indian Fleet.
In the meantime, certain were sent ashore by the General,
at Graciosa, to drav from the inhabitants some portion of
money and provisions, to redeem them ffoto spoililg.
They brought word to the General, in the afternoon, that
from the island, a great ship was discovered on the road-way
[track] from the Indies: but they being sent again, with
some others, to make a full discovery ; at their return, which
-veas sudden, it was found to be but a pinnace.
I must confess, in this point I may be ignorant of some

['Sir F. Vere.
ioo Four ENGLISIt ¢ TWENTY SPANISH SIIIPS- k ? 16o6.

particulars ; because tbings vere hot done as they vere wont,
by council : or if they were, it vas but of some few, to which
I was not called. But, in ail likelihood, there was wilful
mistaking in some, to hinder us of tbat rich prey which GOD
had sent, as it were, into our moutbs.
Hovsoever it vas, that saine night, vhen it was dark, the
General with the Fleet altered their course, and bare directly
with the island of St. Michael ; as it was given out, to vater
[i.e., the bulk of the lïnglish Fleet delibcratdy wcnt out of lhe track
of the Indian Fleet, twelve hours bcfore ils arrival].
A pinnace coming to me, in the Lord General's naine,
told me "it xvas his pleasure my sbip and the Drcadnought, in
which Sir NICHOLAS PARKER was, should beat off and on
betwixt the island of St. George and Graciosa : for that the
Indian Fleet xvas expected." ïhe Rainbow in xvhich was Sir
WILLIAM IONSON, and the Garland, my Lord of SOUTHAMP-
TO'S ship, were to lie, by the like order, on the north part
of Graciosa. Willing us, if we discovered any Fleet to follow
them, and to shoot off, now and then, a piece of ordnance :
which should serve for a signal to the test of tbe Fleet.
This order, as I take it, was delivered us about ten of the
clock at night.
About naidnight, or one of the clock, those of our ships
might hear shooting, acord, ing to this direction, rather in the
manner of signal than of a fight, toward that part of the
island [Graciosa] where the other two ships were to guard.
This, as we afterwards understood, was from the Rainbow;
which fell in the midst of the Indian F]eet ; whom in their
[Rainbow's] long-boat, they hailed, and by the Spaniards' own
mouths, knew whence they were : who held them in scorn, and
in a great bravery, told them what they were ladened withal.
The wind was very small [light], so as it scarce stirred out
ships; but we directed out course as directly as we could,
and so continued all night. The morning was very foggy
and misty, so that we could not discover far: but still we
might hear the shooting of ordnance, when we listened for it.
About eigbt or nine of the clock before noon, it began to
clear : and then we might see a Fleet of txventy sails, as we
judged some rive or six leagues off; which was much about
halfvay betwixt us and Terceira.
The wind began a little to strengthen, and we to wet ouî

Sir?'. ,':] VERE, A GOOD WATCII DOG, OUTSIDE /kNGRA. IOI

sails to improve the force of it ; and somewhat ve got nearer
the Spanish Fleet : more through their stay, to gather them-
selves together ; than our good footmanship.
Ail this while, the Rainbow and Garland followed the Fleet
so near, that they might to our judgements, at pleasure have
engaged them to fight. Dut their Fleet being, of eight good
galleons, the rest merchants' [ships] of good force: though
the booty were of great inticement, it might justly seem
hard to them to corne by it; and so they only vaited on
them, attending greater strength, or to gather up such as
straggled from the rest.
The Garland overtook a little frigate of the King's, laden
only with cochineal; which she spoiled, and I found aban-
doned and ready to sink : yet those of my ship took out of
her, certain small brazen pieces.
The Indian Fleet keeping together in good order, sailed
still before us about two leavues; and se was got into the
haven of Terceira [Angra, see Vol. III. p. 444], into the which,
they towed their ships, vith the help of those of the island,
belote we could corne up to them.
It vas evening when we came thither, and the wind so
from the land, as with out ships there was no entering.
It pleased my Lord of SOUTHAMPTON and the rest of the
Captains to corne aboard me; where it was resolved to get
as near the mouth of the haven as we could with out ships,
and to man out boats well, with direction in as secret
manner as they could, to attempt the cutting of the cables of
the next [nighest] ships: by which means, the wind, as is
foresaid, blowing from the land, might drive them upon us.
This, though it were a dangerous and desperate enterprise,
was undertaken: but being discovered, the boats returned
without giving any further attempt.
The same night, we despatched a small plnnace of an
Adventurer, to St. Michael, to give the Lord General advice
where he should find the Indian Fleet: and us to guard
them from coming out.
For we had determined to attend his Lordship's comin',
belote the said haven: which I accordingly performed with
my ship, thouvh forsaken of the rest [the Drcadnouglt,
t?ainbow, and Garland], the very saine night; I know not
whether for want of fresh water, or what other occasion.

IO2 FOR ONCE, ENGLISHMEN BADLY LED, DARE NOT! [" vert.
6o6.

Three or four days after, his Lordshipcame xvith the Fleet.
Who sending into the haven, txvo nimble pinnaces to viexv
how the Fleet lay; upon report that they were drawn so far
into the haven, and were so well defended ff'oto the land
with artillery, that no attempt could be ruade on them, with-
out extreme hazard, and the xvind blowing still from the land
that no device of tire could xvork any good effect, and all
provisions growing scant in the Fleet, especially fresh water :
his Lordship gave over that enterprise, and put with the
xvhole Fleet from thence to St. Michael.

The General had resolved to land in this island; and
therefore called a Council to advise on the manner. In
which, it xvas concluded that the greatest part of the Fleet
should remain before St. Michael [? the town of Ribcira
Grande] to amuse the enemy; and that the soldiers, in the
beginning of the evening, should be embarked in the Ieast
vessels, taking with us the barges and long-boats, and so
in the night, make towards Villa Franca, which xvas some
four or rive leagues off. His Lordship, and the rest of the
chief Officers of the land forces, embarking xvith him in a
small ship, left the sea Officers before St. Michael.
The next day, about evening, we were corne near Villa
Franca. I moved his Lordship, fo give me leave, in a boat,
to discover the shore and best landing-place ; whilst his
Lordship gave orders for the embarking the men into the
other boats: which his Lordship granted, and I performed
accordingly. So as, in due rime, his Lordship was adver-
tised of it, to his contentment ; and proceeded to the landing
of his forces upon the sandy shore belote the town: where
I could discover none to give impeachment, but a few
straggling fellows which noxv and then gave a shot.
His Lordship, as his fashion xvas, would be of the first to
land; and I, that had learned me of his disposition, took
upon me the care of sending the boats after him. The
seege [ ? suffi was such that few of the men landed with
their furniture Jarre.s, &c.] dry. His Lordship himself took
great pains to put his men in order: and, for that I per-
ceived he took delight to do ail, in good manners and respect
I gave the looking on.
In the meantime, some that were sent toxvards the town

SirF. Vere.q? ,6o6._1 VILLA FRANCA, ON ST. vICHAEL, TAKEN. io3

to discover, gave the alarm that the enemy were af hand:
and I told his Lordship it vere good to send presently some
good troops to possess the town of Villa Franca, before the
enemy got thither.
His Lordship willed me to take with me 2o0 men, and fo
do with them what I thought good myself. I took so many
of those men that were readiest, and bade them follow
me : amongst which, were some Gentlemen of good account,
as Sir JOHN SCOT and Sir WILLIAt EVEIS, which accom-
panied me.
I vent directly to tl:e town, which I found abandoned:
and leaving some guard in the Church which stood upon
the Market Place, I passed somewhat further towards St.
Michael : but neither seeing nor hearing news of any enemy
thereabouts, I returned to the town. To which his Lordship
xvas corne, xvith the rest of his army, making in all, about
2,000 soldiers, Adventurers, 0fficers and their trains: all
which were orderly quartered in the toxvn, where xve found
good store of wheat.
His Lordship having thus gotten landing, advised with
Council, Whether it xvere better to match to St. Michael,
spoil that town, and water the Fleet there ; or to send for the
test of the Fleet ?
The difficulties in going to St. Michael were the rough-
ness and unevenness of the xvay, being, for the most part,
stony hills, in which a fexv men, well placed, might resist
and impeach the passage to many; that the people and
goods of the town vould be withdrawn into the Castle,
xvhich xvas held by a garrison of Spaniaïds, and not to
be forced without battery and much loss of men and rime ;
that till it were gotten, there was no watering in that part,
and out general necessity could endure no delay. It was
therefore resolved to send for the Fleet fo Villa Franca.
In the meantime, news came from the Fleet, that a \Vest
Indian [ ? East Indian.] carrack, and a ship were corne into
St. Michael, and rode near the Castle.
His Lordship presently determined to go thither himself,
for the better order.;ng of things. He took my Lord of
IOUNTJOY with him ; and by an especial Commission undeî
his hand, committed to my command the land and sea
forces at Villa Franca.

lO4 VERE IS IN CHARGE OF TIIE REARGU&RD. [Sir.F. Vere.x6o6.

13efore his Lordship could arrive at St. Michael, the
carrack had run herself on ground under the Castle : and the
other ship (which was not great), laden with sugar and 13razil
commodities, had been taken by Sir WALTER RALEIGH.
The third day, his Lordship returned, with the Fleet, to
Villa Franca, and gave orders presently to fall a watering.
There was plenty of water; but the shipping of it into
boats was tedious and troublesolne: for, by reason of the
greatness of the seege [ ? szrf], we were fain, by wading and
swimming, to thrust the barrels into the sea where the boats
floated. This ruade the work the longer.
In the meantime our victuals consumed, and grew lov;
though ve got some little refreshing from the land: which
ruade us content ourselves with the less water.
After some four or rive days watering, his Lordship gave
order to embark the army; which he began early in the
morning, and continued all the day: for the seege going
high, the boats took in their men at a place where but one
boat could lie on at once ; which, together with the distance
to the shipping, ruade the less riddance and despatch.
His Lordship, for the better expedition, was most of the
time af the water's side: sending still to me for men from
the town, as he was ready fo embark them.
About rive of the clock, in the afternoon, the sentinels that
stood on the top of the steeple, discerned troops of men on
their way to St. Michael. I sent up to the steeple, Sir
VILLIAM CONSTABLE, and some other Gentlemen then about
me, to see what they could discern: who all agreed that
they saw troops, and as they guessed some ensigns [colo,rs].
I willed Sir WILLIAM CONSTABLE to hasten to his Lordship,
and tell him what he had seen.
I had yet remaining with me about 5oo soldiers. Of these
I sent out 6o, whereof 30 Shot were to go as covertly as they
could to a chapel, a great musket shot from the town, on
the xvay the enemy was discovered; with orders, upon the
enemy's approach, to give their volley ; and suddenly and in
baste to retire to the other 30 that were placed betvixt them
and the town; and then all together, in as much haste and
shew of fear as they could, to corne to the town; where I
stood ready with the test of the men in three troops, to receive
them, antt to repulse and chase those that should follow them.

irF. Vere.-] EAR1,Y NOTICE OF SMOKING WITII A Pli'E. IO 5
*6o6._

This order given, my Lord of ESSEX, with the Earl of
OUTHAMPTON and some other Lords and Gentlemen, came
to the Market Place : where he found me with the troops.
His Lordship inquired of me, " What I had seen ?"
I said, " I had seen no enemy ; but what others had seen,
his Lordship had heard by their own report : and might, if it
pleased his Lordship, send to see if the sentinel continued to
affirm the same."
His Lordship ruade no answer, but called for tobacco,
seeming to give but small credence to this alarm ; and so on
horseback, with thoe Noblemen and Gentlemen on foot
beside him, took tobacco, whilst I was telling his Lordship
of the men I had sent forth, and orders I had given.
Within some quarter of an hour, we might hear a good
round volley of shot betwixt the 30 men I had sent to the
chapel, and the enemy; which made his Lordship cast his
pipe from him, and listen to the shooting, which continued.
I told his Lordship, it were good to advance with the troops
to that side of the town where the skirmish was, to receive
our men, which his Lordship liked well ; and so we went at
a good round pace, expecting to encounter our men: who
unadvisedly in lieu of retiring in disorder, maintained the
place; which the enemy perceiving, and supposing some
greater troops to be at hand to second, held aloof with his
main force (for the highway to the town lay by the chapel,
and there was no other passage for a troop by reason of the
strong fence and inclosure of the fields), but sent out light
men to skirmish.
Thus perceiving that our men held our ground, we stayed
our troops in covert in the end of two lanes leading directly
to the highway.
Those of the island, as we were certainly informed, could
make [out] 3,000 fighting men, well armed and appointed;
besides the ordinary garrison of the Spaniards. Of that
number, we supposed them ; because they had sufficient time
to gather their strength together, and for that they came to
seek us. And therefore as, on the one side, we were loth to
discover out small number to them, unless they provoked us
by some notable disorder, or necessity in the defence of our-
selves: so we thought it not good to lessen out men by
embarking of men, till the night was corne, that silence and

[-Sir F. Vcreo
IO6 TIIE FLEET COMES HOME ANVIfOW. L . o.

darkness might cover our retreat. And for these reasons, I
opposed thêir hêat that propounded to charge the ênemy,
and their haste that would needs have the men shipped
without delay.
In the beginning of the evening, which ended the skirmish,
keeping our sentinels in view of the enemy, his Lordship
began to embark some troops, and so continued, till about the
last troop was put into the boat : his Lordship seeing all em-
barked before he went aboard, but those forlorn men which
ruade the last retreat, which were committed to Sir CHARLES
PERCY ; with whom, I embarked, without any impeachment
of the enemy, or shew fo bave discovêred our departure.
His Lordship made the young Noblemen and some other
principal Gentlemen, Knights; as Sir WILLA»t EVRS, Sir
HENRY DOCKWRAY, Sir "VILLIAM I3ROWN, and a Dutch
(3entleman that accompanied that Voyage in my ship.
\Ve were no sooner aboard, but that the wind blew a stiff
gale, so as some were fain to forsake their anchors.

And with thls wind, we put for England ; which continuing
vehement, drave us to the leeward of our course, tovards the
coast of Ireland. I got an extreme leak in my ship, vhich
kept both my pumps going without intermission many days
before I got to harbour; vherevith my company were much
wearied, and discouraged even to despair: which made me
keep aloof fl'om other ships, lest the hope of their own safety
might make them neglect that of the ship.
The Fleet kept no order af all, but every ship made the
best baste home they could : which as it might have proved
dangerous if the Spanish Fleet, which was then bound for our
coast, had not been scattered by the same weather ; so it was
in some sort profitable to us. For some of our smaller
shipping, vhich were driven most leeward tovards the coast
of Ireland, met with two or three Spanish ships, full of
soldiers, which they took : by vhich, ve hot only understood,
at our coming to Plymouth, their purpose to have landed at
Falmouth, with IO,OOO men; but sav the instructions and
orders of the sea fights, if they had met with us, which were
so full of perfection, that I have ever since redoubted
[anxiously es¢imated] their sufficiency in sea cases.

Sir æ. Vere.'] EXPERIENCED SOLDIES SENT TOI RELAND. lO 7
? x6o6.]

The Fleet arriving thus weather-beaten at Plymouth, his
Lordship posted to the Court ; leaving my Lord TH.XAS, now
Earl of SVFFOLI.: [creatcd jTuly ex, x6o3], my Lord MOVN'rjov,
and the rest of the Officers there. And, shortly, came pro-
vision of money, with Commission to the said Lords, Sir
\VALTER RaLEGH, and myself, to see the saine issued and
distributed by common advice, for the repairing, victualling,
and sending about the Fleet to Chatham ; and the entertain-
ing of the x,ooo men I had brought out of the Low Countries,
which were then disposed along the coast of Cornwall, and,
after, sent to Ireland.
Which business despatched, I passed by post to London ;
and near Mary-bone [Marylcbone] park, I met with Sir
WLLA RVSSELL in lais coach : who being my honourable
fliend (then newly returned from Ireland, where he had been
Deputy), I a2lighted to salute him, with much duty and
affection; who stepping out of his coach, received me with
the like favour. With whom, vhilst I stood bareheaded,
being in a sweat, I got cold: which held me so extremely,
that for three weeks after, I could hot stir out of my lodging.
I understood my Lord of ESSEX was at his bouse at \Van-
stead, in great discontentment ; to whose Lordship I gave
presently knowledge of my arrival, as also that I would for-
bear to attend his Lordship till I had been at Court : which
then I hoped would have been sooner than it fell out my sick-
ness would permit.
For I supposed, at my coming t0 Court, Her Majesty, after
ber most gracious manner, vould talk and question with
me concerning the late Journey: and though it pleased ber
always to give credit to the reports I ruade (which I never
blemished with falsehood, for any respect whatsoever !) yet I
thought this forbearance to see my Lord, would make my
speech work more effectually.
So soon then, as I vas able to go abroad, I went to the
Court, which was then at Whitehall; and (because I would
use nobody's help to give me access to Her Majesty, as also
that I desired to be heard more publicly) I resolved to shev
myself to Her Majesty, vhen she came into the garden :
where so soon as she set ber gracious eye upon me, she called
me to ber, and questioned with me concerning the Journey ;
seeming greatly incensed against my Lord of ESSEX, laying

IO8 VERE'S ix,'OBLE ¥INDICATION OF ESSEX. [sir rv've*",6o6.

the whole blame of the evil success of the journey on lais
Lordship, bcth for the not burning of the Fleet at Ferrol,
and missing the [West] Indian Fleet. \Vherein with the
truth, I boldly justified his Lordship, with such earnestness,
that my voice growing shrill, the standers by, which were
many, might hear ; for Her Majesty then walked : laying the
blame freely on them that deserved it.
And some, there present [probably Sir Il'. RALEIGH], being
called to confront me, were forced to confess the contrary of
that they had delivered to Her Majesty; insomuch that I
answered all objections against the Earl: vherewith Her
Majesty, well quieted and satisfied, sat her down in the end
of the walk, and calling me to her, fell into more particular
discourse of lais Lordship's humours and ambition; all
which she pleased then to construe so graciously, that before
she left me, she fell into much commendation of him. \Vho,
very shortly after, came to the Court.
This office I performed to lais Lordship, to the grieving and
bitter incensing of the contrary party against me ; when not-
withstanding I had discovered, as is aforesaid, in my recule-
ment, his Lordship's coldness of affection for me; and had
plainly told my Lord himself, my own resolution (in which
I still persisted) hot to follow his Lordship any more in the
wars : yet, to make as full return as I could, for the good
favour the world supposed his Lordship bare me ; fearing more
to incur the opinion of ingratitude, than the malice of any
enemies, how great soever, xvhich the delivery of truth could
procure me.

7-}e Government of Brie/le.

STAYED the winter following in England.
In which time, my Lord 8HEFFIELD making
resignation of his Government of the I3rielle
into Her Majesty's hands; I was advised and
encouraged by my good friends, to make means
to Her Majesty for that charge : which it was
long before I could hearken unto, having no
---- fl'iends to rely on.

For as I had good cause fo doubt If car] my Lord of ESSEX
would hot further me in that suit, so I vas loth to have any-
thing by his means, in the terms I then stood in xvith his
Lordship ; much less by any other person's, that vere known
to be his opposers.
Being still urged to undertake the suit, I hegan af length
fo take some better lik!ng of it, and fo guess there xvas
some further meaning in if. And therefore, I answered
that " if I were assured that Master Secretary [Sir IOBERD
CECIL] would hot cross me, I would undertake the marrer."
Whereof, having some hope given me, I took occasion,
one day, in the Chamber of Presence, to tell his Lordship as
much: xvho ansxvered me that "as he would be no mover
or recommender of suit for me or any other ; so he would hot
cross 1"11 e."
I desired his Lordship of no further favour than might be
looked for from a man in his place, for public respects.
And hereupon, I resolved to have Her Majesty moved;
which Sir I'ULKE GREVILLE performed effectually.
Her Majesty, as her manner was, fell to objecting, that " I
served the States, and that those two charges could hot xvell
stand together."

I IO HOW /PPOINTMENTS WERE TO ]3E GAINED. [SirF. Vere..

My Lord of ISSEX xvas, before this, gone from Court,
discontented because of the difficulty he round in obtaining
the Earl Marshalship of England. I went therefore to
\Vanstead to lais Lordship, in good manners to acquaint
him with what I had done: who rather discouraged me than
otherwise in the pursuit.
Notwithstanding, I waited and followed my business hard,
and one evening, in the garden, moved Her Majesty myself;
who alleging, as before she had done to Sir FULKE
GREVILLE, that " it could not stand with her service, that
both those places should go together;" I told her Majesty
that, " I was willing, if there were no remedy, rather to for-
sake the States' service, than fo miss the place I was a
suitor to Her Majesty for, in hers." And so, for that time,
Her Majesty left me without any discouragement.
The Earl of SUSSEX was my only competitor; and for him
rny Lord NORTH professed to stand earnestly; who as soon
as I was risen flom my knees, told nie, that " such places
as I was now a suitor for, were wonted to be granted only
o Noblemen."
I answered, "There were none ennobled but by the favour
of the Prince ; and the saine way I took."

About this time, Her Majesty being in hand with the States,
o make a transaction flom the Old Treaty to the New, in
which the States were to take upon them the payment to Her
Maj.esty yearly, of so much money as would pay the ordinary
garnson of the Cautionary Towns, it fell into deliberation,
What numbers were competent for the guard of the said
towns ?
Wherein, before my Lords would resolve, they were pleased
to call before them my Lord SIDNEY and myself, to hear out
opinions, addressing their speech concerning the /3rielle to
me : whereunto I ruade such answers as I thought fit ; not
partially, as one that pretended to interest in that Government
[Gov.ernorshi])]; but as I thought meet for Her Majesty's
service.
And hereupon, Master Secretary took occasion merrily to
say to my Lords, that they might see what a difference there
was, betwixt the care of Sir FalClS VEIE, a neutral man,
and that of my Lord SII)IE , who spake for his own Govern-

Sire. Vere.'] ELIZABETH'S VERY tIIGII REGARD FOR rERE. I I I
z6o6._1

ment; "but," saith lais Lordship, " he vill repent it, when
he is Governor ! "
And then he told their Lordships I xvas a suitor for the place ;
and that I should have for it lais best furtherance. My Lords
gave a very favourable applause to Master Secretary's reso-
lution ; and severally blamed me, that I had not acquainted
them with my suit, and taken the furtherance they willingly
vould have given me.
It is true, I never ruade anybody acquainted with my suit,
but Sir FULKE GREVILLE and Master Secretary. From thence-
forward, I addressed myself more freely to Master Secretary ;
and conceived by lais fashion [manncr], an assurance of good
issue: though I had hot a final despatch in two months
af ter.
In the meantime, my Lord SmnEX" and my Lord GREY
were labouring to succeed me in the States' service. My
Lord of EssEx had promised his assistance to my Lord
SDNEX': insomuch as when 1 told him, at his coming to
the Court, in what forwardness I vas for the 13rielle, and
danger to lose my other charge, and who were competitors to
succeed me; he plainly said that " he had given my Lord
SZ)NEY his promise, to procure him a regiment in the States'
service.
1 answered that "the command of the nation [all English
.lroqbs .iu tle Dutch service] belonged to me by commission ";
that " there was as little reason for my Lord [Sm,nEX'] to be
-under my authority, as for me to yield my authority to him" ;
that "in respect of his Government [Governorslib], he was
uncapable of that charge as myselL"
13y this again, 1 found his Lordship's tare to hold me
back: notwithstanding my Lord SmNEX" had soon made an
end of his suit. But my Lord GEY stuck longer to it, and
was earnester; insomuch as there passed speeches in heat
betwixt him and me.
And yet in the end, such vas the favour of the Prince !
that 1 enjoyed both the one and the other charge.
In the saine year, 597, about the latter end of September,
I passed into the Lmv Countries; took and gave the
oaths that are usual betwixt those of Holland, the Governor
and townsmen of the 13rielle ; and so was established in that
,Government.

4,600 SPANIARDS ENCAMPED AT TURNIIOUT. [Sir F. Ver«.,6o6

NH.,'r wintcr, x597, the enemy laying at Turnhout,
Î'nëea,, 'àilmlô'sV2:eri;ëecflïëst ' ÎnsdaolÏ2n e"
sieur BARNEVEL,DT, that they did but tempt us
to beat thena!' which it seemeth he marked ;
for, shortly after, the States resolved to make an attempt
upon them; and gave orders to the Count M.«umc to that
end, to gather lais forces together. \Vhich, atone instant,
shipped from their several garrisons, arrived with great
secrecy, at Gertruydenburg, in ail, to the number of 6,ooo
foot and x,ooo horse ; whereof some Eoo [English] came from
Flushing, vith Sir Ro3zrT SIDNEY. Wlaich troop, because
he desired it should march with the rest of the English; ir
the love and respect I professed and truly bear to him, I
ruade offer to him to command one of the two troops, the
English forces vere then divided into : which he refused hot.
That evening vas spent in consulting and ordering of
things.
In the morning, by break of day, the troops began fo
march; and continued till two hours witbin night, and there
rested, within a league of Turnhout. There we understood
by out espial, that the enemy lay still without any manner
of intrenchment ; having as yet no intelligence of us.
A good part of that night was also spent in debating of
matters. In the end, it was resolved, if the enemy abode
out coming in the village; vith our cannon to batter them
and so to dislodge them, or with our troops to force the place
upon them.
The Vanguard was given to the English troops, xvith
Count MAURICE'S Guard, and some other selected Companies
of the Dutch which the Count kept ordinarily in the Van-
guard.
The night vas very cold, insomuch as the Count
himself, going up and down the quarters, with straw and
such other blazing stuff, ruade rires in some places, vith his
own hands, by the Corps d guard [tickcts]. Sir ROI3ERT
SmNE'," and I got us into a barri thronged with soldiers, to
rest ; because there was no sleeping by the Courir lIAualCZ,

Sir F. Vere.'] VERE BEGINS TIIE FIGHT WITtI SKIRIXII.qIIERS. I I 3

who was disposed to vatcb: whence I was also called, to
attend him.
In the morning, we set forward ; and by break of day we
came within a falcon shot [32o yards : sec Vol. IV. p.
of Turnhout, where the troops were put in battle. \Vhence
sending some light horse tovards the town, to discover;
word was brought that the enemy had caused lais baggage to
march all night, and that now the Rereward were going out
of the town.
Whereupon the Count iXIAURmE caused our Vanguard to
advance to the town: with which he marched.
By that time we were corne to the town, the enemy was
clear gone out of it, and some musket shot off, on the way
to Herenthals [which was twelve milcs off] beyond a narrow
bridge, over which one man could only go in Iront. They
made a stand with some of their men ; and galled our scouts,
which followed on the track.
The Count IIAURtCE made a halt, halfvay betwixt the
bridge and the town: where I offered to beat the enemy
from this passage, if he would give me some men ; alleging
that this was only a shew of the enemy to amuse us, whilst
he withdrew the body of lais forces, and therefore this re-
quired a speedy execution. Hereupon, he appointed me 200
musketeers of his own Guard and the other Dutch companies,
with officers to receive my commands saying that " he would
second me, according as occasion should serve."
With which, I xvent directly towards this bridge. Near
to xvhich, I round Count I-IOLLOCK [HoI-IENLO], xvho, that
Journey, commanded the horse. He told me of an easier
passage over that water and offered me guides; but the
distance agreed hot with the necessity of the haste, and
therefore I excused myself of altering my way: which he
took in very ill part, insomuch as, hot long al'ter, he wrote
unto me a letter of expostulation, as if I had failed in tbe
acknowledgement of his authority, which he pretended
[asscrted], by an ancient Commission, to be Lieutenant-
General of Holland, and consequently of all the forces ;
which I answered in good and fitting terres, to his content-
ment.
And so placing my men in the best places of advantage,
to command the bridge, I ruade them play at the enemy;
2NG. G.d. VII. 8

-Sir F. Vere.
1 f4 200 DUTCI CIASING 4,600 SPANIARDS. L t x6o6.

who soon forsook the bridge, being so narrow as aforesaid,
and of a good length.
I drust not adventure, at the first, to pass my men over it,
the rather for that the country on the other side, vas very
tbick of wood : but, after a little pause, I thrust over some
few foot; and, by a lord adjoining, though very deep and
difficult, I sent some fev horse, to discover what the enemy
did.
And causing mine own horse to be led through the said
lord, I ent myself over the bridge; from which, some hall
a harquebuss shot, I round a small fort of pretty defence,
abandoned: into which, I put my footmen which vere first
passed, and sent for the rest to corne with ail diligence.
In tbe meantime, taking my horse, I rode with some fev
Officers and others, afte- the enemy ; whom we soon espied,"
some while marchmg, other while standing as if they had
met with some impediment before them ; which we thought
was caused by the number of their carriages.
The way they marched was through a lane of good breadth,
hemmed in with thick underwoods on both sides of it, fit as
I thought, to cover the smallness of the number of my men.
Whereupon, as also on the opinion the enemy might justly
conceive, that the rest of our troops followed at hand, I took
the boldness and assurance to follov tbem with those 2oo
musketeers: which I put into the skirts of the wood, so as
betwixt them and the highvay in which the enemy marched,
there was a vell grown hedge.
Myself, with about some 15 or 16 horsemen, of my own
followers and servants, keeping the highway, advanced towards
the enemy: giving, in tbe meantime, the Count IIAVmCE
advice what I saw ! what I did ! and what an assured victory
he had in his hands, if he vould advance the troops !
I vas not gone two musket shots from this fort, but some
choice men of tbe enemy, whom they appointed to make the
retreat [to act as tf rca;gmrd] discharged on us ; and our men
again answered them, and pressing upon them, put them
nearer to their hindermost body of Pikes : under the favour
of which, they and such as, from time to time, were sent to
refresh them, maintained the skirmish with us.
When they marched, I followed; when they stood, I
stayed: and, standing or marching, I kept within reach, for

Sir F Vere.q A THIEE-MILE FIGIIT ACROSS THE IIEATtl. I 1 5

the most part, of their body of Pikes ; so as I slew and galled
many of them.
And in this manner, I held them play, at the least four
hours, till I came to an open heath, which was from the
bridge, about some rive or six English mlles; sending, in
the meantime, messenger upon messenger fo the Count
MAURICE and the Count HOLLOCK, for more troops. And it
pleased Sir ROBERT SIDNEY himself, who also came up to
me, and looked on the enemy; when he saw the fair
occasion, to ride back to procure more forces.
But all this while, none came, not so much as any princi-
pal Oflîcer of the army, to see what I did.
On the leIt side of this heath, which is little less than
three miles over, vere woods and enclosed fields coasting the
way the enemy were fo take, in distance [off] some musket
shot and a half. Along these I caused my musketeers to
advance ; and, as they could from the skirts of the heath to
play upon the enemy: which was more to shew them and
our men that vere behind, by hearing the shot, that ve had
hOt forsaken the enemy, than for any great hurt we could
do them.
Myself, with some thirty or forty horse that were corne up
to me to see the sport, following them aloof off.
The enemy, seeing no gross troop to follow them, began
fo take healt; and put themselves into order in four bat-
talions : their horsemen on their wings advancing their vay
easily.
\Vhen we had, in this manner, passed half the heath, our
[1,ooo] horsemen, in i6 troops (for they vere so many), began
to appear behind us at the entry of the heath : not the vay
we had passed, but more to the right hand, coasting the
skirts of the heath, at a good round pace.
This sight ruade the enemy to mend his pace, and gave us
more courage to follow them; so as nov, we omitted no
endeavour vhich might hinder their vay, falling again into
skirmish vith them. For they fearing more those that they
saw far off, than us that followed them at their heels, being
a contemptible number to them that might see us and tell
[count] us, mended still their pace.
I therefore sent messengers to those horsemen, for of our
footmen there was no help to be expected, to tell them, that

II6 A VICTORY WON WITHOUT A r'IGIT. [Sire. Vereo6o6.

if they came hot with all speed possible, the enemy xvould
get into the strait and fast country, in which there could be
no good done on tbem.
They were hot above two musket shots ffoto the mouth of
the strait [ravinc or pass], when the Count MAURICE, with six
companies of horse, came near unto us, that followed the
enemy in the tail. The other horsemen, because they
fetched a greater compass, and came more upon the front
and right flank of the enemy, were further off. I sent to the
Count to desire him to give me those horsemen [i.e., the six
companics].
And, in the meantime, to give the enemy some stay, I
ruade round proffer [appearance or shew] to charge the Rere-
ward : under the countenance of that second [supfiort], with
those horse and foot I had. \Vhich took good effect. For
they, knowing no other but that all the troops were also ready
to charge, made a stand ; and seeing our horsemen on the
right wing te grov somewhat near, put themselves into a
stronger order.
My messenger returning from the Count MAURICE, told
me, he xvould speak with me.
To whom I made baste, and as the rime required, in fexv
words having delivered my mind; he gave me three lof_Ms
six] companies of horse to use as I should see cause. \Vith
which, I went on the spur : for the enemy were noxv march-
ing again, and xvere corne even into the entry of the strait.
The other horsemen with the Count HOLLOCK seeing me
go to charge, did the like also. So that, much about one
instant, he charged on the right corner of their front and on
their right flank ; and I with my troops, on the rereward and
left fiank : so roundly, that their Shot, afler tbe first volley,
shifted for themselves; and so charged their Pikes, wbich
being ranged in four Battles, stood one in the tail of another,
hot well ordered (as, in that case, they should bave becn) to
succour the Shot, and abide the charge of tbe horsemen.
And so we charged their Pikes, hot breaking through them, at
the first push, as it was anciently used by the men-of-arms
with their barbed horses : but as the long pistols, delivered
at hand, had ruade the ranks thin, so thereupon, the rest
of the horse got xvithin them. So as indeed, it was a victory
obtained witbout a fight.

s», F. v,.-I NEARLV 36oo SPA:NIAPDS KILLED OR TAKEN. I I 7
? x6o6._]

For till they were utterly broken and scattered, which
was after a short time, few or none died by handistrokes.
The footmen defeated; our horsemen disordered, as they
had been in the charge and execution, followed the chase
of their horsemen and baggage: which took the way of
Hel"enthals.
I foresav that the enemy's horse, that had withdt'awn
themselves, in good order and untouched of us, at the begin-
ning of the fight, xvould soon put to tout those disordered
men : and therefore ruade all the hste that I could, to the
mouth of the strait, there to stay them.
\Vhere finding the Count ttOLLOCK, I told him he should
do well to surfer no more to pass.
So riding forward on to the other end of the strait, where
it opened on a champaign, I overtook Sir NICHOLAS 1DARKER,
who commanded the three companies of English horse under
me; who had some thirty soldiers with the three cornets
[standards].
With these, I stayed on a green plot just in the mouth of
the strait, having on either hand a road washy way: with
purpose to gather unto me, those that came after me ; and
relieve out men, if the enemy chased them.
I had no sooner placed the troop : but I might see out men
coming back as fast and as disordered as they went out;
passing the strait on either hand of me, not to be stayed for
any intreaty.
The most of out men passed, and the enemy approaching ;
Sir NICHOLAS IARKER asked me, " \Vhat I meant to do ?"
I told him, "Attend the enemy, with out troop there ! "
" Then," saith he, "you must be gone with the test ! "
And so, almost vith the latest, the enemy being upon us,
I followed his counsel ; and so all of us, great and small,
were chased through the strait again: where out troops
gathering head, and out foot appearing, we held good ; and
the enemy, without any further attempt, ruade his retreat.
There were taken between 4 ° and 5 ° ensigns, and slain
and taken of the enemy, nearly 3,ooo: and their general
Seigneur DE BALLANCY, and Count DE \VARRAS died on the
place.
This exploit happily achieved, Count IIAURICE with the
army, returned that cvening, to Turnhout (where the Castl

I I8 15,000 DUTCH TROOPS INVADE FLANDERS. [sir '.

held by some of the enemy, yielded), and the next day,
marched to Gertruydenburg: and I, to accompany Sir
ROBERT SIDNEY (xvho took the next [nearest] way to his
Government [Governorship]), went with him to Williamstadt.
Where I did, on my part, truly and sincerely, touching the
other circumstances of the service; and was very friendly,
when I ruade mention of him.
I gave him my letters to read, and then to one of his
Captains to deliver in Egland: but my letters xvere held
back ; and his, that were far more partially written, delivered.
Which art of doubleness changed the love I had so long borne
him, into a deep dislike that could not be soon digested.

