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THIS BOOK IS PRESENTED TO
WITH THE OOMPrJMBNTS OF THE PtTBUISBGBS
BENJ. H. SANBORN & CO.
"^ifl
HARVARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY
GIFT OF THE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF EDUCATION
3 2044 097 078 471
Efje Stulientg' Series of Statin Classics
A NEW GRADATIM
EDITED
WITH MATERIALS FOR PROSE COMPOSITION
BY
M. C. SMART, A.M.
PBINCIPAIi OF THE STEVENS HIGH SCHOOL, CLABSMONT, N.H.
ov TrrfXX' aXX^ iroXv
BENJ. H. SANBORN & CO.
BOSTON, U.S.A.
1902
EdjuLcTTc^vc^. oiriQS
HARVARD COLLEGE LIMAIf
GIFT OF THE
aHADUATE SCHOOL OF COUCATlOi
coptbioht, 1901,
By M. C. SMAET.
ISTorhiooTi ^ress
J. S. CushinK & Co. — Berwick 8c Smith
Norwood Masa. U.S.A.
PREFACE.
The present edition of the " Gradatim " differs from
former editions in several important particulars.
The grammatical material, consisting of 'rules for pro-
nuncidtion and the more impoiiant principles of syntax^
has been put into an Introduction, with references to
the leading school grammars. The advantage of thus
grouping the rules for convenience of reference is obvi-
ous; while the language and arrangement, conforming
closely to what the student will find in his beginner's
book and grammar, will, it is believed, render his progress
more rapid and satisfactory.
Prequent reference to the rules has been made by affix-
ing the appropriate figure to the word or expression requir-
ing explanation. Idioms which might prove troublesome
to the beginner are explained in the vocabulary.
Some of the less interesting stories found in the origi-
nal edition have been omitted, and the story of Ulysses
from Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles has been added. The
summary of the story of Ulysses is the same as that
found in other editions.
Long vowels have been marked in accordance with the
prevailing practice.
Provision is made for theme work by inserting after
each of the first seventy-five selections a group of ques-
tions in Latin, to be answered by the student from the
material found in the text, and by adding a simple Eng-
iii
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
PAoa
Pronunciation . 1
Rules of Agreement 2
Nominative and Vocative 3
Accusative 3
Dative 6
Genitive 6
Ablative 7
Infinitive 10
Independent Sentences 11
Dependent Sentences 12
Cum Clauses 13
Conditional Sentences 14
Indirect Discourse 14
Gerund and Gerundive 16
Supine 15
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES.
The Naughty Boy 16
The Dirty Ditch 17
The Rotten Apples .18
The Broken Dike 18
The Young Doctor 20
Faithful Caleb . . . .' 21
V
Jl
vi CONTENTS.
PAoa
Judge Gascoyne 22
Alfred and the Cakes 23
Sir Walter Raleigh 24
Too Clever by Half 25
The Young Shaver 26
The Green Cheese 27
Wat Tyler 28
Cruel Frederick 29
The Standard 30
The Siege of Calais 33
The Babes in the Wood 36
The Pied Piper 38
The Lighthouse 40
The Snowstorm 42
A Noble Action 44
The Ugly Duckling .46
The Touch of Gold 48
A Scape-Goat 49
The Effect of a Fall . . . . . . . .50
A Breach of Discipline . .51
ABuU's-Eye 52
The Weather-wise Donkey 53
How to please Everybody 55
The Inexhaustible Purse 57
The Golden Loaf 58
Hospitality 59
Honesty is the Best Policy 60
Counting her Chickens 62
The Bloodhound 63
A Disguised Monarch 66
Which is the King 67
CONTENTS. vil
PAGB
The Lost Child 68
A Hard Bargain 70
Who killed the Cock? 73
A Lesson in Good Manners 74
The Robber's Cave 75
Caught by the Robbers .76
Two can play at that Game 78
The Forty Thieves . 79
The Wonderful Island SO
The Diamond Valley 81
The Giant's Cave 82
The Royal Sepulchre 83
The Old Man of the Sea 86
How to pick Cocoanuts 86
The Elephant's Burial-place 87
The Subterranean Passage 88
Home at Last 90
The Donkey's Advice 91
The Cock's Advice 93
The Bottom of the Stream * 94
The Attack on the Castle 95
Ulysses 98
Vocabulary 113
A NEW GRADATIM.
■•o>©<o«-
INTRODUCTION.
PRONUNCIATION.
1. Vowels.
d has the sound of a in father.
e has the sound of e in fete (like a in fate).
i has the sound of i in machine.
6 has the sound of o in holy.
(2 has the sound of oo in hoot.
y is rare. It was pronounced like u in French, U in German ;
that is, half-way between the sounds of t and u, as given above.
The short vowels have the following sounds : —
& is like a in staff (pronounced broadly),
e is like e in met.
X is like t in pick,
d is like o in nor.
u is like oo in hook*
2. Diphthongs.
ae has the sound of at in aisle.
au has the sound of ow in how.
ei (rare) has the sound of ei in eight,
eu (rare) has the sound of eu in feud.
oe has the sound of oi in hoil.
After q, ng, and sometimes s, also in cul (from qui and quia)
and hulc (from hic), u is pronounced with the preceding letter,
as in the English queen,
1
2 A NEW GRADATIM.
3. Consonants. — Consonants have generally the same
sounds as in English, but —
c has always the sound of c in can,
g has always the sound of g in game,
i consonant has always the sound of y in yet,
s has always the sound of s in son or yes,
t has always the sound of t in tone,
ch has always the sound of k,
RTTLES OF STITTAZ.
RULES OF AGREEMENT.
4. Finite Verb. — A finite verb agrees tcifh its subject in
number and jyerson (22).^ A. 204; B. 254; G. 211; H.
388 (460).
a. Puella rosSa habet, the girl has roses.
b. Puellae ros&s habent, the girls hare roses.
6. Predicate Nominative. — A predicate noun agrees
fcith the subject in case (26). A. 185, a ; B. 168 ; G. 211 ;
H. 393 (362).
Puella eat aerva, the girl is a slave.
6. Appositive- — An appositive affrees in case with the
noun ichich it limits (28). A. 183; B. 169, 2; G. 321;
H. 393 (363).
PoSta liUiain flliam amat, the poet loves his daughter Julia.
1 The numbers in parentheses refer to corresponding sections in
Tnell and Fowler's *' First Boi>k in Latin." The other numbers refer
to the followini: stamiani Latin grammars: A.. Allen and Greenon^h;
B., Bennett; G.. Gildersleeve and Ltnige; H., Harkness's Complete
Latin Grammar, references to Harkness's Standard Latin Grammar
Immediatelv following in parentheses.
RULES OF SYNTAX. 3
7. Adjectives. — An adjective agrees with its noun in
gender, number, and case (39). A. 186; B. 234; G. 289;
H. 394 (438).
a. HortuB est mSLgnus, the garden is large,
b. Laet58 nautSs amant, they love the cheerful sailors.
8. Pronouns. — Pronouns agree with their antecedents
in gender, number, and person. A. 198 ; B. 250 ; G. 614 ;
H. 396 (445).
"B^o qui haec scrlpsl hom5 sum, I who wrote this am a man.
NOMINATIVE AND VOCATIVE.
9. Nominative as Subject. — The subject of a finite verb
is in the nominative (13). A. 173, 1 ; B. 166; G. 203;
H. 387 (368).
Puer ridet, the boy laughs.
10. Vocative. — ITie name of the person or thing ad-
dressed is in the vocativ^. A. 241 ; B. 171 ; G. 201, R. 1 ;
H. 402 (369).
VenI mScum, serve, come with me, slave.
ACCUSATIVE.
11. Direct Object. — The direct object is in the accusor
tive (14). A. 237 ; B. 172 ; G. 330 ; H. 404 (371).
RSglna luliam amat, the queen loves Julia,
12. With Compound Verbs. — Many intransitive verbs
compounded with a preposition become transitive and take
the accusative. Such are regularly verbs compounded with
Qircum, per, praeter, subter, trans, a7id sometimes ad, ante,
/./. r*f**— . ^=-
- HZ
•'«
1^ #irf.-«r*'
•b*fe«<.
:3J ^
t^yjin^. ♦>"^-«' *''»■• ' •■•'
tsK^k.. — Vrti vjs***-*^ Tpen» Off tif
owe
-- ::-. i^\ . S- 410,
('
b.
«>
»'> 'X^ f. Vf,^U^
Ca^ttar kjt '.t^i. '*
\7tH»ar w»i»
Offifu<fn»
14, Extent. — Z/'/rof-'o* o/ f*'?.^ a'*i ^jr^^'t of ^^<x
ex/rrenml by tfve a/:cuMiXix:e -IS- . A- HA'K e; B. 181; G.
335,3:36; IL 417 (-379;.
ft* X<egi5iifis multda aww^ |n Gallic fuennt, tA^ legions had
been in Gaul many yean.
b. namen est pedes trCs altnm, (he river is three feet deep.
15. Limit of Motion. — Limit of motion is expressed by
the accusative, usually with ad or in ; hut in names of towns
€tml smcdl islands by the accusative alone. Like names of
RULES OF SYNTAX. 5
torrnis are used the o/ccusatives domiun, domos, and ros.
A. 258 ; B. 182 ; G. 337 ; H. 418 (380).
a. Ad italiam v6nit, he came to Italy,
b. Caesar R5maxn v6iiit, Caesar came to Rome.
16. Subject of Infinitiye. — The subject of the infinitive
is in the accusative (231). A. 173, 2 ; B. 184 ; G. 203, b. 1 ;
H. 415 (536).
a. Puer parat, the boy is preparing.
b. DIc5 puerum parSre, / say that the hoy is preparing.
DATIVE.
17. With Transitive Verbs. — The indirect object of a
transitive verb is in the dative (33). A. 224 ; B. 187, 1 ;
G. 345 ; H. 424 (384, II.).
Nautae agricolfs fSbulfta nSLrrant, the sailors tell stories to
the farmers.
18. With Compound Verbs. — Many verbs compounded
with ad, ante, con, de, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pr5, sub,
and super govern the dative (268). A. 228 ; B. 187, III. ;
G. 347 ; H. 429 (386).
In perlculls amicis aderat, he aided his friends in dangers.
19. With Intransitive Verbs. — Many intransitive verbs
govern the dative; chiefly verbs meaning to favor, please,
trust, believe, help, and their opposites ; also to command,
obey, serve, resist, persuade, and the like (273). A. 227 ;
B. 187, n. ; G. 346 ; H. 426 (385).
Puer patri paret, the hoy oheys his father.
NoTB. — Such verbs are used in the passive only impersonally,
and retain the dative.
EI persuftdetur, he is persuaded.
6 A XEW GRADATIM.
20. Agent. — The dative is used trith passive verbs
formed tcith the genutdice or perfect ^tarticiple to denote
the agetU (300;. A. 232; B. 189; G. 3;>4, 3oo; H. 431
(388).
Hoc mihi faciendmn est, this must be done hy me^ or I must
do this.
21. Dative of Possessor. — Tfte dative is used urith the
verb sum to denote the possessor^ the thing possessed being
the subject (49). A. 231; B. 190 ; G. 349; H. 430 (387).
Est pnero liber, the hoy has (there is to the hoy') a booh.
22. Dative of Purpose. — The dative is ust^d to express
the idea ofpn^iK^se or end (288). A. 233 ; R 191 ; G. 356 ;
H. 433 (390).
Aedni Caesaif aiudlid erant, the Aedutins tee re (jor) a
support to Caesar.
23. With Adjectives. — J/a/^y a*Jh^tiv^s /t/Av a dative to
define tlitir application {\oo). A. 2;U; B. 192; G. 3o9;
H. 434 i 391 ).
Paella est cSra m&tii, the t/irl is dear to her mother,
GENITIVE.
24. Genitive with Koons. — A noun limiting another
noun^ and nttt meaning the same jhraon or thing, is in the
genitive «17). A. 213; B. 195; G. 3(>0; H. 4;i9 1^395).
laUa servam ComSliae laudato Juaa pniises Cornelians
servant.
25. Partitive Genitive. — The jxirtitice gtnitive dentytes
the tvhole of u'hirh a iKui is taken \^Voo\ A. 21G; B. 201;
G. 367 ; H. 440, 5 \,397).
RULES OF SYNTAX. 7
Multl militum volnerSitl erant, many of the soldiers had been
wounded.
Note. — With cardinal numbers, quidam, and some other words,
the ablative with ez or dS is often used instead of the partitive
genitive. A. 216, 4, c ; B. 201, 1, a ; G. 372, 2 ; H. 444 (397, 3, n. 3).
UnuB ez mllitibuB, one of the soldiers,
26. Genitive with Adjectives. — Many adjectives govern
the genitive. These are chiefly adjectives denoting desire,
kno'^ledge, skill, recollection, participation, mastery, full-
ness, likeness, etc, and their opposites. A. 218 ; B. 204 \
G. 374 ; H. 450 ff. (399).
a. Aurl avidus, eager for gold,
b. Peritus belli, skilled in war.
27. Genitive with Verbs. — Verbs of remembering, for-
getting, of feeling and concern, of accusing and acquitting, of
rating and buying, and of plenty and want, take the genitive.
A. 219-223 ; B. 205-212 ; G. 376-383 ; H. 454-458 (406-
403).
MS fflrtl acciisat, he accuses me of thefl.
ABLATIVE.
28. Separation. — Separation is denoted by the ablative
with or without a preposition. A. 243 ; B. 214 ; G. 390 ^
H. 461, 462 (413).
a. MSgnd mS metH llber&bis, you will relieve me of great fear,
b. Ez civitSte ezcessSre, they departed from the state,
29. Agent. — Tlie agent tvith a passive verb is denoted
by the ablative with & or ab (102). A. 246 ; B. 216 ;
G. 401 ; H. 468 (415, 1).
a. RSgina ItLliam amat, the queen loves Julia.
b. Itllia & r6g!u& amStur, Julia is loved by thfi queen.
8 A NEW GRADATIM.
30. Comparison. — The comparative is followed by the
ablative when quam (than) is omitted (129). A. 247 ;
B. 217 ; a. 296 ; H. 471 (417).
a. R6z est potentior quam c5n8ul, a king is more powerful
than a consul.
b. Rte est potentior cdnsule, a king is more powerful than
a consul.
31. Place. — The place where is denoted by the ablative
with the preposition in, but in names of towns by the locative,
A. 264 ; B. 228 ; G. 385 ff. ; H. 483 (425).
a. MXlit6s in oppid5 sunt, the soldiers are in the town*
b. Caesar R5mae erat, Caesar was at Rome.
32. Time. — Time when and within which is expressed
by the ablaiive without a preposition (90). A. 2^^] B. 230 ;
G. 393 ; H. 486 (429).
LegiS nocte oppidum occup&vit, the legion seized the town
in the night,
33. Accompaniment. — Accompaniment is expressed by
the ablative with cum (84). A. 248, a ; B. 222 ; G. 392 ;
H. 473, 1 (419, I.).
Galba cum patre in urbe lab5rat, Galha works with his
father in the city,
34. Manner. — Manner is expressed by the ablative with
cum, or a limiting adjective^ or with both (77). A. 248 ;
B. 220 ; G. 399 ; H. 473, 3 (419, III.).
Agricola frdmentum cum diligentiS in oppidum porta-
bat, the farmer was carrying grain into the town with diligence.
Magna cum dlligentia, or mftgna diligentia, with great
diligence.
RULES OF SYNTAX 9
35. Quality. — The ablative with an adjective may he
used to express quality (122). A. 251 ; B. 224 ; G. 400 j^
H. 473, 2 (419, II.).
liUia est puella mftgnSi dlligentia, Julia is a girl of great
diligence.
Note. — The genitive with an adjective may denote quality. A.
215 ; B. 203 ; G. 365 ; H. 440, 3 (396, 6).
Vir Buminae virttltiB, a man of the highest courage,
36. Instrument or Means. — Instrument or means is
expressed by the ablative without a preposition (70).
A. 248, c; B. 218; G. 401; H. 476 (420).
Note. — The deponents Utor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor,
and their compounds govern the ablative of means (264). A. 240 ;
B. 218, 1 ; G. 407 ; H. 477 (421).
a. Puella rosls caput 5rnat, the girl adorns her head with roses.
b. MIleB gladi5 Utitur, the soldier uses his sword,
37. Cause. — Cause may be expressed by the ablative^
usually without a preposition (109). A. 245; B. 219;
G. 408 ; H. 475 (413, 416).
Servl diligeuti& a domin5 laudantur, the slaves are praised
hy their master for {because of) their diligence,
38. Specification. — The ablative of specificaJtion may be
used with a verb, noun, or adjective to define its applicor
tion (116). A. 253 ; B. 226 ; G. 397 ; H. 480 (424).
Rom&nl HelvSti5s virtUte superftbant, the Romans sur-
passed the Helvetians in valor,
39. Degree of Difference. — The degree of difference is
denoted by the ablative (142). A. 250 ; B. 223 ; G. 403 ;
H. 479 (423).
TituB decern annXs senior est quam frSiter, Titus is ten
years older {older hy ten years) than his brother.
10 A NEW GRADATIM.
40. Price. — Definite price is es^ressed by the ablcUive,
A. 252 ; B. 225 ; G. 404 ; H. 478 (422).
Emit hort5B dacentia minis, he bought the gardens for two
hundred minae.
41. Ablative Absolute. — The ablative absoliUe is used
to designate the time or circumstances of an action (364).
A. 255 ; B. 227 ; G. 409 ff. ; H. 489 (431).
a. Dace vocante mnit^B conveniunt, cd the call of the
leader (when the leader calls, the leader calling) the
soldiers assemble,
b. Caesar bell5 c5nfect5 in castra rediit, having finished
the war (when or after the war was finished, since the war
was finished, the war having been finished), Caesar returned
to camp,
c. Zi5 duce host6s vTcistis, under his leadership (he being
leader, when he was leader, with him as leader) you con-
quered the enemy,
INFINITIVE.
42. As Subject or Predicate. — An infinitive with or with-
out a subject ojccusative may be used as the subject of a sen-
tence or as a predicate noun (260). A. 270 ; B. 327, 330 ;
G. 422, 424 ; H. 615, 616, 1 (538, 539, I.).
a. Laud&rl est grStum, to be praised is pleasant ; or, it is
pleasant to be praised.
b. VidSri non est semper esse, seeming (to seem) is not
always being (to be),
43. As Complement. — The infinitive is used with certain
verbs to complete their meaning (262). A. 271 ; B. 328 ;
G. 423; H. 614(533).
a. Ptignftre parSbant, they were preparing to fight,
b. PfLgnftre ndn potest, he cannot fight.
RULES OF SYNTAX. 11
44. With Subject Accusative. — Statements after verbs
(and other expressions) of saying^ thinkingy knowing y and
perceiving are expressed by the infinitive with a subject
accusative (232). A. 272 ; B. 314 ; G. 527 ; H. 642 (535).
a. Direct. — Puer parat, the boy is preparing,
b. Indirect. — Dic5 puerum par&re, / say that the boy is
preparing.
46. Tenses of the Infinitive. — In indirect discourse the
present infinitive represents an action as going on, the per-
fect as completedy and the future as in the future relatively
to the time denoted by the verb of saying (234). A. 336, A ;
B. 270, 317 ; G. 653 ; H. 617 (537).
a. DTcit puerum par&re, he says that the boy is preparing,
b. DIcit puerum paravisse, he says that the boy has prepared.
c. DTcit puerum parSttlrum esse, he says that the boy will
prepare.
INDEPENDENT SENTENCES.
46. Indicative. — The indicative is used to represent the
action of the verb as a reality. A. 264 ; B. 271 ; G. 254 ;
H. 520 (474).
Puer rldet, the boy laughs.
47. Potential Subjunctive. — !7%6 potential subjunctive
represents the action of the verb as possible. A. 311, a;
B. 280 ; G. 257 ; H. 552 (485).
Quaerat quispiam, some one may ask.
48. Optative Subjunctive. — Wishes are expressed by the
subjunctive, often introduced by utinam. Tlie negative is
ne. Wishes referring to the future take the present tense,
unfulfilled wishes referring to the present take the imperfect ^
12 A NEW GRADATIM.
and referring to the pasty tJie pluperfect (331), A. 267 ; B.
279 ; G. 260 £f. ; H. 658 (483).
a. (Utinam) bonus sis, may you be good.
b. Utinam bonus eaate, would you were good,
49. Imperative. — The imperative is used to express a
commandj admonition, or entreaty. A. 269 ; B. 281 ; G.
266 ; H. 195, 560 £f. (487).
Sgredere ez urbe, depart from the city.
DEPENDENT SENTENCES.
50. Sequence of Tenses. — Primary tenses of the indica-
tive are followed by primary tenses of the subjunctive,
and secondary tenses by secondary tenses (304). A. 286 ;
B. 267 ; G. 509 ff. ; H. 543-^545 (491).
a. Reperi5 ubi sis, ubi f ueris, / am finding out where you are,
where you have been (were).
b. Repperl ubi ess6s, ubi fuiss6s, / found out where you
toerey where you had been.
NoTB. — The primary or principal tenses of the indicative are
the present, the future, and the future perfect ; the secondary or
historical tenses are the imperfect, the perfect, and the pluperfect.
In the subjunctive, the present and perfect are primary ; the
imperfect and pluperfect, secondary. A. 286, 1, 2 ; B. 258, 267 ;
G. 226 ; H. 198, 645 ff. ; (198, 492 ff.).
61. Indirect Questions. — The subjunctive is used in
indirect questions (306). A. 334; B. 300; G. 467; H.
649, II. (529, 1.).
a. Direct. — Quis est tuus comes? Who is your com"
panion f
b. Indirect. — Sci5 quis sit tuus comes, / know who your
companion is.
RULES OF SYNTAX. 13
52. Final Clauses. — The subjunctive with ut, ne, or a
relative, is used to eatress purpose (311). A. 317 ; B. 282 ;
G. 545 ; H. 568 (497).
LSgatum mittit ut agr58 vSatet, he sends a lieutenant to lay
waste, that he may lay waste, in order to lay waste, the fields.
53. Consecutive Clauses. — The subjunctive with ut, ut
non, or a relative, is used to express result (318). A. 319 ;
B. 284 ; G. 552 ; H. 670 (500).
Puer tarn defeaaua fuit ut eum iuvSLrem, the hoy was so
tired that I helped him.
CUM CLAUSES.
54. Cum Temporal. — Cum meaning when takes the in-
dicative to define a time (346). A. 325, n. and a ; B. 288 ;
G. 580 ; H. 600, 1., 601 (521, 1.).
Cum clvitSs bellum infert, ducSs dSliguntur, when the
state begins a war, leaders are chosen*
55. Cum HistoricaL — In narrative, cmn meanirig when
or as takes the imperfect and pluperfect s^ibjunctive to
describe a time (348). A. 325; B. 288, 1, B-, G. 585;
H. 600, II. (521, II.).
Cum easet Caeaar in Gallic, 16gatl vSn6runt, when Caesar
was in Gaul, envoys came,
56. Cum Causal and Concessive. — Ctun causal and con-
cessive (meaning since and although) takes the subjunctive
in all tenses (352). A. 326 ; B. 286, 2, 309, 3 ; G. 586,
587 ; H. 598 (515, III., 517).
a. Cum haec vSra aint, bene eat, since these things are true,
it is well.
b. Cum adesaem, m6 n5n vidiati, although I was present,
you did not see me.
14 A NEW GRADATIM.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.
67. First Form. — In simple conditional sentences the
indicative is used in both condition and conclusion (336).
A. 306 ; B. 302 ; G. 595 ; H. 574 (508).
SI adeat, laetl Buxnus, if he is present, toe are glad,
68. Second Form. — In ideal conditions the present or
perfect subjunctive is used in both clauses (338). A. 307,
b, c ; B. 303 ; G. 596 ; H. 576 (509).
SI adsit, laetl BimuB, if he should he present, we should
he glad,
59. Third Form. — In conditions contrary to fa/st the
imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive are used in both
clauses (340). A. 308 ; B. 304 ; G. 597 ; H. 579 (510).
a. SI adesBet, laetl esaemuB, if he were present, we should
he glad,
b. SI adf uisset, laetl fuias6maB, if he had been present, we
should have heen glad,
INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
60. In indirect discourse^ questions, comynands, and sub-
ordinate clauses are in the subjunctive, and folloiv the rule
for sequence of tenses (358, 359). A. 336 ff. ; B. 313 ff. ;
G. 650 ff . ; H. 642, 643 (523, 524).
a. Direct. — Cum Titus adest, puer bene facit, when
Titus is present, the boy does well.
b. Indirect (primary tense). — DIc5 cum Titus adsit,
bene puerum facere, / say that when Titus is present,
the hoy does well,
c. Indirect (secondary tense). — DIzI cum Titus ades-
set, bene puerum facere, / said that when Titus was
present, the hoy did well.
RULES OF SYNTAX. 15
GERUND AND GERUNDIVE.
61. Gerund. — The gerund is, as a noun, governed by
other words; as a verb, it may take an object in the proper
case (371). A. 295 ; B. 338 ; G. 425, 426 ; H. 624 (541).
MXlit68 pUgnandl flnem f6c6nuit, the soldiers made an end
of fighting,
62. Genmdiye. — Instead of the gerund with a direct ob^
ject, the gerundive is generally used. The gerundive agrees
in gender, number, and case with Us noun, which stands in
the case in which the gerund would have been (372). A. 296 j
B. 339; G. 427; H. 623 (543, 544).
Potestas datur urbis capiendae (urbem oapiendl), an
opportunity of taking the city is offered.
THE SUPINE.
63. 77ie supine in -tun is used after verbs of motion to
express purpose (378). A. 302 ; B. 340 ; G. 435 ; H. 633
(546).
L6g&tl pacem petltum v6n6runt, the envoys came to ask for
peace,
64. The supine in -u is used chiefly with adjectives as an
ablative of specification (383). A. 253, a, 303 ; B. 340, 2 ;
G. 436 ; H. 635 (547).
Facile eat factH, it is easy to do.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES.
The following five selectiona and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Declensions L, 11. j ,. '
_ ^ ( adjectives.
(5) Personal pronouns.
(c) Present, imperfect, and future indicative active of
the first and second conjugation, and the same of the
verb sum.
The numbers affixed to words in the text and exercises
refer to the corresponding sections of the Introduction.
1. The Naughty Boy.
Albertus, puer Ignavus, litteras " non amabat. Magi-
strum suum saepe vltabat et agrSs pererrabat. At saevus
taurus habitabat agros. Olim puerum videt. Prlm6
Stat et advenam saevls^ oculis lustrat. Albertus fugam
tentat. Tum instat taurus. Mox miserl puerl tergum
volnerabit mOnstrum.®
Latins reflpondS.
1. Quis erat Albertus ?
2. Quem saepe vltabat ?
3. Quod animal habitabat agros ?
4. Nonne taurus puerum videt ?
6. Quid tentat Albertus ?
16
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 17
Latine scribe.
Albert is an idle boy.' He often shuns his teacher
and wanders through the fields. ^^ But a savage bull
lives in the fields. The bull will see the boy. Then
the boy will try flight. Will not the savage ^ animal
wound Albert's back?
2. The Dirty Ditch.
Fossa lata, limO ^ et aqua plena, forte terminabat
agrum. Puer miser loco^® approplnquat et aquae s5
mandat temer^. Aqua non est alta, sed limus profundus
membra cohibet. Taurus puerum videt, sed periculum
aquae timet. Diu haeret Albertus; taurus vana ira
captlvum lustrat. At agricola forte agrum intrat.
Statim baculo*^ magno taurum deturbat liberatque
puerum.
Latin6 responde.
1. Quid forte agrum terminat ?
2. Nonne aqua fossae est alta ?
3. Quid timet taurus ?
4. Quis forte agrum intrat ?
5. Quo modo (how) agricola puerum liberat ?
Latm6 scribe.
By chance there was a ditch in the field. Albert ran
to the ditch ^* and threw himself into the water.^^ For
a long time the savage monster watched the wretched
boy. Then a farmer entered the field and drove off the
bull with a big stick,^
18 A NEW GRADATIM.
3. The Rotten Apples.
Carolus, agricolae impigri filius, bonus erat puer, sed
amicos malOs amabat. Agricola igitur puero *^ calathum
pomormn plenum dat. Calathus bona poma continebat,
pauca tamen erant putrida. Puer donum diligenter
curat, sed poma mala bona maculant, et mox mala sunt
ctlneta. Carolus maestus adversam fortunam plorat.
Tum agricola filium ita monet: ^^Poma mala maculant
bona, certe mall amici maculabunt puerum bonum/'
Latins responds.
1. Quis erat Carolus ?
2. Quid agricola Carolo dat ?
3. Erantne poma bona an (or) putrida ?
4. Ctir (why) erat Carolus maestus ?
5. Nonne mall amici pueros bonos maculant ?
Lat^6 BcrTbe.
Charles is a farmer's ^* son. He is a good boy, but his
friends, are bad.'' The farmer therefore says (dicit),
"This basket is full of apples.* A few are bad. A
bad apple spoils a good [one].* Soon all will be bad.
Will not a bad friend likewise (item) spoil a good boy ? "
4. The Broken Dike.
Cimbri terram habitant miram, nam oceanus t6cta
agrosque agricolSrum sa^pe inundat. Incolae fossis
tumulisque magnis undarum violentiam coercent; ali-
* Omit in translation.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 19
quando tamen aqua claustra d^tnrbat et vd^tat terrain.
Forte erat tumulus non validus; iam appd.ret parva
rima; mox via magna patebit et terram superabunt
undae. At puer parvus periculum videt; statim dextra**
rimam implet coercetque aquam.
Latln6 respond^.
1. Qua r6 (why) est terra Cimbrorum mlra ?
2. Qu5 modO incolae undarum violentiam coSrcent ?
3. Quid olim apparet in tumulo?
4. Quis periculum videt ?
5. Quo modo aquam co^rcet puer parvus ?
Latins scribe.
The land of the Cimbrians^ is a strange [one], for
the waves of the ocean often overflow it (cam). Great
dikes restrain the water ; but sometimes the waves beat
down the barriers and lay waste the land. By chance
a small boy sees a crack in the dike. The danger is
great.^ How (quo modo) shall he check the force of the
water ?
^ 5. The Broken Dike (continued).
Diti et constanter puer praesidium servabat. Iam
riggbant membra, et dextra* parva aquam semper
coSrcebat. Postridifi agricolae locO approplnquant.
Puer frigidus et moribundus dextra** tamen aquam
coercet. Saxis celeriter tumulum confirmant, et limo
rimam implent. Tum umeris^® puerum sublevant
recreantque cib6. Tantam constantiam saepe comme-
morant Cimbrl, narrantque liberis^^ suis pueri factum.
20 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latinfi respond^.
1. Qui postridie loco appropinquant ?
2. Qu6 mode celeriter tumulum conftrmant ?
3. Quein umerls sublevant agricolae ?
4. Quid saepe commemorant Cimbri ?
6. Quibus (to whom) puerl** factum narrant Cimbri ?
Latlh6 scribe.
For a long time the little boy keeps back the water
with his right hand.* The water is cold ' and his limbs
are growing stiff. By-and-by (mox) a farmer approaches
the boy.^® He strengthens the dike. Then he refreshes
the boy with food. The Cimbrians will often tell this
story (hanc fabulam) to their children.^'
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Declensions I., II., III., nouns.
(6) Present, imperfect, and future indicative active of
the third and fourth conjugations.
6. The Young Doctor.
Medicus quondam, longo labore^ fessus, breve otium
in rtistica villa amici petebat. Interea filio curam
clientium committebat. luvenis, labore superbus,
comiti^' iocoso fortunam ita narrat: "Pater mihi
clientSs suos committit." "At," respondet amicus,
"ubi pater urbem repetit, ex clientibus quot super-
erunt ? "
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 21
LatXnfi respondfi.
1. Quid quondam petebat medicus ?
2. Cui interea curam clientium committebat ?
3. Cul f ilius f ortunam narrat ?
4. Nonne erat comes iocOsus ?
5. Quid respondet amicus ?
Latins Bcrlbe.
Tired physicians often leave the care of their patients
to their friends.^* Meanwhile they seek rest.. Once
(olim) a physician said (dixit) to a witty friend ^^, "I
am tired. I leave my patients to you." The friend
replies: "I am proud of my good fortune®^; but when
you return to the city,^ not-a (null us) patient will be
left."
»
7. Faithful Caleb.
Timon erat vir generOsus sed egfinus. In aedibus mSr
gnis sed obsolstls habitabat, et inopiam cibT saepe tolerSbat.
Calebus, servus domesticus, multum amSbat Tlmonem et
paupertatem domini celabat diligenter. Aliquando multi
viatorgs hospitium a Timone petebant. Vir benignus
portas aedium libenter aperit. Ubi hora cenae adest,
quod nullum cibum habebat, Calebus paulum haeret.
Vicinus forte epulas celebrabat; subitS ad locum currit
Calebus et magna voce, "Aedes ardent," exclamat. Con-
vivae hue illuc firumpunt. At Calebus sine mora a m^nsa
nitidum anserem abstrahit, apponitque viatoribus epulas
magnificas.
22 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins respondfi.
1. Ubi habitabat Timon ? Quis erat Calebus ?
2. Ctir paupertatem dominl c6labat diligenter ?
3. Ctir Calebus haerfibat, ubi hora c6nae aderat ?
4. Quis forte epulas celebrabat ?
5. Quid a mSnsa abstrahit Calebuis ?
Latln6 scribe.
Caleb's master is a kind-hearted man, and liis servants
love him (eum). But the master is poor/ Once, when
many guests were 'present, there was no food in the
house. Caleb hesitated a little. Then (tum) he ran to a
neighbor's house and cried out, " The house is on fire." *
When the inmates of the house ran out, Caleb snatched
the food from the table and placed a feast before* his
master's guests.^
8. Judge Gascoyne.
Henricus IV., rex Britannorum, pigrum prodigumque
f Ilium habebat ; nam iuvenis comites malos nimium ama-
bat. Forte cives Gaium, amicum principis, coram iudice
accusant f urti. Princeps ad locum properat et dirls minis
veniam delicti postulat. At iudex, vir str^nuus, veniam
negat. Princeps igitur gladium stringit. Tum iudex
catenis iuvenem superbum vincit. Post mortem patris
iuvenis Henricus, iara rex, iudici" praemia digna dat
habetque in amicorum numerO.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 23
Iiatln6 responds.
1. Qualem (wliat-kind»of) f Ilium habebat Henrlcus IV.,
rex Britann5rum ?
2. Qui amicum principis f tirtl accflsant ?
3. Quid postulat princeps ? Quo modo ?
4. Nonne iGdex veniam delicti negat ?
5. Quern iQdex catfinls vincit ?
Latlh6 Bcrlbe.
The son of Henry IV. was an idle and thriftless youth,
and his companions were bad. It-happened-that (forte)
a citizen accused one of his friends (unum ex amicis) of
theft.^ When the judge refused to pardon the offence,
the prince and his friend drew* [their] swords. The
citizens therefore bound the youths. By-and-by the
prince will be king.* Will he not then regard the judge
as a friend ?
9. Alfred and the Cakes.
Alfredus, r6x Britannorum, cum Danis saepe ptignabat.
Primum DanI copias rggias vincebant, et r6x exsul *
hospitium ab incolis parvae casae petit. Incolae figurae *
regis Inscii hospiti c6nam exiguam lectumque durum
praebent. Postridie ad laborem pergunt. Agricola ov6s
pascit ; uxor verrit aedes ; rex ignem incendit torretque
liba. Mox tamen, quod Alfredus multls curls anxius
laborem praetermittit, flammae adurunt liba. At uxor
agricolae, ubi factum videt, Ira plena hospitem pigrum
increpat, et dextra aur6s rSgias verberat. Sed r6x poenam
patienter tolerat.
