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BODl, URR|
; OXfGRO I

A N

ESSAY

O F

HEALTH

AND

LONG LIFE.

By George Cheyne, M.D. F.R.S.

^Aa-Joicjis 'T}4««fj cl7(fiQjin TopjiJigj oLokvIa II^
vm. Hlppoc.

At Imbecillis [quo in Numero magna ^ars
Urbanorum^ omnejque pene Cupidi Li-
ter arum funt) Obfervatio major necef-
faria eft: ut quod vel corporis y vel
Loci, vel Stuaii Ratio detrahit, Cu-
ra reftituat^ CelH

L O N "D O N.

Printed for George Strahan, at
the Golden 5i//ovcr-againft the Royal
Exchange in Cornhill ; and J. L e a k e,
Bookfellcr at Bath. 1724.

NB«KP

■

\^.

T O TH E

Right Honourable

• *

Sir JosephJekyll,

Mafteroftbe^OLL^y.
This Treatise

is inlcribed

As a Teftimony of Refpe^l,
and Gratitude,

B Y

His moft obliged
faithful humble Servant,

George Cheyne.

REFACE-

HIS heing probably the
lafl Time I may tref^afs
mtheVubliek, Ilt>ok«£-
m myjdf injome Mea-
fure obliged U jettU my
Accounts "Jtntb the World ds an Au-,
thor, before I make my Exit, ly en-
deavouring to/hcw 1 have not ahiaays,
offended out of Trefum£tio», l^amty,
or Wasitmnefs.

The

The PREFACE.

Thefirfl Time laJveutwsd m Trittt,
•was m the Accmnt of my great Ma-
Jler md cenerau! Friend, Dr. Pit-
cairn. He that^ht himfelf ill-ufed fy
fame of his Brethren of the TrofcJJion
•who then were at intefline Way m
the SuijeS of Fevers ; md fancied the
bandfomeft IVay to bring them down,
was to exhibit a morcj£ecims Account
of this Difeafe, than any of them bad.
jhewn. His Bufmefs then in the Tra-
Sice of Phyflck was fo great, as net
to allow himfufficicnt Time for fucb a
Work, Two others therefore, with
myfelf, were joined to manage the Af'
fair: In which he voas to cut and
came, cmd to add the froMkal Tart,
My TrmnrKe 'was the Theory. I "was
then very yourff in the 'profeffion, and
Uving in the Country. But in a few
'Days Thought in rtry Tart Jinijhed, as
it now a^£eitrs, under the Title of

-il

The

The PREFACE. Ui

The New Theory of Fevers. The

ethers eitber fup^ejs^d or forgot ihars^
and ntitu, without the lec^ jSterationy
hut in a few Words, was ordered for r*
the Trefs. I could not refiB the Com-
mands of my Friend 'f mt would not
fi^er my ilame to he pi to it, beaig
confcious it was a raw and unexft*
rieiKed performance. There are thc^j
fome Thif^s in it which may he ofUfe
to Beginners, both as to the Method of
pbilofo^hifijg on the ammd Oecom-
my, and in the Accoum of the Mam*
ner of the Operation of the greater Me*
dicmes. The Foundations alfo and the
Calces ajjlgned for acute ana flow Fe*
vers, J ftill think fotid andjt^, and
more fartictdar and limited than thofs
of any ether Theory yet fuUiJbed, Bui
it wants fo much fling and ftmfhingy
fo mam Alterations and Additions , as
would coft me more haboitr and Tarns
than the vaitit^ a new Treatife on the

fame

iv The PREFACE.

fame SuijeS : So that out of mere Lm-
zinefs and InaJ'^etemyj I have thrown
it by as unrife Fruit, and [uffered it U
he as if it never had been.

iWy neptt Sally -was in a Book of
abflradied Geometry and Algebra, tM-
titled, Methodus Fluxionum. Inver-
la, bromht forth in Ambition and bred
u£ in Canity. There arefome Things
in it tolerable for the Time, when the
Methods of Quadratures, the Menju'
ration of Rations, and Transformation
ofCurves,into thofe of other Kinds, VDcre
not advanced to fuch Heights as they
now are. But it is a long Time fime
J was forced to forgoe thefe barren and
airy Studies for more fubjlantial and
commodioui Speculations : Indulgingand
Rioting in thefe fo exquifitely bewitch'
ing Contemplations, being only proper
for publick Trofeffors, and thofe born
to Eftates, and -who are under no out-
ward

e PREFACE. V

^wardNecejJlues. BeJideSy to own a
great but grievom Truths tho" they may
quicken and Jhar^en the Invention^
ftrengthen and ep^tend the Imagination^
improve and refine the reafoning Facul-
ty ^ and are of Ufe both in the. necejjary
and the lumriom Refinement of me--
chanical Arts ; yet having no Tendency
to reSlify the iVilly fwecten the Tern-
feTy or mend the Hearty they often
leave a StiffnefsjTofitivenefs^ and Suf^
ficiency on weak Minds ^ ynuch more
pernicious to Society^ a^td the Interefls
of the great End of our Beings than all
the Advantages they bring them can
recommence. They are indeed Rdge^Toolsy
not to be trufted in the Hands of any ^
hut thofe "who have already acquired an
humble Hearty a lowly Sprity and a
fiber and teachable Temper. For in o^
thers they are very a£t to beget a fe^
tret and refined ^ride^ an over-ween-*
ing and over-bearin^ V^anity {the moH

a o^^o^

•i

vi The PREFACE.

op2^pte Temper to the true Gof^eU
Spirit J whicby without Offence^ Imay
fup^ofe to he the heSi ^Dif^oftion of
Mind) that temps them to jprefume
on a Kind of Omnifcience in Ref^eB
of their Fellow-Creatures^ that have
not rifen to their Elevation ; and tofet
up for an InfaUihility ^ or at leajl a de^
cifive judgment ^ even in Matters which
do not admit of a more or lefs {their
proper Objedi) of which Kind whixt^
ever relates to the infinite Author of
our Being moB certainly is. Upon all
which Accounts^ confciom of my own
JVeaknefsj I have long Jince bid them
an AdieUy farther tha^ as they ferve
to amufey or are ufeful in the abfolute
j^ecejities of Life.

The Defence of that Book againB
the learned and acute Mr. Abr. de
Moivre, being written in a Spirit of
Tjevity and Refentmenty I mo§f fm^

cerely

^/^

The PREFACE, vii

cenly retraSl^ and isuifh undone^ J^fa^
as it is £erfonal or ^eevtjh^ and ask
him and the World Tardon for it ;
as I do for the Defence of Z)r. Pit-
cairnV Diflertations^ and the New
Theory of Fevers, againB the late
learned and ingeniom 'Dr. Oliphant,
/ heartily condemn and detcB all £er^
fond ReflcMonSy all malicious and tm-
mannerly Terms y und all falfe and
tmjuH Re^refentationSy oi unbecoming
Gentlemeny Scholars^ and Chriflians ;
and dif^rove and undo both ^erforman^
ces^ oi far as in me lieSy in every
Thing that does not jlridly and barely
relate to the Argument.

The frft Tart of the Philofophi-
cal Principles, that o/Natural Re-
ligion, conpjls merely of Difcourfes
and LeSlures of Natural Philofo-
phy, and of its Confequences on Reli-
gion^ occafiorudly read or difcourfed

a 3 to

^•

viii The P R.E F A C E,

to that moB nolle and great Terfon^
the Duke (^/Roxburgh^ "who is no^m
jo great an Ornament to his Country^
and his high Employments^ to 'whom
they were infcribed. I thought they
might be of life to other young Gentler
men^ who^ while they "were learning
the Elements of natural Thilofo^hyy
might have thereby the Trinci^les of
natural Religion infenfibly inflilled in^
to them. And accordingly it has been
and isfliU ufedfor that TurPofe at both
Univerfties. tJpon which Account^
u£on pv^er Gccafions^ I will not fail
to improve it in all the new ^ifcove-
ries in Ep^^erimental Thilofo^hy^ or in
the final and natural Caufes of Things
as ha^£en to be fnade^ fo as ta leave it
(IS Utile im^erfcdi in its Kind as I
poffiUy can.

The fecond Tart of the Philofo
phi^al Principles^ to wity that ff
* ' Re-

The PREFACE, ix

Revealed Religion^ wm added aftcr^
"wardj tojhewj that all our Knowledge
of Nature "was by Analogy^ or the
Relations oj Things only^ and not their
real Mature^ Subflance^ or internal
^rinci^les : That from this Method
of Analogy {the onJy Medium of hu^
xnam Knowledge) wefhouldhe necejfa^
rily ledy to conclude the Attributes or
Qualities of the fupreme and abfolute
Infinite^ "were indeed amlogoiu to the
^ro^erties (fr ^^ualities 6f finite Beir^s^
but only infuoh a Manner as the 2)i^^-
rence between Infinite and Finite re--
quires j and that therefore^ not being
able to know ^recifely thefe differences ^
"weotdght implicitly to believe without
reafoning what is revealed to m concern^
ing the Nature oj the infinite Being j
or bring our lieafon to Jubmit to the
My fi cries of Faith. How I have fuc^
ceeded is not forme to determine. As the
End was honcB^ I amfecure the great

"Prin^

X The P R E F A C K

Tr indoles and the fundamental TrOj^o^
jitions are true and jujl. They may
"want a little farther clearing u£ and
Explication : But as yet I have met
^th no Reafon to retraB any Thing
material ; elfe Ijhould mojl certainly
do it.

The Eflay on the Gout and Bath
Waters was brought forth iy mere
Accident. The firfi ^ramht beings as
I there mentioned^ only a ra£er ^ 7)i^
reBions jor a Gentleman^ my Friend
and Tatient^ troubled with the Gout.
It was enlarged upon different Occa-
fionSy and publijhed to prevent its be-
ing pyrated ^ f ever al Copies having been
given out to others in the fame Gircum"
fiances. I have the Sati^aBion to
htow from many different Hands ^ that
it has benefited great Mumbers ofin--
firm and affided Terfons ; and /hall

there-

The PREFACE, xi

therefore go on to ctdtivate it as far as
my ^oor Abilities will permit.

I am now come to this my laB Tro-
duRion\ whofe Origin was as cafuat
as that of my former. My good and
worthy Friend^ the ^refent Majler of
the Rolls, having been lajl Autumn
at Bath^/J^r a Confirmation of his Healthy
at his Defeature dejired of me to draw
u£ fame Tn/lru^ions in writing to direB
him in theConduB of his Health for
the future^ and in the Manner offu^-
porting his Sprits free and fully under
the great Bufinefs he is engaged in. I
was then in the Hurry of our Seafon^
and could not fo foon anfwer his Es-
feBatiwiy tM his real Worthy and my
fncere Ejieem required. I thought my-
f elf therefore the more obliged as foon as
I had Ueifurey to esert myfelf to the
uttermoH in Obedience to his Com^
mands. At firH I drew u^ moH of

thefe

xii ThePREFACE.

tbcje Rules at the End of the fevered
Chafers ; but^ upn Reflepcion^ thought
it not Ref^ed enough to his good Tafie
and Capacity to judge of the Reafons
of Things^ to p'efcribe him hare and-
dry Diredions in Matters of fo great
Moment, ladded therefore the^hilo^
fo^hical Account and Reafons of thefe
Rules y "which make u£ the Bulk of the
Chafers themfelves. He^ out of his
Love to his Fellow-Citizens (which is
onejhining Tart of his CharaSer^ and
which I ought to fup^ofe has in this
Infiance only im£ofed on his better
judgment) de fired they might be mack
piblick. Upon which Account fever al
Things have been fince added^ to maize
the whole of more general Ufe. Ifthere^
fore any Thing in this Treat if e be tole^
r able J or if any Terjon receive Benefit
ly it^ they owe it entirely to that epc^
cellent Terfon^ U£on whofe Account

folely

The PREFACE, xiii

folely it iwiii undertaken, and at isuhofe
RequeB it is ^ulUjhed.

I have indeed long and often oh'
ferved, with great Tity and Regret,
many very learned, ingenious, and even
religiotui Verfons, who heing -weak and
tender {as fitch generally are) have fitf-
fated to the lafl Extremity for Want
of a due Regimen of 'Diet, and other
generaiDireHions of Health, who had
goodScnfe enough to under/land the Force
and MeceJJtly of fuch Rules, valued
Health ftijjicientiy J and defpfed fen-
fual Gratifications for tlx rleafures
of the Mind fo far, m to he able and
willing to abfiam from every Thing
hurtfidy deny themfelves any Thing
their jl^^etitcs craved, and to con*
form to ayvy Rules for a tolerable de-
gree of Health, Eafe, and Freedom of
Sprits j and yet beir^ ignorant brim
b to

sir Hic P k M 1« i OE.

i(f cmMi ihetfifelveSy from ixibat ta
abjlain and i/bbat to ufcy thiy have
fleered, even to mortal Jigomes ; . isthoy
md tim hem letter ctife&ed and in-
jfruSea, had£afs'd their Lives in to*
lerdBle Eafe and ^iet. It is fir
fhefcy and thefe only, the foU&imf^
Treatife is depgned. The Kohufl, the
JuHM&^duhy the 'Pot-Coni^daiioits, the
t^ofcy ami the Abandoned, have here
nS Bufiiefs ; theii^ Time is not yet
qkne. But the ^tcUy and the /^d^
ihe. Sfkdiom aHd ihe Sedentary, ^er*
Jons of weak Merves, and the Gen"
ilemen of the teamed 'Brofejjkms, I
hopey hy the divifie BleJJiv^ on the
f^'wi^ Treafife, may he eTiaUed to
nUorub their Studies and Trofejj^ons
*w^b greater Security and A^^lica*
tim* and yet ^refervc their Health
am treedom' of Spirits more entire dnd
to, a longer Date. I am morally cer*

tain.

TtifPREFiiCE. »y

tarn-, had J hntnm avd hen as mM
faiiified 4 the. Nmffity of the J?^/
here laid dovm, thirty Tears ^aga^ '4^
t am vfymp I had fiffered lefs, <m/
had had a greater freedom cf ^rit^
tha» J have etj^/d. But every 2%(i^
ishSfi. (t$\4Jt hofi ieffty e^itcejp; th^ .^^
rvs gM,Bulifigs,Qf our free ff^^Sp

• \ •

I5mw no iMd Means ^He^h

awi Jbmijg Ufe 1 ha^ie omittedy m;
atiy £emiciom Cufiom I have not noted i
and have given the pUineB and moB
f0nUiar Reafins J could ur^for the
JSjdes J have here laid down. Mo&
Qf'ifny ^guments (ojithey needs rwif)
hsfffe i^ieniHfit of the animal Fun&ims
andOecmmy: And I have ufed as
Uttte Stfhulty (i^yR^^m^H^ in wy
Ex^ieatums of fhefe, <« the frefettt
State ofj^aturd Tl^ofofhy comdad"
mit, I have bemofie^ contented li^tb

hi -plain

xvi The PREFACE.

plain and obvious FaBs to account for
A^earanceSy and the Cautions thence
deStced*^ vohen^ according to the Hu"
mottr of the^efent ^Cylnught have
run into rejmed Spjectdations of Mita-
phyftcksy or Matbemaiichs ; being con"
tented with the CrafTo Modo philo-
fbphari ; hecauje we JhaU never he
aUe to fearch out the JVorhs of the
Almightj/ to TerfeBion, fo as to fe-
netrate the interned Nature of Things.

I have confdted nothing bet rny
own Efi£erience and Objervation on
my own crazy Carcafe and the Injar-
tnitids of mhers I have treated, in the
foSowing RuleSy their Reafans and
^i»lofo£hyy (fo that if ai/iy Thing is
borrowed, it has occurred to me as my
own) but in fo far as Authorities go
to /horten ^bilofophical Accounts. Not
but that all fydematick Writers in

Tfyfick,

■ThePREFACE. xvii

'Phyjicky and many particular Authors,
have treated the fame SubjeB I But
their Rules, hejides that they are of-
ten inconftflcnt -with Reafon, or con"
trayy to Experience, are fo general,
ana exprefs'd in fo unlimited and un-
defined TermSj a^ leave little or no
Certainty in tbem ; isubcn ii^fly^d to
particular Cafes, they want the necef'
Jary 'Precipon and ExaMnefs, and fo
Became ufelefs or^er^lesing : and lafi'
ly, isuhen they come, (which is rarely
to be found among them) to give the
Reajons and 'Phdofo^by of their 1)1-
reSions, they have not the Terfpcuity
and natural Way of convincing the in-
genious, ficUy, and tender Sufferers^
fo necefjary to make them dxarfuUy
and readily undergo fuch fevere Re-
flrcdnts ; which I take to he by far
the moH difficult Tart of fuch a Work,
and vohicb I have laboured with my
jHtmoH Tower tofu££ly.

xviii The PREFACE.

Ihww not what majt he the Patg
midSucceJs of this IPtrfermmce ; nw
am I Jolicitms about it, ieit^ confcioui
the 'Dtfign was honeH, the Mp^
w^ightjy aad the Esemtion the ieit
my rime f myj^ilities, andnr^ Hedtif
wotdd permit y which camtot hear shf
Ijai^ur af much fUeing amd Ftnijhi
peing careful not tQ imrtmh m t
'Province of the Thyfcimy I have conr
cecded nothing my Knowledfge jcould
fmgeB to direSi the Sufferer^ yn tht
leu Mditner I could, U preferpg k»s
JJedth and lengthen out his Lip i
And! have held out no fdfe or delui-
fory Ughts to lead him aflrayy Qrtorr
went him unnecejfarily.

■
»

If it were foJfihU any Set of Mm
C9tddle offended ^t my jPerffrnfoncey
it nMt oe pty ,Brct]jre^ of the Tro^

TitePB[EFACE.xix

feffwn^ far endeavownng to leffen the
Materia Morbifica, But as this
'sooidd he the moB malicious^ unjuB,
atid tmworthy Reflexion could he
thrown on Schdars cmd Gentlemen of
a liberal Education ', fo I never enter*
taifCdthe mofi remote Vamty to think
any Endeavour of mne 'would mtdic
fo confiderable a Change in the Ma-
tion ; efpeciaUy vahen the Devil, the
World, and the Flejh 'were on the o*
ther Side of the ^ueftioUy which have
flood their Qrmmd even a^ainB the
Rules cfLife md JmmorU^ brot^ht
to Light by the Gofpel.

I cannot conclude this tediom 'Pre-
face without begging Pardon of the
Reader for troubling him with my fri-
vate Matters. AU lean fay as anA^o^
logy is, that of whatfoever Indiffe-
rence my Concerns as an Author may

XX The PREFACE.^

le to him, yet they were not jo to
me ; this being the only 'Plate aad
Time I may have to mjuB them in,
and it being the Jicighth of my jAmbi-
tion,

Nil confcire mihi, nulla pallcfcere culpa.

THE

CONTENTS-

IJNTRODIJCTION.

. It i'i e0lf ii freferm

thm riiiipir tiedtw, to

prevent tiSU » cure i)if-

__ eafes. P- ^

The Cmfdemtions ihdt Jlidutid the

Author to fuUijb tfiisTfeitife, and

accommodate it to geitir'^ Ufe. ibid,

s. The Method Si it to froceed in,

and the Reafms for it. 3

3. The Folly of an over-ftrufulous, and

ihi Reafons for a moderate andpro-

per Care of our Health. +

A dmUe Advantage if that Care, y

CHAP,

The CONTENTS.

CHAP. I.
Of A I R.

f. I. The Necejftty of a careful Choice of
the Air we are to live in. p. 6

2. Proofs from Experience , of the In-
fuence of the Air on the animalOe-
conomy. ib.

3 . Rules to be obferved in the Choice of
the Situation of a Houfe. 7

4. Eaflerly fVinds moji dangerous to
Health in England. 9

The Time they prevail mofi, andisjhen

the Wefterly and Southerly Winds

blow moft conftantly. ro

How to prevent and remedy the ill

Effe£fs of cold and moift Air. ib.

5. PVhat is to be done to avoid theun-
wholefome Influence of the Fog that
commonly hangs over London in the
Winter Time. 11

That tender Verfons ought to be carC'
ful of the Healthimfs of their Fa-
ViilieSf and all that are much about
them 3 of Cleanlinefs ; and to avoid-
ing damp Rooms t Beds^ Linnen^ &c.
ib.
6. The

The CONTENTS.

6. The Manner of catching Col4, or
howferfpirationis obftruEled. p. i j

An Obfervatim concerning the Effeil
of rich Food and generous Wines in
the Time of a Tlague, 1 4

Why "People in 1)rink are not ready
to catch Cold. ib.

H011U the ObfiruStion of l^erfpiration
contributes to the producing Vapours
and all nervous and hyfierick Dif-
orders. i 5

Rules for Health and Long Life with
17

RefpeSi to Air.

CHAP.
Of Meat and

11.
Drink.

. To preferve Health, the ^antity
and Nature of our Food, both Meat
and l^rinkj muft be proportioned to
the Strength of our 'Digeftion. 1 p
The Sources of Chron!cal'T)tfeafes. ib.
2. Three general Rules by which the Va-
letudinary and Infirm may judge of
the feveral Kinds of vegetable and
animal Food, and find which are
moft proper for them. 2 1

'ication of thefe Rules -, where

e Applic

ts fbewedj that thofe Vegetables and
c z Animals

The CONTENTS.

Animals that cume fionefi to Ma-
turity are more eafily d^ejied than
thofe that ripen wfire kifurely ^ p . 2 2

The fmall^ oj^ each J^ind than the
large ft ; 23

Thfi Food of any ^nipuU than the
Animal itfelf% t^ Animals that
live on Vegetables than thoJ\ t^at
live on other Aninfals s thpfe that
live on Food of an eafy ^igeftion
than thofe that eat ftronger Food. 24

Land' Animals than Fijhes and am-
phibious Animals s ib.

Vegetables and Animals of a dry, fleflsyy
fibrous Subftancey than thofe whofe
Subftance is oily^faty and glutinous :

Thofe of a light and whit i^, than thofe
of a brown or reddi^ Colour : ib.

Thofe of a mildoftdfoft^ thantlgpfe cf

ftrongy poignant^ arqmaffck, qr hot

Tafte. 2 6

3 . The proper Way of feeding Animals

and raifing Vegetables,foas they may
become the mo ft whole fome Food. 2 8

The Cookery fitt eft for that Turpofe. ib.

How the Appetite is to be preferved
good and keen. 29

4, OftheG^antity ofMiot^ ingetieraL ib.

5^ The

Thf CONTENTS

5. Tk^ gffAt Advantage of [pare an4
fiwpk ^i^t^ fkewn in fever al Ex-

an^ks ofPerfons that have by that
Means lived healthy to a great Age
in iJ^arm CiimAteSj p. 3 o

6. Inftancesto thefam pwfofe in cold

Clipmfes. 31

7. A particidar determination of the
Weight of Meat proper ffi for weak,
ten^r.4vdfedenfary People. 33

%. The MiCchiefs of Repletion, or living

toofntly. is

How to fifpply the Tlace of Medicines
by "Diet. ib.

9. Of the Ufe of Turgative Medicines
when one has exceeded* 3 6

The Form of an expellent Medicine for
this Vurpofe. 37

Sir Charles Sca^ boroughV Advice t^
the T)utchefs of Portfmputh. ib.
IP. • How Jiudious Terfons may know
when they have eat too much. 3 g
How the Appetite may become the right
Meafure of Eating. ib.

II. How we may judge by our Eye of
tbejuft §luantityof Meat very near-
ly ^ without the continual Trouble of
weighing it. 39

Of TorkandFijb : their Unftnefsfor
weak and valetudinary Teople. 40

12. The

The CONTENTS. ^

h z . The great Advantage of drinking Wa-
ter in preferving the Appetite, and
fttengthening and promoting theHi-
gejiim. p. 43

The pernicious Effeiis of drinking Spi-

* rits for thefe 'Purpofes 43

^ There is no Manner ofl^anger in break-
ing off fo pernicious a Cuftom all at
once J as is pretended. 45

" Sir W. TcmpleV Rule for drinking
after 'Dinner. 47

I J. The ill EffeSis of drinking fVine
plentifully to digeft too full a Meal. ib.

14. The bad Confequences of the common
Ufe of firong-hodied IVines unmixed^
and the "Preference of light fVines of
middling Strength J orftrong fVines
diluted i^ith Water. 4<>

1 5 . That 'Drinking, efpecially of fpiritu-
Otis Liquors, to raife the Spirits in
Vapours and Melancholy, increafes in-

ftead of curing the Difeafe. 5 1

Cordials are not effeSiual Medicines
that ftrike at the Root of a difeafe s
but only prefent Reliefs to mitigate
continual Suffering, and gain Time
for a more effeBtial Courfe. J4

16. OfPunch, and the mifchievous Con-
fequences of drinking it. 5 5

The CONTENTS.

Of the immoderate and indifcreet UJk
of the acid Juices. p. 5 <S

The Caufe of the Frequency of Belly^
aches yTalJies^ Cramps^ Convulfions^
and other nervous ^ijlempers in the
Weft-Indies i andthe Cure of them.

17. The Uf^tnefs of Malt Liquors for
weak otomachs. ed

IS. OftheUfeandAbufeofCoffee.Tea^
and Chocolate y and{jbytheay)of To-
bacco and Snuff . 61

1 9. Of the due Proportion of watry Li-
quors to our Meat ^ and the beJlTime
for drinking it. 67

This Quantity is to be different accord-
ing as we eat moftly of boiled or of
roafted Meat. tf S

What Meats are fit t eft to boil and what
to foaft. ib«

20. The Form of a Cordial^ where fuch
Medicines are fit to be ufed. 7 ^

Of the proper Ufeofit. ib,

Kulesfor Health and Long Life with

ReJpeSi to Meat and Drink. 7 z

C HA R

TlieCOKtENTS.
CHAP. lil.

\^ •

' ••)

J. X. Of the Ufe and Necefa/ of Reft

find Sleep to Animals. V'77

bffBe CareWo)ight iotahthmake

'^ethinj^.: 78

The eat trig htmJmSupphsf^uftratei

the Ends of Sleep. ib.

2, An Account of the very hiH/rtful Ef

. feBsofthdtTramce. ib.

The Caufe ofu%fbund and difturied Reft j

Cramps y Suffocations^ Stortings in

Sleepy and Might-Maris s Sicknefs i)

'at Stomach iri the Mof^hi/^, and '

Heaviriefs all the ^ay. 79

The effeBudl Means of pteventing all

thefe. 80

3 ": Thepropir Seafon for Ski^. i i

The To^crsfndit more hurtful to fit up

^^ latCy though fobery than to go to Bed

half drum But early. 82

4. The Strong andRobuft may without

danger fometimes negle^ the due

Seafon of Sleep ingh yet the Weak and

Tender never can, with Safety, ib.

$.^^Such Teople muft go early to Bedy

and rife early y by which Means their

Sleep

The CONTENTS.

Sleep will be more refrejbingj and
need not be fo long, as if they went
later to Bed. p. 83

6. The ill Effe6is of loitering a Bed in
a Morning, and the Advantage of ri-
fing early. 84

7* A daily Regimen for the Studious. 8 5

ACautionMout the Aged and Sickly. 86

Rules for Health and Long Life, with

Regard to Sleep and Watching. 8 7

CHAP. IV.
Of Exercise and Quiet*

J. I. Exercifeas necejfary to Health now,
as Food itfelfy whatever may have
been the Cafe in the State of Inno-
cence. 89

The Effects of it in preferving the
Blood and other Juices fluid, the
Joints fupple and pliant, and the

, Fibres in a due Tenfion. 90

2. Of the Time and Occaflon of allow-
ing Men the Ufe of animal Food and
ftrong Liquors. 9 1

The Reafon why they were allowed to
them. pa

d 3.0/

•<! -

The CONTENXa

$. Of the fiver al Sorts af Exercifi in

Ufiy and of the Choice af them. 94

The Reafon why Children-^ delight fa

Ttmch in runnings jumping^ cltmhin^^

and all Sorts of n^xerfije. ? 95

4. Several Inftances of the Beneft of
Exercife on the Lmbsm0fi emfkyrd
^in divers laborious Employments^ 96

5. The Ufe of this Obfewation, in op-
propriating different Exercife s to dif-
fer ent Kinds of Weakneffes in the
fe veral Varts of the Body, 9 7

That there ought to be ftated Times of
Exercifes: and which are the pre-
perefi. 98

6. Three Conditions of Exercife that it
may have its full Effe£f. 1^9

?• The Ufifulnefs of Cold Bathing ;

1. to keep the Verfpirat ion free and
open. loi

2. to promote a free Circuldtion of
the Juices throe^gh the fnmllefi
Veffels. ib.

V I. to prevent catching of Cold^ by

ftrengthning the Fibres andfirait^

ing the perfpiratoty ^uBs. i o z

»v How oftj in what QafeSy and in

'udmt ^Manner ; Cold Bathing fbould

: : be ufed. ib.

9. Of

Tte CONTENTS.

9. Of the Flep^-^ufh^ i^nd the great
Ufefidnefs of it. 104

jin Obfervation of its conjiderable Ef
feBsm Horfis. ib.

T^at it ought Us well as Coid Bathing)
t^ he ufed oft the Animals whofe
Flejb we eat. 105

Ruks for lieakfe and Loflg Life re-
lating to Excrcife. 106

C H A IP. V.

Of our EvACiiTATioNs a^d

their ObftmSions.

J. I . That the PiRjces in healthy People

are of a moderate Conjijienee. 1 09

TheCi^es^fci^ive and purging St4>ols^

and how they difcover the Xs^odnefs

^ Badnefs efthe Regimen we ufe. ib.

€)f the Reafon why Mercury fltrges in-

fiead 4>f Salivating. iii

That the fame Reafon willumke even

Reft f ingests dnd Opiates purgative.

ib.

2. A dangerous Miftake in thefe that

would gfe^ fhtitp and fat. ib.

Another in thi r^ttfing ^p of Children.

112
d 2 The

The CONTENTS.

The right Method of begetting a proper
§iuantity of good and found Fleflj.

p. 113
/.3. Loofe and pw^ative Stools difcover

' V, intemperate Eating. 115

Of the prefent Relief the Hjfjlerical

and LoW'Jpirited find in good Eat-

ing and Tfrinkingy and the Mifchief

that follows on it. • ib.

The common Caufe of Head- Ache s^

Stomach' Ache s^ andColicks. 116

4. The rtght Method of bracing relaxed

Nerves. 11 j

: How oft healthy and temperate Teo-

pie go to Stool. ib.

5. How long it is from the eating of a
Meal till the difcharging the Faces
of it. . 118

That the bad EffeSis of an intempe-

rate Meal are felt mojl the. "Day

; the Excrements of it are thrown
out. ... :, , . 119

The Confequences of this Obferva-

tim* .ib.

6. Some AHwents that ft not eafy on

the Stomach may affordgood Nourijh-

. ment. 1:^0

y, 8. Of the fever al Sorts of Urine y and
!wi^tjheyjigmfy.. .. 121

The

the CONTENTS,

The ^ij^r^nce 1?H-J!)^m hfjfertck fFd-
ter dttd f hat made in ^" Biabctcs.

' ^: The Regimen frhpef 'for th^e ihat
make pale high'Cvl6ufed"ar"tutif(iPFa'

^' t^. " ' ^' ': '^" ^' "; /* 124

' 1 6. Ofibi Tf anger thby 0te in that make
aatk brown or dirty rb^Wntef. 125
J Of other Kinds of fVnfef. ., ib.

1 1 * Ofdn uncommon Eni dentation both by
\ifge and Urine y and theCa^fescf

'^ • tt. 125

12. ObflruBed Terfpiration the (2aufe of
moft acute T^'tfeafes\ and the ^ffeti
of chronical ones. 128

13. Catching of Cold what y dndhowdkn-
gerous. 129

A prefent and eafy Remedy kg/^nfi

it. . ib.

The danger of delaying the Xlure of

it. ib,

14- The Way to maintain free Yerjpira-

tion. 130

The Confequences of its ObJlruStion. ib.

An Objirvdtion concerning the life and

final Caufe -of cbnvutfive Motions^

Coughing J Sneezing, Laughing j

Tawnif§, Stfetchirigi^tc., v\ i 3 1

15. Of a critical Salivation h^^ening

to T^rfons of relaxed Fibres. 132

'■'■-^' The

-v

The CONTENTS

The Regard that ought to ie hai to
the Eje in (I^ronicalCaff. 135

^he Reafonof the Appearance of Spots y
Flie^y AtomSy ^c. before the Ej^s
jof hyfifrical Terfons^ and of their

, fDimnefs andC^nfuJion of Sight- 13^

Whence hyfierical Teople have the Senff
of Qhoaking md Stranding. ib.

Of the UfefuTnefs ofthejor^fnentmied
SaUviition. is7

OftM right JVay efm^n^tng it. 138

Rules for Health and Long Life with
Regard to 5^aci4atioo§, j 3 9

C H A p. VI.

■»<• V

\ : «

Of the P A s 5 1 o N $.

'I'V-

^. J . The ^ajjions hav£ a great Influence
on Health. 144

J^otfT fundamental Tropofj!tiont of the
T>oSirine of the Tafftons. ib.

Prop. L The Soul refides in a particu-
lar Manner in the Braifh where it
ferceives Motjon^ excited by out-
ward Ohje.&f^a'^ afcording to their
Jfnprej^ons e^^itf$ Mottms in the

Schol.

Th6 CONTENTS.

Schol. With Regard to the different
Natures af out mar d ObjeBs^ or the
Subje£i [nody or Mind") they imme-
diately offeBy the TaJJions are di-
wded into fpiritual and animal. 145

!^Dp, IL Wherein the Union of^ the
Soul and Body confijls. 146

SchoL Some La^s of that Union. 1 47

Prop. III. In Spirits there is andSiive
filf-metiiie "Trinciph. tb.

Sdtiol. ATroof of Phis Trincipie^from
the Exiftence of Mutton. 1 48

l?irDp. IV. There is in Spirits a ^tmci^
fie analogous to Attrtt^ion. 149

Schol. The Neceffty of this Trinci-
pie. ' 15.0

The Remains of it in our fallen
State. ibt

Corol. I. The Natnere offpiritual Good
and Evil. 151

Corol. IL A ^ivifion^ of the^ Tajlons
into ^leafurabk and Tamfuly viz.
Love and Hatred^ arid the ^penn^
dents on^ them. ib.

%. The Taffions with RefpeSi to their
Effects on theBoi^ maybe dptfidedin-
tvAcut^andChtonical,astheypffoduce
this or that Kind of mifeafes. 153

The EpHs of acuta T'affioftt. ib.

TheQmsfrofaS^ ib.

The

The CONTENTS. 1

The Caitfe of a Blujh. 1 5+

The 'Pulfe accelerated and the Breath

fhort in Anxiety. ib.

The EffeSls of Fear and Anger, i > s
J. The EffeBs of chronical'^ affions. ib.
Of fixing the Attention on one Thought

or Idea. I i (S

Of Grief, Melancholy J unfuccefiful

Love, Tride. ib.

The EffeB of continued A^iony in the

Indian Faquiers. i S7

Of Religious Melancholy. ib.

4. The Tender and Valetudinary ought
carefully to avoid all Excefs ofVaf-
fi'om and-vi'hy. ib.

The Acute Tajfons more dangerous
than the Chronical. i s 9

5 . The different EffeBs of the Tafftons
on different Conftitutions. ib.

1 . on thofe of moji elaflick Fibres, ib.

2 . on thofe ofjiiff, rigid Fibres, i do

3 . on thofeoffluggifh, refty Fibres, ib.

6. That the T>iforders or IVeakneffes of

the Nerves employed in the mental
Operations may, in fome Cafes, be
remedied by 'Phyjick. ib.

7. fVhat fpirilual Love, or Charity, is.

161

. Tbo' at firfi it has the Appearance of

a common 'PaJ/ion ; yet in its Ter-

feBion

W The CONTENXa

•feHion it proves the Exercife of a
particttiar Faculty in the Soul pro-
per to itfelf. p. 1 61,.
That all Obje6is keinz to be loved in
proportion to their Beauty, God mufi^ , '
be loved infinitely, and all Creatures,
ersen ourfehes, in Com^arifon to him^ ^
not at all. 163
S. Tet there is an aHo'j^idle andjuji-,-
Self-love. i'S;5 ^
The Mtaftres of it. ib,^ .
The Love of God for his o-wn SakCj
and without Regard to out o-jtjn

■ 'llappixefs, is noi'u::ithJi'andiTig infe-
farakk in its Nature from our Hap- ^
fiTifp- 166

AH' Benuty conji/fs in Harmony, and
all 'Pleafure in the 'Perception of
that Harmony. 167

9. The Advantages of fpirituat Love
with Regard to Healrb. i d s

h removes all Anxiety and' Saitcitude^ j

169
// hanijhes a^ thofi' Vices that n^ofi^

ruin Health. ib, J

It gives continual yo^ i 'VJhich is i^d\

Jepsralflff from HeaMj. 'ib. 1

Rules of Health i:jith Regard X# ^mJ

, Man^emtnt of the Paflions. 170 '

mt^en

CHAP.

The CONTENTS.

• The Ad^vmtage if a full and free Ter-

fpiration in the Soles of the Feet. 2 00

9. AC^utim^ofiudionsTeople cmcetn-

- ing thefoteft Tofture of the Body in

Reading and IFriting. 201

. The Inconveniencies of a wrong one. ib.

10. ^ very necejfary Caution Xo fat and

over 'grown People. 203

11. Tw^ important Advices to the Aged*

205

The Advantage of removing to a

warmer Climate in oldAg^* .206

1 2. The Folly of expeBing a quick Cur^

of chronical Difeafes. 2 07

The Mifchiefs this vain Expeitatiori

triMS on the Valetudinary. 208
The Original, andonly Met hod of Cure

$f mofi chronical T>ifeafes. 2 09
The NeceJJity of fubmitting to this

Method. 211

. The Efficacy, of it. 212

1 3 . Qf the great Ufefulnefs of Opium, 213

The. Manner of its Operatum, ib.
Proofs that it operates in that Man-
nef. zi$

ifawitfu»fsal}m[h«ek. 217

. /» wliat Caf^ Qptiu^ is «f grgateji
^/f.' v.A'v. . , . ib.

ff^^ ^^ QpiUttu 'uiiwtk U<iw<i Lau-

danun3t.#fii#«|«a(i-: ./ . . ib.

The

The CONTENTS.

The proper Vehicles for it in different
Cafes. z 1 8

The right Way of dojing it. zip

That Opium oijet'dofed kills not fo

readily as is commonly thought, ib.

14. The great Secret of "Long Life. 220

Tho' the Solids mufi necejfarily harden
by old Age., fo as to fop the Circu-
lation i yet this may be retarded by
keeing the Juices fluid by a meager
and diluting T>iet. 221

The Manner of doing it. 222

Of thin, and what is commonly, and
what ought to he called, poor Blood, ib.

IVhat is the beft Bloody and for -what
Reafons it is to be accounted fo. 224

Of the great Advantages of Tempe-
rance. zz6

Mifcellaiiy Rtdes of HcdXth. and hong
Life. 227

Conclulion. ^jo

In Clariffimi Medki GiE,o. CHEYNifii
Tentamcn tie Sanitate & Longaevitatc,
doStum varhmque Opus miratus, hac
effudit * ♦ VtTtutum illius Viri Cult or

' imfenfiffimus .

HU C ade$, o ! faevum Mcmbris arcere Vcncnum
Qai capis, & Morbi femina tetra gravis.
Sive tremens pavidufque vides inftare minacem

S€9rbutuia,(ut videas hie Liber, eccel docet)
Sive parant atras Hj;podtondria turgtda Nub^

C^ 74enti ofiu% triftia Tpeflra dareot ;
Seu Jtfonftri qnodcunqHc imis PenetraUbusliaeret,

Frincipiotn Mbtbi, mox generanda Lties:
EcceOpifcr prafens, CHETNMUS^ Icait accrbum

In Venis Tuccuns^ nee tiU Mdnbra dolent ;
Aut pcllit triftis fimulacra fugacia (j^eftr^ >

ACque Animo prohibet Gaudia abefie tuo ;
Maturaque Opera privertens triftia Fata

£grotare vecac, nee doluifle (init.

Pcrlege Catattentos) culti Docufflenta LibelK,
St Te v(rt &num vel cupis eflb probum ;
, CArA^ ecenim ibciata Salus iideliter hasret
Virtuti, VitiO'incc Conies eflfe vokti)

DiTce

^.- .