THE year of our Lord 6oo, the enemy's forces
being weak and in mutinies, and his affairs in
disorder ; the States resolved to make an offensive
war in Flanders, as the fittest place to annoy the
enemy most and to secure their own State, if they
could recover the coast towns : which was the scope of the
entevprise.
As this action was of great importance, so were the meet-
ings and consultations about it many: to which, though
umvorthy, I myself was called. Where, amongst other
things, the facility of the execution coming in question ; it
was, by most, affirmed that the enemy was hot able nor durst
adventure to meet us in the field : which I hot only opposed
in opinion ; but more particularly, made it appear that with-
in fourteen days of out landing in Flanders, they might and
vould be with us, to offer fight, as afterwards, it fell precisely
out.
The army embarked with purpose to have landed at
Ostend; but finding the vind contrary when we came to
Zealand, upon a new consultation, it was resolved to disem-
bark upon the coast of Flanders, lying on the river Schelde :
and accordingly, by a small fort called the Philippines, we
tan our vessels, which were fiat bottomed after the manner
oI the country, aground at a high xvater ; which, the ebb

] TIIEY ARRIVE NEAR TO NIEUPORT. Il 9

eoming, lay on dry ground; and so with much ease and
readiness, we landed both horse and foot.
Our army consisted of about x2,ooo foot and 3,oo0 horse;
and was divided into three parts, cornmitted to several Com-
manders, viz., the Count EARNEST of Nassat, the Count
SOLMES, and myself.
My troops consisted of 1,6oo Englibmen, 2,500 Frisons
[Frisians], and ten COlnets [squadrons] of horse: with vhich
troops, I took my turn of Vanguard, Battle, and Rereward,
as it fell out.
\Ve marched through the country fo Ecloo and Bruges,
and so to Oldenburg, a tort of the enemy not far from
Ostend, which the enemy had abandoned, as also some others
of less strength; by which means, the passage to Ostend
was open and free.
The army encamped and rested there [at Oldenbm',] tvo or
three days, to refresh us with victuals: especially drink,
vhereof the army had suffered great want, the vater of the
country ve had passed [through], being, for the most part,
very troubled [muddy] and moovish [boggy].
If was again consulted, Where the army should be first
employed, whether in taking the forts the enemy held in the
low and broken grounds about Ostend, or in the siege of
Nieuport ?
The latter being resolved on, the States, vho had all this
while marched and abode vith the army, departed to Ostend,
as the fittest place to reside in : and the Count SOLMES, vith
his part of the army, was sent the direct vay to Ostend, to
take the fort Albertus, and open the passage betvixt that
town and Nieuport.
The Count ]XIAçRICE, vith the rest of the army, leaving
the fort of Oldenburg and the others which the enemy had
forsaken, vell guarded (as vas behooveful, because without
forcing them, the enemy could not corne to us but by fetching
a great compass), marched by Itemskerk towards a fort called
the Damme, upon the river [YlSerlee] that goeth to Nieupolt :
but finding the country veak and moovish, and hot able to
bear the veight of our carriages and artillery, returned to a
small village not far from Hemskerk, and lodged there.
Thence, ve crossed through the meadovs to the seaside,
filling many ditches, and laying bridges to pass the waters,

[-Sir F. Vere.
I20 TIIE SPANISII ARM¥" FOLLOWS AFTER TIIE?,I. L 16o6.

whereof that country is full. And so, with much ado, we
got to the downs by the seaside : and encamped, about some
cannon shot from the fort Albertus; which vas rendered
before to the Count SOLfiES.
In the morning, early, ve marched upon the sea sands
towards Nieuport ; and, at the ebb, »vaded the river on that
side that maketh the haven of that tmw : and so encamped.
We spent two or three days in quartering and entrenching
ourselves in places of best advantage, for our own safety and
the besieging of the tovn; laying a stone bridge over the
narrowest of the haven for our carriages and troops to pass
to al,id fro, at ail times, if occasion required.
In the meantime, the Count vas advertised from those of
Ostend, and tbose of Oldenburg, that the enemy, vith good
tloops of horse and foot, were corne and lodged near the fort
{Old«nburg]. \Vhereupon, consulting, the opinions were
divers, the most agreeing that it was only a bravado ruade of
Rv.«s ; who, ve had heard before, had gathered between 3,ooo
or 4,ooo together, near the Sluis, to divert us from our enter-
prise : and that upon our remove tovards him, he would make
his retreat to the Sluis again.
But this falling out jump vith the calculation I had before
ruade, I insisted that it was the gross [bulk] of their army ;
that it was needful for us, vithout delay, to march thither
with out army also, lest that fort and the rest fell into
the enemy's hands: who might then corne and lodge at our
backs, and cut off the passage to Ostend, to the extreme
annoyance of the army: that in using diligence to prevent
the enemy's taking these forts, we might at once block up
and besiee those of the enemy held on the low and drowned
lands; which enterprise had been in question and debated
as of equal importance with that of Nieuport.
Notwithstanding that my reasons seemed well grounded;
the Count MatR[cE was (as he is naturally) slow in resolving,
so as, for that time, no other thing vas done.
The saine night came messenger uponmessenger, that first,
the enemy had cannon; then, that they of the fort were
summoned in the Archduke's name ; after, that it vas yielded
npon conditions. And thrice that night was I called flon my
rest, upon these several alarms, vhich confirmed me in my
former opinion, upon which I insisted, with this change ; that

Slr.ï'XerelTIIE DUTCII ARM¥ TURNS BACK. I21
- . 6o6._1

xvbereas my first purpose was to stop the enemv's passage
under the favour of tbose forts: now, that occasion lost, we
were to match to the hither moutb of the passage xve ourselves
had made through tbe low grounds, and to occupy the saine,
which was the shortest and readiest xvay the enemy had to
the downs and seaside.
The Count MAt'RItE liked it xvell, and resolved to send
forthwitb the Count EARNEST, with 2,5oo footmen and 5oo
horsemen, vith some artiilery aiso and provisions, to
entrench upon the saine passage; saying : " He would follow
and second tbem, with the rest of the army, in due season."
\Vhich course I could hot approve nor alloxv of, sbewing my
reasons, how this dividing of forces might endanger the
vhole; for I knew the enemy would, in ail likelihood, use all
possible diligence to get through this passage, and might
vell do it with his Vanguard and a part of lais forces, before
the arrival of these men ; which, being so fev, vould hot be
able to make resistance : whereas our vhole army marching,
if the enemy had been fuily passed the lov grounds, we had
our forces united to give them battle according to the
resolution taken, if he sought us or came in our way. If
part of his army were only passed, which vas the likeliest ;
the shortness of rime, the hindrance of the nigbt, and the
narrowness of the vay considered : then we had undoubted
victoly. If xve xvere there before him, the passage vas ours.
About midnight, the Count [EARNEST] had his despatch
and order to take of those troops that were with the Count
SoLts, as readiest for that service. The test of the army
xvas commanded to march down to the haven's side by the
break of day, to pass with the first ebb.
It was my turn then to bave the Vanguard, xvbich made
me careful not to be xvanting in my duty : so as in due rime,
my tl-oops were at the place appointed.
And because the water was hot yet passable, I went mvself
fo the Count iIAuRICE to knov his further pleasure ; w]aom
I found by the bridge, with most of the chief Officers of
the army: whither hot long after, news was bvought ulatO
him, that the enemy vas passed the dovns and marching
towards us ; which struck him into a dump.
I told him that all possible speed must be used to pass the
forces before the enemy vere possessed of the other side of

/-F. %rereo
122 IESCIPTION OF THE GROUNI-) OF THE BATTLE. L ? d-

the haven : that therefore, I would go to my troops, to take
the first opportunity of the tide ; desiring him to give me his
further orders what I was to do, when I had passed the
haven.
He villed me, to do all things, as I saw cause myself. Call-
ing to him the Count Lolowct of NASSAV, who then
commanded the horse as General, he bade him go along
with me, and follow my directions.
So I left the Count I[AURICE, and went to my troops ; and
so soon as the tide served, I passed my men as they stood in
their battalions.
The soldiers would have stripped themselves to have kept
their clothes dry ; as I had willed them when I crossed the
haven first: but then I thought it not expedient, the enemy
being so near ; and therefore willed them " to keep on their
clothes, and not to care for the wetting of them: for they
should either need none, or have better and dryer clothes to
sleep in that night."
\Vhen the troops of the Vanguard were passed, I left the
footmen standing, ranged in their order, betwixt the downs
or sand hills and the sea; and with the horse, advanced
towards the enemy whom ve might discover afar off coming
towards us by the seaside. Not to engage a skirmish or
fight, but to choose a fit place to attend them in, which was
now the only advantage we could by industry get of the
enemy: for by the situation of the country, that skill and
dexterity we presumed to excel our enemy in (which vas the
apt and agile motions of our battalions) was utterly taken
from us.
For the space behvixt the sea and the sand hills or
downs, was commanded by the said hills, which are of
many heads reared and commanding one another, containing
so much breadth in most places that our troops could not
occupy the whole ; and were everywhere so confusedly packed
together, so brokenly and steeply, that the troops could
neither well discern what was done a stone's cast before
them, nor advance forward in any order, to second [sup])ortl if
need were. And on the other side of the downs towards the
firm land, if the whole breadth were hot possessed, the enemy
might pass to the haven of Nieuport, where our bridge and
most of our shipping yet lay on the dry ground, and spoil

$ir,F. Vere.-] VERE EXTEMPORISES A KIND OF I)LEVNA. 2 3
xo6.J

and burn them in our vicw. Ail vhich inconveniences, I
vas to prevent.
Finding therefore, a place where the hills and downs
stood, in a manner divided with a hollow bottom, the bottom
narrover and the hills higher to the seaside and North than
tovards the inland and South, vhich tan clean thxvart from
the sea sands to the inland; the dovns also there being
of no great breadth, so that we might conveniently occupy
them with out front, and command as well the seashore as
the way that lay betwixt the lov inland and the foot of the
clowns: in tbat place, on the hither side of that bottom, I
resolved to attend the enemy. And tberefore, having caused
my troops to advance, I drexv from the vhole Vanguard
about I,OOO men : viz., 25o Englishmen ; the Count iXIAuRICE'S
Guard, and such other companies as usually marched with
it, 250 ; and of the Frisons, 500, which were all musketeers :
the other two troops consisting of Shot and l°kes.
The English and 5 ° of the Count's Guard [i.e., 300 in all],
I placed on the top of the hill that la), more advanced than
the rest ; which being steep and sandy, vas hOt easily fo be
mounted, and in the top, so hollow that the men lay covered
from the hills on the other side, and might fight from it as
from a parapet.
Just behind this hill, about IOO paces, vas another far
more high, on the top ofwhich also, I placed the other 2oo
of the Troops of the Guard; on vhich also, with a little
labour of the soldier, they lay at good covert.
These tvo hills were joined together vith a ridge some-
vhat lower than the former hill; which, endvise, lay East
and West; and, broadvise, looked tovards the South or
inland, and commanded all the ground passable. On the
outside, it was very steep, loose, sandy, and ill to be mounted ;
within, it was hollow. In which, I placed the 5oo Frison
musketeers, giving charge to the Officers to bestov their shot
only to the southvard, when rime should serve ; which vas
directly on our right side and flank, as we then stood turned
tovards the enemy.
Betwixt those two hills, on the left hand or flank looking
tovards the sea, I placed in covert in places for the purpose
(so near the sea sand, that they might with ease and good
order in an instant break into it), tvo of the four toops ofthe

ÇSr 1 . Vere.
I 2, "-IIE IUTCII OFFICERS WANT TO ADVANCE. k . 6o6.

English, making about 700 men, ranged vith their faces to
the northward, looking directly ri'oto our left flank. If the
enemy adventured to pass by us to the other troops, I meant
to leave them [the 7oo] in lais eye.
Upon the sands, more easterly than the inmost of the two
hills, I ranged in a front, with a space betvixt them, the other
txvo troops [=650 men] of tbe English : and a pretty distance
behind them, more to the seaward, the [2,000] Frisons in four
battalions ; tvo in front, vith a space to receive betvixt them
one of the otbertwo battalions that stood behind them,the files
and spaces betxvixt the troops being as close as might be con-
veniently, to leave the more space for the ranging the other
troops; vith a competent distance betwixt each troop, so as
one troop shadowed hot another, but ail might be in the
enemy's eye at one instant.
And thus tbe Vanguad occupied about one-third part of
the downs (leaving the rest to be manned as the occasion
should serve, by the other troops), and, on the left hand,
uttermost to the sea: and more advanced, I placed the horse-
lnen [i.e., the tcn squadrous].
I had scarce done this work, when tbe Count MAUIICE, with
the chier Commanders of the army, came to the head of my
troops; where, on horseback, and in the hearing of ail standers
by (which were many), he put in deliberation, Whether he
should ad»ance with lais army towards the enemy, or abide
their coming ?
Those that spake, as in such cases most men will not seem
fearful, counselled to march forvard : for that they thought it
would daunt the enemy, and make the victory the more easy :
whereas in attending him, he would gather courage out of the
opinion ofour feav, or take the opportunity ofour stayto fortify
upon the passage to Ostend, to cut off our victuals and retreat.
I alleged that their army (that had been gathered in haste,
and brought into a country wherethey intended no such war)
could neither have provision of victuals with them for any
time, nor any magazines in those parts to furnish them, nor
other store in that wasted country, and in that latter end of
the year to be expected : so as to fear, there vas none, that
they should seat themselves there to starve us that had store
of victuals in our shipping, and the sea open to supply us,
with ail sailing winds. And for the vain courage, they should

$ir.Vere.-] COUNT I'[AURICE AWAIîS THE ENEMY. I' 5
. x66./

get by our supposed fear, after so long a march with climbing
up and down those steep sandy hills, in the extremity of heat,
wearied and spent belote they could corne to us, and then
finding us fresh and lusty, and ready to receive them in our
strength of advantage, it would turn to their greater confusion
and terror,
They persisted, and as it were, with one voice opposed : so
as, in the end, I was moved to say that " all theworld could
hot make me change my counsel."
The Count MAtJRCE was pleased to like of it, resolving
not to pass any further towards the enem.y; and for the
ordering of things, reposed so much trust m me as that
he believed they were well, without viewing the places or
examining the reasons of my doings : but returned, to give
order to the rest of the army, which, as the water ebbed, he
enlarged to the seaward, next the vhich the horsemen were
placed ; and six pieces of ordnance were advanced into the
head Ifrontl of the Vanguard.
In this order, we stayed ; and the enemy, though still in
the eye, moved hOt forward for the space of two hours, and
then, rather turning from us than advancing, they crossed
the downs and rested other two hours at the foot of them,
towards the land : which confirmed their opinions that held
he would lodge.
13ut we found reasons out of all their proceedings to keep
us from wavering. For it was probable to us, that the enemy
overvearied and tired with that night and day's travel ; and
seeing us passed the haven of Nieuport, vherein to have
hindered and prevented us was the greatest cause of this
baste, whilst he saw us stirring and orderinourselves, might
hope that we (that were fresh, now passed, and engaged to
fight) would advance, the rather to have the help of our
troops with the Count EARNEST, if perchance he were retired
to Ostend, which, the nearer the fight were to that place,
might be of most use to us; or else if we had heard of their
defeat, we would be drawn on with revenge. 13ut when they
saw that we held our place, hot moving forward, being out of
that hope; and not provided to make any long stay, for the
reasons belote mentioned : they might resolve to refresh them-
elves, and then to advance towards us ; for which, that side
was more convenient than the bare sea sands.

ÇF- Vere.
126 SPANISH FOOT OF UNCONQUERED VETERANS. L- 6o6.

Withal xve considered, that their chieftrust resting in their
footmen (which were old trained soldiers, and to that day,
unfoiled in the field) ; they would rather attend the growing of
the tide, wbich vas then at the lovest, that the scope of the
sands might be less spacious and serviceable for horsemen.
About half flood, they crossed again the downs to the sea
sands, and marched forward, sending some light-horsemen
far before the troops. One of which, as we supposed, suffered
himself to be taken; who being brought to the Courir
IAURICE, told him aloud that the Count EARNES" was
defeated; and that he should presently have battle, aug-
menting the number, bravery, and resolution of their men.
The loss of our men we had understood before, and there-
fore were careful to bave but few present at the hearing
ofthe prisoner; whose mouth being stopped by the Count
MAUIICE'S order, the test that heard it bewrayed it, either in
word or countenance, to the soldiers.
The enemy growing nearer and nearer, and their horsemen
coming, in the head of their troops, in a competent distance
to have been drawn to a fight ; I would very willingly bave
advanced the horsemen of the Vanguard near to them, and
with ome choice and well-mounted men, bave beaten in
their carabin [eer]s and skirmishers to their gross [main body],
with propose, if they had been charged again, to bave retired
in haste with the said Vanguard of horse betwixt the sea and
the Vanguard of foot: and having drawn them from their
foot, under the mercy of our ordnance, and engaged to the
rest of our horse, to bave charged and followed them reso-
lutely.
This advice could not savour to that young nobleman [Cotmt
LODOII'ICK of ]çSSA U], that was hOt well pleased vith the
power that Courir MAUImE had given me over his charge ;
and therefore was hot by him put in execution : who chose
rather, as the enemy advanced leisurely, so he, in like sort,
to recule C, retire] towards the foot.
This counsel of mine taking no better effect, and their horse-
men being now corne within reach of our cannon ; I ruade the
motion to have them discharged, which was well liked, and
so well plied that we ruade them scatter their troops, and in
disorder fly for safety into the doxvns : which had doubtless
given us the victory vithout more ado, if our horsemen had

Sir F. Vere.-]
BOTH ARMIES PASS INTO TIIE DOWNS. fo 7
Y i6o6..J -

been ready and willing to have taken the benefit of that
occasion.
Their footmen, out of out reach, kept on their way alongst
the sands; and the sooner to requite us, advanced their
ordnance a good distance before thcm, and shot roundly at
us and did some hurt.
The water now grew very high, so au both we and they
vere forced to streighten [n.arrow] our front. And the
enemy--whether of purpose, as aforesaid, to fight with more
advantage (as he took it), xvith lais foot in the downs ; or to
avoid the shot of out ordnance (for he could hot be so care-
less as to be surprised with the tide, and so be driven to this
sudden change)--put ail his forces, as xvell horse as foot, into
the downs; which horse crossed to the green way betwixt
the lowlands and the clowns.
Ail out horsemen stood with out Rerexvard. Hereupon
out Vanguard altering order, our Battle and Rerevard
passed into the downs, and (in the saine distances, backward
and sidewards, as they had been on the sands on my left
hand before) ranged themselves. So as the front of the
three bodies of foot filled the breadth of the downs: ail the
horsemen being placed on the green .way betwixt the lowland
and the foot of the downs; hot m any large front, but
[ccheloned] one in the rail of another, as the narrowness of
the passage enforced.
I found a fit place on the top of a hill, from whence the
green way on the inside of the dmvns might be commanded
with ordnance ; on vhich, by the Count M,xumcr his order,
two demi-cannon were presently mounted.
The enemy growing very near, I told the Count " If was
rime for me to go to my charge ;" asking him, "\Vhether he
would command me any more service."
He said, "No! but to do as I saw cause." Willing us
the Chiefs that stood about him, to advise him in what part
of the army he should be personally ? \Vhereunto, we ail
answered, that for many reasons, he vas to keep in the
rearward of ail : which he yielded unto.
So I went to the Vanguard, and after I had vieved the
readiness and order of the several troops, the enemy now
appearing at hand ; I (the better to discover their proceed-
ings, and for the readier direction upon all occasions, as also

I-Sir F. Verê.
I28 ./kDVANCE OF THE PANISII. SKIR/IISIIERS. L ?

with my presence to encourage our men in the abiding of the
first brunt), took my place in the top of the foremost hill
belote mentioned. Where I resolved to abide the issue of
that day's service, as well because the advantages of the
ground we had chosen were [favourable] to stand upon the
defence ; as also for that, in that uneven ground, to stir from
place to place (as is usual and necessary in the execution
and performance of the office of a Captain, where the country
is open and plain), I should not only have lost the view of
the enemy (upon vhose motions, in such cases, our counsels
of execution depend), but of my troops, and they of me;
which must needs have caused many unreasonable and
confused commandments.
ïhe enemy's Forlorn Hope of harquebussiers, having got
to the tops of the hills and places of most advantage, on the
other side of this bottom before mentioned, izegan from
thence to shoot at us, whilst their Vanguard approached :
which now growing near at hand, 5oo Spanish Pikes and
Shot mingled, without ensigns or precise order, gave upon
the place where myself was, and very obstinately, for the
space of a great half-hour, laboured to enter and force it;
favoured [covcrcd] with more store of Shot from the tops of
their hills, the gross of their Vanguard standing in some
covert from the Shot with me, on the other side of the
bottom.
In the meantime, the Vanguard of their horse advanced
along the greeu way (so often mentioned) betwixt the low
inland and the downs, towards our horse that stood more
backward against the flank of our Battle. Our two pieces of
ordnance were discharged from the top of the hill to good
effect and well plied; and when they came nearer, and
thwart our right flank, the 5oo Frison musketeers (who, as
I have befole said, were destined to bestov their shot that
way) did their part, and so galled them, that, upon the first
proffer of a charge which our horsemen made, they were put
into a disordered retreat, even to their troops of foot: our
horsemen following them in the tail ; vho were fain, there, to
give them over. At the saine instant, I gave orders that a
xoo men should be sent from the tbremost troop of foot I
had laid, as aforesaid, in the downs, to bave given upon the left
[? right] flank ofthe enemy, if he attempted to pass by us upon

SirF. Vere.-] TERRIBLE CONFLICT AGAINST GREAT ODDS. I2 9
. 6o6._.1

the sands ; and as covertly as they could to approach and
give upon the right flank of those that xvere in fight with me.
\Vhen they xvere corne up, and at hands with the enemy ;
I sent from the hill where I was, by a holloxv descent, some
60 men to charge them in front; which amazed the enemy,
and put them to run, our men chasing and killing them till
they had passed the bottom, and came to the gross of their
Vanguard -" from which xvere disbanded anew, the like num-
ber [500] as belote, who followed out men, and seized on
some heights that were in the bottom somewhat near us,
covering their Pikes under the shadow of the hills, and play-
ing with the Shot, from the tops, upon out disbanded and
skirmishing men.
I sent to drive them from thence, being loth they should
gain ground upon us, one of the saine troops, from xvhence I
had drawn the IOO men before mentioned, with orders only to
make that place good.
This was a bloody morsel that we strove for. For whilst
our men and theirs were not covered with the hanging of the
hills ; as they advanced or were cbased, they lay open to the
shot, not only of those that were possessed of those little hills,
but also of the others higher which poured in greater tem-
pests upon them: so as the soldiers that I sent hasted, as for
their safety, to get the.., side of the hill; and the enemy, for
like respect, abode their coming with resolution. So as, in
an instant (as the hill was round and mountable), the men
came to handiblows, upon the whole semicircle of it, with
much slaughter on both sides; till in the end, the enemy
was forced to retire,
In the meantime, the 13attle of the enemy's foot were
corne up to the gross of the Vanguard: which as it had
taken the right hand of the dovns so did the 13attle, with
some distance between them, though even in front. Having
been well welcomed with out Shot from the tops of the hills ;
the 13attle stayed in as good covert as the place would afford,
sending fresh men to beat ours from those grounds of advan-
tage in the bottom ; so as, ours beg, inning to give back, I
sent a new supply to make good the place in this bottom ;
sometimes getting, and sometimes losing ground.
The fight was still maintained with new supplies on both
sides. \Vherein I persevered, though with loss of men
.E.VG, G.IR. VIT, 9

E F. ,ere.
I32 THE ENGLISIt FOOT DRIVEN ]3ACK, BUT RALLY. ? x6o6.

hexv them the way to flee: hoping still for the coming of
the Frisons and the horse I sent for.
But their haste xvas so small, that my men [i.e., tltose in the
bottom], overlaid xvith numbers, forsook the place, notwith-
standing my best efforts to stay them; hasting along the
sands, towards our cannon ; the enemy following them hard.
I was forced, seeing them all going, to go for company,
vith the last; uneasily and umvillingly, GOD knovs! and
in the vay, my horse fell dead under me and upon me, that
I could hot stir.
I had neither Officer, Gentleman, nor servant about me, to
give me help. Sir ROBERT DRtTR'," by chance came ; and a
Gentleman, being a servant of his, called HGHA.Xt [see b" I36-,
drev me from under the horse, and set me up behind his
toaster; vhich help came vel3z seasonably, for the enemy
being near af hand when I fell, by this means, I vas saved
out of their clutches.
Thus I rode to the ordnance, where I found my brother
HORACE [aftcrwards Lord VERE] and the most of the
Officers that were living, vith some 300 [? English] foot.
I ruade them stand from before the ordnance, and willed
the canoneers to discharge upon the enemy that now
swarmed upon the sands.
At the saine instant, my own company of horse and
Captain BALL'S coming thither ; I -illed them to go to the
charge ; and my brother with the foot to advance and second
them home.
This small number of horse and foot ruade an exceeding
great change on a sudden. For the enemy in hope of
victory, followed hard; and being upon the sands, where
horse might serve upon them, were soon routed and most
of them cut in pieces ; the rest saving themselves by flight
as they could, in the downs. Our men, both horse and
foot, followed them.
Their t3attles, where their Ensigns remained, began to stir
and rouse themselves; rather for defence than to revenge
themselves -. for they advanced not.
Our men, from the top of the hills, who had kept their
places from the beginning, having by this means, a fair mark,
plied them with shot. Our English soldiers, on all hands,
with new courage resorted fo the fight; and finding these

elr,F. Vere.] OO OUT OF 1,6oo ENGLIStI KILLED OR HuRT. i33

Battles very small and thin (by reason of the men they had
sent to supply the fight ; especially of Shot, which in these
uneven places were of most service), pelted them with our
shot, and pressed upon them to make them recule.
The Count ]IAURICE, seeing things on these terms, caused
the Battle to advance, and his horsemen to make a proffer
upon the enemies. Upon which sight, without attending
any strokes, the enemy routed, and was chased out of the
field.

In this Last Charge, I folloved not. [See Sir yOHN OGLE'S
accourir ofit af b,b. I36-I39.] For seeing the success upon the
sands, and knowing that my directions in the prosecution of
the victory would be executed ; I could easily judge that the
work of that day vas at an end. And therefore I began to
tare and provide for myself: vho, all this while had been
undressed, the blood leaking from me at four holes: which,
together with a dangerous disease that had long held me,
had made me extremely weak and faint.
The enemy lost above I2O Ensigns [¢olonrs]o Most of his
foot were slain : but not many of his horse lost.
On our side, in a manner, the whole loss fell upon the
English ; of whom, nearly 800 were hurt or slain. Eight
[English] Captains were slain; of the rest, ail but tvo were
hurt, and most of my inferior offlcers were hurt or slain.
In the rest of the army, there was no loss at all, to speak
of: especially among the foot.
I dare hot take the whole honour of the victory to the
poor English troop of 1,6oo men ; but leave it to be judged
by those that may give their censure, with less suspicion of
partiality.
I vill only affirm that they left nothing for the rest of the
army to do, but to follow the chase: and that it bath not
been heard of, that, by so small a number, in a ground so
indifferent, vhereof the only advantage was the choice and
use of the same, without help of spade or other instrument
or engine of fortifying, so great and so victorious an army as
the Archduke's, had been so long wrestled withal, and so far
spent.
Yet this victory had been as assured vith less loss, and

x34 TItE BATTLE MIGHT HAVE BEEN EASIER WON. ESirï "Vere

touch of reproach (if to give ground to a stronger may be
subject to a disgraceful imputation), had the succours of
horse or the foot I called for, corne sooner to us : wherein I
will charge and accuse none, but the messengers of their
¢,.lackness.

4 accottnt of the Last C]mrze at
}Vieu]ort battle,

by Sir j o H N
to Sir

Lieutenant-Colonel
FR.NClS VERE

HE English, who, as that great Ca]#ah Sir
FRANClS VERE wcll notcth, had bomle the
burthc» of the day (overlaid with nuntbc.
and wearicd with fight, thcir succour
coming fo them in lime), wcre forced to reffre
thcmsdvcs in sttch ordcr as they could,
the dowus fo the strand : whcre meeting, but
late, with the [2,ooo] Frisons ; they, like god
fdlows, to kec us comçany Il] turned all fairly back again
us, and so we both .marched away logether in one confused troop.
Some loose horsemcn of the cnemy came u close to us, and
kil&d of out men, thrustiç dive of them, with their raicrs,
under their armour, in, at their backs.
Thcir foot followed lcisurely, and were aloof, as ot knowing
how suddenly we might htrn and make hcad agah ; for our
kept both their arms, attd in troop : which Sir FRANClS VERE,
upon occasion give» by some sfi¢eches of mine, noted fo me for a
good sigu.
Neither was out treat or the encmy's pursuit of any extra-
ordinary swift fiace ; as may be easily gathcred by lhe considcr-
ation bolh of lheir and our motions. For we had lhe lcisnre,
ihough [ confess hot without danger, lo htck out Cafitain from
tnder his horse, and mouttl him again behind anolh¢r, as he

I-Sir J. Ogle.
36 SIR JoI OGLE RALLIES TIIE
ENOLISH.

himsclfhath told in his own Rclation [ib. 132] : whcrein I canuot but
wondcr that itdhleased him hot to make any mcn.tion of me as wcll
as HIGHAM ; since his blood, which rcmaincd o my clothes so
loug after as I thought fit fo wcar them, witncssed clcarly that I
could hot be far from him whct that office that came so "scaso;-
ably" and in so good a rime, as he saith, was cformed unto
him.
In this retrcat of ours, thcre wantcd no persuasions, as well by
Sir FRANCIS VERE himself as some olhers, to more out mon
fo stand and tm'n : for we saw a kind of fidntncss and irresolu-
tion, cven in. those that pttrstted us nearest. A nd it is certain (if
we may call anything ccrtait whose effects we have hot yct secn)
that if thet we had htrncd and stood, we had prcvented that
Storm of Fortune, whcrcin we werc aftcr threatcned ; af least, we
had savcd many of out metds lives. But such arehensions of
f«ar and amazcmcnt had laid hoht of their spirils, as no #crsuasio
cottM, for that time, get any place with thcm.
Sir FANCIS VEE with his fro@ formcrly mentioncd [p. 132]
took his way towards the cannon., along the sands : whcre ho, by
his chiruVcon ; thcy, by thcir fellows, might h@e of succour.
I bcingfaint and wcmy throçgh heat and much stirring, took
some few with me, and crosscd into the downs ; thcre awhile fo test
ne, till I should sce how the sttcceeding cvcuts would teach to
dispose of mysclf, cither by direction or advcntm'e.
I was no sooncr corne thithcr lin the downs], but I met with
Catain [CHARLES] FAIRFAX [brother of EDWARD FAIRFAX
the Poet], an,t young Mastcr GILBERT (E'ho soo aflcr was slain
near unto us). Thcre we consulted what we shouM do. But the
rime and place affording no long ddibcration, taught us fo resolve
that the bcst exçcdicnt for our sa[dy was to endeavour the seedy
incrcase of the liftle m«mbcr which we had with us. I hink
thcy wcre 3 o mon. Having brought whicl fo a reasonable
comctcncy ; our fi«rlhcr mose was to give a charge when we
should find it most exdient, that so, with our honours, we might
çut an cnd to those uncertainties, the fortune of the day had, fo
out ju@mcnts, then thrown .uçon us.
If was hot long ere hat out little body was mult@licd fo bctter than
IOO mcu. For the loosc and scattcred began, of thcmseh,es, with-
out labour, fo rally uno us. So much rcvails Union even in a
littlc body : for whilst to it the brokc, and disbanded ones do
willingly @r thcmselvcs for s@t), and rotcction ; they them-

ir J. Ogle.' T
. x6,o.l--tlE LAST CIIARGEAT NIEUPORT. 137'

selves, by adding of strcngth fo that body, hot only incrcasc the
number thereof, but do givc and takc thc grcatcr secnrity fo them-
sclves and others.
IVe were, all this whilc, within lcss lhm» a muskct shot of a
gross [brigade] of thc encmy, which stood in a hollow or bottom
within the dowus : the hills about it, giving good shcltcr against
thc dros of our shot ; for the showcrs [volleys] of lhcm, as also
of thc enemy's, werc sent and fallcn beforc. But ncithcr were
the hills so high, nor so stce, that lhey could forbid entry and
commodious #assage of chming, eithcr lo out horse or #ot.
The gross had hot many wanting of ,ooo mcn i» it ; and
spying, as if should secm, our little handful (which af the first they
night »cradvcnture ncglect or contcm in rcgard it was so small
a tumbcr) now begin fo gathcr somc bulk and strcngth, thought it
hot uufit to revcnt a furthcr growth : and to this cnd, seul out
15o men with colonrs [i.e., footmen], closcly and covertly as thcy
cozdd, along the skirt of the downs, ncxt the inland and southward,
with mose to charge o the flank or back of us; whick thcy
miflt vcy convenicntly do, as we thcn stood.
Thcse men advanced vcy nigh us, crc we dcscried them. : whcn,
lo, just upo» the rime of their discovcry and of out nen beiuff
ready to fidl u#on them, cornes Sir HORACE VERE On hoeback
from the strand (it shodd sccm fmm the ursuit of the enemy,
whom the horse had scattered, mentioncd by his brother Sh"
FANcts VE [p. I32), with a troop of some 2oo [foot] men,
marching along the downs towards us.
In this troo#, there were with him, Captain Svrro ; his [Sir
ORACE'S] OWlt Lieutenant Colonel, LOIVELL, that commauded
Sir RANCIS VERE'S foot collt#alty ; and some Licut¢nanls.
[ORGAN also came fo us, about the saine time that ff AIRFAX and
I [vith the IOO foot] joined unto him. And thcse were the
Offcers that were afoot b» the Last Chac.
The disbauded troops [the above 15o men] of the cncmy,
seehg us strengthencd with such supflies, thouht it their fittct
course to haslen the» [back] the saine way thcy camc forth towç, rds
Cafitab» FAIRFAX attd I would bave chm2ffcd : but Sir HORACE
VERE willed us to join out troops [evidently both were foot-
men] with his ; attd said we should go t¢thcr and give one
good chae for ail, ufiott that great troofi wh&h we saw stood firm
bcfore us.

I38 TIE CxvAI.Iv JOI IN TIIE CIIARGE. Sirl.O»"le-,6o,.

We had now with us, ottr trools bchtg johted, about some rive
.Ensigns [-- about 35 ° footmen], amongst which, was
owt ; whiclt, aftcr, was lost i, the Charge, but rccovered agai, by
ny Officr.
The vigilant and judicious eye of His Exccllcncy Prince
][AURICE was, il shouAt scem, ufiot, out actions and motions ail
tkis while. For, as I bave bec, informed, he sceing us mak¢
head, said fo those that stood about him, Voyez! voyez les
Anglais [ qui tournent à la charge and thezufion gave #resent
order fo DuBos, thctt Commissay Gcneral for thc Cavalry, fo
advance some o] the horse, fo be «eady fo attend and fortify the
evctts that might happcn upon this growing Charge. This I bave
tot of knowlcdge ; but from such hands as if wcre ill bcseeming
ne, or any nau, to question the cdit of one of that tank, qttality,
and rcutalion.
Our troo now, and thc disban&d troofi of thc cnemy marched
both towards tltis gross, almost with cqnal #ace, saving that their
baste was a littlc grcatcr according to the #roortiot of their
danger if thcy had fifflen into ottr clutches, being thct, too strong
for thcm, ere thcy rccovcrcd the shcltcr of thc& owu gross.
Il such baste, lhcy could hot make, but that we were with
them befo thcy had wholly cast thcmsclves into their frieuds"
rms : who oficn9tg fo rcceivc thcm, facilitatcd hot a lift& the çassagc
of out Chae, as we thct fdl in #csle ncsle togclhcr amongst
thcm.
Much about this rime, came i the horse, riz., the troos of [Sir
FANClS] VERE, [Sir EDWARD] CEClL, and [Cafilaiu] BALL,
[see p. 132] ; who rushing it, with vio&nce atnottgst lhcm, so co-
fomtdcd attd amazed them, that they wcre #rcseutly brokeu and
disjoiMed : which bcing done, thc slaughtcr was as grcat fo them
ot thcir side, as thc cxecutiot, was casy to us ou ottrs.
This rupture also of theirs was hot a little furthcrcd by the
A rchduke's ow troop oj Harquebusseers ; wh&h having advanced
somewhat bcfore this gross
land and the highcr downs, was so encounlercd by CEClL attd his
troop (who had as thcn received orders, by DuBors, fivm his
Excellency, to chac) that thcy wcre forced, with cotEEusiou fo
seek succour amongst their foot : CEClL following them in close af
their backs.
VERE attd BALL, as
having crosscd iulo thc downs ri'oto the sands attd torth side

SJ. Oge.-] TIIIS CIIARGE WINS TIIE DAl'. x39
6o.J

lowards the sca. It shoztld secm that havh,g broken and scattcrcd
the enemy, who, as Sir FRANClS VERE himsdf rdatcth, were by
thcm drive into the downs [p. I32 ; and sccin X Sir H ORACE VERE
also to bave takcn his way thithcr : thcy tho«ght if erhas con-
vcnicnt to hover thcmabouts, and to hold an cye uo» our and tla
cnc»o,'s actions; the mthcr bccause th O, might disccr» Sir
HORACE VERE OW makig a ucw hcad. And so sccing us
charge, chargcd also with
first dizctions give» and mcntioned by Sir FRANClS VERE.
And this, by all probable conjecture, must also be the cause why
Sir FRANCIS VERE, in his discorse, makcth no mcntic» of Sir
EDWARD CECIL. For hc hot having his diçctio, from him to
charge, but from his Excdlcncy, as himsdf [CEClL] bath told
me ; Sir FRANClS VERE (bcing ignorant thcreof ; and himsdf
likcwise hot at the Chargc in #crson, whercv he might take otice
of any man's firesence) would hot, as appcars, e.xose himeoE to
inter#retations, by making ao, furthcr rclaiion touching #articulars,
tha what might receive credit cithcr ri'oto his own eyes or
commandmcnts.
This Chaqe, through thc hand and #rouf of GOD, gave
tle day. lVhat #llowcd is bore almady set dow l that grcat
and wohy Caçtain, Sir FRA'ClS

T,e Si«g« of

as General.

N THE year of our Lord 16Ol, the States,
resolving to send their army, or a good part
thereof, into Flanders, to take those forts the
enemy held about Ostend, and by that means
to open the passage into that country, for the
greater annoyance thereof, ruade choice of
myself, though far unfit and unworthy of so
great a charge, fo command the said forces
Of which intent, I had flrst but only an inkling

given me ; and was by some principal persons of the State
.encouraged to accept the saine, and fo take upon me a
journey into England fo inform Her Majesty of that purpose;
and, with ail the necessary circumstances, fo frame her liking
to the enterprise, and fo induce her fo the yielding of the
succour of 3,ooo of ber subjects, fo be levied, transported,
and paid, at their own charge, and to be in the Low Countries
by the Ioth of May. With these special instructions for the
manner of the enterprise :
That for the better diversion of the enemy's forces from the
.quarter of Flanders, the Count M.,URICE should, with the
first season of the year, march towards ]3erg upon Rhine
[Rhcinbcrg]; and to make shew as if he xvould, but hot fo
engage lais forces in the siege of that tovn no otherwise but
that a good part thereof, especially the English, might be
sent towards Ostend, upon the first summons. Which to-
gether with 2,ooo soldiers fo be levied out of the garrisons of
Holland and Zealand, and the 3,ooo they ruade account of
out of England, should, on a sudden, be transported into
Flanders for the said enterprise.

