Skip to main content

Full text of "The Anglo-Saxon chronicle, according to the several original authorities"

See other formats 


til  .' 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


TRANSLATION. 


THE 

ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE, 


ACCORDING   TO   THE 


SEVERAL  ORIGINAL  AUTHORITIES. 


EDITED,  WITH  A  TRANSLATION, 


BY 


BENJAMIN   THORPE, 

MEMRER  OF  THE  KOYAL  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCE  AT  MUNICH, 
AND  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  NETIIEBLANDISII  LITEBATUEE  AT  LEYDEN. 


VOL.  II. 
TRANSLATION. 


PUBLISHED  UY  THE  AUTHORITY  OF  TilE  LORDS  COMMISSIONERS  OF  HER  MAJESTY'S 
TREASURY,  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  MASTER  OF  THE  ROLLS. 


LONDON: 
LONGMAN,  GREEN,  LONGMAN,  AND  ROBERTS. 

1861. 


150 


ISfel 


Printed  by 

EYKE  and  SPOTTISWOODE,  Her  Majesty's  I*rinters. 
For  Her  Majesty's  Stationery  Office. 


ANN  ALES  SAXONICI. 


IN  the  year  that  was  past  from  the  birth  of  Christ  cccc.xciv., 
then  Cerdic  and  Cynric  his  son  landed  at  '  Cerdices  ora '  from 
v.  ships.  And  Cerdic  was  the  son  of  Elesa,  Elesa  of  Esla, 
Esla  of  Giwis,  Giwis  of  Wig,  Wig  of  Freawine,  Freawine  of 
Fritlragar,  Frithugar  of  Brond,  Brond  of  Bseldasg,  Baeldseg  of 
Woden.  And  vi.  years  after  they  landed  they  subdued  the 
West  Saxons'  kingdom  ;  and  they  were  the  first  kings  who 
conquered  the  West  Saxons'  land  from  the  Welsh  ;  and  he 
had  the  kingdom  xvi.  years,  and  when  he  died,  then  his  son 
Cynric  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  xvn.  winters. 
When  he  died,  then  Ceol  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held 
it  vi.  years.  When  he  died,  th6n  Ceolwulf  his  brother  suc- 
ceeded, and  he  reigned  xvii.  years  ;  and  their  kin  reaches  to 
Cerdic.  Then  Cynegils,  Ceolwulfs  brother's  son,  succeeded 
to  the  kingdom,  and  reigned  xxxi.  winters  ;  and  he  first  re- 
ceived baptism  of  the  West  Saxons'  kings  ;  and  then  Cenwalh 
succeeded,  and  held  it  xxx.  winters  ;  and  Cenwalh  was  the 
son  of  Cynegils  ;  and  then  Seaxburg  his  queen  held  the  king- 
dom one  year  after  him.  Then  ^Escwine  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom,  whose  kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  n.  years. 
Then  Centwine,  the  son  of  Cynegils,  succeeded  to  the  West 
Saxons'  kingdom,  and  reigned  vii.  years.  Then  Ceadwalla 
succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  whose  kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and 
held  it  three  years.  Then  Ine  succeeded  to  the  [West]  Saxons' 
kingdom,  whose  kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  xxvii. 
winters.  Then  JEthelheard  succeeded,  whose  km  reaches  to 
Cerdic,  and  held  it  xiv.  winters.  Then  Cuthred  succeeded, 
whose  kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  xvii.  years.  Then 
Sigebryht  succeeded,  whose  kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it 
i.  year.  Then  Cynewulf  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  whose 
721.  A  2 


4  ANNALES   SAXONICI. 

kin  reaches  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  xxxi.  winters.  Then 
Beorhtric  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  whose  kin  reaches  to 
Cerdic,  and  held  it  xvi.  years.  Then  Ecgbryht  succeeded  to 
the  kingdom,  and  held  it  xxxvii.  winters  and  vir.  months  ; 
and  then  JEthelwulf  his  son  succeeded,  and  held  it  eighteen 
years  and  a  half.  JEthelwulf  was  the  son  of  Ecgbryht,  Ecg- 
bryht of  Ealhinund,  Ealhmund  of  Eafa,  Eafa  of  Eoppa,  Eoppa 
of  Ingild,  Ingild  of  Cenred  ;  and  Ine  of  Cenred,  and  Cuth- 
burg  [daughter]  of  Cenred,  and  Cwenburg  [daughter]  of 
Cenred  ;  and  Cenred  [son]  of  Ceolwald,  Ceolwald  of  Cuth- 
wulf,  Cuthwulf  of  Cuthwine,  Cuthwine  of  Celm,  Celm  of 
Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic.  And  then  JEthelbald  his  son  suc- 
ceeded to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  v.  years.  Then  JEthel- 
bryht  his  brother  succeeded,  and  held  it  v.  years.  Then 
^Ethered  their  brother  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it 
v.  years.  Then  JElfred  their  brother  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom ;  and  then  were  past  of  his  age  XXIIT.  winters  ;  and 
ccc.xcvi.  winters  since  his  kin  first  conquered  the  West 
Saxons'  land  from  the  Welsh. 


THE 


ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


THE  island  of  Britain  is  eight  hundred  miles  long,  and  two  i  3 

hundred  miles  broad  :  and  here  are  in  the  island  five  peoples : 
English,  Brito- Welsh,  Scottish,  Pictish,  and  Book-Latin. 
The  first  inhabiting  this  land  were  Britons  :  they  came 
from  2 Armenia,  and  first  settled  southward  in  Britain.  It 
then  befel,  that  Picts  came  from  the  south  from  Scythia, 
with  long  ships,  not  many  ;  and  they  first  landed  in  north 
Ireland,  and  there  prayed  the  Scots  that  they  there  might 
dwell.  But  they  would  not  allow  them  ;  for  they  said  that 
they  could  not  all  dwell  together  there.  And  then  said  the 
Scots  :  "  We  can,  nevertheless,  give  you  counsel.  We  know 
another  island  here  to  the  east,  where  ye  may  dwell  if  ye 
will ;  and  if  any  one  withstand  you,  we  will  aid  you,  so  that 
ye  may  subdue  it."  Then  the  Picts  went  and  conquered  this 
land  northward  ;  southward  the  Britons  had  it,  as  we  before  5 

said.  And  the  Picts  obtained  them  wives  from  the  Scots, 
on  the  condition  that  they  should  ever  choose  their  royal  race 
on  the  woman's  side,  which  they  have  held  so  long  since. 
And  it  then  befel,  after  a  course  of  years,  that  some  part  of 
the  Scots  withdrew  from  Ireland  into  Britain,  and  subdued 
some  part  of  the  laud.  And  their  leader  was  called  Reoda, 
from  whom  they  are  named  Dalreddi. 

1  N.B. — The  numerals  in  the  side  I       2  An  error  for  Armorica. — ft  De 


margin   denote   the    pages   of    the 
Saxon  text. 


"  tractu   Armoricano  advecti,"  are 
the  words  of  Beda,  H.E.  i.  1, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


Sixty  winters  ere  Christ  was  born,  Caius  Julius,  emperor 
of  the  Romans,  with  eighty  vessels,  sought  Britain.  There 
he  was  at  first  embarrassed  by  a  fierce  fight,  and  lost  a  great 
part  of  his  army.  And  he  then  left  his  army  to  abide  with 
the  Scots,  and  withdrew  south  into  Gaul,  and  there  gathered 
six  hundred  ships,  with  which  he  again  went  to  Britain. 
And  when  they  first  rushed  together,  the  emperor's  tribune 
was  slain  ;  he  was  called  *  Labienus.  Then  the  Welsh  took 
great  sharp  stakes,  and  drove  them  into  the  fond  of  a  river, 
within  the  water  :  the  river  was  called  Thames.  When  the 
Romans  found  that,  they  would  not  pass  over  the  ford.  The 
6, 7.  Britons  then  fled  to  the  wood  wastes,  and  the  emperor  con- 
quered full  many  a  chief  burgh,  with  great  labour  ;  and  again 
withdrew  into  Gaul. 

f^  2An.  Dom.  I.    Octavianus  reigned   LVI.   years,    and   in  the 
XLII.  (LIT.)  year  of  his  reign  Christ  was  born. 

An.  ii.  (m.)  The  three  astrologers  came  from  the  east  part, 
^  in    order  that  they  might  worship  Christ ;  and  the  children 
were  slain  in  Bethlehem,  in  persecution  of  Christ,  by  Herod. 

An.  in.  (iv.)  In  this  year  Herod  died,  stabbed  by  himself ; 
and  Archelaus  his  son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  And  the 
child  Christ  was  borne  back  from  Egypt. 

An.  iv.,  v.  (vi.) 

An.  vi.  (vn.)  From  the  beginning  of  the  world  to  this  year, 
five  thousand  and  two  hundred  winters  were  past. 


'.V  Before  the  incarnation  of  Christ,  LX.  winters,  Caius  Julius 
the  emperor,  first  of  the  Romans,  sought  -the  land  of  Britain  ; 
and  crushed  the  Britons  in  fight,  and  overcame  them  ;  and 
yet  might  not  there  gain  power .a 


J  An  error  for  Laberius. — "  Eo 
"  die  Q.  Laberius  Durus,  tribunus 
"  militum,  interficitur,"  Csesar,  E.G., 
v.  15. 

2  The  notices  which  occur  be- 
tween this  and  the  year  449  are 
derived  principally  from  Jerome's 


translation  of  Eusebius'  Chronicle 
and  its  continuations,  and  from 
Bede's  Chronicle  and  Ecclesiastical 
History,  to  the  latter  of  which  the 
few  incidents  relating  to  Britain 
during  that  period  are  owing.— 
R.P. 


a  MSS.  A.B.C. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  7 

An.  vii.  (vin.) — x. 

An.  xi.  In  this  year  Herod,  Antipater's  sou,  received  the 
government  in  Judea. 

An.  xn.  Philip  and  Herod  divided  Lysia  and  Judea  into 
four  governments. 

An.  xiii.  (xiv.) — xv. 

An.  xvi.  (xv.)  In  this  year  Tiberius  succeeded  to  the 
empire. 

An.  xvn.  (xvi.) — xxvi.  (xxv.) 

An.  xxvn.  (xxv.,  xxvi.)  In  this  year  Pilate  began  to  rule         8, 
over  the  Jews. 

An.  xxviii.,  xxix.  (xxvi. — xxvin.) 

An.  xxx.  (xxix.)  In  this  year  Christ  was  baptized,  and 
Peter  and  Andrew  converted  ;  and  James  and  John,  and 
the  twelve  apostles. 

An.  xxxi.,  xxxii. 

v  An.  xxxin.  In  this  year  Christ  was  crucified  ;  after  five 
thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty-six  years  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  world. 

v  An.  xxxiv.  In  this  year  St.  Paul  was  converted,  and  St. 
Stephen  stoned. 

An.  xxxv.  In  this  year  the  blessed  Peter  the  apostle  filled 
an  episcopal  chair  in  the  city  of  Antioch, 

An.  xxxvi.,  xxxvu. 

An.  xxxviii.  In  this  year  Pilate  slew  himself  with  his  own 
hand. 

An.  xxxix.  In  this  year  Caius  (Caligula)  succeeded  to  the 
empire.  * 

An.  XL.  Matthew  in  Judea  began  to  write  his  gospel. 

An.  XLI. — XLIV.  (XLIII.) 

An.  XLV.  (XLIV.)  In  this  year  the  blessed  Peter  the  apostle 
filled  an  episcopal  chair  in  Rome. 

An.  XL vi.  (XLV.)  In  this  year  Herod  died,  who  slew  James         w 
one  year  before  his  own  death. 


An.  xn.  In  this   year  Judea  was   divided    into    four  te- 
trarchates.a 


F. 


8  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  XLVII.  (XLVI.)  In  this  year  Claudius,  second  of  the 
Roman  kings,  sought  the  land  of  Britain,  and  took  under  his 
sway  the  greatest  part  of  the  island  ;  and  in  like  manner  sub- 
jected the  Orkney  islands  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Romans. 
This  was  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign  ;  and  in  this  same 
year  was  the  great  famine  in  Syria,  which  Luke  recounts,  in 
the  book  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  through  Agabus  the 
prophet.  Then  Nero  succeeded  to  the  empire  after  Clau- 
dius, who  almost  lost  Britain  through  his  sloth.  Mark  the 
Evangelist  begins  to  write  the  Gospel  in  Egypt. 

An.  XL vin.  (XLVII.)  In  this  year  there  was  a  very  severe 
famine. 

An.  XLIX.  In  this  year  Nero  began  to  reign. 

An.  L.  In  this  year  Paul  was  sent  bound  to  Rome. 

An.  LI. — LXI. 

An.  LXII.  In  this  year  James,  the  brother  of  the  Lord, 
suffered  (martyrdom). 

An.  LXIII.  In  this  year  Mark  the  Evangelist  died. 

An.  LXIV. — LXVIII. 

An.  LXIX.  (LXVIII.)  In  this  year  Peter  and  Paul  suffered. 

An.  LXX.  In  this  year  Vespasian  succeeded  to  the  empire. 
12,  13.  An.  LXXI.  In  this  year  Titus,   son  of  Vespasian,  slew  in 

Jerusalem  c.xi.  thousand  Jews. 

An.  LXXII. — LXXX. 

V  An.  LXXXI.  In  this  year  Titus  succeeded  to  the  empire 
after  Vespasian,  who  said  that  he  lost  the  day  on  which  he 
did  no  good. 

An.  LXXXII.,  LXXXIII.  (LXXXII.) 

An.  LXXXI v,  (LXXXIII.)  In  this  year  Domitian,  Titus' 
brother,  succeeded  to  the  empire. 


v  An.  XLVI.  In  this  year  Claudius  the  emperor  came  to  Britain, 
and  subdued  a  great  part  of  the  island,  and  also  added  the 
island  of  Orkney  to  the  Roman  power.a 

An.  XLVII.  In  this  year  Claudius,  king  of  the  Romans,  went 
with  an  army  into  Britain,  and  reduced  the  island,  and 
subjected  all  the  Picts  and  Welsh  to  the  dominion  of  the 
Roman  s.b 

An.  LXIX.  In  this  year  Peter  suffered  on  the  cross,  and 
Paul  was  slain  (beheaded),a 

a  F.  b  D.  E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  9 

An.  LXXXV.  (LXXXIV.) — LXXXVI.  (LXXXIII.)  (LXXXIV.) 

An.  LXXXVII.  (LXXXV.  LXXXIV.)  In  this  year  John  the 
Evangelist,  in  the  island  of  Patmos,  wrote  the  book  Apo- 
calypse. 

An.  LXXXVIII.  (LXXXVI.  LXXXV.) — xcvm.  (xcix.) 

An.  xcix.  (c.)  In  this  year  Simon  the  apostle,  the  kins- 
man of  Christ,  was  crucified  ;  and  John  the  Evangelist 
rested  (died)  on  that  day  in  Ephesus. 

An.  c.i.  In  this  year  pope  Clement  died. 

An.  c.n. — c.ix. 

An.  c.x.  (c.ix.)  In  this  year  bishop  Ignatius  suffered  (mar- 
tyrdom). 

An.  c.xi. — c.xv. 

An.  c.xvi.  In  this  year  Adrian  the  emperor  began  to  reign. 

An.  c.xvu. — c. xxxvi. 

An.  c. xxxvu.  In  this  year  Antoninus  began  to  reign. 

An.  c.xxxvin. — C.LIV.  (C.LX.) 

An.  C.LXT.  (C.LV.)  In  this  year  Marcus  Antonius  (Antoninus)      14,  15. 
and  Aurelius  his  brother  succeeded  to  the  empire. 

An.  C.LXII. — C.LXVI.  (C.LVI. — C.LX vi.) 

An.  C.LXVII.  In  this  year  Eleutherius  succeeded  to  the 
bishopric  in  Rome,  and  gloriously  (worthily)  held  it  for  twelve 
winters.  To  him  Lucius,  king  of  Britain,  sent  letters,  praying 
that  he  might  be  made  a  Christian  :  and  he  accomplished  what 
he  prayed  for. 

An.  C.LXVIII. — C.LXXXVIII. 

y  An.  C.LXXXIX.  (C.LXXXVIII.)  In  this  year  Severus  suc- 
ceeded to  the  empire,  and  reigned  seventeen  winters.  He 
begirt  Britain  with  a  dike  from  sea  to  sea. 


An.  C.LXVII.  In  this  year  Eleutherus  succeeded  to  the 
popedom,  and  held  it  for  xv.  years  ;  and  in  this  same  year, 
Lucius,  king  of  the  Brito-Welsh,  sent  and  prayed  for  baptism, 
and  he  forthwith  sent  to  him  ;  and  he  continued  in  the  true 
faith  till  the  time  of  Diocletian. a 

An.  C.LXXXIX.  In  this  year  Severus  succeeded  to  the  empire, 
and  went  with  an  army  to  Britain,  and  by  battle  subdued  u 
great  part  of  the  island  ;  and  then  made  a  wall  of  turfs,  and  a 
broad  wall  thereupon,  from  sea  to  sea,  for  the  protection  of  the 


F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE, 

An.  c.xc.  (C.LXXXIX.) — c.xcix. 

An.  cc.  In  this  year  was  found  the  holy  rood. 

An.  cc.i. — CC.LXXXV. 

16,  17.          An.  CC.LXXXVI.  (CC.LXXXIII.)  In  this   year  St.  Alban  the 
martyr  suffered. 

An.  CC.LXXXVII. — CCC.XLII. 

An.  CCC.XLIII.  In  this  year  St.  Nicholas  died. 

An.  CCC.XLIV. — CCC.LXXVIII. 

An.  CCC.LXXIX.  In  this  year  Gratian  succeeded  to  the 
empire. 

An.  CCC.LXXX. 

An.  CCC.LXXXI.  In  this  year  Maximus  the  emperor  succeeded 
to  the  empire.  He  was  born  in  Britain,  and  went  thence  into 
Gaul,  and  he  there  slew  the  emperor  Gratian,  and  drove  his 
brother  from  the  country,  who  was  called  Valentinian.  And 
Valentinian  afterwards  gathered  an  army,  and  slew  Maximus, 
and  succeeded  to  the  empire.  At  that  time  the  heresy  of 
Pelagius  arose  throughout  the  world. 

An.  CCC.LXXXII, — cccc.vm,  (cccc.vn.) 

V  An.  cccc.ix.  (cccc.vm.)  In  this  year  the  Goths  took  Rome 
by  storm  ;  and  never  since  have  the  Romans  ruled  in  Britain. 
That  was  about  xi.  hundred  and  x.  winters  from  the  time 
that  it  was  built.  Altogether  they  ruled  in  Britain  four  hun- 
dred and  seventy  winters,  from  the  time  that  Caius  Julius  first 
sought  the  laud. 

An.  cccc.x. — cccc.xvn. 

18,  19.  An.  cccc.xvm.  In  this  year  the  Romans  collected  all  the 

treasures  that  were  in  Britain,  and  hid  some  in  the  earth,  that 
no  man  might  afterwards  find  them  ;  and  conveyed  some  with 
them  into  Gaul. 

An.  cccc.xix. — cccc.xxn. 


Brito-  Welsh.  He  reigned  seventeen  years,  and  then  ended 
(his  days)  at  York.  His  son  Bassianus  succeeded  to  the 
empire.  His  other  son  was  called  Geta,  who  died.a 

An.  C.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  Severus  built  a  wall  of  turf, 
after  he  had  won  the  land  by  battle  ;  and  a  broad  wall  there- 
upon from  sea  to  sea.  And  he  reigned  seventeen  years,  and 
then  ended  (his  days)  in  York.b 


.  C, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE, 


II 


An.  cccc.xxni.  In  this  year  Theodosius  the  younger  suc- 
ceeded to  the  empire. 

An.  cccc.xxiv. — cccc.xxix. 

An.  cccc.xxx.  In  this  year  Palladius  the  bishop  was  sent 
to  the  Scots  by  Celestine  the  pope,  that  he  might  confirm  their 
faith. 

An.  cccc.xxxi. — CCCC.XLII. 

An.  CCCC.XLIII,  In  this  year  the  Brito- Welsh  sent  to  Rome, 
and  implored  aid  against  the  Picts ;  but  they  had  none,  because 
they  were  warring  against  Attila  the  king  of  the  Huns.  And 
then  they  sent  to  the  Angles,  and  implored  the  same  of  the 
gethelings  of  the  Angle  race. 

An.  CCCC.XLIV.  In  this  year  St.  Martin  died. 

An.  CCCC.XLV. — CCCC.XLVIII. 

An.  CCCC.XLIX.  (CCCC.XLVIII.)  In  this  year  Martian  and 
Valentinian  succeeded  to  the  empire,  and  reigned  seven 
winters.1  And  in  their  days  Hengest  and  Horsa,  invited  by-*--  20,  21. 


An.  cccc.xxx.  This  year  Palladius  (Patricius)  was  sent  by 
pope  Celestine,  to  preach  baptism  to  the  Scots.a 

An.  CCCC.XLIX.  In  this  year  Marcian  and  Yalentinian,  &c., 
and  in  their  days,  Wyrtgeorn  (Yortigern)  invited  the  Angle 
race  hither,  and  they  then  came  in  three  ships  hither  to  Britain, 

at  the  place  named  Heopwines  fleot against  them. 

King  Wyrtgeorn  gave  them  land  in  the  south-east  of  this  land, 
on  condition  that  they  should  fight  against  the  Picts.  They  then 
fought  against  the  Picts,  and  had  victory  whithersoever  they 
came.  They  then  sent  to  the  Angles  ;  bade  them  send  greater 
aid,  bade  them  be  told  of  the  worthlessness  of  the  Brito- Welsh, 
and  the  excellencies  of  the  land.  They  then  forthwith  sent 
hither  a  larger  army,  in  aid  of  the  others.  Then  came  men 
from  three  tribes  of  Germany  :  from  the  Old- Saxons,  from  the 
Angles,  from  the  Jutes.  From  the  Jutes  came  the  Kentish 
people  and  the  people  of  Wight,  that  is,  the  tribe  which  2now 
dwells  in  Wight,  and  the  race  among  the  West  Saxons 


1  Marcian   governed  the  eastern 
empire   from    A.D.    450    to    457. 


Valentinian  III.  ruled  the  western 
empire  from  425  to  455. 
2  That  is,  in  Beda's  time. 


12  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

^  Wyrtgeorn  (Vortigern)  king  of  the  Britons,  sought  Britain, 
on  the  shore  which  is  named  Ypwines  fleot  ;  first  in  support 
of  the  Britons,  but  afterwards  they  fought  against  them. 

An.  CCCC.L.    (CCCC.XLIX.)— CCCC.L1V. 

An.  CCCC.LV.  In  this  year  Hengest  and  Horsa  fought  against 
Wyrtgeorn,  the  king,  at  the  place  which  is  called  -ZEgelsthrep 
(Aylesford)  ;  and  his  brother  Horsa  was  there  slain  ;  and  after 
that  Hengest  succeeded  to  the  command,  and  ^Esc  his  son. 

22,  23.  An.  CCCC.LVI. 

An.  CCCC.LVII.  (CCCC.LVI.)  In  this  year  Hengest  and  ^Esc 
his  son  fought  against  the  Britons  at  the  place  which  is 
called  Crecganford  (Cray ford),  and  there  slew  four  thousand 
men  ;  and  the  Britons  then  forsook  Kent,  and  in  great  terror 
fled  to  London. 


which  is  yet  called  the  Jute  race.  From  the  Old-Saxons 
came  the  East  Saxons,  and  South  Saxons,  and  West  Saxons. 
From  Angeln — which  has  ever  since  stood  waste  betwixt  the 
Jutes  and  Saxons — came  the  East  Anglians,  the  Middle  An- 
glians,  the  Mercians,  and  all  the  Northumbrians.  Their  lead- 
ers were  two  brothers,  Hengest  and  Horsa.  They  were  sons 
of  Wihtgils  ;  Wihtgils  was  son  of  Witta,  Witta  of  Wecta, 
Wecta  of  Woden.  From  Woden  sprang  all  our  royal  kin,  and 
the  Southumbrians'  also.a 

An.  CCCC.XLVIII.  In  this  year  John  the  Baptist  discovered 
his  head  to  two  monks,  who  came  from  the  east,  to  pray  at 
Jerusalem,  in  the  place  that  was  whilom  Herod's  dwelling. 
At  the  same  time  Marcian  and  Valentinian  reigned  ;  and  at 
that  time  came  the  Angle  race  to  this  land,  invited  by  king 
Wyrtgeorn  (Vortigern),  as  a  help  to  him  in  overcoming  his 
foes.  They  came  to  this  land  with  three  long  ships,  and  their 
leaders  were  Hengest  and  Horsa.  First  of  all  they  slew  and 
drove  away  the  king's  foes,  and  afterwards  they  turned  against 
the  king,  and  against  the  Britons,  and  destroyed  them  by  fire 
and  by  edge  of  sword.b 

An.  CCCC.LVI.  In  this  year  Hengest  and  ^Esc,  with  edge  of 
sword,  slew  four  hosts  of  Britons,  at  the  place  which  is  named 
Creccanford  (Cray  ford).13 

*  E.  *  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  13 

All.  CCCC.LVIII. CCCC.LXIV.  (CCCC.LVIT.) 

An.  CCCC.LXV.  (CCCC.LXVI.)  In  this  year  Hengest  and  JEsc 
fought  against  the  Welsh  near  Wippedes  fleet  (Ebbsfleet  ?), 
and  there  slew  twelve  Welsh  aldormen  ;  and  one  of  their 
thanes  was  there  slain,  whose  named  was  Wipped. 

An.  CCCC.LXVI. — CCCC.LXXII. 

V  An.  CCCC.LXXIII.  In  this  year   Hengest   and   JEsc   fought 
against  the  Welsh  and  took  countless  booty  ;  and  the  Welsh 
fled  from  the  Angles  as  fire. 
An.  CCCC.LXXIV. — CCCC.LXXVI. 

An.  CCCC.LXXVII. — In  this  year  JElle  came  to  Britain,  and 
his  three  sons,  Cymen,  and  Wlencing,  and  Cissa,  with  three 
ships,  at  the  place  which  is  named  Cymenesora  (Shoreham  ?), 
and  there  slew  many  Welsh,  and  drove  some  in  flight  into  the 
wood  which  is  named  Andredeslea. 

An.  CCCC.LXXVIII. — CCCC.LXXXI.  24,  25. 

An.  CCCC.LXXXII.  In  this  year  the  blessed  abbot  Benedict,  * 
through  the  glory  of  his  miracles,  shone  to  this  world,  as  the 
blessed  Gregory  relates  in  the  book  of  Dialogues. 
An.  CCCC.LXXXIII.,  CCCC.LXXXIV. 

An.  CCCC.LXXXV.  In    this    year  JElle  fought   against   the 
Welsh  near  the  bank  of  Markredes  burne. 
An.  CCCC.LXXXVI.,  CCCC.LXXXVII. 

An.  CCCC.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  ^Esc  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom, and  for  twenty-four  years  was  king  of  the  Kentish 
people. 

An.  CCCC.LXXXIX.J  cccc.xc. 

An.  cccc.xci.  (cccc.xc.)  In  this  year  JElle  and  Cissa  be- 
sieged Andredesceaster,  and  slew  all  that  dwelt  therein  ;  not 
even  one  Briton  was  there  left. 

An.  cccc.xcii.  (cccc.xci.) — cccc.xciv. 
An.  cccc.xcv.  In  this  year  came  two  aldormen  to  Britain, 
Cerdic,  and  Cynric  his  son,  with  five  ships,  at  the  place  which 
is  called  Cerdices  ora  (Charford);  and  on  the  same  day  fought 
against  the  Welsh. 
An.  cccc.xcvi. — D. 

An.   D.I.  In  this  year  came  Port  to  Britain,  and  his  two 
sons,  Bieda  and  Moegla,  with  two  ships,  at  the  place  which 
is  called  Portsmouth  ;  and  forthwith  landed,  and  there  slew  a 
very  noble  young  British  man. 
An.  D.II. — D.VII. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


26,27. 


28,  29. 


An,  D.VIII.  In  this  year  Cerdic  and  Cynric  slew  a  British 
king,  whose  name  was  Natanleod,  and  five  thousand  men 
with  him  ;  after  that  the  land  was  named  Natanlea  as  far  as 
Cerdices  ford  (Charford). 

An.  D.IX.  In  this  year  St.  Benedict  the  abbot,  father]  of 
all  monks,  went  to  heaven.1 

An.  D.X. — D.XIII. 

An.  D.XIV.  In  this  year  came  the  West  Saxons  to  Britain, 
with  three  ships,  at  the  place  which  is  called  Cerdices  ora  ; 
and  Stuf  and  Wihtgar  fought  against  the  Britons,  and  put 
them  to  flight. 

An.  D.XV. — D.XVIII. 

An.  D.XIX.  In  this  year  Cerdic  and  Cynric  assumed  the 
kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons  ;  and  in  the  same  year  they 
fought  against  the  Britons,  where  it  is  now  named  Cerdic's 
ford ;  and  since  the  royal  offspring  of  the  West  Saxons  has 
reigned  from  that  day. 

An.  D.XX. — D.XXVI. 

An.  D.XXVII.  In  this  year  Cerdic  and  Cynric  fought  against 
the  Britons  at  the  place  which  is  called  Cerdices  leag. 

An.  D.XXVIII.,  D.XXIX. 

An.  D.XXX.  In  this  year  Cerdic  and  Cynric  took  the  island 
of  Wight,  and  slew  many  men  at  Wihtgarasburh  (Caris- 
brook). 

An.  D.XXXI. — D.XXXIII. 

An.  D.XXXIV.  In  this  year  Cerdic,  the  first  king  of  the 
West  Saxons,  died,  and  Cynric  his  son  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom,  and  reigned  on  for  twenty-six  (twenty- seven) 
winters  ;  and  they  gave  all  the  island  of  Wight  to  their  two 
2  nephews,  Stuf  and  Wihtgar. 

An.  D.XXXV. — D.XXXVII. 

An.  D.XXXVIII.  In  this  year  the  sun  was  eclipsed  fourteen 
days  before  the  Kalends  of  March  (February  16th),  from  early 
morning  till  nine  a.m. 

An.  D.XXXIX. 


1  According  to  Mabillon,  Benedict 
died  in  543. 

2  Here  the  term  nefe  (nephew)  is 


used  with  reference  both  to  father 
and  son. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHEONICLE.         15 

^An.  D.XL.  In  this  year  the  sun  was  eclipsed  on  the  twelfth 
of  the  Kalends  of  July  (June  20th),  and  the  stars  appeared 
full  nigh  half  an  hour  after  nine  a.m. 

An.  D.XLI. — D.XLIII. 

An.  D.XLIV.  In  this  year  Wihtgar  died,  and  they  buried 
him  at  Wihtgarasburh  (Carisbrook). 

An.  D.XLV.,  D.XLVI. 

An.  D.XLVII.  In  this  year  Ida  assumed  the  kingdom,  from 
whom  arose  the  royal  race  of  the  Northumbrians,  and  reigned 
twelve  years,  and  he  built  Bebbanburh  (Bamborough),  which 
was  at  first  inclosed  by  a  hedge,  and  afterwards  by  a  wall. 
Ida  was  son  of  Eoppa,  Eoppa  of  Esa,  Esa  was  son  of  Ingui, 
Ingui  of  Angewit,  Angewit  of  Aloe,  Aloe  of  Benoc,  Benoc 
of  Brand,  Brand  of  Bseldasg,  Baeldaeg  of  Woden,  Woden  of 
Freothelaf,  Freothelafof  Freothewulf,  Freothewulf  of  Finn, 
Finn  of  Godulf,  Godulf  of  Geat. 

An.  D.XLVIII. — D.LI. 

An.  D.LII.  In  this  year  Cynric  fought  against  the  Britons  at 
the  place  which  is  named  Searoburh  (Old  Sarum),  and  put  the 
Bri to- Welsh  to  flight.  Cerdic  was  father  of  Cynric  ;  Cerdic 
was  son  of  Elesa,  Elesa  of  Esla,  Esla  of  Giwis,  Giwis  of  Wig,  -°A 
Wig  of  Freawine,  Freawine  of  Freothogar,  Freothogar  of 
Brand,  Brand  ofBseldseg,  Bselda3g  of  Woden. 

An.  D.LIII. — D.LV. 

An.  D.LVI.  In  this  year  Cynric  and  Ceawlin  fought  against 
the  Britons  at  Beranburh  (Banbury). 

An.  D.LVII. — D.LIX. 

An.  D.LX.  (D.-LIX.)  In  this  year  Ceawlin  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  -/Elle  assumed  the  kingdom 
of  the  Northumbrians,  Ida  being  dead  ;  and  each  of  them 
reigned  thirty  winters.  ^JElle  was  son  of  Yffe,  YfFe  of  Uxfrea, 
Uxfrea  of  Wilgils,  Wilgils  of  Westerfalcna,  Westerfalcna  of 


An.  D.LII.  In  this  year  Cynric  fought  against  the  Britons  at 
the  place  which  is  called  Salisbury;  and  ^Ethelberht  was  born 

son  of  Eormenric year  of  his  reign,  he 

received  baptism,  first  of  the  kings  in  Britain.3- 


X, 


16 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


Stefugl,  S&fugl  of  S&bald,  Saebald  of  Sigegeat,  Sigegeat  of 
Swebdaeg,  Swebdajg  of  Sigegar,  Sigegar  of  Wregdaeg,  Waegdrcg 
of  Woden,  Woden  of  Frithowulf. 

An.  D.LXI.  (D.LX.) — D.LXIV. 

An.  l  D.LXV.  In  this  year  JEthelberht  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  the  Kentish  people,  and  held  it  fifty-three  winters. 
In  his  days  the  holy  pope  Gregory  sent  us  baptism  ;  that  was 
in  the  two  and  thirtieth  year  of  his  reign.  And  Columba  the 
mass-priest  came  to  the  Picts  and  converted  them  to  the  faith 
of  Christ.  They  are  dwellers  by  the  northern  mountains  ; 
and  their  king  gave  him  the  island  which  is  named  li  (lona), 
where  there  are  five  hides,  from  what  men  say.  There 
32,  33.  Columba  built  a  monastery  ;  and  he  was  abbot  there  thirty- 
two  winters,  and  there  died  when  he  was  seventy-seven  win- 
ters ;  his  inheritors  yet  have  the  place.  The  south  Picts  had 
been  baptized  long  before  ;  to  them  bishop  Nina,  who  had  been 
taught  at  Rome,  preached  baptism,  whose  church  and  his 
monastery  arc  at  Whiterne,  hallowed  in  the  name  of  St.  Mar- 
tin; there  he  rests  with  many  holy  men.  Now,  in  li  (lona), 
there  must  ever  be  an  abbot,  not  a  bishop  ;  and  to  him  must 
all  the  Scots'  bishops  be  subjects,  because  Columba  was  an 
abbot,  not  a  bishop. 

An.  D.LXVI.,  D.LXVII. 

An.  D.LXVIII.  In  this  year  Ceawlin  and  Cutha,  Ceawlin's 
brother,  fought  against  .JEthelberht,  and  drove  him  into  Kent; 
and  slew  two  aldormen  at  Wibbandun  (Wimbledon),  Oslaf 
(Oslac)  and  Cnebba. 

An.  D.LXIX.,  D.LXX. 

An.  D.LXXI.  In  this  year  Cuthwulf  (Cutha)  fought  against 
the  Bri to-Welsh  at  Bedcanforda  (Bedford),  and  took  four 


V  An.  D.LXV.  In  this  year  the  presbyter  (mass-priest)  Co- 
lumba came  from  the  Scots  to  the  Britons,  to  teach  the  Picts, 
and  in  the  island  of  Hii  (lona)  built  a  monastery.a 


1  The  correct  date,  as  given  by 
Wheelocke,  would  seem  to  be  560, 
as  according  to  Beda  (H.E.  n.  5), 


he  died  in  616,  after  a  reign  of  5G 
years. 


B.C. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 


17 


34,  35. 


y : 


towns  ;  Lygeanburh(Lenbury?),  and  .^Eglesburh  (Aylesbury), 
Bsenesingtun  (Benson),  and  Egonesham  (Ensham)  ;  and  the 
same  year  he  died.  Cutha  was  Ceawlin's  brother. 

An.  D.LXXII. — D.LXXVI. 

An.  D.LXXVII.  In  this  year  Cuthwine  and  Ceawlin  fought 
against  the  Britons,  and  they  slew  three  kings,  Commail,  and 
Condidan,  and  Farinmail,  at  the  place  which  is  called  Deorham 
(Derham),  and  took  three  cities  from  them,  Gloucester,  and 
Cirencester,  and  Bath. 

An.  D.LXXVIII. — D.LXXXII. 

An.  D.LXXXIII.  In  this  year  Maurice  succeeded  to  the 
empire  of  the  Romans. 

An.  D.LXXXIV.  In  this  year  Ceawlin  and  Cutha  fought 
against  the  Britons  at  the  place  which  is  named  Fethanleag 
(Frethern  ?),  and  Cutha  was  there  slain  ;  and  Ceawlin  took 
many  towns,  and  countless  booty  ;  and  wrathful  he  thence 
returned  to  his  own. 

An.  D.LXXXV. — D.LXXXVII. 

An.  D.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  *king  ^Elle  died,  and  ^Ethel-  "ofDeira. 
ric  reigned  after  him  for  five  years. 

An.  D.LXXXIX.,  D.XC. 

An.  D.XCI.  In  this  year  *  Ceol  reigned  five  years.  *  of  Wessex. 

An.  D.XCII.  In  this  year  there  was  a  great  slaughter  in 
Britain  at  Woddesbeorg  (Wansborough),  and  Ceawlin  was 
driven  out.  In  this  year  Gregory  succeeded  to  the  popedom 
at  Rome. 

An.   D.XOIII.    In   this  year    Ceawlin,    and   Cwichelm,    and 
*Cryda,    perished;  and   ^Ethelfrith    succeeded   to   the  king-  *  k.  of  Mcrcia. 
dom  of  the  Northumbrians  :  he  was  son  of  ^Ethelric,  ^Ethelric 
of  Ida. 

An.  D.XCIV.,  D.XCV. 

An.  D.XCVI.  In  this  year  pope  Gregory  sent  Augustine  to 
Britain  with  a  great  many  monks,  who  preached  the  word  of 
God  to  the  nation  of  the  Angles. 

An.  D.XCVII.  In  this  year  Ceolwulf  began  to  reign  over  the 
West  Saxons,  and  he  constantly  fought  and  strove  against  36,  37. 
either  the  Angle  race,  or  against  the  Welsh,  or  against  the 
Picts,  or  against  the  Scots.  He  was  son  of  Cutha,  Cutha  of 
Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic,  Cerdic  of  Elesa,  Elesa  of  Esla, 
Esla  of  Giwis,  Giwis  of  Wig,  Wig  of  Freawine,  Freawine  of 
Freothogar,  Freothogar  of  Brand,  Brand  of  Bneldreg,  Bseldaeg 

VOL.    II.  B 


18  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

of  Woden.  In  this  year  Augustine  and  his  companions 
came  to  England. 

An.  D.XCVIII. — DC. 

An.  DC.I.  In  this  year  pope  Gregory  sent  the  pall  to  arch- 
bishop Augustine  in  Britain,  and  a  great  many  religious 
teachers  to  aid  him,  and  among  them  was  Paulinus  the 
bishop,  who  afterwards  converted  Eadwine,  king  of  ilic 
Northumbrians,  to  baptism. 

An.  DC.II. 

An.  DC.III.  In  this  year  there  was  a  battle  at  JEgesanstan 
(Dawston). 

An.  DC.IV.  In  this  year  the  East  Saxons  received  the  faith 
and  bath  of  baptism,  under  king  S^berht  and  bishop  Mellitus. 

An.  DC.V. 

An.  DC. vi.  (DC.V.)  In  this  year  pope  Gregory  died,  ten 
years  after  he  had  sent  us  baptism.1  His  father  was  called 
Gordian,  and  his  mother  Silvia.  And  in  this  year  ^Ethel- 
frith  led  his  army  to  Chester,  and  there  slew  numberless 
Welsh  ;  and  so  was  fulfilled  the  prophecy  of  Augustine,  which 


An.  DC.III.  In  this  year  JEgthan  king  of  the  Scots  fought 
against  the  Dalreods,  and  against  JEthelferth,  king  of  the 
Northumbrians,  at  Dregsanstan  (Dawston),  and  almost  all  his 
army  was  slain.  There  was  slain  Theodbald,  -ZEthelferth's 
brother,  with  all  his  host.  Since  then  no  king  of  Scots  has 
dared  to  lead  an  army  into  this  nation.  Hering  son  of  Hussa 
led  the  army  hither. a 

An.  DC.IV.  In  this  year  Augustine  hallowed  two  bishops, 
Mellitus  and  Justus.  Mellitus  he  sent  to  preach  baptism  to 
the  East  Saxons,  where  the  king  was  called  Sreberht,  son  of 
*  k.  of  Kent.  Ricole,  sister  of  'JEthelberht,  whom  JEthelberht  had  there  set 
38,  39-  as  king.  And  JEthelberht  gave  to  Mellitus  a  bishop's  see  at 
London  ;  and  to  Justus  he  gave  Rochester,  which  is  twenty- 
four  miles  from  Canterbury.11 


1  Inserted    in  A.    under  DC.VII.  I  and  Tigernach,  the  event  took  place 
According  to  the  Cambrian  Annals  |  in  613. 


E. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  19 

he  uttered  :  "  If  the  Welsh  refuse  peace  with  us,  they  shall 
perish  at  the  hands  of  the  Saxons."  There  were  also  slain 
two  hundred  priests,  who  came  thither  that  they  might  pray 
for  the  army  of  the  Welsh.  Their  chief  was  named  Scromail 
(Brocmail),  who  escaped  thence  with  some  fifty. 

An.  DC. vii.  (DC. vi.,  DC.VII.)  In  this  year  Ceolwulf  fought 
with  the  South  Saxons. 

An.  DC.VIII. — DC.X. 

An.  DC.XI.  In  this  year  Cynegils  succeeded  to  the  kingdom 
of  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it  thirty-one  winters.  Cynegils 
was  son  of  Ceol,  Ceol  of  Cutha,  Cutha  of  Cynric. 

An.  DC.XII.,  DC. xni. 

An.  DC.XIV.  In  this  year  Cynegils  and  Cwichelm  fought  at 
Beandon  (Bampton  ?),  and  slew  two  thousand  and  sixty-five 
Welsh. 

An.  DC.XV.  40,  41, 

An.  DC.XVI.  In  this  year  JEthelberht  king  of  the  Kentish 
people  died  ;  he  reigned  LVI.  winters  ;  and  Eadbald  his  son  suc- 
ceeded to  the  kingdom  ;  who  contemned  his  baptism,  and  lived 
in  heathen  manner,  so  that  he  had  his  father's  relict  to  wife. 
Then  Laurentius,  who  was  archbishop  of  Kent,  was  minded 
that  he  would  go  south  over  sea,  and  forsake  all.  But  by 
night  the  apostle  Peter  came  to  him,  and  severely  scourged 
him,  because  he  woulcl.  so  forsake  God's  flock  ;  and  bade 
him  go  to  the  king,  and  preach  to  him  the  true  faith  ;  and  he 
did  so,  and  the  king  was  converted,  and  was  baptized.  In  this 
king's  days,  Laurentius,  who  was  in  Kent  after  Augustine,  died, 


An.  DC.XVI.  In  this  year  ^Ethelberht  king  of  the  Kentish 
people  died,  who  first  of  English  kings  received  baptism  ;  and 
he  was  son  of  Eormenric  ;  he  reigned  fifty-three  winters. 
After  him  Eadbald  his  son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  who 
contemned  his  Christianity,  so  that  he  had  his  father's  relict 
to  wife.  At  that  time  Laurentius  was  archbishop  ;  and  for 
the  affliction  that  he  had  on  account  of  the  king's  unbelief,  he 
was  minded  to  forsake  all  this  land,  and  go  over  sea.  But  one 
night  St.  Peter  the  apostle  severely  scourged  him,  because  he 
would  so  forsake  God's  flock  ;  and  bade  him  boldly  teach  to 
the  king  the  right  faith,  and  he  did  so.  And  the  king  turned 
to  right.  In  the  days  of  this  same  king  Eadbald,  this  same 

B  2 


20  THE  ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

on  the  ivth  of  the  Nones  of  February  (Feb.  2nd),  and  was 
buried  beside  Augustine.  After  him  Mellitus  succeeded  to 
the  archbishopric,  who  had  been  bishop  of  London.  And 
within  five  years  after,  Mellitus  died.  Then  after  him,  Justus 
succeeded  to  the  archbishopric,  who  had  been  bishop  of 
Rochester,  and  hallowed  Romanus  bishop  thereto. 

An.  DC. xvn.  In  this  year  JEthelfrith,  king  of  the  Northum- 
brians, was  slain  by  Raedwald,  king  of  the  East  Angles  ;  and 
Eadwine  son  of  JElle  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  ravaged 
42,  43.  all  Britain,  save  the  Kentish  people  only  ;  and  drove  out  the 
nethelings,  sons  of  ^Ethclfrith  :  that  was,  first  Eanfrith,  and 
Oswald  ;  then  Oswiu,  Oslac,  Oswudu,  Oslaf,  and  Offa. 

An.  DC.XVIII. 

An.  DC.XIX.  In  this  year  archbishop  Laurentius  died. 

An.  DC. xx. — DC.XXIII. 

An.  DC.XXIV.  In  this  year  archbishop  Mellitus  died. 

An.  DC. xxv.  In  this  year  Paulinus  was  ordained  bishop  of 
the  Northumbrians  by  archbishop  Justus,  on  xii.  Kal.  of 
August  (July  21st). 

An.  DC. xxvi.  In  this  year  Eanflred,  king  Eadwine's  daughter, 
was  baptized  on  the  holy  eve  of  Pentecost  (Jun.  8th).  And 
Penda  had  held  the  kingdom  thirty  winters  ;  and  he  was  fifty 


Laurentius  died.  The  holy  Augustine,  while  in  hale  life, 
had  ordained  him  bishop,  in  order  that  the  church  of  Christ, 
which  was  yet  new  in  England,  might  not,  after  his  decease, 
be  at  any  time  without  an  archbishop.  Then  after  him 
Mellitus  succeeded  to  the  archiepiscopal  see,  who  had  before 
been  bishop  of  London.  And  within  five  years  after  the 
decease  of  Laurentius,  Eadbald  still  reigning,  Mellitus  departed 
to  Christ.a 

An.  DC.XXV.  In  this  year  archbishop  Justus  hallowed 
Paulinus  bishop  of  the  Northumbrians,  on  xn.  Kal.  of  August 
(July21st).b 

An.  *DC.XXVI.  In  this  year  Eomer  came  from  Cwichclm, 
king  of  the  West  Saxons,  thinking  to  stab  king  Eadwine  ; 
but  he  stabbed  Lilla  his  thane,  and  Forthere,  and  wounded 
the  king.  And  on  the  same  night  a  daughter  was  born  to 

a  E.  A.  b  E.  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  21 

winters  old  when  he  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  Penda  was 
son  of  Pybba,  Pybba  of  Cryda,  Cryda  of  Cynewald,  Cynewald 
of  Cncbba,  Cnebba  of  Icel,  Icel  of  Eomasr,  Eomaer  of  Angel- 
theow,  Angeltheow  of  Offa,  Offa  of  Waermund,  Woermund  of 
Wilitlasg,  Wihtlseg  of  Woden. 

An.  DC.XXVII.  In  this  year  king  Eadwine  was  baptized 
with  his  people  at  Easter  (Apr.  12th)  by  Paulinus  ;  and 
this  Paulinus  also  preached  baptism  in  Lindsey,  where  the 
first  who  believed  was  a  powerful  man  called  Blecca,  with  44,  45 
all  his  followers.  And  at  this  time  Honorius,  who  sent  Pau- 
lirius  the  pall  hither,  succeeded  to  the  popedom  after  Boniface. 
And  archbishop  Justus  died  on  the  ivth  of  the  Ides  of 
November  (Nov.  10th)  ;  and  Honorius  was  consecrated  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  by  Paulinus,  at  Lincoln.  To  Honorius 
the  pope  also  sent  a  pall :  and  he  sent  a  letter  to  the  Scots, 
that  they  should  turn  to  the  right  Easter. 

An.  DC. xxvin.  In  this  year  Cynegils  and  Cwichelm  fought 
against  Penda  at  Cirencester,  and  after  wards  came  to  an 
agreement. 

Eadwine,  who  was  called  Eanfla^d.  Then  the  king  promised 
to  Paulinus,  that  he  would  give  his  daughter  to  God,  if  by 
prayer  he  would  obtain  from  God,  that  he  might  slay  his  foe 
who  had  sent  the  assassin  thither.  And  he  then  went  against 
the  West  Saxons  with  an  army,  and  there  slew  five  kings,  and 
many  of  the  people.  And  Paulinus  baptized  his  daughter  at 
Pentecost  with  twelve  others.  And  the  king  within  a  twelve- 
month was  baptized  at  Easter  with  all  his  nobles  ;  Easter  was 
then  on  lind  of  the  Ides  of  April  (April  12th).  This  was 
done  at  York,  where  he  first  commanded  a  church  of  wood  to 
be  built,  which  was  hallowed  in  the  name  of  St.  Peter.  There 
the  king  gave  to  Paulinus  a  bishop's  see  ;  and  there  he  after- 
wards commanded  a  larger  church  to  be  built  of  stone.  And 
in  this  year  Penda  succeeded  to  the*  kingdom,  and  reigned  *  of  Mercia. 
thirty  winters.31 

An.  DC.XXVII.  In  this  year,  at  Easter  (Apr.  12th),  Paulinus 
baptized  Eadwine,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  with  his  people; 
and  earlier  in  the  same  year,  at  Pentecost,  he  had  baptized 
Eanfloed,  the  same  king's  daughter,  &c.b 

a  E.  b  F. 


22                        THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 
All.    DC. XXIX. DC.XXXI. 

k.  of  E.  Auglia.       An.  DC.xxxn.  In  this  year  *Eorpwald  Avas  baptized. 

An.  DC.XXXIII.  In  this  year  Eadwine  was  slain,  and  Pauli- 
nus  returned  to  the  Kentish  people,  and  filled  the  bishop's  see 
at  Rochester. 

An.  DC.XXXIV.  In  this  year  bishop  Birinus  preached  baptism 
to  the  West  Saxons,  under  king  Cynegils.  Birinus  went 
thither  by  command  of  Honorius  the  pope,  and  he  there  was 
bishop  until  his  life's  end.  In  this  year  Osric,  whom  Paulinus 
had  previously  baptized,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  Deira  ; 
he  was  the  son  of  ^Elfric,  Eadwine's  paternal  uncle.  And  to 
Bernicia  succeeded  Eanfrith,  the  son  of  JEthelfrith.  And  in 
this  year  also  Oswald  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  North- 
umbrians, and  he  reigned  nine  winters  :  the  ninth  being 
reckoned  to  him,  on  account  of  the  heathenship  which  they 
46,  47.  had  practised,  who  had  ruled  them  for  one  year,  between  him 
and  Eadwine. 

An.  DC. xxxv.  In  this  year  Cynegils  was  baptized  by 
Birinus  the  bishop  at  Dorchester,  and  Oswald  king  of  the 
Northumbrians  received  him  (for  son). 

An.  DC.XXXVI.  In  this  year  king  Cwichelm  was  baptized 
at  Dorchester,  and  in  the  same  year  died.  And  bishop  Felix 
preached  the  faith  of  Christ  to  the  East  Angles. 


An.  DC.XXXIII.  In  this  year  king  Eadwine  was  slain  by 
Cadwalla  and  Peiida  at  Heathfield  (Hatiield  chase  ?),  on  the 
nnd  of  the  Ides  of  October  (Oct.  14th)  ;  and  he  reigned 
seventeen  years  ;  and  his  son  Osfrith  was  also  slain  with  him. 
And  then  afterwards,  Cadwalla  and  Penda  went  and  laid  waste 
all  the  land  of  the  Northumbrians.  When  Paulinus  saw  that, 
then  took  he  JEthelburh,  Eadwine's  relict,  and  withdrew  in  a 
ship  to  Kent.  And  Eadbald  and  Honorius  received  him  very 
honourably,  and  gave  him  the  bishop's  see  at  Rochester,  and 
he  there  continued  to  his  end.a 

An.  DC.XXXIII.  In  this  year  king  Eadwine  was  slain,  and 
Paulinus  returned  with  ^Ethelburh,  Eadwine's  relict,  to  Can- 
terbury ;  and  archbishop  Honorius  received  them  with  great 
honour,  and  gave  Paulinus  the  bishop's  see  at  Rochester;  and 
there  he  continued  until  his  end.b 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  DC.XXXVII.,  DC.XXXVIII. 

An.  DC.XXXIX.  In  this  year  Birinus  baptized  king  Cuthred 
at  Dorchester,  and  received  him  for  son. 

An.  DC.XL.  In  this  year  Eadbald,  king  of  the  Kentish 
people,  died,  and  he  reigned  twenty -five  (twenty-four)  winters. 
He  had  two  sons,  Erraenred  and  Ercenberht;  and  Ercen- 
berht  reigned  there  after  his  father.  And  Ermenred  begat 
two  sons,  who  were  afterwards  martyred  by  Thunor.  He 
cast  down  all  the  idols  in  his  kingdom,  and  first  of  English 
kings  he  established  the  Easter  fast.  His  daughter  was  called 
Ercongota,  a  holy  maiden  and  wondrous  person,  whose  mother 
was  Sexburh,  daughter  of  Anna,  king  of  the  East  Angles. 

An.  DC.XLI. 

An.  DC.XLII.  (DC.XLI.)  In  this  year  Oswald,  king  of  the 
Northumbrians,  was  slain  by  Penda  the  Southumbrian  at 
Maserfield  (Mirfield  ?)  on  the  day  of  the  Nones  of  August 
(Aug.  5th),  and  his  corpse  was  buried  at  Bardney ;  whose 
holiness  and  miracles  were  afterwards  variously  made  known  48>  49- 
throughout  this  island  ;  and  his  hands  are  at  Bamborough 
uncorrupted.  And  in  the  same  year  that  Oswald  was  slain, 
Oswiu  his  brother  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Northum- 
brians ;  and  he  reigned  thirty  years  less  two. 

An.  DC.XLIII.  (DC.XLII.,  DC.XLI.)  In  this  year  Kenwealh 
succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it 
thirty-one  winters.  And  Kenwealh  commanded  the  old  church 
at  Winchester  to  be  built,  in  the  name  of  St.  Peter  :  and  he 
was  son  of  Kynegils. 

An.  DC.XLIV.  (DC.XLIII.)  In  this  year  archbishop  Pauli- 
nus  died  at  Rochester,  on  the  vith  of  the  Ides  of  October 
(Oct.  10th).  He  had  previously  been  archbishop  of  York,  and 
was  afterwards  at  Rochester.  He  was  bishop  twenty  winters 
less  one,  and  two  months,  and  twenty-one  days.  And  in  this 
year  1  Oswine  son  of  Osric,  Eadwine's  uncle's  son,'  succeeded 
to  the  kingdom  of  Deira,  and  reigned  seven  years. 

An.  DC.XLV.  (DC.XLIV.)  In  this  year  king  Kenwealh  was 
driven  out  from  his  kingdom  by  king  Penda. 

An.  DC.XLVI.  (DC.XLV.)  In  this  year  king  Kenwealh  was 
baptized. 


17  Here  the  original  text  is  evidently  corrupt.     See  An.  DC.XXXIV. 
VOL.  II.  B   4  -f- 


24  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  DC.XLVII. 

An.  DC.XLVIII.  (DC.XLVII.)  In  this  year  Kenwealh.  gave  to 
Outlived  his  kinsman  three  thousand  hides  of  land  by  Ash- 
down.  Cuthred  was  son  of  Cwichelm,  Cwichelm  of  Kynegils. 
In  this  year  was  built  the  monastery  at  Winchester,  which 
king  Kenwealh  had  caused  to  be  made  and  hallowed  in  the 
name  of  St.  Peter. 

An.  DC.XLIX.  (DC.XLVIII.) 

An.  DC.L.  (DC.XLIX.)  In  this  year  JEgelbyrht  of  Gaul  re- 
ceived the  bishopric  of  the  West  Saxons,  after  Birinus  the 
Romish  bishop. 

An.  DC.LI.  (DC.L.)    In  this  year  king  Oswine  was    slain  ; 
indisfarne.  and  *  bishop  Aidan  died. 

An.  DC.LII.  (DC.LI.)  In  this  year  Kenwealh  fought  at  Brad- 
ford by  the  Avon. 

An.  DC.LIII.  (DC.LII.)  In  this  year  the  Middle  Angles, 
under  the  aldorman  Peada,  received  the  orthodox  faith. 

An.  DC.Liv.  (DC.LIII.)  In  this  year  *  king  Anna  was  slain  ; 
and  Botulf  began  to  build  a  monastery  at  Ycanho  (Boston  ?). 
And  this  year  archbishop  Honorius  died,  on  the  und  of  the 
Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  30th). 

An.  DC.LV.  (DC.LIV.)  In  this  year  Penda  perished  ;  and 
the  Mercians  became  Christians.  Then  had  passed,  from  the 
beginning  of  the  world,  five  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty 
winters.  And  Peada,  son  of  Penda,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom 


An.  DC.L,  In  this  year  Birinus  the  bishop  died,  and  ^Egebert 
the  Frenchman  was  ordained.a 

An.  DC.L.  In  this  year  king  Oswiu  commanded  king  Os- 
wine to  be  slain,  on  the  xinth  of  the  Kalends  of  September 
(Aug.  20th)  ;  and  twelve  nights  after,  bishop  Aidan  died,  on 
the  und  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  31st).b 

An.  DC.LIV.  In  this  year  king  Oswiu  slew  king  Penda  at 
Winwidfield  (Wingfield),  and  thirty  royal  persons  with  him  ; 
and  some  of  them  were  kings  :  one  of  them  was  ^Ethelhere, 
brother  of  Anna,  king  of  the  East  Angles,  &c.c 

a  F.  b  E.  c  E  F 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  25 

of  the  Mercians.1  In  this  year  Ithamar,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
hallowed  Deusdedit  to  Canterbury,  on  the  viith  of  the  Kal. 
of  April  (Mar.  26th). 

An.  DC.LVI.  (DC.LV.) 

An.  DC.LVII.  (DC.LVI.)  In  this  year  Peada  died  (was  slam),         52,  53. 
and  Wulfhere,  son  of  Penda,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the 
Mercians." 


1  In  his  time  he   and  Oswiu,  the  brother  of  king   Oswald, 
came  together,  and  said  that  they  would  rear  a  monastery  to 
the  glory  of  Christ  and  the  honour  of  St.  Peter.     And  they 
did  so,   and  gave   it  the  name  of  Medeshamstede  ;  because 
there  is  a  well  there  which  is  called  Mede's  well.      And  they 
then  began  the  foundation,  and  thereon  wrought,   and  then 
committed  it  to  a  monk  who  was  called  Saxulf.      He  was 
greatly  the  friend  of  Grod,  and  all  the  nation  loved  him,  and  he 
was  very  nobly  born  in  the  world,  and  rich  ;  he  is  now  much 
richer  with  Christ.  But  the  king  Peada  reigned  no  long  while  ; 
for  he  was  betrayed  by  his  own  queen  at  Easter-tide.a 

2  In   his   time  the   abbacy   of    Medeshamstede,   which   his 
brother  had  begun,  Avaxed  very  rich.      Now  the  king  loved  it 
much,   for  love  of  his  brother  Peada,    and  for  love  of    his 
'pledge-brother  Oswiu,  and  for  love  of  Saxulf  the  abbot.     He 
then  said  that  he  would  dignify  and  honour  it,  by  the  counsel 
of  his  brothers,  ^Ethelred  and  Merewald  ;  and  by  the  counsel 
of  his  sisters,  Kyneburh  and  Kyneswith  ;  and  by  the  counsel 
of  the  archbishop,  who  was  named  Deusdedit ;    and  by  the 
counsel  of  all  his  '  witan,'  clerical  and  lay,  who  were  in  his 
kingdom  :  and  he  did  so.     Then  the  king  sent  after  the  abbot 
that  he  should  speedily  come  to  him  ;  and  he  did  so.      Then 
said  the  king  to  the  abbot,   "  Lo  !  beloved  Saxulf,  I  have  sent 
after  thee  for  my  soul's  need,  and  I  will  plainly  tell  thee  why. 
My  brother  Peada  and  my  dear   friend  Oswiu  began  a  monas- 
tery to  the  glory  of  Christ  and  St.  Peter.      But  my  brother, 
as  Christ  has  willed  it,  is   departed  from  this  life,  and  I  will 
pray  to  thee,  O  dear  friend !  that  they  work  diligently  on  the 
work,  and  I  will  find  thee  thereto  gold  and  silver,  lands  and 


3  i.e.  baptismal  brother. 


26  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

54,  55.  An,  DC.LVin.    In   this  year  Kenwealh  fought  against  the 

Welsh  at  Peonna  (Pen),  and  put  them  to  flight  as  far  as 
Pedrida  (the  Parret).     This  (battle)  was  fought  after  he  came 


possessions,  and  all  that  thereto  behoveth."  Then  went  the 
abbot  home,  and  began  to  work.  He  so  sped  as  Christ  granted 
him,  so  that  in  a  few  years  the  monastery  was  ready.  When 
the  king  heard  that  said,  he  was  very  glad,  bade  send 
through  all  his  people  after  all  his  thanes  ;  after  the  arch- 
bisop,  and  after  the  bishops,  and  after  his  earls,  and  after  all 
those  who  loved  God,  that  they  should  come  to  him  ;  and  he 
then  set  a  day  when  the  monastery  should  be  hallowed.  At 
the  hallowing  of  the  monastery  king  Wulfhere  was  there,  and 
his  brother  JEthelred,  and  his  sisters,  Kyneburh  and  Kyne- 
swith  ;  and  Deusdedit,  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  hallowed 
the  monastery  ;  and  the  bishop  of  Rochester,  Ithamar  ;  and 
the  bishop  of  London,  who  was  named  Wine  ;  and  the  bishop 
of  the  Mercians,  who  was  named  Jaruman,  and  bishop  Tuda. 
And  there  was  Wilfrith  the  priest,  who  was  afterwards  a  bishop  ; 
and  there  were  all  his  thanes  that  were  in  his  kingdom.  When 
the  monastery  was  hallowed  in  the  name  of  St.  Peter  and  of 
St.  Paul,  and  of  St.  Andrew,  then  the  king  stood  up  before  all 
his  thanes,  and  said  with  a  loud  voice,  "  Thanked  be  the  high 
almighty  God  for  the  worthy  deed  that  is  here  done ;  and  I 
will  this  day  honour  Christ  and  St.  Peter,  and  I  will  that 
ye  all  assent  to  my  words.  I,  Wulfhere,  give  to-day  to  St. 
Peter,  and  the  abbot  Saxulf,  and  the  monks  of  the  monastery, 
these  lands,  and  these  waters,  and  meres,  and  fens,  and  wears, 
and  all  the  lands  that  lie  thereabout,  which  are  of  my 
kingdom,  freely,  so  that  no  man,  save  the  abbot  and  the 
monks,  have  any  authority  there.  This  is  the  gift  :  From 
Medeshamstede  to  Northburh  (Norborough),  and  so  to  the 
place  which  is  called  Folies  ;  and  so  all  the  fen  right  to 
Esendic  (Asendike),  to  the  place  which  is  called  Fethermuth; 
and  so  on  the  straight  way  ten  miles  long  to  Cuggedic,  and  so 
to  Raggewilh  (Rothwell  ?)  ;  and  from  Raggewilh  five  miles  to 
the  straight  river  that  goes  to  vElm  (Elm)  and  to  Wisbec 
(Wisbech) ;  and  so  about  three  miles  to  Throkonholt  (Tro- 
kenholt),  and  from  Throkonholt  right  through  all  the  fen  to 
Dereword  (Dereworth),  which  is  twenty  miles  long  ;  and  so 


THE   ANC4LO SAXON    CHRONICLE.  27 

from  the  East  Angles.    He  was  there  three  years  in  exile  : 
thither  had  Penda  driven  him,  and  had  deprived  him  of  his 
kingdom,  because  he  had  forsaken  his  sister. 
An.  DC.LIX. 


to  Graetecros  (Great  Cross)  ;  and  from  Grsetecros,  through  a 
clear  water  called  Bradan  03  ;  and  thence  six  miles  to  Paccelad  ; 
and  so  on  through  all  the  meres  and  fens  which  lie  towards 
Huntendun-port  (Huntingdon)  ;  and  these  meres  and  lakes, 
Scaelfremere  and  Witlesmere,  and  all  the  others  which  lie 
thereabout,  with  the  land  and  with  the  houses  which  .are  on 
the  east  side  of  Scselfremere,  and  thence  all  the  fens  to  Modes- 
hamstede  ;  and  from  Medeshamstede  to  Welmesford  (Walms- 
ford) ;  and  from  Welmesford  to  Clive  (King's  Cliff),  and  thence 
to  JEstun  (Aston);  and  from  ^Estun  to  Stanford  (Stamford), 
and  from  Stanford  as  the  water  runs  to  the  aforesaid  Nortli- 
burh."  These  are  the  lands  and  the  fens  which  the  king  gave 
to  St.  Peter's  monastery.  Then  said  the  king,  "  This  gift  is 
little  ;  but  I  will  that  they  shall  hold  it  so  royally  and  so 
freely  that  there  be  taken  of  it  neither  tax  nor  gabel,  but  for 
the  monks  alone.  Thus  will  I  free  this  monastery,  that  it 
be  not  subject,  save  to  Rome  only;  and  here  I  will  that  we 
seek  St.  Peter,  all  those  who  cannot  go  to  Rome."  Between 
these  words,  the  abbot  desired  that  he  would  grant  him  that 
which  he  should  desire  of  him  ;  and  the  king  granted  it  to 
him.  "  I  have  here  God-fearing  monks,  who  would  pass  their 
lives  in  an  anchoretage,  if  they  knew  where.  But  here  is  an 
island  which  is  called  Ancarig  (Thorney  Isle  ?),  and  I  will 
crave  this,  that  we  may  there  build  a  monastery  to  the  glory 
of  St.  Mary,  that  they  may  there  dwell  who  may  desire  to  lead 
their  lives  in  peace  and  in  rest."  Then  the  king  answered, 
and  thus  said,  "  Lo  !  beloved  Saxulf,  not  that  alone  which  thou 
desirest,  but  all  the  things  which  I  know  that  thou  desirest  on 
our  Lord's  behalf,  I  will  so  love  and  grant.  And  I  pray  thee, 
brother  .ZEthelred,  and  my  sisters,  Kyneburh  and  Kyneswith, 
for  the  redemption  of  your  souls,  that  ye  be  witnesses,  and 
that  ye  write  it  with  your  fingers.  And  I  pray  all  those  who 
come  after  me,  be  they  my  sons,  be  they  my  brothers,  or  kings, 
that  come  after  me,  that  our  gift  may  stand,  as  they  desire  to 
be  partakers  in  the  eternal  life,  and  as  they  desire  to  escape 


28 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


An.  DC.LX.  In  this  year  bishop  JEgelbyrht  withdrew  from 
Kenwealh  ;  and  Wine  held  the  bishopric  for  three  years  ;  and 
^Egelbyrht  received  the  bishopric  of  Paris,  in  Gaul,  by  the 
Seine. 


from  eternal  punishment.  Whosoever  shall  lessen  our  gift,  or 
the  gifts  of  other  good  men,  may  the  heavenly  gateward  lessen 
him  in  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  And  whosoever  shall  amplify 
it,  may  the  heavenly  gateward  amplify  him  in  the  kingdom  of 
heaven."  These  are  the  witnesses  who  were  there,  and  who 
wrote  it  with  their  fingers  011  Christ's  cross,  and  agreed  to  it  with 
their  tongues.  King  Wulfhere  was  the  first  that  confirmed  it, 
first  by  his  words,  and  afterwards  with  his  fingers  wrote  on  the 
cross  of  Christ,  and  thus  said  :  "I,  king  Wulfhere,  with  the 
kings,  and  with  earls,  and  with  dukes,  and  with  thanes,  the 
witnesses  of  my  gift,  before  the  archbishop  Deusdedit,  confirm 
it  with  the  cross  of  Christ."-}-1  "  And  I,  Oswiu,  king  of  the 
Northumbrians,  the  friend  of  this  monastery,  and  of  the  abbot 
Saxulf,  approve  it  with  the  cross  of  Christ."+  "  And  I,  king 

*  Sighere,  grant  it  with  the  cross  of  Christ."+     "  And  T,  king 

*  Sebbi,  write  it  with  the  cross  of  Christ. "+    "  And  I,  JEthel- 
red,  the  king's    brother,  grant  the  same  with  the    cross  of 
Christ."-}-1    "  And  we,  the  king's  sisters,  Kyneburh  and  Kyne- 
swith,  we  approve  it."+     "  And  I,  Deusdedit,  archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  grant  it.''-}-     After  that,  all  the  others  who  were 
there  assented  to  it  with  the  cross  of  Christ.      They  Avere  by 
name :  Ithamar,   bishop  of  Rochester  ;  and  Wine,  bishop  of 
London,  and  Jaruman,  who  was  bishop  of  the  Mercians ;  and 
Tilda,   the  *  bishop,  and  Wilfrith  the  priest,  who  was  after- 
wards bishop,  and  Eoppa  the  priest,  whom  king  Wulfhere 
sent  to  preach  Christianity  in  Wight ;  and  Saxulf  abbot,  and 
Immine  aldorman,    and    Eadberht  aldorman,  and   Herefrith 
aldorman,     and    Wilberht   aldorman,    and  Abon    aldorman  ; 
^thelbold,  Brordan,  Wilbert,  Ealhmund,  Frethegist.     These 
and  many  others  who  were  there,  servants  of  the  king,  all 
assented  to  it. 

This  writ  was  written  after  the  birth  of  our  Lord  DC.LXIV., 
the  seventh  year  of  king  Wulfhere ;  the  ninth  year  of  arch- 
bishop Deusdedit.  They  then  laid  the  curse  of  God  and  the 
curse  of  all  the  saints,  and  of  all  Christian  people,  on  him 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  29 

An.  DC.LXI.  In  this  year  Kenwealh  fought  at  Easter  at 
Posentesburh  (Pontesbury)  ;  and  Wulfhere,  son  of  Penda, 
committed  ravage  as  far.as^Escesdun  (Ashdown).  And  Cuth- 
red  son  of  Cwichelm  and  *  king  Caenbyrht  died  in  one  year.  *  father  of 
And  Wulfhere,  son  of  Penda,  committed  ravage  on  Wight,  and 
gave  the  people  of  Wight  to  JEthelwald,  king  of  the  South 
Saxons,  because  Wulfhere  had  received  him  at  baptism.  And 
Eoppa  the  mass-priest,  by  order  of  Wilfrith  and  king  Wulf- 
here, first  brought  baptism  to  the  people  of  Wight. 


who  should  undo  anything  that  was  there  done.      "  So  be  it," 
say  all.     Amen.1 

When  this  thing  was  done,  the  king  sent  to  Rome  to 
Vitalian,  who  was  then  pope,  and  desired  that  he  would 
sanction  by  his  writ  and  with  his  blessing  all  this  aforesaid 
thing.  And  the  pope  then  sent  this  writ,  thus  saying  :  "  I, 
pope  Vitalian,  grant  to  thee,  king  Wulfhere,  and  archbishop 
Deusdedit,  and  abbot  Saxulf,  all  the  things  which  ye  desire. 
And  I  forbid  that  either  king  or  any  man  have  any  authority, 
save  only  the  abbot ;  and  that  he  obey  any  man,  save  the  pope 
at  Rome,  and  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury.  If  any  one  break 
this  in  anything,  may  St.  Peter  with  his  sword  destroy  him  ; 
if  any  one  observe  it,  may  St.  Peter  with  the  key  of  heaven 
undo  for  him  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  Thus  was  the  monas- 
tery at  Medeshamstede  begun,  which  has  since  been  called 
Burgh  (Peterborough). 

After  that  came  another  archbishop  to  Canterbury,  who 
was  called  Theodorus,  a  very  good  and  wise  man ;  and  held 
his  synod  with  his  bishops  and  with  the  clergy.  There  was 
2Winfrith  bishop  *of  the  Mercians  deposed  from  his  bishopric,  *  of  Lich field, 
and  Saxulf  the  abbot  was  there  chosen  for  bishop ;  and 
Cuthbald,  a  monk  of  the  same  monastery,  was  chosen  for 
abbot.  This  synod  was  held  six  hundred  and  seventy-three 
winters  after  the  birth  of  our  Lord.a 


1  See  a  late  Latin  copy  of  this 
spurious  grant  in   Cod.  Diplom.  v. 


2  He  was  deposed  for  resisting  the 
partition  of  his  see  by  Theodore. 


aE. 


so 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


*bp.  ofLindis- 
56,  57. 


*  k.  of  Kent. 


An.  DC.LXII.,  DC.LXIII. 

An.  DC.LXIV.  In  this  year  the  sun  was  eclipsed  on  the 
vth  of  the  Nones  of  May  ]  (May  3rd);  and  Earcenbryht,  king 
of  the  Kentish  people,  died,  and  Ecgbryht  his  son  succeeded 
^o  the  kingdom;  and  *Colman  with  his  companions  went 
to  his  country.  In  the  same  year  there  was  a  great  pesti- 
lence in  the  island  of  Britain;  and  of  that  pestilence  died 
*bishop  Tudn>  and  was  buried  at  Wagel  (Wayleigh?).  And 

Ceadda  and   Wilfrith    were    ordained  ;    and   the    same    year 
archbishop  Deusdedit  died. 

An.  DC.LXV.,  DC.LXVI. 

An.  Dc.LXVii.  In  this  year  Oswiu  and  *Ecgbriht  sent 
Wigheard  the  priest  to  Rome,  that  he  might  there  be  hallowed 
for  archbishop  of  Canterbury;  but  he  died  as  soon  as  he 
came  thither. 

An.  DC.LXVIII.  In  this  year  Theodore  was  ordained  arch- 
bishop, and  sent  to  Britain. 

An.  DC.LXIX.  In  this  year  king  Ecgbriht  gave  Reculf 
(Reculver)  to  Bass,  the  mass-priest,  to  build  a  monastery 
thereon. 

An.  DC.LXX.  In  this  year  Oswiu,  king  of  the  Northum- 
brians, died  on  the  xvth  of  the  Kal.  of  March  (Feb.  loth); 
and  Ecgferth  his  son  reigned  after  him.  And  lilothhere,  the 
nephew  of  bishop  JEthelbyrht,  succeeded  to  the  bishopric 
over  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it  seven  years  ;  and  bishop 
Theodore  hallowed  him.  And  Oswiu  was  son  of  jEthelfrith, 
JEthelfrith  of  JEthelric,  JEthelric  of  Ida,  Ida  of  Eoppa. 
V  An.  DC.LXXI.  In  this  year  was  the  great  destruction  of 
birds. 

An.  DC.LXXII.  In  this  year  king  Kenwealh  died,  find 
Seaxburh  his  queen  reigned  one  year  after  him. 


An.  DC.LXVII.  In  this   year  Wigheard  went  to   Rome,  as 
king  Oswiu  and  Ecgbriht  had  sent  him,   &c.a 


1  This  happened  on  the  1st  of  May,  but  the  error  is  Bede's. — R.P. 


F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  31 

Au.  DC.LXXIII.  In  this  year  Ecgbriht,  king  of  the  Kentish 
people,  died  ;    and   in  the    same    year   there   was  a    synod        53,  59 
at  Heorotford   (Hertford)  ;   and  St.  ^Etheldryth  began   the 
monastery  at  Ely. 

An.  DC.LXXIV.  In  this  year  .^Escwine  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons  ;  he  was  son  of  Cenfus,  Cen- 
fus of  Cenferth,  Cenferth  of  Cuthgils,  Cuthgils  of  Ceolwulf, 
Ceolwulf  of  Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic. 

An.  DC.LXXV.  In  this  year  Wulfhere,  son  of  Penda,  and 
jJEscwine,  son  of  Cenfus,  fought  at  Biedanheafod  (Bedwin?); 
and  the  same  year  Wulfhere  died,  and  ./Ethelred  succeeded 
to  the  kingdom.1 


1  In  his  time  he  sent  bishop  Wilfrith  to  Home,  to  the  pope 
that  then  was,  he  was  called  Agatho,  and  announced  to  him, 
by  letter  and  by  word,  how  his  brothers,  Peada  and  Wulfhere, 
and  the  abbot  Saxulf,  had  built  a  monastery,  which  was  called 
Medeshamstede  ;  and  that  they  had  freed  it,  against  king  and 
against  bishop,  from  all  service  ;  and  prayed  him  to  sanction  it 
by  his  writ  and  with  his  blessing.  And  then  the  pope  sent  his 
writ  to  England,  thus  saying  :  2 "  I,  Agatho,  pope  of  Rome, 
greet  well  the  worshipful  -ZEthelred,  king  of  the  Mercians,  and 
the  archbishop  Theodore  of  Canterbury,  and  the  bishop  of  the 
Mercians,  Saxulf,  who  was  previously  abbot,  and  all  the  abbots 
who  are  in  England,  with  God's  greeting  and  my  blessing.  I 
have  heard  the  yearning  of  king  ^thelred,  and  of  the  arch- 
bishop Theodore,  and  of  the  bishop  Saxulf,  and  of  the  abbot 
Cuthbald  ;  and  I  will  that  it  be  in  all  wise  so  as  ye  have 
spoken  it.  And  I  command,  on  behalf  of  God,  and  of  St. 
Peter,  and  of  all  saints,  and  of  all  ordained  persons,  that  nei- 
ther king,  nor  bishop,  nor  earl,  nor  any  man  have  any  autho- 
rity, or  gabel,  or  tax,  or  military  service;  nor  let  any  man  take 
service  of  any  kind  from  the  abbacy  of  Medeshamstede.  I 
command  also  that  the  shire-bishop  be  not  so  bold  that  he 
perform  any  ordination  or  consecration  in  this  abbacy,  unless 
the  abbot  request  it  of  him,  or  have  ( biscop-wite,'  or  synod,  or 


2  See  the  Latin  original  in  Codex  Diplorn.  v.  p.  22,  and  a  Saxon  copy 
at  p.  28. 


32  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

60,  fil.  An.  DC.LXXVI.    In    this   year  JEscwine  died,    and   Ilcddc 

succeeded  to  the  "bishopric  ;  and  Centwine  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons.  And  Centwine  was  son  of 
Cynegils,  Cynegils  of  Ceolwulf.  And  JEthered,  king  of  the 
Mercians,  ravaged  Kent. 


authority  ihere  of  any  kind.  And  I  will  that  the  abbot  be 
Jiolden  as  legate  of  Rome  over  all  the  island  ;  and  that  every 
abbot  who  shall  be  there  chosen  by  the  monks,  be  blessed  by 
the  archbishop  of  Canterbury.  I  will  and  grant  that  every 
man  who  had  promised  to  go  to  Rome,  and  cannot  perform  it, 
either  from  infirmity,  or  his  lord's  need,  or  from  lack  of  means, 
or  from  need  of  any  other  kind  he  cannot  go  thither,  be  he  of 
England,  or  of  whatever  other  island  he  be,  let  him  go  to  the 
monastery  at  Medeshamstede,  and  have  the  same  forgiveness 
of  Christ  and  St.  Peter,  and  of  the  abbot,  and  of  the  monks, 
that  he  should  have  if  he  went  to  Rome.  I  now  pray  thee, 
brother  Theodore,  that  thou  let  be  commanded  throughout  all 
England,  that  a  synod  be  gathered,  and  this  writ  be  read  and 
observed.  In  like  manner  I  command  thee,  bishop  Saxulf, 
that  so  as  thou  yearnest  it  that  the  monastery  be  free,  so  I  for- 
bid thee  and  all  the  bishops  who  shall  come  after  thee,  from 
Christ  and  from  all  his  saints,  from  having  any  authority  over 
the  monastery,  save  as  much  as  the  abbot  may  allow.  I  will 
now  say  by  word,  that  whoso  holds  this  writ  and  this  announce- 
ment, may  he  be  ever  dwelling  with  God  Almighty  in  the 
kingdom  of  heaven  ;  and  whoso  violates  it,  be  he  excommuni- 
cated and  cast  down  with  Judas  and  with  all  the  devils  into 
hell,  unless  he  come  to  repentance.  Amen." 

This  writ  pope  Agatho  and  a  hundred  and  twenty-five 
bishops  sent  to  England  by  Wilfrith,  archbishop  of  York. 
This  was  done  after  the  birth  of  our  Lord  DC.LXXX.,  the  sixth 
year  of  king  jEthelred. 

Then  the  king  commanded  the  archbishop  Theodore,  that 
he  should  appoint  a  meeting  of  all  the  '  witan '  at  the  place 
which  is  called  Ileatfeld  (Hatfield).  When  they  were  there 
gathered,  he  caused  the  writ  to  be  read  which  the  pope  had 
sent  thither,  and  they  all  assented  to  and  fully  confirmed 
it.  Then  said  the  king:  "All  the  things  which  my  brother 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


33 


An.  DC.LXXVII. 

An.  DC.LXXVIII.  In  this  year  the  star  (called)  comet  ap- 
peared in  August,  and  shone  for  three  months  every  morning 
like  a  sun-beam.  And  bishop  Wilfrith  was  driven  from  his 
bishopric  by  king  Ecgferth  ;  and  two  bishops  were  hallowed  in 
his  stead  :  Bosa  to  Deira,  and  Eata  to  Bernicia.  And  Eadhed 
was  hallowed  bishop  of  the  people  of  Lindsey ;  he  was  the 
first  of  the  bishops  of  Lindsey. 

An.  DC.LXXIX.  In  this  year  *^Elfwine  was  slain  by  the 
Trent,  where  Ecgferth  and  ^Ethelred  fought.  And  St. 
JEthelthryth  died,  and  Coldingham  was  burnt  by  divine  fire. 


Peada  and  my  brother  Wulfhere,  and  my  sisters,  Kyneburh 
and  Kyneswith,  gave  and  granted  to  St.  Peter  and  the  abbot, 
I  will  that  they  stand  ;  and  I  will  in  my  day  increase  it, 
for  their  souls  and  for  my  soul.  I  now  give  to-day  to  St. 
Peter,  for  his  monastery  of  Medeshamstede,  these  lands  and 
all  thereto  adjacent  :  that  is,  Bredun  (Bredon),  Hrepingas, 
Cedenac  (Cadney),  Swineshajfed  (Swineshead),  Heanbyrig 
(Hanbury),  Lodeshac  (Loddington),  Scuffanhalch,  Costesford 
(Cosford),  Stretford  (Stratford),  Wsetelleburne  (Wellbourne), 
Lufgeard  (Lufwick  ?),  JEthelhuniglond  (Allington  ?),  Bartha- 
nig  (Bardney).  These  lands  I  give  to  St.  Peter  as  freely  as 
I  myself  possessed  them,  and  so  that  none  of  my  successors 
take  anything  therefrom.  If  any  one  do  it,  may  he  have  the 
curse  of  the  pope  of  Rome,  and  the  curse  of  all  bishops,  and 
of  all  those  that  are  here  witnesses  ;  and  this  I  confirm  with 
the  sign  of  Christ."  +  I,  Theodore,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, am  witness  to  this  writ  of  Medeshamstede,  and  I  confirm 
it  with  my  writing  ;  and  I  excommunicate  all  who  shall  violate 
anything  thereof,  and  I  bless  all  who  shall  hold  it.  *{*  I, 
Wilfrith,  archbishop  of  York,  I  am  witness  to  this  writing, 
and  I  assent  to  the  same  curse.  +  I,  Saxulf,  who  was  first 
abbot  and  now  am  bishop,  I  give  them  my  curse,  and  that  of 
all  my  successors,  who  shall  violate  this.  I,  Osthryth,  queen  of 
^Ethelred,  grant  it.  I,  Adrian,  legate,  assent  to  it.  I,  Putta, 
bishop  of  Rochester,  subscribe  it.  I,  Waldhere,  bishop  of 
London,  confirm  it.  I,  Cuthbald,  abbot,  assent  to  it,  so  that 
whoso  shall  violate  it,  have  he  the  cursing  of  all  bishops  and 
of  all  Christian  folk.  Amen. 

VOL.   II.  C 


34  TEIE   ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

An.  DC.LXXX.  In  this  year  archbishop  Theodore  appointed 
a  synod  at  Haethfeld  (Bishop's  Hatfield),  because  he  would 
set  right  the  faith  of  Christ.  And  in  the  same  year  Hild, 
abbess  of  Whitby,  died. 

An.  DC.LXXXI.  In  this  year  Trumbyrht  was  hallowed  bishop 
of  Hexham,  and  Trumwine  of  the  Picts  ;  because  at  that 
time  l  they  belonged  here. 

An.  DC.LXXXII.  (DC.LXXXIII.)  In  this  year  Cent  wine  drove 
the  Brito-Welsh  as  far  as  the  sea. 
62,  63.  An.  DC.LXXXIII. 

An.  DC.LXXXIV.  In  this  year  Ecgferth  sent  an  army  against 
the  Scots,  and  Berht,  his  aldorman,  with  it ;  and  miserably 
they  afflicted  and  burned  God's  churches. 

An.  DC.LXXXV.  In  this  year  king  Ecgferth  commanded 
Cuthberht  to  be  hallowed  a  bishop  ;  and  archbishop  Theodore 
hallowed  him  at  York,  on  the  first  day  of  Easter,  bishop  of 
Hexham,  because  Trumbyrht  had  been  2  deprived  of  his 
bishopric.  And  in  this  year  Ceadwalla  began  to  strive  for 
the  kingdom.  Ceadwalla  was  son  of  Coenbryht,  Coenbryht  of 
Cadda  (Ceadda),  Cadda  of  Cutha,  Cutha  of  Ceawlin,  Ceawlin 
of  Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic.  And  Miil  was  Ceadwalla's 
brother,  and  he  was  afterwards  burnt  in  Kent.  And  in  the 
same  year  king  Ecgferth  was  slain  by  the  north  sea,  and  a 
great  army  with  him,  on  the  xm.  of  the  Kal.  of  June  (May 
20th).  He  had  been  king  fifteen  winters  ;  and  Aldfrith,  his 
brother,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  after  him.  Ecgferth  was 
son  of  Oswiu,  Oswiu  of  JEthelferth,  ^thelferth  of  JEthelric, 
JEthelric  of  Ida,  Ida  of  Eoppa.  And  Hlothhere,  king  of  the 
Kentish  people,  died  in  the  same  year.  And  John  was 
hallowed  bishop  of  Hexham,  and  he  was  there  until  Wilfrith 
came  in.  John  succeeded  afterwards  to  the  bishopric  of 
York,  for  bishop  Bosa  was  dead.  Then  Wilfrith,  his  priest, 
was  after  that  hallowed  bishop  of  Ceaster  (York),  and  John 
went  to  his  monastery  of  Derewood  (Beverley).  In  this  year 
there  was  bloody  rain  in  Britain,  and  milk  and  butter  were 
turned  to  blood. 


1  That  is,  the  Picts  ;  they  after- 
wards revolted  and  threw  of  the 
Anglian  yoke. 


2  By  the  revolted  Picts,  who  ex- 
pelled the  Anglian  prelate. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE.  35 

An.  DC.LXXXVI.  In  this  year  Ceadwalla,  and  Mul,  his 
brother,  ravaged  Kent  and  Wight.  This  Ceadwalla  gave  to 
St.  Peter's  monastery  at  Medeshamstede  Hoge  (Hook),  which 
is  in  an  island  called  Heabureahg  (Egborough).  The  abbot 
then  of  that  monastery  was  called  Ecgbald  :  he  was  the  third 
abbot  after  Saxulf.  Theodore  was  then  archbishop  in  Kent. 

An.  DC.LXXXVII.  In  this  year  Mul  was  burnt  in  Kent,  and 
xn.  other  men  with  him  ;  and  in  that  year  Ceadwalla  again        64,  65. 
ravaged  Kent. 

An.  DC.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  Ine  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it  thirty-seven  winters. 
And  he  built  the  monastery  at  Glastonbury,  and  afterwards 
withdrew  to  Rome,  and  there  dwelt  until  his  dying  day. 
And  in  the  same  year  Ceadwalla  went  to  Rome,  and  received 
baptism  from  the  pope  ;  and  the  pope  named  him  Peter  ;  and 
after  seven  nights  he  died.  Now  Ine  was  son  of  Cenred, 
Cenred  of  Ceolwald,  Ceolwald  was  brother  of  Cynegils  ;  and 
they  were  the  sons  of  Cuthwine,  son  of  Ceawlin,  Ceawlin  of 
Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic. 

An.  DC.LXXXIX. 

An.  DC.XC.  In  this  year  archbishop  Theodore  died.  He 
was  bishop  twenty-two  winters,  and  he  was  buried  at  Can- 
terbury ;  and  Beorhtwald  succeeded  to  the  bishopric.  Pre- 
viously the  bishops  had  been  Roman  ;  since  then  they  were 
English. 

An.  DC.XCI.,  DC.XCII. 


An.  DC.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  king  Ceadwalla  went  to 
Rome,  and  received  baptism  of  Sergius  the  pope,  and  he  gave 
him  the  name  of  Peter,  and  after  seven  nights  he  died,  on  the 
xnth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  20th),  in  his  l  baptismal 
clothes';  and  he  was  buried  in  St.  Peter's  church.  And  Ine 
succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons  after  him.  who 
reigned  twenty- seven  winters,  and  afterwards  withdrew, 
&c.a 


l/  in  albis  adhuc  positus.  Beda,  H.  E.  v.  7.  under  crisman,  JElfr.  Beda. 


E.  F. 

c  2 


36 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


66,  67.  An.  DC.XCIII.  In  this  year  Bcorhtwald  was  hallowed  arch- 

bishop by  Guodun,  bishop  of  the  Gauls,  on  the  vth  of  the 
Non.  of  July  (July  3rd).  At  this  time  Gefmund,  who  was 
bishop  of  Rochester,  died  ;  and  archbishop  Beorhtwald  hal- 
lowed Tobias  in  his  stead.  And  Dryhthelm  was  withdrawn 
from  life.1 

An.  DC.XCIV.  In  this  year  the  Kentish  people  compounded 
with  Ine,  and  gave  him  thirty  2men  (pounds,  thousands) 
for  his  friendship,  because  they  had  formerly  burned  Mfil. 
And  Wihtred  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Kentish  people,3 
and  held  it  thirty-three  winters.  Wihtred  was  son  of 
Ecgberht,  Ecgberht  of  Erconbryht,  Erconbryht  of  Eadbald, 
Eadbald  of  ^Ethelbryht.4 


An.  DC.XCII.  In  this  year  Brihtwold  was  chosen  archbishop 
on  the  Kal.  of  July  (July  1st)  ;  he  had  previously  been  abbot 
of  Reculver.  There  were  then  two  kings  in  Kent,  Wihtred 
and  Webheard  (Swebheard).:l 


4  And  as  soon  as  he  was  king,  he  commanded  a  great 
council  to  be  gathered  at  the  place  that  is  called  Baccanceld 
(Bapchild),  in  which  were  sitting  Wihtred,  king  of  the 
Kentish  people,  and  Beorhtwald,  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
and  Tobias,  bishop  of  Rochester ;  and  with  them  abbots  and 
abbesses,  and  many  wise  men  were  gathered,  all  to  deliberate 
concerning  the  bettering  of  God's  churches  that  are  in  Kent. 
Now  began  the  king  to  speak,  and  said  :  "  I  will  that  all 
the  monasteries  and  the  churches  that  were  given  and 
bequeathed  in  glory  to  God,  in  the  clays  of  faithful  kings, 
my  predecessors,  and  in  the  days  of  my  kinsmen,  of  king 


1  For  an   account  of  Dryhthelm 
and  his  vision,  see  Beda,  H.E.  v.  12. 

2  The    payment,    whatever    its 
amount  may  have  heen,  was  pro- 
bahly  the  legal  compensation  for  the 
death  of  Mul.  (See  the  vol.  of  A.S. 
Laws).     Of  the  early  Latin  writers 
Ethelweard  says  it  was  30,000  solidi, 
'  per  singulos  constant!  numero  sex- 


decim  nuromis  ;'  Flor.  of  Worcester 
3,750  pounds  ;  and  Malmesbury 
30,000  mancuses,  which  at  8  to  the 
pound  would  agree  with  Florence. — 
R.P. 

a  Prohably  to  the  sole  govern- 
ment, by  the  death  or  expulsion  of 
Swsebheard.  See  Beda,  H.E.  iv. 
26. 


E.  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  37 

All.    DC.XCV.,  DC.XCVI. 

An.  DC.XCVII.  In  this  year  the  Southumbrians  slew 
Osthryth,  JEthelred's  queen,  Ecgferth's  sister. 

An.  DC.XCVIII. 

An.  DC.XCIX.  In  this  year  the  Picts  slew  Beorht  the 
aldorman. 

An.  DCC.,  DCC.I. 


JEthelberht,  and  those  who  followed  after  him,  so  remain  to 
the  glory  of  God,  and  firmly  stand  to  all  eternity  for 
evermore.  For  I,  Wihtred,  an  earthly  king,  stimulated  by 
the  heavenly  King,  and  kindled  with  the  zeal  of  righteous- 
ness, have  learned  from  the  institutes  of  our  forefathers,  that 
no  layman  ought  with  right  to  appropriate  to  himself  a 
church,  or  any  of  the  things  which  to  a  church  belong.  And 
therefore  strongly  and  faithfully  we  appoint  and  decree,  and, 
in  the  name  of  Almighty  God  and  of  all  saints,  we  forbid 
to  all  kings  our  successors,  and  to  aldormen,  and  to  all  lay- 
men, ever  any  lordship  over  churches,  and  over  any  of  their 
possessions,  which  I  or  my  predecessors,  in  days  of  old,  have 
given  for  the  glory  of  Christ,  and  our  lady,  St.  Mary,  and  the 
holy  apostles.  But  be  it  observed,  when  it  happens,  that  when 
a  bishop,  or  an  abbot,  or  an  abbess,  shall  depart  from  this  life, 
it  be  announced  to  the  archbishop;  and,  by  his  counsel  and 
suggestion,  let  such  be  chosen  as  may  be  worthy  ;  and  let  the 
archbishop  inquire  into  his  life  and  purity,  who  shall  bo 
chosen  to  such  offices  ....  and  in  no  wise  let  any 
one  be  chosen,  nor  to  such  office  hallowed,  without  the  arch- 
bishop's counsel.  Kings  are  to  appoint  earls  and  aldormen, 
yhire-reeves  and  judges  ;  and  an  archbishop  is  to  direct  and 
counsel,  and  to  choose  and  appoint  bishops,  and  abbots,  and 
abbesses,  priests  and  deacons  ;  and  to  hallow  and  strengthen 
them  by  good  admonitions  and  example,  lest  any  of  God's 
herd  wander  and  perish."  a  l 

1  Besides  the  mutilated  copy  of  I  See  also  Wiikins,  Concil.  i.  p.  56, 

this  instrument  in  MS.  F.,  there  is  a  I  and  Johnson's   Ecclesiastical  Laws, 

more  perfect  one  in  Cod.  Diplom.  v.  |  i.  p.  125,  edit.  Baron. 

p.  36,  from  a  collation  of  three  MSS.  | 


1'', 


38 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


An.  DCC.II.  In  this  year  Cenred  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  Southumbrians. 

68,  G9.  An.    DCC.III.    In  this  year   bishop    Hsedde    died  ;   and   he 

held  the  bishopric  at  Winchester  twenty-seven  winters. 

An.  DCC.IV.  In  this  year  ^Ethelred,  son  of  Penda,  king 
of  the  Mercians,  assumed  monkhood  ;  and  he  had  held  the 
kingdom  twenty-nine  winters  ;  then  Cenred  succeeded 
thereto. 

An.  DCC.V.  In  this  year  Aldferth,   king  of  the  Northum- 
brians, died   on   the   xixth    of  the   Kal.    of  January  (Dec. 
•ofLiciiCeid.      14th)    at  Driffield,    and   bishop   *Saxwulf.     Then  Osred,  his 
son,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom. 

An.  DCC.VI. — DCC.vm. 

An.  DCC.IX.  In  this  year  bishop  Aldhelm   died  :    he    was 

*  of  Siicrborne.    *bishop  west  of  Selwood ;  and,  in  the  early  days  of   Daniel, 

the  land  of  the  West  Saxons  was  divided  into  two  bishop- 
shires;  and  previously  it  was  one  :  one  Daniel  held,  the 
other  Aldhelm.  After  Aldhelm,  Forthhere  succeeded  to  it. 
And  king  Ceolred  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Mer- 

*  k.  of  Essex,      cians  ;    and    Cenred   went    to    Rome,     and   *Offa  with   him. 

And    Cenred    was   there   till    his   life's   end.      And   in   the 

*  of  Hexham.       same  year   *bishop  Wilfrith   died  at  Oundle,    and  his  body 

was  conveyed  to  Ripon  ;  he  was  bishop  forty-five  winters, 
whom  king  Ecgfrith  had  formerly  driven  to  Rome. 

An.  DCC.X.  (DCC.IX.)  In  this  year  Acca,  Wilfrith's  priest, 
succeeded  to  the  bishopric  which  he  had  before  held  ;  and 
in  the  same  year  the  aldorman  Beorhtfrith  fought  against 
*  70,71.  the  Picts  between  Hasfe  and  Csere  (Heugh  and  Caraw);  and 
Ine  and  Nunna  his  kinsman  fought  against  Gerent,  king  of 
the  Welsh  ;  and  in  the  same  year  Sigbald  (Hygbald)  was  slain. 

An.  DCC.XI. — DCC.XIII. 

An.  DCC.XIV.  (DCC.XIII.)  In  this  year  St.  Guthlac  died,  and 
king  Pepin. 

An.  DCC.XV.  (DCC.XIV.)  In  this  year  Ine  and  Ceolred  fought 
at  Woddesbeorh  (Wansborough).  In  this  year  king  Dago- 
bert  died. 

An.  DCC.XVI.  In  this  year  Osred,  king  of  the  Northumbrians, 

*  eleven?  was  slain  on  the  southern  border  ;  he  had  the  kingdom  *seven 

(eight)  winters  after  Aldferth  ;  then  Cenred  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom,  and  held  it  two  years  ;  then  Osric,  and  held  it  eleven 
years.  And  also  in  the  same  year  Ceolred,  king  of  the  Mercians, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  39 

died,  and  his  body  lies  in  Lichfield,  and  JEthelred's,  the  son  of 
Penda,  at  Bardney.  Then  JEthelbald  succeeded  to  the  kingdom 
of  the  Mercians,  and  held  it  forty-one  winters.  ^Ethelbald  was 
son  of  Alweo,  Alweo  of  Eawa,  Eawa  of  Pybba,  whose  kin  is 
before  written.  And  the  pious  man  Ecgberht  turned  the 
monks  in  the  island  of  lona  to  right,  so  that  they  observed 
Easter  rightly,  and  the  ecclesiastical  tonsure. 

An.  DCC.XVII. 

An.  DCC.XVIII.  (DCC.XVII.)  In  this  year  Ingild,  the  brother 
of  Ine,  died,  and  their  sisters  were  Cwenburh  and  Cuthburh. 
And  Cuthburh  raised  the  monastery  at  Wimborne  ;  and  she 
was  given  (in  marriage)  to  JEldferth,  king  of  the  Northum-         72,  73. 
brians  ;  but  they  separated  during  his  life. 

An.  DCC.XIX.,  DCC.XX. 

An.  DCC.XXI.  (DCC.XX.)  In  this  year  bishop  Daniel  went  to 
Rome;   and  in  the  same  year  Ine  slew  Cynewulf  the  setheling. 
And  in  this  year  the  holy  "bishop  John  died  ;  he  was  bishop  *  of  York. 
thirty-three  years  and  eight  months  and  thirteen  days  ;  and 
his  body  rests  at  Beverley. 

An.  DCC.XXII.  (DCC.XXI.)  In  this  year  queen  -^Ethelburh 
destroyed  Taunton,  which  Ine  had  previously  built.  And 
Ealdbriht  the  exile  withdrew  into  Surrey  and  Sussex  ;  and 
Ine  fought  against  the  South  Saxons. 

An.  DCC.XXIII.,  DCC.XXIV. 

An.  DCC.XXV.  In  this  year  Wihtred,  king  of  the  Kentish 
people,  died,  on  the  ixth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (April  23rd);  he 
reigned  thirty-four  winters  ;  his  kin  is  *above  ;  and  Ead-  *  An.  Daxci 
berht  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  And  Ine  fought  against 
the  South  Saxons,  and  there  slew  Ealdbriht  the  aetheling, 
whom  he  had  before  driven  out. 

An.  DCC.XXVI. 

An.  DCC.XXVII.  In  this  year  Tobias,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
died  ;  and  in  his  stead  archbishop  Beorhtwald  hallowed  Ald- 
wulf  bishop. 

An.  DCC.XXVIII.  (DCC.XXVI.)  In  this  year  Ine  went  to  Rome, 
and  there  gave  up  his  life  ;  and  ^Etlielheard  his  kinsman  suc- 
ceeded to  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it  four- 
teen years.  And  in  that  same  year  ^Ethelheard  and  Oswald 
the  setheling  fought.  And  Oswald  was  son  of  JEthelbald,  74,  75. 
JEthelbald  of  Cynebald,  Cynebald  of  Cuthwiiie,  Cuthwiue  of 
Ceawlin. 


40  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  DCC.XXIX.  In  this  year  the  star  comet  appeared ;  and 
St.  Ecgberht  died  in  lona.  And  in  the  same  year  Osric  died  ; 
he  was  king  eleven  winters  ;  then  Ceolwulf  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  and  held  it  eight  years. 

An.  DCC.XXX.  In  this  year  Oswald  the  ostheling  died. 

An.  DCC.XXXI.  In  this  year  Osric,  king  of  the  Northumbrians, 
was  slain,  and  Ceolwulf  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held 
it  eight  years.1  And  Ceolwulf  was  son  of  Cutha,  Cutha  of 
Cuthwine,  Cuthwine  -of  Leodwald,  Leodwald  of  Ecgwald, 
Ecgwald  of  Aldhelm,  Aldhelm  of  Ocga,  Ocga  of  Ida,  Ida 
of  Eoppa.  And  archbishop  Beorhtwald  died  on  the  Ides  of 
January  (Jan.  13th)  ;  he  was  bishop  thirty-seven  winters, 
and  six  months  and  fourteen  days.  And  in  the  same  year 
Tatwine  was  hallowed  archbishop  :  he  had  before  been  a 
76, 77.  priest  at  Breodun  (Bredon)  in  Mercia :  Daniel,  bishop  of 
Winchester,  and  Ingwald,  bishop  of  London,  and  Aldwine, 
bishop  of  Lichfield,  and  Aldwulf,  bishop  of  Rochester,  hal- 
lowed him  on  the  10th  of  the  month  of  June.  He  had  the 
archbishopric  three  years. 

An.  DCC.XXXII. 

An.  DCC.XXXIII.  In  this  year  JEthelbald  captured  Somerton  ; 
and  the  sun,  was  eclipsed  and  all  the  sun's  disc  was  like  a 

*  Hexham.          black  shield  ;  and  Acca  was  driven  from  his  *bishopric. 

\f  An.  DCC.XXXIY.  In  this  year  the  moon  was  as  if  it  had  been 

*  of  Canterbury,  sprinkled  with  blood ;    and  *archbishop    Tatwine    and    Beda 

died, 2  and  Ecgberht  was  hallowed  bishop. 

*  of  York.  An.  DCC.XXXV.  In  this  year  *bishop  Ecgberht  received  the 

pall  at  Rome. 

*  of  Canterbury.      An.  Dcc.xxxvi.  Iii  this  year  'archbishop  Nothhelm  received 

the  pall  from  the  bishop  of  the  Romans. 

*  of  Sherborne.        Aii.  DCC.xxxvu.   This   year  *bishop  Forthhere  and  tqueen 
tofNorthum-      Frythogith  went  to  Rome  ;    and  king  JCeolwulf  received  St. 
bna*  Peter's  tonsure,  and  gave  his  kingdom  to  Eadberht,  son  of  his 
"ofLindisfarne.  paternal  uncle  ;  he  reigned  twenty-one  winters  ;  and  *bishop 

*  of  Lindisfarne.  JEthelwold  and  Acca  died,  and  Cynewulf  was  hallowed  "bishop. 

And  in  the  same  year  king  ^thelbald  ravaged  the  land  of  the 
Northumbrians. 


1  Erroneously  repeated  under  this 
date  from  DCC.XXIX.,  in  which  year 


Osric's  death  is  placed    by  Beda, 
H.E.  v.  24. 
2  Beda  died  in  DCC.XXXV. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 


41 


An.  DCC.XXXVIII.  In  this  year  Eadberht,  son  of  Eata  (Eata         78,  79. 
was   son   of  Leodwald),   succeeded   to   the   kingdom   of  the 
Northumbrians,  and  held    it   twenty-one   winters ;    and   his 
brother  was   *archbishop  Ecgberht,  son  of  Eata;   and  they  *  of  York, 
both  rest  at  York,  in  one  porch. 

An.  DCC.XXXIX.,  DCC.XL. 

An.  DCC.XLI.  (DCC.XL.)  In  this  year  king  JEthelheard  died, 
and  Cuthred,  his  kinsman,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the 
West  Saxons,  and  held  it  sixteen  winters  ;  and  he  warred 
boldly  against  JEthelbald,  king  of  the  Mercians.  And 
'archbishop  Nothhelm  died,  and  Cuthbyrht  was  hallowed  *  of  Canterbury, 
archbishop  ;  and  bishop  Dun  to  Rochester.  This  year  York 
was  burnt. 

An.  DCC.XLII.  In  this  year  ]  a  great  synod  was  gathered  at 
Clofesho  (Cliff)  ;  and  there  were  JEthelbald,  king  of  the 
Mercians,  and  archbishop  Cuthbyrht,  and  many  other  wise 
men. 

An.  DCC.XLIII.  In  this  year  JEthelbald,  king  of  the 
Mercians,  and  Cuthred,  king  of  the  West  Saxons,  fought 
against  the  Welsh. 

An.  DCC.XLIV.  In  this  year  bishop  Daniel  resigned  the  sec 
of  Winchester,  and  Hunferth  succeeded  to  the  bishopric. 
And  stars  went  shooting  rapidly;  and  Wilfrith  the  younger, 
who  was  bishop  of  York,  died,  on  the  mrd  of  the  Kal.  of  May 
(April  29th)  ;  and  he  was  2  thirty  winters  bishop. 

An.  DCC.XL v.  In  this  year  Daniel  died  :    then  were  forty-         80, 81. 
three  winters  agone  since  he  succeeded  to  the  bishopric. 

An.  DCC.XLVI.  In  this  year  *king  Selred  was  slain.  *  of  the  E.  Saxon 

An.  DCC.XL vii. 

An.  DCC.XL vin.  In  this  year  Cynric,  aetheling  of  the  West 
Saxons,  was  slain  ;  and  Eadbryht,  king  of  the  Kentish  people, 


1  The   acts    of  this  council  are 
printed  in  the  Codex  Diplomaticus 
(i.  p.  105)  from  three  MSS.     A  cor- 
rupt copy  is  also  in  Wilkins,  Con  - 
cilia,  i.  p.  86  ;  and  a  more  complete 
one  in  the  Latin  text  of  MS.  F.    See 
also  Johnson,  Eccles.  Laws,  i.  p.  236, 
edit.  Baron. 

2  Wilfrith  succeeded  St.  John  of 


Beverley  in  the  see  of  York  in  721, 
and  was  consequently  bishop  only 
twenty-three  years.  M.  Westm., 
Wendover,  and  other  chroniclers 
place  his  death  in  743,  apparently 
confounding  him  with  Wilfrith, 
bishop  of  Worcester,  who,  accord- 
ing to  Florence,  died  in  that  year. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


Cutlired's. 


82,  83. 


died,  and  .^thelbyrht,  son  of  king  Wihtred,  succeeded  to  tlie 
kingdom. 

An.  DCC.XLIX. 

An.  DCC.L.  In  this  year  Cuthred,  king  of  the  West  Saxons, 
fought  against  JEthelhun,  the  proud  aldorman. 

An.  DCC.LI. 

An.  DCC.LII.  In  this  year  Cuthred,  king  of  the  West  Saxons, 
in  the  twelfth  year  of  his  reign,  fought  at  Burford  against 
JEthelbald,  king  of  the  Mercians,  and  put  hini  to  flight. 

An.  DCC.LIII.  In  this  year  Cuthred,  king  of  the  West 
Saxons,  fought  against  the  Welsh. 

An.  DCC.LIV.  In  this  year  Cuthred,  king  of  the  West 
Saxons,  died  ;  and  Cyneheard  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  of 
Winchester,  after  Hunferth  ;  and  in  that  year  Canterbury  was 
burnt ;  and  Sigebryht,  *  his  kinsman,  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  West  Saxons,  and  held  it  one  year. 

An.  DCC.LY.  In  this  year  Cynewulf  and  the  West  Saxon 
'  witan '  deprived  Sigebryht,  his  kinsman,  of  his  kingdom,  for 
his  unrighteous  deeds,  except  Hampshire  ;  and  that  he  held 
until  he  slew  the  aldorman  who  had  longest  remained  with 
him.  And  then  Cynewulf  drove  him  into  Andred  ;  and  ho 
there  abode  until  a  herdsman  stabbed  him  at  Pryfetes  flod 
(Privet)  ;  and  he  avenged  the  aldorman  Cumbra.  And 
Cynewulf  fought  often  in  great  battles  against  the  Brito- 
Welsh  ;  !  and  about  thirty-one  winters  after  he  had  the 
kingdom,  he  would  drive  out  an  astheling,  who  was  named 
Cyneheard,  and  Cyneheard  was  Sigebryht's  brother.  And  he 


y   o: 


An.  BCC.LV.  In  this  year  Cynewulf  deprived  king  Sigebryht 
of  his  kingdom  ;  and  Sigebryht's  brother,  named  Cyneheard, 
slew  Cynewulf  at  Merantun  (Merton)  ;  and  he  reigned  thirty- 
one  years.  And  in  the  same  year  ^Ethelbald,  king  of  the 
Mercians,  was  slain  at  Repton,  and  Offa  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  Mercians,  Beornred  being  put  to  flight.11 


1  The  following  narrative  is  here 
by  anticipation,  as  the  murder  of 
Cynewulf  was  not  perpetrated  until 


784,  under  which  date  it  is  regularly 
recorded.  It  is  no  doubt  an  early 
interpolation. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


1  *  Fores  cunctas  seratas  invene- 
'  runt,'  Fl.  Wigorn.  I  suspect,  ne- 
vertheless, that  the  '  tobeiocen  '  of 
the  text  means  that  they  unclosed 
the  gates,  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
a  parley  with  the  king's  followers, 


a  sense  which  the  context1  seems  to 
justify. 

2  According  to  the  dates  given  in 
the  chronicles,  Cynewulf  reigned 
only  twenty-nine  years,  viz.,  from 
755  to  784. 


84,  85. 


'then  learned  that  the  king',  with  a  small  company,  was  on  a  i 
visit  to  a  woman  at:  Merantun  (Merton),  and  he  there  beset 
him,  and  surrounded  the  bower  *(bur),  before  the  men  dis-  *  burh>  E-c- 
covered  him  who  wfere  with  the  king.  And  when  the  king 
perceived  that,  he  went  to  the  door,  and  then  gallantly 
defended  himself,  until  he  looked  on  the  astheling,  and  then 
rushed  out  on  him,  and  sorely  wounded  him  ;  and  they  were 
all  fighting  against  the  king,  until  they  had  slain  him.  And 
when  by  the  woman's  gestures  the  king's  thanes  had  dis- 
covered the  tumult,  they  ran  thither,  whoever  was  ready,  and 
with  all  speed.  And  to  each  of  them  the  astheling  offered 
money  and  life  ;  and  not  one  of  them  would  accept  it  ;  but 
they  continued  fighting,  until  they  were  all  slain,  save  one,  a 
British  hostage,  and  he  was  sorely  wounded.  When'  in  the 
morning,  the  king's  thanes,  who  had  remained  behind,  heard 
that  the  king  was  slain,  they  rode  thither,  and  Osric  his 
aldorman,  and  Wigferth  his  thane,  and  the  men  whom  he  had 
previously  left  belling  and  found  the  astheling  in  the  burgh 
where  the  king  lay  slain  ;  and  they  had  *  locked  the  gates 
against  them,  and  they  went  thereto.  And  he  then  offered 
them  their  own  choice  of  money  and  land,  if  they  would  grant 
him  the  kingdom  ;  and  made  known  to  them  that  their  kins- 
men were  with  him,  who  would  not  forsake  himf\  And  they 
then  said,  that  to  them  no  kinsman  was  dearer  than  their  lord, 
and  that  they  would  never  follow  his  murderer.  And  they 
then  offered  that  they  should  go  from  him  uninjured  ;  and 
they  said  that  the  same  had  been  offered  to  their  companions, 
who  before  had  been  with  the  king.  They  then  said  that  they 
no  more  minded  it  *  than  did  your  companions  who  were  slain 
with  the  king.'  And  they  then  were  fighting  about  the  gates,  86,  87. 
until  they  followed  in  and  slew  the  astheling  and  the  men  who 
were  with  him,  all  save  one.,  who  was  the  aldorman's  godson  ; 
and  he  saved  his  life,  although  he  had  been  repeatedly  wounded. 
And  Cynewulf  reigned  2  thirty-one  winters,  and  his  body  lie- 


44  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

Winchester,  and  the  aetheling's  at  Axmiuster;  and  their  direct 
paternal  kin  goes  to  Cerdic.  And  in  the  same  year  ^Ethel- 
bald,  king  of  the  Mercians,  was  slain  at  Seckington,  and  his 
body  lies  at  Repton  ;  and  he  reigned  forty-one  winters  ;  and 
Beornragd  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  a  little  while 
and  unhappily.  And  in  the  same  year  Offa  drove  out  Beorn- 
raed  and  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  thirty-nine 
winters  ;  and  his  son  Ecgferth  held  it  a  hundred  and  forty-one 
days.  Offa  was  son  of  Thincgferth,  Thincgferth  of  Eanwulf, 
Eanwulf  of  Osmod,  Osmod  of  Eawa,  Eawa  of  Pybba  (Wybba) 
Pybba  of  Creoda,  Creoda  of  Cynewald,  Cynewald  of  Cnebba, 
Cnebba  of  Ikel,  Ikel  of  Eomcer,  Eomaer  of  Angeltheow, 
Angeltheow  of  OiFa,  Offa  of  Wcermund,  Waermund  of  Wihtlceg, 
Wihtlaeg  of  Woden.1 

An.  DCC.LVI. 

An.  DCC.LVII.  In  this  year  Eadberht,  king  of  the  North- 
umbrians, assumed  the  tonsure,  and  his  son  Oswulf  succeeded 
88,  89.  to  the  kingdom,  and  reigned  one  year,  and  he  was  slain  by  his 
household,  on  the  vmth  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  25th). 

An.  DCC.LVIII.    In  this  year  archbishop  Cuthbyrht  died  ; 

*  of  Canterbury,  and  he  held  the  *archbishopric  eighteen  years. 

*  of  Canterbury.       An.  pcc.Lix.  In  this  year  Bregowine  was  ordained  *arch- 

bishop  at  St.  Michael's  tide  (Sept.  29th)  ;  and  held  the  see 
four  years.  And  Moll  JEthelwald  succeeded  to  the  kingdom 
of  the  Northumbrians,  and  reigned  six  winters,  and  then 
left  it. 

An.  DCC.LX.  In  this  year  JEthelbryht,  king  of  the  Kentish 
people,  died;  he  was  son  of  king  Wihtred.  '"And  Ccolwulf 
also  died. 

V  An.  DCC.LXI.  In  this  year  was  the  great  winter  ;  and 
Moll,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  slew  Oswine  at  Eadwine's 
cliff  (Edwinstow  ?)  on  the  vmth  of  the  Ides  of  August 
(Aug.  6th).3 

*  of  Canterbury.       An.  DCC.LXii.  In  this  year  'archbishop  Bregowine  died. 

90,  91.  An.  DCC.LXIII.  (DCC.LXII.)  In  this  year  lanbryht  was  or- 

*  of  Canterbury,  darned  *archbishop  on  the   fortieth  day  after  Midwinter  (Feb. 


1  See  Elor.Wigorn.  i.  p.  251,  edit.   I      -See  An.  ix'c.xxxvn. 
Kngl.  Histor.  Society.  'J  See  Sim.  Duueha,  co!.  105, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  45 

3rd),  and  held  the  see  twenty-six  years  ;  and  Frithuwald, 
bishop  of  Whiterne,  died  on  the  Nones  of  May  (May  7th) ;  he 
was  hallowed  at  York  on  the  xvmth  of  the  Kal.  of  Septem- 
ber (Aug.  15th),  the  sixth  winter  of  the  reign  of  Ceolwulf, 
and  he  was  bishop  twenty-nine  winters.  Then  Pehtwine  was 
hallowed  bishop  of  Whiterne  at  -ZElfet-ee  (Adlingflet  ?)  on  the 
xvith  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  17th). 

An.  DCC.LXIV.  In  this  year  archbishop  lanbryht  received 
the  pall. 

An.  DCC.LXV.  In  this  year  Alchrcd  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  Northumbria,  and  reigned  nine  (eight)  winters. 

An.  DCC.LXVI.  In  this  year  archbishop  Ecgberht  died  at 
York  on  the  xmth  of  the  Kal.  of  December  (Nov.  19th);  he 
was  bishop  l  thirty-seven  (thirty-six)  winters;  and  Fritheberht 
at  Hexham;  he  was  bishop  thirty-three  winters  (thirty-four); 
and  -ZEthelberht  was  hallowed  to  York,  and  Alchmund  to 
Hexham. 

An.  DCC.LXVII. 

An.  DCC.LXVIII.  In  this  year  died  king  2  Eadberht,  son  of 
Eata,  on  the  xmth  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  20th). 

An.  DCC.LXIX. — DCC.LXXI. 

An.  DCC.LXXII.  In  this  year  *bishop  Milred  died.  *  of  Worcester. 

V  An.  DCC.LXXIII.    (DCC.LXXIV.)    In    this    year  a  red  cross 
appeared    in  the    heavens   after   sunset ;  and  in  this  year  the 
Mercians   and  Kentish  men  fought  at  Otford  ;  and  wondrous         92,  93. 
serpents  were  seen  in  the  South  Saxons'  land. 

An.  DCC.LXXIV.  In  this  year,  at  Easter-tide  (April  3rd),  the 
Northumbrians  drove  their  king  AJchred  from  York,  and 
took  jJEthelred,  son  of  Moll,  for  their  lord,  who  reigned  four 
winters. 

An.  DCC.LXXV. 

An.  DCC.LXXVI.    In  this  year  *bishop   Pehtwine  died,  on  *  of  Whiterne. 
the  xmth  of  the  Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  19th);  he  was  bishop 
fourteen  winters. 

An.  DCC.LXXVII.  In  this  year  Cynewulf  and  Offa  fought  at 
Benson,  and  Offa  took  the  town.  And  in  the  same  year 


1  This  is  incorrect ;  he  was  con-  j      2  Formerly  king  of  the  North  urn- 
secrated  in  734.  I  brians.     See  An.  DCC.LVII. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  of  North- 
urabria. 


JEthelberht  was  hallowed  bishop  of  Whiterne,  at  York,  on  the 
xvnth  of  the  Kal.  of  July  (June  15th).1 

An.  DCC.LXXVIII.  In  this  year  JEthelbald  and  Heardberht 
slew  three  high  reeves,  Ealdulf  son  of  Bosa,  at  King's  cliff, 
and  Cynewulf  and  Ecga  at  Helathyrn  (Ellerton  ?),  on  the 
xith  of  the  Kal.  of  April  (March  22nd);  and  then  Alfwold 
succeeded  to  the  *kingdom,  and  drove  JEthelred  from  the 
land  ;  and  he  reigned  ten  winters.5 

An.  DCC.LXXIX.  (DCC.LXXX.)  In  this  year  the  Old-Saxons 
and  the  Franks  fought ;  and  the  high  reeves  of  the  North- 
umbrians burned  the  aldorman  Beorn  at  Seletun  (Silton),  on 


*ofLichfield. 
tofLindsey. 
*  of  Leicester. 