Kfte Volnptatts proltmviefre'^floCMieejj 'r: '

Hinc difce & verts innocnifqne fral. ' '.

Ut Ttbi fit Somnns Lenimcn dulce Labornm;

Quxqne onerant Menfas dulcu Fercia fieot ;
Ut Tigant Artos, nee fanda tAeinbn laboreat ; -

Hic G»]x eflrxnis Criraina miDe lege*
Chiru^ Ferrum T^ flc tetrica Phamuca Cerxeat?

Hincdilce ambobus pofle careie Malis.

BOOKS

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PHUofophical Piinciples kS Religion, Matural mi
Reveal'd; tntwopacis. TheFirft conuininarhe
Elements of Natural Philorophv, and the Proofe of
Natural Religion. The Second Edition: Tlie Second
Part containing ihe Nature of Iniinites, together with
the Philolbphick Principles of Reveal'd Religion. By
George Cheyne, M. D. F. R. S.

A New Theory of Acute and flow continued Fevers;
wherein, befides the Appearances of fuch, and the Man-
ner of their Ciiccj occafionally, the Strufture of the
Glands, and the Manner and Laws of Secretion, the
Operation of Purgative, Vomitive, and Mercurial
Medicines, are mechanically explain'd. To which is
prefis'd. An EiTay concerning the Improvements of the
Theory of Medicine. The Third Edition, with many
Additions.

Fluxioaiim MeChodus Inverfa; iiyeQuantitatumFlu-
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M. D. F.R.S.

Rudimentorum Mechodi Fluxionum Lnverfe Speci-
mina, adverfus Abr. De-Moivre. EodEni Audiore.

An Effay of the true Nature and doc Method of
Treating theGoutjToge ther, with an Account of the Na-
ture and Quality of Bath- Waters, the Manner of uling
them, and the Difeafes in which they are proper : As
alTo of the Nature and Cure of moft Chronical Diftem-
pers, notpublifhed before. By George Cheyne, M. D.
F. R. S. The fifth Edition Revifec^ Correaed, and
Enlarged to more than double of the Former.

Prefagium Medicum, or the Prognaftick Signs of
Acute Difeafes, Eftablilhed by Ancient Obfervation,
and Explain'd by the beft modern Difcoveries. The
Second E4itioniWith a Preface by Dr. W. Cock-
burn. /:!^'T\]~~

A N

ESSAY

Health and Long Life.

T is a common Say-
ing, That every Maa
paft Forty is either a
FmI at a ^hyfician :
It might have been u
juftly added, that he
was a divine too : For, as the World,
goes at prefcnt, there is not any Thing
that the Gcntrality of the letter Sort <rf^
Mankind fo laviflily and lb unconcern-
cdly throw away as Healfh, iicept etet'
naiFtUcity. Moft Men Jnholr when they
B iUC

1 ^wEssAY ofUnAttn

' arc ill, but very few when they are well.
And yet it is moft certain, that 'tis ea-
iier to preferve Health thin to recover
it, and to prevent Difeafes than to cure
tlicm. Towards the firft, the Means art
moftly in our own Power: Little elfc
is required than to bear and forbear.
But towards the latter, the Means arc
perplexed and uncertain ; and for the
Knowledge of them the far greateft Part
of Mankind njuft apply to others, of
whofc Skill and Honefty they are in a
great meafurc ignorant, and the Benefit
of whofe Art they can but conditionally
and precarioufly obtain. A crazy Cop-
ftitution, original weak Nerves, desk-
bought Experience in Things helpful and
hurtful, and long Obfervation on the
Complaints of others, who came for Relief
to this univerfal Infirmary, BATHy have
at laft (in fome meafure) taught me fome
of the moft efFedual Meanj$ of prefcrving
Health and prolonging Life in thofe who
arc tender and ficklyy and labour under
chronical Diftempers. And I thought I
could not fpend my leifure Hours better
than by putting together the moft gene-
ral Rules for that Purpofe, and fetting
them in the cleareft and ftrpngeft Light
I could, for the Benefit of thofe who

may

and Lo NG Life. . 3

may want them, and yet have not had
fuch favourable Opportunities to learn
them.

5. 2. And that I might write with
(bme Order and Connexion, I have cho-
fen to make fome Obfervations and Re-
fledions on the Non-naturals (as they are
called, poflibly becaufe that in their pre-
ternatural State they are eminently inju-
rious to human Conjlitutions 5 or more
ffobably^ becaufe tho' they be neceffary
to the Subfiftence of Man^ yet in refped
of him^ they may be confidered as ex^
ternaly or different from the internal
Caufes that produce Tiifeafes) to wit,.
I. The Air\ft breathe in. 2. Our Meat
and ^rink. 3. Our Sleep and Watch^
im. 4- Our Exercife znd Rejl. 5. Our
Evacuations and their Objiru£iions. 6.
The Tajfjions of our Minds : And laftfy-,
to add fome Obfervations that come not
fo naturally under any of thefe Heads,
I (hall not confider here how philofophi^
colly thefe T)ijlin£iions are made 5 they
ieem to me, the beft general Heads for
bringing in thofe Obfervations and Re-
fictions I am to make in the following
Pages.

B 2 %i.

4 -^ Essay ^Health

IJ. 3. The Rcfleftion is not more
common than juft. That he who lives
phyfically muft live miferibly. The Truth
\%j too great Nicety and Exadnefs tl&mL
every minute Circumftance that may im-
pair our Health, is fuch a Yoke and Sla»-
very, as no Man of a genctous free Spi-
xit would fubmit to. Tis, as a Teet t)^
preflcs it, to die for fear of Trying. And
to forbear or give over a juft, charitable^
or even generous Office of Life, from a
too fcrupulous Regard to Health, is un-
worthy of a Many much more of a O&rr-
jiian. But then, on the other Hand, to
cut off our Days by Intemperancey Indi^
jfcretiony and guilty TaffionSy to live mi*
ferably for the fake of gratifying zfweet
Toothy or a brutal Itch s to die Martyrs
to our Luxury and JVantonnefSy is equal-
ly beneath the Dignity oi human Nature,
and contrary to the Homage we owe to
the Author of our Being. Without fomc
Degree of Health, we can neither be a^
greeable to ourfe/ves, nor ufeful to our.
Friends s we can neither relifh the Blef-
/ings of divine Providence to us in Life,
nor acquit ourfelves of our duties to
our Maker, or our Neighbour. He that
wantonly tranfgrcflcth the felf-evident

Rules

P and LongLife. 5

Rules oi Health, is guilty of a Degree
oi Self- Murder i and an habitual 'Penile-
verance therein is dired + Suicide, and
confequently, the grcateft Crime he can
commit againft the Author of his Being i
as it is flighting and defpifing the nobleft
Gift he could beftow upon him, i)iz,
the Means of making himfcif infinitely
happy J and alfo as it is a treacherous for-
Taking the "Pajl, wherein his IVifdom has
placed him, and thereby rendering him-
Iclf incapable of anfwering the Dcfigns
of his 'Providence over him. The infi-
nitely wife Author of Nature has fo
contrived Things, that the mofl: remark-
able Rules of preferving Life and
Health are moral "Duties commanded
us, fo true it is, that GodUnefs has the
'Fremifes of this Life, as 'well as that
to come.

To avoid all ufelefs Refineijient, I
will lay down only a few plain cafily
obfervcd Rules, which a Man may rea-
dily follow, without any Trouble or
Conftraint.

• Sclf-Murd:r.

CHAP.

6 An Essay o/^ Health

CHAP. I.
Of A I R.

5. I. A / i? being one of the moft nc-
jfj^ ceflary Things towards th^
Siibfijtence and Health of all Animals i
'tis a Wonder to me, that here in Eng-
land y where Luxury and all the Arts of
living welly are cultivated even to a P^ce^
the Choice of Air fhould be fo little
coniidered.

J. 2, From Obfervations on Bleeding
in Rheumatifmsy and after catching Cold,
'tis evident , that the Air with its diffe-
rent §lualitieSy can alter and quite vitiate
the whole Texture of the Blood and am^
m^/ Juices : From the ValfieSy Vertigoes^
VapourSy and other nervous Affemons^
caufed by Tu>ampSy MineSy and working
OQ fome Minerals^ (f particularly Mer-^

cury

f Vidi Ramazini of f£e Difia[ti cfTraiefmau

and LongLife. 7

cury ^nd j^niim&n/) 'tis plain ^/'r Co and
fo qualified, can relax and obftruft the
whole nervous Syjiem. From the Cho-
licSj Fluxes, Coughs, and Confumptions.,
produced by damp, moift and nitrous Air,
'tis manifeft, that it can obftruft and
Ipoil the noble Organs. The Air is at-
traded and received into our Habit ^ and
mixed with our Fluids every Inftant of
our Lives -J fo that any ill §^ality in
the Air To continually introduced, muft
in Time produce fatal EfFc£ts on the a-
nimai OEconomy: And therefore it will
be of the utmoft Confequence to every
one, to take Care what kind of Air it
is ihcy fleep and watch, breath and live
in, and are perpetually receiving into
the moft intimate Union with the Prin-
ciples of Life. I fliall only take Notice
of three Conditions of Air,

■

J.J. Thtfrfi is, That when Gentlemen
build Seats, they ought never to place
them upon any high HUl, very near any
^rtzt Confluence of Water, in the Neigh-
bourhood of any great Mines, or Beds of
Minerals, noron any fwamp, marfhy, or
molly Foundation ; but either in a champ-
paign Country, or on the Side of a fmall
Eminence, IheJtereU from the North and
Eaft

8 ^w Essay 0/ Health

Eaji Winds, or upon a light gravelly

Soil. The Nature of the Soil will be

ifrell known from thc'T/ants and Herh

<tiat grow on it, or rather more fccurely

' ironi the Nature of the fVaters that

ifpring out of it, which ought always to

be pxeet, deary light, foft, and tafielefs.

All high Mountains are damp, as Dr.

* Halley oblerved at St. Helena, a moun-

I ftainous Place, where T)amps fell fo pcr-

[ Jpetually in the Night time, that he was

[ 'fjbliged to be every Moment wiping his

Piaffes, in making his Afironomicd

Observations. And where the Mottn-

I tains are high, the Inhabitants of them

I «rc forced to fend their Furniture, in

' AVintcr, to the Valley, left it (houldrot.

' And 'tis common to have it rainor fnow

\ *n Mountains, when the Valleys below

are clear, fercnc and dry. All great Hills

are Nefts of Minerals, and Covers (made

' *of the prominent Earth) ioi Refervoirs oi

■Rain-fVater. The Clouds are but great

I Wleeces of ratified Water failing in the

[ 'Air, fometimes not many Yards above

I Hhc champaign Country; and thefe high

''§iills intercepting them, they arc com-

I ^refled into ^ew or Rain, and are per-

■petually drilling down the Crannies of

tht Mountains into thcfe BaJtHs. Hence
the Origin of Rivers, andfrtjh Water
Springs. Bdddes that, thcfc mountain-
ous Places, arc always exposed to higli,
and alfftoft perpetual Winds. Where
mny great Cwrwr/2» of Water is, the Air
ttiiiA needs be perpetuaily damp, becaufe
the iun is perpetually draining from thc(e
W^ers, moift l^ews atid Vapours thro*
it. All great Nefts of Minerals, or large
Mines, muft ncceffarily impregnate the
ulir. With their refpedive Qualities. And
imjjy Blacknefs, is fome Degree of IPu^
tfrfa^m, as ♦ Sir Ifaac Newtdn ob^
fcms.

J. 4. Secemdfy,tht Winds t}cAttxtmf:i^
frequent, and moft pernicious in Er^
Und, are the Eaflerly, efpecially the
JUarih Eaft Winds, which in the Win^
9er are the moft pterci^g cold , in
Summer the mtA parching hot. In 0^n-
9er Acy bring along with them, all the
tfitre of the Nerthem and Scythian
Snows, Mountains of Ice, and frot^en
Seas thro* which tliey comes and In

v# yammer,

• ^ Stt bis Treatife about Light and Colours.

lo j4nEssAY of Health

Sumnter, blow with all the fory Parti^
clcs of the perpetual Day they pafs thro'.
From the end of January^ till towards
the end of May^ the Wind blows ilmoft
perpetually, from xSxzEaftern and North-
em Points, if the Spring is dry 5 and
from the Southern and Wejlern Points, if
the Spring is wet, (and generally from
the fetting in of the fVinds^ on a Kew^
Moon, you may predid the Weather of
the Spring) and our Bodies moft certain-
ly attracting, the circumambient yf/r,
and the Fumes of thofe Bodies that are
next to us, it will be Very convenient
for valetudinary, fiudious, and content
j>lative Perfons, in a dry Spring, or in
Eajierly Winds, to change their Bed-
chambers into Rooms that have Wejlern
or Southern Lights, or to fliut clofe up
the Eaftern and Northern Lights, or to
have them but feldom opened 5 and in
wet Seafons, to take the contrary Courfe,
And if any fuch Perfon, has been much
cxpofed, or long abroad, in a Northerly
or bleakifl) Eajierly Wind, it will be very
proper for him to drink down, going
to Bed, a large Draught of warm Wa-
ter-gruel, or of warm fmall Mountain*
wine Whey, as an Antidote ag^inft the

nitrous

^ and LongLife. ii

nitroHt Effiuvia, fuck'd into the Body,
and to open the ObjiruStions of the jPfr-
fpiration made thereby.

^. 5- Thirdly., from the beginning of
l^ovember i\\\ towards the beginning of
February., London is cover'd over with
one univerfal nitrous and fulphurous
Smoak, from the Multitude of Coal
Tires, the Abfence of that material 'Di-
vinity the Sun, and the Confcquence
thereof, the faUing of the 'Di.-'tus, and
Vapours of the Night. In fuch a Sea-
fon, iveak and tender People, and thofe
that are fubje£t to nervous or pulmonick
Diftcmpers, ought either to go into the
Country, or to be at home foon after
Sun-fet, and to difpel the "Damps with
clear, of that to thefe would
very probably preferve us from acute,
moft certainly from chronical Diftempers,
and enable us to live, without much Sick-
nefs and Pain, fo long as our Conftitu-
tions were originally made to lajt. The
Sources of chronical Diftempers are firji
Vifcidity in the Juices, or the Over-
largenefs of their conftitucnt Tarticks,
which not being fofficiently broken, by
the concoiiive Powers, flop or retard the
Circulation , or, fecondly, too great abun-
dance of fliarp and acrimonious Salts,

D z whereby

so jinEiSAY qJ Health

whereby the Juices themfelves arc ren-
dered fo corrojtvey as to burft or wear
out the Solids 5 or, thirdly^ a Relaxa-
turn, or Want of a due F^ce and Sprin-
ginefs, in the Solids theiftfelves. AnE;c-
cefs in ^antity begets thcfrfi^ the ///
Condition of Our Meat and Dnnk the
fecondy and both together, with Want of
due Labour, the third.

% z. The Mtat of England 1% gene-
iA\^ ^mal Subftances. The Animals
thtmftves, ftom i^pidemick Caules^ bad
F66d, Age, Or other Infirmities, have
their Difeafes as well a$ human Crca«
tiiires: and thefe difeafcd Animals can
Atvct be proper or foand Food for Men.
Adult Animals abound more in miwous
Saks than yourig ones : Their Parts arc
more elofely compared, becaufc nrK>re
forcibly united 5 atid fo harder of Dige-
ftion. Tis true, the great Diftinftion of
the Fitnefs or Unfitnefs of the fevcral
Sotts of Animals and Vegetables for hu-
man Food, depends upon their original
Makey Framey ^nA Nature (and that can
be found out only by Experience) as alfo
upon the fpecial Tafte, Complexiotiy Tenh
peramenty and Habits of the Perfon that
feeds on them. But by the Help ^ thefe

Three

oud Long Lx FO^ ii

Thfet Principles, wjb. Firft^ That the
Stret^th or Wcakncfs of Cohcfion of
the Panicky of fluid Bodies, depends up-
on their Btgnefs or Smallmfs s that is,
the biggeft Particles cohere more firmly,
riian thcfnuUleTy becaufe more Parts come
into Contad in large Bodies than fmall,
j^d fo their Union is greater. SecMdfy^
That the ^rwr^r the Force ^M^wtentmO
is, with which two Bodies meet, the
ftronger is their CohcHon, and the im^e
difficult their Separation. Thirdfy, that
SdiiSy being compreiicnded by plain Sur-^
fscfSy being hMrd, and in all Changes
recovering their Figure, unite the moft
firmly of any Bodies whatfoever : Their
plain Surfaces bring many Points into
CmtaGt and Union : their Hardnefs and
conftant Figure make tiiem durable and
muUterable \ and thereby the aSfive^rin-
cipleSj and the Origin of the Qualities
of Bodies; and when they approach with-
in the Sphere of one another's A£iivitjf^
they firmly unite in CluJlerS} all which
make the Separation of their original
Particles the more difficult. I fay, from
thefe three Principles y we may in gene-
ral compare the Eafinefs or Difficulty of
digefiing (that is, breaking into fmall
Parts) the feveral Sorts of Vegetables

and

ai An^s&KY of Health

2Xid Animals y one with another ; andfo
difcover their Fitnefs or Unfitnefs for
becoming Food for tender and valetudi-
nary Perfons.

I. All other Things being fuppofed
equal, thofe Vegetables and Animals
that come to Maturity the fooneft, are
lighteft of ^igejiion. Thus the Spring
Vegetables^ zsAfparagus^ Straw-berries^
and fome Sorts of Salladingj are more
cafily digefted than Tears^ Apples^ Tea-
ches ^ zxaik Keytar in£s i becaufe they have
lefs of ihcfolar Fire in them 5 their Parts
are united by a weaker Heat 5 that is,
with lefs Velocity y and abound lefs in,
nay fcarce have any ftrong and fixed
Salts. Among the Animals^ the con^-
mon Poultry, Hares j Sheepy Kidsy Rab-
bitSy ^c. who in the fame, or a few
Years come to their Maturity (that is, to
propagate their Species) are much more
tender and readily digefted than CowSy
Horfes, or Afles, (were thefe laft in ufe
for Food, as they have been in Famine)
O'C. for the Reafon already given, be-
caufe their Parts cohere lefs firmly.
And it is obfervable, of the VegetableSy
which are longeft a ripening, that is,
whofe Juices have moft of thtfolar Rays

f and LongLife. 23
in them, that their fermented Juices yield
the ftrongeft vinous Spirits j as Grapes,
Eldcr-berrics, and the like; and of the
Animals that are longcft in coming to
Maturity, that their Juices yield the moft
rank and moRfwtid urinous Salts.

2. Other Things fuppofed equal, the
larger and bigger the Vegetable or Ani-
mal \s, in its Kind, ihcjlronger and the
harder to digeft is the Food made thereof.
Thus a large Owiow, Affle, oiTear, and
large Beef and Mutton are harder to di-
geft than the lejfer ones, of the fame
Kind; not only, as their Veflels being
flrongcr and more elajtick, their Parts are
brought together with a greater Force ;
but alfo, bccaufe the Qualities are pro-
portionably more intenfc in great Bodies
of the fame Kind ; Thus, other Things
being equal, :l greater 'iizz is proportion-
ably more intenfely hot, than a leffcr
one ; and the Wine contained in a larger
Vcflcl becomes ftronger than that con-
tained in a Icffer; and confequcntly the
Juices of larger Animals and Vegetables
wc more rank than the Juices of Imallcr
pes of the fame Kind.

3. Other

24 ^EtiAY of Health

3. Other Things being equal, Tlic pro-
per Food appointed for Animals by Na-
ture, is eafier digefted than the Animals
themfeives $ thofe Animals that live on
Vegetables^ than thofe that live on Ant*
mals 5 thofe that live on Vegetables or
Animals^ that fooneft come to MatUri-
tyj than thofe that live on fuch as are
longer a ripening. Thus Milk and Eggs
are lighter of Digeftion than the Flefti of
Beafls or Birds 5 bullets and TurkieSy than
^ucks znd Geefe^ and Tatridgey and
Vheafant are lighter than Woodcock or
Snipe 5 becaufe thcfe laft, being long-bil-
ledy fuck only animal ^mc^s i and for
the Reafons already given, Grafs Beef
and Mutton are lighter thznftallfed Ox-
en and Sheep.

4. All Things clfe being alike, Fifi
and Sea- Animals are harder to digcft
than Land- Animals I becaufe univcrfal-
ly their Food is other Animals^ and the
iK^/f Eletnent in which they live compafts
their Parts more firmly ; Salts having a
ftronger Power of Cohejion than other
Bodies. And for the fame Reafon, Salt
Water Fifh is harder to digeft thznfrejb
Water. Thus the Sea Tortoife is harder

WLoNG Life. 25

to digeft than the Land Tortoife; and
Sturgeon and 7«r^/^,than Trout or 'Perch.

S. Other things being equal, Vegeta-
bles and Animals that abound in an oify,
faty ^ndgluthious Subftancc, are harder to
digeft, than thofe of a ^Irj, fejby, fibrous
Subilance; bccaufe oily and fat Subftan-
ccs elude the Force and Action of the
concodive Powers j and their Parts at-
traft one another, and unite mote ftrong-
]y than other Subftances do, (except Salts)
as Sir Ifaac Newton * obferves. Their
Softnefs znA Humidity relaxes and weak-
ens the Force of the Stomach, and the
Fat and Oil itfeif is fhut up in little
Bladders, that are with Difficulty broken.
Thus Nuts of all kinds pals through the
Guts, almoft untouched : 0/ii/« arc har-
der to digeft: than Teafe ; fat flefii Mear,
than the lean of the fame. Carp, Tench,
Salmon, Eel, and Turbit, are much harder
to digeft than Whiting, Tsrch, Trout ^
Haddock. /r^

6. Vegetables zxiAAnimalSt allThingi
elfe being alike, whofe Subfliancc U'white,
E

* V,ds Sir Ifaac NewtoaV f'fi EngliOi Edition of
^bt MuiCclourt.

a6 ^rt Essay 0/ Health V

or inclining to the lighter Colours, arc
lighter to digcft,than tliofe whofc*y«^.3»«
isredderybro'-jL-?ier, or inclining towards the
more flaming Colours; not only be-
caufc the Parts that reflcii white, and
the lighter Colours are leffer in Bulk
than thoi'c that reflcft the more flaming
Colours * ; but alio becaufc thofe of the
more flaming Colours abound more with
urinious Salts. Thus Turnips, TarfnipSj
and Potatoes, are lighter than Carrots^
Skirrets, and Beet-Raves^ TuHet, Tur-
key, 'Pheafant, and Rabbet, are lighter
than Duck, Geefe, Woodcock, and Snipe,
Whiting, Flounder, Terch, and Soals, arc
lighter than Salmon, Sturgeon, Herring,
and Mackarel. Veal and Lamb is lighter
than Redot Fallow Deer.

7. Ldflly, All other Things being e-
qual, Vegetables and Animals of ^firong,
poignant, aromatick and hot Tafte, are
harder to digefl than thofe of a milder,
fofter, and more /K/^i(/ Tafte. HighRe-
lilh comes from abundance of Salts : A-
bundance of Salts fuppofes adult Ani-
wtalSf and I'uch as are long a coming to
Maturity j

* Sit the \afl quiUA Auihtr.

' W Long Life. 97

Maturity i and where Salts abound, the
Parts are more difficuttly Teparated, and
harder to be digcftcd. Strong and ara-
mattck Plants imbibe and retain moft of
the/i'/tfr Rays, and become folid Spirits,
or fixed Flames. And they that deal
much in them fwatlow fo much live^
Coals, which will at ]aft inflame the
Fluids and burn up the Solids.

J. J. There is nothing more certain,
than that the greater Superiority thecoB-
caBive Powers have, over the Food, or
the ftronger the concoftive 'Powers arc,
in regard of the Things to be conco0edi
ths finer the Chyle will be, the Circttla-
tion the more free, and the Spirits more
lightfome ; that is, the better will the
Health be. Now from thefe general
Propofittons, taking in their own parti-
cular Complexion and Habits, 'vale-
tudinary, ftudious, or contemplative Pcr-
fons may eafily fix upon thele particular
•vegetable or animal Foods, that are fit-
ted for them. And if any Error fliould
be committed, 'tisbcfl: tocrronthefafdl
Side, and rather chufe thole Things that
arc under our concoBi-ve Powers, than
^ofethat arc above them. And in the
hoicc of Animals for our Food, we
£ 2 muft

r
I

28 ^B Essay 5/ Health ^B

mufl not pafs over the Manner of fatten-
ing and fitting them up for the Table.
About London we can fcarce have any,
but cramm'dy«v//r>', otjiall-fed Butche-
ry Meat. It were futficient to dUguft
the ftouteft Stomach, to fee the foul,
grofs, and nafty Manner, in which, and
thcfetid, putrid and unwholefome Ma-
terials, with which they are fed. Perpe-
tual Foulncfs and Cramming, grofs Food
and Naftincfs, wcknow, will putrify the
JuiceSyZ-ad moityfy the mufcular Subftance
of ^«mizn Creatures J and fure they can
do no lefs in Brute Animals, and thus
make even our Food Poifon, The fame
may be faid of hot Beds, and forcing
Tlants and Vegetables. The only Way
of having found and healthful animal
Food, is to leave them to their own na-
tural Liberty, in the free Air, and their
own proper Element, with Plenty of
Food, and due Cleannefs, and a Shelter
from the Injuries of the Weather, when
they have a Mind to retire to it. I add
lOthing about Cookery: Plain Roafting
^and Boiling is as high, as •valetudinary^
"tender, ftudious, and contemplati-ve Per-
fons, or thofe who would prcfcrve their
Health, and lengthen out their Days,
ought to prefume on. il/&/<f Difhcs, rich

r oMc/ Lo NG Li F E. 29

Soopj high Sauces^ Bakings Smoaking,
Salting, zviATickling, are the Inventions
of Luxury J to force an unnatural Appe-
tite, and encreafe the Load, which Na-
ture, without Incentives from ill Habits,
and a vicious Palate, will of itfelf make
more than fafficient for Health and long
Life. Abjiinence and proper Evacua-
tions, due Labour znd Exercife, will al-
ways recover a decayed Aj>petfte, fo long
as there is any Strength or Fund in Na-
ture to go upon. And 'tis fcarce allow-
able to provoke an Appetite, with medi-
cinal Helps, but where the digefiive Ti-
cultics have been fpoiled and ruined by
acute or tedious chronical Diftempers.
And as Toon as 'tis recovered to any to-
lerable Degree, Nature is to be left to
its own Work, without any Spurs from
Cookery or Thyfick.

5. 4. The next Confideration is the
^antity of Food that is ncccfiary to
I'upport Nature, without overloading it,
in a due Plight : That is indeed various,
according to the Age^ Sex, Nature,
Strength, and Country the Party is of,
and the Exercife he ufes. In thefe Nor-
tbern Countries, the Coldnefs of rhe
pr, the Strength and large Stature of
People,

5© y^EssAYp/ Health ^

People, demand larger Supplies than in
the Eaftern and warmer Countries. Young
growing Pcrfons, and thofe of great
Strength and large Stature, require more
than the Aged, Weak, and Slender. But
Pcrfons of all Sorts will live more heal-
thy and longer by univerfal Temperance^
than otherwifc. And fome general Ob-
fervations on the Quantity Perfons of
different Nations and Conditions, have
lived on, healthy, and to a great Age,
may give fome Afliftance to valetudina-
ry and tender Perfons, to adjuft the due
^antitjf necclTary for them.

J. s- It is furprifing, to what a great
Age the eaftern Chriftians, who retir'd
from the Perfecutions into the Defarts
of Egypt znd Arabia, lived healthful on
a very little Food. We are inform'd by
CaJJian, that the common Mcafure in
twenty four Hours, was about twelve
Ounces or a Pound, { for the eaftern
Pound was but twelve Ounces) with
mere Element for Drink. St. Antho-
ny liv'd to 105 Years, on mere Bread
and Water, adding only a few Herbs at
laft. J amestht Hermit, to 104. Arfe-
nitts, the Tutor of the Emperor Arcadi-
us, to 120: 65 in the world, and sj in
the

^P and LongLife. ^i

the Defart. St. EpiphanuSj to 1 1 5 . St. Je-
rome, toaboutioo. Simeon Sty liteSt 109.
-And Romualdus, 1 20. And Lewis Coma-
rOy a Venetian Nobleman, after he had u-
fedallother Remedies in vain, fo that his
Lifewasdefpair'dof at 40, yet recovcr'd
and liv'd, by the mere Force of his Tem-
^Ktancc, near to 100 years.

^V(. 6. Our Northern Climate, as I faid
^m>m the Purity and Coldncfs of the Air,
■*'hich bracing the Fibres, makes thc^*
petite keener, and the Aftion of Digc-
ftion ftronger; and from the Labour
and Strength of the People, which makes
the Expences of living more, will necef-
fariiy require a greater Quantity of Food.
Yet 'tis wonderful in what Sprightlinefs,
Strength, Aiflivity, and freedom of Spirits,
a low Diet, even here, will prcfcrve
thofe that have habituated themfelvcs to
it. Buchanan informs us, of one Lau-
rence whoprelerved himfclf to 140, by
the m(;te Force of Temperance and La-
bour. Spotfwood mentions one Kenti-
gern { ^tcrwards called St. Mongah^
or Mungo, from whom the Famous
Well in IP'ales is named) who lived ro
18 J Years, tho' after he came to the
^Hcirs of Undctftanding, he never rafted
H' Wine

31 y4nEss AY of Health

Wine nor ftrong Drink 5 and flcpt on
the cold Ground. My worthy Friend Mr.
ff^e&t is ftill alive. He by theQiiickncfs
of the Faculties of the Mind, and the
AdivityofthcOr^awj-of his Body, (hews
the great Benefit of a low Diet, living
altogether on 'vegetable Food and pure
Element. The Hiftory of the Milk *
Doctor of Croydon, who by living on
Milk only, cured himfelf of an other-
wife incurable Diftempcr, -viz. the E-
filepfy, and liv'd in perfeiS Health for
iixteen Years after, till an Accident cut
him off", I have already narrated in my
Trcatifeof theGout. Henry Jenkins a
Filhcrman, liv'd 169 Years, his Diet
was coarfe and fowert as his Hiftorian
informs us, that is, plain and cooling,
and the Air where he lived (harp and
clear, viz. Allerton \x^on Swale xxi Tark-
fbire. 'Parr died fixteen Years younger,
viz. atrhe ageof IS3 Years, 9 Monthsj
his Diet was old Cheefe, Milk, coarfe
Bread, ftnall Beer, and fVhey : And
his Hiftorian tells us, he might have
lived a good while longer, if he had not

changed his Diet and Air, coming out of a
clear, thin, free Air, into the thick Air
of London, and after a conftant,

plain,
and

* Sii an Efaj oa the Gout Md Bath IVaters.

>Me

-.IFE.

and homely country Diet, being taken
into a fpcndld Family, where he led high,
and draok plentifully of tiic bcft Wines,
whereby the natural Fundions of the
Pacts were overcharged, and the Habit
of the whole Body quite dirordeicdi up-
on whieh rlicieeould not but foon cnlUc
a 'Diffolution.. * Dr. Lj/?fr mentions eight
rcrfons in the North of England, the
Toungift of which was above loo Years,
and the cldcft 140. He fays, 'tis to be
obfcr\'ed, that the Food of all this moun-
tainous Country is exceedingly coarfe.
And certainly there is no Place in the
World more likely to lengthen out Life
than England, cipecially thofe Parts of
if, that have a free open Air, and a gra-
velly and chalky Soil, if to due Exenife,
Ahjlemioufnefs, and a plain fimple ©;>/
were added.

%. 7- 1 have -f- cllewhcrc offered ro
dctcrmi nc the ^antity of Food, lUffi-
ctent to keep a Man of an ordinary Sta-
ture, following no laborious Eniploy-
F ment.

■ • t V,

Y S:e lb: tfay ef lb: Gout iW Batb '.t'litin.

34 ^n Essay of Health

nicnt, in due flighty Health, and Vigour ;
to wit, 8 Ounces of Flefh Meat, 12 of
Bread, or vegetable Food, and about a
Pint of Wine, or other generous Liquor
in 24 Hours. But the Valetudinary, and
thofe cm^Xoy cAmfedentary Profeffions,
or intelleBual Studies, muft leflcn this
Cluantity, if they would preferve tiieir
Healtii, and the Freedom of their ^irits
long. Studious ^wAfedentary Men muft
of Neceflity eat and drink a great deal
lefs, than thofe very fame Men might
do, were they engaged in an aStive Life,
For as they want that Exercife that is
ncceflary towards ConcoSiion and Ver^
Jpiration, and that their Nerves are more
worn out by intelleBual Studies, than
even bodily Labour would wafte themi
if, in any wife, they indulge Freedom of
Living, their Juices muft neceffarily be-
come vifcid, and their Stomachs relaxed.
He that would have a clear Head muft
have a clean Stomach. The Negledi: of
which is theCaufe,why we fee fo many by-
pochondriacal, melancholy, and vapourilh
Gentlemen, among thofe of the long
Robe i the only Remedy of which is La-
bour and Abftinence.

%. 8. Moft

WLoNG Life. 35

5'. 8. Moft ofaIlthef>&r^»/V^/Difeafcs,
the Infirmities of old Age, and the ^ort
Periods of the Lives of Englifljmen^ arc
owing to Repletion. This is evident from
henee; becaufe Evacuation of one Kind
or another is nine Parts of ten in their
Remedy : For not only Cuppings Bleed-
ings Blifteringj IJfueSy Tn^ging^ Vomit-
ings and Sweatin^y are manifeft Evacua-
lionSj or Drains to draw out what has
been fuperflupufly taken down i but even
Abftinences Exercife-, Alteratives^ Cor-
dialsy Bitters^ and Alexipharmicks^ arc
but (everal means to dilpofe the grofs
Humour^ to be more readily evacuated
by infenfible ^erfpiration s that new and
well concoftcd Chyky and fwect com-
minuted juices, may take their Place to
rcftore the Habit. And therefore it were
much more cafy, as well as more fafc
and effeftual, to prevent than incur the
Ncccllity of fuch Evacuations. And a-
ny one may lofe a ^ound of Blood, take
a Vurg€y or a Sweat s by dropping the
great Meal, or abftaining from animal
Food and ftrong Liquors, for four or five
Days (in chrjonical Cafes) as effedually
as by opening a Vein^ fwallowing a Dofc
of ^iUs^ or taking a fudorifick Bolus.

F 2 §.9.

36 ^nEssAY of Health

§. 9. I advifc therefore all Gentlemen
of zfedejitary Life^ and of learned Vio-
feffions, to ufc as much Abftinence as
poffibly they can, confiftcnt with the Pre-
fcrvation of their Strength and Freedom
oi Spirits: Which ought to be done as
foon as they find any Heavinefs^ Inquie^
tudes, reftlefs Nights, or Averfion to Ap-
plication 5 either by leflening one half
of their ufual Quantity of animal Food
and7?r^»^ Liqours, 'till fuch Time as they
regain their wonted Freedom and Indo-
lence i or by living a due Time wholly
upon vegetable Diet, fuch as SagOj Rice^
^udding^ and the like, and drinking on-
ly a little Wiae and Waten And if they
would prefcrve their Health and Confti-
tution, :ind lengthen out their Days 5 they
niuft either inviolably live low (or mof-
grey as the French call it) a Day or two
in the Week 5 or once a Week, Fort-
night, or Month at fartheft, take fome
domejiick Purge, which fhall require nei-
ther ^iety nor keeping at Home 5 but
may at once ftrengthen the Bowels, and
difchargc fuperfluous Humours. Of this
Kind arc a Dofc (6 or 7) of the Scotch
Pills 5 half a Dram of the "^iluU Stomor
(hicoi cunt Gutnmi^ wi^h ?hree or four

Grains

and Long Life. 37

Grains of T)iagryd^ mixt 5 half a Dram
of the TiluU Rujji\ two Ounces ot
Hiera Tieray with one Dram of the Sy-
rup of Buckthorn 5 two or three Ounces
of Elixir Salutis j or (what I prefer be-
fore all thcfc) this Preparation of Rhu-
barb :

Take the beft Rhubarb in Powder two
Ounces and a half 5 Salt of Worm-
wood a Dram 5 Orange Teel half
an Ounce ; grated Nutmeg two Scru-
ples 5 Cochinealj half a Dram. In-
fufe 48 Hours by a warm Fire-fide,
in a Quart of true Arrack. Strain
it off, and put it in a well cprked
Bottle for Ufe.

Of this two or three Spoonfuls may
be taken, two or three Times a Week,
or at Plcafure, with great Safety and Be-
nefit, without Interruption of Bufinefs,
or Studies, and continued even to ma-
ture old Age, if found neceflary. So true
is old Verulam's Aphorifm : * Nihil ma-
gis canducit ad Sanitatem & Longavi-

tatem

^ Noibtf^ c9iUrlbut€S more to Health and Long Zifi,
tbaafrefuent Family Purges.

gS ^tEssAY of Health

tatem quam crebra & domejtica purga-
tioTies. And the Gentlemen of the Img
Robey thofc of learned Profeffions and
contemplative Studies, muft of Neccflity
at laft take Sir Charles Scarborough's Ad*
vice, as 'tis faid, tothe Dutchefs of jP^r;^
mouth: Ton muft eat lefsy or ufe more
Exercife^ or take ^hyficky or bejick.

§. I o. Thofc who have written about
Health have given many RuleSy where-
by to know when any Perfon has exceed-
ed at a Meal: I think, there needs but
xhxsP)ort one, which is 5 If any Man has
cat or drank fo much, as renders him
unfit for the duties and Studies of his
Profcflion (after an Hour's fitting quiet
to carry on the Digcftion j) he has over-
done. I mean only of thofe of learned
Profcfllons zndftudious Lives 5 for thofe
of mechanical Employments muft take
the Body, the other Part of the com^
poundy into Confideration. If tender
People, and thofe of learned Profeffions
would 2;o bv this Ruky there would be
little Ulc for 'Phyfick or Thyjicians ia
chronical Cafes, Or if they would but
eat only one Part oi animal Food, at the
great Meal, and make the other two of
vegetable Foodi and drink only Water

with

cmd hoNG Life. 3^

with a Spoonful of Wine, or dear fmall
Beers their Appetites would be a fuffi-
cient Rule to determine the Quantity of
their Meat and Drink. But l^ariety of
Diflies, the luxurious Artfuhiefs of Cook-
ery^ and fwallowing rich Wine after eve-
ry Bit of Meat, fo lengthen out the Ap-
fetite i the Fondnefs of Mothers, and the
Cramming of Nurfcs have fo ftretchcd
the Capacities of Receiving, that there
is no Security from the Appetite among
the better Sort, 'Tis amazing to think
how Men of VoluptuoufnefSy Lazinefs^
and poor Confiitutions^ fliould imagine
themfelves able to carry off Loads of
high-feafoned Foods, and inflammatory
Liquors, without Injury or Pain 5 whca
Men of mechanick Employments, and
Tobuji ConJiitutionSy are Icarcely able to
live healthy and in Vigour to any great
Age, on a iimple, low, and almoil vege-
table Diet.