SlrF. Wr«-I TIIE ARCHDUKE BESIEGES OSTEND. 4 r
. x66.J

With this errand, I passed into England, delivered the
whole plot to Her lIajesty, who liked and allowed thereof,
and with some difficulty, as her manner was, granted the
men to be levied and transported in ten days' warning. For
so the States desired, lest the overtimely stirring of them
before their other troops were landed in Flanders, might give
the enemy an alarm, to the difficulting of the enterprise.
Willing me, the grant obtained, to hasten over [back].
Before my coming into the Low Countries, the Count
MaumcE was marched towards Berg; and the enemy, that
had long threatened to besiege Ostend, with a good part of
his forces, was set down before that town: so that it vas
now question rather of defending, than of gaining more footing
in that quarter.
The States therefore dealt with me, to take upon me the
charge of the place, for which they gave me Commission, not
as Governor, but as " General of the Army employed in and
about Ostend," with very ample powers, as aforesaid : whereof
I accepted.
And they forthwith gave orders to the Count lIatrRmI, to
send into Holland the o English companies he then had in
the army. With which troops, I was to go into Ostend.
At the first, he made some difficulty to send any, having
engaged himself in the siege of Berg, his works for the defence
of the Quarter [forces covering the siege] not being finished, and
the enemy gathering head in Brabant, to succour and relieve
tbat town: in the end, with importunity, he sent eight
companies ; with which, my brother iSir HORACE VEE] came.
With these, being by the States put in good hope the test
should follov, and that I should be liberally supplied witl
forces, ammunition, and all necessaries for such a service: I
vent into the town, and landed, as I take it, the Ilth of
July, 16Ol, on the sands against the middle of the Old Town.
The enemy commanded the haven, so as there was no
entering by it ; and the use of the [rivcri Geule was hot then
known: and this place I landed at, was to be subject to
their ordnance; and the seege [rolling] of the sea such that
no shipping could lie there unbroken.
At my landing, iXlonsieur VANDERNOOD, the Governor, gave
me the keys.
In the town, I round about 3o companies of Netherlanders

i42 I)ESCRIPTION OF ITS FORTIFICATIONS. [_[-SirF'Vere'? x6o6.

,vhich ruade 1,6oo or 1,7oo men, newly divided into two
regiments ; whereof Monsieur VANDERNOOD had the one, and
Monsieur DE UTENBU1RGH had the othel': and my eight
companies might make 800 men.
The enemy had 3 ° pieces of cannon placed on the west
side, the most ,vithin a harquebuss shot off the town ; and six
on the east side : with which, they shot much into the town,
and did great harm to the buildings and men. Their army
,vas judged at 12,ooo men. The three parts [thereofJ on the
west side, quartered near Albertus, a great-cannon shot from
the town ; were commanded by the Archduke himself. The
other part were quartered upon the top of the downs, on the
east side, next the Geule.
Those of the town, belote my entrance had ruade a sally
on the west approaches : from which they were repulsed with
the loss of 300 men slain and hurt.
The town, to the land[ward] was vell flanked and high
rampiered, but with a sandy and mouldered [cr«anblil«g]
earth.
The Old Town, supposed free from battery, was rather
stronx against sudden attempts by palisadoes and such helps,
than by rampire and flanks [curtai» atd side bastios] to abide
the fury of the ordnance and force of approach : which not-
withstanding vas held to be the strongest part of the town,
as well for the reasons abovesaid, as for that it was hemmed
in on the one side ç'ith the Geule not passable, and on the
other with the haven which was passable only some four
hours in a ride.
The test of the town, besides the ditch which vas broad
and deep, was environed with a royal counterscarp, 'ith
ravelins [half-moons] of good capacity and defence against the
cannon, covering all the Bulwarks of ail the town but that
vhich they called the Peckell or East Bulwark [bastior],
"vhich needed hot that help, as lying directly upon the Geule,
and not to be assailed by any approach.
Upon the south, south-east, and south«vest of the town,
there is a plot of ground in the manner of an island, environed
on the east side with the Geule, to the southward with a
«hannel that runneth into the Geule, from the said Geule
directly westward into the river that (in former times, passed
through the Old Haven; and) now had lais course in the furthest

. w«q THE IMPORTANCE OF TtIE 13OULDER ]ï)ULWARK. 143
? 6o6._[

-place from the town not in distance above a harquebuss shot :
to the westward, by the old channel of the said river, by
which it passed into the Haven ; which was now separated
from the ditch of the Counterscarp by a low data near the
Poulder I3ulwark. This plot of ground, covering the tovn,
from the said I3ulwark to the Spanish Bulwark which lieth
upon the Geule, had, upon the south-west angle (which is
where the channel from the Geule mingleth with that of the
river to the haven), a little redoubt, open behind, and of no
force to resist the cannon.
To the southward of this Poulder Bulwark, the country is
broken by many creeks hot passable nor habitable for an
army, but by forced means; and in spring rides, for the most
part overflown.
On the west side, the ground, for a harquebuss shot from
the river (that runneth due west from the said Poulder), lay
low, and subject to the like overflowing at the spring tides :
but all the waters vere more passable, having fewer and
shallower creeks. From this bottom, the ground towards
ihe downs goeth higher.
t3etwixt these \Vest Downs (which near the toxvn, are
more loxv and level than the East ones) and the Porcpic
[Porcupine] (whlch is a Ravelin in the Counterscarp that
closeth the New Town on that side, by which the Old Haven
;passeth into the town), there lieth a down on which the haven
-beateth on the one side, and the water of the ditch of the
counterscarp on the other : being the only place, about that
town, by which an approach might be ruade on firm ground
to the vall of the town, and which therefore was held the
most weak and dangerous place.
But the cutting of the aforesaid dam, and letting the sea-
water into the ditch of the counterscarp was held a sure and
sucient means to prevent the enemy on that side. So as
indeed nothing was so much to be doubted [feared] as the
-enemy's passing into this piece of ground before mentioned,
called the Poulder: by vhich means, he might, notwith-
-standing out best endeavour, in short time, drain the ditches
of the counterscarp and the tovn ditch; and so, make lais
way to the rampier.
My first care therefore was to fortify and secure the said
Poulder against the enemy; and to make a safe place for our

144 VERE MAKES TWO NEW HAVENS FOR OSTEND. ÇSir F. Vere.
L ? z6o6.

shipping to unlade such provisions and commodities as, from
rime to time, should be brought unto us. VChich I readily
and easily performed by opening a passage in the counterscarp
near the West Poulder of the Spanish Ravelin ; by which
means, the vater from the Geule floved into the town ditch :
in vhich, with their masts stricken down, I have often seen
above one hundred vessels lie safe from the annoyance of the
enemy's great shot. \Vhich haven though the entry grew
more dangerous by the enemy's approaches, which, in process
of rime, they, with much cost, labour, and art, advanced, for
it lay within the high-water mark (on which they raised new
batteries), was used, during the siege, as the better inlet.
Albeit after, to avoid the great harm the enemy did to out
shipping at their going out, I made another cut, betwixt the
East Ravelin and the mount called the Moses Table, look-
ing northward and directly into the sea: vhich served the
turn, and saved many ships.
\Vhen my twelve companies [of English] which I expected
from Berg, vere arrived; I began, one night, to entrench a
piece of ground higher and firmer than the rest about it,.
lying nearer to the low dam before mentioned, which separated
the river that by the old channel had passed into the haven,
from the ditch of the counterscarp: which piece of ground,
stretched out in the form of a geometrical oblique or oblong,
towards the West had a watered ditch, such as in those parts
they use for enclosures [hedgcs]: and the whole plot, of
continent sufficient to receive 8o0 or 9oo men.
This field, I entrenched; taking the water ditch ter
advantage, without giving it any other form usual in fortifi-
cations ; so as, for the form and seat, it was called the \Vest
Square : because the westernmost face of it was vell flanked
from the West Bulwark and the West Ravelin, and the face
south-west from the angle of the Poulder where the channel
of the Geule and the channel of the old haven met: but
chiefly to hold as much room as I could.
For I expecting large numbers of men, doubted [feared].
more I should want means in that town, hemmed in with so.
many waters and ditches, to sally and use them abroad, as.
occasion should require ; than bodies to guard that which I
entrenched.
The morning after I had begun this work, the enemy-

sir F.v«,«.-],¢6.A MORE ENGLIS:iMEN COME INTO OSTEND. I45

turned divers pieces from the top of the downs upon it;
which notwithstanding my best industry, did much hurt
amongst my men, till the work was raised and thickened.
This plot put in reasonable defence, and part of the sup-
plies [t]e 3,000 men] granted by Her Majesty now arrived ; I
began to cast up a redoubt upon the like piece of ground for
firmness (but not fully half so big as the former) lying about
hall a harquebuss shot south-west from the angle of the
Poulder, close to the river that passeth from the said angle
westward, vhich served well to covert [lrotcct] the Poulder
on that side, and to flank the west face and south flank of
the \\test Square.
The Poulder thus assured from sudden attempts, I began
to raise in the said Poulder a rampier to resist the cannon
on the inside of the old channel, from the ditch of the Poulder
Ravelin of the counterscarp to the angle aforesaid of the
Poulder, vhich broadways lay due \Vest, and endways North
and South. And the redoubt upon the said angle, I raised of a
good height, and cannon proof, in the form of a cavallier [cartl,-
work] to command over the said rampier of the Poulder.
All this while, the enemy lay still, without making any
approaches or intrenchments, or attempting to hinder my
works; otherwise than by his cannon shot, of which he was
no niggard.
Having, as I supposed, in this manner, well provided for
the sale defence of that quarter; I was desirous to draw
some of the enemy from the sandhills, to dwell by us in that
low watery ground to the south-west and south of the river
that runneth from the \Vest to the Poulder: vhich I knev
would cause great expense, great labour, and much loss and
consumption of men ; on which, besides the plots of ground
I had taken, no trench, no approach, nor lodging could be
had but such as was forced.
Only about a harquebuss shot westward from my redoubt
on that side and upon the saine river, there was a pretty
round height of ground, on which, sometimes, they of the
tovn of Ostend had held a redoubt to the south-west and
south, environed with a plashy moor, into vhich, by the creeks
the water floved so as, the greatest pa-t of the tide, it was
hot passable.
Frorn this plot of ground, I could dis¢over the back of their
E,vG. G,R. Vil. IO

I46 VERE TEMPTS THE SPANIARDS INTO ,XIARSHES. [Slr.. V,o6.

approaches on the downs; and ffoto it, with cannon, could
annoy them as well there, as in their shipping and boats by
which their army vas supplied ff-oto Bruges and other ports
of the country.
If they suffered me to take this height and fortify it, I had
gotten tvo special advantages; the annoying of them and
the securing of my works on that side : which, after, I might
bave maintained vith fewer men. If I vere impeached by
their sudden planting of ordnance and batteries ; I knew
they would possess the ground, and piece-meal engage them
more and more in those drowned lands : which was the other
of my drifts.
This piece of ground, to more and provoke them the more,
upon St. James's Day [.Tuly 25, 16Ol], being the saint the
Spaniards as their Patron do most superstitiously reverence,
in the forenoon, I first sent as it were to view and discover :
and anon after, I sent for men, and set them on work; and
drew down in a readiness, undêr the favour [cover] of my
utermost redoubt, 2oo soldiers to make head, if the enemy
came down to the other side of the river, to hinder my v«ork-
men with his shot.
The enemy no sooner perceived my men to work, but he
turned certain pieces of ordnance upon them from the downs,
and shot at us, as did also those of the Fort of Grootendorst :
but being far off, the shot small, and the men (observing the
shot),bowing their bodies in the hollowness of the old trench,
it did little harm.
Their footmen in a great rage, as it seemed to me, of them-
selves kindled with zeal, without direction or orders from their
chiefs, came down towards the river side amain ; not armed
men in battle and troop, but shot scatteringly as every one
could first and readiliest take his furniture. Others with
faggots in their hands, whereof they had store in their ap-
proaches, began here and there, in confused manner, to raise
a trench from the downs to the river, for other trench and
covert they had none: so as they were a fair mark for our
artillery from the town, and our musketeers from the \Yest
Square and the South-west Redoubt; which spared no
powder. I3esides, the 2oo musketeers I had placed with
me, under the favour of small banks on the edge of the
river» held them back when they came nearer hand. o as»

sl, v.V«r«.-I TttE SPANIARDS FALL INTO TIIE TRAP. I47
x6o6..]

affer much shooting and hurt done, the most of the day
being spent, they gave over molesting us.
And that night, I put the place into so good defence
gainst the attempts of handistrokes, that I left a guard in
it, and workmen to add more strength toit.
In the morning, betimes, the enemy began to barrer it with
two cannon, which the saine night they had planted on the
other side of the plash directly west, and about the fourth
part of the way to their Fort called Grootendorst; from
whence, also, they shot with a couple of demi-culverin : and
thus they continued the whole day, insomuch as our new
work to them-ward was laid fiat; and out men forced, for
,afeguard, to make hollow trenches in the said redoubt.
About an hour before sunset, troops were seen to march from
Albertus towards Grootendorst: which I gathered was to
rnake an attempt upon the said redoubt inthe beginning of the
evening, before the breach could be repaired; for which
purpose, the water being ebbed, the rime served very fitly.
I saw by their earnest proceeding, that there was no striv-
ing fo keep and maintain that plot ; and therefore resolved
fo give way, but so as I would seem to be forced from the
place.
And therefore as I did set men on work in the beginning
)f the evening, to repair that breach ; to confirm the enemy,
if he had foreborn his attempt that night, in the opinion
that I would maintain the place: so I gave orders to the
Officer I leff in it, with some 80 men fo hold good watch on
the side of the plash, if the enemy attempted to pass, to
hew himself on the brink of the said plash with his Shot, and
discharge upon them, leaving his Pikes by the fort: with
.orders, if they advanced, to make his retreat to the South-west
Redoubt, and there to hold good.
XVhich directions were hOt well observed. For the Officer
-forthwith, when he had sight of the enemy's approach, which
was about two hours within night, leaving his Pikes in the re-
.doubt, he with the Shot ruade for the plash side, and discharged
-at the enemy : who being strong in numbers and resolved,
continued their way ; the officer still retiring hard to the re-
doubt and skirmishing with him, as if his purpose had been
rather to have drawn the enemy into some danger, than to save
himself and his troops by a timely retreat. Which is an error

14 8 SUDDEN BREAK OFF OF TIIE Co3[][F.w-IIIss. [S,r . Yere.t6o6.

that many in like cases fall into, to their utter destruction ;
vhen fear to have their valour called in question maketh
them, against ail reason, fight against a strcngerenemy, and
engage themselves where they bave neither purpose nor hope
to obtain the victory.
Those of the redoubt stayed thc return of their men ; whom
the enemy pursued so hard after he had gotten footing in
the firm ground, that they both at an instant, came to the
redoubt ; and by the way of the breach, which yet lay open,
entered and overthrev soon our men ; who so taken at un-
awares, thought it safer to fight than to run away. Others
they overtook before they could g, et over the palisadoes on
the other side of the redoubt. So as most of out Pike men
were lost, but fmv or none of the Shot ; who, holpen with
the darkness of the night, and their good diligence, escaped.
Upon the alarm, having given orders for some troops to
follow, I hasted to the South-west Redoubt : near which, I
met with these scattered men ; which I stayed, and took xvith
me into the said Redoubt. To which, the enemy even nmv
approached, following their fortune, and hoping of like
success : and on the other side of the river towards the north-
ward, ff'oto under the favour of the bank to xvhich, of purpose,
they had also draxvn musketeers, fo flank and beat in the back
out men as they should shexv themseh,es to resist the at-
tempt of their men on the other side of the water. Of the
supplies that came flom the town, I reinforced the guard of
the said Redoubt : by xvhich means, as also the difficulty they
round in passing their gross over the creeks, with some loss
to us, yet much more to them, they retired to the redoubt
they had gotten.

[The end of the Commcntaries
of
Sir FAlVClS VERE.]

149

Rev. W i L L I A M D L L I N G H A-.M, D.D.

Continuation of t/e çiexe of Ostenc],
fnom 2 5 yu/y,i 6Ol ,as far as 7 Mar. i 6o 2.

I-RE endeth, or rather here breaks off, Sir
FRANCIS VIR'.'S Commellt«ry. For he con-
tinued in his Government of Ostend for many
months after [till 71Ii .1[ardl, 1602] : but, vhether
it was because he thought it needless to give the
world an), further ac:ount of it, who were all, by
this time, become, as it were, Spectators and Eye-
witnesses of what he did ; or whether he thought

that it being so well known to many, some other would carry on the
[Relation, if the world should think it needfifl ; or whatever else the
reason was : I do hot find that his pC ever went any further.
Yet because there were many things performed by lzim worthy of
observation, and because the reader may perhaps have a curiosity to
see the end of the story ; I shall here presume to subjoin a brief
account of the chief passages in the sequel of that action, according
to what I have met with recorded by others, to my hand, that so
we may bring off Sir FRANCIS YERE with honour from so great an
engagement, and deliver him safe from the exceeding hazard of that
¢mployment : and this the rather, because I think this vas the last
action of consequence 'herein he embarked.

General VER had no sooncr taken a sure footing to himself, and
fitted the scene whereon the bloody Tragedy was aflerwards to be
acted, but ]le gave a pledge of his resolution to abide by it : refusing
to quit his lodgings, notwithstanding that the enemy's cannon had

ÇRev. ve'. Dillingham.
150 VEREWOUNDED BY A CANNON SPLINTER. L ? 6sv-

pierced them through with many a shot, and quite battered a little
tower belonging to them.
But though his enemy's cannon could hot enforce him to abandon
so much as his own lodgings; )'et did his own, by a shrcwd mishap,
constmin him to withdraw himself for a time out of the town. For
on the 4th of August [t6o], being wounded in the head with
the blov of a cannon that split in the discharging, he removed into
Zealand tobe cured of his hurt. The enemy having gotten intelligence
hereof, made no small expressions of joy and triumph ; discharging.
many a peal of cannon.
Whereby if they hoped to fill the hearts of the besieged with terror
and consternation, and to beat them from their former resolution;
thcy were much mistaken. For the brave English soldiers observing
what storms of great shot came rolling into the town, the besiegers
having already discharged little less than 35,oo cannon shot against
it ; and pcrceiving by the story, that ail the bouses wcre likely, ere
long, to be beaten about their ears, and so were likelier to endanger
them by their thll, than any way to secure and protect them from the
fury of the enemy's artillery: they advised themselves to take this
course.
There was a green plot of ground in the town, commonly used for a
market-place, which was something higher than the rest of the streets.
Here did they earth themselves, by digging it hollow, and fitting
themselves with cabins and lodgings within the ground. The like
did they, by another void piece of ground upon the south-west.
Whereby, as they thought themselves secure from the enemy's
battery, being confident they would hOt shoot mattocks and pickaxes ;
so did they sufficientiy testify their own resolution, rather to inter
themselves in the graves which they had digged, than to quit their
possession of the place unto the enemv.
Hereupon, the besiegers shifted sail's, and suifing thelr counsels to
the disposition of the English soldiers (who are sooner won by fair
means than foul), shot arrows with letters into the Engl[sh Quarters,
promising ten stivers [= s. d. (= 5 s. now)] a day to such as would
serve the Archduke against the town.
But these offers were slighted by the English, who hated falseness
as much as they contemned danger: and this device was looked
upon by those of the town, as the product of languishing counsels ;
which having already spent all their powder, came a begging for the
conclusion.
_And if the Archduke had then given over the siege, I question
hOt but the world would generally bave excused him. For what
hould he do ?
He had ruade his approaches as near unto Sand Hill as was

Rev. W. 13illinham.-[ x6S»_l DEATH OF TIIE LORD OF CI IATILLON. 1 5 I

possible for the Haven ; which was the most probable place of doing
any good upon the town. And therefore he had, ever since the
beginning of the siege, bent the most of his great shot upon it, if it
were possible to have ruade a breach : but all had hitherto produced
no other effect than the fortifying of the Sand Hill Bulwark, instead
of beating it down. For by this time, it was so thickly studded
with bullets, that the ordnance could scarcely shoot without a
tautology and hitting its former bullets; which, like an iron wall,
ruade the later fly in pieces up in the air. Yea, the bullets in it
were so many, that they left not room to drive in palisadoes, though
pointed with iron : and some there wcre, that would bave undertaken
to make the Eulwark [a]new, if they might have had the bullets for
their pains.
Besicles, whenever they meant to assault it, they must resolve to
force seven Palisadoes ruade of great pries, within the haven, before
they could corne to the foot of the Bulwark: and if they were not
intercepted by the springing of a mine or two, yet was the Bulwark
itself unlnountable by armed men. And it might easily have been
conceived they had gotten intelligence that there were thirteen
cannon in the Counterscarp and other convenient places, charged
with chained shot and rusty iron to scour the Sand Hill, if need
should require.
Besides ail this, all was to be done at a running pull. For when
the coming in of the ride should sound a retreat, off they must !
or beutterly lost. And they easily saw that the musketeers in the
Half-moon of the Countelcarp were likely to give them such a wel-
corne as would make many of them forger to return to the camp.
Notwithstanding all these great difficulties, no advice of old Captains
could prevail against the obstinacy of the States of Flanders : who, to
keep life in the siege, spared not to undertake the payment of a
million of crowns [:.,3oo, ooo (=., 1,3oo, ooo naza)] to the Arch-
duke, rather than he should draw off" from the town.
So that he took up a resolution not to stir, and, as his fugitives
[dcserter«] 'eported, once he swore that "he would hot rise from the
table at which he sat, before they of the town were ruade to serve
him." But then they, on the other side, laid a wager that they" would
give it him so hot, that it should burn his fingers."
Not long after, the Lord of CIJ,XTLO met with an unhappy mis-
chance. For being upon the high Eulwark of Sand Hill, with Colonel
"UTENB1RUCH and other Gentlemen and men of Comlnand ; he had his
head struck off, above the teeth, with a cannon shot ; and his brains
dashed upon the Colonel's left cheêk. Which possibly lnight receive
its direction from the self-saine hand, that did, more than once during
this siege, shoot a bullet into the mouth of a charged cannon; vhich,

I52 VERE RETURNS TO tIIS COMMAND. I-Rev. W. Dillingham.

because it would hot be too long indebted for such a courtesy, taking
tire with the blow, returned the bullet instantly back again, attended
with another of its own.
As good a marksman was he, if he did it of design, who, when a
soldier of the town, having bought a loaf of bread, was holding it up
in a boasting way, with a shot took away the uppermost balf [of it],
leaving the other in the soldier's hand: who, finding that he had
received no hurt, said, "It was a fait conditioned bullet ! for it had
left him the better half behind." However, I believe he would rather
have been contented with the lesser hall, than run the hazard of
dividing again.
On the 9th of September [6o], General VERE, being cured of
his hurt, returned from Zealand into the town : where he found 2,000
English and 2o Ensigns [ = comam'es] of French, Walloons, Scotch,
and Frisons, that had arrived in his absence.
Soon after his arrival, he took tare for the thickening and strength-
ening of divers of the works, and the uniting of those outworks on
the south and west, the better thereby to secure their relief, and pre-
serve them from the injury of the waters in the winter season.
Which the enemy perceiving, and that the town grew daily stronger
and stronger, resolved to attempt it by treachery, taking the old
verse--

To that purpose, an Englishman named N. CONISB¥, as the French
Diary [£e., of the Siege ; ? that by HEx HOESTES, intituled Zislaire
du Siege arOstende at t;l«mlres, printed by ELZEVtR, at Leyden ia
x65] relates, who had served them long in the quality of a Captain
of foot in their army, returned through France into England : where
he prevailed so much, by means of his friends, that he obtained
letters of recommendation to Sir FRACtS VERE. Unto whom, pre-
senting himself, he desired to be admitted one of his Company:
which the General could hOt refuse, he being a Gentleman and so
cffectually recommended.
This traitor having thus screwed himself unto Ostend, quickly
began his practice. For he received letters and other things weekly
from the enemy, and gave them intelligence of all that passed within
the town, and of the best means to annoy it ; managing his practices
and projects according to the instructions which he received from
them.
For the better conveyance of his letters to the enemy, he carried
them into a broken boat, which in the beginning of the siege had
been sunk by the enemy, and lay upon the dry ground betvixt the
town and the camp, under the colour [brcle«cc] of gratifying nature

«,'.W.Z)illingha,,.-1THE PLOT OF CAPTAIN N. COXlSBV. 153
?

and there disposed them in a place appointed : whence the enemy
fetched them by night, with the help of a little boat; and, upon
certain days, brought him answers, and sometimes money for lais
reward, which he failed not to fetch at the place appointe&
When he was discovered, he had drawn four nen into lais con-
spiracy: among others a Scrgeant, who was the means of revealing
it.
This Sergeant coming out of prison, where lais Captain had caused
him to be laid some days in irons, being all malcontent, chanced to
meet with CoIs : who told him lac was glad to sec him out of prison ;
withal asking him the reason of lais so great and grievous punishment.
To whom, the Sergeant railing upon lais Captain, sware earnestly,
that he would be revenged for the wrong he lmd received though it
cost him lais lire.
CoNISm', supposing he had round a man fit for lais purpose, told
him he might easily find the means to be revenged, without losing
lais life, and with lais own profit and advancement ; and that if he
would follow his counsel, he should want no money.
The Sergeant began to listen to lais words, and seemed inclinable
enough to so advantageous a design, and ready to follow lais advice.
Whereupon Comsv, having first made him svear secrecy, discovered
himself: and presently asked him if he had the resolution to set tire
on one of the Magazines; for which purpose, he himself had pre-
pared a certain invention of powder, lead, and match.
This, the Sergeant undertook to perform ; which he said, « could
hot be difficult for him to do, being often sent to fetch powder for the
soldiers."
Comsv assured him that he had practised [with] more associates;
and that when he should bave ruade the number up to twenty, he
would then put the design in execution: which was, that one of
the Magazines being set on tire, he would so work it, as to have tlle
guard of a Sluice in a Bulwark near the enemy, who should then give
on, and be admitted into the town.
The Sergemat seemed to hug the device, demanding only of
Comsv some assurance, under his hand, that he should have his re-
compence when the work should be peffornaed. Which having once
)btained, away he goes to the General, and discovers the practice to
him.
Whereupon Comsv being apprehended and put to the rack, con-
fessed all, and that he came to Ostend with that purpose and intent:
as also what instructions and promises he had received; and what
[ac]c.omplices he had made, who were likewise apprehended and put
in prison.
This plot failing, the enemy's only hope of taking the town was by

154 INSTANCES OF PRIDE AND COURAGE. [Rev. W. Dillinghan
L x657-

stopping up the haven, and so hindering the coming in of supplies.
To this purpose, the Old Haven on the west ofthe tow, having been
ruade dangerous and useless, and the defendents constrained to make
a new one out of the Geule on the east side : the enemy had now so
straitened this also, by their float ['rft] of great planks bearing ord-
nance, on the Geule; that they of the town vere fain to make a
second new haven against the midst of the Old Town, by which
means the enelny's designs were eluded, and the ships of supplies
admitted into the town at pleasure.
This dangerous thrust being so handsomely put by, the encmy had
no other play left but to storm: 'hich he resolved upon, and
prepared himself accordingly.
But in the meanwhile, it will hOt be amiss to take notice of a passage
which happened in the town. A French Gentleman, disobeying his
Sergeant, and thereupon causing a great tumult, was comnfitted to
prison ; and, eigbt days after, condenmed by a Council of War, to be
shot to death : but because he was descended of a good house, all
the French Cal»tains interposed their earnest entreaties to General
VERE, and begged his life ; vhich was granted, upon condition that
he should ask the Sergeant forgiveness. This, when he could not, by
any lneans or persuasion be brought unto ; he had eight days' respire
granted him to resolve himself: 'hich being past, and he continuing
still as obstlnate as ever, he was brought forth unto the place of exe-
cution, and tied to a stake. But when once he saw the harque-
bussiers ready to discharge; he began to be apprehensive of the
horïor of death, and promised to perform the sentence, and ask the
Sergeant's forgiveness: 'hich he forthwith did, and thereupon was
released. So much casier it is for pride and rashness to commit a
fault, than heartily to acknowledge it.
A tmer courage was that of auother in the town during the siege.
An English Gentleman of about -'23 years ofage, in a sally forth, had one
of his amas shot off by a cannon : which taking up, he brought back
with him into flac toxx'n, unto the chirurgeon ; and coming to his If/te
s««'gtw's] lodging, shewed it, saying, "J3ehold the arm, which but at
dinner helped its fellow !" This he did and endured, without the
least fainting, or so much as reposing upon his bed.

Not long after, on the 4th of December [6o], early in the morn-
[ng, the besiegers gave a tierce and sharp assault on the English
trenches : which take in the words of one present at it [ez.idettl.), Sir
.F.,vczs oEï's .Pre, larï.''" lar._'.a'..z, sec/,/o. 7 I, 74]-

».Je,,h.-,,,.-it 6,,,.j TIIE ASSAULT OF 4TJJ DECEMBER, 16Ol. 15 5

IR FRANClS VERE having been abroad the most
part of that night, was laid down to take his rest :
but hearing the alarm that the English trenches
were assaulted, and knowing of how great import
that work was for the defence of the town, pulling
on his stockings, with his sword in his hand ; he ran in all
baste, unbraced, with some soldiers and Captain COULDWELI_.
and rnvself [HEIvRY HEXHAI], into the works : where he
found his own Company at push of pike, upon a turnpike
[barricr] with the enemy; who crying in French, Enlrcz !
cntrcz! advanccz ! advanccz ! strove to enter that way; and
sought to overturn the turnpike with their pikes.
Sorne of his Gentlernen were slashing off the heads of their
pikes : arnong the rest, Lieutenant-Colonel PROUD (who was
afterwards slain at Maestricht), which he took notice of, and
shortly after ruade hirn a Lieutenant.
The enemy being repulsed and beaten off; Sir FRAIClS
VERE (to the end our men might give tire the better upon
them, from the town and Bulwarks that flanked these works,
both with out ordnance and small shot) comrnanded the
soldiers to take some straw ff'oto the huts within the vorks,
and rnaking wisps of it, to set it on tire, upon the parapet of
the work, and upon the heads of their pikes : by which light
the enerny were discovered, so that our rnen gave fie bravely
upon thern frorn the town and works ; and shot into their bat-
talions which had fallen on, and their rnen that were carrying
off their dead. So that upon this attempt, the enerny lost a
rnatter of 500 men, which lay under out works and between
their trenches.
The enerny being retreated into his works, Sir FRANClS
XrERE called me to him, and said, " Boy, corne now, pull up
my stockings, and fie my points!" and so returned home
again to his rest.

The next lemarkab]e in the series of this famous siege was that
memorable Treaty -hich General VEINE entertained with the Arch-
duke : of which I know none better able to give an account than Sir
JOHN OGLE, who had much at stake in the business, and was well
acquainted with the several passages thereof; of which he hath
behind tfim the following account.

156

Sir F ze ,t v c z s V E x ' s t)ar@ ' at Ostcud :
written by Sir J o i N o L F.,
there present.
'F'rv.n the battle of Nieuport, the Archduke
Cant.ns, desirous to clear Flanders, in the
year following [x6or], sat dovn with lais
army belote Ostend : unto vhich, the Lords
the States sent Sir FnacIs Vwnn, their
General to defend it.
He having good numbers of men,thought
if most serviceable for the States, to employ
them so, as he might keep the enemy at arm's end, and a fair
distance from the town. To this purpose, he possessed himself
of several advantageous pieces of ground, fortifying upon
ihem so well as the time would give him leave. But they
were morsels as well for the enemy's tooth as his, and there-
fore cost both bickering and blood on both sides, till at the
last, what with numbers, artillery, and better commodity
of access, he was forced to quit the most of them; and
that, ere he brought them to any perfection of strength
vhereby to make any resistance.
Such as were nearest the town, and under the succour of
his own power, as the three Quarriers or Squares, with some
few others, he kept and maintained as long as he stayed
there. Yet when, by protract of time and casualties of war,
he foulld his numbers vasted, and himself (the enemy creep-
ing upon him) so straitened as he vas thrust merely upon the
defence; he saw he was hot in his proper element. Nor
indeed, was he: for the truth is, his virtues, being great,
strong, and active, required more elbow room ; having their
best lustre where they had the largest foil o set them off.

Slr¢I. Ogle.-I REPLIES TO OBJECTIONS AS TO THE TREATY. 1 5 7
. 6xo.A

The works of Battle, Invasion, and the like xvere the proper
objects of his spMt. The limits of Ostend were much too
narroxv for him : )et did he, there, many things worth the
observation and reputation of so great a Captain as he was.
Amongst the test, that of his Parley [negotiations with the
Archduh, e ALBERTJ was of most eminent note ; and as most
noted, so most and worst censured, and that as well by
Sword- as Gown-men. Yea, his judgement (which even by
his enemies hath often been confessed to be one of the most
able that ever our nation delivered to the world, in matters
ofhis profession) xvas in the action taxed [censurcd], and tbat
in print, too, for his manner of carriage in this business.
Now because I was, in some sort, the only instrument he
used in the managiIg thereof, and best acquainted with all
passages: I have (for the love I owe to Truth, and bis
memory) thought good to set down in xvriting, what I bave
hitherto delivered to the Lords the States General in their
council chamber ; as also, some time after that, to the Prince
MAtJRICE of Nassau, and the Earl WILLIAM his cousin, con-
cerning this matter.

Yet ere I come to the Relation, it shall not be anaiss to
wipe away two main aspersions which I have often met
withal, by xvay of objection ; and are as well in every man's
mouth, as in EtAIVEL I)E METEEN'S book.
The first, and that is the word, it htcked wcll ! judging the
fact by the event ; but reservedly condemning the purpose,
for had hot the shipping corne, say they, as if did, what would
have bccome of the town ? He would bave givcn it up !
Colonel UTEIHOVEN, a man of note and yet living, one of
their own nation, a Governor of a town, knows better : and
the following treatise shall also make it appear otherwise ;
and that he had not the least thought of rendering the town,
though succour had not come to him at all. This point there-
fore shall here need no further enlargement.
The second is that he night bave carried the malter otherwise,
and have drawn less jealousy uipon himself, by ctc.uctinting the
Calbtains with it sooncr ; considering if was done without the
privity of the Lords the States : nor was if fitth,g, to bri,g a
enemy through such secrct assages.
This, at the first view, seems to say somewhat, as borrow-

ing strength from the common proceedings in other ordinary
Governors ; who, upon the point as well of Parley as Article,
ere they enter into either with an enemy, consult first, as it
is fit, with the Captains of the garrison ; and this, it seems,
was likewise expected bore. But tlpon what reasons ? \Vas
ho stch a Governor ? Ho was a General ! Ho had Governors
under him ! Did ho intend, as commonly do others, to de-
|iver the town ? Ho meant nothing less ! as is partly belote,
and shall be hereafter largely proved. What account did the
States over require of him ? \Vhat disgrace was there giron
him, more than a free acknowledgement of his singular
carriage and jtdgement in the managing of a business of
so great importance!
True it is, there was at first a kind of staggering, among
the best; which the mist of some partial information from
some malevolent person in Ostend had brought them to : but
this was soon cleared (first, by his own letters in brief, and
after by me more at large), if hot to the most of them ; yet I
lare say to the most discreet and jtdicious amongst them.
ut let ts now see whether it had been either necessary
or convenient that the secret of this stratagem shotfld have
been revealed soone', either to the Lords the States, or Cap-
ains of the garrison ?
To me it seems, that it had been, to the States, prepos-
terots ! to the Captains, dangerotls ! nay more, reptgnant to
sense and common reason! and that for these reasons
t"ollowin'.
The project itself was but an cmb'yo ; and had been a
more abortive, had ho delivered himself of it, before the
attempt of the enemy : for from thence, it must receive
both form and being. Now that, was uncertain and un-
known to him, especially the rime. Ho cotld therefore
bave no certain befitting stlbject fo write to the Lords the
States of this marrer till the deed were done, and the pro-
ject ptt in practice: which so soon as it was, ho presently
despatched a messenger, giving them a due account of
the cause of his proceedings ; and that, to their content-
ment.
It was a stratagem, xvhose power" and virtte consisted
wholly in secrecy. It was also a thread whereon htmg
no less than the States' town, his own honour, and the

S{rJ. Ogle.'].t x,o.A SECRECY WAS ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL.

lives of ail them that were with him ; and therein reason
did hot adroit oftbelast communication. For the bestpledge
3'ou ca have of a man's secrccy, is hot fo olbcn yottr thoughts
unto him.
Lastly, if he would have forgot himself so much as to
have committed a secret fo the trust of many ; could he
yet promise himself that he should hOt meet vith oppo-
sition ? \Vould they, instantly, have been, all, of his
mind ? \Vould no man suspect the handling? Why
did they then after ? and that, when it was consummated
and finished ?
I have heard Colonel UTENHOVEN say, that " if the
General should have ruade the proposition, he had broken
the enterprise ! " and he knew best the Captains' inclina-
tions : for he vas the mouth betwixt the General and
them, to clear those jealousies he saw them apprehend
in him. It was therefore the safest and best way that
could be taken, to set this business abroach, rather with-
out their knowledge than flatly against it ; and to hazard
the interpretation of the action rather than the action
itself.
I3esides, whoever yet knew the General VERE so
simple or so weak, as to avoid military forms where they
were necessary or expedient ? Wanted he judgement ?
His enemieswill hot say it ! Had he hot will ? He had
too many of them too Great, to lay himself open to their
malice! He was a better manager of his reputation
than to give them so palpable, so gross an advantage
to build their scandal on.
It vas the Public Service and his own judgement that
,led him into this course: wherein, if there were any
danger for his part, it lay on my head, which he ventured
for the safety of all.
It seems, then, that as it was hot necessary, so had it
been exceedinglyinconvenient that the book of this secret
should have been sooner unclasped before it was set on
foot ; or fo the Lords the States, before it was accom-
plished.
I corne now to the Relation, leaving the branch in the
bjection, touching the brhging in of the enemy, as not
worthy to receive an ansver [see lb. 163]o

16o TIIE NORTH-WEST STORlXlS ISOLATE OSTEIqD. [-Slr.ff. Oge.6,o.