24 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins respond^.
•
1. Quibuscum Alfredus, r6x Britannorum, saepe pG-
gnabat ?
2. A quibus r6x hospitium petit ?
3. Quid hospiti praebent incolae casae ?
4. Quam ob rem (why) flammae liba adtirunt ?
5. Coius aur6s dextrS, verberat uxor agricolae ?
Lat5n6 scribe.
The forces of the Danes often fought with Alf red,** the
king. At first they defeated him (eum). Once (olim)
the king was a guest in a small cottage. The supper
was scanty and the bed was hard. The next day Alfred
happened (forte) to be baking* cakes. Because the fire
scorched the cakes, the farmer's wife boxed the king's
ears.
10. Sir Walter Raleigh.
Elisabetha, rggina Britannorum, vestes splendidSs et
pretiosas semper gerebat. Forte magna cum caterva
comitum per vicos urbis ambulabat. Subito ante pedes
multum lutum videt. Rggina stat incerta,' quod viam
lubricam timet. At ex turba exsilit iuvenis; umeris
novum pallium detrahit et locum tegit vestimento ; tum
iterum ad socios recurrit. Laeta rggina super pallium
ambulat nee pedem maculat. Statim grata iuvenem in
numerum amicorum ascribit.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 25
Latln6 respond^.
1. Quis erat Elisab^tha ?
2. Ubi rfiglna forte ambulabat?
3. Qua r6 (wherefore) incerta stat r6glna ?
4. Quid umerls detrahit iuvenis ?
5. NOnne r6glna erat laeta ?
LatlhS Bcrfbe.
Queens wear costly garments. Once Elizabeth was
walking through a city with many attendants.^ There
was much mud in the street. She stood hesitating,
because the way was slippery. Suddenly a young man
covered the mud with a new cloak.* The queen was glad.
Henceforth (posthac) the young man will be her friend.
The following Jive selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Declensions III., IV., V. Nouns.
(h) Adjectives.
(c) Indicative and imperative active of the first and
second conjugations, and the same of the verb sum.
11. Too Clever by Half.
KOscius, praeclarus iarisconsultus, ptiblicOs iGdos quon-
dam spectabat. Subito vir rusticus occurrit. " Da mihi,"
inquit, "responsum, praeclare Rosci;*® canis divitis
viclnl meum agrum intravit, necavitque tr6s pullOs.
Quantam tH mulctam domin5 ^* canis imponis ? " " Quat-
tuor assfis," respondit ROscius. " Da mihi igitur assfis,"
26 A NEW GRADATIM.
inquit vir, "tuus enim canis erat reus." "R6s aequa
est," iterum respondit Edscius, " et libenter tibi quattuor
assfis dabo. At tti prlmum numera ^ mihi quinque assfis,
numquam enim iarisconsultl sine mercede dant respdnsa."
Latlnfi respondfi.
1. Quis ptiblicos lud6s quondam spectabat ?
2. In cuius agrum intraverat canis*?
3. Quantam (how large) mulctam domino canis impo-
suit Koscius ?
4. Cuius canis necaverat pullos ? NOnne Roscius rti-
stico mulctam dedit ?
5. Quot ass6s Roscio dedit rasticus ?
Latins scribe.
A countryman said to a famous lawyer,^' " ROscius/'
a neighbor's dogs have killed three chickens in my field.
How large shall the fine be ?" " Four pennies," 3aid the
lawyer. " Your dogs were the culprits," replied the coun-
tryman. The lawyer gladly gave the man " the pennies,
but demanded (postulavit) five pennies for his advice^
(response). A lawyer never gives advice without pay.
12. The Young Shaver.
Glaucus, puer Corinthius, adultorum hominum morSs
semper indu6bat; nam togam virllem volgo gerebat et
saepe tondSbat mollis genas. Quondam intravit tabernam
praeclarl tonsoris, et magna voce®* "Tonde," inquit j
" meam barbam sine mora." Tonsor^ vir iocosus, parak
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 27
aquam; obducit mentum iuvenis spamft alba; cultrum
acuit; postrSmo vd.dit ad portam, habetque sermonem cum
amicis. PrimO Glaucus rem patienter toler^lbat; tan-
dem non continet iram, sed causam morae pdstul&vit.
" At," respondit tOnsor, " tuam barbam exspectO/'
Latlhfi responds.
1. Quorum mdr6s Glaucus semper induCbat ?
2. In cGius tabernam quondam intravit ?
3. Qualis (what kind) vir erat tOnsor? Quid fCcit
(did) ?
4. Cur (why) Glaucus n6n continet Iram ?
5. Quid erat causa morae ?
Latlh6 Bcrlbe.
A witty barber was shaving the soft cheeks of a Corin-
thian youth. First, he covered the boy's chin with
foam." Then he sharpened his razor. Finally he held
a conversation with [some] grown-up men.® " Wliat
are you waiting for ? " said the youth. " Your beard," "
replied the barber.
13. The Green Cheese.
Boeotus viator olim una cum CorinthiO et Ath6ni6nsl
noctu ambulabat. Mox comitSs ad rapidum flumen veni-
unt. Forte altus pons iungebat flGmen. Viatorfis ascen-
dunt pontem, et in aqua sub pedibus imaginem iQnae
vident. "Ecce," inquit Boeotus, "pulcher caseus in
aqua iacet. Ctir nos non praemium dfiportamus?"
28 A NEW GRADATIM.
Sine tdlotSl Boedtus manibus pontem tenet, et suspendit
corpus super aquam. Deinde Corinthius prehendit crura
amid. AthSniSnsis habet tertium locum et pedibus^
praemium captat. Turn exclamat BoeOtus, " V6s tenfite
firmiter mea crtlra, nam manas^^ darum lignum terit."
Simul laxat manas, et omn6s in aquam d6cidunt.
Latlhfi respondfi.
1. Quibuscum Olim ambul&bat Boedtus yiS.tor ?
2. Quid in aqud. sub pedibus vident viS.tOrSs ?
3. Quid dixit (said) BoeOtus ? Quid fecit (did) ?
4. Cuius crura prehendit Corinthius ?
5. Quid tum exclam&vit Boeotus ?
Latlh6 scribe.
A Corinthian and an Atheiiian were travelling at night
with a Boeotian."* Soon they came to a stream. They
saw the reflection of the moon in the water. The Boeo-
tian said, " Shall we not carry away that (ilium) beauti-
ful cheese ? " The Boeotian held fast [to] the bridge,"
and his companions seized his legs. Then the Boeotian
loosed his hold, and all fell into the water.
14. Wat Tyler.
Eicardus, adhtlc iuvenis, succfidit regno *® BritannCrum.
Mox erat gravis s6ditio plebis. Vir rasticus, nomine"
Figulus, s6ditiosam turbam duc€bat. lamque inggns ca-
terva intrSverat urbem Londinium, et omnia spoliabat.
Inde dum clv6*s claudunt tabernas et fugam tentant,
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 29
subito r^x iuvenis cum paucTs equitibus adest. Figulus
autem prohendit equi r6gis hab6n&s. Sine morft magister
equitum stringit gladium occlditque hominem audacem.
Statiin omn6s stlmunt arma tenduntque arctls. R€x
autem prOcfidit in medium. "Comitfis," inquit, "hic
iacet vester dux, nee umquam resurget. Dfipdnite tela;
ego posthac erd vObls dux."
LatXnfi respondfi.
1. Cul Eibardus, adhae iuvenis, succSdit ?
2. In quam urbem turba s^ditidsa intraverat ?
3. Quis, dum cIvSs f ugam tentant, aderat ?
4. Ctlr magister equitum Figulum occidit ?
5. Quis postbac erat dux ?
Latln6 scribe.
Tyler was a daring man. He had led a mutinous
band into London. While these were plundering the
city, the young king came up with a few companions."
Tyler seized the reins of the king's horse. A knight at
once slew the daring leader. Then the men laid down
their arms, and henceforth the king was their (to them)
leader.
15. Gruel Frederick.
Eredericus, puer crddSlis, non amSvit animS.lia ; saepe
divellsbat S.las muscS.rum et corpora formlcftrum acubus
transflgSbat. Aliquando vexabat Trai^num, suum canem,
saxis * et verberibus. Saepe pater Fredericum ita monuit :
"Cav6 canem, nonne dentfis habet actltos?" At puer
30 A NEW GRADATIM.
verba patris neglegit et mana caudam miserl canis tor-
quet. Dili Traianus rem patienter tolerat. Tandem
Iratus mordet dextram puerl. Fredericus multls cum
lacrimls patrem petit. "Cur tandem," inquit pater,
**meum consilium neglegSbas?"
Latins responds.
1. Cur Fredericus saepe divellebat alas muscarum ?
2. Quo modo puer crQdelis suum canem vexabat ?
3. Quis Fredericum saepe monuit ? Quibus verbis ?
4. Quid tandem f^cit canis Iratus ?
5. Num puer consilium patris posthac negleget ?
Latins scribe.
*
Cruel boys often tear off the wings of flies and twist
the tails of their dogs. Frederick used-to-annoy (impf.)
his dog Tray. Sometimes his father said, " The dog's
teeth are sharp, my boy ; *° take care." ^ At last the
angry dog bit the boy. Henceforth (posthac) he will
not disregard his father's advice.
The following Jive selections and eocercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Demonstrative pronouns.
(6) Indicative and imperative active of the third and
fourth conjugations.
16. The Standard.
Ricardus, rfix Britannorum, olim cum Solimano bellum
gerebat. Multos equites diversarum gentium, socios
adiutorSsque belli, habebat. Hi fortis regis timdbant
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 81
yirttLteni; sed superbiam parum am&bant. Eorte r6x
suum signum in alto et In&Ignl locd cdnstituerat. Id
mov^bat Iram sociOrum et nocttl signum divellunt. R^x
igitur, ubi repOnit signum, dfiligit ctlstddem loci equitem,
nomine Cennetum. Nee ille tantum honCrem rectlsat, at
laetus arma induit. Inde, etsi ipsi haudqu&quam hostem
tim^bat, canem fidClem vigiliae comitem advocSvit.
Latihfi respondfi.
1. QuOcum Eicardus, r6x BritannOrum, 6lim bellum
gerebat?
2. Ubi rfix suum signum cOnstituerat ?
3. Qui noctti signum divellunt ?
4. Quem ctlstOdem loci dfiligit rCx, ubi signum repOnit ?
5. Quem comitem vigiliae advocavit Cennetus ?
Latih6 Bcxlbe.
Eichard the king once placed his standard in a con-
spicuous position. During the night the allies tore down
the standard. This aroused the anger of the king. He
replaced the standard and chose a knight named * Ken-
neth to guard the spot (as a guard of the place), in
company with his faithful dog.*"
17. The Standard {continued).
Nox erat et iQna ser6no f ulg6bat caelo.*^ Ditl et vigi-
lanter Cennetus locum ctistodiebat. At subito canis
latratum edit. lam ipse audit l6nem sonitum. Statim
stringit gladium. At vox nota, "Dep5ne," inquit,
"telum; Cloelia, tua sponsa, haud procul ab hOc locO
82 A NEW GRADATIM.
te exspectat; veni igitur mecum celeriter." Stultus
eques fidSI immemor stationem dSserit ; relinquit tamen
canem ctlstddem locL Dum abest, clangorem armdrum
audit, deinde gemitum. Dolore*' furCns recurrit ad
locum. Eheu! signum abest, et fidSlis ctistds moribun-
dus iacet.
LatXnfi respondfi.
1. Quid Cennetus subitO audit, dum locum custOdit ?
2. Quid dixit vOx nOta ?
3. Quis fidei " immemor statiOnem deiserit ?
4. Quern custodem loci relinquit ?
5. Quid abest, ubi ad locum recurrit ?
Latlh6 scribe.
The sky was clear and the moon was shining. Sud-
denly Kenneth heard a well-known voice. " Come*' with
me," it said. "Do you not hear the voice of your
betrothed?" The foolish knight deserted his post.
While he was away the allies again (iterum) tore down
the standard and left the dog half-dead.^
18. The Standard (continued),
Paucos post dies Kicardus copias sociSrum recCns©-
bat. Dum ipse in rfigio solio sedet, principfis equitfis-
que cum multis milibus militum^ ante oculos regis
incedebant. Hand procul ab eo loco stabat Cennetus
cum cane fideli (is enim vir6s corporis recuperaverat).
lam duces singillatim regem salutabant. SubitO canis
cum saevo latratu equitem auro et ostro inslgnem ex
equo in pulverem deturbat. Comites cum clamOre
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 33
«
occurrunt. At rCx, " COnsistite," inquit, "amici; itlsta
68t poena, hic enim meum signum viold.vit/'
Latlnfi respondfi.
1. Quis paucos post diss cdpi&s socidnim rec^nsSbat?
2. Qui ante oculCs r6gis inc6d€bant ?
3. Nonne canis vlrfis corporis recuperaverat ?
4. Quern subitO canis ex equd in pulverem d6turbat ?
5. Quid dixit Eicardus r6x ?
Latins Bcxibe.
A few days afterwards, while the king was reviewing
the allies, he heard a savage bark. Suddenly the dog,
who (qui) had recovered his strength, dragged a knight
down from his horse. This was the man who had dis-
honored theking^s** standard. Was not his punishment
just?
19. The Siege of Calais.
Edvardus olim, r6x BritannOrum, urbem Gallicam
oppQgnabat. Did incolae c6piarum regis impetum
magna cum virttlte sustinuerant. Tandem, ubi nihil
cibi supererat, miserlque clv6s murfis et pell6s edebant,
cum r6ge d6 dSditidne aggbant. At rfix, propter tantam
hostium pertinaciam Iratus, saevas condicionSs pacis
imponit, mortemque duodecim principum postulat. Sine
mora duodecim virl s6 pro patria dfivovent. Inde
comites maesti funibus coUa amlcorum vinciunt eCsque
ad r6gem ducunt.
34 A NEW GRADATIM.
Lat&iS responds.
1. Quam urbem rSx Britanndnim oppagn&bat ?
2. Quo modd incolae impetom r6gis sustinuerant ?
3. QuandO (when) clv6s cum r6ge] d6 dMitidne
agebant ?
4. Quas condiciOnes p&cis impOnit Edvardus ?
6. Quot (how many) virl sS pr5 patria dSyoyent ?
Lat&iS Bcxfbe.
The inhabitants of a French city had long withstood
the attack of Edward, the king. At length no food*
remained in the city. Then the wretched citizens
begged-for (petiSrunt) peace." The terms were harsh,
for (nam) the king demanded the death of twelve
leaders. The citizens then led their unfortunate
comrades to the king.
20. The Siege of Calais (continued).
Eex inter nobil€s in praetorio sedebat. lamque
maesta turba civium captivos ad locum dtlcit, omnes-
que multls cum precibus ad ped6s victOris cadunt. At .
r6x durus preces eorum spernit Svertitque voltum.
Forte rgglna rem cognoscit; statim ad praetOrium
properat, suftsque lacrimas cum precibus civium iungit.
"Da mihi, r6x magne," inquit, "vitas horum fortium
virorum; nonne hi r6ct6 suam patriam def end6runt ? "
RSx primO precis non audit, tandem lacrimae uxoris
iram vincunt, poenamque captivis remittit.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 86
Latins responds.
1. XJbi sedebat r6x ? Quos clv6s ad locum dUxerunt ?
2. Ad cuius pedes cadunt captlvl ?
3. Cur precSs captivorum spernit? Quis forte rem
cognovit ?
4. Quibuscum su&s lacrimals itlnxit ?
5. Nonne lacrimae rgginae Iram regis vlcerunt ?
Lati!nS •crlbe.
The stern king scorned the prayers of the captives.
But the queen fell at his feet and said with tears, "
king,^° grant ^ me the lives of these captives. Hear my
prayers." At length the queen with her tears* and
prayers overcame the king's anger.
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Comparison of regular adjectives.
(5) Numeral and pronominal adjectives,
(c) Indicative and imperative active of verbs in -i5,
third conjugation.
21. The Babes in the Wood.
Duo olim erant . f ratres, VerrSs et Timon. Horum**
alteram gravis corripuerat morbus. Hic iam moribun-
dus fratrem ad lectum vocavit, eique^^ curam parvorum
llberorum mandavit. Ille multis cum lacrimls manda-
tum accipit, fidemque tinum annum integram servat.
Secundo tamen anno,^ quod liberi erant agrls nummis-
que^ dlvitissimi, patruus aurl avidus Insidias nepoti-
bus struebat. Itaque duos latrones ad se appellat.
86 A NEW GRADATIM.
" Interficite/' inquit, "clam hOs Infantes; vObIs ma-
gnum pondus argenti, pretium* caedis, dabd."
Latinfi responds.
1. Quis iam moribundus f rfttrem ad lectum vocavit ?
2. Quid el mandavit ?
3. Quam did fidem integram serv^bat ?
4. Ctir patruus secundO anno Insidi^s nepotibus struSbat ?
5. Quos ad sS appellavit ?
Latinfi •cribe.
A man named (nomine) Verres was at the point of
death. He called his brother to his bedside and said^
" I commit to you the care of my children." The brother
replied (respondit), " I accept the charge and will keep
my pledge unbroken." But, because the children were rich
and the uncle very covetous, he did not keep his pledge.
He secretly gave two robbers a great sum of money and
said, " Will you not kill these children ? "
22. The Babes in" the Wood (continued).
Postridie Timon mala fraude ** nepotfis ad se advocat.
" Hodie," inquit, " viclnae urbis incolae f 6rias agunt ; hi
igitur 6x meis servis^ fidelissiml, deliciarum causa '^ et
voluptatis, vos ad locum dacent." Simul manu* duo
latron^s ostendit. Liberl magno cum gaudio discfidunt,
et iam animo mille laetitias praecipiunt. Mox autem
viator^s ad d€nsam silvam, locum ad caedem aptissimum,
veniunt. Forte tinus ex latronibus alterO* erat moUior.
Huius pectus grata vox llberorum l6niverat. Hic igitur,
ubi ad locum veniunt, non modo factum abnuit, sed etiam
sua manu comitem crtideliorem interfecit.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 87
Latins responds.
1. Quern ad locum latrdn^s llberds daxSrunt ?
2. NOnne llberl magno cum gaudi6 discessfirunt ?
3. Quails erat tlnus ex latronibus ?
4. Quid pectus latrOnis Ifinlverat 7
5. Quid fecit latrd mollior^ ubi vlatOrds ad silvam
densam yenerunt ?
Lati!nS •orlba.
The next day he called the children to him and intrusted
them (eSs) to the robbers.^^ These led the children to a
dense wood. The place was most suitable for murder.
It-happened-that the children had softened the heart of
one of the robbers with their pleasing talk* (voce). He
therefore slew his cruel companion.
23. The Babes in the Wood (continv£d).
Liberl gladiis et crudre perterriti lacrimas effundunt.
Victor tamen timorem mulcet, eOsque in dSnsiOrem sil-
vam dticit. " Hic," inquit, " manete, dum ipse absum ;
mox v6bls placentas lactis que cOpiam reportabo." Simul
a loco disc6dit. TTnam horam liberi sine timore floras
silvestrSs undique carp6bant. Mox quod fames corpora
premfibat reditum latronis miserfi cupi6bant. FrUstra
tamen htlc illuc currunt, et omne nemus maesto clamdre
implent, n6md enim questus eonim audit. Tandem fessi
curstl et fame*^ languidi s6 sub arbore deiciunt. Mors
benigna celeriter finit labOrSs, nee de6rat honor sepulcrl,
parvae enim avSs corpora f rondibus * tenerls t^x^runt.
38 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins responds.
1. Qu& tQ llberl lacrim&s effundebant ?
2. Quem in locum victor eos duxit ?
3. Cur liberi reditum latronis cupi^bant ?
4. Ubi tandem fessi cursu et fame languidi 86 d€i6-
cerunt ?
5. Qui corpora t6x6runt, ubi mors benigna labdr€s
finlvit ?
Lati!nS Bcrlbe.
The robber soothed the frightened children. Then he
went away. While he was gone, the children ran hither
and thither and filled the wood with their complaints."
But no one heard their sorrowful cries. At last death,
kinder than the robbers," ended their sufferings, and the
birds covered their little bodies with leaves."
24. The Pied Piper.
Hamelinam, urbem pulcherrimam, vex£lbat olim dira
pestis ; mtirium ^ enim innumerabilis multitude non modo
omnia d3vord.bat, sed etiam infantSs, dum iacent in cunis,
oppugnabat. Incolae omnia consilia frustra tentaverant ;
denique magnum pondus argent! pr5ponunt, totlus generis
exit! pretium. Hoc ipso tempore " vir, picta veste ^ insl-
gnis, intravit urbem laboremque suscipit. Statim magna
caterva eum ad forum dedticit. Htic ubi pervenit ad vena,
ex sinu tibiam parvam detrahit paucosque modos fingit.
Vix id carmen cessaverat, ubi mirum prodigium 6venit,
undique enim ad sonum ingenti tumultH mtlrfis concur-
runt. Prlm5 consistunt, deinde omn6s, albl, nigri, sen6s,
iuvenfis ad mod(5s tibiae saltant. Postrfimo lino impetu**
in flumen 6 conspectti d6siliunt.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 39
Latins responds.
1. Quid Hamelmam, urbem pulcherrimam, Olim vexSr
bat?
2. Quid dgvorabant murgs ?
3. Quis hoc ipso tempore urbem intravit ?
4. Quid 6v6nit, ubi ad vena paucos modos finxit ?
5. Qui ad modos tibiae saJtabant ?
LatmS Bcxfbe.
Once-upon-a-time a countless multitude of mice** be-
sieged a beautiful city. The inhabitants offered a large
amount of money as a reward for the destruction** of the
mice. By chance a stranger had entered the city. When
he had played a few measures on his flute,** the mice ran
together from all sides. Then they all danced to the
music and, with-one accord,^ leaped into the river.
25. ,The Pied Piper (continued),
Primo elves rem vix credunt; deinde ingenti laeti-
tiae ^' s6 dsdunt. lamque tiblcen sul laboris praemium
postulat. At civ6s iam periculi expertes fidem ingrati
violant, et magnam partem argent!^ retinent. Itaque
iratus iterum tibiam corripit, alterumque carmen pri-
ore* pulchrius fundit. Protinus ex omnibus domibus
magna puerorum. virginumque caterva virum cingit.
Inde tibicen, dum illi choros laetissimos agunt, omnes ad
proplnquum montem deducit. Tum miseri parentes rem
terribilem vident:; nam ipse dehiscit mons et immenso
hiatu ^ totam manum accipit.
40 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins responds.
1. Quid iam tiblcen pdstul&vit ?
2. QuO modo clv6s fidem violavfirunt ?
3. Quid evSuit, ubi tiblcen alterum carmen f tldit ?
4. Quo (whither) omn6s llberOs d^dtixit ?
5. Quam rem terribilem parentis miserl vlderunt ?
Latins aorlbe.
When the piper asked for his reward, the ungrateful
citizens kept back a part of-the-money.** Then the angry-
piper played a more beautiful tune. Immediately all
the boys and girls of the city gathered around the piper,
who (qui) led them to a large mountain. The mountain
opened and received them all.
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) Relative pronouns.
(6) Passive of conjugations I. and II.
2^. The Lighthouse.
In edr parte Britanniae, quae ad septentrionSs spectat,
litus undique rtipibus asperrimis continfitur. Incolae
igitur, quod ibi multae naves nauf ragium f 6c6runt, turrim
altissimam, quae pharus appellatur, quadam in rtlpe
aedificavSrunt. Hanc turrim habitabant senex et filia
eius parva, qui noctH semper incendebant lucemam, cuius
lumen saepe nautas d€ perlculO praemon6bat. At non-
numquam vis tempestatis laborSs nautarum exsuperat, et
navis Inf 6llx aut sub undis s6 mergit, aut scopulls " crti-
delibus adfllctatur.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 41
Lal^S responds.
1. Ubi litus undique rupibus asperrimis continfitur ?
2. Quid igitur incolae qu&dam in rupe aedific&v6runt ?
3. Qui banc turrim babitS,bant ?
4. Quid saepe naut&s d€ perlculd praemonebat ?
5. Qua r6 (wby) naves ndnnumquam scopulls crtideli-
bus adfllctabantur ?
Lat&ifi Bcxfbe.
Bough rocks bound that part of Britain which faces
the north. A lighthouse was once (Slim) built by
the inhabitants of that shore. A lamp was always
. lighted at night by an old man^ and his daughter,
who lived in the lighthouse. Sailors were often fore-
warned of danger by the light* of the lamp. Some-
times, however, a ship was overcome by the storm
and dashed upon the rocks.^^
27. The Lighthouse (continued).
Fufirunt 6lim multos di6s^* continuae tempestat6s;
tandem di6s tranquillus succSdit. lamque procul 6 turri
ctlstdd€s magnam aspiciunt navem, quae in scopulls
haeret; mox etiam paucos vident nautas, qui manibus*
signa dant, auxiliumque petunt. Tum virgS animosa
cum patre parvam scapham deducit, et r6mls v6lisque
navem ambo petunt. Undique ingentfis flucttis surgg-
bant, vix enim cessaverat prScella ; nullo tamen perlculO
illl terrentur, sed 6 morte nautas gripiunt, omnfisque
ttltds ad turrim reportant.
42 A NEW GRADATIM.
LafSnS responds.
1. Quid 6lim cflstod^s 6 turri asp6x6ruiit ?
2. XJbi erat nftvis ? Qui in nave erant ?
3. Quid virgO animosa dedtixit ? Quid petiit ?
4. Kum virgo ingentibus fldctibus territa est ?
5. Qui a virgine 6 morte 6reptl sunt ?
•
Latins Bcrlbe.
Once there had been a storm for many days." Far off
upon the rocks ^ a ship was seen. The few sailors who
were on the ship were making signs with their hands.*
A small boat was brought down to the shore by the
brave girl ^ and her father. No danger frightened them.
The sailors were all rescued and brought safe to the
shore.
28. The Snowstorm.
Pastorl*^ culdam duo erant filil, Brutus et Ner6. Hic,
puer actitus, a parentibus praecipue amabatur; ilium
tamen anius seniorem omnSs stultum existimabant. Hi
6lim cum cane suo aliquas pet^bant ovfis, quae per
montfis dgvios erraverant. Forte dum procul a casa
patema absunt, eOs opprimit nox; simul nix cr6bra
omnia operiebat, et spem redittis gripuit. Tandem fessi
labore sub saxo ingenti s6 proiciunt mortemque exspec-
tant. Tum Briitus 6 coUo fratris taeniam, donum matris,
detrahit, eaque cervlcem canis circumdat ; " Age," inquit,
" patrem pete."
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 43
Latins responds.
1. Quot fflii erant p&stdrl culdam ?
2. Quis erat acHtus ? Quis stultus exlstimftbfttur ?
3. Per quos olim aliquae ov6s erraverant ?
4. Quid spem redittis firipuit 6 puerls, qui ovfis pete-
bant?
5. Quid Brtltus 6 collO fr^tris detrftxit, dum mortem
exspectant ?
Latins acrlbe.
Brutus and Kero were the sons of a shepherd. The
parents were especially fond-of the latter (hie)," because
he was very intelligent. The former (ille), however, was
regarded as foolish. Once the boys were overtaken by
night,* while they were wandering over the mountains.
All hope of a return was taken away by the thickly fall-
ing snow. Then the tired boys threw themselves under
a great rock. Brutus tied a ribbon around the neck " of
his dog and sent him home.
29. The Snowstorm (continried).
Interea, quod pueri nSndum revfinerant, ing€ns sol-
licitQdo pastoris animum agitabat. Subito latratum
audit canis; portam aperit; videt canem, qui taeniam
sul fill gerebat. Hanc ubi vir agnOscit sine mora facem
accendit, et cum cane fidell, duce • viae, tandem ad ipsum
pervenit scopulum, sub qu6 pueri iac6bant. Hic vgro
triste spectaculum visum est ; KerO enim, quem frater
suo pallio texerat, placide dormiebat, at Brutus, qui
suum corpus hoc modo nudaverat, saevo geltl rigebat;
44 A NEW GRADATIM.
nam puer fortis, quern propter sSgnitiam omn^s d€rid&
bant, Yltam suam f ratrl condonaverat.
Latins responds.
1. Quid intered, p£lstdris animum agitS,bat ?
2. Quid subito audlvit ? Quid fecit? Quid vidit ?
3. Quo (whither) p3,stor cum cane fidsll tandem per-
v^nit ?
4. Quod spectaculum triste ibi vIdit ?
5. Konne erat Brtltus fortior quam Ner6 ?
LatXnS •cxfbe.
The shepherd's ** mind was troubled because the boys
had not returned. Suddenly the barking of a dog was
heard. When the door was opened, the ribbon was im-
mediately recognized. When, with the dog® as his
guide,* the father arrived-at the rock,^ he beheld a sad
sight. Nero was covered with his brother's cloak, but
the body of Brutus was stiff with cold.*' Thus Brutus
gave his own life for his brother.
30. A Noble Action.
Philippus, eques Britannicus, alios equites fortitti-
dine ® animi corporisque viribus aequabat ; omnfis tamen
comitate et mansuetudine superabat. Forte BritannI
cum Hispanis bellum gerfibant, atque equitfis utriusque
exercitus fer6 cottidianis pugnis vir6s exerc6bant. Ali-
quand5 dum urbem quandam Britanni opptignant,
Philippus cum panels comitibus magna manu hostium
circumdatus est. Did et acriter nostri HispSnorum
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 45
impetum sustinebant. Tandem Philippus iaculd graviter
Yolneratus est. Post pagnam dum comit6s maestl
Philippum moribundum ad castra reportant, aliquis el
galeani aquae plSnam dedit. lUe autem, etsi sitis fauc6s
larSbaty mlliti, qui ndn procul iacebaj; avidlsque oculls
aquam lastrabat, pOculum dedit; '^Ndnne htdus vol-
nera," inquit, " graviOra sunt mels ? " *
Latins raipondS.
1. Quis comit&te et mansuettldine omnSs superftbat ?
2. Qu5 modo equitfis vlr6s exerefibant ? Quibuscum ?
3. Quis aJiquandd circumdatus est? Qud graviter
volneratus est ?
4. Dum Philippus ad castra reportatur, quid aliquis
el dedit ?
6. Cul (to whom), etsi sitis fauc6s Hrebat, aquam
dedit ?
Latins Bcrlbe.
There was once a British knight named (nOmine)
Philip. Although no one (n6m6) equalled him in cour-
tesy " and gentleness, yet he was not surpassed by the
other knights® in bravery. One day Philip and his
comrades were surrounded by the Spaniards, and Philip
was severely wounded. As he was being carried back to
camp, a helmet full of water ^ was given to him. Al-
though he was at the point of death, he gave the water
to a wounded soldier.
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
46 A NEW GRADATIM.
(a) Comparison of adjectives (irregular).
(b) Indicative and imperative passive of the third and
fourth conjugations.
31. .The Ugly Duckling.
IngentI aliquando gaudiO compl^bantur incolae ctiius-
dam fundi, galllna enim ex Ovis pullos nuper excluserat.
TTnum tamen ex ovis, quod grandius erat ceteris; adhuc
integrum manebat. Tum p3,vd, qui md.ximus n3.tu ^ erat
omnium, his verbis gallinam admonet. " lam satis labo-
ravistl ; tandem inutile istud ovum d6sere/' At galllna
pertin£lx consilium p3,vonis non audit, multosque inde
dies " in locQ manet. Dgnique post tantum laborem parit
pullum, qui c6ter6s magnitudine^ quidem corporis supera-
bat, sed specie et forma longS Inferior videbatur ; nam
erant ei ^ turp6s pedes, d6f orme corpus, collum procSrum.
Latinfi re9pondS.
1. Qui ingenti aliquando gaudio complebantur ?
Quam ob rem ?
2. Quid adhuc integrum mangbat ?
3. Quibus verbis pavo gallinam admonuit ?
4. Num galllna consilium pavonis audlvit ?
6. Nonne pull us quern galllna post multos dies peperit
(perf . of pario) ceteros superabat ?
Latm6 scribe.
On a certain farm*^ were many chickens that® had
recently been hatched. One of them was larger than
the rest.* Its body was uglier and its neck was longer.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. . 47
The hen that hatched this chicken was advised by the
X)eacock ® thus (ita) : " Abandon ^ that useless chicken."
But the hen did not listen-to the peacock.^^
32. The Ugly Duckling (continued),
Diu in hoc fundo anaticula turpis vltam Infellcem
agebat; n6mo enim el^'favfibat. Galllnae quidein cum
p&vdnibus miseram volucrem spern^bant, quod aquam
ita amd^vit. AnatSs autem et Anser^s dtlrls rdstrls adve-
nam suSl aqud,^ depell€bant. Tandem maesta et InfSlIx
a fundo in locum d€sertum effUgit, quft sdla tOtam hie-
mem habitd.bat. At vfire^ novd ad lacum advenit, in
quo multl c^gnl natflbant. His duo puerl frtlsta pSnis
ia<3tS.bant. Tum ilia, quod iam mortem optd^bat, ad
c^gnos ipsa nat&vit, flexitque caput ad Ictum rdstrorum.
At attonita suam imd^ginem, quam aqua reddSbat, vldit ;
audivitque vocem puerOrum, qui cygnum ceteris" pul-
chriorem laetl accipiebaut. Anaticula enim turpis graci-
lis cygnus ev&serat.
Lal&S responds.
1. Ctlr anaticula turpis vltam Infgllcem ag6bat ?
2. Qu6 tandem maesta et Infelix effagit ?
3. Quem ad locum v6re novo adv6nit ?
4. Cur caput ad Ictum rostrorum flfixit ?
5. Quid in aquft attonita vidit ? Quid audlvit ?
Latins Bcxfbe.
The unhappy duckling remained f or-a-long-time on this
farm. It was despised by the hens^ because it loved
the water. It was driven-away from the water ^ by
48 A NEW GRADATIM.
the ducks and geese. At last it escaped. In the early
spring, while (dum) the duckling was swimming in a
pond, it happened (forte) to see its reflection in the
water. The water gave back the likeness, not of an
ugly duckling, but of a beautiful swan.
33. The Touch op Gold.
Midas, rex Phrygiae, quod 6lim BacchO** placuerat,
egregiO mtlnere a de6 dSnatus est. " Dfilige, r6x magne,''
inquit deus, "id quod maxim© cupis; h6c tibi libenter
dabo." Turn vir avarus mirum donum impetravit, omnia
enim quae suo corpore ^ tangSbat in aurum mtltata sunt.
PrOtinus r6x laetus r6giam domum percurr^bat, manaque
vasa, mensas, lectos, omnia tangebat. Inde ubi nihil
lignl ^ aut argent! in aedibus manebat, gratias prd tanto
beneficio Baccho persolvit. Tandem labore fessus c6nam
poscit, avidisque oculis dap6s splendidas lustrat. Mox
tamen ubi piscem ad os admovet, cibus in aurum statim
mtitatus est ; r6x igitur, cuius in faucibus rigida haerfibat
massa, vinum pOscit; idem fivenit. Tandem r6x esu-
riSns, quod nihil pec edebat nee bibfibat compluribus
diebus,** maximis precibus Bacchum 6rat. Inde cum
risu deus fatale donum amovet.
LalihS responds.
1. Quam ob rem Midas munere * a deo dOnatus est ?
2. Quid impetravit r6x avarus ?
3. Quam ob rem gratias Baccho persolvit ?
4. Ubi rex cibum et vinum ad os admovit, quid 6v6nit
(happened) ?
5. Cur maximis precibus Bacchum orabat ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 49
Latinfi lorlbe.