5. II. Since then our Appetites arc
deceitful, and IVeight and Meafnre trou-
blcfomc and finguiar 5 we muft have Rc-
courfe to a Rule independent of our JV;/-
fationSj and free from unneccflary Trou-
ble and Pain. To anfwer which, 1 know
nothing but Eatins; and Drinking by our

hre :

40 j^n Essay I?/ Health
Eye. that is, determining firil of all ci-
ther by Weight or Meafure, or by par-
ticular Obfcrvation or Experiment, the
Bulk, or Number of Mouthfuls of Flclh
Meat, and the Number of Glaflcs of ftrong
Liquors, under which we are bcft; and
then by our Eyt determining an equal
Quantity at all Times for the future :
Thus the two Wings of a middling 'Pul-
let, or one Wing and both Legs j three
Ribsofa middlingNcck oi Mutton, two
middling Shces of a Leg or Shoulder,
throwing away the Fat and the Skim
fomewhat lefs of Beef, may be fufficJent
for Flcfh Meat, at the great Meal. Por
we are fo wifely contrived, that our Food
need not be adjufted to jnathematical_
Points : A little over or under will
no Difference in our Health. As
Tork, and all Kinds of Hog's Flel
think they ought to be forbidden
tndinary and ftudious People, as
were the Je'X's: They feed the f<;
of any Creature, and theirjuices are
rankefl ; their Subftancc the moft fttr-
feiting, and they are the mod fubjcft to
cutaneous Difcafcs and Putrcfaftion, of
any Creature ; infomuch, that in the
Time of a 'Plague, or any epidemical Di-
ftcniper, they ace univcrfally dcftroycd
by

and ho N G LtFE« 41

by all wife Nations^ as the Southern Peo-
ple do mad Dogs in the hot Months.
The fame Cenfure I fhould pafs upon all
Fsjh. Moft Fijb live in zfjdtijh Element,
and come only into frejb Water Rivers,
for the Quictnefs and Conveniency of
bringing forth their young oncs; This
makes their Parts more dofely united and
harder of Digeftion. Beitdes, as I liave
before obfcrved, they feed upon one a-
nother, and their Juices abound with a
Sak that corrupts the Bloody and breeds
chr§nical Difeafes. And 'tis always ob-
(ervable, that thofe who live much on
Fifi are infcded with the Scurvy ^ cuta-
meous EruptidnSy and the other Difeafes
of a /^/ Blood. And every Body finds
himfelf more thirfty and heavy than ufual
after a full Meal of Fifty let them be
ever fo freftij and is generally forced
to have Kecourfe to Sprits and diftiiled
Liquors to carry them off: So that it is
•become a Vroverby among thofe that
live much upon them, that Brandy is
IsOfinfoT Fijb. Befidcs, that after a fiill
Meal of Fifh^ even at Noon, one never
flceps fo (bund the enfuing Night ; as is
certain ftom conftant Obfervation. Thefe
few Hints may ferve the valetudinary
PcrioD, in a groft Manner^ to judge by

Q the

4^ AiEssxY of Health

the Eje the ^antitj^ of folid Flcfli Mcjir
he takes or ought to take down : For I
/udge the mention'd Quantities to be ra-
ther a little under than over eight Ounces.
As to Broths, SoopSy and J elites y if they
be ftrong, I account them equal in Nou-
rifhment and harder to digeft than the
fame Weight of folid Flefh Meat 5 and
three or four common Spoonfuls, at moft,
make an Ounce in Weight in Liquids 5
and about double the Number of Bits
commonly fwallowed at once make the
fame Weight in folid Flefh Meats for
Exaftnefs is not here requifite.

J. 12. T^rink is the other Part of our
Food. The common ^rink here in
England is either Water, Malt-Liquor,
or Wine, or Mixtures of thefe 5 for Cy-
der znd Verryzie drank but in few Places,
and rather for Pleafure and Variety than
common Ufe. Without all peradven-
ture. Water was the primitive, original
Beverage, as it is the only Simple Fluid
^for there are but /^r^^ more in Nature,
Mercury y Light y and^/r, none of which
is fit for human T>rink) fitted for diluting^
moiftening and cooling ; the Ends of T^rink
appointed by Nature. And happy had
it been for the Race of Mankind other

mixt

. c»c/Lo N G Li FE. 43

mixt. and artificial IXc^ots had never
been invented. It has been an agreea-
ble Appearance to me to obferve, with
what Freflinefs and Vigour^ thofe who,
tho' eating freely . of jFlefh Meaty yet
drank: nothing but this Element y have
lived ia Htalth^ IndaJencey and Chearful-
nefsy xo/z gtczt Age. fVater alone is
fufficicnt and effcdual for all the Pur-
pofc^ of human Wants 'm^rink. Strong
Liquors were ne^yer defigned for com-
moxi.Ufe ; They were formerly kept (here.
in England) as other Medicines are, in
Afo^hec^ies Shops y and prefcribed by.
^hyficianSy as they do ^iafcordium and
Vknice-Treach i to refrefh xhcPVearyy to
ftrength^n .the Weak^ to give Courage
to jttoe paint 'heart edy and raife the Low-,
fpirited* And it were as juft and rcafo-
nable to fee Men {and if they go on, it
19 not impoiTible I nyay hear of it, lince
h^ndmum is already . taken into Feafis
zod jEntertainments) itt down to a Difh.
of ff^fnice-Treafley . or Sir Walter Raw-
higif^ Confe^iony with a Bottle of Hy- ,
Jferifk Cordialy as to a Difh of Craw-
ffthSi^opi . an O^ - Cheek or Venifon-
^aft^y yf%x\x a Bottle of Hermit age y or
Xocka^r Or which fome prefer to either
ctfx ritfm, a Bowl of Punch. IVine

G 2 is

44- j4n Essay of He A J.TH

j is now become as common as fVaten
and tlic better Sort fcarce ever dilute
their Food with any other Liquor. And
we fee, by daily Experience, that (as na-
tural Caufes will always produce their
proper Eftedts) their Blood becomes in-
flamed into Gouty Stone, and Rbeuma-
tifm, raging Fevers, 'Pleurifies, Small
"Pox, or Meafles ; their Paffions are en-
raged into parrels. Murder, and Blaf'
phemy i their juices are dried up j and
rheir Solids fcorch'd and {hrivcl'd. Thofc
whole Appetite and Digeftion is good
and entire, never want ftrong Liquors to
fupply J^/r//x ; Such Spirits arc too "ytfi-
latiie and fugitive for any folid or ufcfiil
Purpofes in Life. Two Ounces of Flejb
Meat, well digcftcd, beget a greater Stock
of more durable and ufcful Spirits, than
ten Times as iv,\iQ\\flreng Limtors, which
nothing but Luxury and Concupifcence
makes ncccfl'ary. Happy thofc, whom
their 'Parents-, their natural Avcrfion to
ftrong Liquors, or whom kind 'Provi-
dence among the better Sort, has brought
to the Age of Maturity and "Difiretiony
without dealing in or defiring any great
§luantity oi ftrong Liquors : Their 'Paf-

Jions have been calmer, tiieir Senfatiens
more

and Long Life.

more exquijite, their Appetites lefs unruly ^
and their //(f^?^moreunintcrrupted,than
any other natural Caufe could have pro-
duced. And thrice happy thcyi, who con-
tinue this Courfe to their laft Minutes.
Nothing is more ridiculous than the com-
mon ^/f^z for continuing in drinking on,
large ^antities of ffirituous Liquors ;
viz. Becaufe they have been accultomed
fo to do, and they think it dangerotts to
leave it oif, all of a fudden. It were as
rcafonable for him that is fallen into the
Fire or Water to lie there, becaufe of
the Danger of removing him fuddenly.
For neither Element will dcftroy him
more certainly, before his Time, than wal-
lowing in7?ro»^ Z,;^«tfri'. If the i^(?K-
tity of ftrong Liquors they have been ac-
cuftomed to, may be fuppol'ed prejudicial
to their Health, or to introduce nexious
Humours into the Hahtt i the Iboner a
Stop be put to it, the better. No Man
is afraid to forbear ftrong Liquors in an
acute Diftemper, what Quantity foever
he might have drank in his Health : And
yet any fudden Change of the Humours
would not only be more dangerous then,
than at any other Time ; but alio would
mote readily happen and come to pafs, in
1 critical Cales. For the whole Syfiem
of

46 j4nEssAY of Health

of the Fluids y being in a Ferment at ioni
fmall Changes or Errors then, would not
only bempJCQf^t^ly but niore plain and ob-
vious. Aadt if a Perfon be in Hazard by
fuch a fudden Alteration^ he cannot Jive
long by taking down fo much Toijbn^
But the Matter oiFa£iis falfe and ground-
kfs. Por I have known and obferved
cpnftant good EfFeds from leaving off
fuddenly great Quantities of fFine and
Fkp) M^ats too, by thofe long accuftonv
cd to both, am ready to name the Per-,
fons, and never obferved any. ill Confc-
quence from it in any Cafe whatfoever,
Thqfe whofe Conftitutions have been
quite broken^ and running into ^ijjolu-
Z/V^, have lived longer, and been lefs
pained in Sicknefs by fo doing: ,Ai\4
thofe who have had a Fund in Naturp
to laft longer, have grown better, and
attained their End by it... I allow eye^y
Man, that has been aqcuftomed to drink
PFinCy or ftrong Liqiters^ a Pint in. 24.
Hours : And I am well fatisfied, that
^antity is fufficicnt ioi Healthy let their
Cuftom have been what it wUlt Th^U
Spirits may indeed jiag^^inA Jink a kittle
at firft, for Want of iiitrpduced G^ick-
lime and Fire, But Low-fpiritednefs., in
fuch a Cafe, I count. nQjPjtfeafe. . ArjI

bearing

and L o N 6 L I F £. 47

bearing it for fome Time, is bountiful-
ly rccompenccd by tlie Health, Indo-
lence^ and Freedom of Spirit s^ they after-
wards enjoy : Not taking into Confide-
ration their being refcued from the Ty-
ranny of fo immoral and mifchievous a
Habit. It may be fufficient for thofe
who are tender, ftudious, or contempla-
tive, to drink three Glafles of Water with
a Spoonful of Wine at the gr^at Meal.
And as Sir fV. Temple has it. One for
your Self, another for your FriendSy a
third for good Humour, and a fourth for
your Enemies, are more than fufficient
after it.

► Jf. 13. A great Miftake committed in
this Affair is, that moft People think the
only Remedy for Gluttony is drunken-
nefs, or that the Cure of a Surfeit of
Meat is a Surfeit of Wine : Than which
nothing can be more falfe, or contrary
to Nature 5 for, 'tis lighting, as the Say-
ing is, the Candle at both Ends. For,
firft of all, IVine and all other ftrong Li-
quors are as hard to digcft, and require as
much Labour of the conco^ive Powers,
as Jlrong Food itfelf. This is not only
evident with Refped to People of weak
Stomachs^ but alfo from hence^ thatheaU

thy

48 ^« Es s A r o/ H E A t T « ^B

thy People who drink only fVater, or
■weak fmall Beer, fiiall be able to eat and
digell almoft double of what they could,
did they drink ftrong Liquors at their
Meaisy as every one that plcafes may ?*•-
ferience. WaUt is the only univerfal
Diflblvcnt or Menfiruum, and the mod
certain Diluter of all Bodies proper foif
Food i tho* there are a great many that
jPiritmus Liquars not only will not diC-
foJve, but will harden, and make more
undigefiihle t efpccially the Salts of Bo-
dies, \i\\zx:^mx[\Q.\iaBive G^alities, that
is, thofc which can do moft Harm to hu-
man Conjlittitions, confift. And I have
known Men of weak and tender Conjii'
tutions, who could neither eat nor di-
geft upon drinking of IVine, who, by
drinking at Meals common Water heat-
ed, have recovered theii' Appetites and
'Digeftion, havethrivcn and grown plump,
'Tis true ftrong Liquors, by their Heai
and Stimulation on the Organs of Con-
coftion, by encrcaitng the Velocity of the
Motion of the Fluids^ and thereby quick-
ening the other animal FunBions, will
carry off the Load that lies upon the
Stomach, with more prefent Chcarful-
nefs : Yet, befidcs the future Damages o(
fuch a ^antitjr ofWine, to the Stomach

I" itnd LongLife. ^9

and to the Fluids, by its Heat and In-
jlammation, the Food is hurried into the
Habit, nnconcoBed, and lays a Founda-
tion for a Fever, a Fit of the Cholick,
or feme chronical Difeafe.

y. 14. Another Miftake I Ihall ob-
ferve, is the extreme Fondnels Perfons
of the better Sort here in England,
have lately run into, for the ftrong and
high Country Wines. I can think of
no Rcafon for this, but the very ho-
neft one the Vulgar give for drinking
Brandy : that they get (boner drunk on
it. For furcly the middling lighter
Wines, inflame Khz. animal'^\y\zt%\z£%, go
morceafily off xhz Stomach, and afford
more Room for long Converfation and
Chcatfulncfs. Excefs in them, gives
lefs Pain, and is fooner remedied. But
there are Degrees in this Matter. * Ne-
mo repente fuit turpij/imus. They begin
withthe weaker Winesj thefe byUfe and
Ha^ie will not do, they leave the Sto-
mach ftck and marjukip}, they muft fly to
ilronger Wine, andftrongcr ftill, and run
the + Climax, through Brandy to Bar-
badoes Waters, and double diftill'd Spi-
rits, 'till at laft they can find nothing
H hot

Ifo Body btcomts txtrrmtij had all at entt*
Sift bibber bj iJejjref i.

5o j^hEssax of Health ^B

hot enough foe thcDi. People who have
.any Regard for their Health or Lives,
ought to tremble at the firft Cravir^s^
for fuch poyfonous Liquors. Strong
Heaters iliould never be taken but
I by the 'Dire^ion of a Thyjiciant or in
-the Agmies erf" ^eath. For when Per-
■ . Ions arrive at that State, that they become
Lneccflary to their Eafe and Freetiom of
*• Spirits) they may be juftly reckoned a-
mbng the i)eadt both as to the (hort
. Time they have to live, and the little Ufe
■they can be of either to thcmfelves or
.Mankind. I (peak not here of thofe who
. «re under an aftual Fit of the Gout, or
ChoUck in the Stomach. {H^e muft not
die for fear of dying.) Nor am I rccom-
(tnending four Verjuice or unripe fVines,
But I cannot help being well fatisficd,
■both trom Reafon and Experience, that
-the light IVines, of a moderate Strength,
due j4ge and full Maturity, arc much
jlfefcrable for Chearfulnefs and Conver-
fation, much more wholeifome for human
^Conftitutitms-, and much more proper for
^igejiion than the hot and ftrong Wines.
The richj ftrong, aud heavy Wines ought
never to be t^cd without a fufficient
, Dilution of Water } at Icaft they fliould
|» ufedg likp Brand][ o; Spirits, fora Cor-
dial

and Long Lifi.

dial *. j^d fummum tria pocula fume.
Whatfoevcr is more cometh of Sifti
and muft be diluted witli the Waters of
Repentance.

^. 1$. I have no Intention here to
diicouragcthe innocent Means of fw/ivfn-
ing Converfation, promoting Frieneifliip,
comforting the 7tfrr(7K/a/ Heart, and rai-
flng the drooping Spirits, by the cheer-
ful Cup zndxhc facial Repaft. Perhaps I
may like the harmlefsiro/t^j^, the warm
Reception of a Friend, and even the f
1)uke Furere itfelf, more than I ought:
Pcrfons fober in the main, will receive
little Prejudice from fuch a Fillips when
the Occafions happen but leldom, and
cfpccially when they make it up, by a
greater Degree of Abftinence afterwards.
But a Sot is the loweft Charafter in Life.
Did only xhz'^rofligate-, the Scoundrel^ the
Abandon' d, run into thefe Excefics, it were
in vain to endeavoLir to reclaim them,
as it were, to ftop a Tempefi, or calm a
Storm, but now rhar the Vice is be-
come Epidemical, fince it has got not
only among Mechanicks and Tradefmen,
but among Pcrfons of the biighteft Ge-
H a nius^

* i. e. At mofl to tail but ttirtt (mail Clajfes of fucb.
■f- Horac. i. c ^n a^rfeath Frelhk or Extravd^we-

51 y4«EssATo/ Health ^I

nitts, the fineft Ta^ey and the moft ac-
compliih'd ydff J ; and (oh that 1 could
give my Confcience the Lj/e, in men-
tioning them !) even among the frfi and
ieaji fallen Part of the Creation itfelf,
and thofe of them too, of the moft ele-
gant Tarts, and the ftrideft Virtue o-
thcrwife ; and which is fttU the moft fur-
prifing of all, even thofe too, who arc
in all other Rcfpefts blamelcfs. Since
I fay the Cafe is fo, it will not be amifs
to ihcw, to the Evidence of a 'Demon-
firation, the Folly as well as the Fruit-
leflhefs of fuch a Courfe. A Fit of the
ChoUckt or of the Vapours^ a Family-
misfortune, a cafual'Dtfappointment, the
^eath of a Child, or of a Friend, with
the Afllftancc of the Nurfe, the Midwife,
and rhe next Neighbour, often give Rife
["and become the weighty Caulcs of fo
I 'fatal an Etfed. A little Lms^nefs requires
•*^rops, which pafs readily down under
► the Notion of Thyfick; Drops beget
r 'Drams, and *Z)ri2»;j- beget more'DrdMJ,
^^ill they come to be without Weight
''and without MealUrc; fo that atlaflthc
miferable Creature fufters a true Mar-
tyrdom, between its natural j\/<?(i(P/?y, the
great Necefliry of concealing its Crav-
ings, and the ftill greater one of getting
them fatislkdyi'/?;;' ho'^\ Higher and more

and Long Life.

feveteHtso(IIj'Jfericks,Tremars,andCo7i-
vul/tanSj begot by thcfe, bring forth far-
ther Necejftty upon NecfJJtty, of TiropSf
^ramsy and Gills-, 'tili at laft a kind
Tiropfy., nervous Cowvulfions-. a nervous
Atrophy, or a coUoquative ^iarrhaa, if
not a Fever, or a Frenzy, fct the poor
Soul free. It has very often raifcd in
mc the moft melancholy Reflexions, to
fee even the Virtuous, and the Senflbk,
bound in fuch Chains and Fetters, as
nothing Icfs than omnipotent Grace, or
the unreientivg Grave could rclcafe
them : They were deaf to Reafon and
Medicine i to their own Experience,
and even to the cxprefs Words of
Scripture, th.it fays, the 'Drunkard pjall
not inherit the Kingdom of Heaven. Did
this bewitching 'Poifon actually cure or
relieve them, from 1 ime to Time ■-, fomc-
thing might be Hiid to extenuate the Fol-
ly and Frenzy of fuch a Courfc. Cut,
on the contrary, it heightens and enrages
all their Symptoms and Sufferings, ever
afterwards, excepting the few Moments
immediately after taking it down ; and
every Dram begets the Neccllity of two
more, to cure the ill Effects of the
_/fr/?; and one Minutes Indolence they pur-
chafe with many Hours of greater 'Pain
and Miferys befides the making \\icMa-
lady^

54. An Essay of Health V

ia/(y more incurable. Lew-jpiritednefs,
in itfelf is no Dircafe } befidcs that there
are Remedies in ^rt that will always re-
lieve it> fo long as there is any 0/7 re-
maining in the Lamp ; and 'tis in vain,
to try to raife the Dead. Exerci/e, Ab-
fiinence, and proper E'vacuattons, with'
Time and Tatiencc, will continually make
it tolerable., very often they will perfe^Iy
cure it. The running into 'Drams is
giving up the whole at once ; for nei-
ther Laudanum nor Arfenkk will kill
more certiinly, although more quickly.
The Pretence of its being Thyjick, or a
prefent Remedy, is trifling. Cordials of
any Kind, even out of the Apothecaries.
Shops, arc but Reprieves for a Time, to
gain a Refpite^ 'till proper and extirpat-
ing Remedies can take Place j and arc
never to be ufed twice, the one imme-
diately after the other, but in the laft
Neceliity. And I can honeftty lay, I ne-
ver failed of relieving, lb as to make
Life tolerable^ vapotirt^, hyfierical, or
hypochondriacal Perfons, who would be
governed in their Diet, by the Ufe of
other proper il/fd»x, if there was a Fund
in Life, and no incurable Difeafe, com-
plicated with Lownefs. Thus much the
Weight of the Subjccl forced from one;
more

and Lo NG Li F E. 55

more than this, its T^ifa^reeablenefs hin-
ders me to fay.

g". itf. Ncxtto93rflMr, no Liquor dct
fcrvcs more to be ftigmatizcd and banifli*
cd the Rcpafts of the Tender^ Valetudi~.
nary, and Studious^ than Punch. 'Tia
a Compoiition of fuch Parts, as not on«
of them is falutary, or kindly to fuel*
K^onftitutionSj except the pure Element
in it. The principal Ingredient is Rum^
Arrack, Brandy, or Malt Spirits^ a»
they are called, all of them raifed bjp
the Fire, from the fermented Juices oZ
Plants, brought from Southern Coun-
tries, or which have longcft born tho
Heat of the Sun in our own Climate i
And 'tis obfervablc, that every Thing
that has paft the Fire, to that it has had
due Time to divide and penetrate its
Parts, as far as it polfibly can, retains a
caujlick, corroji've, and burning ^ality
ever afterwards. This is evident from'
ihc fiery and burning Touch and Tafie of
new-drawn Spirits, as al fo from the burn-
ing of Litne-fione, which, tho' extin-
guiili'd by Boiling Water, does ever after
retain its heating and drying ^w//^;', as
appears from the great Ufc of Lime-fVa-
Per, in drying up all humid Sores, when
givca iuwardly t>y Jilclf, pr compounded

56 ^ff Essay of Health

' "With fudofific Woods and Roots, and
from its Succefs in outward Applications
for the fame Purpofes. And the' Time
may in fome Mcalure get the better of
this, in its fenfibk and obvious Operationst
yet fince PVater is a groflcr Body than Fire^
or Flame, it never can penetrate it fo far as
quite to cxtinguifh its inmoft Heat i efpe-
cialiy if we confiderjthatty/'rr//'jarebutan
j^ccumulation of fine Salts and light Oil,
compared together into the fmallcft P^o-
lumti the _fir^ whereof is lb hard and
folid, as naturally to retain their Heat
the longcft, into which IVater cannot
enter ; the other, to wit the Oyle, is fo
inflamable, that it moft readily receives
Heat and Fire, and defends the Salts
from the Fovt'cr of Pl^ater over them.
And in the continued Tiijlillation of Spi-
rits, this Aftion of the Fire is fo ftrong,
as to reduce them to liquid Flames at
laft, which will of themfclves evaporate
in vifible Flames and Fumes. The othct
ptincipal Part of the Compofition is the
Juice of Oranges ^Tid. Lemons. And if we
confider, that a Lemon or Orange could
never be tranfportcd half Seas over to
us, without rotting or fpoiling.if gather*
cd when wholly ripe, we (hould have
no great Opinion of their Juices. Eve-
ry Spanif} ot yom/g-tf/ Merchant can in-

oKtiLoNG Life. 57

form us, that they miift be gathered
green, or at leaft a Month before they
are ripe, clfe they are not fit to be fenc
beyond the Seas. The Sea- Air, and their
being ftut up clofe, gives them i\\%x goU
den yellirjD Colour, wc To much admire.
The Juice of a Crab Apple, of unripe
Gr^es, or Goofeherries, or even good
yttice of Sorrel, would come up at leaft
to their Virtue of cxtingaiHiing the Heat
of Spirits, if not to their Flavour. And
how kindly a Gueji fuch Juices would
be to the fine Fibres of weak Stomachs
and Bowels, I leave every one to judge.
The Truth is, iSS. ferment ing'yx\cz%, fuch
as ihefe eminefitly arc, muft be highly
injurious to weak Confiituiions ; for meet-
ing with the Crudities in the Borsjels,
they muft raife a new Battle and Col-
luBation there, and fo muft blow up the
whole Cavities of the human Body, with
acrid Fumes and Vapours, the great and
fore Enemy of fuch Bowels. And in the
Wefi Indies, where from the Neceffity
of drinking much, bccaule of the Vio-
lence of the Heat, and from the Want
of proper Liquors there, they are forc'd
to drink much TUNCH, tho' Lemons
and Oranges be in their full Perfection,
they are univerfally afflicted with Ncr-
V9KS and Mortal dry- Bellj-acheSy Talfies,
Mij I Cramps

58 ^« Essay (?/ Health

C Cramps, and Convuljions -, which cut
them off in a few Days, entirely owing
to x.h\s poifonous Mixture.

The Bath-JVater is the only Remedy
in Tuth Cafes, whither they all haften,
if they can get thither a^ive. And here
I have been infoim'd of this FaB, by
Wen of the Trofeffion, as well as their
patients, who univert'ally afcrib'd them
to tht^ir drinking of-Pf/ i\rC// and Spi-
' rituous Liquors. If j^cids muft be had,
without all peradvcnture , the P^inous
ones, arc the bcft and fafeft. The Ro'
mans, the' they had the vegetable ^f/j/r
in Perfeftion, made very little Ufe of
ihcm but in Cookery^ where the Quan-
tity of the 'Poifon was fo fmall, as
liot to do fufficicnt Harm, to forbid
their ufing them for the Sake of the
CXquifite ReliHi they gave their Sauces i
and the conftant Drink of the lower
Souldiery was P^tnegar and Water, which
they found of £xcellent Ufc, both as it
. prevented Feniers, 'Plagues, and ^utre-
Vfafiion; and alfo as it gave an Energy
to the unaflivc Element^ and hindered
it from lodging in the Body, Hepce
alfo the great XJic of Oxymel and Oxy-
frate, (that is, of Vinegar with Honey
■ and with Water) among all the antiertl
^"^hyfcians. And indeed, whenever
they

' L O N G I, * F E.

they prefcrib'd an Acid, they very pru-
dently join'd a Cortcflive with it, both
to piomore its good^ and to prevent
its bad Eftcdts. The two remaining In-
gredients are Sugar and Water 5 and
thefe I will give up to the ^unch-
T)rinkers, and. allow them all the Be-
netit of them, ihcy can bring to this
Compofition : Yet it will ftiJl have Ma-
lignity llifficient remaining, to be held
in Dctcftation, (at leaft for any great
Ufe, Of in any great ^ajiBf;/y, for Ibmc
^oifans arc lb only by their ^laniity)
by thole tender and valetudinary Pcrfons,
who value Health and Life. The
Strong, the Voluptuous, and tiic Aban-
doned, need no Advice, at leaft they
will take none. 1 could never fee any
Temptation, for any one in their Senfes,
to indulge in this Heatheni^ Liquor,
but that k ftiakes its Votaries the fooneft,
and all of a fuddcn the decpeft Tirunky
holds then! iongcfl in the Fit, and de-
prives them the moft entirely of the Ufc
of their InfelleBaal Faculties, and Bo-
dily Organs, of any Liquor whatfocver.
It is likdl: Opium, both in its Nature,
and in the Manner of its Operation, and
ncareft Arfenick in its deleterious and
poifonons Qualities : And lo 1 leave it to
them,

I i H^h»

^o An Essay of Health

' Who knowing this, will yet drink on
and die.

g. 17. As to Malt Liquors, they arc
not much in Ufc, excepting fmall Beer,
with any but Mechanickf and Fox-hunt-
ers. The French very juftly call them
Barley 'Soop. 1 am well fatisfied, a weak
Stomach can as readily and with lefs Pain,
digeft jP^r/fc, and Teafe-Soop, as Tork^
Jbire or Nottingham Ale. They make
excellent Bird-lime, and when fimmefd
fome time over a gentle Fire, make the
moft flicking, and the beft Vlaifier, for
eld Strains that can be contrived. Even
the fmall Beer that is qommonly drank
at London, if it be not well Boiled, vc-
ry Clear, and of a due Age, muft be hurt-
ful to Perfons of weak Nerves, znd Jlow
^Digejiion. '^ot fermenting again in the
alimentary Channels, it will fill the whole
Cavities of the Body with Windy Fumes
and Vapours, which will at Length play
odd Tranks in a crafy Conftitutioo. In
Fine, the Valetudinary, Studious, and
Contemplative, muft be contented with
a "J^int of middlings light Wine a Day,
one half with> and the other without
[Water.

J. 18. Since the T\mt foreign Latxwy
has been brought to. its Perfe£fcion here,

theie

md Long Life.

there arc a kind of Liquors In Ufe among
the better Sort, which fbme great doc-
tors have condemn'd, by Bell, Book,
and Candle, and others have as cxtra-
vangantly commended : I mean. Coffee,
Tea, and Chocolate. For my own Part,
I take all their Virtue to confift in Cu-
fiom, and all their Harm in Excefs. As
to Coffee, it is a mccr Calx, or a Kind
of burnt Horfe Bean, but lighter on the
Stomach, and of fomewhat a better Fla-
vour. The Turks ufe ;'/, and Opium in-
ftead of Brandy. But the Plea that fome
make for running into Excefs in it, from
this Mahometan Cuftom, is altogether
weak and groundlefsj for thofc that do
(o there, fuffer by it, as we do here:
And thofe that Debauch in it, turn Stu-
pid, Feeble, and 'Paralitick by it, efpe-
cially when they join Opium with it,'"as
they frequently do, as thofe who wal-
low in thcfe, do here, and are as much
defpis'd and cxpos'd by fcrious Perfons,
as our Topers and Brandy-ffmllers are
here. A Difti or two oi Coffee, with a
little Milk to foften it, in raw or damp
Weather, or on a JFaterijh and Flegma-
tick Stomach, is not only innocent, but
a prefent Relief. But 'tis as ridiculous,
and perhaps more hurtful, at leaft in thin
aad dry Habits, to dabble in it two or
three

63 ^w Ess AY ff/" Health

three Times every Day, as it would be
for I'uch to drink norhing but fcalding
Lime-floater. There arc two Kinds ot'
Tea in Utc, Green and Bohea. Mr.
Cuninghamt who liv'd feveral Years ia-
China^ a very learned and accurate Pcr-
fon * informs us, that they ate both ga-
thered from the fame Shrub, but at dif-
ferent Scafons of the Year j and that the
Bohea is gather'd in the Spring, and is
dried in the SuUy the Green at the Fire.
But I fufpcft, and not without Autho-
rity, that, bcfides thcfe Differences in
drying, Tome Infufion of another Plaat
or Earth (perhaps fuch a one as that o£
Japan Earth, or Catechu ) muft be pour-
ed on fome forts of Bohea Tea, to give
it tlic Softnefs, FUvaur, and Heaviwfs
on the Stomach it has, whetcby it be-
comes a meet "Drug, and wants tiic na»
tural Simplicity of Green Tea^ which
when light, and drank neither too ftrong
nor too Hot, 1 take to be a very pro-
per Diluent, when foftn'd with a lit-
tle Milk, to clcanle tiic alimentary
Paflagcs, and waOi off the Scorhutick and
Urinous Salts, for a Breakfaft, to thcfe
who live full and freej as alio it, or TV*
made of a (He'd Orange or LeTruntf is
one of the beft: promoters of 'D^efitm
after

" » Vide Piiil. Collefl.

mtd Long Life.

«?

after a full Meal, or when one is adry
between Meals, and much more (afc
and effedual than l^rams or ftrong Cor-
dialSy which are commonly ufcd for that
Purpofe. Some Perfons of weak tender
Nerves, fall into Lownefs and Trem-
bling upon ufing either of thcfc Liquors
with any Freedom, from their too great
^antity, or their Irrilaltonon the ten-
der and delicate iv^rcj- of the Stomach.
Such ought carefully to avoid and ab-
ftain from them, as from 'Drams and
'Drops. But I can never be of their O-
pinion who afcribe the Frequency of
Scurvy, Vapours, Ltywf^iritednefs, and
nervous Diftempers now, to what they
were in the Days of our Forefathers, to
the Cuftom of Drinking more frequent-
ly and freely of thcfc yi-r^/^w Infttfions.
The Caufe is not adequate to the Etfect i
nor indeed has any Analogy to, or Con-
nexion with it. Wc kiiow that warm
Water, willmoftofany Thing promote
and a(fift 'Digeftion in weak Stomachs
and tender Nerves. And by this alone
I have iccn fcveral fuch Perfons recover to
a Miracle, when celd Mineral Waters,
Bitters, Cordials ^nA'Drams, i>ave done
rather Hurt than Good, And Tea is
but an Infnjion in Warcr of an innocent
Plant ; Innocent, I fay, bccaufe wc find
— by

64. ^» Ess AY 0/ Health ^*

by its Taftc it has ncitiicr poifonouSj de-
leterious not acrimmious Qiiaiitiesi and
wc are certain from its Ufc in the
Countries it comes from, (which are larg-
er than moft of fiaro/'f) that they receive
no Damage from it, but on the contra-
ry, that it promotes both T>igeftion and
^erfpiration. The Argument from its
relaxing the Coats of the Stomach and
Bowels by its Heat^ is of no force. For
unlcfs it be drunk much hotter than
the Blood itfelf, it can do no hurt that
way: And wc fee the Bath Guides, who
dabble in Water almoft as hot as Tea is
ever drunk, a great Part of the Day, and
for one half of the Year at Icaft, arc no
ways injured by it ; except when fhey
Aim!^Jirong Liquors, too freely to quench
the Thirft it raifcs. However, I Ihould
advife thofe who drink Tea plentifully,
not to drink it much hotter than blood-
•warm--, whereby they will receive all its
Benefit^ and be fecure againft all the
Harm it can poflibly do. As to Choco-
late, I am of opinion, it is too hot and
heavy, for •valetudinary Perfons ; and
thofe of weak Nerves. I have before
obferved, that Nuts pafs through the
alimentary PafTagcs untouched ; and tho'
they may part with fome of their more vo-
/tf//7(?Pai'ticles,yet,Idoubtiftheycanatfprd.

aitd Lp If G L ; F E.; . 65

muc^ oourifhroem to Perfoiif of weak
IDigeJlims. Some fay. Chocolate gives
them ajc> Appetite j the njeaning of which
may Ije, ^:hftt when they have a good Ap-
petite for their Br^kffift 5 it is not unlike*
ly it may continue all the Day : But I
.am of opinion, : 'tis 2Lfalfe zjxd, hjjiericai
Appetite^ fuch as iharp Wines, and Iharp
jHnmours in the Stomach give, tot fat
and oify Things, ft^ch as ail Nuts are, are
Jbar$l to digeu, and lie long in the Sto-
mach, for reafons I have already e^-
plain'd : It may Jkikricate and iheath againil
the Irritation oi fait znd fharp Humours
4n the!Bowels, and therefore may be good
4n the Colicks and Gravel of thofe of
/Irong and ftoujf Digeftion 5 but can ne-
ycr be good Food for thofe of weak
JN^erves zndpodr Confiitutions. Nothing
j& io light and eafy to the Stomach, moft
^ceftainly, as the Farinaceous or piealy
'Vegetables 5 fuch as Teafcy Beans ^ Mil-
Jet J OatSj Barfyi^ Rye^ Iflseat^ Sago,
Rice J ^otatoes^ zvtd the Jike 5 of fome
4>i which on Milk or Water ^ I fliould
ever advife the Valetudinary ^ and thofe
iof weak Nerves, to make their two lejfer
€>T fecandary Meals. Tobacco is another
foreign IVeed, m^di in ufe here in Bri^
tain, though not. among th^ ^, yet
among the v$f44lf -^pA infcfUf^p-Kz^
of the People : For thofe 0/ gr6i*s and

66 ^B Essay o/ Health '

'Phlegmatick Conftitutions, who abound
\aferous and watcy Humours, who are
Tubjcft to Coughs, Catarrhs, and afthma-
tick Indifpofitions ; who labour under vio-
lent Tooth-achSt or are troubled with
Rheums in their Eyes ; who have cold and
waterifh Stomachs, and live fully and
freely, both Smoaking and Chewing is
a very beneficial Evacuation, drawing off
JuperfuousHamouis, Crudities, and cold
Phlegm, provided they carefully avoid
fwallowing the ^«;(ji?j6, or the. Juice \ and
drink nothing, but rinfe their Mouths
with ibmc watry Liquor after it, and
fpititout. Batto thin,meagre, andhe^ick
Conftitutions, it is highly pernicious,
and deftruftive j heating their Blood, dry-
ing their Solids, and defrauding the Food
of that Saliva, which is fo abfolutely
necefiary towards ConcoBion. Snuffing
the Leaves, or the groITer Cut in a
Morning, will readily promote a Flux
of Rheum by the Glands of the Nofe ;
and will be of good uie, to clear rhe
Head and the Eyes. But the ridiculous
Cuftom, of perpetually fucking in fo-
phifticated Powders, and other Foreign
^rugs fold for Snujf, cannot but be
prejudicial both to the Eyes, and even
to the Stomach j at lead, if we believe
the Ryjorts of thofe who fay they have
brought it up from thence.

%■ IP, I

W Long Lite. 67

J. 19. I have endeavour'd to afliftthc
Jltader, with fomc Obfervations and
Heflexions, to enable him towards dc-
Krmining the ^antity and equality of
hisfolidFood, ncceffary either to prevent
or cure chronical Diftempers. It may
not be amils, here to make fome Refle-
xions alio on the fit Proportion of
^rink proper for thai purpofe ; As the
rood is, lb muft that be, various and
nncertam, with regard to the ^f, Size,
Labour, and Conjtitution of the Perfon,
and the Seafon of the Year. I have of-
fer 'd to limit the S^antity of flrong Li-
quors,fIttcft to prefcrve Health and length-
en out Life in general, to a Tound or
jP/B/, and that of the middling Kind.
But the Sickly, the Aged, and thofe
who would cure a chronical Diltcmper,
muft even abate of this Quantity. The
only remaining Queftion, is about the
Quantity of IVater, or watry Liquors,
proper to be mix'd with xixii Jlrong Li-
quor, or drunk by itfclf : For in thisalfo,
though in i felf harmlefs and innocent,
yet there is a Choice and Preference i
bccaufc , too much Water will only
fcrvc to diftend zn3.jb;ell up the Vcflcls,
and wafli oft' Ibine of the finer and more
nutritious parts of t\\t Chyle i and too
little, will not be fufficicnt to dilute the
fgiid Food, or to make the Chylt; thin
K. i and

6S ^nEssAY of Health

VitiA fluid enough, to circulate through the
fne and fmall Vcffcls. I will fuppofc
my Patient to deal in fto other Coakefi^
but Raafiki^ and Boiling ; and that ne
cats only frefb Meat. Bailing oAimat
Food, draws more of the ranky ftrortg^
Juices from it, and leaves it lefs nutti-
tive^ more dilutedy Ughrtety and eafiet
of' Digeftion. Roafting on the othet
hand, leaves it fuller of xkcftrorrg ituoi-
tive Juices^ harder to digeft, and wanting
more J}ifution: Thofe therefore, who
muft have fitll grown and adult animd
Food, ought to eat it boiled, and nsuetl
boiled too; if their Digeftion be but
weak. They who can live on young
animal Food, (which is beft for we^k
Stomachs,) ought to eat it roaftedy but
itiuft leflen the Quantity, in refped of
the fame Food hotted --, but they muft di-
late it more : For as roaft Meat has ^
better Flavour, and mote Nourifhment,
fo it lies \z{% flabby on the Stomach, and
docs not fo readily flif from, or difap-
p<5finr the A^ion of Grinding^ which
has fohic fhate in ^igeflionSy both pri^
mury ^n(X ft4bfequeni : But it will want
more :^rlutiony . with a watry ikfrtsr-
flnmmy to ibftrn its more rigid and
ntyp tibrts. "^"Ift^itxcforCj the whole
Wfci'siht of the Md^i'iJOTl; in twenty four
f?dttrf;^iuj^bfed*i'^ znd^ffd^i

P and ho a c hi F E. 69

then three 'Pounds of Liquor, that is,
one of ftrong Liquor, and two of fomc
aqueous fluid, will in a Medium, be
fufficicnt to, dilute it abundantly. For
thus there will be two Particles of a Fluid,
to one Iblid Particle; which abating the
foHd Parts thrown off by Sie^e, will ftif-
ficc to make the Chy/e abundantly thin,
to circulate through all the jfoe Channels,
v/hofciyiaffteters aYC larger than that of
the folid Particle, the principal End of
its Thinnefs and Fluidity. More than
this, would but diftend the Vclfcls, and
carry off the finer Parts of the Chyle by
fVater ox.'^erfpiration--, for we conftant-
ly find both thefe encrcafed by an over-
dofe oi Fluids: And lelii would not fuf-
ficiently dilute rhcir Food. I (hould ad-
vife thofe therefore, who have -,^-eak Sto-
machs, or relaxed Nerves, to mix their
Wine with the above-named quantity of
boiled Water, with a burnt Cruil, at lead
Bloodwarm,'!inAioAnnk JtaftcrthcirMca!
is over, if they can do it with cafe, rather
than in the Time of Eating : For the more
fpiritumis and moft nourifhing Parts of
the Food, will readily run off, without
much 'Dilution j and it will be the groffer
andi6<3r<i^i?rrcmainingPart, thai will want
it moft. And if fome time after their
great Meal, they find their Stomach load-
td, the Food rifing, hard Belching,
Heart-

JO An^ssK^ of Health

Heart 'burnings or much Tawning^ to fwill
down and dilute it with milk-warm, light
Green-Teay or warm Water, rather tfcuia
to run to i>rams and Cordials y the ufual,
biit moft pernicious Antidote in fuch
Cafes. And upon great and heavy Op-
prejffiany much trouble and great ftruggle
in the Digcftion, to have recourfe to
Carduus or Camomile-Flower Tea^ to
bring it up, rather than to trefpafi in
thefe foifonous and cauftick Liquors;
which, though they may at prefent lef-
fen the fufFering, and hurry on the frji
ConcoHion 5 yet make them dearly pay
for it, when the unconcoBed load of
Crudities comes to pafs by Siege or ^er-
fpiratiouy either in Colicksy Gripes ^ Va-
pours j and OppreJJion of Spirits ; or by
a general i>if ability and Rheumatick

Stitches and Pains.