About the I2th of November [I6o], it began to freeze
exceedingly, the wind being North-xvest ; where it rernained
till Christmas or afler, blowing for the most [part] a stiffgale,
and often high and stormy.
In this rime, came no shipping unto us, or succour out of
Holland or Zealand ; nor could they for the xvind: nor had
we any, for some fev weeks after. Out men, munition, and
materials wasted daily. The sea and our enemy both grexv
upon us.
At the spring-tide, we look still when that would decide the
question touching the town, betwixt us and our adversaries :
so exceedingly high and swelling it was, through the con-
tinuance of the north-west xvind ; svhich beat fiat upon us, and
brought extraordinary store of waters ff'oto the ocean intothose
narrow parts. Hands, we could set very few on work : out
places of Guard were so many, out numbers so small, and
those over-watched. 2,oo men svas our strength; but the
convenient competency for the town was at least 4,000. For
workmen, out need was more than ever : for the xvhole town,
with the new forts therein, lately begun by the General (who
foresaxv the storm), lay more than hall open ; insornuch that,
in divers places, with little labour, both horse and foot might
enter. The North-west Ravelin, out champion against the
sea, was almost worn away. The Porcupine or PorcCpic was
hot well defensible. At ail these places, could the enemy corne
to push of pike with us, when they list, at lov water.
This was out condition : neither svas the enemy ignorant
thereof, nor unmindful to lay hold on his advantage; pre-
paring ail things from ail parts, fitting for the advancement
of his purpose, that was to assault the town.
Our General saxv their provision and power, and his osvn
weakness; but could prevent none of them otherwisethan by
practice [craft]. His industry slept not. His »-igilancy
appeared by the daily and nightly rounds he ruade about the
town and works. His courage was the highest, svhen his
forces were the lowest : for even then, he manifestly ruade it
known so much, that of his store, he furnished plenty to
others.
One day, going about the vaIls, he began to discourse of
out belng pressed, and said, " He cared not what the enemy
could attempt upon him !" He was in one of the strongest

si,-j o]«-1 VERE'S EFFORTS TO CtlEER TIIE GARRISON. 16[

quarters of the town, when he spake this; and not unwil-
ling that such, as of themselves saw it not, should be kept
ignorant of the danger that hung over their heads. The
Captains and the 0fficers, he commended for their care and
industry in their watch and guard: more to stir them up
unto it, than reallyto congratulate that virtue in them. He
said, " A Captain could receive no greater blow in his repu-
tation, than to be surprised." Divers other speeches he
used, tending to encouragement, and dissuading from
security; and often, amongst them, interlaced the strength
of the town.
I, at the first perceiving not his mask, began to put him
in mind of some of the former particulars ; the whole town's
xveakness, and the Archduke's opportunity: but he told me
quickly by his eye, he would not have their strength touched
in such an audience; so, slighting my speeches, he con-
tinued his pace, and à la volde his discourse, till he came to
his lodging.
There, he called to me alone, and brake to me in these
terres, " I perceive you are not ignorant of our estate ; and
therefore I will be more open and free with you! \Vhat
think vou? Are we not in a fine taking here! ha! I
will tel'l )'ou, Captain 0OLV., there was never man of my
fortunes and reputation, both of xvhich bave been cleared
hitherto, plunged in greater extremity than I am nmv."
Here, xve discoursed of our condition before mentioned.
"Whereupon, he inferred that "he was like a man that had
both courage and judgement to defend himself; and yet must
sit with his hands bound, whilst boys and devils came and
boxed him about the ears. Yet this will I tell you too," said
he, "rather than )'ou shall ever see the name of FR.«,xcs
VR subscribed in the delivery of a town committed to lais
custody, or this hand to the least Article of Treaty, though
with the Archduke's own person, had I a thousand lives, I
would first bury them ail in the rampire ! Yet, in the mean-
while, judge you of the quality of this our being ! "
I told him, that I thought "if he were in his former
liberty ; he would bethink himself ere he suffered himself to
be penned up in such a cage again."
He ruade no reply ; but addressed himself to his business,
and I to mine. \Vhat his thoughts now were, I will not
E,vc. G4. Vil. Il

162 TIIE COUNCIL OF 'VAR IN DEC. I6OI. [sirj. og,«,,o.

enter into; unless I had more strength to reach them.
Sure I am, they want no stuff to work on. For the bone he
had to gnaw upon, required as good teeth as any that were
in HANNIBAL'S head, to break it; and had not this been
such, all the hands we had there, could not have plucked it
out of our own throats.
Not long after this, the General called a Council of the
Colonels and chief Officers. There he propounded these
two points.
First, \Vhether, with the numbers formerly men-
tioned, we could, in time of assault, sufficiently furnish
all parts ?
Secondly, or if not, Whether, in such an extremity,
we ought not fo borrow the troops employed for the
guard of the Quarriers, to the preservation of the
"rown ?
This was more to sound our judgements than of any
necessity for him to seek allowance of his actions from them,
fl,r Generals use hot [are o accusomcd] to ask leave of their
Captains to dispose of their guards ; what they are to quit,
and what they are fo keep.
Our numbers, they confessed, were too few; yet must the
Quarriers at no hand be abandoned: but how to hold them
sufficiently, and to provide for those places on which the
fury of the storm was likely to pour itself forth, no man gave
expedient. The voices were severally collected.
\Vhen it came to me, I said that " seeing our case
standeth as it doth, our breaches many and great, our num-
bers few to defend them; my opinion is that, when we
should see the cloud coming, we quit the Quarriers : for I
know they were ordained for the custody, not to endanger
the loss of the town :" that "of inconveniences, the least
must ever be chosen" ; that " it were ill husbandry to hazard
the Principal, to save the Interest ; and as little discretion
to let the tire run on to burn the palace, whilst we were pre-
serving the lodge."
The two Colonels, RooN and Sir HORaCE VERE, vho
spake after me, for the Chier spake last, were of the saine
mind; differing only in some circumstances, hOt in sub-
stance of opinion.
That the others were so scrupulous in this point is to be

Sir J. Ogle.-
THE
SPANISII ARMY READY TO STORMo I6 3
? 6o.J

thought to bave proceeded rather from ignorance of pur
estate and danger, or else an apprehension grounded upon
common opinion vhich was "' lose the Quarriers, lose the
town ! "; or, it may be, the fear of the interpretation that the
Lords the States would make of such an advice: and that
fear vas likely to be the greater, because perhaps they were
not furnished with strength of reason to maintain their
opinion ; or else they might find it fittest to lay the burden
on his shoulders that was best able to bear it, the General
himselfl
After this Council, there passed some few days till it was
near Christmas. The Archduke vas himself in person in
the camp, the assault resolved on, and the time; the prepa-
rations brought dovn to the approaches: and the army,
they only stayed for low water to give on.
Here began the General's project to receive being. Till
now, it had none. Neither was it nov rime to call the
Captains to a new Council, either to requil'e their advice, or
to tell them his own. He had hishead and hands full : ours
had not ached now, had not his vaked then more for pur
safeties than ours could do for pur own.
He bestirred him on all sides. His powers were quick
and strong within him; and those without, he disposed of
thus :
His troops, he placed mostly on Sand Hill, Porcupine or
Porcdpic, the North-east Ravelin, and the Forts and
Curtain of the Old Town. These were the breaches. The
other Guards were all furnished as was then fitting, accord-
ing to pur numbers.
The Quartiers held their men till a Parley was com-
menced: and by it, they were secured. The False Bray
was abandoned by order, as hot tenable in rime of assault.
The cannon in it were dismounted, lest it should be spoiled
by pur own in Helmont, which flanked it and the whole face
of Sand Hill.

This False Bray la space at the bottom of the wall outside,
defendcd by a parapet or brcastwork defending, from the im2er
side of it, the moat] was that dangerous passage mentioned in
the objection going before [pp. 157 , 159]; which I thought
to have passed over, but ara since otherwise advised.

FALSE
BRAV.
FS
Ogle.
64 REPL¥ TO OBJECTIO AS TO THE
L ?

It lay at tbe foot of Sand Hill, in the eye of the enemy,
and xvas therefore as well knovn to tbem as to ourselves:
and so was the vay to it, for they saw daily our entry to the
Guard, to be through a covert galleryforced through the bottom
of the said hill. It [thc gallcry] was so narrow that tvo men
armed were the most that could pass in front [in a row].
\Vhen you were corne out of it, you xvere presently at the
haven's side and the New Town, without discovering any
Guard, Passage, or Place of importance, such as might any
ways give the least advantage to the enemy's observation.
It was, in truth, in nothing else secret but that it vas
covered overhead ri'oto the eye of the heavens: otherwise
there was no passage about the whole town less prejudicial
than that.
There is a boit of the saine quiver likewise fallen into
EMANUEL DE IETEREN'S book. There, the General's
judgement is, forsooth ! controlled; and by the providence
of Captain SINKLYER [? SI1VCLAIR] and some others, as they
think, much bettered. The General, there, is said to have
neglected the False Bray, and that, in a time when if was
needful to bave defended it: but Captain SINKLYER with
other Captains provided for it. But how provided for it ?
SINKLYER with six musketeers undertook it! The Captains
promised him txvo companies: the place could contain one
good one! But why Musketeers alone, and hot Pikes?
Since they could make it good, why but six? and that
against the fury of an army! \Vhat knowledge would they
teach out cannon to spare the Scots and kill the Spaniards,
being pesle mesle ?
It is ridiculous. Captain SINKLYER, if he lived, would be
angry to have his judgement thus wronged and printed so
small, as to undertake the defence of the False Bray, when
the t3ulwark [i.e., the Sand Hill] itself was assaultable. But
I leave these poor detractions that betray only the detractors'
weakness : and so to return to the matter.

On the two Bulvarks formerly mentioned, Helmont and
Sand Hill, with the mount Flamenburg, he placed store of
artillery and mortars: the mortars most of ail at Helmont
with much ordnance; for that, as I said belote, scoured the

Sir J. Ogl.
,6,o.]VERE OPENS NEGOTIATIONS ON DEC. 23, I601.165

avenue of the enemy's coming upon the Sand Hill and the
Old Town.
\Vhen he had thus ordered his affairs for defence, he began
to betake him to his stratagem : which, indeed, was out best
shelter against that storm.
He sent Captain LE,vis COURTIER, who spake good
Spanish, into the Porcupine or Porc@fo, the nearest place of
Guard to the enemy, with orders to desire speech with some
of them. He called twice or thrice, or more; but none
answered him. So he effected nothing.
The General displeased thereat, sent me to the place on
the same erraud. I called, but no man answered. I beat a
drum, but they vould not hear. Upon that, I returned to
the General, and told him, "they expected form. If he
would speak with any of them, I must go without the limits
of our works."
He desired it : but feared they xvould shoot af me. I put
if fo an adventure.
Coming to the haven's side, I caused the drummer to beat :
and at the second call, one answered me.
After a little stay, the Governor of Sluis, I,fATTHEO
CERANO, came to me. Each made his quality known to the
other, and I, my errand to him that " the General VERE
desired to have some qualified person of theirs, sent into the
town to speak with him."
He ruade this known to the Archduke. I attended his
return; which was speedy, and vith acceptance. He told
me of his affection to our nation, bred and nourished through
the good correspondency and neighbourhood betwixt the
Lord Governor of Flushing Sir ROBERT SIDNEY, and him.
He would take it as a courtesy that the General VERE would
nominate and desire him of the Archduke, to be employed in
this business.
This was performed: and at our next meeting, it was
agreed that I should be a pledge for him ; that each should
bring a companion with him ; that he with his, should have
General VERE'S, I and mine, Don AUGUSTI,NO'S word for our
safety ; that during the treaty, no hostility should be used on
land; and that against low water, we should find ourselves
there again at the same place. This done, we parted each
to his home.

166 OGLE AND FARFAX GOAS ENGLISIt IIOSTAGES. [Slr,J. Ogle.
6xo.

I told the General what had passed. He persuaded, and
that earnestly, with the Netherlandish, French, and Captains
of other nations, to have some one of them accompany me
in this action ; the rather to avoid that interpretation which
he foresmv would follow, being managed by him and his
English only: but they all refused, notwithstanding he
assured several of them, his purpose was no other than to
gain rime.
XVhere, myself can testify, that coming to him almost at
low vater, to know his further pleasure; I round him very
earnest in persuading with an old Captain, called NICHOLAS
LEUR : to whom I heard him say, ye vozs assurc ce »'est qzte pour
gaignerlemps. I was not then so good a Frenchman as that
I durst say I well understood him, neither the purpose he
had with him. Since, I have learned both better.
This man refused as well as the rest. XVhereupon the
General, in a choler, willed me, to take with me whom I
xvould myself; for he would appoint none !
I took my old companion, and then familiar friend, Captain
FAIRFAX.
CERANO and OTTANES were then at the water side, when
we came. SttON ANTHONIO and GAMBOLETTI, both Colonels
[of Horse] or Maestros dal Cam.ho, brought them over on horse-
back to us.
On the other side, Don JUAN DE PAtq'OCm, Adjudante,
received us ; and Don AUGUSTINO DE MEXIA, at the battery :
behind which, was the army ranged ready for the assault.
These two brought us to the Archduke [ALtiER'ri, who
was then corne to the approaches [lregchcs], accompanied as
became so great a Prince.
"Ve performed those respects that were fitting.
He vouchsafed us the honour to moue his hat.
Being informed by one Hu6H OWnN, an Englishman, but
a fugitive, of our names and families ; as also that I could
speak Spanish : he conjured me " as I was a Gentleman, to
tell him if there were any deceit in this handling or not ? "
I told him, " If there were, it was more than I knew of:
for, with my knowledge, I would not be used as an instru-
ment in a work of that nature."
He asked me then, "What instructions I had ? "
I told him, "None! For we were corne hither only as

slr J'°gle'l THEIR INTERVIEW WITH THE J3kRCHDUKE. I6 7
16zo,._]

pledges to assure the return of them, to whom he had giver
his instructions."
He asked me again, " \Vhether I thought the General
meant sincerely or hot ? "
I told him, " I was altogether unacquainted with lais ptll-
pose : but for anything I knew, he did."
Upon this, we were dismissed; and were by Don
AUGUSTINO [DE I,[EXIA_, whom Don JtlAtq DE PANTOCHI ever
attended, brought to lais lodging: and there honourably and
kindly entertained ; and visited by most of the chiefs of the
army, and also by some ecclesiastical persons.
There came an advertisement from the approaches
[trcnches], of working in the town. This was occasioned, as
they thought, by noise of knocking in palisadoes.
To give orders to the contrary ; we were, after, carried on
horseback thither. \Ve having received answer that "' it
vas only a cabin of planks set up to keep beer in": the
noise of that work, and their suspicion ceased together. Yet
we stayed sonae hours at the Guard of GAMBOLETTI, the
Italian Colonel, who at that time had the Point [the advanced
post or cnt,'enchncnt]; and the Conde THEODORO TRIVULCI
and some others of the cavalry accompanied us some hours :
after which, we returned to the camp, and to the Don
¢.UGUSTINO and out test.
In the morning, we found out lodging environed with a
strong guard: and understood of the discontentments of
CEIIo and OTTANES, ,VhO had returned ; and how they had
not any speech with the General.
This startled me and FAI1RFAX, WhO dreamt of no such
matter; nor of any such manner of proceedings : FAIRFAX
thought I had some secret instructions in particular; and
desired me to tell " what the Fox meant to do ? "
I told him, and it -as truth, "I knew as little as he".
but calling then to mind the discourse he [I;] had in
his lodging, and mentioned formerly in this [p. I6I], and
comparing it with the action; I said to FallVx, " I verily
believed that he meant to put a trick upon them."
" But," quoth he, " the trick is put upon us, methinksl
For we are prisoners and in their power; they, at liberty,
and out judges."
Don Au(3us'rlNo coming to us, gave an end to this dis.

i68 "TIE COMSIISSIONERS IIAVE COME BACK i ,,. ESir J. Ogle.6xo.

course; and beginning another xvith me, apart in his own
chamber, where, xvith a grave and settled countenance, he
told me of the Commissioners' return, their entertainment
and discontentment ; as also the Archduke's towards me, for
abusing him. And especially he urged these two points,
That I told CERaNO that " the General desired speech xvith
some from His Highness ; " which seemed hOt to be so, for he
flatly refused : and that I had said to His Highness himself
that " I was not an instrument of deceit," which also
appeared otherwise, and would not, I must account, be so
slightly passed over.
Hereunto, I answered, " That the Commissioners are
returned without speech with the General is as strange to
me as unexpected to them ; and I am the more sensible of
this discourtesy towards them, through the kind usage I
receive here of you! but as I ara hot of counsel in this
manner of proceedings, so I know as little how to help it as
I can reach the drift. Touching the other point of His
Highness's displeasure towards me, I hope so noble a
Prince will adroit no other impression of my person or
actions than the integrity of both shall fairly deliver him.
For if I have deceived him, it is more than probable I ara
deceived myself: nor do I believe that His Highness or
any of 3"ou judge me so fiat or so stupid as, upon knowledge
of such a purpose, in irritating His Highness, I would
deliver myself and friend as sacrifices to make another man's
atonement. It is certain then, if the General bath fraud in
this action, he borrows [plcdges] our persons, hot our consents
to work it by; which though you have now in your power,
3"et I will not fear the least ill measure, so long as I have
the word of Don AUGUSTINO for my safety."
The noble Gentleman, moved with my confidence, took me
in his arms, assured me it again;- as also any courtesy
during my stay there : and was indeed as good as his word.
This thus passed, he told me, " He would relate faithfully
to tbe Archduke, what I had said:" but 3-et, ere he went,
he desired to know of me, what I thougbt was to be furthcr
done.
I ttld him, " It could hot be, but there must be a mistak-
ing on the one side or the other. That therefore, to clear
all doubts, I held it expedient for me to write to the General,

irJ'Ole"] VERE'S POLICY IN NOT SEEING THEM. 169
? 6o,A

to let him know our present condition, His Highness's dis-
contentment upon this manner of proceeding, the danger he
exposed me unto ; and fo understand his further purpose for
out enlargement."
This answer he carried presently to His Highness, and
was interpreted by 0WEN; and then sent by a messenger
into the town. And tbus was this tub removed, the Com-
missioners required and sent in, and the Parley brought
upon the former foot again.
The General was hot a little glad of their return, for it
redeemed the fear he had of ours : who, as Captain CHARLES
IASSART told me after, was hot a little perplexed for me.
He would often say, " What shall I do for my Lieutenant
Colonel ?" and wished he had me back again, though he
paid my ransom rive times over. He would sometimes com-
fort himself with hope of their civility and my demeanour :
fearing the worst, he said, "I could not surfer better than
for the public cause."
The reason he hazarded us, and handled them, xvas to
gain so much more time. For that was precious to him, for
the advancement of his works in the Old Town : to which,
through the benefit of this occasion of cessation of hostility,
he had now drawn most of the hands that could labour,
giving them spades fo work, and orders to bave their
weapons by them ready, upon occasion to fight.
He handled the marrer so, that ere the Commissioners
returned again, the Old Town and works were stronger by
[the value ot] a thousand men. He could hot have done
this, af least so conveniently, had he begun conference with
them at their first entry; nor avoided that first conference,
had he stayed them in the town : at least, (every man bath
his own ways) he understood it so ; and it was a sure and
sale course for him and his designs.
For causing E)w.r:D GOL)WELL, a Gentleman that then
waited on him in his chamber, fo make an alarm at their
entvy : he pretended thereupon, treachery on their part, and
ruade if the cause why he would neither let them stay in the
town, nor return the way they came.
This bred disputes, and messengers tassed to and fro
betwixt them and the General. In the meantime, the flood
[ride] came in, and the water waxed so high that there was

1 ïO TIIE COMIHSSIONERS RETURN ON 24TII DE¢. [si@ ot«
x6to.

no passage that way, without a boat: wbereof there vas
none on that side of the town, nor any brought ; for that had
been to cross his own purpose.
The Commissioners desired earnestly to be suffered to
stay, though it were upon the worst Guard [the most destroycd
fort] of the town ; but it was denied. For he must rid him-
self of them. He could not do his business so well, if their
eyes and ears were so near him.
He sent them therefore to their fl'iends on the east side,
forecasting wisely that ere they could corne there, and thence
by the south to the west side again there to have admittance
to His Highness, and there to have the matter debated in
Council, he should not only gain the whole winter's night,
but also the most part of the next day, for his advantage.
\¥hich fell out according to that calculation; and, beyond
his expectation, it continued longer.
At the Commissioners' return, his latter entertainment to
them was better than the first. He feasted with them, drank
and disconrsed with them; but came to no direct overture of
ArIMe, though they much pressed him. That part of the
day and the whole night was so spent, and in sleep.
The like had we in the camp; except drinking, whereof
there was no excess ; but of good cheer and courtesy abun-
dance.
In the morning, were discovered rive ships out of Zealand
riding in the road. They brought 4oo men, and some
materials for the sea works. The men were landed on the
strand with long-boats and shallops. The enemy shot at them
with their artillery, but did no hurt.
The pretext of succour from the States, the General took
to break off the treaty : which he had not yet really entered
into.
The Commissioners were, on both sides, discharged in this
order. CEINO came first into the army. It was my right
to have gone [back] for him; but I sent Captain FIIFaX, at
the earnest entreaty of Don JUN IE PNTOCHI [pp. 166, 167]
and some others : who said, " They desired my stay, only to
have my company so much the longer ; "making me believe it
was agreeable to them, the rather for that I spake their lan-
guage. I was the more willing to yield, because I would not
leave any other impression than that I saw they had received

H. Hexham. 7 AFFAIRS INSIDE OSTEND, ON THAT NIGIIT. I 7 I
161o..

of my integrity in the negotiation. FAIRFAX being in the
town, OTTANES ruade hot long stay; nor I, after him.
The General was not pleased that I stayed out of my turn;
but when I gave him my reasons for it, he seemed to be well
contented.

Concerning what was done within the town during the treaty;
HElrv HEXHAIt [Sir t. V''s tage] gives us this further accourir
upon his own knowledge.

HE next day, towards evening, the enemy's Com-
missioners, CISIANO and O-rTalISs, returned again.
General VERE'S last entertainment of them, was
better than lais first. For he then feasted them,
made them the best cheer he could, drank many
healths as the Queen of England's, the King of Spain's, the
Archduke's, Prince MaURICE'S, and divers others; and dis-
coursed with them at the table, before his brother Sir Hor, acE
VERE and the chief Officers of the town, whom he had in-
vited to keep them conpany: and having drunk freely, led
them into his own chamber, and laid them in his own bed, to
take their tests.
The Commissioners going to bed, theGeneral took his leave
of them ; and presently after, went to the Old Town : where
he round Captain DEXTER and Captain CLIK with their
men, silently at work. Having been with them an hour or
two, to give them directions what they should do, returning
to his lodging, he laid him down upon lais quilt, and gave me
charge that, an hour before day, I should go to RLPH
DEXTER, and command him from him, "not to draw off his
men till the dawning of the day, but that they should follow
their work lustily."
And coming to him, at the rime appointed, according to
my Lord's command; after the break of day, we looked out
towards the sea, and espied rive men-of-war, corne out of
Zealand, riding in the road, which had brought 4oo men and
some materials for the sea works.
Coming home, I wakened rny Master, and told him the first
news of it. He presently sent for our Captainof the Shallops
and Long-boats, which la[u]nc[h]ing out, landed them on the
strand, by our new Middle Haven.

1 7 2 VERES LETTER TO THE 2RCHDUKE. L[-Rev" W.?Dillingham.t6Sl.

And notwithstanding the enemy shot mightily upon them,
with their cannon from their tirer batteries on the east and
west side, to sink them, and hinder their landing: yet did
they no other harm but only hurt three mariners.
These pieces of ordnance roused CER.IO from " his naked
bed": who klaocking, asked me, " What was the reason of
this shooting ? "
I answered him in French, Ily avait quclquegens d'armes de
notres cntrés dans l« ville : whereat he vas much amazed ; and
would hardly give credit to it, till Captain 190TLEY (who came
vith these ships, and whom he knew vell) was brought before
him, and assured him it was so.

Gcneral VERE, having now received part of the long-expected
supplies, together with the assurance of lnore at hand, straightways
broke off the Treaty : which, though ending somewhat abruptly, had,
it seens, finished the part which was by him allotted to it.
Whereupon, he sent the Archduke the following acquittance.

E HA VE, heretofore, hcld it necessa,3,,for certaiu reasous,
o treat with the D«13uties which had anthority fro» your
HÇ«hness ; but whilst we were about fo conclude u[ou [he
Conditions and Articles, there are arrived certain of out
Shilbs of war, by which we have rcccived1art of that which, we had
need of: so that we cannot, with out hononr and oath, continue the
Treaty, nor proceed fit it, which we hope that your Hçhness will
hot take in ill part ; and that, nevertheless, when your lower shall
«ahtce us to the like estate, you will hot refuse, as a most
gcncrous lrince, fo vonchsafe us azain a geutle audience.
From out town of Ostend,
[he 25th of Dcccmbcr, 16Ol.
(signed) F R A I" C l S V E R E.
Now, whosoever shall but consider how many, and how great diffi-
culties the Archduke had strugglcd with, to maintain the siege ; how
.highly concerned he was in point of honour, and how eagerly engaged
in his affections ; and what assured hopes he had of taking the town,
will easily conceive that he must needs find hi,nself much discom-
posed at so unexpected a disappointment. He had already taken it
ith lais eyes : and as if he had bound the Leviathan for his maidens
to sport withal, under the assurance of the truce, lac walked the
Infanta before the town, with twenty Ladies and Gentlewomen in

Rev. W. Dllingham.-]
x657.j 1,200 MEN REPAIRING TIIE XVORKS. 173

her train ; as it were valiantly to stroke this wild beast which he
had now laid fast in the toils, and to look upon the outside of the town
before they entered into it.
Now, to bave his hopes thus blown up, and tobe thrown from the
top of so much confidence ; wonder not if we find him much enraged
at it ! and what can we now expect but that he should let fly his rage
in a sudden and most furious assault upon the town ? especially con-
sidering that, before the Trcaty began, all things were in readiness for
such a purpose. But whether it were, that the "Freaty had unbended
the soldiers' resolution, or the unexpected breaking off had astounded
the Archduke's counsels, or whether lais men were discouraged at
their enemy's increased strength, or whatsoever the cause were : cer-
tain it is, that there was no considerable assault ruade upon the town,
for many days afler.
And we have cause to believe that General VeRE was never a whit
sorry for it ; who had by this means, opportunity, though no leisure,
to repair his works : wherein he employed above ,2oo men for at least
eight days together. During which time, he stood in guard in person,
at the time of lov water in the night, being the rime of greatcst
danger; which conduced much to the encouragement of bis men.
Having received intelligence, by his scouts, of the enemy's prepara-
tions and resolutions, within a few days, to give them a general as-
sault : he was careful to man the chief places, Helmont, Sand Hill,
and the rest ; and to Iurnish them with cannon and stones, and what
else might be useful for their defence.
Meanwhile, the besiegers spared no powder; but let fly at the
ships, which notwithstanding, daily and nightly, went into the town :
and many a bullet was interchanged between the town and the canal»,
which lay, all this while, pelting atone another ; some small hurts
on both sides being given and received.

But the 7th of January [6o2] was the day designed by thc
besiegers wherein to attempt something ext,aordinary.
Ail the day long without intermission, did the Archduke barrer the
]3ulwark of Sand Hill, Hehnont, orcé:ic, and other places adjoining,
with 8 cannon from two of lais batteries : the one at the foot of the
downs upon the Catteys, and the other on the south side thereof.
From whence were discharged, which the cannoneers counted, above
2,ooo shot on that side of the town : all the bullets weighing 4olbs. or
461bs. apiece.

After I was thus tir engaged, I happily [by ha:] met with an
account of this bloody assault, by HENRY HXHASr, who was present
at it. To him, therefore, I shall willingly resign the story.

I74

[HFNR¥ HeXHA,
Sir F R A c s V E R E'S Page.

zqccount of the zqssau]t on Osten],
7th _anuary, I6o2.]

Is Highness the Archduke then seeing him-
self thus deluded by General VERE'S Parley,
xvas much vexed thereat; and was very
angry with the chier of his Council of \Var,
who had diverted him from giving the
assault upon that day [23rd Dccember,
16Ol] when the Parley was called for:
insomuch that some of them, for two or

three days after, as it was credibly reported, durst not look
hirn in the face.
Others, to please him, persuaded him to give an assault
upon the town. Hereupon, His Highness took a resolution
to revenge himself of those within the town, saying" he would
put them ail to the sword !" his Commanders and soldiers
taking likewise an oath that, if they entered, "theywould llot
spare man, xvoman, nor child in it ! "
Till that, the enemy had shot upon and into the town,
above 163,2oo cannon shot, to beat it about out ears ; scarcely
leaving a whole house standing: but now, to pour out his
wrath and fury more upon us, on the 7th of January [16o2]
above-said, very early in the morning, he began with 18 pieces
of cannon and half-cannon, carrying bullets of 481bs and 4olbs
apiece [See Vol. IV. p. 251!, fl'om their Pile Battery, and
that which stood under their Cattey upon the foot of the

H. Hexham.-] ]D - ^ x*
t x6xo._l ..... AND DETAILS OF PANISH ATTACK. I7

downs, to batter Sand Hill, the Porc@ic, and Helmont.
And that day till evening, he shot upon Sand Hill and the
Curtainof the Old Town, above 22o cannon shot; insomuch
that it might rather have been called Iron Hill than Sand
Hill : for it stuck so full of bullets, that many of them tumbled
doxvn into the False Bay ; and others striking on their own
bullets, broke in pieces, and ttew up into the air as high as a
steeple.
During this furious battery, the enemy, all the day long,
ruade great preparations to assault us against night : and to
that end, brought down scaling ladders, great store of ammu-
nition, hand grenades [small shells throw» with thc hmtd], and
divers other instruments and materials of war fitting there-
unto; and withal, towards evening, drew down his army.
and ordered his men in this manner :
Count FAmqESE, an Italian, should first give on, with 2,ooo
Italians and Spaniards, upon Sand Hill, the breach, and the
Curtain of the Old Town : and the Governor of Dixmunde,
with 2,oo Spaniards and other nations, upon the PorcCic
and Helmont. Another Captain, with 5oo men, was to fall
on upon the West Ravelin; and another Captain, with 5oo
men more, upon the South Quarriers: and the Spanish
Sergeant-Major General [? Orr.mïs] which was an hostage
in Ostend, upon the \Vest Quartiers. Making in all 8,ooo
men to assault the xvest side.
And the Count of Buç?uç was to have assaulted the east
side, the East Ravelin and the New Haven; as a second
[suD_])ort] for them which fell on upon the Sand Hill and the
Old Town on the west side. And thus their men, time, and
place were ordered.

General VERE knoxving the enemy's intent, that he would
assault us at low water, slept not ; but was exceedingly carcful
and vigilant, all the day, to prepare the things necessary to
defend the town and withstand the enemy. And because
there were no spars, beams, and palisadoes in the Magazine, he
caused divers houses that were shot [through], to be pulled
down ; and taking the beams and spars flom off them, he
made the carpenters make palisadoes and stockadoes of them.
At a high vater, he shut the West Sluices, and en,rossed as
much water as he possibly could into the Old and New Town.

I 7 6 PLAN AND DETAILS OF ENGLISH DEFENCE. [. Hexham.
_ z6zo.

Towards evening, he drew all the men in the town that
were able to fight, into arms: and disposed of them, as
followeth :
To maintain Sand Hill, and defend the breach, he placed
his brother Sir I-IORACE VERE, and Sir CHARLES FAIRFAX
[pp. 136 , 166] with 12 weak companies, xvl:reof some were
hot above IO or 12 strong ; giving them double arms, a pike
and a musket, and a good store of ammunition.
Upon the Curtain [i.e., the plain wall] of the Old Town
between Sand ttill and a redoubt called Schottenburch (a
rnost dangerous place, which he feared most; being torn and
bcaten doxvn with the sea and the enemy's cannon), Sir
FRANCIS VERE stood himself, vith Captain ZEGLIN xvith 6
xveak companies, to belp to defend it.
\Vithin the redoubt of Schottenburch itself, he appointed
Captain UxzrOVEr [pp. 57, 159] and Captain
with their z companies.
From Schottenburch along the Curtain fo the Old Church
(which the enemy had shot down) ; he placed Colonel Lo.
xvith his 3oo Zealanders that came in to the town lin the rive
ships, pp. 7 o, r7z] the day iz5l» Dec., 6o] the Parley brake
off.
From the Old Church along the Curtain and the Flanks to
the north part; Captain ZXrA, commanded over 6 weak
companies.
Upon the redoubt called Moses Table, was Captain
]IONTESQUIRE DE ROQUES, a worthy French Captain, whom
Sir FRAICS VERE loved entirely for the worth and valour
that was in him, with 2 French companies.
For the guarding of the North Ravelin; he appoint.ed
Captain CHARLES RASSART with 4 weak companies.
The rest of the Curtain, by reason of the Flanks upon the
cut of the New Haven, being reasonably well defended, were
leff unmanned.
Upon the Curtain of the New Town, under Flamenburg,
were placed 5 weak companies; to second [subport] Moses
Table, if need did require.
Upon Flamenburg, 2 whole-cannon and 2 field pieces were
planted, to scour the Old Town.
Upon the \Vest Ravelin, 2 companies were likewise placed,
and a whole-cannon and 2 half-cannon planted upon it.

H. Hexham.']
. t x,o.J 1,2OO MEN TO RESIST IO,OOO SPANIARDS. 177

For the defending of the Porcéibic, a place of great import-
ance, lying under the Helmont; Sir FRaNClS VERE placed four
of the strongest companies that could be found in the town.
Upon the Bulwark called Helmont, which flanked directly
the breach and Sand Hill, and scoured along the strand,
between the enemy's Pile ]3attery, the Old Haven, over which
they were to pass to corne to Sand Hill, and the Curtain of
the Old Town, which also did help to defend the PorcCic: he
placed Io weak companies, whereof the General's company
was one. And it had upon it 9 brass and iron pieces, ladened
with chained bullets, boxes with musket bullets, and cartridge
shot. These IO companies were kept as a reserve, to be
employed as a second [reioEorcement] where most occasion
required. They werecommanded by Captain METKIRCK and
Sergeant-Major [= the present Major of a foot regiment: see
Vol. I. ib. 463] CamENTER-
The test of the bulwarks and rampires, and the Counterscarp
about the town were but slightly manned, with a few men ;
in regard that the enemy could corne to attempt none of them,
till he became master of the former.
Here you see a great many companies thus disposed of;
but all, or most of them, were exceedingly weak, and some
of them not above 7 or 8 men strong : which in ail, could not
make above 1,2oo able fighting men, to resist an army of
IO,OOO men, that stood ready to assault them.

The ordnance and other instruments and materials of war,
the General disposed of in this sort:
Upon the casernent of the \Vest Bulwark, he planted two
vhole and two half-cannon, which flanked Helmont and the
torcépiÇ, and scoured along the Old Haven down as far as the
Ton Beacon, beyond their Pile Battery, next to that place
where they were to pass over the haven at a low water. This
ordnance was likewise charged with musket bullets, chain
bullets, and iron bullets.
Upon all these batteries, especially those which flanked
the breach and played directly upon the strand ; Sir FRAClS
VERE disposed of the best cannoneers in the town : among
the test, FRANCIS the GURMER, an excellent cannoneer, who
had been the death of many a Spaniard. And because they
should be sure to take their mark right upon their cog [mark]
.EVG. GdR. Vil. 12

i7 8 A PRECIOUS QUARTER OF AN HOUR. [H. He*ham
? x6to.

before it grew dark, he commanded them to let fly two or
three cannon bullets upon the strand and towards the New
Haven, to see for a trial xvhere their bullets fell, that they
might find their ground the better in the night, when the
enemy was to fall on.
Moreover, on the top of the breach, and along the Curtain
of the Old Toxvn, were set firkins of ashes, to be tumbled
down the wall upon the enemy to blind them: also little
firkins with frize-ro, tcrs or quadrant tenternails, three sticking
in the ground and one upright ; which were likewise to be
cast down the rampire to prick them, when they sought to
enter. Then there were many great heaps of stones and
brickbats (brought from the Old Church they had shot down)
to throw amongst them. Then we had ropes of pitch, hoops
bound about with squibs and fireworks to throw among them,
great store of hand grenades; and clubs, which we called
"Hercules Clubs," with heavy heads of wood and nails
driven into the squares of them. These and some others,
because the enemy had sworn ail out deaths, the General
provided to entertain and welcome them.

When it began to grow darkish, a little before low water,
in the interim while the enemy was a cooling of his ordnance,
which had played ail the day long upon the breach and the
Old Town: the General taking advantage of this precious
time, commanded Captain DEXlER and Captain CLARK with
some 5 ° stout vorkmen, who had a rose-noble [=I6S. 8d.--
£4 now] a piece, for a quarter of an hour's vork, to get up to
the top of the breach which the enemy's cannon had made
very mountable, and then, vith all expedition, to cast up a
small breastwork and drive in as many palisadoes as possibly
they could : that his brother Sir HORACE VERE, and the rest
of the Captains and soldiers which he commanded, might
bave some little shelter, the better to defend the breach and
repulse the enemy, when he stroved to enter. Which, blessed
be GOD ! with the loss of a fe»v men, they performed.

This being done, Sir FRANCIS VERE went through the
Sally Port, down into the False Bray. And it being

Il. l-Iexham.-], ,,,o.A " I SMELL GOOD STORE OF GOLD CHAINS." I 79

twilight, called for an old soldier, a Gentleman of his com-
pany, to go out senti;zel-perdu [i.e., in a hazardons #osition], and
to creep out to the strand between two gabions; giving him
express command that if he saw an enemy, he should corne
in unto him silently, without giving any alarm at ail.
He crept upon his belly as far as he could ; and, at last,
discovered Count FARNESE above mentioned, wading and
put over the Old Haven, above their Pile I3attery, with his
,ooo Italians, which were to fall on first : and, as they [hadj
waded over, he drev them up into battalions and divisions:
which this Gentleman having discovered, came silently to
Sir FRAcs VERE, as he had commanded him. Who asked
him, " What news ? "
" My Lord," says he, " I smell good store of gold chains,
buff jerkins, Spanish cassocks [long military cloaks], and
8panish blades."
" Ha!" say Sir FRANCIS VERE, " sayest thou me so! I
hope thou shalt have some of them anon !" and giving him
a piece of gold, he went up again through the Sally Port to
the top of Sand Hill. Where he gave express order to
Sergeant-Major CARPENTER tO go to Helmont, and every man
to his charge ; and not to take any alarm, or shoot off either
cannon- or musket-shot till he himself gave the signal : and
then to give tire, both with the ordnance and small shot, as
fast as ever they could charge and discharge.
\Vhen the enemy had put over his 2,000 Italians ; he had
also a signal, to give notice thereof to the Count of I3tsCQtSO¢,
that they were ready to fall on : whose signal was the shot of
a cannon from their Pile I3attery into the sea towards his
quarters, with a hollow-holed buIlet, which ruade a humming
lloise.