1  In  the  days  of  king  Offa  there  was  an  abbot  of  Medes- 
hamstede  called  Beonna.  The  same  Beonna,  by  the  advice 
of  all  the  monks  of  the  monastery,  let  to  the  aldorman  Cuth- 
briht  ten  2 "  bon de-lands  "  at  Swineshead,  with  leasow  and 
with  meadow,  and  with  all  thereto  adjacent,  and  so  that 
Cuthbriht  should  give  to  the  abbot  fifty  pounds  for  it,  and 
every  year  one  night's  entertainment,  or  thirty  shillings  in 
pennies  ;  and  also  that  after  his  day  the  land  should  revert  to 
the  monastery.  At  this  was  witness  the  king  OfFa  and  king 
Ecgferth  and  *archbishop  Hygeberht,  and  "^bishop  Ceolwulf, 
and  *bishop  Inwona,  and  abbot  Beonna,  and  many  other  bishops 
and  abbots,  and  many  other  great  men.3  In  the  days  of  this 
same  Offa  there  was  an  aldorman  who  was  called  Brordan. 
He  desired  of  the  king  that,  for  his  love,  he  would  free  *  his 
one  monastery  called  Woking,  because  he  would  give  it  to 
Medeshamstede  and  to  St.  Peter,  and  to  the  abbot  that  then  was, 
who  was  called  Pusa.  Pusa  was  after  Beonna,  and  the  king 
loved  him  greatly.  And  the  king  then  freed  the  monastery 
of  Woking  against  king,  and  against  bishop,  and  against  earl, 
and  against  all  men,  so  that  no  one  should  have  there  any 
authority,  save  St.  Peter  and  the  abbot.  This  was  done  in 
the  king's  vill  called  Freoricburne. 


2 'terrain    x.    manentium.'    Cod. 
Diplom.  i.  p.  201. 

3  See  the  Latin  documents  in  Cod. 
Diplom.  i,  pp.  201,  204,  from  a  MS. 


belonging  to  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries. 

4  From  all  secular  services. 

5  See  Sim.    Dunelm.,   H.    Hunt, 
a.  778. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


94,  95. 


of  York. 


Of 


the  vin.  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  25th)  ;  and  archbishop 
^Ethelberht  died  at  York,  in  whose  stead  Eanbald  was 
hallowed  ;  and  bishop  Cynewulf  resigned  the  bishopric  of 
Lindisfarne. 

An.  DCC.LXXX.  In  this  year  Alchmund,  bishop  of  Hexham, 
died  on  the  vn.  of  the  Ides  of  September  (Sept.  7th),  and 
Tilberht  was  hallowed  in  his  stead,  on  the  vith  of  the  Nones 
of  October  (Oct.  2nd)  ;  and  Higbald  was,  at  Soccaburh  (Sock- 
burn),  hallowed  bishop  of  Lindisfarne.  And  king  Alfwold 
sent  to  Rome  for  a  pall,  and  made  Eanbald  *archbishop. 

An.  DCC.LXXXI. 

An.  DCC.LXXXII.  In  this  year  died  Werburh,  *Ceolred's 
queen;  and  Cynewulf  bishop  of  Lindisfarne;  and  there  was  a 
synod  at  Aclea  (Ockley)  . 

An.  DCC.LXXXIII. 

An.  DCC.LXXXIV.  In  this  year  Cyneheard  slew  king  Cyne- 
wulf, and  he  was  there  slain,  and  eighty-four  men  with  him  ; 
and  then  Beorhtric  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  West- 
Saxons,  and  he  reigned  sixteen  years,  and  his  body  lies  at 
Wareham  ;  and  his  direct  paternal  kin  goes  to  Cerdic.  At 
this  time  king  Ealhmund  reigned  in  Kent.  This  king  Ealh- 
mund  was  father  of  *Ecgberht,  and  Ecgberht  was  father  of  *  Of  Wessex 
Athulf  (  JSthelwulf  ) 

An.  DCC.LXXXV.  In  this  year  there  was  a  contentious  synod       95,  97. 
at  Cealchyth  (Chalk  ?),   and  archbishop  lanbryht  resigned  'a 
part  of  his  bishopric,  and  Higebryht  was  chosen  by  king  Offa; 
and  Ecgferth  was  hallowed  *king.    In  this  year  abbot  Botwine  *of  Mercia. 
died  at  Ripon.     And  at  this  time  messengers  were  sent  from 
Rome  to  England  by  pope  Adrian,  to  renew  the  faith  and  the 
peace  which|St.  Gregory  had  sent  us  by  the  bishop  Augus- 
tine ;  and  they  were  received  with  honour  and  sent  back  in 
peace. 

An.  DCC.LXXXVI. 

V  An.  DCC.LXXXVII.  In  this  year  king  Beorhtric  took  Ead- 
burh,  king  Offa's  daughter,  to  wife.  And  in  his  days  first 
came  three  ships  of  Northmen  from  2  Hseretha  land.  And  then 
the  reeve  rode  thereto,  and  would  drive  them  to  the 


1  Of  which  Offa  created  the  tem- 
porary archiepiscopal  see  of  Lich- 
field. 


2  Probably  Haurftaland,  a  district 
on  the  west  coast  of  Norway. 


48 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 


i  vill,  for  he  knew  not  what  they  were,  and  they  there  slew 
I  him.  Those  were  the  first  ships  of  Danish  men  that  sought 
/  the  land  of  the  English  race. 

An.  DCC.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  a  synod  was  gathered  in 
the  land  of  the  Northumbrians  at  Pincanheal  (Finchale),  on 
the  ivth  of  the  Nones  of  September  (Sept.  2nd);  and  abbot 
Aldberht  died  at  Ripon. 

98,  99.  Ail.  DCC.LXXXIX.  Iii  this  year  Alfwold,  king  of  the  North- 

umbrians, was  slain  by  Sicga,  on  the  vmth  of  the  Kal.  of 
October  (Sept.  24th)  ;  and  a  heavenly  light  was  frequently 
seen  there,  where  he  was  slain  ;  and  he  was  buried  at  Hexham, 
within  the  church  ;  and  Osred  son  of  Alchred  succeeded  to 
the  kingdom  after  him  ;  he  was  his  nephew.  And  a  great 
synod  was  gathered  at  Aclea  (Ockley). 

•of  Canterbury.       An.  DCC.xc.  In  this  year  "archbishop  lanbryht  died;  and  in 
the  same  year,  abbot  .ZEthelheard  was  chosen  archbishop.     And  - 
Osred,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  was  betrayed,  and  driven 
from  the  kingdom  ;  and  JEthelred,  son  of  ^Ethelwold,  after- 
wards succeeded  to  the  kingdom. 

An.  DCC.XCI.  In  this  year  Baldwulf  was  hallowed  bishop  of 
Whiterne,  on  the  xvith  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  17th),  by 
'archbishop  Eanbald,  and  by  tbishop  JEthelberht. 

An.  DCC.XCII.  In  this  year  Offa,  king  of  the  Mercians,  com- 
of  the  E.  Angles,  manded  the  head  of  'king  JEthelbryht  to  be  struck  off;  and 
Osred,  who  had  been  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  having  come 
home  after  exile,  was  seized  and  slain,  on  the  xvmth  of  the 
Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  14th)  ;  and  his  body  rests  at  Tyne- 
mouth  ;  and  king  JEthelred  took  a  new  wife,  who  was  called 
Rifled,  on  the  md  of  the  Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  29th). 

100, 101.  An.  DCC.XCIII.  In  this  year  dire  forewarnings  came  over  the 

land  of  the  Northumbrians,  and  miserably  terrified  the  people  : 
these  were  excessive  whirlwinds  and  lightnings,  and  fiery 
dragons  were  seen  flying  in  the  air.  A  great  famine  soon 
followed  these  tokens  ;  and  a  little  after  that,  in  the  same  year, 
on  the  vith  of  the  Ides  of  January  (Jan.  8th),  the  havoc  of 
heathen  men  miserably  destroyed  God's  church  at  Lindisfarne, 
through  rapine  and  slaughter.  And  'Sicga  died  on  the  vmth 
of  the  Kal.  of  March  (Feb.  22nd). 


*  of  York, 
t  of  Hexham. 


1  See  DCC.LXXXIX. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


An.  DCC.XCIV.  In  this  year  'pope  Adrian  and  king  Offa 
died  ;  and  JEthelred,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  was  slain  by 
his  own  people,  on  the  xinth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  19th)  ; 
and  *bishop  Ceolwulf  and  bishop  Eadbald  departed  from  the 
land  ;  and  Ecgferth  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Mercians, 
and  died  the  same  year.  And  Eadberht  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  in  Kent,  whose  other  name  was  Praen.  And  the 
aldorman  ^Ethelheard  died  on  the  Kal.  of  August  (Aug.  1st). 
And  the  heathens  ravaged  among  the  Northumbrians,  and 
plundered  Ecgferth's  monastery  at  Donemuth  (Wearmouth)  ; 
and  there  one  of  their  leaders  was  slain,  and  also  some  of  their 
ships  were  wrecked  by  a  tempest,  and  many  of  them  were 
there  drowned,  and  some  came  to  shore  alive,  and  they  were 
forthwith  slain  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

An.  DCC.XCV.  In  this  year  the  moon  was  eclipsed  between 
cock-crowing  and  dawn,  on  the  vth  of  the  Kal.  of  April 
(Mar.  28th)  ;  and  Eardwulf  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the 
Northumbrians,  on  the  und  of  the  Ides  of  May  (May  14th)  ; 
and  he  was  afterwards  blessed  for  king,  and  raised  to  his 
throne  on  the  vnth  of  the  Kal.  of  June  (May  26th),  at  York, 
by  archbishop  Eanbald,  and  bishop  *JEthelberht,  a^id  bishops 

*  +_,     .. 

Higbalcl  and  "Baclwuli. 

An.  DCC.XCVI.  In  this  year  Cynulf  (Ceolwulf),  king  of  the 
Mercians,  ravaged  Kent  as  far  as  the  marsh,  and  took  Preen 
Ihcir  king,  and  led  him  bound  into  Mercia,  [and  caused  his 
eyes  to  be  put  out,  and  his  hands  cut  off].  And  JEthelheard, 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  appointed  a  synod,  and  confirmed 
and  ratified,  by  command  of  pope  Leo,  all  the  things  concern- 
ing God's  monasteries,  that  were  established  in  Wihtgar's  day, 


102,  103. 


ofHexham. 

of  Lindisfarno. 


1  Charlemagne,  in  his  letter  to 
Offa,  (W.  Malmesb.  p.  129),  men- 
tions the  death  of  Adrian,  which 
happened  on  the  25th  Dec.  795,  or, 
according  to  the  reckoning  then  in 
use,  on  the  first  day  of  796.  Offa's 
death  could  not  therefore  have  taken 
place  in  794,  but  must,  no  doubt,  be 
assigned  to  796,  under  which  date  it 
is  again  given  in  MSS.  IX  and  E. 
VOL.  II, 


Offa  began  to  reign  in  756,  and 
reigned  39  years,  or,  according  to 
MSS.  D.  and  E.,  40  years.  A  char- 
ter  of  Offa,  in  Cod.  Diplom.  (i.  p. 
204),  is  dated  796,  though  it  does 
not  appear  on  what  authority  it  is 
assigned  to  that  year  ;  it  is  the  basis 
of  the  document  here  given  under 
DCC.LXXVII. 


50 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


,and  in  the  day  of  other  kings.1  In  this  year  died  OiFa,  king  of 
the  Mercians,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  29th)  ; 
he  reigned  forty  winters ;  and  archbishop  Eanbald,  on  the  ivth 
of  the  Ides  of  August  (Aug.  10th)  of  the  same  year,  and  his 

'ofLindsey.  body  lies  at  York  ;  and  in  the  same  year  died  *bishop  Ceol- 
wulf ;  and  a  second  Eanbald  was  hallowed  in  the  other's  stead, 
on  the  xixth  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  14th). 

104,  105.  An.  DCC.XCVII.  In  this  year  the  Romans  cut  out  the  tongue 

of  pope  Leo,  and  put  out  his  eyes,  and  drove  him  from  his  see  ; 
and  then  soon  after,  with  the  aid  of  God,  he  could  see  and 
speak,  and  was  pope  again  as  he  had  been  before.2  And 
Eanbald  received  the  pall  on  the  vith  of  the  Ides  of  September 

of  Hexham.  (Sept.  8th) ;  and  "bishop  JEthelberht  died  on  the  xvnth  of  the 
Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  16th),  and  Heardred  was  hallowed 
bishop  in  his  stead,  on  the  mrd  of  the  Kal.  of  November 

•ofDunwieh.  (Oct.  30th).  And  *bishop  Alfhun  died  at  Sudbury,  and  he 
was  buried  at  Dunwich  ;  and  Tidfrith  was  chosen  after  him  ; 


ia, 
Cod.  Dipiom. 


1  And  thus  said  :  "  I  JEthelheard,  humble  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, with  the  unanimous  counsel  of  the  whole  synod,  and 
with  ....  of  all  ....  to  the  congregation  of  all  the  monasteries, 
to  which  in  old  days  immunity  was  given  by  faithful  men, 
in  the  name  of  God,  and  by  his  awful  doom,  I  enjoin,  as  I 
have  command  from  pope  Leo,  that  henceforth  none  dare  to 
choose  themselves  lords  over  God's  heritage  from  laymen.  But 
as  it  is  in  the  *writ  which  the  pope  has  given,  or  as  those 
holy  men  have  established,  who  are  our  fathers  and  teachers, 
concerning  holy  monasteries,  thus  let  them  continue  inviolate 
without  any  gainsaying.  If  there  is  any  man  who  will  not 
hold  this  command  of  God,  and  of  our  pope,  and  of  us,  but 
contemns  and  holds  it  for  naught,  let  them  know  that  they 
shall  give  account  before  the  judgment-seat  of  God.  And  I, 
archbishop  -ZEthelheard,  with  twelve  bishops,  and  with  three 
and  twenty  abbots,  confirm  and  ratify  this  same  with  the  sign 
of  Christ's  rood.3 


2  See  the  story  in  Gibbon,  Decl. 
and  Fall,  c.  xlix.,  and  the  authori- 
ties there  cited. 


3  F.,  inserted  in  the  text.    See  Cod. 
Dipiom.  v.  p.  56,  date  798. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


51 


of  Canterbury, 
of  Winchester. 


106,  107. 


and  Sigeric,  king  of  the  East  Saxons,  went  to  Rome.  In  this 
same  year  the  body  of  *  Wihtburh  was  found  at  Dereham,  all 
whole  and  uncorrupted,  five  and  fifty  years  after  she  had 
departed  from  this  life. 

An.  DCC.XCVIII.  In  this  year  there  was  a  great  fight  in  the 
land  of  the  Northumbrians,  in  Lent,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Nones 
of  April  (Apr.  2nd),  at  Whalley  ;  and  there  Alric,  the  son  of 
Heardberht,  was  slain,  and  many  others  with  him. 

An.  DCC.XCIX.  In  this  year  *archbishop  .ZEthelheard  and 
Cynebryht,  'bishop  of  the  West  Saxons,  went  to  Rome. 

An.  DCCC.  In  this  year  king  Beorhtric  and  the  aldorman 
Worr  died  ;  and  Ecgbryht  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the 
West  Saxons  ;  and  on  the  same  day,  the  aldorman  .^Ethelmund 
rode  over  from  the  Hwiccas  (Worcestershire)  at  Cynemaeresford 
(Kempsford),  when  the  aldorman  Weohstan  met  him  with  the 
Wiltshire  men  ;  and  there  was  a  great  fight,  and  both  the 
aldormen  were  slain  ;  and  the  Wiltshire  men  got  the  victory. 
In  this  year  the  moon  was  eclipsed  at  the  second  hour  of 
night,  on  the  xvnth  of  the  Kal.  of  February  (Jan.  16th). 

An.  DCCC.I.  2In  this  year  Beornmod  was  ordained  bishop  of 
Rochester. 

An.  DCCC.II.  (DCCC.I.)  In  this  year-  the  moon  was  eclipsed 
at  dawn,  on  the  xnith  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  20th)  ; 
and  Beornmod  was  hallowed  bishop  of  Rochester  in  the  same 
year. 

An.  DCCC.III.  (DCCC.II.)  In  this  year  archbishop  JEthelheard 
died  in  Kent ;  and  Wulfred  was  ordained  archbishop  ;  and 
abbot  Forthred  died.  In  this  year  Higbald,  bishop  of  Lindis- 
farne,  died,  on  the  vinth  of  the  Kal.  of  July  (June  24th)  ;  and 
Ecgberht  was  hallowed  in  his  stead,  on  the  mrd  of  the  Ides  of 
June  (June  llth). 

An.  DCCC.IV.  (DCCC.III.)  In  this  year  archbishop  Wulfred 
received  the  pall. 

An.   DCCC.V.    (DCCC.IV.)  In   this  year   king   Cuthred   died 
among  the  Kentish  people;    and  the  *abbess  Ceolburh,  and  *  of  Berkeley 
Heabryht  (Heardbryht)  aldorman. 


1  A  daughter  of  Anna,  king  of 
the  East  Angles;  she  was  a  nun  at 
Ely. 


2  Kepeated  with  the  variation  of 
gehalgod    (hallowed')    for    gehadod 
(ordained},  in  the  following  year. 
D   2 


52 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  the  emperor 
Charlemagne. 


An.  DCCC.VI.  In  this  year  the  moon  was  eclipsed  on  the 
Kal.  of  September  (Sept.  1st)  ;  and  Eardwulf,  king  of  the 
Northumbrians,  was  driven  from  his  kingdom  ;  and  Eanberht, 
bishop  of  Hexham  died.  Also  in  this  same  year,  on  the  und 
103,  109.  of  the  Nones  of  June  (June  4th),  a  sign  of  the  cross  appeared 
in  the  moon,  one  Wednesday  at  dawn.  And  again,  on  the 
mrd  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  30th),  a  wonderful  circle 
appeared  about  the  sun. 

An.  DCCC.VII.,  DCCC.VIII. 

An.  DCCC.IX.  In  this  year  the  sun  was  eclipsed  in  the 
beginning  of  the  fifth  hour  of  the  day,  on  the  xvnth  of  the 
Kal.  of  August  (July  16th),  on  the  2nd  day  of  the  week,  the 
29th  of  the  moon. 

An.  DCCC.X.,  DCCC.XI. 

An.  DCCC.XII.  (DCCC.XI.  DCCC.XIV.)  In  this  year  king 
Charles  died,  and  he  reigned  live  and  forty  winters  ;  and 
archbishop  Wulfred  and  Wigbryht,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons, 
went  both  to  Rome. 

An.  DCCC.XIII.  (DCCC.XII.  DCCC.XV.)  In  this  year  arch- 
bishop Wulfred,  with  the  blessing  of  pope  Leo,  returned  to 
his  own  bishopric  ;  and  in  this  year  king  Ecgbryht  harried 
in  West  Wales  from  eastward  to  westward. 

An.  DCCC.XIV.  (DCCC.XIII.  DCCC.XVI.)  In  this  year  the  noble 
and  holy  pope  Leo  died,  and  after  him  Stephen  succeeded  to 
the  popedom. 

An.  DCCC.XV. 

An.  DCCC.XVI.  (DCCC.XIV.  DCCC.XVII.)  In  this  year  pope 
Stephen  died,  and  after  him  Paschal  was  ordained  (hallowed) 
pope  ;  and  in  the  same  year  the  *  Angle  race's  school  was 
burnt. 

An.  DCCC.XVII.,  DCCC. xviii. 

no,  ill.  An.  DCCC.XIX.  (DCCC. xxn.)  In  this  year  Cenwulf,   king  of 

the  Mercians,  died,  and  2  Ceolwulf  succeeded  to  the  kingdom ; 
and  the  aldorman  Eadbryht  died. 

An.  DCCC.XX. 


1  At  Rome  ;    founded,  according 
to  Matthew  of  Westminster,  (a.  727), 
by  king  Inc. 

2  Ceolwulf  succeeded  Cenhelm.  a 


child,  son  of  Cenwulf,  who  was 
basely  murdered  at  the  instigation  of 
his  sister  Cwenthryth. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  53 

An.  DCCC.XXI.  Iii  this  year  Ceolwulf  was  deprived  of  his 
kingdom. 

An.  DCCC.XXII.  In  this  year  two  aldormen,  Burhhelm  and 
Muca,  were  slain ;  and  there  was  a  synod  at  Clovesho 
(Cliff). 

An.  DCCC.XXIII.  In  this  year  there  was  a  fight  of  the  Welsh 
and  Devonians  at  Gafulford  (Camelford  ?)  ;  and  in  the  same 
year,  king  Ecgbryht,  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  king  Beorn- 
wulf,  of  the  Mercians,  fought  at  Ellendun  (Allington  ?);  and 
Ecgbryht  gained  the  victory,  and  a  great  slaughter  was  there 
made.  He  then  sent  JEtkelwulf  his  son,  from  the  army,  and 
Ealhstan  his  bishop,  and  Wulfheard  his  aldorman,  to  Kent, 
with  a  large  force,  and  they  drove  Baldred  the  king  north, 
over  the  Thames;  and  the  Kentish  people,  and  those  of  Surrey, 
and  the  South  Saxons,  and  the  East  Saxons,  turned  to  him, 
because  they  had  formerly  been  unjustly  forced  from  his 
kinsmen.  And  in  the  same  year  the  king  of  the  East  Angles, 
and  the  nation,  sought  Ecgbryht  for  peace  and  as  protector,  12, 
from  dread  of  the  Mercians  ;  and  in  this  same  year  the  East 
Angles  slew  Beornwulf,  king  of  the  Mercians. 

An.  DCCC.XXIV. 

An.  DCCC.XXV.  In  this  year  Ludecan,  king  of  the  Mercians, 
was  slain,  and  his  five  aldormen  with  him,  and  Wiglaf  suc- 
ceeded to  the  kingdom. 

An.  DCCC.XXVI. 

An.  DCCC. xxvii.  In  this  yetir  the  moon  was  eclipsed  on 
Midwinter's  ma^s-night ;  and  the  same  year  king  Ecgbryht 
subdued  the  kingdom  of  the  Mercians,  and  all  that  was  south 
of  the  Humber,  and  he  was  the  eighth  king  who  was  BRYTEN- 
WALDA  (Bretwalda,  Bretenanwealda).  The  first  was  JElle, 
king  of  the  South  Saxons,  who  had  thus  much  sway  ;  the 
second  was  Ceawliu,  king  of  the  West  Saxons  ;  the  third 
was  jEthelbryht,  king  of  the  Kentish  people  ;  the  fourth  was 
Raedwald,  king  of  the  East  Angles ;  the  fifth  was  Eadwine, 
king  of  the  Northumbrians ;  the  sixth  was  Oswald,  who 
reigned  after  him  ;  the  seventh  was  Oswiu,  Oswald's  brother  ; 
the  eighth  was  Ecgbryht,  king  of  the  West  Saxons.  And 
Ecgbryht  led  an  army  to  Dore  against  the  Northumbrians,  n4 
and  they  there  offered  him  obedience  and  concord  ;  and 
thereupon  they  separated. 

An.  DCCC.XXVIII.  In  this  year  Wiglaf  again  obtained  the 


54  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

F  of  Lichfield.  kingdom  of  the  Mercians  ;  and  *  bishop  ^Ethelwald  died  ;  and 
in  the  same  year  king  Ecgbryht  led  an  army  against  the 
North  Welsh,  and  he  reduced  them  to  humble  obedience, 
of  Canterbury.  An.  DCCC.xxix.  In  this  year  *  archbishop  Wulfred  died, 
and  after  him  abbot  Felogild  was  chosen  to  the  archiepiscopal 
see,  on  the  vnth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (April  25th)  ;  and  he 
was  hallowed  on  the  vth  of  the  Ides  of  June  ( Jun.  9th),  one 
Sunday  ;  and  he  was  dead  on  the  inrd  of  the  Kal.  of  Sep- 
tember (Aug.  30th). 

An.  DCCC.XXX.  In  this  year  Ceolnoth  was  chosen  bishop, 
and  ordained  ;  and  abbot  Felogild  died. 

of  Canterbury.       An.  DCCC.XXXI.   (Dccc.xxxn.)   In   this   year   *  archbishop 
Ceolnoth  received  the  pall. 

An.  DCCC. xxxii.  In  this  year  heathen  men  ravaged  Shepey. 
lie,  117.      r  An.  DCCC.XXXIII.  (DCCC.XXXIV.)   In  this  year  king  Ecg- 
bryht fought  against  the  crews  of  thirty-five  ships  at  Carrum 
(Charmouth),  and  there  was  great  slaughter  made,  and  the 
Danes  held  possession  of  the  battle  place.     And  *  Hereferth 
of  Winchester,  and  *  Wigthen,   two  bishops,  died ;  and  Dudda  and  Osmod, 
two  aldormen,  died. 
^-  An.  DCCC.XXXIV.  (DCCC.XXXV.) 

V    An.  DCCC.XXXV.  In  this  year  a  great  naval  force  came  to 
k  the  West  Welsh,  and  they  combined  together,   and  warred 

against  Ecgbryht,  king  of  the  West  Saxons.  When  he  heard 
that,  he  went  thither  with  an  army,  and  fought  against  them 
at  Hengestesdun  (Hengston),  and  there  put  to  flight  both  the 
Welsh  and  the  Danes. 

An.  DCCC. xxxvi.  In  this  year  1  king  Ecgbryht  died  ;  and 
before  he  was  king,  Offa,  king  of  the  Mercians,  and  Beorhtric, 
king  of  the  West  Saxons,  had  driven  him  from  the  Angle 
race's  land  into  France,  for  three  years  ;  and  Beorhtric  as- 
sisted Offa,  because  he  had  his  daughter  for  his  queen.  And 
118,  119.  Ecgbryht  reigned  thirty-seven  winters  and  seven  months  ; 
and  JEthelwulf,  son  of  Ecgbryht,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of 


1  Ecgberht's  accession  is  invari- 
ably placed  in  the  year  800.  If, 
therefore,  the  length  of  his  reign  be 
rightly  stated,  his  death  could  not 
have  happened  before  837.—R.P. 


If  Ecgberht's  expulsion  took  place 
on  the  marriage,  in  787,  of  Beorhtric 
•with  Eadburh,  \ve  ought  apparently 
to  read  thirteen  years  instead  of  three, 
for  its  duration. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


( 


the  West  Saxons  ;  1  and  he  gave  his  son  JEthelstan  the  king- 
dom of  the  Kentish  people,  and  of  the  East  Saxons,  and  of 
Surrey,  and  of  the  South  Saxons.' 

An.  DCCC.XXXVII.  In  this  year  the  aldorman  Wulfhcartl 
fought  at  Southampton  against  the  crews  of  thirty-three 
(thirty-four)  ships,  and  there  made  great  slaughter,  and 
gained  the  victory.  And  in  the  same  year  Wulfheard  died. 
And  in  the  same  year  the  aldorman  JEthelhelm  fought  against 
a  Danish  2army  at  Port  (Portland)  with  the  Dorset  men,  and 
for  a  good  while  put  the  army  to  flight ;  but  the  Danes  held 
possession  of  the  battle  place,  and  slew  the  aldorman, 

An.  DCCC. xxxvm.  In  this  year  the  aldorman  Herebryht 
was  slain  by  heathen  men,  and  many  with  him  among  the 
marsh-dwellers ;  and  again,  in  the  same  year,  in  Lindsey,  and 
in  East  Anglia,  and  among  the  Kentish  people,  many  men 
were  slain  by  the  army. 

An.  DCCC.XXXIX.  In  this  year  there  was  a  great  slaughter 
at  London,  and  at 3  Cwantawic,  and  at  Rochester. 

An.  DCCC.XL.  In  this  year  king  .ZEthelwulf  fought  at  Car- 
rum  (Charmouth)  against  the  crews  of  thirty-five  ships,  and 
the  Danes  held  possession  of  the  battle  place*  And  *  Lewis 
the  emperor  died. 

An.  DCCCiXLI. DCCC.XLIV. 

An.  DCCC. XL v.  In  this  year  the  aldorman  Eanulf,  with  the 
men  of  Somerset,  and  bishop  Ealhstan,  and  the  aldorman 
Osric,  with  the  men  of  Dorset,  fought  at  the  mouth  of  the 


120,  121. 


17  and  ^Ethelstan,  his  second  son,  succeeded  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  Kentish  people,  and  to  Surrey,  and  to  the  kingdom 
of  the  South  Saxons.a 


2  By  the  word  '  here,'  the  army  of 
the  Danes,  or  Northmen,  is  usually 
understood  in  the  Chronicle,  while 
the  English  force  is  denominated  the 
<  fyrd.' 

3  Quantovic  or  Qiftntawich  was 
the  ancient  name  of  S.  Josse-sur- 


Mer,  or  Estaples  ;  it  was  sacked  in 
842.  Ann,  Bertin.  Bouquet,  vii.  61. 
According  to  MS.  C.  it  is  Canter- 
bury— K.P. 

4  The  Debonnaire,  or,  as  the  Ger- 
mans style  him,  the  Pious. 


D.  E.  F. 


56  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CH11ONICLE. 

Parrot   against    the    Danish   army,    and    there    made    great 
slaughter,  and  gained  the  victory. 
,..  An.  DCCC.XLVI. — DCCC.L.  (DCCC.LII.) 

~\  /  An.  DCCC.LI.  (DCCC.LIII.)  In  this  year  the  aldorman  Ceorl, 
with  the  men  of  Devonshire,  fought  against  the  heathen  men 
at  Wicganbeorh  (Wembury  ?),  and  there  made  great  slaughter, 
and  gained  the  victory.  And  in  the  same  year  king  JEthelstan 
and  the  aldorman  Ealchere,  fought  in  ships,  and  slew  a  great 
force  at  Sandwich  in  Kent,  and  took  nine  ships,  and  put  the 
^-  others  to  flight.  |And  the  heathen  men,  for  the  first  time, 
took  up  their  quarters  over  winter  in  Thanet.  And  in  the 
122,  123.  same  year  came  three  hundred  and  fifty  ships  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Thames,  and  landed,  and  took  Canterbury  and  London 
by  storm,  and  put  to  flight  Beorhtwulf,  king  of  the  Mercians, 
with  his  army,  and  then  went  south,  over  the  Thames  into 
Surrey,  and  there  king  JEthelwulf  and  his  son  ^Ethelbald, 
with  the  army  of  the  West  Saxons,  fought  against  them  at 
Aclea  (Ockley),  and  there  made  the  greatest  slaughter  among 
the  heathen  army  that  we  have  heard  tell  of  until  this  present 
day,  and  there  gained  the  victory.'J 


1  An.  DCCC.LII.  At  this  time  Ceolred,  abbot  of  Medesham- 
stede,  and  the  monks  let  to  Wulfred  the  land  at  Sempring- 
ham,  on  the  condition,  that  after  his  day  the  land  should 
revert  to  the  monastery  ;  and  that  Wulfred  should  give 
the  land  at  Sleaford  to  Medeshamstede,  and  that  he  should 
give  every  year  ip  the  monastery  sixty  fothers  of  wood,  and 
twelve  fothers  of  pit  coal,  and  six  fothers  of  faggots,  and 
two  tuns  full  of  bright  ale,  and  two  neats  for  the  slaughter, 
and  six  hundred  loaves,  and  ten  measures  (mittan)  of  Welsh 
ale  ;  and  every  year  a  horse,  and  thirty  shillings ;  and  for  one 
night  give  entertainment.  Here,  were  present,  the  king 
*  of  Canterbury.  Burhred,  and  Ceolred  *(r.  Ceolnoth)  archbishop,  and  tTun- 
birht  bishop,  and  *  Cenred  bishop,  and  f  Alhhun  bishop,  and 
*  Berhtred  bishop,  and  Wihtred  abbot,  and  Werhtherd  abbot, 
JEthelheard  aldorman,  Hunberht  aldorman,  and  many  others.a  * 

2  See  a  more  complete  copy  in  Cod.  Diplom.  n.  p.  46. 
E. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  57 

All.  DCCC.LI1. 

Aii.  DCCC.LIII.  (DCGC.LIV.)  In  this  year  Burhred,  king  of 
the  Mercians,  and  his  '  witan,'  prayed  king  -ZEthelwulf  that  he 
would  aid  him,  that  he  might  reduce  the  North  Welsh  to 
obedience.  He  then  did  so,  and  went  with  an  army  over 
Mercia  against  the  North  Welsh,  and  made  them  all  obedient 
to  him.  And  in  the  same  year  king  JEthelwulf  sent  his  son 
^Elfred  to  Rome.  Then  at  that  time,  the  lord  Leo  was  pope  124,  125. 
of  Rome  ;  and  he  hallowed  him  king,  and  took  him  for  his 
episcopal  son.  Then,  in  the  same  year,  Ealhhere  with  the 
Kentish  men,  and  Huda  with  those  of  Surrey,  fought  in  Thanet 
against  a  heathen  army,  and  at  first  gained  the  victory,  and 
there  was  many  a  man  slain  and  drowned  on  each  side  ;  and 
both  aldormen  fell.  And  the  Easter  after  this,  king  JEthel- 
wulf  gave  his  daughter  to  king  Burhred,  from  the  West 
Saxons  to  the  Mercians. 
An.  DCCC.LIV.  (DCCC.LV.)  . 

3fc  An.  DCCC.LV.  (DCCC.LVi.)jIn  this  year  heathen  men  first 
took  up  their  quarters  over  winter  in  Shepey.  2  And  in  the 
same  year  king  JEthelwulf  chartered  the  tenth  part  of  his  land 
over  all  his  kingdom,  for  the  glory  of  God  and  his  own  eternal 
salvation  :  and  in  the  same  year  went  to  Rome  with  great 
pomp,  and  dwelt  there  twelve  months,  and  then  returned 
home  ;*  and  *  Charles,  king  of  the  Franks,  then  gave  him  his  *  the  Bald, 
daughter  for  queen  ;  and  after  that  he  came  to  his  people,  and 
they  were  rejoiced  thereat ;  and  two  years  after  he  came  from  126,  127. 
France,  he  died,  and  his  body  lies  at  Winchester,  and  he 
reigned  eighteen  years  and  a  half.  And  ^Ithelwulf  was  son 
of  Ecgbryht,  Ecgbryht  of  Ealhmund,  Ealhmund  of  Eafa,  Eafa 

r 


1  An.  DCCC.LV.  — and  when  he  was  homewards,  he  obtained 
the  daughter  of  Charles,  king  of  the  Franks;  she  was  called 
Judith,  and  he  came  home  safe  ;  and  then  after  two  years 
he  died,  and  his  body  lies  at  Winchester;  and  he  reigned 
eighteen  years  and  a  half ;  and  he  was  son  of  Ecgbryht. 
And  then  his  two  sons  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  JEthelbald 


2  For  this  grant  of  -ZEthelwulf's,   I  sion,  see  Asser,  A.  855,  and  Cod. 
which  has  caused  so  much  discus-  |  Diplom.  n.  pp.  50,  56,  57. 


58  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

of  Eoppa,  Eoppa  of  Ingild  ;  Ingild  was  brother  of  Ine,  king 
of  the  West  Saxons,  who  held  the  kingdom  thirty-seven 
winters,  and  afterwards  went  to  St.  Peter's,  and  there  gave 
up  his  life.  And  they  were  sons  of  Cenred,  Cenred  of  Ceol- 
wald,  Ceolwald  of  Cutha,  Cutha  of  Cuthwine,  Cuthwine  of 
Ceawlin,  Ceawlin  of  Cynric,  Cynric  of  Cerdic,  Cerdic  of  Elesa, 
Elesa  of  Esla,  Esla  of  Giwis,  Giwis  of  Wig,  Wig  of  Freawine, 
Freawine  of  Frithogar,  Frithogar  of  Brond,  Brond  of  Baeldaeg, 
Bseldaeg  of  Woden,  Woden  of  Frithowald,  Frithowald  of  Frealaf, 
Frealaf  of  Frithuwulf,  Frithuwulf  cf  Finn,  Finn  of  Godwulf. 

128,  129.  Godwulf  of  Geat,  Geat  of  Ttetwa,  Taetwa  of  Beaw,  Beaw  of 
Sceldwa,  Sceldwa  of  Heremod,  Heremod  of  Iteration,  Itermon 
[of  Hathra,  Hathra  of  Hwala,  Hwala  of  Bedwig,  Bedwig  of 
Sceaf,  that  is,  the  son  of  Noah]  ;  he  was  born  in  Noah's  ark  ; 
Lamech,  Mathusalem,  Enoch,  Jared,  Malalahel,  Cainan,  Enos, 
Seth,  Adam,  the  first  man  and  our  father,  that  is,  Christ. 
Jk  Amenjj  And  then  JEthelwulf's  two  sons  succeeded  to  the 
kingcrom  ;  JEthelbald  to  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons,  and 
jEthelbryht  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Kentish  people,  and  to  the 
kingdom  of  the  East  Saxons,  and  to  Surrey,  and  to  the  king- 
dom of  the  South  Saxons.  And  then  ^Ethelbald  reigned  five 
r.  fourth.  years.  JElfred,  his  "third  son,  he  had  sent  to  Rome;  and  when 
pope  Leo  heard  say  that  he  (^Ethelwulf )  was  dead,  he  blessed 
JElfred  as  king,  and*  held  him  to  episcopal  hands,  as  his  father 
.^Ethelwulf,  in  sending  him  thither,  had  requested. 
An.  DCCC.LVI. — DCCC.LIX. 

An.  DCCC.LX.  (DCCC.LXI.)  In  this  year  king  JEthelbald  died, 
and  his  body  lies  at  Sherborne  ;  and  JEthelbryht  succeeded  to 
all  the  kingdom  of  his  brother  ;  and  he  held  it  in  good  har- 
mony, and  in  great  tranquillity.  And  in  his  day  there  came 
a  great  naval  force  to  land,  and  took  Winchester  by  storm. 

130,  131.       And  the  aldorman    Osric  with  the  Hampshire  men,  and  the 
aldorman  .ZEthelwulf  with  those  of  Berkshire,  fought  against 


to  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  JEthelbyrht  to 
the  kingdom  of  the  Kentish  people,  and  of  the  East  Saxons, 
and  of  Surrey,  and  of  the  South  Saxons,  and  he  reigned  five 
years.  a 

a  D.  E.  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  59 

the  army,  and  put  them  to  flight,  and  held  possession  of  the 
battle  place.  And  jEthelbryht  reigned  five  years,  and  his 
body  lies  at  Sherborne. 

An.  DCCC.LXI.  In  this  year  died  St.  Swithin  *  bishop.  "ofWiutou. 

An.  DCCC.LXII. DCCC.LXI V. 

An.  DCCC.LXV.  (DCCC.LXVI.)  In  this  year  a  heathen  army 
took  up  their  quarters  in  Thanet,  and  made  peace  with  the 
people  of  Kent,  and  the  people  of  Kent  promised  them  money 
for  the  peace  ;  and  during  the  peace  and  the  promise  of 
money,  the  army  stole  itself  away  by  night,  and  ravaged  all 
Kent  eastward. 

:  An.  DCCOLXVI.  (DCCC.LXVII.)  In  this  year  JEtkered 
(JEthelred),  ^thelbryht's  brother,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom 

f\Jj       of  the  West  Saxons.     And  in  the   same  year   came   a   great 
heathen  army  to  the  land  of  the  Angle  race,  and  took  winter- 
quarters  among  the  East  Angles,  and  were  there  horsed  ;  and 
.  they  (the  East  Angles)'  made  peace  with  them, 
^/r     An.  DCCC.LXVII.  (DCCC.LXVI n.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 

*  i  *")     from  the  East  Angles,  over  the  mouth  of  the  Humber,  to  York 

in  Northumbria  :  and  there  was  great  dissension  of  the  people  132,  133. 
betwixt  themselves  ;  and  they  had  cast  out  their  king, 
Osbryht,  and  received  a  king,  ^lla,  not  of  royal  blood  ;  and 
late  in  the  year,  they  came  to  the  resolution  tkat  they  would 
fight  against  the  army  ;  and  yet  they  gathered  a  large  force, 
and  sought  the  army  at  York,  and  stormed  the  city,  and  some 
got  within,  and  there  was  an  immense  slaughter  made  of  the 
Northumbrians,  some  within,  some  without ;  and  both  kings 
were  slain  ;  and  the  remainder  made  peace  with  the  army! 
And  in  the  same  year  bishop  Ealhstau  died ;  and  he  had  the 
bishopric  of  Sherborne  fifty  winters  ;  and  his  body  lies  there 
in  the  town. 

An.  DCCC.LXVIII.  (DCCC.LXIX.)  In  this  year  the  same  army 
went  into  Mercia  to  Nottingham,  and  there  took  up  winter- 
quarters.  And  Burhred,  king  of  the  Mercians,  and  his  '  witan  ' 
prayed  ^Ethered,  king  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  jElfred  his 
brother,  that  they  would  aid  them,  tkat  tkey  might  fight  134, 135. 
against  the  army.  And  they  then  went,  with  a  force  of  West 
Saxons,  into  Mercia  as  far  as  Nottingham,  and  there  found 
the  army  in  the  works,  and  there  besieged  them.  But  there 
was  no  hard  battle  there  ;  and  the  Mercians  made  peace  with 
the  army. 


60 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 


An.  DCCC.LXIX.  (JJCCC.LXX.)  Iii  this  year  the  tinny  went 
again  to  York,  and  sat  there  one  year. 

An.  DCCC.LXX.  (DCCC.LXXI.)  In  this  year  the  army  rode  over 
Mercia  into  East  Anglia,  and  took  winter-quarters  at  Thet- 
ford  ;  and  in  that  winter  king  Eadmund  fought  against  them, 
and  the  Danes  gained  the  victory,  and  slew  the  king,  and 
subdued  all  that  land,  and  destroyed  all  the  monasteries  which 
they  came  to.  The  names  of  the  chiefs  who  slew  the  king 
were  l  Ingvar  and  Ubba.  At  that  same  time  they  came  to 
Medeshamstede,  burned  and  broke,  slew  the  abbot  and  the 
137.  monks,  and  all  that  they  found  there  ;  then  made  that  which 

was  ere  full  rich,  that  it  was  reduced  to  nothing.  And  in 
*  of  Canterbury,  the  same  year  died  *  archbishop  Ceolnoth  at  Rome.2  And 
3JEthered,  bishop  of  Wiltshire,  was  chosen  archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 


2  Then  went  king  ^Ethered  and  JElfred  his  brother,  and  took 
3/Ethelred,  bishop  of  Wiltshire,  and  appointed  him  archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  because  he  had  formerly  been  a  monk  of  the 
same  monastery  at  Canterbury.  As  soon  as  he  came  to  Can- 
terbury, and  he  was  firmly  settled  in  his  archiepiscopal  chair, 
he  thought  how  he  might  drive  out  the  clerks  who  were 
therein,  whom  the  archbishop  Ceolnoth  had  before  placed 
there,  for  such  need  .  .  .  .  as  we  shall  relate.  The  first 
year  that  he  was  appointed  archbishop  there  was  so  great  a 
mortality,  that  of  all  the  monks  that  he  found  there  within, 
no  more  than  five  monks  remained.  Then  for  the  .... 
.  .  he  commanded  his  private  priests,  and  also  some  of  his 
vill-priests,  that  they  should  help  the  few  monks  who  re- 
mained to  do  Christ's  service,  because  he  could  not  so  readily 
find  monks  who  might  by  themselves  do  the  service  ;  and  for 
this  he  commanded  that  the  priests  the  while,  until  God 
should  give  peace  in  the  land,  should  help  the  monks.  At 
the  same  time  this  land  was  greatly  harassed  by  frequent 
conflicts,  and  on  that  account  the  archbishop  could  not  attend 


1  They  were  the  sons  of  Ragnar 
Lodbrok,  by  a  concubine.  By  the 
Danish  -writers  Ingvar  is  usually 
called  Ivar. 


3  Or  Ethered.  Of  the  Wiltshire 
see  nothing  occurs  elsewhere  before 
the  beginning  of  the  following  cen- 
tury.—R.  P. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  .  "J\      61 


n.  DCCC.LXXI.  (DCCC.LXXTI.)  (In  this  year  the-  -army  came  rsiso. 
to  Reading  in  Wessex,  and  three  nights  after,  two  jarls  rode 
up,  when  the  aldorman  JEthelwulf  met  them  at  Inglefielcl,  and 
there  fought  against  them,  and  gained  the  victory,  and  orrenrf 
them  was  there  slain,  whose  name  was^SMl*oc.  Four  nights 
after  this  king  ^Ethered  and  JElfred  his  brother  led  a  large  force 
to  Reading,  and  fought  against  the  army,  ..and  there  was  great 
slaughter  made  on  each  side  ;  and  the  aldorman  JEthelwulf 
was  slain,  and  the  Danes  held  possession  of  the  battle  place. 
And  four  nights  after,  king  JEthered  and  JElfred  his  brother 
fought  with  all  the  army  at  'Ashdown  ;  and  they  were  in  two  13S,  139. 
divisions  ;  in  one  were  Bagsecg  (Bagsceg)  and  Halfdan,  the 
heathen  kings,  and  in  the  other  were  tlie  jarls ;  and  then  king 
JEthered  fought  with  the  kings'  division,  and  there  was  the 
king  Bagsecg  slain  ;  and  JElfred  his  brother  fought  against 
v  the  jarls'  division,  and  there  were  the  elder  jarl  Sidroc  slain,  Q^^ 


to  this  object ;  for  all  that  time  there  was  strife  and  sorrow 
over  England  ;  and  therefore  the  clerks  remained  with  the 
monks.  Nor  was  there  ever  a  time  that  monks  were  not 
there  within,  and  they  ever  had  lordship  over  the  priests. 
Again  the  archbishop  Ceolnoth  thought,  and  also  said  to  those 
who  were  with  him  :  "  As  soon  as  God  shall  give  peace  in 
this  land,  either  these  priests  shall  be  monks,  or  .... 
elsc\vhere  I  will  place  within  the  monastery  as  many  monks 
as  may  do  the  service  '  by  themselves ;  for  God  knows  that 
I 


An.  DCCC.LXXI.  ' — and  the  Danes  were  overcome;  and  they 
had  two  heathen  kings,  Bagsecg  and  Halfdan,  and  many  jarls; 
and  there  was  the  king  Bagsecg  slain,  and  these  jarls,  Sidroc 
the  old,  and  also  Sidroc  the  young,  Asbiorn,  Frrena,  and 
Harald,  and  the  army  put  to  flight,  &c.a 


2  The  original  has  '  'Se,'  apparently  I       3  F.,  inserted  in  the  text.     For  the 
an  error  for  '  be  :'   see  above.  I  Latin,  see  vol.  I.  p.  136. 


F. 


62 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


;jK.and  the  younger  jarl   Sidroc,  and  Asbiorn  jarl,  and  Frrcna 

jarl,   and  Harald  jarl,  and  both  divisions  put  to  flight,  and 

many  thousands   slain  ;  and  they  were  fighting  until  night. 

And  fourteen  nights   after,   king   JEthered  and  -ZElfred  his 

brother  fought  against  the  army   at  Basing,   and   there   the 

Danes   gained  the   victory.      And   two   months   after,    king 

^Ethered  and  ^Elfred  his  brother  fought  against  the  army  at 

140,  Hi.       Merton  ;  and  they  were  in  two  divisions,  and  they  put  both 

to  flight,  and  far  in  the  flay  were  victorious  ;  and  there  was 

great  slaughter  on  each  side,  Wt  fliA  Dn.npa  T^ld  pnaapaairm 

!  of  Sherborne.     of  the  l^>+ln  pi  inn  ;  and  there  "wire  *  bishop  Heahmund  slain, 

and  many  good  men.     And  after  this  fight  there  came  a  great 

1  summer-force   to    Reading.      And   the   Easter    after,    king 

JEthered  died  ;  and  he  reigned  five  years,  and  his  body  lies 

Sherborne,  c.    in  *Wimborne  monastery. 

Then  ^Elfred,  son   of  ^Ethelwulf,  his  brother,  succeeded  to. 

,  the  kingdom  of  the  West  Saxons  ;  and  one  month  after,  king 

JElfred,  with   a  small  force,  fought  against  all  the   army  at 

Wilton,  and  far  in  the  day  put  them  to  flight  ;  bjit_tLi£i_Danes 

V>o.1fl  possession  of  fhp.  ha.tt.lp  pln^p.  v^And  this  year  nine  great 

battles  were  fought  against  the  army  in  the  kingdom  south  of 

the  Thames  ;  besides  which,  Alfred,  the  king's  brother,  and 

individual  aldormen,  and  king's  thanes,   often  rode  raids  on 

142,  143.       them,  which  were  not  reckoned.     And  within  the  year  nine 

jarls  and  one  king  were  slain  ;  and  that  year  the  West  Saxons 

^  made  peace  with  the  army/j 

^  An.  DCCC.LXXII.  (DCCC.LXXIII.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
from  Reading  to  London,  and  there  took  winter-quarters ; 
and  then  the  Mercians  made  peace  with  the  army. 

An.  DCCC.LXXIII.  (DCCC.LXXIV.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
into  Northumbria,  and  took  winter- quarters  at  Torksey  in 
Lindsey  ;  2  and  then  the  Mercians  made  peace  with  the  army.' 
An.  DCCC.LXXIV.  (DCCC.LXXV.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
from  Lindsey  to  Repton,  and  there  took  winter-quarters,  and 
drove  the  king  Burhred  over  sea,  two  and  twenty  winters  after 


1  This  compound  word  has  under- 
gone divers  interpretations.  JEthel- 
weard  (p.  514)  has,  I  think,  given 
the  true  sense  of  the  passage  :  "  ad- 


"  venit  sine  numero  sestivus  exerci- 
"  tus  in  loco  Readingon." 

2  Omitted  in  D.  and  E.,  perhaps 
rightly,  being  apparently  a  repeti- 
tion from  the  preceding  year. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


63 


he  had  obtained  the  kingdom,  and  they  subdued  all  the  land  ; 
and  he  went  to  Rome,  and  there  settled,  and  his  body  lies  in 
St.  Mary's  church,  in  the  school  of  the  Angle  race.  And  in 
the  same  year  they  gave  the  kingdom  of  Mercia  to  the  custody 
of  Ceolwulf,  an  unwise  king's  thane  ;  and  he  swore  oaths  to 
them,  and  gave  hostages,  that  it  should  be  ready  for  them, 
on  whatever  day  they  would  have  it  ;  and  that  he  would  be 
ready  in  his  own  person,  and  with  all  who  would  follow  him, 
for  the  behoof  of  the  army. 

An.  DCCC.LXXV.  (DCCC.LXXVI.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
from  Repton  ;  and  Halfdan  went  with  a  part  of  the  army  into 
Northumbria,  and  took  winter-quarters  by  the  river  Tyne  ; 
aud  the  army  subdued  the  laud,  and  often  harried  on  the 
Picts  and  on  the  Strathclyde  Welsh  ;  and  the  three  kings, 
Guthorm,  and  Oskytel,  and  Amund,  went  from  Repton  to 
Cambridge  with  a  large  army,  and  sat  there  one  year.  And 
in  the  summer,  king  Alfred  went  out  to  sea  with  a  naval 
force,  and  fought  against  the  crews  of  seven  ships,  and  took 
one  of  them,  and  put  to  flight  the  others. 

An.  DCCC.LXXVI.  (DCGC^xxyii.\^i^^^  veai*  the  army 
stole  away  to  Wareham.^rortr^y  yf  LETT  Wks/  Saxons  ;  and 
after  that  the  king  made  peace  with  the  army  ;  and  they  gave 
to  the  king  as  hostages  those  who  were  most  honourable  in 
the  army,  and  they  then  swore  oaths  to  him  on  the  l  holy 
f,  which  they  before  would  not  do  to  any  nation,  that  they 


1  The  <  beag '  or  bracelet  appears 
to  have  been  of  a  somewhat  oval 
form,  and  open  on  one  side ;  but  it 
also  signifies  a  ring.  The  ceremony 
here  noticed  may  perhaps  be  eluci- 
dated by  the  following  passage  from 
Arngrim  Jonas  :  "  In  ara  prseterea 
"  annulus  asservabatur  argenteus, 
"  vel  ex  orichalco,  unciarum  xx., 
"  quern  forensi  aliquo  munere  fun- 
"  gente s,  j usj  urandum  j  am  prse stitur i , 
"  victimarum  illinitum  cruore,  re- 
"  ligiose  inter  jurandum  contrecta- 
"  bant."  Rer.  Islandic.  i.  7  ;  and 
see  Bartholinus  de  Armillis,  p.  101. 
Compare  Asser,  A.  876. — R.P. 

Of  the  solemn  oath  on  the  arm- 


let or  bracelet,  we  find  mention  in 

Saemund's   Edda,  (see   edit.   Arnse 

Magn.  in.  p.  116,  and  n.  p.  395): — 

Baug-eiS  O'Sinn  hyggek  at  unnit 

hafi. 

Annulare  juramentum  Othinum 
opinor  prcestitisse. 

Havamal,  Str.  111. 
Ok  at  hringi  Ullar. 
Et  per  Ulleri  annulum. 

Atlaquifta  in  Graenl.  Str.  31. 
On  which  the  editor  remarks: 
"  Gentiles  nostri  proavi  praestitere 
"  juramenta  ad  sacrum  quendam  an- 
"  nulum,  in  templo  servatum,  ac 
"  interdum,  quasi  armillam,  a  sacer- 
"  dote  gestatum." 


144,  145. 


G\f  THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

would  speedily  depart  from  his  kingdom ;  find  notwithstand- 
ing this,  the  mounted  body  stole  away  from  the  army  by  night 
to  Exeter.  And  in  that  year  Hfilfdan  divided  the  North- 
<  "^.i^^pd*^*  umbrians'  lands,  'and  from  that  time  were  ploughing  and 
tilling  them.  In  this  year  Rolf  (Hollo)  overran  Normandy 

ig  army>  and  he  reigned  fifty  winters. 

An.  DCCC.LXXVII.  (DCCC.LXXVIII).  In  this  year  the  army 
came  to  Exeter  from  Wareham  ;  and  the  naval  force  sailed 
west  about ;  and  then  a  great  storm  met  them  at  sea,  and 
14G,  147.  there  perished  a  hundred  and  twenty  ships  at  Swanwick. 
And  king  JElfred  with  his  force  rode  after  the  mounted  army 
as  far  as  Exeter,  but  could  not  overtake  them  before  they 
were  in  the  fastness,  where  they  could  not  be  come  at.  And 
they  there  gave  him  as  many  hostages  as  he  would  have,  and 
swore  great  oaths,  and  then  held  good  peace.  And  then,  in 
the  autumn,  the  army  went  into  the  Mercians'  land,  and 
divided  some  of  it,  and  gave  some  to  Ceolwulf. 
I'  An.  DCCC.LXXVIII.  (DCCC.LXXIX.)  In  this  year,  at  Mid- 
winter, after  Twelfth  night,  the  army  stole  itself  away  to 
Chippenham,  and  harried  the  West  Saxons'  land,  and  settled 
there,  and  drove  many  of  the  people  over  sea,  and  of  the 
remainder  the  greater  portion  they  harried,  and  the  people 
submitted  to  them,  save  the  king  Alfred,  and  he, 
band,  withdrew  to  the  woods  and  moor-fastnesses.*  And  in  the 
same  winter  the  brother  of  Ingvar  and  Halfdan  was  in  Wessex, 
in  Devonshire,  with  twenty-three  ships,  and  he  was  there 
slain,  and  with  him  eight  hundred  and  forty  men  of  his  force. 
L  And  there  was  the  standard  taken  which  they  call  the  Raven.*) 
And  the  Easter  afteiyJElfred,  with  a  little  band,  wrought  a 
* 'fortress  at  .^Ethelney,  and  from  that  work  warred  on  the  army, 


1  An.  DCCC.LXXVI.  And  in  this  same  year  the  army  of  the 
Danes  in  England  swore  oaths  to  king  -ZElfred  upon  the  holy 
ring,  which  before  they  would  not  do  to  any  nation,  and  also 
gave  to  the  king  as  hostages  those  who  were  most  honourable 
in  the  army,  that  they  would  speedily  depart  from  his  king- 
dom ;  and  that  by  night  they  brake.a 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  65 

/'with  that  portion  of  the  men  of  Somerset  that  was  nearest.  148,  149. 
Then  in  the  seventh  week  after  Easter  he  rode  to  Ecgbryht's 
stone,  on  the  east  of  jjelwood,  ana  there  came  to  meet  him  all 
the  Somersetshire  men,  and  the  Wiltshire  men,  and  that  part 
of  Hampshire  '  which  remained  of  it  on  this  side  of  the  sea  ; 
and  they  were  rejoiced  on  seeing  him ;  and  one  night  after,  he 
went  from  the  camp  to  Iley^  and  one  night  after  that  to 
Ethandun  (Heddington  ?),  and  there  fought  against  all  the 
army,  and  put  it  to  flight,  and  rode  after  it,  as  far  as  the 
works,  and  there  sat  fourteen  nights.  And  then  the  army 
gave  him  hostages  with  great  oaths,  that  they  would  depart 
from  his  kingdom  ;  and  also  promised  him  that  their  king 
would  receive  baptism  ;  and  that  they  so  fulfilled  ;  and  three 
weeks  after,  king  Guthorm  came  to  him,  with  thirty  of  the 
men  who  were  most  honourable  in  the  army,  at  Aller,  which 
is  opposite  to  Athelney;  and  the  king  received  him  there  at 
baptism  ;  and  his  "  chrism-loosing  was  at  Wedmore  ;  and  he 
was  twelve  nights  with  the  king  ;  and  he  largely  gifted  him 
and  his  companions  with  money. 

An.  DCCC.LXXIX.  (DCCC.LXXX.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
to  Cirencester  from  Chippenham,  and  sat  there  one  year.  And 
in  that  year  a  body  of  3vikings  assembled,  and  sat  down  at 
Fulham  on  the  Thames.  And  that  same  year  the  4  sun  was 
eclipsed  one  hour  of  the  day. 

An.  DCCC.LXXX.  (DCCC.LXXXI.)  In  this  year  the  army  went 
from  Cirencester  to  East  Anglia,  and  occupied  and  divided  the 
laud.  And  in  the  same  year  the  army,  which  had  before  sat 
down  at  Fulham,  went  over  sea  to  Ghent  in  France,  and  sat 
there  one  year. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXI.  (DCCC.LXXXII.)  In  this  year  the  army 
went  up  into  France,  and  the  French  fought  against  them  ; 
and  there  was  the  army  horsed,  after  the  fight. 


1  Those  that  had  not  emigrated  be- 
yond sea,  see  above  :  "  qui  non  ultra 
"  mare  pro  metu  navigaverant  pa- 
"  ganorum."     Elor.  Wigorn. 

2  Apparently  the  removal  of  the 
fillet  which,  covering  the  chrism  on 
the  forehead,  was  bound  round  the 
head  at  confirmation. — It.P. 

VOL.  II. 


3  So  called  from  their  custom  of 
lurking  in  creeks,  O.  Nor.  vik. 

4  The   eclipse   happened  on   the 
1 4th  of  March  880.— R.P.    "  Eodem 
"  anno  eclipsis  solis  inter  nonam  et 
"  vesperam,  sed  propius  ad  nonam, 
"  facta  est."   Flor.  Wigorn.   a.  879. 


GG 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


An.  DCCC.LXXXII.  (DCCC.LXXXIII.)  In  this  year  the  army 
went  up  along  the  Maese  far  into  France,  and  there  sat  one 
year.  And  that  same  year  king  JElfred  went  out  to  sea  with 
ships,  and  fought  against  four  ship-crews  of  Danish  men,  and 
took  two  of  the  ships,  and  the  men  were  slain  that  were 
therein ;  and  two.  ship- crews  surrendered  to  him  ;  and  they 
were  sorely  fatigued  and  wounded  before  they  surrendered. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXIII.  (DCCC.LXXXIV.)  In  this  year  the  army 
went  up  the  Scheldt  to  Conde,  and  there  sat  one  year.  And 
Marmus  the  pope  then  sent  'lignum  Domini'  (of  Christ's 
152,  153.  cross)  to  king  Alfred.  And  in  the  same  year  Sighclm  and 
JEthelstan  conveyed  to  Rome  the  alms  which  the  king  had 
vowed  (to  send)  thither,  and  also  to  India  to  St.  Thomas,  and 
to  St.  Bartholomew,  when  they  sat  down  against  the  army  at 
London  ;  and  there,  God  be  thanked,  their  prayer  was  very 
successful,  after  that  vow. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXIV.  (DCCC.LXXXV.)  In  this  year  the  army 
went  up  the  Somme  to  Amiens,  and  there  sat  one  year.  *  In 
of  Winton.  this  year  died  the  benevolent  "bishop  JEthelwold. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXV.  (DCCC.LXXXVI.)  In  this  year  the  fore-men- 
tioned army  separated  into  two  ;  one  part  (went)  east,  the  other 
part  to  Rochester,  and  besieged  the  city,  and  wrought  another 
fastness  about  themselves  ;  but  they,  nevertheless,  defended 
the  city  until  king  uElfred  came  without  with  his  force.  Then 
the  army  went  to  their  ships,  and  abandoned  the  fastness ;  and 
they  were  there  Meprived  of  their  horses,  and  forthwith,  in  the 
same  summer,  withdrew  over  sea.  And  the  same  year  king 
Alfred  sent  a  naval  force  from  Kent  to  East  Anglia.  As  soon 
as  they  came  to  the  mouth  of  the  Stour,  then  met  them  sixteen 
ships  of  vikings,  and  they  fought  against  them,  and  captured 
all  the  ships,  and  slew  the  men.  When  they  were  returning 
154,  155.  homeward  with  the  booty,  a  great  naval  force  of  vikings  met 
them,  and  then  fought  against  them  on  the  same  day,  and  the 
Danish  gained  the  victory.  In  the  same  year,  before  mid- 
winter, Carloman,  king  of  the  Franks,  died,  and  a  wild  boar 
killed  him;  and  one  year  before  his  brother  died:  he  also  had 


1  A    clerical    error  ;    JEthelwold 
died  in  984.     See  that  year. 

2  "  Omnibus  equis,  quos  de  Fran- 


"  cia  adduxerant,  derelictis.' 
Wigorn. 


Flor. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


.. 


the  western  kingdom  ;  and  they  were  both  sons  of  Lewis,  who 
also  had  the  western  kingdom,  and  died  in  the  year  when  the 
sun  was  eclipsed,  who  was  son  of  *Charles,  whose  daughter  *  tie  Bald. 
JEthelwulf,  king  of  the  West  Saxons,  had  for  his  queen.  And 
in  the  same  year  a  large  naval  force  assembled  among  the 
Old- Saxons  ;  and  there  was  a  great  fight  twice  in  that  year, 
and  the  Saxons  had  the  victory  ;  and  there  were  Frisians  with 
them.  In  the  same  year  "Charles  succeeded  to  the  western  *  the  Fat. 
kingdom,  and  to  all  the  kingdom  on  this  side  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean sea,  and  beyond  this  sea,  as  his  great-grandfather  had 
it,  excepting  the  'Lidwiccas.  Charles  was  son  of  Lewis, 
Lewis  was  brother  of  Charles,  who  was  father  of  Judith,  whom 
king  jJEthelwulf  had  ;  and  they  were  sons  of  Lewis  ;  Lewis 
was  son  of  the  old  Charles,  Charles  was  son  of  Pepin.  And 
in  the  same  year  the  good  pope  Marinus  died,  who  freed  the 
Angle  race's  school,  at  the  prayer  of  jElfred,  king  of  the  West  156,  15' 
Saxons  :  and  he  sent  him  great  gifts,  and  part  of  the  rood  on 
which  Christ  suffered.  And  in  the  same  year  the  army  in 
East  Anglia  brake  peace  with  king  JElfred. 

'  An.  DCCC.LXXXVI.  (DCCC.LXXXVII.)  In  this  year  2the  army  <fl 
again  went  west,  which  had  before  landed  in  the  east,  and  then 
up  the  Seine,  and  there  took  winter-quarterafat  the  city  of  Paris. 
In  the  same  year  king  JElfred  3  restored  London  ;  and  all  the 
Angle-race  turned  to  him  that  were  not  in  the  bondage  of  the 
Danish  men;  and  he  then  committed  the  burgh  to  the  keeping 
of  the  aldorman  ^Ethered. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXVII.  (DCCC.LXXXVIII.)  In  this  year  the  army 
went  up  through  the  bridge  at  Paris;  and  then  up  along  the 
Seine  as  far  as  the  Marne,  and  then  up  on  the  Marne  as  far  as 


1  Of  this  word  various  etymons 
have  been  suggested.  The  words 
butan  Lidwiccum  are  rendered 
by  Florence  "  absque  Armoricano 
"  regno  ;"  and  siV$an  of  Lidwiccuin 
(a.  918),  "  de  provincia  quse  Lid- 
"  wiccum  dicitur."  I  am  inclined  to 
derive  it  from  Llydaw,  the  British 
name  of  Brittany ;  though  it  may, 
after  all,  be  Norse,  and  composed  of 
lid,  a  ship,  and  vik,  a  creek,  firth, 


(see  a.  879,  note)',  in  which  case 
Lidwic  would  signify  the  habita- 
tion, and  Lidwicing  (as  in  MSS. 
C.  and  D.),  the  inhabitant. 

2  "  Oriental!    Francia    derelicta, 
"  iterum  in  Occidentalium  Franco- 
"  rum  regionem  venit."     Flor.  Wi- 
gorn.  exAssero. 

3  Sax.  gesette,  "  honorifice  restau- 
"  ravit  et  habitabilem  fecit."  Ibid. 

E  2 


\ 


68 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  the  Fat. 


4 

V 

«. 


158,  159. 


ICO,  161. 


Chezy,  and  then  sat  there,  and  in  the  '  Yonnc,  two  winters  in 
the  two  places.  And  in  the  same  year  'Charles,  king  of  the 
Franks  died;  and  six  weeks  before  he  died  Arnulf,  his  brother's 
son,  bereft  him  of  the  kingdom.  And  then  was  the  realm 
divided  into  five;  and  five  kings  thereto  hallowed  ;  that  was 
however,  with  the  consent  of  Arnulf ;  and  they  said  that  they 
would  hold  it  from  his  hand,  because  none  of  them  on  the 
paternal  side  was  born  thereto,  save  him  alone.  Arnulf  then 
dwelt  in  the  land  east  of  the  Rhine,  and  Rodolf  then  obtained 
the  middle  kingdom,  and  Eudes  the  western  portion,  and 
Berenger  and  Wido  the  Lombards'  land  and  the  lands  on  that 
side  of  the  mountain  ;  and  they  held  that  in  great  hostility, 
and  fought  two  great  battles,  and  oft  and  frequently  ravaged 
the  land,  and  repeatedly  drove  out  each  other.  And  the  same 
year  that  the  army  went  forth  up  over  the  bridge  at  Paris  the 
aldorman  JEthelhelm  conveyed  the  alms  of  the  West  Saxons 
and  of  king  Alfred  to  Rome. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXVIII.  (DCCC.LXXXIX.)  In  this  year  the  aldor- 
man Becca  conveyed  the  alms  of  the  West  Saxons  and  of  kim>; 
JEJfred  to  Rome.  And  queen  JEthelswith,  who  was  king 
JElfred's  sister,  died  on  the  way  to  Rome,  and  her  body  lies 
at  Pavia.  And  in  the  same  year  archbishop  ^Ethelred  of  Can- 
terbury and  the  aldorman  JEthelwold  died  in  one  month. 

An.  DCCC.LXXXIX.  (DCCC.XC.)  In  this  year  there  Avas  no 
journey  to  Rome,  except  that  king  jElfred  sent  two  couriers 
with  letters. 

An.  DCCC.XC.  (DCCC.XCI.)  In  this  year  the  abbot  Beornhelm 
conveyed  the  alms  of  the  West  Saxons  and  of  king  Alfred  to 
Rome.  And  Guthorm,  the  Northern  king,  died,  whose  baptis- 
mal name  was  JEthelstan ;  he  was  king  JElfred's  godson,  and 
he  abode  in  East  Anglia,  and  s  first  occupied  that  land.  And 
in  the  same  year  the  army  went  from  the  Seine  to  St.  L6, 
which  is  between  the  Bretons  and  the  Franks  ;  and  the  Bre- 
tons fought  against  them,  and  had  the  victory,  and  drove 
them  out  into  a  river,  and  drowned  many  of  them.  In  this 
year  Plegemund  was  chosen  of  God  and  of  all  the  people  to 
the  archbishopric  of  Canterbury. 


1  "  In  ostium  fluimnis  quod  dicitur 
"  lona."  Flor.  Wigorn. 

"  Provinciam  illam,  post  mar- 


"  tyrium  sancti  regis  Eadmundi, 
"  primitus  incoluit  et  possedit." 
Ibid. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  69 

|7^   An.  DCCC.XCI.  (DCCC.XCII.  )Jln  this  year  the  army  went  east. 

L  and  king  Arnulf,  with  the  East  Franks,  and  Saxons,  and  Bava- 
rians, fought  against  the  mounted  force  before  the  ships  came, 
and  put  it  to  flight.1  And  three  Scots  came  to  king  JElfred 
in  a  boat  without  any  oars,  from  Ireland,  whence^'  they  had 
stolen  away,  because  they  desired,  for  love  of  God,  to  be  in 
a  state  of  pilgrimage,  they  recked  not  where.  The  boat  in 
which  -they  came  was  wrought  of  two  hides  and  a  half,  and 
they  took  with  them  food  sufficient  for  seven  nights  ;  and  on 
the  seventh  night  they  came  to  land  in  Cornwall,  and  then 
\f  went  straightways  to  king  -ZElfred.  Thus  they  were  named  : 

Dubslane,  and  Maccbethu,  and  Maelinmum.       And  Swifneh,       i«2,  163.  . 
the  best  teacher  that  was  among  the  Scots,  died.  V 

An.  DCCC.XCII.  And  in  the  same  year  after  Easter,  about  the 
Rogations  (May  29th)  or  earlier,  appeared  the  star  which  in 
Book-Latin  is  called  cometa.  Some  men  say  in  English,  that 
it  is  a  long-haired  (feaxed)  star,  because  there  stands  a  long- 
ray  from  it,  sometimes  on  one  side,  sometimes  on  each  side.^  -  — 
|  An.  DCCC.XCIII.  (DCCC.XCII.  )jln  this  year  the  great  army,  of  p 

which  we  *long  before  spoke,  came  again  from  the  east  kingdom  *  An.  DCCC.XCI.  *L 
westward  to  Boulogne,  and  was  there  shipped,  so  that  they  in   Ctt^^^""! 
one  voyage  made  the  transit,  with  horses  and  all;  and  they  caine  Sf  .  / 

up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Limen  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  ships. 
The  mouth  is  in  the  east  of  Kent,  at  the  east  end  of  the  great 
wood  which  we  call  Andred.  The  wood  is  in  length,  from 
east  to  west,  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  long,  or  longer, 
and  thirty  miles  broad.  The  river,  of  which  we  before  spoke, 
flows  out  from  the  weald.  On  the  river  they  towed  up  their 
ships  as  far  as  the  weald,  four  miles  from  the  outward  mouth. 
and  there  stormed  a  woik  :  within  the  fastness  a  few  country-  164,  165. 
men  were  stationed,  and  it  was  only  half  constructed.  Then 
soon  after  that,  camo  Hsesten  with  eighty  ships  into  the 
Thames'  mouth,  and  wrought  him  a  work  at  Middleton  (Mil- 
ton), and  the  other  army  one  at  Appledore.J 
q  ^  ~~  An.  DCCC.XCIV.  In  this  year,  that  was  a  twelvemonth  after 

.They  had  wrought  a  work  in  the  *cast  kingdom,  Northumbria  *  at  Middleton. 


1  This  celebrated  battle  was  fought  j  the  invasions  of  the  Northmen.    Sea 
on  the  1st  Sept.  on  the  banks  of  the      Pepping,  "  Expeditions  Maritime.? 


Byle  near  Louvain  ;    it  freed  the 
interior  of  Germany  for  ever  from 


•  "  des  Normands,"  u.  p.  35,  and  the 
authorities  there  cited, 


y 


I 


70  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

and  East  Anglia  had  given  oaths  to  king  ^Elfred,  and  East 
Anglia  six  hostages  ;  and  yet  against  the  compact,  as  often  us 
the  other  armies  with  all  their  force  went  out,  then  they  went 
out,  either  with  them  or  on  their  side.  And  then  king  JElfred 
gathered  his  force,  and  went  until  lie  encamped  between  the 
two  armies,  the  nearest  where  he  had  room,  for  wood-fastness 
and  for  water-fastness,  so  that  he  might  reach  either,  l  if  they 
would  seek  any  field.  Then  after  that,  they  went  through  the 
weald  in  bands  and  troops,  on  whichever  side  was  then  with- 
out a  force.  And  they  also  were  sought  by  other  bands, 
almost  every  day,  or  by  night,  both  from  the  (king's)  force 
and  also  from  the  burghs.  The  king  had  divided  his  force  into 
two,  so  that  they  were  constantly  half  at  home,  half  abroad, 
besides  those  men  that  held  the  burghs.  The  whole  army  did 
166,  167.  not  come  out  of  their  quarters  oftener  than  twice,  one  time, 
when  they  first  came  to  land,  before  the  (king's)  force  was 
assembled  ;  the  other  time,  when  they  would  go  from  their 
quartersX/They  had  then  taken  a  great  booty,  and  would  con- 
vey it  northwards  over  the  Thames  into  Essex  towards  the 
ships.  The  (king's)  force  then  rode  before  them,  and  fought 
against  them  at  Farnham,  and  put  the  army  to  flight,  and 
rescued  the  booty  ;  and  they  fled  over  the  Thames  without 
*  Thorney.  any  ford ;  then  up  by  the  Colne  to  an  "Island.  The  (royal) 
army  then  beset  them  there  from  without,  for  the  longest  time 
that  they  had  provisions  ;  but  they  had  then  stayed  their 
appointed  time  and  consumed  their  provisions ;  and  the  king 
was  then  on  his  march  thitherwards  with  the  division  which 
was  advancing  with  himself.  Then  he  was  thitherward,  and 
the  other  force  was  homeward,  and  the  Danish  remained  there 
^  behind,  because  their  king  had  been  wounded  in  the  fight,  so 

\]f  that  he  could  not  be  conveyed./   Then  those  who  dwell  with 

the  Northumbrians  and  with  the  EastAn^les  gathered  &;ome/          \ 
hundred  ships,  and   went  south  about;  /^•nooesregeol  awtJrlr 
in  Devonshire  by  the  norin  sea1;   ami  those  who  went  south 
about  besieged  Exeter,  y  When  the  king  heard  that, 
west  towards  Exeter  with  all  the  force,  save  a  very 
*jP       body  of  the   people   eastwards.  J  These  went   on   until   they 
came  to  London, -and  then,  with  the  townsmen  and  with  the 


1  "  Si  aliquem  canipuui  preetlte  vel  preelii  causa  peterent."  Flor.  Wigorn. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  71 

aid  which  came  to  them  from  the  west,  marched  east  to  Ben- 

fleet.^  Hoesten  was  then  come  there  with  his  army,  which  had 

previously  sat  at  Middleton  (Milton)  ;    and   the  great  army 

also  was  come  thereto,  which  had  before  sat  at  the  mouth  of 

the  Limen,  at  Appledore*'  Hossten  had  before  wrought  the    . 

work  at  Benfleet,  and  was  then  gone  out  harrying,  and  the          168. 

great  army  was  at  home.     They  then  marched   up   and  put 

the  army  to  flight,  and  stormed  the  work,  t  and  took  all  that 

there  was  within,   as  well  "money,  as  women  and   children,  *  or  property. 

and  brought  all  to  London  ;  -and  ,all  the   ships   they  either 

broke  in  pieces,  or  burned,  or  brought  to  London,  or  to  Ro-          169. 

Chester  ;  and  Hresten's  wife  and  his  two  sons  were  brought 

to  the  king,  and  he  restored  them  to  him,  because  one  of  them 

was  his  godson,   the  other  the   aldorman  JEthered's.     They 

had  been  their  sponsors  before  Hasten  came  to  Benfleet,  and 

he  had  given  him  oaths  and  hostages  ;  and  the  king  had  also 

given  him  much  money,  and  so  likewise,  when  ^e  gave  up 

the  boy  and  the  woman.^But  as  soon  as  they  came  to  Ben-  *UA 

fleet,  and  had  wrought  the  work,  he  harried  on  that  end  of 

his  realm  which   JEthered   his^$6ssi£s  had   to    defend  ;    and 


again,  a  second  time,  he  had  arrived  on  a  plundering  expedi- 

tion on  that  same  kingdom,  when   his  work  was   taken  by       £  S 

storm.  \  When  the  king  turned  west  with  his  force  towards  7P 

Exeter,  as  1  before  said,  and  the  army;  had  beset  the  burgh, 

when  he  had  arrived  there,  they  went  to  their  ships,  j  While  t? 

he  was  busied  in  the  west  against  the  army  there,  and  both 

the  armies  had  formed  a  junction  at  Shoebury  in  Essexn#nd. 

there  wrought  a  work,  they  then  Went  both  together  up"  along 

the  Thames,  and  a  great  increase  came  to  them,  both  from 

the  East  Angles  and  the  Northumbrians.     They  then  went". 

up  along  the  Thamg£,  until  they  reached  the  Severn,  then  up. 

along  the    Severn.     Then   the    aldorman   JEthered,    and   the"" 

aldorman   ^Ethelm,    and   the    aldorman   ^Ethelnoth,    and   the 

king's  thanes,  who  were  then  at  home  in  the  works,  gathered 

together,  from  every  town  east  of  the  Parret,'as  well  west  as   - 

east  of  Selwood,  as  also  north  of  the  Thames  and  west  of  the    .      170, 

Severn,  and  also  some  part  of  the  North  Welsh  race.     When 

they  were  all  gathered  together,  they  followed  after  the  army  * 

to  Buttington  011  the  bank  of  the    Severff,  and  there  beset 

them  on  every  side  in  a  fastness.     When  they  had  sat  there 

many  weeks  on  the  two  sides  of  the  river,  and  the  king  was         171. 


72 


TEE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


west  in  Devon  a^  the  naval  force,  they  were  distressed 
for  want  of  food,  and  had  eaten  a  great  part  of  their-  horses, 
and  the  others  had  died  of  hunger  ;  tl^y  thon  went  out  to 
the  men  who  were  encamped  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
and  fought  against  them,  and  the  Christians  had  the  victory. 
And  there  was  Ordheh,  a  king's  thane,  slain,  and  also  many  ^  (^ 
other  king's  thanes  were  slain  ;  ^and  of  the  Danish  there  was 
a  very  grr^t  slaughter  made);  and  the  part  that  came  away 
\?  thence  was  saved  by  flight.  J  When  they  came  into  Essex  to 
their  work  and  to  their  ships,  the  remnant  gathered  again  a 
great  army  from  the  East  Angles  and  from  the  Northumbrians, 
before  winter,  and  committed  their  wives  and  their  ships  and 
their  chattels  to  the  East  Angles,  and  went  at  one  stretch,  by 
day  and  by  night,  until  they  arrived  at  a  Vlesolated  city  in 
Win-all,  which  is  called  Legaceaster  (Chester).  Then  could 
the  force  not  overtake  them  before  they  were  within  the 
work  ;  they  however  beset  the  work  from  without  for  two 
days,  and  took  all  the  cattle  which  was  there  without,  and 
slew  the  men  that  they  might  intercept  outside,  of  the  work, 
and  burned  all  the  corn,  and  with  their  horses  consumed  it  on 
every  2plain.  And  that  was  a  twelvemonth  after  they  had 
N  come  over  sea  hither.  J 

^  J[  An.  Dccc.xcv.fAnd  then  soon  after  that,  in  this  year,  the 
172,173.  army  went  from  Wirrall,  because  they  could  not  abide  there, 
into  North  Wales  ;  that  was  because  they  had  been  deprived 
both  of  the  cattle  and  of  the  corn  which  they  had  obtained  by 
plunder.  When  they  had  again  wended  out  of  North  Wales 
with  the  booty  which  they  had  there  taken,  then  they  went 
over  Northumberland  and  East  Anglia,  so  that  the  (king's) 
force  could  not  reach  them,  until  they  came  into  the  eastward 
part  of  the  East  Saxons'  laud,  to  an  island  that  is  out  in  the 
sea,  which  is  called  Mersey  A  And  when  the  army  which  had 
beseiJSxeter  again  turned  homewards,  trrey^liaTned  on  the 
South  &axgns  near  Chicliesster,  antTThe  townsfolk  put  them 
to  flight,  and  slew  many  hundreds  of  them,  and  took  some 
of  their  ships.  Then,  in  the  same  year,  before  winter,  the 


1  "  Civitatem  Legionum,  tune 
"  temporis  dcsertam,  quac  Saxonice 
"  Legeceastcr  dicitur  ....  intrant." 
1'lor.  Wigorn. 


2  The  original  word  is  efenneh'o', 
or  efeneh'S,  the  Old  high  Ger. 
ebanod,  GJI:  ebene, 


/  A 
v    ' 


T 
.  \ 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  73 

Danish  who  sat  in  Mersey,  towed  their  ships  up  the  Thames, 
and  the4i  up  the  Lea.  This  was  two  years  after  they  had 
come  over  sea  hitherM 

An.  DCCC.XCVI.  J^Iii  the  same  year  the  fore-mentioned 
army  had  wrought  a  work  on  the  Lea,  twenty  miles  above 
London.  Then,  in  the  summer  after,  a  great  number  of  the 
townspeople,  and  also  of  other  folk  went  .until  they  came 
to  the  Danish  work,  and  were  there  put  to  flight,  and  some 
four  king's  thanes  slain.  Then  afterwards,  during  harvest, 
the  king  encamped  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  town,  while 
the  people  reaped  their  corn,  so  that  the  Danish  might  not 
deprive  them  of  the  crop.  Then  one  day  the  king  rode  up 
by  the  river,  and  observed  where  the  river  might  be  ob- 
structed, so  that  they  might  not  bring  out  their  ships.  And 
they  then  did  so  :  they  wrought  two  works  on  the  ,two~  sides 
of  the  river.  When  they  had  actually  begun  the  work,  and 
had  encamped  thereby,  then  the  army  perceived  that  they 
could  not  bring  out  their  ships.  They  then  abandoned  them, 
and  went  over  land,  until  they  arrived  at  QuatbrUlge  (Bridge)  174,  175. 
on  the  Severn,  and  there  wrought  a  work.  •  Then  rode  the 
(king's)  force  wrest  after  the  army,  and  the  men  of  London 
brought  away  the  ships,  and  all  those  which  they  could  not 
bring  oif  they  broke  up,  and  those  that  were  stalworth  they 
brought  into  London.  And  the  Danish  had  intrusted  their 
wives  to  the  East  Angles  before  they  went  out  from  their 
work.  They  then  sat  that  winter  at  Quatbridge  (Bridge). 
That  was  three  years  after  they  had  come  hither  over  sea 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Limen  J 

An.  DCCC.xcvn.fThen  the  summer  after,  in  this  year,  the 
army  went,  some  to  East  Anglia,  some  to  Northumbria  ;  and 
they  who  were  moneyless  got  themselves  ships,  and  went 
south  over  sea  to  the  Seine.  ^  Thanks  be  to  God,  the  army 
had  not  utterly  broken  up  the  Angle  race  ;  but  they  were 
much  more  broken,  in  those  three  years,  by  a  mortality  of 
cattle  and  of  men  ;  most  of  all  thereby,  that  many  of  the 
king's  most  excellent  thanes  that  were  in  the  land  died  in 
those  three  years  :  of  these  one  was  Swithulf,  bishop  of 
Rochester,  and  Ceolmund,  aldorman  of  Kent,  and  Beorhtulf, 
aldorman  of  the  East  Saxons,  and  Wulfred,  aldorman  of 
Hampshire,  and  Ealhheard,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  and  Eadulf, 
a  king'.'  thane  in  Sussex,  and  Beornulf,  wick-iveve  at  Win- 


74  THE  ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

Chester,  and  Ecgulf,  the  king's  horse-thane,  and  many,  uls 
besides  these,  although  I  have  named  the  most  eminentt/  I 
the  same  year  the  armies  from  the  East  Angles  and  North- 
umbrians harassed  the  West  Saxons'  land,  very  much  on  the 
south  coast,  by  predatory  bands  ;  (though)  most  of  all  by  the 
long  ships  (aescas),  which  they  had  built  many  years  before. 
Then  king  Alfred  commanded  long  ships  to  be  built  against 
them,  which  were  full  nigh  twice  as  long  as  the  others  ;  some 
had  sixty  oars,  some  more ;  they  were  both  swifter  and 
steadier,  and  also  higher  than  the  others  ;  they  were  shapen 
neither  as  the  Frisian  nor  as  the  Danish,  but  as  it  seemed  to 
himself  that  they  might  be  most  useful.  Then  on  a  certain 
time  in  the  same  year,  there  came  six  ships  to  Wight,  and  did 
there  much  evil,  both  in  Devon  and  elsewhere  on  the  sea- 
shore. '  Then  the  king  commanded  (his  men)  to  go  thither  with 
nine  of  the  new  ships,  and  they  blockaded  against  them  the 
mouth  into  the  outer  sea.  They  then  went  with  three  ships 
out  against  them,  and  three  lay  high  up  in  the  mouth,  in  the""~ 
dry  :  the  men  were  gone  off  on  shore.  They  then  took  two 
of  the  three  ships  at  the  outward  mouth,  and  slew  the  men, 
and  the  one  escaped,  in  which  also  the  men  were  ^killed,  save 
five,  who  came  away  because  the  ships  of  ,4;he  others  were 
aground.  They  were  also  aground  very  inconveniently  ; 
three  were  aground  on  the  side  of  the  deep  on  which,  the 
Danish  ships  were  aground,  and  all  the  others  on  the  other 
side,  so  that  not  one  of  them  could  get  to  the  others.  But 
when  the  water  had  ebbed  many  furlongs  from  the  ships,  then 
the  Danish  went  from  the  three  ships  to  the  other  three 
which  had  been  left  by  the  ebb  on  their  side,  and  they  then 
fought  there.  There  were  slain  Lucumon  the  king's  reeve, 
and  Wulfhard  the  Frisian,  and  JEbbe  the  Frisian,  and  JEthel- 
here  the  Frisian,  and  JEthelferth  the  king's  companion,  and  of 
all  the  men,  Frisian  and  English,  sixty-two,  and  of  the  Danish 
a  hundred  and  twenty.  >  But  then  the  flood  came  to  the 
Danish  ships  before  the  Christians  could  shove  theirs  out ; 
and  they  therefore  rowed  away  out  ;  they  were  then  so 
damaged  that  they  could  not  row  round  the  South  Saxons' 
land,  for  there  the  sea  cast  two  of  them  on  land,  and  the  men 
were  led  to  the  king  at  Winchester,  and  he  commanded  Ihi-m 
to  be  there  hanged  ;  and  the  men  who  were  in  the  one  hhip 
came  to  East  Auglia  sorely  wounded.  •£  In  the  same  summer 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  75 

no  less  than  twenty  ships,  with  men  and  everything,  perished 
on  the  south  coast.  In  the  same  year  died  Wulfrio  the  king's 
horse-thane,  who  was  also  Welsh-reeve.  7 

UWMMwAf 

An.  DCCC.XCVIII.  In  this  year  died  JEthelm,  aldorman  of 
Wiltshire,  nine  nights  before  Midsummer  ;  and  in  this  year 
died  Heahstan,  who  was  bishop  of  London. 

An.  DCCC.XCIX.,  D.CCCC. 

V  An.  DCCCC.I.  In  this  year  died  Alfred  son  of  Athulf  (^Ethel- 
wulf),  six  nights  before  All-hallowmass  (Oct.  26th).  He  was 
king  over  all  the  Angle  race,  except  the  part  that  was  under 
the  dominion  of  the  Danes  ;  and  he  held  the  kingdom  one 
year  and  a  half  less  than  thirty  winters.  And  then  Eadweard 
his  son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.J^Then  ^Ethelwald  a3thel- 
inj;,  '  son  of  his  paternal  uncle,  forcibly  entered  the  vill  at 
Wimborne  and  that  at  Tweoxneam  (Twynham,  Christchurch) 
against  the  will  of  the  king  and  his  e  witan.'  Then  the  king  rode 
with  a  force,  until  he  encamped  at  Badbury,  near  Wimborne; 
and  ^thelwald  sat  within  the  vill  with  the  men  who  sub- 
mitted to  him  ;  and  had  obstructed  all  the  entrances  to  him, 
and  had  said  that  he  would  one  or  other,  either  there  live  or 
there  lie.  Then,  in  the  meanwhile,  he  stole  away  by  night, 
and  sought  the  army  in  Northumbria,  and  they  received  him 
for  their  king  and  submitted  to  him.  And  the  king  com- 
manded that  he  should  be  ridden  after,  but  it  was  impossible 
to  overtake  him.  They  then  beset  the  woman  whom  he  had 
before  taken  without  the  king's  leave,  and  against  the  bishops' 
ordinance  ;  because  she  had  previously  been  hallowed  a  nun. 
And  in  this  same  year  died  .^Ethered,  who  was  aldorman  of 
Devon,  four  weeks  before  king  ^Elfred. 

An.  DCCCC.II.  In  this  year  2  Ealhswyth  died  ;  and  in  the 
same  year  was  the  fight  at  the  Holme  between  the  Kentish  men 
and  the  Danish. 

An.  DCCCC.III.  In  this  year  died  the  aldorman  Athulf, 
brother  of  Ealhswyth,'  mother  of  king  Eadweard ;  and  Vir- 
gilius,  abbot  of  the  Scots,  and  Grimbald,  the  mass-priest,  on 
the  vmth  of  the  Ides  of  July  (July  8th).  And  in  the  same 


1  .Ktiielvvald  was  sou  of  .Etliered,  I       2  Her    death    is    again    recorded 
Alfred's  brother  and  predecessor.      |  under  An.  DCCCC.V. 


76  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

year  the  new  monastery  was   hallowed  at  Winchester  ;  and 
the  '  coming  of  St.  Ludoc. 

An.  DCCCC.IV.  In  this  year  JEthelwald  came  hither  over 
sea  with  the  fleet  that  he  was  able  to  get,  and  he  was  sub- 
mitted to  in  Essex.  In  this  year  the  moon  was  eclipsed. 

An.  DCCCC.V.  In  this  year  JEthelwald  allured  the  army  in 
East  Anglia  to  a  violation  of  the  peace,  so  that  they  harried 
over  all  the  Mercians'  land,  until  they  came  to  Cricklade, 
and  there  they  went  over  the  Thames,  and  took,  both  in  "  Bre- 
don  and  thereabout,  all  that  they  could  carry  offj  and  then 
again  went  homewards.  Then  king  Eadweard  went  after  them 
as  speedily  as  he  conld  gather  his  force,  and  harried  3  all  their 
land  between  the  dikes  and  the  Ouse,  all  as  far  north  as  the 
fens.  When  he  again  would  withdraw  thence,  he  commanded 
it  to  be  proclaimed  over  all  the  force,  that  they  should  all 
withdraw  together  :  then  the  Kentish  men  remained  there 
behind  against  his  command,  although  he  had  sent  seven  mes- 
sengers to  them.  Then  the  army  there  surrounded  them, 
and  they  there  fought,  and  there  Avere  the  aldorman  Sigulf 
182,  183.  slain,  and  the  aldormen  Sigelm,  and  Eadwold,  the  king's 
thane,  and  the  abbot  Cenwulf,  and  Sigebriht,  son  of  Sigulf, 
and  Eadwald,  son  of  Acca,  and  with  them  many  others, 
though  I  have  named  the  most  distinguished.  And  on  the 
side  of  the  Danish  were  slain  Eric  their  king,  and  JEthelwald 
ratheling,  who  had  allured  him  to  the  infraction  of  the  peace, 
and  Byrhtsige,  son  of  Byrhtnoth  a3theling,  and  Y.sopa  4  hold, 
and  Oskytel  hold,  and  likewise  very  many  others  with 


1  The  rt-lics  of  St.  Judoc  (Ludoc) 
were  brought    from  Ponthieu    by 
certain  monks,  and  placed  in  the 
New  Minster.— II.  P. 

2  "  Silva  qua3   Saxonice  Bradene 
"  vocatur."    Fl.   Wigorn.     Bred  on 
forest,  near  Malmesbury. 

3  "  Terras  illorum  qusc  inter  terra? 
"  limitem  sanct't  regis  Eadmundi  et 
"  flumenUsam  sitse  sunt,  devastat." 
Ibid.    See  Lappenberg,  Engl.  under 


fundi  aviii  vel  allftdialis,  and  in  the 
Index  to  the  Gragas  a  holdr  is 
described  as  colonus  odalicus  vel 
fundicm  avitum  tcnens.  From  his 
'wergild,'  (or  legal  valuation), which 
is  double  that  of  a  priest  or  thane 
it  is  evident  that  he  was  of  very 
high  rank  in  the  state  ;  though  the 
disparity  may,  perhaps,  be  justly 
ascribed  to  the  assumed  superiority 
of  the  victors  over  the  vanquished  ; 


the  A.  S.  Kings,  i.  p.  242.  i  the  thanes  and  priests  being  of  the 

4  A  title  of  honour  introduced  by     latter    class.      See    Ancient  Laws 


the   Danes   into  E.  Anglia.    Binrn 
Haldorsen  defines  holclr  as  dominits 


and  Institutes  of  England,  tit.  Wer- 
gilds,  4. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  77 

them,  whom  we  arc  unable  now  to  name.  And  there 
was  a  great  slaughter  made  on  either  hand  ;  and  of  the 
Danish  there  were  more  slain,  though  they  held  possession 
of  the  place  of  carnage.  And  Ealhswyth  died  in  the  same 
year.  This  year  a  comet  appeared  on  the  xmth  of  the  Kal. 
of  November  (Oct.  20th). 

An.  DCCCC.VI.  In  this  year  died  JElfred,  who  was  reeve  at 
Bath.  And  in  the  same  year  peace  was  concluded  at  Yttinga- 
ford  (Hitchcn  ?),  as  king  Eadweard  dictated,  both  with  the 
East  Angles  and  with  the  Northumbrians. 

An.  DCCCC.VII.    '  In  this  year  Chester  was  renovated. 

An.  DCCCC.VIII. 

An.  DCCCC.IX.  In  this  year  died  Denulf,  who  was  bishop  of 
Winchester. 

In  this  year  St.  Oswald's  body  was  conveyed  form  Bardney 
into  Mercia. 

An.  DCCCC.X.  In  this  year  Frithcstan  succeeded  to  the 
bishopric  of  Winchester  ;  and  after  that  died  Asser,  who  was 
bishop  of  Sherborne.  And  in  the  same  year  king  Eadweard 
sent  a  force  both  from  the  West* Saxons  and  from  the  Mer- 
cians; and  they  made  very  great  ravage  on  the  north  army, 
both  in  men  and  in  every  kind  of  cattle,  and  slew  many  of 
the  Danish  men  ;  and  were  five  weeks  therein.  In  this 
year  the  Angles  and  Danes  fought  at  Tettenhall,  on  the 
vinth  of  the  Ides  of  August  (Aug.  6th),  and  the  Angles 
gained  the  victory.  And  in  the  same  year  'JEthelflsed  built 
the  burgh  at  Bramsbury. 

v  An.  DCCCC.XI.  In  this  year  the  army  in  Nor'humbria  broke 
the  peace,  and  disdained  every  right  (peace)  which  king 


•  An.  DCCCC.VI.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard,  of  necessity, 
concluded  a  peace  both  with  the  East  Angles'  army  and  with 
the  Northumbrians'.  a 

An.  DCCCC.X.  In  this  year  the  army  of  the  Angles  and  of 
the  Danes  fought  at  Tettenhall.a 


See  An.  DCCC.XCIV.  j      2  Sister  of  king  Eadweard. 


78  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

Eadweard  and  his  '  witan  '  offered  them,  and  harried  over  the 
Mercians'  laud.  And  the  king  had  gathered  some  hundred 
ships,  and  was  then  in  Kent,  and  the  ships  went  south-east 
along  the  sea  towards  him.  Then  weened  the  army  that 
the  greatest  part  of  his  support  was  in  the  ships,  and  that 
they  might  go  unassailed  wheresoever  they  would.  When  the 
king  learned  that  they  were  gone  out  to  ravage,  he  sent  his 
force,  both  from  the  West  Saxons  and  from  the  Mercians, 
and  overtook  the  army  when  it  was  returning  homewards, 
and  fought  against  them  and  put  the  army  to  flight,  and  slew 
many  thousands  of  them  ;  and  there  was  king  Eowils  slain/l 
and  king  Halfdan,  and  Ottar  jarl,  and  Skurfa  jarl,  and 
Othulf  hold,  and  Benesing  hold,  and  Olaf  the  Black,  and 
Thurferth  » holff,  and  Osferth  Hlytte,  and  Guthferth  hold,  and 
Agmund  hold,  and  Guthferth. 

Then  in  the  year  next  after,  died  JEthered,  aldorrnan  of  the 
Mercians. 

J  An.  DCCCC.XII.  In  this  year  died  ^Ethered,  alderman  of  the 
Mercians  ;  and  king  Eadweard  took  possession  of  London, 
and  Oxford,  and  all  the  lands  which  thereto  belonged. 

In  this  year  ^thelflasd,  the  lady  of  the  Mercians,  came  to 
Scergeat  (Sarrat  ?),  on  the  holy  eve  of  the  Inventio  Sancta? 
Crucis  (May  3rd),  and  there  built  the  burgh  ;  and  in  the  same 
year  that  at  Bridgenorth. 

An.  DCCCC.XIII.  In  this  year,  about  2  Martinmas  (April 
14th),  king  Eadward  commanded  the  north  burgh  to  be 
built  at  Hertford,  between  the  Memera  (Maran),  and  the 
Beneficca  (Bean),  and  the  Lygea  (Lea).  And  then,  the 
summer  after  that,  betwixt  the  Rogation  days  (May  3rd)  and 
Midsummer,  king  Eadweard  went  with  some  of  his  force  to 
Maldon  in  Essex,  and  there  encamped,  while  the  burgh  at 
Witham  was  being  wrought  and  built  ;  and  a  good  deal  of  the 
folk  submitted  to  him,  who  were  before  under  the  power  of 
the  Danish  men.  And  some  of  his  force  the  while  wrought 
the  burgh  at  Hertford,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Lea. 

In  this  year,   God  granting,  .ZEthelflced,  lady  of  the  Mer- 


1  See  An.  DCCCC.V.  note*. 

2  From  the  following  dates,  this 
would  appear  to  be  the  anniversary, 


not  of  St.  Martin  of  Tours,  but  of 
'  Martin  pope  and  martyr,'  which 
was  celebrated  on  the  14th  of  April. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  70 

cians,  went  with  all  the  Mercians  to  Tamworth,  and  built 
the  burgh  there,  in  the  early  summer  ;  and  before  the  follow- 
ing Lammas  (Aug.  1),  that  at  Stafford. 

Then  in  the  year  after  this,  that  at  Eddesbury,  in  the 
early  summer  ;  and  afterwards,  in  the  same  year,  towards  the 
end  of  autumn,  that  at  Warwick. 

Then  in  the  next  year,  after  Midwinter,  that  at  Chirbury, 
and  that  at  Wardbury  ;  and  that  same  year,  before  Midwinter, 
that  at  Run  corn.  188  18g 

An.  *DCCCC.XIV.  In  this  year  the  army  rode  out  after  *  DCCCC.XVII.  A 
Easter  from  Northampton  and  from  Leicester,  and  broke  the 
peace,  and  slew  many  men  at  Hocneratiin  (Hockerton?)  and 
thereabouts.  And  then,  very  soon  after  that,  when  the  one 
came  home,  then  they  raised  another  troop,  which  rode  out 
against  Lygtun  (Leighton)  ;  and  then  were  the  country 
people  aware  of  them,  and  fought  against  them  and  put  them 
to  full  flight,  and  rescued  all  that  they  had  taken,  and  also  a 
great  portion  of  their  horses  and  their  weapons. 

>/  An.  *DCCCC.XV.  'In  this  year  there  came  a  great  naval  *DCCCC.XVIII.A 
force  over  hither  from  the  south,  from  the  2  Lidwiccas,  and 
with  it  two  jarls,  Ottar  and  3Hraold,  and  went  west  about 
until  they  arrived  in  the  mouth  of  the  Severn  ;  and  they 
harried  on  the  North  Welsh  everywhere  by  the  sea,  where  it 
pleased  them  •,  and  took  bishop  Cameleac  in  Irkenfield,  and 
led  him  with  them  to  the  ships  ;  and  then  king  Eadweard 
afterwards  ransomed  him  with  forty  pounds.  Then  after  that, 
all  the  army  landed,  and  would  still  go  to  harry  towards 
Irkenfield.  Then  met  them  the  men  of  Hereford  and  of 
Gloucester,  and  of  the  nearest  burghs,  and  fought  against 
them,  and  put  them  to  flight,  and  slew  the  jarl  Hraold,  and 


1  An.  DCCCC.XV.  In  this  year  Warwick  was  built.* 


2  See  An.  DCCC.LXXXV.  note.  I  by  transposition,  as  hros  and  hors, 

3  Apparently  the  same  as  Harold  \  horse. 


80          THE  ANGLO- SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

the  brother  of  Ottar  the  other  jarl,  and  many  of  the  army, 
and  drove  them  into  an  !  inclosure,  and  there  beset  them  from 
Avithout,  until  they  gave  them  hostages,  that  they  would 

190,  191.  depart  from  king  Eadweard's  dominion.  And  the  king  had 
contrived  so  that  his  force  sat  opposite  to  them  on  the  south 
side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  west  from  the  Welsh  (shore), 
as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Avon  east,  so  that  they  durst  not 
anywhere  seek  the  land  on  that  side.  Then,  nevertheless, 
they  stole  away  by  night,  on  some  two  occasions,  on  one 
occasion,  up  to  the  east  of  Watchct,  and  on  another  occasion, 
to  Porlock.  Then  they  were  beaten  on  both  occasions,  so 
that  few  of  them  came  away,  save  those  only  who  there  swam 
out  to  the  ships  ;  and  these  seated  themselves  out  on  the 
island  of  Flatholme  (Steepholm),  until  the  time  that  they 
were  greatly  destitute  of  food  ;  and  many  men  perished  from 
hunger,  because  they  could  not  obtain  any  foocl.7  They  then 
went  to  South  Wales,  and  then  out  to  Ireland  ;  and  this  was 
in  autumn.  And  then  after  that,  in  the  same  year,  before 
Martinmas  (Nov.  llth),  king  Eadweard  went  with  his  force 
to  Buckingham,  and  sat  there  four  weeks,  and  wrought 
both  the  burghs  on  each  side  of  the  river,  before  he  went 
thence.  And  Thurkytel  jarl  sought  him  for  his  lord,  and 
all  the  2  holds,  and  almost  all  the  chief  men  belonging  to 
Bedford,  and  also  many  of  those  belonging  to  Northampton. 

An.  DCCCC.XYI.  In  this  year  abbot  Ecgbriht  was  guiltless 
slain,  before  Midsummer,  on  the  xvith  of  the  Kal.  of  July 
(June  16th).  On  the  same  day  was  the  feast  of  St.  Cirieus 
the  martyr  and  his  companions.  And  three  nights  after, 
JEthelflaed  sent  a  force  into  Wales,  and  took  Brecknock  by 
storm,  and  there  captured  the  king's  wife  with  four  and 
thirty  persons. 

An.  DCCCC.XVII.  In  this  year  JEthelflasd,  lady  of  the  Mer- 
cians, God  aiding  her,  before  Lammas  (Aug.  1),  acquired  the 

192,  193.  burgh  which  is  called  Derby,  with  all  that  belonged  thereto  ; 
and  there  also  were  slain  four  of  her  thanes,  within  the  gates, 
whose  loss  was  a  great  sorrow  to  her. 


1  Sax.  pearruc,  hence  our  park  ;  \       2  See  An.  ECCCC.V.  note4. 
the  word  is  Keltic. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  81 

An.  DCCCC.XVIII.  In  this  year,  with  the  aid  of  God,  in  the 
early  part  of  the  year,  she  got  into  her  power  peacefully  the 
burgh  at  Leicester  ;  and  the  greatest  part  of  the  army  which 
belonged  thereto  became  subjected  to  her.  And  the  people 
of  York  had  also  promised  her,  and  some  given  a  pledge,  and 
some  confirmed  by  oaths,  that  they  would  be  at  her  disposal. 
But  very  soon  after  they  had  agreed  thereon,  '  she  died  at 
Tarn  worth  twelve  nights  before  Midsummer  (June  12th),  in 
the  eighth  year  from  the  time  she  rightfully  held  the  lordship 
over  the  Mercians  ;  and  her  body  lies  in  Gloucester,  in  the 
east  porch  of  St.  Peter's  church. 

An.  DCCCC.XIX.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  went  with  an 
army  to  Bedford,  before  Martinmas  (Nov.  llth),  and  gained 
the  burgh  ;  and  almost  all  the  townsmen  who  had  previously 
dwelt  there  turned  to  him,  and  he  remained  there  four  weeks, 
and  commanded  the  burgh  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  to  be 
built,  before  he  went  thence.  In  this  year  also  the  daughter 
of  .ZEthered,  lord  of  the  Mercians,  was  deprived  of  all  power, 
and  conveyed  into  Wessex,  three  weeks  before  Midwinter. 
She  was  called  JElfwyn. 

An.  DCCCC.XX.  In  this  year,  before  Midsummer,  king  Ead- 
weard went  to  Maldon,  and  built  and  established  the  burgh, 
ere  he  went  thence.  And  in  the  same  year  Thurkytel  jarl 
went  over  sea  to  France,  with  the  men  who  would  follow  him, 
with  the  peace  and  support  of  king  Eadweard. 

An.  DCCCC.XXI.  In  this  year,  before  Easter  (April  1st),  king  194. 
Eadweard  gave  orders  to  proceed  to  Towcester,  and  build  the 
burgh.  And  then  again,  after  that,  in  the  same  year,  in  the 
Eogation  days  (May  7th),  he  commanded  the  burgh  at  Wigmore 
to  be  built.  In  the  same  summer,  betwixt  Lammas  (Aug.  1st) 
and  Midsummer,  the  army  broke  the  peace  from  Northampton 


An.  DCCCC.XVIII.  In  this  year  died  ^Ethelftad,  lady  of    the 
Mercians.* 


1  See  p.  83,  where  her  death  is  again  recorded  under  DCCCC.XXII. 


•E. 
VOL.  II. 


82  Till;   A.VU.O-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

and  from  I>ioesf.er,  and  north  from  thence,  and  went,  lo  Tow- 
cester,  and  /outfit  ajNiin.-i  the  bur^h  a  whole  day,  and  thought 
that  they  should  take  it  by  .storm  ;  hut,  novcrthele-.-,  the 
people  who  woe  -within  defended  it,  until  a  ;/rc;iter  t- 
arrived  ;  and  they  then  ;th;iudoned  the  hiir^rh,  ;md  went  away. 
And  tljen  a;rain,  very  noon  after  that,  they  a^ain  went  oul 
with  a  predatory  band  by  ni^lit,  and  came  upon  men  unpre- 
pared, and  took  no  little,  both  in  men  and  in  cattle,  betwixt. 
1 1 wood  and  Ayle.-bury.  At  the  ;  ame  time,  the  army  from 
Huntingdon,  ami  from  t!  .  ent  an<l  wrought 

the  work  at  Temp-ford,  and  inhabited  it,  and  built,  und  for 

Huntingdon  ;   and    thought  that   from  thence  they 

could,  by  will-fan  in  obtain  more  of  the  land. 

And  they  went  until    they  arrived    at    JJedford  ;  and    then    the 

men   who  were  th'Te  within  went  out  a^'ain.-t   them,  and  fought 

witli  them,  ;iiid  put.  tin  in    to   Hi^hl.    and    .-lew    a   ;_'<.od    part    of 

them.      Then    M^rain,   after    that,    u  my   was   ^atl- 

from  the  Ka-1  An^'h  -  and  Irom    the    Mercian-'  |;,i,d,  and    \venl 

lo  the  bur^h   at   Wi^i;  I        more?;,  and  be  -  |  it.  round 

about,  and  fou^ln  it   far  in  tin-  d;iy,  and  took  the  cattle 

about  it  ;  and,  m  nn-n    def.-ndefl   the   bur^h  who 

•••  tln-n-iu  ;   and  then  th«-y  abaii'loner!    ||)(.    |,iir;-li    and    \\ent 

away.      Then,  ufier  that,  in  th-  uinn-r,  a  ^rcat   body  of 

|<eoj»le    a--embled     in     J.ii;  dominion,    from    the 

ne;ire-(    buiL'h  ,  who   could    then    jr(,s  and    \v«  nt    lo  Tnnj.  ford, 

and  be-d    (he  buiyh,  and    foil;':  i    it    until    they  took    it 

l)y  Htorin,  and  hle\,    ilr  I  jarl,  and    Manna    jarl 

hiK  HOII,  and  hi-  brother,  and  all    tho.-e  who    wen-  there    within 

and   would  defend  them.-el ve-,  and  took   the  olhej>,  ami  all  that 

wan   thej-ein.      'I  hen,    very  ,-hortly   after    thai  body  ol' 

people  a--enibled  in  autumn,  a-  well  from  I<«  nl  a     from  Surrey 

and  from  K  — ex,  and  every  wh< -re  from  the  neju-e:  !  bur;-h .-,  and 

went   to  (.'old  tie  billyh,  and  foii^hl  B( 

until  they  n-diieed  it.  ;  oj.le,  and  look  all  thai 

waH   Ihere    within,    exccpl    th<-    men    who   Jlcfl    a.  the 

wall.      Then,  after  that,  yet,  in  .  aiitunin,  a  ^n-at  ai-my 

nbled  from    ti        •  .  olh    of   the    hmd-ainiy  and 

of  the  vi!  .-.in  they  liad  allured  to  their  aid,  and  ihon 

thai    they    m  iieir    injuries.      AIM!    they    went    lo 

Maldon,  and  be-e|  the  biirMh.  and  fought  i.  until  lh> 

'•am-  aid    to   tli  '.in    without  ;   and    the 


THK   AN01.0-SAXON    CHKONb  So 

army  then  abandoned  the  burgh  and  departed.  And  then  the 
men  from  the  burgh  went  out  after  them,  and  also  those  who 
had  eonie  to  their  aid  from  without,  and  put  the  army  to 
flight,  and  slew  many  hundreds  of  them,  both  of  the  l  axe- 
men and  of  the  others.  Then,  very  soon  after  this,  iti  the  same 
autumn,  king  Kadweard,  with  a  foree  of  \\V-.  &  v^-.s,  went 
to  rassenham,  and  sat  there  while  they  surrounded  the  burgh 
at  Towcester  with  a  stone  wall.  And  Thur forth  jarl,  and  the 
'holds,  and  all  the  army  which  belonged  to  Northampton, 
north  as  far  as  the  Welland,  submitted  to  him,  and  sought 
him  for  their  lord  and  protector.  "And  when  that  army  corps 
wont  home,  then  went  another  out,  and  reduced  the  burgh  at 
Huntingdon,  and  repaired  and  renovated  it,  where  it  \ 
before  in  a  state  of  ruin,  by  order  of  king  Kadweard  ;  and  all 
the  folk  that  were  left  there  of  the  p.  -ubmitted  to 

king    Kadweard,  and    sought    his    peace    and    his    protection. 
Then  again,  after   that,  in   the  same  year,  before  Martin: 
x^    \.  llth),  .x  .\veard,  with  an  army  of  West  Sax* 

went    to   Colchester,  and  repaired  and  renovated  the  bin. 
where  it  had  previously  been  ruined  ;  and  a  great  number  of 
people  submitted  to  him,  both  Vnglia  and  in  Essex, 

who  had  before  been  under  the  power  of  the  Panes.  And  all 
the  army  in  Kast  Anglia  swore  unity  with  him,  that  they  all 
that  would  that  he  would,  and  would  protect  all  that  the  kiu£ 
would  protect,  both  by  sea  and  by  laud.  And  the  army 
which  belonged  to  Cambridge  chose  him  specially  for  their 
lord  and  protector,  and  continued  it  by  oaths,  as  he  it  then 
dictated.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  built  the  burgh  at 
Cledemutha.  In  this  year  king  Sihtric  slew  Niel  his  brother. 
x  A  \\  1  this  year,  between  the  Rogations  (May 

27th)  and  Midsummer,  king  Kadweard  went  with  a  foree  to 
Stamford,  and  commanded  the  burgh  to  be  wrought  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river  :  and  all  the  people  who  belonged  to  the 
northern  burgh  submitted  to  him,  and  sought  him  for  their  lord, 
.hen,  while  he  Avas  there  sitting,  JKthelthvd  his  sister  died 
at  Tamworth,  twe.  s  before  Midsummer.  And  then  he 


o  shipmen  5  from  wsc,  a  «*y,  i      *  See  An.  DOCOCXV.,  mtfe,  p,  76. 
•  jMrate  iMtM<  so  calfcd  apparently  See  Am*  DCCCJCCIV  .  p.  70. 

tVv*ux  beiu£  made  of  asid. 

P  * 


84  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

took  possession  of  the  burgh  at  Tamworth  ;  and  all  the  people 
in  the  Mercians'  land,  who  had /before  been  subject  to  JEtliel- 
flasd,  submitted  to  him  ;  and  the  kings  of  the  North  Welsh, 
Howel,  and  Cledauc,  and  Jeothwel,  and  all  the  North  Welsh 
race,  sought  him  for  lord.  He  then  went  thence  to  Notting- 
ham, and  reduced  the  burgh,  and  ordered  it  to  be  repaired, 
and  peopled,  both  with  Englishmen  and  with  Danish.  And 
all  the  people  who  were  settled  in  the  Mercians'  land  submitted 
to  him,  both  Danish  and  English. 

196.  An.  DCCCC.XXIII.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  went,  after 

autumn,  with  a  force  to  Thelwall,  and  commanded  the  burgh 
to  be  built,  and  inhabited,  and  manned ;  and  commanded 
another  force  also  of  the  Mercian  nation,  while  he  there  sat, 
to  reduce  Manchester  in  Northumbria,  and  repair  and  man 

197^          it.     In  this  year  died  archbishop  Plegemund  :  (and)  in  this 
year  king  Ragnald  won  York. 

An.  DCCCC.XXIV.  In  this  year,  before  Midsummer,  king 
Eadweard  went  with  a  force  to  Nottingham,  and  commanded 
the  burgh  to  be  built  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  opposite 
to  the  other  ;  and  the  bridge  over  the  Trent,  betwixt  the  two 
burghs  ;  and  then  went  thence  into  Peakland,  to  Bake  well, 
and  commanded  a  burgh  to.be  built  and  manned  there  in  the 
\Jf  immediate  neighbourhood.  fAnd  then  the  king  of  the  Scots  and 
all  the  nation  of  Scots/"and  Ragnald,  and  the  sons  of  Eadnlf, 
and  all  those  who  •  dwell  in  Northumbria,  as  well  English  as 
Danish  and  Northmen,  and  others,  and  also  the  king  of  the 
Strathclyde  Welsh,  and  all  the  Strathclyde  Welsh,  chose  him 
for  father  and  for  lord. 


*/  An.  DCCCC.XXIV.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  was  chosen 
for  father  and  for  lord  by  the  king  of  the  Scots,  and  by  the 
Scots,  and  by  king  Ragnald,  and  by  all  the  Northumbrians, 
and  also  by  the  king  of  the  Strathclyde  Welsh,  and  by  all  the 
Strathclyde  Welsh.a 

199.  An.  DCCCC.XXIV.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  died  in  Mercia 

at  Farndon ;    and  very  shortly,  in  sixteen  days  after,  his  son 
^Elfweard  died  at  Oxford  ;  and  their  bodies  lie  at  Winchester. 


R 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  85 

^  An.  DCCCC.XXV.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  died,  and  198. 
./Ethelstan  his  son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  And  St. 
Dimstan  was  born,  and  Wulfhelm  succeeded  to  the  arch- 
bishopric of  Canterbury.  In  this  year  king  .^Ethelstan  and 
Sihtric,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  came  together  at  Tam- 
worth  on  the  mrd  of  the  Kal.  of  February  (Jan.  30th)  ;  and 
^Ethelstan  gave  him  his  sister. 

An.  DCCCC.XXVI.  In  this  year  fiery  beams  of  light  appeared 
in  the  north  part  of  the  sky.  And  Sihtric  died  ;  and  king 
jEthelstan  assumed  the  kingdom  of  the  Northumbrians  ;  and 
he  subjugated  all  the  kings  who  were  in  this  island  :  first, 
Howel  king  of  the  West  Welsh,  and  Constantine  king  of  the 
Scots,  and  Owen  king  of  Gwent,  and  Ealdred  son  of  Ealdulf 
of  Bamborough :  and  with  pledge  and  with  oaths  they  con- 
firmed peace,  in  the  place  which  is  named  Eamot  (Emmet  ?), 
on  the  ivth  of  the  Ides  of  July  (July  12th),  and  renounced 
every  kind  of  idolatry  ;  and  after  that  departed  in  peace. 

An.  DCCCC.XXVII.  In  this  year  king  JEthelstan  expelled 
king  Guthfrith  ;  and  in  this  year  archbishop  Wulfhelm  went 
to  Rome. 

An.  DCCCC.XXVIII.  In  this  year  William  succeeded  to  Nor-         201. 
mandy,  and  held  it  fifteen  years. 

An.  DCCCC.XXIX.,  DCCCC.XXX, 

An.  DCCCC.XXXI.  In  this  year  Byrnstan  was  ordained  bishop          200. 
of  Winchester,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of  June  (May  29th)  ; 
and  he  held  the  bishopric  two  years  and  a  half. 

An.  DCCCC.XXXII.  In  this  year  died  *  bishop  Frythestan.       *  of  winton. 

An.  DCCCC.XXXIII.  In  this  year  Eadwine  setheling  was 
drowned  in  the  sea.  In  this  year  king  jEthelstan  went  into 
Scotland,  with  both  a  land-force  and  a  ship-force,  and  ravaged 


And  JEthelstan  was  chosen  king  by  the  Mercians,  and  hal- 
lowed at  Kingston.  And  he  gave  his  sister  to  Otho,  son  of 
the  king  of  the  Old-Saxons.a 

An.  DCCCC.XXV.  In  this  year  bishop  Wulfhelm  was  hal- 
lowed ;  And  in  the  same  year  king  Eadweard  died.b 

An.  DCCCC.XXXI.  In  this  year  died  Frithestan,  bishop  of 
Winchester,  and  Byrnstan  was  blessed  in  his  stead.c 

a  B.  C.  D.  b  E.,  partly  repealed.  c  F. 


86 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHEONICLE. 


a  great  part  of  it.  And  bishop  Byrnstan  died  at  Winchester 
at  All-Hallows  tide. 

An.  DCCCC.XXXIV.  In  this  year  bishop  JElfheah  succeeded 
to  the  bishopric  of  Winchester. 

An.  DCCCC.XXXV.,  DCCCC.XXXVI. 

An.  l  DCCCC.XXXVII. 


This  year  king  JEthelstan, 

lord  of  earls, 

2  ring -giver  of  warriors, 

and  his  brother  eke, 

Eadmund  aetheling, 

life-long  glory 

in  battle  won, 

with  edges  of  swords, 

at  Brunanburh. 

The  board-wall  clave. 

hew'd  the  3war  linden, 

with  *  hammers'  leavings, 


Eadward's  offspring, 
as  was  to  them  congenial 
from  their  ancestors, 
that  they  in  conflict  oft, 
'gainst  every  foe, 
should  the  land  defend, 
treasure  and  homes. 
The  foes  lay  low, 
the  Scots'  people, 
and  the  shipmen 
death-doom'd  fell. 
The  field  5  stream'd 


202,  203. 


An.  DCCCC.XXXVII.  In  this  year  king  .ZEthelstan  and  Ead- 
mund his  brother  led  a  force  to  Brunanburh,  and  there  fought 
against  Olaf,  and,  Christ  aiding,  had  victory:  and  they  there 
slew  five  kings  and  seven  jarls.a 


1  DCCCC.XXXVIII. — W. 

2  Rings   were    worn    about   the 
head,  round  the  neck,  the  arms,  the 
wrists,  on  the  fingers,   the   ankle, 
and  probably  even  round  the  waist. 
See  «  Guide  to  Northern  Archce- 
*  ology,'    edited  by    the     Eari    of 
Ellesmere,  8vo.  1848,  p.  54;   also 
Weinhold,     Altnordisches     Leben, 
8vo.  Berlin,  1856,  p.  185.     See  also 
An.  DCCC.LXXVI.  and  note,  p.  63. 

8  shields,  being  made  of  the  lime 
or  linden  tree. 

4gomel    laf,    eald  laf,    yrfe  laf, 


hamora  (homera)  laf,  are  all  poetic 
expressions  for  a  sword  ;  a  sword 
being  the  leaving,  or  produce,  of  the 
operation  of  forging  (hammering}. 

5  This  translation  of  dseniede 
(dennade)  is  countenanced  by  the 
O.  Norse  dundi,from  dynia,  resonare, 
irruere  :  Blodid  dundi,  og  tarin 
tidt,  creberrima  erat  stillatio  turn 
sanguinis  turn  lacrymarum.  Biorn 
Haldorsen,  voce  dyn.  The  reading 
of  MS.  A.  seems  to  be  the  error  of 
an  illiterate  scribe,  writing,  as  was 
customary,  from  dictation,  and  de- 
ceived by  similarity  of  sound. 


