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■ to IHS
IRISH LANGUAGE.
On
(.<i>n.onlRf^re^/ IN THREE PARTS. CC^^Ti'jfL bvw )^)'3
AN ORIGINAL AND COMPRE&ENSIVS QRABfMAR.
n-
FAMILIAR PHRASES, AND DULOGUESL
HI.
EXTRACTS FROM IRISH BOOKS, ANP MANXJSOHPTS, IN THE
ORIGINAL CHARACTER.
mm COPIOUS tables of TwscqdnrMAcrioNS.
BY REV. WM. NEILSON, B. D.
i^aO j OOOQ^-
DUBLIN:
PRINTED fOR P. WOGAN, 15, LOWER ORMONIXQUAV.
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;^
liarvard OoLe^e Libij^r,
if f^i " Bequest oT
Jeremiah Ouxtin
BOlMOti^AY 4. i^K
/'ti.
-a-:.'./-'
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TO HIS EXCELLENCY
PHILIP, EARL OF HARDWICKE,
LORD LIEUTENANT GENERAL, AND GENERAL
GOVERNOR OF IRELAND.
MY LORD,
The condescending attention, with which
your Excellency has been pleased to patro-
nize the following work, I shall ever grate-
fully remember. It is consistent with the
universal tenor of a viceroy alty, that is dear
to the true friends of Ireland j ^nd in which
the humblest attempt to promote the im-
provement of the country is regarded with
paternal encouragement.
Such are the views with which this pub-
lication is presented to the world, under the
auspices of your Excellepcy; and I ain
happy in taking this opportunity to declare
myself,
Your Excellency's
most obliged, obedient,
and humble Servant,
WILLIAM NEILSON.
Dumlalk,
March 1, 1306.
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I
\
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SUBSCRIBIiiRS' NAMES-
His Excell^Dcy^ Earl Kaxdwicke, Lar4 I>ieuH»nant of IndattA
in i30Q, PaUon.
fiis Grace, the Dulfa of Bedford, Lord LieHlf^naaitof Iretend is
1807.
4-
RtT. CfaarljBsAfkiotoi), Forkil.
The Lord Bishop of Sodor add Mao.
Rev. Dr. Beaufort, CoUpn.
J. Brownrigg, Esq. £ngia|ser to th.e Directors GfoeraL
Robert Boyd, Esq. Acton.
Henry Brabazon, Esq. Drogheda.
Alan B^llingl^an^, Esq. Castle-Beflingl^an]. ^
Gerald Bynie« Es^. Dandalk.
Mr. Edward Byrne* Dnndalk.
Mr. S. Bryson, Belfast.
Major Cregan.
Rcy. Peter Carney.
fiev. Edward Coates, A. B. Churchpoq]*
•fos. Coulter, Esq. Dewdalshill.
P<^ter Conolly, Esq. Whiterath.
Mr. Michael Clarke, Builder, Dundalk.
Mr. Marcus Cassidy, C^rricknacross.
I^r. John Cunningham, Drogheda.
Mr. Cartan, Pill-lane, Dublin.
Mr. Cooper, Shepton Mallet, Somersetshire.
Mr. MichaelCaragher.
Mr. James CsJely^ Newry.
John
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I^JBSCRIEERS' NAMES.
I>.
-^ Dunn, Esq. V. P. R. I. A.
Rev. W. S. Dickson. D. D. Kesuly. .
John Dawson, Esq. Newry.
Mr. J. A. Dransfield, Dundalk.
Mr. P. Deigban, Philomath, Dublin.
Mr. James Dickie.
Mr. Alexander Donaldson.
. ■ . .. F- ,
Right Hon. John Foster, Chancellor of the Exchequer/ 12
copies. ^
Sir Andrew Ferguson, Bart Londonderry.
Thomas Filgate, Esq. Cookstown.
William Foster, Esq. Proghodl^.
Mr* George Forsythe, Kilmacayit,
Mr. Bart. Flanagan, Drogheda.
Mr. John Flanagan, Ditto..
G.
George Gray, Esq. Grayn^onnt.
Patrick Gernon, Esq. Drogheda. '
Mr. William Gataker, Dundalk, 2 copies.
Mr, Hugh Gamble, Dublin.
Mr. R. H. Getty, Dundalk. '
Rev. Dr. Hunt, Secretary to the Duke of Bfedfbrd^ when
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
RcT. J. Hutton, Dublin.
John Hardy, Esq. Dromart,
Mr. John Hagan» jun. Newry.
Mr. Eilward HeaTy, Dundalk.
Mr. Peter J. Hoey, Drogheda.
Ho«. and Rev. Percy Jocelyn.
Jfon. John Jocelyn.
iieorge Jardine, Esq. Log. Prof. Glasgow University, 2'
copies,
Rer. James Knox, Londonderry, 2 copies.
Mr. James Kelly, Hainstown. ^ ..
Mr. William Kelly, Drogheda.
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SUBSGRIBIRS' NAMES.
Rev. Dr. Little, Loutfa.
Rer. A. Levios, Doaamore.
T. Lloyd, Esq. Ravensdale.
William Loftie, Esq. Tanderagee.
Library of Glasgow University,
Library of Greek Class, Ditto.
Mr. Michael Levins, Dregheda.
Mr. James Lowry, Ditto.
Mr. Richard Kelly, Dromard, Garrickmacross.
Mr. Patrick Keogh, Castle-Bellingham.
M.
Rev. Mr. M'Gin, Monaghan.
Rer. Mr. M'Donogh, Cregan.
Dr. M'Donoel, Belfast.
Henry Maxwell, Esq. Dundalk.
I'uraer Macan, Esq. Greenmount, 2 copie*.
Mr. Patrick M'Gilligan, Ncwry.
Mr. Owen M'Kone, jun, Kilcuriey.
Mr. Hugh M'Sherry, Dundalk.
Mr. James M'Math, Castleblaney,
Mr. John M'Collum, Dundalk.
Mr. Patrick M'Kenna, Drogheda.
Mr. John M'Gawly, Ditto.
Mr. Thomas M'CuUen, Ditto.
Mr, John M'Grath, Ditto.
Mr. Patrick Morgan, SalterVtown, CasUs-BellingJiaBi.
J. A. Neilson, M. D. Dundalk.
Mr. Patrick Norris, Drogheda.
O.
J. E. Ogle, Esq. Forkil.
O. Ogle, Esq. Newry.
M. O'Callaghan, Esq. Cooleville.
)Mr. Bcitiard O'Reilly, Drogheda.
John
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viil SUBSCRIBER? names;
P.
John Page, Esq. Dundalk.
Robert Page, Esq. Ditto.
Joseph Pollock, Esq. Newry.
Mr. John Philips, Castleblayney.
&rgeoaQuin^ 71st Regiment.
Miles Russel, Esq. Newry»
Mr. Patrick Reath, Glack.
Sir John Sinclair, Bart. 2 copies.
Br. Stokes, S. F. T. C. D.
Eev. H. S. Shields, L. L. D. Carnckmacios*,
Thomas Stott, Esq. Droknore.
Gilbert Starfurtb> Esq. Leed^. 2 copies.
Mr. John Stott, Dromore.
Mr. S. H. Sloane, Market-hiU.
T.
Eer. E. Thlackary, Dundalk, 2 copies.
Bev. P. Taylor, Dublin.
Rev. Robert Trail, Ballintoy.
Rer. Peter Tray nor.
Rev. G. Tinley, Dundalk. ^
Miss Tighe, Drogheda.
Mr. Owen Taggart, Newry.
Mr. Patrick Thornton, Dandalk.
Rer. James Wilson, P. T. C. D.
James Willis, Esq. Loughgall.
Blr. Patrick Ward, Dundalk.
Y.
John Young, Esq. L. Qw P. (Iniveorsity, Qhngo^,
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iu ...... . . . •■ • .
FREFACB,
That the Irish is the best preserved idi^^
lect of tlje ancient and extensive C^tiq*
language, is allowe<l by the* 'most Hberail^
and enligbtened antiquarians. To the ge-
neral schol^r^ therefore, a knowledge of it
is of great importance; as it wiU enable
him to trace the origin pf names and Cns^
toms, which be would s'eek in vain in any
other tongue. To the iuhabitant of Ife-
land it is doubly interesting': In tliis tetur
guiage are preserved the venerable annals
of our country, with as pittch fidelity,
as is usually found in the primitive rcr
cords of any nation; while the poetic and
rotnanlic competitions, with which tl|e Irish
liianuscripts abound, afib|*d the finest spe-
b " cimens*
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citnens, of elegant taste aflii hixuriant
imagination.
But it is, particularly, from the ahsdute
necessity of understanding this language, iii
order to conveiie * with the natives of a
great part of Ireland, that the study of it
is indispeu^ible. If Irish J3e 00 Im^r the
Iftnguage of the court, or the annate, yet
the pulpit and the bar require thp use of
it; ^^14 he. that would communicate moral
instruction, or inypstijate the claims of
justice, must be versed in the native tongue,
if he expects to be generally understood,
or ta succeed in his researches. In trayel- .
ling, ftud the common occurrences of agrir
culture atii rural traffic, a knowledge of
Irish is also absolutely necessary.
I4 has h^n i^id indeed that the use of
this language should be abolished, and
the English prevail universall3\ But withr
oi|t entering into th^ merits of thid posi-
tion, while the Iiish exists, 2iyiA must exist
fJQr many years to come, it is sureljr rea-
sonable and desirable, that every persoa
should be able to hol^ converse with his
countrymen;
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countrymai# ms well as to taste and ad«
mir^ the beauties of one of the uiost €x-
pressive, philosophically accuwite, andpo**
lished languages that has ever existed.
Some works have been published, to
guide the student of Celtic antiquity, in
his curious and interesting researches, into
the Irish tongue. General Vallancey, ia
particulw, has acquired well merited
^mcy by his very ing^ioup treatise!
on this subject. . Still, however, a gramr
mar, by which the learner might be
taught to crnnposcy as well as to analyze,
appeared to be wanted. That which i$
now offered to the public is an attempt to
supply this deficiency. How far the author
has succeeded, must be left to the dfetef-,
mination of those who are qualified to
judge., Of this, at least, he is conscious,
that no pains have been spared, to reiwier
it as complete as possible; and that no-
thing has been, knowingly, passed over,
that seen^ed of any importance. The syn-
tax, in particular, on which u|pst impor-
tant subject former gramnjiarians treated
b 2 v^y
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tkry s^^Mp has feeeti eliftndliW! lit \^
coiisfderable lefft^th; dnd, it % hd^fed^ iii
a tattohal htid satisJfkctfWjr tiiiafanen
TRe J>hfraseB arrd v^ialogu^s, in the s^ciyttd
pkrtj a^e tk]cii\iited for genfefral us^; ^tid
ttie dHyneSs of gmmm^trcal |:hfecef(ts Wffl
be rdreir^, By ^he fiiti/ple ^fid cfy^r^efctti
^ecimens of ftative inanitei^ itriA ^pier*-
ititi<>tt«, c6nUindd i^n the latter ^Akfd^e^
It Ifes be^«n fourid, by eS^pleriei^ce, that
ttiatriy ptersbtts, Who did not Hiktit fttto the
studj of the andient lahguage, haVe been
enab^d-, ^y leattilhg such "ph^krses and dia-
logues fts 'these, to 'begin aA iifttfrdourtfe
WilJh the naftives, irMch c6nt?Ml^d prac-
tice has bmtiglit to facility arid elegance
of conversation.
It was, at 'first, intended to itikke thfe
third pkrt very copious, and a large quan*
tity of inatter was prepared for that pur-
pose. But the two ft'st parts iiad swelled
the book to a'si^t so far beydnd what was
at first intended, t!bat the thhd Vas neces-
shi^ly i confined ^oti feSV' spccihi^Iis^. Should
Micse be favourably rdceiVed, a conside-
rable
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ntEFACB. ciii
rable iroliuae, of the same kind, will be
publisked, in a short time. In the mean time
the present volume contains all that is really
necessary for g^^neral use.
In the publication of an original work,
some typographical errors are almost im-
avoidable. Hi^ following is a list of the
most considerable : the rest, it is hopedU
will not occasion any difficulty to the
reader
ERRATA«
Page 24. line 3. /or gealacd, rwrf gealac.
— 32, — 21. Jhr na sagart, read na sagairt
— 28. for toe rot, read the rod.
— 33, — 3. for the note, read the nose.
— — — 4i.Jbr an seafac, read am tseafac.
— 68. — SO./or anndeannmePreai/andeanL
mc?
— 73. — 15. for am I not given ? read 0tm I
given ?
— 97. — 18. for cold night, read dark night.
— 112. — 35. /or leata, read Icatsa.
— 122. — 9, 10. for not your^ read not wear
your.
— 135. — 25.Jbrc3.irf read air.
PART SECOND*
— 3, — 28. yirmtig, read lm\i^.
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Am
JNTRODUCnOir
VO THB
IRISH L.ANOUAGJB.
PART FIRST.
■ —
jir 0niGINAS» AND CQmfMMHSmiVE GMAMMAM.
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:t * . C >*. tT Fi ^* ^
;r/. ;:i/i
V^t' V • • V H
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GRAMMAR
OF THE
IRISH LANGUAGE.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
In Irish there are seventeen letters, viz.
Sound, (1) Example
A I long, as a in bar^ bdn, white
3, short, as a in hatj tar, come thotf
B 1 as & in boj/y bean, a woman
C 1 before e or f, as A in Aiw^, ciall, sense
2 ^^^f fl, « 01- «, as c in j^^.^^ ^ ^^^^^^
D 1 thick, before a^ o or u^^
this sound is not found inSddn, a poem
EngUsh, (3) y
2 liquid, before e or i, as </ '>deannud, forget-
in guardian^ y foulness
E 1 long, as ea in great ^ se, ^iir
2 short, as e in /e;^, soillse, light
F 1 as y in yj^w, f dilte, weleome
G 1 bemre e or i, as ^ in getj gean, /ot7e
2 before a, o or u, ^ g in] ^;^^
I 1 long, as ie infeld^ rig, a king
2 diort, as i in j^/, niin, wiefl/
B L 1 single,.
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ORTHOGRAPHY.
Sound Example
L 1 single, as / in alcj mil, honey
2 double, this sound is not") i, .
found in English, (4) j"'^^' ^^"^
3 liquid, as / in ^QOiianty tuille, a blow
M 1 as jw in man, mo, 7wy
N 1 single, as win wow, duine, a W(iw
2 double, this sound is not 7 . l j
found in English. (5) jceann, a Aeac/
3 liquid, ais w in new, bainft*, milk
O 1 long, as in Twore, m6r, great
2 long and broad, as o in /or^ p6r, seed^
3 short, as o in not, gob, « Ae^A
P 1 as J5 in />ew,^ poll, a pit
R 1 this sound is not") . \.l ^
I . i:, V u^ /^\ ^crlon, withered
I m English, (6) 3 '
2 *as r in ^wr, barr, the top
S 1 this sound is not7 , ^ .
I in English, (7) r°^'^ ^-^*''
iS in shieldy iin, /Arf/
T 1 thick, before a, o, or w,^
this sound is not found > tart, Mir^^
in English, (8) ) . ' . \ ,
2 liquid, before ^ or ^V as; n.^ '
U 1 long, as u in truey tu, ///oi^
2 shorty as u in iw^, cumus, j&02i'(?r
N. B. H; as mo Irish word begins iradically
with this letter, it is considered only as a mavJk of
aspiration; and when affixed to. a GOiiSQnaiat, it is
denoted by a point placed over it; tlui9>
B, c, d, f, g, in, p, . s, . \ denote
bh, civ dh, fh, gh, mh, pl\ sh,. th; (9)
The letters ate classed as V follows:
o > broad vowels, (JO)
u> . <. -^ . ■ ...- . . .. , J :
jimall voivels, (10)
I)
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c
a
f
g ^capable of afipirat ion, ar'nmtables, (11)
P
s
t ^
n Mncapiible of aspiration, or ihipiijtablee. ^
r> . , .-. ..■■',• •:. ■ V . ■ -^ -.
- vowels! ""''-,
Aj 0,' and utTt called^ broad* V(ywiels, becaygfe
they Teqirire a hiatus, or wide opening of the
mouth, in ekpressing them; e and i are called
small, because they require a less opening of the
mouth. # ' ^\.
The poets, in latter ages, devised a rule, ' VhidH
prescribes that the vowel, Which goes l^&re '4
consonant, must be of the same class \ritH the
vowel which follows that consonant, i. e! both
broad, or both small. In obseiring this rule,
therefore, attention must be paid to the vowel
which follows the consonant; for, if it be broad,
while that which radically gt>es hefore the con-
sonant is small, or vice vei^sa, then the vowel
preceding the consonant must be left out^, and
anotlier substituted in its place, of the same class -
\(nth that following the consonant; or an adven-
titious vowel must be inserted, after the preceding
one, to agree with the subsequent; as, seasam,
not seisam, or seasim, I stand; buailim, not buai-
lahl, J beat; laiir, hartdy and g;cal, zcrkite, com-
pounded lairiigeal, riot laih^eal, white handed. ..
Although it is e\adent, fiom ancient manu-:
scripts, that this rule was unknown jn early times,
B 2 yet
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4 pRTHOGRA^HY,
yet it has been so universally observed in lattet
ages, that it is impossible to lay it aside entirely.
In many instances, it adds to the sweetness and
fulness of the sound; but, in others, Jt so com-
pletely destroys the radical form of words, that
no principle of grammar can justify a rigid ad-
herence to it.
MUTABLE CONSONANTS.
J5, c, rf, j^ gy m, py Sj /, are called mutable, be-
cause they can be aspirated, or mortified, i. e,
change or lose their sound, by tlie addition of h.
As the sounds of the mutable consonants, when
aspirated, differ materially from tliose which they
receive^ when simple; and a^ ^ peculiar dplicacy
pf pronunciation consists in expres^ng theip \yitU
propriety, it is necessary to pay s|;rict attentioji tQ
the following rules,
^h is sounded like v, at the beginning or en4
pf a word; as mo bas, my death; lib, with you.
But in the middle of a word, it is comippn^
isounded like Wy as, leabar, a book.
Chis always sounded like x in Greek, or ck in
Joch; as, mo cearin, my head.
Dh and gh, before or after a small vowel, like
y; as, nio dia, my god; mogiolla, my boy. 3nt
before or after a broad voweJ^ they have a very
weak guttural sound, somewhat stronger than that
of XV ; as, mo gut, 7ny voice; gra4, love; mag, (j^
jieldy (12)
Fh is entirely mute; as, an faifge, prpnoui^ce,
an airge, the sea.
Mh is sounded like b; as, snam, Rimming;
amuil, like.
Ph is sounded, as. in other languages^- Uke^ph IQ
philosopher; as, mo f)diste, my child.
Shy and /A, are sounded as h alone; as, mo sitil,
my eye; mo tig, my house. But s," before /, i?,
or
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ORTHOGRAPHT. 5
or r, IS entirely mute; as, mo sldinte, my heattk;
mo snua'd, tpy countenance ; mo ^roq, my nose,
IMMUTABLE CONSONANTS.
Z, w, r, are called immutable, because they
aever chaage, or lose their sound, by the addition
of h. JBut they alone can be doubled in the mid-
41e, or at the end of words; as, barr, a top;
ceannaigim, to buy.
It is to be observed, that dl and /w, in the mid-»
dXp of words, are sounded like //; as, codlad,
sleep; colna, Jiesh^ pronounce collad, coUa; and
ftn like pn; as, ceadpai the samcy pronoiince
ceanna.,
DIPHTHONGS.
There are thirteen diphthongs; viz.
Sound Example
ae long, as ai in painj lac, of a day
ai long and distinct, c4in, a fine
short, as i in fight, malt, good
ao long, nearly as.oo in fiool, maol, hold
ea long, as ea in bear^
short, as ea in heart,
e} long, as ei in reigns
short, as e in Jerrys
po long, as otsp in ^hmvl^
3hQrt, as in shocky
eu long, as a in fare,
isk long, as ea in deary
\o long, as ie in c(fs/nery
short, as io in fashion^
iu long, as e^ in y wwe,
sljort, "as i in ^AiW,
oi long, force on the o,
l&hort, force on the i,
ua Ipng, distinct,
m^ar, a finger
ceart, just
d^irc, charity
geir, tallow
$e61, ^ ^ai/
<|eoch, a fl^m*
feur, ^raj?^
f^iall, sense
fion, wwe
biolar, »;^?er cresses
ciunas, quietness
flinch, t«'e^
c6ir, right
coir, a crime
^ual, coal
Sound
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6 Oii^H^G«,Al>HY.
' Sound ' Example ^ ;
ui long, force on tlic u, sdil, an tyt
short, force on the i, fuil, blood
TRIPHTHONGS.
There sire iive triphthongs, which are alwaytj
long.; vir.
, Sp^nd Ex^^Bipl^
aoi
nearly as K'e, maoin, trta^iin^
eoi
' fojTce on <?, feqil, j^e^^
i4i-
fore? on both the i's,, jiaig, a physician
iui
fprce on the w, ciuin, gentle
iiai
di&tiact, cruaitj, hard
ECLIPSIS.
In the inflexion and combination of words, cer-
tain consonants aJ'efrequently prefixed to; others,
with which they rannot be sounded; and the ad-
ventitious coiBonant is then said to eclipse the
radical one; viz.- 6, jC, d^f, g, m, j&, ^, t^ when be-,
ginning a wwd, and followed by a voz&el, or by /
or r; as $hp s, followed by n, may be eclipsed
thus: .
EXAMPLES.
b
c
d
f
S
o
.a
m, ar mbaile, owr fozx^w
g^ ar gceart, owr n^A^
% ar ndia, owr G(?<^
b, ar Bfearran, our land
«, ar ngearan, our complaint
b, ar bp^in, our punishment
^ f .a tj an tslat, /Ae rorf
/ J L^, ar dteine, our fire
In pronouncing these eclipses, the first conso-
nant only is sounded; as, ar maile, ar geart, &c.
Except ng in which both letters are uttered, with
a strong guttural expression.
Instead
Digitized by VjOOQIC
OR'BHOORAPHX* 1:
} Initaicl 'of bf, the tock&ts tVfcquently wrote /i;.
afl^ ar ffearraii^ tmr /afW; . cc^ , instead of gc;,si^^
ar cceart, our right; and tt, instead of dt; aa,
artteiae, our Jirt; and these word^ are pronoikti-
oed in the same manner,, as if written ar Meajm^i
ar gceart, and ar dteine-
. ACCENT,, ■
An accent is placed over such voxels and diph*^
thongs, aSf are naturally either Iq^g or short, when
they are to be pronounced long ; as, ihac, a son,
short; b^ ^deathy long; fios, knotvledgCy short;
cios, rent, long.
Monosyllables eliding in a, e, f, w, being €om-
monly long, require no. accent over tb^tn'; as, laj
a day, tu, thou. /
In words of two or more sj^llables, the accent
commonly falls on the first syllable; as, dei^ioriac,
last, mticaini, ./o kvtinguish. / ,
obsehtations. - - '
In residing Irish,' every letter, e^ccept 'f and k
before I ox r must be sounded. . But^dome of the
aspirated consonant^ are so slightly ^expressed as to
be almost impenceptible; the reason of wlnqh is as
follows.
According to^ the principle of the language, no
number of vowels, meeting in a word, forUis more
than one syllable^ . ^
The poetsv however, frequently wanting to
lengthen wordis, by- laultiplying their syllables,
devised the metiiod of throwing in an adventitioi^s
consonant, getterally/d or g, to divide two vowejs
into two syttabl«3; ^toils, tiarna, a lord, whiph
consists of only 1^ two ->syllables, is divided into tii-
gearna, of -three ^yUahLes. .v
Now, as this masnner of spelling wa^ unknown
in earlier ages, ^Ae.^ piimitive pronundatiori is stili
;//:> SO
Digitized by VjOOQIC
8
ORTHOGRAPHY.
80 far retained, that the adventitious letters are
passed over, witli an almost imperceptible flexion
of the voice.
In like manner 'd and g, which, always in tije
beginning of words, and frequently in the micUle,
have a clear and strong sound, are very commonly
used at the end, merely to give a fuller vowel
cadence to the termination; as, neartugad, to
strengthen, jig, a king.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL TABLES.
Familiar words
Aspirated consonants.
Mo mac, my son
mo hksy my death
ro Beag, very small
an bean, the woman
mo beul, my mouth
mo bonp, my sole
mo iheall, my knob
mo riiian, my desire
mo biad, my meat
an mias, th^^dish
cn^iih, a bone
sliab, a mountain
naoih, a saint
neadi, heaven
dub, black
deilb, a form
sg^iih, beauty
uaim. a grave
tarb, a bull
daih, an ox
cnurii, a worm
onob, a maggot
mo dia, my God
nio corp, my body
fdid, a prophet
of one syllable,
criad, clay
fuact, cold
tuaid, *north
fliuc, wet
drfuct, dew
liaig, a physician
noct, mght
mo ceann, my head
mo sdil, my eye
mo cos, my foot
mo sr6n, my nose
ruad, reddish
uct, the breast
grad, love
fiad, deer
deoc, a rfrmi
lact, milk
mead, Meath
nuad, ;id7<;
mag^, afield
beac, /I Aee
fiac, a crew
eac, a horse
crod, a portion
seact, ^e«?e^ , ,
oil, eight :
deic,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ORtHOGHA^ftlr.
deic, ten
Aod, Hugh
Tadg, Teague.
caoid, weeping
geod, a goose
lam *deas, the right hand
lam cli, the left hand
crit, shaking
trdt, time
meit, fat
feit, fl sinew ,
gut, voice
dat, color
fiiat, hatred
mo tir, W2y country
luai't, d^Ae^
sit, fl yiz /ry
mo seol, ;wy sail
mo slias, mi/ thigh
mo snuad, my countenance
Long Diphthongs.
Gloir, glori/
str6ic, a slice
m6in, turf
reult, flj 5/«r
meur, ajinger
deur, fl /eflrr
feur, graiss
geug, a branch
grian, ^Ae ^wn
siar, 0765^
cliar, clergy
pian, pflfiw
ciall, sense
6ad, jealousy
c^ard, a trade
c6ad, a hundred
smuid, sm^oke .
gndis, n countenance
sdil, flw eye
drdis, lechery
cuig, ^t;€
sion, weather
cior^ ^ C(?w5
f lor, /rwe
f ion, wine
siol„ *eerf
cios, re/i^
miol, a louse
saor, yree
caol, small
taob, a ^i^e
taom, a Jit
sraod, sneezing
caor, tf ^Aecp
taos, * dough
blaosg, a husk
laog, flf ca^
lae, of a day
c6ir, a?<w
f(6il, a vifi-i/
f(6in, self
r^id, reflj^
c6im, a degree
fuar, coW
cluas, ear
gruag, hair
fual, e^ri/^tf
uan, a lamb
cuan, fl ioy
cm^c,, a rick
cuac, a cuckqo
cuag, a dlezse;
•fdil, a ring
srdid, a street
idr,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
idr, an 'yeof tree
idl, July
fid, worih
siiir, a sister
tidg, thick
aB^rHoeaAPRY*
Short Diphthongs.
Oir, east
sdoirm, storm
troig, a foot
loit, a wound
broid, « ^(^^fif
coin, a xvood
cloi'd, fl( hedge
toit, smoke '
6isg, aw ea;€L
teas, Ae^^
deas, south
fear, a twatw
ceann, a head,
sean, o/rf
geal, white
breac, speckled
gean, /ot?e
fearg, ez/^^^r
dearg, rerf
leact, a tomb
beann, a high top
speal, a scythe
peann, a pen -^
cearc, a hen
cead, f.rst
treas, Mirrf
fuil, blood
cuirp, of a body
cuirm, a feast
cuid, apart
muir, flj ^eflj
sioc, yr(?5/
smior, marrcm
fios, knowledge
crios, ^a girdle
fionn, ^oir
bior, dJ ^/>?V
leis, a?i/A Am.
c^s, ^1 ^oty
ceist, a question^
sail, « ieam
staid, a state
sailm, a psalm
cailc, cAflj/Jt
cairt, jtwfper
straif, white thorn
cait, o/* flj cat
slait, o/* a rorf
Triphthongs.
caoin, yjine
aois, iflg-e
maoil, bald
naoi, wz;2e
aoi, an island
ioib, courteous,
fec^il, ^CijA
stiiiir, fl rudder
ciuin, gentle
cuairt, a t;m/
uair, an hour
fuaim, a sound
uaim, a cave
duais, a reward
luait, ^j&eerf
liaig, a physician
Digitized by
Google
aiJ-l'MOOHAPHY,
11
c, gy w, aand * before n.
Gnef ^ kind
cno, a nut
mna, of a woman
do mnaoi, to a woman
tniity envy
cnap, a kmh
CHOC, tflt hill
cnob, df intitgg^
cndib, Aemp
cnaoi, /; em^trnpiion
cnea'd, a wound
gniorii, an act
gt^y business
gnfun, a notth
Promiscuous.
mi,'^ amMtk
lar, middle
gorrii, ^/mc
an tsiiil, Md eye
a Ham, her hnnd
druiin, the back
na gees, o/* f/re feet
a cosg, fo restrain
gul, weeping
truag, jj^eVjr
fuirm, /br^^
toil, a^V//
ddil, expectntioti
sgian, e« Arwi/fe
l^eoir, A^er
leaBiB, ^/^
d6irc, n/iw^
s<iist, aJlaU
cuing, a yoke
st6i]^ ii $tor€
slinn, ez ^/a/^
builg, bellows
gtrttl, «JfWar/
Idb, a link
scuab, df ^roow*
fiad, venison ''
luc, etimoM^e
Itts, flf;i Aer^
doiin, br&pon
spr6, d^ portion
aon, owe
tirm, rfry
bo^ a cow
pldr, ^oar
bfuil tu? are ytti
raib me, fwasi ,
ainm, <i ndmit
beid me, 7tt?f/]f id
lorjg, a trdce
glas, gre<?n
cranH, a tret
fdg, /eat?e
sin, fA<j?f
siad, they
ruinn^ ^^ division
chum, to vi^«^
a ngdr, we^r
abfad^ far
gB^tg.Jerce
faoi, 2«>?rf(?/*
suas, up
sios, rfotj'n
suid, sit
2 ' - K^lg,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
IS
16if, read
a dul, to go
(JftTHaOJlAPHY,
linn^ with m
lib, with you
R.iniliar words of two syllables- .
Aspirated con&pnante..
Seat-air, God ,, ,
^t'divy jfather
^ maig-dean, . a mai^
Tbeat-a, /j/e, , ,^
flait-eas, heavefi, <..
diab-al, devU^, ,^
tal^am, eartH ' , j :
aid-er, air .^ ' .
geal-ac, moon
sneac-ta, snow.,,
toin-ead, thaw . \
toim-ead, thunder ,
\2iit't,^ days ., ,.
oidc-e, ;2i^Af ^
an-iug, fo ^ .
m^r-ac, morfow^,
noirr-'tior, ajttrmorrono
seacd-main, a xveek -
bliad-ain, a year
r^it-e, quarter of year
meod-on, middle
sat-aini, Saturday
doih-nac,- Sunday
t gion-bair, January ,
nod-log, Ckristmas^
sam-rad, summer
fog-mair, harvest
geim-read, winter
buac-aill, a boy
naoid-ean, a child
fat-ac, a giant
ab-ac, a dwarf
fear-dact, manhood . ,
bat-ais, crown of the heixji
ag-aid, ike face
fab-rad, eyelids
rad-arc, .^fg/2^ ;
am-arc, look ,
sgorn-ae, tfyrofit^ . ;
broU-ac, bfya:^t
corr-m^ar, forefnge^^
dub-ain, kidney j , ,
uac-tar, instep
reailr-ar, f^tt '
in-cinxi, br^m
sgarii-og, lungs
dub-liat> spie^u
fait-ne, a wart
fiab-ras, a fever : -
cri't-eac, ague .
tact-ad, strangling'
cnt-^Cy furious
lob-rad, leprosy
claim-e, itch
marb-ac^ deadly
srot-iFa, sneezing
bruct-ac, belching
codl-ad^ sleeping
com-rad, conversation
^isd-eac\ hearing
ciall-aig, sensible
beod-act, briskness
meob-air, memory
' '^ ~" recollection
meaib-all.
cuim-ne.
Cca,*^^ /^W 4^^^
M^.
V'"^?
Digitized by VjOOQ IC"
KWWiPCijtAPfnr.
IS
doK-r6n, ^orrqw
^oib-peas, pleasure .
aih-ras, doubt .
truaig-e, pity, ,
cloi'dTeam, a^ofd
brag-ad, a nock .:
de6r-ad, ^ strarfger -
cuir-ead, afea^
gream-Qg, cru^t
laib-in, leav^u
blat-ac, buttervtiUf
gab-aj, a fork
bid-}9| a screuu)
cat^aif, ^ city^
ball-aid, fMf^^
marg-ad, a manket
breat ain, ajudge^
long-f^rt, qgurrmn
cab-lac, ^ a jf?e^?.
com-fad, ^ (¥>^^ i- :
torr-am, a laal^e. , ^
- muUrac, a:hiU — (^/^
fisrac, a wilderness . »
fas-coil^ ayfiung gr^e
eit>rig, a furrow
clodtfds, (j^ qUfick Jhfidge \
dtini6inr'fear, uf^eadQti^
bot-an, a Tint
tuat-ac, clm^ish
toir-eam, a ploughmen
bod-ac, a cUwfi
laig-e, a spade
rab-an, a spff4^
arb-ar, corn,^
cruit-neact, whedt^
tuib-e, strata
droig-ean, a thorn
eac-rancL a bramble
W^x^^,
4.—
aoil-ioc, 9ung
gabra, \a smith
conn-lac, stubble
geam-arv a blade jof cortt
fei't-leog, \aJiusk
foir-rgneam, a building
tair-rseac, a threshold
adtipad, timber ,•
taobran, a rafter ,
gain-earn, .tf^nif
teagJac, a family
cat-aoir, a, chair
soig-teac, a vessel
ciiab-an, a basket
teall-ac, a hearth
conn-ad, a faggot
bros-na, fremood '.
criat?ar, sietfe
leab-ar, a book .<
marb-an, a margin
ab-lann, a xvqfer
sgrib-in, zoriting
fog-ar, a vowel
leig-ean, a lesion
fiad-ain, a>iW ^ .
brom-ac, a colt .
searr-ac, a foal
l^om-an, a lion ,
gad-ar, a hound
gab-air, a^oat
beit-ir, q hear
Bi-sig, leap-year
tois-eac, beginni)ig
bris-ead, breaking
fair-singy wide
/lil;e sh Ei^glish,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
1^
iSSTiroo&^rQT.
snaois-m.
<2 jir
A(NrM
seis-reac,
plough
Qtr^neis^ fumviur€
. trifl-sean, mlmnp
seaiHrrog, isfe&ir
seaivda^ oMient
-^seas-am, standing
sinn-e, m^rsd'oes
siB-se, yourjnilv^
sim-Ieoid, ackimneg
clor-uis, of a door
Short Diphthongs.
Spior-iidy tf spirit
nad-uir, nature
s^aing-eal, an€ingd
it-rionn, kell
tt\xi'% jftte
uisg-e, watep '
soill-se, light
aim-sir, time
tuil-e, a flood
maid-in, morning
earr-ac, spring
+ duin-e, a mmi'^/^^'^^*^
^ caill-eac, un old U'oman
cail-in, a girl
muiii-ealjL a neek
uill-ean, an elbmi>
ios^-ad, a ham
croic-eann, skin
cuisJe, a tein
bain-ne, milk
giorr-a, shorter
buill-e, a blom
brion^-lad, a dre^m
ais-ling, a vision^
iom-car> BMrriagt
tuig-se, understanding
dear-mwd, forgetfntnes$
beat-a, life
b(it*ais, a boot
suip-ear^ supper
buil-in, a loaf
air-gi<H4^ sitv^
geat-a, agat^:
cuinn-e, &corni&r
bail-e, a tdt^n
eag-lais, a church
sean-moir, ttscfmon
tiom-na, a testament
sgriop-tuir, scripture
easp-^g, a bishop
seag-ul, rt/e
coirc-e, oats '
muill-«5eoir, h miiltr
muill-ion, a mill
se(fm-ra, a chamber
leab-a, abed
fuinn-eog, ai^indem
muinn-tir, people
coinn-eal, a candle
coinn-Ieoir, a candlestick
sitn-teoid, ai
grios-ai, ambers,
Ids-air, burning
duill-eog, ak^
geaiT^an, a hwse
cuil-ean, a fshelp^^
mad-uid, a dog
coin-in, a rabbit
mionn-an, a kid
Long Pi^hthongs.
Cr6at-Hr, acrarture
fairs
7 V7
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ORTHOCJtXFElr^
15
luid^e, lying
p&isd-*e^ a child
ujig-e, youth
siiil^, eyes
fiac^ail, a tooth
piob-an, a pipe
gual^a, a ihotUder
p6ir-e, pQre$
^laod-an, a cough
gluas-acd, gesture
griiam^acd, ugliness
r^as-un, reason
c6ad-fa, sense
crionn-a, wise
ndir-e, shame
r single.
Criosd-^ Christ
breit-earii, a judge
brios-og- a witch
crhi-riii61, a wood house
crfon-lacd, touchwood
greid*eal, a griddle
grinn-iol, bottom of the
sea
gr6in-e, of the sun
griost-a, moved
dy ly n and t^ liquid.
D6is-ceart, south point
a-n6, yesterday
slias-ad, a thigh
tinn-eas, uekne$s
diud-^n, giddiness
nisc-oidy a Iml
slaint-e, health
int-inn, understanding
brist-ig, breeches
fiU-ead, a fillet '
brais-l^d, a bracelet
•bruit-e, boiled
tinn-teaiv a hearth
cais-lean, a castle
fuint-e, kneaded
lit-ir, a letter
maist-in, a mastiff
neaih^on, a diamond
neart-mar, strong
ndih-ni, nothing
nig-im, to wash
tiar-na, a lord
tim-cioU, about
d and t thick; / and n
doubld
Daoin-e, men
cead-aoin, Wedntsday
mdrt-a, rnarch
trosg-ad, fasting
ord-og, a thumb
dom-bl^^, gall
grand-a, ugly
tdn-a, lean
ball-a, a wall
dan-act, boldness
toc-as, itch
^ad-ac, a robe
8ud-(%, a cake
ceall-port,
oTgitized^ Google
16
QRTHiOeBAlFHYj
ccall-port^ a^ee - ^ -
sag-art, prieMi .
tob-ar, a fountain
laid-ir, stmng
punn-an, a sheaf
taiing-e,. a nail-
dor-as, a door
fal-arb, empty
lan-a, a lane
lam-raiiny a handstaff
lat-ac, mire
Eclipses,
ax mbrat-^air, our brother
ar mbol-an, '4mr bulldck
ar gcai t-reim, our triumph
ar ndan-act, our boldness
•ar Bfear-ann, our ground
ar ngaird-in, our garden
ar ngeib-ioll, oUr chains
'dx n^mA'tj our prayer
ar bpios-a, our piece -
don tsim-leoid, to the
chimney
don ts\\j[3iS'2Ld,tothe^k&cet
SLY dtiarn-a, our lord
ar gcoinn-eal, our candle
ar bpob-al, our people
ar dtein-e, our jire
arndiad-act, our godliness
Familiar words of three syllables.
Aspirates nearly quiescent
Crut-ug-ad, proof
neart-ug-ad. to strengthen
slan-aig-teoir, savior
cru't-aig-teoir, creator
parr-at-as, paradise
tig-ear-na, a lord
beann-aig-te, blessed
-^ siorr-tufg-eact, eternity
cod-lat-ac, drowsiness
c^ill-id-e, sensible
muin-ig-in, confidence
marc-uig-eact, riding
stoc-aid-e, stockings
uar-fair-e, a watch
og-ast-oir, an host
riag-luig-eoir, a ruler
ad-lac-ad, burying
tr6ad-uig-e, a shepherd
sub-ailc-e, virtue
meas-arg^acd, temperance
mall-uig-'te, cursed
gad-uig-e, a thief
ceard-uig-e, a tradesman
foirg-nit-eoir, a builder
tuis-mig-teoir, a parent
corh-ar-sain, a neighbour
ceann-aig-im, / buy
foill-sig-te, published
dall-ruig-te, bli7id
an-trat-ac, untimely
sas-uig-te, satisfed
coig-lig-im, I accompany
Strong aspiiates.
Dorc-a-das, darkness
st^ic-cac-a, entrails
t nOjl. , U^vcC^X^^vW^ CL^^^^ X\i^ACX , Cc^^yAA^.
f
/-
^^a
/
ion-at-ar,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
»B3ifOOfr4IWfrt.
If
ion-at-w, bmek
an-bfamn-^y Jainiiftg
am-ui4-ej^ctj /<}%,
oil-eam-ifi% food . '
miontgeartna^^ ntm^d\
ga)>-alt-us, isrykr^
brap'ad-oir, am^kftr
mac-aif-e, a field
ciad'CO'^ai^ centipede
leat-dg-b^, seie fi^k
fm-eam-uin,a viwe
buiS-eac-as, gratitudt
d<in-iharb-a<l, /«w^
slaughter
striop-ac-as, fornication
ban-og-lac,^»Wi«f^rtfirn^
loic-ead-oir, a cTiandlen
sean-ihat-air, a gMnd
mother , .^
lan-am*uin, a couple,
riaoi-dean-an, a child
• nua-posd-a, new marriedl^
bain-cliam-uin, a rftofh^
in-law
bain-trcab-ac, a wid^
priom-a*db-ar, the fir^
cause '^yr
a-bfoc-air, along fmt^;
a-c6il-e, togethput .^
a-coid-ce, Jbr evep
boirb-briat-rac, fierce
spoken
bar-am-uily opiniofk
beact-uig^ poUtc
C^dtet|tBr^i)>\A^0'^' '
craad-cr^jd^ad, -A«p4:h
h€tn'ffd : ;rh
cruad-al-^jc, crUel -Vi
ddn-ay'A-k, bold, _: ; - ,. ?i
druii-^a^iruit /^d^i^iftf
dic^idf-acy, t^i%OT^ / m
dut-racft-aicv' cigrefuls t
neam-najr-ea6, shamdess
mhrK^irl^ €ivi^ ■>. ;-• -
iji'^
Promtsdutnifi.
Dam-an^a^ damnedi :
caiii-cos-ac, A^wrfj^ lagged
jsUdr^r^ei ^. ^rcfiiej
speac -lair-id, spectacles
,fia*.5^il|-f^.. ai^S^'^;,; I
^isV(lic8Liac,i,« kit^ttCJi
jais-cfriMgrad,* a irensla-
^df^-cu^-a;; <rjZe<ij,
jcUrd^I-fiivfl; ite^A?;
tgeafT-adT^liirt,.*!,
ttll-95kb-d#a,^ i(f?/i - <J?i><
^asajran-by^jaKl^ A hip^prey
«s^aiii»-i^gra|^ [forf^^
\43^T^^m^ti richness
cdii-sat-ad, a/^i?^rtf!i^' qeanfih<i4B-H% A^^lifroii^
:CilH^|UJ^pa^/<Hr^>(»ll^
irt^, JSi^.fr;4^tkie^/^.x^ ^iStM.^^*'^ cros-ant-a, ^:^^i^
/
Digitized by VjOOQIC
\B
6%r^ooiiA^mr.
cros-ant*a, peecisk ^
dio^-alt-ac, vindictive
d4B-4ct-ac, bold
doi-'d6antra9 di^cult
flr-in-iaG, true
fon-dcl-ac, jeering
leir^ibeasd-a, considerate
xnuin-m-eac, confident
tua't^all-ac, rtt*^
leas^'t-air, a stepfather
leas^ing-ean, astepdaugh-
'. -rtr-
cuid-eacd-a, a companion
bean-osd-a^ a lanlady
Feid-lim-e, Felix
]?aft-al-an, Bartholemetv mot-M^'-zA, f^^l^VS
Maoi4eac-luinii, Lough-
tin ^Jl^ticLciAJ — ^
bar-unt-act, a barony
/.
CeilUmaii-4ain, fVtekfdw
CcBA'^^hCy Carlow
Loc-gann-ann, Wexford
Bail-eat-cliat, Dttbliri *
Pwt-Mlrg-e, tVat<irf6rd
maig-is^t-ir, a master
nmig-ist-feas, d mistress
iom-air-e, a ridge
caib-id-il, a chapter '
soc-raid-e, a burial
ceap-air-e, a buttercake
sai^-itt-e6iry a soldier
bunn-air-e, a footman
car-aig-in, a can
ur-slug-am, to vomit
seaib*ug-ad, possession
gniom-ar-a, actions
toil-eaih-dil, toilful
Familiar words of four syllables.
Tlafit-carr-tig-ad, art earthquake
4d-uat-maiF-eact, al^omination
ain-meas-ar-<Ia, intemperate '
^ird-int-innreac, high minded
at-arr-ug-ad, rfjjj^ereswce
at-siiig-ug-kd, second proof
bliad-an-am*iiil, \ycflr/y
bi^hn-ud-as-ac, authentic
cait-rfim-iug-ad, to\triunipk
coiih-cig-ml-iin, to force
c5^iii-nteTt-uig-*te, cb7j/?rmerf
c<5iii-eTuiiin*ii^-ad, congregation
ixHh-g6ird-tii^-rad, t^ congratulate
d^uiB-^-aii^aid, depths'
^f-eaot-aiii-uil, effectual
id-ir*teang-t6r, an interpreter '
scar-bfog^rit-uid, ^^ert?tf«^ -^
>*; - iaid->€ad-oir-'eaet,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
J
ORTHOa^BAPHY. 19
feid-cad-oir-eact, prophecy
in-me6d-on-ac, internal
iom-ad-uig-iiQ, to multiply -
iom-airg-w-eacd, decency
coiiii-neart-ug-a<J, confirmation^
mi-riag-alt-^a, unruly
H)6ir-iiiean-am*na€, magnammous
neam-baog-al-ac, secure
iieaifa-tab«*act-ac, Unprofitable (14)
j> 8 irTYMOLOe^Y.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
m
The Irish taaguagQ has mAy one artiele, eoi'res-
ponding to the definite article in English; viz.
Wurai
Mas. and Fem.
Noni* na, the '
Gen. na, of the
Dat. dona, to the
Ace. na, the ^
Voc.
^leis na, mth the
Abl y ^ "^^ from the
' J air na, on the
V.annsna, in the{ 15)
SingliW
Mas. Fem. ^
Nom. an, an, the
an, na, of the
don,' don, to the
an, an, the
Gen,
Dat
Ace.
Voc.
i>l.
['leis-an, with the
the
on the
in the
NOUN.
GENERAL RUIZES
GENDER.
Names of men and males, arc masculine ; as,
Aod, Hugh ; laoc, an hero ; eac, an horse.
Diminutives , in an, can, in, en ^ derivatives in
aide, aid, aire, eoir, ac, or ; and abstract substan-
tives ill as, and eas, are commonly masculine; as,
€nocan, an hillock; tineas, sickness; sionnac, a Jot.
Names of women and females, are feminine ; as,
Maire, Mary ; siur, sister.
Names of countries and rivers; diminutiveii in
eg, and eog; and abstract substantives, except
liio^e iji. ^, and eas, are feminine ; as, Eirin, /re-
Ignd; gile, whiteness; duileog, a little leaf. (16)'.
CASE.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
sBTTlIOLOGtf.
Hi
, CAPC.
The noro^ative wd s^cusative %xft ^MTfty*
111 fonBii ; f^4 oply dUtinguished hy thek coft^
p^ctipa wit^ $on;ie other words in t)^ sen^nce, <
The dative and abls^tive are always alike ii^ tcirm ;
and only dis^ii^gu^sl^^ ^y ^he aiticle, 9f ^ep|(^
tiQ^s pfefi^Cied 4;a tli^em : ^n the plural, tl^ ^w^^
end in iB.
T^i,e iicflj^iiV^e ^n^ vocative femini^^ a^ 9Zw^y»
alike. ^
The genitive ^n<^ vocative masculMie, v* alw^iy^r
alike. (17)
D£CLBNSION. (18)
- Nouns of ^he first declension ha,ve, ^b? ge^^tiyc
and vocative singular, and the nominative plural
alike.
The inflexion, of the genitive is fonaped, by
adding a $mall vowel tp the broad one,^ in the ter-
mination of t^ notiiiniitive ; or, by changing the
broad vowel or diphthong of the nominative intu
a small one ; as.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat
Ace.
Voc.
ifbl.
Singujp.r^
ball, a spot
baill, 0^' c^spot
do ball, to a spot
ball, a spol
a baiU, ospnt ,
le bail> wkh.aaf^t
Nomi. baill, spots '
Geiif bajl, of spots
Dat. do ballaib, to spots
Ace. baill, spot^
Voc. a baUa^ tfkjTjitfto
Abk leb^laitt^tri/A^^^
In thk manner dteline
bonn, a sole
Conn, a man's natnt
%;in, a tune
.dall, a blind mafi
corp, a body
torp, a sod
^orc,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
2»
feTYMOLCM^X.
Core, apropername
cat^ a cat
sac^ a sack
stoc, a trutnpet
broc, a badger
boc, flf Ae ^oa^
cnoc, a hill
call, Atz^e/
poll, a pit
cbmn, a goblet
dornn, a^st
crann, a tree
rann^ a divman
gob, a bill
sop, a wisp
skd, « robbery
ore, a young pig
tore, fl wild boar
port^ /I fw«e
gort, a garden
Singular
Nom. fear, « man
Gen. fir, o/* ii man
Dat d* fear, f o a man
'Ace. fear, /z man
Voc. a 'fir, o^w^rn
AbL le fear, with a man
bolg,
Ci)lg,
flj sword
folt, Aifl?/r o/! M^ head
beul, /I mouth ^
sg^ul, a\sfory, pi. sg^il,
and sgcula, and sgeul-
reur, grass
me'iir, a finger^ pi. m^ir
and m^ara
^an, abirdy pi. ^in and
^anlaig
16an distress '
uan, a /tfm^
cuan, a harbour y pi. euain
and cuantaig
luan, the moon
siian, 6/eep
gual, pit'COdl
Tual, t/me
Plural
Nom. fir, men
Gen. fear, of men
Dat. d' fearaiB, to men
Ace. fir, wen
Voc. a feara, p men
AbL lefearaib, with men
mac, a^cm
ceann, a head
peann, apen^ pL pinnand
peanna
In tbis manner decline
lear, the sea
breacj a trout
nead| a nest
Singular
DJgiti
ized by Google
BTYiAoiJatff.
^
Singular
Ntihi. Asal, an ass • -
Gen. asail, of a4 a* '
d' asal, to an ass
asal, an ass
k asail, o ass
le asalj with art ass
^Dat
Ace.
Voc.
Abl.
Plurar
Note. aSiil, usses ■ '<^
Oen. a^l, of asses
Dat 4! asaVb, ^o asses
Acc- asail, ^^^^
Vofr. a asala, o to^e*
Abl ieasalaibym/A^^tf^
la this mahner decline
qasan, a path
lasan, anger
cuaran, a shoe
fuaran, a fountain
iiilean, an inland
cuilean, a whelp
4onas, happiness
donas, misfortune
Singular
Jf om. broniap, a colt
Gen. bromaig, of a colt
40 tironiac, to a
colt
bromac, a colt
a bromaig, colt
le bromac, with a
colt
Dat
,Acc.
Voc.
s61as, (^pn^ort
diomus, p)nde
SeamuS, James
doras, a door
sgadan, a herring
biadan, a salmon
foras, knowledge
.Plural
Nom. bromaige, coUs •
Ge^ bromac, of colts
Dat. do bromacaib, to
colts
Acc. bromaige, colts
Voc. a bromaca, colts
AW. le bromacaib, with
colts
In this manner dcdine
j^ullac, a bpar
sionnac, aJo.v
searrac, ajoal
gliomac, a lobHer
fea'dmanac, a steward
idligteamnac, a lawyer
biotarimac, a thief
coileac, gen. coilig, ^cocA
The sedond dcQlension. Fi^mimnes.
The genitive singular has a small increase.
The dative a small inflexion.
trh^. vocative is like the nominative.
T^e nominative plural has a broad increase.
*"''"■ Singular
Digitized by VjOOQIC
j^jmei/sfiif.
Nom. geaUfcc, iftflk7iqio :
Gen. V gealaif e,:f^;^ m^(^
Ace*; gealae; if 9)10^11 .
AbL le gealaig, wi/A a
Nom. gealacad^ f}»7m#
G&^i g«2Aac% ^ 9»<^i:^
Dftt. , do g^l^caib^ fm
Ace. gealaead^ moons^/
Vop. dgealaca<])0 972i^daif
AbL le gealacaib^ with
Woons
In this" i&anner decline
biorac, # h^ffer^ getf.
birige
colpac;^ 4 ke^er ^
girseac^ a wench^ gien.
girsig^
bairseac, a brawler^ gen.
bdirsige
stripac, a whore
^ cailleac^ .^^ Adig'y^ gei>. cstilr
Ijge
meirdrejtfc, 4a» harlot^ geite.
meirdrige*
Siti^iilir • . .
Gerr. trtoHoftfe, o/^re)W-
Dat. dotriobltnd, totrou^
hk
Ac^. tfiofefoid!, trou^k
"^ot- at'triobl6id,o^0tt-
AbL le triobloid, with
trouhk
Plmal
Nom. .trioHoideaSa, mu^,
KJefn. triobloid, if'troU-
bks
Dat. db tribbloidiB, /t>
trozcbks
^Acc. triobfoideaU^ frtM/^
bks
Voc. a triobloidead, o
troubks
AbL le triobloidiB; a?i/i
troubks'
In tliis' malnner decline
Trionoid, Trinity
casbloid, absolution
consboid, a di^tait
neascoid, a boil
bocoid', a specie
Singular
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOtOGlSk
Q3
Singular,
Noin. sgolog^ a farmer
Gen. sgojoige, of afar-
mer
Dat. do sgeloig^ to U
farmer
Ace* sgolog, a farmer
Voc. a sgolog, farmer
^bl. te sgoloig, xvith a
f^piner
' : . ■' Plural.
Nom. sgologaid, farmers
Gen. sgolog, (>ffamrerjf
Dat. do sgolbgaib, * to
farmers »
Ace. sgologad, farmers
Voc. a sgologad, ofar^
mers
Abl. le sgologaiK, ivUk
farther^
In this manner decline
sgeiteog, a hawthorn
sigeog,
uisfeog,
ciitisebg,
a fairy
a lark
a windk straw
casog, iz jacket
lasog, & blaze
^6asog, a beard
dreasog, a briar
ispineog, a gooseberry
tnineog, a delicate girl
ciarog, a chafer^ or clock
cianog, apiece of money
miojtog, a midge
lalltQg, a bat
Haidog, a long hiife
bolog,; a bulioc}c
piteog, . an effeminate
fellow
cudog,
sudog,
a hadddck
a cake
sponog, a spoon
donog, an ui^happy s^i-
man
spideog, a red-breast
feitrlebg, aJiHsIf
cuileog, ajiy i
cr^ineog, a hedgehog
feannbg, a crow
tonnog, a duck
bonnog, a thick cake of
bread
feocog, a periwinkle
fraocOg, a bilberry /tc
feamdg, an alder tree
oinsedg, an ash tree
y^twf^rcv^rP
Singular*
N6m. cos, afoot
Gen. coise^ of a foot
do coisj to 4 foot
cos, afoot ■
a coSy foot
Dat.
Ace.
Voe.
Abl
Plural
Nom. cOsa(p feet -
; Gen. cos, of feet
Dat. do cosaiB, to feet
Ace. co^, feet
Voc. a cosa, o feet
le cois, with afQot\ AbL le cpsaib, xvith feet
Ih
Digitized by VjjOOQIC
Q6
fTYMOLOGY.
In this maimer decline,
cnaih, a bone
lam, a hand
croc, a cross
<:loc, a stone
cuac, a cuckoo
cruac, a rick
cuas, a den, or cave
cluas, an ear
gruag, hair
Singular
Nom. griaii, a sun
Gen. gr^ine, of a sun
Dat. tlo gr6in, to a sun
Ace. grian, a sun
Voc. a grian, o sun
Abl. le gr^in, with a sun
cruag, hardship .
buad, victory
tuad, an ax
muc, a pig
pluc, a cheek
slat, a rod
long, a ship, gen. luingp
drong, a company, gen.
druinge
Plural
Nom. griana, sum .