When General VERE had got them under the swoop of his
cannon and small shot, he poured a volley of cannon- and
musket-shot upon them, raking through their battalions, and
makes lanes through them upon the bare strand ; which did
so amaze and startle them, that they were at a non-iblus
whether they should fall on or retreat back again. Yet at
last taking courage, and tumbling over the dead bodies, they
rallied themselves and came under the foot of Sand Hill and

I8O TIIE WALLS OF OSTEND ABLAZE WITIt FIRE. [H. He*ham',6,o.

along the foot of the Curtain of the Old Wall, to the very
piles that were struck under the wall, vhere they began to
make ready to send us a volley.
Which Sir FRaNcls VEIE seeing they vere a presenting,
and ready to give tire upon us, because indeed ail the breast-
work and parapet was beaten down fiat to the rampire that
da3, , with their ordnance, and we standing open to the enemy's
shot, commanded ail the soldiers to fall fiat dovn upon the
ground, while the enemy's shot flew like a shower of hail
over their heads : vhich, for the reasons above said, saved a
great many men's lives.
This being done; our men rising, saw the enemy hasting
to corne up to the breach, and mounting up the wall of the
Old Town. Sir ti'RANCIS VERE flourishing his sword, called
to them in Spanish and Italian, Vienneza !; causing the
soldiers, as they climbed up, to cast and tumble down among
them, the firkins of ashes, the barrels of frize-ruyters, the
ropes, stones and brickbats which were provided for them.
The alarm being given, it was admirable to see with what
courage and resolution out men fought. Yea, the LORD
did, as it were, infuse fregh courage and strength into a com-
pany of poor snakes [ ? sneaks or hideaways] and sick soldiers,
vhich came running out of their huts up to the wall to fight
their shares ; and the women with their laps full of powder,
to supp.ly them, when they had shot away ail their ammuni-
tion.
Now were all the walls of Ostend all on a light tire, and
our ordnance thundering upon them, from out Bulwarks.
Now was there a lamentable cry of dying men among them :
for they could no sooner corne up to the top o.f. the breach to
enter it, or peep up between Sand Hill and Schottenburch but
they were either knocked on the head with the stocks of out
muskets or our Hercules Clubs, or run through with our
pikes and swords. Twice or thrice, when they strived to
enter, they were beaten off, and could get no advantage upon
rIS.
The fight upon the breach and the Old Town continued,
hotter and hotter, for the space of above an hour. The
enemy fell on, at the saine instant, upon the Porc@ic,
Helmont, the West Ravelin, and Quartiers; but were so
bravely repulsed, that they could not enter a man.

H. Hexham.'] DEFEATED SPANIARDS RETIRE WITH LOSS. 1 8I
? x6*o._l

The enemy fainting, and having had his belly full; those
on thc west side beat a doleful retreat: while the Lord o|
Hosts ended our dispute for the town, and crowned us with
victory : and the roafing noise of our cannon rending the air
and rolling along the superficies of the water, the wind being
South and vith us, carried that night the news thereof,
to our friends in England and Holland.
General VERE perceiving the enemy to fall off, commanded
me to run, as fast as ever I could, to Sergeant-Major CaR-
PENTER and the Auditor FLEMING, who were upon Helmont,
that they should presently [at once] open the West Sluice :
out of which there tan such a stream and torrent, through
the channel of the \Vest Haven, that, upon their retreat, it
carried away many of their sound and hurt men into the sea.
And besides, our men fell [went] down our walls after them,
and slew a great many of their men as they retreated. They
took some prisoners, pillaged and stript a great many [of the
killed], and brought in gold chains, Spanish pistols, buff
jerkins, Spanish cassocks, blades, swords, and targets [shidds]
(among the rest, one wherein was enamelled in gold, the
Seven Worthies worth 70o or 8oo guilders [=£7o or £80=
£350 or £400 now]).
Among the rest, was that soldier which Sir FRArCIs VERE
had sent out to discover ; vho came with as much booty as
ever he could lug, saying, " Sir FRANClS VELUE was now as
good as his word."
Under Sand Hill and ail along the walls of the Old Town,
the PorclSic, and West Ravelin, lay whole heaps o/ dead car-
cases, 4 ° or 5 ° upon a heap, stark naked ; goodly young men,
Spaniards and Italians: among which, some, besides other
marks to know them by, had their beards clean shaven off.
There lay also upon the sand some dead horses; ladened
with baskets of hand grenades. They left also behind them
their scaling ladders, great store of spades and showels
[shovels], bills, hatchets and axes, with other materials.

Here the French 19iary adds, that those who gave the assault on
.the Old Town, were furnished with two or three d,y's victuals, which
they had brought in sacks : intending to have intrenched themselves,
and maintain the place against the besieged, if their enterprise had

182 HOW THE EAST AT_'ACK WAS BEGUILED. [H. Hexham-,. 6o

succeeded. Also that, among the heaps ofthe slain was round, in man's
apparel, the body of a young Spanish woman, near unto Sand Hill :
who, as was conjectured by her wounds, had been slain in the assault;
having under ber apparel, a chain of gold set with precious stones,
besides other jewels and silver. And also that, during this assault,
the Archduke disposed of himself behind the battery of the Catteys ;
and the Infanta remained at the Fort Isabella.

Upon the east side a|so, they stood in three great battalions
before the town, upon the Gullet ; but the tide coming in,
they came too late : so that they could not second those on
the west side, and fa|l on where they were appointed ; to wit,
upon our New Haven, which lay upon the north-east side of
the town. For the water beginning to rise, it did amaze the
soldiers; and they feared, if they stayed any longer, th¢y
could hot be relieved by their fellows.
However, for their honour, they would do something : and
resolved to give upon our Spanish Half-Moon, which lay
over the Gullet [i.e., on the othcr side the Geule from the town],
on the south-east part of the town.
A soldier of ours falling out of it (a policy of Sir FRANClS
VERE'S) ; disappointed this design [i.e., ofsupporting the western
attack], and yielding himself prisoner unto them, told them
that there were but 4 ° soldiers in the Half-Moon ; and offered
fo lead them to if. Whieh he did, and they took it. For
General VERE, with great judgement, had left it thus ill-man-
ned ; to draw the enemy on the east side thither, to separate
them from their fellows on the vest side, and to make them
lose rime: eontenting himself to guard the places of most
importance; and assuring himself that he should soon
recover the other at his pleasure.
The Archduke's men, having thus taken the Half-Moon,
and being many therein; they began xvith spades, shovels,
pickaxes, and other instruments, to turn it up against the
town : but ail prevailed not, for it lay open towards the town.
And those of the town began to shoot at them, from the
South and Spanish t3ulvarks, both xvith eannon- and musket-
shot, with such fury, that they slew many of them ; and
withal seeing the ride corne in more and more, they began to
faint. Whereupon General VERE sent Captain DAV xvith
some troops, to beat them out of it; who, with great courage,

H.
Hexham." I
KILLED
AND XVOUNDED ON BOTH SIDES. i8 3

chased them out of it, vith the effusion of much blood: for,
the next day, they told [comtted] 3oo men slain in the Half-
Moon, besides those that were drowned and hurt.

In this general assault, which, on both sides of the
town, continued above two hours upon all the places above
mentioned; the Archduke, besides some that were carried
into the sea, lost above z,ooo men. Among the which,
there were a great number of noblemen, chiefs and com-
manders: among the test, the Count D'I,ltmO, an Italian
(who offered as much gold as he did weigh for his
ransom, 3:et he was slain by a private soldier); Don
DURANGO, Maistro del Campo, or Colonel; Don ALVARES
SUARES, Knight of the Order of St. James ; SIMor ArTHOIqlO,
Colonel ; the Sergeant-Major-General [ ? OTTAIqES], who had
been hostage in Ostend, on the 24th and 25th of December,
16Ol [see pp. 166, 171] ; and the Lieutenant-Governor of Ant-
werp, and divers others.
On out side, there xvere slain between 30 and 4 ° soldiers,
and about IOO hurt. The men of Command slain were,
Captain HAUGHTON, Captain vAN DEN LIER a Lieutenant of
the new Geux, 2 English Lieutenants, an Ancient _Ensign-
bearer], Captain HAUGHTON'S two Sergeants : and IX[aster
TEDCASTLE, a Gentleman of Sir FRANCIS VERE'S horse, who
was slain betxveen Sir FRANClS VERE and myself, his Page,
with two musket-buIlets chained together. \Vho calling to
me, bade me pull off .his gold ring flore off his little finger,
and send it to his sister, as a token of his last "Good night : "
and so, commending his spirit into the hands of the LORD,
died. Sir HORACE VERE was likewise hurt in the leg, with
a splinter that flesv from a paliado.

And thus much, briefly, of the assault and the repulse they
received in Ostend, that day and night; in memory of the
heroic actions of Sir FR.«ClS VERE, of famous memory, my
old Master.

After this bloody shower was once over, the weather deared up

84 VERE GIVES UP HIS CO,XIMAND AT OSTEND. w. ïi,,ingham.

into its usual temper: and so continued, not without good store of
artificial thunder and lightning on both sides daily ; but without any
remarkable alterafions, until the 7th of March then next ensuing,
hich was in the year 6o2.
Then did General VERE, having lately repaired the Poulder and
West Square, resign up his government of Ostend unto others
appointed by the States to succeed him : having valiantly defended
it, for above eight months, against all the Archduke's power; and
leaving it much better able to defend itself, than it was at his first
coming thither.
So the saine night, both he and his brother, Sir HOR,C. V.R.,
embarked themselves, having sent away their horses and baggage
before them ; both carrying with them, and leaving behind them, the
marks of true honour and renown.

FINIS.

DIELLA.

Certain Sonnets, adjoined

to the amorous Poeln of
D o m D ï a o and G rvïvxt.

By R. L., Gentleman.

Ben balla, fi chi fortuna suona.

AT LONDON,
Printed for HrNlv O/NEv, and are to be sold at
his shop in Fleet street, near the Middle Temple Gare.
596.

I8 7

To the most worthiv honoured and
G z «w ,u. w to the toast
nobk, magnanimous, and wortl ,}ht,
Sir H E N R Y G L E M N H A I , &c.
IDAM,
0ç many honourable virtues having tied me to
your eternal service; to shew some pa of my
duty, I present your Ladyship with a few pas-
sionate Sonnets intermingled with the Loves of
Dom DleaO and
Deign, gentle Lady, to accept them, and therein shew the
greatness of your benignity, in receiving coueously a
of so small woh : which though it cannot any xvays equal
either the number of vour viues, or the eatness of that
noble House, whence your Ladyship is descended ; impute it
not, Madam, to my defect of Judgement, but of Foune;
for were I furnished with the greatest riches that blind
goddess could bestow on a man of my state, both they and I
vould fall prostrate at your feet, and ever rest at your Lady-
ship's devotion.
Yet, Madam, as itis, itis a Child of the Muses, and, there-
fore, worthy tobe cherished; conéeived in the brain of a
gallant Gentleman, and therefore tobe favoured: sent into
the world by me, vho have ever honoured your Ladyship,
and therefore crave of your Ladyship to be protected, to
whom I ever xvish long lire, lenhened with ail honourable
happiness.
Your Ladyship's
in all duty,
Hz

I89

[SONNETS.]

SONNET I.

HEN first the feathered god did strike my
heart
with fatal and immedicable wound,
Leaving behind the head of his fell dart;
my bloodless body fell unto the ground.
And, when with shame I reinforced my
might,

boldly to gaze on her so heavenly face,
Huge flames of tire She darted from her light,
which since have scorched me in most piteous case.
To quench which heat, an ocean of tears
bave gushèd out from forth my red-swollen eyes.
But deep-fetched sighs, this raging flame uprears,
and blow the sparks up to the purple skies:
Whereat, the gods, afraid that heaven should burn,
Intreated LovE, that I, for e'er might mourn.

SONNET II.
o
IOoN Tas the azure-coloured Gares of th'East
I1 ere set wide open by the vatchful Morn,
[----1 I walked abroad, as having took no rest
(for nigbts are tedious fo a man forlorn) ;
And viewing well each pearl-bedewèd flower,
then waxing dry by splendour of the sun :
All scarlet-hued I sav him 'gin to lower
and blush, as though some heinous act were done.
Af this amazed, I hied me home amain,
thinking that I, his anger causèd had.
And at his set, abroad I walked again ;
when, 1o, the moon looked wondrous pale and sad.
Anger, the one; and envy moved the other,
"fo see my Love more fair than Lovv.'s fair mother.

SONNET III.

WIFT-FOOTED Time ! look back I and here mark well
those rare-shaped parts my pen shall now declare
My Mistress' snow-white Skin doth much excel
the pure soft wool Arcadian sheep do bear!
Her Hair exceeds gold forced in smallest wire,
in smaller threads than those
Her Eyes are crystal fountains, yet dart tire
more glorious to behold than midday sun
Her ivory Front, though soft as purest silk,
looks like the table * of Olympic JovE
Her Cheeks are like ripe cherries laid in milk
her alabaster Neck, the throne of Love
Her other parts so far excel the rest,
That wanting words, they cannot be expressed

R. L[inclae ?]-I . I E L L A 19 I
I596. J

SONNET IV.

HAT sugared terms, what all-persuading art,
what sweet mellifluous xvords, what wounding
looks,
LOVE used for his admittance to my heart 1
such eloquence was never read ïn books !
He promised Pleasure, Rest, and Endless Joy,
Fruition of the fairest She alive.
His pleasure, pain; rest, trouble ; joy, annoy ;
have I since round ! which me, of bliss deprive.
The Trojan horse, thus have I now let in;
wherein enclosed these armèd men were placed.
Bright Eyes, fait Cheeks, sweet Lips, and milk-white Skin,
these foes, my life have overthrown and razed.
Fait outward shews prove inwardly the worst :
Love looketh fait, but lovers are accurst !

SONNET V.

HE little Archer viewing well my Love,
I stone-still amazed, admirèd such a sight ;
] And swore he knew none such to dwell above :
though many fair; none, so conspicuous bright !
\Vith that enraged, flamigerous as he is,
he now 'gan loathe his PSYCHE'S lovely face;
And swore great oaths, "to rob me of my bliss,"
saying that " earth for her, was too too base ! "
13ut CYTHEREA checked her lordly son,
commanding him to bring no giglet thither !
Fearing indeed, her amorous sports were done
with hotspur MARS, if he should once but see her.
If then her beauty move the gods above ;
Let ail men judge, if I have cause to love !

I92 D I E/; /; A . R. Lt;che:,s96.

SONNET VI.

IRROR Of Beauty ! Nature's fairest Child !
Empress of Love ! my heart's high-prizèd jewel !
Learn of the Dove, to love and fo be mild !
be not to him that honours thee, so cruel !
I3ut as the Asp, deaf, angry, nothing meek ;
thou will hOt listen to my doleful plaint !
Nor once wilt look on my discoloured cheek!
which wanting blood, causeth me oft to faint.
Then, silent will I be ! if that will please thee :
yet so, as in my stead, each plain, each hill
Shall echo forth my grief! and thereby ease me;
for I myself, of speaking have my fill.
If plains and hills be silent in my pain ;
My death shall speak I and tell what I sustain !

SONNET VII.
[See /'al./'. ,'. 7,, J28, 460, 65x : V./c. 370: /rl.p. J44-]
HEN LOVE had first besieged my heart's strong wall,
rampiered and countermured with Chastity,
And had with ordnance ruade his tops to fall
stooping their glory to his surquedry :
I called a parley, and withal did crave
some Composition, or some friendly Peace ;
To this request, he, his consent soon gave,
as seeming glad such cruel wars should cease.
I, nought mistrusting, opened all the gates,
yea, lodged him in the palace of my heart :
VVhen, he, in dead of night, he seks his mates,
And shews each traitor how to play his part ;
\¥ith that, they fired my heart I and thence 'gan fly !
Their names, Sweet Smiles, Fait Face, and Piercing Eye.

SONNET VIII.

IIE to a falcon watching for a flight,
duly attending lais desirèd gaine;
Have I oft vatched and marked to have a sight
of thy fair face, exceeding niggard Faine !
Thine eyes, those seminaries of my grief !
have been more gladsome to my tirèd sprite,
Than naked savages receive relief
by comfort-bearing warmth of PHOEBUS' light.
But when each part so glorious I had seen ;
I trembled more than Autumn's parchèd leaves !
Mine eyes were greedy whirlpools sucking in
that heavenly Fair, which me of test bereaves.
Then as thy Beauty thus hath conquered me,
Fair ! let relenting Pity conquer thee !

SONNET IX.

LoT not thy beauty (Fairest, yet unkind I)
with cruel usage of a yielding heart !
The stoutest Captain scorns such bloody mind
then mingle mercy, where thou causedst smart
Let him hot die, in his May-springing days !
that living, vows to honour thee for ever.
Shine forth some pity from thy sun-!ike rays!
that hard-frozed hate may so dissolve and sever!
O were thou hot much barder than a flint,
thou hadst ere this, been melted into love!
In firmest stone, small rain doth make a print
but seas of tears cannot thy hardness more
Then, wretched I, must die before my rime !
131asted and spoilèd in my budding prime.
E.V. GAR. VlI.

94 D z z z .4 «
Lfinche 1

SONNET X.

HEN FLORA vaunts her in her proud array,
[ clothing fair TELLUS in a spangled govn ;
I \Vhen BOREAS' fury is exiled away,
and all the welkin cleared ffom angry frown :
At that saine time, ail Nature's children joy ;
trees leave, flovers bud, plants spring, and beasts increase.
Only my soul, surcharged with deep annoy,
cannot rejoice, nor sighs nor tears can cease :
Only the grafts of sorrow seem to grov ;
set in my heart, no other spring I find.
Delights and pleasures are o'ergrown with woe,
laments and sobs possess my veeping mind.
The ffost of grief so nips Delight at foot :
No sun but She can doit any boot.

SONNET XI.

HAT She can be so cruel as my Love,
or bear a heart so pitiless as She ?
Whom love, looks, words, tears, prayers do not
move ;
nor sighs, nor vovs prevail to pity me.
She calls my love, " a SINON to her heart !"
" my looks," she saith, "are like the crocodile's !"
" My words the Sirens sing, with guileful art ! "
tears, "CIRCE'S floods !" sighs, vows, "deceitful guiles !"
But my poor heart hath no interpreter
but love, looks, words, tears, prayers, sighs, or vows !
Then must it die ! sith She, my comforter,
whate'er I do, nor liketh, nor allows.
\Vith TITUS, thus the vulture Sorroxv eats me !
"With steel-twigged rods, thus tyrant CUPD beats me !

R. Ltinche -1-1 .D 2" E z L A .
x596. ] 19 5

SONNET XII.

Hoç (like the fair-faced, gold-encovered book,
whose lines are stuffed with damnèd heresies)
Dost in thy face, bear a celestial look;
when, in thy heart, live hell-born cruelties !
Vv'ith poisonous toads, the clearest spring's infected;
and purest lawn's nought worth, if full of stains :
So is fair/3eauty, when true love's rejected ;
when coal-black hate within the heart remains.
Then love, my Dear ! let that be Methridate
to overcome the venom of disdain !
Be pitiful ! tread down this killing hate !
Convert to sugared pleasure, gall-ful pain !
O, sith Disdain is foe unto thy Fair,
Exile him thence ! there, let him hot repairl

SONNET XIII.

I{NOW, within my mouth, for bashful fear
and dread of your disdain, my xvords will die !
I know, I shall be stricken dumb, my Dear!
with doubt of your unpitiful reply.
know, when as I shall before you lie
prostrate and humble, craving help of you ;
Misty aspects vill cloud your sun-bright eye,
and scornful looks o'ershade your beauty's hue.
know, when I shall plead my love so true,
so stainless, constant, loyal, and upright ;
My truthful pleadings will hot cause you rue
The ne'er-heard state of my distressèd plight.
knov, when I shall corne with face bedight
with streaming tears, fallen from my fountain eyes,

196 .D 1" . . A o
L[inche.
596

SONNET XIII.
[The saine numher is repeated, a kind of double Sonnet on the saine thought, being attempted.]
['--'--]REATIItG forth sighs of most heart-breaking might,
[ --]] my tears, my sighs, and me, you will despise
_L.[ I know, when with the power that in me lies,
and all the prayers and vows that women move,
I shall in humblest mercy-moving wise,
intreat, beseech, desire, and beg your love :
I know, sweet Maiden ! all will hot remove
flint-hearted rigour from your rocky breast !
But all my means, my suit, and what I prove,
prove bad, and I must live in all unrest.
Dying in life, and living still in death,
And yet nor die, nor draw a life-like breath.

SONNET XIV.

HEN broad-faced rivers turn unto their fountains
and hungry wolves devourèd are by sheep;
When marine dolphins play on snow-tipped moun-
tains,
and foul-formed bears do in the ocean keep :
Then shall I leave to love, and cease to burn
in these hot flames, wherein I now delight !
But this I know, the rivers ne'er return,
nor silly sheep with ravening wolves date fight,
Nor dolphins leave the seas, nor bears, the voods ;
for Nature bids them ail to keep their kind.
Then eyes, rain forth your over-swellèd floods,
till, drownèd in such seas, may make you blind !
Then, Heart's Delight ! sith I must love thee ever,
Love me again [ and let thy love persèver !

R. L[inehe ?]']
t596... ]

SONNET XV.

]0 SOONER leaves HYPERION, THETIS' bed,
and mounts his coach to post ffom thence away;
Richly adol'ning fait LEUCOTHEA S head,
giving to mountains, tincture from his ray :
But straight I fise, where I could find no test,
where visions and fantasies appear ;
And when, with small ado, my body's dresst,
abroad I walk, to think upon my Dear!
\Vhere, under umbrage of some agèd tree,
with lute in hand I sit and, sighing, say,
" Sweet groves, tell forth with echo, what you see !
good trees, bear witness, who is my decay !
And thou, my soul, speak ! speak what rest I have,
\Vhen each our joy's despair doth make me rave !"

SONNET XVI.

---IUT thou, my dear sweet-sounding lute, be still !
.]} . repose thy troubled strings upon this moss !
----I "I hou hast full often eased me 'gainst my will :
lie down in peace, thy spoil were my great loss!
l'Il speak enough of ber too cruel heart,
enough to move the stony rocks to ruth !
And cause these trees veep tears to hear my smart,
though cruel She will not once weigh my truth.
Her face is of the purest white and red,
ber eyes are crystal, and ber hair is gold.
The World, for shape vith garlands crovn ber head,
and yet a tigress' heart dwells in this mould.
But I must love her, Tigress ! too too much !
Forced; must I love! because I find none such.

98 D « « z z
L[inche ?|
596.

SONNET XVII.

HE sun-scorched seaman, when he sees the seas,
all in a fury, hoist him to the sky ;
And throw him doxvn again, as vaves do please,
(so chaséd clouds, from 3EoL's mastiffs fly !)
In such distress, provideth with great speed
ail means fo save him from the tempest's rage :
He shews his wit, in such like time of need,
the big swoll'n billows' fury to assuage.
But foolish I, althouth I see my death,
and feel her proud disdain too feelingly
(Which me of all felicity bereaveth) :
yet seek no means t' escape this misery.
So am I charmed with heart-enchanting beauty,
That still to wail, I think it is my duty.

SONNET XVIII.

UPID had done some heinous act or other,
that caused IDALEA whip him very sore.
The stubborn boy away runs from his mother,
protesting stoutly to return no more.
By chance, I met him ; who desired relief,
and craved that I, some lodging would him give.
Pitying his looks, which seemed drowned in grief,
I took him home; there thinking he should live.
But see the Boy! Envying at my lire
(which never sorrow, never love had tasted),
He raised within my heart such uncouth strife ;
that, with the saine, my body now is wasted,
ty thankless Love, thus vilely am I used !
13y using kindness, I ara thus abused ;

x596._[

SONNET XIX.

[IHEIq Night returns back to his ugly mansion,
and clea, r-faced Morning makes her bright uprise;
In sorrow s depth, I murmur out his cantion
(salt tears distilling from my dewy eyes),
" 0 thou deceitful SOtNUS, goal of dreams !
cease fo afflict my over-painèd sprite
\Vith vain illusions, and idle themes !
thy spells are false! thou canst not charm aright!
For when, in bed, I think t'embrace my Love
(enchanted by thy magie so to think),
Vain are my thoughts ! 'tis empty air, I prove
that still I wail, till watching make me wink
And when I wink, I wish I ne'er might wake,
But sleeping, carried to the Stygian lake."

SONNET XX.

HE strongest pine, that Queen FERONIA bath,
growing within her woody emiry,
Is soon thrown down by ]OREAS wintry wrath,
if one root only his supporter be.
The taIIest ship that cuts the angry wave,
and plows the seas of SATURN'S second sun,
If but one anchor for a journey have,
when that is lost, 'gainst every rock doth run.
I am that pine, fait Love ! that ship am I !
and thou, that anchor art and root to me t.
If then thou rail (0 fMI not !) I must die !
and pine away in endless misery!
But words prevail not ! nor can sighs devise
To move thy heart, if bent to tyrannize.

I-R. L[inche 71
200 D r.E L L .4 . L 596.

SONNET XXI.

iNIS WINTER'S rage, young planers unkindly spilleth ;
as ha!l, green corn ; and li,htnings, flowers perish ;
So man s decay is Love! whose heart it killetb,
if in his soul, he carefully it cherish.
0 how alluringly he offers grace ;
and breathes new hope of lire into our thought.
With cheerful, pleasant (yet deceitful) face
he creeps and fawns, till, in his net w' are caught ;
Then, when he sees us captives by him led,
and sees us prostrate, humbly craving help,
So tierce a lion, Lybia never bred !
nor adder's sting ! nor any tigress' whelp !
0 blest be they that never felt his force !
LOVE bath, nor pity, mercy, nor remorse !

SONNET XXII.

OOK, as a bird, through sweetness of the call,
doth clean forger the foxvler's guileful trap ;
Or.one that gazing on the stars, doth fall
in some deep pit, bewailing his mishap :
So wretched I, xvhilst, with Lynceus' eyes,
I greedily beheld her angel's face,
\Vas straight entangled with such subtilties,
as, ever since, I live in woful case.
Her cheeks were roses laid in crystal glass ;
ber breasts, tvo apples of Hesperides ;
Her voice, more sweet than famous THAMIRAS,
reviving death with Doric melodies :
I, hearkening so to this attractive call,
Was caught, and ever since have lived in thrall.

R. Ll_inche?]' . I E Z Z .4 2OI
1596._]

SONNET XXIII.

Y LIFE'S preserver ! hope of my heart's bliss !
w,h, en shall I knov the doom of lire or death ?
Hell s fearful torments easier are, than this
soul's agony, wherein I now do breathe.
If thou wouldst look ! this my tear-stainèd face,
dreary and wan, far differing from what it vas,
Vfould vell reveal my most tormentful case,
and shew thy Fair, my Grief as in a glass.
Look, as a deer late vounded very sore,
among the herd, full heavily doth feed ;
So do I live ! expecting evermore,
vhen as my xvounded heart should cease to bleed.
Hoxv patient then, would I endure the smart
Of pitchy-countenanced Death's dead-doing dart

SONNET XXIV.

HEN leaden-h_e,a_rted sleep had shut mine eyes,
and close o erdravn their windowlets of light ;
\Vhose wateriness the tire of grief so dries,
that veep they could no longer, sleep they might !
Methought, I sank down to a pool of grief,
and then, methought, such sinking much did please me :
But when I, down was plunged past all relief;
with flood-filled mouth, I called that some would ease me !
Whereat, methought, I sav my dearest Love,
fearing my drowning, reach her hand to mine;
,Vho pulled so hard to get me up above,
that with the pull, sleep did forsake mine eyen.
But vhen awaked, I sav 'twas but a dream ;
I wished to have slept, and perished in that stream.

* 596.

SONNET XXV.

OuH storms have calms, lopt boughs do groxv again;
the naked Winter is reclothed by Spring ;
No year so dry but there doth fall some rain :
Nature is kind, save me, to everything.
Only my griefs do never end nor cease !
no ebb doth follow my still-flowing tears !
My sighs are storms, which never can appease
their furious blasts, procured by endless cares !
Then Sighs and Sobs tell TANTALUS, " he's blest !"
go fly to TTVS, tell him " he hath pleasure ! "
So tell IxoN " though his wheel ne'er test ;
his pains are sports, imposèd with some measure ! "
]3id them be patient ! bid them look on me,
And they shall see the Map of Misery.

SONNET XXVI.

HE love-hurt heart, wh,ich tyrant CUPID xvounds,
(proudly insulting o er his conquered prey)
Doth bleed afi'esh where pleasure most abounds :
for Mirth and Mourning always make a fray.
Look, as a bird sore bruisèd with a blow
(lately dividing notes most sweetly singing),
To hear ber fellows, how in tune.s they flow,
doth droop and pine, as though ber knell were ringing.
The heavy-thoughted prisoner, full of doubt,
dolefully sitting in a close-barred cage,
Is hall contented ; till he looketh out.
he sees each free : then storms he in a rage !
The sight of Pleasure trebleth every pain ;
As small brooks swell, and are enraged with rain.

10,. L[inche?]'] . 2" .E L .L .4
a596._]

SONNET XXVII.

HE heaven's herald may not make compare
of working words, which so abound in thee.
Thy honey-dewed tongue exceeds his far,
in sweet discourse and tuneful melody.
Th' amber-coloured tress which BERENICE
for her true-loving )THOLOMEUS, vowed
Within IDALEA'S sacred Aphrodrice,
is worthless, with thy locks to be allowed.
To thee, my thoughts are consecrate, dear Love!
my words and phrases bound to please thine ears
My looks are such, as any heart could more :
I still solicit thee with sighs and tears !
0 let hot hate eclipse thy beauty's shine !
Then none would deem thee earthly, but divine.

SONNET XXVIII.

]EARY with serving, where I naught get ;
c,ould
I thought to cross great IXTEPTUNE S greatest seas,
To lire in exile : but my drift was let
by cruel Fortune, spiteful of such ease.
The ship I had to pass in, was my Mind ;
greedy Desire was topsail of the saine,
My Tears were surges, Sighs did serve for wind,
of all my ship, Despair was chiefest frame ;
Sorrow was Master, Care, the cable tope ;
Grief was the mainmast, Love, the captain of if ;
He that did rule the helm was foolish Hope,
but Beauty was the rock that my ship split,
V¢hich since bath made such shipwreck of my Joy,
That still I swim in th' ocean of Annoy.

ÇR. L[inche
2o4 Z) I E .L .L A . L x596o
SONNET XXIX.
--[EASV., Eyes, to cherish with still flowing tears,
ll ff'i;ll the almost withered roots of dying grief!
--d]l Dry up your running brooks[ and data your meres!
and let my body die for moist relief[
But DF.A'rH is deaf! for well he knows my pain,
my slackless pain, hell's horror doth exceed.
There is no hell so black as her disdain ]
whence cares, sighs, sorrows, and ail griefs do breed.
Instead of sleep, when day incloistered is
in dusty prison of infernal night,
\¥ith broad-waked eyes, I wail my miseries ;
and if I wink, I fear some ugly sight,
Such fearful dreams do haunt my troubled mind:
My Love's the cause» 'cause She is so unkind.

SONNET XXX.
[IE TI-IA'r tan count the candles of the sky,
[1 reckon the sands whereon Pactolus flows,
l Or number numberless small atomie[s],
vhat strange and hideous monsters Nilus shows,
\¥hat mis-shaped beasts vast Africa doth yield,
what rare-formed fishes lire in the ocean,
\Vhat coloured flowers do grov in Tempe's field,
how many hours are since the world began :
Let him, none else, give judgement of my grief
let him declare the beauties of my Love [
And he will say my pains pass all relief:
and he will judge her for a Saint above !
But, as those things, there's no man can unfold
So, nor her Fair, nor my Grief may be told I

R.
L [inche ?'
I n L L A ";0 5
zsg6._[

SONNET XXXI.

AIR ivory Brow, the board Love banquets on !
sweet Lips of coral hue, but silken, softness !
] Fair Suns that sbine, when PI4OEBUS eyes are gone!
sweet Breath that breathes incomparable sweet-
ness !
Fait Cheeks of purest roses red and white !
sxveet Tongue containing sweeter thing than sweet !
O that my Muse could mount a lofty flight,
and were hot ail so forceless, and unmeet
To blaze tbe beauty of thy several shine,
And tell the sweetness of thy sundry taste !
Able of none but of the Muses nine,
to be arightly honourèd and graced.
ïhe first so fair, so bright, so purely precious !
The last so sweet, so balmy, so delicious !

SONNET XXXII.

HE last so sweet, so balmy, so delicious !
lips, breath, and tongue, xvhich I delight to
drink on :
The first so fait, so bright, so purely precious !
brow, eyes, and cheeks, which still I joy to
think on ;
But much more joy to gaze, and aye to look on.
those lily rounds which ceaseless hold their moving,
From xvhence my prisoned eyes would ne'er be gone;
which to such beauties are exceeding loving.
0 that I might but press their dainty swelling!
and thence depart, to which must noxv be hidden,
And which my crimson verse abstains from telling;
because by chaste ears, I ara so forbidden.
There, in the crystal-pavèd Vale of Pleasure,
Lies lockèd up, a world of richest treasure.

]-R. L [inche ?]
206 /9 I £ L L A . L is9.

SONNET XXXIII.

'II-IIIKIIG to close my over-watchèd eyes,
and stop the sluice of their uncessant flowing ;
I laid me down; when each one 'gan to fise:
new risen Sol his flame-like countenance shewin,.
But Grief, though drowsy ever, yet never sleeps ;
but still admits fresh intercourse of thou.ght :
Duly the passage of each hour he keeps,
nor would he surfer me with sleep be caught.
Some broken slumbers, MORPHEUS had lent
(who gleatly pitièd my want of rest) ;
\Vhereat my heart, a thousand thanks him sent :
and vowed, to serve him he %vas ready prest.
Let restless nights, days, hours do their spire ;
I'll love her still ! and Love for me shall fight !

SONNET XXXIV.
[]Hv should a Maiden's heart be of that proof
as to resist, the sharp-pointed dart of Love ?
My Mistress eye kills strongest man aloof;
methinks, he's weak, that cannot quail a Dove '.
A lovely Dove so fait and so divine,
able to make vhat cynic soe'er liveth,
Upon his knees, to beg of their bright eyen,
one smiling look, which life from death reviveth.
The frozen heart of cold ZEIOCRATES
had been dissolvèd into hot Desire,
Had PHIVNE cast such sunbeams fiom her eyes
(such eyesare cause tkat my heart flames in tire !) :
And yet with patience I must take my woe ;
In that my dearest Love will have it so.

R. L[inche?] . ./" ./ /-. /-..4 OEO 7
zSç6

SONNET XXXV

ND this enchantment, Love ! of my desires !
let me no longer languish for thy love !
Joy not, to see me thus consume in rires !
but let my cruel pains, thy hard heart more !
And now, at last, with pitiful regard,
eye me, thy lover! 'lorn for lack of thee !
Which, dying, lives in hope of sweet reward,
which hate hath hitherto withheld from me.
Constant have I been, still in Fancy fast,
ordained by heavens to doat upon my Fair,
Nor will I e'er, so long as lire shall last,
say any " 's fairer ! breathing vital air."
But when the ocean sands shall lie unwet ;
That shall my soul, to love thee, Dear ! forger !

SONNET XXXVI.

ONG did I wish, before I could attain
the looked-for sight, I so desired to see;
Too soon, at last I sav what bred my bane,
and ever since hath sore tormented me.
I saw Herself, whom had I never seen,
my wealth of bliss had not been turned to hale.
Greedy regard of Her, my heart's sole queen,
hath changed my summer's sun to winter's hall.
How oft have I, since that first fatal hour,
beheld her all-fair shape with begging eye,
Till She, unkind, hath killed me with a lower,
and bade my humble-suing looks look by.
0 pity me, fait Love ! and highest faine
Shall blazèd be, in honour of thy naine.

I-R. L [inche
208 D I E Z L
SONNET XXXYlI.
Ii I not love her as a loyer ought,
with purest zeal and faithfulness of heart
Then She had cause to set my love at naught,
and I had well deserved fo feel this smart!
But holding her so dearly as I do,
as a rare jexvel of most high esteem ;
She most unkindly wounds and kills me, so,
my ne'er-stained troth most causeless to misdeem
Never did one account of svoman more
than I of ber ! nor ever woman yet
Respected less, or held in lesser store
her lover's vows, than She by mine doth set
What resteth then ? but I despair and die
That so my death may glut her ruthless eye.

SONNET XXXVIII.
[Thls is a Preface to the following toern.]
EARKEN awhile, DIELLA! to a story
g[ that tells of Beauty, Love, and great Disdain !
---l The last, caused by suspect; but She xvas sorry
that took that cause, true love so much to pain.
For when She knmv his faith to be unfeigned,
spotless, sincere, most true and pure unto her ;
She joyed as if a kingdom She had gained ;
and loved him now, as when he tirst did woo her.
I ne'er incurred suspicion of my truth ;
fairest DIELLA! why wilt thou be cruel ?
Impose some end fo undeservèd ruth !
and learn by others, how to quench hate's fuel !
Read al1, my Dear ! but chiefly mark the end !
And be to me, as She to Him, a friend !