• ■ /

J. 20. Upon the Head of Cordials
mentioned in one of the foregoing Ar-
ticleSy I cannot forbear fetting down one^
whofe Virtues and Efficacy I have long
tri,ed, and have never found it fail, when
any thing would fucceed : And I recom-
mend it (to be kept by them) to all thofe^
who are liable to low Spirit Sy Faint ingSy
OppreffionSy Sicknefs at the Stomach,
Head-achSj and yapqurs\ and alfo to
thofc who wanting to exert, tihemfcivcs

and Long Life. 71

in any bufindS of confequence, need a
FUw of Spirits for fomc fhoft time, fof
that purpofc 5 or indeed upon any fuddcn^
accident arifing of its own atcord, out
of the Habit itfelf 5 I think it a kind qf
ain univerfal Remedy y but never to be
ufcd, but upon fuch occafions ; becaufe>
Ufc may weaken it, if not extinguifli its
Vcrtue. Tisthus,

Take of fimple Chamomile Flower Wa*

ter^ fix Ounces i Compound Gentian^

and Wormwood Waters ^ each an

Ounce and a Half 5 Compound Spi-

• rit of Lavender y fal Volatile ^ Tinc-^

' ture of Cajior^ ztidGum Ammoniack
diflblved in fomc fimple Water,
each two Drams ; Tinftureof^y^^^/fe^^
weedy and Tindure of the Species
T^iambr£y each a Dram j the Chy-
mical Oils of Lavender y Juniper^
and Nutmegy each ten Drops, mix-
ed with a Bit of the Yolk of an Egg,
to make the whole uniform $ jiffih
fetida and Camphire in a Rag, each
half a Dram : But thefe may be left
out by thofe to whom they arc dit
agreeable.

Two, three or four Spoonfuls of this
is a prtfent Help in fuch Cafes. It will
^ccp fix Months good.

General

72 AiEssxY of Health

General Rules for Health and Lo^
Life^ drawn from the Head of
Meat and Drink.

I. 'Tp HE great Rule of Eating and
\ Drinking for ffealfb J istoadjuft
the ^ality and §luantity of our Food
to our digeftive Powers. The ^mlitj
may be judged by the following Rmes.

2. Thofe Stibfiances that confift pf the
grojfeji Parts are hardeft of ^igejiiom
the conftituent Particles coming into
more Conta£iSy and confequently adhe-
ring more firmly.

3. Thefe Std?ftances whofe Parts are
"brought together with the greateft F^rf^,
cohere proportionably clofer, than thofe
that come together with a fmaller ^ Mo-
mentum.

4. 4$^// J" are very hard to be fepcrated,
becaufe united by plain Surfaces^ under
which they are always comprehended.
And in the laft Stages of the Circulatmj
where it is flower, Jhoot readily into lar-
ger Clujiers^ and fo are harder to be dri-
ven out of the Habit. From thcfc we
may eafily infer, that (i.) Thofe Vegeta-
bles and Animals that come fooneft to
their full Growth are eafier of Di^eftion,
than thofe that are longer of attaining

thp

■' ' ' ' " 1 1 I J ■ ■ ..I ■ III - 1 1, I

* i. e. Force*

andhbHG Life. ^j

the State of Maturity. (2.) Thofe that
arc the fmallefi of their Kind, than the
biggeji. (3.) Thofe of a ^ry, 3?^yj;', and
fibrous Subftancey than the oily^ fat^ and
glutinous. (4*) Thofe of a white Sub*
ftance, than thofe of a more fiaming Co-
lour. (5.) Thofe of a mildy foft^ and
fweety than thofe of a ftrongy poignant^
aromaticaly or^^/Tafte. (6,) Land- A-
nimalsy than Sea-Animals, (7.) Thofe
Animals that live on VegetabteSy or other
light Food, than thofe that live on other
Animals y or hard and heavy Food. (8.):
The Nourifhment Nature has appointed
for young Animalsy is lighter than the
Flefh of thefe Animals themfelves.

5 . All crammed Poultry an^ ftall-fed
Cattle, and even Vegetables forced by
hot Beds, tend more to Tutrefa£iiony
and confequently are more unfit for hu-
man Food, than thofe brought up in the
natural Manner.

6. Tlaindrejfed Food is eafier of Di-
geftion, than what i^ pickled j fait ed^ baked^
fmoakedy or any Way high-feafoned,

7. Strong lAcWy thofe of /«r^^ Stature,
and much Labour y and the Inhabitants of
1 cold and clear Air, require more Food^
than IVomeny Children^ the IVeaky the Se-
dentary y and the Agedy and thofe that
live in a warmer CVimzUy or grofferAir^'

L «. Nothing

74 -^M Essay of Health^^™

s. Nothing conduces more to Health
and Long Liffy than Abft'mence znd^lain
Foody with due Labour.

9- Where Exercife is wanting (as in
fiudious Perfons) there is the greater Need
of Abflinetice ; for thefe, 8 Ounces of
animal, and 1 2. of vegetable Food, ia
24. Hours, is fufficient.

10. Moft chronical Dilcafes proceed
from Repletion ; as appears from their
being cured by Evacuation.

1 1 . Tender Perfons ought to ufe as
much Abftinence, as they pollibly can :
And, if they negledt it, their only Re-
lief is from frequent jlomachick and Fa-
mily-'Pttrges.

12. A plain Rule for judging of the
^antity is, not to cat fo much as in-
dilpofcs for Bufinefs.

13. A more fenfible and readier one
is, firft by Experience to find out how
much fits one, fo as to be lightfome and
healthy under it, and ever after to judge
the Giuantity by the Eye -, Nature requir-
ing therein no mathematical Exadnefs,

14. Vork and Fi/S are not fit Food for
the Studious and the Tender.

15. Water is the moft natural asd
wholcfome of aJl brinks, quickens the
Appetite, and ftrengthens the T>igeftio%
moft.

\6. Strang

" and LosG Life. 75

16. Strong and ^irituous Liquors free-
ly indulged, become a certain tho* a flow
Toifm.

17. There is no Danger in leaving
them off all at once ; the 'P/ea for con-
tinuing them being falfc and groundlefs.

18. The bcAJirong Liquor foe weak
And Jittdious People is IVine-., the bed
G}uantityj a Pint in 24. Hours ; and the
bcrt Way of drinking it is, three Glafles
iSDith^ and three without Water.

19. The middling, light Wines, fully
ripe, zndoi'^ due Age, are preferable to
tiie firong JFines.

20. Strong Liquors do not prevent the
Mifchicfs of a Surfeit, not carry it off,
fo fafcly as Water, tho' they fecm to give
prefent Relief.

21. The frequent Ufe of Spirits in
Grants and Cordials, is fo far from cu-
ring Low-fpiritednefs, that it increafes
it, and brings on more /<??(?/Difordcrs.

22. And even when they are diluted
with Water, in Punch, the Quantity
taken down at once, and the Addition
of a corroding Acid, produce equally
pernicious Effects in human Conftitut ion's.

2 3 . Malt Liquors (excepting clear fmall
Beer, of a due Age) are extremely hurt-
ful to tender and Jiudiotts Pctfons.

L 2 24, Coffee,

76 An Essay of Health

24. Coffee is only an Infujton of a
kind of CalXy and lias the EfFcds of an
abforbent Medicine 5 and fo may be of
fome Service to watry Stomachs^ if mo-
derately ufed.

2 5 . Green Tea is a good T>iluter of
the Food, as it is an agreeable, warmy
fmall Liquor : But Bohea is too heavy
for the Stomach.

26. Chocolate (as all Nuts elfe) is fo
heavy and hard of T)igeJliony that it can
»^x^^r be fit for the Stomachs of weak
and tender People.

27. SmoakingTobaccQy without ^r/»^-.
i/jTj^ after it, Chewing andiy^^^^^thegrofs
cut Z/^^in a Morning, are ufeful to ^(^-
matick Conftitutions ; but 10 dry and lean
Habits they zxz pernicious. Snuff is juft
good for nothing at all,

2 8 . The proper §luantity oi watry Li-
quors in 24 Hours, to thofe that live re-
gularly, is two TintSy (as that oi firong
Liquor is one Pint) which is bcft drank
warmy and rather after than in the Time
of Eating.

29. The Form of a Cordial fit to be
kept in private Families, as a prefent and
certain Relief, for fudden G^ualmSy Faint-
nefSy^SicknefSy or low Spirit s-y but ncvcj
%o be t?ii;^n but ijp Cafe of N?ceffity,.

CHAP,

and Long Li F e. 77

.A« C^i

CHAP. III.

Of Sleeping and
Watching.

§. I. 'TpHE next general Head in
JL order, is our Sleeping and
ff^atching. All Bodies by their Adions
upon one another, and by the Adion of
the circumambient Bodies, are liable to
be impaired and wafted: And all animal
Bodies, from an aSiive and felf-moving-
Principle within them, as well as from
the Rubs of Bodies without them, are
conftantly throwing off fome of their
fuperfluous and decayed Parts j fo that
animal Bodies, are in a perpetual Flux.
To reftore this T)ecay and Wafting of
animal Bodies, Nature has wifely made
alternate Periods of Labour and Reft^
Sleeping^ znd WaUhingy necejfary to our
Being 5 the one for the a£iive Employ-
ments of Life, to provide for and take
in the Materials of our Nourijbment 5
the other, to apply thofe Materials to
the proper wafted Pait^ and tp fuppiy

the

yS ^« Essay of H^Atrn

the Expences of Living, And it feems
as improper in the Order of Nature y to
difturbthe animal FunSiions in the time
oi Sleeps by any other Employment, than
thzt of the fecondar^ ConcoBions (as they
are called 5) /. e. the applying the Nou-
rifhmcnt to the decayed Parls> to ^^uit
the Blood, perfeB the SecrePionSy and
tolay uppkn'tyof SpititSy or (to fpeak
more ^hilofophically^ to reftore the
weaken^ Tone of nervous Fibrii \ that i^,
in fliort, to reftore the T)ecays of Watch-
ing and ABion : This I fay > is as imprd^
^r, as it would be (were it poffible^) to
e^t or drifik^ or make provision fo^ tht
Ncccflities of Life, in the time <tf Sleep-
ing. From hence is evident, the Abfut^
4ity of heavy y various y and luxurious
Suppers, or of going to Reft till man^
Hours after fuch a Meal$ which mu^
otherwife break in upon the Order of
Nature and the due and appointed TicAca
of Sleeping and Watching. Wherefore,
I advife the V^letudinaty y - the Studitms^
and the Contemplative y either to make
no Suppers, or only of vegetable Food 1
and to take a due Tiihe for ff^atthif^
after them.

^. 1/ Thtre is nothing more (^rtaiil^
than that (ftbftrading; drdtn facutt Qzki)

our

md Long Life.

our S/eep \s found, fisijeet, and refrep^ingy
according as the alimencary Organs, are
cafy, quiet and clean. If any one not
fuiFering under any Difeafe, is diflurbed
in his Sleep, 'tis certain his Stomach is
filled with Food, or Crudities j or his
Guts filled with Whid, Choler, ot ftiper-
fluous Chyle : And thole reftkfs Nights,
and the Difficulty of going to Sleep, which
arc generally afcribed to Fapours, arc
entirely owing to thcfe Caufcs ; though
they be not (ojirong, as to become fcii-
iiblej for then Taini^ added to IVatch-
jngj and they are felt. And upon com-
plaints of fuch refticfs Nights, I nevct
once failed, upon enquiry of finding die
true Caufe in the 2)/V?, of the prececiing
Day, or of fome few Days bcfores and
conftantly have difcovcred that Ibinc Er-
ror in Eating and drinking, either in
^luaxtity or ^lality has produced them.
I have been aftonilhcd to fee hypechon-
driacal and h^fterical. People, refflcfsi all
Night, toflingand tumbling till towards
Morning, then dropping aflcep till late
Hours, awake heavy, opprejfed, and aa-
refre^ed. complain of being bag-ridden'^
tired and '■-wearied, as if they had been
whip'd, fpurr'd, /ajhed, and beaten thro'
all the IVatches of the Night; rife with:
feiti Mofiihs,ind. white Tgngucylklchings,
Yawnings,

8o An Essay of Health

Yawnings, Coughing, Spitting, orReach^^
ing and Heaving, without Appetite ^ Spu
Tits or Life^ all the Day-time i begin to
live and breath, become cheerful zxidi hun-
gry, about ten, eleven, or twelve a clock
at Night 5 cat a hearty ^ "variouSy and
luxurious Sappers drink a cheeruping
Cup of the beft, become as merry as
Cricket 5 y and long to fit up later 5 at laft,
tumble to Bed, and repeat the fame Farce
over again. The Reafon of all this Com-
plaint, is the Load on the Stomach, that
will not fufFer them to reft, till 'tis got
off. The fharp and crude Humours,
twitching and twinging the nervous Fi-
bres^ and Coats of the Bowels^ become
like fo many Needles and TinSy conftant-
ly running through them 5 though not
always with fenfible pain : The uncon-
copied Chyle flopping or circulating.yZwe;-
fyy firft in the Bowels, then in the fmal-
left VeJffelSy begets thefe ConvulJumSy Fla-
tuSy Night'MareSy and Opprejpons of
Spirits. So that the fecondary Digefti-
ons are not over till next Evening, (hence
their want of Appetite:) And when thefe
are finifhed their Stomachs come, and
their Spirits flow 5 and thus the perpe-
tual Round is carried on. Did they but
follow the TyiSlates of NaturCy go to
Bed for feme days with a light Vegetable^

■ and LongLife. 8i:

or no Supper at all, and bear the Incon-
veniences thence arifing ; their Appetites
would come in due feafonj and they would
quickly find the Truth of the AphoriCm of
the Schola Salernitana.

* Somnus utfit levis^ fit tibi dene brevis.

§. J. The Scafons for Sleeping and
IVatchingy which Nature fccms to point
out to us, at leaft in thefe our Climates.
near the Tropick, arc the Vidjfitudes of
lyayniViA Night . T\\o{z'D amp s^ Vapours,
ZTvd Exhalations, that are drawn up into
the. higher Regions, and arefo rarificd by
the Heat and Action of the Srm, as to
become innocent or very weak in the
Day-time; zzz condenfed^ fink\o\/, near
the ^«r^c^ of the Earth, and are perpe-
tually drooping: down in the Night Sea-
Ton; and confcqucntiy muft be in/uri-
otts to thofe tender Pcrlbns, that 7tnna-
turally watch in that Seafon ; and muft
ncceflarily obftruft the Terfptration ,
which the AEiivtty of IVaichmg, and
the Motion of Labour promotes. I have
already fliewn, that our Bodies y«fife and

J , y M dram

* i.e. tlMpurSl^-iiiaj'hc' fmifjtct'}i>ur Sufptr

8i ^M Essay of Health ^H

tiraw into them^ the good or bad qua-
lities of the circurnambient Air, through
the Mouthsof all the perfpiratary ^Du6is
of the Skin. And it we were to view
an animal Body \\ ith a proper Giaii^ it
would appear with an Atmofphere quite
round it, like the Steam of a boilirtg
Pot. Now wc may cafily conceive, what
irijucy a Confiitution may receive-, Hoc
only by ftopping luch a perpetual IHf-
cbarge of Superffuities, but alfo by forcc-
ing into the Habit, by the Air's fVeight
and 'Prcffure, thofe noxious Futnes and
V^apourSy that are perpetually falling near
the Surface of the Earth, in the Night-
time. Your true Topers are fo.fcjnliblc
of this, that by Oblervation they have
gathered it ro be more fafe for thiixHeaUh,
and better for prolonging their Lrvss, to
■ get drimk betimes and go to Bed, than to
KStup and bcfober.

J. 4- On the coatrary, the Heat of
.the Sun in the E>ay-time, by its A0ion
* on human Bodies, the very Light, and
*. free Air, and thcMotions of things aboui
iis, difturbing the (^ici of the Air,muft
ficceffarily diforder the equable Courfc
of rhe Terfpiration, the Tenour of the
fecondary Concetiions, and the Tranquil-
lity oi the Spirits Ibacceflary \.<;>ReJtixA

" y^iond LongLifE. 85

^uiet. Sothat notliingfeems more di-
jxftly pointed out to us by Nature, than

. the 'Daj' for Labour, and the Nighf for
Refi : And this without taking in the
Confidcration of the Nccertity of the
Sun's Light for the ends of Labour, and
providing the Ncceflaries of Life. Some
Animals that ace exceeding tender, are
direded by Nature to alternate 'Periods

-of fVatchitig and Reft, not twice in Z4
Hours, but twice in the Year, 'viz. Sum-
mer and JVinter ; fuch as Swallows, Bats,
andmany forts of InfeBs, who ilcep aJl
the Winter, and watch, all the Summer.
Soconfiftcnt is Nature, in appointing the
brighteft and moft enlightened Parts of
our Lives for ASiion, aad the darkefi and
moft inclement for ReJL Not but that
rahuji Conjiitutians (as well as Animals
fitted by Nature for different ways of
living ) may by Cuftom, get the better
of thefe natural Appointments: But I
■wmciozihz Valetudinary, the Studious^
id the Contemplative.

5". 5. I advife all fuch, if they would
jreferve their Health and lengthen out
iheir Days, to avoid as much as is poiliblc
evening T>ews, noBurnal Studies, and
unfiafonable Watching ; in Summer to
go to Bed with the Sun, and in Winter to
M ,2 tifc

84- ^iEssAYo/ Health f

rife at leaft by Break of 1)ay. . Thofe
who live temperately^ will necclTarily
Sleep But little : But to rccompcnce that,
their Sleep will be much mote founds «-

frejhing, and fruitful of Chcarfulncfs
znd free Spirits, than that of thofe who
live moic freely . For as I have before
laid, the ^antity of Sleep will always
be in proportion to the Q^uantity of Rat-
ing and 'T>rinkirig. Valetudinary, Stu-
dious, and Contemplative People, ought
to go to Bed by etpht, nine, or ten at
fartheft, and rife by_^«r, j?i;f, ox fix, by
which they will have eight Hours 2. Bcdj
and that is fufticicnt for any Perfon, not
under an acute, or the fharp Fits

' C*&rff»/M/Diftemper.

9^a

J. 6. Nothing can be more prejudi
to tender Conllitutions, fiudious and fe»-
templative Pcdons, then lying longa Bed
of lolliTig and (baking in Sheets, any time
after one is diitinftly awake, orhasflcpt a
due and reafonablc Time: It neceflarily
^/.j/V^fKJ" the Juices, enervates the Sohds,
zndnz'eakens the Conftitution. A free open
jiir is a kind of a cold Bath, efpecially
after rifing out of a warm Bed j and con-
fequcntly makes the Circulation brisker
and more compleat, and braces up the
Solids, which Jjing a Bed dtjjblves and
foah

■ a«t/LoNG Li F E. 85

foaks in Moifture. The ereEi Tejiure,
and the Activity of Watching, make the
S^fj^/rd/ww more plentiful, and the grofs
Evacuations more readily thrown oiF.
This is evident from the Appetite and
Hunger, thofe that rife f<«r^ feel, beyond
that which they get by lying long a Bed.
Add to all thefe the Influence of thcfrejb,
henign. Morning Air, the retreating of
all the noxious Damps and Vapours of
the Night, together with the Clouds and
Heavinefs, that are thrown upon the
J5rtfi» from Sleep; andlaftly, that C^wr-
fulnefs and Alacrity that is felr by the
Approach or Prefcnce, of that glorious
Luminary the Sun, which adds a new
Force to the Heart, and a Spur to the
Spirits.

5". 7. All Nations and Ages have
agreed that the morning Seafon is the
proper Time for fpeculative Studies, and
thofe Employments that moft require
the Faculties of the Mind. For then the
JVtffi^ of the Spirits isundiminifiicd, and in
its greateft Plenty, the Head is clear and
ierenc, the Vajjions arc quieted and for-
got; the Anxiety and Inquietude that the
'Digefiions beget in tiie ttervous Syjiem,
in moft tender Conltitutions and the
Hurry the Spirits arc underafter the great
Meal,

86 ^« Essays/ Health ^H

[ Weal, arc fettled and wrought off'. I

[ fiiould advife therefore thofe who are of

I « weak relaxed State of Nerves, who arc

f 4ubjed to hypochondriacal or hyfterical

ttoiforders, whofe Profcfiions lead them

I %o much Ufe of their intdleEiuai Facul-

1 ^ies^ or who would indulge fpeculatwe

Studies, to go early to Bed, and to rife

iKtimes j to employ their morning Hours

in thcfe ExercifeSj till eleven a Clock,

then to take fomc agreeable Breakfafi

of vegetable Food ; to go on with their

Studies and ^rofeJ/iOTisx\\\three,f0ur,oi

five, as their Spirits will hold out,and then

to take ihcii great Mealoi animal Food j

all the reft of the Day to throw off all

Study and Thought, divert themfelvcs

agreeably in fome innocent Amufetnent,

with Ibme gentle bodily Exercife i and

P^ foon asthe'D/g-^wn isovcr, to retire

F*ftnd provide for going to Bed, without

^any farther lupplies, except it be a Glafs

i'tjf fair Water, or warm Sack-Whey.

f 5ut the Aged and Sickly muft go fooncr

l*to Bed and lye longer, becaufe Age and

^Sicknefs break reft, and the ftiffcn'd and

fiiardened Limbs of the Antient become

novc pliant and relaxed by much Sleep,

fiy«//Bf Pofturcj and the Warmth of the

^cd.

Rules

m and LongLife. 87

Rules for Health and Lot^ Life
dra''ji)n from the Head 0/^ S l E E p

aa/W A TCHl NG.

i.'T^HE V^etudinary, the Sedentary,

X and the Studious fhould eat very
light, or no Simper ; if any, it ought to be
•vegetable Foodi; neither ought they to go
foon to Bed, after any Supper whatfoevcr.

2. Going to Bed on z.fuU Stomachy and
TVtnd and Crudities fomewhere in the
alimentary Paflages, is the Caufe of the
want of due Reft, which h found and re-
frefbing , always in ^Proportion to the
Emptinefs and Cleannefs of thcfe Taf-
fages, and their Vacation from their pro-
per Office oi^Digeftion : And this is the
Caufcofthe V/znt of kindly and re fref}-
ivg Refit in hypochondriacal and hyfier.i-
CM People.

J . fVatching by Night and Sleeping by
Day, is of the moft pernicious Conlc-
qucncc to Health and Long Life ; and
plainly contrary to the Indications of Na-
ture and the Confiitntions of our Bodies.

4. The Valetudinary, Sedentary, .and
Studious, ought carefully to avoid even-
ing T)ewSt noiSurnal Studies, and unfca-
fonablc Watching ; go to Bed by eight.

88 y^EssAY »/ Health

nine, or teUy and rife proportionably by
four,fivet ozjixi unlcfs adually under*
a Fit of Sicknefs.

5. Nothing is more prejudicial to ten-
der Conftitutions, than lying loTig a Bed,
indulging a lethargical ^i\d drowfy Sleep,
or hlling or loitering awake ; as appears .
by their Heavinefs, and want of Appe-
tite, upon doing fo; and their good Jre-
machs, ChearfuUnefs , and Freedom of
Spirits, when they rife early.

6. The moft advantagious manner for
the Tender, Sedentary, and Studious, to
bcftow their Time, on account both of
their Health and Studies, is to go early to
Bed, rife betimes, go about their Srudies
till eleven, taking a light vegetair/eBteak-
faft i profecute them till about^ar in the
Afternoon,then to take their great Meal of
animal Food, and after that to employ
the reft of their Time in fome innocent
Amufement, or gentle bodily Exercije i
to retire betimes, to prepare for going to
Bed, taking no farther Nourifhment, ex-
cept a Draught of Water or warm Sack-
JVhey, which will be particularly ufcful
to thofe who labour under Stone and
Gravel.

cb:

and Long Lii^e^ 89

CHAP. ir.

Of EXERCISE and QUIET-

^. I. \i/'E proceed, \a the nextPIaccj
^^ to the Confideration oiExer^
cife and Qjfi^t^ the due Regulation of
which, is almoft as neceffary 10 Health
and L(?;?^ L//^, as fi?^^ icfelf. Whether
we were fo made before the Fally as to
live in intire Health, in a rigidly /t^ot-
tarj and contemplative Life, is a Specula-''
tion of no great Confequence^ not eafily
determined in our prelent Situation ; foi?
there is no certain Analogy between
Things as they now are, and as they
might have been then. As there happened
an intire Revolution in the Complexion and
Qualities of the Minds of the Ftrft Patr ;
lo, to me^ there appear, to be evident
Indications of a a defigned Change and
Alteration of the material World^ and the[
Nature of the Animals and Fegetabkes
which fubfift on iXusGlobe^ from what
they were when GOD pronounced

N every

9© ^» Essay o/Health

every Thing Good that he had madeJ
Nor feem the Ccelejlid Bodies to have
efcaped, fo far as they regard usi^
Whatever be in this, the Paffage where
God tells Adam^ ^ Thaf in the Sweat of his
Brow he (ball eat Bread^ feeras to be th6
Injunftion of a falutarj Penance ; that
is, Not merely a Pumjhmentj but alfo'?i
Remedy againft the Dilbrders his Body
would be liable to in this /^^r; State of the
Creation, and againil the poifonous Ef*
fefts of the Forbidden Tree he had catdn
the Fruit of. I am the more confirmed
in this Belief, that I obferve, the abfoluie
Necefficy of Labour and Exercife^ to pre-
fer ve the Body any Time in due plight,
to maintain Healthy and lengthen oiit
Life. For, let whatfoever Diet be pur-
fued, however adjufted, both in Quan^
titj and Qualitj ; let whatever Evacua^
tions be ufed to lefTen the Malady ^ or
any \ Succedaneum be propofed, to pre-
vent the ill EfFefls ; our Bodies are fo
made, and the Animal Oeconorny now fo'
contrived, that without due Labour and
Exercife, the Juices will thicken, the

* Ge72. chap. iii. v, 19.
f /. e. Equivalent.

JoifltS

and Long Life. 91

joints will ftiifen, the Nerves will relax,
and on thefe Diforders, Chromcal Di*
fiempersj and a crazy old Jge muft enfue.
Nor is this necelTary only in the colder
Climates, and where the Food isgrofs^
|)ut even in the warmeft Climates, and
where the Food is lighteft. For though
the Warmth of the Air may keep the
Terffiration free and open, or rather,
where it is very great, promote Sweats
ing ; yet, at the fame Time, and by Con-
iequence, it will thicken the Fluias, and
relax the Fibres; to prevent both which,
Exercife is abfolutely neceffary : but in
fuch a Climate it ought to be gone about
in the Cool of the Day. And tho' light
JFocd may, in a great meafure^ prevent the
Thickening of the Fluids, yet it cannot do
it fufficiently without Exercife ; nor can
it at all keep the Fibres in due Tenfwn ;
for to that Purpofe Exercife is abfolutely
neceflary. Nay, the joint Power of
warm Air, and light Food, cannot fupply
. the Place of Exercife in keeping the
Joints pliant and moveable^ and preferv-
ing them from growing rejty and//jf.

4. 2. 1 have fometimes alfo, indulgM a
Conjedure, that Animal Food, and Made
or Artificial Liquors, in xht Original

N 2 ..^ I'r'ame

92 An %ssK^ of HiMat a

^rame of our Nature, and Defign of oup
Creation^ were not intended for Human
Creatures. They feem to me, neither to
have thefe ftrong and fit Organs for dige-
ilingthem(at leaft fuch zsBtrds SindBeafii
of Frey have, who live on Flefb ; ) nor,
naturally, to have thofe voracious and
k^ufifif Appetites, that require Animal
foody and ftrong Liquors, to fatisfy
them ; nor thofe cruel and hard Hearts;
or thofe ^/>W/WPafiions, which could
(^afily fuifer them tp tear and deftroy
th?ir Fello9v Creatures ; at leaft, not ia
%hfifir(t and early Ages, before every Moi^
kad corrupted his Waj^^nd God was forced
to exterminate the whole Race, by an
univerfaipeluge, and was alfoobUged
(that the Globe of the Earth might not|
from the long Lives of its Inhat)itants,
become a Helly and a Habitation for in-
carnate Devils) to fliorten their Lives
from 900 or 1000 Years, to 70. He
wifely forefaw, that Animal Food^ and
Artificial Liquors^ would naturally con-
tribute towards this End^ and indulged,.
or permitted, the Generation that was
to plant the Earth again after the Flood^
|he Ufe of thefe for Food^ knowing that
though it would fliorten the Lives^ and
plate a . Scourge of Thorns for the Back?

■ ; ^- • of

^ - <

and Uo N g L i r b1 93

of the Lazj and Volaftuous^ it would be
cautioufly avoided by thofe who knew
it w^s their Duty and Happinefs to keep
their Paflions low^ and their Appetites \a
Subjedion^ And this very Mra of the
Flood, is that mentioned in Holy Writ^
for the Indulgence of Animal Food and
Artificial Liqaorsj after the Trial had
been' made, how infufficient alone, a
Vegetable Diet (which was the firft
Food appointed for Human^kind^ immedi-^
ately after their Creation) was, in the
long Lives ofMen^ to reftrain their Wicki
ednefs znd Malice ; and after finding,that
nothing b\it fhortning their Duration could
poffibly prevent the Evil. *Tis true,
there is fcarce a Poflibih'ty of preventing
the deftroying of Animal Life, as Things
are now conftituted, fince InfeSls breed
and nefile in the very Vegetables them-
felves, and we fcarce ever devour a
Plant or Root^ wherein we do not de^
ftroy innumerable Animalcules. But
befldes what I have faid, of Nature^
being quite altered and changed from
what was originally intended, there is
a great Difference between defiroying
and extinguijbing an Animal Life (which
pthcrwife might fubfift many Years) by
Choice and EleSiion^ to gratify our Ap^

fetites^

94 ^» Essay (/Health

fetifeSf and indulge Concupifcence ; and
the Cafual and Unavoidable crufhing of
thofe,who perhaps, otherwife,wouId die
within the Daj^ or at nioft, the Tear^ and
obtain but an inferior kind of Extfienu
and Life at beft. Whatever be in this
CM]eBure^ 'tis evident to thofe who
underftand the Animal Oeconomy^ and
the Frame of Humane Bodies, together
with the Hifiory, both of thofe who
have lived Ahfemioujly^ and of thofe
who have lived Freely^ that indulging in
flelh Meats y and ftrong Liquors^ inflames
the Paffions^ and jhortens Life, begets
Chronical Diftempers, and a Decrepid •
Age, as the Hifiory of the Life ofCornara
manifefts to a Demonftration.

^. J. Of all the Exercifes that are, or
may be ufed for Health (fuch as Walk-
ing^ Riding a Horfe-back, or in a Coach,
Fencings Dancings playing at Billiards^
Bmls^ or Tennis^ ^(g^^^«?> Working at
a Pump^ Ringing a Dumb Bell, ^c.)
Walking is the moft natural^ as it would
be alfo the moft ufeful^ if it did not
fpend too much of the Spirits of the
Weakly. Riding is certainly the moft
Manly ^ the moft Healthy, and the Icaft
Laborious^ and Expenjive of Spirits j of

any ;

and L o N G L I p E. 95

mny ; Ihaking the whole Machine^ pro-
moting an univerfal Perffiratio» and
Secretion of all the Fluids ( to which
inay be added, The various Changes of
the Air^ thro' which they fo quickly
pais, every Alteration of which, be-
comes, as it were, a new Bath) and
thereby, varioufly twitching the Nervous
Fibres^ to brace and contrafi them, as
the new Scenes amuft the Mind. Thofc
who cannot ride^ mud be carried in a
Coach or Litter^ which is the beft Exer-^
cife for the Lame and Crazy^ and the
only one proper for Old and Decrepit
Ferfons, as well as thofe that are fo
Toungj that they are not able to manage
their own Exercife. The Home Exer-*
eifeSy fuch as flaying at Tennis and BiL
liardsy Dancings Fencings and the like,
ought to be followed only when the
Seafon forbids being Abroad ; for being
in the Air^ contributes much towards
the Benefit of Exercife. 'Tis beautiful
to obferve that earneft Deftre, planted
by Nature^ in Toung Perfons, to romv^
jumfy xprejtle^ and run^ and conftantly
to be purfuing Exercifes and Bodily D/-
verfions^ that require Labour^ even till
they are ready to drop down ; efpecially
the healthier Sort of them : So that

fitting,

96 -^jtEssaVo/Healtk

ficting, or being eanfi/fed^ feems to be tbd
greateft Pumfbment they can fufFcr, and
mprifmmg them for fome Time, witt
much more readily correal them chaa
Whiffifjg. This is a wife Contrivance o£
Nature ; for thereby, their Joims arc
renderM pliable and ftrong ; their Blood
continues fweet, and proper for a full
Circulation ; their Perffiration is free, and
their Organs firetched out,by dueDegr eeS|
to their proper Extenfion^

§• 4* It is alfo very agreeable to ob^
fervej how the leveral different Organs
oi Labouring Men are ftrengthen'd, and
rendered Brawny and Nervous^ as they
happen to be moft employed in their
feveral Vocations^ let them be otherwifc
ever fo fmall or weakly. The Legs^
Thighs^ and Feet of Chairmen ; the Arms
and Hands oi Watermen ; the B^r^*; and
Shoulders of Porters^ grow //^/VX*, ftrongy
and ^rtfir;?; by Time, 'Tis certain^ that
fpeaking /r^/?g and loudy without over^
firaining^ will firengthen the Kt?/V^, and
give Force to the Lungs. Our Nails and
iSi^/r, the more they are cut ^nAfhaved^
the more they grow. And we may pro-
mote any one Evacuation fo far,, as to
weaken and ftarve all the red. Ufing

any

a?id LoNo LiPE. 97

any Orgaa frequently and forcibly,
brings Shod and Spirits into it, and lb
makes it grow F/flOTjp and Braipfl?. And
if due Pains were taken by the Labour
proper to them, the Organs of all the
Functions of the Animal Oeconomy might
be ftrengthen'd and kept in due plight.

§. 5. Therefore, to the A(thmaiickt
and thofeof weak LuK^f, I fliould re-
commend T^/jfe/^T^ mmh and load^ even by
themfelves, walking up ancity Jfcenf,
and when any degree otWearimjs warns
them, to fit and reft, 'till they are cafy,
and then to return to their Wi/w^ again,
and fotoincfeafe it every Day, 'till they
are able to walk a reafonable Diftance,
in a reafonabie Time. To thofe who
have weak Nerves and D/gefiionj and to
thofe who are much troubled with
Hsjd-oches (moft of all which arife from
the ill State of the Stomach and Boivels')
I fliould recommend riding on Horfeback
as much as poflibly they could, in the
cleareft and drieft Air^ and to change the
Jtr daily, if poffible. To thofe who
are troubled with the Stone or Gravelj
10 ride much over rough Caufewajs in a
Coach. To thofe that have HJjeumaiick
P&\nijiop\iy at Bi/lmrds,TenKiiOrCri{i:ef,

o till

98 -^» Essay o/ Health

till they fweat plentifully, and then go
immediately into a warm Bed, and

drink liberally of fome warm thinlliquor
with Ten Drops of Spirit of Sal Arma*
mac or Harts-horn in each Draught, to
encourage the Sweating. To thofc who
have weak Arms or Hams^ playing two
or three Hours at Tennis^ or at J?oot4all^
every Day. To thofe who have w6ak
Backs or Breajisy ringing a Bellj or work«
ing at a PmTff. Walking thro' rough
Roads, even to Laflitude, will (boneft
recover the Ufe of their Limbs to the
Gouty ; tho' Ridi;7g on Horfeback or ia
a Coach will belt prevent the Diftem^
fer. But the Studious and the Content
plativey the Valetudinary^ and thofe of
weak Nerves^ if they aim at Health and
Long Life, mult make Exercife a Part
of their Religion^ as it is among fbmc
of the Eaftern Nations, with whom
Pilgrimages, at dated Times, are an in-
difpenfible Duty, and where Mechanical
Trades are learned and praftifed by
Men of all Ranks. Thofe who have
their Time in their own Hands, ought
to have dated Seafons for Riding* or
Walking in a good Air^ as indifpenfiblc,
as thofe for going to Dinner ^ to Bed, or
to Church. Three Hours for Ridings or Tm

for

and LongLipb. 99

for Walkiftg^ the one half before the great
Meal^ and the other before going to Bed^
is the leafl: that can be difpcnfed with :
As the firft Part begets an Appetite^ the
fecond helps on the Digeflioff. Thofe
who are not Matters of their own Time,
mud take it when they can ; but to be
fure they ought to let no Opportunity of
taking it flip.

^ 6. There are Three Conditions of
Exercife to make it the moft Beneficial
that may be. F/>y?, That it be upon
an empty Stomach ( as, indeed, that
is the proper Time for all Medicinal
Evacuations ) for thereby, the now
eoncoSfed ^ Crudities^ Or thofe Super •
fiuities Nature would be rid of, and
has fitted, by going through the proper
Secretions^ for being ejeSted^ but cannot
throw off without foreign Jfftftance^ will
be readieft difcharged. For, on a full
Stomach Exercife would be too tumul-
tuous, precipitate the S^cretionsy and
throw off the found Juices with the cor-
rupted Humours. Secondly^ That it
be not continued to down-right Loffitude^

* Co^ non cnida funt evacuanda, Uif^ocrat.

O 2 De-

loo -^» Essay o/Health

Depreffion of Spirits, or a meltiffg Sweats
The Firjt will wear out the Organs^ the
Secofid fpend the Strength^ and the Third
will only do Violence to the Natural Fur»*
Bions. Thirdly^ Due Care is to be had after
Exercife, to retreat to a warm Roam and
proper Shelter from the Injuries of the
Weather, left fucking into the wafted
Body, the nitrous Particles of the cir-
cumambient Jir^ they fhould inflame
the Blood, and produce a Rheumatifm^
fever or Cold. I might add a Fourth
Condition^ Joining Temperance to Exercife^
otherwife the Evil will be as broad one
Way, as 'tis long the other. For fince
Exercife will create a greater Jppetite^
if it is indulg-d to the fuS^ the con^
co^ive Powers will be as unequal to the
Loadj as they were before. But I pafs
that over, having lufficiently treated
this Subjed already.

§. 7. Under this Head of Exercife^ I
cannot forbear recommending Cold-
bathing ; and I cannot fofficiently admire,
how it fhould ever have come into
fuch Difufe^ efpecially among Chrifti-
ans^ when commanded by the grest^t-
eft Lawgiver that ever was, under
the Diredion of God\ liolj Spirit^

m and Long Life, loi

to his Chofev People, and perpetu-
ated to us in the Immcrfwn at Baptifm,
by the fame Spirit^ who, with wpmte
Wifdom in this, as in every Thing elfe
that regards thcTempor/tl and Eternal
Felicity of his Creaiares, combines their
Datj with their eternal Happinefs. F/rfi,
The Necelfity of a free Ferfp/ratio/t to
the Prefer-vatiofi ofHeulth, is now known
to every Body, and frequent ivajhiKg the
Body inM-'tf;er,cleanfestheMouthsofthe
Perfpiratory Duffs from that Glutinous
Foulnefs that is continually falling
upon them, from their own condenfed
dejpj Atmofphere^ whereby the Perfpi'
ration would be foon ohjlruiied^ and
the Ptirty languilb. Secondlj, The hav-
ing the Circulation, fult^ free and opeti^
thro' all thtCapilUry Arteries^ is of great
Benefit towards Hejhh and L(?/!g Life.
Now nothing promotes that fo much as
Cold-bathing ; for by the violent and
fudden Shock it gives to the whole i)/?(;w
of the Fltteds^ from the Circumference in-
ward towards the Centre^ and the fluids
(beczu(c Reacf ion is a\way sexual and con-
/rarjtoAt^owjfpringing back again from
the Centre to the Circumference^ a Force is
raifed almoft ever fufficient to break
thro' all the Dams and Ohjlruciions of tlie
fmallcjt

102 -/^» Essay o/Healti^

Jmatefi Veflfels, where they moftly hap.
pen, and to carry the Circulation quito
round. Thirdly^ Nothing is fo injurious^
and fo much prevents the Benefit of
Exercife to iveak and icftder Conftitu*
tions^ as fucking into their Bodies the
Nitrous and Humid Particles of the Air^
that is, Catching of Cold. Now nothing
lb efFeftually prevents this, as Cdd-^
tathingi as the Nature of the Thinj
ihews, and Experience confirms : For
Exercife^ to attenuate the Js^ices^ an^
ftrengthen the Solids^ be added to Cold^
bathing^ a new Spring and Force will be
given to the Bloody both to drive out
thck foreign and noxious Mixtures, and
to unite the Cuticular Scales, which form
the Scarf Skin^ fo as to ftrengthen it for
the future againft fuch violent Entries.