Gen. grian^ of suns
dogrianaib, tosuns^
Dat.
Ace.
Voc.
Abl.
griana, suns
a griana, o suns
le grianail>,
sn'M
In this manner decline,
giall, a hostage | sgkn, a knife^ gen. agbe
f eall, treachery, gen. feille g6ag, a branchy gen. g^ige
br^ag, a //e, gen. br^ige searc, love, gen. seirce
crioc, an end, gen. crice cearc, a hen^ gen. circe
cloc, a papy gen. cica --~ - —-- -' l:^^^^
ciall, reason
pian, a painy pL pianta
TAe ^/rire/ Declension. Alascuttnes and Feminines.
Nouns of the third declension have a broad in-
crease in the genitive singular.
And a small increase in ig, or broad in ea'd, and
aca, in the nominative plural.
Singuiar
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOGY.
27
Singular
Nom. figeadoir, a weaver
Gen. figeadoia, of a wea-
ver
Dat. d'Yigcadoir, to a
weaver
Ace, figeadoir, a weaver
Voc. a figeadoir, o wea-
ver
AbL le figeadoir, with a
. . weaver
Plural
Nom, figeadoirig, wea-
'*0ers ■ '•■ '
Gen. figeadoir, of wea-
*ders
Dat. d' f igeadoiriB, ^ te
weavers ' '
Ace. figeatioirig, wea^-
vers •'
Voc. a fr^eadoirig, o
weaver*s
Abl. k figeadoiriB, with
, weavers
In this manner decline,
emtaig'teoir, a creator
slanaigteojr, a savior
fuasgaltoir, a redeemer
cunifdoir, a fabricator
cronnadoir, a carpenter
tonnadoir, a ianner
bearradoir, u batcher
carradoir^ a cannan
saigitteoir, an archer
Singular ^
Nom. atair, a father
Gtn, atara, of a father
Dat. d' atair, to a fat her
Ace. atair, a father
ypc* a atair, o father
Abl le atair^ with^ a fa-
ther , ,
mealltoir, a deceiver
fealltoir, a traitor
spealadbir, a mower
loingseoir, 4 sailor )
muilleoir, ^ miller . /
clai'deadoir, a dit/cJier
neul^cjoir, annistrologer
poiteojir, a tippler r.
sladtoir, a robber /a ,
Plural
Nom, aitre, or ai'treaca,
fathers
Gen- aitreac, of fathers
Dat d* ail:reacaiBs. ' fa
fathers V
Acq. mtre, or .aitneaca,
fathers . ; ,
Voc. a aitre, oraai'trea-
k^4 Q fathers :
AbL' le.aittea.caib,,.tt?i>A
, fathers , i
£ 2
In
Digitiz'ed by Google
ts
bratair, a brother
E-TTMOLOGY,
In this manner decKne *
I Hiatair, a pother.
Gen. CQ^a. " of: a part \
Dalb. do; i^uid, fa a patt
Ace. cuid, apart *
AbL le ouid, mth apart
Plural
Nom. coda, oy codana,
parts
Gen. coda, of parts
E)at. do codaiB, or do co-
danaib, i<y pjaH&
Ace. coda, or codana^
Voc. a coda, or a codana.
Quarts
A*bl.' le cbdaib, or le coda-
naib, wit% part^
' th '^iiis riVaiin^r decline.
srut, aitrmm •'
sraiitj^'^ lai/^r
t^%\adr^i^ pi tdinte
cain, a^nCy^ p], tonaca
clt, a^hower^ pl^teatana;
^flait, a chief
lios, ' gen. leasa, a Tdl%
pi. liosaria . ' '
muir, a sea :!
toW/ the will
feoil, /?e:,yA
bit, Itfe, gen. bedta
fios, knowledge, gen. feas^
ceilgi fifec^iV, gen. cealga
The fourth declension.
*.-\^
vi\ Nifam-thkt end i^ioVels; polysyllables having
rlonginvthi^feist syllable; ^nd diminutives iri'm,
<aie. ini^arkble in - th& ^ feingul^r ; the cases of the
plural arc formed like those of other noiins; as,
baite,^^: ^otvu^ p\. hsiihe '
ttgala^^tix iba?/,^ pl.%altuia|
rig, /z A:i%, pJ. jigte ;
tig, a house
saoi, a gentleman
daoi, a clown
draoi, a druid
croiA,aheart, pl,croidea'd
laoi, a poem'
caoi, a way
fdinn^
Digitized by VjOOQI^
J&TYM€)t/OCf»V>
<^
flaine, glass
le, a poet .
m^idtj a stick
gadulg, a thkf, pi
daigeana
ijeantiaig, a merchant
grea^aig, . a shoemaker
^ailin, a little girl^ pi,
ga.
fitki^ ^ tittle man
paistin, a child
spailpm, a rascal
crijisgm, a jug
biiailthi, a beetle
•braisgin, an apron
'f6irin, a gift
Wilir^, a little moutJ^
IIETEROCLITE^,
"^Sitf^ar
Nom. bean, a woman
Oeii. ' trtna, ' 'of a ivcfmdn '
•pat. '^^iBo'ifriiaoi; toatvo^
man. .
Vice. 'hp^n;'ii^ziwman -■ ^
y be; a feekn, o iijmnan ' '
461. le bean, with azto-
7[nan ,' .
SiugrtiT' ;
^om, bo, a cow : . '
Gen. bo, or b«m, ofacaw\
Dat. do tiuin, '/^ ^.e«^w?) 1
Ace. ho, a cow , ;
Voc. aba, co^^ ^
Abl. le buin, «jt;i7A a coz^i
"Slngalar
Nom. cu, a greyhound
Gen. cun, of ciiin, of a
g)r^y^mnd
Pat • do Guin, CO, or icon,'
tifagrej^bduhd
Ace. cu, a greyhound
Voc.
^llL Te cuin, cu, or con,
with a greyhound
^Pluriil ^
Nonit mpa, women
Oen. ban, qfivomeU
Pat. 'do ifaMib, /o. a)a-
'/Ice, 'mtia, women ' ^
V6c. a thila, ivomen,
Abl. le mnaiB, zipif^ aKa^
Pluml
Gen. h6/ of edws
Dat do boaib, :^o xnwi
Ace. bat, toac?^
Voc. abat,r aciwspj
Abl., lebuaib,ra?i/A roast
Nom,
Gen.
Dat
Ace.
Voc.
AbL
Plural
•cuin, cona, conca
con
do coilaib
euin^ cona, eonSa
a C!p«a,c acdi^a
le conaib
Many
Digitized by VjOOQIC
5P ETYMOLOGY^
Ajfany ijpuns of the second and th\xd declensions
are contracted ip the genitive case ; as,
Bui'dean, a iropp^ Gen. bufdne, for bufdine '
briatar, a xvord^ Gen. breitre, for biiataire
maklin, morning, Gen. maidiie, for maiding
bliadain, a year, Gen. bliadna, for bliadana'
iolar, an eagle. Gen. ioka^ for iolara (I9)
XOUNS DECLINED WITH THE ARTICLE.
First.. I Nouns beginning xvith vqtivels.
If the noun be masculine, t is prefixed to it/in
the nominativie siiigular; if feminine, , h is prefixed
to the genitive.
In the plural of bpth genders, A is prefixed to
the no^ninatiye ?ind dative ^ and w to the geni-
tive. /. / : (20)/
Masculine.
■ •
Singular
Plural
Nom.
an tatair, the fa
Nom.
na haitre, or na
ther
haitreaca
Gen.
anatara
Gen.
na naitreac
Dat.
don atair •
Dat
dona haitreacaiB
Ace.
an tatair
Ace.
na haitre, pr na
AbL
leis an atair
haitreaca
Abl.
leiisna haitreacaiB
In this manner decline.
an tore, the yoUng pig
aa tuan, the lamb
an toganac, the young man
an teasbog, the bishop
an taingeal, the angel
an tasal, the ass
Feminine,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ETYMOLOGY*.
SI
Singular
Nom. an oig, the virgin
Gen. na hoige
Dat. don oig
Ace. an oig
Abl. les sm oig
Feminine.
Ptural
Nom. na hoga
Gen. na nog
Dat. dona liogaib
Ace. na hoga
Abl. leis na hogaili
an uiseog,
an eala^ the swcm
In this manner decline,
the thrush \ ?in ilid, the doe
an aman/ the river
Second. Nouns beginning with mutable consonanft;
except d, t, s.
Masculines are aspirated in the genitive and da-
tive singular;^ and feminines in the nominative and
dative.
In the genitive plural, all initial mutables arc
eclipsed, except w, and s.
Masculine.
Singular
Nom. an fear, the man ' Nom
Gen. an fir Gen.
Dat. don fear Dat.
Ace. an fear Ace.
Abl. leis an fear Abl.
Plural
na fir
na l?fear
dona fearaiti
na fir
leis na fearaiB
an craun, tre tree
an poll, the pit
4n bplg, the belly
In this manner decline, '
an molt, the xoether
andorn, thejist
^n mac, the son
Feminiixe,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
32
ETYMOLOGi:.
« Singular*
Gen* namna
Dat/ dk)U ij^naoi
Ace. an bea'n
AbL lebauifmaoi
remininc.
Plural
Nom, namna
Gen. na mbar^
Dat. dona mnaiS
Ace/ na mna,
Abl leis na mnaili
an pian, the ^am
an co§^ tkejofit
an casog, /he coat
In this manner decliqe> ^
an breug, tJte^ lie^
an geug^ the^ brani^
, I an feall, the treachery
Third. Noum hegmmng with s, followed % a
vozveli or by 1, n, or r.
Masculines prefix t to the genitive and dative
angular; feminines to the noiniaattve and dative*.
Masculine*
^ Singular
Nom. ansagart,//2c^n>^/
'6en. antsagairt
Dat. dou tsa^art
Ace. an sagart
AbL leis an tsagart
Plural . .^
Nora, na sagairt
Gen. na sagart
Dat. dona sagartai5
Ace. n^, sagart
Abl. leis na sagartaiB
In this manner decline.
an sliab, the mountam
an sac, the sack
an sionnac, the fox
an searrac, the foal
Feminine.
Singular. , '
Nom. an tslat, toe rot
Gen. iia slaite
Dat. don tslait
Ace. ah tslat
,Abl. leis an tslait
Nom,
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Plural
ifa slait
na slat
dona slataiB
na slait
leis na slataib
ii>
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ETYMOLOGY.
3S
In this manner decline,
an tsttil, the ^e
an tsrdn, the note
an tsigeog, the fairy
an tseactm^in, the week
an tseilg, the hunt
an seafac, the heifer (21)
— 'OSI«»^'<U—
ADJECTIVE.
GENERAL RULE.
The nomin?itive j^nd accusative are always alike ;
as EFe also the dative aii4 ablative.
First Declension.
Most adjectives ending in con^onant^ having
broad vowels iji the termination, have a small in-
flexion in tl^e genitive masculine; a small inci^a?^
in the genitive teminipe ; a^ a broa4 incjrease in
the nominative plural.
ard, high.
Singular.
Mas. Fem.
Nom. & Ace* ard, ard
Gen. ^ird, airde
bat. & Abl ard, aird
Voc. ^ird, tird
Plural.
.Mas. Fem.
Nom. & Ace. arda
Gen. ard
Dat. & Abl arda
Voc. arda
In this manner decline,
dab, black
gorm, blue
bog, soft
bdn, white
m6r, great
I4n, full
Caol, '^\
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34
BTYMOLQGY.
Singular
Mas. Fern.
>?om. Ac, caol, caol
Gen, caoU, caoile
Dat. Abl. caol, caoil
Voc. caoil, caol
/Caol, narroiv.
Plural
^ Mas. Fern.
Nom. Ac. caola
Gen. caol
Dat. Abl. caola
Voc. caola
Maol, hald
daor,. dtar
saor, cheap
claon, leaning
fuar, cbld
niia'd, new
lua't, quick
In this manner decline
mad, red
trean, strong'
gear, ^Atzr/?
fior, gen. mas. fir, Jem.
ffre, ^n/e
erf on, gen. masc.^ crfn,
/eTW. crine,. withered.
Singular
Mas.
N. Ac. fallan,
Gen. tallain,
D. Ab. fallan,
Voc. fallain,
fallan, sound.
Fern.
fallan
fallaine
fallain
fallan
Plural
Maj$. Fem.
N. Ac. fallana
Gen. falkin
D. Ab. fallana
\^oc. fallana
In this manner decline
cotrom, even
agriiur, lucky
atlarh, quick
anbfann, feeble
bacac, lame
docrac, difficult
sowiac, easy
eadmur^ jealous
Second Declension.
Adjectives ending in consonants, having a small
vowel in the termination, increase • small in the
i:ci.itive feminine and nominative plural. (22)
" arsaig,
neartriiur, powerful
ceanann, speckled
dileas, gen. masc. dilis^
Jem. dilise, proper
cartanac, Jriendly
martanac, peipetual
briotac, stam?nering
Digfiized by Google
ETYMOLOGY. 35
arsaig, ancient.
Singular
Mas. Feiii.
N. Ac. V. arsaig, arsaig
Gen. arsaig, arsaige
Dat. Abl. arsaig, arsaig
Plural
Mas. Fein.
N. Ac. V. arsjiige
Gen. arsaig
Dat. Abl. arsaig
In this manner decline
tapuid, smart
leanbui'd^ childish
tais, tender
cruaid, hard
min, mild
saim, pleasant
Some adjectives of this declension are contracted
in the genitive singular; as,
aoibinn, delightful, gen. aoibne, for aoiBine
aluinn, beautiful^ gen. aille or aillne, for aluinne.
Third declension.
Adjectives ending in amuil, have a broad in-
crease in the genitive singular and nom. plural.
Singular
Mas. Fern
N. Ac. V. geanaihuil
Gen. geanarhla
geanaihuil, lovely.
Plural
Mas. Fein.
N. Ac. V. geanarhla
Gen. geanaihuil
Dat. Abl geanaihuil | Dat. Abl. geanciiiuiil
In this manner decline,
eagsamuil, "various I beanarhuil, xcomanhj
fcaraihuil, mdnly \h2,xm'a\\x\\ stately
Some monosyllabic adjectives, having a broad
vewel/m the termination, increase broad in the
genitive feminine, aild nominative plural.
F 2 corr,
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3^
JBTYMOtO^r.
corr, uneven.
Singular
Mas. Fem.
N. Ace. y. corr, corr
Gen. corr, corra
Dat. Abi. corr, coir
Plural
Mas. Fern:
N. Ace. V. corra
Gen. corr
Dat, Abl. corr
In this manner decline,
cas, curled
fras, fluent
ceart, ju^t
prab, quick
grod, sudden
breag, fliie
FouHh declension.
Adjectives ending in vowels are alike in all
cases, genders, and numbers.
aoBda, a^erf. ^
Singular -
JNIas. Fem.
N. Ac. V. aosda
Gen. aosda
Dat. Abl. aosda
Plural
Mas. Fem.
N. Ac. V. aosda
Gen. aosda
Dat. Abl. aosda
ADJECTIVES I>fCLlNED WITH_ NOUNS.
Adjectives beginniilg with mutable consonants
(except d ox t following a noun ending in w,) are
aspirated in the nominative ahd accusative, sing,
feminine; genitive, masculine; dative, vocitive
and ablative, both genders; and. in the vocative^
plural. (S3) \
an fear geal, the fair m^h
Singular Plural
Nom. an fear geal Norn, ha fir geala
Gen. an fir gil Gen. na bfear geal
pat. don fear geal Dat. dona fearaiB geala
Ace. an fear geal Ate. na fir geala
Voc. a fir gil ; ' Voc. a feara geala *
AbL leis an fear ^eal Abl. leisna fearaiB geala
an Bean
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ati bean geal, the fair woman.
37
Singular.
Norn, an bean geal
Gen. na iiilia j|il6
Dat. don mnaoi |ll
Ace. an bean geal
Voc. a bean geal
Abl. leis aii ilinadi j^U
:i?lural.
Nom\ na mna geala
tjtn. n^ ItlbAh geal
Dat» dona mnaib geala
Ace. na mna geala
Voc. a mna geala
j Abl. leis fia mnaib geala
In. this manner decline,
Masd
an la fuar, the cold day an ihaidin fuar, the cold
an crann mor, thi gireat
tree
Fem.
morning
an cloc
stone
mor, the
great
Other adjectives undergo no change in their
initials, when eonJlected with nouns.
COMPARISON.
The coni|5ara:tiv'e . degree is formed by putting
mios, mere^ before the genitive feminitic of tlie
positive; as, gesj, i^te; nios gile, wAiVtT. (24)
The superlative is formed by i>uttihg ro, very^
before the nomiiaative; or, as, most, before the
genitive feilainiee of the positive; as, ix) geal, ttery
white; as gile, whitest. (25)
Positive
mait, gotjiH
olc, bad
raor, grcdt
beag, little
fada, long
gar, near
urus, easily
IRREGULAR COMPARISON
Comparative
liiQfe rearr,
nibs measa,
nios inA^
nios lugQ,
( nios faide, ?
^mo$ sia, \
nios gdire,
nios vl%\
Superlative,
ro thait, as foarr
ro olc, as measa
ro ihor, as mo
roiie^, as luga
ro Tadd!^ as sia
ro gar, as ncasa
C ro usa, ro urns,
■ \ as usa, (26)
NUMERAL
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38
ETYMOipOY.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES
Value Cardinal, one, &c
;. Ordinal, First, &c.
1 aon
cead
a do
dara
3 tri
treas
4 ceatair, or ceitre
ceatratfaad
5 cuig
cAigead
6 sh
seisead
7 seact
seactmad
8 Oct
octmad
9 naoi
naomad
10 deic
deicmad
I i aondfeag
aonad d^g
12 do dfeag
dara d^ag
13 tri d^ag
tritead d6ag, or treas
dfeag
14 ceitre d6ag
ceatramad dfeag
15 cuig dfeag
cuigead d^g
16 se dfeag
seisead dfeag
17 seact d^ag
seactmad dlag
18 octd^g
octmad dfeag
19. naoi d^ag
naorhad d^ag
20 fitce
fitcead
21 aon is fitce
aonmad fitcead
22 do is fitce
dara fitcead
30 deic ar f icead ,
deicihead ar fitcead
31 aond^gis fitce
aonad dfeag ar f itcqad
40 dafitcead
da Fitcead
50 deic is da f itcead
deicmead ar da fitcead
60 tri fitcead
tri fitcead
70 deic is tri fitcead
deicmead ar tri fitcead
80 ceitre fitcead
ceitre fitcead
90 deic is ceitre fitcead
deicihead ar ceitre
fitcead
IpO c^ad
ch^d
200 da cfead
da Ic6ad
300 tri cfead
tri c6gd
100a
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOGY.
Value
Cardinal
Ordinal
1000
mile
mile
2000
da ibile
da mile
10000
deic mile
deic mile
1000000
milliun
milliun, (27)
59
-•^-•ilWl^O'^
PRONOUNS.
PERSONAL.
There are four personal pronouns; viz. me, /;
tu, thou; se, or e, he; si^ or i, she.
In declining these pronouns, the nominative and
accusative are commonly alike; the vocative want-
ing, except in the second person; and the ablative
is formed by prefixing various prepositions, ex-
hibited under the title oi compound pronouns.
First person.
Singular.
Nom. Ac. me, /, me
Gen.
Dat.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
mo, rmne, my
dam, to me
Plural.
N. Ac. sinn, inn, we^ us
Gen. ar, ours^ our
Dat. duinn, to us
Second person.
Singular,
tu, thou
do, thine^ thy
duit, to thee
Ac. V. tliu, thee^ o thee
Third person, masculine.
Plural.
N. V. sib, ibh, ye, you
Gen. bur, yours, your
Dat. dib, to you
Ace. ib, you, (28)
Singiilar
Nom. se, 6, he, it
Gen. a, of him, of it
Dat do, to him, to it
Ace. 6, him, it '
Plural
Nom. siad, iad, they
Gen. a, of them
Dat. doib, to them
Ace. iad, them
. Third
Digitized by VjOOQIC
40 ETYMOLOGY*
Singuiax
, Nom. si, i, she
Gen. a, 0/ k&r.
Dat. di, to her
Third person, feminine.
Plural
Nom, siad, iad, they '
Gen. a, qf them '
Dat. doib, to them
Ace. i, her |Acc. iad, them
P0$sf:$sivi:.
The genitives of ^he perspnal pronouns are
called possess! ves ; viz. mo, my; do, thy; ar, our;
liar, your; B,^ his, ker^ its, their.
When mo, do, ar, a, are preceded by the pre-
positions le, witn; ua, from; Ab^ to; ann, in;
t4iey are abbreviated in the following m^ner:
le /do
lem, with my . dpni, #0 w^
led, with thy dod, /o M^^
ler, xvith our . .flar, to our
lena, w;z7A Af^y, :&c. da, to his^ &c.
ua aim
om, ^>ow2 wjy am, in my . ^
od, /row thy ad, i« Mj/
o'ar, from our inar, m, owr
ona, from his, &c. iiina, in his, &c. (29)
5EI-ATIVE.
A, a^Ao, a;A/cA, an te, an ti, who, which, that,,
ce be, zvhoever. CSO)
INTE^ROGAXIVp.
Creud? gojde? what? masc. ci%?^ce? f^. ci?
\Awxdi[,^^\2j^ wkofwhdt? which f ca? what? (91)
^ DEMONSTRATIVE. '
So, ^A«>, thfife, 3in, /Aa^, fAo^c, ud, yonder. (32)
COMPOUND.
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ETYMOliOC'Y.
41
COJVIPOUND.-
From ag, at or with.
Singular
1 again, in my possession
2 agad, in thy, &c.
^ Cmas. aige, in his, &c.
(, fem, aice, in her, &c.
From as, out of.
Singular
1 asam, out of me
g asad, out of thee
^ fmas, as, out of him
\ fern, aisde, out of her
Plural
1 aguinn, in oy^r possession
2 aguib, in youi\ &C.
3aca, in their, &c.
Plural
1 asuinn; out of us
2 asuiK, Out of you
3 asda, out of them
From cuige, unto.
Singular
1 cugam, to me
2 cugad, to thee
^ S mas. cuige, to him
\ femr cuice, to her
Pliital
1 cuguinn, to us
2 cuguili^ to yoiv
3 twc^ to th€7n
Prom idir, between.
Singular
eadrom, between me
C idff e, beixveen him
\ idir i, between her .
Plural
1 eadruinn, between us
2 eadruife; between you
S eatorra, between ihem
From faoi, or fa, under.
Siugukr
1 fam, or f-um, uyider me
2 fud, u)ider tiiee
c, f mas. fuide^ under him
\ fern, fuici, under her
Plural
1 fuinn, under as
2 fuib, under you
3 fii^a, under them
From
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42
ETYMOLOGY.
1
From le, along withy or together with.
Plural
1 linn, toith us
2 lib, with you '
3 leo, with them,
Singular
liom, with me
leat, with thee
Xmas. leis, with him
t fem. leite, with her
From air, upon.
Singular
orm, upon me
ort, upon thee
f mas. air, upon him
\ fem. uirre, upon her
From de, from, off.
(33)
Plural
1 oruinn, upon us
2 oruili, upon you
3 orra, upon them, (34)
Plural
1 dinn, from us
2 dib, from you
3 diob, from them
Singular
diom, from me
diot, from thee
C mas. de, from him
X fem. di, front her
From roime,
Singular
roiiiam, before me
roifaad, before thee,
f ma. roime, before him
\ fe. roimpe, before her
From tar, fieyond, or over.
before.
Plural
1 rorhuinn, before us
2 roihuib, before you
3 rompa, before them
Singular
thorum, torm, over me
torad, tort, over thee
C tairis, over him
X tairste, over her
From ua, from.
Singular
uaim, from me
uait, from thee
Cmas. uati, from him
X fenu iiftite^ from her
Plural
1 torainn, over us
2 toruib, over you
3 torra, over them
Plural
1 \x2imny from us
2 uaib, from you
3 uadfo, from them
From
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ETYMOLOGY. 43
From um, about^ or uporiy as cloathsy &c.
Singular
1 umam, about me
2 umad, about thee
f mas. uime, about him
t fem. uimpe, abojuther
3
Plural
1 umuinn, about us
2 umuib, about you
3 umpud, about them
INCREASE.
#
personal, possessive, and compound pronouns,
take an additional syllable, when used with a par-r
ticular emphasis; or placed in qontra distinction
to each other. (35)
In personal and compound pronouns, if the last
vowel be broad, sa is added to the first, second
and third person feminine of the singular; and to
the second person plural; but ^e is added, if the
last vowel be small.
In like manner san or seari is added to the third
person masculine, singular, and to the third person
plural.
Ne is added to the first person plural: as.
Dam, to mCj darasa, to my self ; duit, to thee,
duitse,.^o thyself; sinn, 'we^ sinue, ourselves; e,
he^ esean, himself; me /, mise, myself: i, she^
ise, herself; liom, with me^ liomsa, with myself;
linn, with us, liune, with ourselves.
In this manner decline all the personal and com-
pound pronouns, except in the genitive case; for,
Possessive pronouns require the increase to be
made in the nouns* that are joine/l with them; as,
lam, a handy mo larhsa, 7;?j/ own hand; or if that
noun be followed by an adjective, the increase is
made in that adjective; as, mo larii gealsa, my
zphite hand,
o 2 In
Digitized by VjOOQIC
44 . ETTMOLOGT.
In. this manner decline,
Mo ccann duB, my black head
a Icabar, hi^ hook,
ar nat^ir, our father.
a gcosa duBa, their black feet.
bi|r sqile arda, your lofty eye$, (35)
VERB.
Verbs are of three kinds, Active, Ea&sive, and
Neuter or Reflected.
There are seven variations of the Verb, as to
.signification; viz. the Imperative, and Infinitive
]\{oods, Participles, Indicative, Potential^ Opta-
tive and Subjunctive Moods.
There are four variations of the Verb, as to
time; viz. the Present, Preter, Consuetudinal, and
Futqre Tenses. (37)
Conjugation of the Auxiliary, Biy be.
IMPERATR^E MOOD.
Singular Plural
\ ^ ( "^ Si^^^^a<^^d> biodh Sinn, let u^ he
2 Bi, he thou . J * k ^ Bigidhe, or biodh sibh, hei/e
3 Biodhse, let him hey (^^ Bidis, or biodh siad, let them he
The negative be not^ &c. i^ formed by prefixing
na to each person; as, na bidis, or na biod siad,
let them not.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Affirmative Negative
ii)obhc;:h^ or a bheith, to he, gan a bheiih, liot to he. (38J
fARTICIPLES.
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ETYJIOLOGY,
45
PARTICIPLES.
Present Preter Future
Ag bheilh, , . "> r i^ ... hcvoing ") f le bheilh, or C ahout t9
0^)
INDICATIVE MOOD,
^ Singular
1 Ataim, atame, I mn
2 Ataoir, ata tu, thou art
3 Ata, ata se, he is
Present Tense. Affirmative.
Plural
■^ C 1 Atamoid, ata sinn, ive arc
S -? 2 Ataoi/ata sibh, ye ar^
J (.3 Ataid, tikei/ are
Singular
1 Taim, ta jne, / a7n
2 Tais, ta tu, thou art
3 Ta, ta se, he is
Otherwise.
Plural
■^ r 1 Tamoid, ta sinn, loe are
W2 Ta, ta aibh, j<<; arc^
> (.3 Ta, tasiad, they are. (40}
Present. Negative.
Singular
1 Ni bhfuilim, niel n^, I a?fi-
not
2 Ni bhfuiiir, niel tu, thou art \
not
9 Ni bhfuil se, niel se, he wi
not
Plural
I Ni bhfuil sinn, ni bhfuilmid,
. or niel mid, ive are not
^2 Ni bhfuilti, nibkfuil sibh,
niel sibh, ye are not '
3 Ni bhfuil siad, niel siad,
they aj-e not
Present. Interrogative.
Singular
1 Bhfallnie? an If
2 Bhfuil tu? bhfuiiir?
(hour
3 Bhfuil se? is he?
an
}
Prater Tense,
Singular
( Do bhios, do tjhi me 1
\ Do bhadhas, do bha hks J
/ was, or i h<mi heen
, f Do bhidWs, do bhi tu \
\ do bhadhais, do Ijha tu f
khou wnst, or ka$t bei^n
Do bbi se, do bba se, le
w(ps, or has ban
Plural
1 BhfuHmid? bhfuil sinn? are
2 Bhfuil sibh ^ are ye T
3 Bhfuil si^idl are they ^ {4i>
Affirmative.
Plural
^ f Dobhioiu^r, do bhi sinn,
tdobhamur,dobhasinn,
we zvere^ or hav€ been
2 Do- bhi sibb, do bha sibh,
y^ vfcre^ in: haz^ bmi
f Do bbi siad, i
( do bhudar, do bha siad, y
they ueir, or hait heen
Preterl
Digitized by VjOOQIC
46
ETYMOLOGr.
Otherwise.
Prefer. Negative.
Singular
1 Ni rabhas, ni raibh me, /'
wa8 not
2 Ni raibh tu, thou wast not
3 Ni raibh se, he was not
W
Plural
1 Ni rabhamar, ni raibh sinn,
we were not
2 Ni raibh sibh, ^e were not
3 Ni raibh siad^ tha/ were not.
Preter. Interrogative.
Singular Plural
I been? s ^^ Raibh sibh? were ye? &c.
2 Raihh tu ? xvast thou ? &c. i ^ 3 Raibh siad ? were they ? &c.
3 Raibh se? was he? &c. J v.
Consuetudinal Tense. Affirmative.
Plural
1 Bidhmid, biann sinn^ we are
usually
2 Biann sibh, ye are usually
3 Biann siad, they, &c. (44)
Singular
1 Bim, / ajn usually
2 Biann tu, thou art usually
5 Biann se, he is usually
]{
The negative / am not usually, &c* is formed
by prefixing ni to each person; as, ni bhim, ni
bhiann. tu, &c.
' The interrogative are you usually ? &c. is formed
by prefixing m to each person; as, mbiann tuf
mbiann se? &c. (45)
Future Tense. Affirmative.
Plurai
1 Beidhmid, beidh sinn, we
shall be
2 Beidh, beidh sibh, ye, Sec.
3 Beidh, beidh siad, tli€y sliall
be. (46)
Future^
Singular
1 Beid, beidh nae, I shall be
2 Beir, beidh tu,
3 Beidh, beidh se.
ne, I shall be ^ f
a, thou shalt bef\
se, he shall ^^ /"\'
n
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOOr,
47
Future. Negative.
Singular
1 Ni bhiam, / shall or will not ^
he
2.Nibhianntu^
3 Ni bhiann se»
I shall or will not ^ /
u, thou s^lt, &c. ^ J
;e, he shall, &c. ^ v.
Plural
1 Ni bheidhmid, ni bhiann
sinn, we shall or m?27/ nof be
2 Ni bhian sibh, ye shall, &c.
3 Ni bhian siad, tbey shall, &,c.
Future, Interrogative.
Singular
1 Mbeidh me ? shall I be?
2 Mbeidh tu ? shalt, &c.
3 Mbeidh se? shall, &,c.
}{
Plural
1 Mb^idhmid? mbeidh sinn^
shall wet &c.
2 Mbeidh sibh? sliallyefUc.
3 Mbeidh siad ? shall tfuy ? &c.
Consuetudihal of the Future.
Singular .
3 Mur bias, or a bias, as it shall be, or the person
that is or shall be. (47)
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present and Future Ttnses. Affirmative.
Singular
1 Ma taim, if I he
2 Ma ta tu, if thou be
3 Ma ta se, if he be
%
Plural
1 Ma tamoid; ma ta sinn, if
we be
2 Ma ta silih, if ye be
3 Ma taid, ma ta said, if/% Atf
Present^ &c. Negative.
Singular Plural
1 Muna bhfuilim, murbhfuil'N ri Muna bhfuilmid, muna
me, ff I he not I \ bhfuil sinn, if we be not
2 Muna bhfuil tu, if thou, &c. W 2 Muna bhfuil sibh, if ye, &c.
3 Muna bhfuil se, if he be noti J 3 Muna bhfuil siad, if they be
J V. not. (48)
^ Preter Tense. Affirmative.
Singular ,
1 Ma bios, ma bi me, if I were^ (49) — As the
Preter of the Indicative Mood.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
48
EtYMO^LOGV.
ComuetudinaL
Sirtgular
Da mbionn, da mbiainn, if
I tvtre, or had been
Da mbiadhfa, if thou, &c.
Da mbiadh, if he had been
II
Plural
\ Da mbiodbmaftis, da mbiadh
stnn, if we were, or had been
2 Da mbiadh sibh, ifyc, ko.
3 Da mbidisy da mbiadb siad,
if they were, &c.
Prefer and ConsuetudinaL
Negative.
Singular
1 Muna be go raibh me, if /-
had not been
it Muna be go raibh tu, if[
thou had not been ,
3 Muna be go raibh se, ifhe\
had not beeti
if
Plural
Muua be go r^Ubh siai
we had not been
Muna be go raibh sibh> if
ye had not been
Muna be go raibh siad, if
ihcy had not been
Futile Tense. Affirmative.
Singular
1 Ma bhiann, if I shall be
2 Ma bhionn tu, if thou shah
3 Ma bhionn se, if he shall
be)
bet
S'
. Plural
Ma bhlomaoid, ma bhionn
sinn. If we shall be
Ma bhionn sibh, if ye, &c.
Ma bhionn siad, if they, &c.
Future.
Singular / •
Muna mbeidh me, if I shall
w>t be
Muna mbeidh tu, if thou, &c,
Muna mbeidh se, if he, &c. I
Negative.
I
I
Plural
Muna mbeidh sinn, if we
shall not be
Muna mbeidh sibh, if ye, &c.
Muna mbeidh siad, if thty
shall not be, (50)
OPTATIVE MOOD.
Singular
1 ' r?o raibh me, may 1 he
2 Oo raibh tu^ may est thou be
3 fig raibh se^ may lie be
Optative.
Singular
1 Nar raibh me, may I not he
2 Narraibhtu,7/M(j^e5fMow
3 Nar faibh se, may
\
Plural
1 Goraibhmid, go raibh sinn,
rtiay We be^
2 Go raibh sibh, may ye he
3 Go raibh iJiad, jnay they he
Negative.
I not be^ i 1 Nar ra
thou, he. f \ sinn, m
he not'bei\2 Nar rai
J f.3 N-arrail
Pliiral
1 Nar raibh mid, »ai* raibh
, may we not be
raibh sibh, may ye not be
N-ar raibh siad, may they not be
I wish
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1(TYM01X)OY. 49
Preter.
I wish t ^et^Cf &t. h ^xpfessierf, Au^h mhaith
Horn go raibh mCy or hfearr Horn go r^Ubh nie. (51)
POTENTIAL MOOD.
The potential is fomitd by the auxiliary imper-
sonal,
Present Preter Future
as, oris, it is ba, it was inicl, it shall or will be
or by tigim, / comej used impersonally;* or by
caitfid, must. To some one of these is joined
such a wotd a», teidif, pifs$ible; c6ir, right; eigin,
necessitif^ &c. followed tiy the pronoun which
should have been nominative to the verb, and by
. the verb itself in the infinitive mood ; as,
Is eigin dan d beit^ I must be; k feidir liom
a Beit, / may be; ba c6ir daifa a Beit, / should
have been; ni 'tig liom a Beit, I cannot be; caitfid
me a Beit, / must be. (52)
H ViESVLAU,
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30 BTt»iOt(Xj;Y.
. REGULAR VERBS., ; :
ACTIVE VOICE. "• '
Conjugation of iuail, strike. (53)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Affirmative^
Singular Plural >
• • . ^ r^ ?uailipiid,. /«?,!« «ft7itc
2 Buai), strike tJioii v ? ^ Buailighe, strike yc
3 Buailidn se, let him strike ^ ^ 3 Buailidis, buailidA siad, Id
' ' -^ V ^^* strike
The imperative negative strike not, thou. Sec: h
formed by ()reftkirig na to eich person; as, w^
buail^ S6c.- i ' '■ -' ; ■ ■• ''' ; .- ^ .: /:' •
INFINITiyi: MQOp. '
Affirmative. Negative
Do, or a bhualadh> to strike; Gan a bhualadh^ not to stiike
* PARTICIPLES.
Present Preter Future
abualadh,..n^f.^;>\-^^^^^^ ^-| ^''^£'^'^:,
INDICATWE MOOD,
Present Tense. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
1 Buailim> / strike "i T^ Buailimid, we strike
2 Buailir, buailidh lu, ihou9\2 Buailidh sibh,j^ strike
strikest i J ^ Buailidk siad, they strike
3 Buailidh sc, he strikes ./v.
The
Digitized, by VjOOQ IC
Tiie present negative I do not strike, ^c. is
fo^Tned^ by prefixing ni to each persoi); as, ni
bhuailimy Sec. .
The 'present interrogative do I strike ? &c. is
formed by ^prefixing a or an to each person; as,
a mbuailimP &c.
Present, with the relative a, who; anti, who;
noc, awfricA/. go der what? ca huair? when? ;go
dh ttmtr \^^f haxing hy [who, whiohj expressed or
'undefStbbH. * —
Singular *^ Plural
J Go de Buafleas me?^ '
what do I strike?
2 is taa buaileas, it is
thou that strike^t V^
3 ciabuailean se? whom
does he strike ?
1 as slnn a buailcas, we
do strike
2 ^ de buaileas sib?
xvhat do ye strike?
3 ca huair a buaileas
siad? zc^en do they
strike? {5^)
Preter. Affirmative.
Singular ■ Plural .' ( ,
1 Do bhuaileas> bhuail me, />. /^l Bobhuai(eamar^bliuail8i|;ip,
nntck^ § \ ^^ struck
2 Do bhuaifis, biipail tu, thou fj2 Do bhuaileabhar, bhuail
itruckest i J sibh^ ye sttnick
S Do bhuail^' bhuail »e, heXJs Do bhuaileadkr, bhutiil siad,
struck ' . 1 ^ ^^ struck, (55)
The preter negative is fonnfed by prefixing ^i/W*
ttfeachpersoil-.as, niar buaileas, X did not strike.
The pi^j?. jpierfogative is fonnecl by prefixing
nar to each person; as, nar buail me? did I strike?
(56) , , • ,
Consuet^udinaL Affirmative.
Singular Plural
] 'RvkdWixa, I usually strike ^C^ Buailean8inn,i:?^i/«/^/y,&c.
2 . BuaJleaii:tii, f^i>|£ usually^ &C. v - J ^. Bu^ilean %j^\\»y€ muailyikc.
3 Buailean $k, he usua^^^^ .> C. ?\ Bipileai^ »iaJ, they^ &c,
\ ,<..H H a ^ The
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52 fcTTMOIiOaY.
The consuetudinai fcegativc and interrogative
are foroied as in the pnesent; ni ttuajleao tu, thou
dost not , usually strike; di mbuailean se? dQe$ he
usually strike?
Future. Affirmatm,
Singular Woral
fi Bv^ilt'e Ui^ tiiou wilt strike J / 2 BuaiMe siWb pe u4ff Ilri4r,
3 Buailfe sc, he will strike y t^ Buailfe liad, 4h^^xp^j>lMxi/fe
Otherwise.
SinKuiar Plum^
1 Buailid, buaile me,/ shall-^/^l Buailimid, buaile tiiin^ ue,
or WJi// smke ^ JK shall strike
2 Buatlir, buiile tu> ^Aou shaltfJ 2 BuaiHjdii' siJbh^jK! Ai// strike
strike ^^3 Bii^illdk sia4,#A<y«^^rti«
3 Buailidh, buaile s«, /«; 5Aa//\ # (57)
Tlie future negative aud interrogative are form^- ♦
ed as the affirmative; as, ni Buailid, I shall not
strike; a mbuailir? wilt thou strike.
The future, with the relatives a] antiy or noch;
or the inteiragatives go de? ca huairf go de murf
Sec. (5«) i .
V
Singular Pfbril
1 Code Buailfcas me?'^ rias sinjti a buailfea^, a?^
zvhat shall J strike ? 1 1 shall strike
.3 is tu a Buailfe^s, iVi^Msgo de Buailfeas «B?
thou shall strike M what shall yc strike?
3 an te a Buailfeas, /AellScia Buailfeas siad?
person that shall^ kc. J ^ whom shall they sirlkef
»
, ' SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD,
Presetit Tense and Future. Affirmative.
Siiigular . ; i
1 Ma Buailim, if I &tri^el &e, — as tlic pesent \n*
dicative, having ina, if, prefixed^ • • •
Present
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ETYMOLOGY. 5S
Present and Future. Negative.
Singular
1 Si una Ikiaitim, if I do not strike.-^^^% the pre-
smt indicative, having muna, if not ^ prefixed,
**" Prefer. .J^rmative. .,
Singular r ^
\laS^me, }£f ^ '^^^ ^'^"^^--a* the prcter
indicative, having nsia, if prefixed,
Preter. Negative.
Singular ^
1 Muna Buaileas, 7 •> r 2 ^ \. / n ^
Muna buail me, ^ ^ *^ *^' tiruck.^^ tHc
preter negative indicative, having imo£i) if not,
instead pf fiiar. ^
Consuetudinai^ Affirmative.
Sii^lar Plural
I Ban^uailian^ had I$intck^ /^iBambuaitfeamois^damboCHU
S Da mhuailfeadh »e, Aad Ac Vy struck
*^^^ (j 3 Da mbuaiiadis, da mbuail^
1 f licib^ vsiad, had that struck
J\ (59)
Conmetudmal. Negative.
Singular
J Muna be gur Buail me, had I not struck — as
the preter indicative, having muna be gur, un-
less that, prefixed.
OPTATIVE
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54 ETniOLOGS^
OPTATIVE MOOD.
Present and Future. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
,1 60 mbuaileam, go mbuail-'N ^\ Go mbuailimid, go mbuail^
idh me, way /. strike . # i idh sinn, may we strike
2 Oombuailidhtu,9/<aye5/Mottf )2 (Jo mbuailidh sibh, may ye
strike / j strike
3 Go mbuailidh sc, may ^\/3 Go mbuailidis, go mbuailidh
strike J v siadj may they strike
The present and future negative, aie the san»e
as affirmative, except that nar is used instead of
go; aS, nar Buaileam, or nar buaili'd me thay I
not strike.
Preter and ConsuetudinaL Affirmative.
Singular
1 Bfearr liom go^ mbuailfinn, / •pi^h I had struck.
— as the subjunctive, except that bfearr liom
go is used instead of i/a.
The preter negative is formed in the same
maimer, except that nar or nachai\ not, is used
Instead oi go; as, bfearr liom nar Buailfinn, Iwish
I had not struck.
POTENTIAL MOOD.
Is feidir liom a Buala'd, lean strike him or it;
beigin dam a buala'd, / must have struck him or
it; ni tig liom a Buala'd, I cannot strike him or
it, &c. (60)
, i PASSIVE
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KTYMOtOGT. 55
PASSIVE VOICE.
Buailtear, be struck,
imperative; moqix
Singular Plural.
1 Baailtear m^, biodh me^ i^l Buailtear inn, biodhmaoicl
buailte, kt me he struck i i baaitte, let us be struct
^ Buailtear, biodh tu buailte, v < *^ Buailtear ibh, biodh sibk
be tlum struck y\ hvi^WU, be ye struck
5 Buailtear^, bicKlhaei;\uaiUe,l /^ Buftiltear 1^^^ biodh siad
let him be struck J V. byailte, Ut them he struck
The imperative npgative is formed by prefixingr
na: as^ na buailtear me, let me not be struck.
infinitive; mood.
A Beit buailte, ta be strwk^
PARTICIPLES.
Pnter, BuaiH^, ^fwpfri" iar mbeith buaihe, having been siruek.
Future^ le bhualadh, le na bhualadh, or ar/tibhei^h buailte,
4ibout to he struck, (61)
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
1 Buailtear me, / am struck ^ C^ Buailtear inn, we are struck
2 Buailtear thu, thou qrt struck J \ 2 Buailtear ibh, ye are struck
% Buailtear e, Jie is struck S t.^ Buailtear iad, they are struck
Present Negative^ Ni buailtear me, &c. / am
not struck^ &c.
Present Interrogative^ A mbuailtear mc? &c.
am I struck? &c.
Prefer
Digiti
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50 ETYMOLOfi^Ytf
Preter Teme. Afirmative:
Singnlar Plural
1 Dobuai]eadhine,/t#a54#rt^ik^ ^1 D6 baa^leadh sinn, we were
S Do buaileadh thu, thou wast i i Hruck
Mtrudk f I2 Do buaileadh sibh, jr^ were
I Do buaileadh ^i^fPO^'^TttCit/^^ strttck
' 3 Do buaileadh iad, tkei/ were
^ struck
Preter Negative, Niar buailea'd me, &c. / was
not strt4ck, &c.
Preter Ifiterrdgathe, JnTef buailead ine? &c.
W0st struck f &c,
Futurt Tehse. AjUrfhAtioe.
Singular Plural
1 B<iftafearmfe, IdtdlltawlH^/'l Bdiilffe^t irtrt, w^ u^f/! fce
hestfkdk i\ ^ntck
2 Bqailfear thq, thou wilt befl2 Buailfear ibh, ye will be
struck y^ stmck
S BvaLi\ftBik,hewillhestruck\is Buailfear iad> tliey will he
(62J J\. struek
Future N^gative^ Ni buailfear me, / will not
le struckj &c.
Future Jnterrogafivp^ A mbwUfear ifie ? skuU
f h^ Struck? &e,
SUBJUNCTIYE MOOI),
Present T^m^, Affirmative,
Singular Plural
\ Ma bhuailtcar me, if I he^ ^\ Ma bhuailtear inn, if we
be struck
Ma bhuailtear ibh, if ye be
struck
Ma bhuailtear i9d> if they
' r struck
binguJar
\ Ma bhuailtcar me, if I be^ ^\ Ma
struck ft k J
9 Ma bhuailtear tu, if thoufj2 Ma
be struck / j stn
$ Mi bhuAiltrtf e, tf ^ ^\ f 3 Ma
struck . ^ V. ^ J
Present Negative, Muiia mbuaijltear ine, 1/ /
le not struct^,
Preter
Digiti
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KT¥MOXOGT, 57
Pret^r Tense. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
J Dambuailfidh me, if I had-. ^,\ Da mbaailfidh iim, if wc
been struck i i had been slruik
2 Da mbuailfidh thu, if thoufl^ Da mbuailfidh ibh, if ye had
hadst been struck f \ been struck
S Da mbuwlfidh «e, i/he kadi f $ Da inbuaiHidh iad, if they
been struck J v had been struck, (63)
Preter Negatirce, Mana be go raiK me buailte,
if I had not been struck.
Future Tense. Affii^mative.
Singular , Plural
1 Ma bhuailfear me, if /"\ / 1 Ma bhaaiHear inn, if xse
shall be struck i \ sh(dl be struck
2 Ma bhuailfear thu, (fMowf y2'Ma bhuailfear ibh, if ye
shah be struck /" j shall bt stt^ck
3 Ma bhuailfear e, if he will\ #3 Ma bhuailfear iad, if they
be struck , J ^ shall be stmck
Fiitu7^e Negative^ Muna mbuailfear me, if I
shall not be struck.
OPTATIVE MOOD.
Present and Future Tenses. Affirmative.
Singular " Plural
1 Go mbuailtear me, may Z-x >- 1 Go nrbuaiitear sinn, may we
be struck i i be struck
2 Go mbuailtear thu, fnayestfj 2 Go mbuailtear sihh, may ye
thou be stnick . ^\ be struck
3 Go mbuailtear e^ may he beX I ^ Go mbuailtear iad, may they
struck J \^ be a ruck
Present and Future Negative^ Nar Buailtear,
me, 7naif I not be struck.
Preter Tense. Affirmative,
Singular \
1 Bfearr liom da mbuailfi'd me, &c% / wish I had
becfz struck.
I Preter
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\38 i:tymology.
Preter. Negative.
Singular
1 Bfearr liom nach mbuailfi'd me, / wish I had
not been struck.
Every part of the passive voice may likewise be
formed, by joining the preter participle passive, to
the auxiliary bi; as, ta me buailte, I am struck;
/ bhi me buailte, Ixvasstrucky &c.
To express continuance, the present participle
having ag ox ga with a possessive pronoun pre-
fixed, is' joined to the verb bi : as, ta me ga mo
Bualad, i am in striking; Bi me ga mo bualad,
I was in striking.
REFLECTED VERBS. (64)
Conjugation of Codail^ sleep.
mPERATIVE MOOD,
Affirmative.
Singular Plural
1 -\ C^ Codlamoid, bimid nargtod-
2 Codail^ bi do chodladh^ sleep i \ ladh, let us sleep
thou f < ^ Codlaighe, bigidhe or bidh
3 Codlaidh se, bi se na chod- /" j sibh bhur gcodladh, sleep yc
ladh>7e^ him sleep \ f ^ Codlaidh siad^ biodli siad na
J V. gcodladh, let them sleep, {95)
Imperative Negatix'e, na codail, or^ na bi do
iodlad, 3e:c, sleep not thou, &c.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Affirmative. Negative.
A chodladh, to sleep . gau a chodladh, not to sleep
rARTIClPkES.
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ETYMOLOGY*
59
Present
A chodiadh, sleeping
PARXrCIPLES.
Prefer
lar gcodbdh^
htivitig slept
Future
Ar ti chodladh
about to sleep
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense. Affirnuitixe.
Piiual
' 1 Codlaiiioid, tjimoid nar gcod-
iadh, v:e sleep
I 2 Codlain sibh, ta sibh bhur
gcodladh,5^ff sleep
3 -Codlain siad, ta siad nagcod^
ladh, thty' sleep
Singular
1 Codlaimt ,ta me tno chgd-"
ladh, i sleep
2 Codlain tu, ta tu do chod-
ladh, thou sleepest
$ Codlain se, ta se na chod- I
ladh, ta si na codladh, he or
she sleeps
Present Negative, Ni codlaim, iiiel me ma cod-
la'd, / do not sleepy I am nat asleep.
Present Interrogative^ A gcodlaim? bfuil me
codlad? do I sleep? am I asleep? (66)
Preter Tense. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
1 Chodailme, bhimeraochod-'N /^r Chodail sinn, bhi sin n nar
ladh, [slept, or / was asleep i V gcodladh', w, 8cc,
2 Chodail tu, bhi tu do chod-f y 2 Chmlail sibh, bhi sibh bhur
ladh, Mott, &c. ?'j gcodladh,5re, &.C.
3 Chodail se, bhi se na chod- \ f 3 Chodail siad, bhi siad na
ladh, he, &c. J ^ gcodladh, they, &c.
Preter Negative, Niar codail me, ni raibli me
mo codlad, / did not Jeep,. &c.
Preter Interrogative, Nar codail me? an raiU
me mo codlad? did I sleep? &c.
Future lense. Affirmative.
Singular
1 Coideolam, beidh me
chodladh, / tvill sleep
2 Coideola tu; beidh tu
chodladh, thou wilt sleep
$ Coideola se, beidh se
chodladh, he will sleep
1 2
Plural
Coideola sirm, beidh sinn nar
gcodladh, ive will sleep
Coideola sibh, , beidh sibh
bhur gcodladh, ye will sleep
Coideola siad, beidh siad na
gcodladh, thf*i/ will sleep
Future
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6Q KTYMaLOGY.
Future Negative^ Ni coidcalfad, or ni coidcola
me, or ni Biam mo codlad, / zvill tiot sleep. (6?)
Future Interrogative^ An gcoideola? or an
mbeid me mo codlad? shall I sleep?
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present Tense. Jffii'matite.
Singular Plural
1 Ma ta me mo <;hodladh, if^ ^ 1 Ma tamoid nar gcodladl>, if
I be asleep # \ ' ^^ ^^ asleep
2 Ma ta tu do chodladh, (f f / 2 Ma ta sibh bhur gcodladh,
thou be asleep ^ "S if ye be asleep
h
3 Ma ta se na chodladh, if he \f ^ Ma ta siad ua gcodladh, if
be asleep J v. they be asleep
Present Negativey Muna bfuil me mo codlad,
if I be not asleep.
Preter Tense. Affirmative. *
Singular .
1 Da mbiainn mo codlad, kc if I had been asleep^
&c.
Preter Negative, Muna be go raiB me mo Cod-
lad, if I had not been asleep.
Future Tense. Affirmative.
Singular PIqral
1 Ma bhiam mo chodladh, if^ rX Ma bhioim sinn nar gcod-
/ shall be asleep i \ ladh, {five shall be asleep
2 Ma bhionn tu do chodladh, \J2 Ma bhionn sibh bhur gcod-
ifthon shall be asleep Cj ladh, if ye shall be asleep
iji
3 Ma bhionn se na chodladh^ | (^ Ma bhionn siad na gco(Uadh>
if he^shall be asleep ^ ^ if they shall be asleep
Future Negativey Muna nibeid me mo codladj
if I shall not be asleep.
OPTATIVE
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ETYMOLOGY. 6l
OPTATIVE MOOD.
Present and Future Tenses. Affirmative.
Singular Plural
1 Go raibh me mo chodladh,-^ /^\ Goraibh sinii nar gcodladh,
may I sleep M \ inay we ^sleep
2 Go raibh tu do chodladh,f 7 2 Go raibh sibb bhur gcod-
mayest thou sleep /" j ladh, may ye sleep
3 Go raibh se na chodladh, V / 3 Go jraibh siad na gcodladh,
may he Sleep J V may they sleep
Present and Future Negative. Nar raib me
mo co'dla'd, may I not sleep.
Preter Affirmative. Bfeanr liom go raib jne
hio codlad, / wish I had been asleep.
Preter Negative. Bfearr liom nac raib nie uio
codlad, / wish I had not been asleep. (6S)
FORMATION
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62 ETYMOLOGr.
FORMATION
OF THE
MOODS AND TENSES.
ACTIVE VOICE.
Every regular Verb has six principal parts, in
the active voice, from which all the moods, and
tenses are formed: viz. (69)
1. The imperative; as, buail, strike; crom,
bend.
2. The infinitive, usually formed by adding ad,
to the imperative, if the last vowel is broad; ead,
if small; as, do Buailead, or do Bualad, to strike;
do cromad, to bend. (70)
3. The present, formed by adding im, or am,
to the imperative; as, buailim, I strike; cromam,
I bend.
4. The preter, formed by adding as, is, or eas,
to the imperative; as, do buaileas, / struck; do
crqmas, / bent,
5. The future, formed by adding ad, ead, or
id; fad, feiid, or fid, to the imperative ; as, buail-
fead, I win strike; cromfad, I will bend. (71)
6 The consuetudinal, subjunctive, formed by
adding fann, fuinn, or finn, to the imperative; as,
da mbuailfiinn, had I struck; da gcromfuinn, had
I bent. (72)
Regular
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ETYMOLOGY.
63
Regular verbs are therefore conjugated through
the primary tenses active, in this manner;
Buail, do Bualad, buailimj do Buaileas, buail-
fead, da mbuailfinn, strike.
Bris, do brisead, brisim, do briseas, brisfead^
da mbrisfinn, break.
Cas, do casad, casam, do casas, casfad, da
gcasfuinn, tzvist.
Ceap, do ceapad, ceapam, do ceapas, ceapfad,
da gceapfuinn, shape, or fit.
Agall, d' agallaH, agallam, d' agallas, agallfad,
da nagallfutnn, accost.
Baist, do baistead, baistim, do baisteas, baist*
fead, da mbaistfinn, baptize.
Arduig, dVardugad, arduigim, d' arduigeas, air-
deocfad, da nairdeocfuinn, raise.