The love of Dom D :r a o ad

[The groundwork of this Poem was probably the " Discourse" at folios
234-274- of GEOFFREY FENTON's Cerlaite T'a,[ta J[$col#'$e$ guillt' o11¢
of French an,t Latin. London, 579- 4to.]

N CATALONIE o'erpeered by Pyren mountains
(a Province seated in the East of Spain,
Famous for hunting sports and clearest
fountains),
a young heroic Gallant did remain :
He, Signior Dom DIEGo had to naine,
Who for his constant faith had got such faine.

Nature had tried her deepest skill on him
(for so the Heaven-born Powers had her desired),
With such perfection framèd she each limb
that at her own work she herself admired.
Majestic JovE gave him a Princely grace :
APOLLO, wit ; and VEsus gave his face.

This lovesome youth, kind Nature's fairest child,
what for his beauteous love-alluring face,
And for he was so gracious and so mild,
was deemed of ail, to be of heavenly race :
Men honoured him, and maidens gave him love
To make him famous, men and maidens strove.
GAg. Vil. i4

2 IO Tttn Lot'n OF DoM DIEGO A:VD G]'NEb'R.4. [R. L[iche?],96.

Hunting he loved, nor did he scorn to love,
(a truer-loving heart was never known I)
Which well his Mistress cruelly did prove ;
whose causeless rigour, Faine abroad hath blown.
]3ut now let's tell, how he, on hunting went ;
And in what sports such pleasant time he spent.

Soon as the sun had left his vatery bed
(blushing for shame, that he so long had slept),
Reviving those, which dusky night ruade dead;
when for his welcome, lambs on mountains leapt :
Up starts DIEGO, and with shrill-voiced horn,
Tells hounds and huntsmen of a clear-faced morn.

Clothed ail in green, SYLVANUS' livery,
he vore a low-crowned hat of finest silk,
Whose brim turned up, was fastened vith a ruby,
and underneath, a pearl as white as milk ;
A sleeveless coat of damask, richly laced
With Indian pearl, as thick as could be placed.

A glistering cutlass pendent by his side
(he much esteemed that beast-dismembering blade);
And half-legged buskins curiously ytied
with loops of burnished gold full finely ruade :
Thus goes DIEGo, chiefest of his naine,
XVith silver-headed spear, to find some gaine.

Long while it was, ere any sport began ;
at last, a hart his big-grown horns did shew,
Which (winding, straight the huntsman) 'gan to run
As fast as arrow from a Parthian bow :
In whose pursuit, by will of powerful Fates,
DIEGO lost himself, and all his mates.

R. Lti.ch«.}-I TtlE Lot'E o Do.I DIEGO A«VD G Y»,'EUR.«. o I I
z596. j -

Left thus alone, in midst of unknown place,
he invocates the favourable aid
Of ARADNE, who, with smallest lace,
freed monster-killing THESEUS, SO dismayed :
In worser labyrinth, did he now remain;
For none save trees or beasts could hear him 'plain.

In these meanders, straggling here and there,
goes fair DIEGO, listening to each sound :
Musing 'txvixt purple hope and palish fear,
he thought to rest him, wearied, on the ground.
Iut see, he hears afar some forcèd noise ;
A horn ! a hound ! or else some human voice !

With that, desire (which scorns least tedious let)
directed him unto that very place;
\Vïaen lo, to hunt the timorous hare, were met
as Knights, so Ladies fittest for that chase :
'Mongst which, there came a Grace of heavenly fait,
Her name, " G'tEURA with the golden hair."

Her Hair of such coruscant glitterous shine,
as are the smallest streams of hottest sun.
Like stars in ffosty night, so look her Eyen,
within xvhose arches crystal springs do run.
Her Cheeks, fair shew of purest porphyry,
Full curiously were tipped with roseal die.

Her Lips like ripened cherries seemed to be,
from out whose concave coral-seeming fount,
Came sweeter I3reath than musk of Araby ;
whose Teeth, the white of blanched pearl surmount :
Her Neck, the lilies of Liguria
Did much excel. Thus looked fair GYNEUR»..

2 1 THE LOI'E Op DOM D[EGO AA'D GYNEURA. [R. Ltin«he-
s 596.

These Dryades, DIEGO then bespake
with sugared terms of mildest courtesy,
And craved to know vhich vay he best might take,
with shortest cut, to such a Signiory ;
\Vhereat he named himself: vhen presently
The ladies knew him, as a neighbour by.

GYNEURA'S mother, chief of ail the rest,
for that she knexv his birth and his descent,
Desired him home. He grants ber such request,
and thanks the Fates that him such hap hath lent :
For still on fair GYNEURA were his eyes ;
And she, reciprocally, on his replies.

These dumb ambassadors, Love's chief combatants,
tell (softly whispering in each other's heart)
Her, of humble service ; him, of acceptance :
His cravèd love ; hers wished they ne'er might part.
Much talk they had with tongues, more with their eyes;
But, O, most vith their hearts! where true love lies.

Now were they corne, where as the good old lady
might boldly welcome her invited guest,
\Vhere, after little talk (hunters are hungry ! )
they all sat down unto a soon-made feast :
The loyers fed on glances of their eyes.
'Tis heavenly food, when both do sympathize !

At last, the lady of the house espied
the intercourse of those bright messengers ;
\Vho, inwardly rejoicing, as fast plied
hers on her daughter, fittest harbingers !
To bid ber keep the fairest and the best
Place in ber heart, fo entertain this guest.

R L[inche?]-[ Tf[i Lovn OF Doat iO/xoo .4x,z GrOEux.. , 3
S96._]

Vqord back again was sent, by her fait light,
how that was done already ! and replied,
" The landlord o'er his tenant lath such might
that he to enter in, is ne'er denied.
I, in a little corner of my heart,
Do live," quoth she, " he hath the greatest part ! "

DIEGO wished this supper ne'er would end !
and yet, he longed to be in private place,
To ruminate upon his fairest friend,
and to recount the beauties of her face :
So vished G'IEURA ! Were never such two
That loved so dearly as these loyers do !

The gloomy curtains of the tongueless night
were dravn so close, as day could not be seen:
Now, leaden-thoughted I[ORPHEUS dims each sight !
now, murder, rapes, and robberies begin!
Nature craved rest : but restless Love would none !
DIEGO, Love's young prentice, thus 'gan moan :

" 0 heavens ! what new-found griefs possess my mind:
what rare impassionated fits be these !
Cold-burning fevers in my heart I find,
whose opposite effects vork me no ease.
Then Love assails the heart xvith hottest fight,
When Beauty makes her conquest at first sight."

" I little dreamèd of this strange event,
this heart's enthraller, mind's-disturbing Love,
When, with my huntsmen to the woods I went !
0 ne'er till now, did I his greatness prove,
Whose first impression in the lover's heart,
Till then ne'er tainted, bringeth deepest smart."

Thus lay DIEGO, tossing in his bed,
bound to the will of all-commanding 13eauty ;
\Vhom angry CuPII) now in triumph led,
expecting from his slave ail servile duty.
He might have freed lais prisoner so dismayed !
For sighs and groans had double ransom paid.

In like extremes (Love loves extremity !)
did fair GYNEURA pass the long-thought night ;
She railed against fell CUPID'S cruelty
that so would tyrannize o'er a maiden's sprite.
"There needs no blows," quoth she, " xvhen foes do yield !
O cease! take thou the honour of the field !"

The valiant Greeks, fait Ilion's fatal foes,
their tedious ten years' siege for Sparta's Queen,
Ne'er thought so long (yet long it was !) as those
love-scorched enamoured (so restless l) now ween
This night to be! A night, if spent in care,
Seems longer than a thousand pleasant are.

Thus lay they, sleepless, thoughtful, ever thinking
on sluggish humour of expected Morn,
They thought that lover's eyes were never winking !
nor sleep they e'er, in whom Love's newly born.
He vowed, when day was corne, to woo his Dear !
She swore, such wooing she vould gladly hear!

At last, the Guider of the fiery coach,
drying his locks, wet in Eurotas' flood,
'Gan re-salure the world with bright approach.
angry he seemed, for ail his face was blood ;
AURORA'S haste had ruade him look so red,
For loth he was, to leave fait THETIS' bed.

R. L[inche'] T2r]. E LOI..E O.F Do.][ Dmao 4WD G v''EvR4. 2 1 5
x596..]

Scarce were his horses put in readiness,
and he himself full mounted on his seat,
\Vhen Dom DIEGO, full of heaviness,
abroad did walk, his night-talk to repeat.
Some two hours spent, he in again retires ;
And sees his Mistress, whom he now admires.

Whereat inflamed (Love brooks no brief delay
whose fruit is danger, whose rewrd is pain),
Vith fine-filed terres, he gives her the " good day ! "
and blushing, she returns it him again.
ENDYMION'S blush, her beauty did eclipse ;
His caused, by C¢NTHIA'S ; hers, ADONIS'S lips.

13oldly encouraged by her mild aspect,
he told ber that which loyers choose fo tell ;
How he did lire by her fait eyes' reflect !
and how his heart, in midst of hers did dwell !
Much eloquence was used ('twas needless done !)
To win that heart, which was already won.

Ne'er did the dungeon thief, condemned to die,
with greater pleasure hear his pardon read,
Than did {YNEURA hear his oratory,
of force sufficient to revive the dead.
She needs must yield ! for, sure, he had the art,
\Vith amorous heat to fix DIANA'S heart !

These lovers, thus in this both-pleasing parley,
vere interrupted by GYNEURA'S mother,
Who, newly up (Age seldom riseth early !),
'gan straight salute her guest. So did he her.
Some terres of kindness mutually past,
She friendly leads him in, to break his fast.

Which done, as ail good manners did require,
he thanked his hostess for her courtesy;
And now, at length, went home for to retire
(where he was lookèd for so earnestly).
The Lady craved, if e'er he came that way,
"Fo see her house, and there to make some stay.

Then heavily, and with a dying eye,
joyless, he takes his leave of his fair Love :
Who for to favour him, full graciously
with loving countenance, gave to him her glove.
" Keep this," quoth she, " till better fortune rail :
My glove, my love, my hand, my heart, and all ! "

At this large offer, bashful modesty,
with pure vermilion stained her ail fair face,
(So looked CALYSaONE at her great belly
when chaste ILYTHIA spied her in such case.)
Let loyers judge ! how grievous 'tis to part
From two, 'twixt whom there liveth but one heart.

Now is he gone xvho, after little travel,
attained his house, not pleasing thought desired.
At vhose late absence each one much did marvel :
but, corne ; at his sad looks, they more admired,
Great CUIID'S poxver, such sadness in him bred;
Who, erst, ail loving hearts in triumph led.

One month, consumed in pensiveness, expired.
to recreate and revive his tired sprite ;
He now on hunting goes, which he desired
not for the, once well pleasing, sport's delight :
But for he might some fit occasion final
To seek his Love, on whom was ail his mind.

x596.J

Where being corne (suppose his sports proved bad !)
GYNEURA gave him welcome from ber heart.
The sea-tossed Lord of Ithaca ne'er had,
after his twenty years' turmoil and smart,
More joyful welcome by his constant wife,
Than had DIEGO from h;s Love ! his Life !

Two days he stayed, vhence he would ne'er depart,
but custom willed that he should now return.
Yet though he went, he left with her his heart ;
which for their parting, heavily 'gan mourn.
But far worse news had it (poor heart !) to grieve,
In that, GYNEURA would so soon believe.

For sooner vas he not departed thence,
but straight there comes a rival to his love ;
Who under true fidelity's pretence
wrought wondrous hard, DEGO to remove.
Nor could, at first, his oaths or vows prevail
To make GYNEVRA'S love one whit to fail.

For, yet, they lived fast bound in Fancy's chains,
striving to pass each other in pure love :
But as there's nothing that for aye remains
without some change ; so do these lovers prove
That hottest Love hath soon'st the cold'st Disdain;
And greatest pleasures have their greatest pain !

For, now, no longer could She so persèver.
She turns to deadly hate, her former kindness :
Which still had lasted, but that Nature ever
strikes into vomen's eyes, such dim-sight blindness ;
And such obdurate hardness in their hearts,
They see, nor know not truest love's deserts.

x596.

GYNEURA this confirms against ber lover,
whom now, ail guiltless, She condemns to die :
That, in his deed or thought, did ne'er offend her,
unless by loving her so vondrous dearly.
Such love, such hate, such liking, such disdain,
Was never known, in one heart to remain.

Thus 'twas. DIEGO had an enemy;
(immortal Virtue ever linkèd is
\Vith that pale lean-faced meagre-hued Envy)
who, secretly, so falsely, tells his Miss.
How she was mocked ! DIEGO loved another!
And stormed and raged, " What madness so should move
her

To dote on him, that elsewhere sets his love ? "
" He makes you think," quoth he, "whate'er he list !
That this is true, you easily may prove !
for still he wears her favour on his fist.
A hawk it is ! which she (so stands the Mart)
Gives him ! He, you fair words ; but her, his heart ! "

With this incensed (that sex will soon believe,
soonest xvhen Envy's brood to them display it),
" Is't true ? " quoth She, "for true love, doth he give
such smoothed-faced flattery! doth he thus repay it ? "
She never scanned the truth of this ber grief!
Love, in such cases, is of quick belief.

Her love to him was never half so great
(though once she loved him) as is now her hate!
This Molt5s breath, like bellows to her heat
did kindle fiery coals to hot debate.
He plies her, and exasperates his spite !
And swears and vows he "tells her but the right."

She, like a frantic Froe of Thessaly,
maddèd with BACCHUS' brain-distempering liquor,
Runs here and there, exclaiming furiously,
with hideous, uncouth, mind-affrighting terror ;
Swearing revenge on false DE6O'S head,
Whose lying looks, in her such madness bred.

Wherexvith she invocates great NEMESIS,
and begs the po,ver of her deity :
She tells ber case to justice-doing THEMIS,
and shews how she is wrongèd mightily.
She leaves no power unsought for or unprayed,
That use to help distressèd xvith their aid.

Wrongèd DIEGO, little this suspecting,
now thought it time, to see his dearest Fait;
And, other matters of import neglecting,
he presently to her makes his repair :
Where being corne, such welcome he did find
As, at the first, did much disturb his mind.

For fair GYIEURA xvould not nov be seen.
she sent him word, she scorned his fawning flattery!
And much did grieve that she so fond had been,
to yield ber heart to such deceitful battery.
" Bid him," quoth she, " go flatter where he list !
I like not, I ! that favour on his fist ! "

Such hap it vas, DIEGO then had brought
his haxvk, the author of this fell debate :
Which well confirmed her ever-doubtful thoughti
that now she vas resolved on deadly hate.
" Bid him," quoth she, " depart hence from my sight !
His loathsome presence brings me irksome spite."

'Twas hard ! that he, whose Iove vas never tainted,
whose sincere faith was kept invioIate ;
Nay, in whose face, ail truest love was painted :
should, for his spotless truth, be paid with hate.
He stone-astonied, like a deer at gaze,
Admired these speeches in a wondrous maze.

At last, he craved this favour he might have,
that She herself wouId hear what he could say.
" So Neptune's town," quoth She, " such license gave
to smooth-faced SINon! (Ilion's lost decay)
So Sirens sing, untiI they have their will ;
Some poor mistrustless passenger to kill !"

She vouId hOt hear him speak, O cruel She,
that causeless, thus would kill him with disdain !
He swears he's guiItIess ! vows innocency !
and in such vows, tears down his cheeks did rain !
Those cheeks, which stain the blushing of the Morn,
GYNEURA, now, most hatefully doth scorn.

'Tis strange, that Maids shouId e'er be so abused,
to credit each malicious-tonguèd slave ;
And to condemn a man, if once accused,
before, or proof, or trial, he may have !
Too many such there be : woe's me therefore !
Such Iight credulity, I must deplore.

\Vhen sighs, salt tears, and vows could do no good;
nor sighs, nor tears, nor vows could pierce ber heart !
(In which Disdain, triumphant victor stood,
holding in either hand a sable dart ;
\Vherewith he strikes True Love and StainIess Truth,
Condemning them unto eternaI ruth)

. Li,,«h«:I-1 THE Lo'E oF Do« DinGo aVD G'x«va. 22 I
596._l

Home goes DIEGO, vith a cheerless face ;
whose steps were led by leaden-footed Grief
(Who never goes but with a dead-slow pace,
until he find some ease, or some relief).
'Twould melt a marble heart to see that man,
Erst fresh as a new-blown rose, so ashy wan.

Where being come, he straight, for four days' space,
locks him in his chamber ; and there did pour
Huge shovers of crystal tain adown his face
(for, sure, he loved her dearly at this hour ! ).
Ail overwhelmed in waves of sea-salt tears,
Some fatal shipwreck of his life he fears.

Wherewith, he calls for paper, pen, and ink :
and for his hawk; vhich presently he killed.
" Die thou ! " quoth he, " so shall my Love ne'er think
that, for thy sake, fo any else I yield ! "
And plucking off her head, straightway he writes,
\Vho, sending it as token, thus indites.

" Lo, here, thou cruel Fair! that gracious favour !
the ensign, as thou saidst, of my untruth !
I3ehold in what high-prized esteem, I have her
that gave me it (the cause of all my ruth) !
Look, as this hawk, fair Love ! so is my heart !
Mangled and torn, 'cause Thou so cruel art! "

" I svear to thee, by all the rites of love !
by heaven's fair head ! by earth ! and black-faced hell!
I ne'er meant other love but thine to prove !
nor, in my heart, that any else should dwell !
Let this suffice, my Joy ! my Dear ! my Chief !
My griefs are too too long, though letter brief."

'Twas time to end ! for floods gushed out amain,
out came the springtide of his brinish tears,
\Vhich whatsoe'er he wrote blot out again,
All blubbered so to send it scarce he dares ;
And yet he did. " Go thou," quoth he untoher,
"And for thy Master, 'treat ! solicit ! woo her ! "

"And pray thee, if thy fortune be so good
as to be viewed by sunshine of her eyes,
I3id her take heed in spilling guiltless blood !
tell her there's danger in such cruelties ! "
\Vith this, he gave it to the messenger,
\Vho, making speed, in short rime, brought it her.

She, when She heard from whom the letter came,
returns it back again, and straight replied,
" My friend ! " quoth She, " hadst thou hOt told his naine,
perhaps thy letter had not been denied."
Vhereat She paused, "but yet l'Il see," quoth She,
"Vith what persuading, terres, he flatters me ! "

'Tvas quickly read (God knows it was but short l)
Grief would not let the writer tedious be,
Nor would it surfer him fit words to sort,
but pen it, chaos like, confusedly :
Yet had it Passion to have turned hard stones
To liquid moisture ! if they heard his moans.

But cruel She, more hard than any flint,
worse than a tigress of Hyrcania,
Would not be moved ! nor could his lines take print
in her hard heart ! So cruel was (YNEURA!
She which once loved him dearly (too too well !),
Now hates him more than any tongue can tell !

Off" Do]z r D¢ao I2VD G Yv.ul.4, 2 3

0 Nature ! chiefest mother of us ail !
why did you give such apt believing hearts
To womenkind, that thus poor men enthrall,
and wili hot duly weigh true love's deserts ?
0 had their hearts been like unto their face;
They, sure, had been of some celestial race !

8he, pitiless, sends back to Dom DIEGO,
and says, " His vords cannot enchant her heart !
ULYSSES like, She will hot hear CALYpSO,
nor lend ber ears to such enticing art !
Bid him," quoth She, " from henceforth, cease to write !
Tell him, his letters aggravate my spite ! "

Full heavy news it was, to stainless love !
to him that had enshrined her in his thought !
And in his heart, had honoured her above
the world ! To whom, all else save her seemed nougbt.
Nay, unto him, whose person, wit, and fair
Might surely with the best make just compare.

But, blinded as She was, She 'steems him hot,
Hate and Disdain do never brook respect.
She did hot know that Beauty's foulest blot
consisted in true-loving-heart's neglect.
No, She, more stubborn than the North-east wind,
Would hot adroit such knowledge in her mind.

Let those who, guiltless, have felt Disdain ;
whose faithful Love hath been repaid with Hate,
Give rightful judgement of DIEGO'S pain !
who bought his favours at the highest rate.
This news such pleasure, in his soul had bred,
As hath the thief that hears his judgement read.

4 T Lor'« o Dot D«o AND GYW£IJRA,E R"

After some time, he writes again unto her,
he could not think She would persèver so ;
But when he saw her answer, like the other,
he then surceased to send her any mo[r]e ;
But did resolve to seek some uncouth place,
Where he might, unfound out, bewail his case.

Thinking, indeed, She, by his absence might
at length intenerate her flintful heart,
And metamorphose her conceivèd spite
into true love, regardant of his smart.
He seeks all means, poor loyer ! how to gain
His rigorous Lady from such fell disdain.

At last, he calls to mind the Pyren mountains,
those far-famed voody hills of wealthy Spain ;
Which for wild beasts and silver-visaged fountains,
hath got the praise of ail that there remain.
Hither posts Dom DIE6O, fraught with grief,
Hoping those woods would yield him some relief.

Where being corne, all pilgrim-like attired,
he pries about to see if he could find
Some house-like cave ; for rest he much desired,
his body now was weary as his mind.
" 0 gods ! " quoth he, " if Youth find such distress,
What hope have I, of future happiness ? "

With that, he sees a rock, made like a cabin,
ail tapestried with Nature's mossy green,
\Vrought in a frizzled guise, as it had been
ruade for NAP,A, mountains' chiefest Queen :
At mouth of which, grew cedars, pines, and firs ;
And at the top, grew maple, yew, and poplars.

I< Lti,ehe?l] TttE LOVE OF Do.I DIEGO AND GY'EURA. 20- 5
x596.J

"So, here !" quoth he, " I'II rest my vearied body !
In thee, deiightful place of Nature's building,
Will I erect a grief-framed monastery;
where, night and day, my prayers I'll ne'er cease yielding
To thee, my Dear ! No other Saint I bave.
O lend thine ears to him, that lais heart gave [ "

Two days xvere spent in this so pleasant seat
(this stone-built Palace of the King CONTENT)
/3efore DIEGO tasted any meat,
or once did drink, more than lais eyes had lent.
O irresisted force of purest Love [
XVhom pains, thirst, hunger can no whit remove.

8ometimes when as he scans ber Cruelty ;
and feels his pains, like HçIm«'s head, increasing,
He wished the Scythian Anthropophagi
did haunt these woods! that live by man's flesh eating.
Or else the Thracian Bossi ! so renowned
Fe cruel murdering vhom, in woods they found.

That so, the Gordian knot of his pain
(indissoluble e'en vhiles he did live)
Might be untied ! when as his heart was slain,
when he (0 restful time !) should cease to grieve.
But yet, the Sisters kept lais vital breath :
They would not let him die so base a death.

Some other times, when as he weighs her Beauty,
her VENUS-staining face, so vondrous fair ;
He then doth think, to wail 'tis but his duty
sith caused by her, that is without compare.
And, in this mood, unto high JovE he prays;
And praying so, he thus unto him says
.F«VG. G,dR. Vil.

" Great Governor of wheel-resembling heaven !
command thy under-Princes to maintain
Those heavenly parts, xvhich to my Love they've given !
0 let her ne'er feel death, or death's fell pain !
And, first, upon thy Sister, lay thy mace;
]3id her maintain my Love's majestic Grace !"

" Injoi.n the strange-born motherless MINERVA,
and her, fo whom the foamy sea was mother,
Still to uphold their gifts in my GYNEURA !
Let \Vit and ]3eauty live united with ber!
\Vith sweet-mouthed PYTHO, I may hOt suspense ;
Great goddess ! still increase ber Eloquence ! "

"Thou, musical APOLLO, gav'st her hand !
and thou, her feet, great sun-god's dearest Love
To such your rare-known gifts all gracious stand.
and now, at last, do I crave, great JovE !
That, when they die (perhaps, they die above !) ;
Thou wilt bequeath these gifts unto my Love ! "

On every neiv, hbour tree, on every stone
(he durst not far range from his secure cave)
\Vould he cut out the Cause of all his moan ;
and curiously, vith greatest skill engrave.
There needed no LroTiUS his Art !
Grief carveth deepest, if it corne from th' heart.

\Vhen some stone would not impression take,
he straight compares it to his Mistress's heart.
" But stay," quoth he, "my working tears shall make
thee penetrable, with the least-skilled Art,
0 had my tears such force to pierce her mind !
Those sorrows I should lose, and new joys find."

R. L[inche?]- 1 TtI.E LoE o1 Do,t D,mco A.vz Grws«x,1. ""7
596-_J -

" Thou ever-rnernorable stone," quoth he,
" tell those xvhom Fate or fortune here shall lead,
How dearly I have loved the cruell'st She
that ever Nature, or the xvorld hath bred !
Tell thern, her hate and her disdain were causeless !
O leave not out to tell, how I was guiltless ! "

Whereat, the very stone would seern to weep,
whose wrinkled face would be besmeared with tears,
" O man, whate'er thou be, thy sorrovs keep
unto thyself !" quoth he, " l'Il hear no cares !
Tell thern that tare hot, tell GX'IEUR,t of thee !
\Ve stones are ruthful, and thy plaints have pierced rne ! "

With this, he seeks a russet-coatèd tree,
and straight disclothes him [it] of lais long-worn weed ;
And whilst he thus disrobes him busily,
he felt lais half-dead heart afresh fo bleed :
Grieving that he should use such cruelty,
To turn hirn naked fo lais foe, wind's fury.

But nmv uncased, he 'gins to carve his cares,
his Passions, his constant-living Love,
\Vhen, 1o, there gushes out clear sap-like tears,
which, to get forth from prison, mainly strove.
" Since Pity dwells," quoth he, " in trees and stone ;
Thern will I love !

" Yet needs I must confess, thou once didst love me !
thy love vas hotter than the Nirnphoeum hill ;
But now, when tirne affords me rneans to prove thee,
thy love, than Caucasus is more cold and chill !
And in thy cold, like Ethiopian hue,
Thou art not to be changed frorn false to true! "

" 0 look, fair Love ! as in the springing plant,
one branch entwines and grovs within another,
So grow my griefs ! which makes my heart to pant
when thick-fetched sighs my vital breath doth smother.
I, spoiled by Cruelty, am adjudged fo death,
Thus ail alone fo yield my living breath."

" Thou hast the fairest face that e'er was seen
but in thy breast (that alabaster rock !)
Thou hast a fouler heart ! Disdain hath been
accounted blacker than the chimney's stock.
0 purify thy soul, my dearest Love !
Dislodge thy hate, and thy disdain remove ! "

" But, all in vain, I speak unto the wind!
then should they carry these my plaints unto her;
Methinks, thou still shouldst bear a gentle mind,
' dear-loving ZEPHYR ! pray, intreat, and woo her !
Tell her, 'twere pity I should die alone
Here in these woods, where none can hear me moan.'"

" But 'ris no matter, She is pitiless !
like the Sicilian stone, that more 'ris beat
Doth vax the harder. Stones are hot so ruthless
which smallest drops do pierce, though ne'er so great.
If seas of tears would wear into her heart ;
I had, ere this, been easèd of my grief!"

Thus, in these speeches, would DIEGO sit,
bathing his silver cheeks with trickling tears ;
"Vhich, often running down, at last found fit
channels to send them to their standing meres.
"Vho, at his feet (before his feet there stood
A pool of tears) received the smaller flood.

R. L[inche?]- I "_]HIE Lo'e o" Do,v D.e«o /Ni) Gr'vevx,. 229
1596._[

Ne'er had the vorld a truer loving heart !
Abydos cease to speak of constant love !
For, sure, thou, Signior Dom DIEGO ! art
the only man that e'er Hate's force did prove !
Thy changeless love hath close enrolled thy naine
In steel-leaved ]3ook of ever-living Faine.

That wide-mouthed Time, vhich swallovs good deserts,
shall shut his jaws, and ne'er devour thy naine !
Thou shalt be crowned with bays by loving hearts,
and dwell in Temple of eternal Faine !
There, is a sacred place reserved for thee!
There, thou shalt lire with perpetuity !

So long lived poor DIEGO in this case,
that, at the length, he waxèd somevhat bold
To search the wood, where he might safely chase
(necessity, thy force cannot be told !)
The fearful hare, the coney, and the kid:
Time ruade him know the places xvhere they bid.

This young-yeared hermit, one day among the rest,
as he was busily providing meat,
Which was, with Nature's cunning, almost dresst
dried vith the sun, now ready to be eat' :
Enraged upon a sudden ; throws away
ttis hard-got food, and thus began to say :

" 0 cruel stars, stepmothers of my good !
and you, you ruthless Fates ! what mean you thus
So greedily to thirst for my heart's blood ?
why joy you so, in ununiting us ?
Great Powers, infuse some pity in her heart,
That thus hath, causeless, caused in me this smart !"

230 TttE LoY£ OF Do3I DI£GO AWD GI'SVEURA.[ R" L[ineh«?l
x596.

" I ne'er was wont to use such cookery,
to drudge and toil when peasants take their pleasure ;
My noble birth scorns base-born slavery,
this easeless lire hath neither end nor measure.
Thou great SOSlPOLIS, look upon my state !
Be of these ne'er-heard griefs compassionate !"

" I feel my Iong-thought lire begin to melt
as doth the snov 'gainst midday heat of sun !
Fair Love ! thy rigour I have too much felt !
O, at the last, with cruelty bave done!
If tears, thy stony heart could mollify ;
My brinish springs should flow eternally !"

"Sweet Love, behold those pale cheeks vashed in voe !
that so my tears may as a mirror be ;
Thine own fair shadow lively for to show
and portrait forth thy angel-huèd beauty.
NARclSsus-like then, shouldst thou my face kiss,
More honey sweet than VENUS gave ABogls."

Fear hot, GYNEURA ! fair NARCISSUS' hap,
thy neck, thy breast, thy hand is lily-white,
They all are lilies fa'en from FLORA' lap :
ne'er be thou changed, unless to Love, from Spite !
that thou wert but then transformèd so,
My summer's bliss would change my winter's woe."

" If thou didst know, in what a loathsome place,
I spend my days, sad and disconsolate,
What foggy Stygian mists hang o'er my face,
thou wouldst exile this thy conceivèd hate.
This hemisphere is dark; for Sol him shrouds !
My sighs do so conglomerate the clouds."

596._1

" I told thee, I, tbou Cruel too severe !
when Hate first 'gan to fise, how I was guiltless !
Thine ears were deaf, thou wouldst not hearken ere!
thy heart vas hardened, rocky, pitiless !
O had mine eyes been blind, when first they viewed thee! "
\Vould God I had been tongueless, when I sued thee !"

"Dut thou vast then as ready to receive
as I to crave. O great inconstancy!
O 'twas that fatal hour did so bereave
my blissful soul of all tranquility !
Thou then didst bmn in love, nov freeze in hate,
Yet, pity me ! sweet Mercy ne'er cornes late ! "

" Look, as the crazen tops of armless trees,
or latest downfall of some av, èd buildings,
Do tell thee of the North wind's boisterous furies,
and how that EoLtS lately hath been stirring :
So in my thin-cheeked face, thou well mayst see
The furious storm of thy black cruelty ! "

" But thou inexorable art, ne'er to be won !
though lions, bears, and tigers have been tamed ;
Thy wood-born rigour never will be done
which thinks for this, thou ever shalt be famed.
True, so thou shalt ! but famed in infamy
Is worse than living in obscurity."

" If thou didst know, how grievous 'ris to me
to live in this unhabited abode,
Where none, but Sorrov, keeps me company :
I know thou wouldst thy heart's hate then unload !
O, I did ne'er deserve this misery !
For to deny the truth were heresy."

.... ,:,rr,, ]-R. L[inche ?|

" I tell thee, Love ! when secret-tonguèd night
purs on her misty sable-coloured veil,
My wrangling \Voes within themselves do fight !
they murder Hope! which makes their Captain xvail ;
And wailing so, can never take his test,
That keeps such unruled soldiers in his breast."

"So xvhen the clear night's-faults-disclosing day
peeps forth ber purple head, from out the East ;
These Woes, my soldiers, cry out for their pay :
and if denied, they stab me with unrest !
My tears are pay ; but ail my tears are dried,
Therefore I must, their fatal blows abide."

In these laments, did Dom DIEGo live
long time ; till, at the last, by powerful Fate,
A wandering huntsman, ignorance did drive
unto the place xvhence he returned but late :
Who viewing svell the print of human steps,
Directly follosved them, and for joy leaps.

At last, he came unto DIEGO's cave
in xvhich he saw a savage man, he thought,
Who much did look like the Danubian slave,
such deep-worn furrows in lais face were wrought.
DIEGO, much abashèd at this sight,
Came running forth, him in his arms to plight.

For glad he was, God knows ! to see a man,
who, wretch ! in two years' space, did ne'er see any.
uch gladness, joy, such mirth, such triumph can
hot be set doxvn : suppose them, to be many !
But see, long had they hot conferred together ;
But, happy time ! each one did know the other.

x96.J

With that, DIEGO shows him ail his love,
his penance ;her first love, and now her hate.
But he requested him hence to remove,
and, at his house, the rest he should dilate :
Which he denied ; only he now doth write,
By this his friend, unto his Heart's Delight :

" Dear Love ! " quoth he, "when shall I home return ?
when will the coals of hate be quenched with love ?
Which now in raging flames my heart do burn.
O, when wilt thou, this my disdain remove ?
Ask of this bearer ! be inquisitive,
And he will tell thee, in what case I lire!"

" Inquire of her, whose hawk hath caused this voe,
if for that favour, ever I did love her.
And she will curse me, that did use her so !
and she will tell thee, how I loved another.
'Twas thee, GYNEURA! 'twas thy fairest self!
I held thee, as a pearl ; her, drossy pelf! "

" Then, when thou hast found out the naked truth ;
think of thy DIEGO, and his hard hap !
Let it procure of thee some moving ruth,
that thou hast, causeless, cast him from thy lap !
Farewell, my Dear! I hope this shall suffice
To add a period to thy cruelties."

The messenger (to spur forth her desires,
and hasten her unto his well-loved friend)
Tells her, how he lies languishing in rires
of burning griefs vhich never will have end :
I3ids her to fly to him, with wings of zeal !
And thus DIEGO'S pains, he doth reveal.

"0 adamantic-minded Maid," quoth he,
" why linger you in this ambiguous thought ?
Open thine eyes, no longer blinded be !
those wounding looks, thy Loyer dear hath bought !
Unbolt thy heart's strong gare of hardest steel !
0 let him now the warmth of pity feel ! "

" 0 let him nmv the varmth of pity feel,
that long hath knocked cold-starven at thy door !
Wanting Love's food, he here and there doth reel
like to a storm-tossed ship, that's far from shore.
Feed him with love, that long bath fed on cares !
Be anchor to his soul, tha swims in tears ! "

" GYNEUI1A ! let him harbour in thy heart !
rig and amend his trouble-beaten face !
0 calm thy hate, whose winds have raised his smart !
see him not perish in this woful case !
And for in sea-salt tears, he long hath lived ;
Let him, by thy fresh water be relieved ! "

" 0 shall I tell thee, how I round him there,
his house wherein he live (if live he did,
Or rather spend his time in dying fear)
was built within the ground, all darksome hid
From PHOEmJs' light, so ugly hell-like cave,
In all the world again you cannot bave !"

"AI1 made of rugged hard-favoured stones,
whose churlish looks afford the eye no pleasure :
In whose concavity, winds breathed hoarse groans ;
to which sad music, Sorrow danced a measure.
O'ergrown it was, with mighty shadeful trees;
Where poor DIEGO, sun nor moon ne'er sees."

x596.J

" To tbis black place, repairèd every morn
the fair OREADES, pity-movèd girls,
Bringing to poor DIEGO S0 forlorn
moss to dr)r up his tears, those liquid pearls.
Full loth they were to lose such crystal springs,
Therefore this sponge-like moss, each of them brings."

"' Here, dry,' say they, ' thou love-forsaken man !
those glassy conduits, vhich do never cease,
On the soft-feeling weed ! and, if you can,
We ail intreat, your griefs you would appease !
Else wilt thou make us pine in griefful woe,
That ne'er knew care, or love, or friend, or foe ! '"

" Straight, like a shooting comet in the air,
avay depart these sorrov-piercèd Maids !
Leaving DIE6O in a deep despair,
who now, his fortune, now, his fate upbraids.
' 0 heavens,' quoth he, ' hov happy are these trees,
That knov not love, nor feel his miseries.' "

" Melts hot thy heart, GYNEURA ! at his cares !
are not thy bright transparent eyes yet blind
With monstrous deluge of o'erflowing tears ?
remains there yet disdains within thy mind ?
Disgorge thy hate ! 0 hate him hot, that loves thee ;
Maids are more mild than men; yet pity moves me !

"Break, break in pieces that delicious chest !
whiter than snow on Hyperboreal hill.
Chase out Disdain, deprive him of his rest ;
murder and mangle him, that rules thy will !
13e it ne'er said, that fair GYtJEURA'S beauty,
Was overpeised by causeless cruelty ! "

" Cruel to him that merits courtesy !
loathèd of thee, that doth deserve ail love !
Basely rejected, scorned most churlishly,
that honours thee above the saints above !
True Love is pliceless, rare, and therefore deal'.
\Ve feast not royal kings with homely cheer !"

" Too long it »vere, to tell thee all his merits ;
for in delay consists lais long-looked death.
Post baste of thine must, nov, revive his spirits
or shortly he will gasp his latest breath !
Speak, fair GYNEURA ! speak, as I desire !
Or let thy vain-breathed speeches back retire

Look, as a man late taken from a trance,
stands gazing here and there, in senceless wise ;
Not able of himself his head t'advance ;
but standeth like a stone, in death-like guise :
So looked GI'NEURA, hanging down her head,
Shaming that Folly, her so much had led.

Repentant sorrow would not let her speak,
the burning flames of grief did dry her tears;
Yet, at the last, words out of prison brake,
that longed fo utter her heart's inward cares :
And stealingly there glides with heavy pace
A rivulet of pearl along her face.