Once upon a time ^idas did Bacchus " a favor. The
god said, "What do you most desire?" The king
replied, " I desire a marvellous gift, for everything that
I touch shall be turned into gold." The god gladly
granted him the gift. Straightway the avaricious king
runs about through the palace and touches tables,
couches, and vases. All are changed to gold. But at
last he is hungry. Alas (6heu) ! the food and wine are
changed to gold. At length the fatal gift is taken away
by the god.*®
34. A SCAPB-GOAT.
Yolp^s siti^ns, quae desiluerat in puteum hand ita
altum sed lateribus^ praeruptis, postquam omnem rati-
6nem fugae frustra tentaverat, ab omnI sp6 reditas inter-
clusa est. Mox tamen caper, qui aquam pet6bat, quod
4 fervidi solis redil agros- Hrebant, ad eundem puteum
advgnit. " Salv6," inquit, " dulcissima, nonne aqua ista
f rigida est et iucunda ? " " At numquam iacundiorem
bibi," respondit volp6s, "dgsill igitur quam celerrimg,
ego enim iam ditl parcO aquae,^® quod t6 exspecto." Hoc
ubi audlvit stultum animal, in puteum dSsiluit. At vol-
p6s callida in cornua amIcT prosiluit, quorum opera s6
ad terram sublevavit. Inde miserl amici immemor
domum discessit.
Latinfi responds.
1. In quid volp6s siti6ns desiluerat ?
2. Quis ad eundem puteum adv6nit ? Quid dixit ?
3. Quid respondit volp6s ? Quid f 6cit caper ?
50 A HEW GRABATDi.
4. Qad modo volp^ 6 pated effagit ?
5. Qaod animal erat stultins, caper an (or) volpes ?
A fox once (quondam) jumped into a welL . The well
was not deep, but the sides were steep. The poor fox
tried in. yain eyery means of escape. By-and-by a
thirsty goat came to the well. ^^ Hello/' said the crafty
fox, ^^you haye neyer drunk sweeter water than this."
Jump down- and drink.'' When the foolish goat had
jumped into the well, the fox sprang out (exsiluit) with
the aid* of the goat's horns and went home.
35. The Effect of a Faix.
Indi, qui orfts maris austrSlis incolebant, etsi multa
erant et noya anim&lia in suis finibus, equorum genus
nondum cognoyfirunt. Hi igitur cum primum bellum
gess6runt cum Hisp&nis, qui ex equls plSrumque ptl-
gn&bant, noyo spect^uld quam md,xime territi sunt.
Equum enim cum sud equite tlnum animal putd.bant.
Primo impetu banc ob causam ab equitibus perturbatl
sunt, breyi * tamen, quod copiae suae multo plur6s erant,
proelium renoyabant. Dfinique quidam ex Hisptols,**
cuius equus a funditore yolneratus est, super caput
animalis effusus est Is igitur pedes pugnabat At
Indl, ubi ex to6 animall duos hostfis yiderunt, perterriti
terga yertemnt.
Latins rsBpondfi.
1. Quod animalium genus Indl nondum c6gn6y6runt ?
2. Qu6 modo Hispani plerumque pagnabant ?
3. Quam ob rem Indl primo impetu perturbatl sunt ?
-^
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 51
4. Quam ob rem quidam ex Hispanis super caput ani-
maJis effusus est ?
5. Quid f^cSrunt Indl, ubi ex uno animdJi duds hostSs
viderunt ?
Latinfi Borlbe.
The shores of the South Sea were formerly inhabited
by Indians, who had no knowledge of horses.^^ They
were greatly frightened therefore when they first saw
the Spaniards, who fought on horseback ; for horse and
rider were regarded as one animal. Finally a slinger
wounded one of the horses," and the animal threw his
rider. Then the Indians fled in terror.
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) The indicative and imperative passive of verbs in
-is, thii'd conjugation.
(6) The infinitive active of the four conjugations,
(c) Also possum, Yol5, n5l5, mal5.
36. A Breach of Discipline.
Frederlcus, Germanorum r6x, quod ab hostibus pre-
m@bS,tur, saevissimS* discipline. militSs cohibSbat. Hex
saepe noctu solus per castra ambuld^bat, et ipse custdd€s
in stationibus disponebat. Aliquando dum more^ suo
castra perltistrat, videt lucernam quae in tabernaculo
finitimo ardebat. Rex igitur, qui maxima Ira mov^batur,
quod Ignem militibus'* interdixerat, silenter tabemacu-
lum intravit. Hie miles epistulam scribebat ad uxorem.
Dum multls verbis dura perlcula belli, suam salutem,
52 A NEW GRADATIM.
amdremque constantem nd,rrat, subitd r^gem Ir£ltuin
ftspicit. Turn r6x, '' Iterum epistulam repete, haec tamen
adde ; yal6, carissima, cr9s enim ego quia imperatori
male parui, capitis*' damnabor."
Latins roBponde.
1. Qua r6 rSx Germ anorum saevissima disciplina milit^s
cohibebat ?
2. Quid aliquando vidit, dum nocta per castra ambulat ?
3. Quid f aciebat miles qui in tabemaculo erat ?
4. Quern subitd asp^xit, dum dUra pericula belli
narrat ?
5. Quid dixit r6x Iratus ?
Latinfi scxTbe.
While a German king was walking through his camp
at night, he saw a tent in which a lamp was burning.
Now (autem) the king had prohibited lamps. He there-
fore silently entered the tent and saw a soldier who was
writing a letter to his wife. The soldier suddenly saw
the angry king. " Add this to your letter," " said the
king : " Farewell, my dear wife. I have disobeyed the
king, and he has condemned me to death." ^
37. A Bull's-eye.
Loxias, quod vltam in silvls semper d6g6bat, omnes
alios sagittarios superabat. Saepe lupos aquilasque
volucribus sagittis transfigSbat, nee umquam f rustra ab
eo telum missum est. Forte incolae urbis proplnquae
ludos soUemnes celebrabant. Primum quadrlgas agita^
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 53
bant iuven^s, deinde ptignls certabant, postrSmd certamen
sagittdxidrum institutum est. Did Loxi&s, qui cum
ceteris decertare ndluit, s6 a certftmine abstinuit, nee
areum ab umerls amOvit. DSnique. quidam ex rSgils
sagittarils, cul^ nOmen erat Hubertus, sive cflstl, seu
quod ventus el ^' favSbat, mediam mStam sagitta trans-
fixit. Turn dSmum Loxias areum tendit, et sud t^lC
sagittam HubertI in duas partes findit. Ing6ns ad caelum
tollitur clamor^ omnSsque Loxian victCrem saltltant.
Latinfi respond^.
1» Qua r3 Loxias omn6s alios sagittarids superabat ?
2. Quid forte incolae urbis proplnquae f aci^bant ?
3. Quis diu a certamine abstinuit ?
4. Quis d^nique mediam m6tam transflxit ?
5. Quid d^nique Loxias f 6cit ?
Latins scribe.
Loxias was an archer who never discharged an arrow
in vain. He happened once to be in a city where games
were being celebrated by the inhabitants. At first he
determined to hold himself aloof from the contest of
archers. At last, when the centre of the target had
been pierced by an archer ® named Hubert, Loxias drew
his bow and clove Hubert's arrow in twain. The citizens
raised a great shout and saluted Loxias as victor.^
38. The Weather-wise Donkey.
Ludovlcus, r6x GallOrum, fidem maximam habebat ei
generi hominum, qui astrologi vocantur, quod motu
stellarum imbrfis ventosque praedicere solent. R6x, qui
64 A NEW GRADATIM.
multum in Y€nd,ti5nibus erat, aJiquandd dum md,gnuiii
cervum canibus per silvas agitat, celerl equo longg ante
omn^s socios praetervectus est. Intered. caelum nubibus
obscOratur, gravisque imber cum multa grandine in ter-
ram decidit. R6x igitur, quod parvam casam inter
arborgs videt, tempestatis perfugium petit. Turn ubi is
graviter incusabat indoctos ill5s astrologos, " Nulla tamen
tempestas," respondit agricola caius casa erat, "m6 incau-
tum excipit ; semper enim mens asinus, qui frugSs borti
ad forum portare solet, voce rauca imbrem mihi prae-
dlcit." "Nimirum," cum risti respondit r6x, "si tuus
asinus tam bonus astrologos est, meos astrologos postbac
in numero asinorum habebo."
LatinC reapondfi.
1. Cul generi hominum fidem maximam habSbat rSx
Gallorum ?
2. Quid aliquando 6v6nit (happened), dum rex ma-
gnum cervum canibus per silvas agitat ?
3. Ubi rex tempestatis perfugium petiit ?
4. Quos r6x graviter incusabat ? Quid respondit agri-
cola?
5. Quos r6x posthac in numero asinorum habebat ?
Latinfi scribe.
King Louis, who had great faith in astrologers, once
sought refuge from a storm ** in a farmer's cottage. The
astrologers were roundly scolded by the king because
they had not foretold this storm. The farmer replied,
"I am never caught unawares, because my donkey is
^^
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 65
wont to foretell the storms." The king replied, " Your
donkey is an astrologer, and my astrologers are donkeys."
39. How TO PLEASE EVEBYBODT 1
Senex quidam, qui asinum vfindere voluit, cum filis
eum ad urbem dticSbat. Mox occurrunt chord virginum,
quae dona ad templum Minervae portabant. " Hercle,"
inquit ex his maxima n&tu, '^ numquid potest esse stultius
illis,* qui pedibus* iter faciunt, nee asinS vehuntur ? "
Hoc ubi audlvit senex, filium asinum cOnscendere itlssit,
et ipse alacrl gresstl ** iter perggbat. N6n procul ab eo
locd aliqul senSs sermOnem inter s6 ser^bant. Tum tinus,
"Eheu," inquit, "quantum tempora mtltantur! Ubi
nunc est ille senecttitis proprius honor ? dfisill ex asino,
puer impudSns, et patrl c6de." Inde iuvenis, quem pudor
fact! iam movet, celeriter id quod sibi imperfttum est
facit, senexque invicem asinum cQnscendit.
LatinC respond^.
1. Cur senex asinum ad urbem ducSbat ?
2. Cul mox occurrgrunt pater et fllius ?
3. Quid dixit virgd quae mSxima nd«tti erat ?
4. Qui nOn procul ab eo loco sermonem inter s6 ser6-
bant ?
6. Quid tum iuvenis fecit ? Quam ob rem ?
Latihfi scribe.
A bevy of girls met an old man" and his son, who
were leading a donkey to the city. " my ! " said one
of the girls, "how (quam) stupid those fellows are!
Why don't they ride on the donkey ? " • When they
56 A NEW GRADATDL
heard thisy the son mounted the donkey and they went
on. Soon they met some old men, one of whom said,
^' Alas, there is now no respect for old age.'' ^ Then the
boy, who was moved with shame,* gave place to his
father.
40. How TO PLEASE Evertbodt! (continued).
Forte via secundum flOmen dtic^bat, in quo duae
fSminae vestes lay&bant. Hae ubi YiS^tores vident, iQna
voce crad6lit&tem patris, filique durum labdrem plorant.
Senex igitur, qui omnibus^ plac^re vult^ puerum post s6
sedere iubet. Xec tamen ea r6s prosperfi 6venit, quod
alius viator els occurrit. " impudentiam nefandam ! "
inquit, ^'facilius potestis asinum ipsi vehere, quam yds
miserum animal." Tum senex, qui ne id quidem ineptum
put&bat, postquam cnlra asini f unibus ad magnum con-
tum vinxerat, novum onus cum maximd labore in suos
filique umeros sublevSvit. At asinus, cui *• haec minime
placebant, dum ponte flumen tr^nsmittunt, subitd nisii
vincula rumpit, et in aquam praecipit£ltur.
LatlnC respondfi.
1. Ubi viadacebat? Quid fSminae in flOmine faci©-
bant?
2. Quid fgminae una voce ploravfirunt, ubi viatOres
viderunt ?
3. Cur senex puerum post se sedere iussit ?
4. Num ea r6s omnibus placebat? Quid tum senex
fecit ?
5. Quid asinus, dum ponte flumen transmittunt, fecit ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 57
Latinfi sorlbe.
Presently the travellers saw two women, who were
washing clothes in a river. These with one accord be-
wailed the hard lot of the boy, because he was walking.
So the boy sat on the donkey '^ behind his father. Alas !
they did not now please everybody," for they soon met
another traveller," who said, "Why do you not carry
the poor donkey ? " So they tied the animal's legs to a
pole and raised him on their shoulders. Suddenly the
ropes were broken, and all were hurled , headlong into a
stream.
The foUomng Jive selections and exercises require a
knowledge of —
(a) The infinitive passive of the four conjugations.
(b) Also ferS, flQ, eQ.
41. The Inexhaustible Pubsb.
Die Di3.nae sacrO duo advenae sordid^ veste et specie
humill, cibum petebant ab Ephesils, qui templum deae
celebr&bant. TJbi ex tot divitibus n6m6 prec6s audire
voluit, pisc&t5rem pauperem, qui £lst&bat, auxilium rogdr
v6runt. "At," respondit ille, "est mihi nee cibus nee
argentum domi, quod continuae tempest&tes pisc6s J.
nostris dris iam dadum depellunt. Si tamen mScum
venire vultis, hanc noctem sub med tectd requiescere
poteritis." Inde adven&s, qi^ laetl beneficium accipiunt,
domum ad uxorem dacit. Ilia autem maesta, quod dlgno
hospitio advenfts non potest accipere, loculos vacuds,
inopiae signum, ostendit. SubitO ad terram decidunt
58 A HEW GRADATDL
assfis dna PiscStor mlrflciild attonitas Yinnm cibumqae
emit ; nee poeth&c dtliam paupertiUiem f erebat, numquam
enim loculls deSrant " dlTlnl asses.
1. Qui die Di&nae sacro cibum petebant ab Epbesils ?
2. Qiift re pisc&tdrem ** paaperem anxilinm ^ rogave-
nmt?
3. Qa& re erat pisc&ten ^ nee eibus nee ai^ntum domi ?
4. Quid evenit, nbi nxor p&c&tdris maesta advenls
loculOs vaeaOSy inopiae signum, ostendit?
5. Quid pisc&tor miracolo attonitus emit ?
A poor fisherman, who had been asked for food^ by
two strangers of humble appearance,'' replied, '^ I ^ have
neither food nor money, but you may (will be able to)
rest here (hic) during the night." He then conducted
them to his wife, who was sad because her purse was
empty. While (dum) she was showing the empty purse,
two coins fell to the ground. Henceforth there were
coins in the miraculous purse.
42. The Golden Loaf.
L^dCn, agricola pauper sed probus, aliquandd cum
filid edebat parvum p^nem, quern totlus diei mercede^
yix emerat. Dum puer dentibus suam partem p£lnis
frangit, compltlr6s nummi aurel, qui in cib6 occultl
erant, in gremium 6ius decidfirunt. Hoc ubi videt
puer, " Accipe," inquit laeta voce, " pater, hos nummds,
quOs deus aliquis tibi, paupertS,tis remedium, tribuit."
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 59
" Minim€, carissiiiie," respondit pater, " pectLniam potius
reddSmus pistorl, qi^, dum pdnem coquit, pectiniam cum
farina nescio qud castl zniscuit." Sine mora ambO ad
pistorem properant remque n&rrant. Tum ille, " Mftcte
yirttlte, Lydon; forttinam quam bene meruisti carpe;
hunc enim pftnem itlsstl regis el quern invGnl probissimum
libenter do.'*
Lattafi respondfi.
1. Quid invenit agricola in pdne quem emerat ?
2. Quid laet& vOce inquit puer ?
3. Cul agricola pecHniam reddidit ?
4. Quid inquit plstor, ubi agricola rem n&rr&vit ?
5. Konne L^don f ortilnam bonam meruit ?
Latinfi scribe.
Once a poor farmer bought a loaf-of-bread, in which he
found several gold coins. He was an honest man and
immediately returned the money to the baker who had
baked the loaf. The baker said, " I mixed this money
with the flour by order of the king. You deserve your
good fortune, because you are the most upright of men.'*
43. Hospitality.
Multa audivimus d6 luxti divitiisque eorum sacerdotum
qui sacris Cereris praegrant. Ex his tinus, cul ^ nomen
erat Lycus, quamquam modic^s modo dlviti£ls habebat,
omnSs alios benlgnitate et liberalitate super^bat. Hic
enim, qui cottidie cibum semel edebat, semper ad frtiga-
lem cSnam binds pauperis vocabat. Aliquando dum cum
duobus pauperibus c^nare incipit, tertius hospes, quem
ipse non vocaverat, domum intravit. Tum Lycus, quod
60 A NEW 6RADATIM.
cfina quattuor convlvis" n6n suppetsbat, suum lectum
advenae concessit. (KOmani enim, dum cenant, in lectis
semper iac^bant.) "Tu," inquit, "hodie cCna; equidem
herl c^navl; eras quoque, si dis** ita placet, c6nabo."
lAttae responds.
1. QuotiSns (how often) Lycus cibum edebat ?
2. Quds benlgnitate et llberSJitate superabat ?
3. Quot pauperis cottldiS ad frOgdlem cSnam vocabat?
4. Quis aliquandd, dum cum duobus pauperibus c^nare
incipit, domum iiitravit ?
5. Gul Lycus suum lectum concessit ?
. Latinfi scribe.
Have you heard about the priests who superintend the
sacred rites ** of Ceres ? While one of these was eating
a frugal meal, a poor man entered his house. Then the
priest, who was reclining on a couch, yielded his place to
the stranger, and said, " My dinner does not suffice for
two;** I wish (volo) you to dine to-day; I will dine
to-morrow."
44. Honesty is thb Best Policy.
Padius, agricola probus, qui multo labore aliquid
argenti" conl^gerat, vaccam tandem emit, cuius lacte
et s3 et liberos alebat. Complur^s m^nsSs satis pabull
praebebat pratum hand ita magnum; at media aestate,
quod tOtus ager ardore solis torrebatur, ilia fame miser6
pressa est. Hoc ubi s6nsit Padius, quod acerrimO dolore
perturbatus est, ad horreum divitis colon!, qui non procul
habitabat, nocttl accessit. Hic postquam umerds magno
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 61
f 6nl pondere oner£lvit, subitO suae virtHtis memor p&bulum
his verbis ad terrain d^iecit ; " Magna est probitfls, nee
maid fflrto vaccam servare vols." Postrldifi colCnus,
quern nee factum nee verba PadI fefellerant, ddnum ad
eum misit tantum f6nT, quantum plaustrd vebl poterat,
cum epistula, in qua haec scrlpta erant; ''Magna vGrd
est probitaSj equidem tamen tuam vaccam servare
vote."
lAttQfi reipondfi.
1. Qu5 mode Padius, agricola probus, s3 et llberCs
alebat ?
2. Quam ob rem vacca fame misere pressa est ?
3. Ad cuius horreum Padius noctH accessit ?
4. Quam ob rem agricola f 6num, quO * umerds onerave-
rat, ad terram d€i6cit ?
5. Quid coldnus ad agricolam probum postndi6 mIsit ?
Latlhfi BOxTbe.
A farmer and his children lived (were nourished) for
many months upon the milk* of a cow, for which a
small pasture furnished sufficient fodder. But when
the heat of the sun had parched the fields, the farmer
went by night « to a bam in which there was plenty of
hay.** He loaded his shoulders with hay,* but suddenly
threw it to the ground, because he-was-unwilling (nOluit)
to support himself by theft. The-next-day a great load
of hay was sent to him by the farmer, who had heard
alL
62 A NEW 6BADATIM.
45. Counting heb Chickens.
Phyllis, ancilla quaedam, mulctrarium novl lactis"
planum Ndlam " f er6bat Dum iter facit, su^s op6s ita
numerabat. "Cert6," inquit, "ubi lac v6ndider6, ova
compltira poterS emere. Nonne ex ovis gignuntur
pulll ? ex pullls argentum ? Turn suem emere in animo
est, quae brevi porculds multds mihi pariet Inde erit
mihi vacca ; nee multo post vitulus f usco colore," oculis
pulcberrimls. Quanta laetitia vitulum, dum saltat in
pratis, aspiciam ! " Haec ubi dixit, prae gaudid saltavit
ipsa, qud subito mOtU lac omne tlna cum divitiarum 8p6
efftlsum est.
Latinfi respondC.
1. Quid ancilla quaedam Nolam f er6bat ?
2. Qvid emere poterit, ubi lac vfindiderit?
3. Quid tum el in animd est ?
4. Qualis vitulus non multo post el erit ?
5. Qua r6 lac omne effasum est ?
Lattnfi scribe.
While Phyllis was carrying a pail of milk to the city,
she said, "I*^ intend to buy eggs with this milk.^
Chickens will be hatched from the eggs. I will sell
the chickens, and with the money will buy a pig or a
cow. Surely it shall be a cow. Before long a beautiful
calf will be leaping about on the meadow." As she said
this the milk-pail fell to the ground^ and the milk was
all spilled.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 68
Uie following Jive selections and exercises require a
knowledge of participles : —
46. The Bloodhound.
Bobertus, Scdtdrum rSx, vir et armls et yirtUte Insl-
gnis, bellum cum Britannls ndn prCsper^ primd gerebat.
Erant enim in castrls hostium complarSs ScOtI, qui ob
prlvatam inyidiam Britannls auxilium praeb^bant. Ex
his tlnus constituit rGgem capere per canem fidSlissimum,
quern ipse donum^ ab ed acc^perat Bobertus forte
maidribus hostium cOpils circumdatus suOs fugae causfl
in omn^s partes disc6dere iusserat ; ipse tamen cum Und
comite se in silv&s abdidit At hostSs cane ducti r6gis
perfugium facile invSnerunt. Hic autem l&trattl canis
admonitus per alveum flaminis duo mllia passuum ambu-
l^vit ; quo cdnsilid saevCs hostSs eltlsit. Canis enim; qui
vestigia domini terra cdgnoscere poterat, aqua omnind
falsus est.
Latinfi respondfi.
1. Quis 5lim bellum cum Britannls gerfibat ?
2. Qui Britannls auxilium praebebant ? Quam ob rem ?
3. Qud modd tlnus ex his r^gem capere cdnstituit ?
4. Qui Bobertum maidribus copils circumdeddrunt ?
5. Qud c5nsilid r6x canem et hostSs eltlsit ?
Latinfi BcxTbe.
The forces of Bobert, king of the Scots; were sur-
rounded by many enemies.® The king, whose comrades
scattered in all directions, found refuge in a forest with
a single companion. One of the enemy, who^ had a
64 A NEW GRADATIM.
dog, determined to capture the king. The dog easily
found the king's hiding-place. Robert, however, walked
for two miles ^^ along the bed of a stream and thus
deceived the dog.
47. The Bloodhound (continued).
Postquam du&s horfts in silv& d6nsissim& err&verant,
tandem r6x comesque fidslis tribus virls arm&tis specie^
ferOcI obviam Iv^runt. KSx tamen, etsi hds in stispicidne
habuit, fame cdnfectus hospitium datum non abnuit.
Inde ductus ad casam, quae hand procul aberat, benlgnd
acceptus est ft latrOnibus, qui tdtam ovem cdxSrunt, mSr
gnamque partem advenis dedSrunt. Post c6nam Eobertus
longd labore dsfessus somn6^^ s€ dedit. Gomes tamen,
qui a rSge vigilftre iOssus erat, gravi somno oppressus
officium Omlsit. Tum latronSs, qui ipsi somnum simu-
Iftverant, f tlrtim petebant cam partem casae qu& hospitSs
dormiebant.
Latins responds.
1. Quibus r6x comesque fidfilis obviam Ivfirunt ?
2. Quo rSx ft latrdnibus ductus est ?
3. Quis post c6nam somno s6 dedit ?
4. Quem r6x vigilftre itlssit? Quft r3 comes officium
Cmlsit ?
5. Qui somnum simulftverant ? Quam partem casae
furtim petebant ?
Latins Borlbe.
Not far away in a dense wood the king and his com-
panion came face to face with three robbers. These
kindly received the weary men and conducted them to a
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 65
cottage. The king, although he suspected the robbers,
nevertheless did not refuse the supper which the robbers
gave him.^^ After supper sleep overcame the tired
strangers. Then the guests were stealthily approached
by the robbers.*
48. The Bloodhoxtnd (continued).
Bex tamen, qui leviter dormiebat, 3 somnd*^ excit&tus
ft lect5 prCsiluit et postquam comitem suscitftvit, gladium
destrinxit. AtrOx inde certftmen factum est, r6x enim
gladio tlnum 3 latronibus trftnsflxit ; at comes Infellx
subitd impettl perturb&tus ft latrdnibus interfectus est.
Tum rfix Ira et dol6re incfinsus, quod gladium 6 corpore
latronis interfecti detrahere nOii poterat, face * ardenti,
quam S food corripuerat, alterius latrOnis caput 6llsit.
Quod ubi videt tertius, morte comitum perterritus fugam
tentavit. Nee tamen 6 perlculo fivasit, rfix enim iam
armatus gladio, quO occlsum latronem spoliaverat, hostem
fugientem mortall volnere cdnf Scit.
Latins responds.
1. Quis 3 somno excitatus a lecto prdsiluit? Quem
suscitavit ?
2. Quis a rSge transfixus est ? Quem latrCnSs inter-
f ecfirurit ?
3. Quam ob rem rSx Ira et dolore inc6nsus est ?
4. Quid fecit tertius latro, postquam rSx alterius caput
ellsit ?
5. Quem rSx gladiC, qud occlsum latrdnem spoliaverat,
mortall volnere cOnfficit ?
66 A NEW GRADATIlii.
LatlhS Borlba.
The king and his comrade^ aroused from sleep," sprang
from their beds and drew their swords. One of the
robbers was pierced by the king's sword.* The second
slew the king's unfortunate companion. The head of
this robber was crushed by a firebrand which the king
had snatched from the hearth. Then the third, as he
was fleeing in terror, was mortally wounded by the king.
49. A Disguised Monabch.
lacobus, rSx Scotorumi vir gl6riae" mllit&ris ayidus,
saepe sine Ullo comite errd,bat, veste suae fortHnae'' dissi-
mill inddtus. Olim dum per quandam silvam iter facit,
d6 imprOvisd ft tribus latronibus oppressus in m&ximum
capitis perlculum adductus est. At rtlsticus quidam, qui
ad clangorem armdrum occurrerat, sectlri armfttus r€gl
Yolneribus^ et labore paene cdnfect5 auxilium attulit,
fugftvitque latronSs. Turn ubi rasticus pr6 tant6 bene-
ficio praemium accipere ndluit, r6x "Saltem," inquit,
" red! mScum ad urbem, quft t6 dlgno accipiam hospitio,^
quod ipse apud r6gem habito."
LatlhS responds.
1. Quis olim per quandam silvam iter f aci^bat ?
2. 5. quibus d6 improvIsO oppressus est ?
3. Quis secdri armfttus r6gl auxilium attulit ?
4. Quid r6x rtistico pro tanto beneficiO dare voluit ?
6. Num rOsticus praemium accfipit? Quid tum r€x
dixit?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 67
Z«at&ii Boilb^.
The king of the Scots was once trayelling unattended
through a wood. Three robbers suddenly fell upon him."
The robbers were put to flight by a countryman armed '
with an axe.^ Then the countryman returned with the
king^ to the city, where he was given a hospitable
reception (was received with due hospitality).
50. Which is the Kino?
KtlsticuSi qui r6gem vidSre vald6 cupisbat, laetus cum
hospite Ignotd ad r^giam iter fScit. Post c6nam r6x
" Si vIs," inquit, '^ m^cum in alteram partem aedium Ire,
et r6gem et ndbil^s compltlr^s tibi ostendam.'' " MftximS,"
respondit rtlsticus, '^sed qud modd r6gem cdgndscere
poterS?" "Facile," respondit ille, "nam cfiterl sunt
capite ntld&td/^ r6x autem sOlus capite operto manet."
Inde splendidum ineunt atrium, ubi d.stant virl compltlrSs,
ostrd Insign6s et auro. Frtistrd. rusticus oculls rdgem per
totum coetum exquirit. Tandem ad comitem versus;
" Ex ndbis," inquit, " alter r6x necess&rid est, nam sOlI ex
tantd coettl capite stlmus opertd."
LatiiiS responds.
1. Quid rtlsticus valdS cupiebat? Qu6 cum hospite
IgnCtO iter f 6cit ?
2. Post c€nam qud rUsticus et r6x iv6runt ?
3. QuC mods rasticus rggem cQgnoscere potuit ?
4. Qui in &trid splendido erant ? Quid f 6c6runt ?
5. Quid tum rtllsticus dixit ?
68 A NEW GBADATIM.
Latins Boilb^.
After supper the countryman said, " I greatly desire to
see tlie king." His unknown companion replied : " We
will go to another part of the palace. There you will
see the king and his nobles. You will know the king,
because he alone will have his head*^ covered." Only
the king and his companion remained with heads covered.
Therefore the countryman said, " One of us must be the
king, for all the rest have their heads *^ bare."
The following five selections and exercises require a
knowledge of deponent verbs : —
51. The Lost Child.
In Africa procul ab Olio oppidO habitavit agricola
quidam, cul erant andecim llberl. Ex his maximus nattl
ovSs in montibus cflstddi6bat, c6terl tamen laborl adhtlc
inutilSs tdtum diem in agrls Itld^bant. Aliquandd mini-
mus, puer quattuor annOs natus, invenlrl nOn poterat, nee
post quartam di€i hOram a fratribus cdnspectus erat.
Postquam eum ubique quaeslv6runt et per aed^s et agrds
flnitimos, tandem parentis auxilium ab viclnls amicisque
peti6runt. Una cum his silvas, ferarum latebras, expld-
ravfirunt. Viclnl quidem sub vesperum vano labore fessi
domum discess6runt, at parentis miserl ferarum oblltl
totam per noctem in silvls man^bant.
LatiiiS responds.
1. Quot llberl erant agricolae culdam ? Quid maximus
natu ex his f aciSbat ? Quid c6terl ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 69
2. Quis edrum aliquaiid6 invenlrl non poterat. Quot
annos nd^tus est?
3. Ubi parentis eum quaeslvfirunt ? X quibus turn
auxilium petiSrunt ?
4. Ubi viclnl puerum quaeslvenint ? Num hi eum
invenire poterant ?
5. Qui sub vesperum domum discesserunt ? Ubi
parentis totam per noctem manebant?
Latins Borlbe.
There was once a farmer who lived in Africa. On one
occasion he was unable to find the youngest of his eleven
children. The other children had not seen their brother
since four o'clock. The neighboring forests were explored
in vain by the unhappy parents and their friends. At
evening the friends went home, but the parents sought
for the boy all night.
52, The Lost Child (continued).
Prima lace** viclnl regressi, postquam magnam did
partem " puerum frtistra quaeslverant, domum, ut antea,
discessfirunt. Forte ill6 di6 ifer v6nator, agricolae bene
notus, qui a loco distanti iter facisbat, ad fundum per-
vfinit. Neminem tamen intra domum invCnit praeter
anum caecam, quae prae senecttlte alids ad silvas sequi
non potuerat. Quam rem miratus causam ex ipsa petiit.
Inde d6 perlculo infantis certior factus parentis advocarl
iussit. Tum pallium puerl su5 cani ostendit. Hic autem
vestem odOratus eos ad dfinsiorem silvam addtixit, ubi
sub antlqua quercti puerum placid^ dormientem invSn^-
runt.
70 A NEW GRADATIM.
I^atlhS responds.
1. Quia secundd die ad fundum pervenit ? Quam intra
domum invfinit ?
2. Cttr anus alids ad silvfts ndn secata erat ?
3. D6 quO Y^nator certior f actus est ? Quds advocftrl
idssit ?
4. Quid suO cani ostendit ? Qud canis e6s addOxit ?
5. Ubi puerum inv6n6runt ?
LatlhS acxlbe.
The next day (postrldie), while the farmer and his
neighbors were searching for the boy," a hunter arrived
at the house. There was no one at home (dom!) except
an old woman who was blind. She informed the hunter
of the boy's peril. Then he called his dog and showed
him*' the boy's cloak. The dog, after smelling the
cloak, led them to an old oak in the dense wood. There
the boy was found calmly sleeping.
53. A Hard Baboain*.
Agricola quidam, vir dives atque Idem avftrus, dum
per agrOs errat, opSs divitidrsque sScum cdnslder&bat.
SegetSs quidem aristis, pomis arborSs onerfttae sunt^
stabula autem bdbus pinguibus iamentlsque abund&bant.
Ex agris domum" regressus, postquam aed6s intr&vit,
arcam, ubi numml conditi sunt, avidis oculls contempla-
batur. SubitS v6cem audivit dicentis, "Num auro"
divitilsque bene asus es ? " ^' Umquamne pauperis
eggnosque ctiravisti ? " Qua voce attonitus dum vitam
praeteritam rec6nset, occurrit pauper quidam, et aliquid
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 71
axgenti ^ ab e6 petiit " Id tibi libenter dabd," respondit
ille, '^ si YolSs meum sepulcrum diSs iioct6sque tr€s ctlr
stddlre." Quibus verbis pectLniam alterl tr&didit, et
statim S ylt& discessit.
LatSiiS responds.
1. Quid agricola av&rus, dum per agrds errat, s6cum
considerabat ?
2. Quibus^ segetj^s et arborSs onerfttae sunt?
3. Qud ex agrls regressns est ? Quid in aedibus con-
templ&b&tur ?
4. Quis, dum yitam praeteritam rec6iiset^ occurrit ?
Quid pauper ab e6 petiit?
5. Quot dies noct6sque pauper, postquam avftrus € Ylt&
discessit, sepulchrum cilstddiebat ?
ZiatliiS Boxlbe.
A rich but covetous farmer, whose trees were loaded
with fruit" and whose chest overflowed with money, was
one day reviewing his past life. Suddenly a voice said,
" You are rich, indeed, but you have not made good use
of your money." You shall die."
The farmer then said to a poor man who had asked
him for some money ,^ " Guard my tomb for three
days " and nights, and I will give you all my money."
54. A Habd Babgain (continued),
Inde pauper iustis ftlnebribus perfunctus, quod fidem
datam viold,re nOluit, per dud,s noctSs sepulcrum agricolae
custodidbat. Terti& tamen nocte Mors ipsa appdxuit
72 A NEW GRADATm.
ftlnebri veste indata, et corpus sibi trddl iOssit. Is
autem, etsi capilll prae mettl horrudrunt, prdmissi^ non
oblltus Mortem ita adlocdtus est. . '^ Equidenii Mors, hOc
cad&ver tibi conc6dam; repetd tamen pro t&ll mtlnere
tantum aurl quantum ex mels cothurnis alterum compl6-
verit." Mors nOa respuit condiciOnem. Inde dum haec
pectlniam arcessit, ille cultrd Imum cothurnum perforat.
Haud ita multd post Mors regressa nummorum saccum,
quem reportflvit, in cothurnum efftldit. Mir&ta quod
cothurnus ndndum compl6tus est, alterum saccum pridre
maiorem arcesslvit. Tandem postquam nS hic quidem
cothurnum compl^re valuit, dum tertium saccum arcessit,
sole oriente excepta necess&rid fugere co9<;ta est.
LatiiiS responds.
1. Quis terti& nocte ftlnebri veste indnta app&ruit ?
Quid itlssit ?
2. Quid respondit pauper? Kum mors condiciOnem
respuit ?
3. Quid f 6cit pauper, dum mors pectlniam arcessit ?
4. Quam ob rem saccus nummOrum cothurnum ndn
complevit ?
5. Quam ob rem mors fugere codx^ta est ?
Latins scribe.
On the third night** after the farmer died, Death
appeared and asked, the poor man for the body. The
latter replied : " I will gladly give you the body, but
do you first (primum) fill one of my boots with money."