Crumnig, do cruinniugad, cruinnigim, do cruin-
nigeas, cruinneocfad, do gcruinncocfuinn, gather^
In this manner conjugate,
adair, d' adrad, adore fag,— Tagad, leave
airim,— airiihead, reckon
bog,— bogad, rock
bat,— ba tad, drown
blais,— blaisead, taste
brug,— brugad, bruise
biog,— biagad, stir up
. buaidir, -buaidread, trou-
ble
coraig,— corugad, stir
c^as,— c^asad, torment
cior,— ciora^, co7nb
claon,— claonad, lament
druid,— druidead, shut
ditn,— dunad, make fast
duisg,— duisgead, awaken
ding,— dingead, drive
dog,— dpg^, burn
^ult,— diultad, refuse
fill,— fillead, return
fosgal,— fosglad, open
freagar. -freagrad, answer
gearr,— gearrad, cut
fuirig,— fuireac,
glac,— glacad, take
gl^n,-*-glinad, clean
gleas,— gleasad, '
goraig,— gorad, zcanji
greamuig, — greamugad,
fasten
iarr, - iarraig, search or ask
ias,— lasad, burn
lom,-k)mad, make thin
or bare
Hon,— lionad, Jill
leag,— leagad, lay down
leag,— leagad, read
meall,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
64
E^YUQLO^Y,
marb,— mrfeo^, kill
V^^r'ji^^^&9id, mix
mill,— millead, spoil
i»,q1, --roola*^, . jJiWif^e
ihinigj-rhiniuga'd, explain
Bo,ct,.-^octa*4 strip
6ng,— onga'd, anoint
oydaig,'^ordAigea"d, ord^
osgaoil,— osgaoilead, ope^
|)leaiig,--pleasgad, hurst
pog,— pogad, kiss
Bos,-'po8a*(5, marry
pronir,— pionnad, bestow ,
pliic,— plucad, smother
preab,— preahad, kick
re^^rb^^-reubaU, te^r
r€i4r^vd'de^49 settle
rol,— rolad, roll
rusg,— rusgad, semrge
sgab,— sgabad, seatter
sat,— satad, ^tab
saor,—saorad, deliver
sgj^^il, rsamalad, compare
J5eaa!g,-4eargfl4 mthcr
seki,--^ieideii'd, Uqw
^meid,— sineideail, ieckam
mur-^es^^ihy stand
slug,^$lttgad, mmiimo
3giob,— sgipfead, lop
sil,— silea'd, ^hed
«in,r-$iiae^, stretch
^ini^-agini>ead, gmh
siob,— iiobad, dr^t
slaodar,— slaodarad, drag
smuaiu,— sjnuaineati, con-
sider
sgaiit,— sgairtead, caU
sgailt,— sgaikead, -5jd/zV
sguab,— sgiiabad, sweep
^g*&--sgagad, digest
sgriob, - sgriobad, scratch
sgi4ol>,— sgriobad, write
sgaQil,-^gaoilead, loose
sparr^T-'Sparrad, nail
Bgeitj-sgeitead, >
sgat,-^tad, 3
> scatter.
Many vtxh^ have tlie infinitive and imperative
alike ; and in some the imperative can only be dis-
tinguished from the infinitive,;. hy having: a small
vowel in the termination. In all other parts they
are conjugated regularly; as, (7,3) v_
)3ioi, do diol, diolam, do dio|igL3, diolfacl, da
ndiolfuinn, self br pay.
Cuhy do cur, cuirim, <^o. cuirep, cuirifead, da
gcuii-finn,' ^enrf or pw?. . - . :,
The following is a ti^t df the n^ost usiiaL
bruit, A6hnv\t, h&il • 'iairis,^airi8, -^c// •
aihiiire,^-^irija)V, look ucrinn,— crinn, g-^aw
cosg,— coiig^ quell \%\\x\'i^m\ suck
eag,
9
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOGT.
65
eapj,"eag, die
eirig,7-eiiig, arise
ealo,— ealo, dope
iomdar,— iomcar, earr^
foglam,- foglam, learn
glaoid,— glaod, call
goin,— gon, wound
guid,— guid, 6' teal
gtiid,— guide, pray
iompo,— iompo, turn
guil,-gul, cry
ioc,— ioc, p<ii/
jt,-f-ite, eat ^
luid,— luide, //e?
nig,— nige, wash
nieas,— riieas, esteem
olj— ol, drink
rainti,— rainn, divide
rinc,— rinc, dance
rad,— rad, deliver
reic,— reic, sell
riar,— riar, satisfy
slad,— slad, rob
sgar," sgar, separate
stad,— stad, stqp
said,— suide, sit
sniom,— siiioih, spi?i
sug,— suga. suck
siubal,— siubal, walk
tiomain,— tidman, djivc
toirmesg, — toirmeasg,
forbid
tocuis,— tocus, scratch
sgrios,-rSgrios, destroy
These form the infinitive in /, viz.
admuig, d' admail, con-
fess
bac,^-bacail, hinder •
cas,— casihail, 1.
_ • . I / turn
or casaa,^
carnn,— carnail, /r€^
cuinnig,--cuinmeal, keep
congaib,— congbail, hold
creid,-- creidriieal, believe
fag,— fagbail, leave
fuaid,— fuaideal, sew
gab,— gabail, take
lasg,— lasgail, xvhip
tog,-togbail, lift
treig, — treigiheal, forsake
tuig, — tuigbeal, under-
stand <
The follouring have the infinitive in t; viz.
bagar, do bagairt,
threaten ;
bain,— baint, meddle
can,— caint, or canarh-
uint, sing, or tell
cosan,— cosaint, defend j
ceil,— ceilt, conceal
dibir,— dibirt, banish
cigil,— cig-ilt, tickle
inill,— inillt, eat grass
iniir,— imirt, play a game
labair,— labairt, speak
casgar,— casgajrt, cut up ' nieil,-^riaeilt, grind
cogail,— coigilt, spare ] niiisgal, — inSsgailt, a-
cuimil,— cuiniilt, rub 1 waken ^
K jft ionoll,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
66
ETYMOLOGY.
ionollj-ionlat, wash 'teilg,-teilgin, orteilginf,
seacan,— seacaint, ^Aw/j j tast
leig,— leigin, or leigint, rit,— ritint, nm
permit lean, — leanmuint, foUozi^
sgal>— sgarmuin/ or sgar- tan,— fanmuint, stay
ihiiint, separate
feuc,— feucaint, behold
feic,— feicsint, see
The following cannot be reduced to ^ny general
rule; viz.
ail, d'aileaihuin, nourish
blig,— bliagan, milk
geall, — geallaihuin, pro-
inise
inuis,— innse, tell
eist— eisteact, hear ,
imtig,— imteact, go
gair,— gairm, call
seas,— seasam, statid *
sinn,— sinim, play music
gluas, — gluasacd, move.
(74)
PASSIVE VOICE.
\
/ (
Every regular verb has five principal parts, m
the passive voice, viz.
1. The participle, formed by adding ta^ or te
to the imperative, active; as, buail, strike, buailte,
struck; cas, twist, casta, twisted.
2. The imperative, and the present, formed by ,
adding tar, or tear to the imperative; as, buail-
tear, be struck, or / am struck; castar, / am
twisted. .
3. The pieter, formed by adding ad or cad
to the imperative active; as, do buailead, / was
a truck; do casad, I zvas tzvisted. ^
4. The future, formed by adding ar or ear, far
ox fear to the imperative active; as, buailfear, /
fS hall be 'struck; casfar, I will be twisted.
5. The preter subjunctive^ formed by adding
faoidh^ or Jidh to the imperative active; as, da
mbuaillld, if I had heai struck; da gcasfaoi'd^ if
I had been lumted.
Regulai'
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOGY. 67
Regular verbs are therefore conjugated thorough
the primary tenses passive, in this mariner.
Imperative, active, Baistj baiste, baistear, do
baistea'd, baistfear, da.mbaistiid, baptized.
BlaiSy blaiste, blaistear, do blaisead, blaisfear,
da mblaisfid, tasted.
Brughy bruigte, brugtar, do brugad, brugfar, da
i^brugfaoid, bruised.
Cronij crpm'taoid*, xrromtar, do cromad, crom-
far, da gcromfaoid, bent. ( )
Dioly diolta, dioltar, do diolad, diolfar, da
ndiolfaoid, sold.
Nighj nigte, nigtar, do nigead, nigfear, da nigh-
faoid, zva^hed.
Tiomain^ tiomanta*, tiomantar, do tiomanad^
tiomanfar, da dtiojnanfaoid, drive?i. ( )
Ceily ceilte, ceiltear, do ceilea*d, ceiltear, da
gceilfaoid, concealed.
Cany canta, can tar, do canad, canfar, da gcan-
faoid, sung or said.
Treigy treigte or treigtid, treigtear*, do treig^
ead, trcigfear, da dtreigfaoid, /br^aAr^w. ( )
Creidy creidte, creidtear, do creidead, creidfear,
da gcreidfid, believed.
Tuigy tuigte or tuigtid, tuigtear, do tuigead,
tuigfear, da dtuigfid, understood^ (75)
K 2 IRUEGULAR
.•
Digitized by VjOOQIC
^8 ETYMOLOGY,
IRREGULAR VERBS.
There are in Irish eight verbs, besides Jthe aux-
iliary bi, which are called irregular; as they bor-
row various parts from other verbs, partly obsolete.
The following table exhibits the primary word
of each mood and tense, from which the other
persons, &c. are formed, as in the regular verbs.
(76)
«
1. Dean, do. (77)
ACTIVE VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
Dean, do.
V INFINITIVE.
Do, or a 'deanam, to do.
PARTICIPLE.
Ag deanam, doing. .
INDICATIVE.
Pres. Aff. Nim, I do,
Neg. Niel me deanam, I do not.
Int. A ndeanam ? or a ndeann me ? do I?
Pret. Aff. Rinneas, rinne me, I did.
Neg. Ni dearnas, I did not.
Int. A ndearna me? did I?
Fut Aff. Dheanad, I will do.
Neg. Ni deanad, / will not do.
'- Int. A ndeanad ? shall I do ?
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Fut. Ma nim,
Aff. Ma deanam,
]ifIdo.
jPr^s,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ATYMOLOCY. €9
Pret AiF. Da ndcanuinn, if I hadtlone.
1 Neg. Muna be go ndeanuinn, if I had^ &c,
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Put. AiF. Go ndeanam. I wish I may do.
Neg. Nar "deanam, may I not do.
Pi^et. Bfearr liom go ndeannuinn, / wish I had
done.
PASSIVE VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
Dean tar, be made^ ov be done.
INFINITIVE.
Do, or a bei't deanta, to be done, or made^
PARTICIPLE.
Deanta, done^ or made.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. AfF. Deantar.ine, / am made.
Neg. Niel me ar mo deanam, / amy &c.
Int. Bhfuil me ga mo deanarii? am, I?
Pret. AfF. Do rinnead, I was made.
Neg. Niar dearnad, I was not made.
Int. Nar dearnad ? was I made ?
Put. AfF. deanta^ I mil be made.
— — Neg. Ni dean tar, I will not be made.
Int. A ndeacftaiv? shall I Remade?
su^jrnNpYiTE*
Pres,&FtttAfl^ Ma ndeantar, *) .v* rL j
Mamtear, i^f J be made.
Pres.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
70 ETYMOIOCY.
Pres. Neg. Muna ndeantar, > .j» »r ^. _ , .
^ Munanitear, ' ^if ^ ^e not mdde.
Pret Aff. Da ndeantaoid, > •/• r ^ ^ _ ^
Neg* Muna be go ndeantaoid, lif I ti^ere
Muna be go ndeanfaoid^ 3 not made.
dPTATIVE.
pres. & Put. Aff- Go ndeantar, may I be made. ^
^ — ^— Neg. Nar deantar, may I not be made.
jPret. Bfearr liom go ndeantar, / wish I hady Sec.
2. 'Abair, Sat/. (78)
ACTIVE VOICE.
IMPSBATIVE.
Abair, say.
INFINITIVE.
Do, or a rad„ /o say.
PARTICIPLE. ;
Ag rad, saying.
INMCATIVE.
Pres. Aff. Deirim, I say.
^ \ Neg. Ni abraim, / do not say.
•^ — — Int. An abraim? do I sayf
Pret Aff. Dubras, ^ ^^
DuBairt me, >
Neg. Niar dubras, I did not say,
— ^Int. Nar dubras? Ijj r o
Nardribairtme/r*''^*''-y*
Fut.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ETYMOLOpY. 71
1?ut. Aff. Dearaid, 7 r •#/
Dearame, r»'^'^*«-y-
Neg. Ni habraim, 7 7. n ^ *
. Int An dearaid ? 7 r 77 r «
Andearame?r*'^''^^''-yV
SUBJVNCTlVEi
Pres. & Fut. Ma deirim, 7 ... |.
Aff. Ma habraim, >^ ^ ^''•5^-
Neer. Muna deirim, 1 r 7 j
. Muna nabr^im, K ^ ^'' "''^ ^^i'-
Pret AiF. Da ndearuinn, ? ./» r -j
Danabminn, J/^ ^^^^-
Neg. Muna be go ndearuinn, lif I had not
Muna be go nabruinn, y said.
OPTATIVE.
Pres, & Fut Aff Go ndeirim, 7 ^
Gonabraim,i^^^^^i^-
Neg. Na habraim, may I not say.
Pret Bfearr liom go ndearuinn, ) ^ . , ^
Bfearr liom go nabruinn, ^^a^^A JwMjy^oy.
3. Tabair, give, or bring. (79)
♦
ACTIVE VOICE.
XMVEtiATlVE.
TaBair, give.
INFINITIVE.
Do, or a Brei't, to brings
Do, or a tabairt, /o ^rir^.
PARTICIPLE;
Digitized by VjOOQIC
72 ETYMOLOGY.
PARTICIPLE.
Ag hreit, bringtngy &c.
INDICATIVE.
Pret. AfF/ Beirim, I bring, or give.
Neg. Ni beirim, / do not bring.
Int. An beirim? do I bring ?
PretAff. tugas, \j;^^^^
tug me, 3^^^^^;
Neg. Niar tugas, &c. / did not give.
— '^— nint. a d tugas? &c. did I give?
Fut. Aff. Bearfaid, 1 r n •
— — Neg. Ni bearaid, 1 r -u ^ •
NibearaAieJ-^^^^'"'''^'*^^-
Int. A dtiobraid? 7 7 ,, r • ^
SUBJUNCTIVE*
Pres. & Fut. Ma beirim, 7 -^ t -^
Aff. Matugam,F ^5^^^^-
--r — Neg. Muna beirim, 7 -r r ^ ^ •
Munadtugam,F^'^«'''^"^<^-
Pret. Aff. Da mbearuinn, 7 r r
Padtuguinn, JJ^^^«'^-
Neg. Muna be go mbearuinn, "1
Muna be go dtuguinn, >if^ &c.
Muna be go dtiobruinn, j
' OPTATIVE.
Pres, & Fut. Go mbearam, 7 r •
Aff. Godtugam, j^^^^^^-
Neg. Nar bearam, 7 r ^ • ^
Pret,
Digitized by VjO^OQ IC
ETYMOIiOG\V 73
Pret. Bfearr lionvgo labearuinn, ^ ' ^
Bfearr Horn go dtuguinn, > I wish, &c,
Bfearr liom;'go 4tipbrumn, j
i .' ' '
PASSIVE VOjlCE.
. IMPERATIVE.
] Bmtar, «<> tugar, be gken.
INFINITIVE.
. Do, or a Beit beifta, to be given, or brought. ^
PARTICIPLE.
Beaiija, given, or brought. (80)
i INDICATIVE.
Pres. AfF. Bezri^r me, I am given, &d.
Neg. Niel^ie gainobreit, ] j am riot given.
Niel me ga mo tabairt, 3 ^
Int. Bhfuil me ga mab>eit? l^mlnotgiven?
Bhfuil me ga mo tabairt r > ^
Pret. Aff. Do tuga'd, I xvas given.
Neg. Niar tiig^, / was not given.
Int. Nar tuga'd, was I given?
Put, Aff. Beartar, l^^gj^i j,^ gi^en.
tugar, S
Neg. Ni beartar, 1 j ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^ -^^^^
Ni tugar, jt
Int. An mbeartar?V^^;^j^ .^^^^
Adtugarr. >
SUBJUNOTIVE.
Pres. & Put. Aff. Ma tugar, 1.. j ^^ .^^^^
Ma beartar, i^ ^
pres.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
74 B*YMfrtd«t.
Pres. & Fut. Negl MUna dtti«ir, > ;
Mutia dtkSl-ar, > if I be not^ &c.
Mun& Beartiaf, j' * ^
Pret AfF. Da dtugfaoi'd, > , _
Da dtiobarfaoidj >g^ Ixotre given.
Da nibearfaoid, 3
Neg. Muna be ^o dtugfaoid, ^ .^ ^
Mufia b^ go dtioliarfaoi<i!, J^ ^.^^^
Muna be go mbearfaoid, ) ^^^' ^^•
- ■ . . . I/: / :
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Fut. AiF. Go dtugar, 7_ ^,
Neg. Nar. tugar, > t \ o
. NarlSeartkt/i^'^'?^^^
Pret Bfearr liom go dtiigfeioid, i '^
Bfearr liom go dtiobarfaoid, >/ w«VA, &c.
Bfearr liom go mbearfabid, 3^
4. Tarr, Come. {^\)^ ^
IMPERATIVE* ^
Tarr, come.
iNfiNITIVK.
Do, or a teacht, to corne^
PARTICIPLE.
Ag teacht, coming.
INPICATIVE.
pres. Aff. Tigim, I come.
-'— Neg. Ni tigim, / do not come.
Int. Adtigim? do I come?
Pret.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Pret AfF. '^n^^. .7^,^^,; :'
Neg. l^iar taingeas, &c. / did not, &c.
^ Imt. A dtaiijgeas? tec. did I come?
Fut. Aff. Tiocfad, ■) , „ .,. ^^„,,
Neg. Ni tigim, / a;/// not cme,
Int. A dtiocfad? l^Ur.ii r ^^^^^
A u- c^ ^- \shaU 4 come?
I SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Fut. Aff. Ma tigim, if J (;oni§.
— —Neg. MuQa dtigTiD, if l do not come.
Pret. Aff. Da dtiocfuinn, if I had come.
Neg. Muna be go dtiocftiinn, lif I had not
Muna be go dtainic, 3 ^^^* (&?)
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & fHiL Aff: Go dtiocfam, may I come.
Neg. Nar tigim, may I not come.
Prtt. Bfearr Horn go dtiocfuinn, I'ubi^h I had^ &c.
5. Te, go. (83)
' \IiCP)EHATIV£.
Te, go.
INFINITIVE,
Do, or a *dul, to go.
PARTICIPLE.
Ag dul, going.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. Aff. Teadam, / go..
Prea,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
•^6 EtyttOLOGt.
Pres. Neg. Ni'teaiiam, Idomt go.
Int. Bhftiilmeagdul? rfo/go?
PretAfF. Ctoia"^, . ■}j^^„f^ ■ '-
Chuiaia me, >
Int. A dteacas ?</ȣ?'! iro?
Fut Aff. Racad, Ij ^^ig,;
Raca me, J ^
Neg. Ni teadam, I mil not go.
Int. An rafcad? L^^/; 7^,? .
An itca mer^ ^
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Fut. Ma teadain, r^ j a;o
Neg. Muna dteadam, ]i^ j ^^ ^^f g^^ ^
Muna racam, ,3
Pret Af£ Da r^Lcfuiim, if I had gone.
•: Neg. Muna be go ndeacas, \if ij^^^not gone.
Muna be go ractuinn, y ^
OPTATIVX-
Pres. & Fut. Go dteadam, y j
AfF. Go racam, y ^ ^
Neg. Nar teadain, may I not go.
Pret, Bfearr liom go titleacuinn, y^Iwish I had
Bfearr lioig go racfuinn, 3 ' gpnc.
6. Fagh,
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ETYMOLOGY. Tt
y ^
is. Fagh,/«rf. (84)
ACTIVE VO]^CE.
IMPERATIVE,
Tagh^Jind.
^ ' infinitive:.
I)''fagail, tojind^
PARTICIPLE.
Ag fagail, finding.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. Aff. Fagaim, ' I find.
Neg. Ni fagaiil), J </o not find.
Int. Bhfuil me fagail? do I find?
Neg. Ni f uaras, &c. / did notfinL
Int. Abfuaras? kc. did I find?
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Put. Ma "fagam, ^
Aff. Mafui^im, >iflfind.
Ma ge^bam,3
Neg. Muna IJfuigim, if I find nat^
Pret. Aff. Da Bfuiginn^ if I }i<id found.
Tret
Digitized by VjOOQ IC"
Pret.
Neg. iVf una be go Bfuiginn? 7 . /. r 7 jo
Munabego bfaguinn, yfll'od,^^.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Fut Aff. Go Bfagam, 7 ' ^ - ,
Neg. Nar Tagam, may I not find,
Pret Bfearr Horn go bfeguinn, 7 ^ • /. r j. ^ a. '
lifearr liom go Bfufguinn, Y ^^'^ ^ '^^' ^'
PASSIVE VOICE.
IMPERATIVE."
Fagair, be found.
PARTICIPJt^^. .
Vfti. Aff. .Fagar me, / amfourt4.
"^ Neg. Niel,i3ri?Jefag^]f, Imnnhtfduhd.
— Int. Bhfui] me le fagaH? am I found?
Pret. Aff. Ifuaras, I was found.
Nepi Ni Kfuitras, /«ir;<r^ not found. ^
^^lut. A iSfuaras? Waf^ t fmind?
Fut. Aff. Gbeabar, I ^shall he found.
Neg. Ni Bfuigear, 1 shall not ^e found.
-Int. Antf^jg^ir? shall I b^ found?
SUBJUNCTIVE. '
Pres. & Fut. Ma -fagar, ) •/. ^ , ^ ' ^"
Pres,
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Pres. Neg** Mwttk'bfuigdar, if ^t be not found^
Pret. AfF. Da bfuigifid, if 1 were found.
Neg. Muna bs go Bfoi^fiti, if I were not, &c,
Pres. & Fat; Aff, G6 Bfaga^, m«y I he found.
Neg. Nar fagar, may^ 1 7wt be found. . ,^
Pret. Mafi^ libiii go Bfuigfitl, /«^/>A I were founds
. 7>. I^ifc, ,^arc, : w ajth^rc, See. ($6): t;;!
IMPERATIVE.
Feuc; ^^tt,' no aniWc,^^^e.
iNJFlVltlVI:.
b'amharc, to see.
Ag dearcaint, no feacaint, "^
Ag araharc, no faicsin, ^^^^^^.S
INDICATIVE.
Pres. AfF. Cim, Isee.;^
Neg. Ni faicim, I do not see.
Int. A bfaicim? do I see? - *-
Pret. Aff. Chonnairc me, I saza. ,. * -
Neg. Ni fecis, ' > r ^-^ ^, .
Int. ABfacas? 7^-^ r ^^ ' '
^""'•^^'f^^f'^l shall sec. . '■"---
■ cite me^ 3 ,.....,,. .i ,l -.
-•-• ' Fut.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
aO EXyMOLOGT.
• Fut Neg. Ni cifeadj &c. / shMni^ sec.
Int. Anbfaicim? shall I see?
SUBJUNCTIVE. ,
Pres. & Fut. Ma cim, > . /. j
AtF. Mafaicifti,r^^^-
Neg. Munacim, &c. if I do not set.
■* ■
Pret AfF. Da bfaicfiiinn, ijil had seeii.
^^ — Neg. Muna be go bfaicfuiaij, if I had not ^ &c.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Fut. Aff. Go^bfaicim, m^ry I see.
^ Neg. Nar faicim, ma^ I not see.
Pret Bfearr liom go Itfaicfuinn, itcish I had seat.
PASSIVE ATOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
Feuctar, m citear, be seen^
INFIltlTIVE. (87)
PARTICIPLE.
INDICATIVE. ^ J
Prcs. Aff. Faicear,"! ^
ciar, * ^I am seen.
citear, j
Neg. Nicl me le faicsin, / am not seen.
Int. An bfaicear^^^ A am I seen?
bfuil me le faicsin ? 3
Pret. Aff. Do fac^s, I was seen.
Neg. Nifacas, I was not seen,
- — Int. An bfacas? was I seen?
put.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
ETYMOLOGY. 81
Fut Aif. Faicear, I shall be seen.
Neg. Ni Taicear, I shall not be seen.
Int. A bfaicear? shall I be seen?
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Fut. Ma citear, , . , , ^
AfF. Ma faicear J^^*^
• Neg. Muna citear, Sic. if I be not seen.
Pret, AiF. Da bfelcfid, if I were seen.
— r- Neg. Muna be go bfaicfiil, if I were not seen.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Fut AfF. Go bfaicfiar, may I be seen.
Neg. Nar faicfiar, may I not be seen..
Pret. Bfearrliom go bfaicfid, Izvish Imay^ &c.
8. Cluin, Hear. (88)
ACTIVE VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
Cluin, hear.
INFINITIVE.
Do, or a cloistin, to hear.
PARTICIPH;.
Ag cloistin, hearing.
INDICATIVE.
Pres, AfF. Cluinlm, I hear.
Neg. Ni cUiinim, / do not hear.
Int. A gcluinim? do I hearf
^ M ^ Pr«t
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\
8^ ETYMOLOGY.
Neg. Ni cualas, 1 t j-j ^ t
xr • 1 >I did not hear,
Ni cuala me, y
Int. Agcualas? yijjf,ear?
A gcuala ine?3
Fut. AfF. Cluinfead, 7 r -n l
r^i ' r^ iltvtll hear.
Cluinte me, S
Neg. Ni cluinfead, &c. / will not hear.
Int. A gduinfead? &c. shall I hear.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres* & Fut. AfF. Ma cluinim, if I hear.
— — Neg'. Muna gcluinim, if I do not hear.
Pret. AfF. Da gcluinfinn, if I had heard.
Neg. Muna be go gcluinfinn, iflhad^ &c.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. & Fut. AfF. Go gcluinim, may I hear.
— Neg. Nar cluinim, may I not hear.
Pret, Bfearr liom go gcluinfinn, I wish I may hear.
PASSIVE VOICE.
IMPERATIVE.
Cluintear, be heard.
INFINITIVE.
Do, or a Beit cluinte, to be heard.
PARTICIPLE.
Cluinte, heard.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. AfF. Cluintear, I am heard.
Neg. Ni cluintear, I am not heard.
Int. A gcluintear? dm I heafdf
• ' .. Pret.
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ET.YMOLOGT.
Pret Affy Chualas, livasheard.
83
Neg. Neg. Niar cualas? I was not heard.
Int. Nar cualas? was I heard?
Fut. Aff. Cluinfear, I shall be heard.
Neg, Ni cluinfear, I shall not be heard.
Int. A gcluinfear? shall I be heard?
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. & Fut Ma cluinear, \if t Up
AiF. "Ma duintear, S
heard.
Neg. Muna gcluinear, &c. if I be npt^ &a
Pret. Atf- Da gcluinfid, if I be hen^^. "
Neg. Muna be go gcluinfi'd, if I be not, &c.
OPTATIVE,
Pres. fe^Firt. Go gcluinear, 7 r l t, j
Aff. Go Icluintea;, l^^ I ^^ heard.
' — ^ — Neg. Nar cluinear, 7 r ^ i r j ^
Pret. Bfearr liom go gcluinfid, Iwishlhad, &c.
ADVERB.
Adverbs are used to denote,
Time; as,
Anois, now
*arls, again
ariara, riaih, ever
acoidce, ever
fos, yet
roiihe, before
S^^'*V ] until.
go nuige, S
feasda, henceforth
sior, perpetually
annaro, seldom
Place.
Suas, upwards
aios, downwards
abos, on this side
tall, on the other side ^
M 2 ^ abfad
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64
Etymology,
abfad, afar
angar, close to
amac, amuig, ow/, a;iVA-
out
asteac, astig, tUy within
Mannct.
Mar, mur, as
cionas? how?
ni, nac, not
sea'd, it is so -
ro, *oerj/
amlaigy in like manner
iomoro, moreover
Adt'crbial expressions are formed, by prefixing go
to adjectives; as (89)
Jdjectives.
Bcact, nice
borb, harsh
ccart, right
cealgac, deceitful
d61asac, mour?iful
mnit, good
Adverbial expressions.
go beact, nicely
go borb, harshly
go ceart, rightly
go cealgac, deceitfully
go d61asac, mournfully
go mai't, well
Adverbs, formed thus from adjectives, are com-
pared a3 the adjectives themselves; as,
From mait, good: Pos. go mait, well; Comp.
nios fearr, better; Sup. ro mait; very good, as
fearr, best.
From laidir, strong: Pos. ga laidir, strongly;
Comp. nios laidre^ more strongly; Sup. ro laidir,
very strongly, as laidre, most strongly.
There are many adverbial expressions, formed
by the combination of two or more words; as, (^QO)
From ag, at.
.So, this (place,) ag so, here
sin, that (place,) ag sin, there
Slid, yon (place,) ag sud, yonder
citmas, quietness, ag ciunas, quietly
From
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^1^.
ETYMOXOGY* 85'
From ann^ in.
tall, farther side^ an all, gver
fad, longy an fad, whilst
so, this (place,) an so, here
noct, nighty anoct, at^ or fw ;?f^&/
From air, upon.
cul, 6/zcAr, ar gcul, backwards
leit, ^irfe, air lei't, by turns
uaire, Aowr^, ar uaire, > _ ,*
ar uairib. ]^omtimes
bit, ^ci/2^, air bit, at all
dgin, necessity y air eigin, hardly
From an, Me, aon, o«^.
tarn, 3 an tarn, y
uair, Aoz^r, aon uair, once
cead ait, ^r^^ j>/ace, &c* an cead ait, Jirjst^ &a
,From car what?
uair, hour^ ca huair? when?
ait, p//zc^ cait? where?
c mur, iV «^ flf^, ca de ^^^^^^Uq^ ^
go demur? 3
From gan, without.
fios, knowledge^ gan f ios, secretly
eifeact, effect^ gan eifeact, ineffectually
From mar,^ o^,
^o, thiSy mJir so^ jo, /7J this
sin, f Aa^^ mar sin, thus, as that
ceadna, same, mar an gceadna, likewise
Ttom- OS, above.
ceann^ heady os ceann, above
ard,
[
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ea,
86 ETYMOLOGr*
ard, highy os ard, loudly^ publicly
isiol, loiVy OS isiol, softly, privately
From ti, to.
go dti, until \ go dti so, hitherto
ADVERBIAL PARTICLES. (9l)
The following particles are used only in compo-
sition.
am, ^ deoin, willing, aim'4eoin, unwilling
an, I trat, time, antrat, untimely
do, I - miMnte, ttuight, domuinte, hard $o be
I ^ taught
^h L ^ " creidte, believed, dicreidte, incredible
p^ r g. - slan, healthful, easlan, sick
p - cai ideas, friendship, eascaird^s, en-
mity
mi, - - - ciall, sense, miciall, folly
neam, J claon, partial, neamclaon, impartial
!!!v / I ' ^^^^^^' ^^^^ uirlsioU, very humble
an, f §• - m6r, great, anm^r, xtcpff great
iom,3 n^ '\kn,^Jull, ioml^n, very full
ais, ')cS. - sealba, possession, aisealBa, restitution
at, 3 I* - gabail, taking, atgaBail, retaking
cdrh, equal, trom, weight, corfitrom, equal weight
in, jit, deanta, done, indeanta, fit to be done
so, apt, faicsin, seeing, sofaicsin, ft, or easy to be
done
The following partides.are used with verbs.
Db, Isigns of the. d(>Buaileaci, > ..
a, 3 infinitive, a buailead, j ^^ ^^^ ^'^^
^o? ^> ^^ S'^» /i^w^ o/ the-present participle, ag,
a, or ga, bualad, beating
do,
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ETYMOLOGY. Sf
do, sign of the preter.^ do buaileas, I sfruek
iar, sign of the prete?^ participle, iar mbuala'd, kav-
ing struck
le, 1 signs of the future part iclpky le bualad, cr
ar ti, y ar ti bualad, about to strike
To these may be added, ma, if; muna, mur, if
not; da, if; go, that, &c. but these are more pro-
perly classed with conjunctions. (92)
PREPOSITION.
Tlie fcdlowing is a list of the most usual, and.
simple prepositions. (93)
Ag, at
air, upon
ann, in
as, out of
cum, to
cuige, to
dar, b^
^^y of
deis, fl/3fer
do, to
fa, wj&ow, fo, about
faoi, or fuid, under^ be-
neath
fead, throughout
fud, among
gan, without
go, gus, fo
iar, ^/er
idir, between
ionnsuid, ww^a
le, leis, Tit^i/A
mar, like to, as
o, ua, from
OS, ^^we
re, ris, to
reir, according to
roiriie, ^^ore
seaca, fey, m comparison
with
tar, ")
u. .'. >over
tains, 3
timcioU, about
tre, trid, through
um, uime, ^feox^^ (94)
Many relations are predicated, by the union of
nouns with the foregoing prepositions; as,
From. as:, at.
Tiis,
tosac,
'. ybeginni
*5>
ginning
ad tus, 7 . /> ^
ad tosac, S'^'f'"''*
cuinne^
I
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Googk
^CT W
88
cois, foot
cuinne, (95)
ceann^ he^
measgacJ, mixturt
taoB, side
ETYMOLOGY*
agaid, face
diaig,
fia'dnuis, presence
aircis, (96)
lam, A/zi2^
deiread, end
focair, (97)
cuinne, (98)
coihair, {99)
ceann, head
o^nn, head
mmwj back
§on, advantage
taob, side
€is, fl^/(5^
agcid, behind
agcois, alongside^ near t0
agcuinne, to^for
agceann, joined to, en^
gaged in
ameasg, amomg^ amongst
ad taob, concerning
From ann, in^
anagaid, against
indiaig, after
abfiadnuise, before^ in
presence
anaircis, to go to meet
alaim, in possession of
indeiread, qfteVj behind^
in the latter end
atifocair, convenient ta
From OS, above.
OS cuinne^ opposite, be-
fore
OS coihair, in sight, in
presence
OS ceann, above
From air, upon.
air ceann, at the end
airmuin, upon
air son, for sake of
From do, to.
do taoB, concerning
do dit, If or want of
d'easBuid,]; (100)
i
From tar, tifter.
tar eis, fater
CONJUNCTIONS
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ized by Google
ETYAIOiiOOY.
m
CpNJUNCTION.
The folio Wmg is a list of the most usual cpn
junctions.
COFUiATIVX.
Araon, both
oir, Jbr
fbs, ^et, also
mar, as
o, smccy because
sul, before that
uime^in^ wherefore
OS barr, moreover
go, gur, gurab, that
}'
mar so, as this, .^^^^
mar sin, as tkat^ y , *
mar an gceaclna, aUo
ain)aig sin, likewise
ar an abar sin, therefore
a ceann go, Xby reason y
do B.rig gur, > or, be-
ar son gur, 3 cause that
ionnas gur, so that (101)
DISJUNCTIVE.
acd, but
no, <?r, ;^or, ^iie, o/A^r-
wise
na, . f Atf«
ni, neither (102)
CONDITIONAL-.
t3io'd,- although ^
ge, though
gidead, although
nmiiZylif not, ^xcept^
mur, 3 unless
nac, wo, . a that
da, i^^>
mata, i/* ^o ie
ma sead, if so
° ^ I although it is
air eag^l go, Iforjear,
d' ^i^gal go, j/e^f, (103)
N
INTERJECTION.
1
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90
ETYMOLOGY.
INTERJECTION?.
In Irish, as in all other languages, there are
various exclamations, many of them inarticulate, .
used to express sudden emotions of the mind^
The following are a few of the most usual.
a, o
as truag \ wo !
faraor! alas!
uc! oh!
mairg! wo to!
monuar! alas!
ceinmear ! o happy !
eist! hush! (^104)
SYNTAX.
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STNtAX. 91
SYNTAX.
ARTICLE.
1. The article agrees with its substantive, in
gender, number, and case; as, an fear, the man;
na mna, of the zcoman.
2. For the influence of the article, in aspirating,
eclipsing, &c. the noun with whicli it is declined,
seepages, 30, 31, 32.
3. When two nouns come together, signifying
the same person or thing, that one only is eclipsed
or aspirated which is immediately joined with the
article; as, tig an Bratair Briain, the house of bro^
tker Brian.
4. When the article follows a particle ending in
a vowel, it loses a; as, o, froniy an, the; on,
from the; do an, to the; don.
5. When the article precedes a word beginning
with a consonant, the n is scarcely heard in speak-
ing; and in poetry it is sometimes altogether omit-
ted ; as, an tinne, commonly pronounced a tinne,
the fire. (105).
6. When the atticle precedes f, or feminine«
beginning with vowels, the n is often separated
from «, and prefixed to the following noun; as^
m\ fir, written and pronounced a nfir, of the man;
an uair, written and pronounced a nuair, the hour.
<I06) • .
7. When the article follows ann, in^ for better
sound, s is inserted between it and ann; as, ann sa
nuair, in the houY.
* This is frequently written san ; as, san dtir,
in the country. Or, omitting n^ it is written sa;
as, sa dtig, in the house.
N 2 8.' Although
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112 STVTAX.
8. Althojugh the primary use of the article be to
' 3peak definitively, as the in English, yet the use
of it does not exactly correspond to that of tbc
English afticle: for,
First, Wheil a person's state or office is ex-
pressed; or when this^ that, t/on, occur in En^- ,
iish, although the be not used, yet an is used in
Irish; as, is niait an fear corran *tu, you are a
good reaper; lainic an fearsa go Heirinn, this man
dmre to Ireiand.
The same may be observed after go de; as, go
de a nuair? what o'clock is it?
Sect^ndly, W^en tJte precedes a noun wbidi
governs another in the genitive, the article, in
Irish^ is used with tbc genitive only; as, ridirc an
locrann, the knight of the latnp; mac aa duine,
the son of man. (107)
But pro}>er nan)es admit no article; as, rig Ei-
rinn, the king of Ireland.
9. Ti>e Iri^h language has no article correspond-
ing to the English tf oian; but when the office,
or state of being is expressed, a p)3sses$ive pronoun
is used„ having ann expressed or understood be-
foi-e it; as, bi me (ann) mo saigideoir, I xvasa sol-
dier; i. e. / "Was in my soldier state. (108)
10. Present participles, which are also nouns
expressing a state of being, are used in the same
manner; as, ta sc (aim) na seasarii, he is standing;
i. e. he is in his standing state.
* Tlie preposition is almost entirely lost, except
with a, his, hers, its, th^ir; or, ar, our, with
which n only is used ; as, ta se na duine mait, he
is a good man; beid sinne nar daoine glice, tvc
shall be wise men; ta tu do teasam, you are standing.
Th6 use of the article exemplified promiscuously.
Si an tsuil solus an cuirp. The eye is the light of
^ the body.
TaBah" pog don tslait. Giv< a kiss to the rod.
Thug
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SYNTAX.
Thug na hoganaig cuir-
ea'd do na hamdrib.
Tiiug na haindre cuiread
do na hoganaib.
Ceol na naingeal.
Ceileabar na n^an.
Gair na naindear.
V)ik\l na ndeag-ban.
Luas na gcon.
Briatair nabfaid,
Fuaini na dtonn.
Grad ban og na tire.
Mac Tit an tsleibe.
Uimir cunla an aeir.
An macsa an 'fir sin.
An mian sin na- mban
og ud*
Si an ingeanse an Tir ud.
An eablacsa an rig ud na
noilean.
Ta sisi na cailin ihait.
Ta seisean na buacaill
mait.
Tamoidne nar ndaoinib
bocta.
Ta sibse bur ndaoinib
saidbie.
Ta siadsan na ndaoinib
mora.
Thainic me on tig.
jCa bfuil fear an tig?
Ta se sa ngairdin.
Tosac a nfogihair.
The youths invited the
damsels.
The damseis invited the
youths.
The music of the angels.
The warbling of the birds
The cry of the damsels.
The hop^ of the ladies.
The speed of the grey^
hounds.
The ward of the prophets.
The sound of the waves.
The love of the young
women of the country.
The son of the man of
the mountain.
The number of the fowls
of the air.
This, son of that man.
That desircof those young
women.
^Tis this daughter of that
man.
This fleet if yon king of
the isles.
She is a good girl.
He is a good boy.
We are poor men.
Ye are rich men.
They tfre great men.
I came from the housr.
JFhcre is the man of the
house ? -
He is in the garden. '
The begifining of harvest
.Dei read
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94
SYXTAX.
DeireacI an geimrid.
An teac agus an fearriin.
A gcluin tu fuaim a
ngota?
Ta me mo codla'd.
An bfuil Ui do sufde?
Bhi sisi na seiibiseac.
Ta se na seanduine.
Bei'd sinne nar seasam.
, Bin tu do seasam.
IJlii nie mo saigideoir.
Ihi^inic mac an dunie
ag ite agus ag ol.
C Imaid se astcac go tig
De.
Do tuit se on trea3 lota.
Lomfuid a nfeasog.
Do dmid . a nuair linn,
agus ata mac an duine
aga tabairt a lamaiB
na bpeaccic.
Slige a uf ir air a dtalam.
Maille le cuidead na
ngris.
Eiseirige na gcorp.
The end of the winter.
The house and land.
Do you hear the soz^nd
of' their voices?
I am asleep.
Are you sitting ?
She was a servant.
He is an old man.
IVe shall stand.
You were standing.
I was a soldier.
The son of man came eat-
ing and drinking.
He went into the house
of God.
He Jell from the third
story.
It shall consume the
beard. •
The hmir is at hand and
the son of man is deli-
vered into the hands
of sinners.
The way of a man on the
earth.
IVith the assistance of
grace.
The resui^rection of the
bodies.
NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE AND ADJECTIVE.
CONCORD,
1. Substantives signifying the same thing agree
in case; as, epistil Plxoil easbail, the epistle of
Paul the apostle.
* the
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SYNTAX. 95
* The latter substantive may be piit in the no-
minative case, though the former is in an ol)lique
one; but the article is then inserted; and some
word, spch as eadon, or is e sin, is understood ;
as, mac Joseip an saor, the son of Joseph the car-
penter. (109)
2. An adjective agrees with the substantive be-
fore it, in gerider, number, and case; as, an fir
gil, of the fair man; na mna gile, of the fair
woman; dona fearaib geala, to the fair men.
3. For the aspiration of adjectives joined with
nouns, see pages 36,. 37.
4* When two or n)ore substantives stre joined
to an adjective, the adjectix^e is commonly refer-
red to them separately; as, is geanamuil an fear
agus an Bean, the man and woman are lovely^
5. Adjectives of one syllable may be prefixed
to their substantives^ without undergoing any in-
flexion; fdrming, in this manner, compound
terms; as, dearg lasair, red fame; for lasair
'dearg.
* In this case, if the noun begins with a mu-
table consonant, that consonant is aspirated; a.%
oigfear, a young man.
6^ When the axljective is asserted of, or con-
cerning the nouuj^ntis placed before the noun,
and undergoes no.4nflexion; as, is glic an duine
sin, that man is wise. (110)
7. Substantives signifying the same pei^on or
thing, require theit- adjectives between them ; as,
an curaid croda Conlaoc, the taliant hero Conloch.
8. Many synonymous adjectives ai^ elegantly
joined to the same substantive; as, a ndaigniB
dorca dflnta, in darky close^ fastnesses.
9. When the adjective is connected, in mean-
ing and force, with the verb, it assumes an ad-
verbial form, and undergoes no inflexion; as* rinne
se an talam tirim, he made the earth dry. ( 11 J )
GOVERN^MrNT.
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9S syj^TAx.
GOVERNMENT.
StJBSTANTIVK.
JO. When two substantives come together, sig-
nifying different things, the latter is put in the
, genitive; as, mac na mna, the woman's son {WX)
11. The latter substantive is sometimes joined
with the former, as an adjective, making one
compound expression, but still inflected in the
genitive; as, fear corrain, a reaper.^
12. The active infinitive and participles govern
the genitive, as nouns; asj bi me dul a larraid
n^na, / was going to seek 'a rvife; iar leaga'd an
tsoisgeil, after reading the gospel,
* The object of the infinitive may come before
it, in the accusative; as, is mait an obair Dia do
rholad, it is good to praise God; Jor^ is mait an
obair mola'd l)e.
13. ^Vhen one substantive governs another in
the genitive plural, without the article being join*
ed with the genitive, the latter substantive may
be aspirated; as, fuil gabair, the Blood of goats.
(113) • . '
ADJECTIVE*
14. Adjectives signifying profit, proximity, fit-
ness, and their opposites, require the dative; as>
. is mait Unit, it is good for you.
15. Adjectives signifying dimension, require air
before the measure; as, tri troige air doidmeaed,
three feet deep,
16. Adjectives and nouns^ signifying a part of
any thing, require de an, or de na, of the^ (com-
monly written don, and dona,) with the ablative;
^s, gac rann don leabar, each part of the hook;
fear do na daoiniB, one of the inen; an fear is sini>e
do na bra,itiib, the elder of the brothers; an fear
is airde don triur, the highest of the three.
* But
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SYNTAX. 97
♦ But adjectives signifying fullness, and the like,
may have a genitive ; as, beata litn triobloide, a life
full of trouble; but^ l^i^don triobloid, Jkll of me
trouble. '
17. Adjectives signifying likeness, or an emotion
of the mind, require le with the ablative; as, is
cosmuil an duine le fear tuarastail, man it like an
hireling; bi siad go mait leat, they were good to
you ; cuaille com fada le craim, a pole as long as a
tree; bi cartanac liom, be friendly to me. (114)
18. The comparative 'degree requires jia or no^
thdn^ before the following noun ; as, is fearr Peadar
na Pol, Peter is better than Paul. (1 15)
The construction of Nouns Substantive and Adje^ r
tive promiscuously exemplified.
Is fiiar an la ^,
Ta an ihaidin fuar,
Is dorca an oldce 1,
fihfuil a cloc sin trom? '
Is trom a cloc i,
Dean deoc teit dam,
A ndearna tu an deoc
teit?
Ta cofe fritir agam,
Ta mo cos fiitir,
An pillid armac ainmneac
eolac ;
Deudgeal, dealbtac, me-
anmnac, treorac,
Is aluinn a ca'tair Lon-"i
diin, or, >
Is catair aluinn Londiinj
Hata dub, cujaig glas,
stocaig bana, agus
broga dearga,
Ta me s^t;a le mo cru|,
It is a cold day.
The morrting is cold.
It is a cold night.
Is that stone heavy f
It is a heavy stone.
Make a warfn drink for
me.
Did you make the drink
warm?
I have a sore foot.
My foot is sore.
The hero valiant, re^
nowned, and learned;
White tooth'd, graceful^
magnanimous, and ac"
tive.
London is a fine city.
A black hat, a green suit,
white stockings, and
red shoes.
I am satisfied with my
form,
Ni
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98 ilNTAX.
Ni fiu c dod inginse^ He is not worthy your
daughter.
Is mor ata se tugta don He is greatly given if
Toglainiy
Nil si air son a dadaih
tieanani)
iTa mt dul a ceannac
buloige,
3a mion Horn bulog a
,^ ceannacy
MCredim andiaatairuile-')
Creidim andia en ,ta-f
' tair uilecumactac, )
Do riHne Dia an talam
tirm,
Do rinne se an talam tinn.
Is aige Brian ata an lam
cruai'dy
learning.
She is not Jit to do any
thing*
I am going to buy a bul'*
lock.
Ixvonldxvish to buy a buU
lock.
I believe in GodtheFathcf
Almighty.
God made thddry land.
He made the land dry.
It is Brian thai has the
hard hand.
,Ta an laim crpaid le neart The hand is hard by the
oibre, force of zvorL
Is olc a 'faras br6g cu- III Jitteth a strait shoe t(t
maing air cois 'fritir,
^i br6g cumaiug an cos
fritir,
Bu ihitid duit deoc d'ol,
agus biad d'ite,
Nl mtan liom a bei't ag o]
dige, no 'git bid anois,
^ so tig matara,
a sore foot.
The strait shoe makes the
foot sore.
It xvere time for you ip
drink and eat.
I do not desire to drink
or eat now.
This is my fathei^'s house.
Agamarcalrihacnaoisna JLooking on the pastilles
mban^
Do ceannaig me comn
airgit,
Jleir . baramla na huile
daoine cuiniollac, ^
Is deise 1 ua T^a^mar na
riog.
of the women.
I bought a silver cupi
According to the opinion
all men of probity.
Jt is more beautiful than
Tara qf the kings.
Ni
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Ni taca tusa tcac na
Teaihra?
Cbuaid se cos lomnoct,
go haonac na Cairge,
Is glic na daoine ia'd. "^
Is daoine glioca iaci, f
Ta siad ina ndaoinibf"
glioca, 3
Is mianleite mil a cruin-
niugad.
Is mian leite Beit cruin-
niugad me^Ia,
,Ta ar n^iolla, is ar gcailin
fir ditciollac,
Ta matair, agus mo iha-
tairtinn,
Is ro deas a suile, a b^l
' s*a muineal,
Biann se na £oxiinaig
; idteac liior Tarsaing,
Is glan a bean tige i,
Ba ihait a Bean Aar-
gaWi,
Bhi si ina mnaoi ifaar
gaid ihait,
Bbadar ag ol dige, a^ ite
bid, agus ag posad ban,
go tti an la a ndeacaid
Naoi san arc,
Gan g^ir gadar no stoc,
Gan coimead cuan no
• cala gnat,
Seandircrlonag tarraing
cloc,
Ta se dul a ceannac brata,
Cbuaid an cailin amac a
" Bleag^n na mbo,
o
SYITTAX. 99
Vou havS nof sten the
home of Tara. *
He went barefooted tv the
fair of Carrick: • ,^
They are prudent peqpfe.
\
She desires to gather
honey.
She desires to be gathering
^ honey.
Our boy and girl are very
diligent.
My father and mother
are sick.
Her eyes^ mouthy and
neck are very pretty.
He dii^elts in a great eX"
tensive hoitse.
She is a clean housekeeper^
She was a good market
woihan^
They were eatings drinks
ingy and marjying^
until the day that
Noah entered the ark,
JVithout the sound of
hounds or horn.
Nor guarding coasts nor
harbours as usual.
A withered oldman drawT
ing stones.
He is going to buy malt.
The girl went out. to milk
the cows.
a m
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100
STUTTAX.
JBhi an eailm agtarruid na
bat a hlesLpm,
Ta an cailin ag iarripil
na mboy
Ta an giolla beag agiar-
raid na cloice ni6ire,
taangioUabeagagiar-
rai'd an cloc mdr i!td a
tegbai],
Taid ciocrac air gloir is
airsaidbrios,
Ta fiiad santac air bla
agus maoin saogalta,
Ta sin go mai't air ni
dgin,
Ta seisean air son ni air
, bit, .
Brat urlar s& slat^ air Tad,
agus trislata air leatad,
Teac mor tri fitcead t^roige
. air airde, agus a bu-
nait seact dtroige air
doimneact,
Xeabar da ordlac air tiu-
gact,
Ta an aman da Titcead
troige air dpimneact,
Is j[|oninaire na caoirig na
na mic tire, .
Tionina, u\ Dhonaill aird
easpoic Thuaim, no an
tard easboc,
Dul cimm bainse Cho*
naill an fir nua{>osda,
no an fear nuappsda,
%s doilig obair cosnniil
leis faiceal,
Is cosihuil e le caislean
^a craob ruaide,
The girl was seeking tm
milk the caws.
The girl is seeking the
cows.
The little boy is seekmg
the greflt stone.
The little boy is trying
to lift that great stone.
They are greedy of glory
and riches.
They are covetous of fame
and worldly wealth.
That is good for some*
thing.
He is ft for any thing.
A carpet six yards long^
and three yards broad.
A large house sixty feet
highy and itsfounda^
. tion seven feet deep.
A book two inches thick.
The river is forty feet
deep.
The sheep are more nume-^
rous than the wolves.
The will of ODonnel,
archbishop of Tuain.
Going to the wedding of
Connal the new mar^
ried man.
It i^ hard to see such m
work.
It is like the castle of the
red branch,
Ba
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»T»TAX-
101
Ba ihait liom Tagail,
An doilig leat siubal nlos
Taide?
Niar cait se moran bide,
Niar cait se raoran <Jon
mbiaci,
Bhi an comn I^n don
leann,
Bhi ann conin l^n
leanna,
Is fusa 'duinne a deanaih,
Bhi taob di com dub ie
gual,
Is fada liom a dTan tu,
A bfaca tu roirfie a leitid
sin d'obair,
Is doilig do e,
Ise an fear is m6 airgiott
is liigSL cartantas.
Is fearr duit a f iacaint
arisy ^
Ki 61am nios pao de anois,
Is giorra deoc na sgeul^
Is truime or na ml^a,
ii^'truimide an loc a lai^
Ni mait liom a beit ai^ so
nios fdde,
Is measa dadi an fear is
foigse daift an gaol^
No an te is faide amac
uabn a gcliabnas^
I would wish to get it.
Would you not walk any
farther?
He did not take much
meat.
He did not take much (^
the meat.
The cup ^as full of the
ale.
The cup was full of ale.
It is easier for us to do it.
Her Side was as black as
coal.
I think you staid long.
t)id you see such a work
before?
jtt is hard for him.
The man who has most
money ias least friend^
ship.
It is better for you to try
it again.
Iwilldrink no more of it
now.
A drink is shorter than a
story.
Gold is mora heavy than
copper.
The lake is not the^ heavier
for the duck.
I do not wish to be here
any longer.
He is worse to me who is
nearest to me in kin^
dredy ^
Than he who is farthest
out from mein affinity.
7iiOP£A
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il02
itiftAX.
PROPER NAMES.
1. Ua, or o, sighifying A descendanf^ and mac, a
son^ are prefixed to the sirnames of men ; as, Pat-
truic O'Neill, Patrick (XNeUl; Seanius Mhac Seain,
James Johnson. ' ^^-
2. But ni and pic are prefixed to the sirnames of
women ; ni, if the masculine b^ o ; and iiic, if it
be mac; as, M^ible Ni Neill, Mable O'Neiti; Caitrin
Nic Seain, Catharine Johnson. (116)
3. When a person's simdme is asked, the answer
is given of th6 tribe, stock, or branch from which
he has his name; as, car aloinnead duit? of what
simame are you? do^ or dc clann O'JSTeill, ojT /Ac
ONeills.
The constroctioa of proper names promiscuousljr
exemplified.
Of what sirname is yow
neighbour ?
Of the Fitzpatridts h'n*^
• self of ikt! Kellys Hzs
wife^ of the M^Jrtans
his mot her J and of the
M^Eoins his mother^
in-law.
Car sloinnead do £o-
inai-sa?
Do cloinn iliic Giolla
PhJdruic e ffein, do
siol Gceallaig abeaiji,
do cknn Artan a iha-
"tair, agus do cloinn
mic Eoin a UaincKa-
l>ain,
Ca hainm ata ort?
Uilliam i&ac Neill,
Ba oirfideac oirdeirc
Toirdealbac o Gear-
tiulbin,
E^ >indear aluinn Eilin
liic a Bhaird,
1^ fear feariaihuil Brian
mac a Bhaird,
IVhai i^ your nafnef
IVilliam Neilson.
Totlach Carolan teas dn
eminent musician.
r
Elleh ff^m^ "(vas a fair
damsel.
BHdn IVardwds a braxit
man.
Conculiar
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SYNTAX. 103
Concubar o Hara, is Conffor CfHara^ 0n4
EiblinniArabaiadsin EvilinaO'Hara were
cloinn DhomnaiU ui childrm of Dfmkl
i^ra* QHara.
NUMERALS*
1. Adjectives signifying number preqede their
substantives; as, aon duine, one man; gac uile la^
' cocry day.
4. But if the number be expressed in two or more
words, then the substantive toUows the fifi^t adiec*
t|ye ; as, tri fear d^ag is ceitre fitcead, mnpti/'tnree
men; an seisad caibidii fitcead, the tmnty-suth
chapter.
3. Every number, in which da two^ is expressed,
requires the substantive in die ^latiyp singular; as,
da cloic, two stones.
4. Every number, in which s^ac)t, oct, na^oi, dcic,
or dfeag' is expressed, requires the substautiye in the
nominative^ plural eclipsed ; as, seact gclqca, fcpen
Mtone^t
5. In speaking of the succession of kings, and
the like, the cardinal numeral is rather used than
the ordinal; as, Seoirse an tri, George fhp third;
rather than Seoirse an treas.
6. There are several peculiar forms of expressing
the numbers of different species, which may be col-
lected from the following examples^
The construction of Numerals promiscuously exem-
plified.
Do be an cead duirie aa The first man ^as tlie
cead peaqac, first sinner.