F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


8 


V 


with  warriors'  *  blood, 
what  time  the  sun  up, 
at  morning  tide, 
the  glorious  star, 
glided  o'er  grounds. 
God's  candle  bright, 
the  eternal  Lord's, 
until  the  noble  creature 
sank  to  its  setting. 
There  many  a  warrior  lay, 
^  by  javelins  scatter'd, 
northern  men, 
o'er  the  shield  shot, 
so  the  Scots  eke, 
weary,  war-sated. 
The  West  Saxons  forth, 
the  live-long  day, 
in  martial  bands, 
follow'd  the  footsteps 
of  the  hostile  nations. 
They  hew'd  the  fugitives 
from  behind  amain, 
with  falchions  2  mill-sharp. 
The  Mercians  refus'd  not 
the  hard  hand-play 
to  any  of  the  warriors, 
who  with  3  Olaf, 
o'er  the  waves'  mingling, 
in  the  ship's  bosom, 
the  land  had  sought, 
death-doom'd  in  fight. 
>04,  205.  Five  lay 

on  that  battle-stead, 


young  kings, 

by  swords  laid  to  sleep  : 

so  seven  eke 

of  Olafsjarls, 

of  the  army  countless, 

shipmen  and  Scots. 

There  was  put  to  flight 

the  Northmen's  prince, 

by  need  constrain'd, 

to  the  vessel's  prow, 

wilh  a  little  band. 

The  bark  drove  afloat, 

the  king  departed 

on  the  fallow  flood, 

his  life  preserved. 

So  there  eke  the  aged 

came  by  flight 

to  his  country  north, 

Constantino, 

hoary  warrior  ; 

he  needed  not  exult 

in  the  falchions'  intercourse  ; 

he  of  his  kinsmen  was  bereft, 

of  his  friends  depriv'd, 

on  the  trysting  place, 

in  conflict  slain  ; 

and  his  son  he  left 

on  the  slaughter  place, 

mangled  with  wounds, 

young  in  warfare. 

Needed  not  boast 

the  grizzly  lock'd  warrior 

of  the  bill-clashing, 


1  swat  here,  as    often  in  poetry, 
signifies  blood.       In   German,   the 
blood  of  game  is  called  schweiss, 
sweat. 

2  From  the  grindstone,  on  -which 
they  were  sharpened.     The  reading 
of  MS.  D.  (my eel   scearpum)  re- 
quires no  comment. 

3  The  form  of  Anlaf  for  Olaf  in 


A.S.  (O.  Nor.  Olafr)  seems  quite  un- 
accountable. Besides  Anlaf,  we  find 
Onlaf  and  Unlaf.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed to  have  arisen  from  a  clerical 
error  of  n  for  u,  and  that  we  should 
read  Aulaf ;  but  this  supposition 
will  hardly  apply  to  the  reading 
Unlaf;  and  even  on  his  coins  the 
name  stands  Anlaf. 


88 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON    t  1!  KONU'l.i:. 


ihe  eld  doeei\er. 
nor  Olal'  the  more, 
with  their  armies'  relies  ; 
Ihrv  needed  not  to  Inu^h 
(hat  they  in  works  of  war 
(ho  bettor  were 

..  -.it):,      on  the  battle-stead, 

:it  (ho  rush  of  banners, 
the  mooting  of  javelins, 
(ho  tryst  of  men, 
(he  clash  of  weapons,        [Miov 
(hat  on  tho  Hold  ol'  slaughter 
with  EiAdW6ftrd'8 
oll'sprin^-  play'd. 
IVparted  then  ilu»  .Nortlnnon 
in  (hoir  uail'd  harks, 
llio  darts'  prorv   IO:M 
IMI  (lu>  '  roaring  16^ 
IMM-  tin-  dco|>  \va(or, 
Oul'lin  lo  sook, 
Ireland  once  more, 
in  mind  ahaslfd. 
Likewise  the 
holh  lo:;elhor, 
king  and  a- 
'ir  country 
\\Csi  .S;i\,>us'  land, 


in  >v:ir  oxnlliiii;-. 


'JMiev  lel'l  hehind  them, 
(he  OarOMea  to  Miare, 

Avith  '  pallid  coal, 

the  Mvarl  rnviMi, 

\vith  horned  nel>, 

and  him  of  goodly  ooal, 

;:  tlu>  ea^'le  \vhile  hehind, 

(he  carrion  to  de\  onr. 

(h(>  u'reedy  war-ha\vk, 

and  (hat  £ivy  heast. 

the  wolf  in  (lie  weald. 

N(^  slaii!;ht(M-  has  heen  i;r(>ater 

in  tliis  island 

o\  or  yet 

of  folk  laid  low, 

hol'ore  this, 

by  the  sword's  od^os, 

from  what  hooks  tells  us, 

old  chroniclers,  208, 

since  hither  from  the  ea>i 

Anglos  and  Saxons 

came  to  land. 

o'er  the  broad  seas 

Britain  sought, 

proud  war-smiths, 

the  Welsh  oVreaine, 

men  for  ulory  eauer, 

tho  country 


'Tliis  rciuU-rin:;  of  "  on  il\  ns^-.s 
"  i  »l\  ui;;vs")  nu-iv  "  is  (juito  oonjoo 
tunil. 

-  Tho  Mord  *  p:ulo  '  t^t'  tho  original 
is  hovi«   takon    as  sMionviuous  \\ith 
tho  r.oth.  paida.  Oh:-;,  phoit,  l>.  Sax. 
ivda.     <-.'(i^,    iiidiistHni.       '  Sa!o\\  iu 
'  padau  '  is.    I   havo  no  doul-l,  an  ap- 
position to  lira,  as  both  salo\ 
swoart   oannot    \\oll   ho  said   of   tho 
ra\  en.    thoiivji  'xilou  i:>.'    pa 
applii's  to  .1   rorpM-.      'I'lu-  I'ollov  in:- 
i^  olli  u  a   us   .1    froor    \»  r.ston    of  tlio 


/.;//  l>fhin<l  thn*  the 
sn\ii-t  nivt-n  with  horned  nt'fi,  to  share 
(lie  i>alf-liiii'tl  0(//v(/\c.v  ;  ami  the 
white-tailed  tatjlc  with  <j<Hnllt/  /»/«- 
w/.n/r,  ///('  <//•(•(•(///  irtir-luttck,  and  that 
(//•<•//  bt'itst,  the  wolf  in  the  /<•<>(></,  tlir. 
<•<!/•/•/<>;<  A'  t!<T(>ttr. 

'•  (Iriiuin  ^Andr.  and  Kl.  p.  \\  i."i 
proposi-s  to  road,  i-arn  a1  thin  h\\a-t. 
irsos  hn'ioan.  a<i;iHain  /».>//r  \c  (.M-,r 
ttjiquid  (•(/(•/•(•  (fft'twtutl),  Tho  onion- 
d.ition  .Noonis  liardl\  noodod.  01,  in- 
dood.  adnus>il>lo. 


I  111!   ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


89 


An.    i>< VIV.XXXN  ill.,  invtv.x  \\i\. 

An.  mvtv.xi..  In  (his  year  kin-  .'Rthelstan  died,  at  (llon- 
eoster,  Dii  the  \illi  »••!'  I lu«  Kal.  ol'  No\einber  ^Oct.  'JTlh1), 
lorly-one  winters,  MYG  one  nii;h(,  after  kin;';  /Mll'red  died; 
and  Kadmnnd  :rthc-lin£,  his  brother,  succeeded  to  (ho  king- 
dom ;  and  ho  was  then  eighteen  winters  old.  And  kin-- 
yiOthelstan  roi^ni'd  lonrtoi-n  vt'ars  and  Ion  works.  Wull- 
hi'lin  was  IlitMi  nrrhhislmp  in  Konl. 

An.  nrccc.xi.i.  In  (his  year  (ho  Nor(hnntl>rians  holiod 
ihoii-  loahy  oaths,  and  ohoso  Olat'of  hvlniul  tor  thoir  king. 


Here  Kadtnnnd  kin;';, 
of  Angles  lord, 
of  his  kin  (tribes)  protector, 
iMercia  subdued, 
dear  deed-performer, 
as  the  '  Dore  it  bounds, 
ionl  Whil well's  ^a(e, 
and  Hnmbcr's  riycr, 
broad  ocean-stream. 
Ki\  e  (owns, 
Leicester, 
and  Lincoln, 
and  Nottingham,  Kadmnnd  kin--;. 

An.   DCCCC.XLIT.    In  this  year  "kino;  Olafdied. 

An.  DCCCC.XUn.  In  (liis  year  Olal'  took  Tamwoi  (h  by 
storm,  and  ^real  slsui^hter  was  made  on  either  side  ;  and  the 
Danes  had  the  \iclory,  and  led  a\\av  :.',real  booty  with  them  : 
there,  dnriii'V  the  pillayv,  \\  as  \V  idlrnn  taken.  In  this\ear 
Kadmnml  beset  kiiii;-  Olal'  and  archbishop  \YnHsiaii 


so  Slanil'ord  ckc, 

and  Dcrhy, 

won>  orowhik-  l>anish, 

niuh-r  (ho  Northmen, 

l>y  need  const raiifd, 

in  lu»:iilicns' 

capdyo  bonds, 

tor  a  Ion;>;  sjiaco, 

until  au-ain  roloas'd  (honi, 

(hroii!;h  his  \\orlhincss, 

(ho  warrior's 

K:ul\\  ard's 


1  Tlic  Dun-  N\>Mil<l  si'i-ni  to  In-  in- 
trndnl  for  the  urstcrn  bouiuhiry  of 
MiMvia.  \vhili'  ^Vllit^v^•l^s  '^ito  :uid 
tin-  mouth  of  tlu-  llinnluT  ;uv  its 
soutluTii  ;uul  iiortlu-rn  limits  on  tin- 

I'llSt  I'OMSt. 

-'Phis  liiu-  serins  nu'vcly  an  op- 
position to  tlif  onr  inunr.li;itrl\ 
pivivilin;v  it. 

:i  Sec  II.  Humiliation  ami  Sim. 
.-I'  Diiih.ini,  ;i.  \\\  |.  Tliriv  \\rrr 


rhii-fs  of  that   n;inii'  at  this 
period  :     Anlaf   tin-    son    of    (iuth- 
l>'i  Hi,  Anlaf  tin-  son  (.f  Sihtric,  and 
Anlaf  I'wiran,    miMitioiu-,1     a.    '.>  t'.». 
K.r.      Olaf  Kvaran    \\  as    kin:-    of 
PuMiu.      Si-i-   S:i!-;:i    Olafs    Koiniii!',-; 
•  asonar.  i.  p.  II'.),  ,.,lit.  1825  5 
also    his  S:i.",:i    in    SIIOITH    llrimskr. 
c:ip.    M.-J.      Mnilion    oivurs    of    him 
:ilso   in    Ihr     Annals   of     IHsIn  .    .1.1 


|6  THE  AJTOfoO-SAXOX   CHBOXICLR 

in  Leicester ;  and  would  hare  captured  them,  had  it  not  been 
ticy  escaped  ovt  of  die  town  by  night.     And  after  that, 

friendship  ;  and  ting  Ead- 

recei  ved  king  Olmf  at  baptism,  and  he  royally 
gifted  him.  And  m  die  sairc  year,  after  a  good  loiig  interval, 
he  retired  kmgRagMM  at  the  bishop's  hand.  In  th«  year 
king  EadmMd  delirered  Glastonbory  to  St.  Dunstan,  where 
he  afterwards  first  became  alvbot. 
212.  sis.  .  Doooc-UJY.  In  this  year  ting  Eadmnnd  snbdned  all 

T^,-— ^^^-^— "Efc^^J^-kJB       2»A»       lt*J-»       ••    fl^^MMM  "  -         -  -  '         . 

-N     . •  -  -: .-- "    -  •  -  -  -        X     '     .      ,    .  •         ." ".        -     - 

soacf  Shtrk^  airfBagnaWscm  of  Gnthferth. 

La  tfcta  year  Iritig  Eadmund  harried  over 
d  gave  it  all  np  to  Malcolm  king  of  die 

An.  DOOCXXXI.TI.  In  this  year  king  Eadmnnd  died,  on  St. 
Angnsrine's  mass-day  (May  26th).   It  was  widely  known  bow  lie 
his  days,  tkatlJofa  stabbed  him 

of  the 

And  he  had  the  kingdom  ax  years  and 
him,  Eadred  *theling,  his  brother, 
kiagdom,  and  reduced  all  Northumberland 
his  JMIWI  t  and  toe  Scots  gave  niai  irmlKf^,  that  they 
all  that  he  would. 

An.  Doocxr.xi.vii.  In  this  year  king  Eadred  came  to  Tad- 
Scylf  (Shett),  and  there  Wnlfstin  the  archbishop  and 
bnmbrian  <witan,'  swore  fealty  to  the  king  ;  and 
a  fitde  space  belied  it  all,  both  pledges  and  also  oaths. 
An.  BOOGC.XLVHI.  In  tins  year  king  Eadred  harried  over 

they  had  taken  Eric  lor  their 
in  that  harrying  was  die  famms  monastery  at 
Bipon  burnl,  which  St.  Wilierth  built.      And  when  die  king 
was  ImmM  m  ••  il,  the  army  within  York  overtook  him :  (the 
rear  of  the  king's  force  was  at  Chesterford),  and  there  made 
great  slaughter.     Then  was  die  king  BO  i~j^»«*»^  diat  he 
marck  in,  aod  totally  destroy  die  country.   When 

! 

aad  made  coa^eaBitiian  fig  die  deed  to  king  Eadred. 
--:.  An.  Doooc^tLEL  In  this  year  caa*e  Olaf  Cwiran  to Nordi- 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE,  91 

An.  DCCCC.L. 

An.  DCCCC.LI.  In  this  year  died  JElfheah,  bishop  of  Win-         214. 
Chester,  on  St.  Gregory's  mass-day  (Mar.  12th). 

An.  DCCCC.LII.  In  this  year  king  Eadred  commanded  nrrh- 
bishop  Wuli'sttin  to  be  brought  into  the  fastness  at  »J(j«ll)iir^li, 
because  he  had  been  often  accused  to  (lie  kini/.  And  in 
this  year  also,  the  king  commanded  a  great  slaughter  to  be 
made  in  the  town  of  Thetford,  in  revenge  for  the  abbot. 
Eadelm,  whom  they  had  before  slain.  In  this  year  the  North- 
umbrians expelled  king  Olaf,  and  received  Eric,  Harald's 
son. 

An.  DCCCC.LIII. 

An.  DCCCC.LIV.  In  this  year  the  Northumbrians  expelled 
Eric,  and    Eadred   assumed  the  kingdom   of  the  Northum- 
brians.    In  this  year  archbishop  Wulfstan  again  received  a 
bishopric,  at  Dorchester. 
s      An.   DCCCC.LV.    In   this  year   died   king   Eadred,   on    ^ 

Clement's  mass-day  (Nov.  23rd)  at  Frome,  and  he  rests   in 
I     the  *  Old  monastery  ;  and  he  reigned  nine  years  and  a  half ;  *  at  Winchester. 
\   *  and   then  Eadwig  ^succeeded  to  the    kingdom,  the  son   of 
king  Eadmund  and  St.  jElfgifu.     And  he  drove  St.  Dunstan 
out  of  the  land. 

An.  DCCCC.LVI. 

An.  DCCCC.I/VII.  In  this  year  died  archbishop  Wulfstan  of 
York,  on  the  xviith  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  16th),  and 
he  was  buried  at  Oundle.     And  in  the  same  year  abbot  Dun-          217. 
stun  was  driven  away  over  sea.     In  this  year  Eadgar  aetheling 
succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Mercians. 

An.  DCCCC.LVIII.    In  this  year  archbishop  *  Oda  separated  *  of  Canterbury. 
king  Eadwig  and  -ZElfgyfu,  because  they  were  too  near  akin. 
In  this   year   king    Eadwig   died,    on   the   Kal.    of   October          216. 
(Oct.  1st.)  ;  and  Eadgar  his  brother  succeeded  to  the  king- 


1 — and  Eadwig  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of  the  West 
Saxons,  and  Eadgar  his  brother  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  of 
the  Mercians  ;  and  they  were  the  sons  of  king  Eadmund  and 
St. 


»D.F. 


92 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


dom,  as  well  of  the  West  Saxons  as  of  the  Mercians,  and  of 
the  Northumbrians  ;  and  he  was  then  sixteen  winters  old. 


218. 


In  his  days 

it  prosper'd  well, 

and  God  him  granted 

that  he  dwelt  in  peace, 

the  while  that  he  lived  ; 

and  he  did  as  him  behoved, 

diligently  earn'd  it. 

He  up-rearM 

the  praise  of  God  widely, 

and  God's  law  lov'd, 

and  the  folk's  peace  better'd 

the  most  of  the  kings 

that  were  before  him 

in  memory  of  men. 

And  God  him  eke  aided, 

so  that  kings  and  earls 

willingly  to  him  submitted, 

and  became  subject 

to  that  which  he  wilPd  ; 

and  without  contest, 

he  govern'd  all 

that  he  himself  will'd. 

He  was  widely  among  nations, 

greatly,  honour'd, 

because  he  honour'd 

God's  name  zealously, 


and  on  God's  law  meditated 

oft  and  frequently, 

and  God's  praise  exalted 

wide  and  far  ; 

and  wisely  rul'd 

oftenest  ever  constantly, 

'fore  God 

and  'fore  the  world, 

all  his  people. 

One  misdeed  he  did 

however  too  frequently, 

that  he  foreign 

vices  lov'd, 

and  heathen  manners 

within  this  land 

brought  too  fast, 

and  outlandish  men 

hither  enticed, 

and  pernicious  people 

allur'd  to  this  country. 

But  may  God  grant  him, 

that  his  good  deeds 

be  more  prevailing 

than  his  misdeeds, 

for  his  soul's  protection, 

on  the  longsome  journey. 


219. 


220. 


An.  DCCCC.LIX.  In  this  year  Eadgar  sent  after  St.  Dunstan, 
and  gave  him  the  bishopric  of  Worcester  ;  and  afterwards  the 
bishopric  of  London. 

An.  DCCCC.LX. 

An.  DCCCC.LXI.  In  this  year  died  Oda,  the  good  archbishop  ; 
and  St.  Dunstan  succeeded  to  the  archbishopric. 

An.  DCCCC.LXII.  In  this  year  died  JElfgar,  the  king's  kins- 
man, in  Devon ;  and  his  body  rests  at  Wilton.  And  king 
Sigferth  killed  himself,  and  his  body  lies  at  Wimborne.  And 
then  within  the  year  there  was  a  great  mortality,  and  the 
great  fever  was  in  London,  and  Paul's  monastery  WHS  burnt, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  again  founded.  In  the  same  year 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  93 

Athelmod  the  mass-priest  went  to  Rome,  and  there  died,  on 
the  xvuith  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  15th). 

An.  DCCCC.LXIII.  In  this  year  Wulfstan  the  deacon  died  on 
Childermas  day  (Dec.  28th)  ;  and  after  that  died  Gyric  the 
mass-priest.  In  this  same  year,  abbot  Athelwold  succeeded 
to  the  bishopric  of  Winchester,  and  he  was  hallowed  on  the 
vigil  of  St.  Andrew  (Nov.  29)  :  it  was  Sunday  on  that  day. 


An.  DCCCC.LXIII.  In  this  year  Athelwold  was  chosen  to  the          221. 
bishopric  of  Winchester  by  king  Eadgar  ;  and  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  St.  Dunstan,  hallowed  him  on  the  first  Sunday 
of  Advent,   that  was  on  the  nird  of  the  Kal.  of  December 
(Nov.  29th).1  a 




1  In  the  year  after  he  was  hallowed  he  made  many  monas- 
teries, and  drove  the  clerks  out  of  the  bishopric ;  because  that 
they  would  not  hold  any  rule,  and  set  monks  there.  He  made 
there  two  abbacies,  one  of  monks,  one  of  nuns  ;  all  that  was 
within  Winchester.  Then  afterwards  he  came  to  king  Eadgar, 
and  besought  him  that  he  would  give  him  all  the  monasteries 
which  heathen  men  had  before  ruined  ;  because  that  he  would 
restore  them  ;  and  the  king  blithely  granted  it.  And  the 
bishop  then  came  first  to  Ely,  where  St.  JEtheldrith  lies,  and 
caused  the  monastery  to  be  made  ;  then  gave  it  to  one  of  his 
monks  who  was  named  Brihtnoth  :  then  hallowed  him  abbot, 
and  there  set  monks  to  serve  God  where  whilom  there  were 
nuns.  Then  bought  he  many  villages  (cotlif )  of  the  king,  and 
made  it  very  rich.  After  that,  bishop  Athelwold  came  to  the 
monastery  that  was  called  *  Medeshamstede,  which  whilom  *  Peterborough, 
was  destroyed  by  heathen  folk  :  there  found  he  nothing  but 
old  walls  and  wild  woods.  Then  found  he,  hidden  in  the  old 
walls,  writings  that  abbot  Headda  had  erewhile  written,  how 
king  Wulfhere  and  ^Ethelred  his  brother  had  built  it,  and  how 
they  had  freed  it  against  king,  and  against  bishop,  and  against 
all  secular  service  ;  and  how  the  pope  Agatho  had  confirmed 
it  by  his  writ,  and  the  archbishop  Deusdedit.  He  then  caused 
the  monastery  to  be  wrought,  and  set  there  an  abbot  who  was 


E. 


94  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

222,  223.          An.  DCCCC.LXIV.  In  this  year  king  Eadgar  drove  out  the 

Winchester,      priests  in  the  "city,  from  the  Old  monastery  and  from  the 

New  monastery,  and  from  Chertsey,  and  from  Milton  (Middle- 


called  Aldulf ;  and  placed  monks  there  where  before  there 
was  nothing.  He  then  came  to  the  king,  and  caused  him  to 
look  at  the  writings  which  had  before  been  found  :  and  the 
king  then  answered  and  said  :  "I,  Eadgar,  grant  and  give  to- 
day, before  God  and  before  the  archbishop  Dunstan,  freedom 
to  St.  Peter's  monastery,  Medeshamstede,  from  king  and  from 
bishop  ;  and  all  the  villages  which  are  thereto  adjacent,  viz., 
Eastfield,  and  Dosthrop,  and  Eye,  and  Paston.  And  so  I  free 
it,  that  no  bishop  have  any  command  there,  besides  the  abbot 
of  the  monastery.  And  I  give  the  '  town  which  is  called 
Oundle,  with  all  that  is  thereto  adjacent,  that  is,  that  which  is 
called  the  Eight  Hundreds,  and  market,  and  toll,  so  freely, 
that  neither  king,  nor  bishop,  nor  earl,  nor  shire-reeve  have 
any  command  there,  nor  any  one  save  the  abbot  only,  and  him 
whom  he  shall  appoint  thereto.  And  I  give  to  Christ  and  St. 
Peter,  and  through  the  prayer  of  bishop  Athelwold,  these 
lands :  that  is,  Barrow,  Warmington,  Ashton,  Kettering, 
Castor,  Eylesworth,  Walton,  Witrington,  Eye,  Thorp  ;  and 
one  moneyer  in  Stamford.  These  lands  and  all  the  others  that 
are  adjacent  to  the  monastery,  these  I  declare  2  clear,  that  is, 
(with)  'saca'  and  'socn,'  'toll*  and  'team,'  and  '  infangenthef.' 
These  rights  and  all  others  I  declare  clear  to  Christ  and  St. 
Peter.  And  I  give  the  two  parts  of  Witlesmere,  with  waters, 
and  with  weirs,  and  fens,  and  so,  through  Merelade,  direct  to 
the  water  that  is  called  Nen,  and  so  eastward  to  King's  delf 
(Knut's  dike).  And  I  will  that  there  be  a  market  in  the 
same  town,  and  that  there  be  none  other  betwixt  Stamford 
and  Huntingdon.  And  I  will  that  the  toll  be  given  thus  : 
first  from  Witlesmere  all  to  the  king's  toll  of  Norman's  Cross 
hundred,  and  then  back  again  from  Witlesmere,  through 
Merelade,  at  once  to  the  Nen;  and  so  as  the  water  runs  to 
Crowland,  and  from  Crowland  to  Muston,  and  from  Muston  to 


1  It  would  seem  that  when  this  document   was  made,  the  word  tun 
had  assumed  its  present  signification  of  town. 

2  i.e.  without  restriction  or  burthen. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  95 

ton),  and  planted  them  with  monks  ;  and  he  set  abbot  -ZEthel- 
gar  for  abbot  to  the  New  monastery,  andOrdbriht  to  Chertsey, 
and  Cyneward  to  Milton. 

An.  DCCCC.LXV.  In  this  year  king  Eadgar  took  'JElfthryth 
for  his  queen  ;  she  was  the  daughter  of  the  aldorman  Ordgar. 


King's  delf,  and  to  Witlesmere.  And  I  will  that  all  the  im- 
munities, and  all  the  remissions  that  my  predecessors  have 
given,  stand.  And  (this)  I  write  and  confirm  with  the  sign 
of  Christ's  rood."  + 

Then  answered  Dunstan,  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
said  :  "  I  consent  to  all  the  things  which  are  here  given  and 
said  ;  and  all  the  things  which  thy  predecessors  and  mine 
have  conceded,  those  will  I  that  they  stand :  and  whosoever 
shall  violate  this,  then  give  I  him  the  curse  of  God,  and  of  all 
saints,  and  of  all  ordained  heads,  and  of  myself,  unless  he 
come  to  repentance.  And  I  give,  in  acknowledgment  to  St. 
Peter,  my  mass-mantle,  and  my  stole,  and  my  robe,  for  the 
service  of  Christ."  "  I,  Oswald,  archbishop  of  York,  assent  to 
all  these  words,  by  the  holy  rood  on  which  Christ  suffered."  -J-1 
"  I,  Athelwold  bishop,  bless  all  who  hold  this,  and  I  excom- 
municate all  who  violate  this,  unless  he  come  to  repentance." 
Here  were  JElfstan  bishop,  Athulf  bishop,  and  Escwi  abbot, 
and  Osgar  abbot,  and  -^thelgar  abbot,  and  .^Elfere  aldorman, 
JEthelwine  aldorman,  Brihtnoth,  Oslac  aldorman,  and  many 
other  great  men  :  and  all  assented  to  it,  and  all  signed  it  with 
Christ's  cross.  +  This  was  done  after  the  birth  of  our  Lord 
DCCCC.LXXII.,  the  king's  sixteenth  year. 

Then  the  abbot  Aldulf  bought  much  and  many  lands,  and 
then  largely  endowed  the  monastery  with  all  :  and  he  was 
there  so  long  as  until  the  archbishop  Oswald  of  York  was 
dead,  and  then  he  was  chosen  for  archbishop.  And  then  forth- 
with another  abbot  was  chosen  of  the  same  monastery,  who 
was  called  Kenulf,  who  was  afterwards  bishop  of  Winchester. 
And  he  first  made  the  walls  about  the  monastery;  then  gave  it 
for  name  *  Burch '  (Borough),  that  was  before  called  Medes- 
hamstede.  He  was  there  so  long  as  until  he  was  appointed 
bishop  of  Winchester.  Then  another  abbot  was  chosen  of  the 


1  The  Elfrida  of  the  Latin  chroniclers. 


96  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE. 

An.  DCCCC.LXVI.  In  this  year  Thored  Gunnar's  son  harried 
Westmoreland.  And  in  the  same  year  Oslac  obtained  an 
aldordom. 

An.  DCCCC.LXVII. 

An.  DCCCC.LXVIII.  In  this  year  king  Eadgar  commanded  all 
Thanet-land  to  be  ravaged. 

An.  DCCCC.LXIX.,  DCCCC.LXX. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXI.  In  this  year  died  archbishop  Oskytel :  he 
was  first  hallowed  suffragan  bishop  of  Dorchester,  and  after- 
wards, by  favour  of  king  Eadred  and  all  his  '  witan/  he  was 
hallowed  archbishop  of  York  ;  and  he  was  twenty-two  winters 
204.  bishop,  and  he  died  on  All- Hallows  mass-night  (Nov.  1st),  ten 
nights  before  Martinmas,  at  Thame  ;  and  abbot  Thurkytel,  his 
kinsman,  conveyed  the  bishop's  body  to  Bedford  ;  because  he 
was  then  at  that  time  abbot  there. 

225.  An.  DCCCC.LXXII.  (DCCCC.LXX.)  In  this  year  died  Eadmund 

setheling,  and  his  body  lies  at  Rumsey. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXIII. 

This  year  was  Eadgar,  hallow'd  king, 

of  Angles  ruler,  in  the  old  town 

in  a  great  assembly,  Akemansceaster  ; 


same  monastery,  who  was  called  ^Elfsi.  ^Elfsi  was  then  abbot 
fifty  winters  from  that  time.  He  took  up  St.  Kyneburh  and 
St.  Kyneswith,  who  lay  at  Castor,  and  St.  Tibba,  who  lay  at 
Ryhall,  and  brought  them  to  Burch,  and  offered  them  all  to  St. 
Peter  in  one  clay,  and  held  it  the  while  that  he  was  there.3 

An.  DCCCC.LXXII.  In  this  year  Eadgar  setheling  was  hallowed 
king,  on  the  mass-day  of  Pentecost,  on  the  vth  of  the  Ides  of 
May  (May  llth)  in  the  thirteenth  year  that  he  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom,  at  the  Hot-baths,  (that  is,  at  Bath)  ;  and  he  was  then 
thirty  years  old,  wanting  one.  And  forthwith  after  that,  the 
king  led  all  his  naval  force  to  Chester  ;  and  there  came  to  meet 
him  l  six  kings,  and  all  swore  fealty  to  him,  that  they  would 
be  his  co-operators  by  sea  and  by  land.b 

1  Eight,  according  to  Florence,  (A.  973),  who  gives  their  names;  so  also 
Malmesbury,  Wendover,  &c. 


*  E.,  and  a  Latin  copy  in  Cod.    |       b  D.  E.  ~F. 
Diplom.  in.  p.  92. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


97 


also  it  the  islanders, 

by  another  word, 

men,  name  Bath. 

There  was  great  bliss, 

on  that  happy  day, 

fall'n  upon  all, 

which  children  of  men 

name  and  call 

Pentecost's  day. 

There  was  of  priests  a  throng, 

a  great  band  of  monks, 

as  I  have  heard, 

of  sages,  gather'd  ; 

and  was  then  agone 

ten  hundred  winters, 

in  number  counted, 

from  the  birth-tide 

An.  DCCCC.LXXIV. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXV. 
Here  ended 
the  joys  of  earth 
Eadgar  of  Angles  king, 
chose  him  another  light, 
beauteous  and  winsome, 
and  left  this  frail, 
this  perishable,  life. 
Children  of  people  name, 
men  on  earth, 
the  month  everywhere 
in  this  land, 

those  who  erewhile  were 
in  the  art  of  numbers 
rightly  instructed, 
July  month, 
when  departed, 
on  the  eighth  day, 


of  the  glorious  King, 

light's  Guardian, 

save  that  there  yet  remaining 

was  of  winter-number,  226. 

from  what  writings  say, 

seven  and  twenty  ; 

so  nigh  of  the  victor  Lord  was 

a  thousand  run  out, 

when  this  befel ; 

and  himself,  Eadmund's 

offspring,  had 

nine  and  twenty 

(stern  against  works  of  evil) 

years  in  the  world, 

when  this  took  place, 

and  then,  in  the  thirtieth,  was 

sovereign  hallow'd. 


the  young  Eadgar  from  life, 

1  ring-giver  of  men  ; 

and  then  his  child  succeeded 

to  the  kingdom, 

a  babe  ungrown, 

prince  of  earls, 

whose  name  was  Eadwcard. 

And  a  glorious  man, 

ten  nights  before,  228. 

from  Britain  departed, 

the  *  bishop  good  *  of  Wells. 

through  natural  virtue, 

whose  name  was  Cyneweard. 

Then  was  in  Mercia, 

as  I  have  heard, 

widely  and  everywhere, 

the  Supreme  Ruler's  praise 


VOL.    IT. 


See  page  86,  note  2. 


98 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 


227. 


laid  low  on  earth  ; 

many  were  driven  away 

of  God's  sage  servants  : 

that  was  a  great  affliction, 

to  him  who  in  his  breast  bare 

a  burning  love 

of  the  Creator  in  his  mind. 

Then  the  Source  of  marvels 

too  greatly  was  despis'd, 

the  Lord  of  victories, 

Ruler  of  the  skies, 

when  his  right  was  violated ; 

and  then  was  eke  driven  away 

the  beloved  hero 

Oslac  from  the  land, 

over  the  billows'  roll, 

over  the  gannet's  bath, 

hoary -lock'd  hero, 

wise  and  eloquent, 

over  the  waters'  throng, 


o'er  the  whale's  country, 

of  home  bereft. 

And  then  appear'd, 

up  in  the  skies, 

a  star  in  its  station, 

which  strong- soul'd 

men,  sage-minded, 

widely  call 

comet  by  name, 

men  skill'd  in  arts, 

wise  interpreters. 

Throughout  mankind  was 

the  Ruler's  vengeance 

widely  proclaim'd, 

famine  o'er  the  earth  : 

that  again  heaven's  guardian, 

Lord  of  angels,  better'd, 

gave  again  bliss, 

to  each  isle-dweller 

through  the  fruits  of  earth. 


230. 


An.  DCCCC.LXXV.  The  vmth  of   the   Ides   of   July  (July 


8th). 

This  year  died  Eadgar, 
of  Angles  ruler, 
West  Saxons'  friend, 
and  Mercians'  protector. 
Widely  was  it  known, 
through  many  nations, 
that  Eadmund's  offspring, 
over  the  gannet's  bath, 
kings  remote 


greatly  honoured, 
to  the  king  submitted, 
as  to  him  was  fitting. 
Was  no  fleet  so  insolent, 
no  host  so  strong, 
that  in  the  Angle  race 
took  from  him  aught, 
the  while  the  noble  king 
rul'd  on  the  royal  seat.a 


An.  DCCCC.LXXV.  In  this  year  king  Eadgar  died,  and 
Eadward  his  son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  And  in  this 
same  year,  in  autumn,  the  star  cometa  appeared  ;  and  in  the 


D.  E. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  99 

An.  DCCCC.LXXVI.  Here  in  this  year  was  the  great  famine 
in  England. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXVII.  Here  was  the  great  mote  at  Kyrt- 
lington,  after  Easter  (April  8th)  ;  and  there  died  bishop 
Sideman,  by  sudden  death,  on  the  und  of  the  Kal.  of  May 
(April  30th).  He  was  bishop  of  Devonshire,  and  he  desired 
that  his  body's  resting-place  might  be  at  Credit-on,  at  his 
episcopal  see.  Then  commanded  king  Eadweard  and  arch- 
bishop Dunstan  that  he  should  be  conveyed  to  St.  Mary's 
monastery  that  is  at  Abingdon,  and  so  it  was  also  done  ;  and 
he  is  also  honourably  buried  on  the  north  side,  in  St.  Paul's 
porch.1 

An.  DCCCC.LXXVIII.  In  this  year  all  the  chief  'witan'  of         231 
the  Angle  race  fell  at  Calne  from  an  2  upper  floor,  except  the 
holy  archbishop  Dunstan,  who  alone  was  stayed  upon  a  beam  ; 
and  some  there  were  sorely  maimed,  and  some  did  not  escape 
with  life. 


following  year   came  a  very  great  famine,    and  very   many          229. 

troubles  over   the  Angle   race.*     And   .ZElfhere    commanded 

the  monasteries  to  be  demolished,  which  king  Eadgar   had 

before   commanded   the   holy   bishop    JEthelwold    to    found. 

And  at  that  time  also  was  Oslac  the  great  earl  expelled  from 

England.1* 

In  his  days,  whom  Eadgar  king  ere  order'd 

for  his  youth,  the  holy  bishop 

God's  adversaries  ^Ethelwold  to  establish. 

God's  law  brake  ;  And  widows  plunder'd, 

JElfhere  aldorman,  oft  and  frequently, 

and  others  many,  and  many  wrongs, 

and  monkish  rule  obstructed,       and  evil,  lawless  deeds, 

and  monasteries  destroy'd,  afterwards  arose  : 

and  monks  expel'd,  and  ever  afterwards 

and  God's  servants  persecuted,      it  greatly  grew  in  evil.* 


1  Here    ends    MS.    Cott.    Tiber.   I       2 "  de  solario  corruerunt."    Flor. 
A.  vi.  I  Wigorn. 


D.  E.  "  D.  E.  F. 


100  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

232, 233.  An.  DCCCC.LXXVIII.  (DCCCC.LXXix.)  In  this  year  king 
Eadweard  was  slain  [martyred],  and  JEthetred  aetheling,  his 
brother,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  ;  and  in  the  same  year  he 
was  hallowed  king.  In  that  year  died  bishop  Alfwold,  who 
siiovborne.  was  bishop  of  *  Dorset,  and  his  body  lies  in  the  monastery  at 
Sherborne. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXIX.  In  this  year  king  Eadweard  was  slain 
at  eventide,  at  Corfe-gate,  on  the  xvth  of  the  Kal.  of  April 
(Mar.  18th),  and  then  was  buried  at  Wareham,  without  any 
kingly  honour.  To  the  Angle  race  was  no  worse  deed  done 
than  this  was,  since  they  first  sought  Britain.  Men  murdered 
him,  but  God  him  glorified.  He  was  in  life  an  earthly  king  ; 
he  is  now,  after  death,  a  heavenly  saint.  Him  his  earthly 
kinsmen  would  not  avenge,  but  his  heavenly  Father  has  amply 
avenged  him.  The  earthly  murderers  would  his  memory  blot 
out  on  earth  ;  •  but  the  Avenger  above  has  spread  abroad  his 
memory  in  the  heavens  and  on  earth.  They  who  before 
234,  235.  would  not  to  his  living  body  bow,  now  humbly  bend  on  their 
knees  to  his  dead  bones.  Now  may  we  understand,  that  men's 
wisdom,  and  their  machinations,  and  their  counsels,  are  like 
naught  against  God's  decree.  Then  ^Ethelred  succeeded  to 
the  kingdom  ;  and  he  was  after  that,  very  quickly,  with  great 
joy  of  the  '  witan '  of  the  Angle  race,  hallowed  king  at 
Kingston.* 

Then  were  past  from  the  birth  of  Christ  four  hundred  and 
ninety-four  winters,  when  Cerdic  and  Cynric  his  son  arrived 
at  Ccrdices  ora  with  five  ships  ;  and  Cerdic  was  son  of  Elesa, 
Elesa  of  Esla,  Esla  of  Giwis,  Giwis  of  Wig,  Wig  of  Freawine, 
Freawine  of  Freothogar,  Freothogar  of  Brand,  Brand  of 
Baeldseg,  Baeldseg  of  Woden.  And  six  years  after  their  arrival, 
they  subdued  the  West  Saxons'  land  ;  and  they  were  the  first 
kings  that  took  the  West  Saxons'  land  from  the  Welsh  ;  and 
he  had  the  kingdom  sixteen  winters.  Then  he  departed,  and 
his  son  Cynric  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  twenty- 
six  winters.  When  he  departed,  Ceawlin  his  son  succeeded, 
and  held  it  seventeen  years.  When  he  departed,  Ceol  suc- 
ceeded to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  five  years.  When  he 

a  D.  E.  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  101 

An.  DCCCC.LXXIX.  Iii  this  year  JEthelred  was  hallowed 
king  at  Kingston,  on  the  Sunday,  fourteen  nights  after  Easter 
(Mar.  28th);  and  there  were  at  his  hallowing  two  archbishops, 
and  ten  suffragan  bishops.  In  the  same  year  was  seen  often- 
times a  bloody  cloud,  in  likeness  of  fire  ;  and  that  was  most 
apparent  at  midnight  ;  and  was  coloured  in  various  rays. 
Then  when  it  was  about  to  dawn,  it  glided  away. 


departed,  Ceolwulf  his  brother  succeeded,  and  reigned  seven- 
teen years  ;  and  their  kin  goes  to  Cerdic.  Then  Cynegils, 
Ceolwulf's  brother's  son,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and 
reigned  twenty  winters  ;  and  he  first  of  the  West  Saxons' 
kings  received  baptism.  And  then  Cenwalh  succeeded,  and 
held  it  thirty-one  winters.  Cenwalh  was  son  of  Cynegils. 
And  then  queen  Sexburh  held  the  kingdom  one  year  after 
him.  Then  ^Escwiue  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  whose  kin 
goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  two  years.  Then  Centwine  son  of 
Cynegils  succeeded  to  the  West  Saxons'  kingdom,  and  reigned 
nine  years.  Then  Ceadwalla  succeeded  to  the  kingdom, 
whose  kin  goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  three  years.  Then  Ine 
succeeded  to  the  West  Saxons'  kingdom,  whose  kin  goes  to 
Cerdic,  and  held  it  thirty-seven  winters.  Then  ./Ethclheard 
succeeded,  whose  kin  goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  sixteen 
years.  Then  Cuthred  succeeded,  whose  kin  goes  to  Cerdic, 
and  held  it  seventeen  winters.  Then  Sigebriht  succeeded, 
whose  kin  goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  one  year.  Then  Cyne- 
wulf  succeeded,  whose  kin  goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  thirty- 
one  winters.  Then  Brihtric  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  whose 
kin  goes  to  Cerdic,  and  held  it  sixteen  years.  Then  Ecgbriht 
succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  thirty-seven  winters 
and  seven  months.  Then  JEthehvulf  his  son  succeeded,  and 
held  it  eighteen  years  and  a  half.  ^Ethelwulf  was  son  of 
Ecgbriht,  Ecgbriht  of  Ealhmund,  Ealhmund  of  Eafa,  Eafa  of 
Eoppa,  Eoppa  of  Ingild,  Ingild  of  Cenred.  And  Ine  [was] 
son  of  Cenred,  and  Cuthburh  and  Cvrenburh  [were]  daughters 
of  Cenred.  Cenred  [was]  son  of  Ceohvald,  Ceolwald  of  Cuth- 
wulf,  Cuthwulf  of  CutliAvine,  Cuthwine  of  Celm,  Celm  of 
Cynric,  Cyuric  of  Creoda,  Creoda  of  Cerdic.  And  then 
^Ethelbald  his  son  succeeded,  and  held  it  five  years.  Then 
yEthelbriht  his  brother  succeeded,  and  held  it  five  years, 


102 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  of  the  New 
Monastery. 


An.  DCCCC.LXXX.  In  this  year  *  abbot  JEthelgar  was  hal- 
lowed bishop,  on  the  vith  of  the  Nones  of  May  (May  2nd),  of 
the  episcopal  see  of  Selsey.  And  in  the  same  year  South- 
ampton was  ravaged  by  a  naval  force,  and  most  of  the  towns- 
folk slain  or  captured.  And  in  the  same  year  Thanet-land 
was  ravaged.  And  in  the  same  year  Cheshire  was  ravaged 
by  a  North  naval  force.  In  this  year  St.  Dunstan  and  the 
aldorman  Alfhere  fetched  the  body  of  the  holy  king  St. 
Eadweard  from  Wareham,  and  conveyed  it  with  great  honour 
to  Shaftesbury. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXI.  In  this  year  was  Padstow  ravaged ;  and 
in  the  same  year  great  harm  was  done  everywhere  by  the 
sea-coast,  both  in  Devonshire  and  in  Wales.  And  in  the 
same  year  died  'JElfstan,  bishop  of  Wiltshire,  and  his  body 
lies  in  the  monastery  at  Abingdon  ;  and  Wulfgar  then  suc- 
*  of  St.  Peter's,  ceeded  to  the  bishopric.  And  in  the  same  year  died  *  abbot 
Womser  at  Ghent. 


[Then  JEthered  his  brother  succeeded  to  the  kingdom  and 
held  it  five  years.]  Then  JElfred  their  brother  succeeded  to 
[the  kingdom  ;  and  then  had  passed  three -and- twenty  winters 
of  his  age,  and  three  hundred  and  ninety-six  winters  from 
the  time  that  his  kin  first  subdued  the  West  Saxons'  land  in 
Britain  ;]  and  held  it  a  year  and  a  half  less  than  thirty 
winters.  Then  succeeded  Eadweard  son  of  JElfred,  and  held 
it  thirty-four  years.  When  he  departed,  ^Ethelstan  his  son 
succeeded,  and  held  it  fourteen  years,  and  seven  weeks,  and 
three  days.  Then  Eadmund  his  brother  succeeded,  and  held 
it  six  years  and  a  half,  less  two  nights.  Then  Eadred  his 
brother  succeeded,  and  held  it  nine  years  and  six  weeks. 
Then  Eadwig,  son  of  king  Eadmund,  succeeded,  and  held  it 
three  years  and  thirty-six  weeks,  less  two  days.  When  he 
departed,  his  brother  Eadgar  succeeded,  and  held  it  sixteen 
years,  and  eight  weeks,  and  two  nights.  When  he  departed, 
Eadweard,  Eadgar's  son,  succeeded,  and  held  *  *  *  *  a 


1  See  Flor.  Wigorn.  i.  p.  147,  note. 


MS.  Cott.  Tiber.  A.  m. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


103 


An.  DCCCC.LXXXII.  In  this  year  arrived  in  Dorsetshire  three 
ships  of  vikings,  and  ravaged  in  Portland.  In  the  same  year  236,  237, 
London  was  burnt  ;  and  in  the  same  year  died  two  aldormen, 
JEthelmser  in  Hampshire,  and  Eadwine  in  Sussex  ;  and 
JEthelmser's  body  lies  in  the  New  Monastery  at  Winchester, 
and  Eadwine's  in  the  monastery  at  Abingdon.  In  the  same 
year  died  two  abbesses  in  Dorsetshire,  Herelufu  at  Shaftes- 
bury,  and  Wulfwin  at  Wareham,  And  in  the  same  year  Otho, 
emperor  of  the  Romans,  went  to  Greece  ;  and  then  met  he  a 
great  army  of  the  Saracens  coming  up  from  the  sea,  and 
would  go  on  a  plundering  expedition  upon  the  Christian  folk. 
And  then  the  emperor  fought  against  them,  and  there  was  a 
great  slaughter  made  on  each  side,  and  the  emperor  had 
possession  of  the  place  of  carnage  ;  and  nevertheless  he  was 
greatly  exhausted  before  he  departed  thence  ;  and  as  he 
homeward  went,  his  brother's  son  died,  who  was  called  Otho  j 
and  he  was  son  of  Liudolf  the  a3theling  ;  and  Liudolf  was  son 
of  the  old  Otho  and  of  the  daughter  of  king  *  Eadweard.  *  the  Elder. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXIII.  In  this  year  died  ^Elfhere  aldorman, 
and  ^Elfric  succeeded  to  the  same  *  aldormanship.     And  pope  "ofMercia. 
Benedict  died. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXIV.  In  this  year  died  ^Ethelwold,  the 
benevolent  bishop  of  Winchester,  father  of  monks,  on  the 
Kal.  of  August  (Aug.  1st)  ;  and  the  hallowing  of  the  following 
bishop,  -ZElfheah,  who  by  another  name  was  called  Godwine, 
was  on  the  xiinth  of  the  Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  19th)  ;  and 
he  took  possession  of  the  episcopal  chair  at  Winchester,  on 
the  mass-day  of  the  two  apostles  Simon  and  Jude. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXV.  In  this  year  JElfric  aldorman  was  driven 
from    the   country.     And   in  the    same   year   Eadwine    was     238» 239- 
hallowed  abbot  of  the  monastery  at  Abingdon. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXVI.  In  this  year  the  king  laid  waste  the 
bishopric  of  Rochester.  In  this  year  first  came  the  great 
murrain  among  the  cattle  into  England. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXVII. 

An.  DCCCC.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  Watchet  was  ravaged, 
and  Goda,  the  Devonshire  thane,  slain,  and  with  him  great 
slaughter  made.  And  in  this  year  died  the  holy  archbishop 
Dunstan,  and  passed  to  the  heavenly  life  ;  and  after  him 
*  bishop  JEthelgar  succeeded  to  the  archiepiscopal  chair  ;  and  *  of  Selsey. 
little  while  afterwards  lived,  only  one  year  and  three  months. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 


An.  DC  \  X. 

An.:  •  In  this  year  Sigeric  was  hallowed  *archbishop. 

and  afterw  ;t  to  Koine  after  his  pall.  And  *  abbot 

Eadwine  died,  and  abbot  Wulfgar  succeeded  to  the  dignity. 

An,  DOCCV.xci.  In  this  year  Ipswich  was  sacked  ;  and  very 
speedily  after  that,  the  nldorman  Brihtnoth  was  slain  at 
Maldon.  And  in  that  year  it  was  first  decreed  that  tribute 
should  be  paid  to  the  Danish  men,  on  account  of  the  great 
terror  which  they  caused  by  the  sea-coast:  that  was  at  iirst 
ten  thousand  pounds.  That  counsel  first  advised  archbishop 
Sigeric. 

An.  DCCCC.xcii.  In  this  year  the  holy  *  archbishop  Oswald 
left  this,  and  passed  to  the  heavenly,  life  ;  and  the  aldorman 
JEthelwine  died  in  the  same  year.  Then  the  king  and  all 
his  'witan'  decreed,  that  all  the  ships  that  were  of  any  worth 
should  be  gathered  at  London.  And  the  king  then  committed 
the  leading  of  the  force  to  the  aldorman  JElfric  and  to  the 
earl  Thored.  to  *  bishop  ./Elfstan,  and  to  +  bishop  xEscwig  ; 
and  they  -were  to  try  whether  they  might  anywhere  abroad 
WO,  241.  entrap  the  army.  Then  sent  the  aldorman  JElfric,  and  bade 
the  army  take  warning  ;  and  then  in  the  night  when  they 
should  have  encountered  in  the  day,  he  departed  by  night 
from  the  force,  to  his  great  disgrace  ;  and  the  army  then 
escaped,  except  one  ship,  the  crew  of  which  was  there  slain. 
And  then  the  army  met  the  -hips  from  East  Anglia,  and  from 
London,  and  they  there  made  a  great  slaughter,  and  took  the 
ship,  all  armed  and  equipped,  in  which  the  aldorman  had  been. 


An.  DCCCC.XCII.  In  this  year  died  the  blessed  archbishop 
Oswald,  and  'abbot  Eadulf  succeeded  to  York  and  to  AVoi •- 
oester.  And  in  this  year  the  king  and  all  his  '  witan  '  decreed 
that  all  the  ships  which  were  of  any  worth  should  be  gathered 
at  London,  in  order  that  it  might  be  tried  whether  they  might 
anywhere  without  entrap  the  army.  But  the  aldorman 
-3£lfric,  one  of  those  in  whom  the  king  had  the  greatest  trust. 
bade  the  army  take  warning,  and  in  the  night,  when  on  the 
morrow  they  should  have  engaged,  the  self-same  ^Elfric  fled 
from  the  force,  and  the  army  then  escaped.* 


THE   AXGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


105 


And  then,  after  the  death  of  archbishop  Oswald,  abbot  Ealdolf 
of  Peterborough  succeeded  to  the  see  of  York,  and  to  that 

rcester  ;  and  Kenulf  to  the  abbacy  at  Peterborough. 
An.  Dcccc.xcin.  In  this  year  Bamboroagh  was  stormed, 
and  a  great  booty  there  taken.  And  after  that  the  army  cane 
to  the  month  of  the  Homber,  and  there  wrought  great  eviL 
both  in  Lindsey  and  in  Xorthumbria.  Then  a  very  great  force 
was  gathered  ;  and  when  they  should  hare  engaged,  then 
leaders  the  first  took  to  flight  :  they  were  Fraena,  and  God- 
and  Frythegyst.  In  this  year  the  king  commanded 
r,  son  of  the  aldonnan  JEifric,  to  be  blinded. 
An.  DCCCC.XCIV.  In  this  year  came  *  CHaf  (Anlaf)  and 
-  in  to  London,  on  the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  8th), 
with  ninety-four  ships,  and  then  they  were  obstinately  fighting 
against  the  town,  and  would  also  have  set  it  on  fire.  But 
they  there  sustained  more  harm  and  evil  than  they  ever 
weened  that  any  townsmen  could  do  to  them.  For  the  holy 
mother  of  God,  on  that  day,  manifested  her  mercy  to  the 
townsmen,  and  delivered  them  from  their  foes.  Ajid  they 
then  went  thence,  and  wrought  the  greatest  evil  that  ever 
any  army  could  do,  in  burning,  and  harrying,  and  in  man- 
slayings,  as  well  by  the  sea-coast,  as  in  Essex,  and  in  Kent, 


An.  DCCCC.XCIII.  *  In  this  year  came  *  Olaf  with  nil 
three  ships  to  Siaines,  and  harried  without  it  ;  and  then  went 
thence  to  Sandwich,  and  so  thence  to  Ipswich,  and  ravaged 
all  over  it ;  and  so  to  Maiden  ;  and  the  aldonnan  Brihtnoth 
came  against  him  with  his  force,  and  fought  against  him  ; 
and  they  there  slew  the  aldonnan,  and  had  possession  of  the 
place  of  carnage.  And  after  that,  peace  was  made  with  him  ; 
and  the  king  afterwards  received  him  at  the  bishop's  hand, 
through  the  instruction  of  Sigeric,  bishop  of  the  Kentish 
people,  and  JElf  heah  of  Winchester.* 


242,2 


1  Olaf  Try  ggrason,  king  of  Nor- 
way. 


King  of  Denmark, 


*  The  exeats  acre  noticed  belong 
to  the  years  991  and  994  of  tfce 
text.— RP. 


106 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


and  in  Sussex,  and  in  Hampshire.  And  at  last  they  took 
1  lie-in  horses,  and  rode  as  far  as  they  would,  and  were  doing 
unspeakable  evil.  Then  the  king  and  his  '  witan  '  resolved 
that  they  should  be  sent  to,  and  promised  tribute  and  food, 
provided  that  they  would  cease  from  ravaging ;  and  they  then 
accepted  that.  And  all  the  army  then  came  to  Southampton, 
and  there  took  winter-quarters  ;  and  there  they  were  fed 
from  all  the  realm  of  the  West  Saxons,  and  they  were  paid 
sixteen  thousand  pounds  of  money,  Then  the  king  sent 
bishop  -ZElfheah  and  the  aldorman  JEthelweard  after  king 
Olaf ;  and  the  while  hostages  were  given  to  the  ships  ;  and 
they  then  led  Olaf  with  great  worship  to  the  king  at  Andover. 
And  king  JEthelred  received  him  at  the  bishop's  hand,  and 
royally  gifted  him.  And  Olaf  then  promised  him,  as  he  also 
fulfilled,  that  he  would  never  again  come  with  hostility  to 
England. 

An.  DCCCC.XCV.  In  this  year  appeared  cometa  the  star  ;  and 
*  of  Canterbury.  *  archbishop  Sigeric  died  ;  and  JElfric,  bishop  of  Wiltshire,  was 
chosen  on  Easter  day  (Apr.  21st)  by  king  JEthelred  and  by  all 
his  '  witan.'  This  JElfric  was  a  very  wise  man,  so  that  there 
was  no  more  sagacious  man  in  England.  Then  went  JElfric 
to  his  archiepiscopal  see,  and  when  he  came  thither,  he  was 
received  by  those  men  in  orders,  who  of  all  were  most  dis- 
tasteful to  him,  that  was,  by  clerks.1 


*  Canterbury, 

*  Beda,  i.  20. 


1  And  forthwith  he  sent  for  all  the  wisest  men  that  he  any- 
where knew  of,  and  in  like  manner,  the  old  men,  who  were 
able  to  say  the  truest  how  everything  was  in  this  land  in  the 
days  of  their  forefathers,  besides  what  he  himself  had  learned 
in  books  and  from  wise  men.  Very  old  men  then  told  him, 
both  ecclesiastical  and  lay,  that  their  parents  had  told  them 
how  it  had  been  by  law  established,  soon  after  St.  Augustine 
came  to  this  land.  "  When  Augustine  had  obtained  the  episco- 
pal see  in  the  *  town,  then  he  was  archbishop  over  all  king 
.^Ethelberht's  kingdom,  as  is  read  in  *  Historia  Anglorum  .  . 

.  .  .  make  a  see  by  the  king's  aid  in was  begun  by 

the  old  Romans,  and  to  sprout  forth.  In  that  company  the 
foremost  were  Mellitus,  Justus,  Paulinus,  Rufiauus.  By  these 
the  blessed  pope  sent  a  pall,  and  therewith  a  letter,  and  direc- 
-ion  how  he  should  hallow  a  bishop,  and  in  which  places  in 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  107 

An.  DCCCC.XCVI.  Iii  this   year  ^Clfric  was  hallowed  arch-      244,  245. 
bishop  at  Christchurch.      In  this  year  Wulfstan  was  ordained 
bishop  of  London. 

An.  DCCCC.XCVII.  In  this  year  the  army  went  about  Devon-  246,  247. 
shire  into  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  and  there  harried,  as  well 
in  Cornwall  as  in  North  Wales  and  in  Devonshire  ;  and  then 
landed  at  Watchet,  and  there  wrought  great  evil  in  burning 
and  in  man-slayings  ;  and  after  that  returned  round  the  Laud's 
End,  on  the  south  side,  and  wended  into  the  mouth  of  the 
Tamar,  and  then  went  up  until  they  came  to  Lidford,  and 
burnt  and  slew  everything  they  found  ;  and  burned  Ordulf's 
monastery  at  Tavistock,  and  brought  unspeakable  booty  with 
them  to  their  ships.  In  this  year  archbishop  ^Elfric  went  to 
Rome  after  his  arch-pall. 


Britain  he  should  set  them.  And  to  the  king  ...  he  sent 
letters  and  may  temporal  gifts  of  various  things.  And  the 
churches  which  they  had  prepared  he  ordered  to  be  hallowed 
in  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  St.  Mary  ;  and  for 
himself  and  all  his  after-followers  he  should  there  fix  a 
dwelling-place  ;  and  that  he  should  place  therein  men  of  the 
same  order  that  he  had  sent  to  the  land  thither,  and  of  which 
he  himself  was ;  and  also  that  each man  of  monk- 
ish order  who  should  occupy  the  archiepiscopal  chair  at 
Canterbury  ;  and  that  should  be  ever  observed  by  God's  leave 
and  blessing,  and  by  St.  Peter's,  and  by  all  theirs  who  come  after 
him.  When  this  deputation  came  again  to  king  JEthelberht 
and  to  Augustine,  they  were  very  joyful  through  such  indica- 
tion. And  the  archbishop  then  hallowed  the  monastery  in  the 
name  of  Christ  and  St.  Mary,  on  the  day  which  is  called  the 
mass-day  of  the  two  martyrs,  Primus  and  Felicianus  ( Juu.  9th), 
and  therein  placed  monks,  all  as  St.  Gregory  commanded. 
And  they  performed  God's  service  purely  j  and  from  the  same 

monks  were  taken  bishops  for  every as  thou 

mayest  read  in  *  Historia  Anglorum."     Then  was  archbishop  *  Beda,  n.  3. 
JElfric  very  joyful  that  he  had  so  many  witnesses  who  stood 
best  at  that  time  with  the  king.      Besides,  the  same  '  witan,' 

who  were  with  the  archbishop,  said  :    "  Thus  also  we 

have  continued  monks  at  Christ-church,  in  Augustine's  day, 
and  in  Laurentius',  Mellitus',  Justus',  Honorius',  Deusdedit's, 


108  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  DCCCC.XCVIII.  In  this  year  the  army  again  wended  east- 
ward into  the  mouth  of  the  Frome,  and  everywhere  there 
went  up  as  far  as  they  would  into  Dorsetshire.  And  a  great 
force  was  often  gathered  against  them  ;  but  as  soon  as  they 
should  come  together,  then  was  there  ever,  through  something, 
flight  determined  on  ;  and  in  the  end  they  ever  had  the  victory. 
And  then  another  while  they  quartered  themselves  in  Wight, 
248,  249.  }inci  provisioned  themselves  the  while  from  Hampshire  and 
from  Sussex. 


Theodore's,  Briht wold's,  Tatwine's,  Nothelm's,  Cuthberht's, 
Bregwine's,  lanberht's,  ....  .ZEthelheard's,  Wulfred's,  Felo- 
gild's.  But  the  (first)  year,  when  Ceolnoth  came  to  the  arch- 
bishopric, there  was  such  a  mortality,  that  in  Christchurch 
there  remained  but  five  monks.  In  all  his  time  there  was 
strife  and  sorrow  in  this  land,  so  that  no  man  could  think 

about  anything  but Now,  thanks  to  God,  it  is  in  this 

king's  power,  and  in  thine,  whether  they  may  longer  be  there 
within  ;  because  they  might  never  better  be  brought  thereout 
than  they  may  now  be,  if  it  be  the  king's  will  and  thine."  The 
archbishop  then,  without  any  letting,  went  with  these  men 
anon  to  the  king,  and  made  known  to  him  all  as  we  have  here 
before  told.  Then  was  the  king  very  joyful  at  this  tiding, 
and  said  to  the  archbishop  and  to  the  others  :  "  It  seems  to 
me  advisable  that  thou  first  of  all  things  shouldst  go  to  Rome 
after  thy  [pall,  and]  that  thou  make  known  all  this  to  the 
pope  ;  and  afterwards  proceed  by  his  counsel."  And  they 
all  answered,  that  that  was  the  best  counsel.  When  (the 
clerks)  heard  this,  they  advised  that  they  should  take  two 
from  themselves  and  send  to  the  pope,  and  should  offer  him 
great  treasure  and  silver,  on  condition  that  he  should  give 
them  the  arch-pall.  But  when  they  came  to  Rome,,  the  pope 
would  not  do  that,  because  they  had  brought  no  letter,  either 
from  the  king  or  from  the  people,  and  commanded  them  to  go 
where  they  would.  As  (soon)  as  the  clerks  had  gone  thence, 
came  the  archbishop  ^Elfric  to  Rome,  and  the  pope  received 
him  with  great  worship,  and  commanded  him  on  the  morrow 
to  celebrate  mass  at  St.  Peter's  altar  ;  and  the  pope  himself 
put  on  him  his  own  pall,  and  greatly  honoured  him.  When 
this  was  done,  the  archbishop  began  to  tell  the  pope  all  about 
the  clerks,  how  it  had  fared,  and  how  they  were  within  the 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  109 

An.  DCCCC.XCIX.  In  this  year  the  army  again  came  about 
into  the  Thames,  and  then  went  up  along  the  Medway,  and  to 
Rochester.  And  then  the  Kentish  force  came  against  them, 
and  they  stoutly  engaged  together,  but  alas  !  that  they  too 
quickly  gave  way  and  fled  ;  because  they  had  not  the  support 
which  they  should  have  had.  And  the  Danish  had  possession 
of  the  place  of  carnage  ;  and  then  took  horses  and  rode 
whithersoever  they  themselves  would,  and  ruined  and  plun- 
dered almost  all  the  West  Kentish.  Then  the  king  with  his 
*  witan '  resolved  that  they  should  be  opposed  with  a  naval 
force,  and  also  with  a  land  force.  But  when  the  ships  were 
ready,  then  they  delayed  from  day  to  day,  and  harassed  the 
poor  people  who  lay  in  the  ships  ;  and  ever  as  it  should  be 
forwarder,  so  was  it  later,  from  one  time  to  another  ;  and  ever 
they  let  their  foes'  army  increase,  and  ever  they  receded  from 
the  sea,  and  ever  they  went  forth  after  them.  And  then  in  the 
end  neither  the  naval  force  nor  the  land  force  was  productive 
of  anything  but  the  people's  distress,  and  a  waste  of  money, 
and  the  emboldening  of  their  foes. 


monastery  at  his  archbishopric.  And  the  pope  in  return  re- 
lated to  him  how  the  priests  had  come  to  him,  and  offered 
great  treasure,  on  condition  that  he  would  give  them  the  pall. 
u  But,"  said  the  pope,  "  go  now  to  England  again,  with  God's 
blessing,  and  St.  Peter's,  and  mine,  and  when  thou  comest 
home,  put  into  thy  monastery  men  of  that  order  which  the 
blessed  Gregory  commanded  Augustine  therein  to  place,  by 
God's  command,  and  St.  Peter's,  and  mine."  The  archbishop 
then  with  this  returned  to  England.  As  soon  as  he  came 
home,  he  occupied  his  archiepiscopal  chair,  and  afterwards 
went  to  the  (king)  :  and  the  king  and  all  his  people  thanked 
God  for  his  return,  and  that  he  had  so  succeeded  as  was  most 
pleasing  to  all.  He  then  went  again  to  Canterbury,  and  drove 
the  clerks  out  of  the  monastery,  and  therein  placed  monks,  all 
as  the  pope  had  commanded  him.a  1 

1  For  the  Latin  of  the  foregoing,  see  vol.  i.  p.  245. 


F. 


110  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 

An.  M.    In  this  year  the  king  went  to  Cumberland,   and 

ravaged  it  very  nigh  all.      And  his   ships  went  out    about 

Chester,  and  should  have  come  to  meet  him,  but  they  could 

not  :  they  then  ravaged  Man.     And  the  hostile  fleet  was  this 

Normandy.       summer  gone  to  *  Richard's  dominions. 

An.  M.I.  In  this  year  the  army  came  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Ex,  and  then  went  up  to  the  town,  and  were  there  stoutly 
250,251.  lighting;  but  they  were  very  firmly  and  boldly  withstood. 
They  then  went  over  the  land,  and  did  as  was  their  wont, 
slew  and  burned.  Then  was  collected  an  immense  force  of 
the  Devonshire  people,  and  of  the  Somersetshire  people ;  and 
they  then  came  together  at  Penhoe.  And  as  soon  as  they 
came  together  the  people  gave  ground ;  and  they  there 
made  great  slaughter,  and  then  rode  over  the  land  :  and 
ever  was  their  last  incursion  worse  than  the  preceding  ;  and 
they  then  brought  great  booty  with  them  to  their  ships. 
And  thence  they  went  to  Wight,  and  there  went  about  as  they 
themselves  would;  and  nothing  withstood  them;  nor  durst 
approach  them  a  naval  force  by  sea,  nor  a  land  force,  went 
they  ever  so  far  up.  It  was  then  in  every  wise  sad,  because 
they  never  ceased  from  their  evil.1 


1  An.  M.I.  In  this  year  there  was  much  hostility  in  the  land 
of  the  Angle  race  through  the  naval  force,  and  everywhere 
they  harried  and  burned,  so  that  in  one  course  they  went  for- 
ward until  they  came  to  .^Ethelinga  dene  (Alton  ?)  ;  and  then 
came  there  against  them  the  men  of  Hampshire,  and  fought 
against  them.  And  there  were  ^Ethelweard  the  king's  high 
reeve  slain,  and  Leofric  of  Whitchurch,  and  Leofwine  the 
king's  high  reeve,  and  Wulfhere  the  bishop's  thane,  and  G-od- 
wine  of  Worthy,  bishop  JElfsige's  son,  and  of  all  the  men  one 
and  eighty  ;  and  of  the  Danish  many  more  were  slain,  though 
they  had  possession  of  the  place  of  carnage.  And  then  they 
went  thence  west  until  they  came  to  Devonshire,  and  there 
came  Pallig  to  meet  them  with  the  ships  that  he  could 
gather  ;  because  he  had  fled  from  king  ^Ethelred,  against  all 
the  assurances  which  he  had  given  him  :  and  the  king  had 
also  well  gifted  him  with  vills,  and  with  gold  and  silver.  And 
they  burned  Teignton,  and  also  many  other  good  vills  which 
we  cannot  name  ;  and  peace  was  afterwards  there  made  with 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


Ill 


252,  253. 


An.  M.II.  In  this  year  the  king  and  his  '  witan  '  resolved 
that  tribute  should  be  paid  to  the  fleet,  and  peace  made  with 
them,  on  condition  that  they  should  cease  from  their  evil. 
Then  the  king  sent  the  aldorman  Leofsige  to  the  fleet,  and  he, 
according  to  the  word  of  the  king  and  his  *  witan,'  settled  a 
peace  with  them,  and  that  they  should  receive  food  and 
tribute.  And  that  they  then  accepted,  and  were  then  paid 
twenty-four  thousand  pounds.  Then  in  the  meanwhile  the 
aldorman  Leofsige  slew  ^Efic  the  king's  high  reeve,  and  the 
king  banished  him  from  the  country.  And  then  in  the  same 
autumn  came  the  lady,  *Kichard's  daughter,  Emma  ^Elfgifu,  *™il(l11\t  of  Nor- 
hither  to  land  ;  and  in  the  same  summer  *  archbishop  Ealdulf  *  Of  York. 
died.  And  in  that  year  the  king  commanded  all  the  Danish 
men  who  were  in  England  to  be  slain.  This  was  done  on  the 
mass-day  of  St.  Bricius  ;  because  it  had  been  made  known 
to  the  king,  that  they  would  plot  against  his  life,  and  after- 
wards those  of  all  his  '  witan  ;'  and  then  have  his  realm 
without  any  gainsaying. 

An.  M.III.  In  this  year  Exeter  was  taken  by  storm,  through 
the  French  *  count  Hugo,  whom  the  *  lady  had  appointed  her  *  comes,  Fl. 
reeve  ;  and  the  army  then  totally  ruined  the  town,  and  took 
great  booty  there.      And  in  the  same  year  the  army  went  up 
into  Wiltshire.      Then  was  gathered  a  very  large  force  from 


them.  And  then  they  went  thence  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ex, 
so  that  they  went  up,  in  one  course,  until  they  came  to 
Penhoe ;  and  there  were  Kola  the  king's  high  reeve,  and 
Eadsige  the  king's  reeve,  opposed  to  them  with  the  force 
which  they  could  gather  :  and  they  were  there  put  to  flight, 
and  many  were  there  slain,  and  the  Danish  had  possession  of 
the  place  of  carnage.  And  the  morning  they  burned  the  vill 
at  Penhoe  and  at  Clist,  and  also  many  good  vills  which  we 
cannot  name  ;  and  then  went  again  eastward,  until  they  came 
to  Wight  ;  and  the  morning  after,  they  burned  the  vill  at 
Waltham,  and  many  other  hamlets  ;  and  soon  after  this  they 
were  treated  with  and  made  peace.a 


A.  W. 


112  THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

Wiltshire  and  from  Hampshire,  and  very  unanimously  marched 
towards  the  army.  Then  should  the  aldorman  ^Elfric  have 
led  the  force  ;  but  he  drew  forth  his  old  artifices  ;  as  soon  as 
they  were  so  near  that  one  army  could  look  on  the  other,  he 
feigned  himself  sick,  and  began  retching  to  vomit,  and  said 
that  he  was  sick,  and  so  turned  back  (deceived)  the  people 
that  he  should  have  led  ;  as  it  is  said  :  «  When  the  leader  is 
faint-hearted,  there  will  all  the  army  be  greatly  hindered.' 
When  Svein  saw  that  they  were  not  unanimous,  and  that  they 
all  dispersed  themselves,  he  led  his  army  to  Wilton,  and  they 
plundered  and  burned  the  town  ;  and  he  went  thence  to 
Sarum,  and  thence  again  went  to  the  sea,  where  he  knew  his 
waye-Jijca^es  were. 

/  An.  M.IVJ  In  this  year  Svein  came  with  his  fleet  to  Nor- 
wich, and  plundered  and  burned  all  that  town.  Then  Ulfkytcl 
with  the  *  witan '  of  East  Anglia  resolved,  that  it  were  better 
that  peace  should  be  purchased  of  the  army,  before  they  did 
over  much  harm  in  the  country  ;  because  they  had  come 
unawares,  and  he  had  not  had  time  that  he  might  gather  his 
force.  Then  during  the  peace  which  should  have  been 
between  them,  the  army  stole  up  from  their  ships,  and  wended 
their  way  to  Thetford.  When  Ulfkytel  perceived  that,  he 
sent  to  have  the  ships  hewn  in  pieces  ;  but  they  whom  he 
trusted  in  failed  him,  and  he  then  secretly  gathered  his  force, 
as  he  best  might.  And  the  army  then  came  to  Thetford 
within  three  weeks  from  the  time  of  their  having  before  plun- 
dered Norwich,  stfift.  were  one  night  there  within,  and  plun- 
dered and  burned  the  town.  And  then  in  the  morning,  when 
they  would  go  to  their  ships,  came  Ulfkytel  with  his  army, 
that  they  might  there  engage  together ;  and  they  there 
together  stoutly  engaged,  and  a  great  slaughter  was  made  on 
each  side.  There  were  the  chief  of  the  East  Angles'  folk 
slain  ;  but  if  the  full  power  had  been  there,  they  would  never 
again  have  gone  to  their  ships  ;  as  they  themselves  said,  that 
they  never  met  with  a  worse  hand-play  in  England  than  Ulf- 
kytel had  brought  them. 

An.  M.V.  In  this  year  was  the  great  famine  throughout 
England,  such  that  no  man  ever  before  remembered  one  so 
destructive.  And  the  fleet  went  this  year  from  this  country 
to  Denmark,  and  let  be  but  a  little  space  until  it  came  again. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


113 


An.  M.VI.  In  this  year  died  *archbishop  ^Elfric,  and  after  *  of  Canterbury. 
him  .^Elfheah  succeeded  to  the  archbishopric,  and  bishop 
Brihtwold  succeeded  to  the  *bishopric  of  Wiltshire.  And  in  *  Shcrborne. 
the  same  year  from  Wulfgeat  was  all  his  property  taken  ;  and 
Wulfeah  and  Ufegeat  were  blinded,  and  the  aldorman  ^Ifelm  255, 257. 
was  slain ;  and  *  bishop  Kenulf  died.  And  then  after  Mid-  *  Of  winton. 
summer  came  the  great  fleet  to  Sandwich,  and  did  all  as  was 
before  their  wont,  harried,  and  burned,  and  slew  as  they  went. 
Then  the  king  commanded  all  the  population  of  Wessex  and  of 
Mercia  to  be  called  out ;  and  they  then  lay  all  the  autumn  in 
readiness  against  the  army  ;  but  it  came  to  naught  more  than 
it  had  often  done  before.  But  for  all  this  the  army  went  as 
itself  would  ;  and  the  armament  did  every  harm  to  the  country 
people  ;  so  that  neither  did  good  to  them,  neither  the  in-army 
nor  the  out-army.  When  winter  drew  nigh,  the  force  went 
home,  and  the  army  then  came  after  St.  Martin's  mass 
(Nov.  llth)  to  their  asylum  in  Wiht,  and  procured  everywhere 
there  what  they  required.  And  then  at  Midwinter  they  went 
to  their  ready  quarters,  out  through  Hampshire  into  Berkshire 
to  Reading  :  and  they  did  according  to  their  old  wont,  kindled 
their  war-beacons  as  they  went.  They  then  went  to  Wal- 
lingford,  and  burned  it  all  down  ;  and  were  then  one  night  at 
Cholsey,  and  then  went  along  Ashdown  to  Cwichelms  hlcew 
(Cuckamsley  hill),  and  there  tarried  out  of  threatening 
vaunt,  because  it  had  often  been  said,  if  they  came  to  Cwic- 
helms hloew,  they  would  never  go  to  the  sea.  They  then  went 
home  by  another  way.  A  force  was  then  assembled  at  Kennet, 
and  they  there  engaged  together,  and  they  soon  brought  that 
army  to  flight,  and  then  conveyed  their  booty  to  the  sea.  But 
there  might  the  people  of  Winchester  see  an  insolent  and 
fearless  army,  as  they  went  by  their  gate  to  the  sea,  and 
fetched  them  food  and  treasures  over  fifty  miles  from  the  sea. 
The  king  had  then  gone  over  the  Thames  into  Shropshire,  and 
there  taken  his  abode  in  the  Midwinter's  tide.  Then  was  258,259. 
there  so  great  awe  of  the  army,  that  no  one  could  think  or 
devise  how  they  should  be  driven  from  the  country,  or  this 


An.  M.VI.  In  this  year  JElfheah  was  hallowed  archbishop.a 


VOL.  II. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

country  held  against  them  ;  because  they  had  cruelly  marked 
every  shire  in  Wessex  with  burning  and  with  harrying.  The 
king  then  began  with  his  'witan'  earnestly  to  consider  what 
might  seem  most  advisable  to  them  all,  so  that  this  country 
might  be  protected,  ere  it  was  totally  fordone.  The  king  then 
and  his  'witan'  decreed,  for  the  behoof  of  all  the  nation, 
although  it  was  hateful  to  them  all,  that  they  must  of  necessity 
pay  tribute  to  the  army.  Then  the  king  sent  to  the  army, 
and  commanded  it  to  be  made  known  to  them,  that  he  desired 
that  there  should  be  peace  between  them,  and  that  tribute 
should  be  paid,  and  food  given  them.  And  they  then  accepted 
all  that ;  and  then  they  were  provisioned  from  throughout  the 
English  nation. 

An.  M.VII.  In  this  year  the  tribute  was  paid  to  the  army  : 
that  was  six  and  thirty  thousand  pounds.  In  this  year  also 
was  Eadric  set  as  aldorman  over  the  Mercians'  kingdom.  In 
this  year  bishop  ^Elfeah  went  to  Rome  after  his  pall. 

An.  M.VIII.  In  this  year  the  king  commanded  that  ships 
should  be  strenuously  built  over  all  England :  that  is  to  wit, 
from  three  hundred  and  ten  hides  one  'long  ship;  and  from 
eight  hides,  a  helmet  and  corselet. 

An.  M.IX.  In  this  year  the  ships,  about  which  we  before 
spoke,  were  ready  ;  and  there  were  so  many  of  them  as  never 
before,  from  what  books  tell  us,  had  been  in  England  in  any 
king's  day.  And  they  were  all  brought  together  at  Sandwich, 
and  were  there  to  lie  and  hold  this  country  against  every 
foreign  army.  But  we  had  not  yet  the  happiness  nor  the 
honour,  that  the  naval  force  should  be  useful  to  this  country, 
more  than  it  had  often  before  been.  It  befel  then,  at  this 
same  time,  or  a  little  before,  that  Brihtric,  the  aldorman 
Eadric's  brother,  accused  Wulfnoth  child,  the  South  Saxon, 
father  of  earl  Godwine,  to  the  king  ;  and  he  (Wulfnoth)  then 
went  out,  and  enticed  ships  to  him,  until  he  had  twenty  ;  and 
he  then  ravaged  everywhere  by  the  south  coast,  and  wrought 
every  kind  of  evil.  Then  it  was  made  known  to  the  naval 
force,  that  they  might  easily  be  surrounded,  if  they  would  go 
about  it.  Then  Brihtric  took  to  him  eighty  ships,  and 


1  ScegS.  (O.N.  skeift),  "  navigii  longioris  quoddam  genus  velocis  vete- 
"  rum."     Bj.  Haldorsen,  Lex.  Isl. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  115 

thought  that  he    should  make   himself  much  talked  of,   that 

he   should  get  Wulfnoth  alive  or  dead.     But  as  they  were 

thitherward,  such  a  wind  came  against  them  as  no  man  before 

remembered,  and  beat  and  thrashed  all  the  ships  to   pieces, 

and  cast  them  upon  the  land  ;  and  immediately  came  Wulfnoth 

and  burned  the  ships.     When  this  was  thus  known  to   the 

other  ships  where  the  king  was,  how  the  others  had  fared,  it 

was  as  if  all  counsel  was  at  an  end,  and  the  king,  and  the 

aldormen,  and  the  high  <  witan '  went  home,  and  thus  lightly 

left  the  ships  ;  and  the  people  then  that  were  in  the  ships 

brought  the  ships  again  to  London  ;  and  they  let  the  toil  of 

all  the  nation  thus  lightly  perish  ;  nor  was  the  victory  better, 

for  which  all  the  Angle  race  had  hoped.     When  this  naval 

force  had  thus  ended,  then  soon    after  Lammas    (Aug.    1st) 

came    the    immense    hostile    army,    which    we   have    called 

ThorkelPs  army,  to  Sandwich,  and  soon  went  their  way  to 

Canterbury,  and  would  soon  have  subdued  the  town,  if  they 

the  more  speedily  had  not  craved  peace  of  them.     And  all  the 

East  Kentish  made  peace  with  the  army,  and  gave  them  three 

thousand  pounds.     And  then,  soon  after  that,  the  army  went 

until   it  came  to  Wight ;  and  thence  everywhere  in  Sussex,     262,  263. 

and  in  Hampshire,  and  also  in  Berkshire,  harried  and  burned, 

as  is  their  wont.     Then  the  king  commanded  all  the  nation  to 

be  called  out,  that  they  might  be  resisted  on  every  side  ;  but 

lo !  they  went,  nevertheless,  how  they  would.     Then  on  one 

occasion  the  king  had  got  before  them  with  all  his  force,  when 

they  would  go  to  their  ships,  and  all  the  people  were  ready 

to   attack   them  ;    but   it  was    then   prevented  through   the 

aldorman  Eadric,  as  it  ever  yet  had  been.     Then,  after  St. 

Martin's  mass  (Nov.   llth),  they  went   again   to   Kent,  and 

took   them   winter-quarters   on   the   Thames,    and    sustained 

themselves  from  Essex,  and  from  the  shires  which  were  there 

nearest,  on  both  sides  of  the  Thames.     And  they  often  fought 

against  the  town  of  London,  but  to  God  be  praise  that  it  yet 

stands   sound  ;    and  they   there  ever  fared   ill.     And    then, 

after  Midwinter,  they  took  an  upward  course,    out  through 

Chiltern,  and  so  to  Oxford,  and  burned  that  town,  and  then 

took  their  way,  on  both   sides  of  the  Thames,  towards  their 

ships.     They    were  then    warned    that    there   was   a  force 

gathered  against  them  at  London  ;  they  then  went  over  at 

Staines  ;  and  thus  went  all  the  winter,  and  that  Lent  they 

were  in  Kent,  and  repaired  their  ships. 

H  2 


116  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  M.X.  In  this  year,  after  Easter  (Apr.  9th),  the  before- 
mentioned  army  came  to  East  Anglia,  and  landed  at  Ipswich, 
and  went  forthwith  to  where  they  understood  Ulfkytel  was 
with  his  force.  This  was  on  the  day  Prima  Ascensio  Domini 
(May  18th).  And  then  the  East  Anglians  immediately  fled. 
Then  Cambridgeshire  stood  firmly  against  them.  There  were 
slain  ^Ethelstan,  the  king's  son-in-law,  and  Oswig  and  his 
son,  and  Wulfric  Leofwine's  son,  and  Eadwig  JEfic's  brother, 
and  many  other  good  thanes,  and  people  out  of  number.  The 

264,265.  flight  first  began  Thurkytel  Mare's-head.  And  the  Danes 
had  possession  of  the  place  of  carnage,  and  were  there  horsed, 
and  after  that  held  sway  over  the  East  Angles,  and  for  three 
months  harried  and  burned,  ay  even  into  the  wild  fens  they 
went,  and  there  slew  men  and  cattle,  and  burned  throughout 
the  fens  ;  and  Thetford  they  burned,  and  Cambridge.  And 
afterwards  went  again  southward  to  the  Thames  ;  and  the 
horsed  men  rode  towards  the  ships  ;  and  then  again  quickly 
turned  westward  to  Oxfordshire,  and  thence  to  Buckingham- 
shire, and  so  along  the  Ouse  till  they  came  to  Bedford,  and 
so  forth  as  far  as  Tempsford,  and  ever  burned  as  they  went : 
went  then  again  to  their  ships  with  their  booty.  And  when 
they  had  gone  to  their  ships,  then  should  the  force  have 
again  gone  out  to  oppose  them  if  they  would  land :  then  the 
force  went  home  ;  and  when  they  were  east,  then  was  the 
force  held  west ;  and  when  they  were  south,  then  was  our 
force  north.  Then  were  all  the  'witan'  summoned  to  the 
king,  and  they  should  then  advise  how  this  country  could  be 
defended.  But  though  something  was  then  resolved,  it  stood 
not  even  for  a  month  :  at  last  there  was  not  a  chief  man  who 
would  gather  a  force,  but  each  fled  as  he  best  might  ;  nor 
even  at  last  would  any  shire  assist  another.  Then  before 
St.  Andrew's  mass-day  (Nov.  30th),  the  army  came  to 
Northampton,  and  speedily  burned  that  town,  and  took  there- 
about as  much  as  they  themselves  would  ;  and  thence  went 
over  the  Thames  into  Wessex,  and  so  by  Canegan-mersc 
(All-Cannings  ?),  and  burned  all  that.  When  they  had  gone  as 
far  as  they  would,  they  came  at  Midwinter  to  their  ships. 

An.  M.XI.  In  this  year  the  king  and  his  *  witan '  sent  to 
the  army  and  desired  peace,  and  promised  them  tribute  and 
food,  on  condition  that  they  would  cease  from  their  plundering. 

266,267.  They  had  then  overrun,  1st  East  Anglia,  and  2ndly  Essex, 
and  3rdly  Middlesex,  and  4thly  Oxfordshire,  and  5thly 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHKONICLE.  117 

Cambridgeshire,  and  6thly  Hertfordshire,  and  Tthly  Buck- 
inghamshire, and  8thly  Bedfordshire,  and  9thly  half  of 
Huntingdonshire,  and  lOthly  much  in  Northamptonshire  ; 
and  south  of  the  Thames,  all  Kent,  and  Sussex,  and  Hastings, 
and  Surrey,  and  Berkshire,  and  Hampshire,  and  much  in 
Wiltshire.  All  these  calamities  befel  us  through  evil  counsels, 
that  tribute  was  not  offered  them  in  time,  or  they  were  not 
fought  against ;  but  when  they  had  done  the  most  evil,  then 
a  truce  and  peace  were  made  with  them.  And,  nevertheless, 
for  all  this,  peace  and  tribute,  they  went  everywhere  in  flocks, 
and  harried  our  miserable  people,  and  robbed  and  slew  them. 
And  then,  in  this  year,  between  the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary 
(Sept.  8th)  and  St.  Michael's  mass  (Sept.  29th),  they  besieged 
Canterbury  and  entered  it,  through  treacherous  wiles,  for 
JElfmser  betrayed  it,  whose  life  the  archbishop  JElfeah  had 
before  saved.  And  they  there  took  the  archbishop  JElfeah, 
and  .^Elfweard  the  king's  reeve,  and  the  *abbess  Leofrun,  and  *of  St.Mildred's. 
*bishop  Grodwine.  And  the  *abbot  ^Elfma3r  they  let  go  away  ;  * of  Rochester, 
and  they  took  there  within  all  the  men  in  orders,  and  men  tine's, 
and  women.  It  was  not  to  be  told  to  any  man  how  many 
people  there  were.  And  in  the  town  they  were  after  that 
as  long  as  they  would  ;  and  when  they  had  searched  all  the 
town,  they  went  to  their  ships,  and  led  the  archbishop  with 
them.1 

Was  then  a  captive  where  oft  before 

he  who  was  ere  a  head  was  seen  bliss, 

of  the  Angle  race,  in  that  poor  city,  268, 269. 

and  of  Christendom.  whence  to  us  came  first 

There  might  then  Christianity  and  bliss 

be  misery  seen,  'fore  God  and  'fore  the  world. 

And  they  had  the  archbishop  with  them  as  long  as  to  the  time 
when  they  martyred  him. 

An.  M.XII.  In  this  year  came  the  aldorman  Eadric  and  all  v 
the  highest  <  witan,'  ordained  and  lay,  of  the  Angle  race  to 
London,  before  Easter  ;  then  was  Easter  day  on  the  date  Ides 
of  April  (Apr.  13th)  ;  and  then  they  were  there  so  long  after 
Easter  as  until  all  the  tribute  was  paid  ;  that  was  eight  and 
forty  thousand  pounds.  TThen  on  the  Saturday  the  army  was 


1  Florence  of  Worcester  (i.  p.  164)  gives  a  more  circumstantial  account 
of  these  atrocities. 


118 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  of  Dorchester, 
t  of  London. 


270,  271, 


*  of  Wells. 


greatly  excited  against  the  bishop,  because  he  would  not  pro- 
mise them  any  money,  but  forbade  that  anything  should  be 
given  for  him.  They  were  also  very  drunken,  for  wine  had 
been  brought  thither  from  the  South.  They  then  took  the 
bishop,  led  him  to  their  '  husting,'  on  the  Sunday  eve,  the 
octaves  of  Easter,  that  was  on  the  xmth  of  the  Kal.  of  May 
(Apr.  19th)  ;  and  there  they  then  shamefully  murdered  him  ; 
they  pelted  him  with  bones  and  with  the  heads  of  oxen  ;  and 
one  of  them  then  struck  him  on  the  head  with  an  axe-iron,  so 
that  with  the  dint  he  sank  down,  and  his  holy  blood  fell  on  the 
earth,  and  his  holy  soul  he  sent  forth  to  God's  kingdom.  And 
on  the  morrow  the  body  was  borne  to  London,  and  the  bishops 
*  Eadnoth  and  t^lfhun,  and  the  townsfolk  received  it  with  all 
veneration,  and  buried  it  in  St.  Paul's  monasteryj  And  there 
God  l  now  manifests  the  holy  martyr's  miracles.  When  the 
tribute  was  paid,  and  peace-oaths  were  sworn,  the  army 
separated  as  widely  as  it  had  before  been  gathered.  Then 
submitted  to  the  king,  from  the  army,  five  and  forty  ships, 
and  promised  him  that  they  would  defend  this  country  ;  and 
he  was  to  feed  and  clothe  them. 

An.  M.XIII.  In  the  year  after  that  in  which  the  archbishop 
^Ifeah  was  martyred,  the  king  appointed  *  bishop  Lyfing  to 
the  archiepiscopal  chair  of  Canterbury.  And  in  this  same 
year,  before  the  month  of  August,  came  king  Svein  with  his 
fleet  to  Sandwich ;  and  went  then  very  soon  about  East 
Anglia  into  the  mouth  of  the  Humber,  and  so  upward  along 
the  Trent  until  he  came  to  Gainsborough.  And  then  straight- 
ways  earl  Uhtred  and  all  the  Northumbrians  submitted  to  him, 
and  all  the  people  in  Lindsey;  and  after  that,  the  people  in  the 
Five  burghs,  and  shortly  afterwards,  all  the  army  north  of 
Watling  Street  ;  and  hostages  were  given  him  from  every 
shire.  After  he  understood  that  all  the  people  were  submis- 
sive to  him,  he  commanded  that  his  army  should  be  victualled 
and  horsed  ;  and  he  then  afterwards  went  southward  with  his 
full  force,  and  committed  the  ships  and  the  hostages  to  his  son 
Cnut.  And  after  he  came  over  Watling  Street,  they  wrought 
the  greatest  evil  that  any  army  could  do.  He  then  went  to 
Oxford,  and  the  townsmen  immediately  submitted  and  gave 


1  Hence  it  -would  appear  that  this 
•was  written  shortly  after  the  event, 
as  the  archbishop's  body  -was  in 


1023   removed  from  St.  Paul's   to 
Canterbury. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  119 

hostages  ;  and  thence  to  Winchester,  and  they  did  the  same. 
Then  he  went  thence  eastward  to  London,  and  many  of  his 
people  were  drowned  in  the  Thames,  1  because  they  kept  to  no 
bridge.  When  he  came  to  the  city,  the  townsmen  would  not 
submit,  but  withstood  with  full  war  against  him,  because  king 
.ZEthelred  was  therein,  and  Thorkell  with  him.  Then  went 
king  Svein  thence  to  Wallingford,  and  so  over  the  Thames 
westward  to  Bath,  and  sat  there  with  his  fbrce.  And  thither 
came  the  *aldorman  JEthelmaer,  and  the  western  thanes  with  * of  Devon' 
him,  and  they  all  submitted  to  Svein,  and  gave  him  hostages. 
When  he  had  thus  fared  he  went  northward  to  his  ships,  and  all  272»  273 
the  nation  considered  him  then  as  full  king.  And  after  that 
the  townsmen  of  London  submitted  and  gave  hostages  ;  for 
they  dreaded  that  he  would  fordo  them.  Svein  then  com- 
manded a  full  contribution,  and  provisions  for  his  army  during 
the  winter  ;  and  Thorkell  ordered  the  same  for  the  army  that 
lay  at  Greenwich  ;  and  for  all  that,  they  harried  as  often  as 
they  would.  Then  nothing  profited  this  people,  neither  from 
south  nor  north.  Then  was  king  JEthelred  a  while  with  the 
fleet  which  lay  in  the  Thames  ;  and  the  *lady  went  over  sea  *  Emma. 
to  her  brother  Richard,  and  ^Elfsige,  abbot  of  Peterborough, 
with  her.  And  the  king  sent  *  bishop  .ZElfhun  with  the  *  of  London, 
sethelings  Eadweard  and  ^Elfred  over  sea,  that  he  might  have 
care  of  them.  And  the  king  then  went  from  the  fleet  at  Mid- 
winter to  Wight,  and  was  there  during  that  tide  ;  and  after 
that  tide  he  went  over  the  sea  to  Richard,  and  was  there  with 
him  until  the  time  when  Svein  was  dead.2 


2  And  while  the  lady  was  with  her  brother  beyond  sea, 
abbot  JElfsige  of  Peterborough,  who  was  there  with  her,  went 
to  the  monastery  which  is  called  Bonneval,  where  St.  Floren- 
tine's body  lay.  He  there  found  a  poor  place,  a  poor  abbot, 
and  poor  monks  ;  for  they  had  been  plundered.  He  then 
bought  there  of  the  abbot  and  of  the  monks  St.  Florentine's 
body,  all  but  the  head,  for  five  hundred  pounds  ;  and  when  he 
came  back,  he  offered  it  to  Christ  and  St.  Peter. a 

1  "  quja  nunquam  pontem  neque  vadum  quserere  voluerunt."  Fl.  Wigorn. 


120  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

V  An.  M.XIV.  In  this  year  king  Svein  ended  his  days  at  Can- 
dlemas, on  the  mrd  of  the  Nones  of  February  (Feb.  3rd).  And 
in  the  same  year  ^Elfwig  was  ordained  bishop  of  London  at 
York,  on  St.  Juliana's  mass-day  (Feb.  16th.)  And  then  all  the 
fleet  chose  Cnut  for  king.  Then  resolved  all  the  *  witan  '  who 
were  in  England,  ordained  and  lay,  that  king  .ZEthelred  should 
be  sent  after  ;  and  said,  that  to  them  110  lord  was  dearer  than 
their  natural  lord,  if  he  would  govern  them  more  justly  than 
he  did  before.  Then  the  king  sent  his  son  Eadweard  hither 
with  his  messengers,  and  bade  them  greet  all  his  people,  and 
said,  that  he  would  be  to  them  a  kind  lord,  and  amend  all  the 
things  which  they  all  eschewed,  and  all  the  things  should  be 

274  275.  forgiven  which  had  been  done  or  said  to  him,  on  condition, 
that  they  all,  unanimously  without  treachery,  would  turn  to 
him.  i  And  they  then  confirmed  full  friendship,  with  word  and 
with  pledge,  on  each  side,  and  pronounced  every  Danish  king 
an  outlaw  from  England  for  ever.  Then  came  king  JEthelred, 
during  Lent,  home  to  his  own  people,  and  he  was  gladly 
received  by  all.  Then  after  Svein  was  dead,  Cnut  sat  with 
his  army  at  Gainsborough  until  Easter  (Apr.  17th)  ;  and  it 
was  agreed  between  him  and  the  people  of  Lindsey,  that  they 
should  supply  him  with  horses,  and  afterwards  all  should  go 
together  and  harry.  Then  came  king  ^Ethelred  thither  to 
Lindsey,  with  a  full  force,  before  they  were  ready  ;  and  they 
then  harried,  and  burned,  and  slew  all  of  human  race  whom 
they  could  reach.  And  Cnut  went  away  out  with  his  fleet, 
and  the  miserable  people  were  thus  deceived  through  him  ; 
and  he  then  went  southward,  until  he  came  to  Sandwich,  and 
•  then  caused  the  hostages  that  had  been  given  to  his  father  to 
be  landed,  and  cut  off  their  hands,  and  ears,  and  noses.  And 
besides  all  these  evils,  the  king  commanded  one  and  twenty 
thousand  pounds  to  be  paid  to  the  army  which  lay  at  Green- 
wich. And  in  this  year,  on  St.  Michael's  mass  eve  (Sept.  28), 
came  the  great  sea-flood  widely  through  this  country,  and  ran 
so  far  up  as  it  never  before  had  done,  and  drowned  many  vills, 
and  of  mankind  a  countless  number. 

An.  M.XV.  In  this  year  was  the  great  meeting  at  Oxford  ; 
and  there  the  aldorman  Eadric  insnared  Sigeferth  and  Mor- 
kere,  the  chief  thanes  in  the  Seven  Burghs.  He  enticed  them 
into  his  chamber,  and  therein  they  were  foully  slain.  And  the 

276,  277.       king  then  took  all  their  possessions,  and  ordered   Sigeferth's 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  121 

relict  to  be  taken  and  brought  to  Malmesbury.  Then  after 
a  little  space,  Eadmund  cetheling  went  thither,  and  took  the 
woman  against  the  king's  will,  and  had  her  for  his  wife. 
Then,  before  the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  8th),  the  aethel- 
ing  went  thence  from  the  west,  north  to  the  Five  Burghs,  and 
immediately  took  possession  of  all  Sigeferth's  and  Morkere's 
property,  and  all  the  folk  submitted  to  him.  And  then,  at  the 
same  time,  king  Cnut  came  to  Sandwich,  and  then  immediately 
went  about  Kent  to  Wessex,  until  he  came  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Frome,  and  then  harried  in  Dorsetshire,  and  in  Wiltshire,  and 
in  Somersetshire.  Then  lay  the  king  sick  at  Coshani  (Corsham). 
Then  the  aldorman  Eadric  gathered  a  force,  and  the  astheling 
Eadmund  one  in  the  north.  When  they  came  together,  the 
aldorman  would  deceive  the  aetheling,  but  he  could  not ;  and 
then,  on  that  account,  they  parted  without  a  battle,  and  gave 
way  to  their  foes.  And  the  aldorman  Eadric  then  enticed 
forty  ships  from  the  king,  and  then  submitted  to  Cnut.  And 
Wessex  submitted,  and  gave  hostages,  and  supplied  the  army 
with  horses  ;  and  it  was  there  till  Midwinter. 
v  An.  M.XVI.  In  this  year  Cnut  came  with  his  army,  and  the 
aldorman  Eadric  with  him,  over  the  Thames  into  Mercia  at 
Cricklade.  And  then  they  went  to  Warwickshire,  during  the 
Midwinter's  tide,  and  harried,  and  burned,  and  slew  all  that 
they  came  to.  Then  the  astheling  Eadmund  began  to  gather 
a  force.  When  the  force  was  assembled,  they  were  not  con- 
tent with  it,  unless  it  were  that  the  king  should  be  with  them, 
and  they  had  the  support  of  the  citizens  of  London  ;  they 
withdrew  then  from  the  expedition,  and  each  man  went  home. 
Then,  after  that  *tide,  a  force  was  ordered,  on  pain  of  full  *  Midwinter, 
penalty,  so  that  every  man  who  was  able  to  go  should  turn 
out :  and  they  sent  to  the  king  at  London,  and  prayed  him 
that  he  would  come  to  join  the  force  with  the  aid  that  he  278,  279. 
might  gather.  When  they  all  came  together,  it  availed  naught 
the  more  than  it  had  often  before  done.  Then  it  was  made 
known  to  the  king  that  they  would  be  treacherous  to  him 
who  should  be  a  support  to  him.  He  then  left  the  force  and 
returned  to  London.1  Then  the  setheling  Eadmund  rode  to 
Northumbria  to  earl  Uhtred,  and  every  man  imagined  that 
they  would  collect  a  force  against  king  Cnut.  They  then 
marched  into  Staffordshire,  and  into  Shropshire,  and  to 
Chester  ;  and  they  harried  on  their  part,  and  Cnut  on  his 


122  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

part.  He  went  out  through  Buckinghamshire  into  Bedford- 
shire, and  thence  to  Huntingdonshire,  and  so  into  North- 
amptonshire along  the  fens  to  Stamford,  and  then  into  'Lin- 
colnshire ;  then  thence  to  Nottinghamshire,  and  so  to  North- 
umbria  towards  York.  When  Uhtred  was  apprized  of  this, 
he  abandoned  his  harrying  and  hastened  northwards,  and 
then  from  necessity  submitted,  and  all  Northumbria  with  him  ; 
and  he  gave  hostages  ;  and,  notwithstanding,  they  slew  him, 
through  the  counsel  of  the  aldorman  Eadric,  a,nd  Thorkytel 
son  of  Nafena  with  him.)  And  then,  after  that,  king  Cnut 
appointed  Eric  as  his  earl  in  Northumbria,  as  Uhtred  had 
been  ;  and  afterwards  went  south,  by  another  way,  all  to  the 
west;  and  then  all  the  army  before  Easter  (Apr.  1st)  came  to 
their  ships.  And  the  oetheling  Eadmund  went  to  London  to 
his  father.  And  then,  after  Easter,  king  Cnut  went  with  all  his 
ships  towards  London.  Then  it  befel  that  king  JEthelred  died 
before  the  ships  came.  He  ended  his  days  on  St.  George's 
mass-day  (Apr.  23rd)  :  and  he  held  his  kingdom  with  great 
toil  and  difficulty,  while  his  life  lasted.  And  then,  after  his 
280,281.  end,  all  the  *witan'  that  were  in  London,  and  the  townsmen, 
chose  Eadmund  for  king  ;  and  he  boldly  defended  his  king- 
dom while  his  time  was.  Then  came  the  ships  to  Greenwich 
in  the  Rogation  days  (May  7th)  ;  and  within  a  little  space 
they  went  to  London,  and  they  then  dug  a  great  ditch  on  the 
south  side,  and  dragged  their  ships  to  the  west  side  of  the 
bridge,  and  afterwards  ditched  the  town  without,  so  that  no 
one  could  pass  either  in  or  out ;  and  they  repeatedly  fought 
against,  the  town,  but  they  boldly  withstood  them.  Then 
before  that,  king  Eadmund  had  gone  out ;  and  he  rode  ^^r 
Wessex,  and  all  the  folk  submitted  to  him.  And  shortly 
after  that,  he  fought  against  the  army  at  Pen  by  Gillingham^ 
And  a  second  battle  he  fought  after  Midsummer  at  Sherston 
(Sceorstan),  and  there  was  great  slaughter  made  on  each  side, 
and  the  armies  of  themselves  separated.  In  that  battle  the 
aldorman  Eadric  and  JElmaer  Dyrlingl  gave  aid  to  the  army 
against  king  Eadmund.  And  then  a  third  time  he  gathered  a 
force  and  went  to  London,  all  north  of  the  Thames,  and  so 
out  through  Clayhanger,  and  saved  the  townsmen,  and  drove 


1  Stamford  was  then  included  in  Northamptonshire. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


123 


the  army  in  flight  to  their  ships.  And  then,  two  nights  after, 
the  king  went  over  at  Brentford,  and  then  fought  against  the 
army,  and  put  it  to  flight ;  and  there  were  drowned  a  great 
many  of  the  English  folk,  by  their  own  carelessness,  those 
who  went  before  the  force,  and  would  take  booty.  And  after 
that,  the  king  went  into  Wessex,  and  collected  his  force. 
Then  the  army  went  forthwith  to  London,  and  beset  the  city 
around,  and  obstinately  fought  against  it,  both  by  water  and 
by  land.  But  Almighty  God  saved  it. 

The  army  then,  after  that,  went  from  London  with  their 
ships  into  the  Are  we  (Orwell),  and  there  landed,  and  went 
into  Mercia,  and  slew  and  burned  whatever  they  overran,  as 
is  their  wont;  and  provided  themselves  with  food:  and  they  282,283. 
drove  both  their  ships  and  their  droves  into  the  Medway. 
Then  a  fourth  time  king  Eadmund  collected  all  his  force,  and 
went  over  the  Thames  at  Brentford,  and  went  into  Kent ; 
and  the  army  fled  before  him,  with  their  horses,  to  Shepey  : 
and  the  king  slew  as  many  of  them  as  he  could  overtake. 
1  And  the  aldorman  Eadric  then  went  to  meet  the  king  at 
Aylesford.  Never  was  greater  evil  counsel  counselled  than 
that  was.  Vrhe  army  turned  again  up  into  Essex,  and  went 
into  Mercia,  and  destroyed  all  that  it  passed  over.  When  the 
king  learned  that  the  army  was  gone  up,  he,  for  the  fifth  time, 
assembled  all  the  English  nation,  and  went  after  them,  and 
overtook  them  in  Essex,  at  the  hill  which  is  called  Assandun 
(Assingdon),  and  there  they  boldly  engaged  together.  Then 
did  the  aldorman  Eadric  as  he  hacj,  often  before  done  ;  first 
began  the  flight  with  the  men  of  {Worcestershire  and/Here- 
fordshire,  and  so  betrayed  his  royal  lord  and  all  the  people  of 
Angle  race.  There  Qnut  had  the  victory,  and  won  him  all 
the  English  nation.  VfThere  were  bishop  *Eadnoth  slain,  and  *  of  Dorchester, 
abbot  Wulfsige,  and  the  aldorman  JElfric,  and  Godwine  the 
aldorman  of  Lindsey,  and  Ulfkytel  of  East  Anglia,  and  JEthel- 
weard  son  of  the  aldorman  JEthelwin(&  and  all  the  flower  of 
the  Angle  race  was  there  destroyed.  Then,  after  this  battle, 


1  "  Et  nisi  perfidus  dux  Edricus 
"  Streona,  suis  insidiis  et  insiliis, 
"  eum  apud  Eagelesford,  ne  suos 
"  persequeretur  hostes,  retineret, 
"  eo  die  plena  potiretur  victoria." 


Fl.  Wigorn.  "  Sed  cum  perve- 
"  nisset  rex  ad  -^Egelesford,  dux 
"  Eadricus  per  dolum  fecit  exerci- 
« turn  Anglorum  redire."  F.  Lat, 


124  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

king  Cnut,  with  his  army,  went  up  into  Gloucestershire,  where 
he  had  learned  that  king  Eadmund  was. 

Then  the  aldorman  Eadric  and  the  '  witan '  who  were  there 
advised  that  there  should  be  a  reconciliation  hatween  the 
kings ;  \_.an(i  they  gave  hostages  between  themJ  And  the 
kings  came  together  at  Olneyf&y  Deerhurs^  'and  there  con- 
284, 285.  firmed  their  friendship/  both  with  pledge  anfl  with  oath ;  and 
fixed  the  contribution  for  the  army.  And  they  then  separated 
with  this  agreement :  and  Eadmund  took  to  Wessex,  and  Cnut 
to  Mercia.  And  the  army  then  went  to  their  ships  with  the 
things  that  they  had  taken.  And  the  Londoners  made  a  truce 
with  the  army,  and  bought  themselves  peace  ;  and  the  army 
brought  their  ships  to  London,  and  took  them  winter-quar- 
ters therein.  Then,  on  St.  Andrew's  mass-day  (Nov.  30th), 
king  Eadmund  died ;  and  his  body  lies  at  Glastonbury 
with  his  grandfather  Eadgarft  [And  in  the  same  year  died 
Wulfgar,  abbot  of  Abingdon ;  and  ^Ethelsige  succeeded  to  the 
abbacy^] 

V  An.  M.XVII.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  succeeded  to  all  the 
kingdom  of  the  Angle  racefand  divided  it  into  four  :  to  him- 
self Wessex,  and  to  ThorKell  East  Anglia,  and  to  Eadric 
Mercia,  and  to  Eric  NortJiumbriaS  And  in  this  year  the 
aldorman  Eadric  was  slain0u  London  very  rightly,  and  North- 
man son  of  Leofwine  the  aldorman,  and  ^Ethelweard  son  of 
JEthelmser  *the  Great,  and  Brihtric  son  of  ^Elfeah  in  Devon- 
shire. And  king  Cnut  drove  out  Eadwig  the  setheling,  and 
afterward*  commanded  him  to  be  slain,  and  Eadwig  king  of 
the  churls/  And  then  before  the  Kal.  of  August  (Aug.  1st), 
the  king  commanded  the  relict  of  king  jEthelred,  Richard's 
daughter^  to  be  fetched  for  him  to  wife  ajthat  was  .ZElfgifu  in 
English,  Ymma  in  French} 

v  An.  M.XVIII.  In  this  year  the  tribute  was  paid  over  all  the 
Angle  race  :  that  was  in  all  two  and  seventy  thousand  pounds, 
exclusive  of  what  the  townsmen  of  London  paid,  which  was 


"and  became  fellows  and  sworn  brothers,  and  confirmed  it.a 
An.  M.XVII.  In  this  year  Cnut  was  chosen  king.b 

a  r>.  b  A. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


125 


en  and  a  half  thousand  pounds.     And  some  of  the  army  then 
went  to  Denmark,  and  forty  ships  remained  with  king  Cnut.    286,  287 
And  the  Danes  and  the  Angles  were  unanimous  at  Oxfor(fifor 
Eadgar's  law.     And   in   this   year  abbot   JEthelsige   died  at 
Abingdon,  and  ^Ethelwine  succeededj 

An.  M.XIX.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  went  with  forty  ships 
to  Denmark,  and  there  abode  all  the  winter.1 

An.  M.XX.  In  this  year  died  *archbishop  Lyfmg  :  and  king  *  of  Canterbury. 
Cnut  came  again  to  England.    And  then  at  Easter  (Apr.  17th) 
there  was  a  great  council  at  Cirencester,  when  the  aldorman 
JEthelweard  and  Eadwig  king  of  the  churls  were  outlawed. 
And   in   this  year  the  king  went  to  Assingdon,2  and  *  arch- * of  York- 
bishop  Wulfstan,  and  earl  Thorkell,  and  many  bishops  and  also 
abbots,  and  many  monks  with  them,  and  hallowed  the  monastery 
at  Assingdon.     And  JEthelnoth  the  monk,  who  was  dean  of 
*  Christchurch,  was  in  the  same  year,  on  the  Ides  of  November  *  Canterbury. 
(Nov.  13th),  hallowed  bishop  at  Christchurch  by  archbishop 
Wulfstan. 

An.   M.XXI.  In  this  year,  at  Martinmas  (Nov.  llth),  king 
Cnut   outlawed   earl    Thorkell.      And    *  bishop    ^Elfgar   the  "ofEimham. 
alms-giver  died  on  Christmas  dawn. 

An.  M.XXII.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  went  out  with  his 
ships  to  Wight.  And  archbishop  ^Ethelnoth  went  to  Rome, 
and  was  there  received  by  *  Benedict,  the  venerable  pope,  *  VIII. 
with  great  worship  ;  and  he  with  his  own  hands,  placed  his 
pall  upon  him,  and  very  honourably  hallowed  him  archbishop, 
and  blessed  him,  on  the  .Nones  of  October  (Oct.  7th).  And 


An.  M.XIX.  'And  in  this  year  died  archbishop  ^Elfstan,  who 
was  named  Lyfing,  and  he  was  a  sagacious  man,  both  before 
God  and  before  the  world.* 

An.  M.XX.  2 —  and  caused  to  be  built  there  a  monastery 
of  stone  and  lime,  for  the  souls  of  the  men  who  were  there 
slain,  and  gave  it  to  one  of  his  priests,  whose  name  was 
Stigand.b 


D.  in  continuation. 


F.  in  continuation. 


126 


TIU<;   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


archbishop  therewith  immediately,  on  thai  same  day,  sang 
:md  (hen  after,  with  the  pope  himself,  honourably  took 
refeelion,  and  also  of  himself  took  Mie  pull  from  St.  Peter's 
nltar,  and  then  joyfully  went  home  to  his  own  country.1  And 
abhot  Leofwine,  who  had  been  unjustly  driven  from  Ely,  was 
his  companion  ;  and  lie-  cleared  fThnself  of  everything  that 
was  said  against  him,  as  the  pope  instructed  him,  with  the 
witness  of  the  archbishop,  and  of  all  the  company  that  was 
wiMi  him. 

An.  M. xxin.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  came  again  to 
England,  and  Thorkell  and  he  were  reconciled;  and  lie 
intrusted  Denmark  and  his  son  to  the  guardianship  of 
Thorkell;  and  the  king  took  Thorkell's  son  with  him  to 
England."  In  this  year  died  *  archbishop  Wulfstan  ;  and 
"JElfric  succeeded;  and  archbishop  TEthelnoth  blessed  him  at 

v.  ii'ii/oni.  Canterbury.3  In  this  year  king  Cnut,  within  London,  in 
St.  Paul's  monastery,  gave  full  leave  to  archbishop  JEthelnoth 

of  siu-rborno.  and  *bishop  Bryhtwine,  and  to  all  God's  servants  who  were 
with  them,  that  they  might  take  up  from  the  burial  place  the 
archbishop  St.  ^llfheah.  And  they  then  did  so,  on  the  vith 
of  the  Ides  of  June  (June  8th).  And  the  renowned  king, 
and  the  archbishop,  and  suffragan  bishops,  and  earls,  and 
very  many  men  in  orders,  and  also  laymen,  conveyed  in  a 
ship  his  holy  body  over  the  Thames  to  Southwark,  and  there 
delivered  the  holy  martyr  to  the  archbishop  and  his  com- 
panions; and  they  then,  with  an  honourable  band  and  win- 


288. 


*  of  York. 

289. 

*  Puttuo. 


An.  M.XXII.  ' — And  afterwards  with  the  pall  he  there 
celebrated  mass,  as  the  pope  directed  him  :  and  he  took 
refection  after  that  with  the  pope;  and  afterwards  with  a 
full  blessing  went  home.'1 

An.  M.xxin.2  —  And  he  caused  the  remains  of  St.  ^Elfheah 
to  be  borne  from  London  to  Canterbury.5 

An.  M.XXIII.  :i  —  And  the  same  year  archbishop  ^Ethelnoth 
conveyed  the  remains  of  St.  -ZElfeah  to  Canterbury  from 
London.0 


E.  F.  in  continuation. 
C. 


E.  F.  in  continuation. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


127 


some  joy,  conveyed  him  to  Rochester.  Then,  on  the  third 
day,  came  Emma  the  lady,  with  her  royal  child  Harthacnut; 
and  they  then  all,  with  great  magnificence  and  bliss,  and 
song  of  praise,  conveyed  the  holy  archbishop  into  Canter- 
bury, and  so  honourably  brought  him  to  Christchurch,  on  the 
mrd  of  the  Ides  of  June  "^June  llth).  Again,  after  that, 
on  the  eighth  day,  on  the  xvnth  of  the  Kal.  of  July  (June 
15th),  archbishop  JEthelnoth  and  *  bishop  JElfsige,  and  bishop  *ofWinton. 
Bryhtwine,  and  all  those  who  were  with  them,  deposited 
St.  .ZEfheah's  holy  body  on  the  north  side  of  Christ's  altar, 
to  the  glory  of  God,  and  the  honour  of  the  holy  archbishop, 
and  to  the  eternal  health  of  all  who  there  with  devout  heart, 
and  with  all  humility,  daily  seek  his  holy  body.  May  God 
Almighty  have  mercy  on  all  Christian  men  through  St. 
JElfheah's  holy  merits  ! 

An.  M.XXIV.  Robert,  count  of  Normandy,  succeeds  Richard. 

An.  M.XXV.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  went  to  Denmark  with 
ships  to  the  Holm  at  the  river  Helgo.  And  there  came 
{i^ainst  him  'Ulf  and  Eylaf,  and  a  very  large  army,  both  a 
hind  force  and  a  naval  force,  of  Swedes.  And  there  very 
many  men  perished  on  king  Cnut's  side,  both  Danish  men  290,  291. 
and  English;  and  the  Swedes  had  possession  of  the  place  of 
carnage. 

An.  M.XXVI.  In  this  year*  bishop  ^Elfric   went  to  Rome,  *  abp.  of  York, 
and  received  the  pall  from  pope  *  John,  on  the  und  of  the  *  XIX. 
Ides  of  November  (Nov.  12th). 

An.  M.XXVII. 


1  The  Ulf  here  mentioned  must 
not  be  confounded  with  Ulf  jarl, 
who  married  Astrith  (Estrith),  the 
sister  of  Cnut,  and  by  her  was  pro- 
genitor of  a  long  line  of  Danish 
sovereigns,  the  last  male  of  whom, 
Valdemar  Atterdag,  father  of  queen 
Margaret,  died  in  1375.  This  Ulf 
accompanied  Cnut  in  the  above- 
mentioned  expedition.  The  brothers 
Ulf  and  Eylaf  were  sons  of  Rogn- 
vald,  jarl  of  West  Gothland,  and  of 
Ingeborg,  a  daughter  of  king  Olaf 


Tryggvason.  The « halge  ea'  of  the 
Saxon  text  (literally  the  holy  river) 
is  the  '  Helga  amnis '  of  Saxo  Gram- 
maticus,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain 
Stanga ;  and  is  the  modern  Helgo, 
in  the  government  of  Christianstad, 
in  the  south  of  Sweden.  See  Saxo 
Gramm.  p.  518,  ed.  Miiller ;  Olafs 
Saga  hins  Helga  in  Snorri,  c.  161., 
Ann.  Isl.  a.  1027,  ap.  Langebek, 
t.  in.,  and  Suhm,  Hist,  of  Damn, 
in.  p.  634. 


128 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


292,  293. 


An.  M.XXVIII.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  went  from  England, 
with  1  fifty  ships  of  English  thanes,  to  Norway,  and  drove  king 
Olaf  from  the  land,  and  possessed  himself  of  all  that  land. 

An.  M.XXIX.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  came  again  to  England; 
and  as  soon  as  he  came  again  to  England,  2he  gave  to  Christ- 
church  at  Canterbury  the  haven  at  Sandwich,  and  all  the 
dues  that  arise  therefrom,  from  each  side  of  the  haven;  so 
that  when  the  flood  is  of  all  the  highest,  and  of  all  the  fullest, 
be  a  ship  floating  so  nigh  the  land  as  it  nighest  may,  and 
there  be  a  man  standing  in  the  ship,  and  have  a  3 '  taper  axe ' 
in  his 

An.  M.XXX.  In  this  year  king  Olaf  was  slain  in  Norway 
by  his  own  people,  and  was  afterwards  sainted.  And  in  this 
year,  before  that,  died  4Hakon,  the  doughty  jarl,  at  sea. 

An.  M.XXXI.  In  this  year  king  Cnut  5  went  to  Rome  ;  and 
as  soon  as  he  came  home,  he  went  to  Scotland,  and  the  Scots' 
king  Malcolm  submitted  to  him,  and  became  his  man  ;  6  but 
held  that  only  a  little  while  ;  and  two  other  kings,  Maslbsethe 
and  lehmarc.  And  Robert  count  of  Normandy  went  to 
Jerusalem,  and  there  died  ;  and  William,  who  was  afterwards 
king  of  England,  succeeded  to  Normandy,  though  he  was  a 
child. 

An.  M. xxxu.  In  this  year  appeared  the  wildfire,  such  as 
no  man  before  remembered;  and  moreover  it  did  harm  in 
many  places.  And  in  the  same  year  died  bishop  ^Elfsige 
at  Winchester ;  and  JElfwine  the  king's  priest  succeeded  to 
the  see. 


An.  M.XXX.  In  this  year  king  Olaf  came  again  to  Norway  ; 
and  the  people  gathered  against  him,  and  fought  against  him, 
and  he  was  there  slain.a 


1 "  L.  navibus  inagnis."  Flor.Wi- 
gorn. 

2  See  the  entire  charter  in  Cod. 
Diplom.  iv.  No.  737,  vi.  No.  1328. 

3  Tapar-oxi,     securis      malkata. 
Bj.  Haldorsen. 


4  He  was  the  son  of  Eric,  jarl  of 
Norway,  by  Gy  tha  the  sister  of  Cnut. 

5  See  his  letter  to  the  clergy  and 
magnates  of  the   land  in  Fl.  Wi- 
gorn.  i.  p.  185,  edit.  E.  H.  S. 

6  He  died  three  years  after. 


D.  E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  129 

An.  M.XXXIII.  In  this  year  died  *  bishop  Leofsige,  and  his  *  of  Worcester. 
body  rests  at  Worcester;  and  Brihteh  was  raised  to  his  see. 
In  this  year  died  Merehwit,  bishop  of  *  Somerset ;  and  he  is  *  Wells. 
buried  at  Glastonbury. 

An.  M.XXXIV.  In  this  year  died  *bishop  Athene,  and  he  lies  *  of  Dorchester, 
at  Ramsey.     And  in  that  same  year  died  Malcolm,  king  of 
Scotland. 

An.  M.XXXV.  In  this  year  died  king  Cnut  ;  and  Harold  his 
son  succeeded  to  the  kingdom.  He  departed  at  Shaftesbury 
on  the  nnd  of  the  Ides  of  November  (Nov.  12th)  ;  and 
they  conveyed  him  thence  to  Winchester,  and  there  buried 
him.  And  .^Elfgyfu  Emma,  the  lady,  sat  then  there  within  : 
and  Harold,  who  said  that  he  was  the  son  of  Cnut  and  of  the 
other  JElfgyfu,  though  it  was  not  true,  sent  thither,  and  caused 
to  be  taken  from  her  all  the  best  treasures,  which  she  could 
not  withhold,  that  king  Cnut  had  possessed  ;  and  yet  she  sat 
there  within,  the  while  she  might. 