The former did not reject these terms. While he was
bringing the money, the poor man cut a hole in the
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 78
bottom of his boot. Because the money did not fill the
boot, Death was compelled to bring a second and a third
bag. Then the rising sun forced him to flee.
55. Who killed the Cock?
Anus quaedam, quae hand procul Tarentd ab urbe
habitSvit, su&s ancill9.s ad galll cantum Q somno exci-
td,re solebat. Hae igitur quod a primd. liLce usque ad
occasum solis laborem sustinSre CQdx^tae sunt, gallum
malorum causam occldere cdnstitu6runt. Postero igi-
tur die sub vesperum, dum altera pedes galll utrd^que
manu retinet d^versftta, altera, quae paulo aud9.cior fuit,
caput avis infellcis securi percussit. Id tamen long6
aliter 6y6nit &c putd.bant. Postquam enim gallus inter-
fectus erat, anus, quae ad id tempus cantum eius patienter
exspectare solebat, ancill3,s nunc media, nocte, nunc primft
luce, semper tamen md,turius quam anted,, 6 somno excitdr
vit. Ancillae igitur, quae ita sd fefellerant, pr5 tanto
facinore dignas poenas persolv6runt.
Latinfi responds.
1. Quando (when) anus quaedam suas ancillas 3 somno
excitare solebat ?
2. Quid igitur ancillae facere constitugrunt ?
3. Quando gallum occiderunt ? Quo modo ?
4. Quando nunc anus ancillas 6 somno excitavit ?
5. Nonne ancillae dignas poenas persolv6runt ?
Latinfi scribe.
A Qcrtain maid-servant used to be aroused from sleep
at daybreak by the crowing^ of. a cock. She therefore
74 A NEW GRADATIM.
determined to kill tlie cock, and the next day she struck
off his head with an axe. She was now, however,
awakened by her mistress (doming) earlier than before.
Did not the foolish (stulta) maid-servant suffer a suitable
punishment ?
The follovnng Jive selections and exercises require a
knowledge of the gerund and supine : —
56. A Lesson* in Good Manners.
Lucius Celer, vir iocosus sed avSrus, qui multa ab
amicls accipisbat, nillld munere servos qui ddna fer6-
bant umquam donftvit. Aliquando servus quidam,
nomine ^ Lydon, domum ingressus ad ped6s avarl piscem
his verbis proificit, " Hunc tibi mens dominus mittit."
"Quid tamen," respondit Celer, "tu6 ingeni5* incultius
esse potest ? En ! tibi meam sSdem conc6d6 ; mox m3
imitatus tuo officio * melius fungi poteris." Tum Celer
humill voltti servum, qui iam ipslus s6dem occupabat,
aggressus; "Te," inquit, "vir optime, mens dominus
salvSre iubet. Hunc piscem omnium quds in staged
p^scit pinguissimum, t6 tamen vix dignum, dono dat."
" At," respondit Lydon, " tuo domino gratias ag6 habeo-
que ; tibi quoque pr5 labore duds nummos dare in animd
est." Quod ubi audit Celer, Scrl ingenio servl d€lectatus
trSs nummos el dedit
Latlnfi responds.
1. Qualis vir erat Lucius Celer ?
2. Quibus verbis aliquando servus quidam ad ped€s
avarl piscem proificit ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 75
3. Quail voltu Celer servum aggressus est? Quid
dixit ?
4. Quid respondit servus ?
5. Quot nummos Celer servo dedit ? Qua r6 ?
Latiafi scxfbe.
The friends of Lucius Celer sent him many gifts, but
the slaves who brought them never received any reward
from Celer, because he was a miserly man. One day a
slave brought a. fish and cast it at Celer's feet saying
(dlcfins), " My m5,ster ordered me to bring you this fish."
Celer replied, "You do not perform your duty* well.
Copy me." So saying (with these words) he bade the
slave take his seat, and he himself presented the fish to
the slave. The latter replied, " I thank you and will
give you two coins for your trouble." Celer, pleased
with the slave's reply, gave him three coins.
57. The Bobber's Cave.
Balbus agricola, qui in silvas llgna caesum® Iverat,
virgultis occultus magnam manum latronum, qui adibant,
vidit. Qui dum perterritus nullum sonum edere audet, dux
ipse latronum altissimam rupem aggressus eam dextra
pulsavit haec locutus, "Aperi t6, horreum."* Quibus
verbis (mlrabile dictti**!) for6s celatae aperlrl visae
sunt, antrum que in gens patefieri. Inde latrones antrum
ingress! onera, quae portabant, dgposuemnt, iterumque
regressi e conspectu discess6runt. Deinde Balbus, qui
tandem S latebris exire ausus est, elsdem verbis iisus,
rtipem ipse pulsavit, antrumque patefecit auro complS-
76 A NEW GRADATIM.
turn et argentC, quod d, viatoribus raptum latronSs in e6
loco abdiderant. Quo vlsu attonitus b6 quam maximo
aurl pondere onerSvit, domumque laetus rediit.
Ziatlnfi responds.
1. Qua re Balbus in silvas Iverat ? Quid vidit ?
2. Quid latro, dum rUpem dextra pulsat, loctLtus est ?
Quid evenit ?
3. Quid fecit Balbus, postquam latrdn6s 6 cCnspectu
discess6runt ?
4. Quid latrdn6s in eo loco abdiderant ?
5. Qua r6 Balbus laetus domum rediit ?
Latlnfi Bcxfbe.
A farmer named (nomine) Balbus saw a band of rob-
bers in a forest where he was cutting wood. The robbers
approached a high rock and one of them striking it with
his right hand said, " Open, barn." The rock, strange
to relate," opened and disclosed a large cave within.
After (postquam) the robbers had gone, Balbus opened
the cave with the same words and carried home a large
amount of gold.
58. Caught by the Bobbers.
Balbo erat frater nomine Gains, vir dives sed avarus.
Hic de fortuna Balbi per uxorem certior factus fratrem
carmen illud, quo antrum aperirl poterat, dirls minis
dlvolgare cofigit. Itaque cum tribus asinis ad rtipem
profectus, verbisque magicis tlsus antrum intravit,
asinosque auro oneravit.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 77
Mox autem ubi redlre voluit, carminis oblltus, " Aperl
te," inquit, " hordeum ; " cul voci quia f orgs parfire n5-
lu6runt, nee earminis ipslus meminisse poterat (tantae
enim divitiae rationem animi perturbabant), & latrdnibus
brevi captus est. Hi postquam vimm gladils interffice-
runt, corpus fiius in quattuor partes divlsum intra antrum
suspend^nint. Postero autem di6 Balbus, qui rem stl-
spicatus locum ipse adierat, nocttl membra fratiis ex
antro firipuit.
Latlnfi responds.
1. Quo modo Gaius d3 fortuna fratris certior factus
est?
2. Qu6 (whither) profectus est? Quot asinOs aur6
oneravit ?
3. Qua r6 ex antro exire nCn poterat? X quibus
captus est ?
4. In quot partes latronfis corpus Gai dlvls6runt ?
5. Quis noctu membra Gai ex antro eripuit ?
Latinfi scribe.
Balbus was compelled by his brother Caius, a covetous
man, to disclose the magic words by which he opened
the cave. Therefore Caius was able to enter the cave.
While he was loading his asses with gold he forgot the
magic words.*^ The robbers soon captured and slew him.
His body was divided into four parts and hung in the
cave. It was, however, taken away during the night by
Balbus.
78 A NEW GRADATIM.
59. Two CAN PLAT AT THAT GaHB.
Hoc ubi cognovit dux latronum, suorum callidissimum
rei^ exquirendae causd, ad urbem misit. Qui quidem dum
urbem pererrat, forte occurrit sartori cuidam, qui ^ Balbo
itlssus f ratris membra disiecta acil iunxerat (corpus enimi
in quattuor partes divTsum, sepeliri legfis vetabant). Hie,
vir loquax, & latrone callide interrogatus, non modo rem
omnem quaerenti divolgavit, sed domum etiam Balbl
ostendit. Inde latr5, postquam forSs cr6ta notaverat, ad
antrum rediit nocttique comit6s ad locum dQxit. Id
tamen quod latro f^cerat non efftlgerat Balbi ancillam,
quae consilium 6ius suspicata domorum vlclnarum
fores eddem modo notaverat. LatronSs igitur, quod
inimlci domum cdgnoscere non poterant, in silvas inriti
redierunt.
Latlhfi responds.
1. Quem dux latronum rel exquirendae causa ad urbem
mIsit ?
2. Cul latro, dum urbem pererrat, forte occurrit ?
3. Qua r6 sartor a Balb5 fratris membra disiecta acu
iungere iussus est?
4. Quo modo latro domum Balbl notayit? Quos
nocttl ad locum duxit ?
5. Cur latronfis Balbl domum cognoscere non poterant ?
Latinfi scribe.
When this was found out, one of the robbers was im-
mediately sent to the city to investigate the matter.®
The house of Balbus was pointed out by the tailor who
had sewed together the limbs of Caius. The robber
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 79
marked the house with chalk, and returned to his com-
panions. When he returned, the neighboring houses had
been marked in the same way by a shrewd maid-servant^
and the house could not be recognized.
60. The Forty Thieves.
Post^ro di€ dux latronum, ad aed6s Balbl ab eddem
sartore ductus, nftttlram loci oculis acctlr&tissim6 observer
vit. Inde viginti asinos, v3,sis ingentibus onerfttds parSr
vit; quorum tinum quidem oleo implfivit; in reliqua
tamen singula binds abdidit latrou^s. Delude vesperl
mercatorem simulftns ad urbem cum asinis profectus est,
et ft Balbd, quem pro aedibus sedentem inv^nit, hospi-
tium sibi sulsque petiit. X quo benign^ acceptus vSsa
omnia in horto disposuit, comit^sque signum silent^s
exspectS.re iussit. At ancilla eadem, quae, dum dux
latronum cum domind suo c6nat, fraudem persp6xerat,
oleum ex prim5 v9,se d^ductum, atque Igne tostum, latro-
nibus, qui in reliquls v2,sls lat^bant, iniScit omnSsque ad
linum suffocdvit.
Latins responds.
1. Quis posterd dig ducem latronum ad aed€s Balbl
duxit ? Quid dux observftvit.
2. Quot vasa ingentia parSvit ? Quo unum impl6vit ?
3. Qui in reliquls vasis erant ?
4. 5. quo vesperl hospitium sibi sulsque petiit ?
5. Quis fraudem perspexit ? Quo modo Iatr5n6s inter-
f 6cit ?
80 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins scribe.
The next day ^ the same tailor conducted the leader of
the robbers to the dwelling of Balbus. After he had
carefully examined the house, ha prepared twenty large
vessels. One of them was filled with oil ; in the others
robbers were* hidden. Pretending [to be] a merchant he
sought entertainment at-the-house-of (apud) Balbus. His
deceitful plot, however, was discovered by the same
maid-servant, and during the night they were all killed.
The following selections and exercises require a knowledge
of-
m
(a) Impersonal verbs.
(b) The subjunctive.
61. The Wonderful Island.
Mercator quidam, nomine SinQn, quod eum cessandl*''"
et nihil agendl piguit, pericula maris tentSre constituit.
Navl igitur ad Indos vectus primQ, quod procellae flucttls
agitabant, gravi nausea oppressus mortem optftvit. Mox
autem, ubi vis tempestatis mlt6sc6bat, morbum dfipulit.
Panels post di6bus,® dum aperto marl procul & portu
navigatur, parvam insulam nigro colore ** haud multum
super aquam emin^ntem nautae vident. Tum omnfis 6
nave ggressi hue illtic per totam Insulam vagantur ; tan-
dem Igne)n accendere incipiunt. Subito sub pedibus diro
sonitti Insula fivanuit in undas, omnfisque in gurgitem
hausti sunt; Monstrum enim marmum, quae nautis In-
sula ob magnitudinem visa est, 6 somno Igne excitatum,
in mare se mersit. Quo casu omnSs nautae peri6runt ;
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 81
Sindn autem md^n& sustentus trabe, quam forte ad Ig^em
ferSbat, Datando ad terram IgnOtam pervtoit.
Lat&iS respondi.
1. Qua r€ Sindn perlcula maris tentftre cdnstituit ?
2. Quo prlmum vectus est ? COr mortem opt&vit ?
3. Quid nautae paucis post difibus ylderunt ?
4. Quid evenit, ubi Ignem iu Insolft accendere incSp^
runt?
5. Quo modd SinOn servfttus est?
Lat&iS Bcilba.
A merchant named Sinon was sailing to the Indies.
At first he was very sea-sick, but after a few days * his
illness passed away. A small island was seen in the
open sea. All the sailors disembarked and kindled a fire.
Suddenly the island sank into the sea. The sea swal-
lowed up all the sailors, but Sinon was borne to land by
the waves.
62. The Diamond Valley.
Sinon quidem totum diem per loca d^serta vagS^tus
omnI spfi reditus delectus est. At noctil dum dormit, ad
vallem altissimis montibus intercltlsam ingenti ave rap-
tus est. Tall mir&culo attonitus postero diS aliquid etiam
mlrd,bilius vidit; tota enim vallis gem mis 6m9,ta est.
Incolae hilius terrae quod in vallem descend! non potest,
gemm9.s ita conligere solent. Summis d€ montibus
camem deiciunt, quam aquilae ab Ima valle in nidds
82 A NEW GRADATIM.
femnt. Inde mercfttdr^s md,gnO cld.more av€s dSpellunt,
gemmlsque* carni*® adhaerentibus ipsi potiuntur. Quod
ubi Sinon cognovit, postquam s6 quam plarimis gem-
mis onerftverat, suum corpus ad camem adligd.yit,
ttltusque md,gna aquilft ad nidum Ifttus est. Unde ad
urbem propTnquam facile dSscendit, gemm&sque mftgno
pretio ygndidit.
Latins responds.
1. Ubi Sinon totum diem vagatus est ? Cur deiectus
est?
2. QuQ nocttl ingenti ave raptus est ?
3. Quid posters dig vidit ?
4. Quo modo incolae gemm^s conligere solebant ?
5. Quo modo Sinon 6 valle latus est ?
Latins scribe.
During the night while he was asleep a wonderful
thing happened (factum est), for a huge bird carried
him to a valley adorned with precious stones. No-one
(n6m6) could descend into this valley. The next day he
saw merchants throwing down meat, to which the pre-
cious stones clung. Sinon, loaded with precious stones
and bound to a piece of meat, was carried out of the
valley by a great eagle.
63. The Giant's Cavb.
Idem Sinon n6 his quidem dlvitils contentus Oceanum
iterum tentare constituit ; celerl igitur nave cum panels
sociis vectus ventis adversis ad terram igndtam pulsus est,
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 83
quam incol^bant homin6s bai'barl advenis inimlcissiml.
Hi scaphis nd,vem aggress! Sindnem sociosque dtlxerunt
ad suum r^gem, gigantem iinind,nein specie horribill, qui
unum modo oculum in medift fronte positum hab^bat.
E^x postquam captlvds omnSs manil ingenti tract&verat,
ex els, quern pinguissimum itldicd>vit, Igne tostum d€vo-
ravit. Ceteri tamen, quod incautfi ft barbarls castOdifi-
bantur, eddem vertl, qu6 comes infelix trdnsfixus erat,
oculum gigantis dormientis transfoderunt, et veils re-
mlsque a terra inhospitali f ag^runt.
Latins responds.
1. Cur Sinon oceanum iterum tentare constituit ?
2. Quo ventis adversis pulsus est ?
3. Quales homings banc terram incolebant ?
4. Ad quem Sinon sociique ab his ducti sunt ? Qualis
erat r6x ? Quid fecit ?
5. Qu5 modo Sinon sociique ex hac terra f QgSrunt ?
Latins scribe.
Presently (mox) Sinon with a few companions tried the
perils of the .sea. Unfavorable winds drove them to a
land inhabited by giants. By these the men were con-
ducted to the king of the giants, who pierced one of them
with a spit and roasted him over the fire.*^ During the
night Sinon put out the monster's eye with the spit and
all fled from that dreadful place.
64. The Koyal Sepulchre.
Hand ita mult5 post secundis ventis Sinon. sociique ad
insulam f ertilem et oplmam vecti sunt. Quo in loco
84 A KEW GRADATIM.
dum SinQn studio frdgum carpendarum longius & navi
errat, ft socils Infidelibus relictus est. Rex tamen haius
Insulae hospitem benlgnfi acc6pit, suamque filiam, vir-
ginem pulcherrimam, el in matrimonium dedit. Id
tamen minus prosper^ evSnit ; uxor enim SinOnis proximo
anno mortua est. Tum clv6s, quod dura lege viros Una
cum uxoribus sepellre solent, Sinonem vivum cum uxore
mortua ftlnibus dSmittunt in puteum profundum, quo
sepulcro r6g6s illius terrae utebantur. Huic tamen ab
omni spe salatis intercltisd forttlna patefScit iter. Sinon
enim fame sitlque iam morittirus volpem vidit, quae
cadaveribus* vescfibatur. Quam per vias occultas diu
sectltus parvam rimam, qua ipsa puteum intraverat, tan-
dem invSnit. Inde Sinon^ postquam magna vi nisus
lapidem ingentem submoverat, 86 liberavit, atque ad
dram maritimam evasit.
Lat^S responds.
1. Quo Sinon socilque baud multo post vecti sunt ?
2. CHr Sinon a sociis infidelibus relictus est ?
3. Quo modo r6x huius insulae Sinonem acc6pit ?
4. Post mortem uxoris quid 6v6nit ?
6. Qu6 modo 6 puteO profundo ad Cram maritimam
evasit ?
Latins scilbe.
Not long afterwards Sinon was abandoned by his com-
panions on a large and fertile island. He was kindly
received by the inhabitants, and the king's beautiful
daughter was given to him in marriage. When his wife
died the next year,^ Sinon, with his dead wife, was let
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 85
down into a deep pit; for the citizens of that island
buried the husbands with their wives. From this pit he
escaped by following ^ a fox that had entered the pit for
the purpose of feeding** on the dead bodies.
65. The Old Man of the Sea.
Sinon per lltus quinque mllia passuum vag&tus senem
quendam in rlp& fltlminis sedentem invSnit. Hic Sin6-
nem s6 tr&ns flumen umerls tr&nsportS.re iilssit. Itaque
Sinon, quern senis InflrmI miseruit, eum in umerOs sub-
levd.yit, id quod imper&tum est facttirus. Senex autem,
simul in loc5 firmiter s6dit, crtlribus collum amplexus,
SinOnem onus dfipQnere prohibuit. Turn Sin6n, quod
Itlctan nOn audebat, senex enim dlro amplextl eum suffo-
cd,bat, dominum hac illGc per totum diem vehere coftctus
est. Nee nox labOris f inem fecit, senex enim etiam dor-
mifins captlvum artius amplectebatur. Posters tamen
die, dum itissil domini per silvam iter f acit, SinQn repente
caput senis arboris rd,md, qui impendebat, maxima vl
admdvit. Quo Tctu stupefactus senex crtlra laxftvit, atque
ad terram moribundus cecidit.
Latins responds.
1. Quern Sinon in ripa fluminis sedentem invSnit ?
2. CHr senem in umeros sublevavit ?
3. Qua r6, postquam flumen eum transportaverat, senem
non deposuit?
4. !Num nox laboris finem fecit ? Cur nQn ?
5. Quo modO Sinon poster© die se liberavit ?
86 A NEW GRADATIM.
Latins scribe.
While Sinon was sitting on the bank of a stream, he
saw an old man who wished (voluit) to be taken across.
When Sinon had lifted the old man on his shoulders, the
latter clasped his legs about the formei^'s neck and com-
pelled him to carry his burden all day. At night the
old man slept with his legs clasped about Sinon's neck.
The next day Sinon freed himself by suddenly dashing
the old man's head against a tree.
66. How TO PICK COCOANUTS.
Td.li perlculd ita liberfttus Sinon dum per.silvam
pedem refert, merc&tdribus occurrit compltlribus qui ad
nuc6s carpendas ** Ibant. Cum his s6 iungere constituit.
!Nuc6s, quae summis modo rSmis dependent, mercfttor^s
baud facile carpunt, quod l6vis arboris truncus Sscendi
non potest. Hunc tamen modum inv6n6runt. Simias,
quae plurimae silvas cohint, saxis vexant: quam ob rem
illae iratae nucSs ab arboribus direptas in mercatorSs
deiciunt. Sinon nucibus" multis potitus mercfttorSs
simias ipse captare docuit. Itlssu eius vasa quaedam
aquae pl6na ad imas arbor6s admovfirunt, quibus in vasls
manus multC cum fragore lavabant. Inde vasa eadem
nigra pice compl6v6runt, discessfiruntque 6 loco. Simiae
autem homines ex c6nsu6tudine imitatae, ubi manus in
vasa imposu6runt, pice retentae facile captantur.
Latins responds.
1. Quibus SinCn occurrit, dum per silvam pedem
refert ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 87
2. Qua r€ merc&torSs nuc6s baud facile carpere nOn
poterant ?
3. Quern tamen modum dfinique invenerunt ?
4. Quo modd SinOn mercd.tdr6s slmifts captd,re docuit?
5. Nonne simiae homines imitdxl solent ?
Latins BCiibe.
Not long afterwards Sinon joined some merchants'*
who were going into the forest to gather nuts." After
having secured many nuts,* they wished to capture the
monkeys that lived in the forest. They first washed
their hands in vessels full of water. The vessels were
then filled with pitch and left under (sub) the trees.
When the monkeys, according to their custom, imitated
the men, they were held fast by the pitch.
67. The Elephant's Burial-place.
Hand multum ab eo loco magnus grex elephantOrum
teneris frondibus pascfibatur. Quo visil perterriti c6terl
in fugam s6 ded^runt, Sinon tamen arcu armfttus post-
quam in arborem ascenderat, celeribus sagittis maximum
ex elephautis interfficit. 5. mercatoribus igitur, qui ebur
maxim! ^ aestimant, donis oneratus est. Inde Sinon, cul
divitiae animum addidSrunt, quandam in arborem, quae
iuxta parvum lacum cr6sc€bat, saepissime ascend^bat.
Qu5 consiliO complurfis interfScit- elephantOs, quos
bibendi*^ causa eum locum adire oportebat. Tertio
tamen mSnse elephant!, quibus aquam sine noxia ad!re
non licebat, in Sinonem Gnivers! impetum f6c6runt,
cr6brlsque Ictibus ipsam arborem radlcitus 6vell6runt.
88 A NEW GRADATIM.
Inde virum attonitum mortemque exspectantem in ter-
gum sublevavit dux gregis, longfique per silvag ad eum
locum portavit quO * sepulcrO elephantl tltfibantur. Sinon
igitur, qui ex mortuls elephantis satis eboris^ potitus est,
vivis posthac parc^bat.
Latins responds.
1. Quid Sindn comitSsque baud multum ab eo loco
viderunt ?
2. Qui in fugam s6 dedfirunt ? Quid fecit Sinon ?
3. Qua tQ elephantds locum adire oport€bat ?
4. Tertid tamen mSnse quid f 6c6runt elephant ? Qua
r6?
5. Quo dux gregis Sinonem portavit ?
Latins scribe.
Sinon saw a large herd of elephants feeding near a
small lake, where they were accustomed to drink.
Armed with a bow he climbed a tree and killed one
of the elephants. By this plan many elephants were
killed. By-and-by (mox) the tree was pulled up by the
others, and Sinon was carried on the leader^s back to
the burial-place of the elephants, where he found ivory ^
enough.
68. The Subterranean Passage.
Sinon dives ita f actus, quod domum" ad su6s redire
voluit, nactus idoneum tempus ad navigandum, 6 porta
solvit. At paucos post dies coorta est saevissima tem-
pestas, ctlius violentia navis ad scopulos appulsa
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 89
naufragium fecit. Hoc in loco aestus per latus montis
praeruptum alveo haud ita md.gnd fluminis modo vol-
vitur. Sinon comitfisque compltlr6s di^s in angusta rflpe
manebant, quod hinc vis fluctuum eos abire prohibuit,
illinc mons altissimus ntillo modo ftscendi potuit. Tan-
dem SinOn postquam parvam ratem 6 trabibus nftvis
f^cerat, sine ullo comite s3 committere ausus est fluminl,
quod sub imum montem volutum est. Inde per vias
occultas summa celeritate vectus, quod nee iter vidfire
nee cursum dirigere poterat, labSre et excubiis dSfessus
gravi somno oppressus est.
Latins responds.
1. Quo modo Sinon dives factus erat ? Quid voluit ?
2. Quo navis paucos post dies appulsa est ?
3. Quam ob rem Sinon comit6sque abire n6n poterant ?
4. E quibus Sinon tandem parvam ratem fecit ? Cui ^*
s6 commisit ?
5. Quam ob rem gravT somno oppressus est ?
Latins scribe.
Sinon, who had become rich from the ivory* of the
dead elephantSj now desired to return home. He accord-
ingly set sail with a few companions. A few days after-
wards a raging storm drove the ship upon the rocks.
On one side was a steep mountain, on the other the sea.
The tide flowed through an opening in the side of the
mountain. At length Sinon intrusted himself to the
stream upon a small raft which he had made, and was
carried under the mountain.
90 A NEW GRADATIM.
69. Home at Last.
Qu5 somno Sinon oppressus duos dies omnI sensu^
carebat ; tertio tamen die, ubi animum vix recepit, solem
laetus &spexit : ratis enim, dum ipse dormit, iter pericu-
losum confecerat, et vi fltiminis vecta ad oppidum quod-
dam in ripd. positum advenerat. Deinde cives tali
miraculo attoniti Sinonem ad regem suum dQxerunt.
Hie postquam rem omnem cognovit, quod tanta pericula
pltls quam humana vidfibantur, Sinoni, honoris causa,
pallium purpureum aureamque coronam dari iussit,
navique figregia dOnavit. Inde Sinon secundis ventis
domum advectus inter amicos propinquosque reliquum
vitae spatium tranquilly perfigit, nee lillO periculo
posthac vexatus est.
Latins responds.
1. Quam diu (how long) Sinon somnO oppressus est ?
2. Quo ratis, dum ipse dorm it, vl flQminis vecta est ?
3. Ad quern civ6s huius oppidi Sinonem dQxerunt ?
4. Quid r6x Sinoni, honoris causa, dedit ?
5. Inter quos Sinon reliquum vitae spatium tranquil Is
perfigit ?
LatihS Bcxibe.
For two days Sinon was borne along by the current
of the stream. On the third day he arrived at a town
and was conducted by the astonished citizens ^ to their
king, by whom he was presented with a purple robe and
a golden crown. He soon reached home,** and henceforth
did not trust himself to the perils of the sea, but passed
the remainder of his life quietly among his friends.
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 91
70. The Donkey's Advice.
Agricola quidam, nOmine* Cato, sermOnem animalium
intellfixit. Hie olim bovem, qui f ortunain adversam apud
asinum querebatur, audlvit. " Utinam," inquit bos, " mea
fortuna tuae^ similis esset.*® T6 cottidie noster magister
diligenter curat, tibi dulcissimum cibum parat ; ego tamen,
qui arando totum diem cOnstlmd, gramine * vescor tenul."
Cui asinus, " Tu tamen, stultissime, merito haec pateris,
quod iugi* nimium patifins es. Ctir nQn magistro istis
cornibus mortem minaris ? Cur non mtiglttls horrisonOs
6dis? Hoc consilio tisus forttlnam meliOrem reddfis?
Cibum quem tibi hodie servl attulerint edere noli ; eras
autem, n6 t© aratro iungant,** omni vi repQgna." Bos id
quod imperatum est facit. At magister, qui omnia audl-
verat, ut asinum pro consilio ptiniret, eum aratro pro bove
iungi iussit.
Latins responds.
1. Quid bos dlim asino dixit ?
2. Quail cibo asinus vescfibatur ? Quail bos ?
3. Quod consilium asinus bovi dedit ?
4. Nonne bos hoc consilio usus est ?
5. QuO modo agricola asinum pro consilio ptlnivit ?
Latins BcrfbS.
An ass once gave the following advice to an ox that had
complained of his hard lot : " To-morrow, when your
master prepares your food, do not eat it ; and when he
wishes to yoke you to the plough, threaten him with death
oy means of your horns." The foolish ox followed this
92 A KEW GKADATDL
adriee. The farmer, who nndersfeood the langnage of ani-
malfly punished the ass by harnessing him to the plough.
7L The I>oxKEr'8 Adttce (continued),
Yesperly nbi asinus labore Insneto defessns ad stabnlnm
rediity & comite sommis laadibns acceptos est. Hie aatem,
qaem prions consili '^ iam poenitebat, amicom ita moiiuit.
'^Cave, mi amice, nS istnd otinm tibi plus quam labor
pristinus noceat.** Xtiper enim, dum ex agrls redeo, no-
strum audivl magistrum, qui te cr2s mSct&rl iussit, nisi
opere solito fungi vell6s. X6 t6 sine caus& tanto periculo
obtuleris/' Quibiis verbis x)erterritus b6s, qui cultrum
sacerdotis iam animo praesSnsit, gratids asino pro con-
8ili5 utilissimo 6git. Posters igitur die, ubi agricola ag^os
itenim ar^re voluit, bos iugO repugn&re non ausus^ ipse
suum collum aratro praebuit.
IiatlhS responds.
1. Quem sul priCris consili poenitebat ?
2. Quo modo asinus vesperi bovem monuit ?
3. Quid magister iussit, nisi bos opera solito fun^i
vellet ?
4. Qua re bos perterritus est ? Quid iam animo prae-
5. Quid poster© igitur dig fecit ?
Itatlnfi scribe.
Th, „, ,„<„ „pe„ted tt<, advice • whioh he had iri«n
tl hHi 7^° "^ "*»™'' «" "" "">'• » f. "-
*"«> iie said to the ox "TVTtt- #.;„_j m j ,
« ox, My fnend,>» do not dare to resist
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 93
the master to-morrow, for he will sacrifice you, if you
again resist him." The next day, therefore, the ox was
willing to do as he was bidden.
72. The Cock's Advice.
At magister, qui omnia audlverat, pradentift asini yald6
delectd.tus, risum non continuit. Quod ubi cdgndvit uxor
6ius, quae hand procul aberat, rem mlrd,ta causam ex ipsO
quaeslvit. Hic autem, cul sermonem animd,lium intelle-
gere concessum erat, eSL modo condicione, ut ilium nillll
prdderet, n€ fidem datam violS.ret, omnind tac^bat. Qud
uxor Irftta vird aquft et Ignl interdlxit, dum rem patef acere
vellet. Inde agricola, qui maestus &c isitlnus domum
intrd,re non ausus est, S, gallo quodam ita est monitus.
"Pudet m6 tul, magister; ego enim, cul viginti sunt
uxorSs, omn^s facillim^ domo, til tamen, qui anam modo
habes, eam regere non potes." Quod ubi audiit agricola,
pudore motus baculum ingfins adripuit, et brevi uxCrem
ad meliora cdnsilia flSxit.
Latins responds.
1. Qua condicione agricolae sermonem animd,lium intel-
legere concessum erat ?
2. Quid quaeslvit uxor 6ius, ubi eum ridentem vidit ?
3. Quid fecit uxor, ubi agricola omnino tacfibat ?
4. Quibus verbis agricola maestus et ieiunus S, gallo
monitus est ?
5. Quo modo uxorem ad meliora consilia fl€xit ?
Latins scribe.
The farmer's wife heard him laughing and asked him
the cause. He was unwilling to disclose it, for unless he
94 A NEW GRADATIM.
should remain silent,^ he would not be able to under-
stand the language of animals. His wife in anger said^
" You shall not enter the house until you are willing to
do as I have bidden you." A cock advised him thus^
'^Master, are you not ashamed because you cannot
manage one wife? I have twenty, and all are easily
ruled."
73. The Bottom op the Stream.
Boedtus quidam, qui per terram Igndtam iter faciebat,
ad flumen mont&nura, quod viam interclfid^bat, adv^nit.
Itaque miratus quod tanta vis aquae ab un£l parte volv^
bd,tur, diu patienter exspectabat, dum d^flueret amnis.
Tandem, quod morandl eum taedebat, nee vis aquae
omnino minueb&tur, agricolam, qui forte a.std,bat, appel-
lavit. "Til, quaeso," inquit, "v6ra mihi responds:
imumne fltimen flrmum est?" "Nihil potest esse flr-
mius," respondit ille. Quibus verbis cdnfirm£ltiis in
aquam Boedtus dSsiluit. Quod tamen fltimen fuit
altissimum, sub undTs mersus natando mortem vix
effugit. Tum Boeoto d6 fraude querent!, "T6 certe,"
respondit agricola, " irasci minimfi decet ; ttl enim imum
flumen, quod r6 v6ra firmissimum est, nondum atti-
gisti."
LaHnS responds.
1. Ad quid Boeotus quidam advenit ?
2. Cur ditl patienter exspectabat ?
3. Quid ab agricola quaeslvit, cum morandi eum tae-
deret ? Quid respondit agricola ?
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 95
4. Qu6 modd mortem vix efftigit, cum in aquam dfisi-
luisset ?
5. Quid respondit agricola Boeoto d6 f raude querenti ?
Latins acxTbe.
A Boeotian, who had waited a long time for a moun-
tain stream to flow by, asked a farmer whether (utrum)
the bottom of the river were " solid or not (necne). The
farmer replied that nothing could be more solid. There-
upon the Boeotian leaping into the river sank beneath
the water. When he had with difficulty swum to the
shore, he complained of the farmer's deceit. The latter
replied, " If you had touched ** the bottom of the river,
you would have found it solid."
74. The Attack on the Castle.
Spartacus olim, . princeps e&rum gentium quae trans
Eh€num habitabant, m^gnam turrim hand procul & flu-
mine aedificaverat. Inde cum suls militibus plurimas
incupsiongs in agros finitimos facere solitus est, ut igni
ferroque omnia vastaret.** Quam ob rem magnum odium
incolarum urbis finitimae suscfiperat. Hi igitur, cum
initirias illius non diutius tolerare possent, universi in
muros impetum fgcfirunt. Diu et acriter pGgnatum est.
Tandem princeps, quod commeatu omnino intercltisus
est, legatos ad eos d6 d^ditione misit. Cum tamen clv^s
irati pacem dare vellent * ea modo condicione, ut ipse ad
supplicium traderetur, ignem turrl admovere constituit,
et se suaque omnia iucendio cOnsumere,
96 A NEW GRADATIM.
ZaatlhS roBpondfi.
1. Ubi Spartaous m£lgnam tiirrim aedificaverat ?
2. Cur incursiOnfis in agros finitimos f acere solitus est ?
3. Quid f ecerunt civ6s, cum iniarias non ditltius tole-
rare possent ?
4. Quid fecit princeps, cum diQ et acriter pugnatum
esset ?
5. Qua condiciOne clvfis pacem dare volebant ?
Latins Bcxibe.
A chieftain named Spartacus, who had incurred the
hatred of all his neighbors by laying waste ® their fields,
was once shut up in his castle by the enraged citizens.
When he had been entirely cut off from supplies, he sent
envoys to treat for peace. The citizens replied, "We
will grant peace only on condition that you deliver'®
yourself for punishment." Then Spartacus said, " I
will set fire to my castle and bum myself and all my
possessions."
, 75. The Attack on the Castle {continued).
Quod ubi cognovit uxor SpartacT, f6mina summae con-
stantiae, sola vallum ascendere ausa est cum hostibus
conloquendi causa. " Nollte," inquit, " clv6s, victoriam
quam reportavistis clade fSminae dfifamare. Mihi
saltem liceat ^ 6 turri disc6dere cum eo modo, quod mels
umeris portare possim." Inde elves, quod ab ilia multa
beneficia acceperant, id quod petiit libenter concessfirunt.