§.8. I (houldadvife therefore, every
one who can afford it, as regularly to
have a Cold Bath at their Houfe to walh
their Bodies in, as a Bafon to walh
their Hands; and conftantly, two or
th'ee Times a Week, Summer and fVtn^
ter, to go into it. And thofe that can-
not afford fuch Conveniency, as often as
they can, to go into a River or Living
Pond^ to wafh their Bodies, But this

ought

and Long Life,

105

ought never to be done under the aftual
Fits of a Chronical Diftemper, with a
cfuhi: Palfe, Heai~achy weak Lungs^ or z
foal Stomach; nor ought they to ftay in
til] they are ovsr-chilPd. And in Winter^
they ought to purfue their Exercifes im-
mediately after they come out ; and thofc
of tender Nerves^ ought to pour BjfoKS of
Cold Water on their Head, or wafli it
well with a dripping Sponge before they
go in. I cannot approve the precipitant
Way of jumping in, orthrowing the Head
foremoll into a Cald Bath ; ic gives too
violent a Shock to Nature, and rifques
toomuchtheBtfr/?/r^fotneofthefmaller
Veflels. The Natural Way is, holding
by the Rope, to walk down the Steps as
faft as one can, and when got to the
Bottom^ bending their Hams (as Women
do when they Curt'fy low) to Jborten
their Length, fo as to bring their Heads
a good Way under H^ater^ and then
fopping up again to take Breath ; and
thus alternately for two or three Times,
and out again, rubbing and currying well
before they arc drefs'd. And this brings
me to fay fomethlng of another kind of
Exsrcife.

§. 9. The

1O4 -^» Essay o/Health

§• 9. The .Bk/b Brufb is an Exercife
moft ufeful for profhoting a full and free
Pgr ^/>gAj( Mj> ^nd. Circulation ; Almoffc
everpSllpl^ what well Civrr/m^

will db to Horfes^ in making themjfe^if:
TinAgdji lively and ^^lo/^ ; even fo much^
as to be worth half the Feeding. Tl\is
it can no otherwjr& ^(^/y^^^, tban.by[-
aflifting Nature tb^thtqw off by Perfpi*
ration J the * Recrements of the Juices
which flop the full and free Circu-
lationj and by conftant Friifionj Ir*
ritation and Stimulation^ to allicite
Blood and Spirits^ to the Parts moft
diftant from the Seat oi Heat and Mo^
tionj and fo to plump u^ the fuperfcial
Mufcles. The fame Effe£t it would pro-
duce in other Animals ^ even Human
Creatures themfelves, if they were
managed in the fame Manner, with the
fame Care and Regularity. I fhould
think it therefore, well worth the Pains
of Perfons of weak Nerves and Sedentarj
Lives, efpecially thofe threatned with
Paraljjtick Diforders, to fupply the Want
of Exercife of other Kinds, with {pending

* i. e. The grofler Parts.

half

and Long L i t ej 105

half an Hoar, Morning and Night, iii
Currying and Rubbing their whole Bod/j
more-efpecially' their Lia^Sy with t
FUJb Brufit. And 'tis a Wonder to me#
that Luxury has not brought Coidrktthing
and Carrying in Ufe, upon the Animals
(efpecially choTe of them u^n. U^honi
they can be To readily tnade Ufe of, fuch
as 6xen, FigSj Vealy Lamb^ and all Poultry^
tirhich naturally delight in Cold-bathing^
which are brought to the Table. For
icertain it is, that Cleannefs and due Exev"
iife(oi which Currying is one Part)would
much contribute to make all jinimals
whatlbever, without Exception, heal-
thier iti tbemfelves, fuller oi Juice and
Sprits^ and, cOnfequently, better Food
for Human Creatures.

As to Quiet^ the Conditions of Exert'
cife being determined, there needs no*
thing to be faid of it.

kULfiS

io6 Jn Essay o/Hbaltr

RULES for Health and Long
Lifc^ drawn from the Head

0/fiXERCISEtf;»^aUIET.

i.WHATEVER was the Ori.
^ ginal Conftitution oiMan^ in
our prefent State, a due Degree of £jc«
ercife is indifpenfably neceflary towards
Health and Lor^g Life.

2. Animal Food, and Strong Uquors^
fcem not to have been deOgned for Man
in his Original Make and Frame ; but
rather indulged, to fhorten the Antedi^
luvian Length oiLife^ in order to pre-
vent the excejfive Growth of Wicked-
nejs.

g. Walking is the mod Natural and
efFeftual Exercife, did it not fpend
the Spirits of the tender too much.
Riding a Horfeback is iefs laborious, and
more effedual for fuch- Riding in a
Coach is only for the Infirm^ and Toung
Children. Houfe Exercifes are never

and L on g Li f e, 107

to be allow'd, but when the Weather, or
fbme Bodily Infirmity will not permit
going abroad ; for Air contributes
mightily to the Benefit of Exercife.
Children naturally love all kinds of Ex^
ercifcy which wonderfully promotes their
Healthy increafes their Strength, and
llretches out their Organs.

4. The Organs of the Body that are
moft ufed, always become Jirongefi^ and
therefore we may ftrengthen any weak
Organ by Exercife.

5. The Lungs are fortified by loud
Talking, and walking up an eafy Jfcenr.
The Digefiion and the Nerves are
ftrengthen'd, and moft Head-aches cur'd,
by Riaing ; the Stone and Gravel eafed by
riding in a Coach over rough Ground ;
Rheumatick Pains by playing at Tennis^
Billiards^ &c. 'till one fweat^ and then
going to a warm Bed, to promote the
Sweatings Feeble Arms by playing at
Shinlecock^ or Tennis ; Weak liams by
Foot-ball^ and weak Backs by Ri^gi»gy or
Pumping. The Gouty beft recover the
Ufe of their Limbs by Walking in rough
Roads; but prevent the Fits beft, by
Riding a Horfeback, or in a Coach. The

P 2 Vale^

lo8 An Essay o/HfiALTrt

Ydetudinarj^ and the Studiom^ ought tQ
have ftated Times for Exercife, at leaft
Two or Three Hours a Day, the one
Half before Dinner, the other (before go-
ing to Bed.

6. Exercifej i.fbould always be gone
about with an empty Stomach : 2. Should
never be continued to Wearinefs : 3. Af-
ter it, one mud take Care not to catch
Cold. And it (hould always be accom-
panied with Temferance^ elfe, inftead of
a Remedy y it will become an EviL

7. Cold-hathifig is of great Advan-
tage to Health : but fhould not be ufed
pqder a Fit or a chromcal Diftemp^r,
With a quick Pulfe^ or with a Head^
aeh^ or by thofe that have weak Lungs.
it promotes Perfpiration, inlarges the
Circulation^ and prevents the £>anger
pf catching Cold. Thofe of tender
i!fervesj (hould pour Water on their
fleads before they go in, and none
pught to jump in fuddenly, and with

their Heads foremoft.

8. The Befi-Brujh is a moft ufefii-
Exercife, as appears by its Advantage
19 Horjes, and oqght not only to be

ufed

and L o >^ G L i f e. 109

ufed on Human Bodies, but alio on
fuch of the Animals we defign for our
Food^ as it can be applied to.

t X.-C,,^ 'I^'W-i

CHAP. y.

Of our Evacuations, and tbelr

Obftrudlions.

%
\

^. i-Tp H E Three Principal Evacuaii*
^ ons a re. By Siege^ by Water ^ and
by Perffiration. All thefe muft be duly
regulated^ and in the Order oi Nature^
towards the Prefervation of Healthy and
the prolonging of Life. The F/r/? ought
to be of a due Cortfi^ence between both
Extremes. * Oportet Sanorum Sedes ejfe
fgttratas. Thofe who are coftive ; have
cither ^^^tfr-i&M/^^ their Bodies vijiih firong
Liquors ; have eaten too fparingly ; have
too flow a Digefiion^ or the Pertjialtick

* /. €> The Grofs Evacuations ought to be of
fiich a Confidence in the Healthy, a« to take the
Imprpffion of the Guts.

Motion

no -^» Essay o/Health

Motion of their Guts are too weak^
whereby the Food flaying too long ^
Time before the Mouths of the LaBeds^
is over-drained of its Moifiure : Thofe
who have purging Stools^ have eat too
mticb^ or of Things too firong for their
eoncoiiive Powers. Vov fuferjluous Nou-
rifliment leaves too much (Ihjle in the
f Fdces^ which fermenting in the GutSj
fiimulates them fo as to become a Purge.
I have often obferved, That a full Meal
oSfirong Meat, as Fijh, Beefj Porkj Baked
Meatj or made Difhes, in tender Perfons,
goes off with the Hurry and Irritation of
a Purge^ leaving the Bowels inflated^ cd^
licked^ ov grifedy and the Spirits yir;/ifc to
the laft Etegree. The Food^ by its va-
rious Mixture^ Weight, and Ferment atioit^
Jtifnulating all along from the Stomach tO
xhtReltumy and being fcarce ever drain-
ed of its ChjUy without affording any
NouriQiment to the Body, runs oS thus
crudely, and becomes equal to a total
Abfiineme from Food for a long Time.
And hence we have a moft infallible
Ruky * a fofierioriy to judge if we have

Mf^m

t f. e. The Food, after it is drainM of (ts Nu-
tritious Parts.
♦ /. e. After the Tryal has been made.

govern-

and Long Life, itl

governed ourfelves in our Diet in Pro-
portion to the Neceffities o^ Nature, and
the Forces of our comociive Powers.
This is the very Reafon why the B^rA
over dofed,and given to Perfons of weak
Digeftion, fo conftantly furges them ;
and why Mifr car;, given either inwardly,
Or by frtStion^ runs off in violent fur^-
ingy and cannot be raifed into a. Saliva,
tian ; to wit, the not adjufting the Dofcs
Co the Strength of the Stomach and ner-
vous Fibres. For the Bark naturally
binds, and Mercury naturally rjfes to the
mofl pervious Glands. And in this
Senfe,! myfelfhave frequently obfervcd
in weak indfcrofulous Bowels, even Dia-
fcordium^ and Vcmce Treacle to purge :
Whereas, had the Doles beenduly pro-
portioned, or had they begun by Under-
dofing, and taken a little longer Time,
their End might have been effeftually
anfwered ; as I have often experienced
without ever failing.

§. 2. And here it may not be amifs
to take Notice o( a fatal- Miftakethofe
run into, who, being weakly^ thin, and
(teaderj aim, by all Means, and at any
Price, to become /'/aw/' and round^ and
in order to attain this, are perpetually
devour-

If2 An Essay 0/ Health

devouring Ivuge Quantities oihigh^Jhong
Food, and fwallowing proportionablts
Meafures oigenetous Liquors, not know-
ing, that by this very Method, they
promote and confirm the Difeafe they
would remedy; For in fuch Perfons
and Cafes, th^ globular Part of the
Blood is conftantly of a /wiJiZ Quantity,
and vtvygleny^ and the ferous Part, tbin
and watry (that is, The Blood is foor
and rpeak)2ind the Solids or Nerves are hdfe
and relaxed. And the conco£l:ive Pow-
ers being in Proportion to thefe law, of
Cohfequence, the Digefiions muft be
weak and imperfect, and their Force un-
able to difTolveand break any Quantity
oi {\iq\{ firong Meat ov ffirituotis Liquors
into a proper Chyle for Nourifhment.
And this great Load muft either be
hurried off intirely thro' the alimentarj
DuUs in fupernumerary Difcharges, or
the fmall Portion oiChjle drawn out of
it, being too grofs to unite and make a
Jimilar Fluid with the Mafs of the Blood,
muft be precipitated through the other
Drains of the Body ; and thus the poor
thin Creature muft ftarve in Lttxarj^
and wafte amidft Superfiuity. The Cafe
is the fame with Nurfes and Parents in
rearing up Toung Children. The perpe-
tual

■ and Long Lifb. 113

tual Gripes^ Colicks^ Loofenejfes^ hard BeU
lies^ Choakings, Wind, and Convulfve Fiis^
which torment half the Children ot'Exig-
land, are intirely owing to the too greac
Quantities of too ftrong food, and too
rank Milk, ihruft down their Throats
by their over-laying A/o/Aerf and Nurftis.
For what elfe do their/Zw^/, iheir^^ii; or
chjilousy their hlackijb and cholcrtck Dif-
charges, the Noife and Motion in their
Bowels, their Wind and Choakir}gs,\m\Ayi
but Crudities from fuperfluous Nourilh-
inent? This is fo certain, that they are
univerfany,and infallibly cured by tejia*
ceotts Powders, which on\y abfurb fharp
Crudities, by Rhubarb 'Pmg^s, which at
once evacuate and (frengthen the Bowels,
and by Milk Clyjters, Ijjues, and Blijters,
whichare ilill upon the Foot of Evacu-
ation: by o^/?iwfl/e/^ perfifting in thefe,
and the like (intended to evacuate and
firengthen the alimentary PalTages) and a
thin, fpare, and nutritive D/«. Nothing
nourillies but Food duly concoBed ; and,
in the Courfe of Nature, we rauft firft
flump up and extend, and then harden
and ftrengthen. This is the Way of
Nature in t'egetation. And thus the
Animal Creation, devoid of Reafon,
rear up their Young: And thus even
Ci. the

114 ^» Essay e/HEALTH

the skilful Groom treats bis wafted and
decayed Horfe : And (which is wonder-
ful) you fhall find a fagacious Horfe^
Doctor plump up and fatten a rotten^
leany hroken-mnded Jade, and make hinfi
look Jlsek^ g'ty, 2Lndlk/eiy, fo as to cheat
not only the Efquipe^ but his Brother^
DoifoKj in fewer Weeks, than all tfee
Man- Doifors in England could rea r up
their Fellow Creature^m Years, 'Tistrue,
the Jukes of ^kn are more varioufly,
and rnore throughly corrapted, and
their Solids intirely broken^, which ne-
ver happens to the Bruie-Cr^ation. But
the greateft Miftake lies fti the Negfe^
of duly obferviflg, and religioujty profe-
cuting a proper Regimen. This liiuft
principally confift in a Diet o^foft^ lights
tender, coolj and mucilaginoHs Foods, or
fuch as are already become Chyte^ either
by Nature or Arr^ fuch are MUk^ and
MilhMeais^ Ricej Sago^ Barley^ Wheap^
EggSy Broths^ Ugh Soaps ^ J^ii^y white ^
youngy tender^ and well-fed Poultry j or
Butchery Meat, eaten little at a Tinie,
and often, never without an Jppetitei,
nor to Satiety ; joining to thefc, the other
Helps and Affiftances mentioned in this
Treatife. When Fkjh is oncGQOtney Yts
t^{y to mak^ it Jlrong and hardy^ by

due

" and Long Life. 115

due Exercife, and a gradual adventuring
upon higher Foods and more generom
Liquors.

§. J. I have ofcen heard valetudinary
and tender Perfons, and thofe of f^denta-
ry Lives and learned Profeflions, com-
plain of Head-acbes, Skknejfes at the Sto-
mach, Colicks and Gripes^ Loivnefs of
Spirits^ Wind, zndVapottrs, and yet pre-
tend they were very moderate and ab-
fiemious in their Eating and Drinking *,
But, upon Enquiry, Iconftantly found
thefe very Perfons purfued with ptirging
Stools, which was an evident Pruofy to
me, that they had taken down more
than they wanted, or could digeft.
For 'tis aniverfally certain, That thofe
that do not exceed, mull have cither
Cojiive, or, at leaft, Stools of a middle
Conftfience. There i; nothing more ridt-
culous, than to fee tender, hyjlericd at\A
vapourijb People, perpetually complainhgy
andyetperpetualIyc?'rt»iw(>^;cryingour,
They are ready to fmk into the Ground,
and faint away, and yci gobbling down
the richift Sindjirof/gcji Food, and higheft
Cordials, to opprefs and overlay them
quite. FrefJj a^nd generous Food, mixing
the jjjiirp Humours of the Stomach
Q 2 and

ii6 An Essay o/Health

and Bomls, may, for fome fhort Time,

quality and abate their Irritation, and

may give a Blltf to the fluggifh Circula-

lioHj and become, as it were, a Cork to

ftop the perpetual Fuming up of thefe

Dojc/o/*/ Steams upon the Head and^raw;

But this is (pardon the Similitude) as if

one fhouid go to quench t\[efe(itlentiai

: Steams of qOmwow-SAorff, by throwing

f in greater Heaps of Ordure and Nuifance

rinto it. The proper Remedy in this

FCafe, is, Firft, To cleanfe the feetid

\ ^hjfs, and then to preferve it clean by

Cutting off all the hlets of Putrefaciion,

This will require a little Courjge^ La-

houfy and Pam ; but the future Eafe

and Sweetnefs^ will more than abun-

r dantly recompence them; for there is

nothing more certain, than that of thofe

hora found here in England^ the Head.

aches J Stomach-aches^ Colicks, and nervoui

Pains and Diforders, umverfallj proceed

from Idlenefs and Fulnefs of Bread.

§. 4. Thofe who eat but one mode-
rate hlejh Meal a Day, will have regu-
larly once a Day a Difcharge of theRe»
mains of their Food. And, generally
fpcaking, thofe that go ofcner, have
exceeded fome how. Thole who pre-
tend

r £?wj Long Life. 117

tend to cure themfelves 0^ nervous Dif-
orders, or any other chromcal Difeafes,
or preferve themfelves from them, or
lengthen out their Days, muft under^
dofe themfelves (and therefore can go
but once in two Days) even though they
fliould undergo the Pain 0^ Ccjhvenefs,
For 'tis impoflible the Nerves of thofe
who have Jlippcry Bowels, Ihould ever
be braced or n'oand ap ; for there the
Cure muft begin, where the E'vil be-
gan; and muft be communicated thence
to the reft of the Syflem, as a Rope-
maker begins the Tmft at one End of the
Rofe, and communicates it to all the
other Parts. Our Acccfs to the Nerves
of the Scomach and Bowelsy is obvious
and open : To the «/?, the Way is dif-
ficult, and far about. And fince a. Re-
laxatio)/, Weaknefs^ and ivant of Spring
in the Fibres, is the Origin of all nervous
Diftempers, no Medicines, but fuch as
contraH^ {I'jfi^'i, rvir^d ap, and jborten
them, can remedy this E'vil ; and they
muft neceirarily contraEi and bind up
the fibres of the Stomach and Guts^ as
the Parts they firft approach and exert
their Virtue upon. And he, who with-
oiit frm Bowels, tliinks to cure a nervou-s
ftemper, labours as much io vain as
he

ii8 -^« Essay o/Health

he who would keep a FiddU^ftrhg
foaking in Oil and Water ^ to make it
vibrate or play off a fine Corapofition
of Muftck.

§• 5. By Experience and Obfervation I
have found, That in thofe who have
one regular Difcharge in Twenty four
Hours, the Time of the Progrefs of the
Food from the Stomachy till its Remains
are thrown off, is Three Natural Days.
And in thofe who go but once in Two
Days, the Time is Six Natural Days.
The Curious may be fatisfied in this,
by fwallowing an Almond^ or any other
iViy/,which palTes without being broken,
or making any Irritation. The Rea-
fon is this. That a fmaller Quantity of
Food is retained longer^ by their Suction^
at the Mouths of the La^eals^ to drain
it intirely of its Chjle^ and its Weight
being lefs, the Concoctive Powers have
the greater Force upon it, and fo it is
retained till it is perfe6ily Digefied^ and
drainM of all ics Humidity \ whereby
fuch People become Cojlive : Whereas
in People that exceed^ the contrary
Caufes precipitate the Courfe of the
Aliment^ and fo leave the Bowels al-
ways (lippery. , And nothing can more

' demon^

^ and Long Life. 119

demottfiratively rtiew an Excefs^ than the
Lubricit) of the Difcharge ; and I have
often obferved in tender Perfons, and
thofe of weak Ner've!, when a Meal
(I mean only of thofe who eat Ftejb
Meat but owi^ a Day) has been a little
too hard for the Stcmnch^ tho^ x\\t Spi-
rits have been full and free, and the
Health equal and good, by duly propor-
tioned Meals for two preceding Daysj
the Third Day, when the grofs Meal
came off, they have been full ofWifid.
and Vapours^ their Eyes dim, and their
Heads heavy, with flying Rheumadck
Pains over the Body, and CoUck-Gripes.
From whence we may draw thefe
three CorvlUries.

Corolt. I. It requires the fame Time
for the umomoEled Chyle of a grofs Meal
to run the Circle of the Habit, and the
feculent Remains to pafs thro' the Gats ;
the Firft by PerJpiratioKj and the Laft-
by Siege.

Coroll. 2. We may likewife gather
from thence, a Coffrmation of that
Jphorifm of the PlyficiaHS ; That the
Errors of the frjl Concociion^ are never
mended in the fubfe^aeni^ unlefs the
Cafe

J20 ^« Essay o/Healt

Cafe to be mentioned in the next Para<
graph be an Exception to it. Foi' the grofe
Meal gave rather more XJneafinefs^ when
it came to be thrown ofF by Perjpiration*

Coroll, 3. From hence we may alfo
fee, the Ridiculoufnefs of the Vulgar
Opinion, afcribing univerfally the Pain
they futfer, or the Relmf chey find, to

the laji Meal or Medicine.

§. 6. There are fome forts of Food
which may op^refsund load the StOTnach
and Alttneatarj DaBs in the ^rfi Con-
foHion, which may be very fafe and
benign in x\i& fuhfequent on^s. For in-
ftance, Cheefe^ ^gi^t Milk-Meats, and
Vegetable Food^ tho' duly prepared, and
juftly proportioned in Quantity^ may
chance to lie heavy on the Sfomich^ or
beget i4^ind in the Alimentary PaiTages
of ibme Perfons (and yet drinking of
Waier will always remedy this Incon-
veniency) : But thefe neither having
their Parts /^-i^wg// united, nor abound-
ing in Iharp Urinatts Salts, when they
become fufficiently diluted with a
wairy Minflruumy or diflblved into their
Componern Parts, and their Parts being
^iWfmaller than the fmalleji VelTcls, and
their

■ and Long Life. 121

their t/«/oflconftantlylefs, than the Forse
of theCoscoctive Powers, in Pcrfons who
have any remaining f/^nd of Life in
them ; wi!I thereby yield a fweet, thin,
and eafily Circulating Clj^ie, in the after
ComoctioRs become benign and falutary,
and afford no M'^terids for Chronical
Diftempers. And the Wind rhence
generated, not being pointed zn6. armed
with luch fharp AW/j, as thofe of flejb
Meats, or the Corrofive Juices o£ Spiri-
tuous Liquors, will be as innocent and
fafe, as thefi^cmsfff we breathe in.

§. 7. The Second Evacuation is by
PVaterj whole Circumftances and Con-
dition, tho' little adverted to, may be
ofgreat Service to dilcover both theState
of our Confiitutiof/, and the Proportion of
our Diet. Some People are frightncd
when they find their Witer turbid^ bro.
kettt and full of Urick-du(i Sediment ;
whereas that is the befi: Symptom it
can have. For tho' it fuppofes the
Blood loaded with Urim.'ts Salts and
Crudities-^ yet 'tis ftill better they fhould
pafs off than continue in the Habit. On
the contrary, when thofe that live freelj,
have Quantities of pale, Itmpid and fcveet
Water, 'tis a certain Sign that the Pw-

122 Jn Essay o/^Health

ffiraPioH is flopped ; that neither the F/rj?
not the Secondary Concoctions have been
duly performed ; that the Chjle has not
been fufficiently broken^ nor the finer
Secretions ^\.\\y made by the leffer Dr^/w;
and that the Urinous Salts are ftill re*
tained in the Habtt. Upon which mfoft
needs enfue OppreJJion of Spirirsj ChiBs
tipon the Extremities, fijing Rbeumatick
Pains over the Body, Bead- aches, Choliehs
and Gripes. And here it may not be
amifs. to take Notice of the DiflFercnce
of the pale Water of Hypochondriaad
and Hyjlerical Perfons^ from that of
thbfe who labour under a true Diabetes^
the Apprehenfion of which terrifies fo
often the Low and Dijpirited Perfons of
the Firfi Clafs, The Heater of both has
the fame Appearance ^ both in QualityznA
Quantity^ at leaft, in the firft Inftance,
they are both attended with the fame
Sinking and Difpiritednefs. But in a
true Diabetes^ there is a conftant jR&/>/,
a low but quick Fulfe^ the Water is
much fweeterj and continues longer to
come off in prof afe Quantities^ infomuch,
that fbmetimes it is fo violent as to
run down the Party in a few Days. In
Hypochondriacal and Hyfierical Perfons,
there is little or no Thirfi^ never a quick

Pulfc,

^flj Long Life. 123

Pulfe, but rather too low sindjlotv a one,
the Flux foon flops of itfelf, or by any
Jittle Diapboretick Medicine, and they
are cold upon the Extremttiesj which
the others are not.

• §. 8. That bluijh and variegate A Film^
which fometimes looks like Oil and
JFaf fwimming on the Water of Scor-^
katick and Cacheciick Perfons, is nothing
but the congregated Salts which are
rr(^Wtf^ fo thick together, that they are
ready to fhoot into Clujters^ much like
the FilmoiB, ^ Lixivium^ when (land-
ing for the Cryftalliz^ation of fixed Salts.
The Water which has a light Cloud hang-
ing almoft from the Tof to the Bottom^
is of a bright Amber Colour, and about
three Quarters of the Liquor taken dQW^^
is beft, and a certain Sign of a due Con^
€0Bion^ a juft Proportion of Food, and
a total Abfence of Repletion and Crudity.
And thofe who live Temperately^ ufe
due Exercije, and enjoy a perfeSb State
qS Healthy always make fuchW^^^^r.

* /. f . A Lye,

K z §.9- Thofe

124 -^ Essay o/'Healtk

§. 9. Thofe who are fubjeft to great
Quantities of //«y/^ and fale Water,
ought to conclude, that their Food has
been too heavy in Quality^ or too much
in Quantity for their Conco£tive Power Sy or
thtk Labour too little ; and that therefore,
they ought to proportion both, for the
future, with more Caution and Exa^nefs^
by living low for fome Time, or ufing
more Exercife. And to flop their Flux
of pale Watery they ought to take a
little Gafcoign\ Powder^ ConfeHion of
AlkermeSy or Sir Walter Raleighh Cor*
dial at Night, and drink liberally of
fmaB warm Hack Whey^ with a few Drops
of Spirit of Hart^S'horny to fet the Perfpi^
ration in order again. Thofe, on the
other Hand, who make high colour'^ d^
foulj and very turhid Water in fmaller
Quantities, have either inflamed thqjir
Blood too much with Spirituotis Liquors^
or loaded it with too great a Quantity
of Animal Salts. To prevent therefore
Diforders and Difeafes^ they muft Icflen
the Quantity of their Flejb Meat, and
temper the Heat of their Wine with
Water. Elfe they will lay the Foun-
dation of fome Acute Inflammatory^ or
4angeroqs Chronical Diftemper,

§. 10. The

(

and Long Life. 125

§. 10. The worft kind of Water of
all, is that of a dark Brown or dirty Red,
in a fmall Qjaniitj^ and without any
Sediment. iWisXdnAoi Water, in Acute
Difeafes, always indicates infuperable
Crudity^hi^hlfiUaMmatiori tcndingtowiids
Mortificattorj, and a dying Languor la
Nature. And in Perfons labouring
under no vifiUe Diftemper at the Time,
an almoft total Dehslity oi \.\\q ConcoBive
Powers, an infeparable t7fl/o» of the Cow-
///«e»/PartsoftheBlood,thehigheftDc-
gi"ee of Cr«(/r/j', and 2. Deadriefs ia a\\ %hQ
Animal Funiitons : And, if preceded by
long continual Excejfes, requires the Ad-
vice ofa Phyfician. I flwU fay nothing of
Coffee-coloured^ Bloody, WbeytPj, Or Puru-
lent Water, or that with white Grai/e/,
Films, Rags or Bits of broken Mem-
hrattes. They are well known to be
Nephrttick, or Symptoms of an Ulcer
fomewhere in the Urinary Paffages.

K ^. 1 1. There happens alfo an Evacu-
ation both by Siege and Urine^ to fome
Veak Vc^ian^ Qi relaxed Nerves^th^t cx-

ffsmely alarms the Patient^ and is not
{0

126 ^7/ Essay o/Health

fo readily accounted for in common *
jEtiology. It is when either a white
tranfparent^ vifcid Subftance, like GeUy^ is
conftantly voided by the Bowels^ more
or lefs ; or when a white^ «^^%i i}^^
Subftance, like Cream or laudable Mai;,
ter^ fettles in the Water : Both thefe Jp^
fearanees are commonly afcribed to an
Ulcer in the Guts^ or in the Kjdneys^
the very Apprehenfion of which 6
almod fufficienty in fome low Perfon%
to bring on the Diftemper feared:
And yet, I am very certain, there is
neither tflcer nor true Matter in eich^
Cafe, as I propofe them. For whert
there is violent and acute Pain, or
Matter of different Colours or Mixtures,
there, very poflibly, may be, nayj
certainly there is, an Ulcer. But in rht
Cafe I here intend, there is very little
or no Pain ; no Hectical Paraxyfnts^
which always attend an inward Ulcer \
no bloody ov fa^ious Mixtures, which
always betray the inward Sore; no
fetid Smell to imply Corruption. For
the Cafes I put at prefent, happen to

* That Part of PhyficJc which teaches the
Caufcs of Difiafes.

Per-

and Long Life. 127

Perfons the leaft capable of Inflammation
or Impofthtimatson^ viz. to paralytick Per-
fons, or thofe of a Natural Tendency
that Way, to cold^ vapour ijb Perfons of
low Spirits and weak Nerves^ whofc
Pulfe is low and flow, and their na-
tural FunStions weak and languid ; all
which evidently fhew, that thefe Dif-
charges cannot come from an Ulcer.
The firft Cafe I take to be either an
Gbftruftion of fome of the LaSieals^
whereby the Chyle cannot be carried
off in any fufficient Quantity, but
pafling through the Guts^ and its more
Watry Part being evaporated^ it be-
comes thick and gelatirjous^ and is
thrown off at laft with the Remains of
the Food. Elfe it muft be an Obftru*
aion of thofe Glands of the Guts^ by
which a vifcid Matter for lubricating of
them, is commonly fecerned ; by the
Imprifonment and Evaporation of which
Matter, it thickens and turns like a
Gelly (as it does by Cold, or Overfeeding,
in the Glands of the Mouthy Throat and
Windpipe) and, at laft, by the Squeezing
of the Guts^ is thrown offl And in the
fame Manner, I take that Milky Sub-
ftance fubfiding in the Water ^ in fuch a
Cafe as I have mentioned, to ariie from

128 w^/iEssAvo/ Health

a Relaxation of tho Glarfds o£ the Kfdaey^
and Bladder^ and other Urinary Paffages j
and that both are to be cured the fame
Way other Nervous Diftempers are
cured, wc. by a proper Regimen of Diet ^
and a Courfe of contrafting, ftrengthen-
ing, and volatile Medicines.

§• 12. The infenfible Perfpiration is
the Third Evacuation to be confidered*
The 5^/jx//WC/^^/V in vented by SanStorius^
for examining the Quantity of the Per*
fpiration, however sngenious and delight^-
Jul in Speculation^ is too cumberfome and
laborious to be of any great Ufe in Com.
monUk. 'Tis certain, however, that the
free and full (lowing of this Evacuation^
is as ncceffary to Health as any of the
groffer, fince in Quantity it is at lead
equal to both the torementioned ; and
an ObfiruStion thereof, is generally the
Source of all Acute Difeafes, as it is a
Confequence of all Chronical ones. And
therefore, I have advifed thofe who
are much abroad in Eafierly and
Northerly Winds (which moft of any
obftruft Perfpiration) and have Fluxes
qI white 2Lnd pale fVater^ to a ready jin*
tidote to prevent the Beginnings of thefa
Ohfiruiiions.

§.13. Dr.

and LpNG Life. 129

§. ij. Dr. * JAMES KEILL
has made ic out, beyond all pofl^bilky of
doubting, that catchivg of Cold is no*
thing but fucking in, by the Paffages of
ferjfifation, large Quantum of moift
Air and nitrom Salts^ which, by -thickening
the 3lood and Juices (a$ is evident
firom. Bleeding after catching Col£) and
thereby obftru^ing^ not only the Per-
ffiratiQnj but alfo all the other finer Se*
actions J raifes immediately a fmall
¥ever and a Tumult in the Whole Animal
Oeconon/y ; and, negle6):ed, lays a Foun-
dation for Confumftions^ ObfiruBions of
the gxtztVifcera^ and univerfal C^i&^jci^j.
Th^ Tender therefore, and Valetudinary
ought cautioufly to avoid all Occalions
of catching Coldy and ii they havje
been fo untortunate as to get one^ to
fet about its Cure immediately, before
it has taken too deep Root in thp Habit i,
From the Nature of the Diforder thus
defcribed, the Remedy is obvious ; To
wit. Lying much abed, Dr//?/r/;sg plen-
tifully of fmall warm Sack Whey^ with
a few Drofs of Spirit oi Harts^horn^ P^jf^t;^
Drinks Water Gruel^ Or any other warm
fmall Liquors, a Scruple of Gafcoignh
Powder Morning and Night, Living

S lov^

* His Statica Britannica,

I^o ^/i Essay o/Health

lotv upon Spoon-MeafSj Pudding and
Chicken^ and drinking every thing warm :
In a Word, treating it at firft as a fmall
Fever, with gentle Diaphoreti^ks *^ and
afterward, if any Cough or Spitting
ihould remain (which this Method
generally prevents ) by fofiening the
Breajt with a little Sugar-Candy^ and
Oil of Sweet Almonds, or a Solution o(
Gum Ammoniac^ an Ounce to a Quart of
Barley Water, to make the ExpeHoration
eafy ; and going cautioujlj and well
cloathed into tht' Air afterwards. This
is a much more natural^ eafy and effe^ud
Method, than the Practice by Balfams^
Lin£tus\ PeStoralsy and the like Tram*
fery in common Ufe, which ferve only
to fpoil the Stomach, opprefs the Spirits,
and hurf the Conflitution.

§. 14* The fureft Way of maintaining
and promoting a due Perfpiration^ is, To
take down no more Feod than what
the Conco£tive Powers are fuflSicient to
reduce into a due Fluidity^ and the
Expences of Living require, to profe-
cute neceffary Exercife^ and ufe the
other AJJifiances advifed in the foregoing
Chapters. Want of due Reji-y and the
Re/rejbment that follows upon it, fiart-

and Long Life. 131

ing^ tcfflng^ and tumbling abed, are
certain Signs that th^ Perfpiration is
not duly carried on in the Night Seafon.
And therefore, in order to remedy this,
a greater Proportion of Exercife, a
greater Degree of Abjiinence^ or fome
gentle domeftick Purge^ muft be had
recourfe to the next Day. Colual
Pains, Grifes and Purging^ m\xc\iEru£tam
tion and Belching of Wind, Low Spirited-
nefs^ Tawning and Stretchings are infalli-
ble Signs that the Perfpiration flows not
freely and plentifully then. And
therefore the fame Remedies ought to
be profecuted, as foon as an Oppor*
tanity offers; elfe the Party will fuffer
at laft. Wind^ as SanSforius obferves
and demonjlrates^ is nothing but ob-
fruited Perfpiration: And Tawning and
Stretchings are but Convulsions of the
proper Mufcles and Organs appointed by
Nature, the one for Pumping up Wind
from the Bowelsy the other for prefling
upon the Excretory DuSis in the Skin^
to force out the fluggifh/>er//?/V^W^ Mat-
ter. And 'tis beautiful to obferve, how
wifely Nature has contrived the Spafms^
Cramps and Convulftons of the proper
Organs y to expel every noxious and ex*
traneous Body out of the Habit. Thus

S 2 Qough-

132 An Essay o/Hea^tm

Coughing is a Convulfion oS t\iQ Diafhragtn^ *
and Mufcles of the Breafi^ to throw out ^
vifcid Phlegm ; Vomiting of the Stomash^
(aflifted by the Diaphragm and Mufcles,
of the Abdomen) to throw up its Gftf*
/i///<?5, and thofe of the Boivels ; or to
^jc/?^/ Sand or 5re>»tfj from the Kjdneysh^
The Throws of Labouring Women^ ar?
to bring oflF the Burden. Sneezi^ is an
Effort of the proper Mufcles^ to cjeQ:
fome noxious Particles from the Organs
of Smelling. Shivering 2Lt\d Stretching to
affift Perfpiration ; and X^^^i^g to puoip
up noxious Wind. And even hanghing
itfelf, is an Effort of the Mufcles of
the whole Tr^/iit, to throw off fome-
thing that its delicate Membranes can-r
not bear. And, Laftly, Hyperical Fits
and ConvulfionSy both in Infants and
JPerfons come to Maturity^ are but
violent Efforts^ Struggles, Workings^ •
Cramps and Spafms of all the Mufcles
pf the whole Body together, to expely
fqueeze, and prefs out the Iharp Acri*
monioHs Wind^ Fumes and Vapours from
the Cavities of the whole Machine.

§.15. There is an Evacuation in-
cident to Perfons of weak Nerves^
which could not conveniently come ia

vnder

arid Long Life. 133

Wnder the general Divifion^ becaufe it
f happens too feldom to make a nev/
Member of it. It is a Difcharge of thin
B^heum from the Glands of the Mouth,
Throat and Stomach, and is called by
, fome, A Nervous or Scorbutick Spitting.
b it rifes fometimes to the Heighth of a
fetit Flux de Bouchcj as the French call
it, and threatens fome tender Perfons,
as they apprehend, with a Confumftion^
though it imply nothing lefs. We may
obferve fome, who are ftruck with a
deep Falfey^ to flow at the Mouth, and
drivel down their Breads; infomuch,
that the Afflided of this 6Vf, who are
advanced in Years, can fcarce fpeak
intelligibly for the Flux^ 'till they have
firft emptied and cleaned their Mouths.
And this arifes to (o great a Heighth,
in fome much broken paralytic k Perfons,
that, upon the flighteft Occafions,either
ofjcy or Griefs they are apt to run into
a Frofttfion of Tears, Sighs and Sobbings.
And fome forts of Ideots^ and thofe
Hyftericallj mofd^ and m oft of thofe who
fuffer from relaxed and weak Nerves ^
are more or lefs fubjeft to thefe Salival
Difcharges, efpecially after Excejfes in
Diet. Hence the firj} Sort receive the
Appellation of Snivellers or Drivellers.