An.  M.XXXVI.  In  this  year  the  innocent  getheling  JElfred, 
son  of  king  ^Ethelred,  came  hither,  and  would  go  to  his 
mother,  who  sat  in  Winchester  ;  but  that  earl  G-odwine 
would  not  permit,  nor  other  men  also,  who  could  exercise 
much  power  ;  because  the  public  voice  was  then  greatly  294. 
in  favour  of  Harold  ;  though  it  was  unjust.  But  Godwine 
then  impeded  him,  and  in  durance  set  him,  and  his  com- 
panions he  dispersed  ;  and  diversely  some  slew  ;  some  they 
for  money  sold,  some  cruelly  killed,  some  they  bound,  some 


An.  M.XXXVI.  In  this  year  died  king  Cnut  at  Shaftesbury, 
and  he  is  buried  at  Winchester,  in  the  Old  monastery  :  and  he 
was  king  over  all  England  very  nigh  twenty  winters.  And 
immediately  after  his  decease,  there  was  a  great  assembly  of  all 
the  '  witan '  at  Oxford  ;  and  earl  Leofric  and  almost  all  the  thanes 
north  of  the  Thames,  and  the  l  i  lithsmen '  of  London,  chose 
Harold  to  the  government  of  all  England,  him  and  his  brother 
Harthacnut,  who  was  in  Denmark.  And  earl  Godwine  and  all 
the  chief  men  of  Wessex,  opposed  it  as  long  as  they  could,  but 
they  could  not  prevail  aught  against  it.  And  it  was  then  re- 
solved that  ^Elfgyfu,  Harthacnut' s  mother,  should  dwell  at 

1  Sailors,  from  lift,  a  ship. 
VOL.  II.  I 


130  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

*  or  hamstrung,  they  blinded,  some  "mutilated,  some  scalped.  No  bloodier  deed 
was  done  in  this  country  since  the  Danes  came,  and  here  made 
peace.  Now  is  our  trust  in  the  beloved  God,  that  they  possess 
bliss  joyfully  with  Christ,  who  were  without  guilt  so  miserably 
slain.  The  aetheling  yet  lived,  every  evil  they  vowed  him, 
until  it  was  resolved  that  he  should  be  led  to  Ely,  thus  bound. 
As  soon  as  he  was  near  the  land,  in  the  ship  they  blinded  him  ; 
and  him  thus  blind  brought  to  the  monks  ;  and  he  there  abode 
the  while  that  he  lived.  After  that,  he  was  buried,  as  to  him 
was  befitting,  full  honourably,  as  he  was  worthy,  at  the  west 
end,  to  the  steeple  full  nigh,  in  the  south  porch.  His  soul  is 
with  Christ. 

An.  M.XXXVII.  In  this  year  Harold  was  chosen  over  all  for 
king,  and  Harthacnut  rejected,  because  he  was  too  long  in 
Denmark.  And  then  then  they  drove  out  his  mother  ^Elfgyfu 
the  queen,  without  any  mercy,  against  the  stormy  winter  ; 
and  she  came  then  to  Bruges  beyond  sea,  and  count  Baldwinc 
there  well  received  her,  and  held  her  there  while  she  had  need. 
And  before,  in  this  year,  died  JEfic,  the  noble  dean  at  Evesham. 

An.  M.XXXVIII.  In  this  year  died  JEthelnoth,  the  good 
t  s£y.terbury'  *archbishop,  and  JEthelric,  bishop  of  the  t South  Saxons,  who 


Winchester  with  the  king  her  son's  ! '  huscarls,'  and  hold  all 
Wessex  under  his  authority.  And  earl  Godwine  was  their 
most  devoted  man.  Some  men  said  of  Harold,  that  he  was  the 
son  of  king  Cnut  and  of  JElfgyfu,  the  daughter  of  JElfhelmthe 
aldorman ;  but  it  seemed  very  incredible  to  many  men  ;  and 
he  was,  nevertheless,  full  king  over  all  England.8 

295«  An.  M.XXXVII.  In  this  year  ^Elfgyfu,  king  Cnut's  relict, 

was  driven  out :  she  was  king  Harthacnut's  mother  :  and  she 
then  sought  the  protection  of  Baldwine,  south  of  the  sea ;  and 
he  gave  her  an  abode  at  Bruges,  and  he  protected  and  main- 
tained her  the  while  that  she  was  there.a 

An.  M.XXXVIII.    In  this  year    died  JEthelnoth,    the    good 
archbishop,  on  the  Kal.  of  November  (Nov.  1st)  ;  and  a  little 


The  Danish  body  guard,  though  retained  till  the  time  of  the  Conquest. 


E.  F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


131 


desired  of  God  that  he  would  not  let  him  live  any  while  after 
his  beloved  father  JEthelnoth  :  and  within  seven  nights  after, 
he  also  departed ;  and  bishop  JElfric  of  *  East  Anglia,  and 
bishop  Byrhteh  of  Worcestershire,  on  the  xnith  of  the  Kal. 
of  January  (Dec.  20th)  ;  and  then  'bishop  Eadsige  suc- 
ceeded to  the  archbishopric ;  and  Grymkytel  to  the  bishopric 
of  the  South  Saxons  ;  and  *  bishop  Lyfing  to  Worcestershire 
and  to  Gloucestershire. 

An.  M.XXXIX.  In  this  year  was  the  great  wind ;  and  bishop 
Byrhtmaar  died  at  Lichfield.  And  the  Welsh  slew  Eadwine, 
the  brother  of  earl  Leofric,  and  Thorkell,  and  JElfgeat,  and 
very  many  good  men  with  them.  And  in  this  year  also  came 
Harthacnut  to  Bruges,  where  his  mother  was. 


296. 
Elmham. 

297. 
of  Cretliton. 


after,  JEthelric,  bishop  of  the  South  Saxons  ;  and  then  before 
Christmas,  Brihteh,  bishop  of  Worcestershire  ;  and  shortly 
after  JElfric,  *bishop  of  the  East  Angles. 

An.  M.XXXIX.  2  In  this  year  king  Harold  died  at  Oxford, 
on  the  xvith  of  the  Kal.  of  April  (Mar.  17th),  and  he  was 
buried  at  Westminster.  And  he  ruled  England  four  years  and 
sixteen  weeks.  And  in  his  days,  to  sixteen  ships  eight  marks 
were  paid  for  every  rower,  as  had  before  been  done  in  king 
Cnut's  days.  And  hi  this  same  year  king  Harthacnut  came  to 
Sandwich,  seven  nights  before  Midsummer.  And  he  was  im- 
mediately received  both  by  Angles  and  by  Danes  ;  though  his 
counsellors  afterwards  cruelly  requited  it,  when  they  coun- 
selled, that  to  sixty-two  ships  should  be  paid,  for  each  rower, 
eight  marks.  And  in  this  same  year  the  *  sester '  of  wheat 
went  to  fifty -five  pence,  and  even  further.8- 


of  Elmham. 


1  This  appears  to  be  an  error.    In 
F.  he  is  styled  "  t>ses  cinges  preost," 
and  in  F.  Lat.  and  Florence,  "regis 
"  capellanus." 

2  From  this  time  the  dates  in  E. 
and  F.  are  often  faulty.     Harold  is 
here  said  to  have  reigned  four  years 


and  sixteen  weeks,  although  Cnute's 
death,  Nov.  12,  is  placed  under  the 
year  1036,  and  the  death  of  Harda- 
cnute,  and  the  coronation  of  Ed- 
ward, which  belongs  unquestionably 
to  the  year  1043,  are  in  like  manner 
misdated.— R.P. 


E.  F. 


I  2 


132 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


298. 


*  of  North- 
u  mbria. 


*  of  Durham. 


299. 


An.  M.XL.  In  this  year  king  Harold  died.  Then  was  Hartha- 
cnut  sent  after,  at  Bruges  :  it  was  imagined  to  be  well  done. 
And  he  then  came  hither  with  sixty  ships  before  Midsummer, 
and  imposed  a  very  heavy  contribution  ;  so  that  it  was  borne 
with  difficulty:  that  was  eight  marks  for  each  rower  :  and  then 
was  every  one  unfavourable  to  him  who  had  before  desired 
him  ;  nor  did  he  perform  aught  kingly  while  he  reigned.  He 
caused  the  dead  Harold  to  be  dragged  up,  and  had  him  cast 
into  a  fen.  In  this  year  archbishop  Eadsige  went  to  Rome. 

An.  M.XLI.  In  this  year  Harthacnut  caused  all  Worcester- 
shire to  be  ravaged,  for  the  sake  of  his  two  'huscarls,'  who 
announced  the  heavy  impost,  when  the  people  slew  them  within 
the  town,  in  the  monastery.  And  in  this  year,  shortly  after, 
came  his  maternal  brother  Eadward,  the  son  of  king  ^iEthelred, 
from  beyond  sea,  who  before,  for  many  years,  had  been  driven 
from  his  country  ;  and  yet  was  sworn  king  ;  and  he  then 
dwelt  so  in  his  brother's  family  while  he  lived.  And  also  in 
this  year  Harthacnut  betrayed  *earl  Eadulf  while  under  his 
safeguard  ;  and  he  was  then  a  belier  of  his  pledge.  And  in  this 
year  *bishop  ^Egelric  was  ordained  at  York,  on  the  nird  of 
the  Ides  of  January  (Jan.  llth). 

An.  M.XLII.  In  this  year  died  Harthacnut,  as  he  stood  at 
his  drink,  and  he  suddenly  fell  to  the  earth  with  a  terrible 
struggle  ;  and  then  they  who  were  nigh  took  hold  of  him  ;  and 


An.  M.XL.  In  this  year  the  military  contribution  was  paid  ; 
that  was  twenty-one  thousand  and  ninty-nine  pounds.  And 
after  that,  there  were  paid  to  thirty-two  ships,  eleven  thousand 
and  forty-eight  pounds.  And  in  this  same  year  came  Eadward, 
king  JEthelred's  son,  hither  to  land  from  Normandy.  He  was 
king  Harthacnut's  brother  :  they  were  both  sons  of  ^Elfgifu, 
who  was  count  Richard's  daughter.8- 

An.  M.XLI.  In  this  year  king  Harthacnut  died  at  Lambeth, 
on  the  vith  day  of  the  Ides  of  June  (June  8th).  And  he  was 
king  over  all  England  two  years  less  ten  nights  ;  and  he  is 
buried  in  the  Old  monastery  at  Winchester  with  king  Cnut  his 
father.  And  his  mother,  for  his  soul,  gave  to  the  New  monas- 
tery the  head  of  St.  Valentine  the  martyr.  And  before  he 


.F. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  133 

he  afterwards  spoke  not  a  word  ;  and  he  died  on  the  vith  of 
the  Ides  of  June  (June  8th).  And  all  the  people  then  received 
Eadward  for  king,  as  was  his  natural  right. 

An.  M.XLIII.  (M.XLII.)  In  this  year  Eadward  was  hallowed 
king  at  Winchester,  on  the  first  Easter-day,  with  great  worship; 
and  then  was  Easter  on  the  nird  of  the  Nones  of  April  (April 
3rd).  Archbishop  Eadsige  hallowed  him,  and  before  all  the 
people  well  instructed  him,  and  for  his  own  and  all  the  people's 
need,  well  exhorted  him.  And  Stigand  the  priest  was  blessed 
bishop  of  the  *East  Angles.  And  shortly  after  the  king  caused  *  of  Elmharn. 
all  the  lands  which  his  mother  possessed  to  be  seized  into  his  300,301, 
hand  ;  and  took  from  her  all  that  she  possessed  in  gold,  and  in 
silver,  and  in  unspeakable  things  ;  because  she  had  before  held 
it  too  strictly  towards  him.  And  soon  after,  Stigand  was 
deposed  from  his  bishopric,  and  all  that  he  owned  was  seized 
into  the  king's  hand ;  because  he  was  closest  in  his  mother's 
counsel,  and  she  went  as  he  advised  her,  as  it  was  supposed. 


was  buried  all  the  people  chose  Eadward  king  in  London. 
May  he  hold  it  while  God  shall  grant  it  him  !  And  all  that 
year  it  was  very  sad  in  many  and  various  things,  both  in  tem- 
pests and  in  earth-fruits.  And  so  much  cattle  perished  in  this 
year  as  no  man  before  remembered,  both  through  various 
diseases  and  through  bad  weather.  And  at  this  same  time 
died  JElfsine,  abbot  of  Peterborough  ;  and  then  Arnwi,  a 
monk,  was  chosen  abbot  ;  because  he  was  a  very  good  man 
and  very  meek.a 

An.  M.XLIII.  In  this  year  Eadward  was  hallowed  king  at 
Winchester  on  the  first  Easter-day  (April  3rd).  And  in  this 
year,  fourteen  nights  before  St.  Andrew's  mass  (Nov.  16th), 
the  king  was  so  advised  that  he  and  earl  Leofric,  and  earl 
Godwine,  and  earl  Siward,  with  their  attendants,  rode  from 
Gloucester  to  Winchester  unawares  upon  the  *lady,  and  they  *  Emma. 
bereaved  her  of  all  the  treasures  which  she  owned,  which  were 
not  to  be  told  ;  because  she  had  before  been  very  hard  to  the 
king  her  son,  inasmuch  as  she  had  done  less  for  him  than  he 
would,  before  he  was  king,  and  also  since  then.  And  after 
that  they  let  her  reside  therein.b 


a  E.  F. 


134 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE. 


*  of  Canterbury.       An.  M.XLiv.  (M.XLin.)  In  this  year  *  archbishop  Eadsige  re- 

signed the  bishopric,  on  account  of  his  infirmity,  and  blessed 
thereto  Siward  abbot  of  Abingdon,  as  bishop,  by  the  king's  leave 
and  counsel,  and  earl  Godwine's;  it  was  else  known  to  few  men 
before  it  was  done;  because  the  archbishop  thought  that  some 
other  man  would  obtain  it  by  solicitation,  or  buy  it,  whom  he  less 
trusted  and  liked,  if  more  men  knew  of  it.  And  in  this  year 
there  was  a  very  great  famine  over  all  England,  and  corn  so 
dear  as  no  man  before  remembered,  so  that  the  (  sester '  of 
wheat  went  to  sixty  pence,  and  even  further.  And  in  the 
same  year  the  king  went  out  to  Sandwich  with  thirty-five 
ships;  and  JEthelstan  the  church -ward  succeeded  to  the  abbacy 
at  Abingdon  ;  and  Stigand  obtained  his  bishopric.  And  in 
the  same  year  king  Eadward  took  Eadgyth,  earl  Godwine's 
daughter,  to  wife,  ten  nights  before  Candlemas  (Jutfe  23rd). 

*  of  Sherbornc.        An.  M.XLV.  In  this  year  *  bishop  Bryhtwold  died,   on  the 

302.  xth  of  the  Kal.   of   May  (April  22nd),   and   king  Eadward 
gave  the  bishopric  to  Hereman  his  priest.     And  in  the  same 
summer  king  Eadward  went  out  with  his  ships  to  Sandwich  ; 
and  there  so  great  a  force  was  gathered,  that  no  man  had  seen 
any  greater  naval  force  in  this  land.     And  in  this  same  year 

*  of  Crcditon.      died  *  bishop  Lyfing,  on  the  xmth  of  the  Kal.  of  April  (Mar. 

20th)  ;  and  the  king  gave  the  bishopric  to  Leofric  his  priest. 

303.  In  this  year  died  ^Ifward,  bishop  of  London,  on  the  vinth 
of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  25th).     He  was  first  abbot  of 


1° 


An.  M.XLIII.  (M.XLIV.)  In  this  year  king  Eadward  took  the 
daughter  of  earl  Godwine  for  his  queen.  And  in  this  same 
year  bishop  Brihtwold  died  :  and  he  held  the  bishopric  thirty- 
eight  years,  that  was  the  bishopric  of  Sherborne;  and  Hereman 
the  king's  priest  succeeded  to  the  bishopric.  And  in  this 
year  Wulfric  was  hallowed  abbot  of  St,  Augustine's  at  Christ- 
mas, on  St.  Stephen's  mass-day  (Dec.  26th),  by  the  king's 
leave,  and  abbot  JElfstan's,  on  account  of  his  (JElfstan's)  great 
infirmity.a 

An.  M.XLVI.  In  this  year  bishop  Brihtwold  died  in  Wilt- 
shire, and  Hereman  was  placed  in  his  see.  In  that  year  king 
Eadward  gathered  a-  great  naval  force  at  Sandwich,  on 


aE.F, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 


135 


Evesliam,  and  greatly  advanced  that  monastery,  while  he  was 

there.     He  then  went  to  Ramsey,  and  there  gave  up  his  life.1 

And  Manni  was  chosen  *  abbot,  and  ordained  on  the  ivth  of  * of  Eveskam. 

the  Ides  of  August  (Aug.  10).     And  in  this  year  the  noble 

woman    Gunnhild,    king  Cnut's  2  kinswoman,  was   banished  ; 

and  afterwards  she  long  resided  at  Bruges,  and  then  went  to 

Denmark. 


account  of  the  threatening  of  Magnus  of  Norway  ;  but  his 
(Magnus')  and  3  S  vein's  war  in  Denmark  hindered  him  from 
coming  hither. a 

An.  M.XLIV.  (M.XLV.)  In  this  year  *  bishop  Lyfing  died  in  *  of  Crediton. 
Devonshire,    and  Leofric  succeeded  to  his  see  ;  he  was  the 
king's  priest.     And  in  this  same  year  JElfstan,  abbot  of  *  St.  *  at  Canterbury, 
Augustine's,  died,  on  the  uird  of  the  Nones  of  July  (July  oth). 
And  in  this  same  year  Osgod  Clapa  was  driven  out.b 

An.  M.XLVII.  In  this  year  died  Lyfing,  the  eloquent  bishop, 
on  the  xthof  the  Kal.  of  April  (Mar.  23rd)  ;  and  he  had  three 
bishoprics,  one  in  Devonshire,  and  one  in  Cornwall,  and  one 
in  Worcester.  Then  Leofric  succeeded  to  Devonshire  and  to 
Cornwall,  and  bishop  Aldred  to  Worcester.  And  in  this  year 
Osgod  the  *  constable  was  outlawed ;  and  t  Magnus  won 
Denmark. a 


*  stallcrc. 

t  k.  of  Norway. 


1  Florence  of  Worcester  is  more 
explicit  on  the   subject  of  bishop 


§  "  -Mfwardus  Lundoni- 
"  ensis  preesul,  qui  et  ante  episcopa- 
"  turn  et  in  episcopatu,  abbatis  jure, 
"  Eoveshamnensi  coenobio  praefuit, 
"  cum  pontificatum  administrare  pro 
"  sua  infirmitate  minus  sufficeret, 
"  Eoveshammi  residere  voluit,  sed 
"  fratres  loci  illius  id  omnino  con- 
"  sentire  noluerunt.  Quapropter, 
"  ablatis  ex  maxima  parte  libris  et 
"  ornamentis,  quae  ipse  eidem  con- 


"  tulerat  loco,  et  qusedam,  ut  fertur, 
«  quae  alii  contulerant,  ad  monas- 
<*  terium  Kamesege  secessit."  The 
monks  of  Evesham  would  not  admit 
him  because  he  was  afflicted  with 
leprosy.  Hist.  Rames.  c.  xiv. 

2  She  was  his  niece,  being  the 
daughter  of  his  sister  Gytha,  married 
to  Wyrtgeorn,  king  of  the  Wends, 
and  was  wife  of  Hakon  jarl.  Flor. 
Wigorn. 

8  Svein  Estrithson,  the  son  of 
Cuut's  sister  Astrith,  by  Ulf  jarl. 


»» E.  R 


136 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  of  N.  Wales. 


*  of  Sclscy. 


*  of  Winton. 


*  of  Elniliam. 


An.  M.XLVI.  In  this  year  'earl  Swegen  went  into  Wales, 
and  Griffith,  the  *  Northern  king,  went  forth  with  him  ;  and 
hostages  were  given  him.  When  he  was  homeward,  he 
ordered  the  abbess  of  Leominster  to  be  fetched  to  him,  and  had 
her  while  it  listed  him,  and  then  let  her  go  home.  And  in 
this  same  year  Osgod  Clapa  was  outlawed  before  Midwinter. 
And  in  this  same  year,  after  Candlemas  (Feb.  2nd),  came  the 
severe  winter,  with  frost  and  with  snow,  and  with  all  kinds  of 
bad  weather,  so  that  there  was  no  man  alive  who  could  re- 
member so  severe  a  winter  as  that  was,  both  through  mortality 
of  men  and  murrain  of  cattle  ;  both  birds  and  fishes  perished 
through  the  great  cold  and  hunger. 

An.  M.XLVII.  In  this  year  died  bishop  Grimkytel ;  he  was 
"bishop  in  Sussex,  and  he  lies  in  Christchurch  at  Canterbury; 
and  king  Eadward  gave  the  bishopric  to  Hecca  his  priest. 
And  in  this  same  year  died  *  bishop  JElfwine,  on  the  ivth  of 
the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  29th);  and  king  Eadward  gave 
the  bishopric  to  *bishop  Stigand.  And  -ZEthelstan,  abbot  of 


An.  M. XL vni.  In  this  year  was  the  hard  winter  ;  and  in 
this  year  died  ^Elfwine,  bishop  of  Winchester  ;  and  bishop 
Stigand  was  raised  to  his  see.  And  before  that,  in  the  same 

*  Selsey.  year,  died  Grymkytel,  bishop  of  the  *  South  Saxons,  and  Heca 

*  k. of  Denmark,  the  priest  succeeded  to  the  bishopric.     And  *Svein  also  sent 

hither,  praying  for  aid  against  Magnus,  king  of  Norway;  that 
fifty  ships  should  be  sent  to  his  aid.  But  it  seemed  unad- 
visable  to  all  people;  and  then  it  was  prevented,  by  reason 
that  Magnus  had  a  great  naval  force.  And  he  then  ousted 
Svein,  and  with  great  slaughter  won  the  land  ;  and  the  Danes 
paid  him  much  money,  and  received  him  for  king.  And  in 
that  same  year  Magnus  died.a 

An.  M.XLV.  (M.XLVI.)  In  this  year  died  Grimkytel,  bishop 
of  the  South  Saxons,  and  Heca  the  king's  priest  succeeded 
to  the  bishopric.  And  in  this  year  died  ^Elfwine,  bishop  of 
Winchester,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  29th), 

1  One  of  Gbdwine's  sons. 


D. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 


137 


Abingdon,  died  in  the  same  year,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of 
April  (Mar.  29th):  then  was  Easter-day  on  the  mrd  of  the 
Nones  of  April  (April  3rd).  And  there  was  over  all  England 
a  very  great  mortality  in  the  same  year. 

An.  M.XLVIII.  In  this  year  there  was  a  great  earthquake 
widely  throughout  England.  And  in  the  same  year  Sand- 
wich and  Wight  were  ravaged,  and  the  best  men  who  were 
there,  slain.  And  after  that  king  Eadward  and  the  earls 


304. 


and  Stigancl,  *  bishop  in  the  north,  succeeded  to  the  bishopric.  "ofElmham. 
And  in  the  same  year  earl   Swegen  went  out  to  Baldwine's 
land,  to  Bruges,  and  abode  there  all  the  winter  ;  and  then  in          305. 
summer  he  went  out.a 

An.  M.XLVI.  (M.XLVII.)  In  this  year  died  ^Ethelstan,  abbot  of 
Abingdon,  and  Spearhafoc,  a  monk  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  suc- 
ceeded. And  in  this  same  year  died  bishop  Siward,  and  arch- 
bishop Eadsige  again  succeeded  to  all  the  *  bishopric.  And  in  *  Canterbury, 
this  same  year  'Lothin  andErling  came  with  twenty-five  ships 
to  Sandwich,  and  took  there  unspeakable  booty,  in  men,  and  in 
gold,  and  in  silver,  so  that  no  man  knew  how  much  it  all  was. 
And  they  then  went  about  Thanet,  and  would  there  do  the  like; 
but  the  country  folk  boldly  withstood  them,  and  refused  them 
both  landing  and  water,  and  completely  drove  them  thence. 
And  they  went  thence  to  Essex,  and  there  harried,  and  took 
men,  and  property,  and  whatever  they  could  find  ;  and  then 
went  east  to  *Baldwine's  land,  and  there  sold  what  they  had  *  Flanders, 
plundered  ;  and  afterwards  went  east  frcm  thence  to  whence 
they  before  came.a 


1  This  predatory  expedition,  as- 
signed here  to  the  year  1046,  is  of  a 
much  earlier  date.  Lothin  was  a 
wealthy  Norwegian  of  rank,  who,  as 
was  not  unusual  in  those  days,  uni- 
ted with  the  profession  of  commerce 
that  of  piracy.  He  was  stepfather 
to  king  Olaf  Tryggvason,  having 
married  his  mother  Astrith,  who 
had  been  captured  by  pirates,  and 


whom  he  found  exposed  for  sale  in 
a  slave  market  in  Esthonia.  Er« 
ling  was  Olaf  s  brother-in-law,  hav- 
ing married  his  sister,  also  named 
Astrith.  Olaf  Tryggvason  fell  in 
the  year  1000.  See  Saga  Olafs 
Tryggvasonar,  pp.  185,  298.  edit. 
1826,  and  his  Saga  in  Snorri,  cc.  1, 
58,  62. 


E.  F. 


138 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


'  Canterbury. 


Siward. 


308. 

*  count  of 
Flanders. 


306, 


went  out  with  their  ships.  And  in  the  same  year  bishop 
Siward  resigned  the  *  bishopric,  on  account  of  his  infirmity, 
and  went  to  Abingdon;  and  archbishop  Eadsige  again  suc- 
ceeded to  the  bishopric;  and  *he  died  within  eight  weeks  after, 
on  the  xth  of  the  Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  23rd). 

An.  M.XLIX.  In  this  year  the  emperor  gathered  a  countless 
force  against  *  Baldwine  of  Bruges,  because  he  had  destroyed 
the  palace  at  Nymegen,  and  also  of  many  other  injuries  that  he 
had  done  him.  The  force  was  not  to  be  told  that  he  had 
gathered.  There  were  Leo  the  pope  of  Rome,  and  many  great 
men  of  many  nations.  He  (the  emperor)  sent  also  to  king 
Eadward,  and  craved  naval  aid  from  him,  that  he  would 
not  allow  him  to  escape  from  him  by  water.  And  he  (king 
Eadward)  went  then  to  Sandwich,  and  there  continued  to  lie 
with  a  great  naval  force,  until  the  emperor  had  from  Baldwine 
all  that  he  would.  Thither  came  earl  Swegen  back  again  to 
king  Eadward,  and  craved  land  of  him,  that  he  might  sustain 
himself  thereon.  But  Harold  his  brother  and  Biorn  declared 
that  they  would  not  restore  to  him  anything  of  what  the  king 
had  given  them.  He  came  hither  with  guile,  said  that  he 
would  be  his  man,  and  prayed  earl  Biorn  that  he  would  support 
him.  But  the  king  refused  him  everything.  Swegen  then 
went  with  his  ships  to  Bosham  ;  and  earl  Godwine  went  from 


An.  M.XLIX.  1  In  this  year  Svein  came  again  to  Denmark, 
and  Harold,  the  paternal  uncle  of  Magnus,  went  to  Norway, 
after  that  Magnus  was  dead,  and  the  Normen  received  him  ; 
and  he  sent  hither  to  this  country  about  peace.  And  Svein 
also  sent  from  Denmark,  and  prayed  king  Eadward  for  naval 
support,  that  should  at  least  be  fifty  ships  ;  but  all  the  people 
refused.  And  in  this  year  was  also  an  earthquake,  on  the 
Kal.  of  May  (May  1st),  in  many  places,  at  Worcester,  at 
Wick,  and  at  Derby,  and  elsewhere ;  and  there  was  also  a 
great  mortality  among  men,  and  a  murrain  among  cattle  ;  and 
the  wildfire  also  did  much  evil  in  Derbyshire  and  elsewhere. a 


1  The  narratives  now,  under  the 
same  date  in  the  manuscripts,  differ 
so  widely  in  subject  from  each  other, 


that  it  is  no  longer  possible  to  note 
their  discrepancies. 


aD. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 


139 


Sandwich  with  forty-two  ships  to  Pevensey,  and  earl  Biorn 
along  with  him  ;  and  then  the  king  allowed  all  the  Mercians 
to  go  home,  and  they  did  so.  Then  it  was  announced  to  the 
king  that  Osgod  lay  at  Wulpe  with  thirty-nine  ships.  The 
king  then  sent  after  those  ships  which  he  could  send  off, 
which  lay  within  Northmouth.  But  Osgod  fetched  his  wife 
from  Bruges,  and  came  back  again  with  six  ships  ;  and  the 
others  went  to  Essex,  to  Eadulfsness  (Walton  on  the  Naze), 
and  there  did  harm,  and  went  again  to  their  ships.  Then  lay 
earl  Godwine  and  earl  Biorn  at  Pevensey,  with  their  ships. 
Then  came  earl  Swegeii  with  guile,  and  prayed  earl  Biorn 
that  he  would  be  his  companion  to  the  king  at  Sandwich, 
saying  that  he  would  swear  oaths  to  him,  and  be  faithful  to 
him.  Then  Biorn  fancied  that,  on  account  of  their  kinship,  he 


310. 


of  Wells, 
of  Ramsey 
307, 


An.  M.XLVI.    In  this  year  was  the  great  synod  at  Rheims. 
Thereat  were  Leo  the  pope,  and  the  archbishop  of  *  Burgundy,  *  Lyons. 
and  the  archbishop  of  BesaiiQon,  and  the  archbishop  of  Treves, 
and  the   archbishop  of  Rheims,    and  many  a  man    besides, 
both  ecclesiastical  and  lay.     And  king  Eadward  sent  thither 

*  bishop  Dudoc,  and  Wulfric,  abbot   of  St.   Augustine's,  and 

*  abbot  .^Elfwiue,  that  they  might  make  known  to   the  king 
what  should  be  there  determined  for  Christendom.     And  in 
this  same  year  king  Eadward  went  out  to  Sandwich  with  a 
great  naval  force  ;  and  earl  Swegen,  earl  Godwine's  son,  came 
into  Bosham  with  seven  ships,  and  made  his  peace  with  the 
king  ;    and   it   was    promised    him   that   he   should   be    held 
1  worthy  of  all  the  things  that  he  before  possessed.    Then  earl 
Harold  his  brother  and  2  earl  Biorn  said  in  opposition,  that  he 
should  not  be  worthy  of  any  of  the  things  which  the  king  had 
granted  him  ;  but  a  safeguard  of  four  nights  was  fixed  to  him 
for  his  ships.     Then  it  was,  during  that  time,  that  word  came 
to  the  king  that  hostile  ships  lay  westward  and  harried.  Then 
went  earl  Godwine  west  about  with  two  of  the  king's  ships, 
the   one  commanded  by  earl  Harold,   and  the  other  by  his 
brother  Tostig,  and  forty-two    ships  of  the  country  people. 


1  That  is  law-worthy,  or  legally 
entitled  to. 

2  Biorn  was  a  son  of  Ulf  jarl 


and  Astrith,  sister  of  Cnut,  and 
brother  of  Svein,  king  of  Den- 
mark. 


140 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


would  not  deceive  him.  He  then  took  three  companions  with 
him,  and  they  rode  to  Bosham,  as  if  they  would  go  to  Sand- 
wich, where  Swegen's  ships  lay.  And  they  immediately  bound 
him  and  led  him  to  a  ship,  and  then  went  to  Dartmouth,  and 
there  he  caused  him  to  be  slain  and  deeply  buried.  But  his 
kinsman  Harold  fetched  him  thence,  and  conveyed  him  to  Win- 
chester, and  there  buried  him  by  king  Cnut  his  uncle.  And 
the  king  then,  and  all  the  army  declared  Swegen  a  l  i  nithing.' 
He  had  eight  ships  before  he  murdered  Biorn  ;  after  that  all 
but  two  forsook  him.  And  he  then  went  to  Bruges,  and  there 
abode  with  Baldwine.  And  in  this  year  died  Eadnoth,  the  good 
of  Dorchester.  *  bishop,  in  Oxfordshire;  and  Oswig,  abbot  of  Thorney,  and 
Wulfiioth,  abbot  of  Westminster  :  and  king  Eadward  gave  the 
bishopric  to  2  Ulf  his  priest,  and  ill  bestowed  it.  And  in  this 
same  year  king  Eadward  discharged  nine  ships  from  pay,  and 


3  Then  was  earl  Harold  moved  up  to  the  king's  ship  which  earl 
Harold  before  commanded.'  They  then  went  west  to  Pevensey, 
and  lay  there  weather-bound.  Then  two  days  after  this,  earl 
Swegen  came  thither,  and  spoke  with  his  father  and  with  earl 
Biorn,  and  prayed  Biorn  that  he  would  go  with  him  to  the 
king  at  Sandwich,  and  aid  him  to  the  king's  friendship,  and 
he  thereto  assented.  They  then  went  as  if  they  would  go  to 
the  king.  Then,  while  they  were  riding,  Swegen  begged  of 
him  that  he  would  go  with  him  to  his  ships,  saying  that  his 
shipmen  would  go  from  him,  unless  he  the  more  speedily  came. 
They  then  went  both  to  where  his  ships  lay.  When  they  came 
thither,  earl  Swegen  prayed  him  that  he  would  go  with  him 
on  shipboard.  He  refused  vehemently,  so  long  until  his  ship- 
men  seized  him,  and  threw  him  into  the  boat,  and  bound  him, 
and  rowed  to  the  ship,  and  put  him  therein  ;  then  hoisted 
their  sails,  and  ran  west  to  Exmouth,  and  had  him  with  them 
until  they  slew  him  :  and  they  took  the  body,  and  buried  it  in 
a  church.  And  then  came  his  friends  and  sailors  from  London 
and  took  him  up,  and  conveyed  him  to  Winchester,  to  the  Old 
monastery,  and  he  is  there  buried  by  king  Cuut  his  uncle. 


1  a  wretch,  outlaw. 
-  "  genere   Nortmannus.' 
Wigorn. 


Flor. 


3  This  passage  I  am  unable  to  ex- 
plain :  it  is  apparently  corrupt  or 
defective. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  141 

they  went  away  ships  and  all  ;  and  five  ships  remained  behind, 
and  the  king  promised  them  twelve  months'  pay.  And  in  the 
same  year  bishop  Hereman  and  bishop  Ealdred  went  to  Rome 
to  the  pope,  on  the  king's  errand. 

An.  M.L.  In  this  year,  the  bishops  came  home  from  Rome  ;          312, 
and  earl  Swegen  was  inlawed.     And  in  this  same  year  died 
archbishop  Eadsige,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of  November 


And  Swegen  then  went  east  to  Baldwine's  land,  and  resided 

there  all  the  winter,  at  Bruges,  with  his  full  protection.     And 

in  the  same  year  died  *  bishop  Eadnoth  in  the  north,  and  Ulf  *  of  Dorchester. 

was  appointed  bishop.a 

An.  M.L.  — l  Thither  came  also  earl  Swegen,  who  had  before 
gone  from  this  land  to  Denmark,  and  had  there  ruined  himself 
with  the  Danes.  He  came  hither  with  guile,  saying  that  he 
would  again  submit  to  the  king.  And  earl  Biorn  promised 
him  that  he  would  support  him.  Then  after  the  reconciliation 
was  of  the  emperor  and  Baldwine,  many  of  the  ships  went 
home,  and  the  king  remained  behind  at  Sandwich  with  a  few 
ships  :  and  earl  Godwine  also  went  with  forty-two  ships  from 
Sandwich  to  Pevensey,  and  earl  Biorn  went  with  him.  Then 
it  was  made  known  to  the  king  that  Osgod  lay  at  Wulpe  with 
thirty-nine  ships  ;  and  the  king  sent  after  the  ships,  which  he 
could  send  off,  which  had  before  gone  home.  And  Osgod 
fetched  his  wife  from  Bruges,  and  they  went  back  again  with 
six  ships.  And  the  others  went  to  'Sussex,  to  Eadulfsness, ' 
and  there  did  harm,  and  returned  to  their  ships  :  and  then  a 
strong  wind  came  against  them,  so  that  they  were  all  destroyed 
but  four,  the  crews  of  which  were  slain  beyond  sea.  While 
carl  Godwine  and  earl  Biorn  lay  at  Pevensey,  earl  Swegen 
came,  and  with  guile  prayed  earl  Biorn,  who  was  his  uncle's 
son,  that  he  would  be  his  companion  to  the  king  at  Sandwich, 
and  better  his  affairs  with  him.  He  went  then,  on  account  of 
their  kinship,  with  three  companions,  and  he  led  him  towards 
Bosham,  where  his  ships  lay  ;  and  then  they  bound  him,  and 
led  him  on  shipboard,  then  went  thence  with  him  to  Dart- 

1  Continued  from  1.  16.  p,  138. 


a  E.  F,  M.XLVIII.  F. 


142 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


(Oct.  29th)  ;  and  also,  in  this  same  year,  died  ^Elfric,  arch- 
bishop of  York,  on  the  xith  of  the  Kal.  of  February 
(Jan.  22nd)  ;  and  his  body  lies  at  Peterborough.  Then  king 
Eadward  held  a  '  witena-gemot '  in  London  at  Midlent,  and 
appointed  Robert  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  abbot  Spear  - 
hafoc  to  London  ;  and  gave  to  bishop  Rothulf,  his  kinsman, 
the  abbacy  of  Abingdon.  And  in  the  same  year  he  discharged 
all  the  '  lithsmen  '  from  pay. 


mouth,  and  there  ordered  him  to  be  slain,  and  deeply  buried. 
He  was  afterwards  found,  and  conveyed  to  Winchester,  and 
buried  by  king  Cnut  his  uncle.  A  little  before  that,  the  men 
of  Hastings  and  thereabouts  won  two  of  his  ships  with  their 
ships,  and  slew  all  the  men,  and  brought  the  ships  to  Sand- 
wich to  the  king.  He  had  eight  ships  before  he  inveigled 
Biorn  ;  after  that  all  forsook  him  but  two.  In  the  same  year 
arrived  in  the  Welsh  Axe  (Usk  ?)  thirty-six  ships  from  Ire- 

*  of  S.  Wales.       land,  and  thereabouts  did  harm,  with  the  aid  of  *  Griffith,  the 

Welsh  king.      People  were  then  gathered  against  them,  there 

*  of  Worcester,    was  also  *  bishop  Ealdred  with  them  ;  but  they  had  too  little 

support ;  and  they  came  unawares  upon  them  at  quite  early 
morn,  and  there  slew  many  good  men,  and  the  others  escaped 
along  with  the  bishop;  this  was  done  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of 
August  (July  29th).  In  this  year  died  in  Oxfordshire  Oswig, 
abbot  of  Thorney,  and  Wulfnoth,  abbot  of  Westminster  ;  and 
Ulf  the  priest  was  placed  as  pastor  to  the  bishopric  that 
Eadnoth  had  held ;  but  he  was  afterwards  driven  away, 
because  he  performed  nothing  bishoplike  therein,  so  that  it 
shames  us  now  to  tell  more.  And  1  bishop  Siward  died  ;  he 
lies  at  Abingdon.  And  in  this  year  was  hallowed  the  great 

*  IX.  monastery  at  Rheims  ;   there  were  the   pope  *  Leo,    and   the 

*  Henry  in.       *  emperor  ;    and    they  had    a    great  synod   there  concerning 

God's  service.  At  that  synod  presided  the  pope  St.  Leo.  It  is 
difficult  to  know  (the  names)  of  the  bishops  who  came  thither, 
and  certainly  of  the  abbots  ;  and  from  this  land  two  were 

*  at  Canterbury,  sent,  from  *  St.  Augustine's  and  from  Ramsey.a 

1  "  Edsii  Dorubernensis  archiepiscopi  corepiscopus."  Flor.  Wigorn. 


D. 


THE  A-tfGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  1-13 

An.  M.LI.  In  this  year  archbishop  Eobert  came  hither  over 
sea  with  his  pall.     And  in  this  same  year  earl  Godwiue  and 


An.  M.LI.  In  this  year  died  Eadsige,  archbishop  of  Canter 
bury,  and  the  king  gave  the  archbishopric  to  Robert  the 
Frenchman,  who  had  before  been  bishop  of  London.  And 
Spearhafoc,  abbot  of  Abingdon,  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  of 
London  ;  and  it  was  afterwards  taken  from  him  ere  he  was 
ordained.  And  bishop  Hereman  and  bishop  Ealdred  went  to 
Rome.a 

An.  M.XLVII.  (M.XLIX.)  In  this  year  there  was  a  great  309. 
council  at  London  at  Midlent,  and  nine  ships  of  *  lithsmen '  were 
discharged,  and  five  remained  behind.  And  in  this  same  year 
earl  Swegen  came  to  England.  And  in  this  same  year  was  the 
great  synod  at  Rome  ;  and  king  Eadward  sent  thither  bishop 
HerSman  and  bishop  Ealdred  ;  and  they  came  thither  on 
Easter-eve.  And  afterwards  the  pope  had  a  synod  at  Vercelli, 
and  bishop  Ulf  came  thereto  ;  and  they  were  very  near 
breaking  his  staff,  if  he  had  not  given  the  greater  treasures, 
because  he  could  not  do  his  offices  so  well  as  he  should.  And 
in  this  year  died  archbishop  Eadsige,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal. 
of  November  (Oct.  29th).b 

An.  M.XLVIII.  In  this  year  king  Eadward  appointed  Robert  313. 
of  London  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  Lent.  And  in  the 
same  Lent  he  went  to  Rome  after  his  pall.  And  the  king 
gave  the  bishopric  of  London  to  Spearhafoc,  abbot  of  Abing- 
don ;  and  the  king  gave  the  abbacy  of  Abingdon  to  bishop 
Rothulf,  his  kinsman.  Then  came  the  archbishop  from  Rome, 
one  day  before  St.  Peter's  mass-eve,  and  occupied  his  archi- 
episcopal  chair  on  St.  Peter's  mass-day  (June  29th) ;  and  im- 
mediately after  went  to  the  king.  Then  came  abbot  Spear- 
hafoc to  him,  with  the  king's  letter  and  seal,  to  the  end  that 
he  should  ordain  him  bishop  of  London.  Then  the  archbishop 
refused,  and  said,  that  the  pope  had  forbidden  it  him.  Then 
the  abbot  again  applied  to  the  archbishop  for  that  purpose, 
and  then  claimed  episcopal  ordination,  and  the  archbishop 


a  D.  b  E.  F. 


144  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

all  his  sons  were  banished  from  England.     And  he  and  his 
wife,  and  his  three  sons,  Swegen,  and  Tostig,  and  Gyrth,  went 


firmly  refused  him,  and  said,  that  the  pope  had  forbidden  it  him. 
The  abbot  then  went  to  London,  and  resided  in  the  bishopric, 
which  the  king  had  before  given  him,  with  his  full  leave,  all 
*^e  summer  and  the  autumn.  fAnd  then  came  *  Eustace  from 
beyond  sea  immediately  after  the  bishop,  and  went  to  the  king, 
and  spoke  with  him  that  which  he  wished,  and  then  went 
homewards.  When  he  came  east  to  Canterbury,  he  and  his 
men  took  refection  there,  and  went  to  Dover.  When  he  was 
a  few  miles  or  more  on  this  side  of  Dover,  he  put  on  his  coat 
of  mail,  and  all  his  companions,  and  went  to  Dover.  When 
they  came  thither,  they  would  lodge  themselves  where  it 
pleased  them.  Then  came  one  of  his  men,  and  would  quarter 
315.  himself  in  the  house  of  an  inhabitant,  against  his  will,  and 
wounded  the  inhabitant ;  and  the  inhabitant  slew  the  other. 
Then  Eustace  mounted  upon  his  horse,  and  his  companions 
upon  theirs,  and  slew  him  within  his  own  home  ;  and  then 
went  towards  the  town,  and  slew,  both  within  and  without, 
more  than  twenty  men.  And  the  townsmen,  on  the  other 
side,  slew  nineteen  men,  and  wounded  they  knew  not  how 
many.  And  Eustace  escaped  with  a  few  men,  and  went  again 
to  the  king,  and  made  known  to  him  in  part  how  they  had 
fared.  And  the  king  became  very  furious  against  the  towns- 
men. And  the  king  sent  off  earl  Godwine,  and  bade  him  go 
into  Kent  with  hostility  to  Dover ;  for  Eustace  had  declared 
to  the  king  that  it  had  been  more  the  sin  of  the  townsfolk  than 
his:  but  it  was  not  so.  And  the  earl  would  not  agree  to  the 
inroad,  because  he  was  loath  to  injure  his  own  followers. 
Then  the  king  sent  after  all  his  'witan,'  and  bade  them  come 
to  Gloucester  near  the  after-mass  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  8th). 
The  Welshmen  had  then  built  a  castle  in  Herefordshire, 
among  the  followers  of  earl  Swegen,  and  wrought  every  kind 
of  harm  and  insult  to  the  king's  men  thereabout  that  they 
could.  Then  came  earl  Godwine,  and  earl  Swegen,  and  earl 
Harold,  together  at  Beverston,  and  many  men  with  them,  in 
order  that  they  might  go  to  their  royal  lord  and  to  all  the 
'witan'  who  were  gathered  with  him,  that  they  might  have 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  145 

to  Bruges;  and  Harold  and  Leofwine  went  to  Ireland,  and 
there  dwelt  the  winter.  And  in  this  same  year  died  the  old 
lady,  king  Eadward's  and  Harthacnut's  mother,  named  Emma, 


the  counsel  and  support  of  the  king  and  of  all  the  i  witan,' 
how  they  might  avenge  the  insult  to  the  king  and  to  all  the 
nation.  Then  were  the  Welshmen  beforehand  with  the  king, 
and  accused  the  earls,  so  that  they  might  not  come  within  his 
eyesight,  for  they  said  that  they  would  come  thither  to  betray 
the  king.  Thither  had  come  *  earl  Siward,  and  earl  f  Leofric, 
and  many  people  with  them  from  the  north,  to  the  king;  tofMercia. 
and  it  was  made  known  to  earl  Godwine  and  his  sons,  that  the 
king  and  the  men  who  were  with  him  would  resolve  con- 
cerning them,  and  they  arrayed  themselves  firmly  on  the  other 
hand;  though  it  was  hateful  to  them  that  they  should  stand 
against  their  royal  lord.  Then  the  *  witan  '  decreed,  that  on 
each  side  every  kind  of  evil  should  cease,  and  the  king  gave 
God's  peace  and  his  full  friendship  to  each  side.  Then  the  316. 
king  and  his  ' witan'  decreed  that,  for  the  second  time,  a 
( gemot '  of  all  the  '  witan '  should  be  held  in  London  at  the 
autumnal  equinox;  and  the  king  ordered  the  army  to  be  called 
out,  both  south  of  Thames  and  north;  *  all  that  ever  was  best, 
Swegen  was  then  declared  an  outlaw,  and  earl  Godwine  and 
earl  Harold  were  summoned  to  the  'gemot,'  as  speedily  as 
they  could  come  to  it.  When  they  had  come  *  thither,  they  *  to  London, 
were  summoned  to  the  *  gemot ;'  then  he  desired  a  safe- 
conduct  and  hostages,  so  that  he  might  come  securely  into  the 
( gemot '  and  out  of  the  '  gemot.'  Then  the  king  required  all 
the  thanes  whom  the  earls  before  had,  and  they  gave  them  all 
into  his  hand.  Then  the  king  sent  again  to  them,  and  com- 
manded them  that  they  should  come  with  xii.  men  to  the  king*s 
council.  Then  the  earl  again  desired  a  safe-conduct  and  host- 
ages, that  he  might  clear  himself  of  each  of  the  things  that  he 
was  charged  with.  Then  the  hostages  were  refused  him,  and  he 
was  decreed  a  safe* conduct  for  five  nights  to  go  out  of  the  land.  317, 
And  earl  Godwine  and  earl  Swegen  then  went  to  Bosham,  and 


1  "  qui  meliores  in  sua  et  illorum  parte  erant."     Flor.  Wigorn. 
VOL.   II.  K 


146  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

on  the  imd  of  the  Ides  of  March  (Mar.  14);  and  her  body  lies 
in  the  Old  monastery  by  king  Cnut. 

V"  An.  M.LII.  In  this  year  earl  Harold  came  from  Ireland 
with  ships  to  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  near  to  the  boun- 
daries of  Somersetshire  and  Devonshire,  and  greatly  ravaged 
there;  and  the  country  people  gathered  against  him,  both 
from  Somersetshire  and  Devonshire,  and  he  put  them  to  flight, 
and  slew  there  more  than  thirty  good  thanes,  besides 
other  people ;  and  immediately  after  that  he  went  about - 
Penwithsteort  (the  Land's  End).  And  then  king  Eadward 
caused  forty  smacks  to  be  equipped.  They  lay  at  Sand- 
wich many  weeks  ;  they  were  to  lie  in  wait  for  earl  God- 
wine,  who  was  in  Bruges  that  winter,  and  yet  he  came  hither 


shoved  out  their  ships,  and  went  beyond  sea,  and  sought  Bald- 
wine's  protection,  and  dwelt  there  all  the  winter.  And  earl 
Harold  went  west  to  Ireland,  and  was  there  all  the  winter  un- 
der the  king's  protection.  And  shortly  after  this  was,  the  king 
forsook  the  lady  who  had  been  hallowed  his  queen,  and  caused 
to  be  taken  from  her  all  that  she  owned,  in  land,  and  in  gold, 
and  in  silver,  and  in  all  things,  and  committed  her  to  his  sister 
at  Wherwell.  And  abbot  Spearhafoc  was  then  driven  out  of 
the  bishopric  of  London,  and  William,  the  king's  priest,  was 
ordained  thereto.  And  Odda  was  then  set  as  earl  over  Devon- 
shire, and  over  Somersetshire,  and  over  Dorset,  and  over 
Wales  ;  and  JElfgar,  son  of  earl  Leofric,  was  set  over  the 
earldom  which  Harold  had  before  possessed.31 
V  An.  M.LII.  In  this  year  died  JElfric,  archbishop  of  York, 
a  very  venerable  and  wise  man.  And  in  the  same  year  king 
Eadward  abolished  the  military  contribution  (heregyld)  which 
king  JEthelred  had  before  imposed  :  that  was  in  the  nine  and 
thirtieth  year  after  he  had  begun  it.  That  tax  distressed  all 
the  English  nation  during  so  long  a  space  as  is  here  above 
written.  That  was  always  paid  before  other  taxes,  which 
were  variously  paid,  and  with  which  people  were  manifoldly 
distressed.  In  the  same  year  'Eustace  landed  at  Dover,  who 
had  king  Eadward's  sister  to  wife.  Then  his  men  went 


E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  147 

to  land  first,  so  that  they  did  not  know  it.  And  in  the 
time  that  he  was  here  in  the  land  he  enticed  to  him  all 
the  Kentish  men,  and  all  the  l '  butse-carls  '  (shipmen)  from 
Hastings,  and  everywhere  there  by  the  sea  coast,  and  all  the 
east  end,  and  Sussex,  and  Surrey,  and  much  else  in  addition 
thereto  ;  then  all  said  that  with  him  they  would  die  and  live. 
When  the  fleet  which  lay  at  Sandwich  was  apprized  of  God- 
wine's  course  they  set  out  after  him,  and  he  escaped  them  ; 
he  secured  himself  wherever  he  could,  and  the  fleet  went  again 
to  Sandwich,  and  so  homeward  to  London.  When  Godwine 
learned  that  the  fleet  which  had  lain  at  Sandwich  was  gone  313. 
home,  he  went  again  to  Wight,  and  lay  thereabouts  by  the  sea- 
coast  until  earl  Harold  his  son  and  he  came  together.  And 
they  did  no  great  harm  after  they  came  together,  except  that 
they  took  provisions;  but  they  enticed  to  them  all  the  country- 
folk by  the  sea-coast,  and  also  up  in  the  country,  and  then 
went  towards  Sandwich,  and  collected  ever  on  with  them  all 
the  '  butse-carls  '  that  they  met  with,  and  then  came  to  Sand- 


^foolishly  after  quarters,  and  one  man  of  the  town  they  slew, 
and  another  man  of  the  town,  their  companion,  so  that  there 
lay  seven  of  his  companions.  And  great  harm  was  there  done 
on  each  side,  with  horse  and  also  with  weapons,  until  the 
people  gathered  ;  and  they  then  fled,  until  they  came  to  the 
king  at  Gloucester,  and  he  gave  them  protection.  When 
earl  Godwine  understood  that  such  things  should  have  hap- 
pened in  his  earldom,  he  began  to  gather  people  over  all  his  314, 
earldom;  and  earl  Swegen,  his  son,  over  his,  and  Harold,  his  , 

other  son,  over  his  earldom ;  {find  they  all  gathered  in  Glou- 
cestershire, at  Langtree,  a  great  and  countless  force,  all  ready 
for  war  against  the  king,  unless  Eustace  were  given  up,  and 
his  men  delivered  into  their  hands,  and  also  the  Frenchmen 
who  were  in  the  castle.  This  was  done  seven  nights  before 
the  latter  mass  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  1st).  King  Eadward  was  then 
residing  at  Gloucester.  He  then  sent  after  *earl  Leofric,  and  *  Of  Mercia. 
north  after  *earl  Siward,  and  required  their  followers.  And  *  9?  Northum- 

bria. 


1  The  first  component  of  this  word  I  buss ;  O.  Nor.  bussa,  a  large  boat ; 
is,  no  doubt,  our  buss,  as  in  herring-  \  Old  High  Ger.  buso, 

K   2 


148  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

wich  with  an  overwhelming  army.  When  king  Eadward 
learned  that,  he  sent  up  after  more  succour,  but  it  came  very 
slowly;  and  Godwine  with  his  fleet  ever  inclined  towards 
London,  until  he  came  to  Southwark,  and  there  waited  some- 
while  until  the  flood  came  up.  In  that  time  he  also  arranged 
with  the  townsfolk,  so  that  they  almost  all  would  that  which 
he  would.  When  he  had  settled  all  his  proceedings,  then  came 
the  flood;  and  they  then  immediately  drew  up  their  anchors, 
and  steered  through  the  bridge  by  the  south  shore;  and  the 


/they  then  came  to  him,  first  with  a  moderate  aid,  but  when  they 
knew  how  it  was  there  in  the  south,  they  sent  north  over  all 
their  earldoms,  and  caused  a  great  force  to  be  ordered  out,  for 
the  help  of  their  lord  ;  and  '  Ralph  also,  over  his  earldom ; 
and  then  they  all  came  to  Gloucester  to  the  king's  help,  though 
it  was  late.  Then  were  they  all  so  unanimous  with  the  king, 
that  they  would  have  sought  Godwine's  force,  if  the  king  had 
willed  it.  Then  some  thought  that  it  would  be  great  folly 
that  they  should  engage,  because  there  was  most  of  what  was 
most  illustrious  in  England  in  the  two  bodies ;  and  thought 
that  they  would  expose  the  land  to  our  foes,  and  cause  great 
destruction  among  ourselves.  They  then  advised  that  hostages 
should  be  mutually  given,  and  a  rendezvous  appointed  at 
London;  and  thither  the  people  were  ordered  out  over  all  this 
north  end,  in  Siward's  earldom,  and  in  Leofric's,  and  also 
elsewhere;  and  earl  Godwine  and  his  sons  should  come  thither 
\vith  their  defence.  They  came  then  to  Southwark,  and  a 
great  multitude  with  them  from  Wessex;  but  his  band  waned 
ever  the  longer  the  more.  And  they  bound  to  the  king  by 
surety  all  the  thanes  who  were  under  his  son,  earl  Harold ; 
and  they  then  outlawed  earl  Swegen,  his  other  son.  Then 
it  did  not  suit  him  to  come  with  a  defence  to  meet  the  king, 
and  to  meet  the  army  that  was  with  him.  He  then  went  away 
by  night;  and  on  the  morrow  the  king  had  a  '  witena-gemot  ;' 
and,  also  all  the  army,  declared  him  outlaw,  him  and  all  his 
sons,  and  he  went  south  to  Thorney,  and  his  wife,  and  his  son 


1  He  was  the   son  of  Ead^ard's  sister  Goda,  married  to  Eustace  of 
Boulogne. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  14)9 

land-force  came  from  above,  and  arrayed  themselves  along 
the  strand;  and  they  then  inclined  with  the  ships  towards  the 
north  shore,  as  if  they  would  hem  in  the  king's  ships.  The 
king  had  also  a  great  land-force  on  his  side,  besides  his  ship- 
men  ;  but  it  was  repugnant  to  almost  all  of  them  that  they 
should  fight  against  men  of  their  own  race;  for  there  was 
little  else  there  who  could  do  anything  great,  except  English- 
men on  each  side  ;  and  also  they  would  not  that  this  country 


Swegen,  and  Tostig  and  his  wife,  Baldwine  of  Bruges'  kins- 
woman, and  his  son  Gyrth.  And  earl  Harold  and  Leofwine 
went  to  Bristol,  in  the  ship  which  earl  Swegen  had  before 
made  ready  and  provisioned  for  himself.  And  the  king  sent 
bishop  *  Ealdred  from  London  with  a  body  of  men;  and  they  *  of  Worcester, 
were  to  overtake  him  ere  he  came  on  shipboard;  but  they 
could  not,  or  they  would  not.  And  he  then  went  out  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Avon,  and  encountered  such  rigorous 
weather,  that  he  with  difficulty  got  away;  and  he  there  sus- 
tained much  damage.  He  then  went  on  to  Ireland,  when 
favourable  weather  came.  And  Godwine  and  those  who  were 
with  him  went  from  Thorney  to  Bruges,  to  Baldwine's  land,  in 
a  ship,  with  as  much  treasure  as  they  could  possibly  stow  for 
each  man.  It  would  have  seemed  wonderful  to  every  man  that 
was  in  England,  if  any  man  before  that  had  said  that  it  would 
so  happen;  for  he  had  been  before  exalted  to  that  degree,  as  if 
he  ruled  the  king  and  all  England;  and  his  sons  were  earls  and 
the  king's  darlings,  and  his  daughter  was  wedded  and  married 
to  the  king  :  she  was  brought  to  Wherwell,  and  committed  to 
the  abbess.  Then  soon  came  count  *  William  from  beyond  sea,  *  of  Normandy, 
with  a  great  body  of  Frenchmen,  and  the  king  received  him 
and  as  many  of  his  companions  as  it  pleased  him,  and  let  him 
go  again.1  In  this  same  year  the  bishopric  of  London  was 
given  to  William  the  priest,  which  had  before  been  given  to 
Spearhafoc.* 

An.  M.LII.  In  this  year  died  ^Elfgyfu  the  lady,  relict  of 
king  JEthelred  and  king  Cnut,  on  the  und  of  the  Nones  of 
March  (Mar.  6th).  In  the  same  year  Griffith,  the  Welsh  king, 


150 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


320. 


a.  M.XXXIX. 


should  be  the  more  exposed  to  outlandish  peoples,  in  conse- 
quence of  their  destroying  each  other.  They  then  resolved 
that  wise  men  should  be  sent  between  them,  and  they  settled  a 
peace  on  each  side.  And  Godwine  and  his  son  Harold  landed, 
and  of  their  fleet  as  many  as  to  them  seemed  good.  And  then 
there  was  a  *  witena-gemot ;'  and  to  Godwine  was  his  earldom 
clean  given,  as  full  and  as  free  as  he  first  possessed  it ;  and  in 


harried  in  Herefordshire  until  he  came  very  near  to  Leomin- 
ster  ;  and  the  men  gathered  against  him,  both  the  countrymen 
and  the  Frenchmen  from  the  castle  ;  and  there  were  slain 
very  many  good  men  of  the  English  and  also  of  the  French. 
That  was  on  the  same  day  thirteen  years  on  which  *Eadwine 
was  slain  with  his  companions,  etc.a 

An.  M.LII.  In  this  year  died  JElfgyfu  Emma,  the  mother  of 
king  Eadward  and  king  Harthacnut;  and  in  the  same  year  the 
king  and  his  '  witan  '  resolved  that  ships  should  be  sent  out  to 
Sandwich,  and  they  set  earl  Ralph  and  *earl  Odda  as  captains 
thereto.  Then  earl  Godwine  went  out  from  Bruges  with  his 
ships  to  Ysere  (Ysendyk),  and  set  sail  one  day  before  Midsum- 
mer's mass-eve,  so  that  he  came  to  Nsess  (Dungeness),  which 
is  to  the  south  of  Romney.1  It  then  came  to  be  known  to  the 
earls  out  at  Sandwich,  and  they  went  out  after  the  other  ships, 
and  a  land-force  was  ordered  out  against  the  ships.  Then  in 
the  meanwhile  earl  Godwine  was  warned,  and  betook  himself 
to  Pevensey ;  and  the  weather  was  very  violent,  so  that  the 
earls  could  not  know  how  earl  Godwine  had  fared.  And  then 
earl  Godwine  went  out  again  until  he  came  again  to  Bruges, 
and  the  other  ships  betook  themselves  again  to  Sandwich.  And 
it  was  then  resolved  that  the  ships  should  again  return  to 
London,  and  that  other  earls  and  other  chief  officers  should 
be  appointed  to  the  ships.  It  was  then  so  long  delayed  that 
the  naval  force  all  .lagged  behind,  and  all  betook  themselves 


1  See  contination  as  in  F.,  p.  153. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  151 

like  manner  to  his  sons,  all  tKat  they  had  before  possessed  ; 
and  to  his  wife  and  his  daughter,  all  as  full  and  as  free  as 
they  had  before  possessed.  And  they  confirmed  between  them 
full  friendship,  and  to  all  the  people  they  promised  good  law. 


home.  Then  was  earl  Godwine  apprized  of  that,  and,  toge-  319. 
ther  with  his  fleet,  hoisted  his  sails,  and  they  at  once  betook 
themselves  to  Wight,  and  there  landed,  and  there  harried  so  long 
until  the  people  paid  them  as  much  as  they  imposed  on  them. 
And  then  they  went  westward  until  they  came  to  Portland, 
and  there  they  landed  and  did  whatever  harm  they  could  do. 
Harold  was  then  come  out  from  Ireland,  with  nine  ships,  and 
landed  at  Porlock,  and  there  much  people  was  gathered  against 
him,  but  he  failed  not  to  procure  him  food  ;  then  went  up 
and  slew  a  great  number  of  people,  and  took  to  him  in  cattle, 
and  in  men,  and  in  property,  as  it  might  happen.  And  he  then 
betook  himself  eastward  to  his  father  ;  and  then  they  both 
betook  themselves  eastward  until  they  came  to  Wight,  and 
took  there  what  they  had  before  left  behind  them.  And  they 
then  betook  themselves  thence  to  Pevensey,  and  got  on  with 
them  as  many  ships  as  were  there  ready;  and  so  on  until  he 
came  to  Nness  (Dungeness) ;  and  got  all  the  ships  that  were  in 
Romney,  and  in  Hythe,  and  in  Folkestone,  and  went  then 
east  to  Dover,  and  landed  there,  and  there  took  them  ships 
and  hostages  as  many  as  they  would,  and  so  went  to  Sand- 
wich, and  did  just  the  same  ;  and  hostages  were  everywhere 
given  them,  and  provisions  wherever  they  desired.  And 
then  they  betook  themselves  to  Northmouth,  and  so  towards 
London  ;  and  some  of  the  ships  went,  within  Shepey,  and 
there  did  great  harm,  and  betook  themselves  to  King's  Mid- 
dleton  and  burned  it  all,  and  then  went  to  London  after 
the  earls.  When  they  came  to  London,  the  king  and  all  the 
earls  lay  against  them  with  fifty  ships.  The  earls  then  sent 
to  the  king,  and  craved  of  him  that  they  might  be  'worthy  321. 


'See  page  139,  note  l. 


152  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

And  they  then  outlawed  all  the  Frenchmen  who  had  before 
raised  up  unjust  law,  and  judged  unjust  judgments,  and 
counselled  evil  counsel  in  this  country;  except  so  many  as  they 
resolved  on  that  the  king  might  like  to  have  with  him,  who 
were  true  to  him  and  all  his  people.  And  archbishop  Robert, 
and  bishopWilliam,  and  bishop  Ulf,  with  difficulty  escaped,  with 
the  Frenchmen  who  were  with  them,  and  so  went  over  sea. 
And  earl  Godwiue,  and  Harold,  and  the  queen,  resided  on  their 
property.}  Swegen  had  before  gone  to  Jerusalem  from  Bruges, 


of  each  of  those  things  which  had  been  unjustly  taken  from 
them.  Then  the  king,  however,  refused  for  some  while  ;  so 
long  until  the  people  who  were  with  the  earl  were  much 
excited  against  the  king  and  against  his  folk;  so  that  the  earl 
himself  with  difficulty  stilled  the  people.  Then  went  bishop 
Stigand  to  them,  with  God's  support,  and  the  wise  men,  both 
within  the  town  and  without,  and  they  resolved  that  hostages 
should  be  fixed  on  each  side,  and  it  was  so  done.  When 
archbishop  Robert  and  the  Frenchmen  were  apprized  of  that, 
they  took  their  horses,  and  went,  some  to  Pentecost's  castle, 
some  north  to  Robert's  castle.  And  archbishop  Robert,  with 
bishop  Ulf,  and  their  companions,  went  out  at  East-gate  and 
slew  and  otherwise  maltreated  many  young  men,  and  straight- 
ways  betook  themselves  to  Eadulfsness  (Walton-on-the-Naze) ; 
and  there  lighted  on  a  crazy  ship,  and  he  betook  himself  at 
once  over  sea,  and  left  his  pall  and  all  Christianity  here  in  the 
country,  so  as  God  willed  it,  as  he  had  before  obtained  the 
dignity,  as  God  willed  it  not.  Then  a  great  '  gemot '  was 
proclaimed  without  London,  and  all  the  earls  and  the  best  men 
that  were  in  this  country  were  at  the  « gemot.'  There  God- 
wine  brought  forth  his  speech,  and  there  declared  before  king 
Eadward  his  lord,  and  before  all  the  people  of  the  land,  that 
he  was  guiltless  of  that  which  was  laid  to  his  charge,  and  to 
Harold  his  son's,  and  all  his  children's.  And  the  king  gave  to 
the  earl  and  his  children  his  full  friendship  and  full  earldom, 
and  all  that  he  had  before  possessed,  and  to  all  the  men  who 
'Eadgyth.  were  with  him  ;  and  the  king  gave  to  the  "lady  all  that  she 
before  owned.  And  archbishop  Robert  was  without  reserve 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  153 

and  died  when  homeward,  at  Constantinople,  at  Michaelmas. 
It  was  on  the  Monday  after  St.  Mary's  mass  (Sept.  14th), 
that  Godwine  with  his  ships  came  to  Southwark  ;  and  the 
morning  after,  on  the  Tuesday,  they  were  reconciled,  as  it  here 
before  stands.  Godwine  then  sickened  shortly  after  he  landed 
and  l  re-embarked  :  but  he  made  altogether  too  little  repara- 
tion for  the  property  of  God  which  he  had  from  many  holy 
places.  In  the  same  year  came  the  strong  wind  on  Thomas' 
mass-night  (Dec.  21st),  and  everywhere  did  much  harm  ;  also 
was  Rhys,  the  Welsh  king's  brother,  slain. 


declared  an  outlaw,  and  all  the  Frenchmen,  because  they  had 
chiefly  made  the  discord  between  earl  Godwine  and  the  king. 
And  bishop  Stigand  succeeded  to  the  archbishopric  of  Canter- 
bury ;  and  at  this  same  time  Arnwi,  abbot  of  Peterborough, 
left  the  abbacy  in  sound  health,  and  gave  it  to  Leofric,  a 
monk,  by  leave  of  the  king  and  of  the  monks  ;  and  abbot 
Arnwi  lived  afterwards  eight  winters.  And  the  abbot  Leofric 
then  so  enriched  the  monastery  that  it  was  called  the  golden 
borough  ;  it  then  waxed  greatly  in  land,  and  in  gold,  and  in 
silver.* 

An.  M.LII.  — and  so  went  to  Wight,  and  took  there  all  the 
ships  which  might  be  of  any  value,  and  hostages,  and  so 
turned  eastward.  And  Harold  with  nine  ships  was  arrived 
at  Porlock,  and  there  slew  many  people,  and  took  cattle,  and 
men,  and  property,  and  went  eastward  to  his  father ;  and  they 
both  went  to  Romney,  to  Hythe,  to  Folkestone,  to  Dover,  to 
Sandwich  ;  and  ever  took  all  the  ships  that  they  found,  which 
might  be  of  any  value,  and  hostages  as  they  went,  and  then 
betook  themselves  to  London,  etc.b 


1  In    the    text     '  eft     gewyrpte,'   I  translation  is  consequently  conjee- 
which  I   do   not  understand ;   my  |  tural.     It  may  be  a  nautical  term. 


b  i?.  in  continuation,  see  p.  150. 


154  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

An.  M.LIII.  In  this  year  the  king  was  in  Winchester,  at 
Easter  (April  llth),  and  earl  Godwine  with  him,  and  Harold 
322.  his  son,  and  Tostig.  Then  on  the  second  Easter-day  he  was 
sitting  with  the  king  at  refection,  when  he  suddenly  sank  down 
by  the  footstool,  deprived  of  speech  and  of  all  his  power  ;  and 
he  was  then  removed  into  the  king's  chamber  ;  and  it  was 
thought  that  it  would  pass  over,  but  it  was  not  so  ;  but  he 
continued  so,  speechless  and  powerless,  until  the  Thursday, 
and  then  resigned  his  life  ;  and  he  lies  there  within  the  Old 
monastery.  And  his  son  Harold  succeeded  to  his  earldom, 
and  resigned  that  which  he  before  had,  and  JElfgar  succeeded 
thereto.  In  this  same  year  died  Wulfsige,  bishop  of  Lichfield  ; 
and  Leofwine,  abbot  of  Coventry,  succeeded  to  the  bishopric. 
And  JEgelward,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  died,  and  Godwiue, 
abbot  of  Winchcombe.  Also  the  Welshmen  slew  a  great 
number  of  English  folk  of  the  wardmen,  near  Westbury.  'In 


An.  M.LIII.  In  this  year  was  the  great  wind  on  Thomas' 
mass-night  (Dec.  21st)  ;  and  also  all  the  Midwinter  there  was 
much  wind.  And  it  was  resolved  that  Rhys,  the  Welsh  king's 
brother,  should  be  slain,  because  he  committed  ravages,  and 
his  head  was  brought  to  Gloucester  on  Twelfth-day  eve.  And 
in  this  same  year,  before  All-Hallows  mass  (Nov.  1st),  died 
Wulfsige,  bishop  of  Lichfield,  and  Godwine,  abbot  of  Winch- 
combe,  and  JEgelward,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  all  within  one 
month  ;  and  Leofwine  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  of  Lichfield, 
1  of  Worcester.  and  *  bishop  Ealdred  assumed  the  abbacy  of  Winchcombe  ; 
and  JEgeluoth  succeeded  to  the  abbacy  of  Glastonbury.  And 
in  the  same  year  died  JElfric,  Odda's  brother,  at  Deerhurst,  and 
his  body  rests  at  Pershore.  And  in  the  same  year  died  earl 
Godwine,  and  he  was  taken  ill  where  he  was  sitting  with  the 
323.  king  at  Winchester.  And  Harold,  his  son,  succeeded  to  the 
earldom,  which  his  father  had  before  had  ;  and  earl  JElfgar 
succeeded  to  the  earldom  which  Harold  had  before  had.a 


1  Stigand    occupied   the  see    of  I  pall  from  the  pope.     Kinsi  did  not 
Robert,  and  had  not  received  his  |  get  his  pall  before  1054,— R.P. 


D. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  155 

this  year  there  was  no  archbishop  in  this  land ;  but  bishop 

Stigand  held   the  bishopric  of  Canterbury  at  Christchurch, 

and  Kynsige  that  of  York  ;  and  *Leofwine  and  Wulfwi  went  *  of  Lichficld. 

over  sea,  and  there  caused  themselves  to  be  ordained  bishops. 

Wulfwi  succeeded  to  the  ""bishopric  that  Ulf  had  had,  he  being  *  Dorchester. 

living,  and  driven  away. 

An.  M.LIV.  In  this  year  *earl   Siward  went  with  a  great  *  of  Northum- 
army  into  Scotland,  and  made  great  slaughter  of  the  Scots, 
and  put  them  to  flight,  and  the  king  escaped.     Many  also  fell 
on  his  side,  both  Danish  and  English,  and  also  his  own  son. 
In  the  same  year  was  hallowed  the  monastery  at  Evesham,  on 
the  vith  of  the   Ides  of  October  (Oct.  10th).     In  the  same 
year*  bishop  Ealdred  went  south  over  sea   to   Saxony,  and  *  of  Worcester, 
was  received  there  with  great  veneration.     In  the  same  year 
Osgod  Clapa  died  suddenly  as  he  lay  on  his  bed.     In  this  year 
died* Leo,  the  holy  pope  of  Rome.     And  in  this  year  was  so  *ix. 
great  a  murrain  among  the  cattle,  as  no  man  remembered  for 
many  winters  before.     And  Victor  was  chosen  pope. 


An.  M.LIII.  In  this  year  died  earl  Godwine,  on  the  xvnth 
of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  15th),  and  he  is  buried  at  Winchester, 
in  the  Old  monastery  ;  and  earl  Harold,  his  son,  succeeded  to 
the  earldom,  and  to  all  which  his  father  had  owned  ;  and  earl 
.ZElfgar  succeeded  to  the  earldom  which  Harold  had  before 


An.  M.LIV.  In  this  year  earl  Siward  went  with  a  large  army 
to  Scotland,  both  with  a  naval  force  and  with  a  land  force,  and 
fought  against  the  Scots,  and  put  to  flight  the  king  Macbeth, 
and  slew  all  that  was  best  there  in  the  land,  and  led  thence 
great  booty,  such  as  no  man  had  before  obtained.  But  his  son 
Osbern,  and  his  sister's  son  Siward,  and  some  of  his  '  huscarls,' 
and  also  of  the  king's,  were  there  slain,  on  the  day  of  the  Seven 
Sleepers  (July  27th).  In  the  same  year  bishop  Ealdred  went 
to  Cologne  over  sea,  on  the  king's  errand,  and  was  there 
received  with  great  worship  by  the  *  emperor  ;  and  there  he  *  Henry  in. 
abode  well  nigh  a  year  ;  and  each  gave  him  entertainment, 


F. 


156 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE. 


*  of  N.Wales. 


An.  M.LV.  In  this  year  earl  Siward  died  at  York,  and  his 
body  lies  within  the  monastery  of  Galmanho,  which  he  him- 
self had  before  built,  to  the  glory  of  God  and  all  his  saints. 
Then,  thereafter,  within  a  little  space,  was  a  *  witena-gemot ' 
at  London  ;  and  earl  ^Elfgar,  earl  Leofric's  son,  was  outlawed 
without  any  guilt ;  and  he  went  then  to  Ireland,  and  there 
got  him  a  fleet,  that  was  eighteen  ships,  besides  his  own  ;  and 
they  went  thence  to  Brytland  (Wales)  to  *  king  Griffith,  with 
that  force,  and  he  received  him  in  his  friendship.  And  they 
gathered  then  a  great  force,  with  the  Irishmen  and  with  the 
Welsh  race  ;  and  earl  Ralph  gathered  a  great  force  against 
them  at  Hereford  town.  And  they  sought  them  there  ;  but 
before  there  was  any  spear  shot  the  English  folk  fled,  because 
they  were  on  horses  j1  and  a  great  slaughter  was  made  there, 


324. 

1  of  Lichfleld. 


•of  York. 


both  the  bishop  of  Cologne  and  the  emperor.  And  he  allowed 
*  bishop  Leofwine  to  hallow  the  monastery  at  Evesham,  on  the 
vith  of  the  Ides  of  October  (Oct.  10th).  And  in  this  year 
Osgod  Clapa  died  suddenly  in  his  bed.  And  in  this  year  died 
St.  Leo  the  pope ;  and  Victor  was  chosen  pope  in  his  stead.a 

An.  M.LV.  In  this  year  earl  Siward  died  at  York,  and  he 
lies  at  Galmanho,  in  the  monastery  which  he  himself  had 
caused  to  be  built  and  hallowed  in  the  name  of  God  and  St. 
Olaf ;  and  Tostig  succeeded  to  the  earldom  which  he  had  had. 
And  *archbishop  Kynsige  fetched  his  pall  from  pope  Victor. 
And  soon  thereafter,  2  earl  JElfgar,  son  of  earl  Leofric,  was 
outlawed,  almost  without  guilt.  But  he  went  .to  Ireland  and 


1  Florence  of  Wcrces'er  removes 
all  doubt  as  to  which  were  mounted 
on  horses.  "  Timidus  dux  Radulfus 
"  illis  occurrens,  Anglos  contra 
"  morem  in  equis  pugnare  jussit: 
"  sed  cum  prcelium  essent  commis- 
"  suri,  comes  cum  suis  Francis  et 
"  Nortmannis  fugam  primitus  capes- 


"  sit.     Quod  videntes  Angli,  ducem 
"  suum  fugiendo  sequuntur,"  etc. 

2  "  Algarus  comes  exul  factus 
"  est  propterea  quod  debuit  esse 
"  delator  patrise,  quod  ipse  ante 
"  cognovit  ita  esse,  licet  verbum 
"  illud  improvise  exprimerit."  F. 
Lat. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  157 

about  four  or  five  hundred  men,  and  on  the  other  side  not  one. 
And  they  went  then  to  the  town  and  burned  it,  and  the  great 
monastery,  which  the  venerable  bishop  -ZEthelstan  had  before 
caused  to  be  built,  that  they  plundered,  and  bereaved  of  relics 
and  of  vestments,  and  of  all  things  ;  and  slew  the  folk,  and  led 
some  away.  Then  a  force  was  gathered  from  very  near  all 
England,  and  they  came  to  Gloucester,  and  so  went  out,  not 
far  into  Wales,  and  there  lay  some  while.  And  earl  Harold 
meanwhile  caused  a  ditch  to  be  dug  about  the  *  town.  Then  *  Hereford, 
in  the  interval  peace  was  spoken  for,  and  Earl  Harold  and 
those  who  were  with  him  came  to  Bilsley,  and  there  peace  32G. 
and  friendship  were  confirmed  between  them.  And  earl  .ZElf- 


to  Brytland  (Wales),  and  got  him  there  a  great  band,  and  so 
went  to  Hereford  ;  but  there  came  against  him  earl  Ralph, 
with  a  large  army  ;  and  with  little  trouble  he  brought  them  to 
flight,  and  slew  a  great  number  in  the  flight ;  and  went  then 
to  Hereford  town,  and  harried  it,  and  burned  the  great  monas- 
tery which  bishop  -ZEthelstan  had  built,  and  slew  the  priests 
within  the  monastery,  and  many  besides,  and  took  all  the 
treasures  therein,  and  led  away  with  them.  And  when  they 
had  done  the  most  evil,  the  counsel  was  resolved  on  that  earl 
jElfgar  should  be  inlawed,  and  his  earldom  restored  to  him, 
and  all  that  had  been  taken  from  him.  This  harrying  took 
place  on  the  ixth  of  the  Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  24th).  In 
the  same  year  died  Tremerin,  the  Welsh  bishop,  soon  after 
that  harrying  ;  and  he  was  bishop  JEthelstan's  substitute 
after  he  was  infirm. a 

An.  M.LV.  In  this  year  earl  Siward  died  ;  and  then  was 
summoned  a  general  *  witena-gemot,'  seven  nights  before  325. 
Midlent  (Mar.  20th)  ;  '  and  earl  JElfgar  was  outlawed,  be- 
cause it  was  cast  upon  him  that  he  was  a  tra;tor  to  the  king 
and  to  all  the  people  of  the  land.  And  he  confessed  it  before 
all  the  men  who  were  there  gathered  ;  though  the  word  es- 
caped him  involuntarily.  And  the  king  gave  the  earldom  to 
gar  was  then  inlawed,  and  there  was  restored  to  him  all 
that  had  before  been  taken  from  him.  And  the  fleet  went  to 

1  See  note2,  p.  156. 


158 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  had.  D. 


Chester,  and  there  awaited  their  pay,  which  ^Elfgar  had  pro- 
mised them.  The  slaughter  was  on  the  ixth  of  the  Kal.  of 
November  (Oct.  24th).  In  the  same  year  died  Tremerig,  the 
of  St.  David's.  *  Welsh  bishop,  soon  after  that  harrying:  he  was  bishop 
JEthelstan's  substitute,  after  he  was  infirm. 

An.  M.LVI.  In  this  year  bishop  JEgelric  left  his  bishopric  at 
Durham,  and  went  to  Peterborough,  to  St.  Peter's  monastery ; 
and  his  brother  JEgelwine  succeeded  thereto.  In  this  year 
died  JEtkelstan,  the  venerable  bishop,  on  the  ivth  of  the  Ides 
of  February  (Feb.  10th),  and  his  body  lies  at  Hereford  town  ; 
and  Leofgar  was  appointed  bishop.  He  was  earl  Harold's 
mass-priest.  He  *  wore  his  l  '  kenepas  '  in  his  priesthood,  until 
he  was  a  bishop  :  he  forsook  his  chrism  and  his  rood,  his 
ghostly  weapons,  and  took  to  his  spear  and  to  his  sword,  after 
his  bishophood,  and  so  went  in  the  force  against  Griffith,  the 
Welsh  king,  and  he  was  there  slain,  and  his  priests  with  him, 
and  JElfnoth  the  shire-reeve,  and  many  good  men  with  them  ; 
and  the  others  fled  away.  This  was  eight  nights  before  Mid- 
summer. It  is  difficult  to  tell  the  misery,  and  all  the  marches, 
and  the  encamping,  and  the  labour,  and  the  destruction  of 
men,  and  also  of  horses,  which  all  the  English  army  under- 
went, until  *eaii  Leofric  met  them,  and  earl  Harold,  and 
*  bishop  Ealdred,  and  made  peace  between  them  ;  so  that 
Griffith  swore  oaths,  that  he  would  be  to  king  Eadward  a 
faithful  and  unfailing  under-king.  And  bishop  Ealdred  suc- 
ceeded to  the  bishopric  that  Leofgar  had  before  had  for  eleven 


*ofMercia 
*  of  Worcester. 


Tostig,  son  of  earl  Godwine,  which  earl  Sjward  had  before 
possessed.  And  earl  -ZElfgar  sought  the  protection  of  Griffith, 
in  North  Wales.  And  in  this  year  Griffith  and  ^Elfgar 
burned  St.  .ZEthelbryht's  monastery,  and  all  the  town  of 
Hereford.* 


1  Qu.  headpiece,  Scot,  knapscap  ? 

"  Let  ilca  ane  his  knapscap  lace, 
"  Let  ilca  ane  his  steil-jack  brace." 

Minstr.  of  Scot.  Border,  ra.  476,  edit.  1821. 
Or  Knapsack,  Fr.  canapsa  ? 


aE. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


159 


weeks  and  four  days.     In  the  same  year  died  l  Cona  the  em- 
peror.    In  this  year  died  *  earl  Odda,  and  his  body  lies  at  *  of  Devon. 
Pershore ;  and  he  was  ordained  monk  before  his  end,  a  good 
man  and  pure,  and  very  noble  ;  and  he  died  on  the  und  of  the 
Kal.  of  September  (Aug.  31st.) 

An.  M.LVII.  In  this  year  came  Eadward  setheling  to  Eng-  328. 
land  ;  he  was  king  Eadward's  brother's  son,  king  Eadmund, 
who  was  called  Ironside  for  his  valour.  This  Eetheling  had 
king  Cnut  sent  away  to  Hungary  to  be  betrayed  ;  but  he 
there  throve  into  a  good  mun,  as  him  God  granted,  and  him 
well  became  ;  so  that  he  got  the  emperor's  *  kinswoman  to  *  niece, 
wife,  and  by  whom  a  fair  offspring  he  begot  :  she  was  named 
Agatha.  We  know  not  for  what  cause  it  was  done,  that  he 
might  not  see  his  kinsman  king  Eadward.  Alas  !  that  was  a 
rueful  hap,  and  a  baleful,  for  all  this  nation,  that  he  so  quickly 
his  life  ended,  after  he  came  to  England,  to  the  unhappiness 
of  this  poor  nation.  In  the  same  year  died  earl  Leofric,  on 
the  nnd  of  the  Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  30th).  He  was  very 
wise  'fore  God  and  also  'fore  the  world,  which  profited  all 
this  nation.  He  lies  at  Coventry,  and  his  son  u3£lfgar  suc- 
ceeded to  his  government.  And  in  that  year  earl  Ealph  died, 
on  the  xnth  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  21st),  and  lies  at 
Peterborough.  Also  died  bishop  Heca  in  Sussex,  and  JEgelric 
was  raised  to  his  *see.  And  in  this  year  t  pope  Victor  died,  *  Selscy-  t  n. 
and  *  Stephen  was  chosen  pope. 


*ix. 


An.  M.LVII.  In  this  year  Eadward  aetheling,  king  Ead- 
mund's  son,  came  hither  to  land,  and  shortly  after  died ;  and 
his  body  is  buried  within  St.  Paul's  monastery  at  London. 
And  pope  Victor  died,  and  Stephen  was  chosen  pope :  he  was 
abbot  of  Monte-Cassino.  And  earl  Leofric  died,  and  JElfgar 
his  son  succeeded  to  the  earldom  which  his  father  before  had.a 


1  I  can  account  for  this  extra- 
ordinary appellation  bestowed  on 
the  emperor  Henry  III.  only  by 
supposing  it  extracted  by  the  simple 


scribe  from  the  word  Franconia, 
Henry  III.  being  of  the  Franconian 
line  of  emperors. 


E. 


160 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


An.  M.Lvm.  In  this  year  earl  -^Elfgar  was  banished ;  but 
*k.  of  N.Wales,  he  soon  came  in  again  with  force,  through  *  Griffith's  aid. 
And  this  year  came  a  naval  force  from  Norway.  It  is  long- 
some  to  tell  how  it  all  went.  In  the  same  year  bishop 
Ealdred  hallowed  the  monastery  at  Gloucester,  which  he 
himself  had  raised  to  the  glory  of  God  and  St.  Peter ;  and 
then  went  to  Jerusalem,  with  such  state  as  no  other  did 
before  him,  and  there  devoted  himself  to  God,  and  also  offered 
a  worthy  gift  at  our  Lord's  sepulchre,  that  was  a  golden 
chalice  of  five  marks,  of  very  wondrous  work.  In  the  same 
year  died  pope  Stephen,  and  *Benedict  was  appointed  pope  : 
he  sent  a  pall  to  bishop  Stigand.  ^Egelric  was  ordained 
*  bishop  in  Sussex,  and  abbot  Siward  bishop  of  Rochester. 

An.  M.LIX.  In  this  year  *Nicholas  was  chosen  pope  ;  he  had 
before  been  bishop  of  the  city  of  Florence  ;  and  Benedict  was 
driven  out,  who  was  pope  there  before.  And  in  this  year  the 
steeple  was  hallowed  at  Peterborough,  on  the  xvith  of  the 
Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  17th). 


*x. 


of  Selspv. 


*  Wells. 

*  of  Rochester. 


An.  M.LVIII.  In  this  year  pope  Stephen  died,  and  Benedict 
was  hallowed  pope  :  the  same  sent  hither  to  land  the  pall  to 
archbishop  Stigand.  And  in  this  year  died  Heca,  bishop  of 
Sussex  ;  and  archbishop  Stigand  ordained  -<Egelric,  a  monk 
of  Christ-church,  bishop  of  Sussex,  and  abbot  Siward  bishop 
of  Rochester.11  • 

An.  M.LXI.  In  this  year  died  Duduc  bishop  of  *Somerset,  and 
Gisa  succeeded.  And  in  the  same  year  died  "bishop  Godwine 
at  St.  Martin's,  on  the  vnth  of  the  Ides  of  March  (Mar.  9th). 
And  in  the  same  year  died  Wulfric,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's, 
within  the  Easter  week,  on  the  xivth  of  the  Kal.  of  May 
(Apr.  18th).  When  word  came  to  the  king  that  abbot  Wulf- 
ric was  departed,  he  chose  ^Ethelsige,  a  monk,  in  his  stead, 
*  at  Winchester,  from  the  'Old  monastery:  he  then  followed  archbishop 
Stigand,  and  was  hallowed  abbot  at  Windsor,  on  St.  Augus- 
tine's mass-day  (May  26th).*> 


a  E.  F.    Here  ends  MS.  Cott.  Domit.  A.  vm. 


"E. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  161 

An.  M.LX.  Tn  this  year  there  was  a  great  earthquake,  on  the 
Translation  of  St.  Martin  (July  4th)  ;  and  king  *Henry  died  *i. 
in  France  ;  and  Kynsige,  archbishop  of  York,  departed  on  the 
xith  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  22nd),  and  he  lies  at  Peter- 
borough ;  and  *bishop    Ealdred  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  ;  *  of  Worcester. 
and  Walter  succeeded  to  the  bishopric  of  Herefordshire  ;  and 
bishop  Duduc  also  died,  who  was  bishop  of  *  Somerset ;  and  *  Wells. 
Gisa,  a  priest,  was  set  in  his  stead. 

An.  3I.LXI.  In  this  year  bishop  Ealdred  went  to  Rome  after 
his  pall,  and  he  received  it  from  pope  Nicholas.     And  earl 
Tostig  and  his  wife  also  went  to  Rome  ;  and   the  bishop  and 
the  earl  suffered  great  hardship  when  they  came  homeward. 
And  in  this  year  died  *bishop   Godwine,   at   tSt.   Martin's  ;  *  of  ^J|^r. 
and  Wulfric,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  on  the  xivth  of  the 
Kal.   of 'April  (Mar.   19th).     And  pope  Nicholas  died,  and  *May?  seep.  ieo. 
*Alexander  was  chosen  pope  ;  he  had  been  bishop  of  Lucca.      *  II. 

An.  M.LXII. 

An.  M.LXIII.  In  this   year,    after  Midwinter,   earl   Harold          330. 
went  from  Gloucester  to  Rhuddlan,  which  was  Griffith's,  and 
burned  the  residence,  and  his  ships,  and  all  the  equipments 
which  belonged  thereto,  and  put  him  to  flight.     And  then,  at 
the  Rogation  days  (May  26th),  Harold  went  with  ships  from 
Bristol  about  Brytland  (Wales),  and  the  people  made  peace, 
and  gave  hostages.    And  Tostig  went  with  a  land-force  against  - 
them,  and  they  subdued  the  land.     But  in  this  same  year,  in 
autumn,   king   Griffith  was  slain,   on  the  Nones   of  August 
(Aug.  5th),  by  his  own  men,  because  of  the  war  which  he 


An.  M.LXII.  In  this   year   Le   Maine   was   subjugated   by 
William,  count  of  Normandy.8 

An.  M.LXIII.  In  this  year  earl  Harold  and  his  brother,  earl  331. 
Tostig,  went  both  with  a  land-force  and  with  a  naval  force 
into  Brytland  (Wales),  and  they  subdued  the  land  ;  and  the 
people  gave  them  hostages,  and  submitted;  and  went  after 
that  and  slew  their  king  Griffith,  and  brought  his  head  to 
Harold  ;  and  he  appointed  another  king  thereto.* 


*E. 

VOL.  II. 


162  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

warred  against  earl  Harold.     He  was  king  over  all  the  Welsh 
race  ;  and  his  head  was  brought  to  earl  Harold,  and  Harold 
brought  it  to  the  king,  and  his  ship's  head,  and  the  'top  there- 
with.    And  king  Eadward  delivered  the  land  over   to  his 
*  Rithwalan,       two  brothers,  Blethgent  and  *Bigwatla  ;  and  they  swore  oaths, 
Ft.  Wifforn.        ^^  ^ve  hostages  to  the  king  and  to  the  earl,  that  they  would 
be  faithful  to  him  in  all  things,  and  ready  to  [serve]    him 
everywhere  by  water  and  by  land,  and  to  pay  such  requisitions 
from  the  land  as  had  been  done  before  to  any  other  king. 
An.  M.LXIV. 

An.  M.LXV.  In  this  year,  before  Lammas  (Aug.  1st),  earl 
Harold  ordered  a  building  to  be  erected  in  Brytland  (Wales)  at 
Portskewet,  when  he  had  subdued  it  ;  and  had  thereto  gathered 
much  property,  and  thought  to  have  king  Eadward  there  for 
332.  the  sake  of  hunting.  But  when  it  was  ah1  ready,  then  went 
Cradoc,  the  son  of  Griffith,  with  all  the  gang  which  he  could 
get,  and  slew  almost  all  the  people  who  were  there  building, 
and  took  the  property  which  was  there  prepared.  We  know 
not  who  first  counseled  this  evil  counsel,  2  This  was  done  on 
St.  Bartholomew's  mass-day  (Aug.  24th).  And  shortly  after 
this,  all  the  thanes  in  Yorkshire  and  in  Northumberland 
gathered  together,  and  outlawed  their  earl  Tostig,  and  slew  all 
his  household- men  that  they  could  come  at,  both  English  and 
Danish,  and  took  all  his  weapons  at  York,  and  gold  and  silver, 
and  all  his  treasures  which  they  could  anywhere  hear  of,  and 
sent  after  Morkere,  son  of  earl  JElfgar,  and  chose  him  for  their 


2An.  M.LXV.  — And  the  slaughter  was  on  St.  Bartholomew's 
mass- day  (Aug.  24th).  And  then,  after  St.  Michael's,  all  the 
thanes  in  Yorkshire  went  to  York,  and  there  slew  all  earl 
Tostig's  'huscarls'  whom  they  might  hear  of,  and  took  his 
treasures.  And  Tostig  was  then  at  Brytford  with  the  king. 
And  then,  very  shortly  after,  there  was  a  great  'gemot* 
at  Northampton  ;  and  so  at  Oxford,  on  the  day  of  St.  Simon 


1  For  '  bone '  of  the  text  we 
should  probably  read  bune,  car- 
chesium,  so  called  apparently  from 


its  cup-like  form  in  the  ancient  ves- 
sels.   Florence  renders  'bone'  by 


ornatura. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  163 

earl :  and  he  went  south  with  all  the  shire,  and  with  Not- 
tinghamshire, and  Derbyshire,  and  Lincolnshire,  until  he  came 
to  Northampton  :  and  his  brother  Eadwine  came  to  meet  him 
with  the  men  who  were  in  his  earldom,  and  also  many  Britons  333. 
came  with  him.  There  came  earl  Harold  to  meet  them,  and 
they  laid  an  errand  on  him  to  king  Eadward,  and  also  sent 
messengers  with  him,  and  prayed  that  they  might  have  Mor- 
kere  for  their  earl.  And  the  king  granted  it,  -and  sent  Harold 
again  to  them  at  Northampton,  on  the  eve  of  St.  Simon  and 
St.  Jude's  mass  (Oct.  27th)  ;  and  he  made  known  the  same  to 
them,  and  gave  his  hand  thereto  ;  and  he  there  renewed 
Cnut's  law.  And  the  'Kythrenan  did  great  harm  about 
Northampton,  while  he  went  on  their  errand,  inasmuch  as 
they  slew  men,  and  burned  houses  and  corn,  and  took  all  the 
cattle  which  they  could  come  at,  that  was  many  thousand; 
and  many  hundred  men  they  took,  and  led  north  with  them  ; 
so  that  the  shire,  and  the  other  shires  which  are  nigh  there, 
were  for  many  winters  the  worse.  And  earl  Tostig,  and  his 
wife,  and  all  those  who  would  what  he  would,  went  south  over 
sea  with  him  to  *count  Baldwine,  and  he  received  them  all,  and  *  of  Flanders, 
they  were  all  the  winter  there.  And  king  Eadward  came  to 
Westminster  at  Midwinter,  and  there  caused  the  monastery  to 
be  hallowed,  which  he  himself  had  built  to  the  glory  of  God, 


and  St.  Jude  (Oct.  28th).  And  earl  Harold  was  there,  and 
would  work  their  reconciliation,  if  he  could,  but  he  could  not ; 
for  all  his  earldom  unanimously  renounced  and  outlawed  him 
(Tostig),  and  all  who  raised  up  lawlessness  with  him  ;  because 
he  first  robbed  God,  and  bereaved  all  those  of  life  and  of  land 
over  whom  he  had  power.  And  they  then  took  to  them  Mor- 
kere  for  earl ;  and  Tostig  then  went  over  sea,  and  his  wife 
with  him,  to  Baldwine's  land,  and  took  a  winter-residence  at 
St.  Omer's,  etc.a 


>a  Northernan  men. — E. 


C. 

L  2 


164 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


and  St.  Peter,  and  to  all  God's  saints  :  and  the  church-hallow- 
ing was  on  Childermas  day  (Dec.  28th).  And  he  died  on 
Twelfth-day  eve  (Jan.  5th),  and  was  buried  on  Twelfth-day, 
in  the  same  monastery,  as  it  hereafter  says  : 


This  year  king  Eadward, 
of  Angles  lord, 
sent  his  truthful 
soul  to  Christ, 
into  God's  protection, 
a  holy  spirit. 
He  in  the  world  here 
abode  a  while 
in  kingly  majesty, 
334.          of  counsels  mighty. 
Four  and  twenty 
winters  number'd 
the  noble  ruler, 
wealth  dispens'd  ; 
and  he  a  prosperous  time, 
ruler  of  men, 
illustrious  govern'd 
Welsh  and  Scots, 
and  Britons  eke, 
the  son  of  ^thelred, 
Angles  and  Saxons, 
champions  bold, 
whom  clasp  around 
cold  ocean-waves, 
all  that  to  Eadward, 
noble  king, 
faithfully  obey'd, 
warrior  men. 
Was  aye  blithe  of  mood 
the  baleless  king, 
though  he  long  ere 
of  land  bereft, 
in  exile  dwelt, 
widely  on  earth, 


after  that  Cnut  o'ercame 

the  race  of  >3Ethelred, 

and  Danes  rul'd  o'er 

the  dear  realm 

of  England, 

eight  and  twenty 

winters  number'd, 

wealth  dispens'd. 

After  that  came  forth 

in  trappings  goodly, 

a  king  in  virtues  good, 

chaste  and  mild  : 

Eadward  the  noble, 

his  country  guarded, 

his  land  and  people, 

until  came  suddenly 

the  bitter  death, 

and  so  dearly  took 

the  noble  [king]  from  earth. 

Angels  bore 

the  truthful  soul 

into  heaven's  light : 

and  the  sage  nathless 

the  realm  committed 

to  an  illustrious  man, 

Harold  himself, 

a  noble  earl, 

He  in  all  time 

faithfully  obey'd 

his  lord, 

by  words  and  deeds, 

nor  aught  neglected 

of  what  was  needful 

to  his  sovereign  king. 


33: 


And  in  this  year  also  earl  Harold  was  hallowed  king  ;  and  he 
experienced  lit  (b  quiet  therein,  the  while  that  he  ruled  the 
realm. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  165 

V  An.  M.LXVI.  In  this  year  king  Harold  came  from  York  to  336. 
Westminster,  at  the  Easter  which  was  after  the  Midwinter  in 
which  the  king  died  ;  and  Easter  was  then  on  the  day  the 
xvith  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (April  16th).  Then  was  seen  over 
all  England  such  a  sign  in  the  heavens  as  no  man  ever  before 
saw.  *feome  men  said  that  it  was  the  star  cometa,  which  some 
men  call  the  haired  star  ;  and  it  first  appeared  on  the  eve  of 
Litania  major,  the  vmth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  24th),  and 
so  shone  all  the  seven  nights.  And  shortly  after,  earl  Tostig 
came  from  beyond  sea  into  Wight,  with  as  large  a  fleet  as  he 
could  get  ;  and  there  he  was  paid  both  in  money  and  pro- 
visions. !  And  king  Harold  his  brother  gathered  so  great  a 
naval  force,  and  also  a  land-force  as  no  king  here  in  the  land 
had  before  done  :  because  it  had  been  made  known  to  him 
that  William  the  Bastard  would  come  hither  and  win  this 
land  ;  all  as  it  afterwards  came  to  pass.  And  the  while  came 
earl  Tostig  into  the  Humber  with  sixty  ships  ;  and  earl  Ead- 
wine  came  with  a  land-force  and  drove  him  out.  And  the 
'  bujsj>carl§ '  forsook  him ;  and  he  went  to  Scotland  with 
twelve  smackjy  and  there  Harald,  king  of  Norway,  met  him 


An.  M.LXVI.  In  this  year  king  Eadward  died,  and  carl 
Harold  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  and  held  it  forty  weeks  and 
one  day.  And  in  this  year  William  came,  and  won  England. 
And  in  this  year  Christclmrch  was  burnt.  And  in  this  year  a 
comet  appeared  on  the  xivth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  18th).a 

An.  M.LXVI.  l — And  he  then  went  thence,  and  did  harm 
everywhere  by  the  sea- coast  where  he  could  approach,  until  he 
came  to  Sandwich.  Then  it  was  made  known  to  king  Harold, 
who  was  in  London,  that  Tostig  his  brother  was  come  to 
Sandwich.  He  then  gathered  so  great  a  naval  force,  and  also 
a  laud-force,  as  no  king  here  in  the  land  had  before  gathered  ; 
because  it  had  for  truth  been  said  to  him,  that  count  William 
from  Normandy,  king  Eadward's  kinsman,  would  come  hither 
and  subdue  this  land,  all  as  it  afterwards  came  to  pass. 
When  Tostig  learned  that,  that  king  Harold  was  proceeding 
towards  Sandwich,  he  went  from  Sandwich,  and  took  some  of 
the  '  butse-carls  '  Avith  him,  some  willingly,  some  unwillingly  ; 

"A. 


166  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE. 

with  three  hundred  ships  ;  and  Tostig  submitted  to  him,  and 
became  his  man  ;  and  then  they  both  went  into  the  Humber, 
until  they  came  to  York ;  and  there  fought  against  them  earl 
Eadwine  and  earl  Morkere  his  brother  ;    but  the  Normen  had 
the  victory.     It  was  then  made  known  to  Harold,  king  of  the 
Angles,  that  this  had  thus  happened  :  and  this  battle  was  on 
St.  Matthew's  eve  (Sept.  20th).     Then  came  Harold  our  king 
unawares  on  the  Normen,  and  met  with  them  beyond  York,  at 
Stamford-bridge,  with  a  large  army  of  English  folk  ;  and  there 
during  the  day  was  a  very  severe  fight  on  each  side.      There 
were  slain  Harald  l  Harfagri  and  earl  Tostig  ;    and  the  Nor- 
men who  were  there  left  were  put  to  flight ;    and  the  English 
hotly  slew  them  from  behind,  until  they  came  to  their  ships  ; 
•some  were  drowned,  and  some  also  burnt,  and  so  diversly 
perished,  that  few  were  left ;  and  the  English  had  possession 
of  the  place  of  carnage.     The  king  then  gave  peace  to  Olaf, 
the  Normen's  king's  son,  and  to  their  bishop,  and  to  the  earl 
pan.  Of  *  Orkney,  and  to  all  those  who  were  left  in  the  ships  ;  and 

they  then  went  up  to  our  king,  and  swore  oaths,  that  they 
would  ever  observe  peace  and  friendship  to  this  land ;  and 
the  king  let  them  go  home  with  twenty-four  ships.  These 


and  then  went  north  into  the  Humber,  and  there  harried  in 
Lindsey,  and  there  slew  many  good  men.  When  earl  Ead- 
wine and  earl  Morkere  were  apprized  of  that,  they  came 
thither,  and  drove  him  from  the  land  ;  and  he  then  went  to 
Scotland,  and  the  king  of  the  Scots  gave  him  an  asylum,  and 
aided  him  with  provisions,  and  he  there  abode  all  the  summer. 
338.  Then  came  king  Harold  to  Sandwich,  and  there  awaited  his  fleet, 
because  it  was  long  before  it  could  be  gathered.  And  when 
his  fleet  was  gathered,  he  went  to  Wight,  and  there  lay  all  the 
summer  and  the  autumn;  and  a  land-force  was  kept  everywhere 
by  the  sea,  though  at  the  end  it  availed  naughk  When  it  was 
the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  8th)  the  men's  provisions 
were  gone,  and  no  man  could  longer  keep  them  there.  The 


1  The  English  chroniclers  give 
the  surname  of  Harfagr,  Fair-hair, 
Fairfax,  to  this  prince,  instead  of 


Hardrada,  Severe,    Harald  Harfagri 


died  in  934. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  167 

two  great  battles  were  fought  within  five  nights.  Then  came 
William  count  of  Normandy  to  Pevensey,  on  St.  Michael's 
mass-eve  (Sept.  28th)  ;  and  immediately  after  they  were  , 
ready,  they  constructed  a  castle  at  the  town  of  Hastings.  This 
was  then  made  known  to  king  Harold,  and  he  gathered  a  great 
army,  and  came  to  meet  him  at  the  hoar  apple-tree.  And 
William  came  against  him  unawares,  ere  his  people  were  in 
battle  order.  But  the  king,  nevertheless,  boldly  fought 
against  him  with  those  men  who  would  follow  him  ;  and  there 
was  a  great  slaughter  made  on  each  side.  There  were  slain 
king  Harold,  and  earl  Leofwine  his  brother,  and  earl  Gyrth 
his  brother,  and  many  good  men  ;  and  the  French  had  posses- 
sion of  the  place  of  carnage,  as  to  them  God  granted  for  the 
people's  sins.  Archbishop  Ealdred  then,  and  the  townsmen  of 
London  would  have  Eadgar  child  for  king,  as  was  indeed  his 


men  were  then  allowed  to  go  home,  and  the  king  rode  up,  and 
the  ships  were  !  driven  to  London,  and  many  perished  before 
they  came  thither.  When  the  ships  were  come  home,  came 
king  Harald  from  Norway,  north  into  the  Tyne,  and  unawares 
with  a  very  large  naval  force,  and  no  little  ....  that  might 
be  ...  or  more.  And  earl  Tostig  came  to  him  with  all  that 
he  had  got,  as  they  had  before  settled  :  and  then  they  both 
went,  with  all  the  fleet,  along  the  Ouse,  up  towards  York. 
When  it  was  announced  to  king  Harold  in  the  south,  when  he 
had  come  from  on  ship-board,  that  king  Harald  of  Norway  and 
earl  Tostig  had  landed  near  York,  he  went  northward,  by  day 
and  by  night,  as  speedily  as  he  could  gather  his  force.  Then, 
before  that  king  Harold  could  come  thither,  earl  E  ad  wine  and 
earl  Morkere  had  gathered  from  their  earldom  as  large  a  body 
as  they  could  get,  and  fought  against  the  army,  and  made 
great  slaughter,  and  there  were  many  of  the  English  people 
slain,  and  drowned,  and  driven  in  fight ;  and  the  Normen  had 
possession  of  the  place  of  carnage.  And  this  flight  was  on  the 
vigil  of  Matthew  the  apostle  (Sept.  20th),  and  it  was  Wednes- 


1  A  similar  use  of  drifan,  to  drive,  as  a  nautical  term,  occurs  in  Beowulf, 
5607. 


"  j?a  J>e  brentingas 
"  ofer  floda  genipu 
"  feorran  drifaft." 


those  who  their  foamy  barks 
over  the  mists  offloads 
drive  from  afar. 


168  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

natural  right ;  and  Eadwine  and  Morkere  promised  him  that 
they  would  fight  with  him  ;  but  as  it  ever  should  be  the  for- 
warder so  was  it  ever,  from  day  to  day,  slower  and  worse,  as 
at  the  end  it  all  went.  £_  This  fight  was  fought  on  the  day  of 
Calixtus  the  pope  (Oct.  14th£[  And  count  William  went  after- 
wards again  to  Hastings,  and  there  awaited  whether  the  nation 
would  submit  to  him  ;  but  when  he  perceived  that  they  would 
not  come  to  him,  he  went  up  with  all  his  army  which  was  left 
to  him,  and  what  had  afterwards  come  over  sea  to  him,  and 
harried  all  that  part  which  he  passed  over,  until  he  came  to 
of  York.  Berkhampstead.  And  there  came  to  meet  him  *  archbishop 

Ealdred,  and  Eadgar  child,  and  earl  Eadwine,  and  earl  Mork- 
ere, and  all  the  best  men  of  London,  and  then  from  necessity 


day.  And  then,  after  the  fight,  king  Harald  of  Norway  and 
earl  Tostig  went  to  York,  with  as  many  people  as  to  them 
339.  seemed  good.  And  they  gave  them  hostages  from  the  city, 
and  aided  them  in  procuring  food,  and  so  they  went  thence  to 
their  ships,  and  agreed  to  full  peace,  so  that  they  should  all  go 
with  him  south  and  this  land  subdue.  Then,  during  this, 
came  Harold,  king  of  the  Angles,  with  all  his  force,  on  the 
Sunday,  to  Tadcaster,  and  there  arrayed  his  fleet ;  and  then 
on  Monday  went  out  through  York.  And  king  Harald  of 
Norway,  and  earl  Tostig,  and  their  army  were  gone  from  their 
ships  beyond  York  to  Stamford-bridge,  because  it  has  been 
promised  them  as  certain,  that  there,  from  all  the  shire,  hos- 
tages would  be  brought  to  meet  them.  Then  came  Harold, 
king  of  the  Angles,  against  them,  unawares,  beyond  the  bridge, 
and  they  there  engaged  together,  and  were  fighting  very  boldly 
long  in  the  day  ;  and  there  w^ere  king  Harald  of  Norway,  and 
earl  Tostig  slain,  and  numberless  people  with  them,  both  Nor- 
men  and  English  ;  and  the  Normen  fled  from  the  English. 
J  Then  was  there  one  of  the  Norwegians  who  withstood  the 
English  folk,  so  that  they  could  not  pass  over  the  bridge  or 
gain  the  victory.  Then  an  Englishman  aimed  at  him  with  an 
arrow,  but  it  availed  naught ;  and  then  came  another  under 
the  bridge,  and  pierced  him  through  under  the  corselet.  Then 
came  Harold,  king  of  the  Angles,  over  the  bridge,  and  his  force 

1  What  follows  is  in  a  later  hand,  and  exceedingly  corrupt  as  to  language. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


169 


submitted  when  the  greatest  harm  had  been  done  ;  and  it  was 
very  imprudent  that  it  was  not  done  earlier,  as  God  would 
not  better  it  for  our  sins  :  and  they  gave  hostages,  and  swore 
oaths  to  him  ;  and  he  promised  them  that  he  would  be  a  kind 
lord  to  them  ;  and  yet,  during  this,  they  harried  all  that  they 
passed  over.  Then  on  Midwinter's  day,  archbishop  Ealdred 
hallowed  him  king  at  Westminster  ;  and  he  pledged  him  on 
*  Christ's  book,  and  also  swore,  before  he  would  set  the  crown 
on  his  head,  that  he  would  govern  this  nation  as  well  as  any 
king  before  him  had  best  done,  if  they  would  be  faithful  to 


the  Gospels. 


onward  with  him,  and  there  made  great  slaughter  of  both 
Norwegians  and  Flemings  :  and  the  king's  son  Hetmund 
Harold  let  go  home  to  Norway  with  all  the  ships.1 

An.  M.LXVI.  In  this  year  the  monastery  at  Westminister  337. 
was  hallowed  on  Childermas  day  (Dec.  28th).  And  king 
Eadward  died  on  Twelfth-mass  eve  (Jan.  5th);  and  he  was 
buried  on  Twelfth-mass  day,  within  the  newly  hallowed 
church  at  Westminster.  And  earl  Harold  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  of  England,  as  the  king  had  granted  it  to  him,  and 
men  had  also  chosen  him  thereto;  and  he  was  blessed  as  king 
on  Twelfth-mass  day.  •  And  in  the  same  year  that  he  was 
king,  he  went  out  with  a  naval  force  against  *  William;  and  *  of  Normandy. 
the  while  came  earl  Tostig  into  the  Humber  with  sixty  ships. 
Earl  Eadwine  came  with  a  land-force  and  drove  him  out,  and 
the  (  butse-carls  '  forsook  him.  And  he  went  to  Scotland  with 
twelve  smacks\and  Harald  the  Norwegian  king  met  him  with 
three  hundred  ships,  and  Tostig  submitted  to  him;  and  they 
both  went  into  the  Plumber,  until  they  came  to  York.  And 
earl  Morkere  and  earl  Eadwine  fought  against  them,  and  the 
Norwegian  king  had  the  victory.  And  it  was  made  known  to 
king  Harold  how  it  was  there  done  and  had  happened  ;  and 
he  came  with  a  great  army  of  Englishmen,  and  met  him  at 
Stamford-bridge,  and  slew  him  and  the  earl  Tostig,  and  bravely 
overcame  all  the  army.  And  the  while  count  William  landed 
at  Hastings,  on  St.  Michael's  mass-day;  and  Harold  came 
from  the  north  and  fought  against  him  before  his  army  had  all 
come  ;  and  there  he  fell,  and  his  two  brothers,  G-yrth  and 
Leofwine  ;  and  William  subdued  this  land,  and  came  to  West- 


Here  ends  MS.  Cott.  Tiber.  B.  i. 


170 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


him.  Nevertheless,  he  laid  a  very  heavy  contribution  on  the 
people,  and  then,  in  Lent,  went  over  sea  to  Normandy,  and 
took  with  him  archbishop  Stigand,  and  JEgelnoth,  abbot  of 
Glastonbury,  and  Eadgar  child,  and  earl  Eadwine,  and  earl 
Morkere,  and  earl  Waltheof,  and  many  other  good  men  of 
England.  And  1  bishop  Odo,  and  *  earl  William  remained  here 


minster,  and  archbishop  Ealdred  hallowed  him  king;  and  men 
paid  him  tribute  and  gave  him  hostages,  and  after  wards  bought 
their  land.  And  then  was  Leofric  abbot  of  Peterborough  with 
that  same  force,  and  sickened  there,  and  came  home,  and  died 
soon  after,  on  All-Hallows  mass-night  (Nov.  1st)  :  God  be 
merciful  to  his  soul!  In  his  day  there  was  all  bliss  and  all 
good  in  Peterborough  ;  and  he  was  dear  to  all  people,  so  that 
the  king  gave  to  St.  Peter  and  him  the  abbacy  of  Burton  and 
that  of  Coventry,  which  earl  Leofric,  who  was  his  uncle,  had 
before  founded,  and  that  of  Crowland,  and  that  of  Thorney. 
And  he  did  so  much  for  its  good  to  the  monastery  of  Peter- 
borough, in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in  clothing,  and  in  land, 
as  never  any  other  did  before  him,  or  any  after  him.  Then 
3  Golden  Borough  became  Wretched  Borough.  The  monks 
then  chose  for  abbot  the  provost  Brand,  because  he  was  a  very 
good  man,  and  very  wise,  and  sent  him  to  Eadgar  aetheling, 
because  the  people  of  the  land  weened  that  he  should  be  king; 
and  the  cetheling  blithely  assented  thereto.  When  king  Wil- 
liam heard  that  say  he  was  very  wroth,  and  said  that  the  abbot 
had  contemned  him.  Then  went  good  men  between  them  and 
reconciled  them  ;  because  the  abbot  was  a  good  man.  Ho 
then  gave  the  king  forty  marks  of  gold  for  a  reconciliation  ; 
and  he  then  lived  a  little  while  after,  only  three  years.  After 
that  came  every  tribulation  and  every  evil  to  the  monastery. 
God  be  merciful  to  it!  a 


1  Odo,  bishop  of  Bayeux,  half 
brother  of  the  Conqueror,  being  the 
son  of  his  mother  Arlette  by  her 
husband  Herluin  de  Conteville. 


2  William  Fitz   Osbern,  created 
by  William  earl  of  Hereford. 

3  See  page  153. 


E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE,  171 

behind,  and  wrought  castles  widely  throughout  the  nation,  and 
oppressed  the  poor  people  ;  and  ever  after  that  it  greatly 
grew  in  evil.  May  the  end  be  good  when  God  wilUJ 

An.  M.LXVII.  In  this  year  the  king  came  again  to  England,  340. 
on  St.  Nicholas'  mass-day  (Dec.  6th)  ;  and  on  that  day  Christ- 
church  at  Canterbury  was  burnt,  and  bishop  Wulfwig  died, 
and  is  buried  at  his  episcopal  see  in  Dorchester.  And  Eadric 
child  and  the  Britons  were  in  a  state  of  hostility,  and  were 
warring  against  the  castlemen  at  Hereford,  and  doing  them 
much  harm.  And  in  this  year  the  king  set  a  heavy  tax  on 
the  poor  people  ;  and,  nevertheless,  caused  to  be  harried  all 
that  they  passed  over.  And  then  he  went  to  Devonshire, 
and  besieged  the  town  of  Exeter  for  eighteen  days,  and  there 
many  of  his  army  perished  ;  but  ho  promised  them  well,  and 
ill  performed.  And  they  gave  the  town  up  to  him,  because 
the  thanes  had  deceived  them.  And  in  this  summer  Eadgar 
child  went  out,  with  his  mother  Agatha,  and  his  two  sisters, 
Margaret  and  Christina,  and  Maerleswegen  and  many  good 
men  with  them,  and  came  to  Scotland,  under  the  protection 
of  king  Malcolm,  and  he  received  them  all.  Then  king 
Malcolm  began  to  yearn  after  *  his  sister  Margaret  to  wife  ;  *  Eadgar's. 
but  he  and  all  his  men  long  refused ;  and  she  herself  also 
declined,  and  said, — 

that  she  nor  him  nor  any  one  the  mighty  Lord, 

would  have,  with  corporal  heart, 

if  to  her  the  heavenly  Clemency       in  this  short  life, 
would  grant,  in  pure  continence, 

that  she  in  maidenhood  might  propitiate. 

The  king  earnestly  urged  her   brother,   until  he  answered 


An.  M.LXVII.  In  this  year  the  king  went  over  sea,  and  had  341. 
with  him  hostages  and  treasures,  and  came  in  the  next  year, 
on  St.  Nicholas'  mass-day ;  and  on  that  day  was  Christ- 
church  at  Canterbury  burnt.  And  when  he  came  back,  he 
gave  away  every  man's  land.  And  this  summer,  Eadgar  child 
went  out,  and  Masrleswegen,  and  many  men  with  them,  and 
went  to  Scotland  ;  and  king  Malcolm  received  them  all,  and 
took  the  child's  sister  Margaret  to  wife.a 


172  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE. 

*  yea ;'  and  indeed  he  durst  not  otherwise,  because  they  were 
come  into  his  power.  It  then  came  to  pass  as  God  had  before 
provided,  and  it  might  not  be  otherwise,  as  he  himself  in  his 
gospel  saith,  that  not  even  a  sparrow  may  fall  into  a  snaro 
without  his  providence.  The  prescient  Creator  knew  before- 
hand what  he  would  have  done  by  her  ;  for  she  was  to  in- 
crease the  praise  of  God  in  the  land  and  direct  the  king  from 
the  erroneous  path,  and  incline  him,  together  with  his  people, 
to  a  better  way,  and  suppress  the  evil  habits  which  the  nation 
had  previously  cultivated  :  as  she  afterwards  did.  The  king 
then  received  her,  though  it  was  against  her  will  ;  and  her 
manners  pleased  him,  and  he  thanked  God  who  had  mightily 
given  him  such  a  mate,  and  wisely  bethought  him  — as  he  was 
a  very  sagacious  man — and  turned  himself  to  God,  and  con- 
temned every  impurity  ;  according  to  what  the  apostle  Paul, 
the  teacher  of  all  the  gentiles,  said  :  "  Salvabitur  vir  infidelis 
"  per  mulierem  fidelem ;  sic  et  mulier  infidelis  per  virum 
"  fidelem,"  etc.  ;  that  is  in  our  tongue  :  Full  oft  the  unbe- 
lieving man  is  halloived  and  healed  through  the  righteous 
(believing)  woman ;  and,  in  like  manner,  the  woman  through 
the  believing  man.  This  aforesaid  queen  afterwards  per- 
formed many  useful  deeds  in  the  land,  to  the  glory  of  God 
and  also  in  royal  qualities  bore  herself  well,  as  to  her  was 
natural.  Of  a  believing  and  noble  race  she  sprang  :  her 
father  was  Eadward  setheling,  son  of  king  Eadmund,  Ead- 
mund  was  son  of  JEthelred,  ^Ethelred  of  Eadgar,  Eadgar  of 
Ead°nmndfor  *Eadred,  and  so  on  in  that  royal  kin :  and  her  mother's  kin 
goes  to  the  emperor  Henry,  who  had  dominion  over  Rome. 
And  in  this  year  Gytha,  Harold's  mother,  went  out,  and 
many  good  men's  wives  with  her,  to  Flatholm,  and  there 
abode  some  while  ;  and  so  went  thence  over  sea  to  St.  Omer's. 
At  this  Easter  the  king  came  to  Winchester  ;  and  Easter  was 
then  on  the  xth  of  the  Kal.  of  April  (Mar.  23rd).  And  soon 
after  that  came  Matilda  the  lady  hither  to  land  :  and  arch- 
bishop Ealdred  hallowed  her  queen  at  Westminster,  on  Whit- 
sunday (May  llth).  It  was  then  announced  to  the  king  that 
342.  the  people  in  the  north  had  gathered  themselves  together, 
and  would  stand  against  him  if  he  came.  He  then  went  to 
Nottingham,  and  there  wrought  a  castle ;  and  so  went  to 
York,  and  there  wrought  two  castles,  and  in  Lincoln,  and 
everywhere  in  that  part.  And  earl  Gospatric  and  the  best 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


173 


men  went  to  Scotland.  And  in  the  same  time  came  one  of 
Harold's  sons  from  Ireland,  with  a  naval  force,  into  the  mouth 
of  the  Avon  unawares,  and  immediately  harried  over  all  that 
part  ;  they  then  went  to  Bristol,  and  would  storm  the  town, 
but  the  townsmen  fought  stoutly  against  them;  and  when  they 
could  gain  nothing  from  the  town,  they  went  to  the  ships  with 
the  plunder  they  had  taken  ;  and  so  they  went  to  Somerset- 
shire, and  there  landed.  And  Eadnoth  the  ""constable  fought  *  stailcrc. 
against  them,  and  was  there  slain,  and  many  good  men  on  each 
side  ;  and  those  who  were  left  went  away  thence. 