BrevI autem, dum omnes adventum 6ius exspectant, a
SELECTIONS AND EXERCISES. 97
X)ort^ patefactd. ^gi-essa fSmina f ortis ad castra hostium
acc6ssit cum coniuge, quern in umeros sublevatum- por-
t£lbat. Inde clv6s virttitem fSminae mlrati, quod fidem
datam violare nolu^runt, et coniugl et uxOrl peper-
cfirunt.
ZaatlnS responds.
1. Quae sola v&llum ftscendere ausa est ? Quft r6 ?
2. Quid a civibus petiit f6mina? NOnne id el con-
cessum est ?
3. Qua r6 cTv6s id quod f€mina petiit concCdere vol6-
bant?
4. Quis in umeros f^minae sublevatus portabatur, cum
porta patefacta esset ?
5. Qua r6 civfis et coniugl et uxOrl pepercfirunt ?
LatlhS acrXbe.
«
Spartacus " bad a good wife, who had done * the citi-
zens many favors. She now ascended the wall and
begged the citizens not to sully " their victory by the
slaughter of women, but to allow her to depart from
the castle with what she could carry on her shoulders.
The citizens decided to grant her request ^ (that which
she asked). When the gate was opened, they saw the
woman bearing her husband on her shoulders. So both
the husband and wife were spared.
* To do one a favor, beneficum alicui dare.
ULYSSES.
ii^o^
Summary of the Story.
Ulysses, a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part
in the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he
set out with his followers on his homeward voyage to
Ithaca, an island of which he was king ; but, being driven
out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled
to touch at the country of the Lotus Eaters, who are
supposed to have lived on the north coast of Libya
(Africa). Some of his comrades were so delighted with
the lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country,
but Ulysses compelled them to embark again, and con-
tinued his voyage. He next came to the island of Sicily,
and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, one of
the Cyclopes. After several of his comrades had been
killed by the monster, Ulysses made his escape by strat-
agem, and next reached the country of the Winds. Here
he received the help of ^Eolus, king of the winds, and,
having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca; but,
owing to the folly of his companions, the winds became
suddenly adverse, and they were again driven back.
They then touched at an island occupied by Circe, a
powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on the
, companions of Ulysses, and turned them into swine.
98
ULYSSES. 99
By the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses himself not
only escaped this fate, but forced Circe to restore her
victims to human shape. After staying a year with
Circe, Ulysses again set out, and eventually reached his
home.
76. Homeward Bound.
Urbem Troiam & Graecis decem annos obsessam esse,^
satis constat; d3 hoc enim bello HomSrus, m£lximus
poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scripsit.
Troia ^ tandem per Insidias capta, Graecl longo bello f essi
domum redire maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profec-
tionem paratis nav6s d6dux6runt et tempestatem idoneam
nacti magno cum gaudio solv6runt. Erat inter primos
Graecorum Ulix6s quidam, vir summae virtutis" ac pru-
dentiae, quem dlcunt nonnalll dolum eum excogitasse,^
per quem Troiam captam esse constat. Hic rggnum
insulae Ithacae obtinuerat et paulo antequam cum
reliquis Graecis ad bellum profectus est puellam for-
mosissimam nomine PenelopSn in matrimonium duxerat.
Nunc igitur, cum iam decem annos quasi in exsilio con-
stimpsisset," magna cupidine patriae et uxoris videndae ^
ardgbat.
77. The Lotus Eaters.
Postquam tamen pauca milia" passuum^ a litore Troiae
progress! sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla
navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes
disicerentur.** Navis autem, qua ipse Ulix6s vehebatur,
vl tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus
100 A NEW GRADATIM.
Libyae appulsa est. Ancorls*^ iactis, TJlixes constituit
nonntillds 6 sociis in terram exponere,** qui aquam ad
navem refen-ent** et qualis esset" nattira 6ius regionis
cognoscerent. Hi igitur 6 navl Sgressi imperata facere
parabant. Dum tamen fontem quaerunt, a quibusdam
ex incolls hospitio accept! sunt. Accidit autem ut victus
eorum hominum 6 miro quodam frtictti quern lotum ap-
pellabant paene omnino constaret. Quern cum Graeci
gustassent," patriae et sociorum^ statim oblitl se cOn-
firmavfirunt semper in ea terra manstiros,** ut dulci illo
cibo in aeternum vescerentur.
78. The Lotus Eaters (continued).
At Ulix6s, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspec-
tasset, veritus n6 socii sui in periculo versarentur,
nonnullos 6 reliquis misit, ut, quae causa esset morae,
cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi, ad vicum
qui non longe af uit s6 contul6runt ; quo cum venissent,
socios su6s quasi vino ebriOs reppererunt : turn ubi causam
veniendl^ docugrunt, eis ^* persuadere conabantur, ut s6-
cum ad navem redirent. lUl tamen resistere ac manu s6
defendere coep6runt, saepe clamitant6s se nunquam ex eo
loco abituros. Quae cum ita essent,*^ nuntii r6 inf ecta ad
Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitis, Ulix6s ipse cum
omnibus qui in navi relict! sunt ad locum v6nit; et
socios suoa frtistra hortatus ut sponte sua redirent,**
manibus eorum post terga vinctis, invitos ad navem
reportavit. Tum ancoris sublatis quam celerrimg 6
portti solvit.
ULYSSES 101
79. The Onb-Eyed Giant.
Postrldie 6iu8 difil postquam totam noctem rfimis con-
tenderant, ad terrain Igndtam navem appul6runt; turn,
quod n&turam ^ius regionis ignor&bat, ipse Ulixfis cum
duodecim 6 sociis in terram 6gressu8 locum explora.re
constituit. Paulum Si lltore prSgressI ad antrum ingCns
pervfinfirunt, quod habitd^rl sfinserunt; 6ius enim intro-
itum arte et manibus manltum esse animadvertSrunt.
MoXy etsi intelleg€bant s6 non sine perlculd id facttlrOs,
antrum intravfirunt. Quod cum fecissent, magnam c5-
piam lactis inv6n6runt in vasis ingentibus conditam. Dum
tamen mirantur quis earn s6dem incoleret,** sonitum terri-
bilem audlvfirunt et oculls *^ ad portam versis mOnstrum
horribile vldfirunt, humana quidem specie ^ et figtira, sed
ingenti magnittidine corporis. Cum autem animadver-
tissent gigantem tlnum tantum oculum habere in media
fronte positum, intellexSrunt hunc esse unum 6 Cyclopi-
bus,^ de quibus famam iam acc^perant.
80. The Giaxt's Supper.
Cyclopes autem pastores erant, qui insulam Siciliam
et praecipuS montem Aetnam incolebant; ibi enim
Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et Ignis repertor, cuius
servl Cyclopes erant, officinam suam habebat.
Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum vldfirunt, terrore
paene exanimati in interiorem partem spgluncae refuge-
runt et se ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem, ita
enim gigas appellatus est, pecora sua in speluncam egit ;
turn cum saxo^ ingenti portam obstrtlxisset, Ignem in
102 A NEW GRADATIM.
medio antrO accendit. Hoc*^ facto, oculo omnia perltistrSr
bat et cum s6nsisset homines in interiore parte antri
celan, magna voce exclamavit. " Qui estis homines ?
MercatorSs an latronfis ? " Tum Ulixes respondit s6
neque mercatorfis esse neque praedandi causa vfinisse;
sed 6 Troia redeunt^s vl tempestatum a r^cto cursu de-
pulsos esse. Oravit etiam ut sibi sine iniuria abire licfiret.
Tum Polyphemus quaeslvit ubi esset navis qua vectT
essent ; * Ulixfis autem, cum bene intellegeret sibi maxima
praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam in rup6s
coniectam et omnino perf ractam esse. Polyphemus autem
ntillO dato response duo 6 sociis manti corripuit et mem-
bris eorum divolsis carnem dfivorare coepit.
81. Ko Wat of Escape.
Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror
occupavit, ut ne vocem quidem edere possent ^ sed omni
spe saltitis deposita mortem praesentem exspectarent.
At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tam horribili cena
depulsa est, humi prostratus somno se dedit. Quod cum
vidisset Ulixes, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae***
nOn omittendam arbitratus, in eo erat ut pectus monstri
gladio transflgeret. Cum tamen nihil temere agendum
existimaret, constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret,
qua ratione ex antro evadere possent. At cum saxum
animadvertisset, quo ^ introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi
profuttlrum intellexit, si Polyphemum interfecisset.
Tanta enim erat eius saxi magnitudo, ut ne a decem
quidem hominibus amoveri posset. Quae cum ita essent,
ULYSSES. 103
mixes hoc dSstitit conatQ*" et ad sociOs rediit ; qul^ cum
intellexissent qud in loco r^s assent, nalla sp^ salutis
oblsltd., d€ fortunis suls d^p^rftre coepSrunt. Ille tamen,
ne animos dSmitterent, vehementer hort&tus est : demon-
str&vit 86 iam ante& 6 multis et magnis perlculls ev&sisse,
neque dubium esse quin in tantd discrlmine del auxilium
adlS^turi essent.
. 82. A Plan fob Vengeance.
Orta luce, Polyphemus iam 6 somno excit&tus idem
quod hesterno die fecit ; correptis enim duobus 6 reliquls
virls, carnem eorum sine mord, devor&vit Tum, cum
saxum ^Unovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro prd-
gressus est. Quod cum viderent Graecl, md^nam in spem
venerunt se post paulum evd^suros. Mox tamen ab hSuQ
spe repulsl sunt; nam Polyphemus, postquam omues
oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. Keliqui omnI
spe salutis deposits lamentis ^^ lacrimTsque se dediderunt ;
Ulixes vero qui, ut supr£l demonstravimus, vir magnl
fuit consilT,^ etsi bene intellegebat rem in discrlmine esse,
nOndum omnlno desperabat. Tandem postquam diu toto
animo cogitavit, hoc cepit consilium. E llgnis quae in
antro reposita sunt, palum magnum delegit. Hunc sum ma
cum diligentiapraeaciitum fecit; tum postquam sociis quid
fieri vellet ostendit, reditum PolyphemT exspectabat.
83. A Glass too Much.
Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit et eodem
modo quo antea cenavit. Tum Uli'xes utrem vini promp-
sit, quem forte, ut in talibus rebus accidere cCnsuevit,
104 A NEW GRADATIM.
86cum attulerat, et postquam m&gnam crat€ram vino
replevit, gigantem ad bibendum®^ provocavit. Polyph^
mus, qui nunquam antea vinum gustaverat, totam crat6ram
statim hausit ; quod cum f ecisset, tantam voluptatem per-
cepit ut iterum et tertium cratfiram replfiri itisserit. Turn
cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes appellaretur, ille
respondit 86 Nfiminem appell5ri. Quod cum audlvisset,
Polyphemus ita locutus est, " Hanc tibi gratiam pro tanto
beneficiO referam ; t6 ultimum omnium dSvorabo." His
dictis, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit et post breve tem-
pus somno oppressus est. Tum Ulixes sociis convocatis,
" Habemus," inquit, " quam petiimus f acultatem ; n6 igitur
tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae " omittamus.''
84. Nobody.
Hac oratione habita, postquam extrgmum palum igne
calefecit, oculum Polyphfiml dum dormit flagrante llgno
transf odit ; quo facto, omnes in diversas speluncae partes
se abdiderunt. At ille subito illo dolore, quod necesse
fuit, e somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit et
dum per speluncam errat, Ulixi manum inicere conabatur.
Cum tamen iam omnino caecus esset, nullo modO hoc
efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes clamore audito
undique ad speluncam convenerunt et ad introitum ad-
stantes, quid Polyphemus ageret quaeslverunt, et quam
ob causam tantum clamorem sustulisset. Ille respondit
se graviter volneratum esse et magno dolore adflci ; cum
tamen ceterl quaesivissent quis ei vim intulisset, respondit
ille Neminem id fecisse. Quibus auditis, unus e Cyclopia
ULYSSES. 105
bus, "At sT nemo," inquit, "t6 volnerSvit, haud dubium
est quin consilio deorum, quibus resistere nee possumus
nee volumus, hoc suppliciC adficiaris." His dictis abiC-
runt Cyclopes eum in insaniam incidisse arbkratL
85. ESGAPB.
At Polyphemus, ubi socids suos abiisse sSnsit, furOre
atque amentia impulsus Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit.
Tandem cum portam invfinisset, saxum quO obstrQcta erat
amovit, ut pecus ad agros exiret. Turn ipse in introitil
s6dit et ut quaeque ovis ad locum vSnerat, tergum 6ius
manibus tractabat, n6 virl inter ovfis exire possent.*'
Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixfis, hoc iniit consilium;
bene enim intell^xit omnem spem salutis in dold magis
quam in virtute p6nl. Primum tr6s quas vidit pinguissi-
mas ex ovibus delegit ; quas cum inter sfi viminibus * con-
exuisset, tinum sociorum ventribus^ earum ita subi^cit,
ut omnino lateret. Deinde ovfis hominem sficum ferent6s
ad portam egit. Id accidit quod fore sflspicatus erat.
Polyphemus enim, postquam mantis ter^Is earum impo-
suit, ov6s praeterlre passus est. Ulix6s, ubi rem ita
felTciter 6v6nisse vidit, omnes suos socios ex Ordine
eodem modo 6misit; quo facto, ipse tlltimus evasit.
86. Out of Danger.
His rebus ita confectis, Ulix6s cum sociis maximg
veritus n6 Polyphemus fraudem sentiret, quam celerrime
ad litus contendit-, quo cum venissent, ab eis, qui navl
praesidio *^ relicti erant, magna cum lactitia ®* accepti sunt
106 A XEW 6BADATDC
Hi enim, com animis anxiis iam tr^ dies reditum eomin
in holds exspect&Tissent, eos in peifcolom grave incidisse,
id quod erat, sospicdti, ipsi anxiliandl causa' €gredl par^
bant. Tom Ulix^ non satis tatum esse arbitr&tus si in
eo loco man^rety quam celerrime proficisci constituit.
lussit igitur omnes nilTem conscendeie et ancoris sublatis
paolnm Si litore in altum proTectus est. Turn m^gna
voce exclamarity "Tii, Polypheme, qui ^itira hospiti
spemisy itistam et d^bitam poenani immanitatis tuae
solvistL'' Hdc voce audita, Polyphemus Ira vehementer'
commotus ad mare se contulit et ubi intellexit navem
paulum & litore remotam esse, saxum ingens manu cor-
leptum in eam partem eoniecit, unde vocem Tenire sensit.
Graecl autem, etsi minimum &fuit qum submergerentur,
nulld accepto damnd ^ cursum tenueront.
87. The Country of the Winds.
Pauca milia passuum ab eo loco progressus Ulix6s ad
Insulam quandam, ndmine Aeoliam, n&vem appulit.
Haec patria erat Yentorum.
'' Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro
Lactantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
Imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat."
Ibi r6x ipse Graecos hospitio acc6pit atque eis ^ persuasit
ut ad recuperandas ® vires paucos dies in ea regione
commorarentur. Septimo die cum socii 6 laboribus s6
recepissent, Ulixes, ne anni tempore a navigatione exclti-^
deretur, sibi sine mora proficlscendum statuit. Turn
Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidam esse patriae
XJI^YSSES. 107
videndae,* Ulixi iam profecttirO magnum dedit saccum 6
corio confectum, in qu6 ventos omnfis praeter tinum incla-
serat. Zephyrum tantum praetermlserat; quod ilium
ventum ad Ithacam nftvigandd idoneum esse sci6bat.
Ulixfis hoc donum libenter accfipit et gratils prO tantS
beneficio relatis, saccum ad malum ligavit. Tum omni-
bus ad profectionem paratis meridiano fer6 tempore 6
portO solvit.
88. The Wind-Bao.
Novem di6s ventO secundissimo cursum tenufirunt:
iamque in conspectum patriae suae vfinerant, cum Ulixes
lassittidine ^ confectus, ipse enim mana sua gubernabat,
ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socii, qui iamdudum
mirabantur quid in illo sacco inclusum esset," cum vide-
rent ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam occasionem n6n
omittendam arbitrati sunt ; credebant enim aurum et ar-
gentum ibi c€larl. Itaque spe lucri adducti saccum sine
mora solvfirunt ; quo facto, venti
** Velut agmine facto
Qua data porta ruunt et terras turbine perflant/*
Extemplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illl cursum
tenfire non possent, sed in eandem partem unde erant
profecti referrentur. Ulixes 6 sonmo excitatus quo in
loco r6s esset statim intell6xit ; saccum solutum, Ithacam
post tergum relictam vidit. Tum v6r6 maxima indigna-
tione exarsit sociosque obiurgabat, quod cupiditate pecu-
niae adducti spem patriae videndae proiScissent.
108 A NEW GRADATDC.
89. Dbawctg Lots.
BrevI intennlssd spatio,^ Graecl Insulae^ cnidam ap-
propmquaTenmt quam Circ€, Mia Solis, incolebat Ibi
cum n&Yem appulissety Ulix^ in terrain fromentandi
caus& ggrediendum esse statuit ; cognoverat enim f rumen-
turn quod in n^vi hab^rent ^ iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad
86 convocatis, quo in loco rfis esset et quid fieri vellet,
ostendit. Cum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent quam
crudfili morte occubuissent el qui nuper in patriam Cyclo-
pum ggressi essent, n€mo repertus est qui hoc negotium
suscipere vellet." Quae cum ita essent, res ad controver-
siam deducta est. Tandem TJlixSs consensu omnium
socios in duas partes divtsit, qu3.rum alter! Eurylochus,
vir summae virtutis,** alteri ipse praeesset. Tum hi duo
inter s6 sortiti sunt, uter in terram 6g^ederetur. Hoc
facto, Eurylocho sorte 6v6nit, ut cum duobus et viginti
sociis rem susciperet.
90. The House op the Enghantbess.
His rebus ita constittitis, ei qui sorte ducti erant in
interiorem partem insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen
timor animos eorum occupSverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin
morti obviam Irent. Vix quidem poterant ei qui in nSvi
relicti erant lacrimas tenure; crSdebant enim s6 socios
suos nunquam iterum visuros. Illi autem aliquantum
itineris^ progress! ad villam (^[uandam pervenSrunt, summa
magnificentia aedificatam ; cuius ad ostium cum adiissent,^
carmen dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit 6ius
vocis dulc^do, ut nuUo modo retingri possent quin ianuam
ULYSSES. 109
pulsS^rent. Hoc facto, ipsa Circe for3s exiit et sumiiia
cum benignitd,te omnes in hospitium iuvit&vit. Eurylo-
chus Insidia^s compard^rl suspicd.tus forls exspect&re
constituit; at reliqui rel novitate adducti intravfirunt.
Convlvium magnificum invgnerunt omnibus rfibus In-
strtictum; et iusstL^ dominae libentissimS accubuSrunt.
At Circe vinum quod servl apposufirunt medicaments
quodam miscuerat ; quod cum illl bibissent, gravl sopdre
subito oppress! sunt.
91. Men Changed to Pigs.
Tum Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam
habebat, baculo aureo quod gerSbat capita eorum tetigit ;
quo facto, omnfis in porcos subito conversi sunt. Interea
Eurylochus ignarus quid in aedibus ager^tur ad ostium
sedebat ; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo
et sollicito exspectaverat, solus ad navem regredi consti-
tuit. Eo cum vfinisset, anxietate ac timore ita perturbatus
fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix Iticide narrare posset. At
mixes satis intellfixit socios suos in perlculo versarl, et
gladio correpto Eurylocho ^' imperavit, ut sine mora viam
ad istam domum monstraret. Ille tamen multls cum
lacrimis Ulixem complexus obsecrare coepit, n6 in tantum
perlculum se committeret : Si quid gravius ei accidisset,
omnium salntem in summo discrlmine futuram. Ulix^s*
autem respondit s6 nfiminem invitum s6cum adducturum ;
el ^* lic6re, si mallet, in navl manure ; s6 ipsum sine tillo
auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc cum magna voce dlxis-
set, 6 navi desiluit et, ntillo *^ sequente, solus in viam s6
dedit.
110 A NEW GRADATIM.
92. The Counteb Charm.
Aliquantum itineris progressus ad viUam mS^gnificam
perveuit, quam cum oculis perltlstrS,sset, statim intrare
statuit ; intell^xit enim banc esse eandem de qud, Euiy-
lochus mentionem f^isset. At cum in eo esset ut limen
trd^nsiret, subito obviam el stetit adulesc€ns form.a pul-
cberrima, aureum baculum mantl gerfins. Hie Ulixem
iam domum intrantem manti corripuit et, " Quo ruis ? "
inquit, "Nonne scis banc esse Circfis domum? Hic
inclusi sunt amid tuT, ex bumS^na specie in porcos con-
versl. Num vis ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? "
Ulixfis simul ac vocem audivit deum Mercurium agnovit ;
nOllis tamen precibus ab institute consiliO deterr€ri potuit.
Quod cum Mercurius sfinsisset, berbam quandam ei dedit,
quam contra carmina maxim© val6re dicebat. "Hanc
cape," inquit, " et ubi Circfi t6 baculo tetigerit, tti, stricto
gladio, impetum in eam vide ut facias." His dictis
Mercurius
^^ MortaJes visus medio sermone reliquit,
Et procul in teuuem ex oculis evanuit auram.*'
93. The Enchantress Foiled.
Brevi intermisso spatio, Ulixfis ad omnia pericula sub-
eunda paratus ostium pulsavit et foribus patefactis ab ipsa
Circ6 benigne exceptus est. Omnia eOdem modo atque
antea facta sunt. CSnam magnifice Instructam vidit et
accumbere itissus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo dSpulsa est,
Circe poculum aureum vino replfitum Ulixi dedit. Hie.
etsi suspicatus est veu6num sibi paratum esse, poculum
ULYSSES. Ill
exhansit. Qu5 fact5, Circ6, postquam caput €ius baculd
tetigit, ea verba locuta est quibus socids 6ius anted, in
porcos converterat. RSs tamen omnino aliter evSnit
atque ilia spSraverat. Tanta enim vis erat Sius herbae
quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque venfinum neque verba
quidquam efficere possent. Ulixfis autem, sicut itlsserat
Mercurius, gladio strict^ impetum in earn f€cit et mortem
minitS^batur. Turn CircS, cum s^nsisset artem suam nihil
val6re, multls cum lacrimls eum obsecrSre coepit, n€
vitam adinieret.
94. Figs Changed to Men.
Ulixes autem ubi s€nsit eam timdre perterritam esse,
postul&vit ut socios sine mord. in humd^nam speciem redU-
ceret, certior enim factus erat & deo Mercurio eos in
porcos converses esse ; nisi id factum esset," ostendit s6
debitas poenas sumpttlrum. At Circe his r6bus graviter
commota ad pedes eius sS proiecit et multls cum lacrimls
iureiarandO confirmavit s6, quae ille imperasset, omnia
factvlram ; tum porcos in atrium immitti iussit. 111! dat5
slgno inruSrunt et cum ducem suum agnovissent, magno
dolore adfecti sunt, quod ntillo modo potufirunt eum de
rebus suis certiorem facere. Circ6 tamen unguento
quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto, omn6s post breve
tempus in speciem humanam redditi sunt. Magno cum
gaudio Ulixfis amicos agnovit et nuntium ad litus misit,
qui reliquis Graecis socios receptos esse diceret.*- I 111
autem his rebus cognitis statim ad domum Circaeam se
contulenint ; qu6 cum vfinissent, omngs tiniversi laetitiae
se dediderunt.
112 A NEW GRADATIM.
95. Afloat Again.
Postrldie 6ius difii XJlix6s in animd habebat ex Insula
quam celerrimfi discedere. Circe tamen, cum baec co-
gnovisset, ex odid ad amorem conversa omnibus precibus
eum or^re et obtestS^ri coepit, ut paucos dies apud se
mordretur; et hoc tandem impetr&to tanta beneficia in
eum contulit, ut facile el " persuasum sit ut ditltius manfiret.
Postquam tamen totum annum apud Circfin constimp-
serat, Ulixfis magno dfisideriS patriae suae videndae motus
est. Sociis igitur ad s6 convocatis, quid in animo habfiret
ostendit Ubi tamen ad lltus dSscendit, navem suam
tempestatibus ita adflictam inv^nit, ut ad navigandum
paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia quae ad
naves reficiendas Qsui*^ sunt comparari itissit; qua in r6
tantam diligentiam omn€s praeb€bant, ut ante tertium
diem opus confScerint. At Circ6, ubi vidit omnia ad
profectionem parata esse, rem aegr6 ferfibat et XJlixem
vehem enter obsecrabat, ut eo consilio® d^sisteret. Ille
tamen, n6 anni tempore a navigatione excluderfitur, matu-
randum sibi existimavit et tempestatem idoneam nactus
navem solvit. Multa quidem perlcula Ulixi* subeunda
erant antequam in patriam suam perveniret, quae tamen
in hoc loco longum est perscribere.
VOCABULARY.
[Related Latin words are i
iidded in square
brackets.]
ABBREVIATIONS.
aM. aablatiye.
inisrf.
B interjection .
aee. = accusative.
intwrrog
. as interrogative.
<Ki0. s adjective.
loc.
a locative.
adv. » adverb.
m.
s masculine.
c. ' B common.
n.
= neuter.
e/. =3 compare.
nom.
s= nominative.
comp. B comparative.
pass.
= passive.
eonj. B conjunction.
part.
= participle.
dat. » dative.
per/.
= perfect.
dep. = deponent.
pl-
« plural.
/. a feminine.
pron.
= pronoun.
^. sand following.
re/leoD.
= reflexive.
g&n. = genitiye.
rel.
= relative.
imp. = imperative.
ting.
= singular.
indecl. « indeclinable.
lieu.
=» usually.
indef. s indefinite.
.«.
= with.
fi, ab, prep. (w. abl.), by, from.
abdS, -ere, -didi, -ditus, hide,
conceal.
abeo, -Ire, -ivi or -il, -itus, go
aioay, depart.
abnuo, -ere, -uK, -uiturus, refuse ^
reject.
abstineo, -€re, -ul, -teutus, keep
from, abstain, [abs + tene5.]
abstraho, -ere, -traxl, -tr9,ctus,
drag away, withdraw.
absum, -esse, Siui, Siuturus, be
away, be absent, be distant;
baud multum (or minimum)
abesse quin, come very near.
abundo, -are,-&yl, -atus, abound,
overflow.
fie (also atque), conj., and; with
aliter, than; simul Sue, as soon
as.
accedo, -ere, -cessi, -cesstirus,
approach, draw near, [ad +
ced5.]
accendo, -ere, -dl, -Snsus, set on
fire, inflame, kindle.
accido, -ere, -cidi, — , fall to ;
befall, happen, come to pass.
[ad + cado.]
accipio, -ere, -cgpl, -ceptus, re-
ceive; welcome, sustain; hos-
pitiO accipere, to welcome as a
guest, [ad + oapio. ]
accumbo, -ere, -cubul, -cubitus,
lay one^s self down, recline at
table.
113
114
VOCABULARY.
accQrfituB, -a, -um, adj., exact,
precise.
accas5, -&re, -ftvl, -fttus, accuse,
charge, [ad + causa.]
ficer, -cris, -ere, adj., sharp, keen,
hitter, fiery.
ficriter, adv., sharply, eagerly,
fiercely.
acuo, -ere, -ui, -tltas, sharpen.
acus, -f\s, f., needle.
acatuB, -a, -um, adj., sharp, intel-
ligent.
ad, prep. (w. ace.), to, at, for,
totcard, near, up to, until.
adds, -ere, -didi, -ditus, add, join.
addaco, -ere, -duxl, -ductus,
bring to, lead, conduct, induce.
adeS, -Ire, -il or -IvI, -itus, go to,
approach.
adfero, -ferre, attull, adl&tus,
bear, bring, give, offer.
adficl5, -ere, -f ^cl, -fectus, affect,
influence, afflict, oppress.
[ad + facio.]
adflgo, -ere, -fixl, fizus, fasten,
attach.
adflictS, -are, -Svl, -3.tus, vex,
torment, toss.
adflig5, -ere, -Ixl, -ictus, dash
against, destroy, shatter.
adhaereo, -ere, -haesl, -haesus,
stick, cling to.
adhac, adv., hitherto, still, till
then.
adimo, -ere, -gml, -€mptus, take
away, deprive, [ad -f emo. ]
adiotor, -Oris, m., helper,
adligo, -are, -avi, -Skins, bind,
fasten.
adloquor, -I, -loctltus, address,
exhort.
adinoneo, -€re, -ul, -itus, warn,
advise.
admoveo, -€re, -mOyi, -mOtus,
bring up, apply, offer.
adripio, -ere, -ripul, -reptus,
snatch, grasp, seize. [ad-|-
rapio.]
adscribS. See SscrlbO.
adsto. See &stO.
adsuni, -esse, -ful, be present^
come.
adulescensj-entis, Bd].,growing ;
as noun, m., youth, young man.
adultus, -a, -um, part., grown up.
adarS, -ere, -tissi, -tistus, scorch^
singe, burn, [ad + uro.]
advehS, -ere, -vexl, -vectus,
carry, convey; pass., ride.
advena, -ae, f., stranger, [ad-
venio.]
advenio, -ire, -vfinl, -ventus, ar-
rive at, come to.
adventus, -lis, m., arrival, ap-
proach, [advenio.]
adversus, -a, -um, adj., contrary,
adverse, against.
advoco, -are, -avJ, -&tus, sum-
mon, invite, call, [ad + voco. ]
aedes, -ium, f. pi., house, dwell-
ing, palace.
aedlfico, -&re, -&vl, -atus, build,
erect, construct.
aegre, adv., badly ; aegre ferre, to
be annoyed, be angry, [aeger.]
Aegyptus, -i, f., Egypt.
Aeolla, -ae, f., an island near
Sicily.
VOCABtJLARY.
116
Aeolus, -i, m., king of the toinds.
aequo, -&re, -9.vl, -&tus, equal,
rival, [aequos.]
aequuB, -qua, -qaum, adj., equal,
even, level, fair.
AesSn, -5nis, m., Aeson,
aestas, -&tis, f., summer.
aestimo, -&re, -&yi, -fttus, think,
Judge, value.
aestns, -tls, m., tide.
aeternus, -a, -um, adj., of an age ;
in aetemum, forever.
Aetna, -ae, f.. Mount Aetna in
Sicily.
Afer, -fra, -frum, adj., African.
Africa, -ae, f., Africa.
age, come. See agO.
ager, -gri, m., field, plain, and,
country.
aggredior, -i, -gressos, ap-
proach, fall upon, assail, at-
tack, [ad + gradior, step. ]
agito, -Are, -S.vl, -d>tas, drive,
toss, rouse, [ago.]
Sgmen, -inls, n., army, troop,
line of march, [ago.]
ag^oscS, -ere, -nOvi, -nitus, rec-
ognize, become acquainted
with, know, [ad + (g) nosco.]
ago, -ere, egi, actus, do, keep,
conduct; act, drive, perform,
treat about; gratias ag5, I
thank ; imp. age as iuterj.,
come.
agricola, -ae, m., farmer.
Sla, -ae, f., wing.
alaeer, -ens, -ere, adj., brisk,
active, quick.
Albertus, -I, m., Albert.
albus, -a, -um, adj., white,
Alfredus, -I, m., Alfred.
allquandS, adv., now and then,
sometimes, once upon a time^
once.
aliquantum, -i, n., some, a little^
w. partit. gen.
aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. pron«
adj., any, some.
aliquls, -qua, -quid, indef. pron.,
somebody, any one.
aliter, adv., otherwise; aliter&c,
otherwise than.
alius, -a, -ud, adj., other, another,
different, besides ; aliae alias
in partes, some in one direc-
tion, others in another.
alo, -ere, alul, altus or alitus,
nourish, maintain.
alter,' -tera, -terum, adj., one of
two, the other, the second.
altus, -a, -um, adj., high, deep.
alveus, -i, m., river-bed.
ambS, -ae, -0, pron., both.
ambulo, -are, -avi, -atus, walk
about, walk.
amentia, -ae, f., madness.
amicus, -I, m., friend.
amnis, -is, m., river.
amo, -are, -avi, -atus, love, like,
amor, -Oris, m., love, affection.
amoveo, -gre, -mOvi, -mOtus, re-
move,withdraw. [ab+ moved.]
amplector, -i, -exus, embrace^
caress.
amplexus, -iis, m., embrace, ca-
ress, [amplector. ]
an, conj., or (used in the second
member of double questions).
116
VOCABULARY.
anas, -atis, f ., duck.
aoatlcula, -ae, f., duckling,
ancllla, -ae, f., maidservant,
ancora, -ae, f., anchor.
angustus, -a, -urn, adj., nar-
row,
anlmadverto, -ere, -verti, -ver-
sus, direct the mind ; observe,
notice, perceive, [animus -|-
ad + verto.]
animal, -alls, n., animal, crea-
ture.
animosus, -a, -am, adj., full of
courage, bold.
animus, -I, m., mind, heart,
spirit, courage ; in animd
habere or esse, to intend.
annus, -i, m., year.
finser, -eris, m., goose.
ante, prep. (w. ace.), before.
an tea, adv., before,
antequam, conj., before that,
before, [ante + qnam.]
antiquus, -S>, -um, adj., old, an-
cient.
antrum, -i, n., cave.
anus, -tls, f., old woman.
anxietas, -SXia, f., solicitude,
anxiety.
anxius, -a, -am, adj., choked ;
troubled, solicitous, anxious.
aperlo, -ire, -erui, -ertas, un-
cover, open, show.
apertus, -a, -um, part., open.
Apollo, -inis, m., Apollo.
appareo, -€re, -ai, -iturus, ap-
pear, show one^s self.
appello, -are, -&vl, -fttus, call,
name, address.
appello, -ere, -poll, -palsas, dash
against, come to land, put in,
land ( w. navem) . [ad -|- pello.]
appono, -ere, -posui, -positus,
put on the table, set before,
serve to. [ad -|- pond.]
appropinquo, -&re, -&vi, -&tas,
draw near, approach.
aptus, -a, -am, adj., fitted, suit'
able, ready.
apud, prep. (w. ace), at, near, in
the presence of, among.
aqua, -ae, f., water; aquae,
mineral springs.
aqnila, -ae, f ., eagle.
aratrum, -i, n., plough.
arbitrium, -I, n., judgment, de-
cision.
arbitror, -&rl, -Sktas, believe j
consider, think.
arbor, -oris, f., tree.
area, -ae, f., chest, strong-box.
arcesso, -ere, -ivi, -itas, send
for, summon, call.
arcus, -CLs, m., bow.
ardeo, -€re, arsi, &rsas, be on
fire, burn, blaze.
Srdor, -Oris, m., fire, heat.
argentum, -I, n., silver.
aries, -etis, m., ram,
arista, -ae, f., ear of corn.
arma, -Oram, n., arms, weapons,
armor.
armo, -Sre, -5.vi, -atus, arm,
equip ; armfttus as adj., armed.
aro, -are, -Svi, -3,tus, plough,
till.
ars, artis, f., ai't, skill, cunning.
arte, adv., closely, fast, firmly.
VOCABULARY.
117
artuSf -a, -um, adj., close, fast,
tight.
as, assis, m., a copper coin (value
nearly 2 cents).
ascendo, -ere, -scendl, -fic^nsus,
climb up, mount,
asciscS, -ere, -ivi, -Itus, adopt,
admit,
ascribo, -ere, -flcrlpsi, -flcrlptus,
enroll, add, join.
asinus, -i, m., donkey, ass,
asper, -pera, -perum, adj., rough,
dangerous,
fispicio, -ere, -6x1, -ectus, look
at, behold, espy, see.
fisto, -9.re, -stiti, — , stand at, take
position near,
astrolog^s, -I, m., astrologer,
star-gazer.
at, conj., but.