And

134 -^» Essay o/Health

And the DiiBculty of the Cure of all
the Defeafes of weak Nerves depends
much on the Quantity and Confticution
of this Bux. For much and long
Spitting and Running off of this Rheumy
implies a total Relaxation oi th^ whole
Nervous Syfiern^ and fhews neither the
firft nor fecond ConcoSliom have been
duly performed. I have frequently had
Occafion to fhew, how Excejfes in the
Quant it) or Quality of the Food, in
Perfons of relaxed and weak Nerves^
begot a vifcid and groCs Chyle^ of which
that Part^ which could not get through
the LaBealsy lay fermenting and putri*
fying in the Alimentary Paffages, begot
Wind^ Grimes and Colicks^ and at laft
wrought itfelf off like a Purge ; and
that that Party which got through the
Laiteals, and was received within the
Limits of the Circulation^ being too grofs
and glewy to be mixed with the old
Mafs of the Fluids^ to circulate through
the fmalleft Veffels, and to enter the
fine Perfpiratory Glands^ would necef
farily be thrown into the wider, more
fpongy and loofe Salivary Glands^ which
are appointed by Nature to fecern the
more Glutinous Parts of the Fluids.
And from thence this Salivary Inunda-
tion

r and Long Life. 135

tion proceeds. The faf? is, When thofc
of weak Nerves^ commit habitual Ex-
ceiTes in their D/ef, the Glands and
fmall VelTelsof all the Body are /aw/jf^^?,
[welled and obflrucied thereby, as they
needs muft be. And 'tis from the
Preffure of thefe inlarged Glandsy and
the obllruftcd capillary Veflels on the
Nerves, and patent Blood Ve^els, that
moft of the Evils they fuffer under
proceed. But moie cfpecially, are the
G/d»iij appointed to draw off the more
vifcid ferous Part of the Blood, oh^ruliei
and tuT/fified thereby. Upon which Ac-
count, as Bagltvi advifes, 10 enquire
well into the State of the Tongue and
Mouthj in order to dilcover the Con-
dition of the iVo«Bdc/7, Guts and Bowels-j
{o I think 'tis highly reafonable, in a
Chronical Cafe, to have great Regard to
the Condition of the Eyes ; and if a
dead, cold Languor be obfeived in the
Hue or Heater of them ( as Jeipellers
fyt:z.k o£ Diamonds') and more-efpecially
if the lachrymal Gland in the Corner
next the Nofe, whichi always narrow)/
infpe&i if, I fay, this Gland be found
harder, or larger than ord'toiry, ftveSed
and tumifed, it muil certainly be con-
cluded, whatever elfe be in the Cafe^
there

136 ^» Essay o/HEALTit

there muft be a relaxed State oi Nerves^
much Vafoursj weak aatural FunBions^
and a mifmanaged Regimen. And it is
from the Obftradion and Swdling of
this and the other Glands^ in and about
the Ejes^ and their Preffure upon the
Optical Nerves^ and fine Blood V€ffclsi
that thofe Sfots^ Flies ^ Atomsy Dimnefsj
Darknefsy and Confufton of Sight, in
Vapoanfb and Hyfierical People proceed;
"^ For this Gland ihews, that the whole
ferom Glands in the upper Regions of the
Body are, in Proportion, tumified and
fwelled with vifcid Humours through
Excefs of Diet ; unleft the Perfon have
fuffered there by Accident, or labours
under fome natural Diforders of the
Eyes. From the Obftruftlon and SweU
ling of the Salivary Glands in the Mouth,
Throat and Gullet, proceed alfo thofe
ChoakingSy Gulping and Strangling^ that
Hyfierick Perfons fo often complain of.
The Wind a ad Crudities lodged in their
Stomach and Guts, and the reft of the
Cavities of the Body, prefling to get
Vent upwards, are refifted and ftoppM in
their Palfage by the Diaphragm, where-
by the Infpiration is ftreightned, and^
by the Bulk of thefe Glands throughout
the Gullet, the Way isintirely ftoppM;

which

and Long Life* 137

which raifes fuch a Tumult and Struggle^
as produces the mentioned Symptoms ;
which I have not Leifure to detail here
more minutely. Now this Salivation
or Difcharge of the thinner Rheum^ and
that Coughing and Hawking of, more
vifcid Flegm^ commonly called a nervoui
Cough, as alfo the Chincough of Children,
and all fuch Difcharges of (harp 5«^/^w
in Perfons of weak and relaxed Nerves,
is an Effort of Nature to relieve them*
And. if difcreetly managed^ and duly
heeded, would prove a Crife to their
Difbrders, and quite free them from
their prefent ^ Paroxyfms, and fet the
Circulation and Perfpirationy and, confe-
qucntly, the Spirits^ at Freedom and
Liberty again. Some Perfons moft
diftraaedly run to Drams and Cordials
to remedy this £i//7, to ftop the Violence
of this Deluge^ and to raife their
drooping Spirits. But it fervesonly to
thicken the F/^^?», fhut up the Mouths
of the Salivary Glands clofer, and fo to
perpetuate the Evil they mean to cure*
Others devour large Quantities oi high
znd generous Foods, becaufe they find a

* The (harpcft Part of the fuffcrhig Fit of ^
Diihife.

T h'ttle

138 An Essay ofHcALTH

little Relief to their Spirits, from the firft
Run of the {"^^ttt^ thin, and fpirituous
Chyle : But this is only adding Fewel to
the Fire, and runnir>g on in a perpetual
Round ofLownefs and Slaverwg. Where-
as, would they ftitfer Nature to aft
her own Way, to carry on this critical
Dffcharge, as far as it will go, without
oflfering in the leaft either to check or
promote it ; but by thin, light Food,
and cool Liquors, in moderate, or
rather under-dofed Quantities, fupport
her in the manner thtConcoStive Powers
are fufficient for; after fhc had diC
charged all the Crudities from the Mafe
oilht Fluids^ by thck Emu^^oryGlaftdsy
and thereby given a free Paffage tothe
Pi^i/7d to elcape the Way it tends, the
Salivation would leflen gradually, and
at laft ftop of itfclf. And if then towards
the Decline^ a gentle Fomit^ to pUmp up
the flow and vifcid Remains of the
Wifid and Flegm in the Upper Part of
the AUmentary Paflages, and afterwards
a gentle Stomachick warm Purge^ to
fcour the Lower Part of thefe Ti^i^/,
were carefully adminiftred ; the Patient
would foon find a clear Head, iightfome
Spirits^ Eafe and Fr;eedom from Pain and
Oppreffion ; the Circulation^ and Per/pi^

ration

and L o N G L I F E* 139

ration would be fooQ brought to their
natural and found State, and Health and
Cheerfulnefs rcftored together ; unlefs a
mortal or habitual ^ Ptydifm was the
Cafe, which I Imve fometimes obfer-
vedy as fatal and incurable as a true
Dropfjj or inveterate Diabetes ; all which
owe their Being to a deep Scurvy^
whereby the Globular Part of the
Blood is intirely broken^ and the Scrum
made a meer Lixivifum or Lye*

R U LE S /or Health and Long
Life^ drawn from the Head

Of EVACUATION.

t.f^OSTIVE Stools are Signs of
^ over- heated Blood, too fpare
Feeding, Slownefs of Digeftion, or
Weakoefs of the Guts.

2. Purging Stools fhew intemperate
Feeding. Too full a Meal has the
Effefts of a Purge^ fills the Guts with
Wind, and gives Gripes. Mercurj^znA

i«Mta

Spitting.

T 2 even

140 Jn Essay o/Health

even the Barkj Diafiardium and Treacle^
i( aver-dofedy furge.

J . Head-aches J fick Stomachs, Vapours^
low Spirits, Grifes and Colicks^ proceed
from Cranfming ; and are ever accom*
panied with loofe Stools.

4* Thofethat live temperately^h^ve one
regular Stool a Daj. Thofe who have
more^ exceed^

5. The Cute of all Relaxations of the
Nerves (the Source of Chronical
Difeafesj muft n^eflarily begin at thQ
Stomach and Guts.

6. The Time from eativg a Meal,
till its Difcharge^ is three Days, in thofe
that have Qne Stool ^ Daji : Six in thofe
th^t have but one la two DaySt

7. A grofs Meal produces more Dif-
orders^ the Day the Excrements of it
go ojf^ than the D^y it is eaten,

8. A Meal takes the fame Time to get
through the Habit by Perfpiratfon^ that
its Remains do to pafs through th^Guts^

9- The

and Long Life. 141

9. The ErroTf of the firft Concoftions
cannot be mended afterwards.

10. Pain or Reliefs is oot always the
EffeSt of the lafi Meal or Medicine^ that
was taken down.

11. Though Cheefcj Eggs^ Milk and
vegetable Foods^ may be hard to digefl:,
without drinking of Water^ to fome
Stomachs ; yet their Cbjle is good^ and
produces no bad Effeds.

1 2. Turbid Water with Brick-duft Sedi-
ment| proceeds from the critical Dif^
charge of what was preternaturally
retained in the Habit.

I J. Pale fweet Water, from the
Urinous Salts being yet retained.

14. There is great Difference be-
tween Hy^erick pale IVater, and that
which procetds from a Diabetes.

15. That Appearance of Fat on the
Urine of fbme People^ is nothing but a
fhin Ftlm of Sialts,

i6. Bright

•M

142 Att Essay (/Health

1 6. Bright Amber^cdour^d Water, with
a light Sediment rifing toward the Top,
amounting to three Quarters of what is
drank, is a Sign oigood Digefiiou.

17. Great Quantities oi pale Water
proceed from Excefs in the Quantity of
Food, and want of Exercife. The Cure
of it is performed by eating lefs^ ufing
more Exercife, and taking lome Diapho-
reticks^ to fet the PerfpiradM right.

1 8. High-coloured turbid Water in
fmall Quantity, fhews abundance of
Animal Salts in the Habit, or the
immoderate Ufe of Spirituous Liquors:
And muft be cured by vegetable Fqod^
and Water J or other fmall Drink.

1 9. Dark brown Water, or of a dirtj
redj is extremely dangerous^ both in
acute Cafes, and in thofe that feeni at
prefent to ail nothing.

20. Bloody purulent Water, and full
of Eilms^ is a Sign oiNephritick Ailments^
Stone and Gravel.

21. The

and Long Life. 143

21 • The vxkid Matter XvktGeUyy in
the Stoolsy and the vifcid milky Suh^
fiance fomewhat like Matter in the
Urine of forae People of iveak Nerv^es^
proceed from a Corruption of the
Liquor of the Mucotis Glands of the
Intefiines^ znA oi tht Bladder y and Other
Urinary PafTages.

22. ObfiruSlion o[ Perfpiration is One
Source of acute Difeafes, and a Confe-
quence of chronical ones.

23. Catching of Cold is an ObfiruSiion
of Perfpiration^ oy the humid and nitrous
Particles of the Air. It fhould be cured
by gentle Diaphoreticks, and not by
Balfamick Pedorals, which do no good
but in the End of the Cure, to pro-
mote Expectoration from the Lungs, if
there be any Occafion for it.

24. Perfons of weak Nerves, have
often a critical Flux of Rheum from the
Glands of the Mouth and Throaty to a
very large Quantity, which, if not
tampered with, brings them great
Relief.

CHAP. VL

ij^^JnEssAY o/Health

CHAP. YL
Oftbe PASSIONS.

•

§. i.TCome now, in the Order of my
-*■ firft propofed Method^ to treat
of th« Vaffions ; which have a greater In-
fluence on Health and Long Life^ than
mod People are aware of. And that I
may propofe my Scheme with the great-
eft Clearnefs I can, I will lay down
fome Profofitions or Axioms^ as the
Ground- work on which it is founded.

Prop. I. The Soul refides eminently
in the Braw^ where all the Nervous
Fibres terminate inwardly, like a
Muftcian by a well tuned Infirument^
which has Kjjs within, on which it
may play, and without, on which
other ¥erj'ons and Bodies may alfb play.
By the imvard Kjys^ I underftand thofc
Means by which the Thoughts of the
Mind affeft the Body ; and by the out*

n^ardf

and Long LitE. 14J

ward^ thofe whereby the Anions of
Sensations of the ^oij afFeflt t;he Minn.
Both thefe Affections may be called
Vaffions \Ti a general View^ as either
Part of the Compound is aaed upon.

Scholium. As a Man is compounded
of two different Princifles^ Soul and
Body ; and as there are two different
jcinds of outward ObjeSts^ by which thefe
two different Principles mzy be afted
upon ; to wit, Matter and Sfirit j the
faffipns in thefe two different Vietvs may
be divided into Spiritual and AnimaL
As to thtfirft Branch of this Divifion,
(ince Spirits (if I may be allowed there
are any fuch Beings) may be fuppofed
CO a6l upon one another^ without the
Mediation of Organical Bodies (fuch
perhaps was St, Paul\ E.xtaJ)^ when he
was rapt up into the Third Heavens;
fuch w^s Mofes^s Commerce with his
Maker J when he fpoke to God Face to
Face ; fuch muft the Influence of the
Divine Grace be fuppofed ; and all who
allow of Revelation^ admit, that the
Soul may be Serene and Tranquil, while
.the Bodf is in Diflrefs and Pain ; and
even all the Stoick Philofopby is grounded
en this Dijliniiion^ it mufi have a real

U ' Ex*

14*5 ^w Essay o/Health"

Exigence in l^ature. And the other
, Branch muft alfo be allow'd by all
thofe, who cannot thinit Brute AmmnU
mere Machines^ and whoobferve, that
we have Imfrejftons made on our Bodily
Organs, which affed us, fometimes
very deeply, even in our BUep, How-
ever thefe Things be, 'tis fufficient for
my Purpofe, that Man is allowed to be
a compounded Being, on which out-
ward Objefts may act, to abftraft the
Confideraiion of the Imprefflons made
on the Sftrit^ from thofe made on
Body.

Prop. If. The Union of thefe
Fririciples In the Compound, Man^
feems to confift in Lim pras-eftablifh'd
by the Author of Nature^ in the Com-
munications between Bodies and Spirits^
as there are, no doubt, L.uvjeftablifli*d
for Spirits, in their Commerce and
Aftions upon one another. For every one
knows there are Lam of Nature, efta-
blifliM by its Author^ for the Anions Of
bodies upon of>e another.

, Scholium* Thefe Lan;/ of the Aflions

' of the Soul on the Bodj^ and of the Body

upon the Soul^ arc never to be known

and Long Life. 147

to us, but by their EfeBs ; as the Laws
of Nature in the Actions of Bodies
upon oae another^ were firft difcovered
by Experiment^ and afterward reduced
into general Propo^cio/is. One Liw of
the Aftion of the Soul on the Bodjy i^
'Vice verpij feems to be, That upon fuch
and fuch Motions produced in the
Mufical Inftrument of the Body, fuch
and (ach Senfations ri]oiild arife in the
Mind; and on fuch and fuch Actions of
the Soul, fuch and fuch Motions in the
Body (hould enfue; much like a Signal
agreed to between two Generals, the
one within, the other without a Citadel^
which ftiould figjiify to one another,
what they have betbre agreed to, and
eftablifhed between them ; or Uke the
Kjy of a Cypher^ which readily explains
the other wife unimeHiome Wiiting.
Befides thcfe Pajfions and Jffeiitons,
which are involuntary^

Prop. III. As Bodies are purely ^/j^x'?,
andaie a£ted upon by other Bo^rw, con-
formable to the fettled Laws ot Nature ;
in Spiritual Beings, on the contrary,
there is an acHve, [elf motive, fdf-deter-
mining Principle^ by which it dircfls arid
Banages itfeif with regard not only ta
U 2 its

148 An Essay o/Health

its own felfj and its own Sentiments ; but
alfo to its ABions and Influence on other
Beings without it, and their A£lioas
and Influences on it. And this is the
Foundation of Liberty^ or Freewill^ in
Rational and Intelligent Beings.

Scholium. That this Faculty or PriH^
ciple really exifts, and is eflTential to
Spiritual Beings, is as certaini as chat
there is Motion in the Univerfe^ or chat
Body and Spirit are ejfentiaRy different.
For) that Motion is not effential to Bodies^f
is as certain as that Bodies are imfenc-^
irable ; and that the Quantity oi Motion
in the Univerfe J maybe, and is daily in-
creafed, is as much Demon/iration as any
Proportion in Euclid. And if Motion be^
is, or may be increafed, it mud arifc
^om Spiritual Beings. And he who
can deny this, only fhews himfelf
Ignorant of the principles of all true and
juft Philofophyy and of the firft Elements
of the Syjtem of material and fpiritual
Beings. For further Convittion 0^
this, and clearing up all poflible OfiC
jedions and Dimculties^ I refer the
Reader to the Learned and Ingenious
pr. Clarke^ in his Anfwer to the En-
quiry into Liberty J and bis Letters to
^ ' ' • " Mn

and Long Life. 149

Mr. LeibnitZy where he has treated
this Matter with the greateft Perfpi-
cuicy and Juftnefs. Befides thefe now
mentioned Princifles^

Tfof. IV. As in Bodies there is a
Principle oi Gravity or AttraStion^ where-
by, in VacuOy they tend to one another^
and would unite^ according to certain
haws and Limitations eilablilhed by the
Author of Nature : So there is an Ana^
kgMs Principle in Spirits j whereby they
would as certainly, in their proper
Vacuity^ be attraSled by, tend to, and unite
with one another, and their firft An*
iiwj Centre^ and the Rock out of which
they were hewn (to ufe a Scripture*
Pbrafe ) as the Planets would to one
another, and to the Sun. And this is
nothing elfe but what in Scripture is
caUed Charity.

Scholium. This Proportion is as cer-
tain as the Rules of Analogy are, which,
in my Opinion, are the Foundation of
all the Knowledge we can have of
Nature^ while we can fee only a few
JJnks of the Univerfal Chain^ and but a
few disjointed Parts of the grand Sj^em

150 ^« Essay o/Health

of the Univerfe, The Jathar oi Nature^
who could create intelligent Beings only
in order to make them Happy, could
not leave them to fo many differenc
jIttraflionSy without impianti/ig into their
Effeitce and Suhfiame^ as an Antidote to
fuch Variety 0^ Diftraiiions^ an i»§mte
Tendency^ Bent and Biifs towards Beings
of the fame Nature, and towards /Ifiw-
felft who was the Caufe and Object of
their Felicity. And even in this our
lapfed and forlorn Eftate, there remain
evident Footfteps of this Principle yet
un- effaced. Such are the Checks of Con-
fcience, natural AfeBion^ and the uni-
verfai Defre of Immortality^ and Dread
of Annihilation ; what the World calls
the Seeds of Honour and Renown; all that
Concern and Regard paid mere Ro-
mantick Heroes ; and the Worjhip beftow*d
by all Nations, who are not funk into
mere Brutality, on fome Superior and In-
vifihle Powers. Thefe arc Remains of
this Pri/iciple, and its Workings, fuf-
ficient to (hew its Reality apojieriori; as
the Laws of Analogy, and the Nature
and Attributes of the jirjl Being, fhew it
a priori. Thofe who admit of Revela-
tion, cannot doubt of it for aMooient^

and Long Life. 131

Ibr ^ Mofes calls it, A Law engraven on the
Heart of Man^ and f St. Paul^ The
greatefi PefeStion of Human Nature.

CoroS.i. Hence the true Nature of
Suprenfie Sfiritual Good and Evil may be
difcovered. For if there be impreffed
on Sfiritual Beings, an infinite Ten-
dencj^ Bent and Biafsy to be reunited
with their Divine Original^ and the
Place in the Divine Subflance out (^
which they were formed (if I may
fpeak fo in a Figurative Senfe ) thea
their being iinally united with this their
Divine Original^ is the Supreme Spiritual
Good^ and the feveral Approaches to-
ward this Union, are inferior Spiritual
Goods ; as the being finaBji feparated from
it, is the fupreme Spiritual Evilj and
the feveral Steps toward this Separation^
inferior Spiritual Evils. And the Means
of this Union and Separation^ are Moral
Good and Evil.

CoroB. 2. By SchoL of Prt?/. i* the
moft general Divifion of the Pafflons^

* Deut. XXX. 14.
t I Cor. xiH. ulc.

was

1^2 ^» ESS^AY o/HeALTI*

was into Spiritual zttA Animal. A$, id
the Jirjt Seofe^ Pa/fion may be defined^
Tha Sentiments produced on the Soul by
external ObjeSts^ cither Spiritual ones
immediately 9 or Material bnes^ by the
Mediation or the Organs of the B(?^ : SOt
in the y^rt^/r^ Senfc, Paffion may be
defined, The Effcft produced by 5/>/ri»
or Bodies^ immediately on the Bodji
And fince outward OhjeHs may be con*
fidered as Goods or Evils^ the moft na-
tural Divifion of the Pajpons (whether
Spiritual or Animal) as they regard
thefe Objects^ is into the Pleafurable and
the Painful ; which exhaufts their
whole Extent. And in this Senfe all
the Paffions may be reduced to Love and
Hatred^ of which ^oy and Sorrow^ Hope
and ftf^r, &c. are but different Modi^
feat ions or Complexions^ as they may be
called. I do not defcend to a more
particular Acqount, not intending an
accurateTreatifeon the P^j^f?;^/, but only
to lay a Foundation for fome general
Objervations on them, as they regard and
influence Health and Lof^g Lifei,

^ §. 2. In relation to the Organical Iri-
ftrumentsof the Body^ and the Effefts
wrought on them, or the Dilbrdcrs

brouzht

and LoNQ Lif E. ^53

brought upon them, the PaJJions may

be divided into Acute and Chronical^
after the fame Manner, and for th^
feme Reafon, as Difeafes are. Thie
acate PaffioftSy whether fUafurable or
fahful^ have much the fame EfeSl^
and work much after the fame Manner^
as Aftite Difeafes do. They eflfefb i
brisk and lively Circulation of the Fluidsy
mff up and conftriB the Solids for fome
ftlort TTime. Thus fudden Gufis of Joj
or Griefs Pleafure or Pain^ ftimulate
and fpur the Nervous Fibres, and the
Coats of the Animal Tuhs, and thereby
give a Celerity and brisker Motion to
their included Fluids, for the fame
Time. And the FafiBiom of the Heart
and Lungs being involuntary^ they have
their more immediate Effefts upon
them. Thus both fudden Joy and Griefs
make us breathe (hort and quick, and
make our Pulfe fmall and frequent.
The retaining our Breath for fome
Time (for fo far our Breathing hvolunr
tary) to refleft more intenfely upon the
painful Objeft, forces at laft a ftrong
Exfpirationj which becomes a Sigh.
Thus a fudden painful Idea^ makes
a quicker Circulation of the Bloody
and thereby throwing a greater

X Qjian-

154 ^» Essay 0/ Health

Quantity thereof upwards, through
the froportionatty larger Branch of the
Jorta, makes it appear in the fuperficmt
Veffels of the tace^ Neck and Breafi\^
and fo produces a Bluflj^ which, when
longer continued, and being very ftrong,
is difperfed over the whole Surface of
the Body. Hence the Obfervation of
Blujbwg at the Back of one^s Hand \ and

the Reafons why we figh upon fome
Occadons, and hluj^ upon others, de^
pend upon the different Structure of
the Organs of Puliation and Refpiratioff,
A quick furprizing Pain of Mind a£h
upon the Hearty becaufe the Motion of
the Heart is altogether involuntary : So
that a fudden Confiriliion takes plaCd
there immediately to increafe the Pulfe^^
Whereas we have fome Power over
the Breathing ; we can flop or fufpend
it for a Time ; and when we are thinkr
in^intenfely^ our Attention partly makes
us hold our Breathy and hence enfues;
Sighing father than Blufbing. For the
Pain being jlowy quickens the Vulfe
more gradually: But if it continues
long both Aftions of both Organs are
refpeftively produced ; and hence it
comes to pafs, that upon Anxietjy
Concerny and earneji Expe^ation, the

Pftlfe

and Long Life. 155

Pulfe is found quick and fmall, and the
Breath thick and difficult, as Experience
fliews.Thc fame Principles will account
for the Effefts of Fear and Afiger^ which
make us change Colour, and look red or
faie^ as the Blood is accelerated or re-
carded in its Courfe. The fudden
Giffts of thefe Paffions being thus ac-
eounted for, when they become ex-
treme, they drive about the Blood with
fuch a Hurricane, that Nature is over-
fot, like a Mill by a Eood : So that what
drove it only quicker round before^
now intircly ftops it, and renders the
Countenance pale and ghafily. Sudden
and great Fear or Griefs do fo convulfe
the Nervous Syftem^ that fometimes
they alter the Pofirion of the Parts,,
and fix them in a new one. Thus the
Hair ftands on end in a Fright^ and the
whole Sjftem of the Nerves becomes ib
rigid and (iiff^ as to lofe their EUfticitj ;
whereby the Animal Functions are
ftopp^d at once ; and Fatnting^ and
fometimes Death^ enfues.

§. J- The Chronical Paffions^ like
Chronical Difeafes^ wear out, wafteand
deftroy the Nervous Sjftem gradually.
Thofe Nfves which are neceffary for

X 2 ccn*

• * ^

156 Jn Essay o/Health

confidering^ broodingov^v^ and/^/iig fuch
a Set of Ideas on the Imagmaiiony being
conftaotly employ^d^ are worn out»
broken and impaired. The refiy by
Difufe, become relly and unad:ivei
lifelefs and deftitute of a fuificienc fl»^
of warm Blood and due NourifhcnenK,
And thus the whole Sjft^m lai^uiihfis
and runs into Decay. Thus (low aod
Ipng Griefs dark Melancholy^ h^eUJA
natural Love^ and overweening Pride^
(which is an outragious Degree oi Self-
love) impair the Habit, by nftaking the

8 roper Seafons of neceflary Food afid
ue Labour be negle^led, and tbfifcbjr^
depriving the natural Funilians ^,%\\tAt
wonted Supplies, overworking fomot
Part of the Nervous Syfiem^ anjcjlleaviflg
the other to ruft^ and become re^ tee
want of Ufe. Some of thefe PajffijOes^
as Lovs^ Grief and Pride^ when v^ry/
intenfe and long indulg'd^ teumioafiat
even \a Madnefs, The Reafoa is^ as \
have been faying, beqaufe long* aoA
conftant Habits, of fixing one ThiagOA
the Imagination^ begets a ready Difpofiti-
on in the Nerves to produce agajfi rfie
fame Image^ till the Thought of icbecome
//7c?/irti/?^^/^and.natural) like breathiogiOC

mQMptJm oMvifieart^whi^^^^^^^

per?

and Lo MG Life. 157

peribrms without the Confent of the
fVill; and alio a Difability or ^Tetanm
enfues on the other Parts, juft as the
Faquiers in India^ fix One Or both Hands
by long holding them up, fo as thac
they cannot bring them down again.
There is a kind oi Melancholy , which is
cUJled Religious, becaufe "tis converfanD
^bout Matters of Religion ; although^
often the Perfons {o diftempered have
Utthfolid Piety. And this is merely a
Tidily Difeafe^ produced by an iU Habit
or Conflitution^ wherein the Nervous
&yfiem is broken and difordered, and
ths Juices are become vifcid xndglefitf.
This Melancholy arifes generaUy from
^.Dijguft or Difrelifb of worldly Jmufe^
wents and Creature-Conforts^ wheireuTOh
the Mind turns to Religion for Conjold^
tio». and Peace : But as the Perfon is in
a very imperfcft and unmortified State,
not duly inftru^ed'and difciplined, anci
ignorant how to govern himfelf, there
eofues Fluctuation and hdocilitj/j Scru^
palojityy Horror and Deffair.

§• 4. Since tjte Mind reddest as^ has
beea&id!,' in* the common Senfory^ like

158 Ja Essay o/Hbalth

a skilful Mufician by a well^tunei Infifu^
tnent ; if the Organ be (bund, duly tern-
peredy and exadly adjufted, anfwering
and correfponding with the A6lions of
the Mupciaff^ the Mufick will be dijiink^
agreeable and harmortious. But if the
Organ be fpoiled and broken^ neither
duly tuned^ nor juftly fitted up, it will
not anfwer the Intention of tht Mufician^
nor yield any diftind Sound^ or true
Harmonj. Thofe therefore who are
tender and valetudinary^ \t2Ld fedentarj^
Lives, or indulge contemplative Stu«
dies, ought to avoid ExcefTes of the
Faffions^ as they would ExceiTes in high
Food) or Spirituous Liquors, if they
have any Regard to Health, to the
Prefervation or Integrity of their In^-
telleifual Faculties, Or the bodily Organs'
of them. As the Pafjions^ when^(?m and
continued^ relax ^ unbend^ and dijfolve
the Nervous Fibres ; fo the fudden and
violent ones Jcrerv up^ ftretch and Bend
them, whereby the Blood and Juices
are hurried about with a violent Impe^-^
tuofitjj and all the Secretions^ are either
ftopp'd by the Conftridions, Cramps
and Convulfions begot by them, or*
are precipitated, crude and uncon-
coded, and fo beget, or, at leaft,^:dir-

pofe

and Long L i f e. i 59

pofe toward Inflammations^ Fevers ot
Mortifications. Hatred^ for Example^
jtnger and Malice^ are but Degrees of
a Frenzy y and a Frenzy is one kind of a
raging Fever. From all which 'tis
plain, the violent and fudden PaffionSj
are more dangerous to Healthy than
thzjlovff and continued, as acute Difeafes
are more deftrudive than chrdnicaL

§. $• To flicw yet farther, the In-
fluence of the Paffions on the Animal
Oeconowjj let us coniider the different
Conftitutionsof Men. Thofe who have
very fpringy^ lively j and elajick Fibres,
have the quickeft Senfations^ a weaker
Jmfulfe producing a ftronger Senfation
in them. . Thefe generally excel in the
Animal Faculty of Imagination. Hence
the. Poet,

• " ^ Genus irritabile Vatum.

And therefore, your Men o( Imagination
are generally given to fenjual Pleafure,
becaufe the Qbjeds of Senfe yield them
a more delicate Touchy and a. livelier
Senfation^ than they do others. But if
th^y happen to live fo Jong (which is
" ■ ■ ■ .1 ■ ' ' ■ . I ' ■

* Pgcis arc fiwh provok'd. •:

: • - hardly

f6o Jv Essay a/ He Attn

hardly poflRble) in the DccUm of Life
they pay dearly for the greater bodily
Pleafures they enjoyed in the Youthlul
Days of their Vanity. Thofc oi rigid, fisf
and unpiUir^ Fibres^ have Ujs vivU
$enfations^ becaufe it requires a greater
Degree of Force to overcome a greater
Refinance. Thofe excel moft in tht
Labours of the Underfiandin^^ or the If^
telleSiual Faculties, retain their Impref-
^ons iongeft, and purftie themfartheil;
and are moll fafceptibie of the flow a«Nl
lafting P(2JJionSy which fecrcdlv confume
them as chronical Djfeafes oo. AimI
laftfy^ Thofe whofe Organs of SenfaPi^
are (i( I may fpeak fo) iM^ekifl;ickf or
intireiy callom^ refij for want of B*l
ercite, or any way ohjirtiiled^ or na«
tu rally ill- formed^ as they have (carce
any Paffions at all, or any lively Sctt*
fations, and are incapable of laftiflg
Jmpreffions ; lo they enjoy the jirmefi
Health, and are fubjeft to tbo feweft
Difeafes : fuch are Ideots^ ^&afanu and
Mechar/icksy and all thofe w^e call Jdi*
dolent People.

§. 6, We have befons jQiewii, that
weak Lifffk^ aiid all t^he- bodily
Organs^ may be- (^pefigDfa^ntcl and fe*

paired

(

and L6ng Lii'E. i6i

j^aired by proper Exercije. And there
IS no doubt to be made, but the Organs
oiSenfation^ and thofe the Mind ufes
in its intelleiiual Operations j may be like-
wife improved J firengthned and perfected
by conftant Ufe, and proper Application.
And if by ExcefTes, an original bad Con-
formation^ or any Accident, i\i^{t Organs
Come to be fpoiled^ or by the bad State
of the "^uices^ they be weakned in their
Funliions ; then the Medicinal and
Chirurgical Arts may take place, and
come in play. But if the Pa (lions be
imaging and' tumultuous^ and conftantly
fuelled, nothing lefs than He, who
has the Hearts of Men in His Handsy and
forms them as a Potter does his Claj^ who
fiiBs the Raging of the Seas^ and calms the
Tempefis of the Air^ can fettle and quiet
filch tumultuous, overbearing Hurri*
cane^ in the Mind, and Arjtmal Oeconqmyi
Without fuch a Miracle^ fince the Soul
and BodydidimMiw^Wy upon one another^
and the Tabernacle of Clay is the
weakeft Part of the Compound:^ it muft
at laft be overborn and thrown down.

§. 7. In fuch a wretched Cafe I knoii/
no Remedy, but to drown all other
Pafllions ift that Spiritual one of t\\6

Y L0V6

ft'-

I6a ^fi Essay o/Health ^*

[Love of God. The Reafonablenefs and
JuAnefs of which Proceeding, and
(what may feem a Paradox) the Ufefu!-
nefs oHt to Health, and its benign In-
fluence on the Animal Oecofiomji^ I Ihall
endeavour lodemonftraie. Spirttual Love
is that Principle analogous ro Attraliion^
fpoken of in Prop. IV. 'Tis the Teit'
dencj^ Byafs or Imputfc of the Minds of
Men and other Spirits, toward themoft
amwi/ff Objects, communicated bytheir
Creator in theic original Formation^ by
virtue of whicli, they conftantly tend,
frefs zxi^ urge 10 nmtf: (and, JfObftacles
were removed, would unite) with one
another, and be all united with their
Origin, This Principle indeed, in this
laffed EJlate of Man (where 'tis over-
laid and buried under K«A^;yi&, involved
in fo many other JtiraUlom^ and ftifled
with fuch Letts and Contrarieties^ that
its Aftion is felt but juft enough to know
that it is, and wants to be awaked with
Labour, and excited with Fiolence^ as
the Scripture mentions, the taking the
KJngdont of Heaven by torce) on its firft
Dei'elopenient and Exp'infan, and in its
firft Exercifes, may be called a Spiritual
Pi^oHj as 'tis the firll Motions, En-
deavours and Velleiiies toward the Love
of

and Long Life. 163

ef God or Chanty. But in its Advances,
iadfntl Perfeiiion zn<\ Confummatton^ it
diicovcrs itfclf to be a Fact/ltj, Qualityj
Or inherent Power in the Soul^ whereby
it will aft without Solicitation^ Motive
or Direcliofj. As a Stone in a Wally
Aftned with Mortar^ comprefled by
furrounding Stones^ and involved in a
Million of other AttraBinns, cannot fall
toxhc Earth, nor fenfibly exert its na-
tural Gravity^ no, not fo much as to
difcover there is fuch a Principle in it ;
juft fo, the intelligent Soul^ in this her
Uffed Eftate, being drorvned in Senfe,
chained ^nd fettered by Ignorance and
Perverfenels, drawn and hurried away
by the DevU^ the World and the Re/i&,
is difabled from exerting this inherent
and innate Principle of Re-uniony and
wants fufficient Light on the Under-
fiandingj and a right Turn of the Jl'r//,
to be put in a Capacity ofexercifing ir.
But in its proper Vacuity^ and being
freed from thefe Letts and Impediments^
it would mount towards its Original,
like an Eagle toward the Sun. Jmiahi-
lity. Pulchritude or Beauty ^ is as much
the peculiar and proper Objeft of this
AfFeftion of the Mtnd^ as Lighty or a
lumittoui Body is off^ifotr ; for Deformity,
Y 3 as

164 ^ Essay o/Health

as fuch, can never be loved. Ani
Beauty or PerfeStion^ is, in Reality and
jufl: Philofophy, nothing but Andqgjj
Order^ or juft Proportion. From hence
it necelTarily follows, that in the Scale
of Beings, all Objeds ought to be loved
in proportion to their Degree ofBeautjy
Symmetry or Perfection. And confe-
quently, the higheft Perfe^ion ought to
be loved with the highefi Degree of
Love^ and the feyeral fubordinate De-

frees of Perfection, with proportionate
)egrees of this AjfeCtion of the Mind.
And (ince Finite^ when compared with
Infinite^ vanifhes quite, or becomes
nothirjg\ it follows neceflarily ((ince
there is, and can be, but one Qbjed
that is Infinite^ Good and Perfe^, and
all others are but Created^ and Fini^
Goods ; that is, in Comparifon they are
nothing) that, according to the esernal
and immutable Laws of Anakgy^ the
One fupreme Good^ endued with Injinite
Perfection^ ought to be loved with a
Love infinitely fuperior to our AfFefti-
ons for other Things, or (which is the
fame Thing in other Words) that^ in
Comparifon^ our Love to the Author of
our Being, ought to be in^nite ; and
that to ourfelvcs and other Qbjeds, ais

being

and hoiJG Life. 165

being finite Crt2ituvcs, none at all.
This is the true Philofophy of this Matter,
and as much a Demonftration^ as any
thing in Numbers or Geometry poffibly
can be; however it may be received
by Men of Self-Love and Carnal Minds.

§. 8. Yet I would not be {o under-
ftoody as if I condemned ?lW fubordinate
and duly proportioned Regards for Our^
felves and other Objects about us, that
are neceffary for our Support and Ac-
commodation in our prefent State. No!
There is a juft and laudable Self-love,
as well as a falfe and vitious one. If
we love Our/elves^ as we love our
Neighbours ; if we love Ourfelves as God
loves us ; if we love Ourfelves as we
deferve to be loved by the infinitely
ferfeSl Being ; if we love Ourfelves with
a juftly proportioned, and duly fub-
ordinate Love : that is, if we love Our--
felves with a Finite^ and Him with an
infinite Lave^ or a Love increafing, and
goinp on in infinitumy that has neither
Limits nor End : Then we love Our-
felves as we ought ; this Self love is juft
and laudable, and has its due and pro-
per Degree of Reality and Exiflence^ in

fhe Nature of Things. Perfe(fion^ or
'.- ' aa

i66 ^» Essay (/Health

an Objed perfefl: in its kind, or one
that we think foi is the proper Objed
of our Love. And as in due Amalcgi^
Proportion and Ordery wfimte Fbr-
fedion requires wfiniie Love, or the
higheft Degree of Lave we can give it ;
fo all other ObjeSls are to be loved with
a D^ree of Lave proportioned to their
Perfe£lian. And fince a Being of m-
fnite PerfeStion can be but ane^ and all
other Beings can have but ^ finite De-
gree of Perfeifioffj We muft love them
but with a finite Love ; or, the Profarm
tion of our Love to Him and them,
ought to be, as Infinite is to Fimite.
That is, comparatively we ought to
love them with na Lave at all ; but
abfolutely ( or without comparing
ereated Things, to the infinitely ferfe&
Being) with their proper Degree of
finite Love, according to their Rank in
the Scale of Beings.

CoroU. Tho' from the Nature of the
Demonfiration I have given, that Goi is
to be loved, it is evident he is to be
loved infinitely for Himjelfj and his own
infinite Perfe^ions^ abftraQ:ing from all
Other Confiderations, even that of our
own Happinefsy in die Enjoyment of, or

Union

and Long Life. 167

Union with Him; Yet it is certain,
thefe TwOy our Love to God^ and our
awn Haffinefs^ cannot be aflually iepa-
rated. Pleafure confifts in this, That
the Soul and Body are afFe^ed, by the
Objeds that produce it, with an har-
monious and commenfurate A£lion or
Touch ; for in their original and uncor^
rupted Make, as they came from the
Hands of their Creator j both feparately,
and each by themfelves, and alfo m
their Anions on one another, all
was Harmony and Concord. As to the
Body ; as nothing but a mufical or com-
men fur ate Touch, can afieffc it with
Pleafure, and as a difcordant and uncom-
menfurate Stroke creates a Jarring^
Grating and Obfiru5tion^ which is Pain
("this is evident in Hearing^ where the
agreeable Senfations of fonorous Bodies,
are altogether harmonious ; Sir Ifaac
Nemon^ has made it plain in Virion \
And, no Doubt, it is fo in all the other
Senfes) So likewife as to the Soul ; Trutb^
and Beauty or Perfeifion^ are the only
Objedis that give Pleajure to the Un-
derftanding and Will^ its two Cardinal
Faculties. And thefe are nothing but
Harmony^ or juft Proportion va the re-
fpedi ve Objeds. And we have Ibewn,

that

i68 ^» Essay b/HEALTH

that the Union of the Soul and Body
(or Lifcy the fo much coveted Good)
confifts in a kind of HarmoniafntftabiUta
(though a kind very different from Mr.
Leibmtz?s) whereby an harmonious Teach
or Adion upon either of them, produces
a fleafurable Senfation. Now as Beauty
or Perfeciion gives Pleafure to both the
Parts of the Compound^ and as nothing
but the higheft Degree of Perfe£tion or
Beauty^ can give the greatefl: Pleafure^
ue. Happinefs; it necefTarily follows^
That Spiritual Love^ or the Lx>ve ofGodi
as it is the only Mean of uniting us with
the One Being, who h infinitely ferfeU^
IS alfo the only Mean of making \A
infinitely hapfy.