Liti an se dfeag, a riogOs Lewis the sLrteenth, who
.. san Flirainc, , reigns in France.
Leis nar Bail don uile To whom there was no
bean amain, act Muire woman agreeable^ but
matair, Mary the mother.
Ta
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104
SYNTAX.
Ta da cloic ihine ann 90^
Ta tri doca-r*<:eitreck>ca
— cuig cloca^-Hsfe cloca
— seact gcloca- — oct
gcloca — ^Haoi'd gcloca
— - deic gcloca — ^^aon
cloc dfeag-— da cloic
afeag, &c.
Ta an da eac is, fearr ar
bit ag teact anois on
gcurrac,
Ta na tri heic ar ti rit
aniu air iiirsa an
MhuUaig,
Ta sea6t neic go fior
ihait ag teact go Faite
. na maga, .
Ca lion^ no ca m^ad
daoine do suid ag an
niBord?
Seact gcloigned^^ idir
fear agus be^n,
Ca lii^d cinn eallaig ag
hatair?
Ta naol ecinn d^g air
fitcead,
Tri gaile capall bealaig,
Triur hd bainne,
Cuingir capall seisrige, .
DaBoloigoig,
Da seafaig Big,
Tri coirig d^ag,
Seact nuan, agus aon sean
lair,
Ca ni^ad daoine cloinne
ag hatair ?
TTiere are two stones of
meal here.
There are three, four^
Jive, six, seven, eight,
nine, ten, eleven,
twelve stones, S^c.
The two best horses are
now coming from the
Curragh.
The three horses are about
to run this dag on the
course of Rat hfr Hand.
Seven exceller^t horses are
coming to the Maze
course.
Hofw many persons sat at
table?
Seventeen sculls, (i. e.
persons) between men
and women.
How many heads of cat-
tle has your fat her f
He has thirty- nine.
Three (stomachs of) road
horses.
Three milk cows.
A yoke of plough horsu^
Two young oxen.
Two young heifers.
Thirteen sheep.
Seven lambs, and one ol4
mare.
How many children has
your father f
- T^
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SYNTAX. 105
Ta mor seisiur cloinne He has seven children.
aige,
"Ca Jhha,d clann mac? How many sons?
Ta ceatrar clann mac, He has four sons, and
agds triur cailin, tk?'ee daughters.
Gac iiile la sa mbliadain, Every day in the year.
Da seacain se gac uite He shunned every bad
ciroc duine, ^nan.
PRONOUNS^
P£BSONAL. (117)
1. Personal pronouils agree in number, gender,
and person, with the nouns to which they refer;
as, is mor na daoine iad, they are great men.
2. If a sentence be in piace of the ahtecedent,
the pronoun is in the third person singular, mas*
culine; as, an grian afaiceal is aoibin h, to see the
sun is pleasant.
3. If two or more persons or things be spoken of
in a sentence, the pronoun will agree with the lirst
person rathei' than the second, and with the§^cond
person rather than the third ; as, cuaid tusa agua
misi go Baileat cliat, agus bi sinn ann o b^altine go
dti an lugnosa, you and I went to JDublin, and we
were there from May until August. ■ .
4- The pronouns se, si, ^nn, sib, siad,- are com-
monly used in tlie nominative; and ^, i, inn, ib,
iad, in the accusative; as, do buail sinn iad, w^
struck them;/dq buail siad inn, they struck us.
* E, i, inn, ib, iad, are used in the nominative
after aft, ba, as^ ca, ii^c, gurab, creud; as, nac
iad sii> na daoijie? are riot these the men? as^ so,
or 'se 80 i^ la,, this is, the day. (118)
p , 5. The
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100 \ SYNTAX*
5. Hie datives of the personal prpn^ims may be
aspirated or not, as shaU sound most smootlily.
But after w, (,0x4% they are never asipiritdd ; %s, i^
fearr duit, or duit, ft is better for you; ia miann .
dam, I d^ire.
The constrqctitxn of the personal pronouns pro*
misquously exemplified,
TaBair dam an leine glan. Give tne the clean shirt.
Thug si acmusan geur do, She gave him a sharp re-'
buke.
Do spreag se go geur e, - She rebuked him sharply.
Is mait an duine e, is ffe is fi good many she is
breag an Bean i, ajine woman.
J^ trom an ^loc i, is fuar It is a heavy stone^ it is
an ihaidin i, a toM morning.
Chuaid se t\x\\\ a dupaig Jic went to his country
tuail5e, ' house.
Is ga^up drocuinte h, ^
Ta se na gasurt d^od-> ^e is ^ naughty io^^
uinte, J
Tamefogl^im fholeigioh, / ati(^ learning iny lesson^
SgrioBan seisean a cleact, He writes his ^vercise.
Ni siad moran torann, Th^y makem^h noise.
Kadaid mo dearBratair My brother and Twill ga
agiis misi *um an aoiir. id tkt fair.
fuair se^ faoi na cosaiB, Ht found it uttder hist
feet.
Moran saotar ah* Beagap Mm:h labour and little
bid, mtat. • '
Is mora ciaoWeati se an Gteatt^ it ^iQts the
corp, , body.
Is beaga^uireaU^ofm / would tkini little of
> siuBalaif coisgo J^iittr^ • waliin^ to Litnerkk.
neac, .
B&s na gcarad ^e Buftiilir The dtath of my friends
»a iiiearaid fne^, is xokiti irouilfs an4
^tr^e$ TH^.
• 'Se
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SYNTAX, 107
'Sc a cluinitn gac la ag / hear each day every,
cac da airis, giir ^in- person saying, that
nigeac cas do cut tais, , your soft h^ir i^ in
ringlets.
A Beit am aonar indialg To be alone after all, is
i^ic^ ^ a dTag me a tphat has kjt m€ this
i>wt faoi Br^n, (llS) mght if^sorn&w.
Godeft^log^? What 0'^ clock is it f
Ta s^ aa da, &^. I* is two, Sfc.
Tk ^ leat uair 'm dtaig // i^ A4^ after twOs
an dp,
Is aoiBin an aimsir i, // is delightful weather.
BW»e§jwwnftairmaidtji, It was gloomy in the
. morning.
ItsuU tu m^ m fair^f fVercy^u ev^r m sea ?
POSSESSIVE,
1. The po8$e$»ive pronouns mo, do, a, ar, and
tiur, are always placed before their nouns; as, mo
ceann, my head; do cos, thy foot.
£• Mo, do, and a, his, aspirate theif substantives j
as, mo gort, my corn; do sron, thy nose; a ^eann^
his head; *but a ceann, her head,
3. Mo before f, or a vowel, loses o; as, manam,
my soul; vn'itoW, my flesh.. Do betbre a vowel, is
changed into h; betbre t^ ihto d, or t; as, hanam,
thy soul; dfeoil, or tfeoil, thy flesh. A, Aer, pre-
£xes h to the following vowel; as, a haliam, her
soul.
4. Ar, bur, and a, their, eclipse the following
consonant, excepts; and prefix n to the following
vowel; as, arnatair, our father; andia, their God;
bnr nuaman, yattr terror.
5. For the manner in which thi? possessive pro^
nouns are combined with le, ua, do, arid ann; see
page 40. Tq which add fam, fad, fan, and far^
Compounded of fa, about, and mo, do, a,' and ar:
i,a which manner they are used before vowels, and
PS ' sometimes*
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108 SYNTAX.
sometimes before aspirated consonants; as, lem atr^
with my care; led toil, with your will.
The construction of the possessive pronouns pro*
mrscuously exemplified.
A Bfaca to mo garclasa ? Did you see my garden f
Tarliomgobfeicfetumo Come with me until you
luUgort, see my garden.
Dean air mo sonsa e, Do it for my ^ake.
Ca bfuil do leaBair? Where is your book?
^Go de dim tig air a cuid fVhat has become of his
peannad? pen?
Bhfuil duil agad a dul fa Have you a mind to go to
nandfein? them?
Ta mVtair is mo mat^ir My father and mother
tinn, are sick.
Do bris an capuU a srian The horse broke his bri^
sa agastar, dle^ and his halter.
Bheara se arls siB go dii- He shall bring you again
tuig Bur naitreac, to the land ^ your fa-
thers.
Ar natair a ta air neam. Our father who art in
heaven.
i)o rlnne 51 a tig, She builded her house.
Bhfuil sib a tract fam Are yoU talking of my
atairse? father?
Thugmesgeuladomatair I gave tidings to my fa-
' ther.
Go Bfuair me litir om in* That I got a letter from
gean, my daughter.
RELATIVE.
1 . The relative agrees with its antecedent; as, an
ih a tig, the person who comes.
2. When a is used to denote the owner or pos-
iicssor of any thing, it takw r,-^ as^ an ftar ar leis tu,
ibeman to whom you belong.
Which;
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SYNTAX. 1Q9
Which, compounded with d6, makes dar;. as, aa
fear dar c^ile tu, the person whose wife you arc^
With do and ba, it make* daiab, or darb; ak,
bean darb ainm Maire, a woman whose name wa$
Mary.
, With le, it makes ler; as, ce be ler m\9L% who-
ever has a 4esire.
With le and ba, it makes lerb; a?, ce be leib ail!,
whoever had a wish.
3. As the relative always cotnes before the verb,
and has no inflexion, it must be determined by the
verb itself, or the noun following, whether the
relative denotes the §2:ent or the object; as, an fear
a Buailim, f he man whom I strike; aiTfoar a Buai-
leas me, the man who strikes me. ,
4. The relative, is often omitted, when J t is either
preceded or followed by a vowel, or an aspirated
consonant; as, an gioUa tug a gearran leis, the boy
that brought, the hprsewith A/m; an fear 61a? an
ccad deOc, th^man who takes theirs f drink; bud
sipnnac bi aan, it was a fox that was there^
The construction of relative pronouns promis-
^uiously exemplified.
An fear ler buala'd me.
An fear a Buaileas se.
An fear a buaileas 6,
Si sin an aindear a labair
leat.
An h so an hata iixz cean-
naig^tu?
Ta eolus agam air an fear
a raib tu caint leis,
Carad dilios, ann a gcui-
riom muinigin,
Ta fios agam ca air a
bfuil tu smuainead, ^
The man by whom I was
struck . ^
The 7nan whom he strikes.
The fnan who strikes him.
That is the damsel wka
spoke to yon.
Is this the nert^^hat that
you bought?
I know the man with
whom you were talk-
ing.
A dear friend, in whom^
I place confidence.
I know of what you art
thinking.
U
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no
*V»tAX,
Ismeanardoiitearieis^, Happy is the man tchd
possesses it
Is mairg don te ler ihian fVrttchedis the man ^ho
fe, desires it.
la mairg don te dfef ci- IVretched is the , man
neaibuin a tagail> whose fate it is to get
it.
An toglac aiaiH tstrt^ The man that went past.
INTIiRROGATlVi:.
' 1. The interrogative pronouns cia, ce, ci, and
ciad agree with their objects or respondents, in
gender, and number; as, cia, or ce an fear? who
is the man? duiqe uasal, a gentleman; ci ft in?
who is she? baintigeama; a lady; ciad? who are
they ? daoine mora, great men.
£. The neuter verb is never expressed with the
interrogative pronoun ; as, cia misi? who am J?
3. The interrogatives always precede the verb or
preposit4on by which th^y are governed ; as, cia o
ISfuair tu g? Jrom whom did you get it?
The Construction of the interrogative pronouns
promiscuously exemplified.
Go de an munmur sin fVhat muttering do you
ort r make ?
Creud is ciall do sin? IFhat is the meaning of
that?
Why are you timorous?
Who is that man who
spoke with you?
Who is that woman going
past ?
frhat brings fear upon
you?
What are you seeking ?
Lord, who sKall dwell in
thy taiernacle?
Cia fa bfuil tu faiteac?
Cia he, or cia an fear sin
a labair leat?
Cia hi, or ci an Bean sin
a dul tart? •
Crcud a beir eagla ort ?
Go dc ta tu ag iarraig?
A tigcama, cia coimneo-
cus ahn do taber^aciHl ?
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Google
sf NjAx:.
Ill
Ci aca is md^ mTailainse
np d'fallainse?
Cia hiad, or ciad feia a
ta teacht a steach
Ca leis ^ raib tu aoiug?
Cia1>uail tu? .
JVkick is latgeTy my man*
tie or your mantle ?
fFho arc. th^y coming in ?
JVith whom ivere you to
day?
Whom did you strike?
^EMOKSTRATIVE.
1, The dcfnonstrative pronouns immediately
follow the nouns or adjectives with which they are
connected; as, an Bean sin, /^/ woman; an duine
so, this man; na daoine uasal ud, those gentlemen.
* Except J when tlie neuter yerh is understood';
for it is never expressed with demonstratives; as,
so an fear, this is the man.
2, When so is joined to a noun, whose last vowel
is broad, it is commonly changed into sk; but, if
the last vowel is small, into se; as, an fearsa, /Ai*
^n ; an f;kilse, this ring^
3, The pix)noun8 creud, gode, cia, &c. arc com-
monly used, without interrogation, as demonstra«
tives; as, ta Tio$ agam go de a dearfa, J know what
you- will say.
The construction of the dejmonstrative pronouns
promiscuously exempHfied..
iabair leis an duine uas^l Speak to that gentleman.
sni,
|<i,iid a dadaih n^ huti-
laig ud eile,
A dtaitnean so leat?
Go de $aoileas tu de $iu?
Cuifinig so, agus taBair
daih sin,
J^easan tu go d^ fleirig
;i|os^|i?
Those other apples are
worth nothing.
Does this please you?
JVhat do you think of
that?
Keep this, endjgive tpe
that. \
Do you imagine ti^kat
happened to (hem?
T^isbean
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113
STKXAX.
Taisbean a leaB^ir sin Shew pte thai booh
dam,
Taid na tigtbcad so f ior
aluinn,
Ba subailceac na riogim
iad ^ud,
A btaca ta an aindir ud
eile?
Se so an fear a cas oralnn
a \\dhy
*cety
very
TIteu houses are
fine.
Yon ladies were
cheerful. ^
Did you see yon other
damsel?
This is the man wlio met
us yesterday.
An 6 so a bealac go Ard- Is this the way to Ar-
maca? • magh?
Njl fios agam ciaca beal- / know not which of the
ac is fearr, roads is best.
An bfiiil iios agad cia he Do you know who that
an duine uasal sinT- gentleman is?
COMPOUND,
1. Tlie compound pronouns a^am, liom, orm,
and uaim are commonly used, with the verbs bi,
tarr, and as, or is, instead of the regular verbs; in
the following manner.
2. Agam originally signifies with me; but is also
used, with the verb, of beings to supply the place of
the verb to hm^e; as, a bfana tu agam a noct? will
you stay with me to night? ta caraid agam a mbaile
at cliat, I have a friend at Dublin (ISO),.
S. Liom oiigiiially signifies with, by, for^ or to
me, &c. From hence it is used.
First, to express belonging to ;
Secondly, to denote desire;
Thirdly, thought dr opinion; and
Fourthly, power; as, (121)
Da dtiucf^a. horn Jinois,
Go dels mian le^^t a ragad
liomsa?
Jfyou would come with
me now.
What is ity$ur desire to
• say with for to) me?
• Fan
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SYKTAX« 113
Fto Idi^ ma tig lil>^ ^FiwV ibe^A (or for) him^
ifjfim can^
Ao leo f^a an carhftd? I^tk^ carriage their ownf
Mas toU leat laBairt leis /jT iV is your will to Mptflk
aria, to him again*
Dar lidm go bfeadfa dul I think you might go
Jeo amarac, . with them to-morrow.
la fada ko fams^ go 7%^thinkitlongtostay
Luan, ^i7/ M(md$y,
Ni tig liom a dul lib, / cannot go with you.
4. Onn originally signifies upon me. Hence
it is used to denote the passive ancctions of both
liody a»d nwftd; ja,s, .
Cuir do Ifcine ort, Put on your shirt.
Ta tart orm, agus fuact I am hungry^ and they
orrta, are cold.
Ta pian cinn uirre, She has a head-ach.
Nil baogal air, The?:e is no danger of him. .
5. Chugam, unto me, is used to denote the ob-
ject to which any thing tends; and has always a
verb of motion, expressed or understood, before itj
as,
J^gid ciig^mf^ sibse uilf^ Come unto me all ye tk^t
. ^ b^MiiUi faQian iialac, are laden.
An tseactmuiuse (ata Theweek( that is coming)
^9i t^^it) .^ugMi^b, to us: \. ^. next w^.
Xajiair ^ajn daA-^tabaif Qive bread to me — bring
aran cugam, bread to me*
Tabair sgi^i^n d^pi— cuir Give me a knife — send
fgia^ «ugs«n^ ma knife. •
Q. Uaim originally signifies from me. Hence
it is used,
firsj:, to imply want, in opposition to agam;
Secondly, to denote a desire of having; as,
' , Q Fan^
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il4 SYNTAX.
Fan luum— taBair uait e, Stay from me^giv€ it
from you.
l^a an tairgiot sin uatm I want that money now.
anois,
Go de ta uaibse^ a BuaA What do ye want, boysf
cailligl-
The use of the otlfer compound pronouns wiU
l^ seen in the following table.
The construction of the compound pronouns pro-
^ miscuously exemplified. ^
Is fritir an cos sin agad, That is a sore foot yoti
have.
3a mor a leatrom ort e. It was a great oppression
to you.
Thug an uile duifie mil- Every man gave blame
leoin air, to him.
ts tuirseac liom aimsir Bad weather is tiresome
duioeonta, to me..
Bionn aimsir duineonta Bad weather is hefivy on
trom orm, me.
Ni comortas isi leisean^ She is not to be compared
to him.
Ni biann fearg air, There mil be no an^er on
him; i^ e. he will not
be angry.
Car leis an bosga beag? JVhos^ is the little box?
Ca huair a 6uirea8 tu fVhen will you send it t9
chuige h? him?
TaBair cugamsa h? Bring it to me.
Nil fio^agam ca harnm / do not know his nanu.
ata air.
Go dc dubairt se umad- 'fVhat did he say about
sa? youf
Niar diisde Jiom % I do not think it worse.
Ni
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SYNTAX*
115
Ni €6Ir muinigin a cur a
gceactai: aca,
Cia aca dona riognaib is
mo crod ?
Feadano, mas aill liom,
Bain na butaisig so'diom,
A mbaine me an casog
•diot?
Sul ar cu]?naT ar nualac
dinn,
SaoUim gur bain siad go
leor diobta, .
Go de so tauait?
Fuair me tri pigin dhhg
uait,
Ta eagla orm go bfuil
aicid eigin ag teact
Orip,
Go de ta uirrisi?
Nil fonn ortusan a belt
bfad ann so,
Ni ceilinnse an dadam
ort, .
Ba mait liom, a beit
caint leat,
Seal beag, da m' aill leat
eisteact liom,
Cuirfear gioUa is capuU
leat,
Car.lcis a gearran beag?
Ma tig Icjat, fan go
mbimid uile leat,
Ni tig liom fanmuint
agad a noct,
BTeidir naq mbiad se
aige,
No confidence should be
placed in either of
them.
Which of the ladies has
most portion ?
I cany if I chuse.
Take these boots off me.
Shall I take the coat off
you?
Before we put our bur^
den off us. •*
I think they took enough
from them.
What is this you want?
I got thirteen pence from
you.
I am afraid that thjsre is
some illness coining on
me.
What ails her?
They are not desirous tQ
be long here.
1 would not conceal any^
thing from you.
I would wish to speak
with you.
A little while, if you
please to hear me.
A boy and horse will be
sent with you.
To whom belongs the lit*
tie horse ?
If you can, wait till we
be all with you.
1 cannot stay with you
to-night.
Perhaps he would not
have it.
2 Cuir
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lift SYlftAX.
Cutr do ladi term,
Ta eada£ glan fiid is
torad,
€huai'd fa^H an gehfirig
torainn,
Cuir cugam an taran,
Cia sgfiob an iitir ciuice,
Tii^inic se cuguinn ai^ir,
Na dean ibimdtd fiiinn,
Sui'd sios tamat, cuir
cataoir fdd,
Is mail liom gur iiubairt
tu.sin.
Nit mian maciiai^ anois
oitn,
Nil Tios agamsa go de
ta aige, acd bfeidir
go bfuil T\6s aicese,
Go de is mian leal a raga
lioinsa ?
Nil siad a bral; a dadsuii
oruinne,
Fuaramar darta gad la
uabta,
Ta luac a bainne uaim,
Cia bi an so toihuinn?
Cuire me an clocas^
umam,
Biod siad a caint umad^
Seasaift eadrom is ^,
Do bainead fuil asam fa
do.
Put your hand mer me.
There are dean cldaths
mer you and under you^
The cmd of winter is gone
over us (K e. past.)
Send unto me the itead.
Who wrote the letter un-
to her?
He came unto us last
night.
Do not mock us.
Sit dotvH a tohiley put a
chair under you (i. e.
take a chair).
tarn glad you said that.
/ hwe no desire now of
sportiveness.
1 do not know ^hst he
hasy but perhaps she
knows.
JVhat do you wish to say
to fne?
They are not looking for
any thing from us.
JVe got a quart each day
from them.
/ want the price of the
milk.
Who was here before us ?
Iwill put this cloak about
me.
Let them talk about you.
Stand bettoeeH me and
him.
Blood was taken fr^m me
twice.
Nil
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Nii moran eadruinn,
Chuai'd si roiiiie san
tslige,
Raca se cugaib amarac,
Cuirige uaib %
Nar cuiread sgeula cucaB
Go de sin a bain tu di?
Na bain a sgian diom^
Ha im'ttgean siad ro-
ihuinn, bearanioid
orra,
Cuir ka]i>a glas lu&cra
fum,
^il go leor fuinti,
Nac bfuil di!lil agad a
teact cuguinne?
Nac mbeid tu aguinne a
inarac?
Do leig se osna trom
as,
Bhi conrad eatorra,
SYNTAX. 117
TTiere is not much be-
tzceen us.
She went before him in
the zif^y.
He mil go to you to^
morrow.
Send it from you.
fVas word sent to them f
IVhat is it that you took
from her?
Do not take the knife
from me.
If they depart before us^
we shall overtake them.
Put a bed of green rushes
under the.
There is noi enough un*
der us.
Have you not a mind to
come to us?
JVill you not be with us
to-morrow?
^e gave a heavy groan.
There was an agreement
between them.
INCREASE OF 'PRONOUNS. NOUNS, ADJECTIVE^
AND VERBS,
1. For the manner in which the increase is made,
in pronouns, nouns, and adjectives^ see page 43.
2. In the same manner, tne increase may be made
iti verbs, if the pronoun be not expressed ; as, dei-
rimse an firinne, is ni creidirse me, I sdy the truths
and you do noi believe, me; bfuil tu ar ti mo bua-
ladsa? are you about to strike mef
3. The
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118
SYNTAX.
3. ITic use of the increase may be alwajT^ ascer-
tainedy by considering the emphatical pronoun in
the sentence; as, is laidre mo capallsa no do ca^
pallsa, my horse is stronger than yours.
4. Hence, when a question is asked, the person
nal pronoun, in the answer, always receives tne in*
crease; as, cia rinne so? misi, no tusa, who did
this, I, or you.. (122.)
The use of the increase promiscuously exemplified*
Da racfasa liom aniu,
racfuinnse leatsa ama-
rac.
Is deise ar dtime no bur
dtirse.
Is iomda la bi d'atairse
is m'atairse air an iul^
Ca bfuil bur dtiarna
ogsa?
An h so do hata {irsa?
Ta an maor ar ti bur
gceangailse a gcarcair.
Do cuadarsan uile a
gcomairle^
Se so a cota m6rsan.
Is cosmuil an teadac sin
le d'eadacsa,
An raib sise air a tir?
Chuaid sise agus mise
cum na foraise,
Nil se agam, arsa mise,
Act a dubairt seisean go
bfaca se agam air mai-
din fe,
An abraimse breug?
If you would go with me
to-day y IwouldgowitA
you to-morrow.
Our country is hand-
somer than your couf^
try. .
Many a day were your
father and my father
together.
IVhere is your young
lord? '
Is this your new hat?
The officer is about to
bind you in prison.
They all went into coun-
cil.
Tfiis is his great cdat.
That cloth is like yours.
Was she in the country?
She ofid I went to the
forest.
I have it not, said I.
But he said that he saw
it with me in the
morning.
Do I tell a lie?
Dairis
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4IYNTAX. 119
jMrb si *daifisa gur She told me that she
sgriob si cuige, wrote to him.
€a huair a cuireas tu fFhen will yon send word
sgeula cucasan ? to them f
Nar cuir siadsan sgeula Did they send word, t4
cugadsa? you?
Dean sin ar a sonsa. Do that for her sake.
Dheanuinn ni ar bit air I would do any thing for
a sQnsan, his s^ike.
Is tad mo tigse no a My house is larger than
tigseam his.
Is leisean ata me caint^ It is to him I am talk'-
agus ni leatsa^ ing, and not to you.
Tliug sise ddsan aris ^ She gave it to him again.
Do geall tu daihsa hj You promised it to me.
A dtiobarfa cuid de sin Would you give part of
daihsa? that to me?
Beidmid rompasan a ma- fFe shall be before them
rac, to-morrow.
Niar tug tii aon ubal You did not give one ap*'
duinnc. pie to us. .
VERB.
CONCORD.
1. A verb agrees with its nominative, in num-
ber smd person; as, do sgriob se, he wrote; tau-
gadar na daoiiie, the men came.
2. Turo or more nouns singular, joined together^
'wili have a verb singular; as, tainic misi agus tusa,
land you came; ta m'atair is mo ihatair tinn, my
fother and mother are sick. .
3. The
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120 SYNTAX.
3. The lurniinative usually foUowci the verb; aa^
XsLiuic an fear, the mtm came: 30inetimes with a
branch of the sentence interveoiag; as, tainic, mir
an mball, fear an tige asteac, the nkm of the house^
im}ne(Uately^ came in. '
4. The relative aod interrogative pronouns al-
ways come^ before the wrbs with which they a«ee;
as, an te 9^ tig ^o minic, th€ man who C9me$ iyteni
cia feadas seasaiii? who can stand? (ISLS.)
5. When the personal termination of ^ the verb
is used, the pronoun is omitted; as, ]:in&eai9ary
or rinne siun an ni so, we 4id this thing. (1^24)
* The pronoun is generally used with the second,
•nd tfawd persons, except in answering a question;
as, ^rioban tu go ceart, you rprite mell: an sgrio**
bam eo ceait? do Iwrke wdlf sgriobair, you d0»
(125.)
* The pronoan it never «sed with the first and
second persons singular of the subjunctive consue-
iudinai; as, Asl dtigfea lionosa, had you come with
me; da mbuaiifian a« fear, had I struck the man.
6. The infinitive has its agent in the accusativei
expressed or understood, before it; as, is mail
diose me a fuireadd, it is good for you that I
remain.
7. The active participle has its agent expressed '
in the dative, when tlie ^me person is agent to tha^
following verb; as iar na faicsin an tig, lainic so
asteac, he^ having seen the house^ came in; ar
nil)eit duiun ar noaoiae oga, bi sinn a gcuideact
acfeile, when we were youn^^ we kept company to*
get her; ag gduinsin sin Son tsetnduinej gab se
%airis air an taob eile, the ^Id mWj, htarmg thi^
passed by on the other ^ide. ( I^.)
$, The present pa/ticipie, with the verb bi, is
always used when the cpotuiuaBce of a thing is
expressed ; as, ta me ag leagad wa leati^, / jam
reading my book* ( 1 27- )
9. The
Digitized by VjOOQIC
SYNTAX, 121
9. The consuetudiiial ten^ is used when a habil:,
or custom, is expressed ; a», ca mbionn tu gac la,
where are you every day? (128.)
10, The future participle passive often follows'
nouns, or adjectives, to denote tlie object that is
to be affected ; as, greanrhar le faicsin, pleasant to-
be seen; ta arbar Ic bualad, there is corn to be
threshed; ta na bat le na bleagan, the cows are to.
he milked. (IS9.)
GOVERNMENT.
11. Verbs transitive require their objects, in the
accusative, after their agents; as, do Kuail me fear,
/ struck a man. ,
, * The relative, and interrogative pronouns come
before the verbs that govern them ; as, an te a
Buail me, the man whom I struck; go de glacas tu?
what will you take ?
12. Verbs signifying advatitage or disadvantage
require also the object of the benefit, or injury, in.
the dative ;. as, d*urhlalg se doib, he obeyed thefn;
do hinsia'd daifii, it was told to me; do tug me lea^
Bafdliit, I gave a book to you. .
13. Verbs of comparing, and taking away, re*
3uire the ablativfe of the object of comparison, or
eprivation ; as, do slad si mo ceadfaid uaim, shc^
stole my heart from me; saiiiluigim tu le crann gan
torad, I bompare you to a tree without fruit; do
bainea'd uata 6, it was taken from them.
14. The infinitive, and participles active, req^Ile'
the genitive; as, ta me dul do ceannac. brat^, Z
a)n going to buy 'malt ; bi se ag iarraid a rfma, he
was looking fpr his wife; iar mbualad an dorais,
having struck the door] ar ti de^inaiii urnailte,
^ about to make »r^3?ven-^eeGoverni»ent of Nouns,
rule'19, •fx,6. *'^-' , •,. . *4«5. .
..*. If the object be a masculine noun, it is aspi-
. ' * R rated ;
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SYNTAX*
rated; as, ta me ag gtt^rra'il £ralnn, lam mttfng
a tree. (130.) .
15. One verb governs another in the infinitive;
as, cuaid se do *:&glam a leigein^ he went to le^rn
his lesson. (131)
The concord and government of verbs promis-
cuou3ly exemplified,
TaBair mo leine daih, Give me my skirt.
Gad' cuige nac gcatan Why do you not . ■ ■ r
tu do stocaige duba? your black stockings?
l^i an cos fritir ^n brig The strait shoe makes the
cuihaing, foot sore.
J^a6 bfaca tu ns^ ^? Did you never see iff
Nfi taob tu feia le dapi* Do mt trust yourself
nibleaiha, with imprudent people.
CpAnai^ean ?esean a He dwells in a large
inbruigin ifa6ir, house.
. $hfui| tu ar tl mp Hua* Are you about to sttike
' lad? mef
Taliair aire do^ji dcjtg- Mtendio (he fady.
beaq,
Ta bean n, tige ag tiaga Tie housewife i$ ^arm^
dige, ing ^ drmh.
Bhi bean a ti^e ar ti 2%$homewifewas:0fyfUf
deoc a tiagaa,; to varv^ a drink.
Ta fear a tige ag dull a 7^ ma» of the hpus^ is
^odlad, going to sleep.
/T^sesgripbadaileacda, He is writing his ejfp^
cise.
Tameagafoglaimanoifi, J am learning tt fWiK
Qp go gcainj^a me»
Thsiibein me'4oanUt^
a sgripb tu ^ugam,
A^inbearfea mise leat|?
Ca rail In ani?
Though you jhouU diif
pfaise me.
J Sihe^ed him the letter
that you wrote to me*
t¥ouldyou bring me wilA
y0uf
IVhere were, yqj^ ^ester^
du^f
Nar
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StNTAX.
i^a
Nar ai'tris si duit cai^ead
aBfiiair si?.
Go de ata stad ar ti dea^
nam?
An te na£ dean staidir
ni biann se foglumtai
An fear a til leis aniug.
Car cuir tu mo bata?
Fiafraig sin do duine
eigin eile,
Feadam a dul ait air bit,
Ni raib ac aoh ubal apui'd
ann, a tug me disi^
Bain do cloct diot,
Na cuir araig orra,
Beid me smuainead
oruibse,
Racfuinn leat arls^
Go de cuireas tu ^uinne?
Da mhiadfasa liom ni
kigfe an teagal do mo
bualad,
Bhi seisean ga bualadsa,
Bhfuil sib ar ti ar mbua-
ladne?
Dean airis air a beacan
binn,
A diiilas gac blat bias
air a coili,
Btod sinn crionnac co-
sihuil leis,
Agus cuiriinide air an
uair nac* dtig air ais,
Tliaisbein se h f^in beo,
Did she tell ^oUh&wmu6h
she got?
What are thiy about t§
da?
He tttat does not study
will not be learned.
The man that was with
him to-day.
TFhere did you put my
staff?
Ask that of some olhef
man.
I can go anyplace^
There was but one ripe
apple, which I gitve /a
her.
Take your cloak offyo^.
Do not heed them.
I shall be thinking ^
you.
I would go with you
again.
tVhat will you put under
m?
If you had been with me,
J]ear would let him
strike me.
He was beating her.
Ate you about to beat
usf
Take example by the bee,
That sucks each blossom
of the tree;
Let us, like it,^be tim^y
• xmse.
And mind the hour^ tbt^
quickly flies.
He shewed himself alive.
2. At
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.124
SYNTAX.
At ngabail an cupam
cuige, air mbreit bui-
deacais do, a dcibairt
Ag gairm a Ueisciol^al
'» 'do, \\\g tee.neait agus
cuihacta doiB,
larr deoc air mnaoi an
larr air ]\fhaire deoc a
tabairt duit,
Ta slad ga mbuajad,
Ta sibse ga bur nibualad,
Guidimse air Dhia,
Guidim tu a Thigearna,
Labair le m' atair,
Xabair Bearla, ma tig
leat,
Taobam le Dia mo corp
is m'anam,
Beid me iar do bualad,
Ta me iar teact o iAl-
baiu, ^
Ta a matair agus a deirb.-
^ siur anagaid na gno-
taide sin, '
Iar leigead an tsoisgeil
• do.
Fear da ngoirtear (ainm)
Eoin,
Oltar linn do slain te fein,
Puisg'tear leo ah ilid
maol^
Having taken the jcap,
and given thanks^ hk
said.
Calling his disciples t§
hiniy he gave them
strength and power.
Ask a drink from the
woman of the home.
Ask Mary to give a
•' drink to you.
Tlieif are a beating^ or,
they are beating them.
You are a beating. .
I pray to God.
I pray thee, O Lotd.
Speak to my father.
Speak English, if you
can.
I commit to God my body
and my soul.
I will be after beating
yon; \. e. I will have
beaten you.
I am after coming from
Scotland; i. e. ififlve
Just come.
Her mother and sister
are against that busi^
ness.
He having read the gos^^
pel.
A man who is ^called
.[ohn.
Your health is drunk by .
us.
Theunhorneddoe is raised
byjhem.
REFLECTED
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i 1
SYNTAX*
125
HEFXECTEB VERBS.
1. Reflected verbs are used to express a state of
being, or an atftion terminating with tlie doer of
it; as, codlaim, I deep; seasam, I stand
2. Whenever duration is expressed, or under-
stood, the. circumlocution, with the verb hi, is
used ; as, Bi me mo codlad ar fe^d an oidce, / was
asleep all night: ta se na seasam, he is standing.
(132.) '
Reflected Verbs promiscuously exemplified.
Ta sinne ' nar gcodlacj TVe are sleeping under
the shade of the tr^s^
Is she sitting.
Noj but he is sitting.
TVhere did you sleep last
night ?
Do not sleep any more.
faoi sga't na gcrann,
An , bfuil sise na suide,
Ni Iiead, act ta seisean
. na suide.
Car codaU tu a reir?
Na codail iiios hk),
Beid siadsan na seasam, They will be standing.
Do tost misi mar duine / was silent as a dumk
balb, man.
Bhi me mo comnaig a / was living in Dublin.
niBaile at cliat,
Na seasath ann sin, „ Do not stand there,
Bhi me mo dusgad abfad ^ Iwas awflke long before
, roimei^lo. day.
3hi seisean na dusgad He was awake before me;
Tomam ; agus do duisg and he awakened me.
se me,
Bi do tost. Be silent. ^ _
Do cQdail me a nDim- J slept in Dundalk.
' dealgan,
Bhi me mo Codlad areir, I was sleeping last night.
AITXIUARY
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li& SYlJtAt^
AUXIlJARt VERBJI.
I. Thfe auxHiaries W, is, or as, sod tig, with
their inflexions, are clegawly used U^ supply the
place of all verbs detiotilig possession, want, power,
necessity, or any (0ection dfthe body, or mind.
S. Bi is used with agam, orm, and uaiih ; is, or
as, with daiii, and liom; tig, with lioih ouly; Is,
(133.)
Ta sgian agam, / hwoe a knife.
Ni dfuil sgian agam, I hoot not a knife^
Ta sgian xidxm^ I want a knife.
Ki ti^ Horn a deanatik, I cannot d^ it.
Is eigm daifa sgriobad, / nmst write.
Ta grad agam air Dhia, / love God.
Ta fuact orm, / am cold.
Ib fiom sin f6s, That is Mine t^.
S^ Is, or as, simply denotes the object in kselfi
l>ut ta always denotes it as connected with 9091*
etrcunfstancei
. Hence, is affirms simply of its object, although
that object be expressed by two or more words j
as, is me^Domnall, I am Donald; is fuar an oidce
], it is a cold night. But ta has a twofold obje^t^
and shews the subject and predicate distinctly tvotla
each other; ta Doi&nall ag an doras, Donald w at
the door;- ta an oidce tuar, the night is cold^
(134.)
Hence also, the interrogative, of as, is an, used
in enquiring after any inherent quality of the sub-
ject; as, an tu Dodinall? are you Donald f is m^
/ am.
But the interrogative, of bi, is bfuil, used m en-
quiring after any occasional quality, or circum-
stance; as, bfuil Domnall ag an doras? is Donald
^t the door? ata, he is,
4. Whei^
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4 Wh^ IMj^ (|3ur i^ ba, and bu'd, coqiq in contact
with VQW^ls^ they ar^ cont^a^^ted in|o s, b^ or m;
Jkl^s (jna is) tu ftar an Ify<iti are the man of the
tig^, ^ hou»s€.
Bean darb (dar ba) aiqin A wqman zvkose name
E)?lin, 7jt;as Evelina.
pa fnaiU (ma aill) l^t If it m^e agreeable to
^isteact liom, you to listen to me.
9fevr (b^ Tearr) 'daoi^ l(^ 'tuyere better for nie ti^
^^ Ba> and bu^ aspirate the following mutable
caasQn^nts; as, bufd ihait Horn, Iwof^dvfish.
6, Xhc awxiUary Ij^, with the preposition ann, is
used to /express exist^ce; as, ta subailce ann^
there is ^ virtue; bi ^x^mt ann, there was a ma$h
fbe ^QBstruction of the auxiliary verba promis-
^UQU^y exemplified,
4« tu Seamus? is me^ Arejou Jmwf Jam.
iihfuil tu tinn? ^taiw^ Are you sick? lam.
Ta an oidc^ dorca, The night i* 4ark.
Is dorc^ an oldie i, It f> a 4ark night.
$Tearr hom ^ b^t. pwirb, i ka4 rc^ther be dead.
?^''?t^L • \ She is a little wench.
Ta SI na gusig b^ >
Ta ea£ mait ag m' ati^ir, My father has ^ good
horsjs^
An l«^ts^ i^n peaiin* so? Is this pe^ yom^f it is
is liomsa e, mine.
Go de ti^ di ort? fVhat if i| mwHng t^i
ywf
An & so do busga snapi* Is this y^HP tmff^baxf
sin? is ead. it is.
Nil aiiinis agam ann, I haoo no doubt.
A ndearnt.
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128
SYNTAX.
A ndearna duine air bit
fiarh amrus fa Dhia a
belt ann?
Nil cuid agam de,
Ta fuact orm anois, agus
bi tart mor ornf ag
teact asteac "dam,
Bbeara me an tairgiod
duit a marac ma tig
liom,
B'fearr liom go dtiocfa
leat a tabairt aniug,
An leat fein an cior
cnaim r
Is liom ; agus is liom an
sgatan f6s.
Da mbiad airgiod agam,
Ta ublaige uadfa,
Bhfuil tu tinn ? ni Bfui-
lim.
An tu an maor? ni me.
'Sionn^n sin le racl ^us
gur bionnan iad araon,
Ba doilig -darfi h.
Bhfuil tu fuar? taim.
Dob h an fear a bairde
san mbui'din,
Dob i an bean a bailnc
dl^eai,
Da ma leat h, ni Biad
m'ainmse ann,
An leat'sa an sgian so?
Ni Kom anois S, \-
Mas leis h tabair do h.
Bhfuil nailr utrre?
An raib mo leabars^
Did ever any man doubt
of the existence of a
. God?
I have no part of it.
I am cold now, and I was
very thirsty when J
came in.
I will give the money to^
you to-morrow i/* /
can.
I would rather you could
have given it to-day.
Is the ivory comb your
own ?
It is mine; and the look-
ing- glass is mine aiio^
If I had money.
They want apples.
Jreyot4 sick? lam not/
Are you the officer? I
am hot.
That is the same as to
say, that they weN
both alike.
It were difficult for me/-
J re you cold? I am.
He was the tallest tnan
in the cornpany.
She rem tke most beau*
tiful woman.
If it were yours, my namM^
would not be in it. •
Is this knife yours?
It is not mine now. * '
If it is his, give it to him^
is she ashamed?
Had you my book? '
Am
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4ji <iKSk9> fotdlgeact orra? Did thejf think long f
Is sine ar matairne na Our mother is older fk^m
. Bur ma'tairse, yours.
Ta burtnbatea jsan ^coill, Your cowsnrtin thi^Qod.
AJ3VERB.
\h fThe foUowmg adverbs a^nrate the wotib ^t
follow tfiem thus; .
' Ni, niar, not^ and nar? iiacar? notf aspirate
and prefix h to vowels ;
JSiQj and ja, tOy aspfnaste mfinitives; . i
Do, sign of the prefer y aspirates active verbs j
Ro, very^ aspirates adjectives; and,
Ail the adverbial particles aspirate the woitbs ^^ttii
.wfeich^they are- compounded; as, (136)
,Niar tamic aon duine . No man cami with ffim.
leis.
Is c6ir duinn umaig do, fVe ought to pray evewjf
or a deanam gac la, day.
^Do BuaU me an fear cile, I struck the other man.
Ta an maid in ro Tuar, The morning is very coisL
Ta se na duine ncimglic, He is a foolish man.
,Nijhamluig ta, It is net so. ,
2. Nac, noty and 'ca? wh^r&f eclipse actiye
verbs; and
Jar, sign of the prefer participle^ eclipses it; ib^
(1^37) ;
Naic dtig leice^iuBal, She cannot walk.
. lar mbualad an dorais, Having struck the door.
. Camh^onnten^commiig ? JVhert does he dwell ? *
3,, Adverbs, $\gmfyiag proximity, require the da-
tive; as, ta se angar darii, he is near m^. (138.)
* s 4-- Tlie
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GoQQle ,
13b JYirtAx.
'4. The fallowing adverlbs require- the abktivij^
tiz, (139?) , < ; ^
Atios, on this s}de. , Asteac, within.
ABfad, afar. Go leor, enough,
Amac, out. ^ and the like; as, '
Anall, tall, beyond.
Fan a bos aguinne, * ' Stcit/ on this side with us.
Ta se abfad ona tig, He is far from his house.
•Ch^iJl si anmc as an tir, She went out ofthe^ coun-
try.
D'i i me go leor don biad, / eflt enough of the ^neat.
The construction of adverbs promiscuously e^^m*
plificd.
Nar eirig tu go uiiOc ? Did you arise early f
TamuU bqag na diaigsin, A little while after that^
Seal beag roiriie, A little while before.
Niar codail me moran I dicl not sleep much last
arfeir, night.
Bhi me^ uiir no do, ar ti 1 waSy once or twict^
cur orm, about to put on tng
deaths.
Ta .dMl agam a dul, as I intend to go from homt^
baile aniarac, to-marrow.
Ca huair a tiucfas si air JVhen will she come back
a hais? , again?
^e>^
Ca Tada o p6sad i? How long is it since she
was married?
Do posad anuraig i. She was married loit
year.
lEirig go <;lisde, Rise quickly.
Na dfean amuil, feasda, Do not delay ^ henceforth.
Is annam a teigimse sios I seldom go do^n tothtm%
cuca,
Is mlnic a fqait; me Z was often invited.
^luread,
Thaiaic
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ized by Google
SXVTAXk
131
Thig se air uairiU,
l>€irim nacar ioc sp en-^
feorlin,
Nar imtig an fear, a bi
aniiso arfeir?
Nior diol «e an dadam,
Carb as do ?
Candeacaid se?
Ca huair a dimtig se ?
Nac dtuigean tu me?
Gud a$ nac neistcan tu
lioui?
Ni cuiread se suim ann,
CAit a bfiiil se anois?
Car fag tu ^?
Suicl anaice liom,
Na tar imo c6ir,
Ka tar angar.dam,
Na tar abfogus dam, ^
Suid go dluit le mo taob,
B'fada Horn amuig tu,
im, >
dam, 3
Is fada dfan tu tall,
Cahuairatainic tu auMl?
Is cian o cuaid tu anonn,
Is gearr go raca me siar
aris,
Cia be sin a dtaob siar
diot?
Cia he sin a dtaob tall
diot?
BTearr liom beit 'tall, na
bosj
N^ bi dul siar 's aniar,
ffe comes sometimes.
I say that he did not pay
a farthing.
Did the man depart^ wh<f
' was fiere last night ?
He did not pay any.
From zvitence is he ?
JVhere went he ?
JVhen did he go?
Don*i you understand
me?
JVhy do you not hearken
tome?
He would maJce m dc*
count of it.
JVhere is he now ?
JVhere did you leivc
him?
Sit near me.
Do not came near me.
Sit close by my side. ^
I thought long whm you
were abroad^
You staid long behind.
JVhe^ did you come over?
It isiong since you went
over.
It is a short time^ till I
will go over again.
JFho is that behind you?
JJ^ho is tlmt beyond you ?
I would rather be beyond,
than on this side.
Do not go back and for
ward.
6 2 Ta
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J«3ja
af«rtAX.
Ta ^e'dtiriiiimi 'saiiialV
Na bi dui slos- i& siia&j
Sgeul a ^uala me dan xy
som;
Oii fear crioHna, a tainic
a gc6ki,v
He is gving ta ih^'fra.
J^imt go upafid dMf^.
A story that IheaPd'hng
ago.
From a n>ise fnan^ that
cameJ'roPi afar.
Gur glas Aa mijillaig ttfad That hills are greMjhr
uainn^
Ta an taiian sin ro ihait^
©to buailead ^ le Suine
eile,
A*i mar sin ata?
Nir diol se na fiaca?
I)& ririB ata me,
Cred fa nac mbuailinii^ ?
from us.
That bread k ^er^ go^dl
He im^ sptruck^b^'OiMtHei^
man.
Is it sof
Did he pay the dkbt^f
I am in earnest.
Why should I not strike
himf
Nfel^teigaiionii niosmd, Do not goober at^mdfe^
Tosaig go prab. Begin instantly. -
Niar cuir se moran araig He neve^goKmnmeh he^
Beag
uim nam,
iiai mbionn na
huile daoine oga in-
ge^ air macnaois,
Ta. tu ro faka,
Gud as aii Kaiit^ tu leis?
Yhx cnir se ftes air a
cofra ?
Is liomsa an teac mor
sin taltj
Go de mur ta tu?
't-hainic se asteac air art
mball,
Ta s^ abfogus don oidce,
Ba liom %. sul ar diol
me ^,
lar gcloistin nasgeula do,
Druid tu fein astig ann
do tig,
to her.
Almost aUym^ pec^^
are fond ofptaf.
You are i>ety lazy*.
Why did you meddle with
it? "
Did he send for his chest f
That great house beyond
is mine.
How are you ?
He came in immedkitely^
It is near the night.
It was minCy before Isold
it.
When he heard the story.
Shut thyself in thy hous&.
PREPOSITION.
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S'y<N-'PA*»* ISS
PREPOSITION-
U Tlie following; pTOpositions aspiiate the tiouu»
that tlicy govern ; viz. (140)
Mr^ upon; Gfaii^ mtAotit^
De^. efi lonasui'd;. tmtoi
Do, to, Ma«;. Uki^tj^
Faoi, fuid, under, Tre, trid, through;.
Fead,, throughout, X Um, uim^, about ;,z%
Fud, amongi
Ta se aif droc sl^iut^ ITe i^ i;? Aflrf health. ' -
Is mait iad' do daoiiiib They are good to aiiicr
eile, people.
Ce be tiodlkradfuaramar Whatever talent we re^
6 Dhia, ceivedfrom God.
S. Anfl, in, and iar, afte7\ eclipse then' nouns ;
as, (141.)
Bhi me a liDiin, iar / was tn- Doum,, afi(a^
' dt^act daifi o hAlbain, coming from ScotlaiuL
* te; withy i^.fromy and go, to, prefix h to vowels;
as, rinne me sin le heagal, / Md that through fear ;
cuaid se go hEirin, he went to Ireland, (142.) /
3. Chum> tOi, Iar, after,
Deis, after, lonnsuid, tinto,
Fead/ throughout, Heir, accordi^tg to,
Fud; aiiwng, •Ximcioll, about,
aaid aUi the e^pfcssions^ formed by the union of
nouns* with prepositions, govern th« genitive; as,
(143.)
Indiaig eirige na gealaig, After the moons rising,
JBhi me tinn air fead na / was sick during the
hoidce, night.
Chnai'd
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\
184 SYNTAX.
Chuai'd si agcionn She went to her fvorte,
a hoibre,
Reir tola De, According to the will of
God.
Ma tig a mac na cuinnc, If his son comes for fiim^
4. Do, tOy governs the dative ; and idir, between^
the accusative; as, tabair an leabair do na mnalb,
give the book to the women.
5. All tlie other prepositions govern the ablative f
viz.
Ag, aty Le, leis, with,
Air, upon, / Mar, like to, as,
Ann, iw, O, ua, yrom,
As, out ofy Os, ebove^
Chuige, tOy Re, ris, /o,
Dar, ^, , Roime, before,
De, of\ Seaca, bj/j in compa-
Fa, upon, &c. rison with,
Faoi, fuid, under, Thar, tairis, over,
Gan, without, Tre, trid, through,
Go^ gus, to. Urn, uime, about; as,
D'eirig me uair^roime la, 1 rose an hour before day.
Ni Taran se air ni air bit. It does not jit any thing.
J^il moran d^oine s^ista There are not mnny peo-
le na gcineamnaib, pie satisfied with their
jor tunes.
Ta siad air buile fa na They are enraged at his
rat, prosperity.
6. Sometimes the govcrr^ment of the preposition
is not observed, when gac, each, uile, all, or some
such adjective comes before the substantive; as,
cuaid fear le gac bean aca, a man went with every
woman. (144.)
The
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SYNTAX.
136
Tbe construction of prepositions promiscuously
exemplified. »
Sui'd inaice an tsoluis,
Seasam os cuinne an do-
rais,
Na tar am aiharc,
Na bi a mbaile m6r, no
a gcaisleah, gan bean
air do leitsgeul,
Rinne me so le heagal,
Ceitre troigc air doim-
neacd,
Chuaid se fan mbaile,
Chuaid se cum an baile,
Chuaid si agcuinne mine,
A ndeiread na hoidce,
Raca sise fapi Dhorfinac,
field si pdsda faoi ceann
bliad^a,
Hoiihe liiide na hoidce,
Mar mnaoi a biad faoi
lean dub,
Ta si neamacfuinea cJiir
breug a innse,
Bhi sr6n cam air Gholl,
Mar infearaib fear ag si-
nim teud,
. Ta sin do rfeir na firinne,
Is cQsmuil le firinne ^, .
SgridSam air uairib le
solas coindle.
Is cosiiiuil le bojsgasnaoir
sin h,
Bionn si na gcomnaig sa
Jeag mdr ud,
Sit near the light.
Stand opposite the doon
Do not come into my sights
Be not in a city or castle
without a wotnan to
befriend yovt.
I did this for feUr.
Three feet in depth.
He went throughout of
about the town.
He went to the town.
She went for meal.'
In the latter part of the
night.
Shewillgo before Sunday.
She will be married be-
fore a year.
Befoi% night fall.
As a woman who would
be under melancholy.
She is incapable of telling
a lie.
Gaul had a crooked nose.
Like the Jingers of men
playing harps.
That w conformable to
the truth.
It is like the truths
I write sometimes by can^^
die light.
It is like a snuff-box^
She dwells, in
great house. ,
yonder
Sc
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tm6
SYNTAX.
Se sin an bealac go Baile-
An Bfuil a f ios agad ca
air a l>fail«gcan agan>?
Is iomda fear saidb)^ gan
suaimneas,
Is h6^g<a solas ^n tsao-
.Is Te .na natair fe,
Ta beoir a dtig i&^uilise,
Ni raibeamar e caint fed
atairse,
NI i€m^toil a,|)6s si ^
Ta mac sa^ arm aige^
Abair .focal no /do .don
ariipan,
Ameasg mac n^ ^gairt,
.po peacamairne. anagaid
De,
Do deana^esidt ttxltajoib
a,|>eacaid,
Tharnic Bejcgo.hAlhainn,
That L^ the waif to Duv
lin.
Do you know whom I
love^
Inhere is many a rich man
without tranquillity.
He has iitik pleasure in
the world.
It is their father's.
There is.oMr An your
hou^e.
We were .not speaking
about your father^
It. was mot 'withmym^l
that she married him.
He has a sonin the army.
Repeat a word oTitrnff
ike song.
Among the sons of the
priests^ * '
Ire haxe sinmd ^gaiwt
God.
He shall mahe.peaeeieim-
cerni^^g his ,sin.
He came to Scotland,
CONJUIJCTIQN.
1 . Qriaie conjunctions, agus, lanHj :no, jor, 'na^ t^Ki??,
and the likc,\have»ihe same moods, and cases, after
them that go \ before tliem; ^,^amuil mar ata, agus
bi^^us bias ;<go b^atac, aSiitwaSy. aniUsyjomliskall
be for ever; *tosac an lae agus na ihoibre, iihe be-
ginning of the day mtd ofikcwork. (145.) ,
2. Mar, as, o, since, sul, before that, )ma, if,
mwx, if not, na, than, gur, timt, >and ttheir'jwm-
pounds, aspirate; ^,
J[ia6am
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ftacufi lett imt *t^ se il^t^ui g^i^wUA kim,'^
linn, V he come zeitM iwi *
Fagaknb^^ ocoauafec 'JktfnediBj Una I kMe
, '' ^ •^- •- ^ " '"■*^ - • •'
3. Go, tkat^ da, i^ muna, if not, nw^ ikaf,
Mid t\mt campouo^ eelipsei ^od pfeftx' n lb
vowels} as, (14£) ' ^ . '
Deirim go dtainic . se I say that he cafnp iater.
1/c nac bfuilid hk) briat^ O that my words were
r^ anoU sgrioH'ta, ^ «par wPtttm. : !. I
Muna Mllea'd de uaioa^ If tie had mi tutned
from nk.
The construction of conjunctions promiscuously
. exemplified.
Ma cuala tu-me, If you heard me.
Ge gur buail'me 6, Although tfiat I struck
him.
Ge go mbuailfinn h^ Although I had struck
him.
Muna dtiucfad aonduine Unless some one would
na cuinne, come for him.
Cluinim go bposfar bean / hear that one of the
aca, women will be mar-
ried.
Da dtiucfad linn fiii- If we could stay.
reac,
Cogad Eoin moir agus The war of Eoin the
Chuinn ciad ca'taig, greats and Conn of an
hundred battles.
Ni bfuaras bias bid no There was not a taste of
dige, meat or drink found.
Ar an aBar sin fuigfid an Therefore 'shall a man ^
fear a atair, agus a leave his father and
"ihatair, his mother.
T Is
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*^Js ,wA iittl.rnft: isv fokHr 7%<y urc »iorr tham din
aipetii*^* /; > . be numbered.
Ma ata nae l>fml>]no Itig Alth&ugk my hmuc be
mar am i^ Dia, giidead not so with 6W, ^ «
do riiine se ceangal ke haih made a awe--
liDipta^t , /v , , nanimth me.
Leor ^m tqagmff'tac/ d(x ^ Moretnw /^ ^Aem f> Mji
searbfogantuid, servant warned.'
D'eagal go bfuigead sib^ Lest ye die.
^.— .♦As^^. ■ •'••^ v^ ' •; y • -^ ' '
Oir is tu is c6ir a faghail, For 'you hone a right t6
vr • •/..•', ^ ;; • V \ .\ ' ' get it. .-
lonnas gut dean se a & thnt he denied his
litttigiktir, \ master.