Atheniensis, -e, adj., Athenian.
atque or ac, conj. , and also, and,
as, than; simul ac, as soon as,
atrium, -i, n., hall, chief room.
atrox, -ocis, adj., ^erc6, terrible,
cruel,
attlngo, -ere, -tigl, -t&ctus, touch,
reach, arrive at. [ad + tan-
go]
attonitus, -a, -um, adj., thunder-
struck, astonished.
attuli. See adfer5.
audax, -9,cis, adj., bold, daring,
rash.
audeo, -€re, ausus, semi-dep.,
dare, venture.
audio, -ire, -Ivi or -ii, -itus, hear,
listen to.
aufero, -ferre, abstull, ablatus,
bear or take away, snatch
away, remove, [ab -f fero. ]
Augustus, -1, m., Augustus.
aura, -ae, f., air.
aurfitus, -a, -um, adj., gilt, gilded.
aureus, -a, -um, adj., of gold,
golden,
auris, -is, f ., ear.
aurum, -i, n., gold.
australis, -e, adj., southern,
aut, conj., or, either.
autem, conj., but, moreover, hovh
ever, now.
auxilior, -&rl, -3>tus, give help,
aid, assist, [auzilinm.]
auxilium, -I, n., help, aid, assist-
ance, [augeo.]
avfirus, -a, -um, adj., covetous,
greedy.
aversor, -ftri, -atus, turn away,
shrink from, avoid, [averto.]
averto, -ere, -ti, -sus, turn aside
or away, withdraw.
avidus, -a, -um, adj., greedy,
longing,
avis, -is, f., bird,
B.
Bacchus, -i, m., Bacchus (god
of wine).
baculum, -I, n., stick, staff,
cane.
Balbus, -i, m., Balbus.
barba, -ae, f., beard,
barbarus, -a, -um, adj., barba-
rous, foreign; as noun, m.,
stranger, foreigner.
belluTfi, -i, n., war.
bene, adv., well, [bonus.]
118
VOCABULARY.
beneficium, -X, n., kindness, bene-
fit, servicer [bene + fftdd.]
benevolentla, -ae, f., goodwill^
friendship^ favor. [bene +
volo.]
benigne, adv., kindly, with
friendship.
benignitfis, -fttis, t,, friendliness,
kindness, courtesy,
benignuB, -a, -um, adj., kind-
hearted, kindly, good.
hibH, -ere, bibi, — , drink.
bini, -ae, -a, adj., two at a time,
two.
Boe5tuB, -a, -um, adj., Boeotian.
bonus, -a, -um, adj., good.
b5s, bovis, m. and f., ox or
cow.
brevi, adv., in a short time.
brevis, -e, adj., short, small.
Britannia, -ae, f., Britain.
BritannicuB, -a, -um, adj., Brit-
ish.
BritannuB, -i, m., Briton.
Brutus, -I, m., Brutus.
C.
cadaver, -eris, n., corpse.
cad5, -ere, cecidi, casus, fall.
caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind.
caedes, -is, f., murder, blood-
shed, [caedo.]
caed5, -ere, cecidi, caesus, cut,
beat, kill.
caelum, -I, n., sky, heavens.
calamitfis, -fttis, f., loss, injury,
disaster, misfortune.
calathus, -I, m., basket.
Calebus, -X, m., Caleb.
calefaciS, -ere, -feci, -factos,
make utarm ; heat, make hot.
callide, adv., cunningly, shrewd-
ly.
cailiduB, -a, -um, adj., cunning,
clever, crafty, shrewd.
canls, -is, c, dog.
eantuB, -iLs, m. , singing, song.
caper, -prl, m., he-goat.
caplllus, -I, m., hair.
capiS, -ere, cSpI, captus, take,
seize, capture, receive, adopt.
captlvus, -I, m., one captured;
captive, prisoner, [capio.]
capto, -ftre, -&vl, -&tus, catch,
catch at. [capio.]
caput, -pitis, n., head; damn&re
capitis, to condemn to death.
career, -eris, m., prison, jail;
pi., starting-place, barrier.
careo, -Sre, -ul, -iturus, be in
want of, be without.
carmen, -inis, n., song, charm,
incantation.
caro, carnis, f., flesh.
Carol us, -I, m., Charles.
carpo, -ere, -psi, -ptiis, pick,
pluck, gather, enjoy.
carus, -a, -um, adj., dear.
casa, -ae, f., hut, cottage.
easeus, -i, m., cheese.
castra, -5rum, n., camp.
caso, adv., by chance, [casus.]
casus, -lis, m., chance, mis-
chance, disaster, [cado.]
caterva, -ae, f., croiod, band of
men, throng.
Cats, -6n\s, m., Cato.
Cauda, -ae, f., tail.
VOCABULARY.
119
causa, -ae, f., cause, reason., mo-
tive, case ; abl. as adv., w. gen.,
for the sake o/, on account of.
caveo, -€re, c&vl, cautus, he/ware
of guard against,
cedo, -ere, cessi, cessiis, go^
vrithdraio, yield.
celebro, -are, -avi, -Atus, fre-
quent, celebrate,
celer, -eris, -ere, adj., smft,
speedy.
celeritas, -Atis, f., swiftness,
speed.
celeriter, adv., quickly, in haste,
promptly.
ceierrime, superl. of celeriter.
cel5, -&re, -&yi, -&tU8, conceal,
hide.
cena, -ae, 1, principal meal,
dinner, supper.
Cennetus, 4, m., Kenneth.
ceno, -&re, -Svl, -Stus, sup, dine,
take dinner, [cena.]
CerSs, -eris, f., Ceres (goddess of
agriculture).
certfimen, -minis, n., struggle,
battle, [certo.]
certe, adv., certainly, surely.
certlSrem facio, inform (inake
more certain),
certo, -are, -AvI, -atus, strive,
contend.
■ cervix, -Icis, f ., neck.
cervuB, -I, m., stag,
ceB85, -&re, -ftvl, ^atus, cease
from, be inactive, stop, [cedo.]
ceteri, -ae, -a, adj., the others,
the rest.
chorus, -I, m., dance, crowd, band.
cibus, -X, m., food.
Cimbri, -Oram, m., the Cimbri
(a i>eople of North Ger-
many).
clngo, -ere, cinxl, cinctus, sur-
round, encircle.
Circaeus, -a, -um^ adj., of Circe,
Circe^s.
Circe, -ae or -es, i., an enchant-
ress, daughter of the sun.
circum, adv., and prep. (w. ace),
around, about.
circumd5, -dare, -dedl, -datus,
set round, surround, encircle.
clvis, -is, c, citizen,
clfides, -is, f ., slaughter, destruc-
tion, defeat.
clam, adv., secretly ; as prep,
(w. abl.), unknown to,
clfimit5, -ftre, -avi, -atus, cry
aloud, shout,
clamor, -Oris, m., shout, cry,
shriek,
clangor, -Oris, m., noise, sound,
clang.
daudo, -ere, -si, -sus, shut,
close.
daustra, -orum, n., barrier, dike.
cliens, -entis, c, dependent,
patient.
Cloelia, -ae, f., Cloelia.
(coepio), -ere, coepi, coeptus,
begin, commence.
coerceo, -fire, -ul, -itus, keep
back, check, restrain.
coetus, -Us, m. assemblage, gath-
ering, company, [co- + eo. ]
cogito, -are, -avi, -atus, consider,
ponder, weigh, reflect upon.
120
VOCABULARY.
c9gn5Bc5, -ere, -gnOvI, -gnitus,
find otUj recognize, learn ;
pf., knovo, [co- + (g) nosco.]
c5g5, -ere, coSgl, coactus, gather,
compel, force, [co-+ag6.]
cohibeo, -€re, -ul, -itus, holdfast,
check, hinder, [co- + habeo.]
collum, I, n., neck,
col5, -ere, -ul, cultus, cultivate,
dwell in, inhabit.
colonus, -I, m., farmer, [cold.]
color, -^r\s, m., color, hue.
com- or CO-, inseparable prefix,
an old form of cum, meaning
together with ; as an intensive,
altogether, completely, very, eta,
coma, -ae, f., hair, leaf,
comes, -ills, c. , companion, com-
rade, attendant, [com- + eo. ]
comltas, -9.tis, f., courte»y, kind-
ness.
commefitus, -lis, m. , provisions,
supplies.
commeinoro, -ftre, -Hvl, -9,tus,
relate, recount, tell.
commltto, -ere, -misl, -missus,
intrust, begin, commit, de-
liver,
coinmoneo, -ere, -ul, -itus, re-
mind, impress upon,
commoror, -an, -fitus, delay,
linger J wait.
commoveo, -«re, -mOvi, -mOtus,
move violently, alarm, pro-
voke, induce, [com- + moved]
comparo, -are, -avi, -atus, make
ready, prepare, provide, plot.
complector, -I, -plexus, fold to-
gether; embrace, enfold.
compleo, -6re, -6yi, -etus, Jill,
com pi ores, -a or -ia, adj., sev-
eral, many, a number.
confituB, -Us, m., attempt, under-
taking, enterprise,
concedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus,
yield, grant, give up, [com- +
cedo.]
concipio, -ere, -c6pl, -ceptus,
take up, conceive, devise,
[com- + capio.]
concurro, -ere, -curri or -cu-
currl, -cursus, run together,
assemble, [com- + curro. ]
condiciS, -Gnis, f., condition,
terms, [com- + dico.]
condo, -ere, -dldl, -ditus, found,
store up, lay away.
cond5no, -are, -avi, -atus, de-
vote, consecrate.
conecto, -ere, — , -nexus, bind
together; join, tie,
cSnfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus,
bring together ; gather, collect,
bestow, confer ; w. 86, betake
one^s self, go, [com- + fero.,]
cSnflciS, -ere, -feel, -fectus,
wear out, overcome, exhaust ;
accomplish, do,
confirmo, -are, -avI, -atus,
strengthen, reinforce, steady ;
affirm, assert,
conicio, -ere, -iecl, -iectus,
throw, hurl, cast,
coniunx, -iugis, c, husband or
wife.
conligo, -ere, -legi, -lectus, pick
up, collect ; gather together.
conloquor, -i, -locutus, con-
VOCABULARY.
121
verse, hold a conference, con-
fer, parley, [com- + loqnor.]
Conor, ^ri, -&tus, attempt, try,
seek.
conscendo, ^re, -di, -ensus,
climb up, mount, embark.
consensus, -us, m., agreement,
consent.
considers, -3.re, -&vl, -atus, in-
spect, examine.
consilium, -I, ii., plan, device,
advice, wisdom, counsel; con-
silium capere, to form a plan,
resolve.
conslsto, -ere, -stiti, -stitus,
stand still, halt, stop.
conspectus, -us, m., sight, view.
conspicio, -ere, -spSxi, -spectus,
see, espy, perceive.
cSnstans, -antis, adj., ^rm, stead-
fast, faithful, true.
constanter, a.dy.,flrmly, steadily,
resolutely, [constans. ]
cSnstantia, -ae, f . , fii'mness, per-
severance, faithfulness, [con-
stans. ]
constituo, -ere, -ui, -titus, estab-
lish, determine, fix, decide, re-
solve.
cSnsto, -3.re, -stitI, -staturus, con-
sist of; constat, it is agreed or
known, [com- + pto.]
consuesco, -ere, -suevi, -suStus,
accustom; usu. pf. system, be
accustomed, be wont.
consuetndo, -inis, f., custom,
habit.
cSnsuI, -is, m., consul, chief
magistrate.
consfimo, -ere, -sflmpsi, -stimp-
tus, eat, destroy, spend, pass.
contemplor, -3.ii, -S>tus, observe,
consider, think over.
contends, -ere, -di, -tus, hasten,
struggle, strive.
con ten tus, -a, -um, adj., satis-
fied, pleased, [coniineo.]
contineo, -Sre, -uT, -tentus, hold,
keep back, bound, surround.
[com- + teneo.]
continuus, -a, -um, adj., succes-
sive, in succession, [contined.]
contra, prep. (w. ace), against.
controversia, -ae, f., dilute,
quarrel, contention.
contus, -1, m.,pole.
conveniS, -Ire, -veni, -ventus,
come together, assemble, agree,
accord.
convenit, convenit, impers., it
is agreed.
converts, -ere, -verti, -versus,
turn towards, turn round,
change, transform.
convincS, -ere, -vicl, -victus,
overcome, completely con-
quer.
conviva, -ae, c, guest.
convivium, -i, w., feast, banquet.
[com- + vivo. ]
convocS, -are, -Svi, -atus, call
together, assemble, summon.
cobrior, -In, coortus, arise, ap-
pear.
copia, -ae, t.,^mg., plenty, abun-
dance, supply ; ^\. forces, troops.
coquS, -ere, cOxI, coctus, cooA;,
bake.
122
VOCABULARY.
cSram, adv., and prep. (w. abl.),
openly f in presence of.
Coriuthius, -a, -am, adj., of
Corinthy Corinthian.
coriun, -I, n., skin^ hide, lecUJier.
cornfl, -Qs, n., horn.
corSna, -ae, f., crown.
corpust -oris, n., body ^ form.
corripiS, -ere, -ui, -reptus, seize,
snatch up, grasp. [com- +
rapio.]
cothurnus, -I, m., top-boot, bus-
kin.
cottidianus, -a, -um, adj., of
every day, daily.
cottidie, adv., daily, every day.
crfis, adv., to-morrow.
crfttera,-ae, f., mixing bowl, bowl.
creber, -bra, -brum, adj., fre-
quent, numerous, thick.
credo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, believe,
suppose, trust, entrust.
creo, -are, -avi, -Stus, create,
make.
cresco, -ere, crfivi, crStus, in-
crease, grow.
creta, -ae, f., chalk.
crudilis, -e, adj., cruel, fierce,
pitiless.
crudelitas, -9>tis, f., harshness,
severity, cruelty.
cruor, -Oris, m., gore, blood.
eras, crilris, n., leg.
culter, -tri, m., knife, razor.
cultus, -us, m., cultivation, care,
culture, [colo. ]
cum, prep. (w. abl.), with, to-
gether with.
cum, conj., when, since, while,
after ; com . . . torn, both . • .
and.
conae, -&rum, f., cradle.
conctus, -a, -um, adj., all, in a
body, the whole.
cupide, adv., eagerly, greedily.
cupidltas, -atis, f., longing, de-
sire, eagerness, [capidus.]
cupidS, -dinis, f., desire, wish,
longing, [capidus. ]
cupidus, -a, -um, adj., eager,
desirous, anxious, [cupio.]
cupiS, -ere, -IvI or -ii, -itus, de-
sire, wish, long for.
ciir, adv., why f
cura, -ae, f., care, trouble, worry.
ciiro, -9.re, -avi, -atus, care, take
care.
curro, -ere, cucurrl, cursus, run,
rush, hasten.
cursus, -lis, m., running, race,
course, [curro. ]
curvus, -a, -um, adj., crooked,
winding.
cQstodio, -Ire, -ivi or -ii, -Itus,
guard, watch over, protect.
cfistos, -Odis, c, guard, warder,
keeper.
Cyclops, -Opis, m., (round eye),
Cyclops (one of the fabulous
giants off the coast of Sicily).
c^^gnus, -1, m., swan.
D.
damno, -Sre, -3,vl, -atus, sen-
tence, doom, condemn, [dam-
num.]
damnum, -I, n., hurt, harm,
damage, injure.
VOCABULARY.
123
Dani, -(^rum, m., Danes.
dapSs, -um, f., feast ^ banquet,
food.
de, prep. (w. abl.), /rom, about,
concerning,
dea, -ae (dat. and abl. pi., deft-
bus), f., goddess.
debeo, -€re, -ol, -itus, oioe,
ought.
debltus, -a, -um, adj., owed;
due, appropriate, becoming.
decern, adj., indecl., ten.
decerto, -are, -fivl, -fttus, strug-
gle, contend.
deeet, -€re, decuit, impers., it is
fitting.
decido, -ere, -cidi, — ,fall down,
fall, [de + cado.]
decimus, -a, -um, adj., tenth.
dedecus, -oris, n., disgrace.
deditio, -onis, f., surrender.
dedS, -ere, -didi, -ditus, resign,
surrender, give up, yield.
dedoco, -ere, -xl, -uctus, escort,
bring, draw out, carry down,
launch.
defamo, -9xe, -avi, -fttus, soil,
sully.
defends, -ere, -di, -fensus, de-
fend, protect, keep off.
defero, dSferre, detuli, dSlatus,
drive, force, carry ; carry
down, report.
defessus, -a, -um, adj., tired,
weary.
deflcio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, be
wanting, fail, give out.
dSQuo, -ere, -fluxi, -fluxus,
fiow by.
defSrmlB, -e, adj., ugly, mis-
shapen.
dego, -6re, dfigl, — , spend, pass.
dehiscS, -ere, — , — , yawn,
gape.
deiciS, -ere, «-i6cI, -iectus, throw
down, dishearten ; cast, drive,
force.
deinde, adv., then, next, after-
wards.
delects, -are, -avI, -fttus, de-
light, charm, please.
deliciae, -ftrum, f., treat.
delictum, -I, n., fatilt, o fence.
dellgS, -ere, -legl, -iSctus,
choose, select.
de mitts, -ere, -misi, -missus,
send from ; let down, let go,
lose ; demissus, downcast, de-
jected ; animum dSmittere, to
lose courage, despair.
demSnstrS, -ftre, -ftvl, -&tus,
show, indicate, prove.
demum, adv., at length. *
denique, adv., at last.
dens, dentis, m., tooth.
densus, -a, -um, adj., thick, dense,
depellS, -ere, -pull, -pulsus,
drive away, banish, remove.
dependeS, -€re, — , — , hang
down.
depSnS, -ere, -posul; -positus,
lay down, put aside.
deports, -are, -avi, -atus, carry
down or off, bring home.
derides, -€re, -risi, -risus, jeer,
mock.
descends, -ere, -di, -€nsus, de-
scend, dismount, disembark.
124
VOCABULARY.
dSser9, -ere, -ra!, -rtus, desert^
abandon, forsake.
desertus, -a, -um, part., de-
serted, desolate,
dSsiderium, -I, n., longing, wish,
desire,
dSsilio, -Ire, -ilul, -ultus, jump
down, leap overboard,
desisto, -ere, -still, -stitus,
leave off, stop, give up.
despero, -9.re, -3.yi, -fttus, de-
spair of, give up.
destringo, -ere, -inxl, -ictiis,
draio, unsheath,
desuin,-esse,-f ui,/a27, be wanting.
deterred, -€re, -ul, -itus, deter,
prevent, frighten.
detraho, -ere, -trftxl, -trftctus,
draw or throw off, remove,
deturbo, -9.re, -&vl, -Situs, upset,
throw away, drive away, dis-
lodge,
deus, -I, m., god,
devius, -a, -um, adj., out of the
way, retired.
devoro, -&re, -9.yl, -atus, eat, de-
vour, consume.
devoveo, -ere, -vOvi, -votus, de-
vote, offer, give up.
dextra, -ae, f., right hand.
Diana, -ae, f., Diana (goddess
of hunting).
dico, -ere, dixl, dictus, say, tell,
appoint.
dies, -€i, m., day,
dlfflcllls, -e, adj., difficult, hard,
ill-tempered, perilous.
dignus, -a, -um, adj., worthy,
suitable, proper.
diligenter, adv., carefully, scru-
pulously, [dnigens. ]
dOigentia, -ae, 1, industry, dili-
gence, care, [diligens.]
dirigS, -ere, -r6xi, -rectus, d/rec^,
guide, [de + rego. ]
diripiS, -ere, -ul, -eptus, tear
asunder, ravage, [cU- + rapid.]
dirus, -a, -um, adj., fearful,
dreadful, violent.
dls- or di-, unseparable prefix
meaning apart, in different di-
rections,
dlscedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus, de-
part from, leave, go.
disclplina, -ae, f., discipline, or-
der, teaching.
discrimen, 4nis, n., crisis, risk,
peril, danger ; r6s in discrimi-
ne est, the situation is critical.
dlsiciS, -ere, -i6cl, -iectus, dis-
joint, separate, scatter, dis-
perse, [dis- 4- iacid. ]
dlspono, -ere, -posui, -positus,
arrange, set in order, post,
assign.
dlsslmlUs, -e, adj., unlike, dif-
ferent.
distans, -antis, adj., distant.
difi, adv., for a long time, long.
diStius, adv., longer, for some
time.
divello, -ere, -velli, -vulsus, tear
up or apart, snatch away, re-
move.
diversus, -a, -um, adj., different.
dives, divitis, adj., rich, wealthy.
divido, -ere, -visi, -visus, divide,
separate.
VOCABULARY.
125
divinuB, s,, -um, adj., divine.
divitiae, -9.ruiii, f ., riches, wealth,
divolgo, -9.re, -9,vi, -&tus, spread
abroad^ publish.
do, dare, dedi, datns, give, offer,
bestow, confer.
doceo, -€re, -cul, -ctu% teach,
show, tell.
dolor, -Oris, m., grief, pain.
dolus, -I, m.., deceit; trick, fraud,
cunning.
domesticus, -a, -um, adj., of the
house, domestic, [domus.]
domi, loc. of domus, at home.
domlna, -ae, f., mistress.
dominus, -i, m., lord, master.
domo, -9.re, -ul, -itus, subdue,
tame, conquer, [domus.]
domus, -us, f . , house, home.
dono, -are, -avi, -atus, give, pre-
sent, bestow, confer.
donum, -i, n. , gift,present. [do. ]
dormio, -ire, -ivi or -ii, -itus,
sleep, slumber.
dubit5, -are, -avI, -atus, doubt,
question, hesitate.
dubius, -a, -um, adj., doubtful,
. uncertain; sine dubiO, with-
out doubt; nOn or baud du-
bium est quin, there is no doubt
that.
dSco, -ere, ddxi, ductus, lead,
conduct, draw, marry (a wife).
dulcedo, -inis, f., sweetness,
charm, [dulcis. ]
dulcls, -e, adj., sweet, agreeable,
pleasant, delightful.
dum, conj., while, as long as.
duo, -ae, -o, adj., two.
duodeclm, indecl. adj., twelve.
diirus, -a, -um, adj., hard, rough,
harsh, cruel.
dux, ducis, ra., leader, general,
[duc5.]
e, ex, prep. (w. abl.), out of,
from.
ebriuB, -a, -um, adj., drunken^
intoxicated.
ebur, -oris, n., ivory.
ecce, adv., see! behold!
edo, edei^e or esse, edi, 6sus, eat,
devour, consume.
ed5, -ere, -didi, -ditus, give
forth, utter, raise, set up.
Edvardus, -I, m., Edward.
officio, -ere, -f€cl, -fectus, . ftnn^
about, effect, accomplish, [ex +
facid. ]
e£nigl9, -ere, -fugi, — , flee
away, escape, avoid, [ex +
fugiSO
eifundo, -ere, -fadi, -fusus, up-
set, scatter, pour forth, [ex +
fdndo.]
egenus, -a, -um, adj., poor, needy.
ego, pron., /.
egredlor, -i, -gressus, come out,
disembark, land; in terram
€gredi, to land, go ashore.
egreglus, -a, -um, adj., distin-
guished, excellent, noble.
eheu, adv., alas!
elephantus, -i, m., elephant.
elido, -ere, -si, -sus, shaAter^
crush, destroy.
Ellsabetha, -ae, f., Elizabeth
(queen of England).
126
VOCABULARY.
elfidS, -ere, -si, -sos, avoids
cheat, make sport of,
emlneo, -&re, -va, — , stand ottt,
projecti show one*s self.
emittS, -ere, -misi, -missas, let
go, send out.
emS, -ere, Smi, emptas, buy.
en, adv., see ! behold !
enim, conj., /or, in fad, you
see.
eo, Ire, il or IvI, itSLms, go.
£ptie8iii8,-a, -um, adj., j^pAenan.
epistula, -ae, f., letter.
epulae, -arum, f., feast, banquet,
dinner.
eques, -itis, m. , knight, horseman.
eqnidem, dA'^., indeed, certainly,
yes.
equus, -I, m., horse, steed.
eripio, -ere, -ipui, -eptus, snatch
away, save, rescue, [e + rapid. ]
erro, -are, -avi, -atus, wander,
mistake, be wrong.
emmpo, -ere, -rupl, -ruptus,
break out, burst forth, rush
out.
esurio, -ire, — , -ittirus, be hun-
gry, suffer hunger,
et, conj., and; et . . . et, both
. . . and.
etiam, conj., also, even, besides,
too.
etsi, conj., although,
Eurylochus, -i, m. , one of Ulys-
ses'' men.
evado, -ere, -si, -sus, turn out,
get away, escape.
evanesco, -ere, -nui, — , vanish
ox fade away, disappear.
\ evens, -ere, -velli, -ynlsus, pull
or pluck out,
evenio, -Ire, -v6nl, -ventos, hap-
pen, occur, result, succeed.
ex or c, prep. (w. abl.), from,
away from, out of, of.
exanlmo, -are, -avI, -atus, tire,
weaken, exhaust.
exardesc^, -ere, -arsi, -arsus, he
inflamed, be provoked, rage.
excipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus,
catch, come next to, interrupt ;
receive, welcome, [ex + capio. ]
excito, -are, -avi, -atus, arouse,
rouse, wake.
exclamS, -are, -avi, -atus, cry
out, shout, exclaim.
exclado, -ere, -si, -sus, shut out,
hinder, prevent; (of eggs)
hatch.
excog^to, -are, -avi, -atus, think,
contrive, devise.
excubiae, -arum, f., watch.
exeo, -ire, -ii, -itus, go out, go
away, depart.
exerceo, -€re, -ui, -itus, vex, eX"
ercise, try, test.
exercitus, -us, m'. , army, force.
exhauiio, -ire, -hausi, -haustus,
empty, drink up.
exlg^us, -a, -um, adj., small,
scanty, mean,
existiino, -are, -avi, -atus, think,
judge, consider.
exitium, -i, n., destruction, ruin.
expers, -pertis, adj., without,
free from.
exploro, -are, -avi, -atus, exam"
ine, explore, spy out.
VOCABULARY.
127
expono, -ere, -posul, -positus,
set forth; in terram, land, put
ashore,
exprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pressus,
squeeze, squeeze out, extract.
exquiro, -ere, -elvl, -situs, search
for^ seek out, hunt for.
exsllio, -ire, -ui, — , jump forth,
dart out, [ex + salid.]
exsilium, -i, n., place of exile,
exile, banishment,
exspectO, -ftre, -&vi, -&ius, expect,
wait for, wait.
exsiil, -ulis, c, wanderer, exile.
exsupero, -ire, -avi, -atus, over-
come, be too much for, surpass.
extemplo, adv., immediately, at
once.
extremus, -a, -um, adj., superl.,
outermost; at the end of, last.
F.
fSaber, -bri, m., artisan, carpen-
ter, smith.
fSbiila, -ae, f., story, tale.
facile, adv., easily, readily.
facills, -e, adj., easy.
facinus, -iuoris, n., crime.
[fado.]
fkcio, -ere, feci, factus, make,
do, form, cause, find; facere
naufragium, be shipwrecked.
factum, -i, n., act, action, deed.
[facio.]
facultas, -atis, f ., chance, oppor-
tunity, [facilis.]
fallo, -ere, fefelli, falsus, deceive,
elude, cheat.
fama, -afe, f., report, rumor.
famSs, -is, f., hunger, famine.
farina, -ae, f ., flour.
ffttfiUs, -e, adj., fated, fateful^
dangerous, deadly.
fauces, -ium, f., throat, jaws.
faveS, -6re, favl, fautus, favor,
fax, facis, f., torch.
fefelli. See fallO.
fSliciter, adv., happily, fortU"
nately, favorably, [felix.]
fSmina, -ae, f., woman.
tenum, -i, n., hay.
fera, -ae, f., wild beast, animal.
fere, adv., almost, nearly, about.
feriae, -arum, f., festival.
feriS, -Ire, — , — , strike, beat,
thrust.
fero, ferre, tull, latus, bear,
carry, take, say, tell; aegrfi
or indlgne, take it ill, be vexed.
ferSx, -Ocis, adj., ^erce, savage.
ferrum, i, n., iron, sword.
fertilis, -e, a.d]., fertile.
fervidus, -a, -um, adj., burning,
fiery, hot.
fessus, -a, -um, adj., tired, weak,
exhausted.
fldelis, -e, adj., trusty, faithful.
fides, -ei, f., faith, promise,
credit,
Fig^lus, -i, m., Figulus.
figQra, -ae, f., form, figure.
filia, -ae, f., daughter.
filius, -i, m., son.
findo, -ere, — , fissus, split, divide.
fiDgo, -ere, finxl, fictus, form,
invent, fashion, build.
finio, -Ire, -ivi, -itus, finish, end,
decide, [finis. ]
128
VOCABULAKY.
finis, -is, m., end, boundary ; pL,
Urrilor^.
fiidtimiis, -a, -1011^ adj^ neigh-
baring^ near, [ftnia.]
ti^, fieri, facias, be made or
done, become.
fimilter,adv.,^nii7y. [firmns.]
firnms, -a, -am, adj.,^nii, ttrong,
powerful.
flafi^ns, -antis, adj., flaming,
glowing, burning.
flamma, -ae, t, flame, fire.
fleets, -ere, flSxi, flexus, bend,
bow, turn.
flos, flOris, in., flower, blossom.
flnctus, -OS, nL, wave, billow,
tide.
flomen, -inis, n., river, stream.
focus, -1, m., hearth.
fons, fontis, m., spring, fountain.
f oraSf adv. , out of doors, out.
fore = futunis esse, f ut. inf. of
sum.
foris, -is, f., door; pi., folding
door, double doors, entrance.
foris, adv., out of doors, outside.
fSrma, -ae, f., form, figure,
beauty.
formica, -ae, f., ant.
formosus, -a, -um, adj., beauti-
ful, handsome, [forma.]
forte, adv., by chance, as it hap-
pened.
fortis, -e, adj., strong, brave,
valiant.
fortitudo, -inis, f., manliness,
bravery, courage, [fortis.]
fortnna, -ae, f., fortune, fate,
chance.
forum, -I, n., market-place,
forum.
fossa, -ae, f ., ditch, trench.
fragor, -oris, m., splash, noise,
crash, din.
tnoigo, -ere, frSgl, fractos,
break, shatter.
f rater, -iris, m., brother.
fraus, fraadis, f., deceit, trickery,
crime,
Fredericus, -I, m., Frederick.
freno, -are, -avi, -atus, curb,
check, restrain.
frig^dus, -a, -am, adj., cold,
chilled, freezing.
firons, frondis, f., leaf.
frons, frontis, f., forehead, brow.
fractus, -us, m., product, fruit.
[firaor.]
fragSlls, -e, adj., thrifty, frugal.
[frax.]
framentor, 9.ri, -9.tus, get corn,
forage, [firdmentom. ]
framentum, I, n., corn, grain.
frustra, adv., in vain, to no pur-
pose.
fi-astum, -!, n., bit, piece.
(frax), frag^, f., fruit, produce.
fuga, -ae, f . , flight. [fugi5. ]
fuglo, -ere, fugi, — , fly, flee, run
away.
fugo, -9.re, -ftvl, -9,tus, put to
flight, [fuga.]
fulgeo, -6re, fulsi, — , glitter,
flash, shine.
ftinditor, -Oris, m., slinger.
fuodo, -ere, ftidi, fusus, pour,
produce, rout.
fundus, -i, m. , farm.
VOCABULARY.
129
fSnebiis, -e, adj., funereal,
fungor, -I, f&nctus, perform.
fQnls, -is, m., rope, cord,
furens, -entis, sud]., furious, mad-
dened.
fkiror, -Oris, m., madness, frenzy,
fortim, adv., stealthily.
fQrtum, 4, n., theft.
fuscus, -a, -um, adj. , dark, dusky,
swarthy,
G.
GaiuB, gen. Gal, m., Caius or
Qaius.
galea, -ae, f., helmet,
Gallia, -ae, f., Oaul,
Gallicus, -a, -um, adj., Gallic,
gallina, -ae, f., hen.
Gallus, -I, m., a Gaul,
gallus, -i, m., cock,
gaudium, -I, n., joy, gladness,
delight,
gela, -us, n. , frost,
gemitus, -lis, m., groan, moan,
gemma, -ae, f . , jewel.
genae, -£lrum, f., cheeks,
generosus, -a, -um, adj., well-
born, noble, [genus.]
gens, gentis, f., race, people,
nation.
genus, generis, n., birth, race;
style, manner, kind.
Germania, -ae, f ., Germany,
Germani, -Oram, m., Germans.
gero, -ere, gessi, gestus, bear,
wield, carry, wear, do, accom-
plish, wage ; pass., take place ;
rel bene gerendae, for a suc-
cessful blow.
gigas, -antis, m., giant.
gignQ, -ere, genul, genitus, pro-
duce, bring forth ; pass. , spring
up, arise.
gladlos, -I, m., sword,
Glaucus, -!, m., Glaucus,
gloria, -ae, f., renown, fame,
gracilis, -e, adj., slender, grace-
ful,
Graecus, -a, -um, adj., Grecian,
Greek; pi., as noun, the
Greeks.
grfimen, -inis, n., grass,
grandls, -e, adj., large, big,
grands, -inis f., hail.
grfitia, -ae, f., sing., favor, es-
teem; pi., thanks, gratitude;
ago gratias, / thank,
grfitus, -a, -um, adj., pleasing,
thankful,
gravis, -e, adj., heavy, deep, pain-
ful, important, severe, danger-
ous.
graviter, adv., severely, danger-
ously, deeply, violently, [gra-
vis.]
gravo, -are, -avi, -atus, oppress,
burden, overcome.
gremium, -I, n., bosom.
gressus, -us, m., step, course.
grex, gregis, m., flock.
guberno, -are, -avi, -atus, -steer,
pilot.
gurges, -itis, m., whirlpool, abyss.
gusto, -are, -avi, -atus, taste, take
a little of.
H.
habena, -ae, f . , usu. pi. , reins.
habeo, -€re, -ul, -itus, have,
130
VOCABULABY.
carry, carry on, hold, esteem,
consider.
habit o, -&re, -&vl, -3>tus, dvoell,
live in, inhabit, [habeo.]
haereo, -€re, haesif baesurus,
stick, be al a loss, hesitate, he
held fast.
Hamelinsi, -<ae, f., Hamelin.
baud, adv., not, not at all.
haudqnaquain, adv., hy no
means, not at all.
haurio, -ire, hausi, banstus,
drain, drink up, swallovo.
Henricus, -I, m., Henry.
herba, -ae, f., herb, plant.
hercle, interj., hy Hercules, as-
suredly, indeed.
hen, adv., yesterday.
bSsternus, -a, -um, adj., w.
dies, yesterday, the day pre-
vious.
hi&tus, -us, m. , gaping, aperture,
cleft.
hie, haec, hOc, pron., this, he,
she, etc. ; hie . . . ille, the
latter . . . the former,
hie, adv., here, on this side.
blems, -emis, f., winter, cold.
bine, adv., hence ; hinc illinc, on
this side and on that, [hie.]
Hispanus,-a,-um, adj., Spanish ;
as noun, m. pi., the Spaniards.
bodie, adv. , to-day. [hoc + die. ]
Humerus, -i, m. , the Greek poet
Homer, supposed to have lived
about B.C. 900.
bomo, -inis, m., man.
bon5s or honor, -Oris, m., honor,
office., duty.
bora, -ae, f ., hour, time.
bordemn, -I, n., harley.
horreo, -€re, -ul, — , hristle,
shudder.
borremn, -I, n., ham,
horribills, -e, adj., fearful, ter-
rihle, dreadful, [borreo.]
horrisonus, -a, -um, adj., with
terrific sound, fearful, [borreo
4- sonns.]
hortor, -&rl, -fttus, cheer, exhort,
urge, hid,
bortus, -1, m., garden,
hospes, -itis, c, guest, host,
stranger.
hospitium, -I, n., hospitality, en-
tertainment, welcome, [bos-
pes.]
bostis, -is, c, enemy, foe.