An.  M.LXVIII.  In  this  year  king  William  gave  to  *earl  Robert  *  dc  Comines. 
the  government  over  Northumberland ;  but  the  men  of  the 
country  surrounded  him  in  the  burgh  at  Durham,  and  slew 
him  and  nine  hundred  men  with  him.  And  immediately  after 
Eadgar  retheling  came  with  all  the  Northumbrians  to  York, 
and  the  townsmen  made  peace  with  them  :  and  king  William 
came  unawares  on  them  from  the  south,  with  an  overwhelm- 
ing army,  and  put  them  to  flight,  and  slew  those  who  could 
not  flee,  which  were  many  hundred  men,  and  plundered  the 
town,  and  defiled  St.  Peter's  monastery,  and  also  plundered 
and  oppressed  all  the  others.  And  the  a3theling  went  back 
again  to  Scotland.  After  this  came  the  sons  of  Harold  from 
Ireland,  at  Midsummer,  with  sixty-four  ships,  into  the  mouth 
of  the  Taw,  and  there  heedlessly  landed  ;  and  '  earl  Brian 
came  against  them  unawares,  with  no  small  force,  and  fought 
against  them,  and  there  slew  all  the  best  men  that  were  in  the 


An.  M.LXVIII.  In  this  year  king  William  gave  to  earl  Ro- 
bert the  earldom  of  Northumberland.  Then  came  the  men  of 
the  country  against  him,  and  slew  him,  and  nine  hundred  men 
with  him.  And  Eadgar  aethcling  came  then  with  all  the 
Northumbrians  to  York,  and  the  townsmen  made  peace  with 
him.  And  king  William  came  from  the  south  with  all  his 
force,  and  ravaged  the  town,  and  slew  many  hundred  men. 
And  the  retheling  went  back  again  to  Scotland.* 


343. 


1  Brian  was  a  son  of  Eudes,  count  I  Maseres,    Selecta    Monumenta,    p. 
of  Brittany.     See  his  pedigree  in  |  219,  note. 


•E. 


174 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


fleet ;  and  the  others  in  a  small  body  fled  to  the  ships.     And 
the  sons  of  Harold  went  back  again  to  Ireland. 

An.  M.LXIX.  In  this  year  died  archbishop  Ealdred  in  York, 
and  is  there  buried  at  his  episcopal  see  :  and  he  departed  on 
the  day  of  Prothus  and  Hyacynthus  (Sept.  llth)  ;  and  he  held 
the  archiepiscopal  chair  with  great  dignity  ten  years,  wanting 
fifteen  weeks.  Soon  after  this  came  from  Denmark  three 
sons  of  king  Svein,  and  Asbiorn  jarl  and  Thorkell  jarl,  with 
two  hundred  and  forty  ships,  into  the  Humber  ;  and  there 
came  to  meet  them  Eadgar  child,  and  earl  Waltheof,  and 
Ma3rleswegen,  and  earl  Gospatric,  with  the  Northumbrians 
and  all  the  country  people,  riding  and  walking,  with  a  count- 
less army,  greatly  rejoicing,  and  so  all  unanimously  went  to 
York,  and  stormed  and  demolished  the  castle,  and  gained 
innumerable  treasures  therein,  and  slew  there  many  hundred 
Frenchmen,  and  led  many  with  them  to  the  ships  ;  but  before 
the  shipmen  came  thither,  the  French  had  burnt  the  town, 
and  also  plundered  and  burnt  the  holy  monastery  of  St.  Peter. 
When  the  king  learned  this,  he  went  northward  with  all  his 


*  of  Durham.          An.  M.LXIX.  In  this  year  *  bishop  JEgelric  was  accused  at 

Peterborough,   and   sent   to  Westminster  ;    and   his   brother, 

*  of  Durham.       *  bishop  JEgelwine,  was  outlawed.     Then  betwixt  the  'two 

St.  Mary's  masses,  came  from  the  east,  from  Denmark,  with 
three  hundred  ships,  the  sons  of  king  Syein  and  his  brother, 
Asbiorn  jarl.  And  then  earl  Waltheof  went  out ;  and  he, 
and  Eadgar  getheling,  and  many  hundred  men  with  them, 
came  and  met  the  fleet  in  the  Humber,  and  went  to  York,  and 
landed,  and  won  the  castles,  and  slew  many  hundred  men,  and 
led  to  the  ships  much  treasure,  and  had  the  chief  men  in  cap- 
tivity ;  and  they  lay  between  the  Ouse  and  the  Trent  all  the 
winter.  And  king  William  went  into  the  shire  and  ravaged 
it  all.  And  in  this  same  year  died  Brand,  abbot  of  Peter- 
borough, on  the  vth  of  the  Kal.  of  December  (Nov.  27th).a 


1  The  Assumption  (Aug.  15th)  and 
the  Nativity  (Sept.  8th).     Florence 


of  Worcester  has  :  "  Ante  Nativita- 
"  tern  S.  MarisB." 


E, 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  175 

force  that  he  could  gather,  and  completely  harried  and  laid 
waste  the  shire.  And  the  fleet  lay  all  the  winter  in  the 
Humbcr,  where  the  king  could  not  come  at  them.  And  the 
king  was  on  the  day  of  Midwinter  at  York  ;  and  so  all  the 
winter  in  the  land  ;  and  came  to  Winchester  at  the  same 
Easter.  And  *  bishop  JEgelric  was  accused,  who  was  in  Pe-  *  of  Durham, 
terborough,  and  he  was  led  to  Westminster  ;  and  his  brother, 
*  bishop  JEgelwiue,  was  outlawed.  *  of  Durham. 

An.  M.LXX. 


M.LXX.  In  this  year  Lanfranc,  who  was  abbot  of  Caen,  came 
to  England,  who,  after  a  few  days  became  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. He  was  ordained  on  the  ivth  of  the  Kal.  of  Septem- 
ber (Aug.  29th)  in  his  own  episcopal  see,  by  eight  bishops,  his 
suffragans.  The  others  who  were  not  there  showed  by  mes- 
sengers and  by  letters  why  they  could  not  be  there.  In  that 
year  Thomas,  who  was  chosen  bishop  of  York,  came  to  Can- 
terbury that  he  might  be  there  ordained  according  to  the  old 
custom.  When  Lanfranc  craved  confirmation  of  his  obedience 
by  oath-swearing,  he  refused,  and  said  that  he  ought  not  to  do 
it;  the  archbishop  became  wroth,  and  ordered  the  bishops  who 
were  come  thither,  by  the  archbishop  Lanfranc's  command, 
to  do  the  service,  and  all  the  monks  to  unrobe  themselves ; 
and,  by  his  command,  tl^ev  £0  (Jjid.  So  Thomas  for  that  time 
went  back  without  the  blessings.  Then  soon  after  this  it 
befel  that  the  archbishop  Lanfranc  went  to  Rome,  and  Thomas 
along  with  him.  When  they  came  thither,  and  had  spoken 
about  other  things,  about  which  they  would  speak,  Thomas 
began  his  speech,  how  he  came  to  Canterbury,  and  how  the 
archbishop  asked  obedience,  with  oath-swearing,  from  him, 
and  he  refused  it.  Then  the  archbishop  Lanfranc  began  to 
show  openly  and  distinctly  that  he  with  right  craved  that 
which  he  craved,  and  with  strong  discourses  confirmed  the 
same  before  the  pope  'Alexander,  and  before  all  the  council  *  n. 
that  was  there  gathered  ;  and  so  they  went  home.  After  this, 
Thomas  came  to  Canterbury,  and  all  that  the  archbishop  craved 
of  him  humbly  fulfilled,  and  then  received  the  blessings.1 


T 

Here  ends  MS,  C.C.C.C.  C.LXXTII.  /\ 


176 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


344, 


345. 


of  Aarhus. 


Aii.  M.LXXI.  In  this  year  earl  Waltheof  made  his  peace  with 
the  king  ;  and  in  the  following  Lent  (Feb.  17th)  the  king 
caused  all  the  monasteries  that  were  in  England  to  be  '  plun- 
dered. And  in  this  year  there  was  a  great  famine,  and  the 
monastery  at  Peterborough  was  plundered.  It  was  by  the 
men  whom  bishop  JEgelric  had  before  excommunicated,  because 


An.  M.LXX.  In  this  year  earl  Waltheof  made  his  peace  with 
the  king  ;  and  in  the  following  Lent  the  king  caused  all  the 
monasteries  that  were  in  England  to  be  plundered.  Then,  in 
the  same  year  came  2Svein  king  of  Denmark  into  the  Humber; 
and  the  country  people  came  to  meet  him,  and  made  peace 
with  him,  weening  that  he  would  overrun  the  land,  Then 
came  to  Ely  Christian,  the  *  Danish  bishop,  and  Asbiorn  jarl, 
and  the  Danish  '  huscarls '  with  them  ;  and  the  English 
folk  from  all  the  fen-lands  came  to  them,  weening  that  they 
would  win  all  thd  land.  Then  the  monks  of  Peterborough 
heard  say  that  their  own  men  would  plunder  the  monastery, 
that  was  Hereward  and  his  company.  That  was  because  they 
had  heard  say  that  the  king  had  given  the  abbacy  to  a  French 
abbot  named  Turold,  and  that  he  was  a  very  stern  man,  and 
was  then  come  to  Stamford  with  all  his  Frenchmen.  There 
was  then  a  church-ward  there  named  Yware,  who  took  by 
night  all  that  he  could  ;  that  was,  gospels,  mass-mantles, 
cantor-copes,  and  robes,  and  such  little  things,  whatever  he 
could;  and  went  forthwith,  ere  day,  to  the  abbot  Turold,  and 
told  him  that  he  sought  his  protection,  and  informed  him  how 
the  outlaws  were  to  come  to  Peterborough,  and  that  he  did 
all  by  the  advice  of  the  monks.  Then  soon  on  the  morrow 
came  all  the  outlaws  with  many  ships,  and  would  enter  the 
monastery,  and  the  monks  withstood  so  that  they  could  not  come 


1  The  monasteries  were  the  de- 
positories of  treasure  belonging  to 
rich  individuals  ;  of  this  William 
despoiled  them  :  "  rex  Willelmus 
"  monasteria  totius  Angliae  per- 
"  scrutari,  et  pecuniam  quam  ditiores 
"  Angli,  propter  illius  austeritatem 
"  et  depopulationem,  in  eis  depo- 


"  suerant,  auferri  et  in  serarium 
"  suum  jussit  deferri."  Flor.  Wi- 
gorn,  a.  1070. 

2  Svein  did  not  come,  but  sent  his 
two  sons,  Harald  and  Cnut,  with 
their  uncle  Asbiorn  jarl.  See  Dahl- 
mann,  Gesch.  v.  Dannem.  I.  p.  176. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  177 

they  had  there  taken  all  that  he  owned.     And  in  the  same 
summer  the  fleet  came  into  the  Thames,  and  lay  there  two 
nights,  and  then  held  on  their  course  to  Denmark.     And  *eaii  *0f  Flanders. 
Baldwine  died,  and  Arnulf  his  son  succeeded  to  the  govern- 
ment ;  and  the  *king  of  the  Franks  and  l  earl  William  were  to  *  Philip  I. 
be  his  guardians.     But  there  came  *  Robert,  and  slew  Arnulf  *surnamedthe 

Frisian. 

his  kinsman,  and  the  earl  William,  and  many  thousands  of  his 
men. 


in.  They  then  set  it  on  fire  and  burned  all  the  monks'  houses, 
and  all  the  town,  save  one  house.  They  then  came  in  through 
fire,  in  at  2Bolhithe  gate,  and  the  monks  came  to  meet  them, 
praying  for  peace.  But  they  recked  of  nothing,  went  into  the 
monastery,  clomb  up  to  the  holy  rood,  then  took  the  crown  from 
our  Lord's  head,  all  of  beaten  gold  ;  then  took  the  '  foot-spur ' 
that  was  underneath  his  foot,  which  was  all  of  red  gold.  They 
clomb  up  to  the  steeple,  brought  down  the  crosier  that  was 
there  hidden ;  it  was  of  gold  and  of  silver.  They  took  there  two 
golden  shrines,  and  nine  of  silver  ;  and  they  took  fifteen  great 
roods,  both  of  gold  and  of  silver.  They  took  there  so  much  gold 
and  silver,  and  so  many  treasures  in  money,  and  in  raiment, 
and  in  books,  as  no  man  may  tell  to  another,  saying  that  they 
did  it  from  affection  to  the  monastery.  They  then  betook  them- 
selves to  the  ships,  proceeded  to  Ely,  and  there  deposited  all  the 
treasures.  The  Danish  men  weened  that  they  should  overcome 
the  Frenchmen ;  they  then  dispersed  all  the  monks,  none  re- 
maining there  save  one  monk  named  Leofwine  Lange;  he  lay 
sick  in  the  sick  man's  ward.  Then  came  abbot  Turold,  and 
eight  times  twenty  Frenchmen  with  him,  and  all  fully  armed. 
When  he  came  thither,  he  found  within  and  without  all  burnt, 
save  only  the  church.  The  outlaws  were  then  all  afloat,  knowing 
that  he  would  come  thither.  This  was  done  on  the  day  the  ivth 
of  the  Nones  of  June  (Jun.  2nd).  The  two  kings,  William  and 


1  William  Fitz  Osbern,  created  by 
the  Conqueror  earl  of  Hereford.  See 
for  an  account  of  him,  Will.  Gem- 
met,  cc.  vii.  vin.  Ord.  Vital,  pp. 
526,  sq.  (edit.  Maseres,  pp,  270, 271). 
Roman  de  Bou,  n.  pp.  122-126. 


W.   Malmesb.   pp.  431,   432,   edit. 
E.  H.  S. 

2  "  Janua  ab  australi  parte  monas- 
"  terii  Petroburgensis,  vulyo  hodie 
"  Bulldykegate  dicta."  Hugo  Can- 
didus  ap.  Sparke,  p.  49. 


VOL.  II.  M 


178  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

346.  An.  M.LXXII.  (M.LXXI.)  In  this  year  earl  Eadwine  and  earl 

Morkere  fled  away,  and  went  diversly  in  woods  and  in  fields, 
until  Eadwine  was  basely  slain  by  his  own  men,  and  Morkere  by 
ship  went  to  Ely  :  and  there  came  bishop  JEgelwine,  and  Sige- 
ward  Barn,  and  many  hundred  men  with  them.  But  when  king 
William  was  informed  of  that,  he  ordered  out  a  naval  force  and 
a  land-force,  and  beset  the  land  all  about,  and  wrought  a  bridge 
and  went  in,  and  the  naval  force  on  the  water-side.  And  then 
all  the  outlaws  went  and  surrendered  to  the  king  :  these 
were  bishop  -ZEgelwine,  and  earl  Morkere,  and  all  who  were 
with  them,  except  Hereward  only,  and  all  who  could  flee  away 
with  him.  And  he  boldly  led  them  out,  and  the  king  took 


Svein,  became  reconciled,  when  the  Danish  men  went  out 
from  Ely  with  all  the  aforesaid  treasure,  and  conveyed  it  with 
them.  When  they  came  in  the  middle  of  the  sea,  a  great  storm 
came  and  scattered  all  the  ships  in  which  the  treasures  were : 
some  went  to  Norway,  some  to  Ireland,  some  to  Denmark;  and 
all  that  thither  came  were  the  crosier,  and  some  shrines,  and 
some  roods,  and  many  of  the  other  treasures;  and  they  brought 
them  to  a  king's  town  called  .  .  .  .  ,  and  placed  them  all  in 
the  churcn.  Then  afterwards,  through  their  heedlessness,  and 
through  their  drunkenness,  on  one  night  the  church  was  burnt, 
and  all  that  was  therein.  Thus  was  the  monastery  of  Peter- 
borough burnt  and  plundered.  May  Almighty  God  have  com- 
347.  passion  on  it  through  his  great  mercy.  And  thus  the  abbot 
Turold  came  to  Peterborough,  and  the  monks  then  came  again, 
and  did  Christ's  service  in  the  church,  which  had  a  full  sennight 
before  stood  without  any  kind  of  rite.  When  bishop  ^Egelric 
heard  that  say,  he  excommunicated  all  the  men  who  had  done 
the  evil.  Then  there  was  a  great  famine  this  year  ;  and  in 
the  summer  came  the  fleet  from  the  north  out  of  the  Humber 
into  the  Thames,  and  lay  there  two  nights,  and  afterwards 
proceeded  to  Denmark.  And  count  Baldwine  died,  and  his  son 
Arnulf  succeeded  to  the  government ;  and  earl  William  was 
to  be  his  guardian,  and  the  king  of  the  Franks  also  ;  but  then 
came  count  Robert  and  slew  his  kinsman  Arnulf  and  the  earl, 
and  put  the  king  to  flight,  and  slew  many  thousands  of  his 
men.a 

E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  179 

their  ships  and  weapons  and  many  treasures  ;  and  all  the  men 
he  took,  and  did  with  them  what  he  would.  And  bishop 
JEgelwine  he  sent  to  Abingdon,  and  he  there  died,  in  the 
winter,  shortly  after. 

An.  M.LXXIII.  (M.LXXII.)  In  this  year  king  William  led  a 
naval  force  and  a  land-force  to  Scotland,  and  lay  about  that 
land  with  ships  on  the  sea-side  ;  and  himself  with  his  land- 
force  went  in  over  the  'ford,  aand  he  there  found  naught 
for  which  they  were  the  better/  And  king  Malcolm  came  and 
made  peace  with  king  William,  and  gave  hostages,  and  was  his 
man  ;  and  the  king  went  home  with  all  his  force.  And  bishop 
JQgelric  died  :  he  was  ordained  bishop  at  York,  but  it  was 
unjustly  taken  from  him,  and  the  bishopric  of  Durham  given 
to  him,  and  he  had  it  while  he  would,  and  afterwards  left 
it  and  went  to  Peterborough,  to  St.  Peter's  monastery,  and 
there  lived  twelve  years.  Then  after  that  king  William  had 
won  England,  he  had  him  taken  from  Peterborough  and  sent 
him  to  Westminster.  And  he  there  died  on  the  Ides  of 
October  (Oct.  15th),  and  is  there  buried  within  the  monastery, 
in  the  porch  of  St.  Nicholas. 

An.  M.LXXIV.  (M.LXXIII.)  In  this  year  king  William  led  an 
English  and  French  force  over  sea,  and  won  the  land  of  Le 
Maine.  And  the  Englishmen  greatly  wasted  the  land  ;  vine- 
yards they  ruined,  and  towns  burned,  and  greatly  wasted  the 
land,  and  reduced  it  all  into  the  hand  of  king  William  ;  and 
they  afterwards  went  home  to  England. 

An.  M.LXXV.  In  this  year  king  William  went  over  sea 
to  Normandy  i  and  Eadgar  child  came  from  the  Flemings' 
land  to  Scotland,  on  St.  Grimbald's  mass-day  (July  8th)  ; 
and  king  Malcolm  and  his  sister  Margaret  received  him  with 


An.  M.LXXIV.  In  this  year  king  William  went  over  sea  to 
Normandy,  and  Eadgar  child  came  from  Scotland  to  Nor- 
mandy ;  and  the  king  inlawed  him  and  all  his  men  ;  and  he 


1  "  His  land-fyrde  set  j?am  gewsede 
"  in  Isedde." — led  his  land-force  in 
at  the  ford,  probably  at  the  Forth.— E. 
"  in  loco  qui  dicitur  Abernithici." 
Flor.  Wigorn.  Whence  it  would 


2/  I  cannot  satisfactorily  interpre 
this  passage.  Lingard  renders  it  : 
"He  there  found  naught  that  him 
"  better  was,"  which  is  not  very 
intelligible.  See  his  note. 


seem  that  he  reached  the  Tay. 

M   2 


180  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

I.  great  worship.    At  that   same   time  *  Philip  king   of  France 

wrote  to  him,  and  bade  him  come  to  him,  and  he  would  give 
him  the  castle  of  Montreuil,  that  he  might  then  daily  do  harm 
to  his  enemies.  Moreover,  king  Malcolm  and  his  sister 
Margaret  gave  him  and  all  his  men  great  gifts  and  many 
treasures,  in  skins  decked  with  purple,  and  in  pelisses  of 

minever?  marten  skin,  and  *weasel  skin,  and  ermine  skin  ;  and  in  palls, 
and  in  golden  and  silver  vessels  ;  and  led  him  and  all  his 
shipmen  with  great  worship  from  his  dominion.  But  on  the 
voyage  evil  befel  them,  when  they  were  out  at  sea  ;  so  that 
there  came  on  them  very  rough  weather,  and  the  raging  sea 
and  the  strong  wind  cast  them  on  the  land  so  that  all  their 
ships  burst  asunder,  and  they  themselves  with  difficulty  came 
to  land,  and  almost  all  their  treasures  were  lost.  And  some  of 
his  men  also  were  seized  by  the  Frenchmen  ;  but  he  himself 
and  his  best  men  went  back  again  to  Scotland  :  some  ruefully 
going  on  foot,  and  some  miserably  riding.  Then  king  Malcolm 
advised  him  that  he  should  send  to  king  William  over  sea,  and 
pray  his  peace  ;  and  he  also  did  so,  and  the  king  granted  it  to 
him,  and  sent  after  him.  And  king  Malcolm  and  his  sister 
again  gave  him  and  all  his  men  innumerable  treasures,  and 
very  worthily  again  sent  him  from  their  jurisdiction.  And  the 
shire-reeve  of  York  came  to  meet  him  at  Durham,  and  went 
all  the  way  with  him,  and  enabled  him  to  find  food  and  fodder 
at  every  castle  which  they  came  to,  until  they  came  over  sea  to 
the  king.  And  king  William  then  received  him  with  great 
worship,  and  he  was  there  in  his  court,  and  took  such  rights, 
as  he  allowed  him. 

348,  349.  An.  M.LXXVI.  (if.LXxv.)  In  this  year  king  William  gave  to 
earl  Ralph  the  daughter  of  William  Fitz  Osbern.  And  the 
same  Ralph  was  a  Breton  on  his  mother's  side,  and  Ralph  his 
father  was  l  English,  named  Ralph,  and  was  born  in  Norfolk. 


was  in  the  king's  court,  and  received  such  privileges  as  the 
king  granted  him.a 


1  Probably  Radulf  the  '  stallere  ' 
(constable),  who  had  large  posses- 
sions in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, '  Tem- 


'  pore  Regis  Edwardi.'    Engl.  under 
the  Norman  Kings,  p.  167. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE.  181 

And  on  that  account  the  king  gave  his  son  the  earldom  of 
Norfolk,  and  also  of  Suffolk.  He  then  conducted  his  wife  to 
Norwich. 

There  was  that  bride-ale, 

that  was  many  men's  bale. 

1  There  were  *earl  Roger,  and  earl  Waltheof,  and  bishops  and  *( 
abbots  ;  and  they  there  resolved  that  they  would  drive  their 
royal  lord  from  his  kingdom  ;  and  this  was  forthwith  made 
known  to  the  king  in  Normandy.  Earl  Ralph  and  earl  Roger 
were  the  chiefs  in  this  evil  design  ;  and  they  enticed  the 
Bretons  to  them,  and  sent  also  to  Denmark  for  a  naval  force. 
And  Roger  went  west  to  his  earldom,  and  gathered  his  people 
for  the  king's  detriment,  as  he  thought,  but  it  was  to  their  own 
great  harm.  Ralph  would  also  go  forth  with  his  earldom  ; 
but  the  castlemen  who  were  in  England,  and  also  the  country 
folk,  came  against  them,  and  prevented  them  all,  so  that  they 
did  nothing  ;  but  he  was  fain  to  flee  to  the  ships  :  and  his  wife 
remained  behind  in  the  castle,  and  held  it  so  long  until  peace 
was  granted  her  ;  and  she  then  Avent  out  from  England,  and 
all  her  men  that  would  go  with  her.  And  the  king  afterwards 
came  to  England,  and  took  earl  Roger,  his  kinsman,  and  set 
him  in  prison.  And  earl  Waltheof  went  over  sea,  and  accused 


An.  M.LXXV.  — '  There  were  earl  Roger,  and  earl  Waltheof, 
and  bishops,  and  abbots  ;  and  they  there  so  resolved  that 
they  would  displace  the  king  from  the  kingdom  of  Eng- 
land. And  it  was  forthwith  made  known  to  the  king  in 
Normandy  how  it  was  resolved.  It  was  earl  Roger  and  earl 
Ralph  who  Avere  the  chiefs  in  that  evil  design  ;  and  they 
enticed  the  Bretons  to  them,  and  sent  east  to  Denmark,  for  a 
naval  force  to  their  support.  And  Roger  went  west  to  his 
earldom,  and  gathered  his  people  for  the  king's  detriment  ;  but 
he  was  prevented.  And  Ralph,  in  his  earldom,  would  go  forth 
with  his  people  ;  but  the  castlemen  who  were  in  England,  and 
also  the  country  folk,  came  against  him,  and  acted  so  that  he 
did  nothing,  but  went  on  shipboard  at  Norwich.  And  his 
wife  was  within  the  castle,  and  held  it  so  long  until  peace  was 
granted  her.  And  she  then  went  out  from -England,  and  all 
her  men  who  would  go  with  her.  And  the  king  afterwards 
Carrie  to  England,  and  took  earl  Roger,  his  kinsman,  and  im- 
prisoned him  ;  and  earl  Waltheof  he  also  took.  And  soon 


182  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

himself,  and  implored  forgiveness,  and  offered  treasures.  But 
the  king  treated  it  lightly  until  he  came  to  England,  and  then 
caused  him  to  be  taken.  And  soon  after  this  came  two  hun- 
dred ships  from  Denmark,  wherein  the  chiefs  were  Cnut,  son 
of  king  Svein,  and  Hakon  jarl ;  but  they  durst  not  maintain  a 
battle  against  king  William  ;  but  went  to  York,  and  brake 
into  St.  Peter's  monastery,  and  therein  took  much  property, 
and  so  went  away  ;  but  all  perished  who  were  of  that  counsel ; 
that  was  the  son  of  Hakon  jarl,  and  many  others  with  him. 
And  Eadgyth  the  lady  died  seven  nights  before  Christmas, 
at  Winchester :  she  was  the  relict  of  king  Eadward,  and 
350,  351.  the  king  had  her  brought  to  Westminster  with  great  worship, 
and  laid  her  by  king  Eadward  her  lord.  The  king  was  that 
Midwinter  at  Westminster  :  there  were  all  the  Bretons  con- 
demned who  were  at  the  marriage  at  Norwich  :  some  were 
blinded,  and  some  banished  from  the  land,  and  some  punished 
ignominiously.  Thus  were  the  king's  traitors  crushed. 
s  An.  M.LXXVII.  (M.LXXVI.)  In  this  year  died  Svein,  king  of 
Denmark,  and  Harald  his  son  succeeded  to  his  kingdom.  In 
this  year  king  William  gave  the  abbacy  of  Westminster  to 
*  aWwtswper-  abbot !  Vitalis,  who  had  before  been  a  *monk  at  Bernay.  And 
in  this  year  earl  Waltheof  was  beheaded  at  Winchester,  on 
St.  Petronilla's  mass-day  (May  31st)  ;  and  his  body  was  con- 


after  that  there  came  from  the  east  twe  hundred  ships  from 
Denmark,  and  therein  were  two  chieftains,  Cnut  son  of  Sveiu, 
and  Hakon  jarl  ;  but  they  durst  not  maintain  a  battle  against 
king  William,  but  proceeded  over  sea  to  Flanders.  And  Ead- 
gyth the  lady  died  at  Winchester,  seven  nights  before  Christ- 
mas. And  the  king  had  her  brought  to  Westminster,  with 
great  worship,  and  laid  her  by  king  Eadward  her  lord.  And 
he  was  at  Westminster  that  Midwinter.  And  all  the  Bretons 
were  fordone  who  were  at  the  bride-ale  at  Norwich  :  some 
were  blinded,  and  some  driven  from  the  land.  So  were 
William's  traitors  crushed.11 


A  large  slab  covers  his  remains  in  the  cloister  at  Westminster. 


E. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  183 

veyed  to  Oowland,  and  he  is  there  buried.  And  king  William 
went  over  sea,  and  led  a  force  to  Brittany,  and  besieged  the 
castle  of  Dole  ;  but  the  Bretons  held  it  until  the  king  came 
from  France,  and  king  William  then  went  thence,  and  there 
lost  both  men  and  horses,  and  innumerable  treasures. 

An.  M.LXXVIII.  In  this  year  the  moon  was  eclipsed  three 
nights  before  Candlemas  (Feb.  2nd).  And  JEgelwig,  the 
'  world- wise '  abbot  of  Evesham,  died  on  St.  Juliana's  mass- 
day  (Feb.  16th)  ;  and  Walter  was  set  as  abbot  in  his  stead. 
And  bishop  Hereman  died,  who  was  bishop  of  Berkshire, 
and  of  Wiltshire,  and  of  Dorsetshire.  And  in  this  year  king 

Malcolm  won  the  mother  of  Mselslaeht and  all  his 

best  men,  and  all  his  treasure,  and  his  cattle,  and  he  himself 
escaped  with  difficulty.  And  in  this  year  was  the  dry  summer, 
and  wildfire  came  in  many  shires,  and  burned  many  towns  ; 
and  also  many  burghs  were  burnt. 

An.  M.LXXIX.  In  this  year  Robert,  the  son  of  king  William, 
fled  from  his  father  to  his  uncle  Robert  in  Flanders  ;  because 
his  father  would  not  let  him  rule  over  his  county  of  Normandy, 
which  he  himself,  and  also  king  Philip,  with  his  consent,  had 
given  him  ;  and  those  who  were  best  in  the  land  had  sworn 
oaths  to  him,  and  taken  him  for  lord.  In  this  year  Robert 
fought  against  his  father,  and  wounded  him  in  the  hand,  and 


An.  M.LXXVII.  In  this  year  the  king  of  the  Franks  and  king 
William  of  England  were  reconciled  ;  though  it  lasted  but  a 
little  while.  And  in  this  year  London  was  burnt,  one  night 
before  the  Assumption  of  St.  Mary  (Aug.  15th)  so  extensively 
as  it  never  was  before  since  it  was  founded.  And  in  this  year 
died  ^gelwig,  abbot  of  Evesham,  on'  the  day  the  xivth  of  the 
Kal.  of  March  (Feb.  16th).  And  bishop  Hereman  also  died, 
on  the  day  the  Kal.  of  March  (Mar.  lst).a 

An.  M.LXXIX.  In  this  year  Malcolm,  king  of  Scotland,  came 
into  England,  betwixt  the  two  St.  Mary's  masses,1  with  a  large 
force,  and  harried  Northumberland,  until  he  came  to  the  Tyne, 
and  slew  many  hundred  men  ;  and  led  home  many  treasures 

1  "  post  Assumptionem  S.  Marise."    Flor.  Wigorn.     See  p.  174,  note. 


184  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

his  (father's)  horse  was  shot  under  him,  and  he  who  brought 
another  to  him  was  straightways  shot  with  a  cross-bow  :  that 
was  Toki,  son  of  'vYiggod.  And  many  were  there  slain,  and 
also  taken  ;  and  Robert  went  again  to  Flanders.  We  will, 
however,  write  down  no  more  injury  which  he  .  .  his  father 
mi 

An.  M.LXXX.  In  this  year  bishop  Walchere  was  slain  in 
Durham,  at  a  meeting,  and  a  hundred  men  with  him,  French 
and  Flemish  ;  but  he  was  himself  born  in  Lorraine.  This  the 
Northumbrians  did  in  the  month  of  May. 

An.  M.LXXXI.  In  this  year  the  king  led  a  force  into  Wales, 
and  there  freed  many  hundred  men. 

An.  M.LXXXII.  In  this  year  the  king  took  bishop  Odo  ;  and 
in  this  year  there  was  a  great  famine. 

352.  An.  M.LXXXIII.  In  this  year  arose  the   discord  at  Glaston- 

bury,  betwixt  the  abbot  Thurstan  and  his  monks.  It  came 
first  from  the  abbot's  lack  of  wisdom,  so  that  he  misruled  his 
monks  in  many  things,  and  the  monks  meant  it  kindly  to  him, 
and  prayed  him  that  he  would  entreat  them  rightly,  and  love 
them,  and  they  would  be  faithful  to  him,  and  obedient.  But 
the  abbot  would  naught  of  this,  but  did  them  evil,  and  threat- 
ened them  worse.  One  day  the  abbot  went  into  the  chapter- 
house, and  spake  against  the  monks,  and  would  misuse  them, 
and  sent  after  laymen,  and  they  came  into  the  chapter-house 
upon  the  monks  full  armed.  And  then  the  monks  were 
greatly  afraid  of  them,  knew  not  what  they  were  to  do,  but 
fled  in  all  directions  :  some  ran  into  the  church,  and  locked 
the  doors  after  them  ;  and  they  went  after  them  into  the 


and  precious  things,  and  men  in  captivity.  And  in  the  same 
year  king  William  fought  against  his  son  Robert  without  Nor- 
mandy, near  a  castle  called  Gerberoi  ;  and  king  William  was 
there  wounded,  and  his  horse  slain,  on  which  he  sat.  And 
his  son  William  was  also  there  wounded,  and  many  men  were 
slain. a 


Here  ends  MS.  Cott.  Tiber.  B.  iv.     All  that  follows  is  from  E. 


E, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  185 

monastery,  and  would  drag  them  out,  as  they  durst  not  go  out. 
But  a  rueful  thing  happened  there  on  that  day.  The  French- 
men broke  into  the  quire,  and  hurled  towards  the  altar  where 
the  monks  were  ;  and  some  of  the  young  ones  went  up  on  the 
upper  floor,  and  kept  shooting  downward  with  arrows  towards 
the  sanctuary,  so  that  in  the  rood  that  stood  above  the  altar 
there  stuck  many  arrows.  And  the  wretched  monks  lay  about 
the  altar,  and  some  crept  under,  and  earnestly  cried  to  God, 
imploring  his  mercy,  seeing  that  they  might  not  obtain  any 
mercy  from  men.  What  can  we  say,  but  that  they  shot 
cruelly,  and  the  others  brake  down  the  doors  there,  and  went 
in,  and  slew  some  of  the  monks  to  death,  and  wounded  many 
therein,  so  that  the  blood  came  from  the  altar  upon  the  steps, 
and  from  the  steps  on  the  floor.  Three  were  there  slain  to 
death,  and  eighteen  wounded.  And  in  the  same  year  died 
Matilda,  king  "William's  queen,  on  the  day  after  All-Hallows 
mass-day  (Nov.  2nd).  And  in  the  same  year,  after  Mid- 
winter, the  king  caused  a  great  and  heavy  tax  to  be  exacted 
over  all  England ;  that  was  for  every  hide,  two  and  seventy 
pence. 

An.  M.LXXXIV.  In  this  year  died^Wulfwold,  abbot  of  Cherts- 
ey,  on  the  xnith  day  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (Apr.  19th). 

An.  M.LXXXV,  In  this  year  men  declared,  and  for  sooth 
said,  that  Cnut  king  of  Denmark,  son  of  king  Svein,  was 
bound  hitherward,  and  would  win  this  land  with  the  aid  of 
Robert  count  of  Flanders  ;  because  Cnut  had  Robert's  daughter 
to  wife.  When  William  king  of  England,  who  was  then  re- 
siding iu  Normandy, — because  he  owned  both  England  and 
Normandy, — was  apprized  of  this,  he  went  into  England  with 
so  large  an  army  of  horsemen  and  foot,  from  France  and  from 
Brittany,  as  never  before  had  sought  this  land,  so  that  men 
wondered  how  this  land  could  feed  all  that  army,  But  the 
king  caused  the  army  to  be  distributed  through  all  this  laud 
among  his  vassals  ;  and  they  fed  the  army,  each  according  to 
the  measure  of  his  land.  And  men  had  great  affliction  this 
year  ;  and  the  king  caused  the  land  about  the  sea  to  be  laid 
waste,  so  that  if  his  foes  should  land,  they  might  not  have 
whereon  they  might  so  readily  seize.  But  when  the  king  was 
informed  in  sooth  that  his  foes  were  hindered,  and  could  not 
further  their  expedition,  he  let  some  of  the  army  go  to  their 
own  land  ;  and  s-oine  he  held  in  this  land  over  the"  winter. 


186 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


353. 


*  MS.  M.LXXXV. 


/{Then  at  Midwinter  the  king  was  at  Gloucester  with  his 
'witan,'  and  there  held  his  court  five  days  ;[and  afterwards 
the  archbishop  and  clergy  had  a  synod  three  days.  There 
were  Maurice  chosen  bishop  of  London,  and  William  to  Nor- 
folk, and  Robert  to  Cheshire.  They  were  all  the  king's  clerks) 

^^After  this  the  king  had  a  great  council,  and  very  deep  speech 
with  his  '  witan '  about  this  land,  how  it  was  peopled,  or  by 
what  men  ;  then  sent  his  men  over  all  England,  into  every 
shire,  and  caused  to  be  ascertained  how  many  hundred  hides 
were  in  the  shire,  or  what  land  the  king  himself  had,  and 
cattle  within  the  land,  or  what  dues  he  ought  to  have,  in 
twelve  months,  from  the  shire.  Also  he  caused  to  be  written 
how  much  land  his  archbishops  had,  and  his  suiFrp^gan  bishops, 
and  his  abbots,  and  his  earls ;  and — though  I  may  narrate 
somewhat  prolixly — what  or  how  much  each  man  had  who 
was  a  holder  of  land  in  England,  in  land,  or  in  cattle,  and  how 
much  money  it  might  be  worth.  So  very  narrowly  he  caused 
it  to  be  traced  out,  that  there  was  not  one  single  hide,  nor  one 
2yard  of  land,  nor  even — it  is  shame  to  tell,  though  it  seemed 
to  him  no  shame  to  do — an  ox,  nor  a  cow,  nor  a  swine,  was 
left,  that  was  not  set  down  in  his  writ.  And  all  the  writings 
were  brought  to  him  afterwards.  J 

An.  *M.LXXXVI.  In  this  year  the  king  bare  his  crown,  and 
held  his  court  in  Winchester,  at  Easter ;  and  so  he  went  that 
he  was  by  Pentecost  at  Westminster,  and  dubbed  his  son  Henry 
a  knight  there.  After  that  he  went  about,  so  that  he  came  by 
Lammas  to  Salisbury,  and  there  his  *  witan '  came  to  him,  and 
all  the  landholders  that  were  of  account  over  all  England,  3be 
they  the  men  of  what  man  they  might ;  and  they  all  sub- 
mitted to  him,  and  were  his  men,  and  swore  to  him  oaths  of 
fealty,  that  they  would  be  faithful  to  him  against  all  othei 
men.  Thence  he  went  to  Wight,  because  he  would  go  to 
Normandy,  and  afterwards  did  so  ;  and  yet  he  first  did  after 
his  wont,  obtained  a  very  great  treasure  from  his  subjects, 
where  he  could  have  any  accusation,  either  with  justice  or 
otherwise.  He  then  went  afterwards  to  Normandy ;  and 
Eadgar  setheling,  the  kinsman  of  king  Eadward,  revolted  from 


1  Here  is  the  beginning  of  the 
great  Domesday  survey. 

2  For  the  virgate,  or  yard,  of  land, 


see  Ellis.  Introd.  to  Domesday,  i 
p.  155. 
3  i.e.  the  vassals  of  what  lord  soever, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  187 

him,  because  lie  had  no  great  honour  from  him  ;  but  may  the 
Almighty  God  give  him  honour  \n  the  life  to  come.  And 
Christina,  the  setheling's  sister,  retired  to  the  monastery  at 
Rumsey,  and  received  the  holy  veil.  And  the  same  year  was 
a  very  heavy,  and  toilsome,  and  sorrowful  year  in  England, 
through  murrain  of  cattle,  and  corn  and  fruits  were  at  a  stand, 
and  so  great  unpropitiousness  in  weather,  as  no  one  can  easily 
think  :  so  great  was  the  thunder  and  lightning,  that  it  killed 
many  men  ;  and  ever  it  grew  worse  with  men  more  and  more. 
May  God  Almighty  better  it,  when  it  shall  be  his  will. 

An.  *M.LXXXVII.  After  the  birth-tide  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  *  MS.  M.LXXXVJ. 
one  thousand  and  seven  and  eighty  winters,  in  the  one  and 
twentieth  year  after  William  ruled  and  held  despotic  sway  over 
England,  as  God  had  granted  him,  there  was  a  very  heavy 
and  very  pestilent  year  in  this  land.  Such  a  malady  came  on 
men  that  almost  every  other  man  was  in  the  worst  evil,  that  is 
with  fever,  and  that  so  strongly  that  many  men  died  of  the  evil. 
Afterwards  there  came,  through  the  great  tempests  which  came 
as  we  have  before  told,  a  very  great  famine  over  all  England,  so 
that  many  hundred  men  perished  by  death  through  that  famine. 
Alas  !  how  miserable  and  how  rueful  a  time  was  then  !  when 
the  wretched  men  lay  driven  almost  to  death,  and  afterwards  354. 
came  the  sharp  famine  and  quite  destroyed  them.  Who  can- 
not feel  pity  for  such  a  time  ?  or  who  is  so  hard-hearted  that 
cannot  bewail  such  misfortune  ?  But  such  things  befal  for  a 
folk's  sins,  because  they  will  not  love  God  and  righteousness  : 
so  as  it  was  in  those  days,  that  little  righteousness  was  in  this 
land  with  any  man,  save  with  the  monks  alone,  wherever  they 
fared  well.  The  king  and  the  head  men  loved  much,  and  over 
much,  covetousness  in  gold  and  in  silver,  and  recked  not  how 
sinfully  it  might  be  got,  provided  it  came  to  them.  The  king 
gave  his  land  as  dearly  for  rent  as  he  possibly  could  ;  then 
came  some  other  and  bade  more  than  the  other  had  before 
given,  and  the  king  let  it  to  the  man  who  had  bidden  him 
more  ;  then  came  a  third  and  bade  yet  more,  and  the  king 
gave  it  up  to  the  man  who  had  bidden  most  of  all.  And  he 
recked  not  how  very  sinfully  the  reeves  got  it  from  poor  men, 
nor  how  many  illegalities  they  did;  but  the  more  that  was  said 
about  right  law,  the  more  illegalities  were  done.  They  levied 
unjust  tolls,  and  many  other  unjust  things  they  did,  which  are 
difficult  to  reckon.  Also,  iii  the  same  year,  before  autumn,  the 


188  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

holy  monastery  of  St.  Paul,  the  episcopal  see  of  London,  was 
burnt,  and  many  other  monasteries,  and  1  he  greatest  and  fairest 
part  of  the  whole  city.  So  also,  at  the  same  time,  almost  every 
el  lief  town  in  all  England  was  burnt.  Alas!  a  rueful  and  de- 
plorable time  was  it  in  that  year,  which  brought  forth  so  many 
misfortunes  !  Also  in  the  same  year,  before  the  Assumption 
of  St.  Mary  (Aug.  15th),  king  William  went  from  Normandy 
into  France  with  a  force,  and  made  war  upon  his  own  lord, 
Philip  the  king,  and  slew  a  great  part  of  his  men,  and  burned 
the  town  of  Mantes,  and  all  the  holy  monasteries  that  were 
within  the  town;  and  two  holy  men,who  obeyed  God  and  dwelt 
in  a  hermitage,  were  there  burnt.  This  being  thus  done,  king 
William  turned  again  to  Normandy.  A  rueful  thing  he  did, 
and  a  more  rueful  befel  him.  How  more  rueful  ?  He  fell 
sick,  and  was  severely  afflicted.  What  can  I  tell  ?  Sharp 
death,  that  leaves  neither  powerful  men  nor  humble,  took  him. 
11  e  died  in  Normandy,  on  the  next  day  after  the  Nativity  of 
St.  Mary  (Sept.  9th),  and  he  was  buried  at  Caen,  in  the  mo- 
nastery of  St.  Stephen,  which  he  had  formerly  erected,  and 
afterwards  manifoldly  endowed.  Alas!  how  false  and  how  un- 
stable is  this  world's  wealth  !  He  who  was  before  a  powerful 
king,  and  lord  of  many  a  land,  had  then  of  all  his  land  only  a 
portion  of  seven  feet ;  and  he  who  was  whilom  decked  with  gold 
and  with  gems,  lay  then  covered  over  with  mould !  He  left  after 
him  three  sons;  Robert  was  the  eldest  named,  who  was  count  of 
Normandy  after  him;  the  second  was  called  William,  who  bare 
after  him  the  royal  crown  in  Kngland  :  the  third  was  called 
Henry,  to  whom  his  father  bequeathed  treasures  innumerable. 
If  any  one  desires  to  know  what  kind  of  man  he  was,  or  what 
worship  he  had,  or  of  how  many  lands  he  was  lord,  then  we  will 
v*  rite  of  him  so  as  we  understood  him  who  have  looked  on  him, 
and,  at  another  time,  sojourned  in  his  court.  The  king  Wil- 
liam, about  whom  we  speak,  was  a  very  wise  man.  and  very 
powerful,  more  dignified  and  strong  than  any  of  his  predecessors 
were,  lie  was  mild  to  the  good  men  who  loved  God  ;  and 
over  all  measure  severe  to  the  men  who  gainsayed  his  will. 
On  that  same  si  end,  on  which  God  granted  him  that  he  might 
subdue  England,  he  reared  a  noble  monastery,  and  there  placed 
355.  monks,  and  well  endowed  it.  In  his  days  was  the  noble  monas- 

tery at  Canterbury    buill.  and   jdso  very   many  others  over  all 
Kngland.    This  land  wa.   al.-o  plentifully  supplied  with  monk>. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  189 

and  they  lived  their  lives  after  the  rule  of  St.  Benedict.  And 
in  his  day  Christianity  was  such  that  every  man  who  would 
followed  what  belonged  to  his  condition.  He  was  also  very 
dignified  ;  thrice  every  year  he  bare  his  crown,  as  oft  as  he 
was  in  England.  At  Easter  he  bare  it  in  Winchester  ;  at 
Pentecost  in  Westminster;  at  Midwinter  in  Gloucester.  And 
ilicn  were  with  him  all  the  great  men  over  all  England,  arch- 
bishops and  suffragan  bishops,  abbots  and  earls,  thanes  and 
knights.  So  also  was  he  a  very  rigid  and  cruel  man,  so  that  no 
one  durst  do  anything  against  his  will.  He  had  earls  in  his 
bonds,  who  had  acted  against  his  will  ;  bishops  he  cast  from 
their  bishoprics,  mid  abbots  from  their  abbacies,  and  thanes  into 
prison;  and  at  last  he  spared  not  his  own  brother  named  Odo  : 
he  was  a  very  rich  bishop  in  Normandy,  at  Bayeux  was  his 
episcopal  see;  and  he  was  the  foremost  man  besides  the  king  ; 
and  he  had  an  *  earldom  in  England,  and  when  the  king  was  *  Kent, 
in  Normandy,  then  was  he  the  most  powerful  in  this  land:  and 
him  he  set  in  prison.  Among  other  things  is  not  to  be  for- 
gotten the  good  peace  that  he  made  in  this  land  ;  so  that  a 
man  'who  had  any  confidence  in  himself  might  go  over  his 
realm,  with  his  bosom  full  of  gold,  unhurt.  Nor  durst  nny 
HI  a  i)  si  ay  another  man  had  he  done  ever  so  great  evil  to  the 
other.  And  if  any  common  man  lay  with  a  woman  again st 
her  will,  he  forthwith  lost  the  members  that  he  had  sinned 
with.  He  reigned  over  England,  and  by  his  sagacity  so  tho- 
roughly surveyed  it,  that  there  was  not  a  hide  of  land  within 
England  that  he  knew  not  who  had  it,  or  what  it  was  worth, 
and  afterwards  set  it  in  his  writ.  Brytland  (Wales)  was  in  his 
power,  and  he  therein  wrought  castles,  and  completely  ruled 
over  that  race  of  men.  In  like  manner  he  also  subjected  Scot- 
land to  him  by  his  great  strength.  The  land  of  Normandy  was 
naturally  his,  and  over  the  county  which  is  called  Le  Maine  he 
reigned  ;  and  if  he  might  yet  have  lived  two  years  he  would, 
by  his  valour,  have  won  Ireland,  and  without  any  weapons. 
Certainly  in  his  time  men  had  great  hardship  and  very  many 
injuries.  Castles  he  caused  to  be  made,  and  poor  men  to  be 
greatly  oppressed.  The  king  was  so  very  rigid,  and  took  from 
his  subjects  many  a  mark  of  gold,  and  more  hundred  pounds 

1  '  he  himsylf  aht  wsere.'  who  in  I  correctly  expressed  the  sense  of  the 
himself  was  aught?    I  believe  I  have  |  words. 


190 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHEONICLE. 


*MS.bewihte, 
by  weight  1 


356. 


of  silver,  which  he  took,  by  *  right  and  with  great  uDright,  from 
his  people,  for  little  need.  He  had  fallen  into  covetousness, 
and  altogether  loved  greediness.  He  planted  a  great  *  preserve 
for  deer,  and  he  laid  down  laws  therewith,  that  whosoever 
should  slay  hart  or  hind  should  be  blinded.  He  forbade  the 
harts  and  also  the  boars  to  be  killed.  As  greatly  did  he  love 
the  tall  deer  as  if  he  were  their  father.  He  also  ordained  con- 
cerning the  hares,  that  they  should  go  free.  His  great  men  be- 
wailed it,  and  the  poor  men  murmured  thereat  ;  but  he  was  so 
obdurate,  that  he  recked  not  of  the  hatred  of  them  all;  but  they 
must  wholly  follow  the  king's  will,  if  they  would  live,  or  have 
land,  or  property,  or  even  his  peace.  Alas !  that  any  man 
should  be  so  proud,  so  raise  himself  up,  and  account  him- 
self above  all  men  !  May  the  Almighty  God  show  mercy  to 
his  soul,  and  grant  him  forgiveness  of  his  sins  !  These  things 
we  have  written  concerning  him,  both  good  and  evil,  that  good 
men  may  imitate  their  goodness,  and  wholly  flee  from  the  evil, 
and  go  in  the  way  that  leads  us  to  the  kingdom  of  heaven. 
Many  things  we  may  write  which  happened  in  the  same  year. 
So  it  was  in  Denmark,  that  the  Danish,  that  earlier  was  ac- 
counted the  most  faithful  of  all  folks,  were  turned  to  the 
greatest  faithlessness,  and  to  the  greatest  treachery  that  ever 
could  be.  They  chose  and  submitted  to  king  Cnut,  and  swore 
to  him  oaths,  and  afterwards  2 basely  slew  him  in  a  church. 
In  Spain  also  it  befel,  that  the  heathen  men  went  and  com- 
mitted ravages  on  the  Christian  men,  and  reduced  much  under 
their  sway.  But  the  Christian  king,  Alfonso  by  name,  sent 
everywhere  into  every  land,  and  desired  aid  ;  and  aid  came  to 
him  from  every  land  that  was  Christian  ;  and  they  went  and 
slew  and  drove  away  all  the  heathen  folk,  and  won  their  land 
again,  through  God's  support.  Also  in  this  same  land,  in  the 


1  The  word  deor  (like  the  Ger. 
Thier,  Dan.  Dyr)  signifies  beast  in 
general ;  here  it  is  applied  to  beasts 
of  venery  only.      The   allusion   is 
evidently  to  the  New  Forest.    If  the 
manuscript  is  correct,  frift  in  the 
sense  of  enclosure  is   neuter,  while 
fri'S,  peace,  is  masculine. 

2  He  was  afterwards   canonized 


and  became  the  patron  saint  of  Den- 
mark. Cnut  the  saint  perished  in 
an  insurrection  caused  by  his  ex- 
actions ;  he  was  assassinated  in  the 
church  of  St.  Alban  (afterwards  St. 
Cnut's)  at  Odense,  in  the  island 
of  Fyen,  in  which  he  had  taken 
refuge. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  191 

same  year,  died  many  great  men  :  Stigand  bishop  of  Chichester, 
and  the  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  and  the  abbot  of  Bath,  and 
the  *(abbot)  of  Pershore,  and  then  the  lord  of  them  all,  William  Thurstan.^ 
king  of  England,  of  whom  we  before  spake.  After  his  death, 
his  son,  called  also  William,  like  his  father,  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom,  and  was  blessed  for  king  by  archbishop  Lanfranc  at 
Westminster,  three  days  before  Michaelmas  day.  And  all  the 
men  in  England  submitted  to  him,  and  swore  oaths  to  him. 
This  being  thus  done,  the  king  went  to  Winchester  and  in  - 
spected  the  treasury  and  the  riches  which  his  father  had 
before  gathered  ;  it  was  not  to  be  expressed  by  any  man  how 
much  was  there  gathered  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in  vessels, 
and  in  robes,  and  in  gems,  and  in  many  other  precious  things, 
which  are  difficult  to  recount.  The  king  then  did  as  his 
father  had  commanded  him  ere  he  died,  distributed  the 
treasures,  for  his  father's  soul,  to  every  monastery  that  was 
in  England  :  to  one  monastery  ten  marks  of  gold  ;  to  one, 
six  ;  to  every  country  church,  sixty  pence  ;  and  into  every 
shire  were  sent  a  hundred  pounds  in  money,  to  distribute  to 
poor  men  for  his  soul.  And  before  he  departed,  he  commanded 
that  all  the  men  should  be  released,  who  were  in  durance 
under  his  power.  And  the  king  was  that  Midwinter  in  Lon- 
don. 

An.  M.LXXXVIII.  In  this  year  this  land  was  much  disturbed, 
and   filled   with   great   treason ;    so  that  the   most   powerful 
Frenchmen  that  were  in  this  land  would  betray  their  lord  the 
king,  and  would  have  for  king  his  brother  Robert,  who  was 
count  of  Normandy.     In  this  plot  the  first  was  bishop  Odo, 
and  *  bishop   Geoffrey,  and  William  bishop  of  Durham.     So  *  of  Coutanccs. 
well  had  the  king  done  by  the  *  bishop,  that  all  England  went  *  Of  Durham. 
after  his  counsel,  and  so  as  he  would  :  and  he  thought  to  do  by 
him  as  Judas  Iscariot  did  by  our  Lord.     And  *eaii  Roger  was  *  of  Shrewsbury , 
also  at  that  plotting,  and  very  many  people  with  them,  all 
Frenchmen.     And  this  plot  was  formed  in  Lent  (Mar.  1st). 
As  soon  as  Easter  came,  they  went  and  ravaged,  and  burned, 
and  laid  waste  the  king's  farm-vills,  and  laid  waste  the  lands 
of  all  the  men  who  remained  faithful  to  the  king.     And  each 
of  them  went  to  his  castle,  and  manned  it,  and  provisioned  it 
as  he  best  could  ;  and  bishop  Geoffrey  and  Robert  of  *  Monbrai  *  Also  Molbray, 
went  to  Bristol,  and  harried,  and  brought  the  booty  to  the 
castle.     And  afterwards  they  went  out  from  the  castle  and          357. 


192  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

ravaged  Bath  and  all  the  land  thereabout,  and  all  the  district  of 
Berkeley  they  laid  waste.  And  the  chief  men  of  Hereford  and 
all  that  shire  forthwith,  and  the  men  of  Shropshire  with  many 
people  from  Brytland  (Wales),  came  and  harried  and  burned  in 
Worcestershire,  on  till  they  came  to  the  city  itself ;  and  would 
then  burn  the  city,  and  plunder  the  monastery,  and  win  the 
king's  castle  into  their  hands.  Seeing  these  things,  the  vene- 
rable bishop  Wulfstan  was  sorely  troubled  in  his  mind  ;  be- 
cause the  castle  had  been  committed  to  his  keeping.  Never- 
theless, the  men  of  his  household  went  out  with  a  few  men 
from  the  castle,  and,  through  God's  mercy  and  through  the 
bishop's  deserts,  slew  and  captured  five  hundred  men,  and  put 
all  the  others  to  flight.  The  bishop  of  Durham  did  all  the 
harm  he  could  everywhere  in  the  north.  One  of  them  was 

*  Bigot.  called  *  Roger,  who  '  seized  by  surprise'  the  castle  at  Norwich, 

*  of  Grente-        and  did  yet  the  worst  of  all  over  all  that  land.     *  Hugo  was 

also  one  who  did  nothing  better,  either  in  Leicestershire  or  in 
Northamptonshire.  The  bishop  Odo,  2who  by  his  mother 
was  related  to  the  king,'  went  into  Kent  to  his  earldom,  and 
sorely  ruined  it,  and  laid  completely  waste  the  lands  of  the 
king  and  the  archbishop,  and  brought  all  the  spoil  into  his 
castle  of  Rochester.  When  the  king  was  apprized  of  all  these 
things,  and  what  treason  they  were  practising  against  him, 
he  was  greatly  troubled  in  mind.  He  then  sent  after  English- 
men, and  told  to  them  his  need,  and  desired  their  support,  and 
promised  them  the  best  laws  that  ever  were  before  in  this 
land  ;  and  every  unjust  impost  he  forbade,  and  granted  to 
men  their  woods  and  liberty  of  the  chase  ;  but  it  stood  no 
while.  But  the  Englishmen,  nevertheless,  betook  them  to  the 
aid  of  the  king  their  lord.  They  then  went  towards  Rochester, 
and  wished  to  get  bishop  Odo,  thinking  that  if  they  had  him 
who  was  erewhile  the  head  of  the  evil  counsel,  they  might  the 
better  get  all  the  others.  They  came  then  to  the  castle  at 
Tonbridge  :  in  the  castle  then  were  bishop  Odo's  knights,  and 
many  others,  who  wished  to  hold  it  against  the  king.  But  the 
Englishmen  went  and  brake  into  the  castle,  and  the  men  who 
were  therein  made  peace  with  the  king.  The  king  with  his 


v  hleop  into  J>am  castele,  literally  I       -'  Here  the  original  text  is  either 
ran  or  leaped  into.  \  defective  or  corrupt. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  193 

army  went  towards  Rochester,    and   they   weened   that   the 

bishop  was  therein  ;  but  it  became  known  to  the  king  that  the 

bishop  was  gone  to  the  castle  at  Pevensey  ;  and  the  king  with 

his  army  went  after,  and  beset  the  castle  about,  with  a  very 

large  army,  full  six  weeks.     In  the  meanwhile,  Robert  the 

count  of  Normandy,  the  king's  brother,  gathered  a  very  large 

force,  and  thought  to  win  England,  with  the  aid  of  the  men 

who  were  in  this  land  against  the  king  :  and  he  sent  some  of 

his  men  to  this  land,  and  would  come  himself  after.     But  the 

Englishmen  who  guarded  the  sea  seized  some  of  the  men,  and 

slew  and  drowned  more  than  any  man  could  tell.     After   that, 

food  failed  those  within  the  castle  ;  they  then  desired  peace, 

and   gave  it  up  to    the    king  ;    and    the  bishop   swore  that 

he  would  depart  from  England,  and  come  no  more  into  this 

land,  unless  the  king  sent  after  him  ;  and  that  he  would  give 

up   the  castle  of  Rochester.     Just  as  the  bishop  wras  gone, 

and  was  to  give  up  the  castle,  and  the  king  had  sent  his  men 

with  him,  the  men  who  were  within  the  castle  rose,  and  took 

the  bishop  and  the  king's  men,  and   put  them   in  durance. 

Within  the  castle  were  some  very  good  knights  :  *  Eustace  the  *  of  Boulogne. 

young,  and  three  sons  of  earl  Roger,  and  all  the  best  born  men 

that  were  in  this  land  or  in  Normandy.     When  the  king  was 

apprized  of  these  things,  he  went  after  with  the  army  that  he 

had  there,  and  sent  over  all  England,  and  bade  that  every  man          358. 

that  was  (  unniSing '  should  come  to  him,  French  and  English, 

from  town  and  from  country.     Then  much  folk  came  to  him, 

and  he  went  to  Rochester,  and  beset  the  castle,  until  they  who 

were  therein  made  peace  and  gave  up  the  castle.    Bishop  Odo, 

with  the  men  who  were  within  the  castle,  went  over  sea  ;  and 

so  the  bishop  left  the  dignity  that  the  had  in  this  land.     The 

king  afterwards  sent  an   army  to  Durham,  and  caused  the 

castle  to  be  beset ;  and  the  bishop  made  peace,  and  gave  up 

the    castle,  and   left   his  bishopric,   and  went  to  Normandy. 

Many  Frenchmen  also  left  their  lands,  and  went  over  sea  :  and 

the  king  gave  their  lands  to  the  men  who  had  been  faithful  to 

him. 

An.  M.LXXXIX.  In  this  year  the  venerable  father  and  com- 
fort of  monks,  archbishop  Lanfranc,  departed  from  this  life  ; 
but  we  hope  that  he  went  to  the  heavenly  kingdom.  Likewise 
there  happened  over  all  England  a  great  earthquake,  on  the 
day  the  mrd  of  the  Ides  of  August  (Aug.  llth).  And  it  was 

VOL.   II.  N 


194  THE  ANGLO  SAXON   CHEONICLE. 

a  very  backward  year  in  corn  and  in  fruits  of  every  kind  ;  so 
that  many  men  reaped  their  corn  about  Martinmas  (Nov.  llth), 
and  yet  later. 

An.  M.XC.  Indiction  xiu.  This  being  thus  done,  as  we  have 
before  above  said,  relative  to  the  king  and  to  his  brother,  and 
to  his  men,  the  king  was  considering  how  he  might  take  ven- 
geance on  his  brother  Robert,  most  annoy  him,  and  win  Nor- 
mandy from  him.  Thus  through  his  cunning,  or  through  trea- 
sures, he  obtained  the  castle  of  St.  Valery  and  the  haven  ; 
and  so  he  got  that  at  Albemarle  ;  and  therein  he  set  his  foot- 
soldiers  ;  and  they  did  harm  upon  the  land  in  harrying  and  in 
burning.  After  this  he  got  more  castles  in  the  land,  and 
therein  placed  his  knights.  When  the  count  of  Normandy, 
Robert,  found  that  his  sworn  men  deserted  him,  and  gave  up 
their  castles  to  his  harm,  he  sent  to  his  lord  Philip,  king  of  the 
Franks,  and  he  came  to  Normandy  with  a  large  army  ;  and 
the  king  and  the  count,  with  an  immense  force,  beset  the  castle 
about  wherein  were  the  men  of  the  king  of  England.  King 
William  of  England  then  sent  to  Philip,  king  of  the  Franks,  and 
he,  for  his  love,  or  for  his  great  treasures,  deserted  his  vassal, 
the  count  Robert,  and  his  land,  and  went  again  to  France,  and 
left  them  as  they  were.  And  amid  these  things  this  land  was 
sorely  fordone  by  unlawful  imposts  and  many  other  calamities. 
An.  M.XCI.  In  this  year  king  William  held  his  court  at 
Christmas  in  Westminster  ;  and  thereafter  at  Candlemas  (Feb. 
2nd)  he  went,  to  the  detriment  of  his  brother,  out  of  England 
into  Normandy.  While  he  was  there,  their  reconciliation  took 
place,  on  the  condition,  that  the  count  should  cede  to  him 
Fecamp,  and  the  county  of  Eu,  and  Cherbourg,  and,  in  addi- 
tion thereto,  that  the  king's  men  should  be  sackless  in  the 
castles  that  they  had  gotten  against  the  will  of  the  count. 
And  the  many  which  their  father  had  won,  and  those  which  had 
revolted  from  the  count,  the  king  in  return  promised  to  reduce 
to  obedience  ;  and  all  that  his  father  had  there  beyond,  except 
those  which  he  then  ceded  to  the  king ;  and  that  all  those  who 
in  England  had  before  lost  their  land  for  the  count,  should  by 
this  agreement  have  it  back  ;  and  that  the  count  should  have 
in  England  as  much  as  was  in  their  treaty.  And  if  the  count 
359.  died  without  a  son  by  lawful  wedlock,  the  king  should  be  heir 
of  all  Normandy :  by  this  same  treaty,  if  the  king  died,  the  count 
should  be  heir  of  all  England.  To  this  treaty  swore  twelve 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  195 

of  the  "best  on  the  king's  side,  and  twelve  on  the  count's ;  yet  it 
stood  but  a  little  while  afterwards.  While  this  reconciliation 
was  pending,  Eadgar  aetheling  was  deprived  of  the  land  which 
the  count  had  previously  ceded  to  him  ;  and  went  out  of 
Normandy  to  the  king,  his  'brother-in-law,  in  Scotland, 
and  to  his  sister.  While  king  William  was  out  of  England, 
king  Malcolm  of  Scotland  came  hither  into  England,  and 
harried  a  great  deal  of  it,  until  the  good  men  who  had  charge 
of  this  land  sent  a  force  against  him,  and  turned  him  back. 
When  king  William  in  Normandy  heard  of  this,  he  made  ready 
for  his  departure,  and  came  to  England,  and  his  brother  the 
count  Robert  with  him,  and  forthwith  ordered  a  force  to  be 
called  out,  both  a  ship-force  and  a  land-force  ;  but  the  ship- 
force,  ere  he  could  come  to  Scotland,  almost  all  perished  mise- 
rably, a  few  days  before  St.  Michael's  mass  :  and  the  king  and 
his  brother  went  with  the  land-force.  But  when  king  Mal- 
cholm  heard  that  they  would  seek  him  with  a  force,  he  went 
with  his  force  out  of  Scotland  into  the  *district  of  Leeds,  in  *  provincia 
England,  and  there  awaited.  When  king  William  with  his  FI.  w'igorn. 
force  approached,  then  intervened  count  Robert  and  Eadgar 
aetheling,  and  so  made  a  reconciliation  between  the  kings  ; 
so  that  king  Malcolm  came  to  our  king,  and  became  his  man, 
with  all  such  obedience  as  he  had  before  paid  to  his  father,  and 
that  with  oath  confirmed.  And  king  William  promised  him  in 
land  and  in  all  things  that  which  he  had  had  before  under  his 
father.  In  this  reconciliation  Eadgar  aetheling  was  also  re- 
conciled with  the  king  ;  and  the  kings  then,  with  great  good 
feeling,  separated ;  but  that  stood  only  a  little  while.  And  count 
Robert  continued  here  with  the  king  almost  to  Christmas,  and 
during  that  time  found  little  of  the  truth  of  their  compact ; 
and  two  days  before  that  tide,  took  ship  in  Wight,  and  went  to 
Normandy,  and  Eadgar  aetheling  with  him. 

An.  M.XCII.  In  this  year  king  William,  with  a  large  force, 
went  north  to  Carlisle,  and  2  restored  the  town,  and  raised  the 
castle  ;  and  drove  out  Dolphin,  who  previously  had  ruled  the 
land  there  ;  and  garrisoned  the  castle  with  his  own  men,  and 


1  The  word  '  aftum '  usually  signi- 
fies son-in-law. 


"  nos  diruta,  et  usque  ad  id  tempus 
"  mansit  deserta."    Flor.  Wigorn. 


2  "  a  Danis  paganis  ante  cc.  an- 

N  2 


196  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

then  returned  south  hither.  And  very  many  country  folk 
with  wives  and  with  cattle,  he  sent  thither,  there  to  dwell  and 
to  till  the  land. 

An.  M.XCIII.  In  this  year,  in  Lent,  the  king  William  was 
taken  so  sick  at  Gloucester,  that  he  was  everywhere  reported 
dead.  And  in  his  illness  he  promised  many  promises  to  God  i 
to  lead  his  own  life  righteously,  and  to  grant  peace  and  pro- 
tection to  God's  churches,  and  never  more  again  for  money  to 
sell  them,  and  to  have  all  just  laws  among  his  people.  And 
the  archbishopric  of  Canterbury,  that  had  before  remained  in 
his  own  hand,  he  delivered  to  Anselm,  who  had  before  been 
abbot  of  Bee  ;  and  to  Robert  his  chancellor,  the  bishopric  of 
Lincoln;  and  to  many  monasteries  he  granted  land  ;  but  which 
he  afterwards  withdrew,  when  he  became  well  ;  and  abandoned 
all  the  good  laws  that  he  had  before  promised  us.  Then  after 
this,  the  king  of  Scotland  sent,  and  demanded  the  fulfilment  of 
the  treaty  that  had  been  promised  him.  And  king  William 
summoned  him  to  Gloucester,  and  sent  him  hostages  to  Scotland, 
and  Eadgar  getheling  afterwards,  and  the  men  back  again, 
who  brought  him  with  great  worship  to  the  king.  But  when 
he  came  to  the  king,  he  could  not  be  held  worthy  either  the 
speech  of  our  king,  or  the  conditions  that  had  previously  been 
360.  promised  him  ;  and  therefore  in  great  hostility  they  parted,  and 
king  Malcolm  returned  home  to  Scotland.  But  as  soon  as  he 
came  home,  he  gathered  his  army,  and  marched  into  England, 
harrying  with  more  animosity  than  ever  behoved  him.  And 
then  Robert  the  earl  of  Northumberland  ensnared  him  with  his 
men  unawares,  and  slew  him.  Morel  of  Bamborough  slew  him, 
who  was  the  earl's  steward  and  king  Malcolm's  gossip.  With 
him  was  also  slain  his  son  Edward,  who  should,  if  he  had  lived, 
have  been  king  after  him.  When  the  good  queen  Margaret 
heard  this — her  dearest  lord  and  son  thus  deceived — she  was  in 
mind  afflicted  to  death  ;  and  with  her  priests  went  to  church, 
and  received  her  rites,  and  obtained  by  prayer  to  God  that  she 
might  give  up  her  spirit.  And  the  Scots  then  chose  Donald, 
Malcolm's  brother,  for  king,  and  drove  out  all  the  English, 
who  were  before  with  king  Malcolm.  When  Duncan,  king 
Malcolm's  son,  who  was  in  king  William's  court, — his  father 
having  before  given  him  as  a  hostage  to  our  king's  father,  and 
had  so  remained  afterwards, — heard  all  that  had  thus  taken 
place,  he  came  to  the  king,  and  performed  such  fealty,  as  the 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  197 

king  would  have  of  him,  and  so,  with  his  permission,  went  to 
Scotland,  with  the  support  that  he  could  get  of  English  and 
French,  and  deprived  his  kinsman  Donald  of  the  kingdom,  and 
was  received  for  king.  But  some  of  the  Scots  afterwards 
gathered  together,  and  slew  almost  all  his  followers,  and  he 
himself  with  a  few  escaped.  Afterwards  they  were  reconciled, 
on  the  condition  that  he  never  again  should  harbour  in  the 
land  either  English  or  French. 

An.  M.XCIV.  In  this  year  king  William  had  his  court  at 
Christmas  in  Gloucester,  and  messengers  came  to  him  thither 
from  his  brother  Robert  of  Normandy,  who  declared  that  his 
brother  renounced  all  peace  and  agreement,  unless  the  king 
would  perform  all  that  they  had  before  settled  in  the  agreement; 
and  besides  that  he  called  him  forsworn  and  faithless,  unless 
he  held  to  the  agreement,  or  went  thither  and  there  exculpated 
himself  where  the  agreement  had  before  been  made  and  also 
sworn  to.  Then  went  the  king  to  Hastings,  at  Candlemas 
(Feb.  2nd) ;  and  while  he  was  there  waiting  for  weather,  he 
caused  the  monastery  at  Battle  to  be  hallowed,  and  took  his  staff 
from  Herbert  *Losang,  bishop  of  Thetford  ;  and  thereafter  at  *  de  Losiuga. 
Mid-Lent  went  over  sea  to  Normandy.  After  he  came  thither  he 
and  the  count  Robert,  his  brother,  said  that  they  should  come 
together  in  peace,  and  they  did  so,  yet  might  not  be  reconciled. 
After  that  they  came  together  again  with  the  same  men  who 
had  before  made  the  compact  and  also  sworn  the  oaths,  and 
they  charged  the  whole  breach  upon  the  king  :  but  he  would 
neither  allow  this  nor  also  hold  to  the  agreement  ;  and  there- 
fore they  separated  with  great  animosity.  And  the  king 
afterwards  won  the  castle  at  Bures,  and  took  the  count's  men 
therein,  some  of  whom  he  sent  hither  to  this  land.  Against 
this,  the  count,  with  the  support  of  the  king  of  France,  won 
the  castle  of  Argences,  and  therein  took  Roger  Poitevin,  and 
seven  hundred  of  the  king's  knights  with  him;  and  afterwards 
that  at  Houlme  :  and  repeatedly  each  of  them  against  the  other 
burned  the  towns  and  took  the  men".  Then  the  king  sent  hither 
to  this  land,  and  commanded  twenty  thousand  Englishmen  to  be 
called  out  to  his  support  in  Normandy  ;  but  when  they  came 
to  the  sea,  they  were  ordered  to  return,  and  to  give,  for  the 
king's  behoof,  the  money  that  they  had  received;  that  was  361. 
half  a  pound  each  man  ;  and  they  did  so.  And  after  this,  the 
count,  within  Normandy,  with  the  king  of  France,  and  with 


198  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

all  those  that  they  could  gather,  went  towards  Eu,  wherein 
was  the  king  William,  and  thought  to  besiege  him  therein  ;  and 
so  proceeded  until  they  came  to  Longueville.  There  was  the 
king  of  France  turned  back  by  craft,  and  all  the  expedition 
was  afterwards  dispersed.  In  the  meanwhile  king  William 
sent  after  his  brother  Henry,  who  was  in  the  castle  of  Dom- 
front  ;  but  because  he  could  not  pass  through  Normandy  in 
peace,  he  sent  ships  after  him  and  Hugh  earl  of  Chester.  But 
when  they  should  have  gone  towards  Eu,  where  the  king  was, 
they  went  to  England,  and  arrived  at  Southampton  on  All- 
Hallows  eve  (Oct.  31st),  and  there  afterwards  continued,  and 
at  Christmas  were  in  London.  Also  in  this  same  year  the 
Welshmen  assembled  and  raised  a  war  against  the  French  who 
were  in  Wales,  or  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  had  previously 
deprived  them  of  their  lands,  and  demolished  many  fastnesses 
and  castles,  and  slew  many  men ;  and  after  their  multitude  had 
increased  they  divided  themselves  into  more.  Against  one  of 
those  parties  Hugh  earl  of  Shropshire  fought  and  put  them  to 
flight.  But,  nevertheless,  the  others  all  this  year  ceased  from 
no  evil  which  they  could  perpetrate.  In  this  year  also  the 
Scots  ensnared  and  slew  their  king  Duncan,  and  after  took  to 
them  again,  a  second  time,  his  paternal  uncle  Donald  for  king, 
through  whose  machination  and  incitement  he  was  betrayed 
to  death. 

An.  M.XCV.  In  this  year  was  king  William  the  first  four 
days  of  Christmas  at  Wissant,  and  after  the  fourth  day  came 
hither  to  land,  and  arrived  at  Dover.  And  Henry,  the  king's 
brother,  dwelt  in  this  land  till  Lent,  and  then  went  over  sea 
to  Normandy,  with  great  treasure,  on  the  king's  behalf,  against 
their  brother,  count  Robert,  and  frequently  warred  upon  the 
count,  and  did  him  great  harm  both  in  land  and  in  men.  And 
then  at  Easter  the  king  held  his  court  at  Winchester,  and  the 
earl  Robert  of  Northumberland  would  not  come  to  court,  and 
the  king  on  that  account  was  sorely  excited  against  him,  and 
sent  to  him,  and  harshly  commanded,  if  he  would  be  worthy 
of  protection,  that  he  should  coine  to  court  at  Pentecost.  In 
this  year  Easter  was  on  the  vmth  day  of  the  Kal.  of  April 
(March  25th)  l ;  and  then  at  Easter,  on  the  mass-night  of  St. 


1  The  dates  here  appear  to  be  inaccurate. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  199 

Ambrose,  that  is  the  und  of  the  Nones  of  April  (April  4th), 
there  were  seen,  nearly  over  all  this  land,  and  nearly  all  the 
night,  very  many  stars,  as  it  were,  to  fall  from  heaven,  not  by 
one  or  two,  but  so  thickly  that  no  man  could  count  them. 
Hereafter  at  Pentecost  the  king  was  at  Windsor,  and  all  his 
4  witan'  with  him,  except  the  earl  of  Northumberland;  because 
the  king  would  neither  give  him  hostages,  nor  grant  upon 
pledged  faith  that  he  might  come  and  go  with  peace.  And 
the  king  therefore  ordered  his  army,  and  went  against  the  earl 
to  Northumberland.  And  soon  after  he  came  thither,  he  won 
many  and  almost  all  of  the  best  of  the  earl's  retainers  in  a  fast- 
ness, and  placed  them  in  durance.  And  the  castle  at  Tyne- 
mouth  he  besieged  until  he  won  it,  and  the  earl's  brother 
therein,  and  all  those  who  were  with  him;  and  afterwards 
went  to  Bamborough,  and  besieged  the  earl  therein.  But  when 
the  king  saw  that  he  could  not  win  it,  he  ordered  a  castle  to 
be  made  before  Bamborough,  and  called  it  in  his  speech 
*  Malveisin,'  that  is  in  English,  l  Evil  neighbour,'  and  garri- 
soned it  strongly  with  his  men,  and  afterwards  went  southward. 
Then  immediately  after  that  the  king  was  gone  south,  the  earl  362. 
one  night  went  out  from  Bamborough  towards  Tynemouth  ; 
but  those  who  were  in  the  new  castle  were  aware  of  him,  and 
went  after  him,  and  attacked  and  wounded,  and  afterwards 
captured  him  ;  and  of  those  who  were  with  him  some  were 
slain,  some  taken  alive.  In  the  meanwhile  it  became  known 
to  the  king  that  the  Welshmen  in  Wales  had  demolished  a 
castle  called  Montgomery,  and  slain  earl  Hugh's  men  who  had 
to  hold  it ;  and  he  therefore  commanded  a  second  army  to  be 
suddenly  levied,  and  after  St.  Michael's  mass  went  into  Wales, 
and  distributed  his  force,  and  penetrated  all  the  land,  so  that 
the  force  all  came  together  on  All-Hallows  (Nov.  1st)  at  Snow- 
don.  But  the  Welsh  went  constantly  before  into  mountains 
and  moors,  so  that  it  was  impossible  to  come  at  them.  And  the 
king  then  turned  homewards,  because  he  saw  that  he  could  not 
do  more  there  that  winter.  When  the  king  came  back,  he  com- 
manded earl  Robert  of  Northumberland  to  be  taken  and  led 
to  Bamborough,  and  both  his  eyes  to  be  put  out,  unless  those 
who  were  therein  would  give  up  the  castle.  His  wife  and 
Morel,  who  was  his  steward,  and  also  his  kinsman,  held  it. 
Through  this  the  castle  was  then  given  up ;  and  Morel  was 
then  in  the  king's  court,  and  through  him  were  many,  both 


200 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  amitae. 
Fl.  Wigorn. 


ordained  and  also  lay,  discovered,  who  with  their  counsel  had 
been  among  the  adversaries  of  the  king.  The  king  had  then 
before  this  time  commanded  some  to  be  brought  into  durance, 
and  it  afterwards  to  be  very  rigorously  announced  over  all 
this  land,  that  all  who  held  land  of  the  king,  as  they  would 
be  worthy  of  protection,  should  be  at  court  in  time.  And 
the  king  commanded  the  earl  Robert  to  be  led  to  Windsor, 
and  to  be  there  held  within  the  castle.  Also  in  this  same 
year,  towards  Easter,  the  pope's  legate  came  hither  to  this 
land.  This  was  Walter,  a  man  of  very  good  life,  bishop  of  the 
city  of  Albano;  and  at  Pentecost,  on  behalf  of  pope  Urban, 
gave  to  archbishop  Anselm  his  pall  ;  and  he  received  him  at 
his  archiepiscopal  see  of  Canterbury.  And  the  bishop  Walter 
continued  this  year  long  afterwards  in  the  country  ;  and 
afterwards  the  Rome-scot  was  sent  by  him,  which  had  not 
been  done  for  many  years  before.  In  this  year  also  were  very 
unseasonable  tempests,  and  therefore,  through  all  this  land,  the 
earth-fruits  were  all  turned  to  mediocrity. 

An.  M.XCVI.  In  this  year  king  William  held  his  court  at 
Christmas  in  Windsor  ;  and  William,  bishop  of  Durham,  died 
there  on  New  year's  day.  And  in  the  Octaves  of  the  Epi- 
phany (Jan.  13th)  the  king  and  all  his  council  were  at  Salisbury. 
There  Geoffrey  Bainard  accused  William  of  Eu,  the  king's 
kinsman,  that  he  had  been  in  the  treason  against  the  king,  and 
maintained  it  against  him  by  fight,  and  overcame  him  in  single 
combat,  and  after  he  was  overcome,  the  king  commanded  his 
eyes  to  be  put  out,  and  afterwards  to  emasculate  him;  and  his 
steward  named  William,  who  was  the  son  of  his  "maternal  aunt, 
the  king  commanded  to  be  hanged  on  a  rood.  Then  also  were 
Eudes,  count  of  Champagne,  the  king's  Cousin,  and  many 
others,  deprived  of  their  lands,  and  some  led  to  London,  and 
there  2  deprived  (of  sight).  In  this  year  also,  at  Easter,  there 
was  a  great  excitement  through  all  this  nation  and  many 
other  nations,  through  Urban,  who  was  called  pope,  though  he 


1  In  the  text  he  is  called 
which  usually  signifies  son-in-law; 
but  see  his  relationship  in  Orderic. 
Vitalis,  p.  254,  edit.  Maseres. 

2  This  rendering   of  '  spilde  '  is 
conjectural,  but  is  supported  by  the 


passage  (a.  1124),  'spilde  of  here 
'  segon.'  The  punishment  being 
common,  the  word  '  spillan  '  might 
have  sufficiently  designated  it,  with- 
out further  specification.  Or  it  may, 
perhaps,  simply  mean  destroyed. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHKONICLE.  201 

had  nothing  of  the  see  at  Rome.  And  numberless  people, 
with  wives  and  children,  went  in  order  that  they  might  fight 
against  the  heathen  nations.  Through  this  expedition,  the 
king  and  his  brother,  count  Robert,  became  reconciled,  so  that 
the  king  went  over  sea,  and  for  money  received  from  him  all 
Normandy  in  pledge,  so  that  they  then  were  reconciled.  And 
the  count  afterwards  went,  and  with  him  the  counts  of  Flan-  363. 
ders  and  of  Boulogne,  and  also  many  other  chief  men.  And 
count  Robert  and  those  who  went  with  him  continued  during 
the  winter  in  Apulia.  But  of  the  people  that  went  by  Hun- 
gary, many  thousands  there  and  by  the  way  miserably  perished; 
and  many  sad  and  '  hunger-bitten,'  towards  winter,  journeyed 
home.  This  was  a  very  dismal  year  over  all  England,  both 
through  manifold  imposts  and  also  through  a  very  sad  famine 
that  this  year  afflicted  this  country.  Also  in  this  year  the 
chief  men  who  held  this  land  frequently  sent  a  force  into 
Wales,  and  many  a  man  thereby  sorely  afflicted;  but  there 
naught  was  gained  but  loss  of  men  and  waste  of  money. 

An.  M.XCVII.  In  this  year  was  king  William  at  Christmas  in 
Normandy,  and  then  towards  Easter  was  coming  hither  to  this 
land,  because  he  thought  to  hold  his  court  at  Winchester  ;  but 
he  was  detained  by  bad  weather  until  Easter-eve,  so  that  he 
first  arrived  at  Arundel,  and  therefore  held  his  court  at 
Windsor.  And  thereafter,  with  a  great  army,  went  into 
Wales,  and  penetrated  the  land  in  all  directions  with  his  force, 
through  some  of  the  Welshmen  who  came  to  him,  and  were 
his  guides  ;  and  he  continued  therein  from  Midsummer  almost 
till  August,  and  lost  much  therein,  in  men  and  in  horses,  and 
also  in  many  other  things.  The  Welshmen,  after  they  had 
revolted  from  the  king,  chose  them  many  chieftains  from  them- 
selves ;  one  of  these  was  called  Cadogan,  who  was  the  worthiest 
of  them,  he  was  brother's  son  of  king  Griffith.  And  when  the 
king  saw  that  he  could  there  further  nothing  according  to  his 
will,  he  returned  to  this  land,  and  shortly  after  that  he  caused 
castles  to  be  made  on  the  borders.  Then  at  St.  Michael's  mass,1 
the  ivth  of  the  Nones  of  October  (Oct.  4th)  there  appeared  an 


1  This  is  an  error,  Michaelmas  being  on  the  3rd  of  the  Kal.  of  Oct.,  as 
Florence  has  it. 


202 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


extraordinary  star,  shining  in  the  evening,  and  soon  going  to 
its  setting.  It  was  seen  in  the  south-west,  and  the  ray  that 
stood  from  it  seemed  very  long,  shining  south-east  ;  and  almost 
all  the  week  it  appeared  in  this  wise.  Many  men  supposed 
that  it  was  'comet.  Immediately  after  this  the  archbishop 
Anselm  of  Canterbury  took  leave  of  the  king,  though  it  was 
against  the  king's  will,  as  men  supposed,  and  went  over  sea  ; 
because  it  seemed  to  him  that  in  this  nation  little  was  done 
according  to  right,  and  according  to  his  instruction.  And  the 
king  thereafter,  on  St.  Martin's  mass-day  (Nov.  llth)  went  to 
Normandy  ;  but  while  he  was  waiting  for  weather,  his  court, 
in  the  shires  where  they  lay,  did  the  greatest  harm  that  ever 
court  or  army  could  do  in  a  peaceable  land.  This  was  in  all 
things  a  very  sad  year,  and  over  grievous,  from  the  tempests, 
when  the  land  should  be  tilled,  or  after,  when  the  produce 
should  be  gathered  ;  and  in  unjust  imposts  which  never  ceased. 
2  Many  ships  also,  which  with  their  work  belonged  to  London, 
suffered  great  detriment  by  reason  of  the  wall  which  they 
wrought  about  the  Tower,  and  of  the  bridge,  which  was  almost 
dispersed  by  the  flood  ;  and  of  the  king's  hall- work,  which  was 
being  wrought  at  Westminster,  and  many  men  thereby  injured. 
Also  in  the  same  year,  soon  after  St.  Michael's  mass,  Eadgar 
aetheling,  with  the  king's  support,  went  with  a  force  into  Scot- 
land, and  in  a  hard-fought  battle  won  that  land,  and  drove  out 
the  king  Donald,  and  in  king  William's  vassalage,  set  as  king 
his  kinsman  Eadgar,  who  was  the  son  of  king  Malcolm  and 
of  queen  Margaret ;  and  afterwards  returned  to  England. 
364.  An.  M.XCVIII.  In  this  year  at  Christmas  king  William  was 

in  Normandy  ;  and  Walkeliu,  bishop  of  Winchester,  and  Bald- 
wine,  abbot  of  St.  Edmunds,  within  that  tide  both  died.  And 
in  this  year  also  Turold,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  died.  In  this 
year  also,  in  the  summer,  at  Finchamstead  in  Berkshire,  a  pool 
welled  out  blood,  so  as  many  trustworthy  men  said  who  should 
*  of  Shrewsbury,  have  seen  it.  And  *earl  Hugh  was  slain  in  Anglesey  by 


1  That  is,  the    star    so    called ; 
our  forefathers  apparently  regarding 
comet  as  a  proper  name. 

2  This  passage,  as  far  as  the  word 
injured,    is    not    very    intelligible, 


though  I  believe  it  to  be  nearer  to 
the  true  meaning  of  the  original 
than  -what  is  given  in  former  edi- 
tions. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


203 


1  vikings,  and  his  brother  Robert  was  his  heir,  as  he  had 
obtained  from  the  king.  Before  St.  Michael's  mass,  the  heaven 
appeared  almost  all  the  night  as  if  it  were  burning.  This  was 
a  very  sad  year,  through  manifold  unjust  imposts,  and  through 
the  great  rains,  which  ceased  not  all  the  year  :  nearly  all  the 
tilth  in  the  marsh-land  perished. 

An.  M.XCIX.  In  this  year  king  William  was  at  Midwinter 
in  Normandy  ;  and  at  Easter  came  hither  to  this  land  ;  and  at 
Pentecost  held  his  court,  for  the  first  time,  in  his  new  building 
at  Westminster  ;  and  there  gave  to  *  Ranulf  his  chaplain  the 
bishopric  of  Durham,  who  had  before  2  held  and  supervised  all 
his  '  motes '  over  all  England.  And  immediately  after,  he 
went  over  sea,  and  drove  the  count  *  Helie  out  of  Le  Maine, 
and  afterwards  reduced  it  under  his  power  ;  and  so  on  St. 
Michael's  mass  came  again  hither  to  land.  In  this  year  also,  on 
St.  Martin's  mass-day  (Nov.  llth),  the  sea-flood  sprang  up  to 
that  degree,  and  did  so  much  harm,  as  no  man  remembered  that 
it  ever  before  did  ;  and  it  was  on  the  same  day  a  new  moon. 
And  Osmund,  bishop  of  Salisbury,  died  during  Advent. 

An.  M.C.  In  this  year  king  William  held  his  court  at  Christ- 
mas in  Gloucester,  and  at  Easter  in  Winchester,  and  at  Pente- 
cost in  Westminster.  And  at  Pentecost,  at  a  town  in  Berkshire, 
blood  was  seen  to  well  from  the  earth,  as  many  said  who  should 
have  seen  it.  And  thereafter,  on  the  morning  after  Lammas 
day  (Aug.  1st),  king  William  was  shot  with  an  arrow  in 
hunting,  by  one  of  his  men,  and  afterwards  brought  to  Win- 
chester, and  buried  in  the  bishopric.  That  was  in  the 
thirteenth  year  after  he  had  succeeded  to  the  realm.  He  was 
very  rigorous  and  stern  over  his  land  and  his  men,  and  towards 
all  his  neighbours,  and  very  formidable  ;  and  through  the 
counsels  of  evil  men,  that  were  always  grateful  to  him,  and 
through  his  own  covetousness,  he  was  ever  tormenting  this 
nation  with  an  army  and  with  unjust  exactions ;  because  in 
his  days  every  right  fell,  and  every  wrong  in  the  sight  of  God 
and  of  the  world  rose  up.  God's  churches  he  depressed,  and 


1  The  viking  (utviking  of  the 
original)  who  shot  him  was  Mag- 
nus Barfod,  king  of  Norway.  See 
Flor.  Wigorn.  n.p.  42,  ed.  E.  H.  S. ; 
also  his  Saga  in  Snorri,  and  Orderic. 


Vitalis,  p.  767. 

2  "  qui  prius  tenuerat  placita  sua 
"  per  totam  Angliam."  Ann.  Wav. 
p.  141.  See  "  England  under  the 
Norman  Kings,"  p.  226. 


204         THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

all  the  bishoprics  and  abbacies,  whose  heads  died  in  his  days, 
he  either  sold  for  money,  or  held  in  his  own  hand,  and  let  for 
rent ;  because  he  would  be  the  heir  of  every  man,  ordained  and 
lay  ;  and  so  that  on  the  day  he  fell,  he  had  in  his  own  hand  the 
archbishopric  of  Canterbury,  and  the  bishopric  of  Winchester, 
and  that  of  Salisbury,  and  eleven  abbacies,  all  let  to  rent. 
And,  though  I  may  longer  delay  it,  all  that  was  hateful  to  God 
and  oppressive  to  men,  all  that  was  customary  in  this  land  in 
his  time  ;  and  therefore  he  was  hateful  to  almost  all  his  people, 
and  odious  to  God,  as  his  end  made  manifest ;  for  he  departed 
in  the  midst  of  his  unrighteousness,  without  repentance  and 
any  atonement.  On  the  Thursday  he  was  slain,  and  on  the 
morning  after  buried  ;  and  after  he  was  buried,  those  of  the 
council  who  were  nigh  at  hand,  chose  his  brother  Henry  for 
king  ;  and  he  straightways  gave  the  bishopric  of  Winchester 
to  William  Giffard,  and  then  went  to  London  ;  and  on  the 
Sunday  after,  before  the  altar  at  Westminster,  promised  to 
God  and  all  the  people  to  put  down  all  the  inj  ustices  that  were 
in  his  brother's  time  ;  and  to  maintain  the  best  laws  that  stood 
in  any  king's  day  before  him.  And  then,  after  that,  the  bishop 
of  London,  Maurice,  hallowed  him  king  ;  and  all  in  this  land 
submitted  to  him,  and  swore  oaths,  and  became  his  men.  And 
the  king  soon  after  this,  by  the  counsel  of  those  who  were 
about  him,  caused  bishop  Ranulf  of  Durham  to  be  taken,  and 
caused  him  to  be  brought  into  the  Tower  of  London,  and  be 
there  held.  Then,  before  St.  Michael's  mass  (Sept.  29th),  the 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Anselm,  came  hither  to  land,  as  king 
Henry,  by  the  advice  of  his  council,  had  sent  after  him,  be- 
cause he  had  gone  out  of  this  land  for  the  great  wrong  that 
king  William  had  done  him.  And  then  soon  hereafter  the  king 
took  to  wife  Matilda,  daughter  of  king  Malcolm  of  Scotland 
and  the  good  queen  Margaret,  king  Edward's  kinswoman, 
of  the  right  royal  race  of  England.  And  on  St.  Martin's 
mass-day  (Nov.  llth),  she  was  given  to  him,  with  great 
worship,  at  Westminster  ;  and  the  archbishop  Anselm  wedded 
her  to  him,  and  afterwards  hallowed  her  queen.  And  the 
archbishop  Thomas  of  York  died  soon  after.  In  this  same 
year  also,  in  autumn,  count  Robert  came  home  to  Normandy, 
and  count  Robert  of  Flanders,  and  Eustace  count  of  Boulogne, 
from  Jerusalem.  And  as  soon  as  count  Robert  came  into 
Normandy,  he  was  joyfully  received  by  all  the  people,  except 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE.  205 

the    castles,    which   were   occupied   by   king    Henry's   men ; 
against  which  he  had  many  onsets  and  contests. 

An.  MC.I.  In  this  year,  at  Christmas,  king  Henry  held  his 
court  in  Westminster,  and  at  Easter  in  Winchester.  And  then, 
soon  after,  the  chief  men  here  in  the  land  became  hostile  against 
the  king,  both  from  their  own  great  faithlessness,  and  also 
through  count  Robert  of  Normandy,  who  was  meditating  a 
hostile  invasion  of  this  land.  And  the  king  then  sent  ships 
out  to  sea,  to  the  detriment  and  hindrance  of  his  brother; 
but  afterwards  some  of  them  failed  at  need,  and  turned  from 
the  king,  and  submitted  to  count  Robert.  Then,  at  Midsum- 
mer, the  king  went  out  to  Pevensey  with  all  his  force  against 
his  brother,  and  there  awaited  him.  But,  in  the  meanwhile, 
count  Robert  landed  at  Portsmouth,  twelve  nights  before 
Lammas  (Aug.  1st),  and  the  king  with  all  his  force  came 
against  him.  But  the  chief  men  went  between  them,  and 
reconciled  the  brothers,  on  the  condition,  that  the  king  should 
relinquish  all  that  he  held  by  force  in  Normandy  against  the 
count  ;  and  that  all  those  in  England  should  have  their  land 
again,  who  had  before  lost  it  through  the  count ;  and  *  count  *  of  Boulogne. 
Eustace  also  all  his  paternal  land  here  in  the  country ;  and  that 
count  Robert  every  year  should  have  three  thousand  marks  of 
silver  from  England  ;  and  that  whichever  of  the  brothers 
survived  the  other,  should  be  heir  of  all  England,  and  also  of 
Normandy,  except  that  the  deceased  had  an  heir  in  lawful 
wedlock.  And  this  then  twelve  of  the  highest  on  each  side  con- 
firmed by  oath  :  and  the  count  afterwards  continued  here  in 
the  land  until  after  St.MichaePs  mass ;  and  his  men  incessantly 
did  much  harm  as  they  went,  the  while  that  the  count  con- 
tinued here  in  the  country.  In  this  year  also  bishop  Ranulf 
at  Candlemas  escaped  by  night  out  of  the  Tower  of  London,  366. 
where  he  had  been  in  durance,  and  went  to  Normandy;  through 
whose  machination  and  instigation  chiefly  count  Robert  had 
this  year  sought  this  land  with  hostility. 

An.  MC.II.  In  this  year,  at  the  Nativity,  king  Henry  was 
in  Westminster;  and  at  Easter  in  Winchester.  And  soon  after 
became  inimical  to  each  other  the  king  and  the  earl  Robert  of 
Belesme,  who  had  the  earldom  of  Shrewsbury  here  in  the  coun- 
try, which  his  father  Roger  had  previously  held,  and  a  great 
territory  thereto,  both  on  this  side  of  the  sea,  and  beyond.  And 
the  king  went  and  besieged  the  castle  at  Arundel;  but  when  he 


206  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

could  not  so  speedily  win  it,  he  caused  castles  to  be  built  be- 
fore it,  and  garrisoned  them  with  his  men  ;  and  then  with  all 
his  force  went  to  Bridgenorth,  and  there  continued  until  he 
had  the  castle  and  deprived  earl  Robert  of  his  land,  and  taken 
away  all  that  he  had  in  England.  And  the  earl  so  retired  over 
sea,  and  the  army  then  returned  home.  Then  after  that,  at 
St.  Michael's  mass,  the  king  was  at  Westminster,  and  all  the 
chief  men  in  this  land,  both  ordained  and  lay  ;  and  the  1  arch- 
bishop Anselm  held  a  synod  of  the  clergy,  and  they  there  set 
forth  many  canons  that  appertain  to  Christianity.  And  many 
there,  both  French  and  English,  lost  their  staves  and  authority 
which  they  had  unjustly  acquired,  or  lived  on  with  iniquity. 
And  in  this  same  year,  in  Pentecost  mass-week,  there  came 
thieves,  some  from  'Auvergne,  some  from  France,  and  some 
from  Flanders,  and  broke  into  the  monastery  of  Peterborough, 
and  therein  took  much  of  value,  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  which 
were  roods,  and  chalices,  and  candlesticks. 

An.  MC.III.  In  this  year,  at  Midwinter,  king  Henry  was  at 
'ofWinton.  Westminster.  And  soon  after  the  *  bishop  William  Giffiird 
went  out  of  this  land,  because,  against  right,  he  would  not 
receive  his  ordination  from  the  archbishop  Gerard  of  York. 
And  then  at  Easter  the  king  held  his  court  in  Winchester  ; 
and  thereafter  the  archbishop  Anselm  of  Canterbury  went  to 
Rome,  as  was  agreed  by  him  and  the  king.  In  this  year  also 
count  Robert  of  Normandy  came  to  the  country  to  speak  with 
the  king  ;  and  before  he  went  hence  he  forgave  the  three 
thousand  marks  that  king  Henry,  according  to  agreement,  was 
to  give  him  every  year.  In  this  year  also,  at  Hampstead  in 
Berkshire,  blood  was  seen  [to  well]  from  the  earth.  This  was 
a  very  calamitous  year  in  the  land,  through  manifold  imposts, 
and  through  murrain  of  cattle,  and  perishing  of  fruits,  both 
in  corn  and  also  in  all  tree-fruits.  Also  in  the  morning,  on 
the  mass-day  of  St.  Laurence  (Aug.  10th),  the  wind  did  so 
great  harm  here  in  the  country  to  all  fruits,  as  no  man  remem- 
bered that  it  ever  did  before.  In  this  same  year  died  Mat- 
thias, abbot  of  Peterborough,  who  lived  not  longer  than  one 


1  For    the    particulars    of    this   I   and   Canons,    edit.    Baron,   u.   p. 
synod,  see  Eadmer,  Hist.  Novorum,   I    22. 
p.  67,  or   Johnson,   Eccles.    Laws  I       2  At  that  time  a  separate  state. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  207 

year  after  he  was  abbot.  After  St.  Michael's  mass,  on  the 
xnth  of  the  Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  21st),  he  was  with  pro- 
cession received  as  abbot,  and  on  the  same  day  of  the  second 
year  he  was  dead  in  Gloucester,  and  there  buried. 

An.  MC.IV.  In  this  year  king  Henry  held  his  court  at  Christ- 
mas in  Westminster,  and  at  Easter  in  Winchester,  and  at 
Pentecost  again  in  Westminster.  In  this  year,  the  first  day 
of  Pentecost  was  on  the  Nones  of  June  (June  5th)  ;  and  on 
the  Tuesday  after  there  appeared  four  circles  at  mid-day  about 
the  sun,  of  a  white  hue,  each  twined  under  the  other  as  if 
they  were  painted.  All  who  saw  it  wondered,  because  they 
never  remembered  such  before.  Hereafter  were  conciliated 
count  Robert  of  Normandy  and  Robert  de  Belesme,  whom 
king  Henry  had  before  deprived  of  his  lands  and  driven  from 
England  ;  and  through  their  conciliation  the  king  of  England 
and  the  count  of  Normandy  became  adversaries.  And  the 
king  sent  his  folk  over  sea  to  Normandy  ;  and  the  chief  men 
there  in  the  land  received  them,  and  with  treason  to  their 
lord  the  count,  admitted  them  into  their  castles,  whence  they 
did  the  count  many  injuries  by  harryings  and  burning.  In 
this  year  also  William  count  of  Mortain  went  from  this  land  to 
Normandy  ;  but  after  he  was  gone  he  wrought  against  the 
king,  for  which  the  king  deprived  him  of  the  land  and  all  he 
had  in  this  country.  It  is  not  easy  to  recount  the  miseries 
of  this  land  which  it  was  at  this  time  suffering,  through  va- 
rious and  manifold  illegalities  and  imposts,  which  never  ceased 
nor  failed.  And  ever  as  the  king  went  there  was  plundering 
by  his  followers  upon  his  wretched  people,  and  at  the  same 
time  very  often  burnings  and  murders.  All  this  was  to  the 
anger  of  God,  and  the  torment  of  the  miserable  people. 

An.  MC.V.  In  this  year  at  the  Nativity,  king  Henry  held 
his  court  at  Windsor  ;  and  thereafter,  in  Lent,  he  went  over  sea 
to  Normandy,  against  his  brother  count  Robert.  And  while 
he  there  abode  he  won  from  his  brother  Caen  and  Bayeux  ; 
and  almost  all  the  castles  and  the  chief  men  there  in  the 
land  became  subjected  to  him  ;  and  he  afterwards,  at  autumn, 
returned  to  this  land  ;  and  what  he  had  won  in  Normandy  con- 
tinued afterwards  in  peace,  and  obedient  to  him,  except  those 
who  dwelt  anywhere  near  to  the  count  William  of  Mortain, 
whom  he  repeatedly  oppressed  to  the  utmost  of  his  power, 
for  the  loss  of  his  land  here  in  this  country.  And  then  before 


208  THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

Christmas  came  Robert  de  Belesme  to  this  land  to  the  king. 
This  was  a  very  calamitous  year  in  the  land,  through  the 
perishing  of  the  fruits,  and  the  manifold  exactions,  which  never 
ceased  before  the  king  passed  over,  and  while  he  was  there, 
and  then  again  after  he  came  back. 

An.  MC.VI.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  the  Nativity 
in  Westminster,  and  there  held  his  court ;  and  at  that  tide 
Robert  de  Belesme  went  from  the  king  unreconciled,  from  this 
land  to  Normandy.  Then  afterwards,  before  Lent,  the  king 
was  at  Northampton,  and  count  Robert  his  brother  came  thi- 
ther to  him  from  Normandy  ;  and  because  the  king  would  not 
give  up  to  him  what  he  had  taken  from  him  in  Normandy, 
they  parted  in  enmity  ;  and  the  count  went  immediately  back 
over  sea.  In  the  first  week  of  Lent,  on  the  Friday,  the  xivth 
of  the  Kal.  of  March  (Feb.  16th),  there  appeared  in  the  even- 
ing an  uncommon  star,  and  for  a  long  time  after  was  seen 
shining  a  while  every  evening.  The  star  appeared  in  the 
south-west ;  it  seemed  little  and  dark,  but  the  ray  that  stood 
from  it  was  very  bright,  and  appeared  '  like  an  immense  beam 
shining  north-east ;  and  one  evening  it  appeared  as  if  the  beam 
were  entering  the  star  from  an  opposite  direction.  Some  said 
that  they  saw  more  unknown  stars  at  this  time,  but  we  do  not 
write  it  more  openly,  because  we  did  not  ourselves  see  them. 
368.  On  the  night,  the  morrow  of  which  was  Crena  Domini,  that  is 
the  2  Thursday  before  Easter,  were  seen  two  moons  in  the 
heaven,  before  day  ;  one  in  the  east  and  the  other  in  the  west, 
both  full ;  and  the  same  day  was  the  xivth  of  the  moon.  At 
Easter  the  king  was  at  Bath,  and  at  Pentecost  at  Salisbury; 
because  he  would  not  hold  a  court  on  his  departure  over  sea. 
Thereafter,  before  August,  the  king  went  over  sea  to  Nor- 
mandy; and  almost  all  who  were  there  in  the  land  submitted 
to  his  will,  except  Robert  de  Belesme  and  the  count  of  Mortain, 
and  a  few  others  of  the  chief  men  who  yet  held  with  the  count 
of  Normandy;  and  therefore  the  king  afterwards  went  with  an 
army  and  besieged  a  castle  of  the  count  of  Mortain,  called 
Tinchebray.  While  the  king  was  besieging  the  castle,  came 
count  Robert  of  Normandy,  on  the  eve  of  St.  Michael's  mass, 


1  "  quasi  ingens  trabes."     Flor.  I       2  Called  also  Maundy  Thursday 
Wigorn.  |  and  Shere  Thursday. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


209 


against  the  king  with  his  force,  and  with  him  Robert  de 
Belesme  and  William  count  of  Mortain,  and  all  who  would  be 
with  them ;  but  the  strength  and  the  victory  were  the  king's. 
There  were  the  count  of  Normandy  taken,  and  the  !  count  of 
Mortain,  and  Robert  de  Stuttevile,  and  afterwards  sent  to 
England,  and  placed  in  durance.  Robert  de  Belesme  was 
there  put  to  flight,  and  William  Crespin  taken,  and  many  with 
him.  Eadgar  astheling,  who  a  little  before  had  gone  from  the 
king  to  the  count,  was  also  there  taken,  whom  the  king  after- 
wards let  go  sackless.  Afterwards  the  king  subdued  all  that 
was  in  Normandy,  and  established  it  all  according  to  his  will 
and  power.  In  this  year  also  were  very  heavy  and  sinful 
contests  between  the  emperor  of  Saxony  and  his  son  ;  and 
during  these  contests  the  father  died,  and  the  son  succeeded  to 
the  empire. 

An.  MC.VII.  In  this  year,  at  Christmas,  king  Henry  was 
in  Normandy,  and  ordered  and  established  that  land  under  his 
power  ;  and  then  afterwards  came  hither  to  this  land  in  Lent, 
and  at  Easter  held  his  court  in  Windsor  ;  and  at  Pentecost,  in 
Westminster.  And  afterwards,  in  the  beginning  of  August, 
he  was  again  in  Westminster,  and  there  gave  and  appointed  to 
the  bishoprics  and  abbacies,  which  in  England  or  Normandy 
were  without  head  and  shepherd.  Of  these  there  were  so 
many  that  there  was  no  man  that  remembered  that  ever  before 
so  many  together  were  given.  And  at  this  same  time,  among 
the  others  who  received  abbacies,  Ernulf,  who  before  was  prior 
in  Canterbury,  succeeded  to  the  abbacy  of  Peterborough. 
This  was  just  about  seven  years  after  king  Henry  succeeded 
to  the  kingdom,  and  that  was  the  one  and  fortieth  year  since 
the  Franks  ruled  this  land.  Many  said  that  they  had  seen 
various  tokens  in  the  moon  this  year,  and  its  light  waxing 
and  waning  contrary  to  nature.  In  this  year  died  Maurice, 


1  "  Le  vainqueur  ne  se  contenta 
"  pas  de  le  depouiller  de  toutes  ses 
"  proprietcs  (et  en  particulier  du 
"  comte  de  Mortain,  qu'il  donna  a 
"  Etienne  de  Blois)  mais  encore  il  le 
"  renferma  dans  une  etroite  capti- 
"  vite,  et  poussa  la  barbaric,  dit  on, 
"  jusqu'a  lui  faire  crever  les  yeux 
VOL.  II. 


"  de  sang-froid  dans  sa  prison. 
"  Cette  circonstance  ne  fut  connue 
"  qu'  apres  la  mort  de  Henri.  Voyez 
•'  fHistoire  de  Geoffroi  Planta  genet, 
"  par  Jean  de  Marmoutier,"  cited 
by  M.  A.Le  Prevost,  Roman  de  Rou, 
n.  p.  360,  note. 


210  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

bishop  of  London,  and  Robert,  abbot  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  and 
Richard,  abbot  of  Ely.  In  this  year  also  died  king  Eadgar  of 
Scotland,  on  the  Ides  of  January  (Jan.  13th),  and  Alexander 
his  brother  succeeded  to  the  kingdom,  as  king  Henry  granted 
him. 

An.  MC.VIII.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  the  Nativity 
in  Westminster,  and  at  Easter  in  Winchester,  and  at  Pentecost 
again  in  Westminster.  And,  thereafter,  before  August  he  went 
to  Normandy.  And  Philip,  king  of  France,  died  on  the  Nones 
*vi.  of  August  (Aug.  5th),  and  his  son  *  Lewis  succeeded  to  the 
kingdom  ;  and  there  were  afterwards  many  strifes  betwixt  the 
king  of  France  and  him  of  England,  while  he  abode  in  Nor- 
mandy. In  this  year  also  died  the  archbishop  Gerard  of  York, 
before  Pentecost  ;  and  Thomas  was  afterwards  thereto'  ap- 
pointed. 

369.  An.  MC.IX.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  Christmas  and 

at  Easter  in  Normandy  ;  and  before  Pentecost  he  came  to  this 
land,  and  held  his  court  in  Westminster.  There  were  the 
contracts  completed  and  the  oaths  sworn  for  the  marriage  of 
Henry  v.  his  daughter  with  the  *emperor.  In  this  year  were  very  many 
thunderstorms,  and  those  very  awful.  And  the  archbishop 
Anselm  of  Canterbury  died  on  the  day  the  xith  of  the  Kal.  of 
April  (March  22nd) ;  and  the  first  day  of  Easter  was  on  Litania 
major  (April  2oth). 

An.  MC.X.  In  this  year  king  Henry  held  his  court  at  Christ- 
mas in  Westminster  ;  and  at  Easter  he  was  at  Marlborough  ; 
and  at  Pentecost,  for  the  first  time,  he  held  his  court  in  the 
New  Windsor.  In  this  year,  before  Lent,  the  king  sent  his 
daughter,  with  manifold  treasures,  over  sea,  and  gave  her  to 
the  emperor.  On  the  fifth  night  of  the  month  of  May,  the 
moon  appeared  in  the  evening  brightly  shining,  and  afterwards, 
by  little  and  little,  its  light  waned,  so  that  as  soon  as  it  was 
night,  it  was  so  completely  quenched  that  neither  light  nor  orb, 
nor  anything  at  all  of  it,  was  seen.  And  so  it  continued  very 
near  until  day,  and  then  appeared  full  and  brightly  shining. 
It  was  on  this  same  day  a  fortnight  old.  All  the  night  the  air 
was  very  clear,  and  the  stars  over  all  the  heaven  were  brightly 
shining.  And  the  tree-fruits  on  that  night  were  sorely  nipt. 
After  that,  in  the  month  of  June,  a  star  appeared  in  the  north- 
east, and  its  beams  stood  before  it  in  the  south-west ;  and  thus 
it  was  seen  for  many  nights  ;  and  further  in  the  night,  when 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE.  21.1 

it  rose  higher,  it  was  seen  going  back  to  the  north-west.  In 
this  year  were  Philip  de  Braiose,  and  William  Malet,  and 
William  Bainard,  deprived  of  their  lands.  In  this  year  also 
died  count  Helie,  who  held  Le  Maine  of  king  Henry  and 
'Anjou;  and  after  his  decease  the  count  of  Anjou  assumed 
and  held  it  against  the  king.  This  was  a  very  calamitous 
year  in  this  land,  through  the  taxes  which  the  king  levied  for 
his  daughter's  marriage,  and  through  tempests,  by  which  the 
earth-fruits  were  greatly  injured,  and  the  tree-fruits  over  all 
this  land  almost  all  perished.  In  this  year  it  was  first  begun 
to  work  on  the  new  monastery  at  Chertsey. 

An.  MC.XI.  In  this  year  king  Henry  did  not  bear  his  crown 
at  Christmas,  nor  at  Easter,  nor  at  Pentecost;  and  in  August 
he  went  over  sea  to  Normandy,  on  account  of  the  hostility 
that  some  had  against  him  on  the  frontiers  of  France,  and, 
above  all,  on  account  of  the  count  of  Anjou,  who  held  Le 
Maine  against  him.  And  after  he  came  over  thither,  many 
hostile  inroads,  and  burnings,  and  harryings  they  did  between 
them.  In  this  year  died  count  Robert  of  Flanders;  and  his  son 
Baldwine  succeeded  thereto.  In  this  year  was  a  very  long,  and 
sad,  and  severe  winter ;  and  thereby  were  the  earth-fruits 
greatly  injured  ;  and  there  was  the  greatest  murrain  of  cattle 
that  any  man  could  remember. 

An.  MC.XII.  All  this  year  king  Henry  abode  in  Normandy, 
in  consequence  of  the  hostilrty  that  he  had  against  France, 
and  against  the  count  of  Anjou,  who  held  Le  Maine  against 
him.  And  while  he  was  there  he  deprived  of  their  lands  the 
count  of  Evreux  and  William  Crespin,  and  drove  them  out  of 
Normandy;  and  to  Philip  de  Braiose,  he  restored  his  land,  who 
had  before  been  deprived  of  it ;  and  Robert  de  Belesme  he 
caused  to  be  taken  and  put  into  prison.  This  was  a  very  good 
year,  and  very  abundant  in  wood  and  in  field  ;  but  it  was  very 
sad  and  sorrowful  one,  through  a  most  destructive  pestilence. 

An.  MC.XIII.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  the  Nativity,          370. 
and  at  Easter,  and  at  Pentecost,  in  Normandy;  and  afterwards, 
in  the  summer,  he  sent  hither  to  this  country  Robert  de  Be- 


1  If  the  reading  of  '  Angeow,'  for 
the  senseless  '  on  cweow'  of  the  text, 
be  well  founded,  it  shows  that  Helie 


held  of  both  princes,  of  Henry,  as 
count  of  Normandy,  and  of  the 
count  of  Anjou. 

o  2 


212  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

lesme  to  the  castle  at  Wareham  ;  and  himself  soon  after  came 
hither  to  this  land. 

An.  MC.XIV.  In  this  year  king  Henry  held  his  court  at  the 
Nativity  in  Windsor;  and  afterwards  this  year  he  held  no  court 
oftener.  And  at  Midsummer  he  went  with  a  force  into  Wales; 
and  the  Welsh  came  and  made  peace  with  the  king  ;  and  he 
caused  castles  to  be  built  therein  ;  and  afterwards,  in  Septem- 
ber, he  went  over  sea  to  Normandy.  In  this  year,  in  the  latter 
end  of  May,  was  seen  an  uncommon  star,  with  a  long  train, 
shining  many  nights.  Also  in  this  same  year  was  so  great 
an  ebb  everywhere  in  one  day  as  no  man  before  remembered, 
and  so  that  men  went  riding  and  walking  over  the  Thames 
to  the  east  of  the  bridge  at  London.  In  this  year  were  very 
great  winds  in  the  month  of  October;  but  it  was  excessively 
great  in  the  night  of  the  octave  of  St.  Martin  (Nov.  18th), 
and  that  was  everywhere  manifest,  in  woods  and  in  towns. 
Also  in  this  year  the  king  gave  the  archbishopric  of  Canter- 
bury to  Ralph,  who  had  previously  been  bishop  of  Rochester. 
And  Thomas,  the  archbishop  of  York,  died  ;  and  Thurstan 
succeeded  him,  who  had  previously  been  the  king's  chap- 
lain. At  this  same  time  the  king  went  towards  the  sea, 
and  would  cross,  but  the  weather  hindered  him.  In  the 
meanwhile  he  sent  his  writ  after  the  abbot  Ernulf  of  Peter- 
borough, and  commanded  him  that  he  should  come  to  him 
with  the  utmost  speed,  because  he  would  speak  with  him  in 
private  speech.  When  he  came  to  him,  he  forced  upon  him  the 
bishopric  of  Rochester  ;  and  the  archbishops,  and  bishops,  and 
the  nobility  that  were  in  England  supported  the  king  :  and 
he  long  withstood,  but  it  availed  naught.  And  the  king  then 
commanded  the  archbishop  that  he  should  lead  him  to  Canter- 
bury, and  bless  him  for  bishop,  whether  he  would  or  would  not. 
This  was  done  in  the  town  which  is  called  Bourne  (East- 
bourne). That  was  on  the  day  the  xvnth  of  the  Kal.  of 
October  (Sept.  15th).  When  the  monks  of  Peterborough 
heard  that  said,  they  were  so  sorry  as  they  never  were  before; 
because  he  was  a  very  good  and  meek  man,  and  did  much  good 
within  and  without,  while  he  there  abode.  May  God  Almighty 
ever  abide  with  him!  Then  soon  after,  the  king  gave  the 
abbacy  to  a  monk  of  Seez,  named  John,  at  the  desire  of  the 
archbishop  of  Canterbury.  And  soon  after,  the  king  and 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  213 

the  archbishop  of  Canterbury  sent  him  to  Rome  after  the 
archbishop's  pall,  and  a  monk  with  him,  who  was  called  War- 
ner, and  the  archdeacon  John,  the  archbishop's  nephew  :  and 
they  well  sped  there.  This  was  done  on  the  day  the  xith  of 
the  Kal.  of  October  (Sept.  21st),  in  the  town  which  is  called 
Rowner.  And  on  the  same  day  the  king  went  on  shipboard 
at  Portsmouth. 

An.  MC.XV.  In  this  year,  at  the  Nativity,  king  Henry  was 
in  Normandy;  and  while  he  was  there,  he  did  so  that  all  the 
chief  men  in  Normandy  did  homage  and  swore  oaths  of  fealty 
to  his  son  William,  whom  he  had  by  his  queen;  and  after  that,  371. 
in  the  month  of  July,  he  came  hither  to  this  land.  In  this 
year  there  was  so  severe  a  winter,  with  snow  and  with  frost, 
that  no  man  that  then  lived  ever  before  remembered  a  severer; 
and  through  that  there  was  an  immense  mortality  of  cattle.  In 
this  year  pope  Paschal  sent  the  pall  hither  to  Ralph,  archbishop 
of  Canterbury  ;  and  he  received  it  with  great  worship  at  his 
archiepiscopal  see  in  Canterbury.  It  was  brought  by  abbot 
Anselm  from  Rome, who  was  the  nephew  of  archbishop  Anselm, 
and  the  abbot  John  of  Peterborough. 

An.  MC.XVI.  In  this  year,  at  the  Nativity,  king  Henry  was 
at  St.  Alban's,  and  there  caused  the  monastery  to  be  hallowed; 
and  at  Easter  at  Odiham.  And  this  year  also  there  was  a  very 
gloomy  winter,  both  severe  and  long,  for  cattle  and  for  all 
things.  And  immediately  after  Easter  the  king  went  over  sea 
to  Normandy  ;  and  there  were  many  hostile  inroads,  and  plun- 
derings,  and  castles  taken,  between  France  and  Normandy. 
This  hostility  was  chiefly  because  king  Henry  supported  his 
nephew,  count  Theobald  of  Blois,  who  then  was  at  war  against 
his  lord,  Lewis  king  of  France.  This  was  a  very  grievous 
year,  and  deficient  in  earth -fruits,  through  the  excessive  rains 
that  came  immediately  before  August,  and  greatly  troubled  and 
afflicted  [people]  until  the  coming  of  Candlemas  (Feb.  2nd). 
This  year  was  also  so  wanting  in  mast,  that  in  all  this  land,  and 
also  in  Wales,  none  was  heard  spoken  of.  This  land  and  this 
people  were  this  year  r.lso  oftentimes  sorely  oppressed  through 
the  imposts  which  the  king  took,  both  within  town  and  with- 
out. In  this  same  year  all  the  monastery  of  Peterborough 
was  burnt,  and  all  the  houses,  except  the  chapter-house  and  the 
dormitory  ;  and  in  addition  thereto,  all  the  greatest  part  of  the 


214  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE. 

town  was  burnt.      All  this  happened  on  a  Friday,  which  was 
the  Jind  of  the  Nones  of  August  (Aug.  4th). 