Biod go bfuil tu said- Altfiough you be rich.
bir,
Ge ta tu laidir, Notwithstanding you are
strong.
IKTEliiSCTIOH.
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SYNTAX. 199
INTERJECTION.
1. The interjection a, 0^ requires the vocative;
and aspirates the noun next to it; as, aXhiama
De, O Lord God. (147.)
2. Mairg, wo tOy and the like, require the da-
tive; as, mairg duitse a duine Hona, wq to you^
wretched man. (148.)
The construction of iiiterjections promiscuoufijy
exemplified.
As truag nac |>fuilim . iFo is me that I am not J
Faraor! tamoid uile faoi Alas! we are all subject
c4in don eug, to death.
Mairg damsa ! a bi mo ff^o to me / who was si-
tost, ^ lent.
Monuar, is truag do AlaSy hard is your fote /
. cineaihuin!
Tar an so, a Sheamais, Come hithery James,
£ist, eist, mo leanab ! Hushy hush, my child!
Mo lean gur im'tig mo Alas that my friends are
-cairde ugiim! gone from me!
Uc! ucj ca trualge tu- Alas! alas! whatasor-
ras. rowful journey.
SliD 0$ THE GfUMMAK
T2
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x;'-*
/: • •
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NOTES,
1 . It it hnpostible to 'find Engiisb words, irhith c:iihitHr
all the sounds of the Irish language. The words contaitied'
in tbis taMe, «re such is mm^ neatly resenbie tbem ; the
eiea»9f>les, t^wever, wiHte«atbfiaotorf' to^mch as read for
their prit^ate UDprovement, «imI will be found rety impor-
tttyt) m «sticting ciie instructions of the ^ teacher.
'2. Ttie pnepotttion in, ^n, ttas eivcientty fire6xed to
md»f weridk; but> far sound's sake> the nwM omitted ; as;
cath, a battle f igcath, in battle. In latter agei, in 9fder
totoomply with a mio of ce«iparatively modem in^^ntion^
(which » noted in «reatitig of the 90wels,):tbe i w«» changed
into a; a», agtcatti; 6till, bowever, die eame rapidity of
puMMMciaiMfi, wMdi Dhe i reoeiTed, was applied toa{
sod, in manir fiittanoes, the i or la was eattrciT' oniitted,
both in writing and spedkif>g ; as, ta me in >mo cbedladti,
properly contracted into, imo lobodiadb; but oommotily
wtitMli and 0pok«n mo diodladb, I amushep, orrn^
sleeping state.
$: The thick sound ^^, and t, resembles the hardest
soumdof tb, in the finghsh word ihink; bot^ in fornmg
chis thick leund, the tongue mitst be strongly pressed
agatfist the foist of %he upper Ibretec^, instep of being
protraded between the teexh^ by which means the aspim-
lionis^M>ivipletdy stofiped, and these ooBKynants receive
nothing of that semivocal sound which ^is given to il^ in
fiogiieh.
4. arid 5. The sounds of I, and n double, arete^ formed
by the same position of the tongue; ri». by pfitcing it is0
as torpress upon t^ upper lereteeth and gum, while the
p ain t <>f it is peroeptiUe between the teesb. The otijy
diflenenoe, in forming theni) is, tbot the aspiratidn to 1 is
guttural, and to n, i^isal.
6. Tins sound 4s fbfined l|y digbtly teuching the sound
cf -ae English, before, as well as after r; as if the wor4
Jrec was wfiden and pfwottocndy fffret^
7- Thif
Digitized by VjOOQIC
143 KdTES.
7. This toand of t is much more bard and forcible tban
Ibat of sinrle s in English : it is formed by presenting the
point of the tongue to the aperture ol the teeth, and
expressing a very strong aspiration.
i. See note 3.
9. In ancient it'ritings, the letter b was prefixed to
vowels, nauch inore frequently tban in modern ones; thus €,
he^ ij she J were anciently written be, and hi. But it was
very seldom attached to consonants, the pronunciation of
which was left to the reader^s own judgment. The oon-
traction, formed by ftzing- a point over a consonant, is a
modera invention.
' 10. The broad vowels are frenfoeody commuted for eaoku
pibar, when, they are not emphafeical ; and, in like manner-^r
the mall voewela may be commuted for each other; as,
oiriseall, hwnhhii may lie written uirisioU. This change
can be made only wben the vowel or diphthong is short ;
tbas bus, ieath^ is always written with a; out has, ikepghm
^.ike handf may be also written bos.
,11. Band p, o and g, d and t, were frequently com4
m^ed, in ancient writinas; thus agus, or ocus, andf^
Ubbairt, or laphairt, speaks cuairt, or cuMrd, a vmi; ^
aiidy since it became usual to aspirate consonants, bb and
pm, db and f^, have often been cemmuted in the aamfe
manner; as, adhaigh, or agbaidb, thefme.
ISL Db and gb miay be written indifierently, intermi*
BiHNeosyor where they are not radical ; as, biaab,or \mg)^
meats fiadhnuise, or fiagbnuise, witness.
la. Grammarians have commonly laid it down as a rule,
tbftt- f may be eclipsed by d, m, or t, as well aa by bb;
but this is not corrept. Th^ examoles given jof tbrae
eclipses are only cpmractions for mo, do, (or to, instead of
d(»); tbiui, dofheotl, ortofheoil^ iky^sA^ iaooilimooly
wrttten dfheoiil, or tf beoi] ; and mo thear, "m^kuskana,
i» written mf bear.
14. It will appear, from these tables, tbat tbei^reatje^
part of ^ words in iVisb eonsist of one or two syllabjes;
aU radical words do so; but tbey are very easily cook
pounded ictfo word« of threes ot four syllables. In studying
these tables, therefore, the learner alio^td be accustom^
to. resolve the polysyJlab)es Jolo their constituent parts,
and observe the separate force of each part.
Al^KMigfa the directions^lriady given are most agreeable
to the true pronunciation of the Irish ItogUage, yet a con*
siderable diversity pma^^ in the nvinndr of speaking it^ it|
different
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Mterent plaaaik It would he imfmsiibh to mafy alt the
<bviatii»is ffom r^> that ha^e evmipted the exftemm
of iihe varioiit'p(Mmee»} but the ibUowihg may lerfe at^
a fefr/ms|tance^ of them, i ' i ■
'In general the accem fails; on the first syllableB^iatiii tfaft
f»'ttici(ile k observed in the north af Ireland; a^j^^rai^;
dread; rasur, a razor: but, in the soitth and vestv-tbef
. lay aran^ rasiHr, &€*/ ' ; *
Again, when n follows c, g, m, or t, it h pronounced ,
in the north, like r; as, cpamh, a bone ^ cramh^.cno, a
nut 9 cro ; gntbmh, an actigUj griomh; tputh, env^^ truth ;
but in the south and wesi the true pVonunciation is re->
taln^fC anditbesi recehFes its 01^ sound. ' ... 1
. By &c fln, vlien aspiri^ed, was originally sounded ari;^)
aa^.oio oibatbair, fay mother ^ pronounced *mo vatfawr;
Thut aneient pconancsation is still retained in the ncfrtb «^
Ireland, as in Scotland, and the Isle o£ Man. It is lahtf
inetaapied in the south, in the beginning* of word!^; and the .
Iniddie, if joined by a small vowel ^ thus, saidbbbir^ mAj
they pronounce, saivir. But if the next Towel be broad^
as in the wonis fogbmbar, harvest; and faoUiar, mt «i%»;
which should. be pronouneed £ovar, and fadvar, (bmig
words of two di^hact syllaUei^) diose of thw south eotMy
ittfifuress ^ eooionalft ; and, contracting the twor tyllaUea
into one, they isay, fdar, and faer.
. Throughout Connaught, Ldnster, and some conntittf of
Ubtc^, the sound of w is substituted for that of t^ ip v»^
]Mesent bb, andimh. Thus, mo bh^s, my deaths and mo
ariiac, mp son^ (properly sounded, mo v^s, and mo vac,)
are pronounced, mo was, an4 mo wac Thus tws, in ^im
Apostle's creed, the wol*ds, gabhadh on Spierad Naomh,
mmtwed from the Holy C^host^ are pr<^uneod in the
west of Ireland) gow tm Spiorad-Naomh; without eonsi*
dering that the .word gabhadh, in ancient manoscripls, is
often written capudh, being clearly of ttie sawo ofigiii
With the Latin eafio.
Ch, at the omI of weirds, or syllables, is ver<f weakly tm*
Mresaed by the natives of Ulster : ach raoetTes no. more
ibpee^ than if it we«e written ah^ and di, faeliire r, is
qmte silent ki all the country aiof^ the aea const, froiv.
Uerry to Waterford ; thus, bbi <iiHne bocht, there was^n:*
poor many is there proooiineed, bht dnine hot, ' <
■ Th it 'also oaattted in pronoundng naany ilvorda* such as
atb^. /a/ier, owitfHitr, moihe^^ &ol^:i».most of the coen*
ties ot Ulster, and thn.eaat of Leimter, where tbes9 words^
ai«.pronouiicedas if ivritten ajMr, maain
Such
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
' Silch/isiifpMaeno^AlKjMtoiriDobUccd^
nmmif foTiwhicb k a careful attcMaaoe.tfl tfaoee «iil6%
which are framed corhformably torfChe ortliagtaiikf^ and
illini6bdl,K|ioii the aotfiatfkf o^Um ancieota) lii ^tiaoa time
|keJai\g«age arai tukiviMBd and refidadioffiaiial^ beya«4
tbafl^odnmanannttr of akprta^NMi. . *
15. The article is, simply^ as iolldwa)
•Singular. ' .\ ,' Plural. . .
Nom. Art. ' u
G^n. Masc^ ait; fern. na. ' / ' !
It ia inflected, in the diifavent caaea, by prefixing ih tot
the Native; as, do an, eonttaoted, don,, and. dona: and
tean^^sonM prepoekion that ^vcrni liheaUatite; aa^leit)
IMT) &c» foar of which ace cshibttad with the artide^ hj
Irajr of .example*.
16. These rdba oraliprdMsfiddtll the infotmaiiciD rnspacu
jigi genders, that can be- <^ use to a learner. Suak wocd^
aadonoftcoMe ander tlMm, OMist be karocd by practiee;
Nor is it jof any consequence, to a person wbo does net
ifieak Iciih aafaia native tonffoe, to be told, tlfMk ihCfiroi'
nemi e, ke^ wMl agree mio tbe nMLacobne aoly ; i, jfo;^
wiftH the fainiBtiie} or that the gendet may be aac^rtaismd
by trying tbe concord of a nomi with the. 'artide. .
1% :|a will appear^ qpdn iaspeetti^ tbe deden^iona, that
nam in geattfal undergo not more than two inflexioAsi
besides, tbe nomioattjre; and that they mij^ be deobaed
wHh tbreecnesi ria. the nominatite, genitu^and dativiaw
S)tt expnrtenoe has juffioiently proved, that learners mom
eaadv oomprtbend the construction of a langaage^ wbei^
worda^ wbieh are .used in dinectly oppoaite attoationa,. aro
dbooteinated difFerentty, even tbough there beiiettifierence
in tb^r foam; than when the- same title «ia given' to the
ajgent, and the object in discourse. Hencaitbe usaai ,divi«>
aton into six cases has been adopted, as beii^ beat suited
far tbe purposes of grammatical' construction.
I». The nonm of the Iriab iaoguaf^ soem naturaUy tw
divide theaMclves into tbe four decieaaions hereexhabtlod^^
afidthe'eaauipiea, cbmed under each, compaehend a ooft^
auierabie nuoiber of nouns; an expertness in declintn|p
which, will cenderail othei^easy and fkonliar.
The preposition fe, wHkf wbich is exbibitodas tbe sign
of tbe ablative, baa been chosen merely £er convenieneef
but any other preposition govenung the abladve woiilM'
answer equally well, and migbt be substituted in stt pk^oc;
If
Digitized by VjOOQIC
If it bie«tiU i'egretted, that W specific rules can -be gwei^;
to ascertain in every instance to whfet dectension a i^'ord;
belcings, ftotn 'an in8|)ection^of the nominative alone— -it is
to-be coBsWered,, tW thtfe diifieulty is not fHsculiar to ^he
Irkife ; and a moderate degree of attention wiM overcome U
in ihts as weH as in otber langu.ages.
'IS. The list of heteroclites migiht be rendered more oo-
picAiSy by attending !to<tihe vai(io»is inSexions of nouns, iu
the difl'erent fwrts of /Ipelland . Bat :sis tUis^ would be '4es*
cendir^ to the sanction of.pro^incial b^rl^isBis, it^p^pe^rad
more adviseable to state those only which are ui^iforip^y irT
regrular. Perhaps, even toth^e, additions i3^igbt*he made^
M*hich ^bave escaped the notice of the compiler.
flO. Having flearned to decline iioun&alane, rthe $ludent
will easily inflect; t^heia with the article, wbich should b^
fccjipft a business entir^y sepurate from the former. Almost ^
every noun may be inflected wiith tbe article,; and it woMi4
be no unprofikble cKercile if the cixaiinples under the
fopegoing deciensions were revised, in union with th6
article.
2tl . Akhoogb the oombhuition of w^>rjds, "such as artiolea^
nouns, and «»djectivels inBected together, belongs mofe
pvdperly to syntax, ^et it was tbt>iight adi^i^eable to exhi-
bit them here; and the student, in learning the nse^fthe
. article, (see p,;9i,) should always refer to tbeise exam pies.
(22. ?Rarticiplc8 ending in ^kj vwhich come under this
I'ule, tsbe the additional, iti the nominattive plural; as^
beannai^h, beatmaigb^he, Messed.
;^3. Adjectives are frequently eclipsed, after notms, tin
tte !ablatiire singular, aiKJ genitive plurail; as, on -gooisf
Jrsoin thttfwt; na la bhfuarj, of the cold dm^s.
24. The genitiwe of many adjectives requires an increase;
irt order ftO'fbrm the comparative; as dkidb, .gen. d^luidhe,
comp. diuiche.
De, oftiy is dften added tb comparatives; as, giovrkide,
the shorter vf it; budh deirge dbe siiji.
25. In order to make the expression complete, as re^
quires air bithy after the adjective; as, as gile air hiith%./A<?
whitest of all ; but «trr ii/A is often omitted.
'Ho, verj/y can hardly be said to denote a supevlativ^ :de^
gree of comparison; as it simply signifies a high degree <rf
the equality that is expressed; but it is moit conveniently
*«la8sed with superlatives, in grammar; /and, wbenthisdii^
tinction is observed, it can occasion no error*
26. Some other adjectives iseem to form tln^ degrees of
comparison irregularly.; as, isioli^ A^tv, nios isle> tomen^ &Q.
u but.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
146 NOTES.
but, as these are i>nly contractions for the full words, they
mav be better learned by practice.
Fogus, near^ cotnpar. foigse^ may be added to tbra list.
27. These are the names of the nunierals, ^ now ex-
pressed. .In former times the higher decades were ex-
pressed by single words; as, triocbad, thirty^ ceathrachad,
forijfy nochad, ninety^ &c. ; and the ordinals were formed
accordingly; but these words are no longer generally in-
telligible, and it would -only perplex the learner to exhibit
obsolete words, which may be easily learned in reading
ancient writings.
. '28. In the north of Ireland, mur iscommonlv said, in-
stead of bhur,3^wr; but it is never used in correct writing.
29. The use of these abbreviations is to avoid that hiatus,
which is occasioned by a concurrence of vowels ; and it is
a principle upon which the euphony of this, and every other
polished language is founded.
30. The simple and original relative is a, wAo, whichy
for which do, or noch, is often iised in writing. An te,
properly means the male person (xvha understood); and
an ti, the female pei'son. Ce be, is a contraction for cia,
cc, or ci, who, foadh, weve^ and e, he, she, or it. But in
all these expressions the relative a, who or whkhy is either
expressed or understood.
31. Creud is mofe u^d in writings of some age, than in
lamiliar conversation. Go de, as it is commonly written,
and pronounced, may be only an abbreviation for guid
(Latin quid J, c, what is it? And it has been ingeniously
observed, by Mr. Stewart, that the pronoun should be dis-
tinguished here by tlie termination ; viz. that, in speaking
of males, wc should say, guiit ^ — of females, guid i; but
this distinction is not observed in ancient writings.
. 32. JSiid, yonder^ is frequerttly used instead of ild, after
pronouns of the third person ; as, 'se si!id an fear ceadna,
yonder is the same man: or when put absolutely, the noun
being understood ; as, le sild, mthygn ; a bhfaic tu sildi
do you see yon f'
33. Liom, leat, &c. 'These compoimd pronoun* are
read, in books and writings of some aotiqiiity, (as they are
"still retained in the Scottish Galic,) riom, riot, ris, rinn,
tibb, riu.
34. It may be sufticient to mention liere, once for all,
that there is some variety in the orthography of these pro-
nouns, even among the most correct writers. Thus, th«
third persQQs singular feminine, aice, aisde, chuice, &c.
iwight be more correctly terminated in ii aS, aici, aisdi,
chuici.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
NOTfeS. 147
diuici, &c. being formed by the cpmbiiiatidn of the pre*
positions with i, she. But as this orthography never was
generally practised, it \vas not thought adviseable to de*
viate from the written standards of the language.
Thus lioiU is frequently writtea learn; uirre, uirtl^i;
orra, orrtha; uadhfa, uabhtha, and the like; but, Jn all
these instances, the original and radical sounds are pre-
served; the only licence being in the use of the- adven-
titious letters.
35, There is a peculiar delicacy and beauty in the use of
the increase in Irish, which it is hardly possible to express
i*n anv other language. The utmost accuracy is observed,
even by the most illiterate native, in thus distinguishing
the leading, or most prominent subject in the sentence.
Sometimes, in order to mark a peculiar emphasis, the
word fein, self^ is used instead of the terminatioas usually
added; as, nnne me fein e, I myself did it,
36. This subject is so very important, that the learner,
who desires io become a proficient in the Irish language,
should not fe&i satisfied with the few examples liere exhi-
bited; but retrace the declensions, combining nouns, ad-
jectives, and pronouns, in every variety, and marking
accurately tb^ distinction of meaning produced by the
<eiiiphatical increase.
S7. Some respectable Jrish grammariiuis represent the
inflexions of verbs as much more sioipie than they are here
exhibited ; but it is much to be questioned whether, through
too great eagerness for simplifying, they do not occasion
p^Qre obscurit^v, than the most tedious examples would
produce. Tlie inquif^itive student will wish to see the va-
rious modes of thought and action fully expressed? and he
can consent hifl^self wi^h committing to memory those that
are rad/cflZ/y different; and which are distinguished by
feeing inflected through all the persons.
it is prpper to observe, that all the inflexions of the
frprbs, (particularly the .terminations of the second and
tl|if4 pef^Oji^ plural,) are not equally used, in common
^yriting and conversation, throughout every part of Ireland.
But, as it would be impossible to specify all the local idioms^
it appeared sutKcient, to omit only such words as are ob-
solete, and to insert such as are understood in general,
adopting the best Jrish authors as the criterion of pro-
priety. ^ ' \
Some writers on Irish j^rammar deny the existence of an
ifafinitivc, and say that the place of it is supplied by a ver-
,fc*l ooiinj'but this is ^onlyquibblitig about names;- the
u S^ infinitive.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
148 iroTBsf.
hiflnitire, anct participte, iriiply tl»^ fqrce of iiouns, in
Irish, as HI all dtber languages.
9^. 'These, and- the like, may more properly be consi-
dered as participial .phrases, composed oi> the infiniti^w,
and a preposition, thatt as sirnpie pi^rticiples^
40. This second formof the preseiui tense is the origi-
nal, and correct one ; the first is nothing more than the*
sifmple verb, XvHhf a prefixed; but they are both very
commonly used, both in writing and speaking.
4ti fe^ k)l interrogations, un f is either expressed or un-
derstood ; sometimes it is pronounced a, on account of the
fotlowing consonant; sometimes it is entirel*^' omitted, as
m the present iostance; and sometimes, before A, it is
changed imo m; as^ a mbuailir? mh thou strike?^
42:. This form of the preter tense diflfers from the pre-
ceding, in kbe omission 6f the sign d^. The sign o^ the
preter was anciently written ro, or ad, as well as ^>; b»t
in iwddcrn speaking, and writing, it is very often ©muted,
and the ^ense is ascertained by the form of the verb.
4S. Instead of raibh siad^ in the third person plura),
rabhadar \vas commonly in use some time since; but it is
hardly understood at present.
44. Tbe«e pefsons are indiffjprently written biann, or
bionn. (See note 10.) This consuet-ijdinaf tense, (whi«h
some trriters make a separate mood), is very much used,
fn all verbs, tx» denote an usual 0V hatbituai state of actting
or being.
45. The interrogative an? is here changed into m, for
Sound's sake, the a being usually omitted. (See note 41.)
46. The second person plimil is someiimes written
beithi, instead of beidh, ^e ahaU be.
47. In siKh expressions as these, the relative a, a?A(7, is
always expressed or understood.
48. Muna is most correctly the sign .of this tense.; and
mur, which is also used 3 rs nothing more thdn a^ rapid and
vulgar manner of expression.
4^. This abo may bp written bhias; 01!, an it i$ some-
times pronounced, bhciidhajy.
, 50; Mur i« frequently used, instead of mtto^^ in'this
tense, as in the present; negative, Subjunctive.
51. These expressions are l^iterally translfated^ it wer^
g9Q.d with me .th»t I were ; and,' r/ kvere beitet\witk w«
that I TVere, Many such phrases are used ; as, budh mhkm
Mora, / desire^ is triiagh Vtom n^ch raibh me, I arn sorry
lam 7Wt. ' ,
52. The mHentij^l can hafdly be c^tkd a simple mood,
Digitizeci by VjOOQIC
in, Iri^b, ^s it is ahia}^ formed by tjlie combinatipn of tw/^
or more \vor(|s. These forn|s of expression, however, arc
extremely cp^iouiu), aodi nefress^ry to he; well understpodt
And, ^s ihey are equivalent to tl\e comf^ound moods and .
tenses of tho English, aj)d otfter language^ it seetns proper
to arrange t)iep» under the ti()& of a separate moodi.
53. Many tegular rerbs migiit be exhttJiited aa examples,
sM dtf6bring in some mifiufee partkakMis ; but a cemarkable
proof of tbafe which is chosen beiag qne of the most proper
is, that it is the same which has been adopted by Mr.
iSteWart, in ki& Gali€ grammar, publi^li^ long sinco this
was written.
54. la these expressions, (as in those noted 4r7,^tbe
vebtive a, who, which y is alw'^iys expressed qx uadei>^
stood.
55. The sign do is frequently omkted in this tease;
and' the personal termioations are seldom used ia vulg^
conversation, ta the £cse, diale^t^^ tbey ace entirely
omitted.
In old manuscripts, the termioation seam, or siom, is
somatinies written in the ir^ person plural; as,' do bboail-
seam, for, do bhuaileamar, xee stnick*
56. Tq , these may be added the preter interrogative,
negative, nachair bbuail me, did I not striJce? iiast is
sometimes written for na^har, by mistake.
57. The second person plural is sometimes wxitten btiail-
fid^e; awtthe third person, buailfid. The f, in th«. first
io^m of th^ future, is introduced iit order to glv« mope
strength to the expression ; and the termination rs wrijtten
indifferently ead, or id, when the penult ends in a small
vowet; as, briftfipad, or, biisfid, I shaH, or^ wil{ break.
But if the penult be broad, ad only irs used ; as, ^asfad,
T shall ^ ovy will txmst. There are many Viccbs, however ^^
which do not admit f in the future.
5%. The same observation, with respect to the relative,
which is ra^de, notes 47, and 54, is to be continued here.
59. When the penult ends in a broad vo^jel, thje termi-
nation of this tense is regujarly faina; as, da g4)asfaiun«
But more usually a broad vowel is inserted, before inn,
' to correspond with that in the penult; as, da gaasfaino, or
^cmhuviny had I twisted.
'j'ho f is fre^jwent'ly omitted ia this tense, except in the
second person singwJar: an4 the sacoiid person pUic»l is
' frequently used, without the pronoun. The orthidgca^y
of the se-veiifal persoos is various^ \n dtflferent maf^ueteripts,
but still the radical sounds are retained^ as,
: - Da
Digitized by VjOOQIC
150 NOTES^.
^^\ i sent' 1 ^''» y had ye sent.
Da gcuirthea, ^ ' (. Da gcuirfithe, J
Da gcuireadh se, had he sent; Da gcuiriclis, had tkcysehfm
60. It will be an useful exercise for the learner, here, to
fornr-a number of potential phrases, by combining 4ioKn^
Jeat, &c. damh, duit, &c. with such words as those exbi^
bited in these examples.
6t. The simple, paVticiple is bnailte. The terroinatioti
is somewhat various, in different verbs: see page 66, For-
ma^n of the passii-e voice. Thus, when the last vowel
of the penult is broad, the termination is ta; as, cast»,
twisted; or an i is inserted in the penult; as, brugh bruighte,
bruised. When the termination of the imperative is a soft
guttural, the t is often aspirated, for sound^s sake; asi,
giorruigh, shorten^ giorruighte, or rather giorruighthe,
shortened.
62* This termination is often lengthened by poetic in-
vention, db being inserted before the last syllable; as,
buailfidhear, for buailfcar.
63. The preter negative may be formed thus; muna be
gur bualadh me ; or^ muna mbuailfidh me,
64. These verbs nearly correspond, in their nature, to
those commonly denominated neuter. But they are not so
|)umerous, as none of them are used to denote any strong
exertion, even when the action does not fall upon another
object. ^
65. The observation made on the letter a, with respect
to the preposition ann, is fully exemplitied here, and
throtighoutlhese verbs. See also page 92, rule 10*,
' 66. This interrogative can hardly be used* in the first
person, but it is exhibited here, for the sake of uniformity^
6t. A%\t has been more than once observed in other
notes, there is some variety in this tense; as spoken in dif-
ferent places; %&us,
Ni choidealam, nt chotdealfad, or ni choideala me, I mill
not sleep,
J\ gcoidealfad? a gcoidealam ? &e. shaU I sleep? He.
6S. As the potential mood is formed, w these verbs, by
aid of the same words that are already exhibited in bi, and
bwail, it is unnecessary to repeat it here. It may be ahnost
superfluous to observe, that reflected verbs, implying tio
action done to another, ^e incapable of being inflected in
the passive voice.
69. Having
Digitized by VjOOQIC
NOTES. 151
69. Having stadied the full examples of conjugations,
the learner will here see the original simplicity, and re-
markable regularity, of the Irish verbs. That the impera-
tive is the root, from which all the pther parts are formed,
will be evident, on the slightest inspection. The same
observation occurred to Mr. Stewart (Galic Grammar,
page 82) ; but it is somewhat singular, that, in giving the
examplies of the conjugations, he does not place the impe-
rative first in order.
' 'lO. The form, do bhuaileadh, corresponds more exactly
Vitb the general rule; although do.bhualadh is more cotn-
mon. The same may perhaps be observed of some other
verbs, but the difference is so inconsiderable, that it does
not seem worthy of being noted as an irregularity.
7i, 72. Whea these references were made, for notes, it
was intended to insert the observations, which have already
l^een made, at notes 51 s and 59. ^
13, In the fpllowing tables, as many of these verbs as
occurred to ih^ author's observation are inserted. He does
not pretend to say, thai the lists are complete; but they
contain, at least, the greater part of such words; and the
learnec will easily attain the knowledge of any others, in
the course of reading, and speaking.
74. Some of the foregoing verbs may be otherwise
formed, in the infinitive; as,
Cosain, — do chosaint, — do chosnamh, defend.
Creid, — chreidmheal, — chreideadh, believe.
Musgal,— -mhusgailt, — »mhusgladh, awaken.
Treig, — threigmheal, — threigint, forsake.
Tuig, — thuigmheal, — thuigsin, understand.
Samhal, — shamhladh, — shamhailt, compare.
Note, that t is often added to o, where it might be well
omitted; as.
Lean, tlo leanmhuint, for, do Icanmhuin, follow.
75. This, with the three foregoing blank references, is
intended to point out words, in which there is some devia-
tion from the general rules. But these irregularities are
more owing to local idioms, than to any radical variety of
expression ; and they are noted here, that the learner may
not hesitate in generally inflecting all verbs, according to
the common rules.
If the imperative tioman, drivey were used, there would
bQ no irregularity in this verb, in which the ** a" is the
leading and radical vowel.
76. It has been justly observed, by General Vallancey,
that " frooj the description given of the irregular verbs,
by
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
I5B KtfT(EB. <
kf MKJurtin, 5»nd Mottoyk^ llbftyri»e^»ufl^acnt!lotteterafiy
-ocie from attdnM)^^ to iiesrn this lang!dalg^ ; Hheroas, tbey
«m^iieithet tne^k nomcroubv 4or'Aitn-e driiSkutt, diakitiH)^
4)if ebe LatfDt, Frisncb, ia»d English iangtiiges."
^^. Nim, / rfo^ in old rhanuacrriptt), is 'tvVitrten griina;
4Uid TinnfcaS', J thd^ tis iv^itbert roighrreas. M'Cortift fe-
«ULri2&, icbat ^ shoixld always Wreiafned ki i!his Tfcr^, tp
•dUtmgiii^h itfrdm nv^ fiai; bat this ismotbh^ervedim the
Irish bible, or many correct modern w.(Moks.
The prefer iwtcwrogative cf all the irr^gtrlir verba, ^x-
-ctpt^tAfikj ^dry, tb tombd by a or an,, tnitead of «ir. '
78. The ^ivperajtitfi labarr is compoonded of. ad^ arid
'teir;'a^4di>otfoeipv^ter'ihfbbair^,'of do, lind beirt. Thtis, m
ancient maniliecript^^ weir6ad,aiiih«ril is beiH an &ie,, As4he
poethn^s*; ad beart^an file, the poet said. Herice dubbras,
^nd dubhatrt, vn\l not ladnrrit-ei' do as the sign'of tbeipreter,
because this particle is coili^^ondi^ hi tt|e ^verb ibieif«
Deirtm^, dearaid,ffto. are ab6^ntraeli6ns of do,and beir.
Thb piirtici^las'radh^ vadb», and tbe passive r^ie, ^aid^
-ftW^ ftott) ati vAvsotete verb; raite&r, it is saidy or -calktl; to
he found in old (manuscripcs. *
79, 80. Tabhair is compbunded of to, an obsolete ip&t-
tide, or sign of the dative, and beir; aftid properly xneaas
»gw&. fieir is dften Used alone, in the imperative, ft5 sig-
nify give J bring y carry y lay hold on, oveNake, or 'kr^irtg
forth young.
The prfetort^n^ oftabhkir is togas, tog me, I glave^ or
brought. Tlie prettir of %eir >si*ogas, rt^-floo, / tddk^ laid
hold on, overtook, or^brot^hifdrth.
EXAMPLES.
Tkbhaii' deoch dhamh. Give a drink to me.
Tabbair leat e, ) t> • ^ -^ ^ . jl
Beirlektd, . i Bring n xmth yAt.
Betrairso, Lay kM on this »
Bbeara^ie dhuit e, Jwiilgive it toymu
Bearatfioid orra. We shall <rjertake them,
fieara me cloicflieaitjh iiom, Jwillbringaswortlwithme.
Beara si clann, • She it^ ill hear a child.
Thng si dhamh e, She gave it io me.
Thug se leis^, JJe brmtght it with him.
Bug se leis e. He took it with him.
Rug si orra, She i^er took them.
Rug si nmc. She bore a sm,
?51. The
Digitized by VjOOQIC
'frt. ffte.eoMseiHiwmtMwisithas-foiwed-; ■ '
2. Tjirr^ coine thm f.
f;
•Plural.
1. Tigeatnbisi /^/ tw c^tf.
, 2. Tigidhe, crnneye.
1 '3. T^4is, or tfgifeSdh siad,
\ let them comei ' *
The participle tetcht, «i0 Abo ftmnU wr^ttjj^ ,|}|iQht^
4tigbe9cht, and jttttgheacht; . , ■> -u i
'82^ Tihe ob9oI|Qta yerb jrigiat; pecker* m^Oy 0'0Xffive
: 4tfy or €mne to^ is MiaieiiiQ«^,iised .in tlvs (Mreftor* ijt ^sQcms
tto be compounded yof iiQi.aQd;ti9MB^ ro^an^ tlviu^. .^
. 83. It Js ^dbabte l^at ;e i»ijtt^ ra4)c^ ]e^^).un idiis
vieob, «s in ^he.G^efik *%fy aod .Uitin .09> >/ go^ bc^iic^ te^
^, basnng tfHreixqd. ^ c ^ i ..
. ;In Ancient iOianutei&tiits, do dh^^ is. founds Ansteitd of
^o.choaidb, lAitiie ^eteir; As^iracb^idMh^iich.oq OMgh^
a /rocj9 went over tkefMn.. .*..':
Tiie paiticiple . passive is iMedf coo^pounded.tvith v^f or
♦«on, ^, ,or proper to he Axnei as, ion^ulta, //, or py/iper
to go, wi0 ie g/9rie,. . .
'64. J'agh signifies s\90,^et^>, imd tOnay 4p)e ^o uranslated
tbf oughoiit. In the Nortb of Ireland it is prppousKJsd .as
if written fogh. • .
85 I participle,^ arp not in
use. as wQll ^s Fuara^^ in the
prete ? wasjfound.
T! d, anci "geabhar, ;a^e bor*
rowe receive, [
86 ake a mew ^ any thing.
Deal ook at; with which may
be c tny^rk. Cim, I\&ee^ or
ferci
Fe _ tive, interrogative, and
conditional particles; as, a^ ^^^ ^^ ^'^9 ^^ "not ioojk on
that; mafheic.tu, if you see. And, io the itfiperatlviey
.first. person plural, faicioui, or feicioip> ^/ u^see.
87. The pas^ve ' ii;i£iutiise, and partjciplei |ire not in
.^ Faicear, or sas it is jsometlmcs. written ieicthear, (is often
jiisediinp6rsoaaily,.vlritb a.dativeof tber,persqn, (as in other
( iMguages,) .to ^press, thinks or imagine; as, na( haBair
jfe bbifaie^r dhuii^j do. nt^i say whiti yow ifiink; ma ohitear
dhuit, tf you imagine* To which may be addfxl the
.Aficient preti^r, choncas; as, doroboncas.iiaiiibsii^ mar an
^m:e^ii3Lf,iis^em€^ggodJopi£ako^r^r.
' X ^ 88. Eist,
Digitizec^ by-VjOOQlC
154 voTUi.
^S. Eist^ lisfm^ \i mdre CMnMAf used, ia-^imtem^
tive, than cltUHj hear. In ali^ient writings, c\mMS was the
imperative of ^is verb } biii it is now used |o signify am
ear.
Cloiaua is used, as well as cluintiD, in the pt'eseot, in-
dicative; and do cbios, (stiff used in Monster,) was the
original pretef, instead of do chualas; as, dacblos giidl
a Rlaw, i voiee itm heard m Ihima,
id. This ^n "be done only with adjectives signifynig
f}uality . A9 to numerals, they are expressed adverbially
byptefijHng mio, annsa, or, more commoniy^ 'aao, m tkCf
(see page^l , rule T*,) to the ordinal adjecthr^^ u^d addiiig
ait, plaee; as^ 'san treas ait, ihirdfyj i. e. tn the thim
pliee. To eipms mc^, taricCi &e. la, ^^pm^ abaui^ is
used with the caidioal adjective; as, fa dbo^ la tri,- &c«
M. Adi«fbial eipressioas of ibis hind aite very nume-
rous; but those here exhibited wilt alfeyd a speeiawn of
the maoifer in which they are fiksied.
91* The^e words are eonasnonly called inseparable pre^
posiiumsi but, as they predicate no relation^ they afe
NDore properly denominated adverbial particles*
To '«b€«e here inserted, aoase authors bare added the
loll««vk^; viz.
Droch, badj drochmhuinte, ill taught.
Priomb , Jirst^ priomhadbbhar , Jirst cause.
Fell, very bad^ teilgniomb, avery had action.
Rion^), before f riomhraidte, be/ore said.
Ro, veri/y romhaitb, vcrj/ good.
SioT, continual sioruisge, constant rain.
Tiotiina, a will j tiomchuairt, a friendly visit.
^^x^Xhf rust kit}/ y tuathchleas, riii/Zc i*M»wi/ig'.
But the five first of these iwe adjeeti^s ; the three next,
^parable adverbs; and the two last, nouns..
The following fNuticle was inadvertently omitted; viz.
Siir, very great; as^ s&rdhomhain, very deep.
92. Mur is only an abusive pronunciation, and ortbogsm^
phy, for nuoa, akboogh it is very oomiD^n. See note 48*
95. It appeared simpler to give^iiie follewiog alphabe-
tical list of preposkioqs, than to class them according to
their influence, as usaaUy done, which iufringes..ali the;
busihess of syntax. ^^
94* Some other words have been enumerated as pnftpo*
sition^; sUohaS| amacb,<>itf, tball, beyond j suas^ iip, imd
tBe
■ Digitized by VjOOQIC
v^TEi. 155
the Jibei bf»t ^se and erideKtlf adverbc, feifiyring the
preposition cle» or, as k is commonly written^ Jo, after
tbem ; at, taobh amach don tbigh, Hht mter iidt of tkg
house.
Doj and gOy both signify to; but tbe dtffiMrenoe between
them (as wdl remarked by Mr. Stewart) it, that do implies
motion towardSy and go, motion temwmting Mi an obfect;
as, chuaidh se do thigb an righ, he went tOj or towards the
kwffs itOttse; tiiaioic se go thigb an rtgh, heeameunto
the kmg*s house.
De is not msfd mis a simpie preposiMn ; but it is clearly
distinguished from do, io^io compounds; as, diom, ^rsm
fne\ de, or dhe, from him.
95, 96j 97^ 9S, 99. These wonk are never used sepa-
rately; as nouns, j^ they appear to have a dear and dis*
tinct signification, which Biay be aseeruined from tbe
correapondmg phrnBea.
100. It is more probable that de, ofy it the simple pre*
positiott, in such piirases as do dhith ; lifehoagh it is always
written do.
lot. Some other coejuactive phrases ong^ be added to
theae^ but, as thqr ave formed by the combination of the
eimple coi^unctifons with other words, it did not teem
necessary to insert tb^n.
The common coipmiction afi^tis, and, or, as it is often
pronounced is, was inadvertently omitted, in this table.
102. With these perhaps may be classed mar, neither.
103. For the use of muna, and mur, see note 92. Many
words are used with ma, and go, to form a variety of con-
junctive phrases, the meaning of which is always ascer-
tained by the leading word.
104« No language abounds more in passionate inteijec-
tions, than tbe Irish : but it would be vain and useless to
attempt an enumeration of them.
lOS. I'his is certainly a common, but it is not a'eorrect
fnode of speaking aud writing. Tbe Scottish Gaiic changes
D intom, before liJbials; as, for an bis, the death j they
say, am b^ This licence, for sound^s sake, is siore aUow-
aUe than that^ised in the Irish.
IM. This mode, of separating the a and n, has been
adi^pted, in order to accommodate tbe written to the
spofcen langu^^e; but it should not be practised, as it is
comnoolv done, having the appearance, to Am tnex-
perienced reader^ of deviating froou tbe gMwcal tules of
€ftrmolo(fy.
x2 107. If.
Digitized by VjOOQIC .
107/ If 0Ot)e M cohsicMffld M rafy ftti abbrtvin^on^ fbf^
guid e? rmat fis/it? the phrase will run tbu», in Ei|>tiriy^
a^Aill IS CitJ the kmurf
108. This is equivalent to the expression, ba saighidec»r
me, 1 was soi^Utr.
yO&. This 'w not properly an exception to- the general'
ru)e; for tfael^t^r substanttve really forms the su^eetof
a siiparate propositioit^ as, ntitc Joseiph, eadhon, ^^^ is^dr
sin an samr, Uie son of Joseph j^ namely^ or, ika^ is- the
carpenter.
1 10. It may be obieryed,: in ^efienrl, thSat the form df
the adtjective depends upon the nooh, onW when it immt'^
diately follows the noun, in any degree of coint>arison.
UK The reason of this n weU ex prised by Mr. Ste»^
art, in the fdlowing words (see his Grammar, page I4r3)i'
*^ The gramoMitical dminotion^ obs^rvoible in the flowing:
exa.mples, is agreeable to the strictest philesotyhiGal' 9Tf»>
priety. " Rinn mis'' an siiian gheut','* / fmtde the skttrp
kn^e; here the adjieetive agfreeii with the noun, for it buk
difies the noun, distinguishing that knife from othc^.
*' Rili«f mis' M sci^ g«w," J made the knife simfi haie
the ac^tire does not dgfee with the noun, for it modi#er
not the noun but the verb. It docis not characterize t|ie
object on which the action is performed;^ but itxombinef
Tvtth the verb in specifying the m^nire of the operad6n
perfbftaed; The e»presst6n is» c^vajent to " gheuraich
mi anscian," / sharpened the A/ij^a."
11 2. Sometimes, w,hen possession is strongly exp^e^sed,
the^ phrase is clian^d, by insei^ing.go, wHki as, fear mr
bhfaiiaing ndeirg, instead of, fear na failaitige deirge, Sw
man ofy or, mth the red cloak.
113. A« this b only cL hueiice, for better socinld^ssaba, it
' is freqtiently-not done*
114. Le, mthy bxfy or akv^ x^ith, hy Very properjy,;
the oniy «gB of the abl^ve used ut ider this ruld ; for it
implies, not merely a tendency towards, according'^' the
principle of o^r hmgoagees,, but a* jv^Jtta^ pbsttion,* and.
continuance.
1 1^. Instead of na, thany iona was'freqiieiitly usedv sonfci
yf^s since, lb AodhMhac AingH, Sgatbatf nr hditblrige,
printed- at Brussels, in tbe li5M^.centui^,.it idalwa3^'iof)aij|i
before 9, singular, and ionaidy or inatd, be^brea plunal;
but why it should be feroed ^9 agf^ withrthe numiier,) is
dtfiicalt |o coiifMtorlo* •
116. Ni> anc( pic^ qiay b^ abbreviations for- ii^gifawnf
Digitized by VjOOQIC
(»^*m it it pibMuflieed m Sralbarfy sod die NorA 4t'
Ireland, nmoy a iiugh^.
1^1 7. l€ ^ettii mosii conienieiit la traa4 of the se^eval
ktmb 0^ ^ofeiidufid Mpsi^tly, tbaujgli^ it may bccasiott *
soiie rep(!titi6ii ; as^ the use of riiem is iBote clearly afae^HK
thus,' l^n by tfctemptiiig to jrednee tiieiii to §eiieral ruAesi
118. Thi^ ancwa^^ in tie use cf tbese pfonoun*^ wasr
probably introduced , for better sound's saKey afi4.after«»
wtxAi committiMt to writr%w in the ScRXtish Galky. iiii,
ibli^ &c. af^ itiuelif more frequendy ok^^ as nomiaai*
tives.
i 19. 'tlM tfii^ be varioQsly. eirpredsed in hisli^ tbitt|
1% e ah ni a dfag me a noobt feci bbrdn, a bbeitb vset Aonar
ii^iaigb eft^ich, the thing that l^ me this night in sorrew;
is t^ be atme after ail. . *
120, 12 K A distinctfOTi is cAvenred in the use of Hbesle
ceiiiijpdmid prohouns. Liom is used to denote rkentalt^^
fectwn only; but agam, and orm, relate both fo mind, and.
b9djf.
102. Ai tbefte i^ notbin^y in the Irish langm^^ in wUeb
loitfft^s Ate apt to find mfove diiieulty, than m the ns^ of
tbe ednphatical increase, the cloiftslt atternttofi to tbe9& rtties
in mctm^v. There if a reiifafrkftbto an^ogy between the
€lRph*lk:dt Gfiitk pBvfietef ^, a<ided to pronoms^ and the
increase, in th^' Irish language^
}^$. Thi^ fi i^grtf^able to the prittoiple (rf the liKdst
pMisd^ lat^gu^e^y inf wbtoh tbese pronouns alone nertr'
can follow tbe verbs with whieh ib#y agree.
1 24. The tts« of the ptt^r^oott) t^tainations is very iifcon-
sidevable^ iff thmb \miis bf Irdfi^ that are adjacent to'
Sfc^^atnd:. Itt tbe lanfer country tliey are now little tUfdd.
Bi*t m an^JeW Utiting® they are tontinoally used. And,"
in the south and west of Ireland, they are so frequent^ iti
tte i^AfOfiths df the coththtm pebf^e, that it occasions %.edn-
siderable difficulty to an illiterate native of the north in
im(lier«tki^in>g thenfv.
126. Tbe pfonouA is net^r ttsed in the finst and tecond^
persons of the consuetudinal, afker da; as, da inbiMiiUlett)
AMIstrytkf da mbuailfendb., hadst thorn ^tmck.'
126. This correilpoiidis ^fjcaetly to the absolnte case^ i^
othdV language*} bm it is tta^b mereftoqoently used, in
Msb. F6t wh^efver tbe wd¥d tt^A^ can be uied wtibe
notfri, or pf^w6un,' in Engli^Jy, it maybe t^irned in this
manner, in Irish ; as, when thd^ M mdt^ heard thst^ ag
gotoimin ^fn A&a tsu^duiH^
127. This form of expression i^i tiwh lAore comowrii
in
Digitized by VjOOQIC
J98 NATES.
ID Mih thaft m tny nodern laagivm^; aiid: cw r eg pemb
ffmnarKjytbiy with tbe id'tom of the Greek Umguage.
J^. Tnere is a considerable latitude in tbe use of this
eipopwsion. When aay thiag is to be expressed positivdy,
or definiuveiy, tbe consiietiHlinal form is ha^-dly ever used.
129* Ibis corresponds exactly with the second sopidei
in Latin; as, greaMshar le faicsin, duke visu, pleasant to
SAT, or la A^ seen.
130. It is not easy to account for this dtsiiuction between
nMtcoiines uid feniniiies; and, although generally used, .
it appears almost entirely arbitrary.
J 31. Chummy i^r the purpose^ is commonly used before
the infinitive; as', chuaidh se chum contaa a thabhairt, he
went to give mn account. In rapid speakmg, the sign do,
€Mr a, is omitted before the infinitive; as, ni tbarla dhamb
a leithid sin f baicsin ariamh, / never happened to see the.
like. And this elliptical form has been adopted in writing
132. Even nouns, and adjectives, are sometimes used io
thesaaM) oMmner as reflected verbs; as, u me mo sbuan^
J am {im) mtf deep; bhi me aso thoircbinn suain, I woo
(in) my drow^ deep, or rest.
133. There were some auxiliary verbs in use, anciently,
iNrbich it is useless to enumefate here, as they are not met
with, in any recent manuscript, or pubhcation*
134. This distinction must be considered as purely logi-
cal;^ it is a Very nice one, yet the native and illiterate
Irish never err in the us^ of it.
135. May there not be an ellipt^s of some noun,, after
ann i Or is ann here equivalent to the Greek «», being?
136. This is upon the same principle, that monosyllabic
adjectives, prefixed to ih^r nounf, aspirate them* See
page 95, rule S*.
137* Passive verba are not susceptibks of any influence
irom particles.
138. This dative, however, is not governed by the ad-
verb, but by the preposition do, /o, which follows it; asj
angar don teine, war the fire.
139. This ablative is governed by de, of^ ag, at, as, out
rfj or tbe like, by which tbe adverb is followed.
140. There is some variety, in the diflerent provinces of
Ireland, with respect to tbe prepositions that aspirate, &c«
accoMing to the <ear of the 4>e^er ; but it is imi)ossible t9
specify these local varieties.
141. The influence of iar, in tbia place, i^the s^me as
npao verba. See note 197.
142. Re^
Digitized by VjOOQIC
I4f • Re, withy was Gommonly writt^iy tone tune siaoe;
and stili is, ia the Scottish Galic; having the same iaflneoee
with le/ ' ^
14S. it is e^ent, that the genitive here is govenied bf
the noiitiy which forms the principal part of these expras*
sionsk
144. This is a licence taken, for sound^s sake^ deviatiag
from strict orthography, but commonly received, in speak-
ing, and writing.
1 45. ^^ When two or mote nouns, couf^ed hy a conjuae-
tion, are governed by a preposition, it is usual to repeat
the preposition before each nodn; as, air fad agi» air
kithead, m length and in breadih.^^ Stewart, 165.
146. The influence of some other conjunctions varies^
according to the idiom of the place, but the only authentic
and original ones are here expressed.
147* It is not uncommon to say, a tbiarna Dia, or a
thiarna, a Dhe ; but the first of these expressions is ua^
grammatical, and the latter is only a distinct vocative.
148. The adjective, being joined to the noim, is aspi«
rated iti this case ; and the pronoun may be aspiraled or
not, according to the ear of the speaker.
EXD OF PART f.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
••>.!/
'■• •••v-v .
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FAMILIAR PHRASES.
impera:|Jve-
k>Ui'd sios le mo taob,
Leag — dean deifir.
Tar asteac sa tseamra,
Gab amac as a tig,
Lean iad go dlu't,
Abair leite teact asteac,
Eirig suas — seasaih tart,
Fan an sin— vbi do tost,
Cuir ort — luaig ort,
Labair amac — ^dean arls h
Tabair aire — fan tamull,
Teigeain cum na fairge,
Eaicim do lam,
Gab anall anaice liom,
Beir air an leabar sin,
Glac go ceart 6,
Crom do ceann,
Suid go socair,
Ar'taig do gut,
Breatnaid na mion{>uinc,
Islig do gloir — ardaig
anois ^,
Cuir tort do leabar,
Druid an doras,
Fos^aoil an fuinneog,
mtig amac uaim,
Sit down by my siit^
Read — make haste.
Come into the room.
Go out of the house.
Follow them closely.
Tell her to oom^ in.
Rise up — stand by.
Stay there — be silent.
Put on you — haste you.
J^beak out — do it again.
Take care — stay a while.
Let us go to the sea.
Let me see your hand.
Come over tnar me.
Lay hold on that book.
Handle it rightly.
Stoop your head.
Sit quietly.
Vary your voice.
Observe the small points.
Lower your voice — raise
it now.
Lay by your book^
Shut the door.
Open the window.
(^0 out from me*
Y 2 Cior
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FAMILIAR PHRASES*
Cior do ceann — nig do
lama^
Leig dam — bi do com-
Buail mo lam, ^
Fag an bealac,
Innse sgeul dam,
Teadam 'na baile,
lar ar a dul,
TaBair dam do lam,
Tabair po^ don lei
Bail o I)hia ort.
Las an coinneal,
Cuirisirl ^oWeil'* *
Sgiiab ;bi tiiitilean, ;
Ciiir '^iiai S&. ^r^lS; ' \ '
Sdd'atthfeaiJ;' ^ "
Cuir in bolre ih* i dmH;
Fuiriggbfoill,
Fpuc orffi— 'aindrd otiimti
'— dfearb uiirttft,
DVairciFa do hati^-ttrat-
•^'targ^fadbljaiA,
SiubTaigion^ ^o'ga^^a,
Siubiaigniicl tiios Cl^te,
Siublaigjd g6 tajiiVid,
Siublaidi3, h6 ^ittlMai^
siads*^ go cllste,,
Deanam '^taiddr air ^.
leigean,
M^obraigili'id dif at leF-
jBreatnkigi6m go grinii
air,
Tugamoid, no tuga^
^ aire do^
Tugaid siisi aire da lea-
bair, '
Comb your head— wash
your hands.
Let me alone — be quiet,
iStrike my Mnd.
Leave the way.
Tell me a story.
Let us go home.
Ask him to go.
Give me your hand.
mU He book.
Successfrom God on you.
Light the candle.,
Pdit}iuttifktaiidki -'^
Siceep'ifit^eiifii^:
Putim^lfitkegtittb.
Blow tHeJirt.
Put the ktttie Wi thk
' firt.
Whit tt iMfe.
BtMdW^t^0k at ifrie^
, loakiit^tk^.
Ldok fhV, yirtit )W*-4
setcrth for your hift:_
Lt€ us Tbttlk StJiartly.' -
Let us watkmo)re^ltdd(fff^
JVatk ye iriskfy.
Let them ^ctdk Quickly.
Let us study dur lesson:
*
Let us pcntdir trctr onr
lesson.
Let us olrserte it sharply.
Let us give hted to it.
Let her give heed to h^
book.
Tugaid
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TAikitU^ ^AAfiBf,
5'
ftin,
Beir, no tafestif leMt fc,
Te agcuihfite lifege,
Fad liom— fen Sgaft),
Cuir g!a^ air ati dwa^,
Bahi an glis dbxi dertw,
Tat^liofrisa,
Te suas an cnuic,
Bain an cloci aioA,
b \ : ,
Cuir sgian cU^am^
Tibair aiiatt 6ugartl,
Fan a Bos agui Afi^,
Eisd an ill a deirkn leat,
Feuc air do leaiiair,
Fag nio bat^,
Tugtar, no beir'tear
cugam h,
AbaHr iih ^o ceart,
Dean tar an obkH*
Leig tprt me,
Zet them giM^ hied 4» ^
themselves.
Bring it ttitfi jfW*
Go far tjiattti
Stay for fke-^idy t^tk
me.
Lock tht 4&&n
Unlock the door.
Come along mth ww*
Go up the hill.
Take the &lMk from 4^
me. ,
Send me a knifi.
Mring nke bread.
Stfyy on this side with us.
Hear what! ^y to ym^
L^ok at your bmk.
Pind my hkt.
Let it be brought $0 me..
Say that cornectlyi.
Let the i&ofk be dme.
Let me pass.
iNTfiRgOGATIVK
Go demur ta t«?
Ca bakrin ata oit?
Cia h6 sin ag teact?
Gode thiir goirean tu so?
Blifnil tu go nralt?
Ca mbiami tu do tioA'-
nuig?
Car leis an tig sin ?
Labrann tu Gaoideilg?
Tuigeann tu Bearla ?
6a 'fada racas tu?
Horv do you do ?
What is your name ?
JVho is that coming f
What do you call this?
Are you zcell f
Where do you^ live ?
Whose house is that ? ^
Do you speak Irish ?
Do you understand
English?^
Hoiwfar will you go ?
Ca
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FAVXI^IAR PHBASfiS*^
Caaftadttiiiic tu?
Bbfuil fuactprt?
Cia hi an cailiu sin?
Ca/bfuiltudol?
Go de sin agad }
Bhfuil sgian agad ?
Cia bias leat?
Go de bias leat?
Code a clog fe?
Go de an uair?
A gcluin tu me?
Bhfuil ocras, no tart ort?
Nar eirig sisi?
Go d'as a nguilean tu?
Go de mur ta sib uile
ann so?
Nar *di6l se an capall?
Go d'as nar glac se h?
Car leis a batta?
Go de ftin?
Go de ta uait?
Go de iarras tu air so?
Go de an xneud a glacas
tu?
Ca meud a bearas tu ?
Go de is eigin dam a
tabairt duit?
Car leis an hataso?
A bfaca tu an geairfiaU,
Cia ^n bealac a deacai'd
sir
A i*aib na gadair a bfogus
di?
Nar rit si go luat?
Ca dt^d an botaisa?
From whence did you
come?
Are you cold?
Who is that girl?
JVhere are you going?
What is that you have f
Have you a knife ?
Who will be with you?
What will you have with
you ?
What o'clock is it?
, IVhat is the hour ?
Do you hear me?
Are you hungry^ or
thirsty ?
Did she get up ?
Why do you cry ?
How are you all here ?
Did he sell the horse?
Why did he not take it f
Whose is the staff?
What is it?
What do you want ?
What do you ask for this?
How much will you take?
How many willym give ?
What must I give you?
Whose hat is this ?
Did you see the hare?
lyhich way did she go ?
Were the hounds near
her?
Did she run quickly ?
Where does this way lead ?
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fAlriLIAR FHUAStS.
Ci aca an beaiai ateid
go Baile-at cliat?
Ca ikda o so fe ?
Bhfuil an botar min ?
Ca huair a till siad?
A ndjeaca sise amac?
Nar geall ta a dad^ii di?
A dtioBra tu do ^?
Ca meud a Bearas tu di?
A mbeara ti;i fji eigii^
cuca?