Hubertus, -i, m., Hubert.
hue, adv., hither; hue illuc.
hither and thither, to and fro,
bamanus, -a, -um, sulj. , human,
man''8. [homo.]
bumf, adv. , on the ground.
bumilis, -e, adj., lowly, humble.
I.
iaceo, -Sre, -ul, lie, lie dead, he
prostrate.
iacio, -ere, i6cl, iactus, throw,
cast, hurl.
Iac5bu8, -1, m., James.
iacto, -are, -a.vl, -a.tus, toss about,
boast.
iaculum, -I, n., dart, javelin.
[iaci5. ]
iam, adv., now, already, soon, at
length.
VOCABULARY.
131
iamdSdum, adv., for a long
while, long, [iam+diu+dom.]
ianua, -ae, f., door, house-door,
entrance.
ibi, adv., there, [is.]
ictus, -us, m., blow, stroke,
idem, eadein, idem, pron., the
same, [is + dexn.]
idoneus, -ea, -eum, adj.,^<, suit-
able, proper,
ielQnus, -a, -um, adj., fasting,
hungry,
igltur, adv., therefore, conse-
quently,
ignarus, -a, -um, adj., unac-
quainted with, unskilled in,
not knowing,
ignavus, -a, -um, adj., idle, lazy,
worthless,
ignis, -is, m., fire,
ignoro, -9.rc, -avi, -atus, be igno-
rant, not know, [ignarus.]
ignotns, -a, -um, adj., unknoion,
unfamiliar, strange, [in- -f
(g) ndtus.]
ilias, -ados, f., the Iliad (a
Greek epic poem).
ille, -a, -ud, pron., that yonder,
he, she, it,
illinc, adv., thence, on that side,
[ille.]
illiic, adv., thither, [ille.]
imago, -inis, f., copy, likeness,
reflection, form,
imber, -bris, m., shower, storm.
imitor, -ari, -fttus, copy, counter-
feit,
immSnis, -e, adj., huge, vast,
monstrous.
immanitas, -9.tis, f., savageness,
cruelty, barbarism, [immanis.]
immemor, -oris, adj., forgetful,
regardless, [in- + memor. ]
immensus, -a, -um, adj., bound-
less, vast, huge,
immitto, -ere, -misl, -missus, let
in, drive in, admit, [in +
mittd.]
impello, -ere, -pull, -pulsus,
move, incite, impel, lead. [ysL+
pello.]
impendeo, -€re, — , — , over^
hang, threaten, be near,
iinperator,-5ris, m., commander,
leader, general, [impero.]
imperatum, -I, n., command^
orders, [impero. ]
imperitus, -a, -um, adj., inexpe-'
rienced, unskilled, awkward.
imperium ,-i, Ji,,power, authority.
[impero.]
impero, -are, -ftvl, -atus, com-
mand, bid, order, impose.
impetro, -Are, -d.vl, -9.tus, obtain,
procure, get,
impetus, -us, m., attack, onset,
charge, rush, [in 4- pet5.]
impiger, -gra, -grum, adj., active.
impleo, -ere, -pl6vl, -pl6tus, fill
up, cover.
impono, -ere, -posul, -positus,
place upon, set over, impose ;
set on board, [in 4- pono.]
improviso, adv., suddenly, unex-
pectedly ; d6 imprOvIsO, unex-
pectedly, [in- -f pro + video.]
impudens, -entis, adj., shame-
less, impudent.
132
VOCABULARY.
impudentla, -ae, f., shameless-
ness, impudence, [impadens. ]
imu8, -a, -um, adj., (superl. of
Inferus), lowest; Ima vallis,
the bottom of the valley,
in, prep. (w. ace), to^ into, in,
against; (w. abl.), in, on,
among.
in-, inseparable prefix meaning
not.
incaute, adv., heedlessly,
incautus, -a, -um, adj., heedless,
off one*s guard,
incedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus, ad-
vance, march, move,
incendium, -I, n., conflagration,
fire, [incendd.]
incendo, -ere, -cend!, -census,
set on fire, kindle, light,
incertus, -a, -um, adj., uncertain,
doubtful,
incido, -ere, -cidi, — , fall into
OT upon, happen, [in+cadd.]
incipio, -ere, c6pi, -ceptus, begin,
commence, [in + capi5.]
includo, -ere, -cluf;!, cltisus, shut
in, confine, keep, [in -f claudd.]
incola, -ae, c, inhabitant, citizen,
incolo, -ere, -lul, — , dwell in,
inhabit,
increpo, -Sxe, -ui, -itus, rebuke,
upbraid, reprove,
incuitus, -a, -um, adj., unculti-
vated,
incursio, -Onis, f., raid, inroad,
incuso, -9.re, -S.vi, -atus, accuse,
charge,
incutiS, -ere, -cussi, -cussus,
strike against.
inde, adv., thence, thereupon.
indignatiS, -Onis, f., displeasure,
anger,
indoctus, -a, -um, adj., untaught,
ignorant, [in-+ doceo.]
indaco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, lead
or bring into, conduct, lead,
persuade,
induo, -ere, -ui, -titus, put on,
dress one*s self in, wrap, clothe,
Indus, -a, -um, adj., Indian; as
noun, m. pi., Indians,
ineo, -Ire, -I^ or -il, -itus, enter,
devise, form,
ineptus, -a, -um, adj., senseless,
absurd, [in- -f aptus.]
Infans, -antis, adj., not speaking ;
as noun, «., little child, infant,
babe,
infectus, -a, -um, adj., unaccom-
plished, undone, [in- + factus.]
infSlix, -icis, adj., unfortunate,
unlucky, ill-fated, unhappy.
inferior, comp. adj., lower,
infero, -ferre, -tuli, -l&tus, bear
or bring upon (w. ace. and
dat.).
inferus, -a, -um, adj., under-
neath, lower,
infidelis, -e, adj., faithless, un-
true,
inHrmus, -a, -um, adj., feeble^
weak.
ingenium, -I, n., character, abili-
ties, nature, disposition,
ingens, -entis, adj., huge, vast,
mighty,
ingratus, -a, -um, adj., unpleas-
ant, thankless.
VOCABULARY.
133
Ingredlor, -I, -gressus, enter, go
into.
inhospit&lls, -e, adj., inhospita-
ble.
iniciS, -ere, -iecl, -iectus, put
into, insert ; apply (manus), Zay
hands on, seize, [in + iacid.]
inimlcus, -a, -urn,. adj., hostile;
as noun, m., enemy, foe. [m-+
amicus. ]
iniaria, -ae, f., wrong, hurt,
harm. [in- + ius.]
innumerabllls, -e, adj., coun^Z^ss.
inopla, -ae, f., want, scarcity,
scant supply.
Inquam, defect, verb, say.
inritus, -a, -urn, adj., unsuc4iesS'
ful, vain.
inruo, -ere, -ui, — , rush in,
press into.
insania, -ae, 1, unsoundness of
mind, insanity, madness, [in-
sanas.]
insanus, -a, -um, adj., mad,
frantic, frenzied.
inscius, -a, -um, adj., not know-
ing, ignorant of, unacquainted
with, [in- + sci5. ]
insidiae, -arum, f ., ambush, plot,
artifice, trick, treachery.
insignis, -e, adj., distinguished,
striking, prominent.
instituo, -ere, -ui, -tltus, begin,
arrange, resolve, determine on.
insto, -fire, -stiti, — , approach,
be present, press upon, threaten.
instruS, -ere, -strtixi, -strHctus,
prepare, furnish, equip, form,
construct.
insuStus, -a, -um, adj., unusual,
insula, -ae, f., island.,
integer, -gra, -grum, adj.,/re«A,
sound, untouched, unbroken.
intellego, -ere, -iSxI, -Iectus,
perceive, understand, find out,
learn.
inter, prep. (w. ace), between,
among ; inter s6, together, with
one another.
intercladS, -ere, -tlsl, -Qsus, shut
up, cut off. [inter + clando.]
interdico, -ere, -dixi, -dictus,
forbid, exclude, prohibit.
interefi, adv. , meanwhile.
interficio, -ere, -fed, -fectus,
kill, destroy, [inter + faci5.]
interior, adj., comp., inner.
intermitto, -ere, -mIsT, -missus,
leave off, interrupt; pass.,
elapse, intervene.
interrogo, -are, -avi, -atus, ques-
tion.
intrS, prep. (w. ace), within^
inside.
intro, -are, -avi, -atus, enter, go
into,
introitus, -us, m., going in, en-
trance, [intjro + eo.]
inundo, -9.re, -3,vi, -atus, over-
flow, inundate, cover,
inutilis, -e, adj., useless, ujiser-
viceable.
invenio, -ire, -v6nl, -ventus,
come upon, find, discover.
inventor, -Oris, m., contriver,
inventor. [inveni5.]
invieem, adv., in turn, alter-
nately.
184
VOCABULARY.
invidia, -ae, f., envy, hatred,
invito, -are, -avi, -atus, invite,
urge to enter,
in Vitus, -a, -um, adj., unwilling ^
reluctant.
iocdsus, -a, -um, adj., witty,
funny, fond of jest.
ipse, -a, -um, pron., self very.
Ira, -ae, f., anger, rage.
Irascor, -I, iratus, be angry,
enraged or furious, [ira.]
iratus, -a, -um, adj., angry, en-
raged, [irascor.]
is, ea, id, pron., that, this, he,
she, it.
Iste, Ista, istud, pron., that near
you, that of yours, that.
ita, adv., so, thus.
Italia, -ae, f., Italy.
itaque, conj., and so, therefore,
accordingly.
iter, itineris, n., journey, road,
march.
iterum, adv., again, once more.
Ithaca, -ae, f . , an island in the
Ionian sea.
iubeo, -ere, ifissi, iussus, order,
command.
lacundus,-a, -um, Sid]., pleasant,
jovial.
index, -icis, c, judge.
ludlco, -are, -avi, -atus, judge,
decide, declare, [index.]
iugum, -I, n., yoke, [inngo.]
iumentum, -i, n., beast of bur-
den, [inngo.]
lungo, -ere, iunxi, iunctus, join,
yoke, cross.
inris-consultus, -i, m., lawyer.
ins, iiiris, n., law, right, privilege.
insinrandum, iarisilirandi, n.,
oath,
(iiissus, -Qs), m., only abl. sing.
command, order, [iubeo.]
insta, -Orum, n., funeral rites.
ifistus, -a, -um, adj., just, right,
proper. [Ins.]
iuvenis,-is, adj., young ; as noun,
m., youth, young man.
iaxta, adv., and prep. (w. ace),
nearly, near.
li.
labor, -Oris, m., labor, toil, work,
effort, exertion.
laboro, -are, -a^, -atus, work,
toil, [labor.]
lac, lactis, n., milk.
lacrima, -ae, f., tear.
lacus, -lis, m., lake, pond.
laetitia, -ae, f,, joy, gladness.
laetus, -a, -um, adj., joy/uZ, glad,
delighted.
lamenta, -6rum, n., wailing,
weeping, lamentation.
languidus, -a, -um, adj., faint,
languid.
lapis, -idis, m., stone.
lassitudo, -in is, f., faintness,
weariness, fatigue.
latebrae, -arum, f., hiding -place,
retreat.
lateo, -ere, -ui, — , lie hid, escape
notice.
Liatinus, -a, -um, adj., Latin.
latratus, -us, m., barking, bark,
yelp.
latro, -Snis, m., robber.
VOCABULARY.
135
latus, -a, -um, adj., broad, wide,
latus, -eris, n., side,
laiu, laudis, f., praise, flattery,
lavo, -ftre or -ere, lav&vl or lavl,
lav&tus, lautus or lotus, wash,
bathe, lave,
laxo, -are, -ftvl, -fttus, unloose,
relax,
lectus, -I, m., bed, couch,
legatiu, -I, m., ambassador,
officer, lieutenant,
lenio, -ire, -ivi or -il, -itus,
so/ten. [lenifl.]
lenls, -e, adj., soft, smooth, light,
mild,
levls, -e, adj., smooth, polished,
leviter, adv., lightly,
lex, iSgis, f., law,
libenter, adv., gladly, withpleas-
ure.
liberfiUtas, <-9.tis, f., liberality,
generosity,
liberi, -5rum, m., children,
liberS, -are, -avi, -atus, free, set
free, deliver,
libuin, -I, il., cake,
liibya, -ae, f., Libya,
licet, -€re, -cuit, -citum, impers.,
it is allowed or permitted.
lignum, -I, n., wood,
ligo, -&re, -avI, -itus, bind,
fasten,
Hmen, -inis, n., threshold,
limus, -1, m., mud, slime,
lingua, -ae, f., tongue, lan-
guage.
linum, -i, n., linen, thready
cord,
littera, -ae, f ., letter (of the alpha-
bet) ; pi., letter, epistle, litera*
ture.
litus, -oris, n., shore, beach,
loculi, -drum, m., purse,
locus, -I, m., (pi., lociandloca),
place, spot, region,
liondinium, -I, n., London,
longe, adv., far, far off,
longus, -a, -um, adj., long,
loqufix, -acis, adj., talkative,
[loquor.]
loquor, -I, lociitus, dep., speak,
talk, say,
lotus, -1, f., lotus,
Loxias, -ae, m., Loxias,
IGbricus, -a, -um, adj., slippery,
slimy, muddy.
lucerna, -ae, f., lamp, lantern,
lacide, adv., clearly, distinctly,
Lucius, -I, in., Lucius,
lucrum, -i, n., riches, wealth,
lactor, -ari, -atus, strive,
struggle, contend.
lado, -ere, -si, -sus, play, gam-
ble, deceive,
liudovicus, -i, m., Louis,
Indus, -1, m., game, sport, school,
Inmen, -inis, n., light, rays,
luna, -ae, f., moon,
lupus, -i, m., wolf,
Instro, -are, -avi, atus, wander
over, observe, gaze at, look at,
lutum, -i, 11., mud, mire,
Inx, lucis, f., light.
Inxus, -us, m., luxury, enjoy^
ment.
Lycus, -i, m., Lycu^.
Lydon, -Oiiis, m., Lydon,
lyra, -ae, f., lyre.
136 VOCABUI-AKT.
Bf. I mains, -a, -um, adj., &ad, evil,
mficte, well done/ good t ( vir- ' improper,
tQte), a blessing on your mfilus, -i, m., mast,
virtue/ mandatma, -i, n., command,^
macta, -&re, -ayl, -atus, scieri-l order, word, [mando.]
Jice, offer, mando, -are, -avi, -atus, cowi-
maciilo, -are, -&▼!, -atus, spot, \ tnitj entrust, comtnand.
stain, soil. I mane, adv., in the morning.
maestiis, -a, -um, adj., sad, sor- I mameo, -€re, mansi, mansos,
rouful, dejected, I remain, stay, wait,
ma^cus, -a, -um, adj., magic, ' mSnsoetndo, -dinis, f., clem-
magical, I ency, kindness,
mafl^ adv., rather, more, [mag^- I maniis, -us, t, hand, hand, force,
^^^''\ I nBAi-e, -is, n., secL.
ina,gjster, -tri, m., niaster, nuuxnus, -a, -um, adj., of the
teacher^ \jai^giM,2 j «ea, sea-, [mare.]
magistratus. -us, m., magis- I nuuritimiis, -a, -um, adj., of the
irate, o^cer, [magrister.J j sea. sea-, [mare.]
iiiii«iilfice, adv., grandly, splen- , massA, -ae, f., mass, lump,
rf*<//y, richly, [magrnificoa. J mater, -tris, f., tnotA^r.
>Bfi«nlficentia, -ae, f., splendnr, matrimoiiliuit, -i, n., marriage,
gpuuieur, elegance, [magni- . wedlock; in matrimOnium du-
]»«*.<« ! *^^» ^ marry (said of the
«i««aillctts, -a, -um, adj., fna^j- man), fmater.!
-«««ol«d^^^ ^ «o*«r«, -toe, -ivi, -atus, hasten,
■"ff-^ -a, -u,u, adj., ^re^,^ "^^T^ '^ "^ ^''' ^''^'^'
*»*«or, uiaiius;, aaC -comn. ..f — •^■■•e, adv^ certainly, very,
«^Vu«.o, e^.,,v;. ...r;;^,""^ '"^ .<^r^K'/y, e:.^^/a//y. j«,tic«-
*^^y* ^'^ '-^-*f- rery great, very
*«l«. maile. niiilut. _^ ..^,. ^^rv..,j,, etc.; natu, eldest;
^^'"--^^ ^ -X ^ ^- quaai maximos, as great as
VOCABULARY.
137
mediciiSy -I, m., doctor,
medius, -a, -um, adj., middle,
midst of,
mellor, -us, adj., (comp. of
bonus) , better.
membrum, -bil, n., limb.
memini, -isse, only pf., remem-
ber, recollect.
memor, -oris, adj. , mindful.
meinoiia, -ae, f., memory; w.
tene5, bear in mind, remem-
ber, [memor.]
mensa, -ae, f., table.
mensis, -is, m., month.
mentio, -5nis, f., mention, allu-
sion.
mentum, -I, n., chin.
mercator, -Oris, m., trader, mer-
chant.
merces, -€dis, f., wages, reward,
fee. [mereo.]
Mercuriiu, -I, m.. Mercury, god
of trades.
mereo, -6re, -ui, -itus, deserve,
be entitled to, merit.
mergo, -ere, mersi, mersus, dip,
plunge; w. s6, sink, be swal-
lowed up.
meridianus, -a, -um, adj., of
midday, of noon, [meridies.]
merldies, — , ace. -em, midday,
noon, south, [medius + dies.]
merito, adv., deservedly, justly,
meta, -ae, f., goal, target.
metus; -us, m. , fear, dread.
meus, -a, -um, poss. pron., my,
mine. •
Midas, -ae, m., Midas, king of
Phrj'gia.
miles, -itis, m., soldier, man.
mHitfiris, -e, adj., military, mar--
tial, of war. [miles.]
mille, adj., thousand, pi., milia ;
mllle passuum, mile.
minae, -&rum, f,, threats, men-
aces.
Minerva, -ae, f., Minerva, god-
dess of wisdom.
minime, adv., superl., least of
all, very little, by no means.
minimus, -a, -um, adj., (superl.
of parvus), least, very small ;
minimus nftttl, youngest.
ministro, -are, -avi, -atus, attend,
serve, wait upon.
minitor, -£lrl, -fttuB, threaten,
menace, [minor.]
minor, -us, adj. (comp. of par-
vus), smaller, less.
minor, -arl, -atus, threaten,
menace, [minae.]
minu5, -ere, -ui, -utus, lessen,
diminish, reduce, [minor.]
minus, adv., comp., less, not at
all.
mirabilis, -e, adj., wonderful,
marvellous, strange; mirabile
^ictvi,strange to relate, [miror]
miraculum, -i, n., wonder, mira-
cle, [miror.]
miror, -ari, -atus, wonder, ad-
mire, be astonished or amazed.
mirus, -a, -um, adj., wonderful,
extraordinary.
misceo, -6re, miscul, mixtus,
mix, mingle, prepare,
miser, -era, -erum, adj., wretched,
miserable, poor.
138
VOCABULARY.
mlseri, adr., siaseniMy* Mui7y.
miseret, -Sre, impen., <( dU-
tresses one; mS miseiet, /
fdtff.
mitesco, -ere, — , — , grow gen-
tle, soften.
mitto, -ere, misl, missus, send,
despatch,
modicuSy-a, -am, adj., moderate,
modest, temperate, [modos.]
modo,adv., only, merely^ simply,
at one time, at another; u5n
modo . . . sed etiam, not only
. . , hut also, [modus.]
modus, -I, m., manner, measure,
mode.
mollis, -e, adj., soft, tender.
mone5, -€re, -ul, -itns, team,
advise.
mons, monti8,m., mountain, hill.
monstro, -&re, -avi, -&tU8, point
to, show, display.
monstmin, -I, n., monster, pest.
mSntanus, -a, -um, adj., moun-
tain, [mons.]
mora, -ae, 1, delay, hesitation.
morbus, -i, m., sickness, disease.
mordeo, -€re, momordi, morsus,
bite.
moribundus, -a, -um, adj.,
dying, at the point of death.
morior, morlri or mori, mor-
tuus, die. [mors.]
moror, -firi, -atus, delay, retard,
hinder.
mors, mortis, f., death.
mortfills, -e, adj., deadly, fatal,
human,mortal,ofmen. [mors.]
mortuus, -a, -um, adj., dead.
' nsSs, mOris, m., manner, custom,
habit, way ; in pL, manners,
conduct.
mStns, -OS, m., motton, move-
j menL [moved.]
; moveo, -€re, m6vi, m5tiis, move,
rouse, stir, inspire, provoke,
moz, 9dv., presently, soon, after'
wards.
miif^tas, -Qs, m., bellowing.
mulceo, -ere, -si, -sus, soothe,
stroke.
mulcta, -ae, f ., ^ne, penalty.
mulctrariuniy -i, n., milking^
pail.
multitndo, -inis, f., multitude,
crowd, number, [mulios.]
multo, adv., much, [multus.]
inultum, adv., grecUly, a great
deal, much, long, [mnltus.]
multusy-a, -um, adj., many,mtich.
monio, -ire, build, fortify, pro-
tect, defend.
monus, -eris, n., gift, present.
mnrus, -i, m., wall.
mos, muris, m., mouse.
musca, -ae, f., fly.
miito, -&re, -ayi, -atus, change,
alter, exchange.
N.
nam, conj., for,
nanciseor, -I, nactus, obtain, get,
narro, -are, -avl, -fttus, narrate^
relate, tell.
nascor, -i, n&tus, be born,
nato, -are*-avi, -atus, swim, float.
natura, -ae, f., nature, character.
[nascor.]
VOCABULARY.
189
(natns, -tbs), only abl. sing., m.,
birth; m&ior nattL, elder; see
' m&ximus and minimus. [n&B-
cor.]
naufragium, -I, n., shipwreck,
lo88y destruction; facere, be
shipwrecked, [navis+frangd.]
nausea, ^ae, f., sea-sickness.
nauta, -ae, m., sailor.
navlgatio, -Onis, f., sailing^
navigation, voyage, [navigo.]
navlgo, -Are, -ftvl, -&tus, sail,
navigate, [navis + ago.]
nfivls, -is, f., ship, vessel.
-ne, interrog. particle, whether
_ (in direct questions asks for
information).
Be, conj., lest, that not ; ady., not ;
ne . . . quidem, not even.
nee, conj., and not, neither, nor.
neeessarlS, adv., unavoidably,
inevitably, [necesse. ]
necesse, adj., (only nom. and
ace. sing, n.), inevitable, un-
avoidable.
neco, -are, -avl, -fttus, kill, put
to death.
nefandus, -a, -um, adj., horrible.
neglego, -ere, -16x1, -iSctus, dis-
regard, pass by, neglect, omit.
nego, -ftre, -&yl, -fttus, deny, say
no, refuse.
negotium, -I, n., business, affair,
task, charge, trouble, effort.
nemo, dat. nSminl, c, no one,
nobody, [ne + homo.]
nemiis, -oris, n., wood, grove.
nepos, -6t\a, c, grandson, grand-
daughter, nephew, niece.
neqne. See nee.
Ner5, -Onis, m., Nero,
nSsciS, -Ire, -IvI or -il, — , not
know, be unaware ; w. quis,
some one, a certain.
nidus, -I, m., nest.
nlger, -gra, -grum, adj., black.
nihil, indecl., n., nothing ; foU.
by part, gen., no; as adv., in
no respect, not at all.
nimirum, adv., no wonder, with-
out doubt, certainly.
niniium, adv., too much, very
much, greatly, [ne -I- minun.]
nisi, conj., unless, if not.
nisus, -tis, m., struggle, effort.
nitidus, -a, -um, adj., shining,
healthy-looking, sleek, faZ.
nitor, -I, nIsus, strive, push.
nix, nivis, f., snow.
nobilis, -e, adj., noble, well-born ;
as noun, m., noble, iord.
noceS, -€re, -cul, -cittirus, hurt,
do harm, injure.
noctfl, adv., by night, [nox.]
N51a, -ae, f., Nola.
nolo, nolle, nOluI, — , be unvnll-
ing, not wish, [ne -I- void.]
nomen, -inis, n., name.
non, adv., not.
nondum, adv., not yet.
nonne, interrog. particle (imply-
ing the answer yes), not f
nonnullus, -a, -am, adj., some,
several.
non-numquam, adv., sometimes,
at times.
nos, nostrum (pi. of ego), we.
noster, -stra, -strum, possess.
140
VOCABULARY.
pron., ouTf ours ; pi. as noun,
our men.
notS, -ftre, -avi, -atus, mark., no-
tice^ observe^ perceive^ see,
notus, -a, -um, adj., known, well-
known, familiar, [nosed.]
novem, num. adj. indecl., nine,
novitSs, -&ti8, f., newness,
strangeness, novelty, [novus.]
novus, -a, -uin, adj., new, strange,
nox, noctis, f., night,
jkOxiA,-a,e,f., harm, hurt, [noceo.]
nabes, -is, f., cloud,
nudo, -are, -dvl, -atus, strip, lay
bare,
nSUus, -a, -um, adj., none, no,
num, interrog. particle (Implying
the answer no); in indirect
questions, whether,
niimerS, -dre, -ftvi, -fttns, count,
number, pay, [numeros.]
Humerus, -I, m., number,
niiminus, -I, m., coin, money.
numquam, adv., never, at no
time, [ne 4- umquam. ]
xmmquid, interrog. adv., is there
anything f
niinc, adv., now, at the present
time,
nunquam, same as numquam.
nonUtts, -I, m., messenger, news,
tidings.
nuper, adv., lately, recently.
nux, nucis, f., nut.
— O.
O, exclamation, O /
Ob, prep. (w. ace.), on account
of.
obdSco, -ere, -duxl, -ductus,
draw over, cover, overspread.
obicio, -ere, -i6cl, -iectus, throw
to, give up, cast in the way,
expose, [ob + iacio. ]
obiSrgo, -are, -avi, -atus, chide,
rebuke, reprove, blame.
oblatus. S^e o£ter5.
oblitus, -a, -um, part, from obl!-
vTscor, forgetful, unmindful.
obliviscor, -T, -litus, forget.
obscnro, -are, -avI, -atus,
darken, cover, [obscnrus.]
Gbscfims, -a, -um, adj., dark,
black.
obsecro, -are, -avI, -atus, im^
plore, Veseech, pray, beg.
observo, -are, -avi, -atus, 06-
serve, watch.
obsideo, -€re, -sSdl, -sessus, be"
siege, beset, lay siege to. [ob 4-
seded.J
obsoletus, -a, -um, adj., decayed,
worn out, shabby, mean,
poor.
obstruo, -ere, HStru», -structus,
build up, barricade, bar.
obtestor, -ari, -atus, entreat, im-
plore, beseech.
obtineo, -€re, -tinui, -tentus,
possess, gain, hold, occupy.
[ob -h teneo.]
obviam, adv., to meet ; before
one, in face of ; obviam ire,
to meet.
occfisio, -Onis, f., opportunity,
chance, favorable moment.
ocoasus, -us, m., going down,
setlitig, sunset, west.
VOCABULARY.
141
occido, -ere, -cidl, -clsos, kill,
put to death, [ob + caedo. ]
occiilo, -ere, -culol, -cultus,
covevy hide.
occulto, -&re, -&yl, -fttus, hide,
conceal, [occulo.]
occultus, -a, -um, part., con-
cealed, hidden ; in occultO, in
secret, [occulo.]
occumbo, -ere, •cubui, -cubitum,
fall in death, die,
occupo, -&re, -&yl, -fttus, seize,
hold, take possession of. [ob -|-
capi5. ]
occiirro, -ere, -curri, -cursus,
viveet, run up, appear, come
upon, [ob H- curro.]
oceanus, >I, m., ocean.
oculus^ -I, m., eye.
odium, -I, n., hatred, enmity.
odoror, -ftrl, -fttus, smell, smell
out, scent.
offero, offerre, obtull, oblfttus,
present, offer, expose, [ob +
fero.]
officina, -ae, f., workshop, labora-
tory, [opus + f aci5. ]
officium, -1, n., duty, service.
[opus -I- faci5. ]
oleum, -I, n., oil.
olim, adv., once upon a time,
once, formerly.
omltto, -ere, -mlsi, -missus, pass
by, disregard, omit, neglect.
omnino, adv., wholly, entirely,
altogether, absolutely, [omnis.]
omnis, -e, adj., all, every; as
noun, m. pi., everybody, n.,
everything.
onero, -ftre, -ftvl, -fttus, load
burden, [onus.]
onus, -eris, n., burden, load.
opera, -ae, f., pains, task, help,
exertion, effort, [opus.]
operio, -Ire, -ul, -pertus, cover.
opimus, -a, -um, adj., wealthy,
rich.
oportet, -fire, -uit, impers., it is
necessary, one must, ought,
oppidum, -I, n., town.
opprimo, -ere, -pressl, -pressus,
overcome, crush, surprise, [ob
+ premd.]
oppaguo, -ftre, -ftvl, -fttus, at-
tack, besiege,
(ops), opis, f., aid; pi., power,
might, influence, wealth.
optlinus, -a, -um, adj., (superl;
of bonus), best, very good, ex-
cellent.
opto, -ftre, -ftvl, -fttus, wish for,
hope for, choose.
opus, -eris, n., work, labor, task;
work, book.
pra, -ae, f., shore, coast. •
Sratlo, -Onis, f., speech, xoords.
orator, -5ris, m. , speaker, orator.
ordo, -inis, m., row ; ex Grdine,
in succession, one after an-
other.
orior, -Irl, ortus, spring forth,
rise, arise, begin ; ortft Itice,
at daybreak.
orno, -ftre, -ftvi, -fttus, fit out,
adorn.
oro, -ftre, -ftvl, -fttus, beg, pray,
entreat, plead. [6s.]
OS, Oris, n., mouth, face, lips.
142
vocabulaby:
ostendo, -ere, -dl, -tus, show, inn
dicate, make knowrij telL
Ostium, -I, n., door^ entrance,
ostruin, -I, n., purple.
Stium, -I, n., ease, leisure, holi-
day.
oviBy -is, f., sJieep.
ovum, -I, n., egg; ab GvG usque
ad m&la, from • beginning to
end.
P.
pabulum, -I, n., food, fodder,
sustenance, [pasco.]
Padius, -I, m., Padius.
paene, adv., almost, nearly.
pallium, -I, n., cloak, mantle,
palma, -ae, f., palm, (the tree),
palm, prize, victory.
p&lus, -1, m., stake, bar.
panis, -is, m., bread, loaf.
parco, -ere, peperci or pars!,
parsus, spare, use sparingly,
parens, -entis, c, parent.
pareo, -6re, -ul, -itus, obey.
paiio, -ere, peperi, partus, bring
forth, produce.
paro, -are, -&yl, -atus, get ready,
prepare, build.
pars, -tis, f . , part, share, direc-
tion, place.
parum, adv., little, too little.
parvus, -a, -um, adj., small,
little.
pasco, -ere, pavi, partus, feed,
drive to pasture, tend.
pascor, -I, pastus, browse, feed,
graze, support one^s self.
passus, -tis, m., step, pace; mille
passuum, mile. -
pfistor, -dris, m., shepherd.
patefacio, -ere, -feci, -factus, lay
open, throw open, [pated -H
facio.]
pateo, -ere, -ul, — , lie or stand
open, be exposed.
pater, -tris, m., father,
paternus, -a, -um, adj., of or
belonging to a father, heredi-
tary, [pater.]
patiens, -entis, adj., enduring,
patient, [patior.]
patienter, adv., patiently, hum-
bly, [patiens.]
patior, -I, passus, suffer, allow,
permit,
patrla, -ae, f., country, father-
land, [pater.]
patruus, -I, m., uncle, [pater.]
paucus, -a, -um, adj., few; as
noun, pi., a few.
paulo, adv., a little, shortly,
paulum, adv., a little, some^
what.
pauper, -eris, adj., poor; as
noun, m., a poor man.
paupertas, -&tis, f., poverty,
small means, need, want.
pavo, -6n\B, m., peacock,
pax, p3x;is, f., peace, harmony,
pectus, -6ns, n., breast, soul,
pecOnla, -ae, t, money, [pecus.]
pecus, -oris, n., flock.
pedes, peditis, m., foot-soldier.
pellis, pellis, f., skin, hide.
pello, -ere, pepull, pulsus, drive,
Penelope, -es, f., wife of Ulysses,
per, prep. (w. ace), through,
throughout, by means of.
VOCABULARY.
148
peragfS, -ere, -6gl, -ftctos, accom-
plish, complete, carry out.
percipiS, -ere, -c6pl, -ceptus,
assume, feel, perceive, [per +
capid.]
percurro, -ere, -cucurrl or -curri,
-cursus, run or hasten through,
pass through.
percutio, -ere, -cussT, -cussus,
strike, cleave, crush.
pereo, -Ire, -il, -itus, perish,
die.
pererro, -ftre, -&vl, *atus, wander
through.
perflo, -are, — , — , flow through,
or over.
perforo, -&re, -&tI, -fttus, bore,
perforate.
perfHugo, -ere, -frCgl, -frflctus,
break in pieces, shatter, [per +
frango. ]
perfkigio, -ere, -ftigl, — , flee for
refuge.
perfugium, -I, n., shelter, refuge.
perfungor, -I, -HSinctua, perform,
fulfil.
pergo, -ere, perrexl, perrCctus,
continue, go on, go, proceed.
periculosus, -a, -um, adj., dan-
gerous, [pericolain.]
perioulum, -i, n., danger, risk.
perlfistro, -Are, -avl, -&tus, wan-
der through, vieto all over,
examine carefully.
perscribo, -ere, -scripsl, -scrip-
tus, torite at length, describe
fully.
persolvo, -ere, -solvi, -solQtus,
release, pay, give.
persplciS, -ere, -€xl, -ectus, look
at, perceive.
persufideo, -ere, -suSsI, -suasus,
persuade, prevail upon, induce.
perterreo, -€re, — , -itaa, frighten
thoroughly, frighten.
pertlnficia, -ae, f., perseverance,
obstinacy, stubbornness.
pertinax, -acis, adj., steadfast,
persistent, obstinate.
perturbs, -Are, -ftvl, -&tus, dis-
turb, throw into confusion.
perveni5, -Ire, -y6nl, -ventus,
arrive at, reach.
pes, pedis, m.,/oof.
pestls, -is, f., plague.
peto, -ere, -IvI or -il, -Itus, seek,
attack, aim at, make for, go to.
phanis, -I, f., lighthouse,
Phlllppus, -I, m., Philip.
Phrygia, -ae, f., Phrygia, a
country of Asia Minor.
Phyllis, -idis, f., Phyllis.
pictiis,-a, -um, adj., embroidered.
plger, -gra, -gnjm, adj., idle,
slow, lazy, inactive.
plget, -€re, -uit and -itum est,
impers. , it disgusts, grieves.
plnguls, -e, adj.,/a<, heavy.
plscfitor, -Oris, m., fisherman.
plscls, -is, m. , fish.
pistor, -Oris, m., baker.
pix, picis, i., pitch.
placenta, -ae, f., cake.
placeo, -6re, -cul, placitus,
please, satisfy.
placlde, adv., quietly, calmly.
plaustrum, -i, n., wagon.
plebs, -is, f. , common people.
144
VOCABXTLARY.
plenus, -a, -am, adj.,/tt/Z.
plemmque, adv., oflen^ fre-
quently ^ for the most part.
ploro, -&re, -&vf, -Alas, bewaa,
lamenij grieve,
pliirlinns, -a, -um, adj. (saperl.
of multas), most, very many.
plus, adv., more.
poculniii, -1, n., cnp.
poena, -ae, 1, penalty, punish-
ment; sumO poenas, pttnish;
do poenfts, be punished.
poenitet, -€re, -uit, — , impers.,
it repents.
poeta, -ae, m. , poet, hard.