§. 9. As to the fecond Thing propofcd
concerning Spiritual Love^ however
foreign thefe metaphyfical Speculations con-
cerning it may feem, to a Difcourfe
about Health and Long Life ; yet, if
fteadily believed, and their natural
Confequences reduced to Practice^ they
would not only become the moft ef-
fedual Means to prevent Difeafes^ but
alfo, the mofl of any Thing, promote
Health and Long Life. For, y?r/, Were
our Love proportioned to the Order and

Analogi

Andigj^ Tliiflgs ; were out* L^^ to the
Stffreme Gifodinfinitiy and that to oth^^
in Comparifod, mmr 4/ liiZ} we fhbiil4
have but one (ingle Yiew in all cldr
Thoughts^ Words and AStions^ viz. The
Fromoting and Raifing that fufreme
Lovt^ « tb its due Degree and ElevatioB :
whereby all Anxiety^ forking Care^ ana
Soliiitade abbut othef Things (the
Source of all oxxv Miferies^ and of many
Bodily Difiiafcs) would be ri/^ off all at
once. Secondly^ Since Le^i/^ always be<^
^sRefrmbhme of Manners ; fince the
Objed of this L^e is infinitily fetfeB ;
if we loved him in the^/rr^M^ Degtet^^
we fhould injinitely endeavour to refemble
Him: whereby Hat fed and Mslice^
LuxMry and Lewdnefsy Lazhefs^ and aH
the other ^fe^fj of Bodily Difea(eSjWOV\d
be altogether defiroyed. Thirdly^ Since
Spiritual Love is not only the ndfUJt^
but alfo the moft m/«/ and pleafant
Affe(\ion of the Mindf; fince ttie Ob-
|ed of our fufreme llove (as an in^ired
Poet cxpreffes it) -has fulnefs of Joy in
his Prefence^ and Rivers of Pleafures at his
Right Hand for ever*, and fiflce ourji^
and Haffinefs will dways rife in |)ro-
portion to our Love ; the placing Ourt*
fufreme Love on the fufreme Gcod^
: Z would

I70 ^» Essay o/HEALTrt

would render us infinitely jcyful^ ferencj
ealmzndpleafed; than which^ certaittly,
no Man can imagine a more effe&ual
Mean of Health and Long Life.

RULES 0/ Health j»^/ Long
Life, drawn from the Head.

Of the PASSIONS.

I. np H B Pafflons have a greater In*

^ fluence on Healthy than moft
People are aware of.

a. All violent znd fudden Paflions,
difpofe to^ or a£kually throw People
into acute Difeafes ; and fbmetimes the
fnofi violent of. them bring oa fudden
Death.

3 . The JIow and lafiing PaffionS, bring
on chronical Difeafes ; as we fee in Griei^
and languifhing hopelefs Love*

4* Therefore the fudden and acute
Paffions are more dangerous than the
flow or chronical.

5. Med

and Long Life. 171

5. Men of lively Imaginations and
great Vivacity^ are more liable to the
fuddea and violent Paffions and their

EflFeas.

6. Thoaghiful People, and thofe of
good Underftanding, fuffer moft by the
yfoff, aad feeretly confumif)^ Paijions.

7. The 7»(fo/ff»f andtheThoughtleCs,
fuffer Uajl from the Paffions ; The
Stupid and Ideots not at all.

8. The Vifeafes brought on by the
Paffions, may be cr4red by Medicine,
as well as thofe proceeding from other
Caufes, when once the Paffions them-
feves ceafe, or are quieted- But the
preventing or calming the Paffions them-
felves, is the Bufinefs, not of Phyfick,
but oiVirtue and Religion.

9. The Love of God, as it is the fove-
reign Remedy of all Mifertes, fo, in parti-
cular, it effeftuall y prevents all the Bodily
Diforders the Paffions introduce, by keep-
ing the Paffions themfelves within due
Bounds; and by the unfpeakable Joy,
pad pcrfed Calm, Serenity and Tran-

Z 2 quility

17^ An Essay o/He\a]uth'

quilityit gives the Mind, becomes the
mo^foveerjuloi all the Means q^ Health
and Lofg Life.

CHAP. VIT.'^

Contamng thofe OBSERVA-
TIONS, that came not na-
turally under the forego'mg
Heads.

[■^i.V(l^NTfON having been (b often
r .\ *^'' made of Chronnal^ and fome-
tin^cs oWftf/eDiftempers, it may be con-
venient here, to fuggeft to the Readers,
i as clear an Account of their Nature
i .%nd Difference, as I poffibly can.
J ^cute DiJ^empcrs, then, are underftood,

Juch as within fome fhort Itmiied Time
avc their Periods, either of a perfeS:
I ^''^f^. and fubfequent Recovery, or of
"lUttinganEnd to ihsDiJlemi>erind Life
U^tj^ together j and are therefore called
quickf

and ho VG Lif»- 173

^icky Jbarp or ^ute Dideqipers^ whofc
Syi;npcomsar^ pqr€ yioleqt, their Dura-
tion (horteriaod cheirPcriods more quick,
either of fuddet^. D^athy or 9 glorious
Vii^orj over th» Difeafe. Thefe are
generally limited within forty Days.
And thoTe th»t run out; longer, turn
iptQ chronical Dideippers^ whofe Periods
afe more flo^t tbeir Symptoms lefs
fipvere, and their Duration longer*
They too (if new Fuel were not ad-
miniftred to them ) would, by the
Courfe of Nature^ and the Animal
Qeconomjy have their Period^ and ter-*
iplnate at the laft. The Vifcidity of the
Juices^ and the FLacodity of the Fibres^
^puld, in agreatmeafurc, and to fome
very tolerable I>egree9 by fraper Reme^
4ies^ and a due RegimcPj be removed^
^nd the Party recover in thefe, as well
as inciy/^ Cafes. But this requiring long
Time, much Care, and great Caution^
unwearied Patience 'and Perfeverance,
and fo long a Courfe of Self-denial ^ as
few People are willing to undergo, ic
is become the Reproach of Pbyfick and
Pbyficians^ that acute Cafes cure them-
felves .(or, rather, Natur.6: cures them)
and chramtaL Cafes are never cured.

?ut both the Branches of the Reflexion,
are

174 ^» Essay o/Health

are equally falfe. In the Firft, Art
and Carej judicioufly applied, will al-
ways alleviate the Symptoms and Suffer-
ing, will help on Nature to the Reli^
ihe points out, and quicken the Crife,
which it will conftancly bring about,
if the Diftem^er is not too ftrong for the
Coaftitudoff. And even then it will
natigate the Pain, and lay the Patient
gently and eafily down. But in the Ufi
Cafe^ if due Care be had, to follow time-
ouQy the Advice of an honeft and expe-
rienc'd Phyficiaay a Period certainly may
be brought about to moft chronical Di-
fiemfersy where the great Vifura are
not fpoiled and del^royed. The Fail-
ing is in the Patient himfelf, who will
not, or cannot, Aeny himfelf {or a Time
fufficicnt to bring about the Cure. Some
chronical Di^em^ers indeed are fuch,
cither by having gone too faty or by
being Hereditary^ and interwoven with
the Principles of Life, as never to be
totally overcome. And then 'cis a
P'kcz oi great Wtfdomy to know how far
their ConAitution will go, and fit down
contented with that Meafure of Health
their original Frame will admit of. But
of this I am morally certain, If the Rales
and Cautions laid down in thisTreatife,

and Long Life. 175

be carefully^ Jieadiljj and confiantlj ob-
ferved, few chronical Diftempers but
will receive fuch Relief and Alleviatiott
by them, as to make Life tolerably eafy^
and free from grievow Sufferings : And,
in the mentioned Cafe^ that is all that
is tefc for Art to do. But in other
chronical Diftempers, taken in due Time^
where the Vifcera are not quite fpoiled,
they would infallibly bring about a fiml
Period^ and perfeft Cure. The moft
certain diftinguifhing Mark of an Acute
Diftemper, is, To have a quick Pulfe ;
that of a Chromed, To have ^jlow one.
The firft will exhauft the fluids, and
Wear out the Solids in a {bort Time ;
whereas the lafi will require a longer
Time to produce the fame Effeft. Some
chronical Diftempers, efpecially towards
the lafi and fatal Period, turn acute.
And fome acute ones terminate in thru-
meal Diftempers. But this Mark will
not only keep them diftin£i \ but alfo
point out, when acute Diftempers have
chronical Remillions or Intermiflions,
and when chronical Diftempers have
acute Fits or Paroxyfms.

§. 2. Some Perfons who are ex-
tremely healthy and found during
their

175 JnBssMYof Mi Atr^

their younger D4ys> abdut, or food
after tht Meridian of Life (that fe,
about Thirty-five or Thirty-fix^ -ac-^ ^
cording to the ObferVatidn of znhffirei
Kj^) fall into chronical Dlftertipers,
which cat tHeih off in few Years^ Of
make them mifersble all the r6ft of
their Lives. Thtis Omfamtions provd
mortal to fotfieAboiit that Time. Thus
Stone and Gravely Goat atid Kheamdtifm^
Scurvy artd OropJ), Kjn£ s-^Evit 2itiA Skin^
Dfjeafes^ either mike their/r/? Appear*
anccs, or (hew themfelves in theit trcr*
Tjfe about this Time of Life. Ttid '
Reafbn is, While the Juicer are fvree^^
fufficiently thin and fluid,' but efpe^
cially while ihtfolid Organs^ the Meni^^
brdnes ^nd Fibres^ are yet biit unfoidtn^^'
ftre^ching and drawing out to their full
Dimenftons^ any Acrimony^ Sharpnefs, 6t'
corroding Humour, can affeft them nd
other Way, than by making them w-
yme^ and fo extend thehtfelves farthef
and- farther. For as Pain, fo thefi
fharp salts, by their Twitching and Irri-
titioh ori the tender F/^r^^, make thefli .
only contrad, and fo draw at both^
ExtremitieSy and thereby unfold and
extend themleives farther ; So while
the original Foldings and Ccmsflicatians of

the

dwJ Long Life. 177'

the Solids are not yet quite extended,
this Jrritaiiofi ierves only to draw them
out, and does not hurt them, till they
are arrived at their full Extent, which
generally happens about Fivc-and-
cwenty. It takes a (^«? Time at'ter that
for thefe_/i&dr;> Humours to ejr^/f them-
felvcs to their utmoft AcrimoRj^ to cor-
rupt and putrify the Juices, and alfo
fome more Time to wear out, to ob-
ftru£t and break the great Organs^ and
their fmaller capillary VetTels. The Sum
of all which, brings the Periods of the
great Attacks of thefe Diftempers to
the mentioned Time of Life. Thofe la.
whom the original Taint is deeper and
more radicated, and the natural Con-^
ftitution weaker^ fuffer under thefe At-
tacks fooner. And thofe in whom it is
Jlighter 3.nd more fuperficial, and whofc
Complexion is fironger and more hardy,
hold out longer. But the Generality
fuffer firft, eminently, about the Meridia/t
of Life. Hence the common Obferva-
tion of thofe that die of a genuine Ce)»-
famption, that they begin to feel it firft
before Thirty-ftx.

§. 4. There is no chronical Diftemper

wbatfoever, more univerfaly more 0^-

A a fiinatSf

178 An EssAK (/Health

ftinatc^ and ttiox^ fatal in Britain^ than
the Scurvjj taken in its general Extent.
Scarce any one chronical Diftetnper but
owes its Origin to a Scorbutick Cacbexie^
or is fo complicated with it, that it fur-
nifhes its mofl: cruel and moft obftioate
Sjmptams. To it we owe all the Drtffies
that happen after the Meridian of Life,
^n Diabetes^ j4fihma\ Confuwfpivns of
leveral kinds, many forts oiColicks2it^
piarrhaa^Sj fome kind$ of Gouis and
Rlffumatifms^ all PalSes, various kinds
oilllcersy and, pofllbly, the C^^r^ il^ielfi
s^nd moft cutof^eom Foulnefles^ weakly
ppnftitutions, and bad Digcftt(»is,
Vapours^ Melancholy^ and almoft all mt-
vQis^ Diftcmpers whatfoever. And
what a plentiful Source of Miieries thefe
la ft: are, the Jffli^ed befl: can teL
And fcarce any one chronical Diftemper
whatfoever, but has fome Degree of
this ^vil faithfully attending it. The
Reafon why the Scurvy is fo * endemick a
piftempfr, and fo fruitful of Miferies^
hy that it is produced by Caufes moftly
l^ecial ai}d particular to this IJland\ to
wit, The indulging fo much in animal
Food^ a nd^re?;5g fermenting Liquors, in
^pntmflatm^ Studies, 2j\6jedentary Pro-

feflions

^ FjPCuIiar to this Country.

, and L o N G L I F E. 1 79

feflions and Employments (and thence
the Want of due Labour and Exercife)
together with the »«ro»tf Moirtuie of an
Jflandy and the InsonfinKcjznd Imlsmeney
of the Seafons thence arifing. I have
had many Occafions to Ihew, how fuch
Caufes muft necelTarily and naturally
produce fuch Effeils. I will here only
touch the Matter flight! y, to point out
the Connexion. Jnimal Foods andjlror/g
Liquors to Excefs^ g^nd with Continuance,
muft load and charge the Fluids with
their Salts. Want ot due Exercife muft
fuffer thefe to unite in Cinders, and in-
creafe their Bulk in the fmall VclT;ls.
Their larger Bulk^ and greater AaimD?}y^
thencearifing, muft increafe the Fifitdtiy
of the Fluids, by breaking the Blood
Globules, and fo caaguUtwg the Mafs,
and at laft obftruft thejfwer Pipes, and
all the fmallcr G/fl«(^j.- Whereby the
Tone of all the elafiick Fibres muft be
interrupted and broken, and their
Vibrations ftopt at every obftruQcd
Gland and capillary Veffcl, and an unf-
verfal Diforder produced in the whole
snimat Oeconomy. And this Diforder
win operate, and ftiew it fdf inij^ra/'-
toms fpecial and particular, according
to the fpecial and particular Make and
A a z Co«-

1 Conformation of the Parts, the Wesfrr-
",|ie£b or the Strength of the Orgam^ the
rpanicular Mifmanagctnents, and pre-
..pife Slate of the Atr the Party lives io,
'.And the Detail of thefe general Caufe«
applied to particular Perfons, muftpro-
' iluce the refpeSive Difcafes mentioned.
_In a Wora, The Scurvy is a kind of
CathoUck Diftemper here in Britain^
^rifing from conjlani and general Caafes,
from the Caftoms of the People, and
■f -om the Nature of the Climate^ which
renders the ferous Part of the Blood
too thick and glewy^ breaks and divides
^he Union of the globulom Parts, ob*
ftruQs the fmali VefTeis, and deftroys
the Springinefs and Elajlicity o£ihe Fibres.
So that moft chronical Diiftempers, can
be iittle elfe, but Branches and Cions
from this Roof, which (like Pandora's
pox) is fo fruitful of Variety of Mif-
phiefs. And its arifing from the Climate
and Cttjloms of the People, is the Rea-
JTon why chronical Diftempers are fo fre-
quent in Britain^ to what they are in
varmer Climates (which, by & freer Per'
■ fpiraiion and Irgbier Diet^ not only pre-
vent thofe Difcafes in their own Inhabi-
taniSy but univerfally cure thofe of our
md whp ?re afflided

and Long Life. i8i
if they flee to thofe Regions any reafon^
able Time before Nature be quite worn
out). For though the Inhabitants of
Britain, live," for the moft part, as long^
or rather longer^ than thofe o? tvarmer
Climates ; yet fcarce any one, efpe-
cially thofe of the hetter Sort, but be-
comes crafyy and fuffers under fome
chronical Diftemper or other, before
they arrive at old Age. The fame Rea-
fon is to be afligned for the Frequency
of Self-murders here, in England efpe-
cially, beyond any other Country.
For few have Grace and Refignation
enough, to fuffer patiently the lafting
Pains of a chronical Diftetnper, or the yet
more torturing aod crucifying A»guifh of
a perpetual Difpiritednejs ; though I
have obferved genemSj, and have good
Reafon to conclude aniverfallj^ That all
Self-ntarderers are firft diJtraBed and
diftempered in their intelleifualV^cuhies.
Notwiihftanding the Diffuftvenefs and
Z7»/T/fr/'/;;)iofthis Difeafe, fothatfcarce
a fingle Individual of the better Sore
is altogether free from rt^;yet I never
once in my Life, faw it tocal/j extirpated
in thofe who had it to any Degree, Co
as to be intircly free from it all the reft
of their Lives after ; but that it ftill ap-
peared

i82 j4tt Essay of Health

pearcd^fld fprangupagaln in (6meSynip~
I torn or other, and at laft brought foith
. thitgrafd one, which put a fiaal Period
CO all their Sutfeiiogs. One good Reafon
fi)r this is, That it requires a Regimen
\ and Ccttduci fo intirely contrary and of-
I fofite to the natural Habiis and Cufioms^
' and the univerfal Bent and Jppetites of
the Inhabitants of this Jjland^ that it be-
I comes a kind of perpetual Self-denial m
them ; which the Britijb Natiosj id
' general, does not mightily admire.
I Another Reafon is, That fne Folks ufe
their Phjficians^ as they do their Laun.
I drejfeSf fend their Linen to them to be
cleaned, in order only to be dirtied
I again. Nothing lefs than a very mo-
, derate Ufe of animal iood^ and that cf
, the Kind which abounds leaft in urinous
I Salts (as moft certainly the young and
1 flie lighter-coloured do) and a more
moderate ufe of Spirituous Liquors^ due
habour and Exercife^ and a careful
guarding againft the Jmonfiamy and
Inclemency of the Seafons^ can keep this
Hydra under. And DOthing elfe than a
total Ahjhnence from ammal Foods^ and
firong fermented Liquors, can totally ex-
tirpate it. And that, too, muft be be-

and Long Life. 185

gun early ; before, or foon after the
Aiendia» of Life; or elfe there will re-
main too lirtle Oil in the Lamp^ the
Spirits will fink too far, ever to be re-
covered ag^.in ; and the remaining Part
of Life, will be too Ihort for fo total a
Change as muft be made. So that
thofe who luffcr greatly under this
British Dirtemper, muft be contented
to hear and forbear a little, and muft
expcft no greater Degree of Healthy than
their Time of Life, the Nature ot their
Difeafe, and the State of their Co»jlitu-
tion will admit of. But ftill a great
Moderation in animal Foodsy and fpiritu-
om and fermented Liquors, due Exereife^
and a Care to fence againft the Injuries
oi the Weather, will make Life tolera-
bly eafy ; efpecially if fome gentle
domeftick Purgesh^ interfpeifed. The
Seeds and young Sprouts of Vegetables,
have fcarce any grofs, fixed, or ejfential
Salts at all in them. This is not only-
evident from the Reifons formerly
given (becaufe they arc young, or the
Nourifhment appointed by Nature for
young Vegetables ; for the Earth is
only a proper Neji or Matrix for them ;
and the A»b's Heat fcrves them in-
*- ftcad

i84^tf Essay o/HEALTrt ^^

(lead of IncuhationJ but upon * Trial
and Ex'imwaihn, they yield none, being
coo light and thin to caUiae and in-
eineraie, and the Salts too volatile (and
confequently, fmall and fit to pafs by
Perfpiratiofj^ and thereby can be no way
injurious to Human Conjiitutions) to en-
dure the Fire ; which full-grown Plants^
t\ic\: Stalks zad Wood, readily do. And
in unfermented Li^uors^ the Salts are fij
enveloped^ that they cannot unite to
form a Sprite and are fo jbeathed, by
particular Coats of the Materials of the
Vegetable^ that they can fcarce do any
harm (except when they exceedingly
abound) to animal Bodies, Hence it
comes to pafs, that a 'vegetable Vi'ict ^q'c
a few Weeks or Months, together with
drinking Water or unfermented Liquors
( fuch as Tea, Coffee^ Barley-Water^
Liquorice- Water, Teas made ol Oranges,
or other Seeds and Plants) will faftea
the Teeth when dropping out, from a.
Conjumption of the Gums by fcorbutick
Salts, cure any cutatteotts Foulnejfes or
Eruptions, and even any fpreading
Ulcer, if it is not Scrofulous, when no

* SceZowr^.Abridg. of Phil.TraoCv. j./.«i.

Medicine

and Long Life. 185

Mecficrne on the Face of the Earth will
touch ir. Hence the grand Maxim in
the Cure of all Ulcers is, by Diet to
bring them to the State of a Wound^
and then they will cure of them-
ietves. And, as I have elfewhere ob-
fcrved, there is fcarce a thtn^ confump-
trve^ h)flertck, or hypochondriack^ and
Weakly Conrtituiion in Enghnd^ which
hasnot for its Parent, a latentormaniteft
fcorhutick Cacbcx), excepting that which
arifes from a Scrofula, Fi'om the whole
we may gather, how much a proper
Regimen oi Diet, and due Exercife, with
the Other Helps and Remedies already
mentioned in this Tre«;//^, is able to do
in moft Britijb chromed Diftempers,

§. 4. Having had ^o often Occafion
to fpeak of weak and relaxed Nerves,
it will not be amifs to fu^gefi, fome of
the outward and moft fcnfible S/gns and
CharaHers^ whereby it may be raanifeft,
whether ofle'jy^//, or any p-snicuUrVcv-
fon he is concerned for, be of this Make
and Conftitution, before fome chronical
Diftemper, or other difmal Sjmptom has
made it plain ; in order to prevent rbefe
as far as pofllble. To whidr Purpofe
we muft oblci've, that the-AVr^'SJ arc
B b Bundles

i86 ^« Essay o/Health

Bundles of folid^ ff^^^SJ^ ^^^ elafikk
Threads or Filaments (like twifted Cat-
Guts or Hairs') whofe one Extremity is
terminated at the cvmmon Senforj in the
hrain^ where the Soul is fuppofed tp
refide ; the other is interwoven into
every Vo\i\t0^x\\t Scarf-skin^ l\{t Mem-
branes^ the Coats of the Veffelsj the
Mufcles and the oihtv fen fible Solids of the
Body, in order to convey the Motions^
Aii-i<mi, Vibrations^ or Impulfes of Out-
ward 0^>c7j to the 5e?i//. Thck Threads
or Filaments are highly elafiick or fpringj^
as we may fee from their hardned Sub-
ftances, fuch as Whalebone^ Ivorjfy Horny
and Cartileges ^x^hich are more eminently
fo^ than any other Bodies known. Some
Perlbns have their Fibres very quick,
readily vibratirfg^ highly fpringy and
elafiick^ fo as to tremble zn^ (hake violent-
ly, by the leaft Imptdft. Others hav«
more rigid ^ frm^ and fir etched Fibres^
which yield not but to ftrong Impref
fions^ and move flowly, but move for
a long Time. Lajilj, There are thofe
wholiave tveak^ loofe^ flender^ and relaxed
-Fibres^ which, though eafily moved,
and yielding to the weakeft Impulfe^
yet communicate only imperfect j languid
^aA faint Itnprefflom and Vibrations to

the

a?id'LotJG Life. 187

the Soaly and have all their other
Animal Funffio/js of the fame langnijl^iig
Nature. And 'tis of thefe Uft, I have
been all along fpeaking. And we may
readily difcover them, by thefe out-
ward Char'iifiers and Signs, i. Tliofc
who have naturally /o/f, thin^ fmiiH,
znd jhort Hair, areot kloofs fi>bbj, and
re/i7W State of Nerves. For the Hair
feems to be fome of the flefliy t'shresy
only lengthen'd outwardsand harden'd.
At leaft, like the f/^/^/, they confift
of a great many leffer Fthnisms con-'
tained in a common Mim^r^ne, arefoltd^')
tranfparent and elajlhk: And as thefe
Hairs are in Strength and Hulk, fo
generally the Fibres of the ]3ody are.
2. Thofe of the f'trefi Hair, a re o{ the
loofeji Fibres (other Things beingequal)
becaufe the Fuirejl a re more n^rc, poronf,
and fungous; And becaufe Bodies of
the lighter Colours, confift of [mfillcr
Parts, than thofe of the more flaming
Colours; as has been formvrly obfcrv-
cd. 3. Thofe of large, or (as they
are called) >»<ifiiff Miffdes^ and of big
Bonesy are generally of a firmer State of
Nerves, than thofi; oUitcle Mufdes and
Bonef: Becaufe the Mufcles and Bones
being fmilar to their Fil/res^ as is highly
B b 2 pro-

i88 An Essay o/HSitLXH

probable, and jthefe being hiyifir^ ai4
confequcntly ftronger, fo muft thofe
be : And, on the contrary, 4, $cft%
yielding^ fafpj FleCh, is a fure Sjmffom of
loofe fibres ; whereas hardy firm^ and Mfh
yielding Mufcles, are the conftant Sig»
of firm Fibres. 5. A rvhitej fair^blamh^d^
or £2/&^/r-coloured Complexion or Skin^
conilantly indicates a tveaker and more
relaxed State of Fibres^ than a fuddj^
frefli^ dark fallow^ or black Hu^y for
Reafons already given. 6, A h% c^f^
fulent and/^«^<j//riirConftitution, is al-
ways attended with loofe^ flMfy$ and r^-r
taxed Fibres, by their being diflblved
and averfoaked in Moifiure and Humidity.
And, on the contrary, thofe of a drjt
clearjy and jirm Make^ have firoefg^ frnff
and tenfe Fibres. 7. Thofe who are
fubjefi to Evacuations of any kind, ia
any Degree greater than what is na^
tural; aqd thofe who by ^ny Accidm^
have fufFered long by any pretern^mai
Evacuation whatfoe ver, are, or beconje of
loofe ^ related Fibres and Nerves. Thu*
thofe who frequently rynintoP«r^if;5g;,Qr
Floods of pale Water^ flow at the Moi|tb or
Nofe, or melt into profufe Sweats ; thofe
yho any Way have loft much Biood^
lliave baq ^ Piarrharay htive recovcired of

and Long Life. 189

a Fever^ and thofe of the5*rj; who have
purified longer or more than is ufual ; all
of ihefe are originally^ or become acci-
deKtaHy^ oiweak and relaxed Nerves and
Fibres. 8. L'7jlljj Thole who are of a
eold Co»ftitH!io«^ are apt to run into
C old ffeffes on their Exinmities^ or ready
to catch Coldy are alfo of weak and loofe
Fibres and Na'ves : becaufe thele are
Signs of a Jlow and intcrrupied Circulation
and Perfpiration ; which manifclh a
weak Sprwg in the ivird-j of the Coats of
the Veffeis^ the Fibres of the Mufcles^ and
a Weaknefs of the Spring of the Scales
of the Scarf fktff.

^ 5. On this Occafion of rehearfing
the Signs of weak Nerves, I cannot
omit apprifwg thofe of the breeding
Part of the -SVjc, and thofe who are
concerned in them,oftheirReadinefsof
Mijcarrytng^ unlefs duly tended and ma-
naged, dpecially thole of them of ;£»iier
and «eali NerveSf 0T0{ too dtlttale^Co/f-
fiiiutro/;. The Signs I have now laid
down, will always make ic evident, if
any particular Perfon is lb or not. And
if upon Examifintion they be found to
be fmh^ they will be ape, upon the
flighteft Occafion, to run into frequent
M.f.

ipo ^« Essay o/Health '

Ml/carriages ; wherebjzgreat Part of their
Fofierit) will be deftroyed, and they
thcmfelves cxpofed to Dropfies or Con-
fumpcioos^or (which is worfe than either)
perpetual Lownefi of Spirits, Vapours and
other Hjjierick Diforders. And by this
Misfortune alone, a confiderable Part
of the better Sort here in EngUnd, perith
and are loft. Nature has formed the
Generality of the Sex, o£a.Joft, Jlender^
and delicate Make. \Vant of due Exer-
cifcj a full Tahle^ indifcreet Narfes^ over-
fond Mothers^ and Hereditary Sharp-
neffes, make them much more fo. And
if by Negle^ or Accident^ they once begin
to mifcarrj^ every firft Mifcarriage paves
the Way for iifecoad, and a third, and
fo on, till the pear, prettf Creature^ has
neither Blood nor Spirits^ Appetite nor
Dige^ion left. For one Mifcarriage
wea kens theCo»/2;/«;;oa,breaks and tea rs
the /jer-voui Sjjhm more, than two raa-
ture Births. If ever this is to be fecured
or prevented effeftually, 'tis to be
done, at leaft attempted, in the frji
Inftanse, if poflible, at leaft as foon as
may be, betbre a total Relaxnion and
Dijfulution of the nervous Sjjlem is
brought on. The Giddinefs, Romping
and Gadding about of the young Crea-

and Long Life. 191

ture herfelf, is often the Caufe of her
Mifcarriage. But oftner the Fortvardnefs
and Indifcretion oiHurgeons and MidmveSj
by hleedwgon every h'ttle threatning
Sjmptomy without confidering the Con-
ft it ut ion. Bleeding may do well enough
in [anguine^ robuft, and^lethorickConni*
tutions : But ^tis Death and certain
Ruin to thofe of (lender and weak
Nerves^ and the fureft Waj to caufe the
Mifcarriage 'tis defigned to prevent,
by relaxing the Nervous Fibres ; which
Bleeding does as certainly, as it lefTens
the Quantity of the Blood. The raoft
efFefl:ual Method I have ever found to
prevent fuch Miffortunesy vSy To order
thofe in fuch CircumftanceS) to drink
plentifully Briftol Water^ with a very
little red Wine^ for their confiant Drink ;
to lay the Plaifier ad Herniam^ with Oil
ofCinnamony and London Laudanum^ in a
due Proportion, to their K^/W; to keep

them to a W, light ^ eafily digefled Diet^
efpecially of the farinaceous Vegetables^
and milk Meats \ CO ftrengthcn their
Bowels, with Diafcordium and toafied
Rhubarb J i£ thty hccomt too Jlipperj ; to
air them once or twice a Day, in a
Coach or Chair^ and to keep them cheer^^
ful, and ii]L good Humour j as much as

may

192 u^» Essay o/HfiALTH

may be. This Method will fcaree ever
fail, unlefs a latent S^rofula^ or fome
other Hefeiit(Xfj Sharfnejfes in their
Juices^ d'cftroy the Birfh.

^. 6. The Tender^ Sickly^ and thofc of
r9eak Nerves^ ought to have a Regard
in the Cortdu£{ of their Healthy to the
diflferem S^afvns of the Tear. I have
clfewhere ^ obfervedt, that ftich Con^
^itttptom begin 10 fink ^ droop ditid langmijhj
about Chrtjimas or Midwhter^ go on
from ir^r/er to worfe till the '^r/^^ k over,
get ttf a little, as the Sun grows higher
and (tronger^ arrive at their P^^^pm
Altitude of Health and Strength about
Midfummer^ and hold it out fo long as
the 5«;^ warms them, or the Strength
they have acquired lafts. Thofe who
have very weak Nerves^ fail fomer^
even about the Autumnal Equinox :
But they get up fooner^ becaufe their
weaker Nerves make lefs Refifiance.
The Sun nerp ferments^ rarijief^ and exalts
thtk vtfcid Juices : 9o that the Circtda^
tton is better performed, more fuJl^
free and univerfal. The Perfpirativn is
alfo thereby much tncreafed and pro*

* Effky on the Gout.

motei :

iHoted: And the Load being drawn off;
by the Force of the Suns Heat 5 their
Appetite is fharpen'd, and their 2)/-
geftion mended : To which the ferenei
warm and clear Aify and the greater
Liberty of Exercife and Bujinefs con-
tributes. I fhould advife fuch there-
fore, religioujly to follow the Indications
of ^Naturcy and to take thefe Benefits
it offers theriy as a certain Sign of their
being A?/? and fitteft for them. After
ChrtftmaSy and in the Beginning of the
Springy MHky EggSy and Spring-Herbs y as
Afpardgus\i Spinach^ znd Sprmts come in
\firfi: Of which! advife them, to make
the great eft Part of their ^iet then.
Asthc JiJ^r/^J^ advances, Lamlf zndFea/y
Green ^eafe and Sallading abound.
"After the vernal Equinox y Chicken and
Rabbity young TnrkieSy and early Fruit
come in Seafon. About Midfummerj
Mutton and Vartridgey Colliflower and
Artichoak may be had. And Autumn
brings in Beef and Venifony Turnip and
Carrot. And it will be found, tlie con-
codiive lowers of weak Perfons, and
ihok of relaxed Nerves^ rife znd fortify
gradually, as thcCc ftronger Foods come
itrSeafon.' By Seafony I mean nory
tiiofe earlier Days, that Luxury in the

Gc Buyers^

194- jiin Ess AY of He Ai^ru

Buyers, and Avariee in the Sellers aboutf
LandaUy have forced the feveral kinds
of Vegetables^ and Animals in. But by
Seafm I mean, that Titne of the Tear^
in which by Nature^ common Culture^
and the mere Operation of the Sun and
Climate, they arc in moft Plenty and
Verfe£tion in this Country. But the
principal y^/»/ I would »ir^^ is. That
j^>& Perfons, would regutariy begin to
correfpond with Nature, in both
lejfening the §luantity, and lowering the
Quality of their FW, as the Seafans
indicate, and Providence provides the
propel Food in greateft Plenty and
Perfcdion. By which they wUl pre-
ferve the Ballance of their Health
pretty near equal all the Year round,
have the lightejl and leaji Food, when
their concomve Towers are leaft, and
their nervous Fibres weakeji, and rife in
the Food, in proportion as thefe rife.
Add to thefe. That as Winter is beft
for Home Exercifes, Summer is fitteft for
ihofe without T^oors. And as the "Day
lengthens, their Labour and Exercifes
abroad ought to be lengthened out.
Neither Sydenham nor Fuller, have been
able to tell the Half of what obftinatc

EX€^'

and ho if G Life. 195

Exercife will do, in low, cachcftick
confumptive Cafes.

* — Lobar omnia vincit

Improbus. H o r a t.

5. 7. The Germans have a Proverb,
That wife Men ought to put on their
Winter Cloaths early in Autumn^ and
put them off late in the Spring. By
which they would infinuate, that
People ought always to go wellcloathed.
Whatever may be in this, as to Per-
(bns that drink hard, and require a
iplcntifnl^ ifcharge by the Skin,thoCc who
are fobery or who would render them-^
felves hardy^ ought to accuftom them-
felves to as few Cloaths, both in Sum-
mer and Winter^ as is pofliblc. Befides
the general Rule^ of having as few Ne^
cejfaries as may be ; much and heavy
Cloaths, attroB and draw too much by
Verfpiratiom zsDr. Keill provcSy in his
MedStatic.Britann. tender ^nd debilitate
the Habit, and weaken the Strength,
The Cuftom of wearing Plane I ^ Js al-
moft as bad as ^ diabetes. Nothing

* f. 4. Unwcary*d Exercife will overcome any
chrooiptl Diftemper.

Cc a can

196 AtEssAYof Heaj-th

jcan enfeeble and drairiy weak and tender
Perfons more. To make this clear,
we muft diftinguifh between ^erfpira-
tion and Sweatings which differ as
widely, as the daily natural Emptying
pur Bowels, and a Loofenefs oi'Diarrhaa.
And as no Body in their Senfes, much
lefs the Tender and Weakly,' would
endeavour to encourage this laft;
po more ought they that other of
Sweating. For as promoting Jlippery
Bowels, would always keep the Fibres
of the alimentary Paflfages relaxed-, fo
would perpetual Sweatings thofc of the
Skin. And as the Moijiure and ^amps
that Flanel perpetually keeps the Skin
in, and its growing fo readily dirty ^
fliews what a Flux of ^erjpiration i%
promotes there ; fo the perpetual Fri-
iiion produced by it, gives the Reafon.
If one lays on zfuperjiuous Loadoi Jlrong
Liquor Sy 'tis happy for him Nature dif^
charges the Ocean any how ; for he had
\;>tVi^ifweaty than burn in a Fever. But
for temper at Cy tender y zw^fickly Perfons.
the vciotcjirm and tight all the Organs of
their Evacuations be (if they be not
totally obJlru£ied) the better it will be
ibr them, the more it will Jirengthen
their Nerves^ and harden their Confiitu-

ttony

< ' •■/■'>

and ho NG Life. 197

fion. Nothhig but Superfluity in Food or
Jirong Liquors^ requires Sweating : And
that is the Reafon, the Germans run fo
much upon it. So far, that *
TfchirnhauSy a very learned and ingenious
Gentleman otherwifc, refolves the Cure
of almoft all ^ifiemfers into Sweatings
upon obferving its Succefs in their
Bottle-Fevers. They drink much thiri
pjarp fFiney which paffes every way;
and when it comes through the Skin^
both the Confli^ and the danger is
over. But for thofe Inhabitants of our
IJlandy who are fober becaufe they arc
tender y or would preferve their Healthy
the lighter znd fewer their Cloaths are,
both by Night and by ^ayy in Summer
and Winter y the hardier they will grow.
The more open the whole Body is to
the Airy provided it be benigny the more
jluidy and the more aSiivey will the
Animal Juices he 'y and, by confequence,
the more full and free will the ^erfpi-
ration be. For right tempered Airy is
beneficial and medicinal to the Animal
Juices : And a great Heap of CloathSy
only condenfes our own excrementitious

^ In hi^ Mcdicina Mentis & Corforiu

Atm^

i^S ^nEssAY of HEAtrn

AtmoJ^here about us, and ftops the
kindly Influence of this beneficial Ele-
ment. As to catching Coldy he that
lives foherfy J and avoids nitrous j that is,
moift otfrofty Air^ will cither not readily
catch Coldy or if he does, will foon get
rid of it. It is only Air thus conditianedy
that thickens and coagulates our Juices,,
and gives painful and dangerous Colds.
It is inward Heat only, which dcftroys
us. No fober Verfons ever fufFcred by
Coldy unl efs it were extreme y or that
they expofe themfelves obftinately to it,
againft Senfe and Reafon.

J. 8. Another Means of Healthy to thc^
Tender J Studious and Sedentary y is much
and often /having Head and jF^r^, and
wajhingy fcrapingy and paring their jRf^?
and Zi^^j". The great Benefit (befides
the Pleafure ) to the Heady EyeSy and
Ears J by oftcnfhaving the Headwind Facey
and wafbing them Daily in r^/^ fFater,
with a few 'Drops of the Compound Spirit
of Lavender y or Hungary Watery is beft
underftood by thofe that have felt it.
The Cutting off the //^ir, and /having
the //I?^^, will, in the firft Inftancci
fcarce fail to cure a Head-achy a Fluxiony
or f ven a nervous Weaknefs of the J^^x,

and LokgLifs. i^^

Any one Evacuation^ will not only Icficn
the whole Mafs 5 but, if encouraged, will
make that Evacuation more ample and
full. The more and oftner the Hair is
fbaved, the fajier and thicker it will^r^w^
So that thus /having the Head and Face
frequently, will be like an ij^, or per-
petual Blijier on thefe Tarts. Befides
the fVajhing with warm Water and Soap^
and fcr aping the Skin with a Razor ^ will
cleanfe the Mouths of the "Perspiratory
^ucisyixom that Morphew and ocurf thzt
adheres to them, and will extremely
encourage the Terfpiration from thefc
Parts, and give a full and free ^^/^
to the Fumes on the Head and Brain.
And wajhing well, and dipping in r^/is/
PFater afterwards, will Ihut the Scales
of the Scurf-skin, and fecure againft
catching Cold in the //i?/^<^ which is fre-
quently a heavy Grievance, to tender^
fiudious and fedentary Perfons. There-
fore 1 fhould advife fuchy to yj^o;^ both
^^^^/ and Face every i>ayy or every
other Day, or as often as they poffibly
can, and wafh them well in cold Water
afterwards. What /having does to the
upper Tarts, the fame do wajhing and
fcr aping the Feet, zud paring thcit Mails
to the lo'Ji;er. We know oy the Tick-

^ li/fmefs

2od At Esi At of HKAttU

lifbnefs of the Soks, what a multitucfd
of fine nervous Fibres terminate in them.
Walkings Standing zn^Treadingy rendei^
them cdUms^ and the Skin thick and
bard\ which much injures the ^erfpin^.
tioHy and hinders the derivation oi the
Blood and Spirits into them. And 'tis i
common Oofervation^ That nothing is a
furcr Sign of ftrong and rank Healthy -
than a kindly Hedty and a profufe Terjpi^^
ration on the Feet. It ftiews a fuU and^
free Circulation in the fmall Veffelsy at»*
th6 grcatcft Diftance from the Source of
Heat and Motion y than which nothing can
ttiore ^\2Xn\y indicate great and good
Health. On the contrary, weak and ten- ^
der Pcrfons, are always cold in the Legs
and Feet, and firft of all feel Cold there
in frojly Weather. Let the Tender there-
fore, and the fVeakfyy duly once a Week,
wafh in warm Watery ruby fcrapCy and
pare their Feet and Nails. Which will
likcwife prevent CornSy HardneJjfeSy and
the unnatural Tendency of their Nails
into the Flefli. Thefe are, 'tis true, but
low and fcemingly trifling Obfervations
towards Healthy but 'tis in this Cafe, as
'tis a more momentous one 5 He that de^
Jpifeth little Things, fballperifh by little
and little.