Ca rail? ti| a »d^?
Cia an tat>air a bfufl tu
ann 90?
C^r fag tu m' fallainn?
A Bfuair tu d' fallain?
An i so if
Cionnas ta sib uile?
JSfjac dtug me go leor dili ?
Nar Bain se s^linn diB?
•^o de sin drt?
Bhfujt|di!lilagadadul?
"Bhfuit i^ian agad a dul?
Nar im'tig si naiB ?
A mBuailfead me?
A ndearna tu mar sin?
A ndeana me do leaba?
Bhfuil se deanta go ceart ?
Go de deir tu ?
Nar duBairt seisean sin ?
JBbibil nuaideact air bit
Jeat?
JVhieh of these is the way
to Dublin?
How far iskjrom hence?
Is the road fine? *■
JVhen^ did they return?
Did she go out?
Did you ^omis^ her any
thing? *
Will you ghe it to him ?
How many will you give
her?
Will you bring something
to them?
Where were you yestt^^
day?
Why are you here?
Where left you my man-
tie?
Did you get your mantle?
Is this it?
How are ye all?
Did I not give you
enough ?
Did he take a shilling
from you?
fP^hat is that ails you ^
Do you intend to go?
Do you desire to go ? >
Did she depart from
you?
Would you strike me?
Did you do so?
Shall I make your bed?
Is it made rightly?
What do you say?
Did he say that ? ^
Do you bring any news?
An
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:^ rjr4i««,U» ?8P#i«s.
An ra^ fw? Jc^t'. -JAirf/ /^^ wiPh im? .
A bfaic tu aa.griAliy^ Do you see the sunl
A bfaicear me aa^? A"^ Tseen heref
A gcuala ti> aii nuai- Did y 014 hear the nfws?
A ndearna tu mo teilie? Did you make my shirt f
Nat g^r itu ii^ . :^ )J^9^n etf* i^?^ , j
A dtug tu leat ^? Did you bring ji with
Nar cuir tu grerm Ann? Did you put a stitch in
A ndeaca si a QU^ a Did she go over y^ffr-
A dtainic si a nd***?. Did she come iehday ?
dam?
A l&feca tu w €f anftaj^i ? Did you m^ fhfi fj^- ^ ' <'.
; i^fta/jr? .^, * i -
AKfuaifitiVaaiitir? DidypMgf^ih^:k¥^
Nar fiafraid tu wiw ? Did you enguire about itf
A gcuala to am «mfri- Did ym m^ fhejimsf
deact?
NfiGATIVE.
Niarbaail me^u, 1 4id not strike ffW, \
Ni bnaUe me tu, I ^nHmt strike yWn,
Nil moran agam, . / have not muck,. , . ,
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FAMILIAK PHRASES,
C^
Ni tig liom labairt go
mait,
Ni tuigim tu,
Nil fios agam, agus is
cuma lioxn,
Ni racam leat,
Na habair sin,
Niafereidim tu,
Nac bfiiil se sa Baile?
Nac bfaca tu fe?
Nac ndeama siad an ni
a dorduig me ^oib?
Ni hi^rram iomaduig,
Ni tig liom ni is luga a^
glaca'd,
Nil tu com aosda liomsa?
Na labair aon focal, -
Ni cluinim tu,
Ni tig liom fuireac,
Na ieag com ga;sda as
sin,
Na bi gul,
Ni mise hj
Na te amac go foill^
Ni heigin 'dam a dul,
%Nac bfuil ocras ort?
Nil, nil gaile agam,
t
IJil fuact no tart orm,
Ni bfuil ian oidce ^dorca,
Ni faic tu an gealac?
Nior eirig si go sead,
Ni dearna-me fe,
Mima be go ndearnad
me ai&luig,
Jsfi habtaln.sin,
Ni heigin duit a rad,
Ni tug s^go leo^
/ cannot speak zvelL^
I do not understand you.
I do not know, and I do
not care.
I will not go with ycm.
Do not sat/ tha^.
I do not believe you.
Is he not at home?
Di^you not, see him? /
J^id they not do what I
/ ordered them?
/I do not ask too much.
I cannot take less.
You are not so old as I.
Do not spealf a word.
1 do not hear you.
I camiot wait 4
Do not read so fast.
Do not cry.
I am not he.
Do not go out yet.
I must not go.
Are you not hungry?
Noy I have not an appe-'
tite.
I am neither cold nor
thirsty.
The night is not dark.
Do you tiot see the moon ?
She has not yet arisen.
I did not do it. -..
If I had not done so.
I do not *sc^ that.
You shall not say so.
He did not give enough.
z Niar
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10
FAMII.IAR PHRASES.
Niar codall m^ tairis uaLr
no 'do,
Ni itearda Mb t^Ui'd &da,
Niar iarr siad ©ruiB a
Ni tairiic Conn ar ara^ .
Niar iluBiairt tea lettid
^ ariam,
Nac ndearim tu aao ca-
sog?
Nacar ^ui? tu greim ann ?
Nac 4^ tu tedt i^?
Nac ay fan ti WU . .
Nac dtainic si aiiallf
Nac gcuala tu %n nuai-
deact?
Nac ar geall se a tcact?
Nac ndeaca tti nonn'a
nde?
Nac ar duikurt me leat a.
rit?
Nac tifuair sil> sgeula
Had?
/ did nU skip wcr m
koiir or two.
You did not make a hvg
visit.
They did not ask yeu to
come.
Conn did not come kack.
He never said any muK
thing.
Did not you make ny
ami?
Did jNMii .not put a stitch.
in it?
Did y^u not bring it
with you f
Did she not st^ beyond f
Did she not come over?
Did you not hear the
news?
Did he not promise to
come ?
Did you not go peer yes-
terday?
Did I not ieii ytm to
run?
Did you get no tidings
from kim ?
PROMISCUOUS IDIOMS-
A mbeid diKlaih eile lib?
CaTada raca» tu? *
Ta teas tnor sati gr^n^
Ta se an naoi<
'I
Will you hmve At^ thing
else with vou ?
How far miiLyou gof.
The. smi is very hst
It is nine o*cIq€A^
Ta se leat uair 2(!R&aig an It is half past twoL
do, r
Bhfoil se feartaihn? Is it raining?
Na
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FJkMlLlAn PI]BAffB$.
11
lla heir greim cnx^H
air, ^
TaBair fa ddara* bri|^ an
sgeii, >
Ta an grian aim airde,
Go d' as a ritean tu?
Abair leis mtig,
Ta an grian ria lui'de,
feiceam do croli,
Beanhait De leat,
Mana^ a sti^ tul
Ba4iait lioin afagaii,
Qo d€[ fuair sc air ?
P'iarr se an iomadai^,
Abair Ids go rail^ mis^
annso,
Na dean deannud^
iCuir ort do l^rogad^
Bhi se a dtaisge agam^
]s c\x]Xi% ]iom ciacjEi fin^
Phfuil cu ar ti mo ibarr
i?aa?
Na te amai gO labaire
me leat,
An \eo fifeim an carbadf
Beidniid lib go dti IJur
ndoras f jfein,
Ma geil$mid m^rca^geact
sa gcarliacl,
Nil fioj agamsa go de
ta^ilge,
Bei'd mc aguilj dia dom-
' naii,
T^ f ion agam duit,
jDa fwt Hkt a hmrd ioii
of it?
Attend to tkt imfiort ^
thfiriQry.
TJ^ $un U up.
Why do you riin f
Teil him to rise.
The sun is set.
Give me your band.
God' ^blessing with you^
My soul within yoju! my
darling! ^
I woiiid wish W meet
him.
fFhatdid be get for him ^
He asked loo ThitcK
%dl hm that I was bfire*
Do not forget.
Put on your shoes.
/ bad it laid up.
I do not fare xphcther or
not.
j^re you fibout to kill
mfi?
Do no) go out until I
$peqk with you.
Is the carriage their
own f
JVe zvill kp tt7iVA you to
your own door.
Jfwe get rijiing in the
. carriage.
/ do not tcnozv what lie
has.
J will be wifh you on
Sunday.
I have wine for you.
z %
Fuair
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12
EAUlLIAIt PHBASJBS.
f^uair me tri pigin d^g
ar gac ceann aca.
Is jonihuin leis an uile
^ duirie beit seanmur,
Do cuiread diin nuirbad
ina leit,
Ge gur b'iongiiad teat ^,
Do indeoln slri uilc,
Nabigearan orrta,
l^ig doib,
Jl^aca mo deiiBsiur fe. na
djein/,agus cuirfid mise
litir leite,
Bbfuil leinteai go leor
agad ?
Dbpanubn nios.mo no
sin air a sonsa,
Ta nio snatadsa agadsa;
Ta siad nagcaiidibmaite
da c^ile,
Is i do.sgiansa i, agus ni
a sgiansan,
Ta fios do'intin agamsa,
Cuirfead cuid de anonn
V iugad,
Bhi aim&ir fliuc an ur-
larg agiiinn,
Ta iios again ca ttibionn
se na comnaig,
An te nac bfuil meas aige
air fo^laini, nil fios
aige air a luac no a
rhaiteas,
-Bionn siad ag eud le na
c^ile,
Ta ga6 aon aca go mait
le cac,
/ got thirteen pence for
each of them.
Every man is fond of
being prosperous.
H^ was accused of mur^
d^r.
Although you wonder at
it,
In spite of all that.
Do not complain of them.
Let them atone.
My sister will go to her^
and I shall send a tet^
ter with her^
Have you enough (f
shirts?
I would do more than
that for her sftke.
You have my needle.
They are good fr\ends to
e^ach other.
It is your knife^ and not.
his knife.
I Mm)w your mind.
I shall send some of it
atier to yoU.
We had wet weather last
year. ■
/ know where he lives^
The person who does not
love learnings ddes not
know his good or bene-
p. "
They are jealous of each
other.
Each of them is on good
terms with the other.
Niar
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FAMILIAR PH|U15£S.
13
Kiar leag me aon dona
leabrai'd a tag tu ar ia-
sd4Ct daihy
TaiDoidne fa gnotai^,
Ni vndv nacar marBad fe,
Go mairead tu,
C^ad mile failte djuit,
Na naireasaca tu dam?^ ,
Is truag liom jfe,
Is eigiu a curaniac,
Ta na flaitea? ps ar
gceann,
Do la agus d'oidce,
Is cunia litom tu, no ^
scan,
Nil neart agam air,
Bhfeall a teanga aii*,
Ni he sii^ a ceist,
An feadam an dadani
deanaih duit?
Taim ro buideac duit,
Caiteann siad a maoiu
go b6:r,
Bhfuil ^ihras agad atln
* mo briatraiB? ' '
Dindeoin do gearran,
D'icnnsiijd ^e an naihaid,
Nimor nacar duBairt me, .
Thig buaidreid air miiitx
huaidrid, V
Ta me dol ateagriiail air
matair, " '
Teac ata suidte agcois
beakig, -
Chontiaic me tusa f56s,
Caite me trid an eloig-
can tu,
/ did not read one of the
books that you lerit
me.
IVe are about business.
He was almost killed.
I wish you much joy.
You ate very welcorne.
ffill you npt tell met
J dfn sorry for if.
He must be put out.
The heaven^ are over us.
By day und by r^ght.
t do not regard you^ or
it. ■ ' ' ;■ ;
I cannot help iL
His tongue failed him.
That i§ not the matter i/?
question.
Can I do any thing for
you?
I dm xrery mMch obliged
to you.
They live up to their in--
^ come.
Do yon doubt what I
'say?
In spite of your crying.
He fell upon the enemy.
I had almost said so.
One trouble comes upo^
another/
I am going to meet my
father.
A house that stands
alongside the road.
I $aw you also.
I will shoot you through
the head.
Nil
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H
Nil coill air bit im bfuil
»lo$ga<cl fhltx do ^f ion*
lac ann.
Ta sgeula joDgaiUtic a^
There is no ZQtH>d that
has not^ sticks enough
in it to burn itself.
I havfi wonderful news
fojcyiM.
DIALOGUES.
BUYING, $^LLING, ficC,
L
Gati a leit, a iailin, '
Go dp ^fl 3-eort uigpa^ $o
leatP
ITigeaca cearc.
Bhfuil siad w?
jad iiile air au
tseactmuiu3e,
Ca liieud ta sa cliab ?
Rugad
beag,* •
Ta tri "diiisin.
Ca mend ceajca ata
a^uiB?
Ta da cearc dfeag agpinn.
JCil^ ac uigeaca
min ionntuib.
>Jil movan min uigead 3a
gcliab/
Go de gcaBas tu orra?
Culgpigin air a duisin.
Isdaoire sin na tri huiB-
eaf:a air pbigin.
An glaca tu sgilip air Or
Bfujl ann?
Dar ndoi^ nac nglacam,
'Go d*as? nac leor duit
teastun air a duisin ?
Come hitherj girl.
What h'md ^f €ggi <tr^
those you lioce?
Hen eggs.
Are they fresh?
They were all. laid this
week,
ffozv many are in the
Ifashet?
There arc three do^en.
Bora many hens km>e
you f
}ve hafc iwelvp hem*
They are but littlfi, small
^^cggs.
There are npt t^fi^y smalf
eggs in the basket.
What will you take for
t/uifn ?
Fivepenc^ a dozen f
That is dearer than three
^g^ a p^nny.
Will you take a shiltv^g
for li'hat is in it?
Surely I xvill not.
Why? is not a groat a
a dozen enough for
yoH
Ta
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DIALOGUJETS.
15
Ta tri liuigeaCa tonnog
ann, os cionn an uhiiir.
Go de is luga glacas tu ?
Ceitre ptgin dhsLg.
So dutt tri pigin d^ag.
Contuis amac iad^
There are three duck eggs
in it J aver ihe number,
What ii the leiist that
you will take ?
Faurieeh pence*
Here are tkii^een pence
for you.
Count them out.
II.
Au tifuil eadac cao! gorm
agad r
Ta.
Cuir cornn de a latair,.
led toil.
Go de taaira tslat deso^
Naoi sgilinne deag.
Is garti liom ^ air an
airgiott sini
Feiciom comn i$ mine
na 30, ma ta se agad.
Nar mait leat leatad ni6r
a Taiceal?
Bud mait liom.
Sin eadac eaffl go leor
duit.
Ca meud is kiac de?
Ni tig liom sin|i diol air
ni is luga na seact
sgillinne is fitce air
a tslat^
Is m^r an luac sin.
Go deiihin is fiu an t^ir-
giott^, aduine riiaitr
r^ir mar dioltar e;u:rad
anoisv
Have you fine blue cloth f
I have.
Lay a piece of it before
me^ if you please.
What is this per yard? ^
Nineteen shillings,
I think it coarse, at that
price.
Let me see a piece finer
than this, y you hoot
it.
Would you wish to see
broad cloth ?
, / would wish it.
There is cloth fine enough
for you.
What is the: price of it f
I cannot 4ell t/iat for
less than tweniy^seven
fillings per yard,
That is a great price.
Indeed it is worth the
money; Sir, accordiffg
as goods arc sold nop.
Cliennnai^
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16
DIALOGUES-
Cheannaig mise eadac do
bYearr na fe, air cor6in
'III is luga naabfuil tu
ag iarruig.
Bfeidir sin, act is fada
o soin hf mo doig.
,Togar dam gur ro tana
an teadac L
Tana, dcirtu? breatnuig
ar}s air.
Motaig mar so ann do
lam b.
Motaigim h go Muil se,
mln go leor.
Nil sin tana, reir a caoile.
Is teanndtuite an snaitc
ata ann, na an eadac
bud raime na h.
Nac nglacfa da ginid air
daslaitde?
Dar mo Breitir, a diiinc
moduil, ni liom fein
air an airgiott sin h.
Abair, go de is luga §la-
cas tu?
Go dearBta d'airis me.
duit ar dtiks.
Nl biann an dara focal
agamsa.
Ma tig leat a diol air
cfiig is ponta, beid se
agam, agus muna dtig
leat, ni Biann.
Ni tig liom a diol aif sin
go deiriiin; oir sc sin
an tairgiott a fcosain
^ se darii.
/ bought better cloth
than itf for a crown
less than you ask*
That may *e, but it is
long since^ I suppose.
I think it is tery thin
cloth.
Thin^ do you sayf try
it again.
Feel it thus in your
hands.
I feel that it is smooth
enough.
That is not thin^ consi-
dering itsjineness.
It is firmer and closer in
the thread, thanthick--
er cloth.
Would not you take two
guineas for two yards
of it?
Upon my word. Sir, it is
not my awn for that
money.
Say, what is the least
you will take f
Truly I told you at the
first. .
I have ndt a second word.
If you can sell it for
twenty five shillings ^
I shall have it, and
if you cannot, I shall
not
I cannot sell ip for that
indeed; for that is the
money that it cost me.
Bifim
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«i#«QQV«ftw
It
ait eigin eile.
labraim leat.
Abair leit, m. % ttt
iiua$ an dadw*
Bi d^aife^t* » a\uiie ua»al,
g^^ ce^naig aiia^ a^
teadac «q^ air akgbtt
rei'd, comsaoris.^feidir
lipin ^ ieaauat; agite
ni Bfuigiro nl i$ «ftoire
^ Q» Ciiig }» pQQta.
Is doilig damsaacicasiiac
m\% mar ito:
Ni^ me ag ianrdg ac pir
gi^ HI aja i^lfimo, do
Ni habf^m }^<is md;
,. ^4 toiliais amac ^;
agus £iigmni a lu»c ^od
'dteagtoil fciQ.
Sin ugad anoi^^ adBar
casoigct^ d'eadac sarr
caql S)^9ana6.
Sleidir go ]i&il Bei^
uait
Ta <^il ic|o xmaii saoiit
agam.
Facipm giote do $g^
laid.
So duit €0rmi do leatfd
ihoir sgailojde is £barn
Agus so sioda dutt ro
/ aluinn,
Biieirim mo d^irhin duit
go mbeid cai team mai t
ann*
try in some otk,^r place.
St0. Sir, mtU I ^eak
to you. • ..
^Sf^y if you ^haHwji
thing.
Be assured Sir, that I
Imght t^ Qhth,f0>
rmi^mpiiw, &$ cheap ,
as Tcould buy iij mid
IiX>tMmigM ^fii
less thgn tzi^Hfjfz^ve
tkiiiing^.
I can hardly buy it from
you theu* !
/ asi miff one penny per
4hil^ng, ofprpfit.
♦ v
JshaUmy sq tmre; but
mefisure it aut; md I
kme the price ^ y^ur
(mik gQ4tispiU.
Noxv you have tksfwh-
ingpf0 eoai ^f^uperr
fm English jcl^tk. ,
Ferhflps yon wsnt #
waiscoat.
Jhane sam nm)p4tterm.
I^t rnfi ux 4 piece of
scarlet.
^JitXfi isa piece of the
besjk icarkt broad-
t^fatJi.^ ^
And here is some elegant
black iUh\ "
I assure you it uill wear
very well. . ^
Qa
GeaBad
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18
DIALOGIfES.
Gf abid me Beist do gac
seoirt
Go de an meud is cigin
dam a 'fagail?
Tri ceitreaib don scar-
loid, agus slat go leit
« don sioda.
G6de an seoirt cnaipead
iuireas tu air an ca-
soig?
Ta cnaipead orda fa do,
beag is mor.
Tabair daib mioncnaip-
ead orda.
Beid siad agad.
Togbfzid an tailliur an
Unin, agus na pocaid.
Cia he do tailliursa?
Seamus O'Concuir.
Is aitne dam h; is ro
iliait an fear ceipd h
Sin hy ag an taob tall d^on
tsr^id.
An gktbca me air?
Dheapa tu gar damr
Gab a leit, a Sheumuis
ui Cboncuir.
Go mbeannaid Dia dib
a daoine uaisle.
Glac mo tomas air culatd
eadaig.
Go de mur is ail] leatiad
a belt cieanta?
Do reir an mod ijB^nuada.
Ta docas agam go sais-
eaca me iku
Ca huaira bias siad prioi-
nuigte?
I shall tal^ a 'waUitmat
of each.
How much n^st I hwot ?
Three quarters of the
scarlet J and one yard
and half (^ the silk.
What kind of buttons
will you put on the
coat?
I have double gilt, of
various sizes.
Let me have small gilt
buttons.
You shall have them.
The tatflor will choose
the hnjingj andpockets.
JVho is your taylor ?
James (f Connor.
I kncfiv him; he is a very
good workman.
There he is^ at the other
side of the street.
Shall I call him^
You will oblige me.
James CfConnpr, come
hither^
Your servant, gentlemen.
Take my measure for a
suit of cloaths.
How will you have them
made, Sir?
According to the 7iewest
^ fashion,
f hope I shall please you.
JVheu will you have them
finished?
Teacta
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ized by Google
DIALOGiJ^SV
Teaeta tsatai^n so eug*
ainn, air an ceann is
foide.
Beid sin luat go leor.
Feidir muini^Q a cur
ann m* focal.
Bhfuil dadadx eile uait?
Nil an dadam eik anois.
Beid saihas liom socair a
ceanam duit«
Slan leat, a saoi.
Slan Icat air maidin. ^
On Saturdajf nestf
farthest.
1»
at
That will be soon emugft.
Sir^ you m^4ependupQ9^
my word.
Do you want any thing
else?
Not at present.
I will be happy to mve
you,
Farewellf Sir. ,
Sir, I wish you a good
morning.
m.
Go de an semt artisur so
Coirce malt sH: ma ta
se dit ort.
Foisgepla me amac h.
Feiciom.6.
Feuc tusa sin.
Nac glan, geal an coirce
sin?
Ta se air feabaa slol.
Is fi^arr h go niAr na
grainne is toirteadila.
Go de mur dioks tu ^?
Ceitre sgilUne is ponta
air a bairille.
Gheaba me coirce mait
air nios luga na sin«
Bhearainn f^in coirce
mait duit, air da sgi-
linn nios saoire.
Feuc w sac sin eile.
Bhfuil so uile air aon nds ?
fFhai kind of corn is this
*. you have?
Qood seed oats : if you
want it.
I shall open it out.
Let me see it.
Looi at that.
Is not that clean white
oats?
It is the kest seed.
It is much better than
larger grain.
Haw do you sell it ?
Twenty Jour shitUngsper
barrel.
I will get good oatt fir
less than that.
I can give you good pats
^y^^if fa'^ ^o skil*:
lings cheaper.
Look tit that other sadc^
Is this all aUftef *
S A 2 Is
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-^7
ID
ci tu a mbeul an t^kic
sin. •
Md6kpmlUu
Ta sin os cionA ItactftlEin
,thatg«W*-
Bheara me fitie sgiHittne
anbairiMe^ alf iflJfeil
Bheara tu an taon i^ (itce
air, agus-tri is^fitfee^it"
^ 4oiree*tl ^
D' furs^l me go Ifeoi- air
sin.
Gheaba me uirid air, is
diarr me ort
Ghes^ misie tkios daoif^
na sin h.
Hfl gtebaif air ntos lu]ga,
HI bionn se ct) timit;
Nil arbatr min« is £^*i>
san tirse.
Ca meud ta ^ad tie?
Ta Oct mbairille dfeag,
ann sna naot sak: sin;
^fgus ^ Biiriiie, sua
tri saiceiie.
- I^a diult m'furailv agus
cetno^ca me uile uait
^.
Ciiirfe tu leis tri j)i^inn
an bairilie^ air an ooirte
Sfe^KQ trirftgiUi^eisponta.
Ck, meud airgitt tig s6
uile ciiige? .
iti ti^i muth €f that
sack.
fVhatistkeprki?
T'H^efiitf'im skUtingi.
That is ab&dt the rAlaflcef
I will give 30 shillings
M^e ^f that'^tHd.
You wHi,gkf€twmt\f'%ne
for if, and meMf-
thr^eyy^ thesm di^.
i offered enough J or that.-
; / shall get as much for
it J as la^kedfromj/ou.
Isfmll^ itdieaperthim
that.
Ifjfouget it for less, i^
will not be so goad.
There is not better me&l
corn^ in this country i
How much have you of
itf
There are eighteen bar-
rets, in those ninesachs;
ttnd siv barrels^ in the
other three sacks.
jD$ not refuse my ^ffe^j
Mnd I wUl buy it all
from you.
fou shaU add three fence
per barrel^ for 4he
white oats.
That is twenty-three sel-
lings.
How much mowy does it
all come to ?
Is
^
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D1A?&0GV£S.
SI
Is furas sin a contas.
Ceitre ponta isfitce, agus
ofee^fegiUfcft'dfeag, go
beact.
Cuir fiUetfe AWa m*«!a.
|ikt>, agii3 Ibskigim
air a xh^aSAciin.
Sl^ ^ teat ertiittt^act
no oi*a cAatthac, ta
siad araMi iLgatA ^
fi^r&aSt.
Go de an ^^ort crlrft-
^eaN£tA«i^gad?
Ta yeiixi ag^s i^r afgam.
Bfeidir go mbeid shi liahn
' A^V a*i tslfittCtihUin-so
cuguinn.
Sail 4m t^artinSl %iid tii^it
llWn Iti no ttWtt saic
' Siogail a oeinnafe.
Creidim nac Bftnl an
dadaih-'de san rhargaid.
Go de t^ tu iarraid air
fett ihin^?
Seact sgillin dSag;" aglis
ttaoipi'gin^, airac^ad.
SaoiKm gd tifliU^^ tais;
niar cruadad an tarbar
go niajt.
Dearbuigim duit gut tri-
mnad go mart h.
MeUeftd go TO Aln h.
Fcidk hias gairbe a fag-
ail, act ni btBj|atn tu
* hk>s ftarr,
Bheara me s^ sgtUin d&ag
air e6ad duit.
Ni^tig Horn a glaca'd.
That is easHy reckoned.
Exactly twenty four
pounds eighteen ^hit-
lings.
Put a sack of it in th^
scales, 'andttit usiegin
to weigh it. .
If you wish to buy toheai
or barley y I have both
very good.
fVhat kind of wheat have
youf
t Mve both old and new.
Perhaps I may want
some next"weck.
At present I intend t6
buy a few sacks of rye.
I believe there is none in
market.
What do you ask for this
meal?
Sevc7iteen shillings, and
7tine pence, per hundred
weigJit.
I think it is damp; th6
corn has not been well
dried.
I assure you it is tery
dry. ♦
It is ground toofne.
You may get coatser,
but you will not fnd
better meal.;
I zvill give you slvteen
shillings per hundred
weight.
I cannot take it.
An
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58
DIALOGUES.
acd go bfuil siad ro
IV.
An i-aca tu cum an aon- IVilljfougo to the fair?
JVith all mjf heart.
Make haste then, or we
shall he late.
We shall be time a^ongh.
Now I am ready.
Let us set out.
Do you intend to buy,
or to sell?
I have some ones to sell,
and I "wish to buy some
sheep.
And I propose to buy a
saddle horse.
There are vtry good
horses in this country.
Yes — but they. are very
dear.
JVhat a number of people
are going to the fair!
You do not see the half
of them.
There will be a great
shew of cattle.
Where are your cows?
Yonder^ at the lower end
of the street.
I see them; they appear
to be in good order. ^
There are none fatter in .
the country.
How much, do you expect
for them ?
At least twelve guineas
per head.
U
aig!*
Ta mise ro )5ui'deac.
Maisead dean deifir, no
beidmid mall.
Beidmid am go leon
Anoisy ta me reid.
Deanam.
fihfuil diiil agad cean*
nac no dioL
Ta ciil bo le diol agam,
agus bu mait liom c^il
caorac a ceannac.
Ta d{ul agam eac astair
a ceannac.
Ta f acraig f ior mait sa
' tirse,
Ta
daor
Nac m6r lion daoine ta
dul cum an aonaig !
Ni 'faie tu a leit.
Beid neart eallai^ le tais-
bein ead.
Ca bfiiil do cuidse cal-
laig?
Ag sud, ag an ceann
ioctarac don tsraid.
Chim iad ; ta faiceal orr-
*ta belt a gctut mait.
Nil nios raime san tir.
Go de meud a bias tu
brat orrta?
Da ginidd^ag air ^ ceann
go ihiirig.
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DIAIOGUES.
2S ,
Is mcr an luac sin.
Is miait is fiu sin iad uHe.
Sin duine air cosmuil a
Beit diol eic.
Labrani leis.
Go de bias tu ag iarraig
air acapall sin?
Ta se saor air 'da f i'tcid
nginige.
Go de an aois ataaige?
Beid se an seact go <Ur
reac, teact na bealtine
so cuguinn.
Togair damsa go BfuiJ os
a ceann; cuaid se
tains coiharta b^il.
Dearbuigim duitscgurab
h sud a aois, oir do
beataig m? f^n k
A ndean se sodar mail?
Ni se siubal, sodar, is
cosanairde, coriiait le
aoin eac istir.
Gabamsa orm fe Beit
iomlan fallan, agus
saor a droic beas,
Cuinnig — go mbuailcam
do laim.
Sin cilig gini'd d^ag is
fi tee duit air.
O citear godtaitnean mo
capall leat, geaba tu
£^ air Oct nginig dfeag
is fitce.
Ni glacani ni is luga.
Ma beirim an uirid sin
(luit, is eigin duit
bonnaig mait a pron-
pad o^ni.
That is a great price.
They are xcell worth it.
Here is a person who -
seems to be selling a
horse. *
Let us sp&tk to him. '
How much do you ask •
for that hofse.
lie is cheap of forty ,
guineas.
Hozv old is he ?
He xvill le exactly seven, ^
at nest May.
I take him to he more^; -
he is past mark of
mouth. * y
I assure you that is his •
flge^ for I reared him
myself.
Does he trot well?
He can either walky trot, .
or gallop, as xcell as
any horse in the coun-
try.
I warrant him perfectly •
sounds and free from
vice.
Hold—^let me strike your • ^
hand.
There are thirty five ^
' , guineas for hifn,
Js you seem to like my ,
horse^ you shall have
him for thirty eight
guineas.
I xvill take no less.
If I give you so much, -
you must return me a
good luckpenny.'
Feidir
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54
T)IAhOQV^9.
* f eidir sin ^ fagl^il ag
mo deigmein Gain.
^ Agus ileana iwe miilai|f^
$in ag«ul Oct QgiDi'd
dfeag is fitce.
Pronfnamsa air ais orts)
leit f img mar honn
dutract-*
A mbeara me an capulj
cum do tig ftin?
Ni tugair, beid mo g'iolla
thin aim so air ballj,
giacfaid seisean uait h.
Scad, a diiinc uasal, do
ceannaig mise capall q
d' fa^ tu me.
Agus do did mise mo
cuid bo,
A bfuair tu uirid orrta is
bi siiil agad fagail?
Ni bfuair me sin ama^
orrta.
Fuair me da ginig d6ag
air gac ceaun dona
buaiU bliuct.
Air na bat seisgv ru
bfuair me acd deic
nginid.
Bfuii sitid air son a mar-
bad?
"Ma cuir'tcar a bforais
riiait iad, beid siad l^n
saill faoi miosa.
Saoilim gur diol tu go ro
niait iad.
Ta mc sasta.
Sin muvc'i n\aite.
Fiafraigim go
doib.
de luac
Vou m0 have tksf to
/ mj/ w» go0^ wiU.
J ak£fil dfi so. ,
IVellj tk(^^ arc thirty
eight guineas.
Of which I return ^&ii
half a guinm m a
luckpemy*
Shall 1 take tlie horse tf
your own home?
^0, my gri^m wiM b$
h^0 prfsentlyy 0h4
rficeive him from y^^-
Well, Siry J hqvis bmght
a horse sincfi ye^^leff
Vie.
And I hat)eimli tmf ems.
Did you get as^ much as
you ejfpectedfor thim f
Not quite as mUeh,
For the milch ams I
got txvehe guineas per
head.
For $he ^ dry ones dniy
ten.
Are they ft for kiUmgf
If put into good pasture,
they will be fat in less
than a nmith.
J think you have sold
them very xcelL
J am content.
There are some goodpig^.
Let us ask the price of
'them.
Go
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DIALOGUES*
25
Go de ta tti iarr^g air an
muc breac sin?
Tri fK)nta, agus cuig
sgilline d^ag,
Agus ca meud air crainu
siolaig SQ ?
Ta dM agam a diol, mar
. aon le na hail banban
ta sa cliab sin.
Ma ta siad uait^ geaba
tu faoi na luac iad.
Nil siad a dit orm san
am ceadna.
Kil agam anoig acd c^il
caorac a ceannac.
So sgafta do caorcuib
maite.
A gceanaca sgafta caorac
uamsa?
Go de an seort caoirig
iad so agad ?
Ni bfuil nios fearr air
bit.
Go de deir. tu? Nac
bfuil siad adbail beag?
Ta siad ro ramar.
Ca liieud cinn sa tread
sin agad?
Ata an deic isfitce.
Go de au meud a biadfa
ag iarraig air a tiom-
Ian?
Bheara tu ciiig ponta is
da f itcead orrta.
Ki tugam, na mdran
tains a leit
What do you ask for that
black and white hog ?
Three pounds fifteen shil-
lings.
And hoxv much for this
breeding sow ?
I intend to sell her^ with
her litter of' young
pigs that are in this ^
kish.
If you want them^ you
shall have them worth
money.
I do 7iqt want them at
presoit.
I have now only to buy
some sheep.
Here is a Jlock of *cefy
good sheep.
IVillyou buy a flock of
sheep from me ?
What sort of sheep are
these you have got ?
There are none better.
What do you say f Are
they not very small?
They are very fat.
How many have you in
that flock?
There are thirty.
How much would you
ask for the wholeflock?
You will give forty five
pounds Jor them.
I will not J nor much over
the half
SB A-
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26
Ateit! go de ah (\onas
a tluihe, \h costhuil hac
Bifaic tii iad.
Chim iiiait go leot iad.
&iB dnall, agus beir air
a diulac sa.
Wotaid iheiid feola aguis
lohiart ata air an molt
sin.
Anois go de saoileas tu
aesiri? .
SidiiTui ftafc t)1c an molt
^; act ca mtu'd cinn
doh ts^oirt srn agad ^
Ta do d^ag anh sin air
aoti cWt.
Cabfuilsia'd? i^i Yiaicim
i4d.
Dearc air do cMa; sin
c^aiin aca ; sih birt aiV
do laiih cK ; agus cilig*
mear eile tall ud,
Me4sith giir se^h rarcin
a gioUa adarcac sa.
MeaUta ta tii, is lAbit h.
JJeir grelm adairc air.
Beir fein greim clii^s
agus urbail air, agus
fiac ^.
Ma ta feim airgiott ort,
iar rii is cosfiiuil ie luac
do caoirig.
G^ de IS fiu caint? buail
immo laiiii.
Cuingig atna'C do Bas;
sin cii»g "pohta deag
air *f itcead duit.
DIALOG tfBS.
Vie half I wlwt iktplagni
marly it seefM ym do
, fwt Beis ihem.
I see them t&ell enough.
C6me Aitker, Smd kfy
hold on thisfeliaw.
Feel what flesh &ndjfk6de
are ^pon that xi>eflkr.
Now what do you think
^ftkaf one?
I think he is not S' tad
wether; but how many
have you of thai kindf
Tfiere bre twelve tkef^ in
ihe fame cast.
Where are they ? I do
rtdt see thefH.
Jjook behind you; there
• is^ on€ bf them; there
is a couple cCtyour left
hand; and fl*oe ri^orc
beyond there: /
I sttppose thi^ horned
fellow is an old roih.
Vim dre mistaken, he Is
a wether.
Catcfp him by the horti
Lay holdi>n himyoiirself
by the ears aiid tail^
and ts^ainme him.
Jf yhw want money, a^h
sorhethtng like the va-
lue of your sheep.
What avails talking?
strike viy hand.
Hold imt your hand;
there are HniHy-Jive
pounds to you.
Faicim
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DIALOaUES.
f^G^iT 'do laim ; ^ berrkl
tu ck fitcead ponta
daih, lio bei'd tu gan
iadr
Ni lieirid a >caoidc6^ go
deimin ; uiur $iu faigixn
;^l^n agad, is go raib
fat do cuid ort.
Fan, go naitweasa me
* duitgo de iJ€0nasif\e
leat;
Abair leat
Sin duine uasal ag teact
^ marcaigeaict anuas^ a
. bptar^ agus faganioid
fa na breit€fualn^is h.
Ta mise sasta.
Se do beata/ atair Plia-
druig*
Gur beaita duit « Sh^in ;
/go dc an cor so ort?
i^taim ag iarraid cunrad
a deanam, le duine
uasal, fa prasgaia cao-
rac, ataagamanu so;
is ni tig iintt a. teact
cura crice. ^
.Agus go de an mend a
dfurail se duit ?
Niar furail se acd c^ig
ponta deag air fit-
cead, ail' rra dqc
^7
Zct rm 4ee^your han^
you shall give rmfyrty
pounds or want tbm.
I never will^ indeed; so
fcCr^ you. well, and I
r whh you lufk of your
awn.
Stay, till I tell you what
Iwili-dq mtkym. '
Say away.
There is a g^tleman
coming filing, down
the road, md let us
leave it (o his Jtfdg-
ment.
I am satisfied,
God save you^ father «
Patrick. /
JToit likewise John; 'u^hat
are you doing ?
Striving to make a ban-
gain, with a gentle-
man, about a parcel
of sheep that I have
here; and we cannot
r come to an end..
And how much di(f he
offer you ?
He offered only thirty
Jive pounds, Jqr those
thirty sheep.
gcaoivige fitc;p^ sin.
. Agu3 nar beagle^t.^ih? ,4nd did you think that
little? ,
Ra,rq,^ieag lion) .^ go Jt thought it too little
. 4^^Pt : indeed.
,^.\
2 B 2
Go
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28
DIAXOGUES.
Go (f as ? go tic an mcud
a bias tu ag iarraig
orrta? •'
Diar meciaf itcead ponta,
go beact, on ta.
- Pearbfuigim duit nac
bfuigfea an uirid sin,
air aonac san contaig.
MaSead, atair Phadruic,
mas h do toil, labair
tusa focail eigin ead-
ruinn.
Tuigin^, a saoi, go raib
mo corharsac agus tusa
a gcumain ta cikii cao-
rac.
Do bamurne, a deag
duine, acd tii dtiucfa
liom conrad a deanam
Icis; fritim f ior cruaid
h.
Ca meud ata eidfib?
Ata iomadaid eidrinn;
ata ci!lig ponta.
• Tiucfa fusa anuas, a
Shein, fa da Titcead
sgillii^e, go haitrid.
^ Deantar do toilse, atair
Phadruig.
Bheire mise ponta eilc
, do, air dfocal sa.
Anois nil acd da (>onta
eadrib; agus i^ i an
comairle l^irimse orn-
ib, rannaigid an barr-
ai'deact an da leit
WKyf kcfw ffiuchdoyou
ask for them?
I asked forty pounds^
exactly^ for them,
I assure you that you
' would not get so mucky
at any Jair in this
county.
Well, father Patrick, if
you pleasej say same-
thing between us.
I understand, Sir^ that
my neighbour and you
were bargaining about
some sheep.
TVe were, good Sir, but
I could not make a
bargain with him; I
find him very hard.
Haw much is between
youf
There is too much be^
tween us; there' are
foe pounds.
Jghn, you must come
down about forty shii^
lings, at least.
Your will be doney father
Patrick.
I shall give him another
pouna,onyour account.
liJow there are but two
pounds between you;
and I advise JM ' to di-
vide the diffei^tnce in
two equal parts.
Ta
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BlALOtiUHS.
T» misie sasta. Cfo <lc
dek tusa?
Ta raise sasda fds. ^
Ta reid so duit an tair-
gbtt. V
Cio raib rat do margain
ort.
Anois ti do gnotaid retd,
£iUk)m na Baife.
Mo'taigiomsa me fein
tuirseac, is . ba mait
deoc leanna d\.
Ta leann f ior mait, ag
comarta an tairb duib.
Agiolla, tabair cuguinn
curraigin don leanu is
fearr a bfuil agad.
Gheaba sib gan m^iU e,
a daoine uaisle.
Is siiim an deoc i sin,
san aimsir teit se.
Deanam anois, btom dul
na baile.
Go de ta lenioc?
Deic bpignid, daoine
uaisle. >
So duit ht
Go de mur ihtan leat na
caoiiige a drabairt na
baile ?
Fttigfe me ann Foraois
coihgarac a noet iad ;
agus bearaid mo buac-
aiiUge fein na baile
iad a.marac.
An feidir feur mait fa-
j(ail s^ gcpwarsnactsa?
29
I am satisfied. JVhattay
you ? ^
I am satisfied likewise.
Here is the money Peady
for you.
I wish you much luck
of your bargain.
Now your business is
done, let us return
home.
I/eel fatiguedy arid would
wish totak€(k4raught
^fale.
There is sotfi^ very good
at thesign of the Bkick
Bull.
fFaiter, bring nsa bottle
of your best ale.
You 4iudl haeoe it imme-
diately^ Gentlemen.
That is a pleasant draught
in this hot weather.
ComCj let us return home.
JVhatistobepaidf
Ten pence, Gentlemen^
Here it is for ytm.
How do you intend to have
your sheep brotight
homef
I will leave them in a
convenient pasture to-
night; and tO'morrori\
my men will bring
them home.
Can good grass be got
it^ this neighbouf^hooii ?
fior
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30
Bl^WQVn.
FiPT. liiftit, a6d rb 'daor.
Anaircis na lugno^ beid
fi nios ^4otre,
^u l^t, a dmm uasail
Si^n de leatsa, a iitiine
rfialt.
JTerj^ood, hut vertfdodi^.
7 awards Lammas it will
be chMper^
Fatewcly.&ir^^
Sir^ good day to you.
Cahaitaraiti tq^
Thainic me anois ■ on
nutrgaii. .
Gf)M pttnnaig tu? .
Spoil caoir feola^ sli^ad
isairiiff oil, 18 ceaifulli
ttain.
An Kfuil fcoil daoraftois?
JDiokar tt^iiieoil air.occ
bpij^ug an |>OQta,
mairtfeoil air s^ p»gin
]sleit{>igin) agd^uaia-
leoil air seact agiliine
an ceatraii.
Go de an luac ata air an
muic feoil? .
Nil a dadarh de
nidrgad.
Sud tear
^anlaite;
cugani.
Go Ac na h^anlaite so
agad?
Oiorcoga oga ta ionota.
Go de ibeud iarras tu
orrta?
peic bpignkl an ceann.
^ia ^lacan tu iad uile,
beara me air oct bpigin
d^gan disiad.
Nac Bfuil gfetd no turc-
aigeana agad ?
an* an
ag lomcaift
glaoc
air
JVherc have jfifw been ?
I have just come from
, tkemarh^.
.What did you buy ?
A leg of nmttMy a jir-
Idia of beef, and, a
fuat'ter iff lamk :
Is meat dear now ?
Mutton sells for eighir
pence per pound, beef
for siiT-pehce half pen-
. . ny, and lamb for seven
shillings per quarter.
What is the price of
pork ?
There is none in the
inarket..
There is a penion carry,'
in g fowls; <all him to
me.
What fmvts are those
that you havef
They are young chickens.
JIow much do you ask
for them ?'
Tei^ pence a-piece.
Ifjfou take them aU^ I
mil give them for
eighteen pence a cotipk.
Ham . you w geest^ or
turkies ?
Ta
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UTlAlOCOltJ^
St
raihar s^tvil^bdiic agfttn,
: CiiifgtafittiB aige. "
Do Bi locana agam ^s,
aid "do tog aft sion-
nac iad uilii mr i»iuBal
£a mor an truaig diti;
Nft Uieart air M^ aitok 3
Saoilinnse sfe pigin d^ag
^ ^ dis gd leor. air fta
giorcoga sift*
Nia beataig me riarii air
sin ia<l. .
T^l tugai^ nios mo orrta,
Tarr annso Ids an iasg
So briG maite, iif u^ an
iiisgi^.
.Nae tSfull bradaiti agad ?
Ni la^b aon ceanft sna
libntuib lenioflaad lad-
: tib.
Acdgobfuilliatoga, odo-
ga codoga foirlionta;
Agus ffeadar oisri^nid, is
crubaini'd, is partain
fa^ail saor go leor.
Nil aon don tseort sin
uaitft.
Go de liieud glacas tutCir
san meise Breac sitt?
Tri sgilline go beact.
Bheara me an do agus
sfe pigin duit. ,.
Ts ll-atsa iad a saoi.
1 tmve wine Jne fat
g^^io at himte^ and a
, nimkb^ur t^fmine has
a fiock (^ turkm.
I had some ducks dtso^
but the fo.t has car-
ried them all away.
That was a great pity.
There is nQ help for it
now^
I think sivteen pehce
a couple enough for
the chickens.
1 never reared them for
it. '
2 tvill give no more.
Come hither with these
fish.
Here are good trouti,
fresh out afthe water.
Hwcc you no salmon ?
There has not been one in
' ihe '' nets^ for several
day^ '^^
But flat fish,' haddock
and cod are abundant
Oysters^ cr^ibs and lob--
siefs atso may be had
c^h^apvnc^igh. ^j
Iwant7ione of' that kind.
What.^n^ill you take for
that dish of trouts ?
Exactly three shillings.
I zvilt give you Yzco ihU-
lings and six penct.
They are yours^ Hir.
Cuir
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32.
X>I4tOOV£f
Cuir fios air bainne agua
air im gus an lactainn.
Tafiair carta uactair leat,
agu8 tri oarta leash-
nacta, agus da ponta
ftiie.
Nac mbia'd gru't is mdag
uait?
Ni Biann, is fcarr liom
sean cait Shasanac. .
An brail aon dadaiii d'i tn
sailte ag ninaoi an
tige?
Gheannaig si crucau de
la an margaid so cuaid
torainn.
Go de d'ioc si air?
Aon fxigin d^g is leit
, f>igin, air aq ponta.
Feuc an bfuii aran go
leor astig.
Ta go leor, idre geal is
ruady mion is m6r.
Ta aimread £&sj^n loin
mait d' ioliomad ean«
laite f iadain*
Ba ihait liom ceatraih
d' Teoilf iadaig.
Gheaba mise sin duit,
ag an Torais Tia'daig.
Smd to. tkc dsity fot
milk and iutter.
Bring m fWr* qfcrwm,
three fuaru of rmv
milky €ndi two pounds
of butter. ;
tViUyau hme no cwds
and whttf ?
iVb, I prefer old English
ckme.
Han tie kouse^keeper got
any salt butter ?
She bought a crock of it
last market day.
What did she pay for it?
Eleven pence kal/penny
per pound.
See that there be bread
enough Iftid in.
There is enough^ both
zi'hite and household,
large and small.
The larder is well stored
also with variety of
wildfowl.
I should wish to have a
haunch of venison.
I will procure one for
you at the deer park.
' VI. Of Health, S^c.
Godc inur ta tu, oga- How do you do, Sir?
naig?
Taim
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DIALOGUES.
Taim s\hn fallain, go
raib mait agad, aduine
uasail.
Cioiinas ta d' atair ?
Nil se go mait
Go de ta air?
33
Fert/ zvell^ Z thank t/ou,
How is your father?
He is not well.
JVhat ails him ?
Ghlac se pian cinn, agus He has got a pain in his
^ head J and a sickness at
his stomach.
tinneas beilgaile.
Ca'fada breoite ^?
A dtimcioU deic la o
soin, fuair se fliucla,
afe fillead o Choi'caig.
Homo long has he been
ill?
About ten days ago he
got wet J in returning
from Cork.
Ann sin rinne se gearan He then complained of
fan teas, agus crit-
fuact.
O soin a kit lieigin do a
, leaba cuingBeal.
Nar cat s^ lus sgaoilte
no aiside?
Nior glac, acd gur bain-
ead fiiil as, agus iho-
taig se 6 ftin nios
nieasa na dlaig. '
Ta eagla orm go Bfuil
fiabras air.
Ilaca me da 'feucain air
ball
Scad, a saoi, ci an doig
so ort?
Taira go ro tin, a doc-
toir.
Mo'laigiom do cuisle.
Taiciom do teanga.
A Bfagantu socraideact?
being ^ hot ^ and yt:t
shivering.
Since that time he has
been confined to hi^
bed.
Has he taken physic or
vomit? ^ ^ .
No, he was bled^ and
found himself xcorse
after it.
I fear he has got a
fever.
I will call and sec him
presently.
JVell, Si7\ how do
do?
Very ill ijidced, doctor.
you
Let me feel your pulst.
Let 7ne see your tongue.
Huw do you Test ? ' ' ^
Ni fagam codia sai;ii air I get no refreshing sleep.
bit. ;
8 C . ' At5fu:i
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/S4
.^ A Bfull giilfe air bit
agad? No mbidnn tu
tartrhar?
Biann tart nior orm, acd
nl tig lioiil a dadaih
•ite.
Ta suii again rtac fadjt
go iiibiad bise^c ort.
Aig pia ata tios sin.
Nil fios agani go dc
t an cor ata onn.
Ka bi go dubac.
Chonnaitc iinse d^atair,
agus ni togai 'darh go
bf liil se a gcoiitabairt
, go sea'd.
Is ergin a ceann a l>ear-»
rad, agus ceiriri ni6r,
leatan do cuileoguib
a cur ain
Cataid se flon go huf.
Cuinnigttfar an seaitira
fionnfuar, agus aede-
afta go mait.
Na cuirtear miosuaiifi-
neas air.
Nar r.osaid tu morah
luct galair, aniu ?
Is omoa sin. Do glaoc
me. air niaidin, dteu-
cain tiirt paisle saix
ngalar breac.
Sa teac a bfoigse doib,
do bi an bruitineac,
agus an triug.
/cd- ni laib ami aon aca
ro anacrac.
tHAtdGUES.
Have you sitfp appetite?
Or are you thirsty f
I have a great thitst^
but can eat nothing.
t hdpe you wilt soon be
better.
God knows. I cannot
^ fell what is the matter
with me.
t>o not mahi yttttsetf
unedsy.
t hdie seen your father^
and do not thtnk him
in immediate danger.
You iHust get his head
sha'Vedj and have a
large blister applied fa
it.
Let h':m take wineprttty
Jredy.
Keep the roifm cool iind
well aired.
Let him not be iisturbti.
tiave you visited mMy
patients to-day f
SeveriiL In the mtfrfi^
ing I called to see two
children in the smtdU
poa^.
In the next house were
both the fneaste^ and
hooping Cough.
But none were danger^
ously ill.
, Bill
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DI^tOGUES.
3^
Bhi o^^Bajc f^oi cnapi
cuim, ^ tifwaii* fualrt
uaim mar angceadna,
£hi sesean ro lag, acd
gp rigii.li «p.eoir ji^^t
ann.
3p iugainn bean, ag^s
leaijub na huct.
Go de so air do leaijaB,
^ JS^n jQacanta ?
Oc ! a "deag gra'd, is air
^t^m ti^rralngtc .ai<^-
meal^.
A )ifeicjtear gpgpiiir<^ai^n
se piasta trid ?
A inbipnn se cjinu le na
fiaclaiU ipa codla'd?
no piocad ^ sr6in?
^i se gac cuid diobta
go minic.
TaBair asteac ^; sgribe
mje ni eigjii dp air bill.
Nac jse^ij^pia;* ^n said-
breas, ^3^^*^^^ Aait ^a-
Qidead is tearc s- c.uireas
auim ami, mar cdir
a6ib./
.ipiipnpAirc jnise dukie
dojcia aniu, a caill ra;
d^rc a '4a iuil, ti:je na
baodais fein.
Cionas $in ?
I'aansgeul ro/fada. Inn-
seaca pie di^it [^y\h h.
Nil agaixi anp^s aqd' cu-
,air.t air duihe, ^r bri-
sead acos go deigio^
:pac.
A young mc^n, in a con^
mmptmiy received a
visit also.
He was very weak^ but
in good spirits.
Here conges a xvoman with
g. child ill her arms.
What is the matter with
ygur childy good wox
man ?
Q Sir, it has terrible
convulsions.
J)oes it seem to pas^ iiny
wqpn^f
Dots it grind its teeth
when aslfcp f or picfk
its nose?
It does bo{h v^ry often.
Bring it \n; twill pre-'
scribjefpr It presently.
What a blessing it is to
enjoy good health ^
4ndyetfezv esteem it as
theym'ght todo^
I saw a poor 'wretch to^
day, who had lost the
sight of both his eyes
by his pzvn foll§.
How was that ? "
The stbfy is too long. I
will tell you again.,
I have now only to visit
a man^ xvHose leg was
lately broken.
^ c 2
Cipnas
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36
DIALObUES.
,Cionas ta Sfean aniu?
Ta moran nios fearr, a
'deaggrad, taini buideac
duitse.
Nav oibrig na hicead go
mait?
/P'oibi igeadar, agus nil
se gearan xxifid fa pian
pa cojse.
Js doig gobfuil^n cnaim
ag greiniead, faoi an
trat so.
Chi tear go bfuil blseac
ipmcu^aig air.
I^eigtear suaimneas do,
' agus is doig Horn go
jiiTeidir leis a beit ria
s ui'd suas, faoi beagai^
|actib.
How is John to-day f
Much better^ 5/r, I give
you thanks. .
Did his medicines operate
well?
They didy and he com^
plains less of the pain
in his leg.
The bone must k(we tini^
tedy before this time^
He appears considerably
better.
Let him be kept quiets
and t hope he will be
able to sit up in a'Jea^
days, ^
VIL Travellings the Country y 8^c.
Ca l^fujl 1110 giolla ?
tTaim annso a ihaigistir.
I^lifiiil ha Keacraig-reid ?
Ta siad go direac cur
deirig 1q na gcuid
coirce, agus beid siad
reid ambeag^naim^ir.
]3eir cum an doruis iad.
A ndeana tu *(lb cead-^
' louga 'brisead, sulfa
racfa tu as baile?
Ni deanad-acd" brise me
' ieadlonga san \wx* ' '
|s saitn a beit niarcaigr
* eict sa maidin ciuih.
|fi> a6;binn an aimsir ta
'"^guinn, * -
Where is my servant ?
Here^I am^ master,^
Are the horses ready ?
They, are just JiJiishit^
their oatSy and wilt Be
ready in a few minutes.
Bring them to the door.
frill y oil ireakfast be-
fore you leave home f
jyi>, I shall breakfast in
Nexf^ry. '
// is pleasant to ride fi|
'. ajine morning.
IFe have delightful wea^
th^r.
h
-.Digitized by CjOOQIC '
DIALOGUES.
Is TO rfiait again na tire,
Ta eagla orrp go dtiuca
cit orrain.
Kil acd iieul,'' a racas
tort gan ihoill.
Sin fear air a mbota^
romainn.
Dcanani go nibearamoiB
. air, agus go mbiam a
gcruadal leiis.
Cio mbeannaVd Dia duit,
a dame rhait.
Go mbe^nnaid an cead-
na duitse. ' ' '
Nac breag an ihaidrn I
so?
Is breag i, gloir Mo
Dhia.
Ca fada tainic tu air
maidin?
. A dlinjclol ciiig mile.
Hap, a duinc, as tu rinne
an fnoc eirig.
Nior codail nie rp Bfad,
go deiinih.
Car codail tu.areir, le^lo
cead?' • '
Po co<lail me sa Isr^id
baile. ' ; \ •
An ann sin ' a Bias tu do
corhnaig?
IS.i head, acd a gcontaig
an rig.
GabfuH duil agada Beit
^ noct? .
Ta'diiil agam a Beit aibn
Ardmaga, mas feidir.
Beid tu ann sin am go
leon
37
The country appears very
J fear we shall get a
shower.
It is only a cloudy that
will soon pass.
There is a man in the
road before us.
Let us overtake him, and
enter into conversa^
tion with hvn.
God save you, good mart.
May the same bless you.
Is not this a fine morn-
ing?
It isy thank God.
How Jar did you come
this morning ?
About five miles.
Hay man^you have arisen
- early.
Indeed I did not sleep
very long. '
Pray, where did you
sleep last night?
I slept in Dundalh^
Do you dwell there ?
No^ but in the King's
County.
Where do you intend to
be to-night?
I intend to be in Armagh
. if possible.
You will be there soon
enough.
As
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d8
WAtOCUES,
A» Atsas^athuil cleans an
eac sin agad.
M hrc^%y crua'dala^ a
gearran beag lb. ,
Gal>am orm go ndean
se sodar go inait
Nil nios fear air bit, dji
meud.