An.  MC.XVII.  All  this  year  king  Henry  abode  in  Normandy, 
on  account  of  the  hostility  of  the  king  of  France,  and  his  other 
neighbours.  And  then  in  the  summer  came  the  king  of 
France,  and  with  him  the  count  of  Flanders,  with  a  force  into 
Normandy,  and  remained  therein  one  night,  and  in  the  morning 
returned  without  a  battle  :  and  Normandy  was  greatly  op- 
pressed, both  by  the  imposts,  and  by  the  force  which  king 
Henry  gathered  against  them.  This  nation  also,  through  this 
same,  through  manifold  imposts,  was  severely  oppressed.  In 
this  year  also,  on  the  night  of  theKal.  of  December  (Dec.  1st), 
there  were  most  violent  storms,  with  thunder  and  lightning, 
and  rain  and  hail.  And  in  the  night  of  the  nird  of  the  Ides  of 
December  (Dec.  llth),  the  moon  was  far  in  the  night  as  if  it 
were  all  bloody,  and  afterwards  eclipsed.  Also  in  the  night  of 
the  xvnth  of  the  Kal.  of  January  (Dec.  16th),  the  heaven  was 
seen  very  red,  as  if  it  were  a  conflagration.  And  on  the 
octave  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist  (Jan.  3rd),  was  the  great 
earthquake  in  Lombardy,  through  which  many  monasteries, 
and  towers,  and  houses  fell,  and  did  great  harm  among  men. 
This  was  a  very  deficient  year  in  corn,  through  the  rains  that 
ceased  not  almost  all  the  year.  And  the  l  abbot  Gilbert  of 
Westminster  died  on  the  viuth  of  the  Ides  of  December 
*Faricius.  (Dec.  6th);  and  *Faritz,  abbot  of  Abingdon,  died  on  the  vnth 

of  the  Kal.  of  March  (Feb.  23rd)  ;  and  in  this  same  year 


372.  An.  MC.XVIII.  In  all  this  year  king  Henry  abode  in  Nor- 

mandy, on  account  of  the  war  of  the  king  of  France,  and  the 
count  of  Anjou,  and  the  count  of  Flanders.  And  the  count 
of  Flanders  was  wounded  in  Normandy,  and  so  wounded 
went  to  Flanders.  Through  the  hostility  of  these  the  king  was 
sorely  troubled,  and  lost  much  both  in  money  and  also  in  land ; 
but  his  own  men  vexed  him  most,  who  frequently  revolted 
from  and  betrayed  him,  and  turned  to  his  foes;  and,  to  the 
king's  harm  and  betraying,  gave  up  their  castles  to  them.  All 


1  A  gravestone  on  the  south  side  I  is  supposed  to  cover  the  remains  of 
of  the  cloister  of  Westminster  abbey  I  this  abbot. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHRONICLE, 


215 


this  England  dearly  bought  through  the  manifold  imposts, 
which  all  this  year  did  not  cease.  This  year,  in  the  week  of 
the  Epiphany,  there  was  one  evening  very  great  lightning, 
and  a  most  immoderate  thunder-clap  afterwards.  And  queen 
Matilda  died  at  Westminster  on  the  day  of  the  Kal.  of  May 
(May  1st),  and  was  there  buried.  And  in  this  year  also  died 
count  Robert  of  Meulan.  Also  in  this  year,  on  St.  Thomas' 
mass  (Dec;  21st),  there  was  so  very  violent  a  wind  that  no 
man  who  then  lived  remembered  any  greater  ;  and  that  was 
everywhere  seen,  both  in  houses  and  also  in  trees.  In  this 
year  also  died  pope  Paschal,  and  John  of  Gaeta  succeeded  to 
the  popedom,  whose  other  name  was  Gelasius. 

An.  MC.XIX.  'All  this  year  king  Henry  abode  in  Normandy, 
and  by  the  war  with  the  king  of  France,  and  also  with  his  own 
men,  who  with  treachery  revolted  from  him  and  joined  his 
enemy,  was  oftentimes  greatly  embarrassed,'  until  the  two 
kings  with  their  people  came  together  in  Normandy.  There 
was  the  king  of  France  put  to  flight,  and  all  his  best  men 
taken  ;  and  afterwards  many  of  king  Henry's  men  submitted 
to  him  and  accorded  with  him,  who  before  with  their  castles 
were  against  him  ;  and  some  of  the  castles  he  took  by  force. 
Iii  this  year  went  William,  the  son  of  king  Henry  and  queen 
Matilda,  to  Normandy  to  his  father,  and  there  was  given  to 
him  and  wedded  to  wife,  the  daughter  of  the  count  of  Anjou. 
On  St.  Michael's  mass-eve  was  a  great  earthquake  in  some 
places  here  in  the  land,  though  most  in  Gloucestershire  and  in 
Worcestershire.  In  this  same  year  died  pope  Gelasius  on  this 
side  of  the  *  mountain,  and  was  buried  at  Cluny.  And  after  *  the  All)S 
him  the  archbishop  of  Vienne  was  chosen  pope,  whose  name 
was  Calixtus.  He  afterwards,  on  the  mass  of  St.  Luke  the 
Evangelist  (Oct.  18th),  came  to  France  to  Rheims,  and  there 
held  a  council.  And  the  archbishop  Thurstan  of  York  went 
thither  ;  and  because  that  he,  against  right,  and  against  the 
arch-see  of  Canterbury,  and  against  the  king's  will,  had 


v  The  integrity  of  the  text  seems 
here  more  than  doubtful ;  the  sense, 
however  is,  I  believe,  faithfully  ren- 
dered, and  in  accordance  with  the 
words  of  the  continuator  of  Florence 
of  Worcester  ;  "  Plures  Norman- 


"  norum  quam  regi  Henrico  jura- 
"  verant  fidelitatem  postposuerunt, 
"  et  ad  regem  Francice  Ludovicum 
"  principesque  ejus,  adversaries  sci- 

<'  licet, se  transtule- 

"  runt." 


216  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

received  his  ordination  from  the  pope,  the  king  prohibited 
q.  jimi  from  till  return  to  England.  And  thus  he  *  forfeited  his 
archbishopric,  and  went  with  the  pope  towards  Rome.  Also 
in  this  year  died  count  Baldwine  of  Flanders  of  the  wounds 
which  he  received  in  Normandy  ;  and  after  him  Charles,  the 
son  of  his  paternal  aunt,  succeeded  to  the  government ;  he  was 
the  sou  of  Cnut  the  saint,  king  of  Denmark. 

An.  MC.XX.  In  this  year  the  kings  of  England  and  France 
were  reconciled,  and  after  their  reconciliation,  all  king  Henry's 
own  men  in  Normandy  accorded  with  him,  and  the  counts  of 
Flanders  and  of  Ponthieu.  Then,  after  this,  king  Henry  set- 
tled his  castle;'  and  his  land  in  Normandy  after  his  will  ;  and 
373.  so  before  Advent  came  hither  to  this  land.  And  on  the  passage 
were  drowned  the  king's  two  sons,  William  and  Richard,  and 
Richard  carl  of  Chester,  and  Ottuel  his  brother,  and  very 
many  of  the  king's  court,  stewards,  and  chamberlains,  and  cup- 
bearers, and  from  divers  habitations,  and  a  countless  number 
of  very  excellent  folk  along  with  them.  This  death  was  a  two- 
fold pain  to  their  friends  :  one,  that  they  were  deprived  of  this 
life  so  suddendly  ;  the  other,  that  few  of  their  bodies  were 
found  anywhere  afterwards.  In  this  year  came  that  light  to 
the  sepulchre  of  the  Lord  in  Jerusalem  twice  ;  once  at  Easter, 
and  a  second  time  on  the  Assumption  of  St.  Mary  (Aug.  loth), 
as  credible  persons  said  who  came  thence.  And  the  arch- 
bishop Thurstan  of  York  was,  through  the  pope,  reconciled 
with  (lie  king,  and  came  hither  to  this  land,  and  received  his 
bishopric,  though  it  was  very  displeasing  to  the  archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 

An.  MC.XXI.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  Christmas  at 
Brampton  ;  and  afterwards  at  Windsor,  before  Candlemas,  was 
given  him  to  wife  Adela,  and  she  was  afterwards  hallowed 
queen;  she  was  the  daughter  of  the  'duke  of  Lou  vain.  And 
the  moon  was  eclipsed  on  the  night  of  the  Nones  of  April 
(April  5th),  and  was  fourteen  days  old.  And  the  king  was  at 
Kaster  in  Berkeley;  and  afterwards,  at  Pentecost,  he  held  a 
great  court  in  Westminster  ;  and  afterwards  in  the  summer 
went  with  a  force  into  Wales  ;  and  the  Welsh  came  to  meet 
him,  and  after  the  king's  will  they  accorded  with  him.  In  this 

1  Godfrey  VII  mmit  ut'  Limviiiu.  I  quis  of  Antwerp  ;  afterwards  duke 
duke  of  Lower  Lorraine,  and  mar-  I  of  Brabant. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  217 

year  came  the  count  of  Anjou  from  Jerusalem  to  his  land,  and 
afterwards  sent  to  this  land,  and  caused  his  daughter  to  be 
fetched,  who  had  previously  been  given  to  wife  to  the  king's 
son,  William.  And  in  the  night  of  the  vigil  Natalis  Domini 
was  a  very  violent  wind  over  all  this  land  ;  and  that  was  in 
many  things  manifestly  seen. 

An.  MC.XXII.  In  this  year  king  Henry  was  at  Christmas  in 
Norwich,  and  at  Easter  in  Northampton.  And  in  the  Lent-tide 
before  that,  the  town  of  Gloucester  was  burnt  while  the  monks 
were  singing  their  mass,  and  the  deacon  had  begun  the  gospel 
'  Praeterieus  Jesus.'  Then  came  the  lire  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  steeple,  and  burned  all  the  monastery  and  all  the  treasures 
that  were  there  within,  except  a  few  books  and  three  mass- 
robes.  That  was  on  the  day  the  vmtli  of  the  Ides  of  March 
(March  8th).  And  afterwards,  on  the  Tuesday  after  Palm 
Sunday,  was  a  very  violent  wind  on  the  day  the  xith  of  the 
Kal.  of  April  (March  22nd);  after  which  came  many  tokens 
all  over  England,  and  many  spectres  were  seen  and  heard. 
And  on  the  night  of  the  vmth  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July 
25th)  there  was  a  very  great  earthquake  over  all  Somerset- 
shire and  in  Gloucestershire.  Afterwards,  on  the  day  the  vith 
of  the  Ides  of  September,  that  was  on  St.  Mary's  mass-day 
(Sept.  8th),  there  was  a  very  great  wind  from  the  *  third  hour  of  *  9  A.M. 
the  day  to  the  swart  night.  In  this  same  year  died  Ralph,  the 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  that  was  on  the  day  the  xuith  of  the 
Kal.  of  November  (Oct.  20th).  Afterwards  there  were  many 
shipmen  on  the  sea  and  on  (fresh)  water,  who  said  that  they 
saw  in  the  north-east  a  great  and  broad  fire  near  the  earth, 
which  at  once  waxed  in  length  up  to  the  sky;  and  the  sky 
separated  into  four  parts,  and  fought  against  it  as  if  it  would 
quench  it ;  but  the  fire,  nevertheless,  waxed  up  to  the  heavens. 
The  fire  they  saw  in  the  dawn,  and  it  lasted  so  long  till  it 
was  light  over  all.  That  was  on  the  day  the  viith  of  the 
Ides  of  December  (Dec.  7th). 

An.  MC.XXIII.  In  this  year  at  Christmas-tide  king  Henry  374 
was  at  Dunstable  ;  and  there  came  envoys  from  the  count  of 
Anjou  to  him  ;  and  thence  he  went  to  Woodstock,  and  his 
bishops  and  all  his  court  with  him.  Then  it  befel  on  a 
Wednesday,  which  was  on  the  ivth  of  the  Ides  of  January 
(  Ian.  l(Mh),  thai  the  king  was  riding  in  his  deer-fold,  and  the 
Roger  of  Salisbury  on  one  side  of  him,  and  the  bishop 


218 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


*  abp.  Ralph. 


of  Anjou. 


Robert  Bloet  of  Lincoln  on  the  other  side  of  him  ;  and  they 
were  there  riding  and  talking.  Then  the  bishop  of  Lincoln 
sank  down,  and  said  to  the  king,  "  Lord  king,  I  am  dying."  And 
the  king  alighted  down  from  his  horse,  and  lifted  him  betwixt 
his  arms,  and  caused  him  to  be  borne  to  his  inn ;  and  he  was 
then  forthwith  dead  ;  and  he  was  conveyed  to  Lincoln  with 
great  worship,  and  buried  before  St.  Mary's  altar.  And  the 
bishop  of  Chester,  named  Robert  Pecceth,  buried  him.  Then 
immediately  after  this  the  king  sent  his  writ  over  all  England, 
and  bade  his  bishops,  and  his  abbots,  and  all  his  thanes,  that 
they  should  come  to  his  council  on  Candlemas  day  (Feb.  2nd), 
at  Gloucester,  to  meet  him;  and  they  did  so.  When  they  were 
there  gathered,  the  king  bade  them  that  they  should  choose 
them  an  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  whomsoever  they  would; 
and  he  would  consent  to  it.  Then  spake  the  bishops  among 
themselves  and  said,  that  they  never  more  would  have  a  man 
of  monkish  order  for  archbishop  over  them.  And  they  all 
went  together  to  the  king,  and  desired  that  they  might 
choose  a  man  of  the  clerical  order,  whomsoever  they  would,  for 
archbishop.  And  the  king  conceded  it  to  them.  All  this  was 
done  previously  through  the  bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  through 
the  bishop  of  Lincoln,  before  *he  was  dead;  because  they  never 
loved  the  rule  of  monks,  but  were  ever  against  monks  and 
their  rule.  And  the  prior  and  the  monks  of  Canterbury,  and 
all  the  other  men  of  monkish  order  who  were  there,  withstood 
it  full  two  days  ;  but  it  availed  naught  ;  for  the  bishop  of 
Salisbury  was  strong  and  ruled  all  England,  and  was  against 
it  all  that  he  might  and  could.  Then  they  chose  a  clerk,  who 
was  named  William  of  Corbeil,  he  was  canon  of  a  monastery 
called  Chiche  (St.  Osyth).  And  they  brought  him  before  the 
king,  and  the  king  gave  him  the  archbishopric,  and  all  the 
bishops  received  him  ;  almost  all  the  monks,  and  earls,  and 
thanes  who  were  there  opposing  him.  At  the  same  time 
the  envoys  of  the  *count  went  in  enmity  from  the  king, 
nor  recked  they  aught  of  his  favour.  At  the  same  time  came 
a  legate  from  Rome,  named  Henry  ;  he  was  abbot  of  the 
monastery  of  St.  Jean  d'Angely;  and  he  came  after  the  Rome- 
scot.  And  he  said  to  the  king  that  it  was  against  right  that  a 
clerk  should  be  set  over  monks  ;  and  therefore  they  had  earlier 
chosen  an  archbishop  in  their  chapter  according  to  right. 
But  the  king  would  not  undo  it,  for  love  of  the  bishop  of 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON  CHKONICLE.  219 

Salisbury.  Then  went  the  archbishop  soon  after  to  Canter- 
bury, and  was  there  received,  though  it  was  against  their  will, 
and  was  there  immediately  blessed  as  bishop  by  the  bishop  of 
London,  and  the  bishop  Ernulf  of  Rochester,  and  the  bishop 
William  Giffard  of  Winchester,  and  the  bishop  Bernard  of 
*Wales,  and  the  bishop  Roger  of  Salisbury.  Then  soon  in  Lent  *  St.  David's, 
the  archbishop  went  to  Rome  after  his  pall,  and  with  him  went 
the  bishop  Bernard  of  Wales,  and  Sigfrid  abbot  of  Glaston- 
bury,  and  Anselm  abbot  of  St.  Edmund's,  and  John  archdea- 
con of  Canterbury,  and  Giffard,  who  was  the  king's  domestic 
chaplain.  At  the  same  time  went  the  archbishop  Thurstan  3'5- 
of  York  to  Rome  by  the  pope's  command  ;  and  came  thither 
three  days  before  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury  came,  and  was 
there  received  with  great  worship.  Then  came  the  archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  and  was  there  full  seven  nights  ere  he  could 
come  to  speech  of  the  pope.  That  was  because  the  pope  had 
been  made  to  understand  that  he  had  received  the  archbishop- 
ric in  opposition  to  the  monks  of  the  monastery,  and  against 
right.  But  that  overcame  Rome  which  overcomes  all  the 
world,  that  is  gold  and  silver.  And  the  pope  was  pacified, 
and  gave  him  his  pall ;  and  the  archbishop  swore  subjection  to 
him  in  all  the  things  which  the  pope  enjoined  him,  on  the  altar 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  and  sent  him  home  with  his  blessing. 
While  the  archbishop  was  out  of  the  land,  the  king  gave  the 
bishopric  of  Bath  to  the  queen's  chancellor  named  Godfrey  : 
he  was  born  in  Louvain.  That  was  on  the  day  of  the  Annun- 
ciation of  St.  Mary  (March  25t  h)  at  Woodstock,  Soon  after- 
wards the  king  went  to  Winchester,  and  was  there  all  Easter- 
tide; and  while  he  was  there  he  gave  the  bishopric  of  Lincoln 
to  a  clerk  called  Alexander  :  he  was  the  nephew  of  the  bishop 
of  Salisbury.  This  he  did  all  for  love  of  the  bishop.  Then  the 
king  went  thence  to  Portsmouth,  and  lay  there  all  through 
Pentecost  week.  Then  as  soon  as  he  had  a  wind,  he  went 
over  to  Normandy,  and  committed  all  England  to  the  care  and 
rule  of  bishop  Roger  of  Salisbury.  Then  was  the  king  all  this 
year  in  Normandy  ;  and  there  grew  great  hostility  betwixt 
him  and  his  thanes,  so  that  the  count  Waleram  of  Meulan,  and 
Amauri,  and  Hugh  of  Montfort,  and  William  of  Roumare,  and 
many  others,  turned  from  him,  and  held  their  castles  against 
him.  And  the  king  held  strongly  against  them.  And  in  this 
same  year  he  won  of  Waleram  his  castle  of  Pont-Audeiner, 


220  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

and  of  Hugh,  Montfort  ;  and  after  that  he  sped  ever  the 
longer  the  better.  In  this  same  year,  before  the  bishop  of 
Lincoln  came  to  his  bishopric,  almost  all  the  town  of  Lincoln 
was  consumed,  and  a  countless  number  of  people,  males  and 
females,  were  burnt  ;  and  so  great  harm  was  there  done,  that 
no  man  could  say  it  to  another.  That  was  on  the  day  the 
xivth  of  the  Kal.  of  June  (May  19th). 

An.  MC.XXIV.  All  this  year  king  Henry  was  in  Normandy  ; 
that  was  on  account  of  the  great  hostility  that  he  had  with  the 
king  Lewis  of  France,  and  with  the  count  of  Anjon,  and  with 
his  own  men  most  of  all.  It  then  happened  on  the  day  of  the 
Annunciation  of  St.  Mary  (March  2oth),  that  the  count  Wale- 
ram  of  Meulan  went  from  one  of  his  castles,  called  Belmont,  to 
another  castle  of  his  called  Wattevile.  With  him  went  Amauri, 
the  king  of  France's  steward,  and  Hugh  Fitz  Gervase,  and 
Hugh  of  Montfort,  and  many  other  good  knights.  Then  came 
against  them  the  king's  knights  from  all  the  castles  that  were 
there  about,  and  fought  against  them,  and  put  them  to  flight, 
and  took  count  Waleram,  and  Hugh  Fitz  Gervase,  and  Hugh 
of  Montfort,  and  five  and  twenty  other  knights,  and  brought 
them  to  the  king.  And  the  king  caused  count  Waleram  and 
Hugh  Fitz  Gervase  to  be  imprisoned  in  the  castle  of  Rouen  ; 
and  Hugh  of  Montfort  he  sent  to  England,  and  caused  him  to 
be  put  in  miserable  bonds  in  the  castle  of  Gloucester.  And  of 
the  others,  as  many  as  to  him  seemed  good,  he  sent  north  and 
south  to  his  castles,  in  durance.  Then  afterwards  the  king 
went  and  won  all  the  castles  of  count  Waleram  that  were  in 
Normandy,  and  all  the  others  which  his  adversaries  held 
against  him.  All  this  hostility  was  on  account  of  the  son  of 
count  Robert  of  Normandy,  named  William.  The  same  Wil- 
liam had  taken  to  wife  the  younger  daughter  of  Fulk,  count  of 
376.  Anjou;  and  therefore  the  king  of  France,  and  all  these  counts, 
and  all  the  powerful  men,  held  with  him,  and  said,  that  the  king 
with  wrong  held  his  brother  Robert  in  durance,  and  unjustly 
drove  his  son  William  out  of  Normandy.  In  this  same  .year 
were  many  failures  in  England,  in  corn  and  all  fruits,  so  that 
between  Christmas  and  Candlemas  (Feb.  2nd)  the  acre -seed  of 
wheat,  that  is,  two  seedlips,  were  sold  for  six  shillings;  and 
that  of  barley,  that  is,  three  seedlips,  for  six  shillings;  and  the 
acre-seed  of  oats,  that  is,  four  seedlips,  for  four  shillings.  That 
because  there  wf^  little  corn,  and  the  penny  wa*  so  had, 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  221 

that  the  man  who  had  at  a  market  a  pound  could  by  no  means 
buy  therewith  twelve  pennyworths.  In  this  same  year  died 
the  blessed  bishop  Ernulf  of  Rochester,  who  was  before  abbot 
of  Peterborough;  that  was  on  the  Ides  of  March  (March  15th). 
And  thereafter  died  king  Alexander  of  Scotland,  on  the  day  the 
ixth  of  the  Kal.  of  May  (April  23rd)  ;  and  David  his  brother, 
who  was  earl  of  Northamptonshire,  succeeded  to  the  kingdom, 
and  had  them  both  together,  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  and  the 
earldom  in  England.  And  on  the  day  the  xixth  of  the  Kal.  of 
January  (Dec.  14th),  died  the  pope  in  Rome,  who  was  named 
Calixtus,  and  Honorius  succeeded  to  the  popedom.  In  the 
same  year,  after  St.  Andrew's  mass  (Nov.  30th),  before  Christ- 
mas, Ralph  Basset  and  the  king's  thanes  held  a  court  at  Huncot 
in  Leicestershire,  and  there  hanged  so  many  thieves  as  never 
were  before,  that  was,  in  that  little  while,  altogether  four  and 
forty  men  ;  and  six  men  were  deprived  of  their  eyes  and 
emasculated.  Many  righteous  men  said,  that  there  were  many 
unjustly  deprived  ;  but  our  Lord  God  Almighty,  who  sees  and 
knows  every  secret,  sees  that  the  miserable  folk  are  treated 
with  all  injustice  ;  first  they  are  bereft  of  their  property,  and 
then  they  are  slain.  A  full  heavy  year  it  was  :  the  man  who 
had  any  goods  was  bereft  of  them  by  violent  exactions  and 
violent  courts  ;  those  who  had  none  died  of  hunger. 

An.  MC.XXV.  In  this  year,  before  Christmas,  king  Henry 
sent  from  Normandy  to  England,  and  commanded  that  all  the 
moneyers  that  were  in  England  should  be  deprived  of  their 
members  ;  that  was  the  right  hand  of  each,  and  their  testicles 
beneath.  That  was  because  the  man  that  had  a  pound  could 
not  buy  for  a  penny  at  a  market.  And  the  bishop  Roger  of 
Salisbury  sent  over  all  England,  and  commanded  them  all  that 
they  should  come  to  Winchester  at  Christmas.  When  they 
came  thither  they  were  taken  one  by  one,  and  each  de- 
prived of  the  right  hand  and  the  testicles  beneath.  All  this 
was  done  within  the  twelve  nights  ;  and  that  was  all  with 
great  justice,  because  they  had  fordone  all  the  land  with 
their  great  quantity  of  false  money  which  they  all  bought. 
In  this  same  year  the  pope  sent  from  Rome  to  this  land  a 
cardinal  named  John  of  Crema.  He  first  came  to  the  king 
in  Normandy,  and  the  king  received  him  with  great  wor- 
ship ;  commended  him  afterwards  to  the  archbishop  Wil- 
liam of  Canterbury,  and  he  conducted  him  to  Canterbury, 


222 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


and  he  was  there  received  with  great  worship,  and  with 
a  great  procession;  and  he  sang  the  high  mass  on  Easter 
day  at  Christ's  altar.  And  afterwards  he  went  over  all  Eng- 
land to  all  the  bishoprics  and  abbacies  that  were  in  this  land, 
and  everywhere  he  was  received  with  worship,  and  all  gave 
him  great  and  noble  gifts.  And  afterwards  he  held  his  council 
in  London  for  full  three  days,  on  the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary,  in 
September  (8th),  with  archbishops  and  with  suffragan  bishops, 
and  abbots,  and  clergy,  and  laity  ;  and  commanded  there  the 
1  same  laws  that  archbishop  Anselm  had  before  commanded, 
and  many  more,  though  it  availed  little.  And  thence  he  went 
377.  over  sea  soon  after  St.  Michael's  mass,  and  so  to  Home  ;  and 
archbishop  William  of  Canterbury,  and  archbishop  Thurstan 
of  York,  and  bishop  Alexander  of  Lincoln,  and  bishop  J.  of 
*  Lothian,  and  the  abbot  G.  of  St.  Alban's  ;  and  they  were 
there  received  by-pope  Honorius  with  great  worship,  and  were 
there  all  the  winter.  In  this  same  year  was  so  great  a  flood 
on  St.  Lawrence's  mass-day  (Aug.  10th)  that  many  towns  and 
men  were  drowned,  and  bridges  shattered,  and  corn  and  mea- 
dows totally  destroyed,  and  famine  and  disease  among  men 
and  cattle  ;  and  for  all  fruits  there  was  so  bad  a  season  as 
there  had  not  been  for  many  years  before.  And  in  this  year 
died  the  abbot  John  of  Peterborough,  on  the  und  of  the  Ides 
of  October  (Oct.  14th). 

An.  MC.XXVI.  All  this  year  king  Henry  was  in  Normandy 
until  quite  after  autumn  ;  then  he  came  to  this  land  betwixt 
the  Nativity  of  St.  Mary  (Sept.  8th)  and  Michaelmas  (Sept. 
29th).  With  him  came  the  queen,  and  his  daughter,  whom 
Henry  v.  he  had  formerly  given  to  wife  to  the  emperor  *  Henry  of 
Lorraine.  And  he  brought  with  him  count  Waleram  and 
Hugh  Fitz  Gervase  ;  and  the  count  he  sent  to  Bridgenorth  in 
durance,  and  thence  afterwards  to  Wallingford,  and  Hugh  to 
Windsor,  and  caused  him  to  be  put  in  hard  bonds.  And  then 
after  Michaelmas  came  David  the  Scots'  king  from  Scotland 
to  this  land;  and  king  Henry  received  him  with  great  worship; 
and  he  then  abode  all  that  year  in  this  land.  In  this  same 


1  See  them  in  Flor.  Wigorn,  edit. 
E.  H.  S.,  p.  81,  and  a  curious  anec- 
dote of  this  legate  John,  in  Hoveden. 
See  also  Wilkins,  Cone.  i.  p.  408  ; 


Johnson,  Eccles.  Laws  and  Canons, 
ii.  p.  34;  and  Spelman,  Cone.  n. 
p.  33. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


223 


year  the  king  caused  his  brother  Robert  to  be  taken  from  the 
bishop  Roger  of  Salisbury,  and  committed  him  to  his  son 
Robert  earl  of  Gloucester,  and  had  him  conducted  to  Bristol, 
and  there  put  into  the  castle.  That  was  all  done  through  his 
daughter's  counsel,  and  through  the  Soots'  king  David,  her 
uncle. 

An.  MC.XXVII.  This  year  king  Henry  held  his  court  at 
Christmas  in  Windsor,  where  were  the  Scots'  king  David,  and 
all  the  chief  clergy  and  laity  that  were  in  England.  And 
there  he  caused  the  archbishops,  and  bishops,  and  abbots,  and 
earls,  and  all  the  thanes  that  were  there,  to  swear  to  his 
daughter  1^Ethelic,  who  was  before  the  wife  of  the  emperor  of 
Saxland,  possession  of  England  and  Normandy,  after  his  day; 
and  afterwards  sent  her  to  Normandy,  and  with  her  went 
her  brother,  Robert  earl  of  Gloucester,  and  Brian,  son  of 
*count  Alain  Fergant  ;  and  caused  her  to  wed  the  son  of  the  *  of  Brittany. 
count  of  Anjou,  Geoffrey,  sur named  Martel.  •  Nevertheless, 
all  the  French  and  English  thought  ill  of  it ;  but  the  king  did 
it  to  have  peace  from  the  count  of  Anjou,  and  to  have  help 
against  his  nephew  William.  In  this  same  year,  in  Lent-tide, 
the  count  Charles  of  Flanders  was  slain  by  his  own  men  in  a 
church,  where  he  lay  and  prayed  to  God  before  the  altar, 
during  the  mass.  And  the  king  of  France  brought  William, 
the  son  of  the  count  of  Normandy,  and  gave  him  the  *county,  *  of  Flanders. 
and  the  land-folk  accepted  him.  This  same  William  had  before 
taken  the  count  of  Anjou's  daughter  to  wife,  but  they  were 
afterwards  divorced  on  account  of  consanguinity.  That  was 
all  through  king  Henry  of  England.  After  that  he  took  the 
king  of  France's  wife's  sister  to  wife,  and  on  that  account  the 
king  gave  him  the  county  of  Flanders.  In  this  same  year  he 
gave  the  abbacy  of  Peterborough  to  an  abbot  named  Henry  of 
Poitou,  who  had  in  his  hand  his  abbacy  of  St.  Jean  d'Angely  : 
and  all  the  archbishops  and  bishops  said  that  it  was  against 
right,  and  that  he  might  not  have  two  abbacies  in  hand.  But  378. 
the  same  Henry  gave  the  king  to  understand  that  he  had  left 
his  abbacy,  on  account  of  the  dissension  that  was  in  the  land, 
and  that  he  acted  by  the  counsel  and  leave  of  the  pope  of 


1  This  seems  to  have  been  the  English  name   of  Henry's  daughter 
Matilda. 


224 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


Rome,  and  by  the  abbot  of  Cluny's,  and  because  he  was  legate 
for  the  Rome-scot.  But  it  nevertherless  was  not  so  ;  but  he 
would  have  both  in  hand,  and  had  so,  as  long  as  it  was  God's 
will.  He  had  in  his  clerkhood  been  bishop  of  Soissons,  after- 
wards he  became  a  monk  of  Cluny,  and  then  prior  of  the  same 
monastery  ;  and  then  he  became  prior  of  Savenni  (Savenay  ?); 
afterwards,  because  he  was  a  relation  of  the  king  of  England, 
and  of  the  count  of  Poitou,  the  count  gave  him  the  abbacy  of 
the  monastery  of  St.  Jean  d'Angely  ;  afterwards,  through  his 
great  intrigues  he  got  the  archbishopric  of  Besangon,  and  had 
it  in  hand  three  days  ;  he  then  lost  it  with  right,  because  he 
had  before  obtained  it  with  wrong.  Then  he  got  the  bishopric 
of  Saintes,  which  was  five  miles  from  his  abbacy  :  that  he  had 
almost  a  week  in  hand.  Then  the  abbot  of  Cluny  brought 
him  thence,  as  he  had  before  done  from  Besangon.  Then  he 
bethought  him,  that  if  he  could  be  firmly  settled  in  England, 
he  might  have  all  his  will.  He  then  sought  the  king,  and  said 
to  him,  that  he  was  an  old  and  broken-down  man,  and  that  he 
could  not  endure  the  great  injustice  and  the  great  dissen- 
sions that  were  in  their  land,  and  craved  in  his  own  name, 
and  through  all  his  friends  by  name,  the  .abbacy  of  Peter- 
borough ;  and  the  king  granted  it  to  him,  because  he  was  his 
relation,  and  because  he  was  retained  to  swear  on  oath  and 
bear  witness,  when  the  son  of  the  count  of  Normandy  and  the 
daughter  of  the  count  of  Anjou  were  parted,  on  account  of 
consanguinity.  Thus  miserably  was  the  abbacy  given  at 
London  between  Christmas  and  Candlemas.  And  so  he  went 
with  the  king  to  Winchester,  and  thence  he  came  to  Peter- 
borough, and  there  he  abode  just  as  drones  do  in  a  hive  ;  all 
that  the  bees  draw  towards  them,  the  drones  devour  and  draw 
from  them;  so  did  he  :  all  that  he  could  take,  within  and  with- 
out, from  clerical  and  from  lay,  he  sent  over  sea,  and  did  no 
good  there,  nor  any  good  left  there.  l  Let  it  not  to  any  one 
seem  incredible,  [and]  that  we  say  not  sooth  ;  for  it  was  fully 
known  over  all  the  land,  that  as  soon  as  he  came  thither,  which 
was  on  the  Sunday  when  they  sing  *  Exurge  quare,  o  Domine.' 
then  immediately  afterwards  many  men  saw  and  heard  many 


1  My  version  of  this  passage, 
though  not  satisfactory,  is  the  best  I 
can  offer.  Without  the  insertion  of 


the  negative  <ne'  in  the  text,  it 
seems  void  of  sense. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  225 

hunters  hunting.  The  hunters  were  black,  and  large,  and 
ugly,  and  all  their  hounds  black,  and  broad-eyed,  and  ugly  ; 
and  they  rode  on  black  horses  and  on  black  bucks.  This  was 
seen  in  the  very  deer-fold  in  the  town  of  Peterborough,  and  in 
all  the  woods  that  lead  from  the  same  town  to  Stamford  ;  and 
the  monks  heard  the  horns  blow  that  they  blew  in  the  night. 
Truthful  men,  who  observed  them  in  the  night,  said  from  what 
it  seemed  to  them,  that  there  might  well  be  about  twenty  or 
thirty  horn-blowers.  This  was  seen  and  heard  from  the  time 
that  he  came  thither,  all  the  Lenten-tide  on  to  Easter.  This 
was  his  entrance  ;  of  his  exit  we  cannot  yet  say  aught,  God 
provide. 

An.  MC.XXVIII.  All  this  year  king  Henry  was  in  Normandy, 
on  account  of  the  hostility  that  was  between  him  and  his 
nephew  the  count  of  Flanders.  But  the  count  was  wounded  in 
a  battle  by  a  peasant,  and  so  wounded  he  went  to  the  *monas-  *  St.  Omer's. 
tery  of  St.  Bertin,  and  there  immediately  became  a  monk,  and 
lived  five  days  after,  and  he  was  then  dead  and  there  buried. 
May  God  have  mercy  on  his  soul.  That  was  on  the  day  the 
vith  of  the  Kal.  of  August  (July  27th).  In  this  same  year 
died  bishop  Ranulf  Passeflambard  of  Durham,  and  was  there 
buried  on  the  Nones  of  September  (Sept,  5th).  And  in  this  same  379. 
year  the  aforesaid  abbot  Henry  went  home  to  his  own  monas- 
tery at  Poitou,  by  the  king's  leave.  He  had  given  the  king  to 
understand  that  he  would  entirely  leave  that  monastery  and 
that  land,  and  abide  with  him  'there  in  England,  and  in  the 
monastery  of  Peterborough.  But  nevertheless  it  was  not  so  : 
he  did  it  because  he  would,  through  his  great  wiles,  be  'there, 
were  it  a  twelvemonth  or  more,  and  then  come  again.  May 
God  Almighty  have  his  mercy  over  that  wretched  place.  In 
this  same  year  came  from  Jerusalem  Hugo  of  the  Temple  to 
the  king  in  Normandy,  and  the  king  received  him  with  great 
worship,  and  gave  him  great  treasures  in  gold  and  in  silver. 
And  afterwards  he  sent  him  to  England,  and  there  he  was 
received  by  all  good  men,  and  all  gave  him  treasure  ;  and 
in  Scotland  also;  and  by  him  sent  to  Jerusalem  great  property, 
altogether  in  gold  and  in  silver.  And  he  summoned  folk  out  to 
Jerusalem  ;  and  there  went  with  him  and  after  him  so  many 

1  From  the  use  of  the   word    '  }>ocr '  (there),   it  would    seem  that  the 
chronicler  wrote  from  abroad. 

VOL.  II.  P 


22G 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 


people  as  never  did  before,  since  the  first  expedition  was  in 
the  day  of  pope  Urban  ;  though  it  availed  little.  He  said  that 
a  great  conflict  was  resolved  on  between  the  Christians  and 
the  heathens  :  when  they  came  thither,  it  was  naught  but 
leasing.  Thus  miserably  was  all  the  folk  harassed. 

An.  MC.XXIX.  In  this  year  the  king  sent  to  England  after 
count  Waleram,  and  after  Hugh  Fitz  Gervase ;  and  they  there 
gave  hostages  for  them;  and  Hugh  went  home  to  his  own  land 
in  France  ;  and  Waleram  remained  with  the  king,  and  the 
king  gave  him  all  his  land,  save  only  his  castle.  Afterwards 
the  king  came  to  England  in  the  autumn,  and  the  count  came 
with  him,  and  they  became  then  as  good  friends  as  they  had 
before  been  foes.  Then  soon,  by  the  king's  counsel,  and  by 
his  leave,1  the  archbishop  William  of  Canterbury  sent  over  all 
England,  and  bade  the  bishops,  and  abbots,  and  archdeacons, 
and  all  the  priors,  monks,  and  canons,  that  were  in  all  the 
cells  in  England,  and  after  all  who  had  to  preserve  and  watch 
over  Christianity,  that  they  should  all  come  to  London  at 
Michaelmas,  and  should  there  speak  of  all  God's  rights.  When 
they  came  thither,  the  meeting  began  on  Monday,  and  held  on 
to  the  Friday.  When  it  all  came  forth,  it  was  all  about  arch- 
deacons' wives,  and  about  priests'  wives  ;  that  they  should 
leave  them  by  St.  Andrew's  mass  (Nov.  30th) ;  and  he  who 
would  not  do  that,  should  forgo  his  church,  and  his  house, 
and  his  home,  and  never  more  have  any  calling  thereto.  This 
ordained  the  archbishop  William  of  Canterbury,  and  all  the 
suffragan  bishops  who  were  then  in  England  ;  and  the  king 
gave  them  all  leave  to  go  home;  and  so  they  went  home,  and  all 
the  decrees  stood  for  naught :  all  held  their  wives,  by  the  king's 
leave,  as  they  did  before.  In  this  same  year  died  bishop  William 
GifFard  of  Winchester,  and  was  there  buried,  on  the  vuith  of 
the  Kal.  of  February  (Jan.  25th)  ;  and  king  Henry  gave  the 
bishopric,  after  Michaelmas,  to  the  abbot  Henry  of  Glaston- 
bury,  his  nephew;  and  he  was  hallowed  bishop  by  the  archbishop 
William  of  Canterbury  on  the  xvth  of  the  Kal.  of  December 
(Nov.  17th).  In  this  same  year  died  pope  Honorius.  Before 
he  was  well  dead  there  were  chosen  two  popes  ;  one  was 


1  For  the  particulars  of  this  synod 
at  Westminster,  in  1127,  see  Flor. 
Wigorn  Cont.  u.  p.  85  ;  Johnson 


'  Eccles.  Laws  and  Canons,'  IT.  p.  37 ; 
Wilkins,  Cone.  i.  p.  410;  Spelraan, 
Cone.  u.  p.  35. 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHBONICLE.  227 

named  Peter,  lie  was  a  monk  of  Cluny,  and  was  born  of  the 

richest  men  of  Rome  ;  with  him  held  those  of  Rome  and  the 

duke  of  Sicily.      The  other  was  named  Gregory,  he  was  a 

clerk,  and  was  driven  out  of  Rome  by  the  other  pope,  and  by 

his  kinsmen.     With  him  held  the  emperor  of  Saxony,  and  the 

king  of  France,  and  king  Henry  of  England,  and  all  those  OH 

this  side  of  the  mountains.     Now  there  was  so  much  error  in  sso, 

Christendom  as  never  before  was  :  may  Christ  impart  counsel 

for  his  wretched  folk.      In  this  same  year,  on  St.  Nicholas' 

mass-night,  a  little  before  day,  there  was  a  great  earthquake. 

An.  MC.XXX.  In  this  year  the  monastery  of  Canterbury  was 
hallowed  by  archbishop  William,  on  the  day  the  ivth  of  the 
Nones  of  May  (May  4th).  There  were  the  bishops  John  of 
Rochester,  Gilbert  Universal  of  London,  Henry  of  Winches- 
ter, Alexander  of  Lincoln,  Roger  of  Salisbury,  Simon  of  Wor- 
cester, Roger  of  Coventry,  Godfrey  of  Bath,  Everard  of 
Norwich,  Sigefrid  of  Chichester,  Bernard  of  St.  David's, 
Owen  of  Evreux  from  Normandy,  John  of  Seez.  On  the 
fourth  day  after  that,  king  Henry  was  in  Rochester,  and  the 
town  was  almost  burnt  down.  And  the  archbishop  William 
hallowed  the  monastery  of  St.  Andrew,  and  the  aforesaid 
bishops  with  him.  And  king  Henry  went  over  sea  to  Nor- 
mandy in  the  autumn.  In  the  same  year  came  the  abbot 
Henry  of  Angely,  after  Easter,  to  Peterborough,  and  said  that 
he  had  quite  left  that  monastery.  After  him  came  the  abbot 
of  Cluny,  named  Peter,  to  England,  by  the  king's  leave,  and 
was  received  everywhere  whithersoever  he  came  with  much 
worship.  To  Peterborough  he  came,  and  there  abbot  Henry 
promised  him  that  he  would  get  him  the  monastery  of  Peter- 
borough, that  it  might  be  subject  to  Cluny.  But  it  is  said  for 
a  proverb,  <  The  hedge  abides  that  fields  divides.'  May  God 
Almighty  frustrate  evil  counsels.  Shortly  after  this  the  abbot 
of  Cluny  went  home  to  his  country. 

An.  MC.XXXI.  This  year  after  Christmas,  on  a  Monday  night, 


An.  MC.XXX.  In  this  year  Anagus  was  slain  by  the  Scots' 
army;  and  there  was  a  great  slaughter  made  with  him.  There 
was  God's  right  avenged  on  him,  because  he  was  all  forsworn.a 


P  2 


228  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

at  the  first  sleep,  the  heaven  was,  on  the  north  side,  all  as  though 
it  were  burning  fire,  so  that  all  who  saw  it  were  so  affrighted 
as  they  never  were  before.  That  was  on  the  inrd  of  the  Ides 
of  January  (Jan.  1 1th).  In  this  same  year  there  was  so  great  a 
murrain  of  the  cattle,  as  never  was  in  the  memory  of  men  over 
all  England.  That  was  in  neat  and  in  swine  ;  so  that  in  the 
town  where  there  were  ten  or  twelve  ploughs  going,  there  was 
not  one  left;  and  the  man  who  had  two  or  three  hundred  swine 
had  not  one  left.  After  that  died  the  domestic  fowls  ;  Ihon 
flesh  meat  became  scarce,  and  cheese,  and  butter.  May  C4od 
better  it  when  it  shall  be  his  will !  And  king  Henry  cnme 
home  to  England  before  the  autumn,  after  the  mass  of  St. 
Peter  ad  Vincula  (Aug.  1st).  In  the  same  year  the  abbot 
Henry  went  before  Easter  from  Peterborough  over  sea  to  Nor- 
mandy, and  there  spoke  with  the  king,  and  said  to  him  that 
the  abbot  of  Cluny  had  ordered  him  that  he  should  come 
to  him  and  deliver  over  to  him  the  abbacy  of  Angely  ;  and 
after  that  he  would  come  home  by  his  leave.  And  so  he 
381.  went  home  to  his  own  monastery,  and  there  abode  quite  to 
Midsummer  day.  And  the  second  day  after  St.  John's  mass- 
day  (June  26th),  the  monks  chose  an  abbot  from  themselves, 
and  brought  him  into  the  church  with  procession,  sang  '  Te 
Deum  laudamus,'  rang  the  bells,  set  him  in  the  abbot's  seat, 
showed  him  all  obedience,  as  they  should  do  to  their  abbot;  and 
the  earl,  and  all  the  chief  men,  and  the  monks  of  the  monas- 
tery, drove  the  other  abbot  Henry  out  of  the  monastery.  They 
had  need  :  in  five  and  twenty  winters  they  had  never  enjoyed 
one  good  day.  Here  failed  him  all  his  great  crafts  :  now  it 
behoved  him  to  creep,  in  his  great  'tribulation,  into  every 
corner,  if  there  were  at  least  one  miserable  trick,  that  he  might 
yet  deceive  Christ  and  all  Christian  folk.  He  then  went  to 
Cluny,  and  there  he  was  held  so  that  he  could  not  go  east  or 
west.  The  abbot  of  Cluny  said  that  they  had  lost  St.  John's 
monastery  through  him,  and  through  his  great  sottishness. 
Then  he  knew  of  no  better  compensation  to  them,  but  to  pro- 
mise them,  and  swear  oaths  on  relics,  that  if  he  might  visit 
England,  he  should  get  them  the  monastery  of  Peterborough; 
so  that  he  should  set  there  a  prior  from  Cluny,  and  a  church- 
ward, and  treasurer,  and  vestment-keeper;  and  all  the  things 

1  The  original  word  is  '  codde,'  which  I  do  not  understand. 


THK    AXGLOSAXOX    CHKOX1CLE.  229 

tluit  were  within  the  monastery  and  without,  he  should  deliver 
to  them.  Thus  he  went  to  France,  and  there  abode  all  the  year. 
May  Christ  provide  for  the  wretched  monks  of  Peterborough, 
and  for  that  wretched  place  :  now  stand  they  in  need  of  the 
help  of  Christ  and  of  all  Christian  folk. 

An.  MC. xxxii.  In  this  year  king  Henry  came  to  this  land. 
Then  came  abbot  Henry,  and  accused  the  monks  of  Peter- 
borough to  the  king;  because  he  would  subject  that  monastery 
to  Cluny  ;  so  that  the  king  was  well  nigh  deceived,  and  sent 
after  the  monks  ;  and  through  God's  mercy,  and  through  the 
bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  the  bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  the  other 
powerful  men  who  were  there,  the  king  knew  that  he  pro- 
ceeded with  guile.  When  he  could  do  no  more,  he  wished 
that  his  nephew  should  be  abbot  of  Peterborough;  but  Christ 
willed  it  not.  It  was  not  very  long  after  that,  that  the  king 
sent  after  him,  and  made  him  give  up  the  abbacy  of  Peter- 
borough, and  go  out  of  the  land  :  and  the  king  gave  the 
abbacy  to  a  prior  of  St.  Neot's  named  Martin  :  he  came  on 
St.  Peter's  mass-day  with  great  worship  to  the  monastery. 

An.  3IC.XXXIH.,  xc.xxxiv. 

An.  MC.XXXV.  In  this  year  king  Henry  went  over  sea  at 
Lammas  (Aug.  1st);  and  the  second  day,  as  he  lay  and  slept  in 
the  ship,  the  day  darkened  over  all  lands,  and  the  sun  became, 
as  it  wore,  a  three-night-old  moon,  and  the  stars  about  it  at 
midday.  Men  were  greatly  wonder-stricken  and  affrighted, 
and  said  that  a  great  thing  should  come  hereafter.  So  it  did, 
for  that  same  year  the  king  died,  on  the  following  day  after 
St.  Andrew's  mass-day  (Dec.  2nd),  in  Normandy.  Then  there 
was  tribulation  soon  in  the  land;  for  every  man  that  could 
forthwith  robbed  another.  Then  his  '  son  and  his  friends  took 
his  body  and  brought  it  to  England,  and  buried  it  at  Reading. 
A  good  man  he  was,  and  there  was  great  awe  of  him.  No 
man  durst  misdo  against  another  in  his  time.  He  made  peace 
for  man  and  beast.  Whoso  bare  his  burthen  of  gold  and  silver, 
no  man  durst  say  to  him  aught  but  good.  In  the  meanwhile 
his  nephew  Stephen  of  Blois  was  come  to  England,  and  came 
to  London,  and  the  London  folk  received  him,  and  sent  after 
the  archbishop  William  Corbeil,  and  hallowed  him  king  on 

1  Robert  earl  of  Gloucester,   the  only  one  of  his  numerous    progeny 
present  at  his  death. 


230  THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

Midwinter  day.  In  this  king's  time  all  was  strife,  and  evil, 
and  rapine  ;  for  against  him  soon  rose  the  powerful  men  who 
were  traitors.  The  first  of  all  Baldwin  de  Redvers,  who  held 
Exeter  against  him  ;  and  the  king  besieged  it,  and  then  Bald- 
win capitulated.  Then  the  others  took  and  held  their  castles 
against  him  ;  and  David,  king  of  Scotland,  took  to  vex  him. 
Then,  notwithstanding  that,  their  messengers  passed  between 
them,  and  they  came  together,  and  were  reconciled  ;  though 
it  was  to  little  purpose. 

An.  MC.XXXVI. 

An.  MC.XXXVII.  In  this  year  king  Stephen  went  over  sea  to 
Normandy,  and  was  there  received  ;  because  they  imagined 
that  he  would  be  such  as  his  uncle  was,  and  because  he  had 
got  his  treasure  :  but  he  distributed  it  and  scattered  it  foolishly. 
Much  had  king  Henry  gathered  of  gold  and  silver,  and  no 
good  was  done  for  his  soul  thereof.  When  king  Stephen  came 
'to  England  (a.  1139),  he  held  an  assembly  at  Oxford,  and  there 
he  took  the  bishop  Roger  of  Salisbury,  and  Alexander  bishop  of 
Lincoln,  and  the  chancellor  Roger,  his  nephew,  and  put  them 
all  into  prison,  till  they  gave  up  their  castles.  When  the 
traitors  perceived  that  he  was  a  mild  man,  and  soft,  and  good, 
and  did  no  justice,  then  did  they  all  wonder.  They  had  done 
homage  to  him,  and  sworn  oaths,  but  had  held  no  faith  ;  they 
were  all  forsworn,  and  forfeited  their  troth  ;  for  every  power- 
ful man  made  his  castles,  and  held  them  against  him ; 
and  they  filled  the  land  full  of  castles.  They  cruelly  op- 
pressed the  wretched  men  of  the  land  with  castle-works. 
When  the  castles  were  made,  they  filled  them  with  devils  and 
evil  men.  Then  took  they  those  men  that  they  imagined  had 
any  property,  both  by  night  and  by  day,  peasant  men  and 
women,  and  put  them  in  prison  for  their  gold  and  silver,  and 
tortured  them  with  unutterable  torture  ;  for  never  were  mar- 
tyrs so  tortured  as  they  were.  They  hanged  them  up  by  the 
feet,  and  smoked  them  with  foul  smoke  ;  they  hanged  them  by 
the  thumbs,  or  by  the  head,  and  hung  fires  on  their  feet  ;  they 
put  knotted  strings  about  their  heads,  and  writhed  them  so 
that  it  went  to  the  brain.  They  put. them  in  dungeons,  in 
which  were  adders,  and  snakes,  and  toads,  and  killed  them  so. 
Some  they  put  in  a  *  crucet  hus,'  that  is,  in  a  chest  that  was 
short,  and  narrow,  and  shallow,  and  put  sharp  stones  therein, 
and  pressed  the  man  therein,  so  that  they  brake  all  his  limbs. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE.  281 

In  many  of  the  castles  were  [instruments  called]  a  * '  lao'  and  *r\^hly  and 
grim,'  these  were  neck-bonds,  of  which  two  or  three  men  had 
enough  to  bear  one.  It  was  so  made,  that  is,  [it  was]  fastened 
to  a  beam  ;  and  they  put  a  sharp  iron  about  the  man's  throat 
and  his  neck,  so  that  he  could  not  in  any  direction  sit,  or  lie, 
or  sleep,  but  must  bear  all  that  iron.  Many  thousands  they 
killed  with  hunger  ;  I  neither  can  nor  may  tell  all  the  wounds 
or  all  the  tortures  which  they  inflicted  on  wretched  men  in 
this  land ;  and  that  lasted  the  nineteen  winters  while  Stephen 
was  king  ;  and  ever  it  was  worse  and  worse.  They  laid  im- 
posts on  the  towns  continually,  and  called  it  ucenserie  r'when 
the  wretched  men  had  no  more  to  give,  they  robbed  and  burned 
all  the  towns,  so  that  thou  mightest  well  go  all  a  day's  journey 
and  thou  shouldst  never  find  a  man  sitting  in  a  town,  or  the  land 
tilled.  Then  was  corn  dear,  and  flesh,  and  cheese,  and  butter; 
for  there  was  none  in  the  land.  Wretched  men  died  of  hun- 
ger ;  some  went  seeking  alms  who  at  one  while  were  rich  men ; 
some  fled  out  of  the  land.  Never  yet  had  more  wretchedness 
been  in  the  land,  nor  did  heathen  men  ever  do  worse  than 
they  did;  for  everywhere  at  times  they  forbore  neither  church  383. 
nor  churchyard,  but  took  all  the  property  that  was  therein, 
and  then  burned  the  church  and  altogether.  Nor  forbore  they  a 
bishop's  land,  nor  an  abbot's,  nor  a  priest's,  but  robbed  monks 
and  clerks,  and  every  man  another  who  anywhere  could.  If 
two  or  three  men  came  riding  to  a  town,  all  the  township  fled 
before  them,  imagining  them  to  be  robbers.  The  bishops  and 
clergy  constantly  cursed  them,  but  nothing  came  of  it ;  for 
they  were  all  accursed,  and  forsworn,  and  lost.  However  a 
man  tilled,  the  earth  bare  no  corn ;  for  the  land  was  all  fordone 
by  such  deeds  :  and  they  said  openly  that  Christ  and  his 
saints  slept.  Such  and  more  than  we  can  say,  we  endured 
nineteen  winters  for  our  sinsi  In  all  this  evil  time  abbot 
Martin  held  his  abbacy  twenty  winters  and  a  half  year,  and 
eight  days,  with  great  trouble  ;  and  found  the  monks  and  the 
guests  all  that  behoved  them,  and  held  great  charity  in  the 
house;  and,  notwithstanding,  wrought  on  the  church,  and 


1  In  the  MS. '  tenserie.'    Censerie  j  "  tage  est  charge  envers  le  seigneur 
is,  no  doubt,  the  same  as  '  cens,'  in      "  du  fief  d'ou  il  depend."    Roque- 


Low  Latin  censaria,  "  rente  seig- 
"  neuriale  et  fonciere,  dont  un  heri- 


fort,  Glossaire  Eomain. 


232  THE   AXGLO-SAXON    CHRONICLE. 

added  thereto  lands  and  routs,  and  greatly  endowed  it,  and 
'had  it  provided  with  vestments,  and  brought  them  (the 
monks)  into  the  new  monastery,  on  St.  Peter's  mass-day,  with 
great  worship.  That  was  in  the  year  from  the  inearnation  of 
the  Lord  MC.XL.,  from  the  burning  of  the  place  xxni.  And  he 
went  to  Rome,  and  was  there  well  received  by  pope "  Eugenius, 
and  there  got  privileges :  one  for  all  the  lands  of  the  abbacy, 
and  another  for  the  lands  which  are  adjacent  to  the  3 church  - 
dwelling  ;  and  if  lie  might  have  lived  longer,  he  meant  to  do 
so  for  the  treasurer's  dwelling.  And  he  got  back  the  lands 
that  powerful  men  held  by  force  :  from  William  Malduit, 
who  held  the  castle  of  Rockiiighnm,  he  obtained  Cotingham 
and  Easton  ;  and  from  Hugo  of  Waltevile  he  obtained  Irling- 
borough  and  Stauwiek  ;  and  from  Oldwinkle  sixty  shillings 
every  year.  And  he  made  many  monks,  and  planted  a  vine- 
yard, and  made  many  works,  raid  rendered  the  town  better 
than  it  ere  was  ;  and  Avas  a  good  monk  and  a  good  man,  and 
therefore  God  and  good  men  loved  him.  Now  we  will  say 
a  part  of  what  befel  in  king  Stephen's  time.  In  his  time  the 
Jews  of  Norwich  bought  a  Christian  child  before  Easter,  and 
tortured  him  with  all  the  same  torture  with  which  our  Lord 
was  tortured  ;  and  on  *  Longfriday  hanged  him  on  a  rood,  in 
5 hatred  to  our  Lord,  and  afterwards  buried  him.  They  ima- 
gined that  it  would  be  concealed,  but  our  Lord  showed  that 
he  was  a  holy  martyr.  And  the  monks  took  him  and  buried 
him  honourably  in  the  monastery;  and  through  our  Lord  he 
makes  wonderful  and  manifold  miracles,  and  he  is  called  St. 
William. 

An.  MC. xxxvin.  In  this  year  came  David,  king  of  Scotland, 
with  an  immense  force  to  this  land  :  he  would  win  this  land. 
And  against  him  came  William,  count  of  Albemarle,  to  whom 
the  king  had  intrusted  York,  and  c  two  other  chief  men,  with 


1  Or  perhaps  had  the  walls  adorned  \       4 -The  Scandinavian  nations  still 


w  ith  hangings.     The  meaning  is  very 
doubtful. 

2  Eugenius  II.  did  not  reign  till 
1145. 

3  Probably  the  inhabited  part  of 


say  Langfredag  for  Good  Friday. 


5  For  '  lime  '  of  the  text  I  suspect 
we  should  read  laSe,  hate.  At 
p.  382  of  the  text  there  is  appa- 
rently a  similar  error  of '  lof '  for  la'b1. 


the  abbey,  as  distinguished  from  the  j       6  Perhaps  Koger  of  Monbrai  and 
abbey-church.  j  Walter  Espec. 


THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHIIONIOLE.  233 

few  men,  and  fought  against  them,  and  put  the  king  to  flight 
at  the  Standard,  and  slew  very  many  of  his  followers. 

All.    MC. XXXIX.     . 

Aii.  l  MC.XL.  In  this  year  king  Stephen  would  take  Robert 
earl  of  Gloucester,  the  son  of  king  Henry;  but  he  could  not,  for 
he  was  aware  of  it.  Afterwards  in  Lent,  the  sun  and  the  day 
darkened  about  the  noontide  of  day,  when  men  were  eating, 
and  they  lighted  candles  to  eat  by  ;  and  that  was  on  the  xinth 
of  the  Kal.  of  April  (Mar.  20th).  Men  were  greatly  wonder- 
stricken.  After  that  died  William,  archbishop  of  Canterbury  ; 
and  the  king  made  Theobald  archbishop,  who  was  abbot  of 
Bee.  After  this  waxed  a  very  great  war  betwixt  the  king 
and  Randolf  earl  of  Chester  ;  not  because  that  he  gave  him 
not  all  that  he  could  ask  from  him,  as  he  did  to  all  others  ;  but  354. 
ever  the  more  he  gave  them,  the  Avorse  they  were  to  him. 
The  earl  held  Lincoln  against  the  king,  and  took  from  him  all 
that  he  ought  to  have.  And  the  king  went  thither  and  be- 
sieged him  and  his  brother  William  de  Roumare  in  the  castle. 
And  the  earl  stole  out,  and  went  after  Robert  earl  of  Glou- 
cester, and  brought  him  thither  with  a  great  force;  and  they 
fought  obstinately  on  Candlemas  day  (Feb.  2nd)  against  their 
lord,  and  took  him;  for  his  men  deserted  him  and  fled.  And 
they  led  him  to  Bristol,  and  there  put  him  into  prison,  and 

Then  was  all  England  stirred  more  that  it  ere  was, 

and  all  evil  was  in  the  land.  After  that  came  king  Henry's 
daughter,  who  had  been  empress  of  Almaine,  and  was  now 
countess  of  Anjou,  and  came  to  London;  and  the  London  folk 
would  take  her,  and  she  fled  and  2lost  thus  much.'  After- 
wards the  bishop,  of  Winchester,  Henry,  the  brother  of  king 
Stephen,  spoke  with  earl  Robert  and  with  the  empress,  and 
swore  oaths  to  them  that  he  never  more  would  hold  with  the 
king  his  brother,  and  cursed  all  the  men  who  held  with  him  ; 
and  said  to  them,  that  he  would  give  Winchester  up  to  them, 
and  made  them  come  thither.  When  they  were  therein,  then 
came  the  king's  queen  with  all  her  strength  and  besieged 


1  Under  this  date  are  included 
e  rents  belonging  to  following  years. 

-'  MS.  '  J?as  mycel,'  "which  I  do 
not  understand  ;  but  supposing  that 
1  J>as '  may  be  an  error  for  '  hus,'  I 


have  translated  accordingly.  Flo- 
rence of  "Worcester  has  :  4<  omni  sua 
"  suorumque  supellectile  post  ter- 
"  gum  relicta." 


234  THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE. 

them,  so  that  there  was  great  hunger  therein.  When  they 
could  no  longer  hold  out,  they  stole  out  and  fled.  And  they 
without  were  aware,  and  followed  them,  and  took  Robert  earl 
of  Gloucester,  and  led  him  to  Rochester,  and  there  put  him  in 
prison;  and  the  empress  fled  to  a  monastery.  Then  went  wise 
men  betwixt  the  king's  friends  and  the  earl's  friends,  and  so 
agreed  :  that  the  king  should  be  let  out  of  prison  for  the  earl, 
and  the  earl  for  the  king,  and  they  so  did.  After  that,  the 
king  and  earl  Raudolf  agreed  at  Stamford,  and  swore  oaths, 
and  plighted  troth,  that  neither  of  them  should  prove  traitor  to 
the  other  ;  but  it  stood  for  naught  ;  for  the  king  afterwards 
took  him  at  Northampton,  through  wicked  counsel,  and  put 
him  in  prison,  and  eftsoons,  through  worse  counsel,  he  let  him 
out,  on  the  condition  that  he  should  swear  on  a  relic,  and  find 
hostages,  that  he  would  give  up  all  his  castles.  Some  he 
gave  up,  and  some  he  gave  up  not ;  and  then  did  worse  here 
than  he  should.  Then  was  England  much  divided  ;  some 
held  with  the  king  and  some  with  the  empress  ;  for  when  the 
king  was  in  prison,  the  earls  and  the  great  men  imagined 
that  he  never  more  would  come  out;  and  agreed  with  the  em- 
press, and  brought  her  to  Oxford,  and  gave  her  the  burgh. 
When  the  king  was  out,  he  heard  that  say,  and  took  his  force, 
and  besieged  her  in  the  tower;  and  she  was  let  down  by  night 
from  the  tower  with  ropes,  and  she  stole  out,  and  fled,  aiid 
went  on  foot  to  Wallingford.  After  that  she  went  over  sea, 
and  they  of  Normandy  all  turned  from  the  king  to  the  count 
of  Anjou,  some  voluntarily,  some  by  compulsion,  for  he  be- 
sieged them  till  they  gave  up  their  castles  ;  and  they  had  no 
help  from  the  king.  Then  went  Eustace,  the  king's  son,  to 
Constance.  France,  and  took  the  king  of  France's  *sister  to  wife,  imagining 
to  get  Normandy  thereby  ;  but  he  sped  little,  and  by  good 
right,  for  he  was  an  evil  man,  for  wheresoever  he  was,  he  did 
more  evil  than  good.  He  robbed  the  lands,  and  laid  great  im- 
posts on  them.  He  brought  his  wife  to  England,  and  put  her 

in  the  castle  of A  good  woman  she  was,  but  she  had 

little  bliss  with  him;  and  Christ  would  not  that  he  should  long 
rule  ;  and  he  died,  and  his  mother  also  ;  and  the  count  of 
Anjou  died,  and  his  son  Henry  succeeded  to  the  county.  And 
the  queen  of  France  parted  from  the  king,  and  she  came  to  the 
young  count  Henry,  and  he  took  her  to  wife,  and  all  Poitou 
with  her.  He  then  went  with  a  great  force  to  England,  and 


THE  ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE.  235 

won  castles;  and  the  king  went  against  him  with  a  much  larger 

force;  and  yet  they  fought  not;  but  the  archbishop  and  the  wise 

men  went  betwixt  them  and  made  this  agreement  :  That  the         385. 

king  should  be  lord  and  king  while  he  lived;  and  after  his  day 

Henry  should  be  king  ;  and  he  should  hold  him  as  a  father,  and 

he  him  as  a  son,  and  peace  and  concord  should  be  betwixt  them 

and  in  all  England.     This  and  the  other  compacts  which  they 

made,  the  king,  and  the  count,  and  the  bishops,  and  all  the 

powerful  men,  swore  to  observe.    The  count  was  then  received 

at  Winchester   and  at  London  with  great  worship  ;  and  all 

did  him  homage,  and  swore  to  hold  the  pacification.     And  it 

was  soon  a  very  good  pacification,  such  as  never  had  been 

before.     Then  was  the  king  stronger  than  he  ever  was  before ; 

and  the  count  went  over  sea  ;  and  all  folk  loved  him  ;  for  he 

did  good  justice  and  made  peace. 

An.  MC.LIV.  In  this  year  king  Stephen  died,  and  was  buried 
where  his  wife  and  his  son  were  buried,  at  Faversham,  the 
monastery  which  they  had  founded.  When  the  king  was  dead 
the  count  was  beyond  sea  ;  but  no  man  durst  do. other  than 
good,  for  the  great  awe  of  him.  When  he  came  to  England  he 
WHS  received  with  great  worship,  and  blessed  for  king  in  Lon- 
don on  the  Sunday  before  Midwinter  day ;  and  there  he  held 
a  great  court.  That  same  day  that  Martin,  abbot  of  Peter- 
borough, should  have  gone  thither,  he  sickened  and  died,  on 
the  ivth  of  the  Nones  of  January  (Jan.  2nd)  ;  and  the  monks 
within  a  day  chose  another  for  themselves,  William  de  Walte- 
vile,  a  good  clerk  and  good  man,  and  well  loved  of  the  king 
and  of  all  good  men.  And  all  the  monks  buried  the  abbot 
honourably;  and  soon  the  abbot  elect  went,  and  the  monks 
with  him,  to  the  king  at  Oxford  ;  and  the  king  gave  him  the 

abbacy;  and  soon  went  to  Peterborough .-  .  and 

he  Avas  also  at  Ramsey  ......... 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


239 


CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX, 


A.D, 



Pag 
A.S.  text. 

es  of 
'  > 
Transl. 

A. 

C5G 

Abon,  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede    . 

53 

28 

710 

Acca,  bishop  of  Hexham         ..... 

69 

38 

733 

expelled  from  his  see       ..... 

77 

40 

737 

dies         ........ 

77 

40 

973 

Acemannes  ceaster,  Bath  so  called  .... 

'224 

96 

7821 
789  / 

95,99 

47,48 

Adela.     See  Athelis. 

116 

Adrian  (Hadrian),  emperor  of  Home 

13 

9 

675 

Adrian,  legate  in  England,  attests  charter  to  Medes- 

hamstede     ....... 

59 

33 

'    785 

Adrian  L,  pope,  sends  legates  to  England 

-97 

47 

794 

dies                           

100 

49 

897 

^Ebbe,  a  Frisian,  slain     

176,177 

74- 

1002 

JEfic,  king's  high  reeve,  murdered  by  Leofsige 

252,  253 

Ill 

1037 

^Efic,  dean  of  Evesham,  dies  

294 

130 

650 

JEgelbryht,  bishop  of  Wessex  (Dorchester)     . 

50,51 

24 

660 

leaves  England         

54,55 

28 

571 

^Egelesburh  (Aylesbury),  taken  from  the  Britons    . 

32,  33 

17 

455 

JEgelesthrep  (Aylesford),  battle  at           ... 

20,21 

12 

1053 

JEgelnoth,  abbot  of  Glastonbury     .... 

322 

154 

1066 

accompanies  William  the  Conqueror  to  Nor- 

mandy        ....... 

339 

170 

1041 

^Egelric,  ordained  bishop  of  Durham  at  York  . 

298 

132 

1056 

retires  to  Peterborough    ..... 

326 

158 

1069 

accused  and  brought  to  Westminster 

342,343      174,175 

1070 

excommunicates  Here  ward  and  his  men  . 

344,  347 

178 

10721 
1073  J 

dies         ........ 

346,  347 

179 

1057  1 
1058  J 

jEgelric,  bishop  of  Sussex  (Selsey) 

328,  329 

159,  160 

1053 

JEgelward,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  dies     . 

322 

154 

10771 
1078J 

JEgelwig,  abbot  of  Evesham,  dies    .... 

350,  351 

183 

1056 

./Egelwine,  bishop  of  Durham          .... 

326 

158 

1069 

outlawed  

342,  343 

174,  175 

1071  \ 

flees  to  Ely  —  submits  to  William,  and  dies  at 

1072J 

Abingdon     

346,  347 

178,179 

jEgesanstan.     See  Daegsanstan. 

CHRONOLOGICAL   IKDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

003 

i 
JEgthan,  king  of  the  Scots,  defeated  by  kingTKthel- 

ferth     .... 

30   37 

18 

1006 

JElfelm,  aldorman,  slain          ..... 

250,  257 

113 

902 

-5£lfgar,  king  Eadgar's  kinsman,  dies 

218 

92 

993 

JElfgar,  son  of  JElfric,  blinded  by  order  of  king 

TEthelred      

240,241 

105 

1021 

JElfg&r  the  Alms-giver,  bishop,  dies 

286 

125 

1048V 

JElfgar  (Ealgar),  son  of  Leofric,  succeeds  to  Harold's  1 

317,321, 

146,  154, 

1053  J 

earldom         J 

322,  323 

155 

1055 

outlawed  and  joins  Griffith,  and  plunders  the  \ 
abbey  at  Hereford         .         .         .         .         J 

324,  325 

J  156,  15  7, 
1    158 

1055 

his  outlawry  reversed  and  possessions  restored    . 

324,  326 

157 

1057 

succeeds  to  his  father's  earldom 

328,  329 

159 

1058 

banished  and  returns          .         .         .         . 

328 

160 

1039 

-^Elfget,  slain  by  the  Welsh      

296 

131 

958 

.^Elfgifu,  wife  of  king  Eadwig,  separated  from  him  . 

217 

91 

1002 

vElfgifu  Emma,  comes  to  England                             | 

251,252, 
253 

111 

1013 

takes  refuge  in  Normandy                                   •< 

271,272, 
273 

119 

1017 

marries  Cnut   ....... 

284,285 

124 

1023 

accompanies  the  body  of  abp.  A-'A(  heah  to  Can- 

terbury         ....... 

288 

127 

1035 

despoiled  of  her  treasures  by  king  Harold 

292 

129 

1036 

appointed  to  the  regency  of  Wessex  with  God- 

wine  and  others    ..... 

203 

129 

1037 

expelled  by  Harold  Harefoot  and  retires   to 

Bruges          

294,  295 

130 

1041 

gives  St.  Valentine's  head  to  the  New  monastery 

at  Winchester      ..... 

299 

132 

1043 

her  treasures  seized  by  her  son,  king  Eadward  . 

300,301 

133 

1051  I 
1052  J 

dies  

312,316, 
317 

145,149, 
150 

955 

TKlfgyfu  (St.),  queen  of  king  Eadmund  . 

215 

91 

1035 

.^Elfgyfu,  ^Elfhelm's  daughter,  concubine  of  Cnut    . 

292,293 

129 

934 

JElfheah,  bishop  of  Winchester        .... 

200,  201 

86. 

951 

dies         

214 

91  * 

984 

^Elf  heah,  bishop  of  Winchester        .... 

236,237 

103 

993 

with  abp.  Siric  counsels  kin  gJE  their  ed  to  make 

peace  with  Olaf(Unlaf)        .... 

240,241 

105 

994 

sent  to  king  Olaf  (  Anlaf  )  to  sue  for  peace 

242,  243 

106 

1006 

succeeds  to  Canterbury     

254,255 

113 

1007 

goes  to  Eome  for  his  pall  

258 

114 

1011 

captured  by  the  Danes      ..... 

266,267 

117 

1012 

murdered  by  them  and  buried  at  St.  Paul's 

268,269 

118 

1023 

his  body  removed  to  Canterbury 

288,  289 

120 

972 

JElfhere  (^Ifere),  aldorman  of  Mercia,  signs  the 

charter  of  donation  to  Medeshamstede  . 

221 

95 

975 

destroys  monasteries  and  expels  the  monks 

229 

99 

980 

removes  the  body  of  king  Eadward  from  Ware  - 

ham  to  Shaftesbury      ..... 

234,  235 

102 

983 

dies          ........ 

236,  237 

103 

CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


241 


A    T) 

Pag 

esof 

*  V.  1  /, 

A.S.  text 

Transl. 

1012 

vElfhun,  bishop  of  London,  receives  and  buries  the 

body  of  abp.  JElfheah.  

268,269 

118 

1013 

accompanies  TEthelred's  sons  to  Normandy      4 

271,272, 
273 

|    119 

792 

JElflsed,  wife  of  JEthelred,  king  of  Northumbria 

99 

48 

1011 

yElfma?r,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  betrays  Canter- 

bury to  the  Danes         .         .         .         . 

266,267 

117 

1056 

./Elfnoth,  shire-reeve,  slain       

326 

158 

W  •"  '  >    "I 
*""       '        I 

yKlfred,  son  of  vEthelwulf  —  his  genealogy  —  sent  to 

854  j 

Rome  

2,122,123 

4,57 

853  1 
854  J 

consecrated  king  by  pope  Leo  .... 

123,  127 

57,  58 

868 

marches  to  Nottingham,  in  aid  of  Burhred,  king 

of  Mercia    

132,  133 

59 

U8T71 

succeeds  to   the  kingdom  of  Wessex 

140  141 

62  

871 

defeated  by  the  Danes  at  Wilton 

140,  141 

G2 

871 

fights  nine  battles  with  the  Danes  in  one  year    . 

140,  141 

62 

875 

defeats  the  Danes  at  sea  

144,  145 

63 

876 

makes  peace  with  them    ..... 

144,  145 

63 

877 

146,  147 

64 

877 

takes  refuge  in  Athelney          .... 

146,  147 

64 

878 

defeats  the   Danes  and    becomes  sponsor  for 

Guthorm      .....*. 

148,  149 

65 

882 

fights  with  the  Danes  at  sea      .... 

150,  151 

883 

sends  alms  to  Rome  and  India 

152,153 

60 

885 

raises  the  siege  of  Rochester    .... 

152,153 

66 

885 

sends  a  naval  force  to  the  mouth  of  the  Stour  . 

152,  153 

GG 

885 

conflicts  with  the  vikings  at  sea 

152,153 

66 

885 

obtains  the  freedom  of  the  English  school  at 

Rome           ....... 

154,  155 

67 

886 

restores  London  and  commits  it  to  the  aldor- 

man  .ZEthelred     .        .        .        . 

156,  157 

G7 

8871 

888  I 

sends  alms  to  Rome         

158,  159 

68 

890  J 

892  J 

receives  three  Scottish  (Irish)  pilgrims     . 

160,  161 

69 

,894 

defeats  of  the  Danes  at  Farnham     . 

166,167 

70 

X    896 

blockades  the  river  Lea  ..... 

172,173  ' 

7-'5 

897 

orders  the  construction  of  long  ships 

174,175 

71 

897 

his  conflict  with   Danish  ships  at  the  Isle  of 

Wight          

176,177 

74 

901 

dies 

M  *. 

906 

Alfred,  reeve  of  Bath,  dies      

182,  183 

t  >) 

77 

1013 

YElfred,  son  of  king  ^Ethelred   and  Emma,    sent 

abroad          

271,272 

119 

1036 

comes  to  England,  and  is  cruelly  murdered 

292 

129 

634 

JElfric,  father  of  Osric,  king  of  Northumbria  . 

45 

22 

983 

JElfric,  aldorman  of  Mercia     . 

236,  237 

103 

985 

banished           ....... 

236,  237 

105 

9921 
1  003  J 

his  treachery   4 

238,239 
252,  253 

104 
112 

TOT 

„    IT, 

Q 

242 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


A.D. 

. 

Pag 
A.S.  text. 

?s  of 
Transl. 

995 

JElfric,  bishop  of  Wilton,  chosen  archbishop  of  Can- 

243 

106 

996 

244  245 

107 

997 
1006 

goes  to  Rome  for  his  pall  and  about  the  expul- 
sion of  the  secular  clergy     .... 

244,  247 
254  255 

107 
1  13 

1016 
1023 
1026 
10oO\ 

JElfric  aldorraan,  slain  at  Assandun 
JElfric,  archbishop  of  York     
goes  to  Rome  for  his  pall          .... 

282,283 
289 
290 

312 

123 
126 
127 

14°  146 

1052  J 
1038 
1053 

./Elfric,  bishop  of  the  East  Angles,  dies  . 
JElfric,  brother  of  Odda,  dies  

294,295 
302 

181 

154 

(1006) 
1013 

1013 
1041 
1023 

1032 

^Elfsige  (^Elfsi,  JSlfsine),  abbot  of  Peterborough    . 
accompanies  queen  Emma  to  Normandy  . 

buys  the  body  of  St.  Florentine 
dies          
jiElfsige,  bishop  of  Winchester,  assists  in  removing 
the  body  of  archbishop  ^Elfheah 

221 
271,272, 
273 
272 

299 

288 
293 

95 
|    119 

119 
133 

127 
128 

972 

^Elfsine.     See  JElfsige. 
JElfstan,  bishop   of  London,    attests  a  charter  to 
Medeshamstede    ...... 

2Q1 

95 

992 
981 
10431 
1044J 
965 

1045 
924"! 
925  J 
1011 

1014 
679 
1032 
10471 

commands  king  JEthelred's  fleet 
JElfstan,  bishop  of  Wilton,  dies       .... 

JElfstan,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  resigns 
JElfthryth,  married  to  king  Eadgar 
JElfward,  bishop  of  London,  dies    .... 
JElfweard,  son  of  Eadward  the  Elder,  dies 

JElfweard,  king's  reeve,  captured  by  the  Danes  at 
Canterbury           .         .         . 
JElfwig,  bishop  of  London      .         .         . 
JElfwine,  brother  of  king  Ecgferth,  slain 
-^Elfwine,  bishop  of  Winchester        .... 

dies 

238,239 
234 

301 
223 
303 
198,199 

266,267 
272 
60,61 
293 

302  303 

104 
102 

134,  135 
95 
134 

84 

117 
120 
33 

128 

136 

1046  J 
10461 
1048  I 

-^Ifwine,  abbot  of  Ramsey,  sent  to  the  synod  at 

305 

139 

919 

656 

JElfwyn,  daughter  of  JEthelred  aldorman  and^Ethel- 
flsed,  deprived  of  the  government  of  Mercia 

JElhmund  (Ealhmund),  signs  charter  to  Medesham- 
stede     

192,  193 
53 

81 

28 

867 

477 
485 
491 

JElla,  king  of  Northumbria,  slain    .... 

JElle,  arrives  in  Britain  and  defeats  the  Welsh 
fights  against  them  at  Mearcredes  burne  . 
destroys  Andredesceaster          .... 
the  first  Brytenwalda         

132,  133 

22,23 
24,  25 
24,  25 
112,  113 

59 

13 
13 
13 
53 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


243 


Pag 

es  of 

A.D. 

_  

i  ' 

'•  ^ 

A.S.  text. 

Trans]. 

560 

JElle,  succeeds  Ida  in  Northumbria 

30,31 

15 

30,  31 

15 

588 

dies          ........ 

34,35 

17 

1011 

JElmoer,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's.     See  -JElfinser. 

1016 

JElmser  Dyrling,  aids  Cnut  against  king  Eadmund  '. 

280,  281 

122 

455 

JEsc,  reigns  with  his  father  Hengest 

20,21 

12 

457| 
465  }• 
473  J 

his  battles  with  the  Britons      .... 

22,23 

12,  13 

488 

24,  25 

13 

992 

JEscwig,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  commands  JEthelred's 

238,  239 

104 

fleet      

674 

JEscwine,  king  of  Wessex  —  his  genealogy 

1,58,59 

3,31 

675 

fights  against  Wulf  here,  son  of  Penda 

58,59 

31 

676 

dies          ........ 

60,61 

32 

716 

JEthelbald,  king  of  Mercia       ..... 

70,71 

39 

733 

takes  Somerton         ...... 

76,77 

40 

737 

ravages  Northumbria        ..... 

77 

40 

742 

attends  the  synod  at  Clovesho  .... 

79 

41 

743 

fights  against  the  Welsh  ..... 

78,79 

41 

752 

defeated  by  Cuthred  of  Wessex 

80,81 

42 

755 

slain  at  Seckington  ...... 

83  86,  87 

42,44 

851 

JEthelbald,  son  of  .^Ethelwulf,  defeats  the  Danes  at 

' 

Ockley         

122,  123 

56 

856  J 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Wessex 

2,127,128 

4,  57,  58 

860 

dies          ........ 

128,129 

58 

778 

./Ethelbald  and  Heardberht,  slay  three  high  reeves  . 

93 

46 

552 

JEthelberht  (Egelberht),  son  of  Eormenric,  born 

~29 

Ts 

565 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Kent 

30,31 

16 

568 

defeated  by  Ceawlin  and  Cutha 

32,33 

16 

604 

gives  the  see  of  London  to  Mellitus,  and  of 

Rochester  to  Justus      

38,39 

18 

616 

dies          .         .        .         

40,41 

19 

the  third  Brytenwalda       .         .         . 

112,113 

53 

766 

JEthelberht,  archbishop  of  York       .... 

91 

45 

780 

95 

47 

777 

JEthelberht,  bishop  of  Whiterne      . 

93 

46 

795 

JEthelberht,  bishop  of  Hexham,  assists  at  the  conse- 

cration of  king  Eardwulf      .... 

103 

49 

797 

dies          ........ 

105 

50 

664 

JEthelbold,  signs  charter  to  Medesbamstede     . 

53 

28 

855 

JEthelbryht,   king  of   Kent,    Essex,    Surrey,    and 

Sussex          ....... 

127,  128 

58 

860 

succeeds  to  Wessex  

2,128,129 

4,58 

865 

his  death  and  burial          

130,131 

59 

633 

JEthelburh,  king  Eadwine's  relict,  takes  refuge  in 

Kent     

45 

22 

722 

JEthelburh,  queen  of  Ine,  destroys  Taunton     . 

72,73 

39 

748 

JEthelbyrht,  king  of  Kent        .         .         . 

80 

42 

760 

dies          

88,89 

44 

Q  2 

244 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A,D. 



Pages  of 
'A.S.  text.      Transl. 

792        JEthelbyrht,  king  of  East  Anglia,  murdered  by  Offa 

98,  99 

48 

1055                monastery  dedicated  to  him  at  Her-eford  plun- 

dered and  destroyed      

324,  325 

157 

673       JEtheldryth  (St.),  founds  the  monastery  at  Ely 

58,  59 

31 

679               dies          .         . 

60,  61 

33 

963                 body  of,  at  Ely         

220 

93 

593        ^thelferth  (JEthelfrith),  king  of  Northumbria 

34,  35 

17 

603                defeats  JSgthan,  king  of  the  Scots    . 

36,37 

18 

606               defeats  the  Welsh  at  Chester    .... 

38,  39 

18 

617               killed  in  battle  with  king  Rsedwald   of  East 

Anglia          

41 

20 

897     i  ^Ethelferth,  king  Alfred's  «  geneat,'  slain 

176,  177 

74 

910       .TEthelflsed,  lady  of  the  Mercians,  builds  the  burgh  at 

Bramsbury  

184,  185 

77 

912 

builds  fortresses   at   Scergeat    (Sarrat  ?)    and 

Bridgenorth          

•   186,  187 

78 

913 

also  at  Tamworth,   Stafford,  Eddesbury,  War- 

wick, Chirbury,  Wardbury,  and  Runcorn     . 

186,  187 

79 

916 

takes  Brecknock       

'   190,  191 

80 

917 

„     Derby     

190,191 

80 

918 

„     Leicester         .        . 

192,  193 

81 

9181 
922  J 

dies  at  Tamworth     

192,  195 

81,83 

946 

JEthelflaed  of  Damerham,  queen  of  king  Eadmund  . 

213 

90 

^Ethelfrith.     See  JEthelferth. 

964 

^Ethelgar,  abbot  of  the  New  monastery  at  Winchester 

222,  223 

9o 

980 

bishop  of  Selsey        

234 

102 

988 

archbishop  of  Canterbury          .... 

238,  239 

103 

7281 
726  J 

jEthelheard,  king  of  Wessex  —  his  genealogy  —  fights 
with  Oswald  the  a3theling     .... 

1,72,73 

3,39 

741  1 
740  J 

78,79 

41 

790 

JEthelheard,  archbishop  of  Canterbury    . 

98,99 

48 

796 

holds  a  synod  

103 

49 

799 

104   105 

^i 

8031 
802  J 

dies          ....... 

106,  107             51 

794 

JEthelheard,  aldorman,  dies 

101 

49 

852 

JEthelheard,  aldorman,  witnesses  charter  to  Medes- 

123 

56 

837 

JEthelhelm  (^Ethelm),  aldorman,  slain  in  battle  by 

the  Danes     . 

118,  119 

5  5 

887 

-^Ethelhelm  (-ZEthelm),  aldorman  of  Wiltshire,  con- 

veys the  West  Saxon  alms  to  Rome 

158,  159 

08 

894 

blockades  the  Danes  at  Buttington    . 

168,169 

71 

898 

dies          

178,  179 

75 

655 

.^Ethelhere,  brother  of  king  Anna  of  East  Anglia,  slain 

51 

24 

897 

-3£thelhere,  a  Frisian,  slain      .... 

176,  177 

74 

750 

./Ethelhunx  aldorman,  contends  with  king  Cuthred  of 

Wessex        

80,  81 

42 

TEthelic.     See  Matilda. 

^Ethelm.     See  JEthelhelm. 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


24-5 


Pag 

esof 

A.D. 



i  ' 

k  ^ 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

982 

vEthelmser,  aldorman,  dies        

236 

103 

1013 

7Ethelma3r,  aldorman,  and  the  western  thanes,  submit 

°TO  271 

119 

800 

JEthelmund,  aldorman,  slain    

104,107 

51 

894 

-ZEthelnoth,  aldorman,  blockades  the  Danes 

168,  169 

71 

1020 

./Ethelnoth  (JEgelnoth),  archbishop  of  Canterbury  . 

286,287 

125 

1022 

goes  to  Rome  for  his  pall          .... 

286,  287 

125 

1  023 

consecrates  JElfric  archbisbop  of  York 

289 

126 

1023 

assists  in  removing  the  body  of  abp.  yElfheah    . 

288,  289 

126 

1038 

dies          

294,295 

130 

664 

./Ethelred   (JEthered),   brother  of  king  Wulfhere, 

assists  at  the  consecration  and  endowment  of 

58 

25 

G75 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  sends 

bishop  Wilfrith  to  Rome       .... 

58,59 

31 

676 

ravages  Kent    ....... 

60,61 

32 

679 

battle  between  him  and  Ecgferth  of  Northumbria 

60,61 

33 

680 

confirms  Wulfhere's  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

58 

31 

697 

his  queen  Ostryth  murdered      .... 

67 

37 

704 

becomes  a  monk       

68,69 

38 

716 

buried  at  Bardney    ...... 

70,71 

39 

774 

JEthelred,  son  of  MolLEthelwold,  kingt)f  Northumbria 

91 

45 

778 

expelled          ....... 

93 

46 

790 

restored            ....... 

99 

48 

792 

marries  JElflaed        ...... 

99 

48 

794 

slain  by  his  own  people    ..... 

100,  101 

49 

866") 
867  J 

vEthelred  I.  (JEthered),  king  of  Wessex  . 

1,  130,  131 

4,59 

868 

aids  Burhred,  king  of  Mercia    .... 

132,  133 

59 

871 

his  battles  with  the  Danes         .... 

138-141 

61,62 

871 

dies          .         .                  . 

140,  141 

62 

870 

^Ethelred    (JEthered),   archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

resolves  on  expelling  the  secular  priests  from 

Canterbury  ....... 

134,  137 

60 

8881 
889  / 

dies          ........ 

158,159 

68 

886 

./Ethelred,  aldorman  of  Mercia,  London  committed  to 

him      

156,  157 

67 

894 

sponsor  to  a  son  of  Haesten       .... 

168,169 

71 

894 

besieges  the  Danes  at  Buttington 

168,  169 

71 

912 

dies          ........ 

186,187 

78 

978 

^Ethelred  II.,  king  of  England    ..... 

232,  233 

100 

979 

consecrated      ....... 

234,  235 

101 

986 

lays  waste  the  diocese  of  Rochester  . 

238,239 

103 

992 

raises  a  fleet    

238,  239 

104 

993 

commands  TElfgar  to  be  blinded 

240,  241 

105 

993 

makes  peace  with  Olaf  (Anlaf) 

242,  243 

106 

9931 
994  J 

receives  him  at  confirmation     .         . 

240 
242,  243 

105 
106 

999 

prepares  an  armament  against  the  Danes 

248,249 

109 

1000 

lays  waste  Cumberland  and  Man 

248,  249 

110 

246 


CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text,  i    Transl. 

-ZEthelred  If.,  king  of  England  —  cant. 

1002 

makes  peace  with,  and  pays  tribute  to,  the  Danes 

250,251 

ill 

1002 

banishes  Leofsige  —  married  to  Emma 

252,  253 

111 

1002 

causes  the  Danes  to  be  massacred     . 

251,252 

111 

1006 

order  a  general  levy  from  Wessex  and  Mercia 

256,  257 

113 

1006 

goes  to  Shropshire,  and  resolves  on  peace  and 

paying  tribute       

256,257 

113 

1008 

orders  ships  and  arms       ..... 

258,259 

114 

1009 

orders  a  general  levy        ..... 

262,263 

115 

1011 

solicits  peace    ....... 

264,265 

116 

1013 

appoints  Lyfing  to  the  see  of  Canterbury 

270,271 

118 

1013 

besieged  in  London  by  Svein  .... 

270,271 

119 

1013 

sends  his  queen  to  Normandy  .... 

272,273 

119 

1013 

goes  to  Normandy   

272,273 

119 

1014 

recalled    

272,  273 

120 

1014 

ravages  Lindsey       .         .         .         . 

274,275 

120 

1014 

orders  a  contribution  of  £21,000  for  the  army 

at  Greenwich       

274,  275 

120 

1015 

seizes  the  property  of  Sigeferth  and  Morker     . 

274,275 

121 

1015 

falls  sick  at  Corsham        

276,277 

121 

1016 

dies  in  London         .....        -j 

277,278, 
279 

|    122 

588 

JEthelric,  king  of  Northumbria       .... 

35,35 

17 

1038 

-flCthelric,  bishop  of  Selsey,  dies       

294,295 

130 

1016 

JEthelsige,  abbot  of  Abingdon         .... 

284,  285 

124 

1018 

dies          

287 

125 

1061 

JEthelsige,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's 

329 

160 

836 

^Ethelstan,  king  of  Kent,  Essex,  Surrey,  and  Sussex 

118,119 

55 

851"! 

853  / 

defeats  the  Danes  at  Sandwich          .         .        -| 

120,121, 
122 

|     56 

883 

^Ethelstan,  sent  with  the  West  Saxon  alms  to  Eome 

152,153 

66 

9241 
925  J 

^Ethelstan,  king,  accession  of  

198,199 

85 

925 

marries  one  sister  to  the  emperor  Otho,  and 

another  to  Sihtric,  king  of  Northumbria 

199 

85 

926 

on  the  death  of  Sihtric  becomes  sole  monarch 

of  England           

199 

85 

927  1 
933  J 

expels  Guthfrith  from  Northumbria 

199 

85 

934 

invades  Scotland      ......      200,201 

85 

937 

defeats  Olaf  (Anlaf  )  and  Constantine  at  Brunan- 

200,  201 

86 

940 

208,  209 

89 

1010 

JEthelstan,  son-in-law  of  king  xEthelred,  slain 

262,263 

116 

1044 

./Ethelstan  Churchward,  abbot  of  Abingdon    .         .      300,  301 

134 

10461 
1047  J 

dies          

302,  305 

136,  137 

1055 

JEthelstan,  bishop  of  Hereford,  builds  the  monastery 

324 

157 

1056 

dies          

326 

158 

888  \ 
889  / 

^Ethelswith,  queen  of  Mercia,  dies  in  Italy      .        .      158,  159 

68 

CllliOlS  OLOG ICAL    INDEX. 


247 


A.I). 


Pages  of 


A.S.  text.  I    Transl. 


661 

828 
901 

904 
905 
905 

^Ethelwald,  king   of  Sussex,  receives  the  Isle  of 
Wight  from  king  Wulfhere 
./Ethelwald  (JEthelbald),  bishop,  dies 
JEthelwald  setheling,  revolts,  and  is  received  as  king 
by  the  Northumbrians           .... 
invades  England       
excites  the  East  Anglians  to  hostility 

54,55 
114,  115 

178,179 
180,181 
180,181 
182,  183 

29 
53 

75 
76 
76 
76 

994 

JEthelweard,  aldorman,  sent  to  king  Olaf  (Anlaf  )  to 

242,  243 

106 

1001 
1016 

1017 

^Ethelweard,  king's  high  reeve,  slain 
-^Ethelweard,  son  of  JEthelwine  (JSthelsige),  slain  at 
Assandun     
JEthelweard,  son  of  ^Ethelmser,  slain  by  order  of 
Cnut    

249 
283,  283 
284,  285 

110 
123 
124 

1020 
972 

JEthelweard,  aldorman,  outlawed  by  Cnut 
^Ethelwine,  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medesham- 

286,  287 
221 

125 
95 

992 
1018 
737 

8881 
889  J 

823 
836 
836 

dies          ........ 
-ZEthelwine,  abbot  of  Abingdon        .... 
-flSthelwold,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  dies  .         . 

-^Ethelwold,  aldorman,  dies      

JEthelwold.     See  Athelwold. 
TEthelwulf,  sent  into  Kent  by  Ecgberht,  his  father 
succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Wessex 
gives  Essex,  Surrey,   and   Sussex  to  his  son 

238,  239 

287 
77 

158,  159 

110,111 
117,118 

118,  119 

104 
125 
40 

68 

53 
54 

55 

840 
851 

8531 
854  J 
8531 
854  J 
853  1 
854  f 

defeated  by  the  Danes  at  Charmouth  (Carrum) 
defeats  the  Danes  at  Ockley     .... 

subdues  North  Wales  "     

sends  his  son  jElfred  to  Home 
gives  his  daughter  to  Burhred,  king    of  the 

120,  121 
121,122 

122,  123 
122 

124 

55 
56 

57 
57 

57 

8551 
856  J 
855  1 

grants  a  tenth  of  his  land  to  the  church    . 

124,  125 
124,125 

57 
57 

856  J 

855  1 

124,  125 

57 

856  J 
855  1 
856  / 
860 
871 

dies  —  his  genealogy          . 
JEthelwulf,  aldorman  of  Berkshire,  defeats  the  Danes 

1,126,  127 

129,  130 
136,  137 

4,57 

58 
61 

901 
1034 
1057 
1067 

JEthered,  king  of  Wessex.     See  ^Ethelred  I. 
^Ethered,  archbishop  of  Canterbury.    See  ^Ethelred. 
-<Ethered,  aldorman  of  Devonshire,  dies  . 
-ZEtheric,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  dies 
Agatha,  mother  of  Eadgar  setheling 
takes  refuge  in  Scotland  .... 

180,  181 
292,  293 
328 
340 

75 
129 
159 
171 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

1 

Transl. 

680 
911 
651 
283 
1116 
1125 
766 
780 
765 
774 
788 

709 

729 

727 
731 

1127 
1061 
1070 

1107 
1124 
1123 
1125 
1130 

1137 
799 
1087 

778 
780 
789 
978 
852 

765 
774 
883  1 
887  I 
888  }• 
889  I 
890J 

798 
1123 

Agatho,  pope,  his  letter  to  king  ^Ethelred  of  Mercia 
Agmund  hold,  slain         
Aidan,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  dies    .... 
Alban,  St.,  martyred       
Alban's,  St.,  abbey  of,  consecrated  .... 
abbot  of,  goes  to  Kome     ..... 
Alchmund,  bishop  of  Hexham         .... 
dies         
Alchred,  king  of  North  umbria         .... 
expelled  
Aldberht,  abbot,  dies       ...... 
Aldfrith,  king  of  Northumbria.     Sec  Ealdferth. 
Aldhelm,  bishop  of  Westwood  (Sherborne),  dies 
Aldhelm,  ancestor  of  Ceolwulf        .... 
Aldred,  bishop  of  Worcester.     See  Ealdred. 
Aid  wine,  bishop  of  Lichtield,   assists  at  the  con- 
secration of  archbishop  Tatwine  . 
Aldwulf,  bishop  of  Rochester          .... 
assists  at  the  consecration  of  archbishop  Tat- 

58 
184,185 
50,51 
16 
371 
377 
91 
95 
91 
91 
97 

68,  69 
74,75 

7  7 
75 

77 

377 
328 

344 

368 
376 
375 

377 

380 
382 
105 

356 
93 
95 
99 
232 

123 
91 
91 

153,  154 
158,  159 
158,  159 
158,159 

28 
105 

375 

31 
78 
24 
10 
213 
222 
45 
47 
45 
45 
48 

38 
40 

40 
39 

40 

223 
161 

175 
210 
221 
219 
222 

227 
230 
50 

190 
46 
47 

48 
100 

56 
45 
45 

G6 
68 
68 
68 

15 

51 

219 

Aldwulf,  abbot.     See  Ealdulf. 
Alein  Fergant,  count  of  Brittany     .... 
Alexander  II.,  pope         .... 

confirms  the  supremacy   of   Canterbury   over 
York   

Alexander,  king  of  Scotland   

dies          

Alexander,  bishop  of  Lincoln  . 
goes  to  Rome  

assists    at    the  consecration   of   Christclmrch 
Canterbury,  and  Rochester  cathedrals  . 
imprisoned  by  king  Stephen     .... 
Alfhun,  bishop  of  Dunwich,  dies    .... 
Alfonso  (Anphos),  king,  drives  the  infidels  from 

Alfwold,  king  of  Northumbria         .... 
sends  to  Rome  for  a  pall  for  archbishop  Eanbald 
slain  by  Sicga  . 

Alfwold,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  dies  .... 
Alhhun,  bishop  of  Worcester,  attests  a  charter  to 
Medeshamstede    . 

Alhred,  king  of  Northumbria        .... 
deposed  

Alms  (West  Saxon)  sent  to  Rome                           J 
Aloe,  ancestor  of  Ida 

Alric,  son  of  Heardberht,  slain  at  Whalley     . 
Amauri  (Hamalri)  of  Montfort,  count  of  Evreux,  at 
war  with  Henry  I  

CHRONOLOGICAL   1 SDKX, 


249 


A.D. 



Pages  of 
A.S.  text.     Transl. 

1124 

Amauri,  steward  of  the  king  of  France,  captured     .          375 

220 

884 

Amiens,  occupied  by  the  Danes       .         .         .         .      152,  153 

66 

875 

Amund,  a  Danish  king    .....         v     144,  145 

63 

Ancarig.     See  Thorn  ey. 

4771 
893  J 

Andred,  wood  or  forest  of       ....        -] 

I      loz,  Ibo 

13 

69 

491 

Andredesceaster,  destroyed  by  JElle         .         .         .24,  25 

13 

1130 

Andrew,  St.,  monastery  of,  at  Rochester,  consecrated         380 

227 

Angeltheow,  ancestor  of  Penda       .... 

42 

21 

„               „         ofOffa           .... 

86 

44 

Angewit,  ancestor  of  Ida       .         .         .         .         .            28 

15 

-14  (J 

Angles,  arrive  in  Britain,   and  fight  against  the 

Picts    

20,  21 

11,12 

Angles  (East).     See  East  Anglia. 

Angles  (Middle).     See  Middle  Angles. 

Anjou,  counts  of.     See  Fulk,  Geoffrey,  Henry. 

Anlaf.     See  Olaf. 

654 

Anna,  king  of  the  East  Angles,  slain 

50,51 

24 

Anphos.     See  Alfonso. 

1093 

Anselni,  archbishop  of  Canterbury  .... 

359 

196 

1095 

receives  his  pall  from  the  legate  Walter     . 

362 

200 

1097 

leaves  England         ...... 

363 

202 

1100 

recalled  by  Henry  I.         .         . 

365 

204 

1100 

marries  Henry  I.  and  Matilda  .         .         .         .  1       365 

204 

1102 

holds  a  synod  .         .         .         .         .         .         .  '       366 

206 

1103 

goes  to  Rome  366 

206 

1109 

dies          369 

210 

1125 

laws  of,  sanctioned  .         .         .         .         .         .  i       376 

222 

1115 

Anselm,  abbot  of  St.   Eadmund's,  brings  the  pall 

for  archbishop  Ralph   .         .         .         .         .          371 

213 

1123 

goes  to  Rome  with  archbishop  William    . 

374 

219 

137 

13 

9 

Anwend.     See  Amund. 

Arcenbryht.     See  Erkenberht. 

1} 

Archelaus,  son  of  Herod          ..... 

6,7 

6 

1094 

Argences,  castle  of,  taken  by  Count  Robert  of  Nor- 

mandy         .         

360 

197 

Armenia  (Armorica),  Britons  derived  from     . 

3 

5 

8871 
888  J 

Arnulf,  king  of  Germany        ..... 

156,  157 

68 

891  \ 
892  J 

defeats  the  Danes     160,  161 

69' 

1070 

Arnulf,  count  of  Flanders,  slain       .         .         .         .      344,347 

177,178 

I                                                                                                i 

1041 

Aruwi,  abbot  of  Peterborough         ....         299 

133 

1052 

resigns    321 

153 

1102 

Arundel,  castle  of,  besieged  by  Henry  I.           .         .         366 

205 

871 

Asbiorn  jarl,  slain   ......               138,  139 

62 

1069 

Asbiorn  jarl,  lands  and  plunders  York,  etc.    .         .      342,  343 

174 

1070 

comes  to  Ely    .......          345 

176 

87! 

Ashdown,  battle  at          137,  138 

61 

250 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

'Z.S.  text.      Transl? 

1016 

Assanduii  (Assingdon  ?),  battle  at  . 

282,  283 

123 

1020 

monastery  founded  there  by  Cnut    . 

286,  287 

125 

910 

Asser,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  dies      .... 

182,  183 

77 

1121 

Athelis  (Adela),  married  to  Henry  I.       ... 

373 

216 

961 

Athelmod,  priest,  dies  at  Rome        .... 

220 

93 

884 

Athelwold,  bishop,  dies.     (See  note.') 

152,  153 

66 

963 

Athelwold,  bishop  of  Winchester    .... 

220 

93 

(963) 

expels  the  secular  priests  ..... 

220 

93 

(963) 

restores  Ely  and  Medeshamstede 

220 

93 

(963) 

attests  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

221 

95 

984 

dies         

236,  237 

103 

903 

Athulf,  aldorman,  dies    

180,  181 

75 

963 

Athulf,  bishop,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

221 

95 

1130 

Audoenus  (Owen),  bishop  of  Evreux,  assists  at  the 

consecration    of  Christchurch    Canterbury, 

and  Rochester  cathedrals      .... 

380 

227 

597 

Augustine,  St.,  arrives  in  Britain    .... 

37 

18 

601 

receives  the  pall  from  pope  Gregory 

36,37 

18 

604 

consecrates  two  bishops,  Mellitus  and  Justus    . 

36,37 

18 

605  "1 
606  J 

38,39 

18 

B. 

694 

Baccanceld  (Bapchild),  council  at  . 

66 

36 

Badewulf,  bishop.     See  Baldwulf. 

Bseldseg,  ancestor  of  Ida  and  Cerdic 

1,28 

3,  15 

871 

Bagssee,  a  Danish  king,  slain  ..... 

137,  138 

61 

924 
823 

Bakewell  (Badecanwylla),  a  fortress  erected  there  . 
Baldred,  king  of  Kent,  driven  across  the  Thames     . 

196 
110,111 

84 
53 

1037 

Baldwine  V.,   count   of  Flanders,   receives   queen 

294,  295 

130 

1045  \ 
1046  / 

receives  earl  Swegen        ..... 

303 

137 

1049\ 
1050  J 

at  war  with  the  emperor  Henry  III. 

308 

138 

1065 

receives  earl  Tostig  and  his  wife     . 

332,  333 

163 

10701 
1071  / 

Baldwine  VI.,  count  of  Flanders,  dies 

344,  347 

177,178 

1111 

Baldwine  VII.,  count  of  Flanders    .... 

369 

211 

1117 

invades  Normandy  

371 

214 

1118 

mortally  -wounded    ...... 

372 

214 

1119 

dies          ........ 

372 

216 

1098 

Baldwine,  abbot  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  dies 

364 

202 

1135 

Baldwin   de  Redvers,  holds  Exeter    against  king 

Stephen        

382 

230 

791 

Baldwulf  (Beadowulf,  Badewulf),  bishop  of  Whit- 

erne     

99 

48 

795 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  king  Eardwulf     . 

103 

49 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


251 


AD 

Page 

s  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

547 
993 
1095 

11:24 
669 
577 
9721 
973  J 
1013 
1088 
1087 

Bamborough  (Bebbanburh),  built  by  king  Ida 
pillaged  by  the  Danes       
besieged  and  taken  by  William  II.  . 
Bapchild.     See  Baccanceld. 

Barley,  high  price  of               .         . 
Bass,  a  priest,  builds  a  monastery  at  Reculver 
Bath,  taken  by  Cuthwine  and  Ceawlin    . 

king  Eadgar  consecrated  there 

occupied  by  king  Svein    ..... 
plundered  by  insurgents            .... 
Battle  abbey,  founded      ...... 

28,  29 
240,  241 
361 

376 
56,57 
32,33 

224,  225 

270,  271 
357 
354 

15 
105 
199 

220 
30 
17 

96 

119 
192 

188 

1094 
614 

734 

consecrated      ....... 
Beamdun  (Beandun),  battle  at          .... 
Bebbanburh.     See  Bamborough. 

Beda,  dies       ........ 

360 
38,39 

76,77 

197 
19 

40 

571 
919 
921 

482 

Bedford  (Bedcanford),  battle  at       .... 
taken  and  fortified  by  king  Eadward  the  Elder 
garrison  of,  defeats  the  Danes           .         .         . 

32,33 
192 
194 
23 

16 
81 
82 
13 

509 
1087 
983 
1022 

dies          ........ 
order  of,  prevalent  in  England 
Benedict  VII.,  pope,  dies         .        . 
Benedict  VIII.,  pope,  consecrates  JEthelnoth  arch- 

27 
355 
236 

286,287 

14 
189 
103 

125 

1058 

1059 
911 

Benedict  X.,  pope,  sends  the  pall  to  Stigand,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury   ..... 
expelled  ........ 

328,329 
328,  329 

184,  185 

160 
160 

78 

894 

571 

777 
888  \ 
889  1 

Benfleet,  or  South  Bamfleet  (Beamfleot),  fortress 
erected  there  by  Ilacsten        .... 

Benoc,  ancestor  of  Ida     ...... 
Bensington,  taken  by  king  Cuthwulf 
battle  there,  between  kings  Cynewulf  and  Offa 
Beocca,  aldorman,  conveys  the  West  Saxon  alms 

166,167 
28 
32,33 
92,93 

158,159 

71 

15 
17 
45 

68 

777 
710 

897 
690 

Beonna,  abbot  of  Medeshamstede,  lease  granted  by 
Beorhtfrith,  aldorman,  fights  with  the  Picts     . 

Beorhtric.     See  Byrhtric. 
Beorhtulf,  aldorman  of  Essex,  dies  .... 
Beorhtwald  (Brihtwald),  the  first  native  archbishop 

92,93 
68,69 

174,175 
64,  65 

46 
38 

73 
35 

693 
693 
694 
727 
731 
851 
780 

consecrated      ....... 
consecrates  Tobias  bishop  of  Rochester    . 
assists  at  the  council  at  Baccanceld  (Bapchild) 
consecrates  Aldwulf  bishop  of  Rochester  . 
dies          
Beorhtwulf,  king  of  Mercia,  defeated  by  the  Danes  . 
Beorn,  aldorman,  burnt  by  the  Northumbrians 

67 
67 
66 
75 
74,75 
120,121 
93 

36 
36 
36 
39 
40 
56 
46 

252 


CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


\  1) 

Pag 

.'S  Of 

-iV.ly. 

A.S.  text, 

Transl. 

1046  "1 
1048  J 

Beorn,  earl,  opposes  earl  Swegen    .... 

307 

138 

1049  1 

307,  308 

140,  141 

1050  / 

Beorngar.     See  Berenger. 

8  '.10  | 

Beornhelm,  abbot,  sent  with  the  West  Saxon  alias  to 

891  / 

Rome  .                  

158,159 

68 

801  1 
802  J 

Beornmod,  bishop  of  Rochester        .... 

106,  107 

51 

755 

Beornred,  king  of  Mercia,  deposed  . 

86,87 

44 

897 

Beornulf,  wick-reeve  of  Winchester,  dies 

174,  175 

73 

823 

Beornwulf,  king  of  Mercia,  defeated  by  Ecgberlit  at 

1  '  0,  1  1  1 

53 

8  2-  '5 

slain  by  the  East  Angles           .... 

110,  111 

53 

887 

Berenger  (Beorngar),  king  of  Lombardy 

158,  159 

68 

684 

Berht  (Briht),  aldorman,  invades  the  Scots 

63 

34 

699 

slain  by  the  Picts     

67 

37 

1088 

Berkeley,  district  of,  plundered  by  Robert  of  Mon- 

bray  and  Geoffrey,  bishop  of  Coutances 

357 

192 

1123 

Bernard,  bishop  of  St.  David's,  assists  at  the  conse- 

cration of  archbishop  William  Curboil 

374 

219 

1123 

accompanies  him  to  Rome      .           ... 

374 

219 

1130 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  Christchurch  Can- 

terbury, and  Rochester  cathedrals 

380 

227 

501 

Bieda,  son  of  Port,  arrives  in  Britain 

24,25 

13 

Biorn.     See  Beorn. 

671 

Birds,  great  destruction  of       

56;57 

30 

Birinus.     See  Byrinus. 

627 

Blecca,  first  Christian  convert  in  Lindsey 

45 

21 

1063 

Blethgent,  brother  of  Griffith,  made  prince  of  Wales 

330 

162 

685 

63 

34 

1098] 

I 

364 

202 

1100  I 

springs  of,  in  Berkshire                                       < 

364 

203 

1103  J 

[ 

366 

206 

627 

Boniface,  pope         .                  

45 

21 

678 

Bosa,  bishop  of  Deira      

61 

33 

685 

dies         

63 

34 

654 

Botulf,  founds  a  monastery  at  Icanho 

50,51 

24 

785 

Botwine,  abbot  of  Ripon,  dies          .... 

97 

47 

Boulogne,  counts  of.     See  Eustace  II.  and  Eustace 

III. 

876 

Bracelet  or  Ring  (Beah),  Danish  oath  on  the.     (See 

note)     ........ 

144,  145 

63 

910 

Bramsbury,  or  Bramsby  (Bremesburh),  fortified  by 

^Ethelfloed  

184,  185 

77 

Brand,  or  Brond,  ancestor  of  Ida  and  Cerdic    . 

1,28 

3,15 

1066 

Brand,   abbot  of  Peterborough,   sent   to   offer   the 
crown  to  Eadgar  cetheling  ;  but  reconciled  to 

William  I  

337 

170 

1069 

dies          

343 

174 

916 

Brecknock  (Brecenanmere),  taken  by  JEthelflsed    . 

190,  191 

80 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


253 


A    T) 

Page 

s  of 

,/i.t  .!-/• 

A.  S.  text. 

Transl. 

759 

Bregowine,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 

88,89 

44 

702 

dies          ........ 

89 

44 

Bretwalda.     See  Brytenwalda. 

1068 

Brian  (Breon),  earl,  repulses  the  sons  of  Harold       .  j 

342 

173 

1127 

Brian,  son  of  count  Alein  Fergant,  attends  the  em- 

press Matilda  to  Normandy 

377 

223 

912 

Bridgenorth  (Bricg),  burgh  at,  built  by  ^Ethelflsed  . 

186,187 

78 

1102 

the  castle  taken  by  Henry  I  

366 

206 

j 

Briht.     See  Berht. 

1033 

Brihteh,  bishop  of  Worcester  

292 

129 

1038 

dies          

295,296 

131 

963 

Brihtnoth,  abbot  of  Ely  

220 

93 

* 

963 

Brihtnoth  (Beorhtnoth),  alderman  .... 

221 

95 

991  1 
993  / 

slain  at  Maldon         j 

238,  239, 
240 

104 
105 

1009 

Brihtric,  accuses  Wulfnoth  child     .... 

260,  261 

114 

1009 

fails  in  his  expedition  against  him    . 

260,  261 

114 

1017 

Brihtric,  son  of  jEJfheah,  slain  by  order  of  Cnut 

284,  285 

124 

Brihtwald,  abp.  of  Canterbury.     See  Beorhtwald. 

1006 

Brihtwold,  bishop  of  Sherborne        .... 

255 

113 

10431 
1045  y 

dies          / 

301,  302, 

1    134 

1046  J 

303 

J 

1088 

Bristol,  pillaged  by  Robert  of  Munbray  . 

356 

191 

Britain,  description  of     ...... 

3 

5 

60  B.C. 

subdued  by  Julius  Crcsar          .... 

4,5 

6 

A.D-1 

46  I 
47  J 

„       by  Claudius         

10,11 

8 

461 
47/ 

nearly  lost  by  Nero  

11 

8 

189 

invaded  by  Severus,  who  builds  a  wall  from  sea 

to  sea  ........ 

14,15 

9 

1065 

Britford,  earl  Tostig  with  king   Eadward  the  Con- 

fessor, at      ....... 

332 

162 

1002 

Britius,  St.,  massacre  of  the  Danes  in  England  on  1 

251,  252, 

1 

his  day          ......         J 

253 

J 

189 

Britons,  Brito-  Welsh,  converted  to  Christianity 

14,  15 

9 

443 

apply  to  the  Angles  for  aid  against  the  Picts  ; 

their  wars  with  the  Saxons  .... 

18,  19 

11 

605  \ 

Brocmail    (Scrocmail,    Scromail),  a  British  chief, 

606  J 

put  to  flight          ...... 

38,39 

19 

Brond.     See  Brand. 

664 

Brordan,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede' 

53 

;      28 

777 

Brordan,  aldormau,  his  grant  to  Medeshamstede 

92 

46 

937 

Brunanburb,  battle  of      

200,  201 

86 

1023 

Bryhtwine,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  assists  in  removing 

the  body  of  archbishop  JElfheah   . 

288 

126 

Brytenwalda  (Bretwalda),  the  eight  Brytenwaldas 

enumerated  ....... 

112,  113 

53 

915 

Buckingham  (BuccingahAm),  fortified  by  king  Ead- 

ward tbe  Elder     ...... 

190,191 

80 

254 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



1      Pa5 

A.S.  text. 

es  of 
Transl. 

1094 

Bures,  castle  of,  taken  by  William  II       ... 

360 

197 

652 

Burford,  battle  at,  between  Cuthred  and  ^Ethelbald 

80,81 

42 

822 

Burhhelm,  aldorman,  slain       

110,111 

53 

8531 

Burhred,  king  of  Mercia,  assisted  by  king  JEthel- 

854  J 

wulf,  reduces  North  Wales    .... 

122,  123 

57 

853 

marries  ^Ethelwulf's  daughter 

124,125 

57 

868 

applies  to  king  JEthered  and  JElfred  for  aid 

against  the  Danes         

132,  133 

59 

874 

driven  beyond  sea  by  the  Danes 

142,  143 

62 

874 

dies  and  lies  at  Home       

142,  143 

63 

1066 

Burton,  abbey  of,  held  by  abbot  Leofric 

337 

170 

685 

Butter  turned  to  blood     

63 

34 

894 

Buttington,  Danes  besieged  at          .... 

168,169 

71 

1039 

Byrhtmaer,  bishop  of  Lichfield,  dies 

296 

131 

784 

Byrhtric  (Beorhtric),  king  of  Wessex 

1,94,95 

3,47 

787 

marries  Eadburh,  daughter  of  king  Offa   . 

96,97 

47 

787 

first  landing  of  the  Northmen  in  his  reign 

96,97 

47 

800 

dies          

104,  105 

51 

905 

Byrhtsige,  son  of  Beorhtnoth,  slain 

182,  183 

76 

634 

Byrinus,  bishop  (of  Dorchester),  converts  the  West 

Saxons         

44,  45 

22 

635 
636 

baptizes  Cynegils,  king  of  Wessex   . 
and  king  Cwichelm           

46,47 
46,47 

22 

22 

639 

and  king  Cuthred     

46,47 

23 

650 

dies          

50,51 

24 

931 

Byrnstan,  bishop  of  Winchester       .... 

200 

85 

934 

dies          

200 

86 

c.    . 

1097 

Cadogan,  brother  of  Griffith,  chosen  prince  by  the 

Welsh          

363 

201 

1087 

Caen,  William  the  Conqueror  buried  in  St.  Stephen's 

at         

354 

188 

1119 

Calixtus  II..  pope,  holds  a  council  at  Rheims  . 

372 

215 

1124 

dies         

376 

221 

978 

Calne,  accident  at    

231 

99 

1010 

Cambridge,  burnt  by  the  Danes       .... 

264,265 

116 

1010 

Cambridgeshire  men,  valour  of  the  . 

262,263 

116 

915 

Cameleac,  bishop  of  Llandaff  ,  captured  and  ransomed 

188,189 

79 

754 

Canterbury,  burnt  

80,81 

42 

851 

taken  by  the  Danes  

120,121 

56 

1011 

betrayed  to  the  Danes  by  abbot  JElfmaer  . 

266,267 

117 

1087 

cathedral  at,  built  by  William  the  Conqueror    . 

355 

188 

1087 

disturbances  at,  on  account  of  Wido,  abbot  of 

387 



1130 

consecrated      

380 

227 

1065 

Caradoc,  son  of  Griffith,  destroys  Eadward  the  Con- 

fessor's hunting  seat  at  Portskewet 

330 

169 

Carl  (Charlemagne).     See  Charles, 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX, 


255 


A.D. 

Pag< 

(  A. 

A.S.  text. 

JS  Of 

Transl. 

1092 

Carlisle,  restored    by  William  IT.,   and  the  castle 

built     

359 

195 

Carloman.     See  Charles. 

1067 

Castles  built  by  William  the  Conqueror,  at  Notting- 

ham, York,  and  Lincoln        . 

342 

172 

897"] 

- 

174,  175 

73 

986  ' 

238,239 

103 

1041 

299 

133 

1046 

302 

136 

1049 

306 

138 

1054! 
1086  f 

Cattle,  pestilence  or  murrain  among  the     .        .     < 

i 

323 
353 

155 

187 

1103 

366 

206 

1111 

369 

211 

1115 

371 

213 

1125 

377 

222 

1131J 

L 

380 

228 

664 

Ceadda,  ordained  bishop          

56,57 

30 

633 

Ceadwalla,  king  of  Wales,  slays  king  Eadwine  and 

ravages  Northumbria    ..... 

44,45 

22 

685 

Ceadwalla,  king  of  Wessex  —  his  genealogy     , 

1,  62,  63 

3,34 

686 

his  donation  to  Medeshamstede          ...            63 

35 

686 

ravages  Kent  and  the  Isle  of  Wight          .         .62,  63 

35 

687 

again  ravages  Kent           

62,63 

35 

688 

baptized  and  dies  at  Rome 

64,65 

35 

785 

Cealchyth  (Chalk  ?),  synod  at          .... 

96,97 

47 

556 

Ceawlin,  fights  with  the  Britons  at  Banbury   . 

30,31 

15 

560 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Wessex 

30,31 

15 

568 

fights  with    and  defeats  king   ^Ethelbryht   of 

Kent    

32,33 

16 

577 

defeats  the  Britons  at  Derham 

32,33 

17 

584 

„           „         at  Fethanleag     . 

34,35 

17 

592 

expelled           

34,35 

17 

593 

dies          .         .        .        .         . 

34,35 

17 

the  second  Brytenwalda  

112,113 

53 

430 

Celestine  L,  pope,  sends  Palladius  to  the  Scots 

18,19 

11 

Celrn,  ancestor  of  the  West  Saxon  kings  . 

2 

4 

661 

Cenbyrht,  father  of  Ceadwalla,  dies 

54,  55 

29 

Cenhelm  (Kenelm),  succeeds  his  father  Cenwulf 

— 

52  note. 

6741 
675  J 

Cenfus,  father  of  JEscwine,  king  of  the  West  Saxons 

58 

31 

Cenred,  father  of  king  Ine  (geneal.)        .        .         .           2 

4 

702  \ 
704  / 

Cenred,  king  of  Mercia  67,  68,  69 

38 

709 

'     goes  to  Rome  and  dies  there     .         .         .         .        68,  69 

38 

716 

Cenred,  king  of  Northumbria           .... 

70,71 

38 

Censerie.     See  Tenserie. 

676 

Centwine,  king  of  Wessex       1,60,61 

3,32 

6821 
683  J 

defeats  the  Britons  ...... 

60,61 

34 

905 

Cenulf,  Cenwulf,  abbot,  slain    . 

182,  183 

76 

Cenulf,  bishop.     See  Kenulf. 