"0 cease," quoth She, "to wound me any more,
with oft repeating of my cruelties !
Tb.ou of thy tears, kind man [ hath shed great store ;
when I, unkinder maid ! scarce wet mine e)'es !
0 let me now bewail him once for all!
'Twas none but I, that caused his causeless thrali ! "

x596._[ -

" Eternal JovE, rain showers of vengeance on me !
plague me, for this black deed of wrongful hate !
]3e blind mine eyes! they shall not look upon thee,
DIE6O ! till thou be compassionate !
And when thou dost forgive what I have done,
Then shall they shine like shortest-shaded sun !"

"0 slack thy swift-paced gallop, wingèd Time !
turn back, and register this my Disdain !
13id poets sing my hate in ruthful rhyme !
and pen sad Iliads of DIE6O'S pain !
Let them be writ in plain-seen lines of glass,
To shew how loving, he ; I, cruel was ! "

Hereat she paused. " Tell me, sweet Sir ! " quoth She,
"how I might see my dear-embosomed friend ?
That now (if what is past may pardoned be)
unto his griefs, I may impose an end !"
\Vherewith, they both agreed that, the next day..
They would enjourney them without more stay.

Long were they hot ! (" Desire still goes on ice
and ne'er can stay till that he hath his wish."
Men's villing minds each thing doth soon entice
to baste to that, which they would fain accomplish.)
]3ut that they came, as having a good guide,
Unto the place where they, DIEGO spied.

Sacred IYMPL¢EIDES endip my quill
within the holy waters of your spring !
Infuse into my brain some of your skill !
that joyfully of these, I now may sing,
These loyers now, 'twixt whom late dvelt annoy,
Swimming in seas of overwhelming joy.

But, pardon me, you Dames of Helicon !
for thus invoking your divinest aid,
Which was by me (unworthy) called upon
at your rare knowledge, I am much dismayel.
My barren-witted brains are all too base
To be your sacred Learning's resting-place

Thus of themselves, in pleasure's ecstasy,
these loyers now embrace them in their arms.
Speechless they are ! eye counterfixed on eye !
like tvo that are conjured by magie charms.
So close their arms were twined, so near they came,
As if both man and woman were one frame.

In the end, as doth a current lately stayed,
rush mainly forth his long-imprisoned flood,
So brake out words ! and thus DEO said ;
" What, my G''NEçRh ! 0 my heart's chier goocl !
Is't possible that thou thyself shouldst deign
In seeing me, to take so wondrous pain ? "

" O, speak not of my pain, my dearest Love !
all pain is pleasure that I take for thee ;
Thou that so loyal and so true dost prove,
might'st scorn me now, so credulous to be !
Then, sweet DEaO, let us noxv return,
And banish all things that might make us mourn ! "

'Twere infinite, to tell of their great gladness,
their amorous greetings, and their souls' delight !
DE6O, nmv, had exiled grief and sadness,
ravished with joy whilst he enjoyed her sight.
Let it suffice, they homeward now retire :
Which sudden chance, both men and maids admire.

xS96..]

GYNEURA now delights but in his presence,
she cannot once endure him from her sight ;
His loveful face is now her soul's sole essence,
and on his face, she doats both day and night.
She ne'er did once disdain him half so much
As now she honours him ; Love's force is such.

DIEGO now wrapped in a world of pleasure,
unparadised in having his desire ;
Floating in seas of joy above ail measure,
sought means to mitigate Love's burning tire :
Who walkmg with his Love alone, one day,
Discharged his mind, and thus began to say :

" 0 fair GYNEURA ! hov long will 't be
ere saffron-robèd HYMEN do unite us ?
My soul doth long that happy hour to see,
0 let the angry Fates no longer spire us !
Lingering delays wfll tear my grievèd heart !
Let me no longer feel so painful smart ! "

GYNEURA vhich desired it as her life,
tells him that pain shall shortly have a cure.
" Shortly," quoth She, " l'Il be thy married wife,
tied in those chains which ever will endure !
Be patient then, and thou shalt plainly see,
In working it, how forward I v«ill be !"

And so She was. No time did she mispend,
wherein she gets hot things in readiness,
That might to HYMEN'S rites full fitly tend,
or once conduce to such their happiness.
AI1 things prepared : these Loyers now are chained
In marriage bands; in xvhich they long remained.

These, whilst they lived, did live in all content,
contending who should love each other most;
To which Pure Love, proud Faine, her ears down lent
and through the world, of it doth highly boast.
O happy he ! to whom Love cornes at last,
That will restore what Hate before did waste.

{ Then, dearest Love ! Gyncuri:e af the last ! [
A nd I shall soon forger whate'er is past. J

.D J$OZV, Farewdl ! whcn I shall fare but ill !
I flourish and joy, when I shall drool and languish
t All lenteous good await uo tl will
when extrcme want shall brh,g my soul, death's anguish .
Forum by thee, thou mercy-wanting MaM !
must I abandon this native soil ;
Hoping my sorrow's heat shall be allayed
by A bsence, Time, Necessity, or Toil.
So now, adieu ! the winds call my deart l
Thy Bemty's excellence, my rudest quill
Shall never more unto lhe world imart !
so that if know they Hate ! I have nO' will.
And when thou hear'st that I, for thee shall #erish ;
Be sorrowful and henceforth, True Love cherish

FINIS.

Poco senno basta a cki Fortuna .uona.

[The Sixth and Seventh volumes of this Series are deslgned, among other
things, to give a large and just insight into the Life and Literature of the
Age of Queen ANNE. Thus in the Sixth volume, will be found, SWlVT'S
Controversy with J. PARTRIDGE, the Astrologer at//9. 469--5o2 ; GAV's
Present State of IVit, at/. 503 ; TICKELL's Lire of OSEPIt zlDDISO2V
at ab. 53 ; the fullest, and indeed the only account STEELE ever gave
of ADDISON's share in the Literary serial Half-Sheets of which he was
the Editor, at ,. 523; and /kRBUTHNOT'S Law is a lolloml«ss Pi/,
at/9. 537.
So here, are subjoined a series of friendly testimonies, stretching over
hall a century, from 669 to 17 !.3, as to the heart-rending indignities offered
to the Clergy (whether in the capacity of the parson of the parish, or that
of a domestic chaplain) by those who listened to their ministrations or
kept them in their houses ; and who were, besides,politicaily bound up with
them, as a class, in the nation.
Finally, st the end of this volume, will be found a number of pieces by
I)AN1E DEFOE, giving lnuch information rclating to thc Dissenting side
of the Life and Thought of that reign.
Every one of these pieces is thoroughly slgnificant ; and so far as it
goes, can be relied upon as giving a true impression of the "fime.
The History of the Age of Queen AlêNE has )'et to be written. No
period of England's Story is so complicated ; or more full of incident, of
cross currents, of abortive attempts, and of double-double dealing.
But standing out amidst it ail, is the Political Power of the Clerffy', and
of their great cry "The Church is in danger !" It requires a lively exer-
cise of the imagination to realize, that the Clergy, thus politically dominant,
could possibly be looked upon, for the most part, as the Helots of Society ;
that even so early as 1669, they were

Accounted by many, the Dross and Refuse of the nation.
Men think it a stain to their blood to place their sons in that
function ; and women are ashamed to marry with any of
them .... Also that, of ail the Christian Clergy of Europe,
whether Romish, Lutheran, or Calvinistic, none are so little
respected, beIoved, obeyed, or rewarded, as the present pious,
learned, loyal Clergy of England ; even by those vho have
always professed themselves of that Communion. [P. 244.]

On the other hand, the hunted and persecuted Nonconfonnist Ministers
were held in the highest veneration by those who sympathized with them.
Matters had corne, indeed, to a very different state of things, since
GEORGE HERBERT's Coltll[ly Parson had appeared in 163L

t3esides this general object, these pieces give a kind ofbackground to
the life of JONATHAN SWlFT. He, with his eyes wide open, entered a

242

Profession thus ]oaded with indi;ities. Surely, much of his character
and habits may be looked upon as a Sturdy Revolt against social sur-
roundings that vere as irreligious as they vere degrading.
We know he must bave read Dr. EAcHARD'S book and the Cntroversy
to which it gave rise, early in lire, from the following remarks in his
ApoloAv prefaced to the Fourth Edition of the Tale of a Tub, i 7 io : and one
cannot but see that the Enquiry into The Gromlds and Occasiots of t/te
Conl«m;btofllte Clerxy, 'c., must bave largely affected both his character
and style. For he ead it inversely. He was just the opposite, in every
way, of what Dr. EACHARD says the bulk of the Clergy, in his time,
wel'e.
WIFT's remarks are :
The Apology being chiefly intended for the satisfaction of
future readers, it may be thought unnecessary to take any
notice of such treatises as bave been writ[ten] against this
ensuing Discourse; which are already sunk into waste
paper and oblivion : after the usualfate ot common Answerers
to books which are allowed to bave any merit. They are
indeed like annuals that groxv about a young tree, and seem
to vie with it for a summer ; but rail and die with the leaves
in autumn, and are never heard of any more.
When Dr. EACHARD v«rit his book about the Contem;ht of the
Cley, numbers of those Answerers immediately started up :
whose memory, if he had not kept alive by his Replies, it
would now [7o] be utterly unknown that he were ever
answered at all.
It may be necessary to observe, that ri'oto the subsequent Controversy it
would appear, that at least some of the specimens of serinons adduced
by Dr. EACHARD, are hot precise quotations : but are witty aggravations
and exaggerations of things said in a much more dull and common
way.
This sequence of pieces on the Social Contempt of the Clergy is as
follows :

669 E. CHAMBERLAYNE. Extract from At.lie A'otitia ...... /9. 243
I67 o T. B. [Rev. . EACHARD, D.D.] The Grounds and Occasions
of the Conemybt of lire Clergy and leligion enquD'ed inlo... #. 245
I7IO I. ]ICKERSTAFF lA'. STEELE]. A Paper from the Taller with
some lines by J. OLDHAbl ............... .- 317
73 N. IROISlDE [R. SZZg]. A Paper from the Guardian b. 322]

e43

E D W A R D C H A MBERLA Y N E.

social position of the English Estab-
lisAecl C/ergy, in 1669,

[Mnllce «Voiia., or the Present State of England. xst Ed. x669. ]
T PRESENT, the revenues of the English Clergy are
generally very small and insufficient: above a
third of the best benefic,es of England, having
been anciently, by the Pope s grant, appropriated to
monasteries, were on their dissolution, ruade Lay
fccs; besides what hath been taken by secret and indirect
means, through corrupt compositions and compacts and
customs in many other parishes. And also many estates
being wholly exempt from paying tithes, as the lands that
belonged to the Cistercian Monks, and to the Knights
Templars and Hospitaliers.
And those benefices that are free from these things are
yet (besides First Fruits and Tenths to the King, and Pro-
curations to the Bishop) taxed towards the charges of their
respective parishes, and towards the public charges of the
nation, above and beyond the proportion of the Laity.

The Bishoprics of England have been also since the latter
of HENRY VIII.'s reign, to the coming in of King JA,tES,
most miserably robbed and spoiled of the greatest part of
their lands and revenues. So that, at this day [1669] ' a
mean gentleman of £2oo from land yearly, will hot
change his worldly estate and condition with divers Bishops :
and an Attorney, a shopkeeper, a common artisan will hardly
change theirs, vith the ordinary Pastors of the Church.
Some few Bishoprics do yet retain a competency. Amongst
which, the Bishopric of Durham is accounted one of the
chier: the yearly revenues whereof, before the late troubles
[i.e., lhe Civil Wars] vere above £6,000 [=£25,000 now] : of
which by the late Act for abolishing Toutres in cat)ite [I66O],
was lost about £2,ooo yearly.

"" s "'t,t [-Chamberlayne.
244 CLERGY THOUGHT TtlE REFUSE OF ......... 1.. a669-

Out of this revenue, a yearly pension of £800 is paid to
the Croxvn, êver since thê reign of Quêên ELZaBFTH ; xvho
promisêd, in lieu thereof, so much in Impropriations : which
was never performed.
Above £34o yêarly is paid to sêvêral officêrs of the County
Palatine of Durham.
The Assizes and Sessions, also, are duly kêpt in the
Bishop's House, at the sole charges of the Bishop.
Also thê sêveral êxpenses for keêping in rêpair certain
banks of rivêrs in that Bishopric, and of several Housês
belonging to the Bishopric.
Moreover, the yearly Tenths, public taxes, the charges of
going to and waiting at Parliament, being deducted; there
will remain, in ordinary years, to the Bishop to keep hospi-
tality, which must be great, and to provide for those of his
family, but about £t,5oo [=£4,5oo now] yêarly.
Thê like might be said of some othêr principal Bishoprics.

The great diminution of the revenues of the Clergy, and the
little care of augmenting and defending the patrimony of the
Church, is the great reproach and shame of the English
Reformation; and xvill, one day, prove thê ruin of Church
and State.
" It is the last trick," saith St. GREGORY, " that the Devil
hath in this xvorld. \Vhen he cannot bring the Word and
Sacraments into disgrace by errors and heresies; he invents
this project, to bring the Clergy into contempt and loxv esteem."
As it is now in England, where they are accounted by
many, the Dross and Refuse of the nation. Men think it
a stain to their blood to place their sons in that function ;
andwomen are ashamed to marry with any of them. iP- 383-389

If hath been observed, even by strangers, that the iniquity
of the present Times in England is such, that the English
Clergy are not only hated by the Romanists on the one side,
and maligned by the Presbyterians on the other ... ; but
also that, of all the Christian Clergy of Europe, whether
Romish, Lutheran, or Calvinistic, none are so little respectcd,
belovcd, obcyed, or rcwardcd, as the present pious, learned,
loyal Clergy of England; even by those vho ha.ve always
professed themselves of that Communion. p. 4Ol.

THE
GROUNDS & OCCASIONS
OF THE

CONTEMPT

OF THE

CLERGY

AND

RELIGION
Enquired into.
In a L . T T E R evritten to R. L.

LONDON,
Printed by W. GODBID for N. Boocv. at the
./lngel in Cornhill. x 6 7 o.

This work is dated August 8, 167o. ANTHONY - WOOD in his I.
(At]t. O.rolt. I. lxx. Ed. I813) , gives the following account of out Aut[.or.
Februay 9 [1672] A. \V. went to London, and the next
day he was kindly receiv'd by Sir LIOLIN JENKYNS, in his
apartment in Exeter house in t,e Strand, within the city of
\Vestminster.
Sunday II [Feb. I672 , Sir LIOLIN JENKYNS took with
him, in the morning, over the water to Lambeth, A. WOOD,
and after prayers, he conducted him up to the dining rome,
where archb. SHELDON received him, and gave him his
blessing. There then dined among the company, JoHN
ECHARD, the author of The Conlcm]t of the Clcrgy, who sate
at the lower end of the table between tbe archbishop's two
chaplayns SAMUEL P,XRKER and THO.X,xs THOKINS, being
the first rime that the said ECHRD was introduced into the
said archbishop's company. After dinner, the archbishop
went into his witbdrawing roome, and ECHARDwith the
chaplaynes and RALPH 8NOW to their lodgings to drink and
smoak.
JOHN EACHARD, S.T.P.» was appointed Master of Catherine Hall,
Cambridge, in 1675.]

247

C.4N vey easily f«ncy that umO' , upon the ver3' first
sight the litle, will firescntly imagine that the
Author does eithcr want lhe Great Tithes, lying
umtcr the firessure of some fiitiful vicarage ; or that he
is much out of humour, and dissatisfied with thc fireset condition
of affhirs ; or, lastly, lhat he writcs lo no fimfiose al all, thcre
having been an abundmce of unrofitable advisers in this kimt.
As to my beig undcr some low Church disensation ; you may
know, I write hot out of a iuchi,g neccssity, or out of any rising
design. You may lease to believe that, although I bave a most
solemn reverence for the Clcrgy in general, m,d esecially for that
of England ; yet, for my own part, I must conf«ss to you, I ara
**ot of that holy employment ; a»td bave as little thought of being
Dcan or Bishop, as they that think so, bave hoes of bcing all Lord
Keeers.
Nor less mistaken wel they be, that shall judge me in the least
discontented, or any ways disposed to disturb the eace of the
resent settled Church: for, in good truth, I bave neither lost
King's, nor Bisho's lands, that should incline me to a surly and
quarrelsome comlaining; as many be, who would bave been
glad enough to see His Majcsty restorcd, and would bave endured
Bishos daintily well, had Ihey lost no money by their coming in.
I ara hot, I will assure you, any of those Occasional ]Vriters,
that, missing refermcnt in the University, can resently write you
thcir new ways of Education ; or being a little tormented with

248 PREFACE TO TIIE READER.[ T'B'(J'Eachrd'D'D'!
8 August t61o

an ill-chosen wife, set fortl» the doctrine of Divorce to be truly
evangelical.
The cause of these few sheets was honest and innocent, and as
fi'ee ri'oto all passion as any design.
As #r the last thing which I suosed objected, riz., that this
book is altogethcr needless, them having becn an Dtfinite number
of Church- and Cley-mcnders, that bave nade many tcdiom and
,nsuccessful offcrs : I must needs co#s, that it were very
reasonable #r me to ex#ect a better reward.
Only thtts mz«h, I think, with nodcsly may be said : that I
cannot al resent call to mind anythh»g that is ounded but
what is ve hopeful, and easily acco»tçlished. For, indeed, should
I go about go tell you, that a child can never #rove a profitable
Instructor of the #eole, ,tnless born when the sm is in Aries ; or
brought ,tp in a school that stands fit.ll Sottth : that he can ncver
be able to gover» a #arish, unlcss he can ride lhe great horse ; or
that he ca» never go through the gmat work of lhe Ministry, z«nless
#r three hzt.ndred years backward it can be proved that none of
his #mily ever had cough, agzte, or grey hair : then I should very
#atiently endure to be reckoted among lhe vainest that ever ruade
attemçt.
But believe me, Reader I I ara hot, as you will easily see, any
contriver of an incorrttfitible and #zt.re cstaline Chut'ch, or any
exçectcr of a reign of nothing bttt Saints and lVorthies : bttt only
an honest and hearty Wisher that the best of out Clergy might,
for ever, contime as they are, rich and learned and that the rest
might be very zt.scful and well esteemed in their Professiot !

THE

GROUNDS AND OCCASIONS

OF THE

CONTEMPT

OF THE

CLERGY AND RELIGION

Enquired into.

SIR

HAT short discourse which we lately had
concerning the Clergy, continues so fresh
in your mind, that, I perceive by your last,
3"ou are more than a little troubled to
observe that Disesteem that lies upon
several of those holy men. Your good
wishes for the Church, I know, are very
strong and unfeigned; and your hopes of
the World receiving much more advantage and better advice
from some of the Clergy, than usually it is round by experience
to do, are neither needless nor impossible.
And as I have always been a devout admirer as well as
strict observer of your actions ; so I bave constantly taken a
great delight fo concur with you in your very thoughts.
Whereupon it is, Sir, that I bave spent some few houl's upon
that which was the occasion of your last letter, and the
subject of our late discourse.
And before, Sir, I enter upon telling you what are my
apprehensions; I must most heartily profess that, for my
own part, I did never think, since at all I understood the
excellency and perfection of a Church, but that Ours, now
lately Restored, as formerly Established, does far outgo, as to

250 BAD SCHOOLING OF TtIE CLERGY. [-J. Eachard
[_8 Aug. 6'o.

all Christian ends and purposes, either the pomp and bravery
of Rome herself, or the best of Free Spiritual States
[Nonconformists].
But if so be, it be allowable (where we have so undoubtedly
learned and honourable a Clergy)to suppose that some of
that sacred profession might possibly have attained to a
greater degree of esteem and usefulness to the World : then
I hope what has thus long hindered so great and desirable a
blessing to the nation, may be modestly guessed at! either
without giving any wilful offence to the present Church ; or
any great trouble, dear Sir, to yourself. And, if I be not
very much mistaken, whatever bas heretofore, or does at
present, lessen the value of out Clergy, or render it in any
degree less selviceable to the World than might be reasonably
hoped ; may be easily referred to two very plain things--the
IGNORANCE of some, and the POVERTY of others of the
Clergy.

No first, as to the IGNORANCE of some of out Clergy
If we would make a search to purpose, we must
go as deep as the very Beginnings of Educxtion; and,
doubtless, may lay a great part of out misfortunes
to the old-fashioned methods and discipline of Schooling
itself: upon the well ordering of which, although much of
the improvement of out Clergy cannot be denieà mainly
to depend: yet by reason this is so well known to yourself,
as also that there have been many of undoubted learning and
experience, that have set out their several models for this
purpose; I shall therefore only mention such Loss of Time
and Abuse of Youth as is most remarkable and mischievous,
and as could hOt be conveniently omitted in a Discourse of
this nature, though ever so short.

And first of all, it were certainly worth the considering.
\Vhether it be unavoidably necessary to keep lads to 6 or t 7
years of age, i pure slavcry to a few Latin or Greek words ?
or \Vhether it may not be more convenient, especially if we
call to mind their natural inclinations to ease and idleness,
and hov hardly they are persuaded of the excellency of the
liberal Arts and Sciences (any further than the smart of the

l'Eachara'l ENGLISH L1TERATURE WANTED IN SCHOOLS. 2 5 I
Aug. x67o._]

last piece of discipline is fresh in their memories), Whether,
I say, it be not more proper and beneficial to mix with those
unpleasant tasks and drudgeries, something that, in pro-
bability, might not only take much better vith thera, but
might also be much easier obtained ?
As, suppose some part of time was allotted them, for the
reading of some innocent English Authors ! where they need
not go, every line, so un»villingly to a tormenting Dictionary,
and whereby they might corne in a short rime, to apprehend
common sense, and to begin to judge what is true. For you
shall have lads that are arch knaves at the Nominative Case,
and that have a notable quick eye at spying out of the Verb ;
who, for want of reading such common and tamiliar books,
shall understand no more of what is very plain and easy, than
a well educated dog or horse.
Or suppose they were taught, as they might much easier
be than vhat is commonly oflered fo them, the principles of
Arithmetic, Geometl T, and such alluring parts of Learning.
As these things undoubtedly would be much more useful, so
much more delightful to them, than to be tormented vith a
tedious story how lgH¢ETON broke lais neck, or hov many
nuts and apples "l'I"rYRçS had tor his supper.
For, most certainly, youths, if handsomely dealt vith, are
much inclinable to emulation, and to a very useful esteem of
glory ; and more especially, if it be the reward of knowledge :
and therefore, if such things vere carefully and discreetly
propounded to them, vherein they might not only earnestly
contend amongst themselves, but might also see how far
they outskill the test of the \Vorld, a lad hereby would think
himself high and mighty; and would certainly take great
delight in contemning the next unlearned mortal he meets
withal.
But if, instead hereof, you diet him vith nothing but vith
Rules and Exceptions, with tiresome repetitions of A mo and
TOrtu'w, setting a day also apart also to recite verbatim all th,:
burdensome task of the foregoing week (which I ara confident
is usually as dreadful as an old Parliament Fast) ve must
needs believe that such a one, thus managed, will scarce
think to prove immortal, by such performances and accom-
plishments as these.
You know very well, Sir, that lads in general have but a

252 LADS TO BE WON TO THE LOVE OF LEARNING. I-J-Echard.
L8 Aug. 67o.

kind of ugly and odd conception of Learning ; and look upon
it as such a starving" tbing, and uuuecessary perfection,
especially as it is usually dispensed out unto them, that
Nine-pins or Spm»counter are judged nauch naore heaveuly
enaployments ! And therefore what pleasure, do we think, can
such a one take in being bound to get against breakfast, two
or tbree hundred Rumblers out of HOMER, in commendation
of ACHILLES'S toes, or the Grecians' boots; or to have
naeasured out to him, very early iu the morning, fifteen or
twenty well laid on lashes, for lettiug a syllable slip too soon,
or hanging too long on it ? Doubtless instant execution upon
such grand naiscarriages as these, will eternally engage him
to a naost admirable opinion of the Muses ]
Lads, certaiuly, ought to be won by all possible arts and
devices: and though many have iuveuted fine pictures and
gaines, to cheat them iuto the undertaking of unreasonable
burdens ; yet this, by no naeans, is such a lasting tenaptation
as the propounding of that which in itself is pleasant and
alluring. For we shall find very many, though of no excelling
quickness, will soou perceive the desigu of the landscape ;
and so, looking through the veil, will theu begin to take as
little delight iu those pretty contrivauces, as in getting by
heart three or four leaves of ungayed nonsense.
Neither seems the stratagem of Money to be so prevailing
and catcbing, as a right dowu offer of such books which are
ingenious and couveuient : there being but very few so iu-
tolerably careful of their bellies, as to look upon the hopes of
a cake or a few apples, to be a sufficient recompense, for
cracking their pates with a heap of independent words.
I ana not sensible that I have said anything in disparage-
naent of those two famous tongues, the Greek and Latin ;
there being much reason to value them beyond others, be-
cause the best ofHuman Learning has been delivered unto us
in those languages. But he that worships them, purely out
of honour to Ronae and Athens, haviug little or no respect to
the usefulness and excellency of the books themselves, as
naany do : it is a sign he has a great esteem aud reverence of
autiquity ; but I think him, by no means comparable, for
happiness, to him who catches frogs or hunts butterflies.
That some languages therefore ought to be studied is in a
mariner absolutely necessary: unless all were brought to one;

J'Aug.Eachard'-]x6?o.J THE MECHANICAL WA¥ OF TEACIIING LATIN. 253

xvhich would be the happiest thing that the World could wish
for!
But whether the beginning of them might not be more
insensibly instilled, and more advantageously obtained by
reading philosophical as well as other ingenious Authors, than
yanua linguarum, crabbed poems, and cross-grained prose, as
it has been heretofore by others: so it ought to be afresh
considercd by ail well-wishers, either to the Clergy or Learning.
I knmv where it is the fashion of some schools, to prescribe
fo a lad, for his evening refreshment, out of Coxt,lNIçS, all
the Terms of Art [tcchnical terres] belonging to Anatomy,
Mathematics, or some such piece of Learning. Now, is it
not a very likely thing, that a lad should take most absolute
delight in conquering such a pleasant task ; vhere, perhaps,
he bas tvo or three hundred words to keep in mind, with a
very small proportion of sense thereunto belonging : whereas
the use and full meaning of ail those difficult terres vould
bave been mest insensibly obtained, by leisurely reading
in particular, this or the other science ?
Is it hot also likely to be very savoury, and of comfortable
use te one that can scarce distinguish betveen Virtue and
Vice, to be tasked with high and moral poems ? It is usually
said by those that are intimately acquainted vith him, that
HOMER'S Iliad and Odyssey contain, mystically, ail the Moral
Lav for certain, if not a great part of the Gospel (I suppose
much after that rate that RABELalS said his Garganlua con-
tained ail the Ten Commandments!); but perceivable only to
those that have a poetical discerning spirit : with which gitt,
I suppose, few at school are so early qualified.
Those admirable verses, Sir, of yours, both English and
others, which vou bave sometimes favoured me xvith a sight
of, vill not surfer me to be so sottish as to slight and under-
value so great and noble an accomplishment. But the
committing of such high and brave sensed poems to a school-
boy (xvhose main business is to search out cunningly the
Antecedent and the Relative; to lie at catch for a spruce
Phrase, a Proverb, or a quaint and pithy Sentence) is not
only to very little purpose, but that having gargled only those
elegant books at school, this serres them instead of reading
them aftervards ; and does, in a manner, prevent their being
further looked into. So that ail improvement, vhatsoever it

254UNWISE CtIOICE or LADS TO THE UNIVERSITIES.[8J'AEuc.Î;ao:

be, that may be reaped out of the best and choicest poets, is
for the most part utterly lost, in that a time is usually chosen
of reading them, when discretion is much wanting to gain
thence any true advantage. Thus that admirable and highly
useful morality, TULLY'S Offices, because it is a book com-
monly construed at school, is generally afterwards so con-
temned by Academics, that it is a long hour's work to convince
them that it is worthy of being looked into again ; because they
reckon it as a book read over at school, and, no question!
notably digested.
If, therefore the ill methods of schooling do hot only
occasion a great loss of time there, but also do beget in lads
a very odd opinion and apprehension of Learning, and much
disposes them to be idle when they are got a little free from
the usual severities; and that the hopes of more or less im-
provement in the Universities ver), much depend hereupon :
it is, without ail doubt, the great concernment of all that wish
to the Church, that such care and regard be had to the
management of schools, that the Clergy be hot so much
obstructed intheirfirst attempts and preparations to Learning.
I cannot, Sir, possibly be so ignorant as hot to consider
that vhat has been now offered upon this argument, has hot
only been largely insisted on by others; but also refers hot
particularly to the Clergy (whose welfare and esteem, I
seem at present in a special manner solicitous about), but
in general to ail learned professions, and therefore might
reasonably have been omitted: which certainly I had done,
had hOt I called to mind that of those many that propound
to themselves Learning for a profession, there is scarce one
in ten but that his lot, choice, or necessity determines him
to the study of Divinity.
Thus, Sir, I have given you my thoughts concerning the
orders and customs of common schools. A consideration, in
my apprehension, hot slightly to be weighed: being that
upon which to me seems very much to depend the learning
and wisdom of the Clergy, and the prosperity of the Church.

The next unhappiness that seems to have hindered some
of out Clergy flore arriving to that degree of understanding
that becomes such a holy office, whereby their company and

J. Eachard.']$Aug 16o..J TttE AMBITION OF PARISH SCHOOLMASTERS. 255

discourses might be much more, than they commonly are,
valued and desired, is the inconsiderate sending of all kinds
of lads to the Universities; let their parts be ever so low
and pitiful, the instructions they bave lain under ever so
mean and contemptible, and the purses of their friends ever
so short to maintain them thele. If they bave but the
commendation of some lamentable and pitiful Construing
Master, it passes for sufficient evidence that they will prove
persons very eminent in the Church. That is to say, if a
lad bas but a lusty and well bearing memmT, this being the
usual and almost only thing whereby they judge of their
abilities; if he can sing over ver), tunably three or four
stanzas of LILL',"S Poetry ; be ve 3' quick and ready to tell
xvhat is Latin for ail the instruments belonging to lais father's
shop; if presently [at sçght], upon the first scanning, he
knows a Spondee from a Dactyl, and can fit a fev of those
same, without any sense, to his fingers' ends ; if, lastly, he can
say perfectly by heart lais Academic Catechism, in pure and
passing Latin, i.e., " \Vhat is his Name ? .... \Vhere went he
to School ?" and " \Vhat author is he best and chiefly skilled
in ?" "A forward boy !" cries the Schoolmaster : "a very
pregnant child! Ten thousand pities, but he should be a
Scholar ; he proves a brave Clergyman, I'll warrant )ou !"
Away to the University he must needs go! Then for a
little Logic, a little Ethics, and, GOD knows ! a very little of
everything else ! And the next rime you meet him, he is in
the pulpit !
Neither ought the mischief which arises fi-om small country
schools to pass unconsidered. The little mighty Governors
whereof, having, for the most part, not sucked in above
six or seven mouthsful of University air, must yet, by all
means, suppose themselves so notably furnished with all
sorts of instructions, and are so ambitious of the glory of
being counted able to send forth, now and then, to Oxford or
Cambridge, from the little bouse by the Churchyard's side,
one of their ill-educated disciples, that to such as these oft-
times is committed the guidance and instruction of a whole
parish: whose parts and improvements duly considered,
will scarce render them fit Governors of a small Grammar
Castle.
Not that it is necessary to b21ieve, that there never was

256 DISMAL THINGS ARE SENT UP TO COLLEGE. l-J- Eachard.
L 8 .ug. 67 o.

a learned or useful person in the Church, but such whose
education had been at Westminster or St. Paul's. But,
whereas most of the small schools, being by their first
founders designed only for the advantage of poor parish
chi!dren, and also that the stipend is usually so small and
discouraging that very few who can do much more than teach
to write and read, will accept of such preferment : for these
to pretend to rig out their small ones for a University life,
proves ofttimes a very great inconvenience and damage to
the Church.
And as many such Dismal Things are sent forth thus,
with very small tackling; so not a fev are predestinated
thither by their friends, from the foresight of a good benefice.
If there be rich pasture, profitable customs, and that HENRY
VIII. has taken out no toll, the Holy Land is a ver), good
land, and affords abundance of milk and honey! Far be it
from their consciences, the considering vhether the lad is
likely to be serviceable to the Church, or to make viser and
better any of his parishioners !
All this may seem, at first sight, to be easily avoided by a
strict examination at the Universities; and so returning by
the next carrier, all that was sent up not fit fortheir purpose.
]3ut because many of their relations are ofttimes persons of
an inferior condition; and who (either by imprudent coun-
sellors, or else out of a tickling conceit of their sons being,
forsooth, a University Scholar) have purposely omitted ail
other opportunities of a livelihood; to return such, vould
seem a very sharp and severe disappointment.
Possibly, it miht be much better, if parents themselves or
their friends, would be much more wary of determining their
children to the trade of Learning. And if some of undoubted
knowledge and judgement, would offer their advice; and speak
their hopes of a lad, about 13 or 14 years of age (vhich, I will
assure you, Sir, may be done vithout conjuring !) ; and never
omit to inquire, \Vhether his relations are able and willing
to maintain him seven years at the University, or see some
certain way of being continued there so long, by the help of
friends or others, as also upon no such conditions as shall,
in likelihood, deprive him of the greatest parts of his studies ?
For it is a common fashion of a great many to compliment
and invite inferior people's children to the University, and

J. Eachnrd.-[
IAug.,6zo.A USUALLY SEVEN YEARS AT TIIE UNIVERSITIES, 2 5 7

there pretend to make such an ail bountiful provision for
them, as they shall hot fail of coming to a very eminent
degree of Learning; but when they corne there, they shall save
a servant's wages. They tooktherefore, heretofore, a very good
method to prevent Sizars overheating their brains. Bed-
making, chamber-sweeping, and water-fetching were doubt-
less great preservatives against too much vain philosophy.
Nov certainly such pretended favours and kindnesses as
these, are the most right down discourtesies in the \Vorld.
Forit is ten rimes more happy, both for the lad and the
Church, tobe a corn-cutter or tooth-draver, to make or mend
shoes, or tobe of any inferior profession ; than to be invited
to, and promised the conveniences of, a learned education ; and
to have his naine only stand airing upon the College Tables
[Nolice-boards], and his chief business shall be, to buy eggs
and butter.
Neither ought lads' parts, before they be determined to the
University, be only considered, and the likelihood of being
disappointed in their studies; but also abilities or hopes of
being maintained until they be Masters of Artg. For whereas
2oo, for the most part, yeally Commence r.Matriculate], scarce
the fifth part of these continue after their taking the First
Degree [B.A.]. As for the rest, having exactly learned, Ç)uid
est Logica ? and Ç)uot sunt Virtutes Moralcs ? dovn they go,
by the first carrier, on the top of the pack, into the West, or
North, or elsewhere, according as their estates lie; with
BUlaEsI)IClUS, EU SaCHIU s, and such great helps of Divinity;
and then, for propagation of the Gospel ! By that rime they
can say the Predicaments and Crecd; they bave their choice
of preaching or starving ! Nov what a Champion of Trutlt
is.such a thing likely tobe ! \Vhat a huge blaze he makes
in the Church! \Vhat a Raiser of Doctrines! What a
Confounder of Heresies! What an able Interpreter of hard
Places ! What a Resolver of Cases of Conscience! and vhat
a prudent guide must he needs be to ail his parish !
You may possibly think, Sir, that this so early preaching
might be easily avoided, by withholding Holy Orders; the
Church having very prudently constituted in ber Canons, that
none under twenty-three years of age, which is the usual age
after seven years being at the University, should be admitted
to that great employment.
ENa. G.tI. VII. 17

ÇJ. Eachard.
25 GRADUATES COMING TO A IICLY RIPENESS. L8Aug.6o-

This indeed might seem to do some service, were it care-
fully observed ; and were thcre not a tbing to be got, called a
Dis, bczsatio«, which will presently [at once] make you as old
as vou please.
lut if you will, Sir, we will suppose tbat Orders were
strictly denied to all, unless qualified according to Canon. I
cannot foresee any other remedy but that most of those
University youngsters must fall to tbe parish, and become a
town charge until tbey be of spiritual age. For Philosophy
is a very idle thing, when one is cold! and a small System of
DiviMty, tbough it be WOLLEImJS himself, is not sufficient
wben Ol'le is hungry !
What then shall xve do witb tbem ? and xvhere shall we
dispose of tbem, until they corne to a holy ripeness ?
May we venture tbem into the Desk to read Service?
That cannot be, because not capable ! Besides, the tempting
Pulpit usually stands too near. Or shall we trust them in
some good Gentleman's house, there to perform holy things?
\Vith all my heart ! so tbat they may not be called down from
their studies to sayGrace to eve W Healtb ; that they may have
a little better xvages than the Cook or Butler; as also that
there be a Groom in tbe bouse, besides the Chaplain (for
sometimes to the £IO a year, they crowd jni the looking after
couple of geldings) : and that he may not be sent fl'om table,
picking his teeth, and sighing with his hat under his arm ;
whilst the Knight and my Lady eat up the tarts and chickens!
It may be also convenient, if he were suffered to speak now
and then in the Parlour, besides at Grace and Prayer time ; and
that my cousin ABIGAIL and he sit not too near one another
at meals, nor be presented together to the little vicarage !
All this, Sir, must be thought on ! For, in good earnest, a
person at all thougbtful of himself and conscience, had much
better cboose to lire with nothing but beans and pease
pottage, so that he might have the command of his thoughts
and time; than to bave his Second and Third Courses, and
to obey the unreasonable humours of some families.
And as some think two or three years' continuance in the
University, to be rime sufflcient for being very great Instru-
ments in the Church : so others xve have, so moderate as to
count that a solemn admission and a formal paying of College
Detriments, without the trouble of Philosophical discourses,

J'Eachard'-I A GOOD CONSTITUTION REQUISITEFOR STUDY. 259
8 Aug.

disputations, and the like, are virtues that will influence as far
as Newcastle, and improve though at ever such a distance.
So strangely possessed are people in general, with the
easiness and small preparation that are requisite to the
undertaking of the Ministry, that whereas in other professions,
they plainly see, what considerable rime is spent before they
bave any hopes of arriving to skill enough to practise with
any confidence what they have designed; yet to preach to
ordinary people, and govern a country parish, is usually
judged such an easy performance, that anybody counts him-
self fit for the employment. \Ve find very few so unreasonably
confident of their parts, as to profess either Laxv or Physic,
vithout either a considerable continuance in some of the Inns
of Courts, or an industrious search in herbs, Anatomy,
Chemistry, and the like, unless it be only to make a bond
[bandage] or give a glyster la1» injection]. But as for "the
knack of Preaching " as they call if, that is such a very easv
attainment, that he is counted dull to purpose, that is not
able, at a very small warning, fo fasten upon any text of
Scripture, and to tear and tumble it, till the glass [the hour-
glass o1» lhc ulbit ] be out.
Many, I knmv very well, are forced to discontinue [at
Çollege], having neither stock [capital] of their own, nor
friends to maintain them in the University. But whereas a
man's profession and employment in this xvorld is very much
in his own, or in the choice of such who are most nearly con-
«erned for him ; he therefore, that foresees that he is not likely
to have the advantage of a continued education, he had much
better commit himself to an approved-of cobbler or tinker,
wherein he may be duly respected according to his office and
condition of life ; than to be only a disesteemed pettifogger or
empiric in Divinity.
By this rime, Sir, I hope you begin to consider what a great
disadvantage it bas been to the Church and Religion, the
mere venturous and inconsiderate determining of Youths to
the profession of Learning.