Go d^ an aoia ta aige?
phi^nnaid me air son
beiteacc^ig mbliapa,
fa nodloig jsa cuaiq
tort h.
Bbfuil beul mait aiger^
flot ihait; agus cQssa
iallain.
Measam gur co^in se
Acactp no Oct ponta
d^ag.
Co3saui ^ BIOS foigse
cion fitced, dar mo
coin£
Se so mo Gealacsa, a^s
IS efgin darii dl^HaiL
Turas^fo^ iiutt; i
Hat do turais ort >
GoaoiriSidelXiaduit. }
Ca baVta mbriseam c^ad-
longa?
Is ionnan dam ^.
Beir air am caiple a6, a
buacaill, agus siutSal
'tort Jc0 Sieal ann sin.
Ann sin tabair f^ur doib,
agvis cutmil ^s go
mait iad.
Bacamaii^t da bfeiicain
ai; ite a mbiad^ir;balL
Tb0t is a pretty neat
horse tfou have.
JJe is a brave^ hardf
little hack.
J warrant he tr^m welh
There is none betfef /^
his size.
What is his age ?
/ bought Mm ^s a kors^
of five years ofii^ fasf
Christmas
Has he a ggod rmuth P
Very good; and somd
feet.
I suppose he cost m^e^--
teen or eighteen pouniif.
£[e ^sf nearer twe^tgt
upon my hovQur.
This is my roady an^I
must lea^e ypu*
Jwishyouagoadjot^ney^
JVhere shall we br^h-
fast?
It is equal to me.
Take these horses^ boy^
and lead them about
fin; some time.
Then give thevi hpy^ ^nd
rMb thewt well dffwv.
We win see thmfedpre-
sently.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DIALOGUES.
3^
A 1fea<jmanai^> faj^am ar
^eadtonga gan ihoill
Befd sin aguib, a 'daoine
uaisle.
An aill.Iibuibeaca?
Gau aifaras. Agus bi
dearbta iad beft ikn
Gearr aran is itn.
Lion mias tea, agus cuir
call ifiait siucaire, is
uactar ann«
An racfa spaistearact, go
bfeiceam an baile ?
Ni tcigeam anois. Oir
cuiread sin moilisroTad
oruinn.
Anois tamoid anairde
ails.
Is breag an tlr i so*
Ta an barr agealtad fog-
niar ratihar.
Taid na ^dai'd a gctui
mait air a^ai|.
Ca leis an tea£ sin air an
cnoc?
Leis an Tigeama ,
acd se Sar Se6n — -
a coihnaideas anois
ann*
Togtar gur ti^ ir h.
Kil sa baire le seact
mbliadna foirgnlte.
iTaan forba farsamg foir-
leatan, an aba! gort
(ilandta le crannaib,
2gus nalinteUn lionta
Q iasgaib*
Waiter^ let us get break-
fast immediately.
You shall ha:oe it^ Cren-
tlemetL
Do you choose eggs ?
Certainly. And be sure
that thev arefresK
Cut some bread and buU
ter.
Fill a cup qftea^ and put
a good deal of sugar
and cream in it.
f Fill you take a walk, to
seethe town?
Not now. It would de-
lay us too long.
Notw we are mounted
again.
This is ajine country.
The crops promise an
abundant harvest.
. And the gardens appear
very forzvard. '
fVhose house is that on
the hill?
It belongs to Lord ^
but is inhabited atpre-
sent by Sir John .
It seems to be a new
house.
It has not been built
more than seven years:
The demesne is evtensive^
the orchard well plants
ed, and the fish-ponds
x^ell stored.
Anois
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40
DIALOGUES*
Anois tangamargo com-
rac na nibotar, ni fios
dam cia aca geabam.
Chini duine sa macaire,
a jiiuineas diiinn h.
Sea'd, a caraid, ci aca so
an bealac go -^ ?
Gab slige na laime clide.^
Ca Tada, no, ca meud
mile as so H^..
Nil se Qs cionn a se^t.
Do hinsea'd damsa go
raib sc a bfbgus d'oct
mile.
An eigin cluinn an bot-
arsa cuingbcal dii* fad r
Ni head, acd an uair
tiucfa sib a^coisa cnuic
ag an droicead Beag,
is eigih .^uit iompo air
do laiih cli.
A mbeirid an botar sin
smni
Ki bearan air fad. Fea-^
dar Fiafruga ag, an
cead tig indiaig tion-
Tamoid bui'deac duit.
Is cosriiuil le tir malt
^adacta i so.
Ta fascad mait do coil-
' cib coillead san ngei-
mread ann.
Biann an iomad paitn-
osg, trid an goirt,
agus naoscay, annsna
curraigib.
A bfuil geariTiada, no
sionnga, lefagaiUiihso.
Now we have come /#
crosyroadsy I do not
knpw which to take.
I see a man in thejield^
who will tell us,
Ifo friend, which is the
way to ?
Take the left-hand road.
How far, or, how many .
miles is it from this ?
Not more than seven.
I was told that it was
nearly eight.
Must we continue long
on this road?
Noj when you reach the
foot of the hilly at a
little bridgCyyou must
turn to your left.
IFill that rpad bring us
to — — ?
Not quite. You v;ay en-
quvx at the first house
after you turn. ^
JFe thank you.
This appears to be a good
sporting country.
There is good cover for
woodcocks iri winter.
Partridges abound in tht .
corn fields y and. snipes
in the bogs.
Are there any hares *or
" ' foses to te found here ?
^ - - - Bhi
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DIALOGUES.
41
Bin go leer do gearrfi-
adaib ann, anallod ;
acd is l)eag nac ar
s^rios na cuin iad.
Agus biom ag maiBad na
sionnac, ait air bit a
tig linn a bfagail
Bionn iasgaireact breac
air feobas, san amain
so romainn.
A bfuil an aman sin
domuinn?
Nil Do bi at anallod,
san ait a bfuil an droic-
ead anois.
An bfuil aimnead air bit
eile le tarsnad, idir so
agus ?
Ta aman mor leatan a
dtarsanfar tairis a
mbM tu.
Ciouos ainmnigtear an
aman sin ?
An Bhanna, ruitean si
asteag go Loc neiteac.
Sin teac Brugaig toigea-
mail, (no toig sgoloi-
go maiseac, no brug-
baile, no dilnaig dehg-
ihaiseac) indlios, agus
toigeac comgair.
Ta na boit-eic, sna bA-
toigte, agus cro na
mixc suidte air aon
rcim, re tig na ngam-
nad, agus cro na gca-
orac.
Is cosmuil go bfuil cail
cruaca arbair, agus cru-
There were several hares
formerly, Jbut the grey-
hounds have nearly
destroyed them.
And we kill the fo.ves
whenever we can find
them.
There is good fishing Jor
trouts in the river
that you have to pass.
Is that river deep ?
No. There was a ford
formerly where the
bridge is now.
Havewe any other rivers
to cross, between this
and f
You have a very large
one, over which you
will be ferried in a
boat.
What is that river called f
TheBann; it runs into
Lough Neagh.
There are c{ neat farm-
house, yard and offices.
The stables, cow-house,
and hog'Sty are ranged
uniformlywith the calf
and sheep 'pens.
There appear to be some
stgcks of corn and
2 x> aca
Digiti
ized by Google
42
DlAt6€fU«*.
aca ftir tifrtt san ail-
goirt
Jjac aluinii an Itena sin,
a dtaobsios dan ngar-
•da.
Ta an feor tirm apuid.
Is doig Horn go mBiad
fo griiar malt go tbir-
leatan anri.
Ta faiceal riiai't air na
huile ni, acd Hn.
Ni Taca me ceacta ag
treoBad, o dTagiHar
baile.
Nil branar sariiraid coit-
eeann i^a tir so.
Guittear cruitricact go
morrfioir air lorg ila
Bfiitaid.
Biann gnuis mordacta
air na sleiBte so, on
dtabb tuaid.
Biann folac sneacta air
fead an geiniri^ orrta:
acd, san tsamrad, biann
airneis 6g ag ingilt
orrta.
GaBam orm go mbifonn
cios ard, sa tir so.
Cionas lelg'tear fearainn
sa n^t so ?
Suidtear ifearann, o deic
sgilline fitcead, go
tri nginide an acair,
reir a cail, no a cineal.
Acd go mbionn cead ag
gac tionaiteac, sandu-
ricks df hay in the
yardi
What ajine mmdam that
isy below the garden !
The hay is ripe.
I hope there wiU be a
gdod harvest in gene-
raL
Every thing appears well
except flax.
I have nat Seen any
ploughs at work since
We set out.
Summer fallows are not
common in this coun-
try.
JVheat is usually sinvn
after potatoes. i
These mountains toWArds
the north have a ma-
jestic appearance.
They are covered with
snow during the win^
ter : but^ in sutnmer,
young cattle graze
upon them.
I suppose rents are high
in this country.
How do lands let in this
place ?
Lands are let from thirty
shillings to three gui-
neas per acrcy accord^
ing to their quality.
But every tenant on this
estate has a liberty to
taig
Digitized by VjOOQIC
piA?[,a^PES,
43
buaia h Toire^^ ido,
san m6inig ihd'ir. (iVo
sa mboga^l mdr, no
sa bpuftac m6r.)
I^ do\g Mqoi Dae bf^il
gual fa na faireacaib
so.
Nil fei'dm air gi^aj, oir
ta pailtios m6$i^ ^pn.
Le li|ln ar gcruacjal, is
eagal liom gur g^B^-
loar an bealac e^g-
corac.
Na bio'd eagal ^rt; is
comaxB liom an bo tar
so go mait; oir do
3iubal me ^, ,do bli^-
antajb o soin.
Ohim au baile, ^^n axa|[.
Agus binn i^a cijle ag
f €ui% OS cionu na
gcrann fa gcuaii^t.
J[s aluinu a suiij^ari^ain ta
<aige.
Ge liac pior m baile
gnotaig^ 6.
Bionn njargad mait lin-
eadaig, gac luain, ann ;
agus aon^c airijeise
air, An cead cQ^^Joinc
gac jQiiosa,
-Cia an drong >§p air .an
mbotar ?
Is Aocraide ta ^nn ; , nac
gclume tu t4&g ?
cut as piam/ turf as he
'i^ants^ in fJfe great
bog.
I believe fhere are no
coals in this neigh-
bourfiood.
They flre not panted, for
there is abundance of
turf.
While chatting^ I fear
we have ta^en the
wrpng ro^d.
You n£edmtfear^ I re--
collect this road very
welly having travelled
it same years ago.
I see the town in the
plain.
The s^ire of the church
rises above the sur^
rounding trees.
It is beautifully situ-
ated.
Yet it is not a town of
much trqde.
There is a good linen
tnarket in it every
Monday^ a^d a fair
far cattle Qn the first
IVednesday^ in evei^
month.
What crowd is this pn
the road?
Jt is a funeral, do you
not h(^r the cry f
2 p 2 Cia
Digitized by VjOOQIC
u
DIALOGUES*
Cia an t(^rraIh fe so ? Whose funeral is this ?
T6rram Phadruic i Dhui- Patrick Daman's.
rain.
Cahuair a d'eag se?
Air maidin, a n^.
Go de an aicid tainic
air ?
Caoin caitea'd na na-
durta as a cfeile ; oir
bi aois mbx aige.
An tifuil an reilg abfogus
do so?
Ag fuigeall na scan cille,
ta air an cnoc ud tail.
Is oiiBinneac an taiharc
ta air an tseanfoirg-
nearh sin.
Ta an iomad da lei'tid '
sin, san tir.
Creidimse gurab iomda
lorg saor oibre, agus
foirgiliugad, ta ann
Eirin, on tsean aimsir.
Is ro iomda iad, agus
crutaigean sin go raib
aitreabuig, agus ealad-
nad ann, o iianaib.
Bud saiih Horn a Beit
tract fan adbar sin,
arb, leat; san am
ceadna, rainiceamarati
baiie.
Fanamoidannso, fead an
cuinfeasgair; agus air
maidin is eigin daihsa
siubal liom ffein.
JVhen did he die?
Yesterday moriiing.
JVhat zvashiscomfdaint *
It was a gradual decay
of nature^ for he was
very Md.
Is the burying ground
near this ?
It is at the remains of
the old church upon
yon hilL
That ruin has a vene^
ruble appearance.
Thete are many such in
in the country.
I believe there are many
remains of cultivation
and buildings in Ire^
landy of remote anti-
quity.
There are very many^
which prove this coun-
try to fiave been inha-
bited and civilized at
an early period.
I shall be happy to talk
with yoii on this sub-
ject agpin^ in the
mean time we have
reached the town.
JVe shall stay here^ dur-
ing the afternoon;
in the morning I must
travel on by mysey^\
h
Digitized by VjOOQIC
DIALOGUES.
45
Is truag Horn go cait-
feamois sgararh co
luat >
Ta suil agam d'faiceal
ark, faoi Beagau Jae-
A biataig, a Bfeadam
leapaca maite fagail
annso, a iioet?
Gheaba sib sinn tirm, '
tiagta ro sai^asac.
Biod proinn ollara, fan
ciiig o clog>
Cionas a cait tu an cuin
feasgar? i
Chait me a dtig ^araid h.
T^a se trat dol a luige.
, Sar codla suaimnea6
duit
Agiolla, Bfuil mo capall-
sa umaigtei
Ta sereid, aduinie uasail;
acd go bfuil crut air
bogad aige.
le gaba
oU^ir,
moc, ^ ^.
go.
Ta se ro
•fagail ag
sead.
G'eaba tu ceard gaban,
air an botar; agu3
saoilim an dtligfe do
capall a crut, go
dtiucfa tu cuige sin.
Ca hainn^ ata air ?
vita Prian, gabad,
/ am sorry ihaf we must
part so soon.
I hope to see you again ifi
a J em days.
Landlord^ can we have
good beds here to-
night?
Toil shall hd^oe them well
aired and comfortable.
Let dinner be ready at
jive o'clock.
How have you spent the
' evening.
I was at the house of a
friend. ^
It is time to go to bed.
Jwi^h you a good night's
rest,
flostler^ is my hofst^
ready ?
He is^; Sir^ but he has
got a loose shoe.
It is too early to find n
smith at xvork.
You will fnd a smithes
^iiop on the roady and
I think your horse
will not drop his shoe
until you come t9 it. ,
JFhQt is his. name ?
lie is called Bryan^ tJw
Blacksmith.
Tik
Digitized by VjOOQIC
4(5 niAJjODVMS.
The following original and genuine coivcersa-
tion tJnh^its the nntive smplicity of rustic che-
racter and manners^ and jHrrmhes a variety of
idiomatical terms and phrases.
yill. Brian GaBa.
Ca mbian Brian gaba na comnaig?
Ta se a bfogus do riiHe uait, Tiontog air -laiA
cli, ag an tig ufl is foigse duit: agus tfe sios a
botairin beag.
Hinnsead datbsa gur ag coiiirac na mbotar a bi a
teac.
Is ann ata an cearta ; ac bi mise ag an 6earta
andfs, agus nil se ann.^ Df iafraig me ag tig na
croise, oir eaoil me go mbfeidir kis a • Beit fagail a >
ijiurna air maidin, agus ni raiB se an siu a niu; a^
ta fios agam go laiB se naati go Icor ar^ir ^nn,
Agus ca Bfuil a teac^felp, atkirtu?
Nil teac no fearainn aige jacda 'dtigaBaHi61iaBna
|i Bias se na comnaig. llaca tu sios an Bo'tairiu
teag ltd, mar duBairt'me leata Toime, go dtig tu
cum an at ; dearc annsin air do \zv6i deis, agu$
geaba tu cas^n, le taol> clad sean aBaill, lau<irea->^
sog ^gus fiagaiHe.
'Mar racas/ta siar, agcois na hiiinne, -faoidsgat
-pa gcrann, cifetu rcHhad, sean tigin6r, fada, faoi
ilroic dion; agus eignean glas, fi fas go barr da
binn.
Is doTg liom go Bfuige tu Brian gab na leaba, air
tnaidin.
Nil fios agam go de is fearr dadisa a deanam,'
Togar dam go bfuil do capul bacac,
Da bfuigiuA kit a gcuinnn a gteac h; agus
^jboacal a racfad a gcuinne an gabau,
VIIL
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I>{^LOiGT/£$. 47
VIII. Bryan the Blacksmith.
TVhcrc does Bryan the blacksmith live?
It is nearly a mile off. Turn to the left baud^
at the next house, and go down the little lam.
I was told that his house was at the cross roads.
His shop is there; but I was in his shop just
noWj and he is not in it. I enquired at the cross
house^ for I thought that he might be there getting
his drop in the morning, and he had not been there
to day ; but I know that he was late enough there
last night.
And where is his own house, say you ?
He has neither house, nor land, but lives in the
house of his mother-in-law. You will go down that
little lane, as I told you before, till you come to the
ford; look then on your right hand, and you will
find a path along-side the hedge of an old orchard
fulloforiars arid weeds.
As you go over, by the river's side, under the
shade of the trees, you will see before you a great
long old house with bad thatch, aiid green ivy
growing to the tops of the two gables.
I imagine you will find Bryan in bfd this mornings
I know not what I had best do.
Your horse seems to be lame.
Could 1 'find some place to put him into, and
a boy to go for the smi/h.
Geaba
Digitized by G00gle\
48 PIALOCIXB5.
* Gheaba tu 5tabla, aige na ccitre bcalaig*
Acd is fearr dam ftin a dol leat ; oir is doilig an
fear sin a dusga'd^ no a cur sL gcionn oibre air
maidin.
Ma tig tu Horn, beid nie buideac duit.
Berd me leat gan rnoill.
Deanam, anois^
An bfuil bean ag an gaba sin?
An h Brian ? (io deiriiin ata bean, agus triur
garlac aige, fan teallac, ag an barntreabuig boct
sin sios. Rit se air siubal le girseac beag, nac
xaib OS cipnn ciiig mbliadain dfeag, ingean na mna
sin.
An bfuil si bfad na bairitrea baig ?
Ta se naoi mbliadna o deag a fear.
Agiis ba duine daonda, deigbeasaic esean ; m6r
measamuil amuig, s' ambciile. .
An raib moran fear^inn, no maoin aige ?
Bhi fearann saor, agus saidbreas go leor aige. Is
coimin liomsa tigeama na haitese mile ponta dfa-
gail air iasact uad. Dar ndoig go dtug se ciiig
c^d ponta, do crod, leis an ingin ba sine.
An bfuil tu dearbta go dtug se an uirid sin ?
Dearbta ? Ta me lin dearbta go bfuair a Boul-
terac ch\g chnd uad, ma bi se na muiniu;
Cia he an Boulterac ? .^
Caiptin Boulter. Nac gcuala tu umrad air an
duine uasaj, a d'fogair comrac air a Chromsui-
leac ?
Ni cuimneac liom go gruala me ariaru iomrad
air ceafitar aca.
Is doig liom go gcuala tu fail loing da ngoirtt
an Boulier, a caillead fa cuantaiK cuau na mara, ag
react o port na ngall.
Ca raib a triall?
Trial 1 go Doire.
Nac facia sin o soin ?
/ think
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DIALOGUES. \ ^9
You will find fl stable at the four roads.
But I had better* go with you^ for it is hatd to
awaken that JelloWf or set him to w^rk in the
morning.
If you come with me I shall be obliged to you.
I will be with you immediately.
Let us go now.
Has this smith a wife f
Is it Bryan f Indeed he has a wife and three
children about the hearth^ with that poor widow
below there. He ran away with a little girl not
more thanjifteen years otd^ the daughter of that
woman.
Has she been long a wid(X(p ?
It is nim years since her husband died.
And he was a humane, moral man, much respected
abroad and at home.
Had he much land or substance ?
He had cheap land and wealth enough. I remem-
ber the landlord of this country to borrow a thou-
sand pounds from him. I am convinced that he
gave Jive hundred pounds as a portion with his eldest
daughter.
Ate you sure that he gave so much f
Sure ? I am full sure that Boulter got Jive hun^*
dredfrom him, if not more.
JVho is BouUer ?
Captain Boulter. Did you never hear of the
gentleman that challenged Cromwell to fight a
duel?
I do not recollect that\ I ever heard of either of
them.
I suppose you have heard of the ship called the
Boulter, that was lost on the coast of C^nnemara,
coming from Portugal.
For what place was she bound?
For Derry.
Is not that long since ?
2 £ Saoilim
Digitized by VjOOQIC
ffS, fllAIiQQUES.
SaoiliDi ge Mitt ae in biuuim d^, ^ tea^ na
feil Micade,
la cuma^ liom hj go dc&rtita, b ceart malt
agam air, oir do biearradagam fein ionnta.
fihi, a deir tu? Dar *m' f l^iime nmsead ba le
Caiptin Boulter an sguib wn*
Is iongad Horn sin ; oir connairc mise an caiptin,
agus togar daih gur Prestoo a lii air.
Ta tu ceart go Icor; oir dob h Pre$toa ait caip-
tti^ lorogftiolacl: ; acd ba le Boulter Mi satt> diOs;
oir bi se f^n sua h India aoir, an oair a hri-
sead i. ,
Acd go de seol an caiptin a bealacsa, ag koraid
mna? ^
Ni ann so a ias se ufrr'ti, ao^ a m Baiferat-cliat,
ait a^iaib si air agoil. fia cailin goaaaaiail i, agus
tug Boulter taitneam di.
Anndiaig brisead na luinge ^ se i; a nead ?
)%t dtknoibll tri raite i)a diaig; fa lugspaa mo
doig.; ni raiti se bf«d aooi £ifinti| deis a tea^t an
India, anuair pi>3ad i^
Car aioinnead atair a jfina?
Do clainn Charta. Seamus ni6r Mhac Cai'ta^
duine breag, maiseae, urntnta go deniiin. Thainic
se ann mb cuiifuie, com luat is ^onnairc ma do
toirt, agus do gnuis, ag tcact cum, an doruiaair
maidin ; oir nil tu neamcosriiuil Icia.
Bhi doig ihait air, a deir tu ?
Is air a bi sUg mait airgiod a deanam. Ba leia
an muileann ud, a connairc tu, a gcois a loca, ag
teact diiit Bhi deacuib na jmraiste aige;
agus ba glacadoir ciosa h don tigeama bi aguinil
anallod.
An raib cios air bit air fbin ?
Bhi se faoid cail ciosa, fa talaih na croi^e, I^Ia
ta bi cios bonntaiste ag^ teact asteac cuige.
Bhi da cead nacra annso aig atair na baintrea-
buig, air leat cr6in an acair; is leag« air feadfaisad
feur uaitne.
/ think
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DIALOOVES. SI
I think it is thkrteen if ears di next Mkhmlnias. ^
I remember it indeed, and a gjood tight Z hase^
for I had goods myself in her.
You hady fou set^t Upon my truth then Boulter
was the captain of that ship,
I think that sir^ng4i^f6r Isms tbeicc^ain^ and
I think his name was Preston^ - .
Vou are right enough; for Preston was the
bailing captain^ but the ship belonged to Boulter;
for he himself was in the East Indies when site Was
terecked.
But what • sent the captcdn this ^my^ seeking a
xcift?
It was not here that he met her, but in Dublin^
where she was at school. She was u handsome girly
and Boulter fell in iwe with her.
After the shipnjnreck he nmnriedJier^ wm it not?
About -three ^uurters e^ttr H; about Lammas I
think ; he xMs^ net long in Ireland, qftfin aiming
from India, when he was married.
Of what family tM^ His wife's father ?
'Of the M'C^rthys. Big James M'Cartby, a
bravCy clever, genteel man indeed. He came into
my memory as soon as I sam your stature and your
features: coming to the doKkr this morning ; for you
are not unlike him.
He was prosperous, you Bay ?
He was in a good way of making money, ffe had
that mUi which, you sm^ beside the lake, as you
came. He had the tithes of the parish, and hei^ds
receimr of rent to onr late landlord *
Had he any rent to pay himself?
He had to pay some rent for the lands of the
Cross. But he had profit rent coming to Mm:
The widow's father had two hundred acres in this
piact, at half-<i-crown an acre, and a Im^eqf it
' while green grass grows.
2e2 An
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52 PIALOGUEi.
An raib sin k adlb aige.Mac Carta ?
Fuair 8e sin uile do cro'd, le na ihnaoi ; agus 6i
aca godti anuraig, gur b*dgin a dtol.
Nac raib seilb aige fern, leit muig de sin ?
Dar luloig go raib Baile an loca uiit aige, 2^s
ag a ainnserkb loime; acd go bfuil se faoi xnorgaig
inois, le seact mblia'dna*
Raib clann mac aca ?
Ta dis mac bco. An fear is sine bi sc a bfad a
Bpairift, ag fttuidear liaigis; d*'fag se sin, deic
mbliadna o soin, agus cuaid se go h India; agus
cluinim nac btiiil aon bliadain o soin, riacar iolatar
se mile ponta. Ta ddii na mbaile leis, air a blia*
dainse, go ndiola se na fia^a.
Ca bftiil aa mac ^ile ?
'S6 sin S^aofius og. Nil oganac, sa rann £orpa,
is flatamla cmide, na an fear $in, da mbiad acfuinn
aige. Fuair se 4it ftr-ionad, ^n arm, anuraid.
Kii s^ fad, o bi an caipiin is e f^in ami sa
Bhfuil doig ihait air an iaiptain anois?
Deir siail go bfuil se Ihn saidbreas; dainde6in
ga6 caile tainic air.
Ca mbionn se na comnui| ?
A mbaile-at*cliat ; hSem agus a bean, ifigean p^
baintreabuig se,
Acjtig si air cuairt cum na matara?
Thig si anoisy air uatrib; bi si bfad nac labrad si
le na matair, cionn dtug si ait, no oigeact do
Bhrian, no da l^n,
A bfuatr Brian gaba moran spr^ le na liinaoi?
Esean crod ! BTearr leo a crocad san am sin. Ni
raib moran le fagail, le na linn, air doig air hit.
Go dc d'imtig aira maoin?
Fliar na dligteamnaig an quid is mo de. Is iomda
jcaill, agus buaidread, a tainic orrta anois, le deic
mbliadn^ib, o tainic Crom^uil a beit na tiamii
air an dutaig so.
m4
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DIALOGUES. 5?»
Had McCarthy that in possession ?
Hi got it ail as a porthn with his wife, and they
held ity until last ytar, when it was forced to be
sold.
Had he no property of his own besides ?
Indeed he and his forefathers had all Balinlough,
but it has been mortgaged now seven years.
Had they any sons ?
They have two soni living. The eldest was a long
time in Paris^ studying medicine; he left that ten
^ years sincCy and went to India ; and I hean that
thens is not a year since, in which he does not sOte a
thousand pounds. They expect him home this y ear ^
to pay off the debts.
IV here is the other son ?
That is young James, There is^ not a youth iii
Europe of a nobler spirit than that lad, if he had
the means.^ He got a lieuienanfs place in the army
last year. It is not long since the captain and he
were here.
Is the captain in good circumstances now ?
They say he is very rich, notwithitanding' all
his losses.
. Where does he live ?
In Dublin, he and his wife, the daughter of
this widow.
Does she visit her mother ?
She comes n&w sometimes : for a long time she
would not speak to her mother, because she gave
place or shelter to Bryan or his wife.
Did Bryan get much fortune with his wife ?
He fortune! They would rather hang him then.
There was not much to be got in his time at any
' rate.
What became of tjte property ?
The lawyers got the most of it. Many a loss and
trouble has come upon them now, these ten years,
since Cromwell came to be landlord of this estate.
•" . Go
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54 BIALOGCrBS^
Go de 'taini£ air an tiarna, lii amt roilte?
Nr I'ftib clann aige ; ts bi se dosgadkc^ is dcot 5ft «n
dutaki le Cromsuil. Choanl aait eifa go Longdibi^
agus cluinlm gur eag se o soin.
Go de fat dligfe bi ag M*Carta ?
Cromsult a cuaid cutn dli^ea'd Iris, ag kmaid
leagsa na haitcse a brtsead, aguS a Ik^ail da ftkii -
Go de an ceart a bi ag CrOmsail te tetsbeaimd?
Ceart ! nmfik raib ceart, bi mesirt airgit aige.
Agus dar ndolg ba ieor sindo Mhac Carta, da m]mA
de coih ci-i^nna. is coir do beit: tie da mbiadan^
lag air an tairgtod glacad, a df aiatt Cronniuil ait
.^tuft air*
Kaib se ag iarraig a ceannac o Mhac Carta?
DTur^il se da mile pbntaair; acd ni raib Mac
Carta stbta sgarmuint leis,
Naf beag kis aJi da ttiile?
' Ba tieag Icis, gati arin^as; oir dp bi abfogtts 40
ttf c6ad sa nibWadain teact »<tcac saor as. Ni
raib ait faoi an grein, no cfs a ceann, mo doi^, a
santalg Cromsuil nios mo, na talaA na croise beit
unna s^ilb f^in. Nid nac iongnad bu ifa6r a ract
leis, foidin aoibin, mar ta se, belt a lar a duitce)
agiis gan cuid aige f^in de.
Nil fearann sa gcoigead is torrtamlac, agus is
taitneamuige, na talarii nacroise; ait a feftiil gac
uile cGthgar, mom, is moin&«r, roga ailmok)^ is
teine, is uisge. Feuesa na cfainn alainn, ta f^ fk
tia cladacsa ; doir, is oinnse, is ailm; ilir, is gimdadi
is caortain ; fltnmn^ coll, is saileac ; agus cttiieann
glas go fbrrlionta^
Ta clocaoil, agus dinn clo^a go Icof^ fatri talaiih
ann; agus leaca, mora, leatan, leabar, ceatamac,
ceart-cnmpa, ariiail ieac feattain, fa bruae na haim-
ne, so sios air fad.
mat
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I>IAX«IGUKS. 55
What hecmm ef the former lemMord f
He hetd mo childr-en ; he Ufos ejftrava^unt^ and
sold the estate ta Ormrvwdl. Then he went to Lon-
don, cmd I hear thai be died mnce.
JVhat lawsuit had McCarthy ?
Cromwell went to Icm with him^ endsavouring to
break the lease of this place and to get it to him*
self. \ '
fVhaf right had Cromwell to ^cw ?
Right ! If he had not right he had might of
tnoney. And surely that was enough for McCar-
thy , if he had been as wise as he ought to be^ or
if he had taken the money that Cromxvell offered
him at first.
Did he want to buy it from McCarthy ?
He offered him two thousand pounds far it ; but
McCarthy zoas not pnlling to part with it.
Did he think the two thousand pounds too little ?
He did certainly ; for he kad near three hundred
a year of clear income from it. There was noplace
under the sun^ nor above ity I suppose, that Crom^
well coveted aiore, than to have the lands of the
Cross in his own possession. No wonder th£ith$'
thought it a vexationy that a charming spot as it
is, should be in the middle of his estate, without his
httving any claim to it.
There are na lands in the praoinee. more fertile
cmd charming than the lands of the Cross; where
there are all convenieneeSi bog and meadow, choice
timber, fire and water. See the beaut ful trees,
that are groiwing about these Jiedges; oak, ash and
ebn; yew, fir^ and quick-beam; alder, hdis&l and
sallow ; and green holly in abundance.
There are linw-stone and elates enough under
ground here; and great, broad^ smooth flags, 9faar4
<md well formed like tomb-stones, in the bank of the
river alm§ here below.
Air
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36 DIALt^UES*
Atr son fior utsge, dar ndoig, nac Bfutl nios fearr
ann Eirin, no adtobar ui Dhalaig, ann so slos.
A mbionn marla le fagail, sua leantaib so?
A^d go ieor de ann, aod i|ior togad moran ariam
de.
Is beag fi^im leasaig air an fearannsa. Da bfaic-
feasa barr na macaireadsa, le linn Mhic Carta;
air feabus coirce geal, is cruitneact glegeal; orna
buid^ is siogal siolniar ; agus lion glas, caol/ fada
ias.
Cia h^ ta na comnutd sa tig beag doigeamuil ud;
a bfuil c^arda air c^la, agus macaiie deas^ r^id os a
cuione ?
Nil aon duine anois ann, acd sean duine a bios
tabairt do. An fear, a bi ann, dimtigsc, leis an
clos. Fait na neoinin angoirtear don luag ud, Dar
m'Tirinne, a deag duine, connairc mke seomac
c^pall a fas san ^it sin, seact mbliadaa o soin, a
risi^ad go' beannaib bo.
Cio de an clos a bi air?
y^\\i fitce ponta sa bliadain ain Agus an dume
dona dTag ^, deanam se leit aciosa gac uile Bliad*
ain, do torad an abal guirt.
Agus go de mur tuit se ar deiread, nac dtiucfad
leis c)os a diol?
Thiucfad leis a diol, mait go Ieor. Acd euir -
Cromsuil tiopad air na tionantaig, gan clos a diol
leis an baintreabulg, go dti no ndeanfaid reidteac
san dlige. Bhi an fear sin, agus ci!ligcar eile, seact
nibliadna, gan aon pigin ciosa did ; gur riteadar
air siubal, fa dearad, agus corrd is seact c^ad pon-
ta do cill cios orrta.
Ba m6r an caill a tainic uirfte.
Nac deacaid an dlige anadaig Chromsuil fa
deiread?
Chuaid seanagaid, da bliadain o soin. Acd
diol an balntreabuig an fearann ; agus raca siad go
Baile na loca, air an bliadain so cugainn.
Nac dtiucfad Ico an aitse cuingbeal?
As
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As for spring. mater ^ I am positive there is none
better in Ireland than in O'Dafy's well, demon hers.
Is there any n^ri got in these meadoxvs ? »
There is plenty of it in tbem; but there never
was much j^ it raised.
These lands require little manure. If you had
seen the crjops of these fields in McCarthy's time ;
jthe be^t white oatSy .and fair wheats yellow barley ,
and fruitful rye, jond green fiar, growing tall and
slender.
Who lives An that neat little ihpuse, that has the
garden behind it, anda^ne plain ^bfore it ?
There is no person in it now, but Mn old man ^ who
4akes cave Mf it. The nuifnjwbo lived ifi it went off
.with the rent. That^fetd is xaUv(ithe daisy lawn.
Upon ,my word, .Sir, I mm qlaver growing there
e'esaen years MgOy that reached to the cows' horns.
What wasthe rjmt/ofit ? , . ,. ^
Twenty pounds a year ; and the unfortunate man
that deft At .made .half his rent .every year of the
fruit cf his orchard.
»How didthefail sojnuchyjhat he could not pay
the vent?
He could fay. it .well enough^ but Cro^nwelltaid
.an irijunction.anjihe .tenants to pay no rent to the
.widkv until the law-suit ^mos decided. 2his man^
and fine othevsy were, seven years, wifhojut paying a
penny of rent; untiithey ran off at last,, under at
least, seven hundred pounds jf a^Tears.
That jwas a ^reat loss tq, her.
Did the laursuit go agq^t Cromwell at last?
. Jt did^ two yeans aga : but the widow sold the
land, and they will go to BalinJough ncj^t year.
'Cquld they not Imld this place ?
2p D'feudaia
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58 1)TAL0GUES.
lyTeudaia siad cuicl de cuingBcal, gan arfiras;
acdniar maFt leo beit faoi cuihacta naihaid.
An h Cronisuil aceannaig an fearann?
Niar b' h. Acd 'sh barariiuil gac dtiine, gur do
a ceannacad h ; agus ta mis6 dearbtk go nibfa<i ser
aige, andiaig gac cuingslco bi eattorra.
Agus "dibir se Brian gaba boct, atnac as a tir; '&
gur raib se da bliadain air bord luinge, sa gcaWac
an rtg^ agus bliadain eile, nabraigde, sa Frainc.
Go de bi anagaid Bhrian aige ?
Feadmanai Chromsuil, a tug mi-mod do maig-
i^treas Ni Carta^ aon la amain nac i*aib Bhrian H
baile; agus dubairt Brian, dambiadse ftinalatair,
go mbuailead se an feadntanac.
Casas Cromsuil, 's a giolla, air Bhrian, na dia^
sin, air an botar,* ann so tall; agus lug siad araon
acmusan ro geur do, fa na bagairt Bhi Brian in-
diaig bolgain 61 ; agus gradas a dom, trom, cruaid,
mar ord urlaig, agus buaileas an feadmanac a mbuh
na cluaise, gur leag se, na cosar cro, os coxhair a
Aaigistin
. lonnsaigeas an niaigistir Brian ann sin, le eac- ^
laisg; agus bi ga lasgad go teann, Ho go dtug
Brian aon leim, lugbar, fair an Chroiusuil, gur tar-
raing se annas on gearran b; agus sniomas an lasg
asalaiih; agus a leitid da rusga'd, is da leadrad,.
tug Brian do air an niball sin, nac bfuair se riaih a
roime. No go gcuala* an dtomian, a dtaob tall
^loncnuicj 's go dtainic buidean m6r, do gioUan-
Tuib, agus luct oibre Chrorasuil fan gcomair.
Anuair a connairc Brian an neart biodbuig da
ionnsaig, lingeas tar diog, on mbotar amac, agus
ftginnios mar seidcad gaoite, tfc ooilltib, is cur-
raigib, 's gac airiireidtig ;. 's a toir na diaig, tnar
conairt an diaig geirfiaid. Acd ce be ^it air bfuair
se didion, no fosgad deariiiain, sgolb de sgeul a,
bfukir siad, o sin amac. .
Gidcad fuair maigbtreas Ni Carta faisneis ca
raib se; agus cuir $i duine airigte fa na d^in, le tri
They
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DIALOGUES. 59
They could hold part ofit^ no doubt ; but they
would not wish to be under the poxver of an enemy.
JVa^ it Cromwell that bought the land?
It was not. But every one thinks that it was
bought for him : and I am sure that he will hate
it, after all the quarrels that were between them.
And he banished poor Bryan out of the country;
so that he was two years on board the King^sjleet ;
and another year a prisoner in France.
What ailed him at Bryan ?
A footman ofCrvmweirs insulted Mi^s. AVCar^
thy, one day that Bryan was not at home; and
Bryan said, if he were presenti that he would strike
the footman.
Cromwell and his ^ervMiU met Bryan, on the road
beyond here, afterwards; and they both ranked
him sharply for his threat. Bryan had taken a
tup; and he clenches hisfisjt, heavy and hard as a
battering hammer, and strikes the waitinjg man be-
hind the ear, till he stretched him, zvith his feet up,
before his master.
Then the master attacks Bryan, mth the horse-
whip, and was cutting him up smartly, until Bryan
gave one quick leap at Cromwell^ and pulled him i
down off his horse; he twists the whip out of his
hand, and such a beating and fogging, as Bryan
gave him there, he never got before^ So that the
noise was heard on the farther side of the hill; and
a great number of servants and labourers of Crom-
well came to his relief
When Bryan smv the force of the enemy approach-
ing him, he leaped oxer t he ditch ^ out of the road, and
darts off, like a blast of wind, through woods and
bogs, and every difficult place ; and the pursuers after
him, like hounds after a hare. But wheresoever he
got protection or shelter, not a syllable of infor-
mation they received, from that for th^
Hawa)cr Mrs. McCarthy learned where he was ;
find she sent a certain person to him, with three
2 F 2 nginige;
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6(f JJflAli66tJES.
iigiriigd; agus litiiV ag krra'i{} atf dol go Ltrfin*
neac, fa dfein a mic, agus a 6otftairle a gla^ad
Do isi mai^istir Seafnus ita Tear bratac, san am
sin; ^cd nior itiait Wis Brian a cur sin arm; oir
ni rdib dii'it go mbiad CroinSiril beo. Agus coaiif
Seatrius ftiri le Briati, a' gcois htoll, go Coffeai|,
gur fi^g se air bofd Idtn^c fe.
Agus, gb dfeichtn, ni dearna Brian bocd dear-
mud d' csean, na diaig Sill. Oir So bi ag air Fairgc
air, a nuair a gab na Francaig an lohg, corrad
agiis e^ad pfonta a' raib ceart aige fagail, idir
airgibd biiada, agu3 tuafdsidal Afiuaif a bi s^
sa bFrainc, figriob se litir fa dfeirt caiptin Boul-
ter, agus cuai'd se go Longdiin, agus fuaif se trt
fitcead pdrlta dd. Dotdaig Brian fitce ponta a
"tabaii-t do fear brataig, agus fitce ponta da bain-
cliainuin, aguS ari treas fitcfead da tiinaoi ftin.
Anois, a duine uasail^ dairis me duit cail do
imteacta Brian, agUs a riiuintir. Acd cluinim
fukini tia nord; ihar siii ta Bridh, tio cUid da
gaibinib oga, san gcearda anois. Agus muna
bfiiil se anh, Itca mie na ciiinnie; oir ni deanam
aon do na JbilacailliB gtidlai| duitse^ colli miit
leis fein.
IX. Teac oideacta tuaidte.
Ca iheud mile uaim an baile is neksa daifa^
Ti d'eit itilte, niaite, go hairigte; agus nil an
bo'tar rb^lriait inn ^iteacuib.
Is ganh darii beit ann a noct. Nac aoh ionad
bid'eicta, eidruini agus ^?
Ta brug oMieacta ro gfreasta, a dttnidoU ctiig
i&He.rotfiid, ionn a bfuigir gac coriigair go s^-
la; agus beid tu •ag'contabairt cuideacta 'fogail
ann, ilVal- ih 6 so an beakc go Jiaonac Bhaile
rta slo^a.
guineas;
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DIALOOUES. 61
guineas i and a letter desiring him to go to Lime-
rick, to her son. Master James was an ensign
at that time, but he did not wish to put Bryan
into the army ; for there was no hope that Crom^
well would live, ^nd James himself went with
Bryan, privately, to Cork, until he left him on
board a ship.
Andy indeed, poor Bryan did not forget him
afterzvards. For he had the fortune on sea, when
the French took the ship, to get at least one
hundred pounds, between prize money and wages.
JVhen ht was in France^ he wrote to Captain
Boulter, and he went to London, and received
sixty pounds for him. Bryan ordered twenty
pounds to be given to the ensign, twenty to his
mot her ^n- law, and the remaining twenty to his
own wife.
N&w, Sir, I have told you some of the adven-
tures of Bryan and his people. But I hear the
sound of the hammers; so that Bryan, or some
of his young lads, are in the shop now. If he is
not there himself, I will go for him; for none
of his men will do your business so well as him^
self.
IX. The Country Inn.
How many miles am I from the nest town ?
At least ten long miles; and the road is not very
good in some places.
I can hardly reach it to night. Is there noplace
of entertainment between this and it?
There is a very decent inn^ about five miles for-
wc^d, where you can he well accommodated; and
you mil be apt to find company there, as this is
the way to the fair if Malinashe.
fJheaBa
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62 DIALOGUES.
Gheaba tu proinn mait, agus leaba saim ann;
agns aire mait dod capalL
Is leor sinn. Ni ]*acaiB nlos faide,
Ca Bfuil tear an tig?
Tuini ann so, a duine uasail.
Go de ta agad a Ogasdoirr
llo^a gaca bide, is toga gaca djge. , Ta mairt
feoil riiait, is caoir Teoil uir; ta feoil laoid biadta,
uain feoil ro mait, is feoil meit mionnan.
Go de an seoirt dige ta agad ?
Ta leann donn, laidir, blasta, briogmur; uisge
bea'ta is fearr c^l; biot^ilte bioraca o t}r fa tuinn ;
agns flonta na Fraince, is phort na ngall.
Car leis na heacraig sin, tainic air ball?
Le dis fear on dtaoti tuait Agus ta na firse
cum prainn annso.
Is mait Horn cuideacta.
Ala ta, ni leatsa a suidfeas siad, a saoi; do
b\\ gur daoine tuata iad.
Is cuma sin. Is cosmuil le duine fiudac iad ;
suideam, agus iteam air aon mbord.
fuilte (lib, a daoine u^isle, Suigeam sips air
an mbord/
Ta tart agus ocras orm. Tabair ni dam le
na ite.
Cto de is mian leat 61?
Tabtiir deoc dam. Deoc leanna.
Fa tuairim do sliiinte. Go raib maft agad.
Bigid go subac. Go ndeana se mdt mait
diiit.
iy\t me go leor. Ta me sasta.
Feidir nac dtaitnigean se leat.
Taitnigean se liom go mait.
Ni tig liom nios mo 61. Choisg me mo
tart.
Cia an ard do cuigead Ulad a mibionn sib?
Adtaoib soir; lairh re traig diXn droma.
Tuigim go bfiiil sib triall go hard siar. BYearr
liom go bmnad sib anpct; agus Uioimse lib, air
an aonac.
You
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DIALOGUES. 6S
You will get a good dinner and bed, and your
horse xcill be well treated.
That is enough. I will go no farther.
JVhere is the master of the house ?
I am here. Sir.
fFhat have yoti for me^ landlord?
Choice of meat and drink. I have fat beef and
fresh mutton^ fed veal, very good lamb, and fat
kid.
What kind of drink have you?
I have strong, and melt favoured brown beer ;
whiskey of the best quality ; spirits from Holland;
and wine from France and Portugal.
Whose horses are those, that came just now?
They belong to two men from the north, and these
men are to dine here.
I am fond of company.
But they will not sit with you, Sir, for they are
plain country men.
No matter. They appear to be decent men; lei
us sit, and eat at one table.
Vote are welcome, gentlemen. Let us sit down
to the table. - . •
lam thirsty and hungry. Give me something
to'eat.
What do you chuse to drink ?
Give me a drink. A drink of ale. ■ . J» .'
To your health. I thank you.. .
Sit ye merry. Much good fhayil do yon.
I have eaten enough. I aim satisfied. . /
Perhaps you do not like it.
I like it very xvelL
I can drink no more, I have f/ueniked wy
thirst.
In what part 0/ Ulster do ydu live ? _
In the eastern part : n^ar the shore ofDundrum.
I understand tiiat you are going westward. I
wish you would .stay to night, and. I will be with
you in the morning. You will be soon enough at
the fair.
Ma
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«-
Si BtAIjOGVlA.
Ha fiaojlear fib, blf^rr Uhq fiiirefic. Agus ba
A6t an sai±eas tusa bei't liati.
Dwiwe C/iar^t Ca hainm, no sknuacjwi iJiB, a
cairde?
Mac Gabann »iii' amm 's mo ^lo^meacUa^; agus so
jO iliiatiaxl mo ouaillig.
i). 17. An tifinl puai'deact air Viit lid fvs biir dtir,
a cairde?
Mac G. Nil a dadam air siulial, a-i uaMiUside
ga nartac o hait >go .hait
O Rtumad. -Ohiinirose go ^bfuil aaioni^^d cal
buiginib i\ra do milisitlib ga dtogbail, iSasdn; 'm
go ndeantar.a leitid ami Eirlnfaoi^fairid;
D. XT. ^B' feidir sin a beit ^
Mac G. Maisead, a dtuigean tu^.^^ineuaaal^
go de is ciall do sin uile? .no^aa eagla a namaid^ata
orrta? ,
D. U. Ni'tuigim, isni creidimgo bfuiLeaglajxo
baogal ortta. Gidead ni ftilair a beit coim^ac,
agus inn f^in a cuingb^aloa3 aoara an Basiiaid.
Acd is ag an uacttaoftetis feacratafios a gBoitce
ffein. Agus ni beite duinn a beit ro Tjafrugac da
adbaTaib ^irdrcfmeaca.
Mac G. Is f lor ^, a saoi, 's iad na gno'tai|[C cois
baile is fearr farus orruine tieit tract. air.
D. U. Feadam ifts .beit Iract .air seanacais • na
tire, gan diombail.
An bfbii «i6saii .do .io^s^a .acan ^^aMBgn^d^ no
oibreaca cian atMig.eite,vle fiaiceal in liiur dticse?
O Ruanad. Ta fuigill sean-^caiskan, scant^iealla,
agus sean tolr cian krsaig goiJeot ann.
Mac G. D'ar ndoig go bfuil; agus gur awsiaig
an. obair na rata, 's riaihwaiAneaiQa, .'s . na leaca li-
t€at'da a faaras ionnta.
OR. B' fei'dir gur sinne ha oloc-oir, ?s na car-
^nain^ ^s na cromleaca, na iad sin J^in.
MacG.
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If you, iMnki ^ we TSU^M^mmh to i^lJand
MS.
. G. IVhai are yauf msme^ or. famlk^.^'my
friend$? .:
My namtf and that oj my. family ^ i^Smftk, mi
my QomjJanionX Roouof^
G. HaveyWi any fwv^sjrom yaur aouvftryy my
friends f
S, Nothing is talked of expepty that the mi^
iitia are a cbangiMg from om piac^. to. mtotker^
ft. i hear tAai thera ^e; several new regi^
mehta ^ mUkia nam rais^, in England^ an(^
that the ^ame mil ^om be done in Irelaml.
G^ It mill probably be so.
S. Wsli, &>, 4lQ you. und&r$tmd wlmt alLibis
msamf Are the cmemiea dreaded? '
G. / neither know imr btUme that there i^
eiihfir Jear or danger. Vet it, is. proper to b$
upon the alert, and to keep ourselves out of the
poiesr of the engmy.
But ihc goverMmtnt ktwvytlfdir own aj^avrs.
best. And we should not be too inquisi^ve about
high affairs. .. - ..
S. That i» true^ &>, diom^Uia affairs are the
moAt proper subject Jor our conv^ttsation.
G. IVc may speak aim of the antiquities of
the cotminryy without qfiknce.
Are there ma»y rtmmm .iff old buildings, or
other rnicknt works, ta be^om in youi: country ?
R. Titere are numexoim remaps of old castles^
old churches y and cmcimt timers in it^ (K)
S.. Indeed there are; and the roths, the caves,
and engratvjed ston^ fomd in it, are ancient
fMrkls also. {2.)* } .
R. Pevl^ipM the upright stones, cams, and
cromkacs are older thau ei^n. these. (3. )
. .; ! ■» :./.& G . Mac G.
\ :
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6t BIALOG0ES«
MacG. Is doili^ ra^da ciaca is sine.
D. I/. Ca, bfuaras na leaca litearda, a deir tu?
Mac G, Aitreasa ^ne duit, a duine uasaiL Fa
sbHe d' on ait, a mbton sinne nar gc(Hiinai*d«
fuaras uaim, atr leatinalaig cnuic, le fear a bi
a(g tocailt fa cloic, a dtimiioll deic inbliadna o
soin. Ni rail> sniuainead, no fios aige neac beo go
raib a leitid ann^ no go dtarla a fagail mar sin; na
huaii&Tada, daol, gan cnadia, gan taise, no lorg
ni air bit ann ; aid ballaig folaiha, air na bfollai do
leaca mora. Bhi seomra beag, Ueas, cruinn cum*
pa, indeilb iisean beac, air leat taob na huaibca sin;
agus doras beag, cumang a dol innte, falaiii f&s,
mar an gcuid eile. Acd c^anna fuaras aon leac,
leabar, leatan, a mullac na haitese; agus, air an
taob ioctarac d* on leic sin bi tri line grab'talta, do
flan litreacaib ceart cumpa; nac ftuoas aoinneac
triadi o leit, a bfeadfad an sgnbii^ sin a leagad, no
a mlneadadh.
O R. Nil aon Tocal breige gnn. Qkt connairc
me f^in anuaini^ 's an leac, 's an sgrlbin, an uair
a fiiaras h.
D. U. Nil aihras air bit agam ann« Oir con-*
natrc mise f6s tuaraisg na huaifaia sin, a deir to :
agus mac sitmuil na litreac ceadna clp buailt^,
jgclair uma, ann nuaH stair iondae an D^n^
Mac G. Thainic duine uasal foglumta ann
sin, o Ata na bilidf, a ioifaartaig sios air cairt h.
D. U: Nac bfuatas ^romieac, faoid cam^ laidi
leis ait sin?
Mac Gm Fuaras, go deiibin, fa da mile do sin,
(a dtimcioU seait mbiiathia roiibe sin), leac aid«
meil mor, leatan^ oomtrom, leabair, coih m)n le
cloicin cois traga; go gcreidim nac bfuil crom-
leac ann Eirin coih deas leis; reir mar dubairt
an duine uasal sin, a tainic 'ga feacuin.
Bhi f^ dcf leaca fada, cotroma, na seasaih cf ait .
$uas air 4 gccann tort timcioU fan cromleic ih6ir.
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8. It is i^cult to 4d^ which are ol4e^.
G. IV here were these engraved stones founds do
you say?' ^
S. Iwitl teiiffou^ Sir. Aiaut a f^ile from the
place where we livcy u mve was found, on the bro&f
of a hilly b^ a person who was digging round or
stone, about ten years ago. No person thought or
knew that suth a place zoos there^ until it happened
to be found thus ; a hng^ narrow cave, without
bone, or relic, or trace of any thing init^ but empty
walls, covered with great stones. There was a
neat, little chamber^ of a pound fornix like a £m-
hive, on one side of the cave, and a little, narrow
door, to enter by, empty also, as the rest. How-
ever, there wus found one broad, smooth f^^ on the
top of the place) fl^4 ^ the lower side of that flag
there were three ^ lines engrwved^ of clean^ well
formed letters; nor has any perstm been found
4ince, who could read or esplain the inscription.
ft. It is perfectly true. For I sazf^ the cav^,
ikefiag^ and the inscription, wh^n it zpas disco-
leered,
G. / hiwe no doubt of it, as I have also seen an
account c^* that cave which you mention, and a fac^
mmile (^ those letters print od in cppper-plate, in
the new history of the county Down.
S. A learned gentleman came from Afinahilt,
«fto took a copy of it on paper*
G; IVas there not a cromleac founds under a *
cam, near that place? {^^.)
S. . There was, indeed, about two miles from it,
(about seven years before,) an exceeding largtj
broad^ level, smooth stom, as polished as the pebbles
on the sea-coast : I am persuaded there is no other
croml^ac in Ireland so ne0t as it is; as the gentler
man asserted, who came to view it.
There was an enclosure of long equal stones^
standing strait up round the great croml^ac,
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an uair -^ ^^misn; ^faxiMI ^tilati )th'6r^ do iSiod
J). C/1 Nar togba'd na leaca fada sin ?
■^ Jitnc G. NU abin dioB nacar^tiijgati ^Smn oibte a
JJi^'ga^^anam laiifa leis:^^iin
* ' Mitc^. Do%ktea, ts miHeJsfd i^^^gus ^iar?^.
^tJ adftiWafc, ^o *<jlV]ic, a Bfiu an ^dad^, nacar
Vei^y air^iifb^l; kll ftos^^ctftldtta.
/HD; t/. Is'tengh^if Hom\gtir bHseadi&i^iafih-
*' WncGi ^ar nd<>i^ go lei^gaijj go ndaib an^t^
-dWiiif aig IXlh ^^adl'ttiev A^us &toiliniiAe/ a iiuiiie
'U)4iailj nad mbfe'd '«e sona tiaihtt^le na li^id: /^ » *
i>. U. NU^itii^ 'ga^ad vgo.»»fuil;^e*mmi0na ; tic,
•t^g*r ^tfi gut liaii^ do dm)ibifr Amisfc, 'fiag-
laiibtoa,»^gan ^ioh lid meas ^E' tifeit,^ air ^Mai|[ioll oib- .
^eac aVsaifte na^ke; ^ • . \ .
^' "Mac^G. -MaS^ad, ^^a 'dbiiie''Ua$aH,\d>YiafiaiB$&;
ein ni^diotsa, ck matbilleat kitris^^^^^c^
D. f7. Go <le b'aill leat f iafraid, a maigis-
' '^^at^G. *M6a«iri ta»a,* <io>Moilean \t«,^ go-m.bi^
se ceart no dlistionac na «ean sciteoga a ngdsmd,
^nb'a^dtOcailt as'talAtti.^ ^ .* *
•^'■'' B.'IT.- Ni fiostl^to^^di#geaa,v no rcasctvair bit,
•jhiagaid a hge^rmd, ' >fto «gri«s, ^ to do ^id >feAra«ii \
f^in, ma ta siad ^tin do bealae/no ^^drnvag^
^orrta. / '
Mac G. Is f Jor h, b, ^l^oi, aid iS'ininic^avciia- .