256 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.text.  1    Transit 

6421 

G43J 

CVnwalh  (Kcnwealh),  king  of  Wessex     . 

1,40,48 

3,  23 

642  1 
643] 

luilds  the  old  church  at  Winchester 

48,49 

23 

0441 
645  J 

expelled  by  Penda,  king'of  Mercia  . 

48,  49               23 

baptized  i     48,  -19               23 

048                grants  land  to  his  nephew  Cuthred    .         .         .        48,  49              24 

052")                                                                                                      f        50,51               24 

058  1             battles  of          .          .     .    .         .         .          .         -i  i     54,  55               20 

GG1  J                                                                                                           [       54,  55                29 

672     ;           dies           56,  57     ;         30 

796     j  Cenwulf  (Cynulf,  Ceolwulf),  king  of  Mercia,  ravages 

Kent  and  captures  Eadbert  Pra?n  . 

102,103             49 

^j   •            dies          

110,111             52 

591     i  Ceol  (Ceolric),  king  of  Wessex        .... 

1,34,35         3,17 

805 

Ceolburh,  abbess,  dies     

106,  107             51 

1006 

Ceoleseg  (Cholsey),  the  Danes  at     . 

256                113 

897 

Ceolmund,  aldorman  of  Kent,  dies  .... 

174,175             73 

830 

Ceolnoth,  archbishop  of  Canterbury         .         .         .      114,115           54 

831 

receives  the  pall       114,  115  |         54 

870 

dies  at  Rome            137    ' 

|      GO 

709 

Ceolred,  king  of  Mercia  .         .         .         .         .         .        68,  69              38 

715   ' 

fights  with  king  Ine  at  Woddesbeorh        .         .        70,71              38 

716 

dies          70,71              38 

852 

Ceolred,  abbot  of  Medeshamstede,  lets  land  to  Wulfred         122               50 

Ceolwald,  son  of  Cuthwulf,  ancestor  of  the  West 

Saxon  kings          2                    4 

597 

Ceolwulf,  king  of  Wessex       1,34,  35  |      3,  17 

007 

fights  with  the  South  Saxons  .         .         .         .38,39              19 

731 

Ceolwulf,  king  of  Northumbria  —  his  genealogy       .        74,  75 

40 

737 

receives  the  tonsure  and  abdicates     .         .         .           77 

40 

700 

dies          

89 

44 

794 

Ceolwulf,  bishop  of  Lindsey,  departs  from  the  land  .      100,  101 

49 

796 

dies          .         

103 

50 

819 

Ceolwulf,  king  of  Mercia         110,111 

52 

821 

deprived  of  his  kingdom  110,111 

52 

874 

Ceolwulf,  a  king's  thane,  set  over  Mercia  by  the  Danes      142,  143 

63 

877 

retains  a  part  of  Mercia    !  146,147 

04 

851 

Ceorl,  aldorman,  defeats  the  Danes  at  Wicganbeorh  |  120,121   1         50 

495 

Cerdic,  and  his  son  Cynric,  arrive  in  Britain  —  their 

genealogy    

1    24,25           3.  13 

508 

fight  with  and  slay  Natanleod 

26,27 

14 

5  1  9 

establish  the  kingdom  or  the  West  Saxons,  or 

I 

Wessex        

26,27               14 

527 

fight  with  the  Britons  at  Cerdicslea  . 

26,27 

14 

530 

take  the  Isle  of  Wight      

26,27 

14 

534 

Cerdic  dies      

9fi    97 

14 

812 

Charles  (Charlemagne),  dies  108,109 

52 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


257 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

8551 

Charles  the   Bald,  gives  his   daughter,   Judith,  in 

856  J  i              marriage  to  king  TEthelwulf 

124,  125 

5? 

8851 
886  J 

Charles  (Carloman),  killed  by  a  boar 

154,155 

66 

8871 
888  J 

Charles  the  Fat,  dies       

156,  157 

68 

1119 

Charles,  count  of  Flanders,  son  of  St.  Cnut,  king  of 

Denmark      ..... 

372 

216 

1120 

makes  peace  with  Henry  I. 

372 

216 

1127 

assassinated  in  a  church  ..... 

377 

223 

964 

Chertsey,  secular  priests  expelled  from     .         .         .  ''  222,  223 

94 

1110 

the  new  abbey  there  begun       .         .         .         .          369              211 

980 

Cheshire,  ravaged  by  the  Northmen 

234 

102 

894 

Chester  (Legeceaster),  occupied  by  a  Danish  army 

170,171 

72 

907 

restored            ....... 

182,  183 

77 

879 

Chippenham,  occupied  by  the  Danes 

148,  149 

65 

913 

Chirbury,  burgh  at,  built  by  JEthelfloed  . 

186,187 

79 

1029 

Christchurch  Canterbury,  grant  by  Cnut  of  Sand- 

wich to         ....... 

290 

128 

10661 

J 

330 

165 

1067  J 

burnt        4 

340,  341 

171 

1130 

restored  and  consecrated  by  William,  archbishop 

of  Canterbury       ...... 

380 

227 

1070 

Christien,  bishop  of  Aarhus,  comes  to  Ely 

345 

176 

Christina.     See  Cristina. 

577 

Cirencester,  taken  by  Cuthwine  and  Ceawlin  . 

32,33 

17 

628 

Cynegils  and  Cwichelin  fight  and  make  a  treaty 

there  with  Penda          

44,45 

21 

879 

occupied  by  the  Danes     

148,  149 

65 

1020 

a  '  witenagemot  '  there     ..... 

286,287 

125 

916 

Ciricus,  St.,  his  festival  

190,191 

80 

477 

Cissa,  son  of  ./Elle,  lands  in  Britain 

22,23 

13 

491 

with  his  father  at  the  siege  of  Andredesceaster 

24,25 

13 

461 
47  J 

Claudius,  subdues  Britain  and  the  Orkneys 

10,11 

8 

922 

Cledauc,  king  of  North  Wales,  submits  to  Eadward 

the  Elder     

195 

84 

921 

Cledemuth,  fortified         

194,  195 

83 

101 

Clement  I.,  pope,  dies       ...... 

12,  13 

9 

964 

Clergy,   secular,  expelled   from  the  monasteries  of 

Winchester,  Chertsey,  and  Milton 

222,223 

94 

1001 

Clist,  Glistim  (Clist),  burnt  by  the  Danes 

251 

111 

7421 
822  j 

Clovesho,  a  synod  at      •{ 

79 
110,  111 

41 
53 

568 

Cnebba  aldorman,  slain  at  Wimbledon    . 

32,  33 

16 

Cnebba,  ancestor  of  Penda      ..... 

42 

21 

„          „           ofOffa          

86 

44 

1013 

Cnut,  son  of  Svein,  king  of  Denmark,  hostages  com- 

270,271 

118 

1014 

272,273 

120 

1014 

deserts  the  men  of  Lindsey,  sails  to  Sandwich,  and 

mutilates  his  hostages  .         .         .                  .     274,275 

120 

VOL,    II.                                                                                                                B 

258 


OHJIONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


Ay\ 

Pag 

es  of 

.Jv. 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Cnut  —  cont. 

1015 

ravages  Dorsetshire,  Wilts,  and  Somersetshire  . 

276,277 

121 

1016 

crosses  the  Thames  at  Cricklade,  and  marches 

with  Eadric  to  Warwickshire 

276,277 

121 

1016 

reduces  Northuinbria  and  causes  earl  Uhtred 

278,  279 

122 

1016 

creates  Eric  earl  of  Northumbria 

278,279 

122 

1016 

besieges  London       

277,  280 

123 

1016 

goes  up  the  Orwell  and  into  Mercia  . 

280,281 

123 

1016 

defeats  king  Eadmund  at  Assingdon 

282,  283 

123 

1016 

encounters  king  Eadmund  at  Olney,  and  makes 

peace   

282,  283 

124 

1017 

on  the  death  of  king  Eadmund,  becomes  sole 

king  of  England,  which  he  divides  into  four 

governments         ...... 

284,  285 

124 

1017 

banishes  Eadwig  setheling,  and  afterwards  orders 

him  to  be  slain,  and  many  others 

284,285 

124 

1017 

banishes  Eadwig,  '  king  of  the  churls  ' 

284,285 

124 

1017 

marries  JElfgifu  Emma    

284,285 

124 

1019 

goes  to  Denmark      

286,  287 

125 

1020 

returns     

286,287 

125 

1020 

holds  a  witenagemot  at  Cireneestej  . 

286,287 

125 

1020 

consecrates  a  monastery  at  Assingdon,  for  the 

souls  of  the  slain  there          .... 

286,  287 

125 

1021 

outlaws  earl  Thorkell        

286,287 

125 

1022 

goes  to  the  Isle  of  Wight          .... 

286,287 

125 

1023 

commits  Denmark  to  the  care  of  Thorkell,  and 

holds  his  son  as  a  hostage     .... 

288 

126 

1023 

permits  the  removal  of  the  body  of  archbishop 

JElfheah  from  St.  Paul's  to  Canterbury  . 

288 

126 

1025 

defeated  by  the  Swedes  at  the  Holm 

289 

127 

1028 

subdues  Norway  and  expels  king  Olaf      . 

290,291 

128 

10291 

returns  to  England  and  gives   the  haven   at 

1031  J 

Sandwich  to  Christchurch  Canterbury  . 

290,291 

128 

1031 

goes  to  Rome  

290,  291 

128 

1031 

invades  Scotland      

290,  291 

128 

10351 

dies          .... 

292  293 

J29 

1036  J 

1065 

his  laws  restored 

338 

163 

10751 
1076  J 

Cnut,  prince  of  Denmark,  invades  England    . 

348,349 

182 

1085 

king  of  Denmark,  his  designs  against  England 

rendered  abortive          

352 

185 

1087 

murdered 

356 

190 

1124 

Coinage,  debasement  of  

376 

220 

Coiners.    See  Moneyers. 

1001 

Cola,  a  king's  high  reeve,  defeated  at  Pennho  . 

250 

111 

921 

Colchester,  taken  from  the  Danes    .... 

194 

82 

921 

repaired  by  Eadward  the  Elder 

195 

83 

679 

Coldingham  (Coludesburh),  burnt 

61 

33 

664 

Colman,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  leaves  Ens-land 

54 

30 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


259 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

560 

Columba,  comes  to  the  Picts,  and  founds  the  monas- 

30,31 

16 

678^ 

r 

60,61 

33 

729 

74,75 

40 

892 

162,  163 

69 

905  , 

Comet             -^ 

182,  183 

77 

975  [ 

227,  228 

98 

995 

1 

242,  243 

106 

1066 

336 

165 

1097J 

363 

201 

Cona.     See  Henry  III.,  emperor. 

8831 
884  J 

Conde  (Cundoth),  occupied  by  the  Danes 

150,151 

66 

577 

Condidan,  a  British  king,  slain        .... 

32,33 

17 

577 

Conmaegl  (Commail),  a  British  king,  slain 

32,33 

17 

1140 

Constance,  daughter  of  Philip  I.,  king  of  France, 

married  to  prince  Eustace     .... 

384 

234 

926 

Constantine,  king  of  Scotland,  subjugated  by  king 

^Ethelstan    .                  

198 

85 

937 

defeated  by  him  at  Brunanburh 

200,  201 

86 

1039 

~j                                                                     C 

297 

131 

10431 
1044J 

>Corn,  high  price  of       .....        -I 

300,  301 

134 

1124 

376 

220 

1137 

J                                                                                    I 

382 

231 

813 

Cornwall,  or  West  Wales,  laid  waste  by  king  Ecg- 

berht    ........ 

108,  109 

52 

835 

joins  the  Danes  against  Ecgberht 

116,  117 

54 

997 

ravaged  by  the  Danes       ..... 

246,  247 

107 

1020 

Council  (Gemot,  Witenagemot),  at  Cirencester 

286,  287 

125 

10471 

309 

143 

1049  J 

1048 

at  Gloucester    .                 ..... 

315 

144 

1048") 

r 

316 

145 

1050 

312 

142 

at  London        •< 

315 

145 

1052 

) 

320,  321 

148,  150 

1055J 

I 

324,  325 

157 

1065 

at  Northampton  and  Oxford     .... 

332               162 

1123 

at  Gloucester  

374 

218 

10761 
-1082  J 

divers,  held  by  Lanfranc  

387 

— 

1066 

Coventry,  abbey  of,  founded  by  earl  Leofric     . 

337 

170 

1065 

Cradoc,   son   of  Griffith,  destroys  king   Eadward's 

332 

162 

Crespin.     See  William. 

593 

Crida  (Cryda),  king  of  Mercia,  dies 

34,35 

17 

626 

42 

21 

755 
1067 

ancestor  of  king  Offa        
Cristina,  sister  of  Eadgar  setheling,  takes  refuge  in 

86 

44 

340 

171 

1086 

takes  the  veil  at  Rumsey  ,       353 

187 

R  2 


260 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pag 

,  ' 
A.S.  text. 

es  of 
Transl. 

1041" 

f 

299 

133 

1044 

300,  301 

134 

1086 

353 

187 

1089 

358 

194 

1095 

362 

200 

1097 

363 

202 

1103 

36  G 

206 

1105  |>i  Crops,  failure  of,      •{ 

367 

208 

1110 

369               211 

1111 

369               211 

1116 

371 

213 

1117 

371 

214 

1124 

376 

220 

1125 

377 

222 

1137 

382 

231 

1112 
200 

Crops,  good    369 
Cross,  the  holy,  found     15 

211 
10 

883 

a  piece  of  it  sent  to  king  Alfred  by  the  pope  .      150,  1  51 

66 

773  \ 

774  J 

Cross,  seen  in  the  heavens       

90,91 

45 

806 

52 

1066 

Crowland  abbey,  given  to  abbot  Leofric  of  Peter- 

borough                  337 

170 

10961 

1128J 

Crusade  .       .        

3G2 
379 

200 
225 

Cuenburh.     See  Cwenburh. 

945 

Cumberland,  laid  waste  by  king  Eadmund,   and 

granted  to  Malcolm,  king  of  Scotland    .         .      212,  213 

90 

1000 
755 
568 

laid  waste  by  king  ^Ethelred    ....      248,  249 
Cumbra  aldorman,  slain  by  king  Sigebryht      .         .        82,  83 
Cutha,  brother  of  Ceawlin,  king  of  Wessex,  defeats 

111) 
42 

king  JEthelbryht           ...                          3->  33 

1  fi 

584 

slain         34  35 

17 

Cutha,  father  of  Ceolwulf        ....                 7475 

40 

656 

Cuthbald,  abbot  of  Medeshamstede  ....            53 

t\j 
29 

680 

attests  charter  to  his  abbey      .         .         .         .            59 

33 

685 

Cuthberht,  bishop  of  Hexham          ....            63 

34 

777 

Cuthbriht  aldorman,  lease  granted  to  him  by  the 

abbot  of  Medeshamstede          .... 

92 

40 

741 
742 

Cuthbryht  (Cuthberht),  archbishop  of  Canterbury  . 
assists  at  a  council  at  Clofesho 

78,79 
79 

-II 
41 

758 

dies          .... 

88,  89 

44 

718 

Cuthburh,  sister  of  king  Ine    . 

2,  70,  71 

4,  39 

718 

founds  the  abbey  at  Wimborne 

70,71 

39 

718 

married   to  Ealdferth,  king   of  Northumbria, 
but  separated  from  him 

72,73 

39 

639 

Cuthred  (king),  baptized  at  Dorchester  . 

46,47 

23 

648 

receives  lauds  from  his  kinsman,  king  Cenwalh 

48,49 

24 

661 

dies         .... 

54,  55 

740  1 

Cuthred,  king  of  Wessex,  his  wars  with  JEthelbald 

741  } 

ofMercia  .... 

1     7S    7Q 

9    41 

743 

fights  against  the  Welsh  with^thelbald  ofMercia        78,  79             41 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


261 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.  S.  text.     Transl. 

Cuthred,  king  of  Wessex  —  cont. 

750 

fights  with  vEthelhim  aldorman 

80,81 

4-2 

752 

defeats  JEthelbald  at  Burford 

80,81 

42 

753 

fights  against  the  Welsh           .... 

80,81 

42 

754 

dies          ........ 

80,  81 

42 

805 

Cuthred,  king  of  Kent,  dies     ..... 

106,  107 

51 

Cuthwine,  ancestor  of  Ceolwnlf      .... 

74,75 

40 

Cuthwine,  father  of  Cuthwulf  of  Wessex  (geneal.) 

2 

4 

577 

with  Ceawliu,  defeats  the  Britons     . 

32,33 

17 

571 

Cuthwulf  (Cutha)  —  his    genealogy  —  defeats  the 

Britons  at  Bedford—  dies      .... 

2,  32,  33 

4,  16 

389 

Cwantawic  (St.  Josse-sur-mer,  or  Estaples),  a  great 

slaughter  there     

118,  119 

55 

7  1  8        Cwenburh,  sister  of  king  Ine           . 

2,  70,  71 

4,39 

593        Cwichelm,  brother  of  Ceawlin,  dies 

34,35 

17 

614        Cwichelm,     son     of   king    Cynegils,   defeats    the 

Britons  with  his  father         .... 

38,39 

19 

626 

king   of  Wessex,    sends  an   assassin   to  king 

Eadwine      ....... 

42,43 

20 

628 

fights  with  Penda  of  Mercia  at  Cirencester 

44,45 

21 

636 

baptized  and  dies     ...... 

46,47 

22 

625 

Cycle  of  Dionysius,  of  what  it  consists    . 

42 

— 

477 

Cymen,  son  of  JEMe,  lands  in  Britain 

22,23 

13 

799 

Cynebryht,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons,  goes  to  Home 

104,  105 

51 

Cyneburh.     See  Kyneburh. 

611 

Cynegils,  king  of  AVessex       .         .         . 

1,  38,  39 

3,  19 

614 

fights  with  the  Britons  at  Bampton  (Beandun) 

38,39 

19 

628 

with  Penda  of  Mercia  at  Cirencester 

44,45 

21 

635 

baptized  at  Dorchester     ..... 

46,47 

22 

754 

Cyneheard,  bishop  of  Winchester     .... 

80,81 

42 

784 

Cyneheard  setheling,  slays  king  Cynewulf,  and  is 

"I  82,  83 

42 

1  94,  95* 

47 

Cyneswith.     See  Kyneswith. 

J     *^      ?  v  v 

Cynewald,  ancestor  of  Penda  

42 

21 

„             „         ofOffa      

86 

44 

964 

Cyneweard,  abbot  of  Milton    

222,  223 

95 

975 

bishop  of  Somerset  (Wells),  dies 

228 

97 

721   . 

Cynewulf  aetheling,  slain  by  king  Ine"     . 

72,73 

39 

737 

Cynewulf,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne      .... 

77 

40 

7801 
779/ 

95 

47 

7Q9 

95 

47 

/  O-5 

755 

Cynewulf—  his  genealogy  —  deposes  king  Sigeberht, 

and  becomes  king  of  Wessex 

1,  82,  83 

3,42 

777 

fights  with  Offa  of  Mercia  at  Benson 

92,93 

45 

784 

r 

82,83 
94,95 

42 
47 

778 
495 

93 
1,  24,  25 

46 
3,  13 

Cynric,  son  of  Cerdic,  lands  in  Britain     . 

495] 

[ 

24,25 

13 

508  I 
519  J 

his  battles  with  the  Britons 

26,27 
26,27 

14 
14 

262 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 
A.S.  text,  1    Transl. 

527^1 

Cynric  —  cont.                                                               . 

26,27 

14 

530  1 
552  f 

his  battles  with  the  Britons 

26,27 
28,29 

14 
15 

556j 

I 

30,31 

15 

534 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Wessex 

26,27 

14 

552 

28,  29 

15 

748 

Cynric,  setheling  of  the  West  Saxons,  slain     . 
Cynulf.     See  Cenwulf. 

80,81 

41 

D. 

603 

Dsegsanstan  (JEgesanstan),  battle  at       ... 

36,37 

18 

Dselreodi  (Dalreodi),  arrive  in  Britain    . 

5 

5 

603 

fight  against  JEgthan,  king  of  the  Scots  . 

36,37 

18 

7151 

714  ; 

Dagobert,  king  of  the  Franks,  dies 

71 

38 

787 

Danes  and  Northmen,  first  land  in  England    . 

96,97 

47 

793 

plunder  and  destroy  the  church  at  Lindisfarne 

101 

48 

794 

their  leader  slain  and  ships  wrecked  at  '  Done- 

101 

49 

832 

ravage  Shepey        ...... 

114,  115 

54 

833 

defeat  Ecgberht  at  Charmouth 

116,  117 

54 

835 

defeated  by  Ecgberht  at  Hengston    . 

116,117             54 

837 

defeated  by  Wulfheard  at  Southampton,    and 

defeat  JEthelhelm  at  Portland 

118,119            55 

8511 

defeated  at  Wicganbeorh  ;  winter  in  Thanet  ; 

853  J 

take  London  and  Canterbury  ;  defeat  Beorht- 

8531 
854  J 

wulf,  king  of  Mercia  ;  defeated  by  king  JEthel- 
wnlf  and^Ethelbald  at  Ockley  ;  defeated  by  sea 
fight  with  the  men  of  Kent  and  Surrey  in  Thanet 

120,  121 
124,125 

56 
57 

855 

winter  at  Shepey      

124,125 

57 

860 

take  Winchester,  and  are  defeated  by  Osric  and 

JEthelwulf  

128,  129 

58 

865  "] 
866  J 

winter  in  Thanet  and  ravage  Kent     . 

130,131 

59 

8661 

867  J 

winter  in  East  Anglia       

130,  131 

59 

8671 
868  J 

invade  Northumbria         ..... 

130,133 

59 

868 

winter  at  Nottingham,  and  make  peace  with 

Mercia         

132-135 

59 

869 

134  135 

60 

8701 

defeat  and  murder  king  Eadmund,  and  subdue 

871  J 

East  Anglia         

134,  135 

60 

871 

battles  with  them  by  king  JEthered  and  JElfred 
at  Englefield,  Heading,   Ashdown,  Basing, 

Merton         

136-140 

61,62 

872 

winter  in  London,  and  make  peace  with  the 

Mercians      

142,  143 

62 

873 

-winter  in  Lindsey    

142,  143 

62 

874 

subdue  Mercia    "     

142,  143 

62,63 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


263 


A.D. 

Pag 

BS  Of 

i  — 
A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Danes  and  Northmen  —  cont. 

875 

take  winter  quarters  by  the  Tyne,  and  proceed 

to  Cambridge       ...... 

144,  145 

63 

875 

defeated  at  sea  by  king  Alfred 

144,  145 

63 

876 

proceed  to  Wareham,  make  peace  with  JElfred, 

and  divide  Northumbria  among  them    . 

144,145 

63 

877 

defeated  by  ./Elfred,  and  divide  Mercia  among 

them    

146,147 

64 

878 

subdue  Wessex        

146,147 

64 

878 

defeated  by   -ZElfred,   and  their  standard,  the 

t  Raven,'  taken      .... 

146,  147 

64 

878 

defeated  by  Alfred  at  '  Ethandun'  —  their  king 

Guthorm  baptized         

148,  149 

65 

879 

march  to  Chippenham  —  a  body  of  vikings  at 

148,  149 

65 

880 

settle  in  and  divide  East  Anglia 

150,  151 

65 

880 

those  at  Fulham  proceed  to  Ghent    . 

150,  151 

65 

881  \ 
882  J 

—      advance  into  Prance    . 

150,151 

65,66 

883 

proceed  up  the  Scheldt  to  Conde 

150,  151 

66 

884 

„       up  the  Somme  to  Amiens     . 

152,153 

66 

885 

besiege  Rochester  —  raise  the  siege    . 

152,153 

66 

885 

defeat  Alfred's  fleet         

152,  153 

66 

886 

proceed  up  the  Seine  to  Paris,  and  winter  there 

156,  157 

67 

887 

pass  two  winters  on  the  Marne  and  the  Yonne 

156,157 

67 

8901 
891  / 

defeated  by  the  Bretons  at  St.  L6     . 

160,161 

68 

8911 

defeated  by  the  Franks,  the  Old  Saxons,  and 

892  / 

the  Bavarians        ...... 

160,  161 

69 

893 

embark  at  Boulogne,  and  arrive  at  the  mouth 

of  the  Limen         

162,163 

69 

893-897 

their  battles  with  ^Elfred           .... 

162-179 

69-74 

894 

construct  a  fort  at  Shoebury     .... 

168,  169 

71 

895 

proceed  from  Wirral  to  North  Wales 

170,171 

72 

895 

.     and  thence  into  Essex       ..... 

172,173 

72 

896 

fortify  themselves  on  the  Lea  .... 

172,173 

73 

896 

destruction  of  their  ships          .... 

174,175 

73 

896 

proceed  to  Quatbridge      ..... 

174,  175 

73 

897 

separate  their  force,  some  going  to  East  Anglia, 

some  to  Northumbria,  some  to  the  Seine 

174,  175 

73 

902 

fight  with  the  Kentish  men  at  the  Holme 

180,  181 

75 

905 

their  land  in  East  Anglia  ravaged  by  Eadward 

the  Elder      

180,  181 

76 

906 

those  of  East  Anglia  and  Northumbria  make 

peace  with  king  Eadward  at  Yttingaford 

182,  183 

77 

910 

defeated  at  Tettenhall      

184,  185 

77 

911 

those  of  Northumbria  break  the  peace  and  are 

defeated       

184,  185 

77 

9141 
917J 

break  the  peace,  and  are  put  to  flight  at  Leighton 

188,189 

79 

9151 

cross  over  in  great  force  from  Brittany  —  go  to 

918  J 

South  Wales,  and  thence  to  Ireland 

188-191 

79-81 

264 


CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


A  ~n 

Page 

sof 

.^V.-Ly. 

A.S.  text. 

—  •» 
T  ran  si. 

Danes  and  Northmen  —  cont. 

921 

assault  Towcester,  but   are    repulsed  —  proceed 

to  Tempsford  and  construct   a  fortress  —  are 

defeated  with  great  loss  by  king  Eadward  — 

proceed  to  Maldon,  but  are  put  to  flight 

194 

82 

9211 

924  J 

submit  to  king  Eadward    .... 

195 
196,  197 

83 
83,84 

943 

storm  and  plunder  Tarn  worth  .... 

211 

89 

94.3 

their  leader  Olaf  (Anlaf)  embraces  Christianity 

211 

90 

980 

ravage  Cheshire  and  Thanet     .... 

234 

102 

981 

ravage  Padstow  and  the  west  coasts 

234 

102 

991 

defeat    and    slay  Byrhtnoth  aldorman,  near] 

238,239, 

1     104 

Maldon         / 

240 

/    105 

991 

tribute  first  paid  to  them           .... 

238,  239 

104 

992 

defeated  by  the  East  Anglian  and  London  ships 

240,  241 

104 

993 

plunder  Bamborough,  and  ravage  Lindsey  and 

Northumbria         

240,  241 

105 

994 

besiege  London,  and  winter  at  Southampton     . 

240-243 

105,  106 

997 

plunder  the  southern  and  western  coasts   . 

246,  247 

107 

998 

plunder  Dorsetshire,  the  Isle  of  Wight,  etc. 

246,  247 

108 

999 
1000 

enter  the  Thames  and  Medway,  and  ravage  Kent 
sail  to  Normandy     .         .                 ... 

248,  249 
248,249 

109 
110 

1001 

ravage  the  south  and  west  of  England 

248,  249 

110 

1002 

tribute  paid  to  them          

250,251 

111 

1002 

massacred  by  order  of  JEthelred 

251-253 

111 

1003 

ruin  Exeter,  and  plunder  Wilton  and  Salisbury 

252,  253 

111 

1004 

plunder  and  burn  Norwich,  and   invade  East 

Anglia  under  king  Svein    .         .         . 

253-255 

112 

1005 

their  fleet  returns  to  Denmark  .... 

254,255 

112 

1006 

arrive  at  Sandwich,  and  plunder  in  the  Isle  of 

Wight,  Reading,  etc  

256,  257 

113 

1007 

tribute  paid  to  them          

258,259 

114 

1009 

plunder  many  parts  of  England,  and  winter  in 

the  Thames  

262,  263 

115 

1010 

proceed  to  Ipswich,  defeat  Ulfkytel,  burn  Thet- 

ford,  Cambridge,  Notrhampton,  etc. 

262,  265 

116 

1011 

take  Canterbury,  and  capture  archbp.  ^Elfheah 

266,267 

117 

1012 

tribute  paid  to  them,  and  murder  by  them  of 

archbishop  JElfheah     

268,  269 

118 

1012 
1013 

forty  five  Danish  ships  go  over  to  king  JEthelred 
under  king  Svein  subdue  the  north  of  England, 

270,271 

118 

but  are  repulsed  at  London  .... 

270,271 

118 

1013 

subjugate  England  

270-273 

118,  119 

1014 

choose  Cnut  king,  on  the  death  of  Svein  . 

272,  273 

120 

1015 

ravage  divers  parts  of  England 

276,277 

121 

1016 

besiege  London         

280,281 

123 

1018 

tribute  paid  to  them  —  in  accordance  with  the 

English  at  Oxford,  for  king  Eadgar's  laws     . 

285,  286 

124,  125 

1070 
709 

in  league  with  Hereward,  plunder  Peterborough 
Daniel,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons 

345 

68,69 

176 

38 

721 

goes  to  Rome  . 

72,  73 

39 

731 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  archbishop  Tatv,  me 

77 

40 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


265 


A.I). 



Pages  of 
A.S.  text,      Transl. 

744 
745 

1124 
1126 
1127 

1135 
11,35 
1138 
1124 

909 
577 
917 
941 
10481 
1049  J 
1049 
823 
851 
878 
894 

8971 
981  V 
997  J 
1001 
655 
656 
664 
1092 
1085  "1 
1087  J 

84  \ 
83  j 

998  \ 
1015  J 
1048  1 
1052  J 
793 
693 
8911 
892  J 
833 
1048 

10601 
1061  J 
1093 

1094 
1097 

Daniel,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons  —  cont. 
resigns  his  see          ...... 
dies          ........ 
David,  king  of  Scotland,  accession  of 
visits  Henry  I.          ...... 
swears  to  secure  England  and  Normandy  to 
Matilda         
his  hostility  to  king  Stephen     .... 
invades  England,  but  makes  peace    . 
defeated  at  the  battle  of  the  Standard 
Dearth,  a  great         
Denulf,  bishop  of  Winchester,  dies  .... 
Deorham  (Dyrham),  taken  by  Cuthwine  and  Ceawlin 
Derby,  taken  by  ^Ethelflaed     
one  of  the  Five  burghs     ..... 

78,79 
80,81 
376 
377 

377 
382 
382 
383 
376 
182,183 
32,33 
190,191 
210,211 

304,  306 

306 
110,111 
120,  121 
146,  147 

166,167 
176,177 
234 
246,  247 
248,  249 
51 
52 
56,  57 
359 

353,  355 
12,  13 

246,247 
276,277 

312,313 

101 

67 

160,161 
116,117 

305 
328,  329 

360 
361 
363 

41 
41 
221 
222 

223 

230 
230 
232 
220 

77 
17 
80 
89 

137,  138 

138 
53 
56 
64 

70 
74 
102 
107 
110 
25 
25 
30 
195 

186,  189 
8 

108 
121 

144,  146 

48 
36 

69 
54 

139 
160,161 

196 
198 
202 

an  earthquake  at               .                 . 

Derbyshire,  damage  in,  by  -wildfire 
Devon,  men  of,  fight  with  the  Welsh 
with  the  Danes  at  Wembury    .... 
the  brother  of  Ingvar  and  llalfdan  slain  there  . 
invaded  by  the  Northumbrian  and  East  Anglian 

coasts  of,  ravaged  by  the  Danes       .        .         4 

Danes  land  at  Exmouth  ..... 
Deusdedit,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
counsels  the  founding  of  Medeshamstede  . 

Dolphin,  ruler  of  Cumberland,  expelled  by  William  II. 

Donald.     See  Dufenal. 
Dorsetshire,  invaded  by  the  Danes                           4 

Dover,  riot  at,  caused  by  count  Eustace  . 

Dryhthelm,  dies      
Dubslane,  an  Irish  pilgrim,  arrives  in  England 

Dudda  aldorman,  dies      
Duduc    (Dudoc),    bishop    of   Wells,   sent  to   the 
council  at  Rheims        ..... 

Dufenal   (Donald),  chosen   king  of  Scotland,  and 

recovers  his  throne  

expelled  . 

266 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.  text.      Transl. 

741 

Dun,  bishop  of  Rochester        ..... 

78,79 

41 

1093 

Duncan,  king  of  Scotland        

360 

196 

1094 

murdered  at  the  instigation  of  Donald  t    . 

361 

198 

925 

Dunstan,  born         

198 

85 

943 
957 

Glastonbury  bestowed  on  him  by  king  Eadmund 
banished  by  king  Eadwig 

210,211 
217 

90 
91 

959 

recalled  by  king    Eadgar,    and  receives   the 

bishoprics  of  Worcester  and  London     . 

218 

92 

961 

archbishop  of  Canterbury         .... 

218 

92 

978 

escapes  miraculously  at  Calne 

231 

99 

980 

removes  the  body  of  king  Eadward  from  Ware- 

ham  to  Shaftesbury      

234,  235 

102 

988 

dies         

238,  239 

103 

E. 

616 

Eadbald,  succeeds  ^Ethelberht,  king  of  Kent,  re- 

nounces the  Christian  faith,  but  is  regained 

thereto  by  archbishop  Laurentius 

40,41 

19 

633 

receives  queen  ^Ethelburh  and  bishop  Paulinus 

45 

22 

dies          

46,47 

23 

794 

Eadbald,  bishop,  leaves  the  country 

100,  101 

49 

656 

Eadberht  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

53 

28 

725 

Eadberht,  king  of  Kent  

72,73 

39 

748 

dies        

80,81 

41 

7371 
738  f 

Eadberht  (Eadbriht),  king  of  Northumbria      . 

77,78,79 

40,41 

757 

becomes  a  monk      

87 

44 

768 

dies         ........ 

90,91 

45 

794 

Eadbryht  (Eadberht)  Prsen,  king  of  Kent 

100,101 

49 

796 

captured  and  led  into  Mercia  .... 

102,  103 

49 

787 

Eadburh,  daughter  of  Offa,  married  to  Byrhtric  of 

Wessex        

96,97 

47 

8191 
822  / 

Eadbyrht  aldorman,  dies         

110,  111 

52 

952 

Eadelm,  abbot,  slain        

215 

91 

957 

Eadgar,  king  of  Mercia  

214,215 

91 

9581 
959  / 

succeeds  to  the  whole  kingdom 

216,217 

91 

959 

recalls  Dunstan,   arid  gives  him  the  sees   of 

.    Worcester  and  London  ; 

218 

92 

961 

and  the  archbishopric  of  Canterbury 

218 

92 

963 

endows  and  charters  Medeshamstede 

220 

92 

964 

expels  the  secular  clergy  from  several  monas- 

teries, and  substitutes  monks 

222,223 

94 

964 

marries  JElfthryth  

223 

95 

968 

ravages  Thanet        

223 

96 

973 

consecrated  king  at  Bath,  and  sails  to  Chester, 

where  six  kings  pay  him  homage 

224,  225 

96 

975 

dies         .... 

226,227 

97,98 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


267 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text.  ;    Transl. 

1066 

Eadgar  child,  or  aetheling,   grandson  of  Eadmund 

Ironside,  the  crown  offered  to  him 

338 

167 

1066 

accompanies  William  the  Conqueror  to  Normandy 

339 

170 

1067 

takes  refuge,  •with  his  mother   and  sister,   in 

Scotland      

340,  341 

171 

1068 

makes  a  treaty  with  the  insurgents  at  York, 

and  returns  to  Scotland         .... 

342,  343 

173 

1069 

joins  the  Danes  and  plunders  York  . 

342,  343 

174 

10741 
1075  J 

received  into  favour  by  William 

347,  348 

179,  180 

1075 

goes  again  to  Scotland,  and  as  invited  by  the 

king  of  France,  who  offers  him  Montreuil    . 

346 

179 

1086 

revolts  from  William        

353 

186 

1091 

deprived  of  his  lands  in  Normandy,  and  again 

takes  refuge  in  Scotland      .... 

359 

195 

1091 

mediates  between  the  kings,  William  and  Mal- 

colm of  Scotland           ..... 

359 

195 

1091 

reconciled  to  William  II.,  and  returns  to  Nor- 

359 

195 

1097 

aids  Eadgar,  son  of  Malcolm  of  Scotland  . 

363 

202 

1106 

captured  at  Tinchebray,  and  set  at  liberty  by 

• 

Henry  I  

368 

209 

1097 

Eadgar,  king  of  Scotland,  placed  on  the  throne  by 

Eadgar  se  the]  ing  .         .        .         ... 

363 

202 

1107 

dies          ........ 

368 

210 

1044  \ 

Eadgith,  daughter  of  earl  Godwine,  married  to  Ead- 

1043  J 

ward  the  Confessor       ..... 

301 

134 

1048  1 
1052  J 

deprived  of  her  property  and  sent  to  Wherwell  4 

314 

317 

146 
149 

1052 

reinstated  in  all  things     

320,  321 

151,152 

1075  \ 
1076  J 

dies          

348,  349 

182 

678 

Eadhed,  first  bishop  of  Lindsey       .... 

61 

33 

870 

Eadmund,  king  of  East  Anglia,  slain  by  the  Danes  . 

134,  135 

60 

937 

Eadmund  cetheling,  at  the  battle  of  Brunanburh 

200,  201 

86 

940 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  ..... 

208,  209 

89 

941  \ 

942  J 

subdues  Mercia        ...... 

208,  209 

89 

943 

besieges  Olaf  (Anlaf),  and  archbishop  Wulstan 

in  Leicester          ...... 

211 

90 

943 

receives  Olaf  (Anlaf)  andRsegenald  at  the  font 

210,211 

90 

943 

gives  Glastonbury  to  Dunstan  .... 

210,211 

90 

944 

subdues  Northumbria  and  expels  Olaf  (Anlaf) 

and  Rsegenald       

212,213 

90 

945 

ravages  Cumberland  and  grants  it  to  king  Malcolm 

212,213 

90 

946 

assassinated  by  Liofa  at  Pucklechurch     . 

212,213 

90 

970  \ 
972  J 

Eadmund  setheling,  son  of  king  Eadgar,  dies  . 

224,  225 

96 

1015 

Eadmund  Ironside,  son  of  .^Ethelred,  marries  the 

widow  of  Sigeferth,  and  takes  possession  of 

his  lands      ....... 

276,277 

121 

1015 

collects  an  army  in  vain  ..... 

276,277 

121 

268 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


\  I  ) 

Tag 

es  of 

J.X.  U  • 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Eadmuud  Ironside—  cont. 

1016 

joins  earl  Uhtred  in  Northumbria,  and  ravages 

Staffordshire,  Shropshire,  and  Chester 

278,279 

121 

1016 

chosen  king     

278,  279 

122 

1016 

fights  with  Cnut  at  Pen,  Sherston,  and  Brent- 

ford      

280,281 

122,  123 

1016 

goes  to  Kent    ....... 

282,  283 

123 

1016 

fights  with  Cnut  at  Assingdon 

282,  283 

123 

1016 

encounters  Cnut  at  Olney,  makes  peace,  and  dies 

283,  285 

124 

1012 

Eadnoth,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  receives  the  body  of 

archbishop  -ZElf  heah     ..... 

268,  269 

118 

1016 

slain  at  Assingdon  ...... 

282,  283 

123 

1048  1 
1049  J 

Eadnoth,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  dies 

307,  310 

140,  141 

1067 

Eadnoth,  stallere  (constable),  slain 

342 

173 

946 

Eadred,  king,  succeeds  his  brother  Eadmund,  sub- 

dues Northumbria,  and  receives  the  submis- 

sion of  the  Scots  

212,213 

90 

947 

receives  archbishop  Wulstan  and  the  Northum- 

brian <  witan  '  at  Taddenesscylf    . 

213 

90 

948 

ravages  Northumbria        ..... 

213 

90 

952 

imprisons  archbishop  Wulstan  at  Jedburgh,  and 

orders  a  great  slaughter  at  Thetford 

215 

91 

954 

takes  possession  of  Northumbria 

215 

91 

955 

214,  215 

91 

1007 

Eadric,  appointed  aldorman  of  Mercia     . 

258,  259 

114 

1009 

hinders  the  general  levy           .... 

262,263 

115 

1015 

causes  the  murder  of  Sigeferth  and  Morker 

274,275 

120 

1015 

gathers  a  force  and  deserts  to  Cnut  . 

276,  277 

121 

1015 

his  treachery  towards  Eadmund  Ironside  . 

276,277 

121 

1016 

causes  the  murder  of  earl  Uhtred     . 

278,279 

122 

1016 

aids  Cnut  against  Eadmund     .... 

280,281 

122 

1016 

takes  to  flight  at  Assingdon     . 

282,  283 

123 

1016 

counsels  peace  between  Eadmund  and  Cnut     . 

282,  283 

124 

1017 

receives  the  government  of  Mercia  from  Cnut  . 

284,  285 

124 

1017 

slain  by  order  of  Cnut      ..... 

284,  285 

124 

1067 

Eadric  child,  with  the  "Welsh,  makes  war  on  the  cas- 

tlemen  at  Hereford        

340 

171 

1001 

Eadsige,  king's  reeve,  defeated  by  the  Danes   . 

251 

111 

1038 

Eadsige,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 

295,297 

131 

1040 

goes  to  Rome  ...... 

296 

132 

1043 

consecrates  king  Eadward  the  Confessor  . 

298,299 

133 

1044 

resigns  his  see         .         . 

300,  301 

134 

1048 

resumes  his  see         

304,  305 

137 

10501 

dies          

312    -I 

141,  142, 

1051  J 

143 

897 

Eadulf,  king's  thane,  dies         ... 

174,  175 

73 

924 

Eadulf  (Ealdulf),  of  Northumbria,  sons  of,  submit 

to  king  Eadward  the  Elder  .... 

196 

84 

Eadulf,  abbot.     See  Aldulf. 

1041 

Eadulf,  treachery  of  Harthacnut  to          ... 

298 

132 

905 

Eadwald,  son  of  Acca,  slain     , 

182.183 

76 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


269 


A.1X 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl? 

905 

Eadwald  (Eadwold),  a  king's  thane,  slain         .        .  j  182,  183 

76 

901 

Eadward  the  Elder,  king         .         .         .          .           '  178  179 

905 

ravages  part  of  East  Anglia     .         .         .         .      180,  181 

76 

900 

makes  peace  with  the  East  Anglians  and  North- 

umbrians at  Yttingaford        .... 

182,  183 

77 

910 

ravages  in  the  north,  and  defeats  the  Danes  at 

Tettenhall    

184,  185 

77 

911 

defeats  the  Danes     

184,  185 

78 

912 

takes  London    and    Oxford    under    his    own  j 

186,  187 

7ft 

913 

builds  the  northern   and    southern  castles  at 

*  o 

Hertford,  and  the  castle  at  Withani 

186,187 

78 

915 

goes  with  a  force  to  Buckinghamshire 

190,  191 

80 

919 

takes  the  castle  of  Bedford       .... 

193 

81 

920 

builds  the  castle  at  Maldon       .... 

192 

81 

921 

„             „         at  Cledemuth  .... 

194,  195 

83 

921 

„            „        at  Towcester  and  Wigmore     . 

194 

81 

921 

his  forces  take  Tempsford          .... 

194 

82 

921 

fortifies  the  castle  at  Towcester  with  a  stone 

wall     

195 

83 

921 

receives  the  submission  of  Thurferth  jarl  and 

his  holds,  also  of  East  Anglia,  Cambridge, 

and  Essex    ....... 

195 

83 

922 

builds  the  castle  at  Stamford,  and  receives  the 

submission  of  North  Wales  and  Mercia 

195 

83,  84 

922 

restores  and  repeoples  Nottingham    . 

195 

84 

923 

builds    the  castle    at   Thelwall,    and    restores 

196 

84 

924 

builds    the  castles  at  Nottingham  and  Bake- 

well,  and  a  bridge  across  the  Trent 

196 

84 

924 

receives  the  submission  of  the  king  of  Scotland, 

and  of  the  Strathclyde  Britons,  and  others     . 

196 

84 

924"! 
925  J 

196,197 

84,  85 

975 

Eadward,  son  of  Eadgar,  king         .         . 

226,227 

98 

978 

inurdered          

232,  233 

100 

980 

body  of,  removed  from  WarehamtoShaftesbary 

234,  235 

102 

1013 

Eadward  sctheling  (the  Confessor),  sent  abroad 

272,273 

119 

1014 

sent  to  England  by  his  father  .... 

272,  273 

120 

1040  I 
1041  J 

arrives  in  England  from  Normandy 

296,297 

132 

1041  1 
1042  J 

chosen  king      

298,299 

132,  133 

10421 

consecrated,  and  seizes  his  mother's  lands  and 

1043  J 

chattels         

298,  299 

133 

10431 

1044  L 

sails  from  Sandwich  with  thirty-five  ships 

300,  301 

134 

1046J 

10431 
1044  J 

marries  Eadgyth,  daughter  of  earl  Godwine 

300,  301 

134 

10451 
1046  J 

gathers  a  great  naval  force  at  Sandwich  . 

303,  307 

134,  139 

270 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


A.D. 



Pag 

t  1 
A.S.  text. 

es  of 
Transl. 

Eadward  (the  Confessor)  —  cont. 

10491 

goes  with  a  fleet  to  Sandwich  in  aid  of  the 

1050  J 

emperor        

308 

138 

1049 

pays  off  nine  ships           ..... 

310 

140 

10521 

puts  away  his  queen,  and  deprives  her  of  all  1 

314,315, 

146 

1048J 

her  possessions    .....         J 

317 

149 

1050 

holds  a  witenagemot  in  London  —  discharges  all 

the  sailors     ....... 

312 

142 

1051 

banishes  earl  Godwine  and  his  family 

312 

144,  145 

1052 

remits  Danegelt        

312 

146 

1052 

sends  for  the  earls  Leofric  and  Si  ward  against 

Godwine      

314 

147 

1052 

equips  forty  vessels  against  him 

316 

146 

1052 

restores  their  estates  to  Godwine  and  his  family 

320,  322 

151,  152 

10651 

causes  the  abbey  of  Westminster  to  be  conse-  1 

330,  332, 

164,165, 

1066  J 

crated,  and  dies     J 

334,337 

169 

1057 

Eadward  setheling,  son  of  Eadmund  Ironside,  arrives 

328,  329 

159 

1093 

Eadward,  son  of  king  Malcolm  of  Scotland,  slain    . 

360 

196 

955 

Eadwig,  king  of  Wessex         ..... 

214,215 

91 

955 

expels  Dunstan         

214 

91 

958 

divorced  from  JElfgyfu     

217 

91 

959 

dies          . 

216,217 

91 

1010 

Eadwig,  brother  of  JEfic,  slain        .... 

262,  263 

116 

1017 

Eadwig  sstheling,  banished  by  and  slain  by  order  of 

Cnut     

284,  285 

124 

1017 

Eadwig,  '  king  of  the  churls/  banished  by  Cnut     . 

284,  285 

124 

1020 

286 

125 

617 

Eadwine,  king  of  Northumbria  —  ravages  all  Britain 

except  Kent         

41 

20 

626 

escapes  assassination,  and  invades  Wessex 

42,43 

20,21 

627 

baptized  by  Paulinus        

42,43 

21 

633 

slain  in  battle  against  Ceadwalla  and  Penda 

44,45 

22 

the  fifth  Brytenwalda        

112,113 

53 

933 

Eadwine  aetheling,  drowned      

201 

85 

982 

Eadwine  aldorman.  dies  . 

236 

103 

985 

Eadwine,  abbot  of  Abingdon           .... 

236,  237 

103 

990 

238,  239 

104 

1039 

Eadwine,  brother  of  earl  Leofric,  slain  by  the  Welsh 

296 

131 

1064 

Eadwine,  son  of  JElfgar,  joins  his  brother  Morkere 

against  Tostig      ..... 

331 

163 

1066 

repulses  earl  Tostig          ..... 

336 

("165,166, 
1      169 

1066 

defeated  by  Harald,  king  of  Norway         .        / 

336,337, 
338 

166,167, 
169 

1066 

promises  to  support  Eadgar  setheling 

338 

168 

1066 

accompanies  William    the   Conqueror  to  Nor- 

mandy         .         ..... 

338 

170 

1071 

flees  from  William  and  is  slain 

346,  347 

178 

Eafa,  ancestor  of  the  West  Saxon  kings  . 

2 

4 

722 

Ealdbriht  the  exile,  retires  to  Surrey  and  Sussex      . 

72,73 

39 

725 

slain  by  Ine      .                                     ... 

72,73 

39 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


271 


A.D. 



Pag< 
I.S.  text. 

jsof 
Transl. 

685 

Ealdferth  (Aldfrith),  king  of  Northumbria 

62,63 

34 

705 

68,  69 

38 

926 

Ealdred,  of  Bamborough,  submits  to  king  Eadward 

the  Elder     ....... 

199 

85 

1047 

302 

135 

1050 

assists  in  repelling  an  invasion  from  Ireland 

310 

142 

1047  I 
1049  I 
105lJ 

goes  to  Rome  ......-< 

309,310, 
312 

|    143 

1052 

sent  to  overtake  Harold  and  his  brothers  . 

314 

149 

1053 

assumes  the  abbacy  of  Winchcombe 

322 

154 

1054 

goes  to  Cologne        

322 

155 

1056 

with  Harold,  makes  peace  with  the  Welsh 

326 

158 

1056 

receives  the  bishopric  of  Hei-eford     . 

326 

158 

1058 

consecrates  the  abbey  church  at  Gloucester 

328,  329 

160 

1058 

goes  to  Jerusalem    

328 

160 

1060 

succeeds  to  the  archbishopric  of  York 

328,  329 

161 

1061 

goes  to  Rome  for  his  pall          .... 

328 

161 

1066 

eubmits  to  William  the  Conqueror    . 

339 

168 

1066 

crowns  him      ....... 

337,  339 

169,170 

1067 

crowns  queen  Matilda      ..... 

340 

172 

1069 

342 

174 

Ealdulf,  bishop  of  Rochester.     See  Aldwulf. 

778 

Ealdulf,  son  of  Bosa,  slain        .         . 

93 

46 

972 

Ealdulf  (Aldulf,  Eadulf),  abbot  of  Medeshamstede, 

enriches  his  abbey         

221 

95 

992 

succeeds  to  the  sees  of  York  and  Worcester 

240,  241 

104 

1002 

dies         { 

251,252, 

OKQ 

}m 

Ealfgar.     See  Mlfgax. 

^JO 

J 

897 

Ealhheard,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  dies 

174,175 

73 

Ealhmund.     See  Alchmund. 

784 

Ealhmund,  king  of  Kent,  father  of  Ecgberht    . 

1,  94,  95 

4,47 

823 

Ealhstan,  bishop,  sent  into  Kent  by  king  Ecgberht  . 

110,  111 

53 

845 

defeats  the  Danes  at  the  mouth  of  the  Farret    . 

120,  121 

55 

8671 

dies          

132,  133 

59 

868  J 

9021 
905  J 

Ealswyth,  wife  of  king  JElfred,  dies.      (See  note,  f 
p.  180)         \ 

180,  181, 
182,183 

}75,77 

780 

Eanbald  I.,  archbishop  of  York         .... 

95 

to 
j 

795 

consecrates  Eardwulf,  king  of  Northumbria 

103 

49 

796 

dies          

103 

50 

796 

Eanbald  II.,  archbishop  of  York      .... 

103 

50 

797 

receives  the  pall       

105 

50 

806 

Eanberht,  bishop  of  Hexham,  dies  .... 

107 

52 

626 

Eanflsed,  daughter  of  king  Eadwine,  baptized  . 

42,  43 

20 

617 

Eanfrith,  son  of  king  JLthelfrith,  expelled  by  king 

Eadwine       

43 

20 

634 

king  of  Bernicia       

45 

22 

845 

Eanulf  (Earnulf)  aldorman,  defeats  the  Danes  . 

120,121 

55 

Eanwulf,  ancestor  of  king  Offa         .... 

86 

44 

795 

Eardwulf  (Eardulf),  king  of  Northumbria 

103 

49 

806 

expelled  

107 

52 

272 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A:D. 

•  

Page 
A 
A.  S.  text. 

s  of 
^ 
Transl. 

! 

Earkenbryht.     See  Erkenberht. 

Earnulf.     See  Arnulf. 

1048^) 

• 

304 

137 

1049 

306 

138 

1060 

328 

161 

1089  > 

Earthquake,  in  England          .... 

358 

193 

1119  1 

372 

215 

1122 

373 

217 

1129J 

380 

227 

1117 

371 

214 

449 

East  Anglia,  by  whom  peopled         .... 

20,21 

12 

636 

converted  by  Felix  

46,47 

22 

823 

seeks  the  protection  of  king  Ecgberht 

110,  111 

53 

838 

harassed  by  the  Danes     ..... 

118,  119 

55 

866 

Danes  take  winter  quarters  in  . 

130,  131 

59 

8701 
871  J 

subdued  by  the  Danes       

134,  135 

60 

880  \ 
881  J 

colonized  by  the  Danes     

150,151 

65 

8851 
894  / 

array  of,  breaks  the  peace  with  king  TElfred     -I 

156,  157 
164,  165 

67 
69 

894 

collects  a  fleet  and  attacks  Exeter     . 

166,  167 

70 

905 

part  of,  laid  waste  by  king  Eadward  the  Elder 

180,  181 

76 

906 

makes  peace  with  king  Eadward 

182,  183 

77 

921 

joins  the  Danish  army  against  king  Eadward    . 

194 

82 

921 

submits  to  king  Eadward          .... 

195 

83 

1004 

invaded  by  the  Danes  under  king  Svein  . 

252,  253 

112 

1010 

men  of,  flee  from  the  Danes      .... 

262,  263 

116 

East  Saxons.     See  Essex. 

678 

Eata,  bishop  of  Bernicia           ..... 

61 

33 

Eawa,  ancestor  of  king  Offa    

86 

44 

1114 

Ebb,  an  extraordinary     

370 

212 

778 

Ecga,  high-reeve,  slain     .         .         .         .         . 

93 

46 

664 

Ecgbyrht  (Ecgbriht),  king  of  Kent 

57 

30 

664 

sends  Wigheard  to  Rome          .... 

57 

30 

669 

gives  Reculver  to  Bass,  mass  priest  . 

56,  57 

30 

673 

dies          

56,  57 

31 

716 

Ecgbyrht,  reforms  the  monks  of  lona 

70,71 

39 

729 

dies          ........ 

74,75 

40 

734 

Ecgbyrht,  consecrated  bishop          .... 

T*T 
/  / 

40 

735 

receives  the  pall       

77 

40 

766 

dies          

91 

45 

800 

Ecgbyrht,  king  of  Wessex 

104,  105 

51 

812] 
813  I 
815J 

ravages  "West  Wales  (Cornwall) 

108,  109 

52 

823 

overcomes  Beornred  at  Ellendun 

110,111 

53 

823 

the  East  Angles  seek  his  protection  . 

110,111 

53 

827 

subdues  Mercia 

112,  113 

53 

827 

leads  an  army  to  Dore      ..... 

112,  113 

53 

827 

the  eighth  Brytenwalda     

112,113 

53 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


273 


A.I). 

Tage 

sof 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Ecgbyrht,  king  of  Wessex—  cont. 

828 

leads  an  army  against  the  Welsh 

114,  115 

54 

833"! 

834  J 

fights  with  thirty-five  ships  at  Charmouth 

116,117 

54 

835 

„           the  Welsh  and  Danes  at  Hengestsdun 

116,117 

54 

830 

116,  117 

54 

80o  (_ 
802  J 

Ecgbyrht,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne       . 

107 

51 

916 

Ecgbyrht  (Ecgbriht),  abbot,  guiltless  slain 

190,191 

80 

G70 

Ecgferth,  king  of  North  umbria 

56,57 

30 

G78 

expels  bishop  Wilfrith      ..... 

60,  61 

33 

679 

battle  between  him  and  JEthelred  of  Mercia 

60,61 

33 

684 

sends  an  army  against  the  Scots 

63 

34 

685 

causes  Cuthberht  to  be  ordained  bishop    . 

,        63 

34 

685 

slain         • 

63 

34 

777 

Ecgferth,  son  of  Offa,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

93 

46 

785 

consecrated  king       

96,97 

47 

794 

succeeds  to  Mercia,  and  dies     .... 

100,  101 

49 

794 

Ecgferth's  monastery  at  Wearmouth,  destroyed 

101 

49 

897 

Ecgulf,  king  JElfred's  horse-thane,  dies  . 

174,  175 

74 

40 

538" 

28,29 

14 

540 

28    9 

15 

664 

54,  55 

30 

733 

809  f 

Eclipse,  of  the  sun          ..... 

76,77 
109 

40 
52 

879 

150,151 

65 

1135 

381 

229 

1140 

383 

233 

795^ 

103 

49 

800 

105 

51 

802 

107 

51 

806 

106,  107 

52 

827  1 

112,  113 

53 

904 

1801  81 

76 

1078 

350 

183 

1110 

369 

210 

1117 

371 

214 

1121^ 

373 

216 

913 

Eddesbury,  burgh  at,  built  by  ^Ethelflsed 

186,187 

79 

686 

Egbalth,  abbot  of  Peterborough       .... 

63 

35 

1140 

Eleanor,  queen  of  France,  marries  Henry,  count  of 

384 

234 

Elesa,  father  of  Cerdic     

1,30,31 

3,15 

189 

Eleutherius,  bishop  of  Home,  king  Lucius'  message 

to  him           .         

14,15 

9 

Elias.     See  Helie 

823 

Ellendun  battle  at  

110,  111 

53 

673 

Ely,  monastery  at,  founded  by  St.  JEtheldryth 

58,  59 

31 

963 

restored  by  bishop  Athelwold  for  monks  only  . 

220 

93 

1070 

345 

176 

Emma.     See  JElfgifu  Emma. 

VOL.    II. 


274 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Page 

t  * 

A.S.  text. 

S  of 
Transl. 

1018 

English  and  Danes,  in  unison  under  Cnut  for  the 

laws  of  king  Eadgar     

285,  286 

125 

1096 

Eoda  (Elides),  count  of  Champagne,  deprived  of  his 

lands  in  England 

362 

200 

905 

Eohric  (Eric),  a  Danish  king,  slain 

182,  183 

76 

Eomeer,  ancestor  of  Penda 

42 

21 

Offa          .         .         . 

86 

44 

626 

Eomer,  attempts  to  assassinate  king  Eadwiue 

42,43 

20 

Eoppa,  ancestor  of  Cerdic  and  Ida  . 

2,28 

4,15 

661 

Eoppa,  preaches  Christianity  in  the  Isle  of  Wight 

54,55 

29 

552 

Eormenric,  father  of  ^Ethelberht,  king  of  Kent 

29 

15 

632 

Eorpwald,  king  of  East  Anglia,  baptized 

44,45 

22 

Eourard.     See  Everard. 

911 

184,  185 

78 

Eric.     See  Eohric,  and  Trie. 

640 

Erkenberht  (Arceubryht),  king  of  Kent  —  casts  down 

the  idols       

46,47 

23 

664 

dies         

54 

30 

640 

Erkengota,  daughter  of  Erkenberht,  king  of  Kent   . 

47 

23 

Erling.    See  Yrling. 

640 

Ermenred,  son  of  Eadbald,  king  of  Kent 

46 

23 

1107 

Ernulf,  abbot  of  Peterborough         .... 

368 

209 

•    1114 

made  bishop  of  Rochester         .... 

370 

212 

1123 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  abp.  William 

374 

219 

1124 

dies         .        •        

376 

221 

Esa,  ancestor  of  Cerdic  and  Ida      .... 

28 

15 

Esbeorn.     See  Asbiorn. 

Esla,  ancestor  of  Cerdic          

1,28 

3,15 

449 

Essex  (East  Saxons),  kingdom  of  . 

20,21 

12 

604 

converted  to  Christianity          .... 

36,37 

18 

823 

submits  to  king  Ecgberht         .... 

110,111 

53 

913 

„      to  Eadward  the  Elder 

186,187 

78 

921 

assailed  by  the  Danes  —  people  turn  to  Eadward 

194,  195 

82,83 

994 

ravaged  by  the  Danes      

242,  243 

105 

1011 

subjugated  by  the  Danes  

266,  267 

116 

8871 
888  / 

Eudes  (Oda),  his  share,  in  the  partition  of  the  empire 

158,  159 

68 

Eudes,  count  of  Champagne.     See  Eoda. 

1137 

Eugenius  III.,    pope,  grants  privileges  to  Peter- 

borough        

383 

232 

10511 
1052  / 
1088 

Eustace  H,  count  of  Boulogne,  his  affray  at  Dover  1 
Eustace  HI.,  among  the  insurgents  in  Rochester  castle 

312,313, 
315 
357 

1  144,  146 
193 

1096 

goes  to  Jerusalem    

363 

201 

1100 

returns    

365 

204 

1101 

receives  back  his  forfeited  lands  in  England    . 

365 

205 

1140 

Eustace,  son  of  king  Stephen,  marries  the  sister  of 

Lewis  VII.  —  his  character    .... 

384 

234 

1140 

dies          

384 

234 

1130 

Everard  (Eourard),  bishop  of  Norwich,  assists  at  the 

consecration  of  Chistchurch  Canterbury,  and 

Rochester  cathedrals     

380 

227 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


275 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

. 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1054 

Evesham,  abbey  of,  consecrated       .... 

322 

155 

1112 

Evreux,  count  of,  deprived  of  his  land 

369 

211 

8771 
878  / 

Exeter,  taken  by  the  Danes     

144,  145 

64 

894 

besieged  by  the  Danes,  and  relieved  by  king 

Alfred      

166,167 

70 

1003 

taken  and  ruined  by  the  Danes 

252,  253 

111 

1067 

taken  by  William  the  Conqueror 

340 

171 

1135 
1025 

besieged  by  king  Stephen         .... 
Eylaf,  defeats  king  Cnut  at  the  Holm 

382 

289 

230 
127 

F. 

47 

10,11 

8 

471 
48  } 

11 

8 

793 

101 

48 

976 

227,  230 

99 

1005 

254,  255 

112 

1044 

300,  301 

134 

1070 

in  England      4         .....< 

344,  347 

178 

1082 

351 

184 

1087 

353 

187 

1096 

363 

201 

1125 

377 

222 

1137 

- 

382 

231 

577 

Farinmail,  a  British  king,  slain        .... 

32,33 

17 

1117 

Faritz  (Faricius),  abbot  of  Abingdon,  dies 

371 

214 

636 

Felix,  bishop,  converts  the  East  Angles  . 

46,47 

22 

829 

Felogild  (Feologild),  abbot,  chosen  archbishop  of 

115 

54 

830 

dies          

114,115 

54 

584 

Fethanlea,  battle  at         

34,35 

17 

962 

Fever,  in  London    .                 

218 

92 

1087 

(drif),  many  die  of,  in  England 

353 

187 

788 

Finchale,  synod  at  

97 

48 

Finn,  ancestor  of  Ida       

28 

15 

Fithele.     See  Vithele. 

Flambard.     See  Ranulf. 

1096 

Flanders,  Robert,  count  of,  joins  the  crusade  . 

363 

201 

1100 

returns    ........ 

365 

204 

1014"] 

I     274,275 

120 

1099  I 
1125J 

Flood,  a  great         \  \      364 
1        377 

203 
222 

1013 

Florentine,  St.,  body  of,  bought  for  £500 

272 

119 

1087 

Forest,  or  Game,  laws,  enacted  by  William  I.  . 

355 

190 

1088 

temporary  repeal  of,  by  William  II. 

357 

192 

626 

Forthhere,  stabbed  by  Eomer  

43 

20 

S2 


276 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

709 

Forthhere,  bishop  of  Westwood  (Sherborne)    . 

68,69     ;         38 

737 

goes  to  Rome  76,77             40 

803 

Forthred,  abbot,  dies       106               51 

871 

138  139             61 

993 

Frsena,  an  English  leader,  takes  to  flight 

240,241           105 

780 

Franks,  fight  with  the  Old-Saxons           .         .         .92,  93 

46 

887 

empire  of,  divided  into  five       .         .         .         .      156,157 

68 

Freawine,  ancestor  of  Cerdic            .         .         .         .          1,30 

3,  1  5 

Freothelaf.  ancestor  of  Ida      28 

15 

Freothewulf,  ancestor  of  Ida  28,  31 

15,  1.6 

885 

Frisians,  aid  the  Old  Saxons  against  the  Danes       .      154,  I5.j            67 

766 

Fritheberht,  bishop  of  Hexham,  dies        .         .         .           91             „  45 

993 

Frithegist,  an  English  leader,  takes  to  flight     .         .  |  240,  241          105 

910 

Frithestan,  bishop  of  Winchester     .... 

182,183 

77 

932 

dies          

200,  201 

85 

707 

Frithogith,  queen  of  Wessex,  goes  to  Home 

76,77 

40 

Frithugar,  Freothogar,  ancestor  of  Cerdic 

1,30             0.15 

763 

Frithuwald,  bishop  of  Whiterne,  dies 

89 

4:» 

955 

Frome,  king  Eadred  dies  at     

214,215 

91 

1110\ 
1115  j 

Frost,  severe           j 

.369 
371 

210 
213 

1103\ 
1110J 

Fruit  trees,  injured  -1 

366 
369 

206 
210 

Frythestan.     See  Frithestun. 

879 

Fulham,  Danes  at   

150,  151 

65 

1110 

Fulk  V.,  count  of  Anjou,  holds  Le  Maine  against 

Henry  I  

369 

211 

inn 

f 

369 

211 

1112  }- 

369 

211 

1118J 

372 

214 

1119 

his    daughter    married    to    William,   son    of 

Henry  I  

372 

215 

1121 

returns  from  Jerusalem   and  takes  back   his 

daughter       .... 

373 

217 

1123 

sends  messengers  to  Henry,  -who  return  at  vari- 

ance with  him       .... 

374 

217,  218 

1124 

at  war  with  Henry  

375 

220- 

1127 

makes  an  alliance  with  Henry,  and  bethroths  his 

son  to  Henry's  daughter,  the  empress  Matilda 

377 

223 

1140 

dies          ..... 

384 

234 

G. 

823 

Gafulford  (Camelford  ?),  battle  at  . 

110,  111 

53 

Game.     See  Forest. 

Geat,  ancestor  of  Ida 

9ft 

15 

693 

Gefmund,  bishop  of  Rochester,  dies          .         .         .            67 

36 

1118 

Gelasius  II.,  pope    ...                                           379 

215 

1119 

dies          ...                                                     370 

215 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


277 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Genealogies,  royal,  pp.  1,  28,  30,  36,  42,  58,  60,  62, 

64,  66,  67,  70,  72,  73,    74,   75,  86,  126,  127, 

232,  340.  (A.S.  text.) 

1088 

Geoffrey   (Gosfrith),   bishop   of  Coutances,   rebels 

against  William  II.  and  plunders  about  Bristol 

356 

191 

1096 

Geoffrey  (Gosfrei)  Bainard,  overcomes  William  of 

Eu  in  single  combat      

362 

200 

1125 

Geoffrey,  abbot  of  St.  Alban's,  goes  to  Rome  . 

377 

222 

1127 

Geoffrey  Martel,  son  of  the  count  of  Anjou,  marries 

the  empress  Matilda     

377 

223 

1140 

reduces  Normandy  ...... 

384 

234 

1150 

dies          

384 

234 

710 

Gereiit,  a  Welsh  king,  fights   with  kiug   Ine  and 

68,  71 

38 

Gewis  (Giwis),  ancestor  of  Cerdic  .... 

1,30 

3,15 

693 

Gifemund  (Gefmund),  bishop  of  Rochester,  dies 

67 

36 

1123 

Giffard,  chaplain  to  Henry  I.,  goes  to  Rome     . 

374 

219 

Giffard.     See  William. 

1117 

Gilbert,  abbot  of  Westminster,  dies 

371 

214 

1130 

Gilbert  Universal,  bishop  of  London,  assists  at  the 

consecration  of  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and 

Rochester  cathedrals     ..... 

380 

227 

1103 

Girard   (Gerard),  archbishop  of  York,  his  right  to 

consecrate  bishops  denied     .... 

.366 

206 

1  1  08 

368 

210 

1060  1 
1061  J 

328,  329 

160,  161 

1067 

Githa,  mother  of  king  Harold,  retires  to  Flatholm, 

and  thence  to  !St.  Omer's      .... 

340 

172 

Giwis.     See  Gewis. 

688 

Glastonbury,  abbey  built  by  king  Ine      . 

64 

35 

1083 

dissensions  at,  between  the  Norman  abbot  and 

the  monks     

352 

184 

577 

Gloucester,  taken  from  the  Britons  by  Cuthwine  and 

32 

17 

1058 

abbey  church  at,  consecrated  by  bishop  Kaldrecl 

328 

160 

1122 

burnt       ........ 

373 

217 

1123 

a  council  there         ...... 

374 

218 

988 

Goda,  a  thane  of  Devonshire,  slain 

238,239 

103 

1123 

Godfrey  (Godefreith),  bishop  of  Bath     . 

375 

2J9 

.1130 

assists  at  the   consecration    of     Christchuvch 

Canterbury,  and  Rochester  cathedrals  .         .          380 

227 

Godrum,  or  Guthrum.     See  Guthorm. 

Godulf,  ancestor  of  Ida   

28 

15 

693        Godun  (Guodun),   a  Gallican  bishop,    consecrates 

Brihtwold  archbishop  ..... 

67 

36 

993 

Godwine,  a  leader  of  the  English,  takes  to  flight     . 

240,  241 

105 

1001 

Godwine,  son  of  bishop  JElfsige,  slain 

250 

110 

1011 

Godwine,   bishop   of  Rochester,   captured   by   the 

Danes  at  Canterbury     

266,267 

117 

1016 

Godwine,  aldorman  of  Liudsey,  slain  at  Assingdon  .  !  282,  283 

123 

278 


CHRONOLOGICAL    r 


A.D. 

r.iuvs  of 

A.S.  text. 

1036 
1043 
1044 

1048 
10481 
1050  / 
1048 
10491 
1080  J 
1051 
1052 
10.-)  -2 
1052 
1052 
1052 
10511 
1052  J 
1052 

1053 

1053 
1061 
606 
1088 
1067 
1069 
4081 
409  J 
379 
982 
1013 
5911 
592  J 
596 
601 
6051 
606  J 

1046 

1050 
1052 
1055 
1056 

1058 
1063 
903 

Godwine,  earl,  causes  the  murder  of  the  irthelinc: 
Alfred  —  supports  Harthacnut 
assists  in  bereaving  queen  Emma  of  her  pro- 
perty     
marries  his  daughter,  Eadgith,  to  Eadward  the 
Confessor     
ordered  to  quell  the  tumult  at  Dover 

with  his  sons  at  Beverston        .... 

cited  before  the  'witeiKi^inot  ' 
accompanies  earl  Biorn  from  Sandwich  i 
vensey         ....... 

293 

1>!>8 

800 
813,318 

816 

308 
312,314 
:U4 
314,318 

:U  i 
314 
316 

317,319 

320 
320,  321, 

3Si 

.  .329 
38 

342 
344 

16,17 

16,17 
236 
873,873 

34,35 

34,35 
36,37 

38,39 

SOS 
810 

316 
.  :\25 

326 

330,  331 
180.  181 

!-_».) 

184 

144 

144 

i  W 

139,  Hi 
143,  n;» 

148 
148 

148 
150,151 

150,152 
154 
155 
154 

1  C,o,  Mil 

171' 
174 

10 

10 

loa 

119 

17 

17 

18 

18 
136 

141! 
149 
156,  158 

160 
16  1 
75 

banished  with  all  his  family      .... 
with  his  sons,  gathers  a  force  at  Langtree 
summoned  to  appear  in  London 
with  his  sons,  outlawed    
escapes  by  night  to  Thorney,  thence  to  Bruges 
sails  with  Harold  to  London     . 

comes  to  Dungeness        .... 

pleads  his  cause  and  is  restored  to  all  his  ho- 
nours  ..... 

dies 

I 
Godwine,  abbot  of  Winchcombe,  dies 
Godwine,  bishop  of  Rochester,  dies 
Gordianus,  father  of  pope  Gregory 
Gosfrith.     See  Geoffrey. 
Gospatric,  earl,  retires  to  Scotland  .... 
joins  the  Danes  in  plundering  York 

Goths,  take  Rome  
Gratian,  emperor    

Greece,  invaded  by  the  Saracens     .... 
Greenwich,  Thorkell  and  his  force  stationed  at 

Gregory  I.,  pope    . 

sends  Augustine  to  preach  the  gospel  in  Britain 
sends  the  pall  to  Augustine      .... 

dies 

Gregory.     See  Innocent  II. 
Griffith,  king  of  North  Wales,  accompanies  earl 
Swegen  into  South  Wales     . 
aids  an  invasion  from  Ireland  .... 
ravages  Herefordshire     
with  earl  JElfg&r,  burns  Hereford    . 
makes  peace  with  kim;  Ka<hv;ml,  and  becomes 
his  vassal 

supports  earl  JElfgar        
slaiu        ........ 
Grimbald,  priest,  dies 

CHRONOLOGICAL    : 


A.  P. 

Tao, 

^sof 

A  S  text. 

Trausl. 

1038 

Grimkvtol,  bi>' 

BS6, 

131 

10451 

1046  1 
1047  f 

dies          ........ 

.  303 

136 

1048  J 

1077 

Gundulf.  bishop  of  "Rochester            .... 

— 

1045 

Guuuhild.  niece  of  Omit,  banished   .... 

309 

135 

iUl 

(.nith  forth  hold,  slain        

IS  4,  185 

7S 

HL>: 

Guthfrith.  king  of  Northmnbria,  expelled    by  king 

_V.thelstau      ....... 

199 

85 

714 

0  uthlae.  St.,  dies    

70,71 

38 

875 

Guthorm  (Guthrum),  a  Danish  king 

144.  14  ;» 

63 

baptized    

148.  K'.) 

66 

81»0  1 
891  J 

dies            

159,  160 

88 

Gypeswio.     See  Ipswich 

963 

220 

93 

10.M  ; 

Gyrth,  son  of  earl  Godwine,  withdraw  to  IV 

I058J 

and  thenee  to  Ireland     

.  :U4 

14'.) 

slain  at  Hastings        

836. 

167,  169 

Gytha.     See  Githa. 

H. 

UMO 

Ilacun  (Hakon)  jarl,  dies        

290 

1*8 

1078  1 

Hacun  (Hakon)  jarl,  with  prince  Cuut,  makes   a 

107T.  1 

liostile  attempt  on  England      .... 

181 

ll:rrothaland,  Northmen  first  land  in  England  from 

96,97 

47 

893 

It'  4.  165 

69 

894 

constructs  a  fort  at  Benfleet        .... 

166,167 

71 

8'.'  4 

receives  his  wife  and  children  from  king  -1 

yet  continues  his  ravages         .... 

168,169 

71 

11  amain.     .SVt:  Amauri. 

1  lampshire,  ravaged  by  the  Thanes  .... 

242,  -2  to 

|08 

s:i 

llarald.  a  Danish  jarl,  slain     ..... 

138,  139 

n 

1048 

Harald  Hardrada,  returns  to  X  or  way  from  Denmark 

SM 

138 

1066 

king    of   Norway,  i                    inland,   deteai>"| 
Eadwine    and  Morkerc,    and    is    slain  at  I 

336,  337, 

165,  166, 

niford  bridge   J 

339 

169 

lore! 

10::  . 

llarald  (llein),  king  of  Denmark    .... 

350,351 

Harold,  reputed  son  of  Cuut,  king  of  England,  north 

of  the  Thames      

292,  293 

199 

despoils  queen  Kiuma  of  her  treasures 

1037 

.  --.".i,") 

180 

dies  at  Oxford,  and  is  disinterred  by  order  of 

1040  r 

Harthacnut 

.297 

131. 

280 


CHRONOLOGICAL   1NDE1X. 


A  T) 

Page 

sof 

./v.  ±J  • 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

10461 

Harold,   son  of  earl  Godwine,  opposes  his  brother 

i 

104.Q  f 

307 

138,  139 

i  \j<±j  j 

1049 

removes  the  body  of  Biorn  to  Winchester 

310 

140,  142 

1050 

joins  his  father  in  opposing  king  Eadward 

314 

144 

10501 
1048/ 

cited  before  the  '  witenagemot  ' 

312,316 

142,  145 

1051  1 
1052  J 

•withdraws  to  Bristol,  and  thence  to  Ireland 

312,314 

J145,  146 
\    149 

1052 

sails  with  his  father  to  London 

318 

149,  153 

1052 

reinstated  in  his  possessions      .... 

320 

159 

1053 

present  at  his  father's  death      .... 

320 

154 

1053 

succeeds  to  his  father's  earldom 

321,322 

154,  155 

1055 

makes  peace  with  earl  TElfgar 

324,326 

157 

1056 

makes  peace  with  Griffith,  king  of  North  Wales 

326 

158 

1063 

reduces  Wales          

330,331 

161 

1064 

treats  with  Morkere         ..... 

332,  333 

183 

1065 

orders  a  hunting  seat  for  king    Eadward  at 

Portskewet            

330 

162 

1065 

strives  to  reconcile  earl  Tostig  and  the  North- 

332 

163 

1066 

chosen  king  of  England  ....-< 

330,  335, 
336,  337 

164,  165, 
169 

1066 

collects  an  army  to  oppose  Tostig  and  William 

of  Normandy        

336,337 

165,  IG'J 

1066 

defeats  Harald  Ilardriida  and  Tostig  at  Stam- 

ford bridge  

336,  337 

166,  169 

1066 

slain  at  Hastings       

336,  337 

167,  IG'J 

1067 

Harold,  king,  sons  of,  one  lands  in  the  Avon,  but  is 

312 

173 

repulsed       ....         ... 

1068 

land  at  the  mouth  of  the  Taw,  but  are  repulsed 

342 

1023  • 

Harthacnut,  son  of  Cnut,  assists  in  removing  the 

• 

body  of  archbishop  ^Elfheah 

288 

126 

1035 

lingers  in  Denmark  after  his  father's  death 

293,  294 

129 

1037 

supplanted  by  Harold       

294 

130 

1039 

joins  his  mother,  queen  Emma,  at  Bruges 

296 

131 

10391 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  England,  and  levies 

1040  J 

a  heavy  contribution     ..... 

296,297 

131 

1040 

disinters  the  body  of  king  Harold     . 

296,297 

13-2 

10401 
1041  J 

levies  a  heavy  ship-money        .... 

297 

131,  132 

1041 

causes  Worcestershire  to  be  ravaged 

296 

132 

1041 

his  treachery  to  earl  Eadulf     .... 

298 

132 

1041  \ 
1042  J 

dies  at  Lambeth       

298,  299 

132 

680 

Hatfield,  synod  at    

60,61 

34 

Heaberht  aldorman.     See  Heardberht. 

963 

Headda,  abbot  of  Medeshamstede    .... 

220 

93 

8711 
872  J 

Heahmurxd,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  slain 

140,141 

62 

398 

Heahstan,  bishop  of  London,  dies     .... 

178,  179 

75 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


281 


A.D. 

Pag< 

JS  Of 

V  

Transl. 

A.S.  text. 

8711 
872  / 
8751 
876  J 
8761 
877  J 
911 
778 
804  1 
805  f 
797 
10471 
1048  J 
10571 
1058  J 
676 
703 
1099 

1110 
449 
449 
455 

457  ] 
465  I 
473  J 
835 
1060 

1049  J 
1050J 

1056 
1106 
1086 

1087 
1094 
1095 
1100 
1100 
1100 
1101 
1102 

1104 
1105 
1106 

1107 
1108 
1110 

Ilealfdcne  (Iliilfdan),  a  Danish  king 

137,  138 
142,  143 

61 
63 

64 

78 
46 

51 
50 
136 

159 

32 

38 

203 
211 
11 
12 

12 
12,13 

54 
161 

138 
159 
.  209 

186 
188 
198 
198 
204 
204 
204 
205 

205 

207 
207 

209 
209 
210 

210 

divides  the  land  among  his  followers 

slain         
Heardberht,  with  JEthelbald,  slays  three  high  reeves 

dies       

Heardred,  bishop  of  Hexjiam          .... 
Ileca  (Hecca),  bishop  of  the  South  Saxons 

144,  145 

184,  185 
93 

106,107 
105 
302,  303 

328,329 

60,  Gl 
68,  69 

364 
369 
18,  19 
20,21 

20,21 
22,23 

116,117 
328 

308 
326,327 
368 

353 
354 
361 
361 
364 
365 
365 
365 

366 

3G7 
367 

368 
368 
368 

369 

lledde,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons  (Winchester) 

Ilelie  (de  la  Fleche),  driven  out  of  Le  Maine  by 
William  II  
dies          
Hengest  and  Horsa,  land  in  Britain 
their  genealogy         
fight  with  Wyrtgeorn  (  Vortigern)  at^Eglesthrep 

and  his  son  JEsc,  fight  with  the  Britons     . 

Hengestdun  (Hengestesdun),  battle  at              .        . 
Henry  T.,  king  of  France,  dies         .... 
Henry  III.  (Cona),  makes  war  on  Baldwine,  count  of 
Flanders,  and  solicits  aid  from  Eadward  the 
Confessor     ....... 

Henry,  son  of  William  the  Conqueror,  knighted  by 
his  father     ........ 
inherits  vast  treasures  from  his  father 

aids  king  William  against  his  brother  Robert  . 
king  of  England       ...... 

sends  bishop  Eanulf  Flambard  to  the  Tower     . 
marries  Matilda,  daughter  of  king  Malcolm 
his  war  and  compact  with  his  brother  Robert    . 
his  quarrel  with  Robert  of  Belesme,  and  siege 
of  Arundel  castle           ..... 
sends  a  force  to  Normandy       .... 
takes  Caen  and  Bayeux    ..... 

gains  the  battle  of  Tinchebray,  and  reduces  the 
whole  of  Normandy      ..... 
supplies  the  vacant  sees  in  England 
goes  to  Normandy  —  contests  with  France 
gives  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  the  emperor 
Henry  V. 

282 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

— 

Pag 
A.S.  text. 

2S  of 
\  N 
Transl. 

Henry  I.,  king  of  England  —  cont. 

1111") 

r 

369 

211 

1112  I 

goes  to  Normandy  •< 

369 

211 

1113J 

I 

369 

211 

1114 

reduces  Wales  ....... 

370 

212 

1115 

causes  the  barons  of  Normandy  to  do  homage 

to  his  son  William         

370 

213 

1116 

contests  with  the  king  of  France 

371 

213 

1116 

causes  the  abbey  of  St.  Alban's  to  be  consecrated 

371 

213 

1117") 

r 

371 

214 

1118  > 

372 

214 

1119J 

372 

215 

1119 

puts  king  Lewis  of  France  to  flight  . 

372 

215 

1120 

makes  peace  with  the  king  of  France 

372 

216 

1121 

marries  Athelis  (Adele)  of  Louvain,  and  invades 

Wales           

373 

216 

1121 

the  Welsh  submit  to  him           . 

373 

216 

1123 

summons  a  council  at  Gloucester 

374 

218 

1123 

at  war  with  the  barons  in  Normandy 

375 

219 

1124 

his  successes  in  Normandy       .... 

375 

220 

1125 

his  severity  against  false  coiners 

376 

221 

1126 

returns  to  England  

377 

222 

1127 

causes  the  clergy  and  nobles  to  swear  allegiance 

to  his  daughter     

377 

223 

1128 

in  Normandy  

378 

225 

1129 

returns  to  England  

379 

226 

1130 

goes  to  Normandy            

380 

.  227 

1131"! 
1132J 

returns  to  England  

380 

228,  229 

1135 

goes  to  Normandy  and  dies  —  his  character 

381 

229 

11091 

Henry  V.,  emperor,  marries  Matilda,  daughter  of 

1110  J 

Henry  I  

369 

210 

1123 

Henry  of  Poitou,  abbot  of  St.  Jean  d'Angely,  legate 

of  Rome       

374 

218 

1127 

obtains  the  abbacy  of  Peterborough  —  sketch  of 

his  life                  

377,  378 

223 

1128 

goes  to  Poitou          

378 

225 

1130 

returns,  and  promises  to  subject  Peterborough 

to  Cluny       

380 

227 

1131 

goes  to  Normandy  ....         . 

380 

228 

1131 

expelled  from  St.  Jean  d'Angely 

381 

228 

1132 

goes  to  Cluny  —  fails  in  his  attempt  to  subject 

Peterborough  to  Cluny  —  is  deprived     . 

381 

228,  229 

1129 

Henry  (of  Blois),  bishop  of  Winchester   . 

379 

226 

1130 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  Christchurch  Can- 

terbury, and  Rochester  cathedrals 

380 

227 

1140 

deserts  his  brother,  king  Stephen 

384 

233 

11401 

Henry,  count  of  Anjou,  marries  Eleanor,  queen  of 

(1152)/ 

France          

384 

234 

11401 

cuss)  f 

invades  England  and  makes  a  compact  with 
Stephen 

385 

234 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


283 


A  rj 

Page 

sof 

AtLt* 

A.S.text. 

^ 
Transl. 

Henry,  count  of  Anjou  —  cont. 

1154 

visits  Oxford,  Peterborough,    and  other  parts  of 

385 

235 

1094 

Herbert  Losang  (de  Losinga),  bishop  of  Thetford, 

deprived  of  his  staff  by  William  II. 

360 

197 

838 

Herebryht  aldorman,  slain  by  the  Danes 

118,  119 

55 

833 

Hereferth,  bishop  of  Winchester,  dies 

116,117 

54 

1055 

Hereford,  burnt  by^Elfgar  and  Griffith  of  North  Wales 

324 

157 

1067 

castlemen  at,  attacked  by  Eadric  child 

340 

171 

1048 

Herefordshire,  a  castle  in,  built  by  the  Welsh  . 

315 

144 

656 

Herefrith  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

53 

28 

982 

Herelufu,  abbess  of  Shaftesbury,  dies 

236 

103 

10431 
1045  L 
1046  J 

Hereman,  bishop  of  Sherborne                                  -1 

301,  302, 
303 

|    134 

10471 
1049  [ 
1051  J 

sent  to  the  synod  at  Home                                  \ 

309,  310, 
312 

|    143 

10771 

dies          

350,  351 

183 

1078  J 

Herethaland.     See  Haerethaland. 

1070 

Hereward,  plunders  Peterborough  .... 

344,  345 

176 

10711 
1072  J 

escapes  from  William  I.            .... 

346,  347 

178 

603 

Hering,  son  of  Hussa,  a  leader  of  the  Scots 

37 

18 

673 

58,  59 

31 

913 

burgh  built  there  by  king  Eadward  the  Elder   , 

186,  187 

78 

1066 

Hetmund,  son  of  Harald,  king  of  Norway,  returns 

339 

169 

Higbald.     See  Hygbald. 

780 

Higbald,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne         .... 

95 

47 

795 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  king  Eardwulf 

103 

49 

803 

107 

51 

785 

Higebryht,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  made  archbishop 

ofLichfield           

96,  97 

47 

680 

Hild,  abbess  of  Whitby,  dies    

60,61 

34 

670 

Hlothhere,  bishop  of  the  West  Saxons,  hallowed  by 

archbishop  Theodore    ..... 

56,57 

30 

685 

Hlothhere,  king  of  Kent,  dies  

62 

34 

627 

Honorius  L,  pope,  sends  the  pall  to  Paulinus  —  writes 

to  the  Scots  concerning  Easter 

45 

21 

634 

sends  Byrinus  to  England         .... 

45 

22 

1124 

Honorius  H.,  pope  

376 

221 

1129 

dies          

379 

226 

627 

Honorius,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  receives  the  pall 

45 

21 

6531 
654  J 

dies          ; 

51 

24 

449 

Horsa,  with  his  brother  Hengest,  lands  in  Britain    . 

18,19 

11 

455 

20,21 

12 

1094 

Houlme,  castle  at,  taken  by  count  Robert 

360 

197 

922 

Howel  (Huwal),  a  king  of  North  Wales,  submits  to 

Eadward  the  Elder       

195 

84 

284 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX, 


A.D. 

Pag 

t  —  •  ' 
A.S.  text. 

3S  Of 

Transl. 

926 

1052"! 
1053  J 

915 

853 
1094 

1094 
1098 
1123 
1124 
1124 
1126 
1129 
1137 
1003 
1088 
1128 

744 
754 
921 

710 

654 

547 

559  \ 
560  / 
640 
1031 
110 
656 
688 

694 

7091 
710| 
7151 
714J 
721 

Howel,    king    of   West  Wales,  submits    to    king 

199 
320 

188,189 
123,  124 

361 
361 
364 
375 
375 
375 
377 
379 
383 
252,253 
357 
379 

85 
153,154 

79 

57 

198 
198 
202 
219 
220 
220 
222 
226 
232 
111 
192 
225 

41 

42 

83 

38 

24 
21 

44: 

15 

15 

23 

128 
9 
28 

3,35 

36 

38 

38 
39 

Hris  (His),  brother  of  the  Welsh  king,  slain    . 
Hroald   (Hraold;  jarl,  ravages  North  Wales  from 

Hrothulf.     See  Kodolf. 
Huda,  aldorman  of  Surrey,  slain       .... 
Hugh   (Lupus),    earl  of    Chester,   attends    prince 
Henry  to  England         
Hugh,  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  puts  the  Welsh  to  flight 
slain  in  Anglesey  by  vikings    .... 
Hugh  of  Montfort,  rebels  against  Henry  I. 
captured  and  imprisoned  at  Gloucester 
Hugh  Eitz  Gervase,  taken  and  imprisoned  at  llouen 

Hugh  of  Waltevile,  restores  lands  to  Peterborough  . 
Hugo,  a  Frenchman,  causes  the  taking  of  Exeter     . 
Hugo  (of  Grentemaisnil),  rebels  against  William  II. 
Hugo,  Grand  Master  of  the  Templars,  visits  England 
Hulme.     See  Houlme. 
Hunferth,  bishop  of  Winchester       .... 

succeeded  by  Cyneheard           .... 
Huntingdon,  castle  (burh)  at,  restored 
Huwal.     See  Howel. 
Hygbald  (Sigbald),  slain          

80,81 
195 

71 

50,  51 
42 
86 

28,29 
31 

47 
291 
12,  13 
53 

1,64 

66,67 

68,71 

70,71 
72,  73 

Hyryc.     See  Yryc. 

I. 

Icanho  (Ycanho),  monastery  founded  at  . 
Icel,  ancestor  of  Penda    

Offa        

Ida,  king  of  Northumbria,  builds  Bamborough  —  his 

dies          

Idols,  destroyed  in  Kent  by  king  Erkenberht  . 
lehmarc,  a  Scottish  king,  submits  to  Cnut 
Ignatius,  St  ,  martyred    
Immine  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 
Ine,  king  of  Wessex  —  his  genealogy  —  founds  Glas- 
tonbury         

receives  a  blood-line  from  Kent,  for  the  murder 
ofMul         

fights  with  Gerent,  king  of  the  Welsh 

„      with  Ceolred,  king  of  Mercia,  at  Woddes- 
burh        

slays  Cynewulf  setheling 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


285 


A.D. 

Tag* 

is  of 

A.S.  text. 

1    Transit 

Ine,  king  of  Wessex  —  cont. 

725 

fights  with  the  South  Saxons  and  slays  Eald- 

bryht    

72,73 

39 

728 

goes  to  Rome,  and  dies  there  .         . 

72,73 

39 

718 

Ingild,  brother  of  king  Ine  —  his  genealogy  —dies    . 

2,70,71 

4,39 

Ingui,  ancestor  of  Ida     ...... 

82 

15 

870 

Ingvar,  a  Danish  -chief,  slays   king  Eadmund  of 

East  Anglia          .         .         .         . 

135 

60 

731 

Ingvvald,  bishop  of  London,  assists  at  the  consecration 

of  archbishop  Tatwine          .... 

77 

40 

1129 

Innocent  II.,  pope  

379 

227 

1014 

Inundation  of  the  sea      

274,275 

120 

777 

Inwona,  bishop  of  Lindsey,  witnesses  a  lease  by  the 

abbot  of  Medeshamstede        .... 

92 

46 

565 

lona,  abbey  founded  in,  by  St.  Columba  . 

30,31 

16 

71G 

monks  of,  prevailed  on  by  Ecgberht  to  observe 

39 

991 

Ipswich  (Gypeswic),  plundered  by  the  Danes 

238,  239 

104 

993 

„                 „                „            byOlaf. 

240 

105 

655 

Ithamar,  bishop  of  Rochester,  consecrates  Deusdedit 

to  Canterbury       ...... 

51 

25 

656 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  Medeshamstede    . 

52 

26 

J. 

763 

Janbryht  (Jaenbyrht),  archbishop  of  Canterbury     . 

88,89 

44 

764 

receives  the  pall       .         .         .         . 

90,91 

45 

785 

deprived  of  part  of  his  diocese  .... 

96,97 

47 

790 

dies          .         

98,99 

48 

656 

Jaruman,  bishop   of  the   Mercians,  witnesses  king 

Wulfhere's  grant  to  Medeshamstede 

52 

26 

855  \ 

Jeothete   (Judith),   daughter  of  Charles  the  Bald, 

856  / 

married  to  king  vEthelwulf 

124,  125 

57  _ 

922 

Jeothwel,  king  of  North  Wales,  submits  to  Eadward 

the  Elder      

195 

84 

71 

Jews,  11  1,000  slain  by  Titus  

12,  13 

8 

1137 

of  Norwich,  crucify  a  boy         .... 

383 

232 

448 

John  the  Baptist,  discovers  his  head  to  two  monks  . 

19 

12 

685 

John  fof  IJeverley),  bishop  of  Hexham  —  of  York  — 

resigns         

63 

34 

721 

dies          

73 

39 

1114 

John,  a  monk  of  Seez,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  sent 

370 

212 

1115 

371 

213 

1125 

377 

222 

1114 

John,  archdeacon  of  Canterbury,  goes  to  Rome 

370 

213 

1123 

accompanies  archbishop  William   Curboil    to 

Rome  

374 

219 

1118 

John,  pope.     See  Gelasius. 

286 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Page 

A.S.  text. 

>sof 

>  , 
Transl. 

1125 

John  of  Crema,  cardinal,  sent  to  England  —  holds  a 

great  council        ...                 . 

376 

221 

1125 

John,  bishop  of  Lothian,  goes  to  Rome     . 

377 

222 

1130 

John,  bishop  of  Rochester,  assists  at  the  consecration 

of  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and  Rochester 

cathedrals     

380 

227 

1130 

John,  bishop  of  Seez,  assists  at    the  consecration 

of  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and  Rochester 

cathedrals     

380 

227 

Judith.     See  Jeothete. 

903 

Judoc,  St.  (or  Ludoc),  translation  of       .         .         . 

181 

76 

B.C.  60 

Julius  Caesar,  invades  Britain  

4 

G 

A.D.  604 

Justus,  first  bishop  of  Rochester       .... 

36,  37 

18 

616 

archbishop  of  Canterbury         .... 

40,41 

20 

625 

consecrates  Paulinus  bishop  of  the  Northum- 

brians   

42,43 

20 

627 

dies         

45 

21 

449 

Jutes,  what  races  in  England  descend  from  the 

20,21 

11 

K. 

819 

Kenelm,    succeeds   his  father    Kenwnlf,    king    of 

Mercia          

— 

52  note. 

449 

Kent,  peopled  by  the  Jutes      

20,21 

11 

676 

ravaged  by  JEthelred,  king  of  Mercia 

60,61 

32 

6861 
687  / 

„       by  Ceadwalla,  king  of  Wessex     . 

62,63 

35 

694 

pays  a  blood-fine  to  king  Ine,  for  the  murder  of 

Mul     ... 

66,  67 

36 

8651 
994  J 

ravaged  by  the  Danes      .... 

130,  131 
242,  243 

59 
105 

1088 

„      by  bishop  Odo    

357 

192 

992 

Kenulf,  abbot  of  Peterborough 

221 
240,  241 

95 
105 

963 

bishop  of  Winchester       

221 

95 

1006 

dies                                                                     -[ 

255,  256, 
257 

1    113 

I 

Kenwalh.     See  Cenwalh. 

Knut.     See  Cnut. 

Kola.     See  Cola. 

656 

Kyneburh  (Cyneburh),  sister  of  Wulfhere  of  Mercia, 
advises  and  attests  Wulfhere's  grant  to  Medes- 

hamstede      

52,  53 

25,  26 

9G3 

body  of,  removed  to  Peterborough    . 

221 

96 

Kynegils.     See  Cynegils. 

65G 

Kyneswith  (Cyneswith),    sister  of  Wulfhere  and  1 

52,53 

25,26 

Kyneburh  (as  above)    ..,..../ 

221 

96 

1053 

Kynsige,  archbishop  of  York  ..... 

322 

155 

1055 

fetches  his  pall  ..... 

324 

156 

1060 

dies          .... 

328,  329 

161 

977 

Kyrtlington,  witenagemot  at   

230 

99 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


287 


A  D 

Pag 

es  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1086 

L. 

Landholders    in    England,    swear     allegiance     to 
William  I  

353 

186 

1070 
1070 
1072 

1087 

Lanfranc,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
asserts  the  supremacy  of  Canterbury  over  York 
goes  to  Home  —  holds  a  council  at  Winchester  . 
crowns  William  TL  . 

344,  386 
344,  386 
386 
356,  387 

175 
175 

191 

1089 
616 

dies         
Laurentius,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  resolves  to 
depart—  scourged  by  St.  Peter,  converts  king 
Eadbald,  and  dies          

358 
40,41 

193 
19,20 

896 

785 

918 
942 

797 

813] 
814  I 

Lea,  river,  blockaded  by  king  ^Elfred 
Legates,  sent  from  Rome        
Legeceaster.    See  Chester. 
Leicester  (Legraceaster),  taken  by  JEthelflaed  . 
recovered  from  the  Danes  by  king  Eadmund    . 
Leo  III.,  pope,  maimed,  deposed,  and  restored  to 
sight  and  speech  ....         .        . 

172,  173 
97 

192,  193 
208,  209 

102,  103 
108,  109 

73 

47 

81 

89 

50 

52 

816J 
8531 
854  / 
1048 
10471 
1049  J 
1054 

Leo  IV.,  pope,  consecrates  Alfred  .... 
Leo  IX.,  holds  a  council  at  Eheims 
and  at  Rome  and  Vercelli        .... 
dies          

124,127 
305 
309 
323,  324 

57 
139 
143 
155,  156 

982 

Leodulf  (Liudolf),  nephew  of  Eadward  the  Elder, 
dies  in  the  East    ..... 

236 

103 

1056 

Leodwald,  ancestor  of  Ceolwulf       .... 
Leofgar,  bishop  of  Hereford,  slain  in  battle  against 
the  Welsh    

74,75 
326 

40 
158 

1001 

Leofric,  of  Whitchurch,  slain  .... 

249 

110 

1036 
1043 
10481 
1052  J 
1056 
1057 

Leofric,  earl,  supports  Harold  Barefoot  . 
assists  in  despoiling  queen  Emma    . 

summoned  by  king  Eadward  to  Gloucester 

makes  peace  with  the  Welsh     .... 
dies          

293 
298 

314,315 

326 
328,  329 

129 
133 

145,  147 

158       ' 
159 

10451 
1046  J 

founder  of  the  abbey  of  Coventry     . 
Leofric,  bishop  of  Devonshire  and  Cornwall  (Cre- 
diton)  

337 
302,  303 

170 
134,  135 

1052 
1066 

1011 

Leofric,  abbot  of  Peterborough        .... 
at  the  battle  of  Hastings  —  sickens  and  dies— 
his  munificence    
Leofrun,  abbess  of  St.  Mildred's,  captured  by  the 

321 
337 
266,  267 

153 
170 
117 

1002 
1002 

Leofsige  aldorman,    sent  to  propose  peace  to  the 
Danes  
banished  for  the  murder  of  JEfic  aldorman 

250,251 
252,  253 

111 
111 

288 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pag 

,  • 
A.S.  text. 

es  of 
Transl. 

1033 

Leofsige,  bishop  of  Worcester,  dies 

292 

129 

1001 

Leofwine,  high  reeve,  slain      

250 

110 

1022 

Leofwine,  abbot  of  Ely,  clears  himself  before  pope 

Benedict       

287 

126 

10511 
1052J 

Leofwine,  son  of  earl  Godwine,  flees  to  Ireland 

312,314 

145,  149 

10GG 

slain  at  Hastings      

337,338 

167,  169 

1053 

Leofwine,  bishop  of  Lichfield  —  consecrated  abroad  . 

322 

154,155 

1054 

consecrates  the  abbey  of  Evesham     . 

322,  324 

155,  151) 

1070 

Leofwino  Lange,  a  monk  of  Peterborough 

345 

177 

1046 

Leominster,  abbess  of,  abduction  of,  by  Swegen 

302 

136 

840 

Lewis  I.,  emperor,  dies    

121 

55 

1108 

Lewis  VI.,  king  of  France      ..... 

368 

210 

1116 

at  war  with  Theobald,  count  of  Blois 

371 

213 

1117 

invades  Normandy  

371 

214 

1119 

372 

215 

1120 

makes  peace  with  Henry          .... 

372 

216 

1124 

again  at  war  with  -Henry          .... 

375 

220 

1127 

gives  his  wife's  sister  in  marriage  to  William, 

son  of  count  Robert      

377 

223 

1127 

gives  Flanders  to  William  of  Normandy   . 

377 

223 

1129 

acknowledges  Gregory  (Innocent  II.)  as  pope  . 

379 

227 

885 

Lidwikings,  Lidwiccas     

154,  155 

67 

915 

ravage  North  Wales  and  Ireland 

188,189 

79 

1120 

Light,  at  the  holy  sepulchre     

373 

216 

793] 

r 

101 

48 

1086  1 
1117  f 

Lightning,  extraordinary                                            < 

353 
371 

187 
214 

1118J 

[ 

372 

215 

626 

Lilla,  king  Eadwine's  thane,  stabbed  by  Eomer 

43 

20 

941  \ 

942  J 

Lincoln,  recovered  from  the  Danes  by  king  Eadmund 

210,211 

89 

1067 

a  castle  built  at         

342 

172 

1123 

nearly  burnt     

375 

220 

1140 

besieged  by  king  Stephen          .... 

384 

233 

793 

Lindisfarne,  pillaged,  and  church  at,  destroyed  by  the 

Danes  

101 

48 

627 

Lindsey,  Christianity  preached  in,  by  Paulinus 

43 

21 

838 

many  slain  iu,  by  the  Danes     .... 

118,  119 

55 

993 

ravaged  by  the  Danes      

240,241 

105 

1013 

submits  to  king  Svein       

270 

118 

1014 

„       to  Cnut,  and  ravaged  by  JEthelred 

274,275 

120 

946 

Liofa,  stabs  king  Eadmund      

212,213 

90 

Liudolf.     See  Leodulf. 

887 

Lombardy,  assigned  to  Berenger  and  Yirido 

158,159 

68 

839 

London,  a  great  slaughter  at     

118,119 

55 

886 

restored  by  king  JElfred,  and  given  to  the  aldor- 

man  ./Ethelred      

156,157 

67 

962 

great  mortality  and  fever  in 

218 

92 

982 

burnt                ....... 

236 

103 

994 

besieged  by  Olaf  (Anlaf)  and  Svein 

240,  241 

105 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


289 


AD 

Page 

JS  Of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1009 
101G 
10471 

London  —  cont. 
assailed  by  the  Danes       
besieged  by  Cnut      

262,263 

280,  281 

309 

115 
122 

143 

1049  J 
1077  \ 
1087  J 
1097 
896 
896 
1013 

burnt        j 

Tower  of,  walled      
Londoners,  put  to  flight  by  the  Danes      . 
seize  the  Danish  ships      

361 
354 
363 
172,173 
174,175 
272,  273 

183 
188 
202 
73 
73 
119 

1016 
1040 
1125 
10461 
1047  J 
167 
897 
825 

1013 
1020 
1038 

buy  peace  of  the  Danes    
attempt  to  seize  the  empress  Matilda 
Lothian,  bishop  of,  goes  to  Rome     .... 
Lothin   and   Erling,    plunder    Sandwich    and  the 
eastern  coast        ...... 
Lucius,  a  British  king,  his  conversion 
Lucumon,  a  king's  reeve,  slain         .... 
Ludecan,  king  of  Mercia,  slain         .... 
Ludcc.     See  Judoc. 
Lyfing,  archbishop  of  Canterbury    .... 
dies          
Lyfing,  bishop  of  Crediton,  made  bishop  of  Wor- 
cester arid  Gloucester   ..... 

284,  285 
384 
377 

304,  305 
14,  15 
176,177 
112,  113 

270,271 
286,  287 

297 

124 
233 
222 

137 
9 
74 
53 

118 
125 

131 

1044] 
1045  I 

302,  303 

134,  135 

10*7  J 

1054 

891  1 

M. 

Macbeoth,  king  of  Scots,  defeated  by  earl  Siward    . 

322 

155 

892  J 
501 
1031 

Maccbethu,  an  Irish  pilgrim,  visits  king  JElfred 

Macgla,  son  of  Port,  lands  in  Britain 
Maelbsethe,  a  Scottish  king,  submits  to  Cnut     . 
Mseldvin.     See  Maldon. 

100,  161 

24,  25 
291 

69 

13 
128 

891 
10G7 

1069 

1046 
1047"! 
1048  J 
1048 

Meelinmum,  an  Irish  pilgrim,  visits  king  JElfred 
Maerleswegen  (a  Danish  chief),  retires  to  Scotland  . 
'  Daneis  esteit,  riche  e  baron.'     Gaimar. 
joins  the  Danes  in  demolishing  the  castle  at 
York    
Magnus,  king  of  Norway,  threatens  England  . 

drives  out  Svein  and  wins  Denmark 

160,  161 
340,341 

342 
303 

302,  304 
304 

69 
171 

174 
134 

135,  136 
136 

1062 

10741 
1073  J 
1099 

nio 

Mahald.     See  Matilda. 
Maine,  Le,  subjugated  by  William,  coimt  of  Normandy 

reduced  by  William  I  

subdued  by  William  IL    .        .        . 
seized  by  Fiilk,  count  of  Anjou 

329 
346,  347 

364 
369 

161 
179 

203 
211 

VOL,  II. 


290 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

945 

Malcolm  I.,  king  of  Scotland,  holds  Cumberland  of 

212,213 

90 

1031 

Malcolm  II.,  king  of  Scotland,  submits  to  Cnut 

290,291 

128 

1034 

292 

129 

1067 

Malcolm  III.,  king  of  Scotland,  marries  Margaret, 

sister  of  Eadgar  setheling    .  . 

340,  341 

171 

1072  \ 
1073  J 

does  homage  to  William  I  

346,  347 

179 

1075 

receives  Eadgar    setheling  at  his    court  —  his 

346 

179 

10791 
1091  J 

invades  and  ravages  England  ...        -1 

351 
359 

183 
195 

1091 

his  compact  with  William  II  

359 

195 

1093 

summoned  to  Gloucester  by  William  —  his  treat- 

ment there   ....                . 

359 

19G 

1093 

invades  England  and  is  slain    .... 

360 

196 

920 

Maldon,  fortified  by  king  Eadward  the  Elder  . 

192 

81 

921 

besieged  by  the  Danes  .        .        . 

192 

82 

991  \ 
993  J 

a  battle  at  —  Brihtnoth  aldorman,  slain 

238,  239 
240 

104 
105 

1095 

Malveisin,  a  castle  built  by  William  II.,  opposite 

Bamborough         

361 

199 

1000 

Man,  Isle  of,  ravaged  by  king  ^Ethelred  . 

248,  249 

110 

923 

Manchester,  repaired  and  garrisoned  by  Eadward 

the  Elder     

196 

84 

921 

Manna  jarl,  slain     

194 

82 

1045 

Manni,  abbot  of  Evesham        

303 

135 

1087 

Mantes,  burnt  by  William  I  

354 

188 

155  \ 
161  J 

Marcus  Antoninus,  emperor    

14,15 

9 

1067 

Margaret,  sister  of  Eadgar  setheling,  takes  refuge  in 

Scotland,  and  is  married  to  king  Malcolm     . 

340,  341 

171 

1093 

dies  of  grief  for  the  death  of  Malcolm 

360 

196 

883  "1 

Marinus  (Martinus),  pope,  sends  a  piece  of  the  true 

884  J 

cross  to  king  Alfred    ..... 

150,151 

GG 

885 

dies         

154,155 

67 

449 

Martian  and  Valentinian,  emperors  .... 

18,19 

11 

444 

Martin,  St.,  dies      

19 

11 

1132 

Martin,  abbot  of,  Peterborough       .... 

381 

229 

1137 

his  beneficence  —  goes  to  Rome 

383 

231,232 

1154 

dies         

385 

235 

6421 
641  J 

Maserfeld,  king  Oswald  slain  at      .... 

46,47 

23 

1116 

Mast,  scarcity  of    

371 

213 

1103 

Mathias,  abbot  of  Peterborough,  dies 

366 

206 

1067 

Matilda,  wife  of  William  L,  arrives  in  England,  and 

is  crowned   .        .  ' 

340 

172 

1083 

dies         

352 

185 

1100 

Matilda,  daughter  of  king  Malcolm  and  Margaret, 

married  to  Henry  I. 

305 

204 

1118 

dies 

372 

215 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX, 


291 


A.D. 

Page 

s  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1109 

Matilda,   daughter  of  Henry  I.,  settlement  of  her 

marriage  with  the  emperor  Henry  V.   . 

369 

210 

1110 

married  to  the  emperor  Henry  V.     . 

369 

210 

1126 

returns  to  England           ..... 

377 

222 

1127 

receives   oaths  of  allegiance  from  the  nobles 

and  clergy   

377 

223 

1127 

marries  Geoffrey,  count  of  Anjou 

377 

223 

11401 
(1141)} 

comes  to  London  and  flees  away 

384 

233 

1140    1 
(1141)} 

besieged  in  Winchester  and  escapes 

384 

233 

1140    1 
(1142)} 

besieged  in  Oxford  and  escapes  to  Wallingford 

384 

234 

1140    1 

384 

234 

(1146)} 

1140    1 
(1141)} 

Matilda,   queen  of  Stephen,   besieges  the  empress 
Matilda  in  Winchester       

384 

233 

1140    1 

/  1  ••  tf>\   r 

dies          

384 

234 

(1152)  J 

1085 

Maurice,  bishop  of  London     ...... 

353 

186 

1100 

consecrates  Henry  I  

365 

204 

1107 

dies          

368 

209 

573 

34,35 

17 

381 

Maximus,  emperor,  slays  Gratian  —  slain  by  Valen- 

tinian           ....... 

16,17 

10 

655 

Medeshainstede     (Peterborough),     monastery     at, 

founded  by  kings  Peada  and  Oswiu 

50 

25 

G56 

endowed  and  chartered  by  king  Wulf  here 

52 

25 

656 

consecrated  by  abp.  Deusdedit  and  other  prelates 

53 

26 

675 

privileged  by  pope  Agatho,  and  chartered  by 

58 

31 

686 

grant  to,  by  king  Ceadwalla     .         .         .         . 

63 

35 

777 

land  at,  let  by  abbot  Beonna    .... 

92 

46 

870 

burnt  by  the  Danes          .... 

135 

60 

963 

rebuilt  by  bishop  Athelwold,  and  chartered  by 

220 

93 

963 

name  changed  to  Burch  (Borough) 

221 

95 

1052 

called  the  golden  borough         .... 

321 

153 

1059 

the  tower  consecrated       ..... 

328 

160 

1066 

miserable  state  of     ...... 

337 

170 

1070 

pillaged  by  Hereward  and  his  men  . 

344,  345 

176 

1102 

„      by  robbers  from  Auvergne,   Trance, 

366 

206 

1116 

burnt       ....... 

371 

213 

1127 

spectral  huntsmen  seen  at         .... 

378 

224 

1137 

enriched  and  improved  by  abbot  Martin  . 

383 

231 

604 

Mellitus,  bishop,  converts  the  East  Saxons 

36,37 

18 

604 

receives  the  see  of  London       .... 

38,39 

18 

616 

succeeds  to  the  archbishopric  of  Canterbury 

40,41 

20 

624 

dies          ....... 

43 

20 

449 

Mercia,  peopled  by  the  Angles        .... 

20,21 

12 

655 

converted  to  Christianity          .... 

50 

24 

T    2 


292 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

827 
8681 
872  } 
874 
877 
905 
910 

911 
922 
1016 
1033 
656 

449 
653 

9G4 
772 
685 
759 
761 
963 
1071 
1087 

1124 
963 

1125 

734 
806 
1107 
1110 
1117 
1106 
1123 
1095 
1093 

1095 

1015 

10641 
1065  J 
1066 

1066 
1066 

Mercia  —  cont. 
subdued  by  king  Ecgberht       .... 

makes  peace  Avith  the  Danes     . 

given  by  the  Danes  to  Ceolwulf 
partition  of,  by  the  Danes         .... 
ravaged  by  the  Danes      
with  the  West  Saxons,  fight  against  the  Danes  1 
at  Tettenhall         / 
ravaged  by  the  Northumbrian  Danes 
submits  to  Eadward  the  Elder 
ravaged  by  Cnut      

112,  113 
134,  135 
142,  143 
142,  143 
146,  147 
180,  181 
183,184, 
185 
184,  185 
195 
276,277 
293 

52 

20,21 
50  51 

53 
59 
62 
63 
64 
76 

}  - 

77 
84 
121 
129 

25 

12 
24 
94 
45 
34 
44 
44 
93 
176 
188 

220 

94 
221 

40 
52 
209 
210 
214 
208 
220 
199 

196 

199 
120 

162,  163 

165,  166 
166,  167 

1G9 
168 

Merehwit,  bishop  of  Wells,  dies       .... 
Merewald,  brother  of  Wulfhere,  king   of  Mercia, 
assists  in  founding  Medeshawistede 
Meulan   (Mellent),  counts    of.      See  Robert,    and 
Waleram. 
Middle  Angles,  their  origin     

Middleton  (Milton),  secular  priests  expelled  from     . 
Mildred  (Milred),  bishop  of  Worcester,  dies     . 
Milk  and  butter,  turned  to  blood      .... 
Moll  JEthelwold,  king  of  Northumbria    . 
slays  Oswine  at  Eadwine's  cliff 
Monasteries,  many  founded  by  bishop  Athelwold 
despoiled  by  William  I.    . 

222,  223 
90,91 
63 
89 
89 
220 
344 

many  built  in  his  reign    ..... 
Monbray,  or  Moubray.     See  Robert. 

354 
376 

220 
376 

76,77 
107 
368 
369 
371 
367 
375 
362 

360 

362 

274,  27.-) 

331,332 

336 
336,  337 
338 
338 

Money  ers  (Minters),   one   at  Stamford  for    Peter- 
borough         

false  moneyers  punished  for  issuing  base  coin   . 
Moon.     See  Eclipse, 
appears  bloody  
a  cross  seen  in  the    

tokens  seen  in  the     

extraordinary  appearance  of  the 
appears  bloody          
Moons,  two  seen      

Montfort,  castle  of,  taken  by  Henry  I.      ... 
Montgomery,  castle  of,  demolished  by  the  Welsh 
Morel,  steward  to  Robert  of  Monbray,  slays  king 
Malcolm       

surrenders   Bamborough   to  William    II.,  and 
reveals  the  names  of  the  instigators  to  rebellion 
Morker,  thane,  murdered  by  Eadric,  aldorman 

Morkere,  son  of  JElfgar,  chosen  earl  of  Northumbria 
repulses  earl  Tostig  . 

worsted  by  Harald,  king  of  Norway  .         .       / 
promises  to  support  Eadgar  setheling 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


293 


A.D. 

Page 

sof 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Morkere  —  cont. 

1066 

accompanies  William  the  Conqueror  to   Nor- 

mandy            

339 

170 

1072 

revolts  from  William  and  flees  to  Ely 

346,  347 

178 

1072 

submits  to  William  

346,  347 

178 

Mortain.     See  William. 

822 

Muca  aldorman,  slain       

110,  111 

53 

686 

Mul,  brother  of  Cead  walla  of  Wessex,  ravages  Kent 

- 

and  Wight    

62,63 

35 

687 

burnt  by  the  Kentish  people      .... 

62,63 

35 

684 

his  death  compensated  for         .... 

66,67 

36 

Mundbrseg.     See  Robert. 

Murrain.     See  Cattle. 

N. 

508 

Natanleod,  a  British  king,  slain         .... 

26,27 

14 

343 

Nicholas,  St.,  dies    

17 

10 

1059 

Nicholas  II.,  pope    

328,  329 

160 

1061 

dies          ........ 

328 

161 

921 

Niel,  slain  by  his  brother,  king  Sihtric     . 

195 

83 

565 

Ninna  (Nina),  bishop,  converts  the  southern  Picts    . 

31,32 

16 

876 
1096 

Normandy,  subjugated  by  Rolf  (Rollo)     . 
pledged  to  king  William    II.   by  his  brother 

145 

64 

Robert          

362 

201 

1106 

reduced  by  Henry  I.          

368 

209 

1140 

revolts  to  Geoffrey,  count  of  Anjou  . 

384 

234 

1010 

Northampton,  plundered  and  burnt  by  the  Danes 

264,  265 

116 

1065 

plunder  and  slaughter  at,  by  the  '  Ry  threnan  '  . 

332 

163 

1017 

Northman,  son  of  Leofwine,  slain     .... 

284,  285 

124 

Northmen.     See  Danes  and  Northmen. 

449 

North  umbria,  peopled  by  the  Angles 

20,21 

12 

633 

ravaged  by  Ceadwalla  and  Penda 

45 

22 

737 

„        by  ^Ethelbald  of  Mercia 

77 

40 

794 

„         by  the  Danes        ..... 

101 

49 

827 

submits  to  king  Ecgbryht          .... 

112,  113 

53 

867 

civil    dissensions   between  kings  Osbryht  and 

JElla     

132,  133 

59 

875 

subdued  by  Halfdan          

144,  145 

63 

876 

divided  among  his  followers     .... 

144,  145 

64 

^894 

fleet  of  (Dano-Northumbrian)  attacks  Exeter    . 

166,  167 

70 

941 

Olaf  chosen  king  of          

209 

89 

944 

reduced  by  king  Eadmund        .... 

212,213 

90 

948 

ravaged  by  king  Eadred  

213 

90 

952 

Eric,  Harald's  son,  chosen  king  of    . 

215 

91 

954 

„          „             expelled      .... 

215 

91 

1017 

placed  by  Cnut  under  Yric       .... 

284,  285 

124 

1065 

men  of,  expel  earl  Tostig  and  choose  Morkere 

for  earl         .                  

331,332 

162 

1069 

laid  waste  by  William  the  Conqueror 

342,  343 

174 

294 


CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


A.D. 

Page 

1  A.  S.  text. 

8  Of 

Transl. 

Northumbria  —  cont. 

1079 

laid  waste  by  Malcolm  of  Scotland  . 

351 

183 

1028 

Norway,  subdued  by  Cnut       

290,291 

128 

1058 

a  fleet  from       

328 

160 

1030 

Norwegians,  slay  their  king  St.  Olaf 

290,  291 

128 

1066 

invade  England  under  king  Harald  Hardrada  . 

336,337 

165,  167 

1098 

slay  Hugh,  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  in  Anglesey     . 

364 

202 

1004 

Norwich,  plundered  and  burnt  by  the  Danes 

252-255 

112 

1075  "1 

marriage  at,  of  earl  Ralph  and  the  daughter  of 

1076  J 

William  Fitz  Osbern            .... 

348,  349 

180,  181 

1088 

castle  of,  occupied  by  Roger,  earl  of  Hereford  . 

357 

192 

1137 

383 

232 

736 

Nothhelm,  archbp.  of  Canterbury,  receives  the  pall 

76,  77 

40 

740 

79 

41 

922 

Nottingham,  restored  and  re-peopled  by  Eadward  the 

Elder  

195 

84 

924 

fortified  on  the  south  side  of  the  Trent 

196 

84 

942 

recovered  from  the  Danes  by  king  Eadmund     . 

210,211 

89 

1067 

a  castle  built  at,  by  William  the  Conqueror 

342 

172 

1016 

Nottinghamshire,  ravaged  by  Cnut 

278,279 

122 

710 

Nunna  (Nun),  kinsman   of  king  Ine,  fights  with 

Gerent,  the  Welsh  king        .... 

68,71 

38 

1049 

Nymegen,  palace  at,  destroyed  by  Baldwine,  count 

of  Flanders         

308 

138 

0. 

1124 

Oats,  high  price  of         

376 

220 

Ocga,  ancestor  of  Ceolwulf    

74,75 

40 

Ockley.     See  Aclea. 

1 

Octavianus,  emperor        

6,7 

6 

Oda.     See  Eudes. 

958 

Oda,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  separates  king  Ead- 

wig  and  ^Elfgyfu        

217 

91 

961 

dies         

218 

92 

Odda,  emperor.     See  Otho. 

1048 

Odda,  earl  of  Devon,  Somersetshire,  etc. 

317 

146 

1052 

appointed  to  command  the  fleet        . 