§. 9^ Thofe

(wiLpNG Life. aoj

§. p. Thofe tender and 'valetudinary
feople, whofc Studies or 'Profeffion
oblige tUem to read or write much,
ought, as far as they poflibly can, to
fiaTid in an cre£t 'Pofture, bending their
Head and Breaft as little as may be,
leaning only on Ajioping 'Desk, and con-
tinuing their Exercifes in that 'P&fturey
'till they grow WMry ; then reft, and
be at it again. Cujiom ^.n^TraBice, ob-
ftinately pcrfiftcd in, will at length ren-
der the 'Pofiure caly to them. And 'tis
inconceivable, how many and great Ad-
vantages it will bring to the Conftitu-'
tion. Sitting, Bending, and Leaning low,
comprefs feme, it not many of the l^ejfels
of the Body; and fo flop and retard the
Circulation of the Blood and Juices thro'
them } which makes a more ready Flux
through the other more patent and per-
•vious ones. Whence that Sleepinefs
and T>tfability to Motion in the Limbs^
till the Blood and Spirits^ by a pro-
per Pofture, get a free Admittance into
them. From this alfo, chere enliics aji
unequable and ftibfultory Circulation of
the Juicesy and an unequable Secretion
in the Glands i and confcqucntly, an
unequal Cr<m)th, Strength, and Vigour,
D d of

'^^

r floi ^« Essay of HeaIT

pof the Organs and 'Parts, Which is the
piCaufc of Rickets in Children -, cateleli
"Jurrcs, ncgicftlRg to rock, dandle and
tofs them fufficiently, that the Circuiti-
hiien of the Juices and Spirits may be
Wequally promoted every where. And
►w avoid this Inconveniency , feems to be
Mxhc Reafons why the Romans and the
f£,afiern Nations, lay along, at fheit
t|5Teat Meals and Feajis, and when they

■ were obliged to continue long in one
' 'Pofiure. Befidcs, that in fVriting or

■Reading, if one fits, there is a conftant

y^rejfure on rhe Cavity of the Breaft and

^Stomach, which muft necefTarily weaken

^ythzi^ Functions i and thefe are common-

<ly the Organs, which firft decay in Clerks

j-and Under-Secretaries. And hanging

m down the Head is the ready Way to raife

\yFumes znA Vapours to it: Whereby fuch

: will be cxpofedtOjLfl^»^of^/W/J,and

( perhaps Canfnmptions •■, all "which arc, in

la great meafure, avoided by an ercft

. ^ofiure : For thereby all the Organ!

■will be in their natural Situation. Many

f of the Mufcles will be in Action, and fff

i prcfs on the Blood VeJJels, to facilitate

■ the Circulation. But chiefly, by this
crcft Tojlure, the Juices will have the
Advantage of their own Gravity, to

defceni

Bt/LONG LjFE. 103

defcend with the greater Velocity^ to
warm and eheri^ the lower 'Parts, which
arerenioteft from the Source oi Motions
and the grolTcr Evacuations \/ill be more
rcidily promoted, and thereby prefervethc
upper Regions clear ^ndferene: Which
will bring great Advantages towards
Health and Long Life. But this Tra-
£tice will never become ealy, unlcft to
thofe who begin young. Thole who
dilate or corifult, ought to do them
fianding or walking ; which would re--
lievc both Body and Mind.

§. 10. The Unwieldy, Fat, znd Over-
grown, befides the Rules already laid
down, I advife, in partrcular, as much
as is poflible for them, to ahjlain from
fDrink of all kinds. No one Rule or
Condition, ever was contrived, or can
be, of fa great Ufe, to freferve and
lengthen the Lives of fuch, as an obftinate
and univerfal Abftinence from alt kinds
of Liquors. If the TJioHrine be true (as 'tis
highly probable) that the Mafs of all the
Bodies of Vegetables and Animals, is
only 'Pipes and vafcular Tubes, formed
4II at once, in their firft Rudiments and
ly^fi/i i then Growth and Increafe of Bulk,
is oaly filing md plumping up, dilating
D d :; anU

ao4 An EssAT tf Heaith

iftd unfolding thcfc Tipes with Liquors
Wc know from Kirchefs and Dr.
Woodwards Experiments^ to \i\i^ Bulk
Vegetables will thrive, by mere Element
alone. Two 5P/^x of the fame Litter^
were fed upon an equal Quantity ^iMilk^
only, to one of them, the Milk '^ds
mixt with the fame Quantity of fFaPfr,
After a Month's feeding, they were
both killed, and that which had the
Watery was found much /!si;^rai\d^//tt
than the othen T^ropfies (at leaft Ana-
/area's) have been cured by an obftinatc
Forbearance pf ^rink. And Lethargies
proceed from the Moifivre of the Brdin^
And thefe arp the two Difiempers, Uth
wieldyy Faty znd Overgrown P^tfons are
moft fub;ea to. Therefore, fuch ought
to avoid ^rinky as thofe do, tn^ho havt
the * Hydrophobiay or are bit by a mad
^og. Which they may cafily bring abocrt,
if they feed only on young animalj and
inpiji and cool vegetable Food. But when-
ever I fpeak of vegetable Foody I mean
that which is dreflfed by Fire.

*/. e. -Drftfi/ofWater; a Difeafe 9;^ called, pro-
ceeding from the Bite of a mad Dog^ .

' : ^. II. To

^'ff

'WLoNG Li F E. 305

'Jf. IT. To the Agedt and thofe who
arc pafling off the Stage oi Life, 1 have
only two Things to recommend, if they
would make the laji Hour, as eafy, in-
dolent and free from Vain as may be.
Theji>y?is, That they would avoid the
Injuries of the fVeather, as much as ever
they can. The Blood of the j^ged is
ever moft certainly poor and vifcid.
Their 'Perjpiration little or none at all j
and ihciv conco&ive Powers •u.'eak. And
confequcntly, they muft he fuifjc^ed tO,
and fufFer by the weakeft/H/«r/f/ of the
IVeatber. Therefore I advife fuch, to
keep Home, provide -jDarm Rooms and
BedSj and good Fires, whenever the
Sky lowrs, fVinds blow, or the Air is
fharp. Such are not to exped to raife^
improve, and exalt their Confiitutions or
Healih. Freedom from ^Fatn, to prevent
the vital Flame's beina; cxtinguifhed by
Accidents, and to have it burn as clear,
and as long as Nature, at their Age, has
dcfigned it (hould, is all they ought to
aim at. Exercife is only to purge otF
Superfluities. If thefe therefore, be care-
ful not to exceed, they will want none,
nor would it much contribuie to theic
Bafe. For in old Men the Bones petrify i
the

aoB Am Essay ^Health

the Cartilages and Tendons turn into
Bones \ zxi^^zMufcUs^SiA Nerves \viXjb
Cartilages and Tendons. And all th(^
Solids lofc their Elafticity^ and turq, in
a great meafure, into thap Ei^rth they
ate going to be i^JJolved into. So that
the Solids waating Bl^llicitf^. Epfercife
can do but little to fbake off th? Zi^i^
It will therefore be enough for fufh^ tc^
air themfelves when the Sifn lights
them, and the SummfiT Bree;2i^s ca^ r^
freP) them. Or, tf they , would ki^r
then out their ^aj/s^ to remove to .a
warmer Climate y by which they may
live a^ long as the CroWi The ficmd
Thing I would advife fuchy }?^ To lef-
Xen their ^iet gradijally, a^ they grow
older y before Nature has forced this jDi-
minutian upon them. This is a powerful
Mean to make their old Age green
and indolenty and to preferve t^e Re-
mains of their Senfes to the yery laft.
By this alone, , 0!r»/?r(7 lengthened out
his T>aySy and prefer ve^ his ,$etffeSy in
a great meafure, intire to a hundred,
Tears. He gradually leflened his ^ief
io far, that, as his Hijiorian informs
us, he came at laft to live on the Talk
qf art Egg three, Days. I will apt take
upon me to advife others, in what Mea^

Jkrey

ftwHLdNd Liif E.

fare, cither of Time or Quantity of
FW, they ought to diminip}. But this,
I think, they ought to confider. That
fince 'tis certain aged 'Perfons become
Children, as to the Weaknefs of their
'DigeJiionSj they ought to diminish, as
Children increafe in their Food, from
•weaker to "jJeaker, and from lefs to
lefs. For as their Solids are unelaftick,
their conc0£iive T<r^ers weak, their 'Per-
fpiratian little, and the Expences of
Living fcarcc any, their Repairs (not to
overlay the Spark of Z/z/i* remaining)
ought to lelVcn proportionally. And 'tis
to the Ncgled of this, in aged Terfons,
that rhofe Rheums^ Catarrhs, Wind and
Coltcks, Lofs of Memory and Senfes, thofc
jicheszriA^ains, and all that «^/^d/tfW(/
^/tffi Tra/M tf/" Miferies, that wait on
Z<cw^ /-(^j is moftly owing. Which,
by a difcrcetand timeous lelTening their
't>iet, might, in a great mcafurc, be
prevented.

'"■^.Ti. Thei'c is do Miftake more fatal
' ■ the Cure of chronical Diflempers,
^ncidcnf to the Weak and Tender, than
tie ^'i^/n a«(/ »»/«/? Expcftation they cn-
fertain of a fudden arrd quick Cure, or
Sjvcn of a fcnfibic Relief. This, with
theii

ao8 Jn Es^AY of Hi. A1.T; a

their loconftancy, and XmpatieiQce of
hcii^g confincci 'm tHcir AppQtites,. makes
thorn cither thjroW; off all ,Reinedie3
ao4 JBLeftraints In DeXjpai^, an4^ive them-
iielvQS up to an hfibitual Indulgence iit
all thofe Things tha,t brou^ on ^t
cxaiperated the Diftempcr, or run about
changing, from I)odpr to DoAoti ^till
they ,end with a J^hfOtcky ox die unjdcr
the hands of a Mountebanks^ aiad are
faoPd out of their Lives and Money 9Sl
once* It is furpruing that reafonable
Men can imagine, that in any Jmall
Time, any. poilible Methods or Medicines
(hould cure, or even renHbly relieve a
Difteniper, that perhaps was brought with
them into the World, and interwjyjjfn
with the Principles .of their Qeing, or, at
Jeaft, may have been TV^^or Twenty
Tears a breeding, by Excejfes^oi vi Jn-
difcj^eet Regimen. I know no fitter Si-
militude of the Caiib, than the annual
Income of an Eftate juft fulficient to
keep one in decent Ncccflaries, and
due Plenty and Cleannefs. If one ithat
has fuch an Eftate, r^m out every Year,
for Ten or Twenty Years, and then
fet about to retrieve, before he be come
to Starving or a Gaol^ would we not
cpiuit him mad^ if he flK)uld inoa^

gin€

^ine, by Retrenching, Management or
Saying, even joining tp thofe T^ayAabourj,
?hat a f^ Moqtlu or Ycar$ would
recpycr all, an4 bring his Eftate to it^
firft Condition. J>Ip! Ik mu(l labour ^^
skfiain and mAWgf fpr Jeveral Years }
and the Time required^ >viU he always
in a ProjpQjrtion compoMnded pf the;
i?^^ of his former ^xfev.c^Sj and hii
prpfent Sofvtvg. Tli^t is, If his Ex-
peaces were hut fmnlh ?/>d his Saving?
gr^Oity the Time will be the fjiorfcr, in
jrefpeft of the Time he continued hi5
overfpending. If he g^vcs over ,SAViP!g^
fee rouft at Uft piofl: CA^^t^inly ^ary^
^pr go to Gaol 5 and if he hcgins f/gt f^vf
in 4ue Time, he will c/jrt^iijly r(tw^4
alls but the whp^i: conJlJiAs |n /^^i^iii^
und Saving for a ^^ T/>»^. Excejffs a nd
an «i^/w ffiegimn^ is running ouf pf one'^
Health i , which > withoijt j* pr-ppet
Rfmedy, ^ L4&0itmv^i :4bjimence, wii^
iicceflTariiy bring a Man to ^ifeafis pf
^eatjh. And thefe mui): be continued ^
Timepfportimed to th? CreatflcG qif the
Exjcijfes:, with regard to the: Lakour and
Akfikaence. Hs^ chronical Diftempers
have ..for their JBMeac^, corrupte^i
f Uiidiy and hcofcen 3qU<^i as \^^ he<^9
^ew|L A Jp«^ Scale . «f , jhc SfP^fm}>
J £ e and

aio y^M Essay 5/ Health"

I a\\<\ aliment ary Organs, cither beget thefe
I or accompany tlicm. Suppofc, foe Ex-
) ample, the Cafe be a fcorbutick Habit,
k ihcwing it felf with Blotches and a isDatry
y \Ichor,oi Bump s,\j'nY\yellou! ox black S^OK
1 ,0:1 tiic Skin, a thick, vifcid, rheumatick
\ 31ood, an obftrudcd Liver, and a con-
I itant overflowing of the Gall, Opprcf-
L vfion of Spirits, want of appetite and 2);-
m^Jfion, and thereby a JFaJting, LaJJttude.
\iinquietudet &c. which 1 have often met
liwith in your Ben Vivants, and your
L^Iree - Livers, who have been born
fciiiealthy, vigorous and lively; I know
(41110 way in Nature to relieve and cf-
.rfcfttiaily cure this Cafe, but by often-
j'lKpeated, gentle Vomits and Stomach
Vi^urges, as the Choler (which certainly
J .degenerates into Flegm, before the
f '.Cure be brought about j for Flegm
but Choler more diluted , or the
jgtofl'er Partof the 5'fra»/ only, as Choler
pis that of the whole arterial Fluid; and
fiVihcTi Choler h come to Flegm, the Cure
|. Is half carried on, one Part of the Fluids
li'bcing already purified, and the Liver
|i free and open } As the Choler, I fay,)
>'and the Flegm rifes and loads the ali-

■ mentary Pallagcs ; Bitters, Aromaticks

■ and Steel varied and prcfcribed, ac-

cording

and L o N G I. J F E. 2 11

cording to the Strength of the Patient,
and one kind as another has lofl its
Virtue; Chalybeat and Miner at \Jsx.zi%,
conftaiit Labour and Exercifci a cool,
iight, /pare 'Diet, and confiant proper
Regimen, long and obftinately pcrfirted
in. The Patient will often complain.
What ! Promts and Bitters, Galloping and
Fajiing for ever I Vomits only relieve for
a few Days, but do not cttre : We grow
as bad as ever again , and in fome
Months Pcrfcvcrance , find ourfclves
juft where we began. New Doftors
muft be had, and they muft cither be
ca(hicr'd if they purfue the fame Inten-
tions (which, if they be honeft Men,
they muft do) or clfe muft write Things
that can neither do Good nor Harm, or
thofe which will aftually hurt , for
their Fees (for there is no Medium)
till the miferable Perfon has run thro*
the whole Faculty, and at laft got Into
the Charlatan Tribe. It is certain, that
when Nature has begun to throw the
grofs and vifcid Parts of the Juices on
thofe loofe and fpungy Glands, it will
continue fo to do, till it has dcflcgmatcd
the whole Mafs: and every new Vomit
will make Room for another ,■ and
Dther Remedy as long as
E c 2 there

ill ^ ESJAY*/ HeaIth

there is any viurid Humour temaihiiig,
nor can the Decline oF the EK(Hfe be
difcovcred fo certainly by any Thitig,
las by the Lcflfening of the Quantity ex-
Ccrned, and the Lengthening of the In-
tervals : As in a Veflcl of Oil and
Water incorJ)orated, a ftire W^y to fc-
|)aratc the Oil From the Wat^r is, to
Skim it off as it comes to the Tt))^, - Nbw
as bng as there is any Oil rentiinlng i^
will fwim, if you but give it Timi tt> cJc-
tricate itfelf from the Embraces of tht
fTaterj and then yicm ntey fepatate the vlf-
tid Mixture intirely • No great Purpfeft
in Life wias ever brought aboiiti but by
Time ^nd T^fenct, and by c6h(fently
mrfhmg the moft natural and bctt ^p-
iroved Means that lead towatds ftiat
nd. .Nature >^orks not by ftAdeh
Jumps and Starts, but goes oft fteailily,
jbrterheTft & dtmeirh^nt^ and Yfe Niiture
that is the true Pliyfician : Art onTy re-
movers Obftaches, checlts Violtncc^, and
jgently follicttcs Nature the Wa[y fee
tends. This tiquires Tme and ^ifii-
jmce. TempusedaK Rerum. krtioftiitr-
tainly conlumes chronical DiFeafts, if
not fuelled ^nd fed i J^atbingeffeczi^.

[

and ho a G hi YK. 115

I J, In fine, Providence has been
kind and gracious to us beyond ail Ex-
prcflion, ill futnilTiing us witli a ccttain
Relief, if not a Remedy, even to our
moft intenfi 'Pains znA extreme Mi feries.
When cue Patience cnn hold out no
longer, and our Pains are at laft come lo
be infupf or table, wc have always ready
at Hand a Medicine, which is not only
a prclent Relief, but, I may fay, a
flandins; And catiftatiS Miracle. Thofe
only who have wanted it moft, and
have felt its friendly and khid Help in
their Tortures, can bed tell mxvotuierjul
EffeBs, and the great Goodnefs of Him
who has beftowed it on us. I mean
Opjmn, and its Sotation Laudanum^
which, when properly prefcribed, and
prudently managed, is a moft certain
and fiidden Relief in all exquijite and
" -iHteKfe Pain. The Manner of its Ope-

'lon may be gathered, from the Ob-
rvations I have made in the preceding
■Tteaiife. Pain conftrids, crifps i^,
•^holtens and contrafts animal Fibres.

afts like a Wedge in tearing, rending
i*nd dividing rhefe fmatl h'ilamcntsj it

tes to them in a living Body, what

LC Fi^nts of* Salts do to all animal Sivb-
ftancc5>

^^Htef

^mnattc

4
I

014- An Ess \Y of Health^

fiances, which arc to be prefcrvcd for
Food, viz. hardens, ftiffcns and con-
tratls them. The Fibres of live Ani-
mals being con t radii e, tonick and
l^ringy, when a hard pointed Body
enters them (which is the Cafe in aU
bodily Pain) the Parts by their „coni
tradile Nature, fly from, recede, and
ftmi, as much as poflibly they can,
the wounding Inltrumcnt. This apr
pears in the large Gafh of a Wound,
made acrols the Fibres of a Mufcle j
in the continual Bending towards
the other Side, when any Part of
one is pai/icd; in the Cramps and Cort-
•vuljions, nay, and fometimes Fevers,
produced by intenfe acute 'Pain. Plca-
furc, on the contrary, r^/d;ir^x the Fibres
by a gentle, foft, and bland, or (as the
Mathematicians fpeak; a commenfiuat|p
and harmonious Touch. It a^s on ttu
Fibres as two unilbn and concordant mu-
/Ical Inftrumentsaii on one another, and
by ftroaking, foftening and fmpothing,
comes at laft intirely to relax and un-
bend them. The Parts of the Fibres
run after, follow and purfue, and at
laft break their Union in fomc Degree,
to reach fuch a demulcent Touch.
Some Perfons have had the Faculty to
alJay

a«/ Long Life. 015

aHay Pain, by gently fmoothing f>i<s
afflidcd Part with their Hands; which
in fome Meafurc was true of the
Touching ^o£for. Soft Oils, and emoU
licnt Herbs, with gentle Warmth, by
relaxing the crifped Fibres, will allay
Tain. Soft ^ Beds and Cloaths, and
tepid Baths will relax and weaken the
whole Habit. Now fincc Pain (o cm
tainly crifps up, conftrids and contra&s
animal Fibres, and itncc Opiates inj^
fallibly, if duly dofed, relieve and Mfi
Pain, I can fee no poflibk- Way it caa
cffed that, but by relaxing and meh
bending thefe Fibres as m^cb, of' neat
as much, as Pain contrafis andv'^ws
tliem up. And that this is the rc4
Fa£t, wc may obfervc from many
EfFe^s of Opiates, i. Nothing is ib
powerful, or fo certain a ^iaphareticku
an Opiate. Nothing caufes fuch plenti-
ful Sweating, efpecially if joined with
Valatiles^ and promoted with plentiful
drinking fmall, warm Liquors. This
it can do only by relaxing the Fibres of
the Skin and Perfpiratory Glands*
2. Nothing fo mach palls the Appetite^
and weakens the firft ^igejiims^ as the
frequent Ufe of 0//^/^j i iofomuch^ tbat
moft People^ a^ter a liberal Doft^of

theni^

af6 ^» Essays/ Health

them, feldom fail to xe^ch, and ntver
care for Food for a coniidcrable Time
after, till their Effcds are wrought off;
which are the conftant Symptom^ oi x
rflaxed Sumach and Guts. 3. Kothing
fo much promotes the Erupti§n of the
Small-Pox and Meafles, the Expmlfum
ef the Stone and Foetus, the Monthly,
and the Aftcr-Sirth ^Mrifications ai the
Sex, as 0piat4S s in(bmuch, tl^t in dif-
£k:ult Births, they are now the only
Refource of the Midwife Phyficians)
and, when joined wkh . VhlatileSy will
bring on the moft powerful and vigerj9U$
Throws, in tbe moft weak aoii Ian*
guijbing Conftitutions. Thef^ JEffeds
they can produce only by telaxipg thoSk
Fibres Pain has C4mtra5ted zndi rendered
unclaftick in fome meafure. 4. Kor
thing quiets and AopsCramfs, Commlr
fans^tid Hyfterick Fits, ib fuddewly. and
certainly as Opiates do. And eveiy one
knows ith^e ari(e £ropi violj^m Con^
tradions, and crifping u^ of the raoiC*
cular Fibres. AH thefe, xvui Gxzvvf
more fuch Effeds, Opiates produce, bj
unbending^ loofeningy and rel^Ktng riiofis
Fibres violent , and acute Pain had con-
ftfided and contraBedy aiut by giving a
R'ciptte and Reprievc^r^n^^lf T^ruures^

and

^ wtd LongLife. 217

and thereby aliowing Nature (the
only true PJiyfician) to go undifturbed
about its own Work. The Way it
flops Purging, and cures a 'Diarrhaa, I
take to be by carrying off the fharp
and watry Humours in the Bowels by
^erjpiration, which Opium exceedingly
promotes; by quieting thofe Spafms and
Convulfions, and allaying tholc Stimula-
tions excited by Purging ; and icttling
and calming the Violence of the 'Peri'
ftaltick Motion of the Guts, which
hurries off their Contents. 1 will not
take upon me here, to determine the
proper Cafes for Opiates^ or their 'DofeSi
That is the Bufinefs of the Phydcian.
But in general I may fay. Wherever
Pain is acute, intolerable and paft endu-
ring;, where it may indangcr Convuljions^
a Fever or Infiarnmatioft ; after premiiing
the proper univerfal Evacuations (fuch
as Bleeding , Blifteting , Cupping,,
Purging or Glifteting, as the Cafe re-
quires, or will bear) Opiates then will
moft certainly relieve, and may be
fafcly adminiftrcd.. If the Cafe is at-
tended ynith yorniting, folid Opium will
do befti becaufc it will be in a fmallcr
Volume, and will not be fo readily re-
jeded. If Tpccdy Relief be required
F f where

ti% ^EssATjf Health

is BO Vomitii^, thea

li dc^iczic iboacft dirougb

firiin, becBik UfmH and joined

t a ifnnraoM Vcatidc will Jbrnefl

I>c%i^ ODk tke <^rdicd

closer and

In rfgmw Caics a viooos

l«uiac wiSt be faftrimf, bccaofc

bckJmohcdtkWwc, tomake

I^cic are fom Csfes^ in

BMBcntly
CUaiki liy^SUmy the

and Monthly

<rf ^ Sc^ dpe-

viokuPain, as

; and in the

In thcfafiy it

en with foflie

Ssbaisy or

^kwm, with JJFm^of

ihoicof more tender

idRknUrki cfpe-

ii in the lower

Vomiting}

Vomit is to

forbid il

ID be given

or in (bme

ttePaits. In

oqgjbr always to

I rtW Lo i< G L I FE, 21 J

be given with proper Volatiles, Anti-
hyftericks and Attenuants. In violent
and acute Pain, the firft Dofe ought to
beiarge, at leaft from ^^/rr^ xo forty -five
Dops of liquid Laudanum, or its Equi-
valent in Opium, from fa-s Grains and a
half, to three and a half; and after-
wards to be incrcafcd by fifteen Drops
of Liquid, or half a Grain of folid
Laudanum every half Hour, till the Paia
begin to remit ; and then an intire flop
is to be put to its Adminiftration.
And thus the End will be obtained
without any Fear of over-dofing. And the
Truth is, there is lefs Hazard of that,
than Pcrfons are aware. For thofc
who die of an Over-dofe of Laudanum
in the Opinion of the IVorld, would have
lived few Days without it. For there
are thofe that by Cuftom, have brought .
thcmfelves to tijijo "Drams of folid, that
is, neatyiAT Ounces of liquid Laudanum
a Day. And I know a Gentleman
who took near three Ounces at once,
inftcad of Elixir Salutis , and had
never taken any in his Life i^efore j who
( though it extrcamly weakened his
Stomach for fome Time, and that he
dofed almoft a Month under it) yet
did we/l, and, for ought I know, is alive

F f 2 mil.

aio j^EssAY of Heaj-th

ftill, though it be many Years fince.
If the preceding Dofe be rejeftc4 by
Vomiting, about ^ Third Part may be
fuppofcd to ftayj and then the fubfc-
qucnt Dofes may be proportioned ac-
cordingly. The Difference of Confti-
tutions willmake no great Alteration
here, ftnce very weak Perfons feldom
iuffcr very violent Pain, which is the
bnly Cafe I am here conitdering. *

J. 14. To draw towards a Con-'
*<;lu(ion. The Grand Secret and Sole
Mean qf Long Life, is to keep the
Blood and Juices in a due State of^
Thinncfs and JFhtdityy whereby they
Hiay be able to make thofe Rounds and
Circulations through the animal Fibres,
v^hcrein Life and Health confifl, with
the fewefl Rubs and leafl Reftflance
that may be. In fpite of all we can
do, Time and Age wUI^a; ^ndtfiiffen our
Solids. Our original Frame and Make
renders this unavoidable and neccffary.
As in the greater World, the * Quan-
tity of the Fluids is Daily Icffening and
decreafingi fo in our kfer World aftei

* " ' ^ ' — * >■■■»■! I . .,. I I mi-

■ - • • ' 4 .

J 5eoSir (foot Afcwi^'i Prindp. • • -^

^ * ^ ^ Uniitcd

• • • w

I'.

P flMc/Lo NG Li F E. 331

a limited Time, the Appetite and
Concodlions failing, the Fluids arc
lefl'encd and fpent on the continual Re-
pairs of the Solids, and thereby lo(e
their Nature, and become firm and
hard. For by infinuating themfclvcs
into all the Pores of the Solids-, and the
Inrcrftices of their Parts, and ftraitening
and damming up the fmall Veifels,
which carry in Nourifhment to the in-
ternal Subftance of the Solids, and fo
depriving them of their Moifiure and
Lubricating Juices, thefe Solids coinc
at laft to harden, ftiffen and fix, and
thereby lofe their Elajlicity and Springi-
nefs. Here the Proccft is Mechanical
and Necejfary. Age and Time, by
wcakning the Concoftions, impairing
the natural Heat, which confifts in a
brisk and extended Circulation of the
Juices, by tlic turning thofe Juices into
folid Subttanccs, and thereby fixing and
hardning thefe Solids, and depriving
them of their due Elafticity, the Fluids
circulate with lefs Velocity and Force,
and fcldom reach the Extremities and
fmalleji Veffels, but pafs through the
more patent and larger Veffels, by their
iiggeji lateral Branches, And if uich
all thefe unavoidable and iriemcdiabic
Circum-

ail ^H EjsAY 2^/ Health

CircumfttinceSy both the nutritious and
icrous Part of the Bloody and the glo*
bular, become vifcid^ thick and gk^y%
the Circulation muft ftop at laft, and
tome to an End^ Now 'tis ctrtainljr
in a great mcafiutJ irt our Pbwet to
maintain the Jukes in a due State of
Fluidity and ThinnefSj and to render
them fuch, if they are not corrupted to
an extreme Degree, fo that the re-
maining Part of Life be not too ftiort
for fuch a tedious Work. We certain-
ly may dilute and thin any FiiUdy that
his an Inlet and: Outlet* And the
more fluid a circulating , Liquor is,
^at is, the fmalkr and finer its Parts
are, xhttefs Force it will require td fet it
a going, and to continue its Motion,
And in animal Bodies the thinner and
moit fluid the Juices afe, they will riot
only circulate by the lefs Force ^ ahd
with lefs Refiftance ( i. e. Tain ) but alfd^
they will preferve by their Circulation,
the Solids the lonjger froiti ftiffening and
hardenirig. There is n6t a more mif-
chicvous, hot greatir Miftake than
the common one, that thin Blood \%po^
Blood, which the Vulgar and Herd
rf Mankind are as terribly affrighted
for, as outward Poverty and Want.

For,

aKf/ Lo NG L I F E. 223

on the contrary, the thinnefi and
»oft piid Blood is the richeft, that is,
tie ^eft Blood (if rub and good mean
he fame Thing). For in ttyJropiady
4nafarceus, Cacheifick, and Scorhitkk
fcPerlons, both the ftrous and globular
hPart ot" the Blood is thick,gk-J!jy and acri-
Juwnious, fo that it can neither get thro'
Ltbcfmal/Fefe/s, nor can it bclongcon-
Bincd in them, but corrodes and frets
l^lhcm, aiul fo falls (at leall the thinncfli
Mart of it) into the Cavities, and begets a
m^repj) j or flops in and obftruds thefe
inall Veflels, and fo becomes an ^m*.
Qirca or Scurvy. In all which Gates,
i the ferous Part is overloaded with
urinous Salts, and becomes a perfctt
Lixivium ; ib that by i ts CroJJhefs it can-
not run into Globules, to facilitate the
Circulation through the Capillaries (for
thefe fmall clartick Globules, by turning
Gval or Oblong, wonderfully facilitate
the Circulation of the Juices through
the fmall Palfagcs) and the red or glo-
bular Part becomes a mere Cake of
Glue ? and thus the Quantity of Serum
t. Is incrcafcd, and the C^antity of the
I globular Part gradually leflencd. And
W.in.thisS^n(c (of a greater proportion of
Serum) this Stat« of the Blood may be
called

234- ^KssAY ^Health

called thin } but it can in no Scnfe be
called good Blood. The thinneft and
moft fluid Blood» is ever to be look'd
upon as the hejl Blood, as confirting of
Jmejl and fmallefl Parrs, which moft rea-
dily runs into red Globules, and mod
cafily circulates thro* the capUUry VeflTels,
which is the moft folid Foundation of
good Health and Long Life. Now as
nothing but indulging in ftrong high
Foods, which the concoftivc Powers
cannot break and divide into Parts
fmall enough to run into red Globules,
or circulate through the fmall Vefl'els,
but overftock them with urinous Salts,
which run into Clujiers, and firft oh'
JiruSfy and afterwards break thefe fmall
Vefl'els, and in wallowing in ilrong
Liquors, which parboil and eat out the
tender and delicate fibres of the Solids j
I fay, as nothing but fuch an Indul-
gence, and fuch Exceffes, long con-
tinued and obftinately perfifted in, can
beget fuch a State of the Fluids and
Solids, and fo bring on a C<w^f*)', which
may end in a ^ropjy, or fome other
fatal chronical Diftcmper, according to
the Habits and particular Make and
Conftitution of the Party (for no Perfoa
that lived low and meagre, and drank
only

ondhomQ LllfJfi; i25

Oilly fpiall and thin Liquors, ever be-^
came Hydropical, if his Solids werd
originally firm, and his Fluids not
tainted with fomc hereditary Sharpnefs)
£o I know nothing undet the Sun, that
C4n fplidly and fully effe^uate the con*
trary State of the Blood and Jukes ^ to
render them tbin^ fwcet, and in a con-
ftant flowing Condition, but taking thai
contrary Meafu^es, and keeping to a
ftrift Regimen X)f a thin^ fluids (pare and
lean Diet. We have no poffible Way
to attenuate, clean and dilute a Vejfet
full of grofsj glewy^ and fbul Mixtures^
that has only a fmall Inlet and Outlet,
but by pouring into it a thin, clear^
InRpid Fluids and by (haking it often
and much. It is niuch the fame with
an animal Body« No voluptuous or lazy
Perifbn, unlefs he has had an original
Conftitution of Brafs^ was ever a long
Liver. And even then, as his Life has
been more Mifery and Tain^ than evet
^ fiber Gaily Slave endur'd, his End^ and
the latter Part of his Days has beea
Rack and Torture j Horror and T^efpair^
And though he has not had the Hope
nor Confilation of a Martyr^ yet hid
Sufferings has been far more exqmfite
and extreme* All thofe who have lived

Gg long

1^6 ^ Essay of IIe Attn

' Itmg and without much Pain, haVe
lived abftemioiifly^ poor arid meagre. C^-
naro prolonged Iiis Life, and preferved
his Senfcs, by z\mof( ftdrving in his
latter Days 5 and fome others haVc done
the like. They have intdeed thtreby,
in fome meafure, wcikned their^ na-
tural Strength^ and qualified the Fire
and Flux of their Spirits: But they
have preferved their Senfes^ weakened
their TainSy prolonged their Days, and
procured themfelviis a gentle aria quiet
^ajfage into another State. Gentle
domeftick Purges frequently repeated,
due Exercifey and the Ufe of the other
Means pretcribcd in the foregoing* Trca-
tife, will mightily ri?;^fr/^«ff^ toward this
End. But the Ground 'Work niuft be
laid, carried on, and fihiftied in:>f^-
ftemoujnefs 5 and though not iri abfoliitc
Fafting (for that is no Ways requirfei^
and would be prejudicial) yet in ^thin^
poor^ lowy light and me^e Diet. All
the reft will be infuircicnt without
this. And this alone, without thefe^
will fuffice to carry on Life^ as long as
by its natural Frame it was made to
laft, and will make the Paffage i^aj} and

calm, as a Taper goes out for «raiit of
Fuel. " ; . '

Mir-

4w^LoNG Life, 127

Mfcellany RULES af Health

and Long Life.

I - f^HR O NICAL Difeafes laft longy
^ wear out the Conftitut ion /(?/^r^^,
and are accompained with a flow Pulfe 5
whereas acute ones foon terminate ei-
ther in Death or Recovery, and arc
joined with a quick Pulfe.

2. The Scurvy is the Root of moft
chronical Difeafes of the Britijb Nation ;
qnd is a neceflary Confequence of their
Way of living almoft wholly on animal
Foody and drinking fo much ftrong Li-
quors.

3 . Softy thiny finally fborty fair Hairy
Jlender Mufcles and Bones i foft FleQii
a whitCy fairy blanched or afiencoloured
Complexion $ a/J^/r, corpulent, flegmaticky
cold Conftitutioui ChillinefSy efpecially
in the Feet 5 a Readinefs to catch Colds i
and being fubjed to immoderate Eva^
citations of any kind, arc certain Signs of

. Joofe, flabby, or relaxed Neryes.

G ^ z 4. fTo-

058 ^?i Essay c/ HEALTH

4. IVomm of weak Nerves arc very
fubjcti to Mifcarriages. Their Danger
is incrcafcd by high Living, and indiC-
crcct Bleeding. The only Remedy for
them, is drinking Brijiol Water and
red Wine, with a low and light 'Diet,
going Abroad to get Air, and ufing
Aftringent 'Plaijfers, and other proper
Medicines to corroborate their Bowels.

5. The JVeak'SxvA Sickly (as their Con-
coftive Powers fail in Winter, and re-
cover in Summer) fhould carefully pro-
portion the Quantity and Quality of
their Food, torhc Strength of them in
the fcvcral Seafoiis.

6. The fewer Clmths one ufcs, the
^hardier he will be. Flannel and great

Loads oiCloaths by Day or Night, relax
the Fibres, and promote only Sweating,
■iiiftcad of the natural and beneficial 7er-
fpiratien.

7. The fVeak, Sedentary and Studious,
Should frequently psave their Head and
Face, wapy and fcrape their Feet, and
pare the Nails of their Toes.

i. People

IandhoNG Life. 019 ^H

8. People that read and write much> ^^^

ought CO do them ftanding, or in as ereSi 1
a Pofture as they can. And thofe who

can go about any Pact of their Studies ^^A

walkings fhould do it. ^^|

9. TheF(3/, unweildy ^nA over erown, *^^
ought to ^vaii^ all manner of ^rink,
strong and fmall, and even fVater it&l£,
as much as poffiblc. And if their Food ]

be Vegetables and young Animalsj they

•will have little Occafion for any Liquor,
t- ■ I o. The Aged (hould ( i ) carefully
guard againft all the Injuries of the Wea-
ther i and (2) lejfen the Quantity, and
lower the Quality of thetr Food gra-
dually ^ as they grow older ; even before
a manifcft 1>ecay of Appctite/tfrff then*

1x0 it.
■ IT. As ckromceU Difeafes arc not
brought on all at once j fo they cannot
be quickly removed. A gradual Cor-
ruption, muft be gradually remedied.
Tis contrary to the Nature of chronical
pifeafcs to be quickly cured.

12. la

a^o An EssAT ^/Health

12. la all acute aad vehement Tain,
Ofium is the fovcrciga Relief j particu-
larly in the Colicky Stone, Gout^ Rheuma-
tifm, and hard Labour of Women. It
operates by relaxing and unbending the
Pibrcs, overjiretched and crifpcd lip by
Tain.

1 3 . The great Secret of Health and
hong Life, lies in keeping the Blood
(and coniequently the otherjuices of the
Body) in a due Degree of Plui^itjf^

CONCLUSION.

'TT O Conclude, without taking the
-*• Benefit of Revelation, which, in
a Senfc relating even to our mortal
Bodies, has brought Life and Immortality
to Light \ if but the Precepts of the
Tagan Philofophcrs were obfervcd,

-Servare Modum, Finemque tueri.

Naturamque fequi.

imd Ld N g'Li f eI lit

If Men would' but oh^ciwti^i golden
Mean in all their TAffiOnSy Appetites and
^e^resi iVmz\lt}^dtth(mghti,H^or^^^
and Asians y they wcwild biCt rnin(;l, I
will not fay the Etid of their Being ixrid
Exigence hcte, bift the -E»^ to which
thtii Thought Sy ff^tifds zvid A£ii(fnsriztur
rally tended in their laft Re fort} And;
Lajity^ If jtn theGria^/jf^
petitesj^dfflonszxyd ^^r«, they folio w'd
the uncorrupted^V^i^r^j oiNaiurey and
neither, fpurred her ^ on , beyond her
Cravingy nor too violently reftraincd
her in her innocent Biafs s they would
enjoy a . greater Mtamre of Health
than they doj Ymt thtii Senfations
more delicate y apd their ^leafures more
exquijtte i live with.lfefs 5Pi^/», and tiic
with lefs Horror. For had it not been
for the Lewdnefsy Luxury and intera-
petate Gratifications of the ^ajjlons and
Appetite Sy which fitft ruined andfpoiled
the Conflitution of the Fathers y whereby
they* could communicate only a difeoTed,
crajy and untuneable Carcafs to their 45^;5f^,
fo that with the World's Tiecayy ^vicious
Souls and putrified Bodies^ have in this
our AgCy arrived to their higheft and
moft exalted T)egrees 5 J fay, Had it not
been for thefc Evils, thcrd never had

hap-

2^1 At Essay (^/Health, he*

happened (o much Stcktufs, Tain and il4?-
Jery, Co unhappy Lives, and fuch wretch-^
ea Ends, as wc now behold among
Men. But even in this our lapfed Eftate
and Condition, had the T^i^ates of Na-
ture and Reafon^ not to fay Reli^wjti
been followed j wc might have palTed
out Days in Indolence (at Icaft from
chronical Diftempers) if not innocent
Vleafures, arrived at A^^od aidAge^^ivCix
our Senfe-i free, and our rational fa-
culties clear, and at laft departed in
1*eace, as a Lamp goes out for Want of
Oil. And let the Gentlemen oiWit and
FirCf of Banter and Sneer^ hug thcm-
fclves ever fo much in their boaftcd
Tranquillity aud Security, gratify their
^ajjions. Appetites and Humours to the
Full, and defpife Futurity and IVhiningi
\ dare promife, when the Farce is ended,
and the laft Minutes are drawing on,
they would prefer a Life thus led, and
an End fo calm, to all the Tleafures of
Lewdnefs and Senfuality, and the Bounce/
of a falfe and ignorant Security.

FINIS.