Polyphemus, -I, m., a Cyclops.
Pompeius, -I, m., Piompey.
poninm, -I, n., aj^e.
pondus, -eris, n., tceight.
p5no, -ere, posul. positos, place,
put^ ,^; passw, Ue, rest, depend.
pons, pontis, m., bridge.
porculus, -I, m., sucking pig.
porcus, -I, m., hog, stcine, pig.
portn^ -ae, f ., gate.
porto, -toe, -4vi, -atas, carry,
take.
portus, -Qs, m., harbor.
posco, -ere, pop^feci, — , demand^
request, beg for.
possum, i>osse, i)otui, be able,
can. [jMtis, able. + sum.]
post, prep. (w. acc,^, after,
behind; as adv., aftencards,
later.
(posterns^, -a, -um, adj.. next,
folhttcing. [post]
postbfic, adv., a/T^nranis, im
future^
postqnam, conj., after that,
after.
postremo, adv., at last, finally *
postridiie, adv., the day after,
on the next day. [posterns +
dies.]
postulo, -toe, -Svi, -&tus, ask,
request, demand, [posco.]
potior, -iri, -Itas, obtain, acquire,
possess.
potius, adv., rather, more,
prae, prep. (w. abl.), before, on
account of.
praeaciitas, -a, -nm, adj. (w.
abl.), sharpened at the end,
pointed.
praebeo, -ere, -ni, -itas, offer,
I furnish, give, show.
• prmecaweo, -€re, -cavi, -caatos,
! take care or heed, be on one^s
guard, beware.
!pni«cipi9, -ere, -cCpI, -ceptus,
take in advance, anticipate,
team, order, bid, [!»*« +
capio.]
praecipito, -toe, -&vi, -dtos,
j throw headfirst, hurl down.
. praecipue, adv., chiefly, more
than anything else.
• praeelanis, -a, -um, adj., cele-
brated, famous, excellent.
praedico, -ere, -duo, -dictos,
foretell, predicL
praedor, -toi, -atus^ rob, plunder.
praeminn, -I, n., r ewa r d, reeon^
pense, faror.
praemoneo, -$re, -ul, -itos, warn
beforeh'ind. forewarn.
praemptBs, -a, -um, adj., steep.
VOCABULAET.
145
praesens, -entis, adj., instant,
immediate, present,
praesentio, -Ire, -sensi, -e^nsus,
feel beforehand, have a pre-
sentiment.
praeses, -idis, c. , protector, guar-
dian, [prae + seded.]
praesidium, -I, n., guard, watch.
praesiim, -esse, -fat, superin-
tend, have charge of,
praeter, prep. (w. ace), cTccept,
besides.
praetereo, -Ire, -il, -itus, go by,
pass by, escape.
praeteritus, -a, -um, adj., gone
by, past.
praetennitto, -ere, -misl, -mis-
sus, let go, pass by, neglect,
omit, lose.
praetervehor, -I, -vectus, ride
by, sail by or ahead.
praetorliiin, -I, n., generaVs tent.
pratnm, -I, n., meadow, pasture.
preces, -am, f. y\., prayers.
prehendo, -ere, -hendl, -finsus,
grasp, seize, snatch.
premo, -ere, press!, pressus,
press, oppress, check, curb, re-
strain.
pretiosus, -a, -am, adj., valuable,
costly, expensive, [pretiom.]
pretium, -I, n., price, value.
priiiio, ady. , at first, at the be-
gin ning. [primus. ]
primum, adv., jfSrsf, in the first
place ; qaam piimam, as soon
as possible, [prunas.]
primus, -a, -um, adj., first, fore-
most, chief.
princeps, -cipis, adj., foremost,
chief ; as noun, m., chief,
prince, [prunns + capio.]
prior, prius, adj., comp. before,
former.
pristlniis, -a, -am, adj., former,
early, previous, [prius.]
privfitiis, -a, -um, adj., private,
apart.
priv5, -are, -ftyl, -&tus, rob, dC"
prive, bereave.
pp5, prep. (w. abl.), before, for,
in return for, in behalf of.
probitils, -Atis, f., justice, up-
rightness, [probus.]
probus, -a, -um, adj., virtuous,
honest.
procedS, -ere, -cessi, — , go for-
ward, advance.
procella, -ae, f., storm, blast,
wind.
procerus, -a, -um, adj., long, ex-
tended.
procul, adv., far off, far, a great
way.
pr5digium, -I, n., marvel, mira-
cle.
prodi^^us, -a, -um, adj., wasteful,
extravagant, lavish.
prodo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, give
forth, betray, deliver up.
proellum -I, n., battle, engage-
ment.
profectio, -5nis, f., going away,
setting out, departure, [pro-
fioscor.]
proficTscor, -i, profectus, set out,
start, go away, depart.
profundus, -a, -um, adj., deep.
146
VOCABULARY.
pr5gredlor, -I, -gressps, ad-
vance, proceed^ go on,
prohibeS, -^re, -ul, -itus, pre-
, vent, hinder^ keep from, Iprb
+*habe5.]
proicio, -ere, -i^cl, -iectus, throw
forward^ stretch out^ let go,
give up ; w. 86, throw one^s
self, fall prostrate, [pro +
iado.]
prSralssiiin, -T, n., profnise,
pledge, [promitto.]
pr5inltt5, -ere, -misl, -missus,
engage, promise, assure.
pr5m5, -ere, -mpsl, -mptus, take
out, bring forth, product, [pro
H- em5.]
prOpero, -ftre, -&yl, -fttus, hasten,
hurry.
propinQuus, -ai -um, adj., near,
neighboring, near by. [prope.]
pr5pon9, -ere, -posul, -positus,
display, offer, propose, sug-
' gesti- •
proprliu, -a, -um, adj., one^s
Own,' special.
propter, prep. (w. ace), near,
' hard by, on account of, for.
prSsllio, -ire, -ul, — , leap forth,
spring up. [pr6+ salio, leap.^
prospere, adv., successfully,
favorably.
prSstratiis, -a, -um, adj., (part.
of prOsternff), thrown to the
■ ground, cast down,
prSsum, pr5desse, -ful, do good
: to,' benefit. Serve.
pr5tinu8, adv., forthwith, di-
rectly, at once.
prSveho, -ere, -vexl, -vectus,
carryforward ; pass., advance,
proceed, progress,
provocS, -ftre, -ftvi, -fttus, chal'
lenge, invite.
proxlmus, -a, -um, 8ui)erl. adj.,
last, nearest, next,
prSdentia, -ae, f., prudence^
foresight,
pabllcus, -a, -um, adj., public,
pudet, -€re, -uit or puditum est,
— , impers., it shames ; m8
pudet, / dm ashamed.
pudor, -Oris, m., shame, modesty,
puella, -ae, 1, girl,
puer, -I, m., boy,
pogna, -ae, f., fight, batUe,
pflgno, -are, -ftvi, -atus, fights
contend, [pngna.]
pSgniiB, -I, m., fist,
pulcher, *<:hra, -chrum, adj.,
fair, pretty, beautiful,
pulliis, -I, m., chicken, young,
puls5, -ftre, -ftvi, -fttus, beat^
knock, [pello.]
pulvis, -eris, m., dust,
pfiniS, -Ire, -IvI, -Itus, punish,
chastise.
purpureus, -a, -um, 2A}., purple,
puteus, -i, m., well,
puts, -ftre, -ftvi, -fttus, thinks
consider, believe,
putridus, -a, -um, adj., rotten^
decayed,
Q.
qufi, adv., where, [qui.]
quadrigae^ -ftrum, f. pi., four^
horse chariot, [quattaor H-
iugnm.]
VOCABtnCAKT.
147
guaero, -ere, -alvl, -eltas, seek,
hunt for, inquire, ask,
qiiaeso, -ere, — , — , pray, beg,
beseech, [qnaerd.]
qiiJIlis, -e, pron., of what sort,
what.
quam, ady., haw, as ; with com-
paratiye, than; with superla-
tive, as possible; qoam celer-
rim6, as quickly as possible.
qoam ob rem, adv., on which
account, why, therefore; inter-
Tog., why?
qaamquam, adv., although,
quantum, adv., how far, to what
extent, how. [quantas]
quantua, -a, -am, adj., how
great f w. tantus, so great
. . . as.
qu5 re, adv., why? wherefore?
therefore.
quartus, -a, -am, adj., /ourtA.
quasi, adv., as if, just as if.
quattuor, adj., /our.
-que, conj., enclitic, and.
quercus, -us, f., oak.
queror, -I, questus, complain.
questus, -us, m., complaint.
qui, quae, qaod, interrog. adj.,
whof which f what?
qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who,
which.
quia, conj., because.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam or
quiddam, pron., a certain
man.
quidem, adv., indeed; nS . . .
quidem, not eten.
quies, -€ti8, f., rest, freedom.
qoln, conj., but that, from, [qui
+ ne.]
qningenti, -ae, -a, num. adj..
Jive hundred.
quingne, num. adj.,^ve.
quis, quae, quid, pron., whof
whatf w. A or ne, indef.,
any one, any.
quisquam, — , qaid(qaic)qaam,
(no pi.), indef. pron., any one,
any one at all.
quisque, quaeque, quodqae, or
qutcque, pron., «acA.
qu9, adv., whither, [qui.]
quod, conj., because.
quo modo, adv., howf in what
manner f
quondam, adv., once upon a
time, formerly.
quoque, conj., also.
quot, indecL adj., howmanyf as.
R.
radicitns, adv., by the roots,
utterly, [radix, root."]
radius, -I, m., ray.
rSmus, -I, m., branch.
rapidus, -a, -um, adj., swift,
rushing, quick, [rapid.]
rapio, -ere, -ui, raptus, seize,
snatch up, carry off.
rapum, -!, n., turnip.
ratio, -Onis, f., reason, method,
plan, wayt manner.
ratis, -is, f., ship, raft.
raucus, -a, -um, adj., hoarse,
discordant.
re- or red-, inseparable prefix
meaning again, back.
148
VOCABULARY.
recenseS, -€re, -sul, — , review,
muster, survey,
recipio, -ere, -c6pl, -ceptus, re-
cover, regain; w. sS, retreat,
withdraw; animum recipere,
to recover the senses, [re- +
capio.]
recreS, -ftre, -avi, -fttus, rtfresh,
revive, restore.
recte, adv. , rightly, justly.
rectus, -a, -urn, B^}.,4n a straight
line, straight, direct.
recumbo, -ere, -cubul, — , lie
down, sink down.
recuperd, -ftre, -ftvl, -&tus, re-
cover, regain, be restored to.
recurro, -ere, -currl, — , run
back, retire, return (to) ; w.
ad, rejoin.
recDso, -Are, -ftvi, -&tus, refuse,
decline, reject, [re- + causa.]
reddo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, give,
give back, render, restore.
redeo, -Ire, -il, -itus, go back,
return.
reditiis, -tls, m. , return, [reded. ]
redaco, -ere, -dOxi, -ductus,
bring back, restore, bring.
refero, referre, rettull, relatus,
relate, refer, bring back, re-
turn, repay; pedem, retreat,
withdraw; gratiam referre, to
show gratitude (by one^s acts).
reficlo, -ere, -feci, -fectus, re-
pair, regain, restore, renew.
[re- + facio.]
reftiglo, -ere, -fagl, — , turn
back, flee for refuge.
regia, -ae, t, palace, [regius.]
regina, -ae, f., queen, [rex.]
regis, -Onis, f., country, district,
land.
regius, -a, -um, adj., royal,
king^s. [rex.]
regnum, -I, n., kingdom, throne.
[rex.]
regS, -ere, rCxI, rectus, rule,
reign, govern.
regredior, -I, regressus, go back,
return.
rellnquo, -ere, -UquI, -lictus,
leave, abandon.
reliquus, -a, -um, adj., remain-
ing ; as noun, m. pL, the rest,
those remaining, [relinquo.]
remedlum, -I, n., remedy, cure.
remlgo, -are, — , — ,ply the oar,
row. [remus -f ago.]
remlttS, -ere, -misl, -missus,
send back, remit, remove, par-
don, forgive.
removes, -6re, -m<)vi, -m<)tus,
move back, pass., withdraw,
pass, disappear.
remus, -I, m., oar.
renovo, -ftre, -avi, -&tus, renew.
repellS, -ere, -ppull, -pulsus,
drive away, cast down, derive.
repente, adv., suddenly, uneoo-
pectedly.
reperio, -ire, repperi, repertus,
flnd, discover, devise.
repertor, -Oris, m., discoverer,
inventor, [reperid.]
repeto, -ere, -IvI, -Itus, seek
again, resume, exact, return to.
repleo, -6re, -6vi, -Ctus, fill up,
fill to the brim.
VOCABULARY.
149
repono, -ere, -posul, -positus,
replace, restore, put away,
store, keep.
reports, -are, -avi, -atus, carry
back, gain, carry off.
repugns, -are, -ayl, -atos, flght
against, resist,
requlesco, -ere, -6vi, -gtua, rest.
res, rei, f., thing, matter, circiim-
stance, condition; as adv., re
vera, in truth, really.
resists, -ere, -stiti, — , make op-
position, resist, oppose,
respondeo, -ere, -spondl, -spOn-
sus, answer, reply.
responsum, -I, n., answer, ad-
vice, oracle,
respuS, -ere, -ul, — , spit out,
reject, refuse,
restltuo, -ere, -ul, -titus, restore,
replace, reestablish. [re- -f
statuo.]
resurgo, -ere, -surrCxI, -sur-
rgctus, rise again, be revived.
retlneo, -6re, -tinui, -tentus, hold
back, detain, restrain, prevent.
reus, -I, m., prisoner, culprit.
revenio, -ire, -vgni, -ventus,
come back, return.
rgx, regis, m., king, [rego.]
Rhenus, -I, m., Hhine.
Rlcardus, -I, m., Bichard.
rideo, -6re, risi, risus, laugh at,
laugh.
rlgeo, -ere, — , — , be numb,
stiffen.
rigidus, -a, -um, adj., stiff, hard,
rough, [rigeo. ]
rima, -ae, f., crack, chink.
ripa, -ae, f., bank, shore.
risus, -tis, id., laugh, laughter.
Robertus, -I, m., Robert.
robur, -oris, n.^ hardwood,
oak.
rog5, -are, -avi, -atus, ask, in-
quire.
Rdmanus, -a, -um, adj., Roman ;
as noun, m., the Romans.
Rdsclus, -I, m., Roscius.
rSstrum, -I, n., beak.
rurapS, -ere, riipl, ruptus,
break, burst.
ruo, -ere, nil, rutus or ruitus,
rush forth, rush.
ropes, -is, f., rock, cliff,
[mmpo.]
rus, rCLris, n., country.
rasticus, -a, -um, adj., of the
country, country-; as noun,
m., countryman, peasant,
[rus.]
S-
saccus, -I. m., sack, bag.
sacer, -era, -crum, adj., holy,
sacred ; as noun, m. pi., sacred
rites.
sacerdos, -d<)tis, c, priest.
■ [sacer + do.]
sacra. See sacer.
saepe, adv., often, frequently.
saevus, -a, -um, adj., cruel, sav-
age, fierce.
sagltta, -ae, f., arrow.
Sagittarius, -i, m., archer.
saltern, adv., at least, at all
events, anyhow.
sal to, -are, -avI, -atus, jump^
dance, [salio, leap."]
150
VOCABULABY.
salQs, -tLtis, f., healthy safety,
welfare.
8alat5, -ftre, -avi, -fttos, greets
welcome, [aalos.]
salvS, good-day, welcome,
(8alve6), -ere, — , — , be well ;
salvSre iubed, welcome.
sartor, -5ris, m., cobbler.
satis, adv., enough.
satyrus, -I, m., satyr.
saxiim, -I, n. , stone ^ rock.
scapha, -ae, f., light boat, skiff.
sclentla, -ae, f., knoieledge, ex-
perience, skill, [sci5.]
sclo, -Ire, -IvI, -Itus, know, un-
derstand, perceive.
scopuliis, -I, m., rock, cliff,
ledge.
Sc5ti, -Orum, m., Scots.
9crib5, -ere, scrips!, scriptus,
. write; (of troops), Zery.
se, or ses6, reflex, pron., himself,
herself, itself, themselves; in-
ter se, one another. See sul.
se-, or sed-, inseparable prefix
denoting separation.
secundum, prep. (w. ace),
after, along, according to.
secundus, -a, -urn, adj., sec-
ond, favorable, successful.
[sequoT.]
secSrls, -is, f., axe.
securus, -a, -urn, adj., careless,
safe, [se+cura.]
sed, conj., but.
sedeo, -ere, sedl, sessus, sit, be
seated.
sedes, -is, f., seat, dwelling.
sedltl5, -Onis, f., revolt, quarrel.
seditiosus, -a, -urn, adj., mu-
tinous. [seditio.]
seges, -etis, f., corn-field,
segnitia, -ae, f., slowness,
semel, adv., once.
semper, adv., ever, always.
senectfls, -ttLtis, f., old age.
[senex.]
senex, senis, adj., old, aged ; as
noun, m., old man.
sensus, -Us, m., feeling, opinion,
view, [sentid]
sentlo, -Ire, sensi, sensus, feel,
see, notice, perceive,
sepeliS, -Ire, sepellrl, sepultus,
bury, inter.
septentriSnSs, -um, m., the
seven plough-oxen (referring
to the stars in the constella-
tion of the Great Bear) ; hence,
the north.
Septimus, -a, -lun, adj., seventh.
sepulcrum, -I, n., tomb, burial-
place.
sequor, -I, sectLtus, follow, give
chase, pursue.
serenus, -a, -um, adj., clear,
calm, unruffled.
sermo, -6nia, m., conversation,
talk, discourse ; serere ser-
mOnem, talk, converse.
sero, -ere, — , sertus, sew, bind,
join.
serv5, -ftre, -ftvl, -atus, keep,
save, preserve.
servus, -I, m., slave, servant.
si, conj., if, in case.
sic, adv., 80, thus.
Slcilia, -ae, f., Sicily.
VOCABULARY.
•151
Bicut or sicuti, adv., just as^ as.
signum, -i, n., sign^ standard.
sllens, -entis, adj., silent, still.
silenter, adv., silently, quietly.
silva, -ae, f., wood, forest.
silvestris, -e, adj., woody, wood-
land, [silya.]
Simla, -ae, f., monkey.
simills, -e, adj., like, resembling,
similar.
simul, adv., together, at same
time ; w. Ac, as soon as.
simulo, -&re, -&vi, -atus, pre-
tend, feign, represent, imitate.
sine, prep. (w. abl.), without.
iBlng^atim, adv., singly, one by
one. [smgruli.]
Binguli, -ae, -a, adj., one to each,
one apiece, each.
Sinon, -5nis, m., Sinon.
Binus^ -ds, m., bosom.
fiitiens, -entis, adj., thirsty,
Bitls, -is, f., thirst.
sivc, conj., whether; sive . . .
seu, whether . . . or.
socius, -I, m., ally, partner, com-
panion.
sol, solis, m., sun.
soleo, -ere, -itus, semi-dep., be
wont, be accustomed.
Sollnianusy -I, m., Soliman.
Bolltus, -a, -urn, part, soleo.
solium, *i, n., throne.
Bollemnls, -o, adj., solemn, ap-
pointed, common.
sollljpitiido, -inis, f., anxiety,
care, [sollicitiis.]
6olli6ituSf -a, -um, adj., anxious,
disturbed, troubled.
sSlus, -a, -um, adj., alone,
only.
solvo, -ere, solvl, solutus, loose,
unbind, weigh anchor, set sail,
pay.
somnium, -I, n., dream, [som*-
nus.]
somnus, -i, m., sleep.
sonltus, -us, m., sound, noise. -
sonSrus, -a, -um, adj., not^,
loud, resounding.
sonus, -I, m..y sound, noise.
sopor, -oris, m., sleep, slumber.
sordldus, -a, -um, adj., dirty^,
unclean, foul.
sors, sortis, f., lot, drawing of
lot, decision.
sortlor, -Irl, -Itus, cast lots, draw
lots. [sors. ]
Spartacus, -I, m., Spartacus. '
spatium, -I, n., space, dis-
tance.
species, -SI, i., figure, kind, ap'
pearance.
spectficulum, -I, n., sight.
specto, -are, -&v!, -atus, look a^,
look, face, front.
spelunca, -ae, f., cave, cavern^
den.
sperno, -ere, sprSvI, sprStus, de-
spise, reject, scorn.
spero, -&re, -avi, -Situs, hope, ex-
pect, [spes.]
spes^ -ei, 1, hope.
splendidus, -a, -um, adj., splen-
did, fine, handsome, magni/t^
cent.
spolio, -Sire, -§,vl, -&tus, rob, de-
prive, steal.
152
VOCABULARY.
(spSns, -ontis), f., only abl.
sing. ; w. su&, of one^s own ac-
cord, voluntarily,
spSnsa, -ae, f., betrothed, sweet-
heart,
spama, -ae, f., foam, lather.
Btabulum, •!, n., stable, stall,
[sto.]
Btfignum, -I, n., pond,
Btatlm, adv., immediately, at
once, [sto.]
Btatio, -Gnis, f., position, post,
picket-duty, [ato.]
Btatuo, -ere, -ui, -utus, slop, halt^
decide, conclude, determine,
[8t6.]
Stella, >ae, f., star,
Bt6, -Are, stetl, status, stand,
take position, stop,
strenuuB, -a, -um, adj., vigorous,
active, courageous,
stringo, -ere, -inxl, -ictus, draw,
unsheathe,
Btruo, -ere, -ux!, -tictus, build,
devise, arrange.
studium, -1, n., desire, zeal, pur-
suit, study, practice.
Btultltia, -ae, f., folly, [stnl-
tus. ]
stultus, -a, -um, adj., foolish,
stupid, simple,
stupefocio, -ere, -fed, -factus,
astonish, stun.
sub, prep. (w. ace. and abl.),
under, close to,
Bubeo, -ire, -ii, -itus, undergo,
submit to, sustain, endure.
Bubicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectus, throw
or place under, [sub -f- iacid. ]
subitS, adv., suddenly, [subi-
tus.]
subltus, -a-um, ad},, sudden, un-
expected, [subed.]
sublevo, -&re, -ftvl, -&tus, raise,
lift, support,
submergo, -ere, -mere!, -mersus,
sink, overwhelm, submerge,
submoveo, -6re, -mOv!, -znOtus,
remove, supplant,
succedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessus,
come up, succeed, follow, [sub
H- ced5.]
suffoco, -Are, -avi, — , choke,
strangle,
sui, sibi, se or sCse, reflex, pron.,
himself, herself, itself, etc.
sum, esse, ful, — , am, be,
summus, -a, -um, adj. (superl.
of superus), highest; summus
mOns, the top of the hill,
sOmS, -ere, sOmpsI, sumptus,
take, take up, seize, exact, in-
flict,
super, prep. (w. ace. and abl.),
over, above,
superbia, -ae, f., pride, [super-
bus ]
superbus, -a, -um, adj., proud,
haughty,
sup.ero, -are, -3>yl, -SLtaa, surpass,
conquer, overcome, [super.]
supersum, -esse, -ful, survive,
remain.
suppeto, -ere, -IvI, -Itus, be equal
to, suffice, [sub + peto.]
suppllcium, -I, n., punishment ;
suppliciO adfici, to suffer pun-
ishment.
VOCABULAUY.
153
suppSno, -ere, -posuT, -positus,
place under, apply, [sub +
pono.]
supra, adv., and prep. (w. ace),
above, beyond, before.
surg^o, -ere, surrgxl, surrCctuf,
rise, swell, surge. [sub +
rego.]
sus, su's, c, pig.
susclplo, -ere, -cgpl, -ceptus,
undei'take, incur. [sub +
capid.]
suscltS, -are, -avT, -Situs, arottse.
8uspendo, -ere, -di, -€nsus, hang.
suspicor, -art, -d,tus, suspect,
mistrust. [Cf. suspicio.]
EuspiciS, -Onis, f., suspicion.
sustineo, -€re, -tinul, -tentus,
sustain, endure, [sub+teneo.]
susurrus, -I, m., whisper.
8UU8, -a, -um, poss. adj., his own,
their own. [sui.]
T.
taberna, -ae, f., shop, booth.
tabernaculum, -i, n., tent.
taceo, -€re, -cui, -citus, be silent.
taedet, -€re, -uit, — , impers., it.
disgusts, wearies; m6 taedet,
lam disgusted.
taenia, -ae, f., ribbon.
taeter, -tra, -trum, adj., repul-
sive, hideous, foul.
talis, -e, adj., such.
tani, adv., so very, so.
tamen, conj., nevertheless, but.
tamquam, adv., just as, like as.
tandem, adv., at length, at last,
finally; in questions, pray?
tango, -< re, tetioi, tS^tus, touch,
strike.
tantus, -a, -um, adj., so great,
as much, such; n. as adv.,
only, merely, so much.
Tarentum, -i, n., Tarentum.
taurus, -I, m., bull.
tectum, -1, n., roof, house,
palace.
tegS, -ere, texi, tCctus, cover,
conceal.
telum, -I, n., dart, weapon.
temere, adv., rashly, thought-
lessly.
tempestas, -&tis, f., storm,
weather, [tempus.]
templum, -I, n., temple.
tempus, -oris, n., time, occasion.
tends, -ere, tetendi, tentus or
tensus, stretch, draw, bend,
aim.
teneo, -ere, tenul, — , hold, keep
to, follow, keep back, restrain.
tener, -era, -erum, adj., tender,
delicate.
tento, -are, -Svi, -atus, try,
attempt, attack, [tendo.]
tenuis, -e, adj., meagre, thin,
light.
tergum, -T, n., back.
termlnS, -are, -avi, -atus, bound,
limit, [terminus, boundary. "]
tero, -ere, trivi, tritus, rttb.
terra, -ae, f., earth, land.
terreo, -5re, -ui, -itus, alarm,
frighten.
terrlblUs, -e, adj., dreadful,
frightfu I. [terreo. ]
terrltus, -a, -um, adj., frightened.
154
VOCABULARY.
terror, -Oris, m., fear^ fright^
alarm, [terreo.]
tertius, -a, -um, adj., third,
tibia, -aCf f., pipe,Jlute.
tibicen, -inis, m., piper y Jlute-
playcr. [tibia + cano.]
timeo, -ere, -ul, — , fear, be
afraid, dread,
Timchi, -Onis, m., Timon,
timor, -oris, m., fear, dread,
alarm, [timed.]
toga, -ae, f . , toga, cloak, an outer
garment made of a single
piece of cloth.
toler5, -ire, -avi, -&tus, endure,
hear, tolerate,
tollo, -ere, sustuU, sublatus,
raise, set up; ancorSs, weigh,
hoist; take away, remove,
toDdeo, -€re, totondi, t5nsus,
cut, shave.
tonsor, -Oris, m., barber,
torques, -Sre, torsi, tortus, twist,
turn.
torreo, -6re, torrui, tostus, burn,
bake, cook.
tot, indecl. adj., so many.
totus, -a, -um, adj., all, the
whole.
trabs, trabis, f., beam, timber,
tracts, -&re, -avi, -9.tus, handle,
feel of [traho.]
trado, -ere, -didi, -ditus, hand
over, deliver up, surrender;
recount, tell, [trans + do.]
trahS, -ere, trSxi, trSctus, firaw,
drag.
Tralanus, -T, m., Tray.
tranquille, adv., quietly.
tranqullluB, -a, -um, adj., quiet^
calm, stUl,
trans, prep. (w. ace), across,
beyond, on the other side of,
transeo, -ire, -ii, -itus, cross
over, cross,
trfinsfigS, -ere, 'fizi, -fixus,
pierce through, stab.
transfodiS, -ere, -f5di, -fossus,
pierce through, run through,
stab,
trftnsinitto, -ere, -misi, -missus,
cross, send over,
trfinsportS, -Are, -Avi, -Htus,
carry across.
trecenti, -ae, -a, num. adj., three
hundred, [tres + centum.]
tres, tria, num. adj., three,
tribuS, -ere, -ui, -utus, give,
bestow, assign, render,
tristis, -e, f ., sad, gloomy, melan^
choly,
TrSia, -ae, f., Troy.
trunciis, -T, m., trunk,
ta, pron., you, thou,
turn, adv., then.
tumultus, -tls, m., tumult, up^
roar, confusion,
tumulus, -i, m., mound, bank of
earth, dike,
turba, -ae, f., crowd, throng.
turbo, -inis, m., whirlwind, hur^
ricane.
turpls, -e, adj., base, disgrace-
ful.
turris, -is, f., tower.
tutus,- a, -um, adj., safe, secure,
tuus, -a, -um, poss, adj., your^
yours.
VOCABULARY.
155
u.
ubl, adv., where,, where f when,
ubique, adv., etterywhere,
mixes, -i or -el, m., Ulysses,
nllus, -a, -urn, adj., any,
altimus, -a, -ain, adj., /artAe«t,
last^ latest,
umeniB, -I, m., shoulder,
umquam, adv., ever,
una, adv., together with,
unda, -ae, f., wave,
unde, adv., from which, whence,
undeeim, num. adj., eleven,
undlque, adv., from all parts,
all around, everywhere.
unguentum, -I, n., ointment,
ungu5 or ung5, -ere, unzl,
flnctus, smear, rub, anoint,
universusy -a, -um, adj., all to-
gether, [tums + verto.]
onus, -a, -um, num. adj., one,
urbs, -bis^ f., city,
nro, -ere, tlssl, ustus, bum, con-
sume, dry, parch,
usque, adv., up to,
nsus, -tls, m., use, value, service.
ut, conj., with indie, as, when ;
with subj., in order that, so
that ; in e5 esse ut, to be on
the point of,
nter, -tris, m., leather bottle, skin
(of wine).
uter, -tra, -trum, interrog. adj.,
which of two f
uterque, utra-, utrum-, adj., each
of two, each, both,
Stilis, -e, adj., useful, suitable,
utinam, adv., would that, O that.
utor, -I, ^us, use, employ ; sail.
utrimque, adv., on both sides,
one on each side, [uterque. ]
utrum, adv., whether,
uxor, -oris, f., wtfe,
V.
vacca, -ae, f., cow,
vacuus, -a, -um, SLdj,, empty, idle,
vadS, -ere, — , — , walk, go,
vagor, -ftrl, -fttus, wander, rove.
valde, adv., strongly, intensely,
very,
valeo, -ere, -ul, -ittlrus, be
strong, be able, well, have
power, succeed ; val6, good-bye,
valldus, -a, -um, adj., strong,
stout, powerful, [valeo.]
vallis, -is, f., valley.
vfillura, -1, n., rampart, wall,
barricade.
vfinus, -a, -um, adj., empty,
groundless.
varlus, -a, -um, adj., of different
colors, different, diverse.
vfis, vSsis, n., vessel, pot; (pi.,
vSsa, -Orum).
vast5, -ftre, -ftvl, -&tus, ravage,
lay waste, ruin.
vastus, -a, -um, adj., waste, im-
mense, vast.
vehementer, adv., violently, ea-
gerly, earnestly, strongly.
vebo, -ere, vexl, vectus, carry,
convey ; pass., ride, sail.
velum,, -1, n., sail.
velut 'or veluti, adv., just as, as
if'
venStlo, -Gnis, f., hunting,
venator, -5ris, m., hunter.
156
VOCABULART.
vendo, -ere, -did!, -ditus, sell,
veiienum, -i, n., poison, magic
drug,
venia, -ae, f., grace, pardon, for-
giveness.
venio, -ire, veni, ventus, come.
venter, -tris, m., belly.
ventus, -I, m., voind.
vep, vfiris, n., spring.
(verber), -eris, n,, lash, whip,
blow.
verbepo, -are, -ftvi, -fttas, lash,
beat, strike: [verber.]
verbum, -I, n., word.
vereor, -6ri, veritus, fear, be
afraid. [Cf. timeo.]
vero, adv., indeed, in fact, how-
ever, but.
Verres, -is, m., Verres,^
verro, -ere, — , — , brush, sweep.
verso, -are, -ftvi, -atus, turn;
pass., be engaged, be. [verto.]
verts, -ere, verti, versus, turn,
turn back.
vera, -us, n., spit (for roasting).
verus, -a, -urn, adj., true; adv.
phrase, rfi v6ra, in very truth,
actually, in fact.
vescor, -i, — , enjoy, eat, feed,
vesper, -eri and -eris, m., even-
ing.
vesperi, adv., in the evening.
vester, -tra, -trum, poss. adj.,
your, yours,
vestigium, -i, n., footstep,
trace.
vestimentum, -I, n., garment.
vestis, -is, f., garment, robe.
veto, -are, -ui, -itus, forbid.
vexo, -are, -avi, -atus, injure,
annoy, molest, [veho.]
via, -ae, f ., way, street, road, gap,
path.
viator, -5ris, m., traveller.
vicinus, -a, -um, adj., neighbor-
ing ; as noun, m., neighbor.
victor, -5ris, m., conqueror.
victoria, -ae, f., victory.
vfctus, -us, m., nourishment,
sustenance, food.
vicus, -i, m., village, hamlet,
district, street.
video, -€re, vidi, visus, see, per-
ceive.
videor, -6rl, vIsus, seem, appear.
vig^anter, adv., watchfully,
carefully.
vlgilia, -ae, 1, wakefulness,
loatch, guard.
vigilo, -are, -avI, -atus, watch,
guard.
viglnti, num. adj., twenty.
villa, -ae, f., country hoiLse,
villa, farm.
vlmen, -inis, n., pliant twig,
xoithe, osier.
vinclo, -Ire, vinxi, vinctus, tie,
bind, fetter.
vinco, -ere, vici, victus, conquer,
vanquish.
vinculum or vinclum, -I. n.,
chain, bond.
vinum, -i, n., wine.
violentia, -ae, f., fury, vehe-
mence, [vis. ]
viols, -are, -avi, -atus, profane,
dishonor, violate, break.
vir, viri, m., man, husband.
VOCABULARY.
157
Virgo, -inis, f., maiden^ girl.
vlrs^tum, •!, n., thicket, shrub-
bery.
vlrilis, -e, adj., manly, man^s.
virtus, -dtis, f., courage, virtue.
vis (vis), f., force, might, vio-
lence ; pi., vlrfis, -ium, powers,
strength.
visus, -us, m., sight, vision, ap-
pearance, [video.]
vita, -ae, f., life.
vlto, -&re, -fivl, -fttos, avoid,
shun.
vitulus, -I, m., calf.
vivus, -a, -um, adj., alive, living.
vix, adv., hardly, scarcely.
voco, -fire, -S,vl, -atus, call, sum-
mon, invite.
Volcanus(Vul-),-I, m., Vulcan,
god of fire.
volgo (vul-), -are, -avi, -atus,
publish, proclaim.
volgo (vul-) adv., publicly, be-
fore all the world.
volnero (vul-), -are, -avI, -atus,
wound, hurt.
volniis (vul-), -eris, n., wound,
injury, hurt.
volo, velle, volul, — , wish, be
willing.
volpes or vulpSs, -is, f.,
fox.
voltus (vul-), -lis, m., face,
countenance, looks, expression,
eyes.
volucer, -cris, -ere, adj., winged ;
as noun, f. («c. avis), flying
creature, bird.
voluptfis, -atis, f., pleasure,
choice.
volvo, -ere, volvl, volQtus, roll,
ponder, meditate.
vos, pi. of tu, you.
vox, vOcis, f., voice,
Z.
Zephyrus, -i, m., zephyr, a gen-
tle west wind.
THE STUDEKTS' SERIES OF LiTIM CLASSICS.
VirDSB THS SDITORIAL BUPSBVIBION OF
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