317 

150 

1056 

dies         

326 

159 

1066 
1082 

Odo,  bishop  of  Bayeux,  left  as  regent  of  England    . 
arrested  by  William  I  

339 
351 

170 
184 

1088 

rebels  against  William  II  

356 

191 

1088 

ravages  his  own  earldom  (Kent),  and  conveys 

his  booty  to  Rochester  —  flees  to  Pevensey    . 

357 

192 

1088 

'surrenders  and  leaves  England 

358 

193 

617 

Offa  setheling,  son  of  king  ^Ethelfrith  of  Northum- 

bria,  banished  by  king  Eadwine  . 

43 

20 

Offa,  ancestor  of  Penda  

42 

21 

»                       Offa     

86 

44 

709 

Oifa,  king  of  the  East  Saxons,  goes  to  Rome  . 

68,  69 

38 

CHBON6LOGICAL  INDEX. 


295 


A.D. 



Pagj 
A.S.  text. 

s  of 
Transl. 

755 
777 
777 
792 
7941 
796  J 
911 
915 
911 
937 

941 
942 
943 
943 
943 
944 

949 
952 
994 

994 
1028 

1030 
1066 
780 
885 
964 
894 
965 
461 
47| 

1054 
1072 

867 
911 
633 
10441 
1045  1 
1016  f 
1047  J 
10491 
1050  J 
1054 
875 

Offa,  king  of  Mercia  —  his  genealogy 
fights  with  king  Cynewulf  of  Wessex,  at  Benson 
witnesses  a  lease  by  the  abbot  of  Medeshamstede 
murders  JEthelbyrht,  king  of  the  East  Angles 

dies          

Ohter  (Ottar)  jarl,  slain  
Ohter  (Ottar)  jarl,  ravages  NorthWales  from  Brittany 
Olaf  (Anlaf)  the  Black,  slain          .... 
Olaf  (Anlaf),  king  of  Dublin,  defeated  at  Brunan- 
burh    ...         
chosen  king  by  the  Northumbrians 

83,  86,  87 
92,93 
92 
98,  99 

100,  103 

184,  185 

188,  189 
184,  185 

200,  201 
209 
209 
211 
211 
211 

212,213 
215 
215 

240,241 
240,  242, 
243 

290,291 
290,291 
338 
92,93 
154,155 
222,223 
170,171 
223 

10,11 

322 
386 

132,  133 
184,  185 
45 

302,  303 

308 
322,  324 
144,  145 

42,44 
45 
46 

48 

49,50 

78 
79 
78 

86 
89 
89 
89 
89 
90 

90 
90 
91 

105 
1  105,  106 

128 
128 
166 
46 
67 
95 
72 
95 

8 
155 

59 

78 
22 

134,  136 

139,141 
155,156 
63 

Olaf  (Anlaf),  takes  Tamworth        .... 
besieged  in  Leicester  by  king  Eadmund   . 
baptized  ......... 
Olaf  (Anlaf),  son  of  Sihtric,  expelled  from  North- 

Olaf  Kvaran  (Anlaf  Cwiran),  comes  to  Northumbria 

Olaf  (Anlaf)  Tryggvason,  king  of  Norway,  comes 
with  Svein,  king  of  Denmark,  to  London, 
goes  thence  to  Staines,   Sandwich,  Ipswich, 
and  Maldon,  and  defeats  and  slays  Bryhtnoth 

confirmed  at   Andover,   and  promises  never  "1 
again  to  invade  England     .         .         .         .  J 
Olaf  Haraldsson,  king,  driven  from  Norway  by  king 
Cnut    

slain  by  his  own  people  and  sainted 
Olaf,  son  of  Harald  Hardrada          .... 
Old  Saxons,  battle  between  them  and  the  Franks    . 
with  the  Frisians,  fight  against  the  Danes 

Ordeh  (Ordeah),  a  king's  thane,  slain    . 
Ordgar  aldorman,  father  of  queen  JElfthryth  . 

Orkneys,  subdued  by  Claudius        .... 

Osbearnjarl.     See  Asbiorn. 
Osbern,  son  of  earl  Siward,  slain     .... 
Osbern.  bishop  of  Exeter        
Osbern.     See  Asbiorn. 
Osbryht,  king  of  Northumbria,  deposed  and  slain     . 
Osferth  Hlytte,  slain       ...... 

Osfrith,  son  of  king  Eadwine,  slain  at  Hatfield 
Osgod  Clapa,  banished  and  outlawed 
lies  with  a  fleet  at  Wulpe—  plunders  on  the 

Oskytel,  a  Danish  king  . 

296 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Page 

/ 

A.S.  text. 

•sof 
Transl. 

905 
971 

568 
617 

966 
975 
617 

833 
1099 

Oskytel  hold,  slain           
Oskytel,  archbishop  of  York,  dies    .... 
Oslac  (Oslaf  )  aldorman,  slain           .... 
Oslac   tctheling,  son  of  king  ^Ethelfrith  of  North- 
umbria,  banished  by  king  Eadwine 
Oslac,  made  an  aldorman        
banished          ....... 
Oslaf  aetheling,  son  of  king  JEthelfrith  of  North- 
umbria, banished  by  king  Eadwine 
Osmod,  ancestor  of  Off  a 
Osmod  aldorman,  dies     
Osmund,  bishop  of  Salisbury,  dies  .... 

182,  183 
222 
32,33 

43 
223 

228,  229 

43 
86 
116,  117 
364 

77 
96 
16 

20 
96 

98,  99 

20 
-H 
54 
203 

705 
716 

789 
790 

Osred  I.,  king  of  Northumbria         .... 
slain        
Osred  II.,  king  of  Northumbria       .... 

69 
70,71 
99 
99 

38 
38 
48 
48 

792 
634 
716 

729  1 

slain         
Osric  king  of  Deira,  baptized  by  Paulinus 
Osric  king  of  Northumbria      

99 
45 
70,  71 

74  75 

48 
22 
38 

40 

731  J 
755 
845 

Osric  aldorman       
Osric  aldorman,    defeats  the  Danes,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Parret    

84,85 
1°0  121 

43 
55 

860 
680 

697 

Osric,  aldorman  of  Hampshire,  defeats  the  Danes    . 
Osthryth  (Ostryth),  queen  of  JEthelred  of  Mercia, 
signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede     . 
murdered         

128.  129 

59 

67 

58 

33 
37 

617 

634 
635 
642 

Oswald  setheling,  son  of  king  ^Ethelfrith  of  North- 
umbria, banished  by  king  Eadwine 
succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Northumbria 
sponsor  to  king  Cynegils  of  Wessex 
slain  at  Maserfeld 

43 
45 

46,47 
46  47 

20 
22 
22 
93 

909 
728 

the  sixth  Brytenwalda      .         .         .         . 
his  body  transferred  from  Bardney  to  Mercia  . 
Oswald,   son  of  ^Kthelbald,  fights  with  king  JEthel- 
heard  of  Wessex  . 

112,  113 
182,  183 

79  73 

53 

77 

39 

730 

dies          ' 

74  75 

40 

992 
1010 

Oswald,  archbishop  of  York,  dies     . 
Oswig,  with  his  son,  slain 

238,239   1 
°62  963 

104 
1  1  fi 

10491 
1050/ 
6441 

Oswig,  abbot  of  Thorney,  dies         .... 
Oswine,  king  of  Deira    

310 
49 

140,142 
93 

643  J 
651 
761 
617 

642 
651 
655 

667 

murdered  by  command  of  king  Oswiu 
Oswine  setheling,  slain  by  Moll,  king  of  Northumbria 
Oswiu  (Osweo),  son  of  king  ^Ethelfritb  of  North- 
umbria, banished  by  king  Eadwine 
succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Northumbria 
causes  king  Oswine  to  be  slain 
with  Peada,  king  of  Mercia,  founds  the  monas- 
tery at  Medeshamstede          .... 
sends  Wigheard  for  consecration  to  Rome 

50,51 
89 

43 
48,49 
51 

50 
57 

24 
44 

20 
23 
24 

25 
30 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


297 


A.D. 



Page 

,  N 
A.S.  text. 

sof 
Transl. 

Oswiu  —  cont. 

670 

dies  —  his  genealogy         .        .        . 

56,57 

30 

the  seventh  Brytenwalda          .... 

112,  113 

53 

617 

Oswudu  aetheling,  son  of  king  JEtkelfritli  of  North  - 

umbria,  banished  by  king  Eadwine 

43 

20 

757 

Oswulf  (Osulf),  king  of  Northumbria  —  slain  by  his 

own  household      ...... 

89 

44 

773 

Otford,  battle  at,  between  the  Mercians  and  the 

90,91 

45 

925 

Otho  (Ofse),  son  of  the  king  of  Germany,  marries 

king  JEthelstan's  sister          .... 

199 

85 

982 

Otho,  emperor,  defeats  in  Saracens  in  Greece  . 

236 

103 

982 

his  brother's  son,  Otho,  dies      .... 

236 

103 

911 

Othulf  hold,  slain    

184,  185 

78 

1120 

Ottuel,  brother  of  the  earl  of  Chester,  drowned 

373 

216 

926 

Owen.     See  Uwen,  and  Audoenus. 

1009 

Oxford,  burnt  by  the  Danes     ..... 

262,  263 

115  x 

1013 

submits  to  king  Svein       

270,271 

118 

10151 
1036J 

a  great  council  at     4 

274,275 
293 

120 
129 

11401 
(1142)/ 

held   by    the    empress  Matilda    against  king 
Stephen        

384 

234 

P. 

981 

Padstow  (St.  Petroc's  stow),  pillaged 

234 

102 

430 

Palladius  (Patricius),  sent  to  preach  to  the  Scots     . 

18,  19 

11 

1001 

Pallig,  a  Danish  chief,  deserts  from  king  JEthelred, 

and  burns  Teignton      ..... 

250 

110 

8161 
817J 

Paschal  I.,  pope      ...... 

108,  109 

52 

1115 

Paschal  II.,  pope,  sends  the  pall  to  archbishop  Kalph 

371 

213    . 

1118 

dies          

372 

215 

9621 

1087  J 

Paul's,  St.,  monastery  in  London,  burnt  .         .        •< 

220 
354 

92 

187 

601 

Paulinus,  converts  king  Eadwine  of  Northumbria     . 

36,37 

18 

625 

ordained  bishop  of  the  Northumbrians 

42,  43 

20 

626 

baptizes  Eanflsed,  daughter  of  king  Eadwine 

42,43 

21 

627 

baptizes  king  Eadwine,  receives  the  pall,  and 

627 

preaches  the  gospel  in  Lindsey 
consecrates  archbishop  Honorius 

42,43 
45 

21 
21 

633 

takes  refuge  in  Kent,  and  obtains  the  see  of 

644  1 

Rochester    

44,  45 

22 

643  J 

dies         

48,49 

23 

6.r.  3 

Peada  aldorman,  Middle  Angles  converted  under    . 

50,  51 

24 

655 

succeeds  to  the  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  founds 

the  monastery  at  Medeshamstede 

50,51 

25 

656 

slain,  through  his  queen,  by  treachery 

52,53 

25 

762 

Pehtwine,  bishop  of  Whiterne          .... 

89 

45 

776 

dies          ........ 

93 

45 

381 

Pelagian  heresy 

16,17 

10 

298 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.  text.     Transl. 

626 

Penda,  king  of  Mercia  —  his  genealogy    . 

42,43 

20,21 

628 

fights  with  Cynegils  and  Cwichelm  of  Wessex 

at  Cirencester      

44,45 

21 

633 

slays  Eadwine  of  Northumbria  at  Hatfield,  and 

44,45 

22 

642 

defeats  and  slays  Oswald  of  Northumbria  at 

Maserfeld    

46,47 

23 

6451 
644  J 

expels  Cenwalh,  king  of  Wessex     . 

48,49 

23 

655  1 
654  J 

slain  at  Winwidfeld        

50,51 

24 

7141 
713  J 

Pepin,  king,  dies    

71 

38 

1087 

Pershore,  (Thurstan)  abbot  of,  dies 

356 

191 

Pestilence.     See  Plague. 

616 

1073 

Peter,  St.,  scourges  archbishop  Laurentius 
Peter,  bishop  of  Lichfield       

40,41 

387 

19 

1129 

Peter  (Anacletus  II.),  chosen  pope 

379 

227 

1130 

Peter,  abbot  of  Cluny,  comes  to  England 
Peterborough.     See  Medeshamstede. 

380 

227 

Petroc's  (St.)  stow.     See  Padstow. 

7931 
1122  J 

Phenomena,  remarkable                                           j 

101 
373 

48 
217 

1075 

Philip  I.  of  France,  invites    Eadgar  setheling  to 

France        

346 

180 

10771 
1076  J 

at  war  with  William  I.    . 

350,351 

183 

1077 

makes  peace  with  William      .... 

351 

183 

1087 

at  war  with  William       ..... 

354 

188 

1090 

abandons  count  Robert  of  Normandy 

358 

194 

1094 

bribed  by  William  

361 

198 

1108 

dies        

368 

210 

1110 

Philip  de  Braiose,  deprived  of  his  lands 

369 

211 

1112 

recovers  them          

369 

211 

Picts,  from  Scythia,  land  in  Ireland,  and  sent  to 

Britain  —  their  regal  succession     . 

3 

5 

565 

northern,  converted  by  St.  Columba 

31,32 

16 

(400) 

southern,  by  bishop  Nina  (Ninna)  . 

31,32 

16 

699 

slay  Beorht,  aldorman      

67 

37 

710 

fight  with  Beorhtfrith  aldorman 

68,69 

38 

875 

harried  by  the  Danes       

144,  145 

63 

Pincanheal.    See  Finchale. 

1073 

Pinenden,  meeting  at     

387 



664^1 

r 

55,56 

30 

897  1 

I 

174,175 

73 

962  I 
1087  f 

Plague,  or  Pestilence,  in  England                           «j 

218 
353 

92 
187 

1112  J 

369 

211 

1125J 

I        377 

222 

.     890  1 
891  / 

Plegemundj  archbishop  of  Canterbury             .        .      160,161 

68 

923 

196 

84 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


299 


A.D. 



Pages  of 
A.S.  text.  !    Transl. 

1152 

Poitou,  acquired  by  Henry  of  Anjou  (Henry  II.) 

by  marriage         384 

234 

1120 

Ponthieu,  count  of,  makes  peace  with  Henry  I.    .         372 

216 

501 

Port,  lands  in  Britain      24,  25 

13 

982 

Portland,  ravaged  by  the  Danes      ....          234 

103 

1052 

plundered  by  earl  Godwine      . 

319 

51 

775 

Pusa,  abbot  of  Medeshamstede        .... 

93 

46 

(680) 

Putta,    bishop    of   Rochester,   at    the    council  of 

Hatfield       

59 

33 

Pybba,  father  of  Penda           

42 

21 

86 

44 

E. 

617 

Rsedwald,  king  of  East  Anglia,  defeats  and  slays 

king  JEthelferth           41 

20 

the  fourth  Brytenwalda   ..... 

112,113 

53 

944 

Rsegenald.     -See  Regnald. 

685 

Rain  of  blood          

63 

34 

10981 

f 

364 

203 

1116  I 

Rains,  heavy          •{ 

371 

213 

1117J 

I 

371 

214 

1052 

Ralph,  earl,  raises  forces  for  king  Eadward  the 

314 

148 

1052 

commands  king  Eadward's  fleet 

317 

150 

1055 

raises  a  force  against  earl  ^Elfgar  and  Griffith  . 

324 

157 

1057 

dies         

328 

159 

10761 

Ralph  (of  Guader),  earl  of  Norfolk,  marriage  of, 

1075  J 

and  conspiracy     ...... 

348,  349 

180 

1114 

Ralph,  bishop  of  Rochester,  made  archbishop  of 

Canterbury           

370 

212 

1115 

receives  the  pall       

371 

213 

1122 

dies    f     .                                  ... 

373 

917 

1124 

Ralph  Basset,  hangs  or  mutilates  50  persons    . 

376 

m  +  i 

221 

1154 

Ramsey,  visited  by  Henry  II.          .... 

385 

235 

1140 

Randolf,  earl  of  Chester,  revolts  from  king  Stephen 

383 

233 

11401 

holds  Lincoln  against  Stephen,  and  with  the 

(1141)1 

earl  of  Gloucester,  defeats  and  captures  him. 

and  sends  him  to  Bristol       .... 

383 

233 

11401 
(1144)  J 

reconciled  to  Stephen      ..... 

384 

234 

11401 
(1145)/ 

imprisoned,  and  released          .... 

384 

234 

1099 

Ranulf  (Passeflambard),  bishop  of  Durham     . 

364 

203 

1100 

committed  to  the  Tower  .         .         .         .         .  '       365 

204 

1101 

escapes  to  Normandy       

365 

205 

1128 

dies         

378 

225 

8781 
879  J 

Raven,  the  Danish  standard,  taken 

146,  147 

64 

669 

Reculver,  monastery  founded  at      .... 

56,57 

30 

300 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

923 

Regnald,  king,  takes  York      

197 

84 

924               submits  to  king  Eadward  the  Elder  . 

197 

84 

943     j           baptized  210,211 

90 

944 

Regnald,  son  of  Guthferth,  expelled  by  king  Eadmund 
Reoda,  leader  of  the  Dalreodi  

212,  213 
5 

90 
5 

10461 
1048J 

Rheims  (St.  Rerai),  a  great  synod  at        ... 

305 

139 

1050 

abbey  at,  consecrated        

310 

142 

1119 

a  council  at      

372 

2]5 

Rhys.     See  Hris. 

942 

Richard  I.,  count  of  Normandy        .... 

200                 — 

994 

dies          

243 

994 

Richard  II.,  count  of  Normandy     . 

243 

— 

1013 

receives  king  ^Ethelred    

272,273 

119 

1024 

dies          

289 

127 

1024 

Richard  III.,  count  of  Normandy     .... 

289 

1107 

Richard,  abbot  of  Ely,  dies      .         .         .         . 

368 

210 

1120 

Richard,  sou  of  Henry  I.,  drowned  .... 

372 

216 

1120 

Richard,  earl  of  Chester,  drowned    .... 

372 

216 

1123 

(Richard),  bishop  of  London,  assists  at  the  conse- 

cration of  archbishop  William  Curboil  . 

374 

219 

604 

Ricole,  sister  of  king  ^Ethelberht  of  Kent 

36,37 

18 

1063 

Rigwatla,  made  prince  of  Wales       .... 

330 

162 

Ring.     See  Bracelet. 

948 

Ripon,  monastery  at,  burnt      

213 

90 

Ris.     See  Hris. 

1024 

Robert  I.,  count  of  Normandy         .... 

289 

127 

1031 

goes  to  Jerusalem  and  dies  there 

291 

128 

1048"! 

Robert,   archbishop   of  Canterbury,  goes  to  Rome 

1050  / 

for  his  pall  

312,  313 

142    143 

1051 

returns  from  Rome  

312 

143 

1050 

refuses  to  consecrate  Spearhafoc  bishop  of  London 

312,313 

143 

10511 
1052J 

flees  from  England  and  is  outlawed  .         .         | 

317,320, 
321 

|    152 

1068 

Robert  (deComines),  made  earl  of  Northumberland  — 

slain     

342 

173 

1070 

Robert  I.,  count  of  Flanders    

344,  347 

177   178 

1085 

supports  Cnut,  son  of  the  king  of  Denmark,  in 

his  attempt  on  England         .... 

352 

185 

1079 

Robert,  son  of  William  I,  rebels  and  fights  hand  to 

hand  with  his  father     .... 

350,  351 

183 

1087 

succeeds  to  Normandy      .... 

354 

188 

1088 

his  schemes  against  England    .... 

357 

193 

1090 

calls  the  king  of  France  to  his  aid     . 

358 

194 

1091 

his  treaty  with  his  brother,  William  II.     . 

359 

194 

1091 

accompanies  William  to  England,  and  mediates 

between  him  and  king  Malcolm  —  returns  to 

Normandy  .... 

359 

1  QT 

1094 

declares  war  against  William    .... 

360 

i  yo 
197 

1096 

pledges  Normandy  to  William,  and  joins  the 

Crusade 

362 

om 

1100 

returns  to  Normandy        .... 

36o 

2£U  I 

204 

CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX, 


501 


A.D. 

Page 
A.S.  text.  | 

sof 
Transl. 

Robert,  son  of  William  I.  —  cont. 

1101 

lands    in    England,    treats    with    his   brother, 

Henry  I.,  and  receives  a  pension   . 

365 

205 

1103 

relinquishes  his  pension     

366 

206 

1104 

forms  an  alliance  with  Robert  of  Belesme  . 

367 

207 

1106 

comes  to  his  brother  at  Northampton 

367 

208 

1106 

captured  by  Henry  at  Tinchebray    . 

368 

209 

1126 

confined   in  Bristol   castle,  in   the  custody  of 

Robert,  earl  of  Gloucester     .... 

377 

223 

1085 

Robert,  bishop  of  Chester         ..... 

353 

186 

1088 

Robert    of   Monbrai    (Moubruy),     rebels     against 

William  II.,  and  plunders  about  Bristol 

356 

191 

1093 

surprises  and  slays  king  Malcolm 

360 

196 

1095 

refuses  to  attend  at  court,  and  rebels  against 

William  11  

36,1 

198 

1095 

captured  and  confined  at  Windsor     . 

362 

200 

1093 

Robert  Bloet,  bishop  of  Lincoln      .        . 

359 

196 

1123 

dies  suddenly    

374 

218 

1096 

Robert  II.,  count  of  Flanders,  joins  the  Crusade 

363 

201 

1100 

returns    

365 

204 

1111 

dies          ,         . 

369 

211 

1098 

Robert  of  Belesme,  earl  of  Shrewsbury    . 

364 

203 

1102 

quarrels  with  Henry  I.  ,  and  forfeits  his  lauds    . 

366 

205 

1104 

joins  count  Robert  of  Normandy 

367 

207 

1  105 

367 

208 

1106 

again  quarrels  with  Henry,  and  returns  to  Nor- 

367 

208 

1106 

put  to  flight  at  Tinchebray        .... 

368 

209 

1112 

taken  and  imprisoned       

369 

211 

1113 

sent  to  Wareham  castle    

370 

211 

1106 

Robert    of   Stuttevile     (Estotevile),     captured    at 

Tinchebray  ....... 

368 

209 

1107 

Robert,  abbot  of  St.  Edmundsbury,  dies  . 

368 

210 

1118 

Robert,  count  of  Meulan,  dies 

372 

215 

1123 

Robert  Pecceth,  bishop  of  Chester,  buries  the  bishop 

374 

218 

1126 

Robert,  earl  of  Gloucester,  count  Robert  of  Nor- 

mandy committed  to  his  custody  . 

377 

223 

1127 

accompanies  Matilda  to  Normandy  . 

377 

223 

1140 

eludes  the  designs  of  king  Stephen  . 

383 

233 

11401 
(H41)J 

takes  Stephen  prisoner    

384 

233 

11401 
(1141)  J 

taken  prisoner  and  exchanged  for  Stephen 

384 

234 

\             y  J 

604 

Rochester,  see  of,  given  to  Justus    .... 

37,38 

18 

QQQ 

I  ]  Q      1  1  Q 

ooy 
8851 
886  [ 

siege  of,  by  the  Danes,  raised  by  king  JElfred  . 

1  1  Oj  1  1  y 
152,  153 

55 

66 

J 

986 
1088 

bishopric  of,  laid  waste  by  king  vEthelred' 
castle  of,  besieged  by  William  II.     . 

238,239 
357 

103 
193 

1130 

nearly  burnt  —  cathedral  consecrated 

380 

227 

Rodla  (Rollo).     See  Rolf. 

302 


CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

887 

Rodolf  (Hrothulf),  his  share  in  the  division  of  the 

empire          

158,159 

68 

1075  \ 

Roger,  son  of  William  Fitz  Osbern,  earl  of  Hereford, 

1076  J 

rebels  against  William  I  

348,  349 

181 

10751 
1076  J 

taken  and  imprisoned       

348,  349 

181 

1088 
1088 

Roger,  earl  of  Shrewsbury,  rebels  against  William  II. 
Roger  (Bigot),  seizes  the  castle  of  Norwich 

356 
357 

191 
192 

1094 

Roger  Poitevin,  captured  at  Argences  by  Robert, 

360 

197 

1123 

Roger,  bishop  of  Salisbury  —  his  power  —  assists  at 

the  consecration  of  archbp.  William  Curboil 

374 

218,219 

1123 

regent  of  the  kingdom      

375 

219 

1125 

inflicts  punishment  on  false  coiners 

376 

221 

1130 

assists    at    the  consecration  of  Christchurch 

Canterbury,  and  Rochester  cathedrals  . 

380 

227 

1132 

opposes  Henry,  abbot  of  Peterborough 

381 

229 

1137 

imprisoned  by  king  Stephen     .... 

382 

230 

1130 

Roger,  bishop  of  Coventry,  assists  at  the  consecra- 
tion of  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and  Roches  - 

380 

227 

1137 

Roger,  chancellor  of  Henry  I.,imprisonedby  Stephen 

382 

230 

8761 
877  J 

Rolf  (Hrolfr),  conquers  Normandy          .        . 

145 

64 

408  1 
409  / 

Romans,  end  of  their  sway  in  Britain      .        « 

16,  17 

10 

418 

collect  their  treasure  and  depart 

18,  19 

10 

616 

Romanus,  bishop  of  Rochester 

40,41 

20 

1095 

Rome-scot,  sent  to  Rome  by  the  legate  Walter 

362 

200 

1123 

„                 „            by   Henry,    abbot  of   St 

Jean  d'Angely     

374 

218 

1048  1 
1050  J 

Rothulf,  abbot  of  Abingdon    .... 

312,313 

142,  143 

913 

Runcorn,  burgh  at,  built  by  JEthelflaed    . 

186,187 

79 

1065 

Rythrenan,  their  ravages        . 

333 

163 

S. 

Ssebald,  ancestor  of  JElle        .        ... 

30 

16 

604 

Ssebyrht,  king  of  Essex  

36,37 

18 

Ssefugl,  ancestor  of  .ffille         

30 

16 

1009 

Sandwich,  fleet  assembled  at  . 

258,  259 

114 

1031 

harbour,  given  to  Christchurch  Canterbury  by 

Cnut    

290 

128 

1048 

ravaged   

304 

137 

449 

Saxons,  land  in  Britain  '     18,  19 

n 

7791 
780  J 

Saxons  (Old),  fight  with  the  Franks        .        .        .  !     92,  93 

46 

Saxulf.     See  Seaxulf. 

816\ 

817J 

School,  English,  at  Rome,  burnt     .        .        .        .108,109 

52 

885 

enfranchised  by  pope  Marinus          .         .        .      154,  lf>r> 

67 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX, 


308 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.S.  text.     Transl. 

1 

924 

933  \ 
934  f 
946 
1031 
1073 
10731 
1072  J 

430 

684 

891 

6541 
655  J 
675 
675 
705 
656 

746 
852 
774 
1881 
189  J 
639  1 
640  J 
672 
832 
855 
1052 
897 
1008 
894 
1124 

1127 

789 
793 
977 
871 
871 

754 
755 
905 
962 
1015 

Scotland,  acknowledges  the  supremacy  of  Eadward 
the  Elder     

196,  197 
200,201 

212,213 
290,291 
340 

386 
3 
18,19 
63 
160,161 

51,  52 

59 
53 

68 

53 

80,81 
122 
90,93 

14,15 

47 

1,  56,  57 
114,  115 
124,  125 
319 
174,  175 

84 
85 

90 
128 
179 

5 
11 
34 
69 

25 

88 

29 
38 

28 

41 
56 
45 

9 
23 

3,30 
54 
57 
151 
74 
114 
71 

220 
223 
48 
48 
99 
61 
62 

3,42     r,< 

42 
76 
92 
120 

invaded  by  king  JEthelstan      .... 

submits  to  king  Eadred    ..... 
„      to  Cnut        ...... 
„      to  William  I  
Scotland  (Scolland),  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  Can- 
terbury         
Scots,  of  Ireland     

of  Ireland,  attacked  by  king  Ecgferth 
three  pilgrims  from  Ireland  visit  king  JElfred  . 
Scrocmail,  Scromail.     See  Brocmail. 
Scurfa  jarl.     See  Skurfa. 
Seaxburh.     See  Sexburh. 

Seaxulf  (Saxulf),  abbot  of  Medeshamstede 

attests  charter  to  Medeshamstede 
bishop  of  the  Mercians  (Lichfi  eld)    . 
dies          
Sebbi,  king  of  Essex,  attests  charter  to  Medesham- 
stede         

Sefred.     See  Sigfrid. 
Selred,  king  of  Essex,  slain     ..... 
Sempringham,  land  at,  leased  for  life  to  Wulfred 
Serpents,  extraordinary,  in  Sussex  .... 
Severus,  invades  Britain  —  makes  the  wall  from  sea 
to  sea  

Sexburh,  wife  of  Erkenberht,  king  of  Kent     . 
Sexburh,  queen  of  "Wessex      

Shepey,  ravaged  by  the  pagans  (Danes) 

plundered  by  earl  Godwine      .... 
Ships,  built  by  king  Alfred    

„          king^Ethelred         .... 
Shoebury,  Danes  raise  a  fort  at       .... 
Sibylla,  daughter  of  the  count  of  Anjou,  married  to 
William,  son  of  count  Robert  of  Normandy    . 

258,  259 
168,  169 

375 
377 
99 
101 
230 
138,  139 
138,  139 

1,  80,  81 

Sicga,  slays  king  Alfwold  of  Northumbria 

Sideman,  bishop  of  Devon  (Crediton),  dies  suddenly 

Sidroc  jarl,  the  younger,  slain          .... 
Sigbald.     See  Hygbald. 
Sigebryht,  king  of  Wessex      

82,  83 
182,183 
218 
274,275 

Sigebryht,  son  of  Sigulf,  slain          .... 
Sigeferth,  king,  kills  himself  
Sigeferth,  thane,  murdered  by  Eadric  aldormnn 

304 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pag 
A.S.  text. 

es  of 

*"'  i 
Transl. 

1130 

Sigefrid,  bishop  of  Chichester,  assists  at  the   con- 

secration   of  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and 

Rochester  cathedrals    

380 

227 

|lg^t|  ancestor  of  TEIle      

30 

16 

Sigeric.     See  Siric. 

990 

Sigeric  (Siric),  archbishop  of  Canterbury 

238,239 

104 

991 

advises  the  payment  of  tribute  to  the  Danes 

238,  239, 
241 

J104,  105 

995 

dies          .....*... 

242,  243 

106 

1123 

Sigfrid,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  accompanies  arch- 
bishop William  to  Rome        .... 

374 

219 

883 

Sighelm,  sent  with  the  West  Saxon  alms  to  Rome   . 

152,  153 

66 

905 

slain        

180,  J81 

76 

656 

Sighere,  king  of  Essex,  signs  charter  to  Medesham- 

53 

28 

905 

180,  181 

76 

921 

Sihtric,  king,  slays  Niel,  his  brother 

195 

83 

925 

Sihtric,  king  of  the  Northumbrians,  marries  king 

.ZEthelstan's  sister         

199 

85 

926 

199 

85 

606 
1130 

Silvia,  mother  of  pope  Gregory  I  
Simon,  bishop  of  Worcester,  assists  at  the  consecra- 

38 

18 

tion  of  Christchurch   Canterbury,  and  Ro- 

chester cathedrals          

380 

227 

798 

Siric,  king  of  Essex,  goes  to  Rome  .... 

105 

51 

10431 
1044  J 

Siward,  archbishop  of  Canterbury  .... 

300,  301 

134 

10461 

1047  i 

304,  305, 

137,  138, 

1048  [ 

310 

142 

1050  1 

1042"] 
1043  J 

Siward,  earl,  assists  in  despoiling  queen  Emma 

298 

133 

1052  1 
1048  J 

summoned  by  king  Eadward  to  Gloucester 

314,315 

145,  147 

1054 

enters  Scotland  with  an  army,  and  loses  his  son 

in  battle       .... 

322 

1  KK 

1055 

dies         ... 

004.    *\c>f. 

i  OO 
1  t\f    1  t\" 

1054 

Siward,  nephew  of  earl  Siward,  slain 

O  —  ^r,  •  )£.) 

322 

Job,  lr>, 
155 

1058 

Siward,  bishop  of  Rochester    

328  329 

160 

10711 
1072  J 

Siward  (Sigeward)  Beam,  flees  to  Ely     . 

346,  347 

178 

911 

Skurfa  jarl,  slain     .... 

184  185 

78 

1015 

Somersetshire,  ravaged  by  Cuut 

276,'  277 

4  O 

121 

733 

Somerton,  taken  by  TEthelbald  of  Mercia 

76,77 

40 

9801 
994  J 

Southampton,  ravaged  by  the  Danes      .        .         J. 

234 
242,  243 

102 
106 

South  Saxons.     See  Sussex. 

697 
1052 

Southumbrians,  murder  queen  Ostryth  of  Mercia 
Southwark,  earl  God  wine,  with  his  fleet,  comes  to  . 

67 
318 

37 
148 

10461 
1047  J 

Spearhafoc,  abbot  of  Abingdon       .... 

305 

137 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


305 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

10481 
1050  J 
1051] 
1048  I 
1050  J 
1122\ 
1127  J 
913 
1016 
922 
942 

1138 
1066 

7441 
1095  J 
10971 
1106  1 
1110  f 
1114J 
8131 
814  I 
816J 
816\ 
817  J 
1057 
1058 
1  1  35 

1137 
1137 

1137 
1140 
1140 

11401 
(1141)1 
1140 

11401 
(1142)1 
11401 
(1153)1 
1154 
10421 
1043J 
1043 
1044 

Spearhafoc  —  con  t. 
bishop  of  London,  but  refused  consecration  by 
archbishop  William      ..... 

deprived  of  his  see  . 

Spectres,  seen  and  heard                                            \ 

Stafford,  burgh  at,  built  by  ^Ethelflsed     . 
Staffordshire,  ravaged  by  Cnut         .... 
Stamford,  fortified  by  Eadward  the  Elder 
recovered  from  the  Northmen  by  king  Ead- 

312,313 
312,313 

373 
378 
186,187 
278,279 
195 

210,211 
383 
336,337, 
339 
79 
361 
363 
367 
369 
370 

108,  109 

108,  109 

328,  329 
328,  329 

142,  143 
143,  146 

217 
224 
79 
121 

83 

89 
232 

1  166,  168 

41 
199 
201 
208 
210 
212 

52 

52 

159 
160 

229 
230 

230 
230 
233 

233 
233,  234 

234 
234 

234 
235 
133 

133 
134 

Standard,  battle  of  the    . 
Stanford-  (Stamford-)  bridge,  battle  at     .        .       j 

Stars  fallin0*                                                               \ 

Stars,  of  uncommon  appearance 

Stephen,  count  of  Blois,  consecrated  king  of  Eng- 
land 

381 
382 

382 

382 
383 

383,  384 
384 

384 
384 

385 
385 
298,299 

301 
301 

goes  to  Normandy,  and  squanders  his  uncle's 

arrests  the  bishops  of  Salisbury  and  Lincoln, 
and  the  chancellor       
sad  state  of  England  during  his  reign 
strives  to  seize  the  earl  of  Gloucester 
at  war  with  the  earls  of  Chester  and  Gloucester, 
and  other  partisans  of  the  empress 
taken  prisoner,  and  exchanged  for  earl  Robert 

reconciled  with,  but  afterwards  imprisons,  the 
earl  of  Chester      ..'.... 

his  compact  with  Henry  of  Anjou  (Henry  H.) 

Stigand,  bishop  of  East  Anglia        .... 

restored 

VOL.  II. 


306 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pag( 

t  * 
A.S.  text. 

?sof 

\ 
Transl. 

1  04-^  1 

Stigand  —  cont. 

1  \J*±tJ    1 

1046J 

translated  to  Winchester           .... 

302,  303 

137 

1051  1 

mediates  between  king  Eadward  and  earl  God- 

1052  J 

wine    ........ 

317,321 

152 

]052 

translated  to  Canterbury           .... 

319,321 

153 

1058 

receives  the  pall  from  pope  Benedict 

328,  329 

160 

1066 

accompanies  William  the  Conqueror  to  Nor- 

339 

170 

1087 

Stigand,  bishop  of  Chichester,  dies 

356 

191 

875 

Strathclyde  Britons,  invaded  by  the  Danes 

144,  145 

63 

924 

submit  to  Eadward  the  Elder    .... 

196,197 

84 

514 

Stuf  and  Wihtgar,  defeat  the  Britons 

26,27 

14 

534 

receive  the  Isle  of  Wight  from  Cerdic  and 

Cynric          

28,29 

14 

Stuttevile.     See  Kobert. 

Sun.     See  Eclipse. 

806 

a  circle  about  the      

109 

52 

1103 

four  circles  about  the        

366 

207 

823 

Surrey,  submits  to  king  Ecgberht    .... 

110,  111 

53 

449 

Sussex  (South  Saxons),  kingdom  of        ... 

20,21 

12 

607 

Ceolwulf,  king  of  Wessex,  fights  against  . 

38,39 

19 

823 

submits  to  Ecgberht         

110,111 

53 

9941 
1009J 

ravaged  by  the  Danes                                        -I 

242,  243 
262,  263 

106 
115 

994 

Svein,  king  of  Denmark,  besieges  London 

240,  241 

105 

1003 

plunders  and  burns  Wilton       .... 

252,  253 

112 

1004 

„          „             Norwich  and  Thetford 

252-255 

112 

1005 

returns  to  Denmark         

254,  255 

112 

1013 

again  invades  England,  and  proceeds  to  Gains- 

borough,  Oxford,  Winchester,  and  London, 

thence  to  Bath      

270,271 

118 

1013 

received  as  king       

272,273 

119 

1014 

dies          

272,273 

120 

1046 

Svein  (Estrithson,  nephew  of  Cnut),  his  war  with 

1045] 
i  n4.fi  \> 

Magnus  of  Norway      
vainly  seeks  aid  of  England  against  Magnus, 

303 

135 

1U*D    > 

1048  J 

and  is  driven  from  Denmark 

302 

136 

1049 

returns  to  Denmark          

306 

138 

1049 

solicits  aid  against  Norway       .... 

306 

138 

1069 

sends  his  three  sons  with  a  fleet  against  England 

342,  343 

174 

1069 

they  enter  the  Humber     

342,  343 

174 

1070 

makes  peace  with  king  William 

345 

177 

10761 
1075  J 

again  sends  a  force  against  England 

348,  349 

182 

10771 
1076  J 

dies          

350,351 

182 

Swebdaeg,  Swsefdseg,  ancestor  of  JEUe 

30 

16 

692 

Swebheard  (Webheard),  king  of  Kent     . 

65 

36 

1025 

Swedes,  fight  with  and  defeat  Cnut  at  the  Holm 

289 

127 

1046 

Swegen,  son  of  earl  Godwine,  invades  Wales  —  orders 

the  adduction  of  the  abbess  of  Leominster     , 

302 

136 

(CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


307 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Swegen  —  cont. 

10451 
1046  J 

retires  to  Bruges      .... 

. 

303 

137 

1046  1 
1050  J 

comes  to  Bosham,  to  make  his  peace  with  king  1 
Eadward       

305,  307, 
308,  309 

}    138 
J 

1048] 

1049  I 

murders  his  cousin  Biorn,  and  sails  to  Flanders 

307,  308 

139,  141 

1047  J 

1048  1 

AUtO    1 

1050  J 

315,316 

148 

1050 

his  outlawry  reversed 

. 

312 

141 

1052 

joins  his  father  against  king  Eadward 

. 

314 

147 

1051  \ 

again  outlawed,  and  retires  to  Thorney,  thence 

1052  J 

to  Bruges     

.        . 

312,314 

145 

1052 

dies  at  Constantinople,  on  his  way  from 

Jeru- 

salem  

. 

320 

152 

891  \ 

892  | 

Swifnch,  a  learned  doctor,  dies 

. 

161,162 

69 

1131 

Swine,  mortality  among 

. 

380 

228 

861 

Swithin  (Swithun),  St.,  dies    . 

. 

129 

59 

897 

Swithulf,  bishop  of  Rochester,  dies 

. 

174,175 

73 

673 

Synod,  at  Hertford 

. 

58,59 

31 

680 

at  Hatfield      .                          . 

.        . 

60,61 

34 

694 
742 

at  Bapchild  (Beccanceld) 
at  Cliff  (Clofesho)   .        . 

• 

66 
79 

36 
41 

782 

at  Ockley  (Aclea)  .... 

. 

95 

47 

785 

at  Cealchyth  (Chalk  ') 

96,97 

47 

788 

at  Finchale  (Pincanheal) 

. 

97 

48 

789 

at  Ockley  (Aclea)    .... 

99 

48 

796 
822 

at  Bapchild  (Beccanceld) 
at  Cliff  (Clofesho)   .... 

• 

103 
110,  111 

49 
53 

977 

a    t  Kyrtlington          .... 

. 

230 

99 

1046  "I 

1048  L 
1050  J 

•    { 

305 
310 

139 
142 

10471 
1049  / 

309 

143 

1  nj.7  i 

JLU^r  /      1 

1049  J 

309 

143 

1075 

at  London         

387 

_ 

1102 

at  Westminster        .... 

. 

366 

206 

1119 

at  Rheims         ..... 

372 

215 

11251 
1129/ 

at  London        

:    { 

376 
379 

222 
226 

T. 

913 

Tamworth,  burgh  built  at,  by  ^Ethelflocd 

186,187 

79 

943 

taken  by  storm  by  Olaf    . 

. 

211 

89 

308 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pages  of 

A.  S.  text.  I    Transl. 

731 
734 
7221 
721 
997 
1001 
921 

1137 

910 

1114 
865 
968 
980 
923 

1116 
603 

1140 
11401 
(1153)/ 
668 
673 
680 
680 
685 
690 
423 
10041 
1010J 
1124 

1070 
1070 

1100 
1108 
1114 
966 
992 

656 
1066 
10861 
1109  I 
1117J 
640 

Tatwine,  archbishop  of  Canterbury  .... 
dies          ........ 

74,  75 
76,77 

72,  73 
246,  247 
250 

194 

382 
183,  184, 
185 
370 
130,  131 
223 
234 

196 
371 

37 
383 

385 
53,  56,  57 
57,58 
59 
60,61 
63 
64,65 
18,  19 
254,  255 
264,  265 
376 
86 

344 

344 
365 
368 
370 
223 
238,  239 

52 
337 
353 
369 
371 
46,47 

40 
40 

39 
107 
110 

82 
231 

} 

212 

59 
90 
102 

84 
213 

18 
233 

235 
29,30 
31 
33 
32,34 
34 
35 
11 
112 
116 
221 
44 

175 

175 
204 
210 
212 
96 
104 

27 
170 
187 
210 
214 
23 

Taunton,  built  by  king  Ine,  and  destroyed  by  his 
queen  JEthelburh          
Tavistock,  abbey  of,  burnt  by  the  Danes 
Teignton,  burnt  by  the  Danes          .... 
Tempsford,  recovered  from  the  Danes  by  Eadward 
the  Elder      

Tenserie  CCenserie),  a  Norman  impost  (apparently 
an  error  for  Censerie,  Censaria)   . 

Tettenhall  (Teotanheal),  battle  at    . 

Thames,  extraordinary  ebb  of  the   .... 
Thanet,  Danes  quartered  there         .... 
ravaged  by  king  Eadgar  
„         by  a  fleet  of  Northmen 
Thelwall,  fortified  and  garrisoned  by  Eadward  the 
Elder  
Theobald  (Thibaud),    count    of   Blois,    aided    by 
Henry  I.  against  Lewis  VI.  of  France 
Theodbald,  brother  of  JEthelferth  of  Northumbria, 
slain     

Theodbald,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
makes  peace  between  king  Stephen  and  Henry 
of  Anjou  (Henry  II.)  
Theodore,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
assembles  a  synod  at  Hertford 
attests  charter  to  Medeshamstede 
assembles  a  synod  at  Hatfield 
consecrates  Cuthberht  bishop  of  Hexham  . 

Theodosius  the  younger,  emperor    .... 
Thetford,  plundered  and  burnt  by  the  Danes    . 

Thieves,  forty-four  hanged,  and  others  mutilated     . 
Thincgferth,  ancestor  of  Offa  

Thomas,  archbishop  of  York,  denies  the  supremacy 
of  Canterbury       
loses  his  cause  at  Rome,  and  submits  to  arch- 
bishop Lanfranc   
dies          

Thomas,  archbishop  of  York  
dies          
Thored,  son  of  Gunnor,  ravages  Westmoreland 
Thored,  earl,  commands  in  king  JEthelred's  fleet    . 
Thorkell.     See  Thurkyll. 
Thorney  (Ancarig),  a  monastery  founded  at   . 
held  by  LeofHc,  abbot  of  Peterborough     . 

Thunder,  awful      J 

Thunor,  murders  the  sons  of  king  Erinenred  of  Kent 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


309 


A.D. 



Pag 
A.S.  text. 

3S  of 

•»  
Transl. 

911 

Thurferth  hold,  slain        

184,185 

78 

921 

Thurferth  jarl,  submits  to  Eadward  the  Elder 

195 

83 

1009 

Thurkyll,  arrives,  receives  a  contribution  from  East 

Kent,  and  ravages  the  neighbouring  counties 

260,261 

115 

1013 

besieged  in  London  with  king  ^ZKthelred  . 

270,  271 

119 

1013 

exacts  pay  and  provisions  for  his  army      . 

272,273 

119 

1017 

made  governor  of  East  Anglia 

284,  285 

124 

1020 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  the  monastery  at 

Assingdon    

286 

125 

1021 

outlawed  by  Cnut     

286,287 

125 

1039 

slain  by  the  Welsh  

296 

131 

1069 

Thurkyll  jarl,  with  the  sons  of  king  Svein,  lands  and 

plunders  York,  etc  

342 

174 

915 

Thurkytel  jarl,  submits  to  Eadward  the  Elder  . 

190,191 

80 

920 

goes  to  France         

192 

81 

971 

Thurkytel,  abbot  of  Bedford    

224 

96 

1010 

Thurkytel  Myranheafod  (Mare's-head),  the  first  to 

flee  in  a  battle       

262,  263 

116 

101G 

Thurkytel,  son  of  Nafena,  murdered  through  Eadric 

aldorman      

278,279 

122 

1083 

Thurstan,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  misuses  his  monks 

and  causes  a  tumult       

352 

184 

1087 

Thurstan,  abbot  of  Pershore,  dies     .... 

356 

191 

Thurstan.     See  Turstein. 

Tibba,  St.,  body  of,  removed  to  Peterborough 

221 

96 

10 

Tiberius  Caesar       

6,7 

7 

1099 

Tide,  an  extraordinary  high    

364 

203 

1114 

»            „            low     

370 

212 

797 

Tidfrith,  bishop  of  Dunwich    ..... 

105 

50 

780 

Tllberht,  bishop  of  Hexham    

95 

47 

1106 

Tinchebray,  battle  of      

368 

208 

8551 
856  J 

Tithe,  granted  to  the  church  by  king  JEthelwulf     . 

124,  125 

57 

71 

Titus,  slays  111,000  Jews  —  succeeds  to  the  empire  . 

12,13 

8 

693 

Tobias,  bishop  of  Rochester     ..... 

67 

36 

(594 

assists  at  the  council  at  Bapchild 

66 

36 

727 

75 

39 

921 

Toglos  jarl,  slain     .         .         . 

194 

82 

1079 

Tokig  Wiggodson,  brings  a  horse  to  William  I.  in 

the  battle  at  Gerberoi     

350,351 

184 

1088 

Tonbridge,  castle  stormed        

357 

192 

8731 
874  / 

Torksey  (Turcesig),  Danes  winter  at      ... 

143 

62 

1051"! 

Tostig,   son   of  earl  Godwine,  banished,  retires  to 

1052  J 

Bruges          

312,314 

149 

1053 

present  at  his  father's  death      .... 

3<>0 

154 

1055 

receives  earl  Siward's  earldom  of  Northumbria 

324,  325 

156,157 

10G1 

goes  with  his  wife  to  Rome       .... 

328 

161 

1063 

with  his  brother  Harold,  reduces  Wales     . 

330,331 

161 

i  nr>;>  \ 

expelled  from  his  earldom  by  the  Northumbrian 

10G4J 

thanes,  and  goes  to  Flanders 

331,332 

162,  163 

310 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Tostig  —  cont. 

1066 

invades  England,  and  is  repulsed  by  Eadwine  "1 
and  Morkere,  and  slain  at  Stamford  bridge   J 

336,  337 

/165,  166 
I    169 

921 

Towcester,  repaired  and  fortified  by  Eadward  the 

Elder   

194 

83 

1097 

Tower  of  London,  injury  sustained  by  many  during 

the  building  of  the  wall         .... 

363 

202 

1055 

Tremerig  (Tremerin),  bishop  of  St.  David's,  dies     . 

324,  326 

157,  158 

924 

Trent,  a  bridge  built  across  the,  by  Eadward  the 

Elder  

196 

84 

991^1 

r 

238,  239 

104 

1002  | 

250,251 

111 

1007  }> 

Tribute,  paid  to  the  Danes                                        ^ 

258,259 

114 

1011 

1 

264,265 

116 

1018J 

I 

284,  285 

124 

681 

Trumbyrht,  bishop  of  Hexham        .... 

61 

34 

685 

expelled           

63 

34 

681 

Trumwine,  bishop  of  the  Picts  (  Whiterne) 

61 

34 

656 

Tuda,  bishop  of  Lindisfarne,  at  the  consecration  of 

Medeshamstede     

52 

26 

664 

55 

30 

852 

Tunberht,  bishop  of  Lichfield  

123 

56 

1070 

Turold,  abbot  of  Peterborough 

345 

176,177 

1098 

dies          

364 

202 

1114 
1119 

Turstein  (Thurstan),  archbishop  of  York 
assists  at  the  council  of  Rheims  —  deprived  of  his 

370 

212 

see  —  goes  to  Rome        .... 

372 

215 

1120 

reconciled  with  the  king  ..... 

373 

216 

1123\ 
1125J 

goes  to  Rome,  by  command  of  the  pope     . 

374,377 

219,222 

u. 

870 

Ubba,  a  Danish  chief,  slays  king  Eadmund  of  East 

Anglia 

134,  135 

60 

1006 

Ufegeat,  blinded      j 

254,255, 
257 

I    113 

1013 
1016 

Uhtred,  earl  of  Northumbria,  submits  to  king  Svein 
submits  to  Cnut,  and  by  him  is  put  to  death 

270,  271 
278,279 

118 
122 

1025 

Ulf,  defeats  king  Cnut  at  the  Holm 

289 

127 

1046] 

1048  1 
1049  [ 

Ulf,  bishop  of  Dorchester        

307,310 

J140,  141 
\    142 

1050  J 

1147  \ 
1149  / 

nearly  deprived  of  his  episcopal  staff  at  Vercelli 

309 

143 

1052 
1004 

escapes  from  England  with  difficulty 
Ulfkytel,  earl  of  East  Anglia,  advises  the  'witan  'to 

320,  321 

152 

buy  peace  of  king  Svein          .... 

252,  253 

112 

CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


311 


A  !) 

Page 

s  of 

-il_    iJ 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Ulfkytel—  cont. 

1004 

vainly  orders  the  Danish  ships  to  be  broken  up 

—  makes  a  great  slaughter  among  the  Danes  . 

254,  255 

112 

1010 

defeated  by  the  Danes      

262,263 

116 

1016 

slain  at  Assingdon  

282,  283 

123 

1095 

Urban  II.,  pope,  sends  the  pall  to  archbishop  Anselm 

362 

200 

1096 

instigates  the  first  Crusade       .... 

362 

200 

926 

Uwen  (Owen),  king  of  Gwent,  submits  to  Eadward 

the  Elder     

199 

85 

TJxfrea,  ancestor  of  ^Elle        

30 

15 

V. 

1041 

Valentine,  St.,  head  of,  given  by  queen  Emma  to 

• 

Winchester  .        

299 

132 

10471 
1049  / 

Vercelli,  council  of          ...... 

309 

143 

70 

Vespasian,  emperor         

10,11 

8 

1054 

323,  324 

155,  156 

10571 

dies          

328,329 

159 

1058  J 

903 

Virgilius,  abbot  of  the  Scots,  dies    .... 

180,  181 

75 

656 

Vitalianus,  pope,  confirms  king  Wulfhere's  grant  to 

Medeshamstede    ...... 

53 

29 

10761 
1077  J 

Vithele  (Vitalis),  abbot  of  Westminster  . 

350,  351 

182 

449 

Vortigern  (Wyrtgeorn),  king,  invites  the  Angles  to 

19,  21 

11 

455 

fights  with  Hengest  and  Horsa 

20,21 

12 

w. 

Wsegdseg,  ancestor  of  Mile     

30 

16 

Wsermund,   ancestor  of  Penda        .... 

42 

21 

„    '        „         ofOffa   

86 

44 

1080 

Walchere,  bishop  of  Durham,  murdered  . 

351 

184 

675 

Waldhere,    bishop   of   London,  attests    charter  to 

Medeshamstede    

59 

33 

1123 

Waleram,  count  of  Meulan,  revolts  from  Henry  I.   . 

375 

219 

1124 

captured,  and  imprisoned  in  the  castle  of  Rouen 

375 

220 

1126 

removed  to  England,  and  imprisoned  at  Bridge- 

north  and  Wallingford  

377 

222 

1129 

released,  and  reconciled  to  king  Henry     . 

330,379 

226 

828 

Wales,  invaded  by  king  Ecgbryht  .... 

114,115 

54 

853 

„         by  king  JEthelwulf 

122,123 

57 

915 

,  ,        by  pirates  (Lidwikings)  from  Brittany 

188,  189 

79 

312 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

Wales  —  cont. 

916 

invaded  by  JEthelflaed     

191 

80 

10G3 

„      by  earl  Harold    

330,  331 

161 

1081 

„      by  William  I  

351 

184 

10951 
1097  J 

„      by  William  H  j 

362 
363 

199 
201 

11141 
1121  J 

„       by  Henry  I  \ 

370 
373 

212 
216 

1098 

Walkelin,  bishop  of  Winchester,  dies 

364 

202 

1060 

Walter,  bishop  of  Hereford      

328,  329 

161 

1078 

Walter,  abbot  of  Evesham        

350,351 

183 

1095 

Walter,  papal  legate,  brings  the  pall  to  archbishop 

Anselm        .....'.. 

362 

200 

1001 

Waltham,  burnt  by  the  Danes          .... 

<>5I 

111 

1066 

Waltheof,  earl,  attends  William  the  Conqueror   to 

Normandy   

339 

170 

1069 

joins  the  Danish  invaders,,  and  plunders  York, 

etc  

342,  343 

174 

10701 
1071  J 

makes  his  peace  with  king  William 

344,  345 

176 

1075"! 
1076  J 

joins  in  the  conspiracy  of  earls  Ralph  and  Roger 
—  goes  over  to  Normandy  and  accuses  him- 
self to  William     

348,349 

181 

10761 
1077  J 

beheaded  at  Winchester   

350,351 

182 

913 

Wardbury,  burgh  at,  built  by  JEthelflaed 

186,  187 

79 

8761 
877  J 

Wareham,  Danes  occupy         ..... 

144,  145 

63 

1114 

Warner,  a  monk  of  Peterborough,  sent  to  Rome 

370 

213 

913 

Warwick,  burgh  at,  built  by  .ZEthelflsed  . 

186,187 

79 

1016 

Warwickshire,  ravaged  by  the  Danes 

276,277 

121 

988 

Watchet  (Wecedport),  plundered  by  the  Danes 

238,239 

103 

Wecta,  ancestor  of  Hengest  and  Horsa    . 

21 

12 

823 

Welsh,  battle  of  the,  and  Devonians 

110,  111 

53 

1048 

accuse  earl  Godwine  and  his  sons 

315 

145 

1053 

slay  many  English  at  Westbury 

322 

154 

1055 

join  earl  -<Elfgar  in  attacking  Hereford 

324,  325 

156 

1094 

attack  the  Norman  intruders    .... 

361 

198 

1095 

take  by  storm  the  castle  of  Montgomery  . 

362 

199 

1121 

comply  with  the  will  of  Henry  I. 

373 

216 

See  also  '  Britons.' 

800 

Weoxstan  (Weohstan),  aldorman,  slain  . 

106,  107 

51 

782 

Werburh,  queen  of  Ceolred  of  Mercia,  dies 

95 

47 

852 

Werhtherd,  abbot    

123 

Rfi 

449 

Wessex,  by  whom  peopled.     (See  also  Cerdic  and 

OO 

Cynric,  Stuf  and  Wihtgar)    .... 

20,21 

12 

626 

invaded  by  king  Eadwine  of  Northumbria 

43 

21 

634 

converted  to  Christianity  by  Birinus 

44,45 

22 

871  "1 
872  f 

makes  peace  with  the  Danes    .... 

142,143 

62 

878  1 
879  J 

subdued  by  the  Danes      

146,  147 

64 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.  I). 

, 

Pages 

A_ 

A.S.  text. 

5  of 
Transl. 

Wessex  —  cont. 

897 

ravaged  by  the  Danes      ..... 

174,  175 

74 

910 

with  the  Mercians,  defeats  the  Danes  at  Tetten-  "1 

183,  184, 

I        -7 

hall      J 

185 

I      " 

1015 

submits  to  Cnut        ...... 

276,277 

121 

1016 

„       to  Eadmund  Ironside  .... 

280,281 

122 

Westerfalca,  ancestor  of  JElle          .... 

30 

15 

1UGG 

Westminster,  abbey  of,  consecrated          .         .        \ 

332,  334 
337 

163 

169 

1097 

Westminster  Hall,  built  by  William  II.    . 

363 

202 

1099 

William  holds  his  court  in         .... 

364 

203 

966 

Westmoreland,  ravaged  by  Thored,  son  of  Gunnar  . 

223 

96 

West  Saxons.     See  Wessex. 

West  Wales.     See  Cornwall. 

1039 

Wheat,  sold  at  55  rience  the  '  sester  '  and  upwards    . 

297 

131 

1044 

„   at  60  pence           „                 „ 

301 

134 

1124 

high  price  of    

376 

220 

755 

Wiferth   (Wigferth),    thane  of  king   Cynewulf  of 

Wessex        ....... 

84,85 

43 

8871 

Wido  (Witlia),  Lombardy  assigned  to  him  in  the 

888  J 

partition  of  the  empire           .... 

158,  159 

68 

1088 

Wido,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  Canterbury,  distur- 

bances caused  by  his  election 

387 

— 

Wig,  ancestor  of  Cerdic  

1    30 

3,  15 

812 

Wigbryht,  bishop  of  Wessex  (Sherborne),  goes  to 

1^5    •*•  •* 

Rome  

108,  109 

52 

667 

Wigheard,  archbp.  of  Canterbury  elect,  dies  at  Rome 

57 

30 

449 

Wight,  Isle  of,  peopled  by  Jutes       .... 

20,21 

11 

530 

subjugated  by  Cerdic  and  Cynric 

26,27 

14 

534 

given  by  them  to  Stuf  and  Wihtgar  . 

28,  29 

14 

661 

ravaged  by  Wulfhere  of  Mercia  —  converted  to 

Christianity     

54,55 

29 

686 

„        by  Ccadwalla  of  Wessex 

62,63 

35 

8971 

\ 

176,  177 

74 

1001  }• 

„        by  the  Danes       ....-< 

250,251 

110 

1009J 

[ 

262.  263 

115 

1022 

visited  by  Cnut,  with  a  fleet      .... 

286,287 

125 

1048 

ravaged   

304 

137 

8-25 

Wiglaf,  king  of  Mercia   

112,113 

53 

828 

regains  his  kingdom          ..... 

114,  115 

53 

921 

Wigmore  (Wigingamere),  burgh  built  at,  by  Eadward 

the  Elder  —  besieged      

194 

81 

833 

Wigthen,  bishop  (of  Winchester),  dies     . 

116,117 

54 

797 

Wihtburh  (daughter  of  king  Anna  of  East  Anglia), 

body  of,  found  entire     ..... 

105 

51 

514 

Wihtgar,  nephew  of  Cerdic,  defeats  the  Britons 

26,27 

14 

534 

with  his  brother  Stuf,  receives  the  Isle  of  Wight 

from  Cerdic  and  Cynric         .... 

28,29 

14 

544 

dies          ........ 

28,  29 

15 

Wihtgils,  father  of  Hengest  and  Horsa    . 

21 

12 

Wihtlffig,  ancestor  of  Penda    . 

42 

21 

ofOflfa       

86 

44 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A.D. 



Pag( 

« 

A.S.  text. 

:s  of 
> 
Transl. 

694 
725 

Wihtred,  king    of  Kent  —  his    genealogy  —  holds  a 
council  at  Bapchild  (Baccanceld)  . 

66,67 
72,  73 

36 
39 

852 
656 
10321 
1078J 
656 

664 
678 
680 
680 
685 

Wihtred,  abbot        
Wilberht,  aldorman,  signs  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

Wildfire,  destruction  caused  by                                  •< 

Wilfrith  (Wilferth),  priest,  assists  at  the  consecra- 
tion and  endowment  of  Medeshamstede 
ordained  bishop        .         ... 
ejected  by  king  Ecgferth  
goes  to  Rome  
attests  charter  to  Medeshamstede 

123 
53 
291 
350 

53 
56,57 
60,61 
58 
59 
63 

56 
28 
128 
183 

26 
30 
33 
31 
33 
34 

709 

(721) 

744 

928 
1031 
1052 

dies,  and  is  buried  at  Ripon      .... 

Wilfrith  (Wilferth),  bishop  of  York 
dies          
Wilgils,  ancestor  of  JElle        

William  I.,  count  of  Normandy        .... 
William  II.,  count  of  Normandy  (the  Conqueror)    . 
visits  England           ...... 

69 

63 
79 
30 

201 
291 
314 

38 

34 
41 
15 

85 
128 
149 

1062 
1066 

1067 

subjugates  Le  Maine         
lands   at   Pevensey,  defeats    Harold,   and  isl 
crowned  king  of  England     .         .               .  J 

329 
330,  337, 
338,  339 
339  341 

161 
167 
169 

1067 

1067 
1068 

1068 

returns  to  England  —  levies  a  heavy  contribution, 
besieges  and  takes  Exeter     .... 
builds  castles  at  Nottingham,  York,  Lincoln,  etc. 
gives  Robert    (de   Comines)   the   earldom    of 
Northumberland  

340 

342 

342,  343 
342 

171 
172 

173 

1069 
10701 
1071  J 
1070 

lays  Yorkshire  waste        
despoils  the  monasteries  in  England 

makes  peace  with  Svein  (Estrithson),  king  of 
Denmark      

342,  343 
344,  345 

345 

174 
176 

10711 

1072  J 
1072  1 
1073  J 
10731 
1074  J 
1074  1 
1075  J 
10751 
1076  J 

reduces  the  insurgents  in  Ely  .... 

reduces  William,  king  of  Scotland,  to  subjection 

reduces  Le  Maine,  with  a  French  and  English 
army    
again  in  Normandy,  and  receives  Eadgar  aethel- 
ing  at  his  court     
quells  the  conspiracy  of  the  earls  Ralph  and 
Roger  

346,  347 
346,  347 

346,  347 
346,  347 
348  349 

178 
179 

179 
179 
181 

10761 
1077  J 
1077 
1079 

leads  an  army  into  Brittany,  and  besieges  Dole, 
which  is  relieved  by  the  king  of  France 
makes  peace  with  France         .... 
fights  hand  to  hand  with  his  son  Robert,  at 
Gerberoi      ....... 

350,  351 
351 

350,351 

183 
183 

183 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


315 


A  D 

Page 
A 

sof 

J.JL.-L/. 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

William  (the  Conqueror)  —  cont. 

1081 

invades  Wales  ....... 

351 

184 

1082 

arrests  bishop  Odo    

351 

184 

1083 

imposes  a  heavy  tax         ..... 

352 

185 

10851 
1087  J 

causes  the  great  survey  of  England  to  be  made 

353 

186 

1086 

dubs  his  son  Henry  a  knight    .... 

353 

186 

1086 

assembles  his  '  witan  '  and  vassals  at  Salisbury, 

who  swear  fealty  to  him        .... 

353 

186 

1086 

353 

186 

1087 

his  rapacity     

354 

187 

1087 

invades  France,  burns  Mantes,  and  dies    . 

354 

188 

1087 

his  character  (by  a  contemporary)    . 

354 

188 

1079 

William  (Rufus),  wounded  at  Gerberoi     . 

351 

184 

1087 

king  of  England       

356 

191 

1087 

his  gifts  to  the  church  for  his  father's  soul 

356 

191 

1088 

quells  the  rebellion  raised  by  bishop  Odo  and 

others  ........ 

356 

191,192 

1088 

implores  the  aid  of  the  English 

357 

193 

1088 

besieges  Rochester  and  Durham  castles 

358 

193 

1090 

at  war  with  his  brother  Robert 

358 

194 

1091 

makes  peace  with  Robert,  and  the  conditions  . 

358 

194 

1091 

makes  peace  with  Malcolm  of  Scotland,  who 

becomes  his  vassal        

359 

195 

1092 

restores  Carlisle,  and  re-peoples  thereabouts     . 

359 

195 

1093 

falls  sick,  and  promises  amendment  of  his  life  . 

359 

196 

1093 

cites  king  Malcolm  to  Gloucester,  and  treats 

him  contemptuously     ..... 

359 

196 

1094 

again  at  war  with  his  brother  Robert 

360 

197 

1094 

causes  the  abbey  of  Battle  to  be  consecrated     . 

360 

197 

1094 

deprives    Herbert,  bishop  of  Thetford,  of  his 

staff     

360 

197 

1094 

carries  on  the  war  against  Robert—  fraudulent 

treatment  of  his  soldiers        .... 

360 

197 

1095 

quells  the  Northumbrian  rebellion  under  Ro- 

bert of  Monbray            

361 

199 

1095 

invades  Wales  without  success 

362 

199 

1096 

receives  Normandy  in  pledge  from  his  brother 

Robert          

362 

201 

1097 

invades  Wales,  and  builds  castles  on  the  border 

363 

201 

1097 

363 

202 

1099 

holds  his  court  in  the  new  building  at  West- 

minster       ....... 

364 

203 

1099 

reduces  Le  Maine    

364 

203 

1100 

slain  —  his  character         ..... 

364 

203 

10501 
1052  J 

William,  bishop  of  London      

314,315 

146,  149 

1066 

William  Fitz  Osbern,  left  as  regent  of  England 

339 

170 

1070 

slain  in  Flanders      ...... 

347 

177,178 

10761 
1075  / 

his  daughter's  marriage    ..... 

348,  349 

180 

1085 

William,  bishop  of  Norfolk  (Thetford)    . 

353 

186 

316 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A  D 

Pag( 

*of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1088 

William,  bishop  of  Durham,  rebels  against  William 

356 

191 

1088 

357 

192 

1088 

returns  to  Normandy       ..... 

358 

193 

1096 

dies  at  Windsor       

362 

200 

1096 

1096 
1100 
1103 

William,  count  of  Eu,  overcome  in  single  combat 
by  Geoffrey  Bainard  —  his  punishment 
William,  steward  of  the  count  of  Eu,  hanged  . 
William  Giffard,  bishop  of  Winchester    . 
leaves  England         

.'362 
362 
365 
366 

200 
200 
204 

206 

1123 
1129 

assists  at  the  consecration  of  William,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  
dies         

374 
379 

219 

99(J 

1104 

William,   count  of  Mortain,  forfeits  his  lands   in 
England       ...... 

367 

207 

1105 

his  hostilities  

367 

9  07 

1105 
1105 
1106 
1112 
1110 
1110 
1112 

holds  out  against  Henry  I  
captured  at  Tinchebray            .... 
William  Crespin,  captured  at  Tinchebray 
deprived  of  his  lands  and  banished 
William  Bainart,  deprived  of  his  lands    . 
William  Malet,  deprived  of  his  lands 
William,  count  of  Evreux,  deprived  of  his  lands  and 
banished 

368 
368 
368 
369 
369 
369 

369 

207 
209 
209 
211 
211 
211 

91  ] 

1115 

1119 
1120 

William,  son  of  Henry  I.,  receives  the  homage  and 
fealty  of  the  Normans           .... 
marries  the  count  of  Anjou's  daughter     . 
drowned          

370 
372 

373 

21-3 
215 
916 

1123 

William  Curboil   (Corbeil),  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury   ..... 

374 

91  Q 

1123 

consecrated  by  the  bishops  of  London,  Roches- 
ter, etc  

374 

919 

1123 
1125 

obtains  his  pall  at  Rome  by  bribery 
again  goes  to  Rome 

375 
377 

219 

929 

1129 
1130 

holds  a  synod  against  the  marriage  of  priests     . 
consecrates  Christchurch  Canterbury,  and  Ro- 
chester cathedrals         .... 

379 

380 

226 
997 

1135 
1140 

consecrates  Stephen,  king  of  England      . 
dies         

382 
383 

229 
9%1 

1123 

William  of  Roumare,  earl  of  Lincoln,  revolts  from 
Henry  I.     ...... 

375 

91  Q 

1140 

revolts  from  king  Stephen,  and  takes  him  pri- 
soner .... 

004. 

900 

1124 

William,  son  of  count  Robert  of  Normandy,  at  war 
with  Henry  I  

Q7« 

99O 

1124 

marries    Sibylla,    daughter    of  the  count    of 
Anjou           .... 

375 

990 

1127 

divorced,  and  marries  the  sister  of  the  king  of 
France,  and   receives  from  him  the  county 
of  Flanders           ... 

99° 

1128 

dies  at  St.  Omer's     . 

'  ',  'i  S 

o.irj 

1127 

William  Malduit,  surrenders  lauds  to  Peterborough 

383 

232 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


317 


A.D. 

Pages  of 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1137 

William,  St.,  a  boy  crucified  by  the  Jews  of  Norwich 

383 

232 

1138 

William  of  Albemarle,  defeats  king  David  of  Scot- 

land in  the  battle  of  the  Standard 

383 

232 

1154 

William  of  Waltevile,  abbot  of  Peterborough  . 

385 

235 

1003 

Wilton,  burnt  by  the  Danes    

252,253 

112 

1015 

Wiltshire,  ravaged  by  Cnut     

276,277 

121 

718 

Wimborne  (Winburne),  monastery  at,  built  by  Cuth- 
burh,  sister  of  king  Ine         .... 

70,71 

39 

6421 

Winchester,  Old  monastery  at,  built  by  king  Ccn- 

643  I 

48,49 

23,24 

Lf-XtJ    J 

860 

128,  129 

58 

903 

New  monastery  at,  consecrated 

181 

76 

964 

secular  priests  expelled  from  the  old  and  new 

monasteries  at       ...... 

222,223 

94 

1013 

submits  to  king  Svein       ..... 

270,271 

119 

11401 

besieged  by  king  Stephen's  queen,  Matilda 

384 

233 

793") 

r 

101 

48 

1039 

1 

i 

296 

131 

1053 

1 

320 

154 

1103 
1114   " 

Wind,  high    

366 
370 

206 
212 

1118 

372 

215 

1121 

373 

217 

1122J 

I 

373 

217 

6561 

Wine,  bishop  of  London,  assists  at  the  consecration 

(664)/ 

of  Medeshamstede        „ 

53 

26 

660 

bishop  of  Winchester       

54,55 

28 

673 

Winfrith,  bishop  of  Mercia  (Lichfield),  deprived  of 

his  see          

53 

29 

761~vi 

r 

88,89 

44 

1046 

302 

136 

1111  }> 

Winter,  severe        -] 

369 

211 

1115  1 

| 

371 

213 

1116J 

I 

371 

213 

654  ) 
655  / 

Winwidfeld,  Penda  of  Mercia  slain  at       ... 

50,51 

24 

465  \ 
466  J 

22,23 

13 

Witena-gemot     See  Council. 

Witha.     See  Wido. 

913 

Witham,  in  Essex,  castle  (burh)  built  at  by  Eadward 

the  Elder     

186,187 

78 

Witta,  ancestor  of  Hengest  and  Horsa    . 

21 

12 

477 

Wlencing,  son  of  ^Elle,  arrives  in  Britain 

22,23 

13 

592 

Woddesbeorh  (Wodnesbeorh),  great  slaughter  at      . 

34,35 

17 

715 

battle  at,  between  Ine  of  Wessex  and  Ceolred  of 

Mercia         

70,71 

38 

Woden  (geneal.)     

1    21,28, 

3,  1  2,  1  5 

30,  36,  42, 

bis,  17,21, 

86,126 

44,  58, 

232 

100 

318 


CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A  T) 

Pag 

esof 

XlL.-L/. 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

777 

Woking,  monastery  at,  given  to  Medeshamstede 

92 

46 

981 

Womaer,  abbot  of  Ghent,  dies          .... 

234 

102 

1041 

Worcestershire,  laid  waste  by  king  Harthacnut 

296 

132 

1088 

ravaged  by  the  men  of  Shropshire   and  the 

Welsh  

357 

192 

800 

Won',  aldorman,  dies       .         .         .... 

104,  105 

51 

1006 
981 

Wulfeah,  blinded  by  order  of  king  ^Ethelred   . 
Wulfgar,  bishop  of  Wilton      

254,  255 
234 

113 
102 

990 

Wulfgar,  abbot  of  Abingdon    

238,239 

104 

1016 

dies          

284,  285 

124 

1006 

Wulfgeat,  deprived  of  his  property  .... 

254,  255 

113 

823 

Wulfheard     aldorman,    sent    into   Kent    by  king 

Ecgbryht      

110,111 

53 

837 

defeats  the  Danes—  dies  

118,  119 

55     • 

860 

Wulfheard  (Osric),  aldorman  of  Hampshire,  defeats 

the  Danes    

128,  130 

58 

897 

Wulfheard,  a  Frisian,  slain      

176,177 

74 

925 

Wulfhelm,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 

198 

85 

927 

goes  to  Eome           

199 

85 

656 

Wulfhere,  king  of  Mercia        

52,53 

25 

664 

charters  Medeshamstede  

52,53 

25 

661 

gives  the  Isle  of  Wight  to  ^Ethelwald,  king  of 

Sussex          

54,55 

29 

675 

fights  with  ^scwine  of  Wessex  —  dies 

58,59 

31 

1001 

Wulfhere,  a  bishop's  thane,  slain     .... 

250 

110 

1009 

Wulfnoth    child,    accused  by  Brihtric,  flees  and 

ravages  the  coast,  and  burns  Brihtric's  ships 

260,  261 

114,  115 

1049"! 
1050  J 

Wulfnoth,  abbot  of  Westminster,  dies      . 

310 

140,  142 

803 

Wulfred,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 

106,  107 

51 

804 

receives  the  pall        

106,  107 

51 

812 

goes  to  Rome  

108,109 

52 

813 

returns    

108,  109 

52 

829 

114,  115 

54 

852 

Wulfred,  rents  Sempringham  of  Medeshamstede 

122 

56 

897 

Wulfred,  aldorman  of  Hampshire,  dies     . 

174,175 

73 

897 

Wulfric,  king's  horse-thane,  dies     .... 

178,179 

74 

1010 

Wulfric,  son  of  Leofwine,  slain        .... 

262,  263 

116 

1043 

Wulfric,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  Canterbury  . 

301 

134 

1046 

sent  to  the  synod  at  Kheims      .... 

305 

139 

1061 

dies          .... 

328,  329 

160,  161 

943 

Wulfrun,  captured  by  the  Danes  at  Tamworth 

211 

89 

1016 

Wulfsige,  abbot  of  Ramsey,  slain  at  Assingdon 

282,283 

123 

1053 

Wulfsige,  bishop  of  Lichfield,  dies  . 

322 

154 

943 

Wulfstan  (Wulstan),  archbishop  of  York,  besieged 

in,  and  escapes  from,  Leicester 

211 

89 

947 

pledges  his  faith  to  king  Eadred,  and  breaks  it 

213 

90 

952 

imprisoned  at  Jedburgh   

215 

91 

954 

made  bishop  of  Dorchester       .... 

215 

91 

956 

dies 

215 

91 

963 

Wulfstan,  deacon,  dies    

220 

93 

996 

Wulfstan,  ordained  bishop  of  London     . 

245 

107 

CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX. 


A  T) 

Pag< 

sof 

2\.t  L/« 

A.S.  text. 

Transl. 

1020 

Wulfstan,  archbishop  of  York,  assists  at  the  conse- 

cration of  the  monastery  at  Assingdon 

286,  287 

125 

1020 

consecrates  archbishop  ^Ethelnoth    . 

286,287 

125 

1023 

dies          .                  

289 

126 

1088 

Wulfstan,  bishop  of  Worcester,  defeats  the  Norman 

rebels                   ...... 

357 

192 

1053 

Wulfwig,  bishop  of  Dorchester,  consecrated  abroad 

322 

155 

1067 

dies          

340 

171 

982 

Wulfwin,  abbess  of  Wareham,  dies 

236 

103 

1084 

Wulfwold,  abbot  of  Chertsey,  dies  .... 

352 

185 

Wyrtgeorn.     See  Vortigern. 

Y. 

Yceanho.     See  Icanho. 

Yfie,  ancestor  of  ^Elle     

30 

15 

Ymme.     See  JElfgifu  Emma. 

626 

York,  St.  Peter's  church  at,  built  by  king  Eadwine 

43 

21 

741 

burnt       ...         

79 

41 

923 

taken  by  Ragnald    ...... 

197 

84 

1067 

two  castles  built  there,  by  William  I. 

342 

172 

1068 

sacked  by  him           

342 

173 

1069 

plundered  by  Eadgar  aetheling  and  the  sons  of 

Svein,  king  of  Denmark       .... 

342,  343 

174 

1069 

Yorkshire,  laid  waste  by  William  the  Conqueror     . 

342,  343 

174 

449 

Ypwines-  Heopwines-fleet,  Angles  land  at 

20,21 

11,  12 

948 

Yric  QEric),    chosen  king  by  the  Northumbrians, 

and  forsaken  by  them  

213 

90 

952 

Yric,  son  of  Harald,  chosen  king  by  the  Northum- 

brians   

215 

91 

954 

expelled  

215 

91 

1016 

Yric,  made  earl  of  Northumberland  by  Cnut 

278,  279 

122 

1017 

confirmed  in  his  government    .... 

284,  285 

124 

1047 

Yrling  (Erling),    and  Lothen    (Lothinn),   plunder 

Sandwich  and  along  the  coast 

304,  305 

137 

905 

Ysopa  hold,  slain    .        

182,  183 

76 

1070 

Yware,  churchward  of  Peterborough,   secures  the 

church  property    

345 

176 

321 


A    GLOSSARY 


A  FEW  ANGLO-SAXON  TERMS  NECESSARILY  RETAINED  IN  THE 
TRANSLATION,  FOR  WHICH  THERE  IS  NO  EXACT  EQUIVALENT 
IN  ENGLISH. 


Aldorman  (Ealdorman),  dux;  for 
so  the  Saxon  appellation  is  usually 
rendered  in  Latin ;  though  we 
also  find,  as  its  equivalent,  prin- 
ceps,  comes.  Although  originally 
signifying  prince,  it  appears  in 
later  times,  rather  to  designate  a 
title  of  office,  than  as  eorl,  a  dis- 
tinction of  caste.  The  aldorman 
was  the  governor,  civil  and  mili- 
tary, of  a  shire.  In  the  Kentish 
laws  the  title  of  aldorman  does 
not  occur,  its  place  being  supplied 
by  that  of  eorl ;  a  difference 
arising  probably  from  its  being 
unknown  to  the  Jutish  followers 
of  Hengest,  to  whom  the  dignity 
of  eorl,  or  jaii  was,  no  doubt, 
native  and  familiar. 

JEscman.     See  p.  83,  note. 

Bonde-land ;  p.  46.  This  species 
of  land,  as  far  as  I  am  aware, 
occurs  only  in  this  place  :  it  is 
probably  part  of  the  bocland 
rented  to  a  *  bonda '  or  husband- 
man. 

Butse-carl.     See  p.  147,  note. 

Censerie.     See  p.  231,  note. 

Gild,  child.  A  title  nearly  synony- 
mous with  aefteling  ;  though  im- 

VOL.    II. 


like  it  in  being  given  not  only  to 
the  younger  branches  of  royalty, 
but  to  those  of  the  highest  fami- 
lies :  as  Wulfnoth  cild,  Eadric 
cild :  even  Eadgar  retheling  is 
sometimes  called  Eadgar  cild. 
So  in  France,  under  the  old 
regime,  we  have  enfants  de 
France  ;  also  in  Spain. 

Cotlif,  a  vill,  or  small  holding,  the 
precise  nature  of  which  is  not 
known. 

Eorl,  Dan.  Jarl,  earl,  comes.  A 
title  of  honour  which,  though  in 
early  use  amongst  us,  particularly 
among  the  Jutes  of  Kent,  may,  as 
designating  an  office,  be  regarded 
as  a  Danish  innovation,  and  to 
have  been  substituted  by  Cnut  for 
the  Saxon  title  of  ealdorman,  as 
governor  of  a  shire  or  province. 
Unlike  ealdorman,  it  denoted,  at 
least  originally,  a  caste  or  order, 
in  contradistinction  to  'ceorl'; 
the  antithesis  of  '  eorl  and  ceorl ' 
signifying  the  highest  and  lowest 
orders  of  freemen  ;  hence  an 
1  eorlcund  man '  signified  one  of 
the  noblest  birth  ;  the  wer  (capi- 
tis  aestimatio)  of  the  former  being 
sixfold  that  of  the  latter  ;  whence 
x 


322 


GLOSSARY. 


the  expressions  '  twelf  hind  man  ' 
and  'twihind  man.' 

Gerefa,  reeve.  A  fiscal  officer  ap- 
pointed by  the  king,  but  subordi- 
nate to  the  aldorman  of  the  shire. 
This  definition,  however,  applies 
strictly  only  to  the  highest  class 
of  gerefan,  to  the  scir-gerefan,  or 
sheriffs,  the  vicecomites  of  the 
Latin  chroniclers,  a  title  intro- 
duced probably  when  that  of 
aldorman  was  supplanted  by  that 
of  eorl,  comes.  In  the  Sax. 
Chron.  (a.  897),  mention  occurs 
of  a  '  Wealh-gerefa,'  with  whose 
functions  we  are  unacquainted. 
We  have  also  a  wic-gerefa,  a 
village  or  toivn-reeve,  a  denomi- 
nation probably  equivalent  to 
port-gerefa,  the  title  anciently 
borne  by  the  official  of  later  times 
styled  mayor  and  lord  mayor. 
Besides  the  king  we  find  other 
dignitaries  having  their  reeves, 
as  aldormen,  bishops,  and  others. 

Hold.     See  p.  76,  note. 

Hors-J>egn.     See  pegn. 

Hus-carl.     See  p.  130. 

Infangenfef.  The  privilege  of  ex- 
ecuting summary  justice  on  a 
thief,  if  captured  on  the  land  with 
the  stolen  property  in  his  posses- 
sion. 

Kenepas.     See  p.  158,  note. 

Lidwiccan.     See  p.  67,  note. 

Mitta,  modius,  a  corn  measure  of 
uncertain  capacity. 

NiSing,  a  vile  person,  outlaw,  from 
ni<5erian,  to  lower,  humiliate.  To 
declare  a  man  a  niSing,  was  to 
proclaim  him  infamous  and  outlaw. 

Saca  and  Socn  (from  sacan,  to  con- 


tend, litigate,  and  secan  (secean), 
to  seek).  Saca  is  the  privilege 
enjoyed  by  a  lord  of  hearing  and 
deciding  causes  in  his  court. 
The  two  terms  are  usually  con- 
joined, and  seem  nearly  synony- 
mous, one  standing  occasionally 
for  both.  Soc  sometimes  signi- 
fies the  court  itself. 

ScegS.     See  p.  114,  note. 

Saedleap  (from  said,  seed,  and  leap, 
basket).  A  measure  of  seed- 
corn. 

Sester,  Sextarius :  one  horse-load, 
according  to  Hen.  Huntend.,  who, 
speaking  of  the  famine  in  1044, 
says,  "  Circa  hoc  tempus  tanta 
"  fames  Angliam  invasit,  quod 
"  sextarius  frumenti,  qui  equo 
"  uni  solet  esse  oneri,  venunda- 
"  retur  quinque  solidis,  et  etiam 
"  plus."  A  sester  of  honey  was 
thirty-two  ounces,  Cod.  Diplom., 
No.  950. 

Socn.     See  Saca  and  Socn. 

Stallere,  the  comes  stabuli,  or  con- 
stable :  from  steall,  stall,  stable, 
and  here,  lord,  master.  The 
steallere  was  an  official  of  the 
highest  rank.  The  title  does  not 
appear  till  the  later  times  of  the 
Saxon  monarchy.  In  what  his 
functions  differed  from  those  of 
the  king's  hors-J>egn,  is  uncertain ; 
the  latter  may  probably  have 
been  subordinate  to  the  former,  if 
not  an  earlier  denomination  of 
'  steallere.' 

Tenseri.     See  Censerie. 

pegn  (pegen),  thane  (from  ]>egnian, 
servire,  ministrare).  Though  sig- 
nifying originally  a  domestic  ser- 


GLOSSARY. 


323 


vant,  a  king's  thane  (like  a  king's 
minister  now)  was  a  high  digni- 
tary, and  a  noble  by  service.  Of 
thanes  there  were  many  degrees 
and  kinds,  as  the  king's  horse- 
thane,  perhaps  the  subordinate  of, 
or  identical  with,  the  steallere  ; 
the  hrasgl-pegn,  or  wardrobe 
keeper  ;  the  bur-J»egn,  bower- 
thane,  or  chamberlain.  The  idea 
of  service  seems  at  length  to  have 
become  obsolete,  as  a  'ceorl,'  or 
simple  freeman  might,  by  owning 
a  certain  quantity  of  land,  attain 
to  thane-right,  or  the  rank  of 
thane.  In  fact,  the  thanes  were 
the  gentry  of  the  kingdom. 
Team.  The  privilege  possessed  by 
a  lord  of  taking  cognizance  in 


cases  of  tracing,  from  one  to  an- 
other, property  that  had  been 
stolen,  or,  as  it  is  termed,  vouch- 
ing to  warranty.  It  is  thus  de- 
fined by  Spelman  :  "  Jurisdictio 
"  cognoscendi  in  curia  sua  de 
"  advocationibus  ;  hoc  est,  ut  ju- 
"  risconsulti  loquuntur,  de  voca- 
"  tis  ad  warrantiam." 

Toll.  The  right  of  the  lord  of  levy- 
ing toll  on  all  sales  and  purchases 
on  his  laud. 

Viking  (Ut-viking).  See  p.  65, 
note. 

Witan  (plur.  of  wita,  gen.  plur. 
witena),  the  councillors,  or  mem- 
ber of  the  great  national  assem- 
bly (mot,  gemot),  or  witena 


x  2 


CORRIGENDUM. 


Page  143,  after  An.  M.XLVIII.  a<l<l  (M.L.),  c/wrf  p.  14G,  at  foot,  for  E., 
read  E.F. 


LONDON : 

Printed  by  GEOHGE  E.  EYRE  and  WILLIAM  SPOTTISWOODE. 

Printers  to  the  Queen's  most  Excellent  Majesty. 

For  Her  Majesty's  Stationery  Office. 


LIST   OF   WORKS 


PUBLISHED 


By  the  late  Record  and  State  Paper  Commissioners, 
or  under  the  Direction  of  the  Right  Hon.  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls,  which  may  be  had  of 
Messrs.  Longman  and  Co. 


PUBLIC  RECORDS  AND  STATE  PAPERS. 


ROTULORUM  ORIGINALIUM  IN  CURIA  SCACCARII  ABBREVIATIO.  Henry 
III. — Edward  III.  Edited  by  HENRY  PLAYFORD,  Esq.  2  vols. 
folio  (1805—1810).  Price,  boards,  12s.  6d.  each,  or  25s. 

CALENDARIUM  INQUISITIONUM  POST  MORTEM  SIVE  ESCAETARUM. 
Henry  III. — Richard  III.  Edited  by  JOHN  CALEY  AND  J. 
BAYLEY,  Esqrs.  4  vols.  folio  (1806—1808  ;  1821—1828),  boards: 
vols.  2  and  3,  separately,  price,  boards,  each  21  s.;  vol.  4,  boards, 
245. 

LIBRORUM  MANUSCRIPTORUM  BIBLIOTHECLE  HARLEIANJE  CATALOGUS. 
Vol.  4.  Edited  by  The  Eev.  T.  H.  HORNE,  (1812)  folio,  boards. 
Price  18s. 

ABBREVIATIO  PLACITORUM,  Richard  I. — Edward  II.  Edited  by  The 
Right  Hon.  GEORGE  ROSE,  AND  W.  ILLINGWORTH,  Esq.  1  vol. 
folio  (1811),  boards.  Price  18s. 

LIBRI   CENSUALIS   vocati  DOMESDAY-BOOK,  INDICES.     Edited  by  Sir 
HENRY  ELLIS.      Small    folio  (1816),   boards   (Domesday -Book 
vol.  3).     Price  21s. 

LIBRI  CENSUALIS  vocati  DOMESDAY,  ADDITAMENTA  EX  CODIC.  ANTI- 
QUISS.  Edited  by  Sir  HENRY  ELLIS.  Small  folio  (1816),  boards 
(Domesday-Book,  vol.  4).  Price  21  s. 


STATUTES  OF  THE  REALM,  in  very  large  folio.  Vols.  1  to  1 1  (except 
vols.  5  and  6.)  including  2  vols.  of  Indices  (1810—1828).  Edited 
by  Sir  T.  E.  TOMLINS,  JOHN  RAITHBY,  JOHN  CALEY,  and 
WM.  ELLIOTT,  Esqrs.  Price  31  s.  6d.  each. 

*#*  The  Alphabetical  and  Chronological  Indices  may  be  had  separately, 
price  30s.  each. 

VALOR  ECCLESIASTICUS,  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  Auctoritate  Regia  insti- 
tutus.  Edited  by  JOHN  CALEY,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  JOSEPH 
HUNTER.  Vols.  4  to  6,  folio  (1810,  &c.),  boards.  Price  25s.  each. 

*#*  The  Introduction  is  also  published  in  8vo.,  cloth.     Price  2s.  6d. 

ROTULI  SCOTL<E  IN  TuRRI  LONDINENSI  ET  IN  DOMO  CAPITULARI  WEST- 

MONASTERIENSI  ASSERVATi.  19  Edward  I. — Henry  VIII.  Edited 
by  DAVID  MACPHERSON,  JOHN  CALEY,  AND  W.  ILLINGWORTH, 
Esqrs.,  and  the  Rev.  T.  H.  HORNE.  2  vols.  folio  (1814 — 1819), 
boards.  Price  42s. 

"  F(EDERA,  CONVENTIONES,  LITTERS,"  &c.  ;  or,  Rymer's  Fredera,  A.D. 
1066—1391.  New  Edition,  Vol.  2,  Part  2,  and  Vol.  3,  Parts  1 
and  2,  folio  (1821 — 1830).  Edited  by  JOHN  CALEY  and  FRED. 
HOLBROOKE,  Esqrs.  Price  21  s.  each  Part. 

DUCATUS  LANCASTRI^E  CALENDARIUM  INQUISITIONUM  POST  MORTEM, 
&c.  Part  3,  Ducatus  Lancastrias.  Calendar  to  the  Pleadings,  &c. 
Henry  VII. — Ph.  and  M.  ;  and  Calendar  to  Pleadings,  1 — 13 
Elizabeth.  Part  4,  Calendar  to  Pleadings  to  end  of  Elizabeth. 
Edited  by  R.  J.  HARPER,  JOHN  CALEY,  and  WM.  MINCIIIN, 
Esqrs.  Part  3  (or  Vol.  2)  (1827—1834),  price  31s.  6d.  ;  and 
Part  4  (or  Vol.  3),  boards,  folio,  price  21  s. 

CALENDARS  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS  IN  CHANCERY  IN  THE  REIGN  OF 
QUEEN  ELIZABETH,  to  which  are  prefixed  examples  of  earlier 
proceedings  in  that  Court  from  Richard  II.  to  Elizabeth,  from  the 
originals  in  the  Tower.  Edited  by  JOHN  BAYLEY,  Esq.  Vols.  2 
and  3  (1830 — 1832),  boards,  each,  folio,  price  21s. 

PARLIAMENTARY  WRITS  AND  WRITS  OF  MILITARY  SUMMONS,  together 
with  the  Records  and  Muniments  relating  to  the  Suit  and  Service 
due  and  performed  to  the  King's  High  Court  of  Parliament  and 
the  Councils  of  the  Realm.  Edward  L,  II.  Edited  by  Sir  FRANCIS 
PALGRAVE.  (1830—1834).  Vol.  2,  Division  1,  Edward  II.,  21s.  ; 
Vol.  2,  Division  2,  21s.;  Vol.  2,  Division  3,  folio,  boards,  price  42s. 

ROTULI  LITTERARUM  CLAUSARUM  IN  TURRI  LONDINENSI  ASSERVATI. 
2  vols.  folio  (1833—1844).  The  first  volume  commences  A.D.  1204 
to  1224.  The  second  volume  1224—1227.  Edited  by  THOMAS 
DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq.  Together, price  81s.  cloth  ;  or  the  volumes 
may  be  had  separately.  Vol.  1,  price  63s.  cloth  ;  Vol.  2,  cloth, 
price  18s. 


THE  GREAT  ROLLS  OF  THE  PIPE  FOR  THE  SECOND,  THIRD,  AND 
FOURTH  YEARS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  KING  HENRY  THE  SECOND, 
1155 — 1158.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  JOSEPH  HUNTER.  1  vol.  royal 
8vo.  (1844),  cloth.  Price  4s.  6d. 

Tim  GREAT  ROLL  OF  THE  PIPE  FOR  THE  FIRST  YEAR  OF  THE 
REIGN  OF  KING  RICHARD  THE  FIRST,  1189 — 1190.  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  JOSEPH  HUNTER.  1  vol.  royal  8vo.  (1844),  cloth. 
Price  6s. 

PROCEEDINGS  AND  ORDINANCES  OF  THE  PRIVY  COUNCIL  OF  ENG- 
LAND, commencing  10  Richard  II. — 33  Henry  VIII.  Edited  l>y 
Sir  N.  HARRIS  NICOLAS.  7  vols.  royal  8vo.  (1834 — 1837),  cloth 
98s.  ;  or  any  of  the  volumes  may  bo  had  sqwriitely,  cloth. 
Price  14s.  each. 

ROTULI    LlTTERARUM   PATENTIUM    IN    TuRRI   LONDINENSI    ASSERVATT, 

A.D.   1201   to  1216.     Edited  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq. 

1  vol.  folio  (1835),  cloth.     Price  31s.  6d. 

%*  The  Introduction  is  also  published  in  8vo.,  cloth.     Price  9s. 

ROTULI  CURI^E  REGIS.  Rolls  and  Records  of  the  Court  held  before 
the  King's  Justiciars  or  Justices.  6  Richard  I. — 1  John.  Edited 
by  Sir  FRANCIS  PALGRAVE.  2  vols.  royal  8vo.  (1835),  cloth. 
Price  28s. 

ROTULI  NORMANNIJE  IN  TURRI  LONDINENSI  ASSERVATI,  A.D.  1200 — 
1205.  Also  from  1417  to  1418.  Edited  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS 
HARDY,  Esq.  1  vol.  royal  8vo.  (1835),  cloth.  Price  12s.  6d. 

ROTULI  DE  OBLATIS  ET  FINIBUS  IN  TURRI  LONDINENSI  ASSERVATI, 
U'inpore  Regis  Johannis.  Edited  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS  HARDY, 
Esq.  1  vol.  royal  8vo.  (1835),  cloth.  Price  18s. 

EXCERPTA    E     ROTULIS     FlNIUM     IN    TuRRI    LONDINENSI   ASSERVAT1S. 

Henry  III.,  1216 — 1272.      Edited  by   CHARLES   ROBERTS,   Esq. 

2  vols.  royal   8vo.  (1835,  1836),  cloth,  price  32s.  ;  or  the  volumes 
may  be  had  separately,  Vol.  I,  price  14s.  ;  Vol.  2,  cloth,  price  18s. 

FINES  SIVE  PEDES  FINIUM  SIVE  FINALES  CONCORDI^E  IN  CURIA 
DOMINI  REGIS.  7  Richard  I. — 16  John  (1195 — 1214).  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  JOSEPH  HUNTER.  In  Counties.  2  voLs.  royal  8vo. 
(1835— 1844),  together,  cloth,  price  lls.  ;  or  the  volumes  may  be 
had  separately,  Vol.  1,  price  8s.  6d. ;  Vol.  2,  cloth,  price  2s.  6d. 

ANCIENT  KALENDARS  AND  INVENTORIES  (THE)  OF  THE  TREASURY 
OF  His  MAJESTY'S  EXCHEQUER  ;  together  with  Documents  illus- 
trating the  History  of  that  Repository.  Edited  by  Sir  FRANCIS 
PALGRAVE.  3  vols.  royal  8vo.  (1836),  cloth.  Price  42s. 

DOCUMENTS  AND  RECORDS  illustrating  the  History  of  Scotland,  and  the 
Transactions  between  the  Crowns  of  Scotland  and  England  ; 
preserved  in  the  Treasury  of  Her  Majesty's  Exchequer.  Edited 
by  Sir  FRANCIS  PALGRAVE.  1  vol.  royal  8vo.  (1837),  cloth, 
Price  18s. 


ROTULI    ClIARTARUM   IN   TURRI   LONDINENSI   ASSERVATI,    A.D.     1199 

1216.     Edited  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS  HARDY,   Esq.      1  vol.   folio 
(1837),  cloth.     Price  30s. 

REGISTRUM  vulgariter  nuncupatum  "  The  Record  of  Caernarvon,"  e 
codice  MS.  Harleiano,  696,  descriptum.  Edited  by  Sir  HENRY 
ELLIS.  1  vol.  folio  (1838),  cloth.  Price  31  s.  6d. 

ANCIENT  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTES  OF  ENGLAND  ;  comprising  Laws 
enacted  under  the  Anglo-Saxon  Kings,  from  JEthelbirht  to  Cnut, 
with  an  English  Translation  of  the  Saxon  ;  the  Laws  called 
Edward  the  Confessor's  ;  the  Laws  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
those  ascribed  to  Henry  the  First ;  also,  Monumenta  Ecclesiastica 
Angficana,  from  the  7th  to  the  10th  century  ;  and  the  Ancient 
Latin  Version  of  the  Anglo- Saxon  Laws  ;  with  a  compendious 
Glossary,  &c.  Edited  by  BENJAMIN  THORPE,  Esq.  1  vol.  folio 
(1840),  cloth.  Price  40s. 

2  vols.  royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  30s. 

ANCIENT  LAWS  AND  INSTITUTES  OF  WALES;  comprising  Laws  supposed 
to  be  enacted  by  Howel  the  Good  ;  modified  by  subsequent  Regu- 
lations under  the  Native  Princes,  prior  to  the  Conquest  by  Edward 
the  First ;  and  anomalous  Laws,  consisting  principally  of  Insti- 
tutions which,  by  the  Statute  of  Ruddlan,  were  admitted  to  continue 
in  force.  With  an  English  Translation  of  the  Welsh  Text.  To 
which  are  added  a  few  Latin  Transcripts,  containing  Digests  of 
the  Welsh  Laws,  principally  of  the  Dimetian  Code.  With 
Indices  and  Glossary.  Edited  by  ANEURIN  OWEN,  Esq.  1  vol. 
folio  (1841),  cloth.  Price  44s. 

2  vols.  royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  36s. 

ROTULI  DE  LIBERATE  AC  DE  MISIS  ET  PR^ESTITIS,  Regnante  Johanne. 
Edited  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq.  1  vol.  royal  8vo. 
(1844),  cloth.  Price  6s. 

DOCUMENTS  ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  ENGLISH  HISTORY  in  the  13th  and  14th 
centuries,  selected  from  the  Records  in  the  Exchequer.  Edited 
by  HENRY  COLE,  Esq.  1  vol.  fcp.  folio  (1844),  cloth.  Price 
45s.  6d. 

MODUS  TENENDI  PARLI  AMENTUM.  An  Ancient  Treatise  on  the  Mode 
of  holding  the  Parliament  in  England.  Edited  by  THOMAS 
DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq.  1  vol.  8vo.  (1846),  cloth.  Price  2s.  6d. 

REPORTS  OF  THE  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  RECORD  COMMISSIONERS,  1800 
to  1819,  2  vols.,  folio,  boards.  Price  51.  5s.  From  1819  to  1831 
their  proceedings  have  not  been  printed.  A  third  volume  of 
Reports  of  their  Proceedings,  1831  to  1837,  folio,  boards,  8s. 
3  vols.  together,  boards.  Price  51.  13s. 


THE  ACTS  OF  THE  PARLIAMENTS  OP  SCOTLAND.  11  vols.  folio  (1814- 
1844).  Vol.  I.  Edited  by  THOMAS  THOMSON  and  COSMO  INNES, 
Esqrs.  Price  42s. 

V  Also,  Vols.  4,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  10*.  6d.  each  Vol. 

THE  ACTS  OF  THE  LORDS  OF  COUNCIL  IN  CIVIL  CAUSES.  A.D.  1478 — 
1495.  Edited  by  THOMAS  THOMSON,  Esq.  Folio  (1839).  Price 
10s.  6d. 

THE  ACTS  OF  THE  LORDS  AUDITORS  OF  CAUSES  AND  COMPLAINTS. 
A.D.  1466—1494.  Edited  by  THOMAS  THOMSON,  Esq.  Folio 
(1839).  Price  10s.  6d. 

REGISTRUM  MAGNI  SIGILLI  REGUM  SCOTORUM  in  Archivis  Publicis 
asservatum.  A.D.  1306 — 1424.  Edited  by  THOMAS  THOMSON, 
Esq.  Folio  (1814).  Price  15s. 

ISSUE  ROLL  OF  THOMAS  DE  BRANTINGHAM,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  Lord 
High  Treasurer  of  England,  containing  Payments  out  of  His 
Majesty's  Revenue,  44  Edward  III.,  1370.  Edited  fry  FREDERICK 
DEVON,  Esq.  1  vol.  4to.  (1835),  cloth.  Price  35s. 

Royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  25s. 

ISSUES  OF  THE  EXCHEQUER,  containing  similar  matter  to  the  above, 
temp.  Jac.  I.,  extracted  from  the  Pell  Records.  Edited  by 
FREDERICK  DEVON,  Esq.  1  vol.  4to.  (1 836),  cloth.  Price  30s. 

Royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  21s. 

ISSUES  OF  THE  EXCHEQUER,  containing  like  matter  to  the  above,  ex- 
tracted from  the  Pell  Records  ;  Henry  III.  to  Henry  VI.  inclusive. 
Edited  by  FREDERICK  DEVON,  Esq.  1  vol.  4to.  (1837),  cloth* 
Price  40s. 

Royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  30s. 

LIBER  MUNERUM  PUBLICORUM  HIBERNI^E,  ab  an.  1152  usque  ad 
1827  ;  or,  The  Establishments  of  Ireland  from  the  19th  of  King 
Stephen  to  the  7th  of  George  IV.,  during  a  period  of  675  years  ; 
being  the  Report  of  Rowley  Lascelles,  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
Barrister-at-Law.  Extracted  from  the  Records  and  other  autho- 
rities, by  Special  Command,  pursuant  to  an  Address,  an.  1810, 
of  the  Commons  of  the  United  Kingdom.  With  Introductory 
Observations  by  F.  S.  THOMAS,  Esq.  (1852.)  2  vols.  folio. 
Price  42s. 

NOTES  OF  MATERIALS  FOR  THE  HISTORY  OF  PUBLIC  DEPARTMENTS. 
By  F.  S.  THOMAS,  Esq.  Demy  folio  (1846).  Price  10s. 

HANDBOOK  TO  THE  PUBLIC  RECORDS.  By  F.  S.  THOMAS,  Esq.  Roynl 
8vo.  (1853.)  Price  12s. 


STATE  PAPERS  DURING  THE  REIGN  OF  HENRY  THE  EIGHTH.    11  vols. 

4to.  (1830 — 1852)  completing  the  work  in  its  present  form,  willi 

Indices  of  Persons  and  Places  to  the  whole.     Price  51.  15s.  Gr/. 
Vol.  I.  contains  Domestic  Correspondence. 
Vols.  II.  &  III. — Correspondence  relating  to  Ireland. 
Vols.  IV.  &  V. — Correspondence  relating  to  Scotland. 
Vols.  VI.  to  XI. — Correspondence   between    England    and   Foreign 

Courts. 

*#*  Any  Volume  may  be  purchased  separately,  price  10s.  6d. 

MONUMENTA  HiSTORiCA  BitiTANNicA,  or,  Materials  for  the  History  of 
Britain  from  the  earliest  period.  Vol.  1,  extending  to  the  Norman 
Conquest.  Prepared,  ;ind  illustrated  with  Notes,  by  Hie  late 
HENRY  PETRIE,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the- Tower 
of  London,  assisted  by  the  Rev.  JOHN  SHARPE,  Rector  of  Castle 
Eaton,  Wilts.  Finally  completed  for  publication,  and  with  an 
Introduction,  by  THOMAS  DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq.,  Assistant,  Keeper 
of  Records.  (Printed  by  command  of  Her  Majesty.)  Folio 
(1848).  Price  42s. 

HISTORICAL  NOTES  RELATIVE  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND  ;  em- 
bracing the  Period  from  the  Accession  of  King  Henry  VIII.  to 
the  Death  of  Queen  Anne  inclusive  (1509  to  1714).  Designed  ;is 
a  Book  of  instant  Reference  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the 
Dates  of  Events  mentioned  in  History  and  in  Manuscripts.  The 
Name  of  every  Person  and  Event  mentioned  in  History  within 
the  above  period  is  placed  in  Alphabetical  and  Chronological  Order, 
;ind  the  Authority  from  whence  taken  is  given  in  each  case, 
whether  from  Printed  History  or  from  Manuscripts.  By  F.  S. 
THOMAS,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the  Public  Record  Oilice.  3  vols.  8vo. 
(1856.)  Price  40s. 


CALENDARS  OF  STATE  TAPERS, 


[IMPERIAL  8vo.     Price  15s.  each  Volume.] 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGNS  OF 
KDVVARD  VI.,  MARY,  ELIZABETH,  1547-1580,  preserved  in  ihe 
State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  ROBERT  LEMON,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  1856. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
JAMES  I.,  preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Department  of  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  MARY  ANNE  EVERETT 
GREEN.  1857-1859. 

Vol.  I.— 1603-1610. 

Vol.  II.— 1611-1618. 

Vol.  III.— 1619-1623. 

Vol.  IV.— 1623-1625,  with  Addenda. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
CHARLES  L,  preserved  in  the  Stale  Paper  Department  of  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  JOHN  BRUCE,  Esq., 
V.P.S.A.  1858-1859. 

Vol.  I.— 1625-1626. 

Vol.  II.— 1627-1628. 

Vol.  III.— 1628-1629. 

Vol.  IV.— 1629-1631. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
CHARLES  II.,  preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Department  of  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  MARY  ANNE  EVERETT 
GREEN.  1860. 

Vol.  I.— 1660-1661. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS  relating  to  SCOTLAND,  preserved  in 
the  State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office.  Edited  by  MARKHAM  JOHN  THORPE,  Esq.,  of  St.  Edmund 
Hall,  Oxford.  1858. 

Vol.  L,  the  Scottish  Series,  of  the  Reigns  of  Henry  VIIL, 
,       Edward  VI.,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  1509-1589. 
Vol.  II.,  the  Scottish  Series,  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
1589-1603  ;    an    Appendix  to  the  Scottish  Series,  1543- 
1592  ;  and  the  State  Papers  relating  to  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots  during  her  Detention  in  England,  1568-1587. 
CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS  relating  to  IRELAND,  1509-1573,  pre- 
served in  the   State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public 
Record  Office.     Edited  by  H.  C.  HAMILTON,  Esq.     1860. 
Vol.  I. 


CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,   COLONIAL    SERIES,  preserved   in   the 
State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Eecord  Office. 
Edited  by  W.  NOEL  SALNSBURY,  Esq.     1860. 
Vol.  L— 1574-1660. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  FOREIGN  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
EDWARD  VI.  Edited  by  W.  B.  TURNBULL,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn, 
B arris ter-at-Law,  and  Correspondant  du  Comite  Imperial  des 
Travaux  Historiques  et  des  Societes  Savants  do  France.  1861. 


'In  the  Press. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS  RELATING  TO  IRELAND,  preserved  in  the 
State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  H.  C.  HAMILTON,  Esq. 
Vol.  II. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
CHARLES  II.,  preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Department  of  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  MARY  ANNE  EVERETT 
GREEN. 

Vol.  II. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  HENRY  VIII. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  BREWER,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English 
Literature,  King's  College,  London,  and  Reader  at  the  Rolls. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE   PAPERS,  COLONIAL    SERIES,   preserved   in  the 
State  Paper  Department  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  W.  NOEL  SAINSBURY,  Esq. 
Vol.  II. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  FOREIGN  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
MARY.  Edited  by  W.  B.  TURNBULL,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn, 
Barrister-at-Law,  and  Correspondant  du  Comite  Imperial  des 
Travaux  Historiques  et  des  Societes  Savants  de  France. 

CALENDAR  OF  STATE  PAPERS,  DOMESTIC  SERIES,  OF  THE  REIGN  OF 
CHARLES  I.,  preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Department  of  Her 
Mnjesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  JOHN  BRUCE,  Esq., 
V.P.S.A. 

Vol.  V, 


THE  CHRONICLES  AND  MEMORIALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 
AND  IRELAND  DURING  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 


[ROYAL  8vo.     Price  Ss.  6d.  each  Volume.] 

1.  THE  CHRONICLE  OF  ENGLAND,  by  JOHN  CAPGRAVE.     Edited  by  the 

Eev.  F.  C.  HINGE  STON,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford. 

2.  CHRONICON  MONASTERII  DE  ABINGDON.   Vols.  I.  and  II.    Edited  by 

the  Rev.  J.  STEVENSON,  M.A.,  of  University  College,  Durham, 
and  Vicar  of  Leighton  Buzzard. 

3.  LIVES  OF  EDWARD  THE  CONFESSOR.     I. — La  Estoire  de  Seint  Aed- 

ward  le  Rei.  II. — Vita  Beati  Edvardi  Regis  et  Confessoris. 
III. — Vita  JEduuardi  Regis  qui  apud  Westmonasterium  requiescit. 
Edited  by  H.  R.  LUARD,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

4.  MONUMENTA  FRANCiscANA  ;   scilicet,  I. — Thomas  de  Eccleston  de 

Adventu  Fratrum  Minorum  in  Angliam.  II. — Adas  de  Marisco 
Epistolse.  III. — Registrum  Fratrum  Minorum  Londonise.  Edited 
by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  BREWER,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature, 
King's  College,  London,  and  Reader  at  the  Rolls. 

5.  FASCICULI  ZIZANIORUM  MAGISTRI  JOHANNIS  WYCLIF  CUM  TRITICO. 

Ascribed  to  THOMAS  NETTER,  of  WALDEN,  Provincial  of  the 
Carmelite  Order  in  England,  and  Confessor  to  King  Henry  the 
Fifth.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  SHIRLEY,  M.A.,  Tutor  and  late 
Fellow  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford. 

6.  THE   BUIK   OF   THE   CRONICLIS   OF  SCOTLAND  ;   or,    A    Metrical 

Version  of  the  History  of  Hector  Boece  ;  by  WILLIAM  STEWART. 
Vols.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  Edited  by  W.  B.  TURNBULL,  Esq.,  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law. 

7.  JOIIANNIS  CAPGRAVE   LIBER   DE  ILLUSTRIBUS   HENRICIS.     Edited 

by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  HINGESTON,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford. 

8.  HISTORIA  MONASTERII  S.  AUGUSTINI  CANTUARIENSIS,  by  THOMAS 

OF  ELMHAM,  formerly  Monk  and  Treasurer  of  that  Foundation. 
Edited  by  C.  HARDWICK,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  Catharine's  Hall, 
and  Christian  Advocate  in  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

9.  EULOGIUM    (HISTORIARUM   siVE    TEMPORIS),    Chronicon    ab   Orbe 

condito  usque  ad  Annum  Domini  1366  ;  a  Monacho  quodam 
Malmesbiricnsi  exaratnm.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Edited  by  F.  S. 
HAYDON,  Esq.,  B.A. 


10 

10.  MEMORIALS   OP  KING  HENRY  THE  SEVENTH  :   Bernard!  Andreas 

Tholosatis    de   Vita   Regis   Henrici  Septimi    Historia  ;    necnon 

alia  quaedam  ad  eundem  Regem  spectantia.  Edited  by  J. 
GAIRDNER,  Esq. 

11.  MEMORIALS   OF  HENRY   THE   FIFTH.  I. — Vita  Henrici   Quinti, 

Roberto  Redmanno  auctore.  II. — Versus  Rhythmici  in  laudem 
Regis  Henrici  Quinti.  III. — Elmhami  Liber  Metricus  do 
Henrico  V.  Edited  by  C.  A.  COLE,  Esq. 

12.  MUNIMENTA    GILDHALL^E    LoNDONiENSis  ;    Liber    Albus,    Liber 

Custumarum,  et  Liber  Horn,  in  archivis  Gildhallae  asservati. 
Vol.  I.,  Liber  Albus.  Vol.  II.  (in  Two  Parts),  Liber  Custumarum. 
Edited  by  H.  T.  RILEY,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Barrister-at-Law. 

13.  CHRONICA  JOHANNIS  DE  OXENEDES.  Edited  by  Sir  H.  ELLIS,  K.H. 

14.  A    COLLECTION    OF    POLITICAL    POEMS    FROM    THE    ACCESSION 

OF  EDWARD  III.  TO  THE  REIGN  OF  HENRY  VIII.  Vol.  I. 
Edited  by  T.  WRIGHT,  Esq.,  M.A. 

15.  The  "Opus  TERTIUM"  and  "  OPUS  MINUS"   of  ROGER  BACON. 

Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  BREWER,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English 
Literature,  King's  College,  London,  and  Reader  at  the  Rolls. 

16.  BARTHOLOM^EI    DE    COTTON,   MONACHI  NORWICENSIS,   HISTORIA 

ANGLICANA  (A.D.  449 — 1298).  Edited  by  H.  R,  LUARD,  M.A., 
Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

17.  The  BRUT  Y  TYWYSOGION,  or,  The  Chronicle   of  the  Princes  of 

Wales.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  WILLIAMS  AB  ITHEL. 

18.  A  COLLECTION  OF  ROYAL  AND  HISTORICAL  LETTERS  DURING  THE 

REIGN  OF  HENRY  IV.  Vol.  I.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  F.  C. 
HINGESTON,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford. 

19.  THE  REPRESSOR  OF  OVER  MUCH  BLAMING  OF  THE  CLERGY.     By 
REGINALD  PECOCK,  sometime    Bishop    of  Chichester.     Vols.  I. 
and  II.     Edited  by  C.  BABINGTON,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge. 

20.  THE  ANN  ALES  CAMBRI^E.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  WILLIAMS  AB 
ITHEL. 

21.  THE   WORKS  OF  GIRALDUS   CAMBRENSIS.     Vol.  I.     Edited  by 
the  Rev.  J.  S.  BREWER,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature, 
King's  College,  London,  and  Reader  at  the  Rolls. 

22.  LETTERS    AND   PAPERS   ILLUSTRATIVE    OF    THE  WARS   OF    THE 
ENGLISH  IN  FRANCE  DURING  THE  REIGN  OF  HENRY  THE  SIXTH, 
KING  OF  ENGLAND.    Vol.  I.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  STEVENSON, 
M.A.,    of  University  College,    Durham,  and   Vicar  of  Leighton 
Buzzard. 

23.  THE   ANGLO-SAXON   CHRONICLE,   ACCORDING   TO    THE    SEVERAL 

ORIGINAL  AUTHORITIES.  Vol.  I.,  Original  Texts.  Vol.  II.. 
Translation.  Edited  by  B.  THORPE,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Science  at  Munich,  and  of  the  Society  of  Netherlandish 
Literature  at  Leyden. 


11 


In  the  Press. 

RlCARDI   DE  ClRENCESTRIA   SPECULUM  HlSTORIALE  DE  GfiSTIS    REGUM 

ANGLIC.     (A.D.  447—1066.)    Edited  by  J.  E.  B.  MAYOR,  M.A., 

Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 
LE   LIVERE    DE    REIS  DE   BRITTANIE.     Edited  by  J.  GLOVER,  M.A., 

Chaplain  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
RECUEIL  DES    CRONIQUES   ET   ANCHIENNES   ISTORIES   DE  LA  GRANT 

BRETAIGNE     A   PRESENT    NOMME    ENGLETERRE,   par   JEHAN  DE 

WAURIN.     Edited  by  W.  HARDY,  Esq. 
THE  WARS  or  THE  DANES  IN  IRELAND  :  written  in  the  Irish  language. 

Edited  by  the   Rev.  Dr.  TODD,    Librarian   of  the  University  of 

Dublin. 
A   COLLECTION    OF  POLITICAL    POEMS    FROM    THE    ACCESSION   OF 

EDWARD   III.   TO    THE     REIGN    OF    HENRY    VIII.      Vol.    II. 

Edited  by  T.  WRIGHT,  Esq.,  M.A. 
A  COLLECTION  OF  SAGAS  AND  OTHER  HISTORICAL  DOCUMENTS  relating 

to  the  Settlements  and  Descents  of  the  Northmen  on  the  British 

Isles.     Edited  by  GEORGE  W.  DASENT,  Esq.,  D.C.L.  Oxon. 
A   COLLECTION  OF  ROYAL  AND   HISTORICAL  LETTERS  DURING    THE 

REIGN   OF   HENRY  IV.     Vol.   II.     Edited  by  the   Rev.   F.    C. 

HINGESTON,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford. 
LETTERS  AND  PAPERS  OF  THE  REIGNS  OF  RICHARD  III.  AND  HENRY 

VII.     Edited  by  JAMES  GAIRDNER,  Esq. 
MUNIMENTA    GILDHALL^E  LONDONIENSIS  ;   Liber  Albus,  Liber  Cus- 

tumarum,  et- Liber  Horn,  in  archivis  Gildhallse  asservati.  Vol.  III. 

Translations  from  the  Anglo-Norman  portions  of  the  Liber  Albus  ; 

Appendix  ;  Glossaries  ;  and  Index.     Edited  by  H.  T.  RILEY,  Esq., 

M.A.,  Barrister-at-Law. 
EULOGIUM    (HISTORIARUM     siVE    TEMPORIS),    Chronicon    ab    Orbe 

condito   usque   ad   Annum   Domini    1366  ;    a   Monacho   quodam 

Malmesbiriensi  exaratum.      Vol.  III.      Edited  by  F.  S.  HAYDON, 

Esq.,  B.A. 
LETTERS  AND  TREATISES  OF  BISHOP  GROSSETETE,  illustrative  of  the 

Social  Condition  of  his  Time.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  R.  LUARD, 

M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
THE   WORKS   OF   GIRALDUS  CAMBRENSIS.    Vol.  II.     Edited  by  the 

Rev.  J.  S.  BREWER,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's 

College,  London,  and  Reader  at  the  Rolls. 
LETTERS  AND  PAPERS  ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  THE  WARS  OF  THE  ENGLISH 

IN  FRANCE   DURING    THE    REIGN  OF    HENRY  THE  SIXTH,  KING 

OF  ENGLAND.     Vol.  II.    Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  STEVENSON,  M.A., 

of  University  College,  Durham,  and  Vicar  of  Leighton  Buzzard. 
DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE  OF  MANUSCRIPTS  RELATING  TO  THE  EARLY 

HISTORY  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN.     Edited  by  T.  DUFFUS  HARDY,  Esq. 


12 


In  Progress. 

HISTORIA  MINOR  MATTH^I  PARIS.  Edited  by  Sir  F.  MADDEN,  K.H., 
Chief  of  the  MS.  Department  of  the  British  Museum. 

CIIRONICON  ABBATI^E  EVESHAMENSIS,  AUCTORIBUS  DOMINICO  PRIORE 
EVESHAMI^E  ET  THOMA  DE  MARLEBERGE  ABBATE,  A  FuNDA- 
TIONE  AD  ANNUM  1213,  UNA  CUM  CONTINUATIONE  AD  ANNUM 
1418.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  D.  MACRAY,  M.A.,  Bodleian 
Library,  Oxford. 

A  ROLL  OF  THE  IRISH    PRIVY    COUNCIL    OF    THE    16TH    YEAR    OF    THE 

REIGN  OF  RICHARD  II.     Edited  by  the  Rev.  JAMES  GRAVES. 

POLYCHRONICON  RANULPHi  HiGDENi,  with  Trevisa's  Translation. 
Edited  by  C.  BABINGTON,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge. 

February  1861. 


D 


3 


> 


DA 

150 

A633 

1861 

v.2 


Anglo-Saxon  chronicle 

The  Anglo-Saxon  chronicle 


F01  USE  IN 
LIBRARY  ONLY 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
CARDS  OR  SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY 


SEEN 

PRESERVATION 
SERVICES