There is still one thing, by very few, at all minded, that
ought also not to be overlooked : and that is, a good constitu-
tion and health of body. And therefore discreet and xvise phy-
-sicians ought also to be consulted, before an absolute resolve

260 ICKLY ONES CIIOSEN FOR CIIOICE VESSELS. [J" Eachard.
L8Aug. 167o.

be ruade to lire the Life of the Learned. For he that bas
strength enough to buy and bargain, may be of a very unfit
habit of body to sit still so much, as, in general, is requisite to
a comlSetent degree of Learning. For although reading and
thinking break neither legs nor arms ; yet, certainly, there is
nothingthat flags the spirits, disorders the blood, and enfeebles
the whole body of Man, as intense studies.
As for him tbat rives blocks or carries packs, there is no
great expense of parts, no anxiety of mind, no great intellec-
tual pensiveness. Let him but vipe his forehead, and he is
perfectly recovered ! But he that has many languages to re-
member, the nature ef almost the whole world to consult,
many histories, Fathers, and Councils to search into ; if the
fabric of lais body be hot strong and healthful, you xvill soon
find him as rhin as a piece of metaphysics, and look as piercing
as a School subtilty.
This, Sir, could hot be conveniently omitted; hot only
because many are very careless in this point, and, at a venture,
determine their young relations to Learning: but because,
for the most part, if, amongst many, there be but one of ail
the family that is weak and sickly, that is languishing and
consumptive; tbis, of all the rest, as counted hot fit for any
coarse employment, shall be picked out as a Choice VesseI
for the Church! \Vhereas, most evidently, he is much more:
able to dig daily in the mines, than to set cross-legged,.
musing upon his book.
I ana very sensible, how obvious if might be, here, fo hint
that this so curious and severe Inquiry would much hinder
the practice, and abate the flourishing of tbe Universities :
as also, there bave been several, and are still, many Living
Creatures in the world, xvho, whilst young, being of a very
slow and meek apprehension, have yet afterward cheered up-
into a great briskness, and become masters of much reason.
And others there bave been, who, although forced to a short
continuance in the University, and that ofttimes interrupted
by unavoidable services, bave yet, by singular care and in-
dustry, proved very famous in their generation. And lastly,
some also, of very feeble and crazy constitutions in their
childhood, bave out-studied their distempers, and bave
become very healthful and serviceable in the Churcb.
As for the flourishing, Sir, of the Universities--what has_

. Eaehard.
SAug. x6zo.3 CAPACITS, H EALTII, IAINTENANCE REQUIRED. 261

been before said, aires hot in the least at Gentlemen, xvhose
coming thither is chiefly for the hopes of single [pcrsonal'_ im-
provement ; and whose estates do free them from the necessity
<f making a gain of Arts and Sciences : but only at such as
intend to make Learning their profession, as well as [their]
accomplishment. So that our Schools may be still as full of
flourishings, of fine clothes, rich gowns, and future benefactors,
as ever.
And suppose we do imagine, as it is necessary ve should,
that the number should be a little lessened ; this surely will
hot abate the true splendour of a University in any man's
opinion, but his vho reckons the flourishing thereof, rather
from the multitude of mere gowns than flom the Ingenuity
and Learning of those that wear them : no more than we
bave reason to count the flourishing of the Church from that
vast number of people that crowd into Holy Orders, rather
than from those learned and useful persons that defend her
Truths, and manifest her Ways.
Iut I say, I do hot see any perfect necessity that our
Schools should hereupon be thinned and less frequented:
having said nothing against the Multitude, but the indiscrcct
«hoice. If therefore, instead of such, either of inferior
parts or a feeble constitution, or of unable friends; there
were picked out those that were of a tolerable ingenuity
[natural capacity], of a study-bearing body, and had good
hopes of being continued; as hence there is nothing to
hinder our Universities from being full, so likewise from
being of great credit and learning.
Not to deny, then, but that, now and then, there has been
a lad of very submissive parts, and perhaps no great share
of time allowed him for his studies, who has proved, beyond
all expectation, brave and glorious : yet, surely, we are hot
to over-reckon this so rare a hit, as to think that one such
proving lad should make recompense and satisfaction for
those many "veak ones," as the common people love to
phrase them, that are in the Church. And that no care
ought to be taken, no choice ruade, no maintenance provided
or considered; because (now and then in an Age) one,
miraculously, beyond all hopes, proves learned and useful;
is a practice, whereby never greater mischiefs and disesteem
bave been brought upon the Clergy.

ÇJ. Eachard.
262 UNIVERSIT¥ WANTS. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. LsAug.,6o.

I have, in short, Sir, run over what seemed to me, the
First Occasions of that Small Learning that is to be round
amongst some of the Clelgy. I shall now pass from School-
ing to the Universities.

I am not so unmindful of that devotion which I owe to
those places, nor of that great esteem I profess to have of
the Guides and Governors thereof, as to go about to pre-
scribe new Y'ormsand Schemes of Education ; where Wisdom
has laid her top-stone. Neither shall I here -examine which
Philosophy, the Old or New, makes the best sermons. It is
hard to say, that exhortations can be to to purpose, if the
treacher believes that the earth turns round[ or that his
-eproofs can take zo effect, unless he will suppose a vacuum !
There bave been good serinons, no question! ruade in t.he
days of Matcria Prima and Occult Qualities : and there are,
doubtless, still good discourses now, under the reign of
Atoms.
There are but two things, vherein I count the Clergy
chiefly concerned, as to University Improvements, that, at
present, I shall make Inquiry into.
And the first is this : Whether or hot it were hot highly
useful, especially for the Clergy who are supposed to speak
English to the people, that E»glish Excrciscs wcre imposed
,spot» lads, if not in Public Schools, yet at least privately.
Not but that I am abundantly satisfied that Latin (O
Latin ! it is the all in all ! and the very cream of the jest !) ;
as also, that Oratory is the same in all languages, the same
rules being observed, the same method, the saine arguments
and arts of persuasion : but yet, it seems somewhat beyond
the reach of ordinary youth so to apprehend those generaI
Laws as to make a just and allowable use of them in all
languages, unless exercised particularly in them.
Now we know the language that the very learned part of
this nation must trust to live by, unless it be to make a bond
[batdage] or prescribe a purge (which possibly may hot oblige
or work so well in anv other language as Latin) is the
English : and after a lad has taken lais leave of Madame
University, GOD bless him[ he is not likely to deal after-
wards with much Latin; unless it be to checker [varicgatet

VRITING
TOS.qliNG NONSENSE IN LETTERS. o6 3
8 Aug. tOTo...I

a sermon, or to sav Salveto ! to some travelling Domin¢.lio
vcstra. Neither is ]t enough to sa3,, that the English is the
language with which we are sxvaddled and rocked asleep ; and
therefore there needs none of this artificial and superadded
care. For tbere be those that speak very well, plainly, and
to the purpose ; and yet write most pernicious and fantastical
stuff: thinking that xvhatsoever is written must be more tban
ordinal T, must be beyond the guise [mamter] of common
speecb, must savour of reading and Learning, though it be
altogether needless, and perfectly ridiculous.
Neither ought we to suppose it sufficient that English books
be frequently read, because tbere be of ail sorts, good and bad ;
and the worst are likely to be admired by Youth more than
the best : unless Exercises be required of lads; whereby it
may be guessed xvhat their judgement is, where they be
mistaken, and what authors they propound to themselves for
imitation. For by this means, they may be corrected and
advised early, according as occasion shall require : which, if
hOt done, their iii style will be so confirmed, their impro-
prieties of speech will become so natural, that it will be a
very hard matter to stir or alter their fashion of writing.
It is very curious to observe what delicate letters, your
young students write! after they have got a little smack of
University learning. In what elaborate heights, and-tossing
nonsense, will thev greet a right down English father, or
country friend ! If there be a plain word in it, and such as
is used at home, this "tastes hot," say they, " of education
among philosophers I" and is counted damnable duncery and
want of fancy. Because " Your loving fiiend" or "humble
servant " is a common phrase in country letters; therefore
the young Epistler is " Yours, to the Antipodes ! " or at least
"to the Centre of the earth ! " : and because ordinary folks
" love" and "respect " )ou; therefore )'ou are to him, "a
Pole Star!" "a Jacob's Staff!" "a LoadstoneI" and "a
damask Rose !"
And the misery of it is, that this pernicious accustomed
way of expression does not only, ofttimes, go along with them
to their benefice, but accompanies them to the very grave.
And, for the most part, an ordinary cheesemonger or plum-
seller, that scarce.ly] ex-er heard of a University, shall write
rnuch better sense, and more to the purpose than these young

"64 A LATIN ORATION .A.'F TIIE UNIVERSITIES. 18 [J'.ug.l"¢|'ard',67o,

philosophers, who injudiciously hunting only for great xvords,
make themselves learnedly ridiculous.
Neither can it be easily apprehended, laow the use of
English Exercises should any ways hinder the improvement
in the Latin tongue; but rather be much to its advantage :
and this may be easily believed, considering what dainty
stuff is usually produced for a Latin entertainment ! Chicken
broth is not thinner than that which is commonly offered
for a Piece of most pleading and convincing Sense !
For, I will but suppose an Academic youngster to be put
upon a Latin Oration. Away he goes presently to his maga-
zine of collected phrases! He picks out all the Glitterings
he can find. He hauls in all Provelbs, " Flowers," Poetical
snaps [slatchcs], Tales out of the Dictiona,3', or else ready
Latined to his hand, out of LYCOSTHENES.
This done, he cornes to the end of the table, and having
ruade a submissive leg [ruade a submissive bow] and a little
admired [gazcd at] the number, and understanding coun-
tenances of lais auditors : let the subject be what it will, he
falls presently into a most lamentable complaint of lais insuf-
ficiency and tenuity [slczdcrwss . that he, poor thing ! " hath
no acquaintance with above a lXluse and a hall ! " and "that
le never drank above six quarts of Helicon ! " and you "have
put him here upon such a task" (perhaps the business is
only, \Vhich is the nobler creature, a Flea or a Louse ?)
"that would mtlch better fit sorne old soaker at Parnassus,
than his sipping unexperienced bibbership." Alas, poor
child ! he is " sorry, at the very soul ! that he has no better
speech ! and wonders in lais heart, that 3-ou will lose so much
rime as to hear him ! for he has neither squibs nor fireworks,
stars nor glories ! The cursed carrier lost his best I3ook of
Phrases; and the malicious mice and rats eat up all his
Pcarls and Goldct Scteiccs."
Then he tickles over, a little, the skirts of the business.
I3y and by, for similitude from the Sun and Moon, or if they
be not at leisure, from " the grey-eyed Morn," or " a shady
grove," or " a purling stream."
This done, he tells )'ou that " Barnaby Bright would be
much too short, for him to tell 3,ou ail that he could say "-
and so, "fearing he should break the thread of your patience,"
he concludes.

J. EoEhard r
A,,g. 67;i UNIVERSlT¥ WANTS. PUTTINGDOWN rUNNING. 26 5

Nmv it seems, Sir, very probable, that if lads did but first
of all, determine in English what they intended to say in
Latin ; they vould, of themselves, soon discern the trifling-
ness of such Apologies, the pitifulness of their Matter, and
the impertinency of their Tales and Fancies: and would (accord
ing to their subject, age, and parts)offer that which would
be much more maniy, and towards tolerable sense.
And if I may tell you, Sir, what I really think, most of that
ridiculousness, of those phantastical phrases, harsh and
sometimes blasphemous metaphors, abundantly foppish
similitudes, childish and empty transitions, and the like, so
commonly uttered out of pulpits, and so fatally redounding
to the discredit of the Clergy, may, in a great measure, be
charged upon the want of that, which we have here so much
contended for.
The second Inquiry that may be made is this: II'helhcr
or hot Pumdng, Quibblin., and that which th«y call ffoquing
ijoking], and such ddicacics of llït, highly admired in some
Academic Exercises, Inight hot be ve 3, com,cnicntly omitted ?
For one may desire but to know this one thing: In what
Profession shall that sort of Wit prove of advantage ? As for
Law, where nothing but the most reaching subtility and the
closest arguing is allowed of; it is hot to be imagined that
blending nov and then a piece of a dry verse, and wreathing
here and there an odd Latin Saying into a dismal jingle,
should give Title to an estate, or clear out an obscure evidence
And as little serviceable can it be to Physic, vhich is made
up of severe Reason and well tried Experiments !
And as for Divinity, in this place I shall say no more, but
that those usually that have been Rope Dancers in the
Schools, ofttimes prove Jack Puddings in tbe Pulpit.
For he that in his youth has allowed himself this liberty of
Academic Wit ; by this means he has usually so thinned his
judgement, becomes so prejudiced against sober sense, and
so altogether disposed to trifling and jingling; that, so soon
as he gets hold of a text, he presently thinks he has catched
one of his old School Questions; and so falls a flinging it
out of one hand into another ! tossing it this way, and that!
lets it run a little upon the line, then " tanuttts ! high jingo
corne again !" here catching at a word ! there lie nibbling and
ucking at an and, a by, a quis or a qttid, a sic or a sicut ! and

l-J- Eachard.
2 I-IOW TO MAKE A MAN PESTILENTLY WITTV. sAug.eTo.

thus minces the Text so small that his parishioners, until he
rcndczvous [reasscmble] it again, can scarce tell, vhat is become
of it.
But " Shall we debar Youth of such an innocent and
harmless recreation, of such a great quickener of Parts and
promoter of sagacity ?"
As for the first, its innocency of being allowed of for a
rime ; I ara so far from that persuasion that, from vhat has
been before hinted, I count it perfectly contagious! and as
a thing that, for the most part, infects the whole life, and
influences most actions! For he that finals himself to have
the right knack of letting off a joque, and of pleasing the
Humsters; he is hot only very hardly brought off from
admiring those goodly applauses, and heavenly shouts; but
it is ten to one ! if he directs hot the whole bent of his studies
to such idle and contemptible books as shall only furnish
him vith materials for a laugh ; and so neglects ail that
should inform his Judgement and Reason, and make him a
man of sense and reputation in this world.
And as for the pretence of making people sagacious, and
pestilently witty ; I shall only desire that the nature of that
kind of x.Vit may be considered! vhich will be found to
depend upon some such fooleries as these
As, first of ail, the lucky ambiguity of some word or
sentence. 0, what a happiness is it ! and hov much does
a youngster count himself beholden to the stars! that
should help him to such a taking jest! And whereas
there be so many thousand vords in the \Vorld, and that
he should luck upon the right one! that vas so very
much to his purpose, and that at the explosion, marie
such a goodly report !
Or else they rake LILL';'S Grammar; and if they can
but final two or three letters of any naine in any of the
Rodes or Examplcs of that good man's \Vorks; it is as
very a piece of Wit as any bas passed in the Town since
the King came in [66o] !
O, how the Freshmen will skip, to hear one of those
lines well laughed at, that they have been so often yerked
[chided] for !
It is truc, such things as these go for Wit so long as they
continue in Latin ; but what dismally shrimped things would

. Eaehnrd.
Au». x6o.] ]NGLI$II OCIETY IS NOW FOR ONE LANGUAGE. 6 7

they appear, if tulned into English! And if we search into
what was, or might be pretended; we shall find the advan-
tages of Latin-\Vit to be vely small and slender, when it
comes into the \Vorld. I mean not only among strict Philo-
sophers and IIen of mere Notions, or amongst all-damning
and illiterate HECTORS; but amongst those that are truly
ingenious and judicious Mastels of Fancy. \Ve shall find that
a quotation out of Ç)ui mihi, an Axiom out of Logic, a Saying
of a Philosopher, or the like, though managed with some
quickness and applied with some seeming ingenuity, will
hot, in our days, pass, or be accepted, for \Vit.
For we must know that, as we are now in an Age of great
Philosophers and Men of Reason, so of great quickness and
fancy! and that Greek and Latin, which heretofore (though
never so impertinently fetched in) was counted admirable,
because it had a learned twang; yet, now, such stuff, being
out of fashion, is esteemed but very bad company !
For the World is nov, especially in discourse, for One
Language ! and he that has somewhat in his mind of Greek and
Latin, is requested, now-a-days, " to be civil, and translate it
into ]nglish, for the benefit of the company!" And he that
has ruade it his whole business to accomplish himself for the
applause of boys, schoolmasters, and the easiest of Country
Divnes; and has been shouldered out of the Cockpit for his
Wit : when he cornes into the \Vorld, is the most likely person
to be kicked out of the company, for his pedantry and over-
weening opinion of himself.
And, were it necessary, it is an easy matter to appeal to
\Vits, both ancient and modern, that (beyond all controversy}
have been sufficiently approved of, that never, I ara confident !
received their improvements by employing their time in Puns
and Quibbles. There is the prodigious LvcIa, the great Don
[QUIXOTE] of Mancha ; and there are many now living, \Vits
of our own, who never, certainly, were at all inspired from
a Tri2hus's, Tcrrce-filius's, or Prcevarccaor's speech.
I have ventured, Sir, thus far, not to find fault with; but
only to inquire into an ancient custom or two of the Univer-
sities ; vherein the Clergy seem to be a little concerned, as to
their education there.

I shall now look on them as beneficed, and consider their

"Nx .... N ° I-J. Eachard.
268 SWAGGERING \VITII TALL \VORDS teX: x, ulu 'Lsa,g.,67«

preaching. \Vherein I pretend to give no rules, having
neither any gift at it, nor authority to do it : but only shall
make sorne conjectures at those useless and ridiculous things
comrnonly uttered in pulpits, that are generally disgusted
[dislil,'cd], and are very apt to bri:g contempt upon the
preacher, and that religion whicia he professes.
Amongst the first things that seem to be useless, may be
reckoned the high lossMg and swaggcrMg jSrcaching, either
mountingly eloquent, or profoundly learned. For there be a
ort of Divines, who, if they but happen of an unlucky hard
word all the week, they think themselves not careful of their
flock, if they lay it not up till Sunday, and bestow it amongst
them, in their next preacbment. Or if they light upon some
clifficult and obscure notion, which their curiosity inclines
them to be better acquainted with, how useless soever!
nothing so frequent as tor them, for a naonth or txvo months
together, to tear and tumble this doctrine! and the poor
people, once a week, shall corne and gaze upon them by the
hour, until they preach themselves, as they think, into a
right understanding.
Those that are inclinable to make these useless speeches
o the people; they do it, for the most part, upon one of
hese two considerations. Either out of simple phantastic
glory, and a great studiousness of being wondered at : as if
getting into the pulpit were a kind of Staging [actMg] ; where
nothing was to be considered but how much the sermon
takes ! and how much stared at ! Or else, they do this to
gain a respect and reverence rioto their people : " who," say
they, " are to be puzzled now and then, and carried into the
clouds! For if the Minister's words be such as the Con-
table uses; his marrer plain and practical, such as cornes
to the common market : he may pass possibly for an honest
and well-meaning man, but by no means for any scholar!
Whereas if he springs forth, now and then, in high raptures
towards the uppermost heavens; dashing, here and there, an
all-confounding word ! if he soars aloft in unintelligible huffs !
preaches points deep and mystical, and delivers them as
darkly and phantastically ! this is the way," say they, " of
being accounted a most able and learned Instructor."
Others there be, whose parts stand not so much towards
"rall Words and Lofty Notions, but consist in scattering up

J. Eachard.1 SWAGGERING WITH LATIN, GREEK,: MEBREV. _6 9
8 Aug. x6;,o.J

and down and besprinkling all their serinons with plenty of
Greek and Latin. And because St. PAUL, once or so, was
pleased to make use of a little heathen Greek ; and that only,
when he had occasion to discourse with some of the learned
ones that well understood him: therefore must they needs
bring in twenty Poets and Philosophers, if they can catch
them, into an hour's talk [evidcntly the ordimry lcgth of c
sermon» at this timc, see p. 259, 313]; spreading themselves
in abundance of Greek and Latin, to a company, perhaps,
of farmers and shepherds.
Neither will they rest there, but have at the Hebrev also !
not contenting themselves to tell the people in general, that
they "bave skill in the Text, and the exposition they offer,
agrees with the Original " ; but must swagger also over the
poor parishioners, with the dreadful Hebrev itself! with
their BEN-ISRAELS [ BEN-[ANASSES [ and many more BENS
that they are intimately acquainted vith ! whereas there is
nothing in the church, or near it by a toile, that understands
them, but GOD Almighty[ whom, it is supposed, they go not
about to inform or satisfy.
This learned way of talking, though, for the most part, if
is done merely out of ostentation: yet, sometimes (which
makes not the case much better), it is done in compliment
and civility to the all-vise Patron, or all-understanding
Justice of the Peace in the parish; who, by the common
farmers of the town, must be thought to understand the
most intricate notions, and the most difficult languages.
Now, xvhat an admirable thing this is! Suppose there
should be one or so, in the whole church, that understands
somevhat besides English : shall I hot think that he under-
stands that better ? Must I (out of courtship to his \Vorship
and Understanding; and because, perhaps, I am to dine
with him) prate abundance of such stuff, which, I must
needs know, nobody understands, or that vill be the better for
it but himself, and perhaps scarcely he ?
This, I say, because I certainly knov several of that dis-
position : who, if they chance to have a man of any learning
or understanding more than the rest in the parish, preach
xvholly at him! and level most of thcir discourses at his
supposed capacity; and the test of the good people shall
have only a handsome gaze or view of the parson [ As if

îo TIIE rARSON TO PREAClt TO ALL TIIE PARISII.

plain words, useful and intelligible instructions vere not as
good for an Esquire, or one that is in Conamission fi'om the
King, as for him that holds the plough or mends hedges.
Certainly he that considers the design of his Office, and
bas a conscience answerable to that holy undertaking, must
needs conceive himself engaged, not only to mind this or that
accomplished or vell-dressed person, but must have a uni-
versal care and regard of all lais parish. And as he must
think himself bound, hot only to visit dovn beds and silken
curtains, but also flocks and strav [mattresscs], if there be
need: so ought his care to be as large to instruct the poor,
the weak, and despicable part of his parish, as those that sit
in the best pews. He that does otherwise, thinks not at all
of a man's soul: but only accommodates himself to fine
clothes, an abundance of ribbons, and the highest seat in the
church ; not thinking that it will be as much to his reward in
the next world, by sober advice, care, and instruction, to
have saved one that takes collection [altos] as him that is able
to relieve half the town. It is very plain that neither out
Saviour, when he was upon earth aud taught the \Vorld,
ruade any such distinction in lais discourses. \Vhat is more
intelligible to all mankind than his Scvmon @on the Mount !
Neither did the Apostles think of any such way. I wonder,
whom they take for a pattern !
I will suppose once again, that the design of these persons
is to gain glory: and I shall ask them, Can there be any
greater in the world, than doing general good ? To omit future
reward, \Vas it hot always esteemed of old, that correcting
evil practices, reducing people that lived amiss, was much
better than making a high rant about a shuttlecock, and
talking tara-tantam about a feather ? Or if they would be
only admired, then would I gladly have them consider, \Vhat
a rhin and delicate kind of admiration is likely to be produced,
by that which is not at all understood ? Certainly, that man
bas a design of building up to himself real faine in good
earnest, by things well laid and spoken : lais way to effect it
is hot by talking staringly, and casting a mist before the
people's eyes; but by offering such things by which he may
be esteemed, with knowledge and understanding.
Thus far concerning Hard Words, High Notions» and Un-
lrofitable Quotations out of learned languages.

j. Eachard.-1 -ASII USE OF FRIGIITFUL [ETAPIIORS. 271
13 ]iug. x67o._]

I shall nov consider such things as arc ridicMom, that serve
for chimney and market talk, after the sermon be done ; and
that do cause, more immediately, the preacher to be scorned
and undervalued.
I have-no reason, Sir, to go about to determine what style
or method is best for the improvement and advantage of all
people. For, I question not but there have been as many
several sorts of Preachers as Orators; and though very
different, yet useful and commendable in their kind.
takes very deservedly with man3", SENECA with others, and
CATO, no question ! said things wisely and well. So, doubt-
less, the saine place of Scripture may by several, be variously
considered: and although their method and style be altogether
.different, yet they may all speak things very convenient for
he people to knov and be advised of. But yet, certainly,
what is most undoubtedly useless and empty, or what s
judged absolutely ridiculous, not by this or that curious or
squeamish auditor, but by every man in the Corporation that
understands but plain English and common sense, ought to
be avoided. For ail people are naturally born with such a
judgement of true and allowable Rhetoric, that is, of what is
decorous and convenient fo be spoken, that whatever is
grossly otherwise is usually ungrateful, not only to the wise
and skilful part of the congregation, but shall seem also
ridiculous to the very unlearned tradesmen [mechanics] and
their young apprentices. Amongst which, may be chiefly
reckoned these following, harsh Metat)hors, childish SimilillMes,
».nd ill-applicd Ta!es.

The first main thing, I say, that makes many sermons so
ridiculous, and the preachers of them so much disparaged
and undervalued, is a inconsiderate use of fi'ightful Metal)hors :
which making such a remarkable impression upon the ears,
.-and leaving such a jarring twang behind them, are oftentimes
:emembered to the discredit of the Minister as long as he
continues in the parish.
I bave heard the very children in the streets, and the little
.boys close about the tire, refresh themselves strangely but
with the repetition of a few of such far-fetched and odd
.sounding expressions. TULLY, therefore, and C2ESAR, the

_7 ,_ NAUTICAI, AND !X,'IILITARY 'ETAPHORS. Ls [-J'Aug.Eaehard'x6zo.

two greatest masters of Roman eloquence, were very wary
and sparing of that sort of Rhetoric. \Ve may read many a
page in their works belote we meet with any of those bears ;
and if you do light upon one or so, it shall not make your
hair stand right up ! or put you into a fit of convulsions ! but
it shall be so soif, significant, and familiar, as if it were made
for the very purpose.
But as for the common sort of people that are addicted to
thîs sort of expression in their discourses ; away presently to
both the Indies ! rake heaven and earth ! down to the bottom
of the sea ! then tumble over all Arts and Sciences! ransack
all shops and varehouses ! spare neither camp nor city, but
that they will have them! So fond are such deceived ones
of these saine gay words, that they count all discourses
empty, dull, and clou@; unless bespangled with these
glitterings. Nay, so injudicious and impudent together will
they sometimes be, that the Almighty Himself is often in
danger of being dishonoured by these indiscreet and horrid
Metaphor-mongers. And when they thus blaspheme the
God of Heaven by such unhallowed expressions; to make
amends, they will put you in an " As it vere" forsooth ! or
" As I may so say," that is, they will make bold to speak
vhat they please concerning GOD Himself, rather than omit
what they judge, though never so falsely, to be witty. And
then they corne in hobbling with their laine submission, and
vith their " reverence be it spoken " : as if it were not much
better to leave out what they foresee is likely to be inter-
pretcd for blasphemy, or at least great extravagancy; than
to utter that, for which their own reason and conscience tell
them, they are bound to lay in beforehand an excuse.
To which may be further subjoined, that Metaphors, though
very apt and allowable, are intelligible but to some sorts of
men, of this or that kind of lire, of this or that profession.
For example, perhaps one Gentleman's metaphorical knack
of preaching cornes of the sea; and then we shall hear of
nothing but " starboard" and " larboard," of " stems,"
" sterns," and "forecastles," and such salt-water language :
ao that one had need take a voyage to Smyrna or Aleppo,
and very warily attend to all the sailors' terms, before I shall
in the least understand my teacher. Now, though such a
sermon may possibly do some good in a coast town; yet

. Eachard."l ERMONS PACKED WITH SIMILITUDES. 273 ,
Aug. x67o. J

upxvard into the country, in an inland parish, it will do no
more tban Syriac or Arabic.
Another, he falls a fighting with his text, and makes a
pitched battle of it, dividing it into the Right \Ving and
Left Wing ; then he rcars it ! flanks it ! inlrenchcs it ! slorms it !
and then he mustcrs ail again ! to see xvhat xvord was lost or
lamed in the skirmish : and so falling on again, with fresh
valour, he fights backward and forward! charges through
and through ! routs ! kills ! takes ! and then, " Gentlemen !
as you xvere ! " Noxv to such of his parish as have been in
the late wars, this is hOt very formidable ; for they do but
suppose themselves at Edgehill or Naseby, and they are hot
much scared at his doctrine : but as for others, who have not
had such fighting opportunities, it is very lamentable to con-
sider how shivering they sit without understanding, till the
battle be over!
Like instance might be easily given of many more dis-
courses, the metaphorical phrasing whereof, depending upon
peculiar arts, customs, trades, and professions, makes them
useful and intelligible only to such, who have been very well
busied in such like employments.

Another thing, Sir, that brings great disrespect and mischief
upon the Clergy, and that differs hOt much fl'om what went
immediately before, is their packing thcir serinons so full of
Si-mililudes : which, ail the World knoxvs, carry with them but
very smal! force of argument, unless there be an cxact a.grec-
mcnt with that which is comlbarcd, of which there is very seldom
anv sufficient care taken.
3esides, those that are addicted to this slender way of
discourse, for the most part, do so xveaken and enfeeble their
judgement, by contenting themselves to understand by
colours, features, and glimpses; that they perfectly omit all
the more profitable searching into the nature and causes of
things themselves. By which means, it necessarily cornes
to pass, that what they undertake to prove and clear out to
the Congregation, must needs be so faintly done, and with
such little force of argument, that the conviction or persuasion
xvill last no longer in the parishioners' minds, than the
warmth of those similitudes shall glow in their fancy. No
that he that has either been instructed in some part of his
.E.'va. G.4/. VIL 18

274 BEAUTY OF OUR SAVIOUR'S SIMILITUDES. I-J. Eac:ard.
1_8 Aug. x67o.

duty, or excited te tie performance of the same, net by any
judicious dependence of things, and lasting reason; but by
uch faint and toyish evidence: his understanding, upon ail
occasions, will be as apt te be misled as ever, and his
affections as troublesome and ungovernable.
13ut they are net se Unserviceable, as, usually, they are
Ridiculous. For people of the weakest parts are most con>
monly overborn with these fooleries; which, together with
the great difficulty of their being prudently managed, must
needs occasion them, for the most part, te be very trifling
and childish.
Especially, if we consider the choiceness of the authors
out of vhich they are furnished. There is the never-to-be-
commended-enough LYCOSTHEIES. There is also the admi-
rable piece [by FRANCIS IERES] called the Second Part
llïts Commonwcalth [1598] : I pray mind it ! it is the Second
/)art, and net the First ! And there is, besicles, a book wholly
consisting of Similitudes [? JoHl SeEICER'S Things New
nd Old, or et Storehouse of Similies, Scntcnces, A llegories, &c.,
1658] applied and ready fitted te most preaching subjects, for
the help of young beginners, vho sometimes will net make
them hit handsomely.
It is very xvell known that such as are possessed vith an
admiratiou of such eloquence, think that they are ver3,- much
encouraged in their way by the Scripture itself. " For," say
they, " did net out blessed Saviour himself use many meta-
phors and manyparables? and did net his disciples, following
his se excellent an example, de the like ? And is net this,
net only warrant enough, but near upon a command te us
.se te de ? "
If you please, therefore, we will see what out Saviour does
in this case. In St. Matthew he tells his disciples, that " they
are the salt of the earth," that " they are the light of the
world," that " they are a city set on a hill." Furthermore,
he tells his Apostles, that " he sends them forth as sheep in
the midst of wolves ; " and bids them therefore "' be as wise
as serpents, and harmless as doves." New, are net ail these
things plain and familiar, even almost te children themselves,
*;hat can but taste and see ; and te men of the lowest education
and meanest capacities !
I shall net here insist upon those special and admirable

j.E.«h..-I M.tN'S SOUL LIKENED TO AN OYSTER. 275
Aug. x67o._1

reasons for which our 8aviour ruade use of so many parables.
Only thus rauch is needful to be said, namely, that they are
very much raistaken, that, frora hence, think themselves
tolerated to turn ail the xvorld into frivolous and abominable
similitudes.
As for out Saviour, when he spoke a parable, he was
pleased to go no further than the fields, the seashore, a
garden, a vineyard, or the like; vhich are things, without
the knowledge whereof, scarcely any man can be supposed
to live in this world.
]3ut as for out Metaphorical-and Similitude-Men of the
tulpit, these things to them, are too still and languid ! they
do hot rattle and rumble! These fie too near home, and
,vithin vulgar ken! There is little on this side the moon
that xvill content them! Up, presently, to the Primu»
Mobile, and the Trepidation of the Firmament ! Dive into
the bowels and hid treasures of the earth ! Despatch forth-
vith, for teru and Jarnaica ! A town bred or country bred
similitude is worth nothing !
" It is reported of a tree growing upon the bank of
Euphrates, the great river Euphrates ! that it brings forth
an Apple, fo the eye very fair and tempting ; but imvardly
it is filled xvith nothing but useless and deceiving dust.
Even so, dust we are; and to dust we must ail go!"
Now, what a lucky discovery was this, that a man's Body
hould be so exactly like an Apple ! And, I will assure 3-ou
that this was hot thought on, till within these few years !
And I arn afraid, too, he had a kind of a hint of this,
£rorn another who had formerly round out that a man's
Soul was like an Oyster. For, says he in his prayer,
"Out souls are constantly gaping after thee, O LORD !
yea, verily, our souls do gape, even as an oyster gapeth ! "
It seems pretty hard, at first sight, to bring into a serrnon
all the Circles of the Globe and all the frightful terres of
Astronorny; but I will assure you, Sir, it is to be donc!
because it bas been. But not by every bungler and ordinary
text-divider ; but by a man of great cunning and experience.
There is a place in the prophet Malachi, vhere it will
do very nicely, and that is chapter iv. ver. 2, "But un:o
you, that fear my Naine, shall the Sun of Righteousness
arise with healing in hiswings." From which words,

276 Our S,xvlou, P_ASSED TItROUGH TItE ZODIAC! t-J-Eachrd.
[_8 Aug. x67o.

the first place, it plainly appears that our Saviour passed
through all the twelve signs of the Zodiac; and more than
that too, all proved by ver)" apt and familiar places of
Scripture.
First, then, our Saviour was in Aries. Or else, wbat
means that of the Psalmist, "The mountains skipped like
rares, and the little hills like lambs !" ? And again, that
in Second of the Kings, chap. iii. ver. 4, " And MESHA,
King of Moab, was a sheep toaster, and rendered unto the
King of Israel an hundred thousand lambs," and what
follows, "and an hundred thousand rares, with the wool !"
Mind it ! it was the King of Israel !
In like manner, was he in Taurus. Psalm xxii. 12.
" Many bulls have compassed me ! Strong bulls of
Bashan bave beset me round !" They were not ordinary
buIls. They were compassing butls! they were besctting
bulls ! they were strong Bashan bulls !
"What need I speak of GemiM ? Surely you cannot but
remember ESAu and JAcoI! Gcnesis xxv. 2 4 . "And
when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold there
were Twins in her womb !"
Or of Cancer ? when, as the Psalmist says so plinly,
" \¥hat ailed thee, 0 thou sea, that thou fleddest ? thou
Jordan ! that thou wast driven back ?" Nothing more
plain !
It were as easy to shew the like in all the rest of the
Signs.
But instead of that, I shall rather choose to make this
one practical Observation. That the mercy of GOD to
mankind in sending His Son into the world, was a very
signal mercy. It was a :odiacal mercy! I say it was
truly zodiacal; for CHRIST keeps within the Tropics [ He
goes hot out of the Pale of the Church ; but yet he is
hot always at the same distance from a believer. Some-
times he withdraws himself into the @og«um of doubt,
sorrow, and despair; but then he cornes again into the
lerfgem of joy, content, and assurance; but as for
heathens and unbelievers, they are all arctic and ant-
arctic reprobates !"
Now when such stuff as this, as sometimes it is, is vented
in a poor parish, where people can scarce tell, what day of

j. Eachard.-] \,rONDERFUL TtIINGS DONE BY IIETAr::ORS. 77
Aug.167o._ --

the month itis by the Almanack ? how seasonable and savoury
it is likely tobe !
It seems also hot very easy for a man in his sermon to
learn [teach] his parishioners how to dissolve gold, of what,
and hoxv the stuff is made. Now, to ring the bells and call
the people on purpose together, would be but a blunt
business ; but to doit neatly, and when nobody looked for it,
that is the rarity and art of it !
Suppose, then, that he takes for his text that of St. latthcw,
" Repent ye, for the Kingdom of GOD is at hand."
Now, tell me, Sir, do you not perceive the gold to be in
a dismal fear! to curl and quiver at the first reading of
these words! It must corne in thus, " The blots and
blurs of our sins must be taken out by the aqzm-fortis of
our tears ; to which aqua-fortis, if you put a fifth part of
sal-ammoniac, and set them in a gentle heat, it makes
aqua-regia which dissolves gold."
And nmv it is out ! Wonderful are the things that are tobe
done by the help of metaphors and similitudes! And I will
undertake that, with a little more pains and considerations,
out of the very saine vords, he could hav