^'nYar gur^tuar trtbaiste bairtt le hionad feA'taig, no
didion na ndaoine beaga ftd. ,
1).'"6V*A tiiai^stir Mbic giban, ^na creidagus
rnac geill do Miidtib *dioniaoin, geasragaoa; no
sgeultaibfibuill, caiUieasWaca don tseort sin. Nac
dttig Dia an talam, agivs ^c crann, agus lai&*a
^asas, ium^feadnia dondwiwe?- Agus go d^cirige
«aoiltid go mbiad craumir bit cntsta, no tabtris- .
teac, mima-gairfead'tDia'toirmeasg air?
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tJdiim iit vms fotmd; muder.a grmt earn vf.miall
isiOMes.
G. ff^ere tkcnedong.^anes, lifted?
S. TJmy^te6reM c&rried^Kmy ti^mbuUMngrnemf
jtAe place. >
*G. Smefy'iheiM^ewm noifbro/tcM.
S^ Itymmbp^ksnandydGStPosfed.; mtithsr rflag nor
slam ^xms Jeflj of^anjp value, » that \was not jcarrJed
mmg^mtke^ame manner.
G. I am surprmediihattbeioOfoewasibtoken.
& ili^hytevenfthe ^round tower at JDownpatrick
was thirmm domt; amtJthinkfJSir,iihcttiit. isffwt
\lmby:totmicksuck4hmgs..(^&).
G. / do not say th^t it is unbteky; but I think
*ita4lisjgfYEbe*t9 Hterary gentlemen, to pay no respect
<^r utitatum\tO)tke remains j^ tkeKjandeiit morks ^df
their country.
&.WeU,SiryIiWoutd^kAyouon€ qut^ti^k^ if
-youxdiltplemeitoiafmtferrfne.
tQiirJip/^moMldyoti)wish tAiosky^MrASmyth? :
^ $.iJDoyouti6ihkyAorfsuppo&j\tkai,nMi9mghtier
iiaw^itottutar root Mut 'oM'th0rm . • i \
iG. iliknom^miiOWj mor^tdtute^ -MgOtnst eutiing
m^jdestrvying tii^^aui ofi^our awn JandfiOr. ify^M
iM'mco€oasiM'Jbr:tkem. >
• Si 'SJhatistruej'Sir^ iut \W€. have fri^entiy
'Jkeardi^Mif it.is an^omendfill lucky\t^ disturb the
ikaunt.trshelter of these: lit tie \p^ople. (7.)
G. Mri&mytb^-^onotsrjtgardtivrbeliferce these
*4illyi isa^mtitiousi swings, orJmbuimiSdMwives^
Jules of this kind. ^ Did ^ot^God give thenar th^ and
'tncmf » tree nmd plant that grows, for . the > use of
-man? And xohy\ shotddiyou think that. any tree is
^^!ofibi(Men or nmluciyj 4inless &od should prMbit
iii?, . . .. : . , -
MqcG.
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MdcG. Is fior i; agus ni geitlin aii cleir W
aguinne *da Icitid. Acd 's h an fat a bfuil mbt
tract air, go bfuil aniomad cranti sgi'teoga ^rsaigc,
tan mo cuid fearainn f^in ; agus baihait Itoiii cuid
aca buaint as mo bealac; agus^ d'aindeoin sin,
admuigim go mbionn fartcios orm bacail Ico; oir
ta f ios agam go mait gur ionad uasal ^ agus gur
in6r a bia'd na daoiiie beaga tataig ann, a nallod..
Z). U. Na siteoga ta rorfiad, m6 doig* Agus a
bfaca tu fein aon<lulne aca ariaifi ?
Mac G. Maisead ni facas. Acd tiucfad fiom
Bgeul beag, greanmar a innse duitse, a cnala me o
mo sean atair^ a crutugad le firinne go raib a leitki
ami, le na linn ftin.
D.U. Matsead, aitris duinn ^ a riiaigfstir ilhic
Gaban, is biom buideac diot, agus eistfeam leat g#
fonmar.
M^c G. Ta cnocan beag, saii learann a mbianisa
mo comnaig, da ngoirean siad cnocan na Feada-
laig. Bbi duine c6ir, craifeac na comnai^. anallod
ann, a geois amna, le taob a cnocan sin; agus'ta
lorg a tig le faiceal gus andiu. Tad^ o Hao<i ba
hainm don duine ;^ga& bean, no muirin aige, acd
a ma'tair, na scan mnaoi, ag cuingbeal tige.
Chuaid Tadg axnsc, oidce Sbaifma, deanam ur-
naig, mar gnas lets, fa bruac na haiihne, no "geots
a leasa. Ag dearcain suas do Bteatnad r^ltan, do
connairc neul dorca o ndeas, ag gluasact cuige, le
sigdead gaoi'te; agus do ciiala se torman ha neac,
mar buidin iii6ir marc sluad, teact san gleann gac
ndireac. D' airig Tadg go dtangada!r uile tairis an
gita, agus tort fa' n mbinn ga hat laiiiL
Cuiihnigeas an duine gur minic a cualaid 'ga
rad, da dtilgfead an luait biad faoi do cois, na
nadaig, san am sin, da mbiad neac air l^'t daonda
leo, gur b' eigin doib sgaiihuin leis. Togbas se-
sean i^n duirn don grinniol bi faoi na cois^ agus
tilgeas h go tinneasnac, anainm an atair, agus an
mic, agus an spioraid naoirn, anagaid an tsigdein;
S. That
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$. That is true^ and our clergy believe no such
thing. But the reason of my speaking of it ^>, that
I have several old thorns in my land^ and I would
^ wish to take some of' them out of my way; never-
theless, I confess that f am sky to^ disturb them;
for I know very well that it is a gentle place, and
that it was greatly haunted by the little people^ in
former times. (8.)
G. You mean the fairies^ I suppose. And did
you ever see any of them ?
^. Z never md. But I could tell you a plea-
sant little story, ivkich J heard from 'my grand-
father; to prove the truth of such things being in
his time.
G. IVell tell it to us^ Mr. Smyth, and we will
thank you^ and hear you xvith pleasure,
S^ There is a little hill in the farm where I live,
which is calledkKnock'nafeadalea. (9.) There was
an honest, pious man living there former ly, near
the river, %y the side of the hill; and the ves-
tige of his house may yet be seen. His name was
Thady Hughes ; he had n^^ife nor family, but his
mother, an old woman keeping his house,
Thady went out^ on Halloweve night, (10.) to
pray, as he W0s accustomed, on the bank of the
river, or at the foot of the forth. Looking up to
*-^serve the stars, (11.) he saw a dark cloud from
the south, moving towards him with a zvhirlwind;
• and he heard the sound of horses, as a great troop
of cavalry^ coming straight along the valley. (12.;
Thady observed that they all came over the ford,
dnd quickly round uhout the mount.
Ht femtmberei that he had often heard it said,
ify^ east the dmt that is under your foot against
it, at that instant, if they have any human being
mth than, that they are obliged to release him»
He lifts a handful of the grawl that was uMer
his foot, and throws it stout4y, in the mime of the
father. Son, dnd Holy Ghost, against the whirls
agu5,
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72 jri4iaoaiJS<i.
faon, lag,, air laf>, U trom qsqcu
Cii«ies Taidg le ain i a«c|,v ag gat^iul u)€ifii#ficV
isu- g^ioktki a ipparan^ aau-^CM* dk»QQ'<^ ctHiitf ti^
nacoman;. gpr lai>^r leitQ^ '$^gMl^ tog. s« suai^ }j,
^M3 tug a* ateac fe d^a a rbatara i. TugpdM
baintie cii le n' 61^ aguss oUoiM^uin eile; \ ba boag
a cealaig si.
^ ](^iar cuiF mA inoran ceiat uirr^ anoiitcie $in;
inar aitniodar gur as na bruigmiB a taiwc si ; agu^
mar nac kuI> fonn catnip utrrte, mfj^ i liafif, t.ojr-
S6dc* La ai^ oa marac^^d' fiafraigeadar sgeul at
hmiiteacta di, agjft^ d' airis $i3e siu doili^^ aj«' aet rilik
a cuingbeal air.
M%ii^ ni R«ttr< ba hainm dan ih^apt; a gcon-
clae na Gaillibe rug^d^ 's a beUead i^ Da bi aoisi
bliadain p6sta, gur rug si clann, le fear og d'a
nfok ti SdaA Seoig^ac, laiip' ki cn<»€^Maga. Ba
aa^]<ac fuair $f an taj^r cloinQ^ , si^^i gi|F et^g s^
If Mb, and^abreit; 's go dtu^ Fiw I^ur's^abujt^
<Ura0 i'^in aii; SHibal, go bruigeaja copc^Mst^ Do
fagad kuirt dgin eile m hioaad, a Bcki'lb* j:&Ba
. muirby a fair6a*4 's a jj^acad, gaiv ^i^uiMufa^ A
riuct na nina sa.
* Do bi M^m agfCfioc ^ft^a tri m^ .ag altram
leiinb^ ga cealgajd le meagair, a le i?eplt(iit> biime;
'9 daifid^oin: siii uttc, bi sise dutke g^u a^Kas. Fa'
drifead, gur airis di bunad na ^ruigim;.gp >ai]^a%
fear £^in anoia pdsda k mnapieile; agus gan m beit
dcaeam hrim no leanduti nios taick; go raib Fionn-
bar, agu6 a teagkc uile, ag trialk air ciiairt go Ulad.
Gluaislear leo, fa sgairt na \gcotIeac» o cngc
mln Maga amac^ Fkmpbbr \-A ^'4ean croda. Is
ionida siog brag, rat, agus beami,*#. ^defir«ajt gftw
citlidann^ o fairc an ke^. go liiiffti^s^ h^i<i^t^y 9m'
eacmige.ailky eitiplaige. . \\ -vi-. .,
^fiaciKxrOreioe, i» cniQc W ^IU(&) * . r
n Btnn fitiilliikincv 9gu» C^^e CoruiifiWi
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wind; and^ bekoli fortlmUhdmnfiUls a^itiomany
weak, faint and feebly on the eartliy with a kewy
grooji. / 1 : i
Thady started^ but^ taking courage^ having heard
tkextry in a human voice, he, went to her; speJee
to h€7% lifted her up, and brought her in to
his mother. They ^ gave milk to her to drink, and
other food; but she ate little.
They did n^t ask her many questiom that night;
es they kneufihat^he camef^^m the fairy -castles f^^
(13.) and she d'^ not wish to speak, being sick and.
sorroxvfuL Next day, they asked an account of her
adventures, and she related thent^ JiKst enjoining
secrecy* . ,
Her name was Mary R^urke^-r^prn and bred in
the county Gidsvay. She was ^neyear married^ -^nd
kcUl a child, to a young nian called John Joyce, near
Knock Magha. She had a difficult labour, the
child died, after it was bom; and Fin*oar and his
host carried' herself ceway to the fairy eastle of
Knock Alagha. They left some other bulk in her
place, in the form of a dead woman, which »w*
waked and buried, without okservation, in place of
the woman herself (14.)
Mary was in Knock Mag ha three quarters of a
year, nursing a child, (15.) entertained with
mirthiund sweet songs; and nothwithstanding, she
was certainly in affliction. At length the hast
of the castle told her that her husband w/ts now
fionarried to another wo}nan : and that she should
indulge no. longer in sorrow and melatwholy; that
Finvcii% and all his family^ were about to pay a
visit to the provide, of Ulster.
They set put, at cock-crowing, from smooth
Knock Magha foi^th, both Finv^r and his valiant
host. And many a fairy castle, rath, and mount
they shortly visited, from dawn of day till fall of
night, on beautiful, winged coursers.
' Around Knock Greifi, and Knock na Rae,
Bin Builvin, andKeis Corain^
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74 X>lJlL<mtJli^9i
. Qc Um £ft&l4ifine» agiis Loc dt Eitfo^
O sin soit tu^il; go sliab GiitUhti.
, Do iuartaigeadar sleibte mora Mu^oraa,
|*a aird Sliab Ddnairt, agus Bieftl at aft admi^»
Stes go D6n-dmidnc, Diw-^JroiRa, agas Di^*
ardaliat,
Na raon dire^ go cftoean na Featklai]^.
T>eh Maire tuite«tn ua^fa, nm $tuanatf leo;
diT b*eigiil d6ib proinii okKe ShaAna ^iteaoEi, i
Si<^bru|^ Sgrabai^, ag an tsk)g*flait Mac ati Ean^
tit>tn.
£* iongnaH le Ta'dg, k le na Aatair^ sgenl lui
mna; agus gab truaig iad di, agus tug cuhtaii
agim flute di, lliirca* ^a ftin.
BtM i^i ncVL ai? fostai, fead m ^htiri^, gur
taititi !ii go malt leo, ag obair 's a fognaiii Bi
^sn bean breoite matait Thaiiig, agus *ttg Mmn
tire ihsit di, le linn k tlnnis, D^ug an tsean
Bean, «n ekrrai ; aid tug si coiimirle d'a mnc,
m teabaiti an hk% Maire ni Ituairc a jidsatf;
agus do p6sad iad, indiai^ na cl^sga.
Agcionn bliadna na diaid snn, tark few sto-'
eai^, a bi laiib leo, a tteit trial) go Cu«n na mara,
t ceannai earraid; agus ^ir Maire codiar'ta leii^
agcois isioll, fa dein a cead fir; eaiioa, fkinne
{^6^a tDg se di, agus ainm a tSeoigi| isgrioBta
iiirri. Nior bfada na diaig gur eag an dara bean, o
Shean Seotgeac, agus ni dearna ae faillijg h "feea^
air cuairt, ium Maire ni Ruairc.
Trat tainic se a$tea6 go tig Thaidg ui Aoitf, fimr
se Maire na suide, feoi leanb mait mic, tri ra^e,
air a eig. Ba luat 's ba hiai|€ara£ d'aitniogadar,
agus d'addiuigeadar ar aon a iH\ei aguift d'uaetai{|
Maire, gan agat, gur b'e sin ffein a ccatffear; iB
trat cuala si gur teastai^ an bean eik> d' aofttaif ^i
dul Icis an tSeoiicai.
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T& hin Machian, Md L^ch Da em,
Ft9m tkmce north'Msi tQ Sleive GuUtH*
Th&f traversed, the lofty hilh iff MmrMd
Round high Sleive Denard, md Balachunhry^
D(m» to Dundrin, Dundrum, and DuMrdaktyf
Right forward to JKnock naFeadalea. (16L)
After they lost Mary, thqf mcer halted; for
^^ssoere tomip that HaUofweve in the fairy castJ/t
qfScrMha, mth the fairy chiefs Maoamantan. (17.)
TImdy jand kis inatker Habere astonished at the
wmoiis stoty; ihey pitied her^ and invited her
with a hearty welcome to rexfy^n with themdvest^
She spent the winter with them, as (i< hired
mhpant, a»d pleased tkeni much by her indHStry
and service. The mother of Tha^ was a sieh^
(M woman, whom Mary attendetd car^uUy during
her illness. In spring the ^td imman died; buf^
OS her death-bed, she advised her son tomarry Mary
R&mrke: a<xordingly they were married^ (fter
Easter^ ' *
In a year afterwards, a stocking merchant who
lived near them, happened to go to Conmnmra; to
purchase goods, and Mary s^nt a token by himprit
watdy to ierjirs^ husband; viz. the wedding ring
mfhich he had given hcr^ with Joyce's name engravtd
im it. It wsts not long oftfifKvards tintU John
Joyce's s^x>nd wi/e died,, and be did not delay to
pay a visit to Mary Rourke.
IVhen be eatne into Ttmdy Hughes's hous^ kc
found her sitting, withajine boy, three quarters oid^
at her breast. Soon and gladly did they know and
recognize each other, and Mary acknowledged im*
medmtely that this was her first husband; ami
hamng heard that his other wife rvas dead, she con-^
sensed to go with Joyce.
2 h2 Aft
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76 DiAirdGu^; 1
Act bi Tad^ boct go duttttc fan ftiiiar ; ' agu$
dub^^irt g<y niteferr doib ooitorrle an tsagairt Ta-
gail; aglis'^^aicl *triur a latair>^n atair Briain ui
Bhiitin, gur ihtiis a sgeul o ti^s go deireail. Ba
dtaitie c^ttg an tatair Brian, nac dtiobm breit
subui'd ; agus dubairt Icis a tSeoig:eac uac bfuigea'd
bean Tiiai'dlg, niuna gorntucaid sc a ceart, ftloi
lamaib na sagart hard siar, annsna parai»tib a-
raib siad a raon na gcrtifenaig, ^ B" eigin don
tSeoigeac dulairais,gocoiidae nagaiHibe, agc&mi^
Ktreac ; agus do cuir an tatair Brian litkr lei^
fa dein a sagart paraiste.
'S^' freagfra ciir an sagart sin cuige, .." go/hu^ se
fern air^toiTaihlVf haire ni ftaatrc^ ceadmim an'f irse;
agus gur (>6s se aris ^, le mnaoi; cile, a d'feug
o soinj agus ci be air bit- tean a bi ann sin,
^ dearlfed ^urb' isi t^in bean an tSeoigeac sini
gan a creklmeat.'* . .^ . . . . , >
; An uair a ftimr ait ■ tatair Brian an iitir .«©, tog
se cotMirle air M'hairc i *^in a socrad mar bi si: •
• Dairfide6iu ^n- 6uaid an Seoigeac fa d^in. an
tsagairt a f>os^ h fein is Maire^ san ^t a rugmSi 's
a beatugad i. Bhi sin deic n^ile fitcead on ait a
mbiad «iad na gcomnaig, Dairb se don tsagart
sin, gur imfeig Maire ni Ruairc air siubal uad, fa
da Hiadain o soin ; go raib sc 'g a tornigeact, go
bfuat amac i p6sda ag fear eUe^^.a gcondae an
D^in ; agus nac leigfead sagart* na4J»ra!ste sin d9
a fagaiV, niuna bittigead se cratuga) faoi na ]am«-
^«an, gur Ich i, Niar airis se an dadam fa bk%
MJiaire; agus ni raib fios agan tsagairt si» uime,
oir d'eug muintir Ml)airc, sul far p6&ad i^ agus
ni raib tnoran umrad uirrte^ san ait sin.
Chuir an sagart litir leis, fa diin Easbuic
-PliAin, " gur pds sesean cailin, da ngoirti Mairc
m Ruairc, a taitiic o daoinib cneasda, anna paraiste -
ffein, le buacaill macadta, da ngoirti Sian Seoi-
geac, a bi na conxnaig laixh te cnoc Maga ; agus go
pabaii* se leis gur imtig si uad^ 's gp bfuil si na
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DIALOaUtiS. 77
'p0Opihlidpykow&c^r, xms in grtat fraublt about
the busiuess; and $kid that it was best to take^tke
priest's advice : accordingly all three went to father
Br^^mt Byrne,' arid told ^hn the whole story. Jffe-
ther-Btynn i^^ a sensible man, who tcould not give
a r^h judgment y therefore he told Joyce that he
should not git Thady's wife,' unttss he proved his
right to her, mider the hand of the priest in the
tk^st] in the parish where they had lived together.
Joyce was fhu's obliged to teturn to the county
Grahtayfor this 'letter, and Father Br^an wrote
by' 'him to his parish priest,
*• The answer which the priest returhed was, ^'that
ht'rvas himself at 4he fafieral of^iary R&urke, the •
first wife of this man ; that he married him agkin
to another woman, xvho xcas since dead ; a72d what-
soever woman shci was, who said thM shi Was
Jdjfce'^s ivife, oUjght^iiot to bebs^lmed/^- < ' ■ -» '
fVhen Father Bryan received this letter, he'^ad^
vUed Mary to reriMtinds she mm: '*
Notwithstanding this, :\ Joyce went to the priest
who married hifn to Mary, in the' place where she
teas born and^red. This xvas thirty miles from -the
place where they lit ed. 'He told this priest that
Mary "Rourke had left hint about two years before ^
that he ftad sought fa^* heruntil he found her mar^
ried to another man, in the county Down; and
that 4fie priest (>f that parish would not allow Mm
to get he f*^ unless he got a testiinony^under his
hand,' that she ^as his wife. He said not a word
of Marfs death, nor did that priest know any thing
of it; for Mary^s friends were dead before she was
married, and she was not much mentioned in that
place.
This priest sent a letter by him to the Bishop of
Down, '^ that he had marrkda girl called Mary
Rifurke, of honest kindred, ih his avn parish, to a
decent young man, called Johtt^Joyte^ who lived
near Knock Magha ; that he W(is it formed she had
\ "* coiiinaig
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78 0IALOGUB*.
ccffhaai| '«wr mvaoi ag fear eik^ Isak le D^nfmd^
Cwir^ fiaiJKiuifte kits, qu ts^g^it, a cqumairc ga
bp^sail iad, agu» a erutHgftid ^acbn/ct na tnna;
i^fus 4q i9ioti;a9^ afi fear »ii9y gurb* i an liean
oeadua sia a bi anois ag Tailg o hAoH.
Cuir au (eaaboc Aw on'H uiie ^ l^cl a la^
tfiir^ Ag ail caibidil, i^n^r tu^aii loi jc{ki$ cap
Quaiste. Bbi an tliar ^ite B^p^id aa t^'tair Aiaa^
ciofi gur pds se Taijg le mfiaoi ^ f k eile; a^^ v^
leigead se di dul leis, a ndiaig ^rBa'd Tagait gurb'
i a ^ai» i. Agii$ ^boift $iad gur cdk b^iiig a
oiir airi^^ is air Tbadg, muoa g«mr6d l^aw ^
'^ A ^oineuaieky'' ATsaaa tolatf Briao^ '^pa^^a^
aid me, go gtli^ioe 9X6 deireaid lui sg^il. Cvifl^
ati Seoigeac ciim a mioum*"
Do ihionnaig an Seoigeac gur ^6^ k fa iio^— go
Vfuair ae an cead bean aig baile Oboirt-^^-^o raib si
bNadain aige, laim ie inoc Maga^-^r in^ig m imU)
a^ 6IQ — nac raib fios aige cia leis — bi se f^m f^^
iMiMe— m '£aca ae agim'teact i — ni raUii si f^UJUin^ an*
diaig doiiHie .breit-— fuat ;ie an dara bean ^an iit
tia-rrsaojl ae gur. eug an eea4 bean— saoU 911 .^^•^
gart ^-^'eug an dara bean.
/*' Anois, a daotne ^aisle,'' arsg an tatair J^ivan/
V^salitjr afkiar mife, faoi laiib tagairt paraiste an
tSeoigigy a dearbuf^as gur. eug. a cead bei(n-^go
l^faca se f^n n^rb.i — 's go raib se ag a torrjoh —
gur f;6s scan Seo^eac, nadiaig sm, le ^caUin eile
tan ik; — » gur eug sise f 6s. o g^a, Feucaid anpis,
go rinne me mo ditcioll an Tirinne 'fagail amac."
]> leirig imreasan idif an ^eir utine ; dubairt cujd
aca '' gurb' i bean tSeoigig i, gan cunta^rt^ o
fiiaras a dearbad o sagairt Gboirt^ agu^naiom^an
Tir^ a bi latw^ ag an p6sad"
left
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diaioooka; 99
kft kim^,4n^^a$ wm living m mfe t^ anoHier
nmh k^ai DawH^rick; 4indthat »hc 9ught t^ be
sent ho9He mth him."*
A witness zeas sent mth him^ ijf the priest^ mho
Sim ihtm marpM^ to pr^e ibe identity of the wo-
mtm; and he H^ne thiU she was the same xvoman
who now lived with Tiiadtf Hughes.
The ii$h0p ordered thm aU to appear before him
at the chapter J that the case might be iwoestigatedy
All the clergy blamed Father Bryan^ because M
married Thady ,fo the wife of another man; and
would not aUofw her to go with him^ afUr hming re-
ceived evidence thai Ac wm tds wife. And it was their
opumn that both he andThady should be e^vcomnu^
nicatedj unlets Mary were sent OKHHiy.
. '^ GreMlemen;' said Father Mryan, '' do not
oondenm me until yow hear the e^ ^ the busi-
ness* Let Joyce be sworuJ"
Joyce swore that he was married twice — that he
got his first wife at Balygart — that rsfte lived with
him one year^ beside Kr^ock Magha—tliat she then
l^t him, he knew not with wham — he was at honie
himself— did not ^e her depar t *■ 't he was nat
healthy after childbirth— he got his second wife
in ihat place— thought that kisjirst wife was dead
^^his second wife died. ' ^
" N0W9 Gentlemen,"' said Father Bryan, *' here
is a letter wfMk I received^ under the hand of
Joyce's parish priest, who asserts that his first wife
died, that he himself sax» her dead — wt^ at thefu^
neral — that he married J^e aftcrwarda to another
girl in the place, and that she also was since dead.
You see now that I endeavoured to discover the
truth.'*
A contest arose between t/ie ckrgy en this; same
said, '^ that she was Joyce's w\fe mndaubtedfy^ since
the assertum of it was obtained from the priest of
Gort, and the oath of the 7nan wl^ taas present at
the marriage,''
DuBairt
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60 DIALOOUXB**^
Dubaitt dream cile, ^* nac wuB siri deftrbta ge
sewd; oir an fear tug an imoMia, go bfaea se 'g
a posad i, go raib se tiarsuileac, lag-ri^darca€;*agu^•
go mbfeidir leis a belt m^aUta."\ ^ •
** Masead," arsa fear »ca^ ^^ teige ^ise go Gon-
tiacta, fa ddn sagairt Glioirt, gobfiosikd'S^s^an
V mas J an bean ceadna^ a fy^ sfe.''
'* Ni head," arsa duine eile, ** aed teige si fa
delii an tsagairt eile ag cnoc Maga, go bfio$a se-
s^D, mas i aB bean ceadnasa a d'eug fabi na
cArani." -
Togad gaire na cutdeacta anagaid an fir sin;
ionnas go dtainic an cins a bei't na adbar* grinn
na measg. Fa dciread, anuair do connairc Tadg o^
Haod, nac raib siad air ti reidtig deatiarii, no deir-
ead CUT leis, d* iarr se cead labatrt leis an E?isb6c.
*■ A tiama easbuic,** ar sescati, " a gcreideann
tusa gur tugad an beansa air siubal, Ms na sigeo*
guib?" '
" Ni creidimse a leitid, go deimin," ar«a.an teas-:
boc. ;. - .
" O ! Maiscad' beannact De go raib agad, fen
sgeul sin; oir bcid Maire ni Ruairc agamsago
sead.'' V
'* Cionnas sin,'' arsan teasboc, "ma cru'tafgtear
gur p6sad i leis an t Seoigeac romadsa r"
** Cuma sin," arsa Tadg; ^*» dar ndoi§ na gcuir-
fea^ df iacuib uirrte, a Beit na limaoi aige, d^ k
b^is."
Do ifaaodaid an cliar uile a gcionn gaire, indiaig
coihraid Thaidg; agus dubairt cac ** gur mai't a du-
bairt se h ; agus gur b' aige bi an cuid do bYearr
san conspoid."
Ba deacair don easboc a ngiorc, sa meagair a/
cosg, no breit A tabairt; acd go dtug se coihairic
do Thadg, 's do Mbaire " a doi, leis an dis eite^
go Connacta, latair an da iagairt, no go tifuigidts
4raac fios na f irinne," • *
Others^
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DIALOGUES. . 81
Others saidj ** that was not yet certiain^for the
man who swore that he saw her married^ was squint*
eyed and dim-sightedy and that he might be mis-
taken.''
" JVellj' said some, ** let her go to Connaught to
the priest of ^G or t^ that he may know if she is the
same woman whom he married.''
^^ Not sOf" said the others^ *^ but kt her go to
the other priest^ at Knock Magha^ that he may
know if she is t^he same woman who died under his
care."
The laugh of the assembly was excited against the
latter^ so that the business produced considerable
mirth among them. At length, when Thady Hughes
saw that they were not about to decide or terminate
the affair^ he asked leave to speak to the bishop.
" My Lord Bishop" said he, *' do you believe
that this woman was carried away by the fairies ?"
" Indeed^ I believe no such thing," said the
bishop.
*^ Oh ! God bless you for saying So, for I shall
keep Mary Rourke still."
^*. How can that be" said the bishop, ** if it be
, proved that she was married to .Joyce before you ?'
" No matter for that," said Thady, " surely she
is. under ho obligation to be his wife after her
death."
The clergy all burst into laughter, after Thady' s
speech, and said unanimously, *' that he spoke well,
and that he had the best part of the cause."
fVith difficulty the bishop restrained their mirtk
and laughter ; he then advised Thady and Mary to
go, with the other two men, to Connaught, before
the two priests, that the truth might be a^cer-
tained.
2 I ^^Atriat;-'
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82 DTAtOdtTEf.
" A teiat ;'' arsa Tadg, " nU tniate a ngdll air
^ /dolleisr a tSeoig^ac; aed, mas i do toilse,
tet^e se^aa na baile, agus r^cfukinse ih'm agus
Maire^ agcionn seactmain eile, fa dein sagairt
i^nrx; Magia ; agus ma crirtaigean an Seoigeac
aim sin, gur b' i so a beaia, dar ndoig nac s^-
nan an duine uasal din an litir a cuir faoi na
laiA, gur dig w/'
» '* Toctj a duine gan ceill a dul>airt an teasboc
iax'tigid uaim, ni heistiom lib nios faide*"
La air na marac, cuir Maire a hearrad imirce
uHe air a muin ; air ti dol go Connacta ; agus
*s ^ an reilheac a rinne na coiharsnaig ealtonra,
vaia doirse beit araon fosgailte, a Seoigeac seasani
•amuig, seact gcoisceim o dorus na siAide, Tadg
beit na seasam : sa ngarda, seact geois^im on do-
rus ciuil, agus isi a rogan a leanmuint, 's a beit
aige o sin amac.
Bhi an leanab na codlad sa gcliaban; bi Maire
go direa6 triall, go ndeacaid si fa dHn a leinib,
cum sl^n fagbail aige, agus go dtug si pog do,
agus sil si dieor. D' imtig si uad anil sin, go
raib si a dtaob amuig don tairseac, go gcuala
si sgre^ud an leinib na deig ; fiUeas Maire air ais,
agus cVfkn si gan mairg, gan baaidread o sin
amac, aige Tadg o Haod, 'go bis.
i), IL Is taitneamac, greanmar an sgcul sin,
a d' iairis tu duinn^ a maigistir Mhic Gabanj acd
a cuala tu gur creid an cl^r niionna an fir
sin, go bfaca se an bean ceadna sin 'g a posad ?
Mac G. Niar creid an tatair Brian 6, go hairid;
oir, ag cur at-ceist air an oglac, d'aidmead se,
" nac bfaca se ariam i, roime an oidce p6sad i;
acd go raib se dearbta gurb' i bi arin, oir d'aid-
mead si do f^in, a reir^ ^rab i an bean ceadna i."
~ DTiafraig an tatair Brian, " a gcuala se riam,
go raib an Seoigeac suigrig le mnaoi air bit eilc,
fail iit sin?" Dubairt, ** go gcuaiaid go raib se
suigrig le cailin fa cill Tartain — nac bfaca se-
'' My
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DIALOGUES*. 83^
" My I^ordy said Thadjfy " / do mt x^ish to go
with Joyce; Hut if it please yoUy let him go home^
and I will go with Mary^ after a week^ to the priest
of Knock Magha; and if Joyce then proves, that she
is his wife^ I hoj^ that gentlieman^ wilt not de^iy
his awn letter, that she is dead.'' .
■' ' ' ' '*.>..
\^ Silence J you foolish many' said the iiishop;
^* go from me, 1 will hear youjio longer.'*]
Next day Mary took her travelling dppdtel on
her back, in order to go to Connaught ; and their
neighbours made this arrangement between them,
that both the doors of the house should be ^et open,
that Joyce should stand without, seven steps from
the street door, andThadyin the garden, seven steps
from the back-door, that she should take her choice
and abide by it thencefoi^ard.
The child was sleeping in the cradle; and as
Mary was about to depart, she xvent to the child
to take leave of it, and shed a tear. She xvent then^
until she was without the door, when she heard the
child cry after her : presently she returned, and
remained, without murmuring or uneasiness, with
Thady Hughes till her death.
G. Mr. Smyth that is a pleasant and enter-
taining story that you have told us. But did you
hear whether the clergy believed the oath oj^ the
man, that he saw the same woman married?'
S. / am convinced that Father Bryan did not
believe it ; for, in cross-e^ramining the young man,
he cojifessed, ** that he never saw her before the
flight on which she was married; but he was cer-
tain it was she, as she acknoxvltdged to him, the pre-
ceding evening, that she was the same xvoman.''
Father Bryan asked, *' if he. had ever heard that
Joyce had courted any other woman about that
place ?" He replied, '' that, he had heard that Joyce
courted a girl at Kilt ar tan — had never seen her
2 I 2 scan
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84 DIALOGUE^.
sean ariaih i, acd go raib se deiibin nacar i>6s se
isi ; — gur initig si as an ^it sin, agus go raiB
siad 'g a rail go mbfeidir go raiB si torrac, oir
nior Till air ais ariarii."'
Dubairt an tatair Brian, " gurb* i an cailin sin,
o qill Tartain, a tainic cum Ta'dg o Haod ; agus
gur cum si an sgeul sin, a folac a naire,"
Acd do 3aoil Tadg, a gcoifanuig, agus go Icor
cile, gurb' i bi p6sda iig an Seoigcac, agus go
raib si aim isna bruiginib.
himselfy
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PlikLOGUES. 85
himself^ but was certain he was not married to her
— that she had left that place, and it was said
that she was probably pregnant, for she never re-
turned again.''
Father Bryan asserted, " that this was the girl
from Kilt art an, who came to Thady Hughes; and
that she had invented that story to hide her shame''
Haweoer, Thady and many others always thought
that she had been married to Joyce, and that she was
in the foiry castles. (18.)
NOTES
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NOTES
ON THE PRECEDING DIALOGUE.
(I.) Such buildings are common in every part of Ire-
land. The ancient towers are probably of much greater
antiquity than the castles. They are of a circdar form^
of small diameter, and very considerable height. It is
etwyectored that they may bave served for Vateb towers.
From the circumstance of churches being usually built
wear them, some persons conceive that they bare been
iKed in place of belfries, since the introduction of Chris.*
ttanity into Ireland.
(2.) Tlie raths are large circular motes, upon the tops
of hills; some raised to a very great height. They are in
jcencral so situated that a correspondence, by signals, could
be expeditiously circulated from one to another, through-
out the country. They are commonly called Danish
forts, from an idea that they were stations occupied by the
Danes, during their plundering possession of Ireland,
about the eighth century. But they are probably of much
greater antiquity, even prior to the common use of stone
buildings, although they might have been used by the
Danes, as above mentioned.
It is impossible to ascertain the aera in which the caves
were constructed ; but from the" circumstance of many of
them being formed, by stones regularly projecting over
each other, instead of arches, it is evident they must be of
the remotest antiquity. Nor is it less certain that the use
of letters was known, when the caves were constructed ;
85 mimerous inscriptions, such as that hereafter mentioi.^
ed, are fouttd in them, but in characters that cannot
now be understood.
(3 ) These upright stones are placed upon hills, in some
places alone, in others there are circles of them, inclosin^^
a small plain. They probably served as places for worship
in the times of paganism; as also for juridical assemblies,
in which the Brehons presided.
INie cams are immense heaps of small stones, evidently
collected as monuments, and generally on or near tbe
spot where some considerable person died or is interred.
Even at the present day it is looked upon by the vulgar,
as an act of pious remembrance, to collect such a cam,
where any peri»on has been killed by accident.
The cromleacs are huge single stones, some of thirty
tons weight, placed in a sloping position, u|:on the points
of
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Notts* 87
ofHhree upright stones. It is almost tttconceivable by
what power such huge masses were lifted from the surface
to an elevation in some .cases of nearly four feet. They
appear to have been used as altar^ by the Druids; and^
from cams being collected around, and sver some of them,
it is probable mat som^ di^ingiiished pers9nage& faa^'e
been interred beneath them.
' (4.) This is near Annadorn, in the cotinty Down. It
was not known that there was any cromleac under this
cam, until it was accidentally discovered by a man who
was feeding cows beside it. The cromleac is broad and
long, but not so thick as some others: it appears re-
markably well adapted for the purpose of an altar. It
IS entirely surrounded by a number of upright stones,
which were also covered by the earn.
(5.) This was one of the towers mentioned, note(l.)
It stood beside the ancient abbey at that place^ but has
lately been removed, and the abbey at the saa»e time
repaired.
(6.) The superstitious veneration for old, solitary thorns,
which is very general among the vulgar, proceeds from an
idea that they are the haunts of fairies, who are' provoked
at their being destroyed, and will either maim the person
who cuts the thorns, kill his cattle, or, in some other way^
injure his substance.
(7.) The fairies are generally represented as pigmies,
and are said to be seen dancing like a number of children*
(8.) Places supposed to be frequented by the fairies are
called gentle, as are likewise sevei*al herbs, which are said
to be under their influence: and, in collecting which, a
number of superstitious rites are observed. Although the
belief in the existence of these playful sprites is still far
from being erased from the minds of the vulgar ; yet the
want of modern instances of their appearance obliges the
accounts of them to be placed in times past, when they
cannot be so easily contradicted.
(9.) Knock-na-feadalea literally means the Whistling
Hill ; and the place got tins name from reports that the
music of the fairies had been pften heard to proceed
from it.
(10.) This night, the last of October, is observed,
with many superstitious ceremonies, both in Ireland and
Scotland. It is supposed to be one on which aerial
sprites are peculiarly active.
(11.) This day being observed as a fast, and nothing
eaten from breakfast till night; it is customary to look
t«
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S8 J^OTES.
to the stSLTSy in order to see that they appear, and ntgbt
is actually conae, before sitting down to eat.
(12.) This is the manner in tfbicb the approach oC
the fairies is usually described.
(13.) The fairj^ castles were supposed to be moveable
at pleasure, invisible to human ^yes, and generally built
in ancient forths or ratbs.
( 14.) It was a general supei^itiou that a new-born child,
before baptism— or even the mother herself, might be thus
carried away.
(15.) It was vulgarly thought that the fairies take such
ivomen as Mary was, to nurse those children whom they
have carried away.
'(16.) These were all celebrated haunts of the fabled
sprites.
(17.) Thi» chief was one of the ma,ny, whom ^ the fertile
invention of poets has assigned to the fairies ; and whom
the simple credulity of the ignorant has received. Finvar
was another of these kings, whose enchanted castle was at
Knock Magha, as that of Macaneantan was at Sgraba.
(180 This story affords a specimen of the popular su«
perstitions of Ireland. Such fictions prevail, more or less,
in all countries, according to the degree of informatioo
which the common people possess. And it is much to be
regretted that they should be very prevalent in the country
parts of Ireland, owing, in a great nueasure, to the want
of more valuable knowledge. There is reason to hope,
however, that the decay of such superstitions is not far
distant, and that the*diffusion of' learning will remove
every vestige of them. In the mean time, these play*
ful inv^itions of fancy will serve to amuse the
reader ; nor will thejr appear more extravagant than the
poetic fictions of ancient times. ^
END OF THE SECOND PART.
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s.'':
AH
INTRODUCTION
TO TftB
\
IRISia LANOUAOEi
PARrr THIRD,
ATTRACTS FROM IRISH BOOKS 4ND MANUSCRIPTS,
2k
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lEISH ALPHABET.
The Iri^jh characters are the following; yiz.
FifiUBE.
21 xt
bb
C c
e e-
5 s
i. t
// ft
o
C c
Uu
^ b
The alphabet was variously arranged by
ancient authors, usually beginning with 6, 1,
and -m; but the above has been universally
adopted by the modems.
The
NAME.
SOUND.
Ai4m
a
Beit
b
Coll,ceit
k
Buir, deit
d
Eafla '
'••.e
Fearann >
/
Gort, geit
8 ha
loga
ee
Luis
I
liluin •
m
Nuin
n
Oir
Peit
V
Rnis
T
Suil
S
Teine
t
Ur.
u
tJat
h
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ABBREVIATIONS.
The following abbreviatio^s are pommonly us^
in printed boo^s: wiz^
bh, ,cb, ,db, fb, gb, mh^ p^, sb, tb, tt,
h p i> j: 5 • ifi p f t zc
^ i. X <o X i{ ^ \ .
agus, ar, air^ ao, ea, pbt, ui, nn,
Many otber contractions have been, introduced,'
in difierent books ^ but those that are inserted
biete are the most usual, and the rest may be
found in the pl^^tes of jeoatractipns^ At the end
of the book.
The follpwipg sentences will furnish an exer-
cise, in reading tlie Iri>h character.
2 K 2 Secttl}i<tjrr,
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7;^irA4C?!i>
^Stir ^
t<iet9^a,i), T ftfo$dt ^dtjd, •\ fjoc^djtt.
3. //d Cftejse-dX) c|tocdj|te t flrti)^- cuj
cediigdjt fd-o JjidSdpj jdt), dju itdfi -OQ
4^ "JtinjiiOM T)0 ge«t5d Ctt ^<t6«in» <i5«f
5. C>T|i "00 "6oj5 d trojd fie -oo -vile- 6fio)t)e-,
•J ^d fcj cdo?) jifr T30 c>i5fe- /ff jtt,
6. ?li) T)o fljjcjB vie- dt)ifirg ^oti, 7 no
"De-dud ffr -00 ttjgce- T>5|ted6.
7- ATd 6) 5tjc di) "00 ifrip i$)n: b)oi?^
ect5td :Qi^ 0|ic, T ffrd^djn, dti cote.
8. 6)df6 ^ti tid ft^jtrcfr -qot) jtHlji), "J tfd
9. Ottoffwg dn Cjgedfiftd le -cci tfidojti, t 1&
PROVERBS,
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18Iff^A*f»^
PROVERBS, Clv3j). 3.
1. My son, forget not my law; but let tWne
bmrt keep my {^ommw/Anm^-
S. For length of daya, asd loDg U&i and fi^nm
shall they add to thee.
f<
3. Let not mercy and tru.^ ff»7aak^ tlifie: hwd
them about thy neck, write them upon the tabic
4. So shalt thou find favour and good under-
ft^ndipg lA t}^ wght of 6od and vo^m.
5. Trust in the Lord with aU thine hfiMXt, wd
lean not unto thine own understanding.
6. In all tity iwys acki»Qwk^gc hi«i; ^d hp
shall direct thy patns.
"%
7. Be not wise in thine awn «ye3; for th«
^ord, and depart from evil.
8. It sJiaU be iicaltb to tby mvd, fmd nMirrow
to thy bones.
9. Honour the Lord with thy suWtancf, and
with the first fruits of all thine increase-
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- 15 EXTRACTS. .
10. |tt*W*^ tfon^vrjedn X)0 f^obol U-
le- fjo-n nutfD.
11. 21 tfijc, tid CdjtcvT^tiis fnld6cu5<i"6 <tff
C)5e<t|tti<t; T tid i>) CYfjice- t)d ^e-dncugdt).
12. Ojji dti ce 5fidT)'Vi5)af dn C^jedfttid,
ftHd^-vrgp fe- ^, dwvrt fittd^cwsjof dcdj^i
dtl tMdC JOUd WlJjJ d "Drjl.
13. )f fotid dtice- "oo 5e)b edstid^ dg«f
dtl "o-vrtie -bo gc^ c-vT^.
14. Ojft j{ 'f.eaufi d ce-dumTje-ddt: nd eedih
-vrged^c dj^tgit), d5tt{ d fo^dtt nd 6|i gtdti.
15. )f iti6tttud)5 50 ttidfi J fittjT) fitt clocd
u<j^f le ; 1 tid b'vrle tie-jce- ^ <io)bji) ledc, n)
cajititH^df ft)d jdTi.
/
16. ^Icdjtt -fdt) Idete di) d "oedfl^jtfi, *|
di) d iccjnt cl^ f d)X)b|ijof T otio)|i.
17. jf fl)5ce f6tdK d :fl)5ce-, n K -not-
cdjti d cdf dii 'Vile.
18. ){ CfidT^edcd ) -ooti "on-vTus 5t<tcdf
5|te)tM Tbj, T jif fotid gdc doti xjd b'if:o-{!co)5-r
joti ).
19. 2>o fvTSix* dn Qsedfitid dn cdldtti le
tirtjl^dcd^jlec-vrsfe-oo -Ddjiisiijx) fe nit Y^td-
■ 20. Le lid eoluf i)}t5f cedn dmdc nd l)d g-
e)ii, T fjljTi tid tieul dtl -Oftucc dtiudf *
*^ 10. So
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v
BXTRACT*.
^t
10. So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, arid
thy presses shscH burst dut witii new wine* t
„ - . * •• '"'^ . -'•'. . ■ ■ ■' < ■ *
1 11 My son, despise not the chastening ef the
Lord; neither be weary of his correction.
12. For Whom the Lord loveth l^e cotrectetlv
even as a father the son in whom he ddighteth.
i3. Happy is tlie man that findeth >vicdom ; and
the man that getteth understanding.
* f4. For the merchandize pf it ist better than thd
merchandize of silver, and the gain thereof thatar
fine gold,
164 She is more precious tba^ rubies; and all the
things' thoii canst desire,, are not to* be compared
unto her.
16. Length of days il in her right hand; and
in her left hand r'^ches and honour*
'*. ' ' . . .' ' "*'
17. Herwtiysare ways of pleasantness, and ail
her paths ^rc peace.
"f *"*,' " .•'
18. She is a tree of life to them that lay hold,
upon her; and happy is every one that retaineth
her. /
. 1^. ' 'The''LdrdJby wisdom hath founded the
earth; by ulid^r^ndihg hath lie Established the
heavens.
20. By his knowledge the depths are broken ^
.4ip, and the clouds drop dowii the dew.
^ 21. Ql
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fvt)8; coi)'wtH gtjocuf jonfl^ti <i5iif "ojf-
22. t11<tc fjn b^jtJ f f (fo Hit whe^mtii "oot
23. ?li) fjti fjiiBolYTo cu iti) T)o f tjge a»
24;. ?liiu^)^ t-vro-flof cu f<of» tij 6j<t e-ttg-
25. //^ 6f ot) e<t5l<t ojic fte btt<itfi<iii obari,
no ftf •odttfef *f» ¥jlc tftftwtjji «^c<^<i< f e. /
26. 0)|t (jut) e- <iM C)5e<t|tti<t "00 B<t|ttciit<t,
T cu)tffT3eo6up ^"^ -00 co-f dejc 5<tBc<t. .
27. ^Tit cofiildjth tfisjfc Off ffOfiiijffS t)<t|i
1 «ttftfi <t)t5i/, ^ t)o ee-tt^it iwe- -ftujt <tiM^)i4ci
ISITC.
21. Jliy
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EXTRACTS. 9
SI. My son, let not them depart from tbin^
eyes;, keep sound wisdom and discretion.
22, So shall they be life unto thy squl, and
grace to thy neck.
2S. Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and
thy foot shall not stumble.
24. When thou liest down, thou shalt hot be
afraid; yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sle^
shall be sweet.
25. Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the
desolation of t}ie wlfktd, when it cometh.
26. For the ^.ord sh^ll be thy confidi^nce, and
shall keep thy foot frgo) beJDg taken,
27. Withhold not good from them to whom it
is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do
it
28. Say not unto thy neighbour, go, and come
again, and to-niQrrQW t vvriU give thee, when thou
mst H by thee,
29. Devise not evil against thy neighbour, see*
ing he dwelletb securely by thee,
30. Strive not wikh a man without cause, if he
))4ve done thee no harm.
91 THE
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10 J?l|?«^eT9»
THE SONGS OF PEARPRA.
The following beautifiil specimens of ancient
p^^tpy Bfe seliecta4 kom a xnanivici^pt entitled :
TAe Adventures ofDeardra^ and the Death of the
Sons of Usna.
' IfifttOFians pbce these events about the irst
century of tJ^ Odmstian ^sx^ Concoviai: was at
that time monarch of Ulte, (now Ulster, or the
northern parts of lieland)- At tjip birth of Dt;ar-
dra it was predicted tl)4t she should, be the ca^u^c of
great calamities; but the king, unterrified by the
prediction, took her from the care of her father,
MacddiJ, the chibf historian of ^lla, and had her
care&illy reaiied under persotis of' his. owHiappointT
inent; intending when she should have attained
to mature years, to take her as his consort.
Unfortunately for, hist plans, however, the beau-
tiful Deardra fell in love with Naesa, ope of the sons
of Usna; atHl, with the assistance of his brothers,
Ainli and Ardan, eloped with him to Alban (Scot**
land), in the western parts and isles of which,
Naesa hj^d consi^l^rable propfirty. Ji^ft thpy lived
happily, until a me$${j0ger arriVf^l ft'om Cojxcovar,
invichig them to return; under the appearaiice of
friendship, but really with a view to their destruc-
tion. Deardra dissuaded tiie youthful. heroes fix)m
flying to their own ruin; but* their geneious. heart*
suspected no treachery, and they complied with
the invitation, v .
' With
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EifRACTS. 4JL
With great wkictance Deardra left the shoYes of
Alban; and, during the voylage, sung the follow-
ing plaintive stanzas ; in which the pteasureis that
were gone, 4s she too well fbrebedW, never to
return, and the delightful scenes that witnessed
the bliss of mujkualloTe^ are called to rwoU<Qtiop«
• 'r^
^la. ^(aitft'VTti
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12 EXTRACTS. <
)ofittiufi T>iiifi Of * ccjotiti,
^Ofittititi )ii)<fDfiO)5)oti "oe*
)f jontffuti "oiifi f 'wfctie.
Cojtt CUtltl, t1<ti1 CCOjlt CUtftf,
fit $<t)rl)T3 tjOtM no B)OT) ttMtl,
5te-<itifi Uojje, on gle-rfnti tdojje,
:ao co-ol<t)titi f<^ti wbojfijtt «i5ti;
f <t bj iMo c-vro <i ti5te-<mii t^tojge-.
?lH"o 4 ctie-<ttfi, stet it5<tf <t)ti ;
)« IDO StlJtMJf CO*Ol<tT) COjftfKtC,
Of <iti jfibjf tnotigdc medff 411.
5le<ttiii e-jcce-, on 5I41111 e^t6e,
2liiti -DO co5<if itio t^<iX> zo]B ;
6u<il4T) 5t^e-)tte 5le<ttiti fi-jcce.
Sle-dtiii <t|i6<iO)ii, 5te-4iifi rtjictiojti,
6ci be <tti 5le<fHti xi^e-at ^nom t<io)n,
TV^ii /V'rtOjfe 4ti5t€-<ititi rtn^aoj-rt.
Deal,
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£;iTRA€TS. 13
Dear to tile that eastern sliote. Dear w Alban,
lapd of delists. Never would I have forsaken
it/ had I not cqfi^ with Naesa«
Dear is DUiifay and Dunfin, and the' lofty hill
that towenr a^bore them^ Dear is Inia-drayo^ and
Dunsaivni. \ :
Coilcuan, Oh CoUcuan! Where Ainli, and where
Ardan came. Happily my days passed with
Naesa^ in the western parts of A) bail.
Glenke, Oh Glenlee ! Amidst thy shady thickets
I slept, or feasted with my love in Glenlee.
Glenmcssan, Oh Glenmessanl Rich were thy
herbs, and bright thy greens. Lulled by the fal-
ling stream we reposed, on Inverts banks in Gl^n-
messan.
Gleneich, Oh Gleneich I There my dwelling first
was fixed. The woods smile when the rising
sitn casu his rays on Gletieich.
Glenarchon, Oh Glenarchon ! Fair U the vale
below Dromcbon, Sportive as childhood were niy
hours withNaesa, in. the blooming vales ofGIen-
a|«bp|i. : )
UtfM
^,
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14 B^TTAACTS.
Itlo bpa TOO ^ai aicwi ^e-<tfi twn rmai j '
;^o6<t tjcjocf-vrtin <tjfoe- oti ojji,
Itluti* •ocjocYi'vrtiti |ie iMjonrfirti.
)
Cleniwwd;
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Crlendani^ Qh Glendarua !: Thy mbabitaats to
me were dcai;, TJie )>irds sung sweetly ou the
bending boughs, that shaded over iGrlendario.
Dear to irie is that spreading shore/ Dear
tiiose aJandy margined sti^eams. - Never would I
liibTe forsaken^ • yoa, had ] not come with my
love, . '
She
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16 tXTRACT«.
She ceased to sing. The vtB^ approached
the shore, and the fugitives returned once more
to Erin.
Still the heart of Deardia foreboded treachery.
She- advised her friends to go to X>und^gan,
the residence of the renowned Cuchullin, and place
tl)emselves under his proti»:tion. Their ill-founded
confidence, however, in the honour of Conco-
vgtr prevailed upon them to proceed tl^ Emana,
his royal seat. Various were the warnings which
De^rdra gave them of their approachipg des-
tiny: sometitTies in affectionate converse, and
frequently in plaintive songs. Nothing, haw-
ever, could avert the impending blow, and the
sons of Usna arrived, with their fair companion,
at Emana; whilst Concovar sat at the feast with
iiis chieftains.
They were received with much appearance of
Jtindness; and, upder pretence or distinction,
placed in the castle of the ^td Branch, with
guards to w^it upon them. At length the ga-
thering storm burst over their heads; a body of
foreign troops was sent to rescue Deardra xrom
the sons of Usna, and then to burn the castle
which contained them. The native troops of
Ulla, thougli bound to obey the authority o€
Concovar, would not in^hrue their Jiapda i« the
blood of the heroes.
After ineffectual attempts on the part of the
assailants, and prodigies of valour performed by
the sous of Usna, they at length effected their
escape, with Deaydra, But being still pursued,
at length they fell, overpowered by tlie nundber
of their enemies.
The distress of Deardra may be conceived,
Alone, distracted with grief, she calls to mind
every circumstance that endeared her Naesa to
her; and with a self-torinienting ingenuity, H
whicl\
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which grief is foiftije^ ; r^fl^cts; vtwn tit^pse tran-
sient iutero^ioiis, . whiqL ir^ght , nave occasioned
uneasiness in, th6 time that wiai past, aiid now
served to a^j^vate her woe.
The voice of nature breathes in the following
lines, in whilch ^he^ieflectB upon hec. jealousy of
Naesa's^.tofc. . , > • ),-; - ^///:. •;
v.'
J .
- ■■ ♦ .
r- j . : ^.
;■) .
: " '*
.2m-'-';
1 ' '■' *
« i »
:, ,V '
-»J '
i/y-
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jf cUtiti Uj{fie-<t6 "Odii c6)n «jW«,
50 cttig /^<fojf e 1P05 5<tit f jof .
:So 6itirt dtijc) ejljc bdoc,
e-dt) <itt<t, T tdos rte- <t co^f ;
L)Oii<if WO 6e-<ttiti i^n -oon cmv,
•fit cumm IjotM beo -Hd etig.
Le^anayo m\{) <tiif<t6 <t)f 'j'tfttiti,
50 in?e«t6<tT) <i)ii fttwg ii<i nittriS-
Cu5 nn Be<tti fjn "6611 cjie-ojn,
^arewel
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Farewd f(»^&l«r,'Wr'^^*iistt^'^ «Sbfti{ your
oft I sat upon t;hBL A»i,r,:^^hciifi^*fe;sD68, and
viewed tliej^aoe,;^p|ow., ..jvfiv
I
The chiefs of Alban^met at the banquet The
valiant sons of Usna were there: and Naesa gave
a secret kiss to tliis fair daughter of the chief-
tain of Dundron.
He sent her a hii^d from the hill, and a young
fawn running beside it. Returning from the
hosts of Inverness, he visited her by the way.
My heart was filled with jealousy, when I
heard the news. I took my boat and rushed
upon the sea, regardless whether I should live
or die,
AinU and Ardan, those faithful, valiant youths
swam after me, and brought me back again to
ifiuid.
Then Haesa pledged his word to me, and
swore three times ujpn his warlike arms, he
never more would give me cause of pain,
until he should descend into the grave.
The lady of Dundron likewise swore with ,a
solemn vow, that as long as Naesa lived on
earth, she never would accept the love of any
man,
2M.3 116
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jjVdj. ' ■ .M f ; J' 'r • : './ 'i'- ' '/. '■ . i
^. I :■ : »» HJ *•
h
' • . ' I
Ah
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BXTJLA.CTa. SI
Ah . did : ai^C-- hear .^ thm OTghki tiiai Nacst wa«
laid in his grayj^y::|pn^fe^ wofll^hp.-^^^ Umenta-
tion, but seven times greatei; >y^pld he /mine.
Having indulged in these j>ainful, pleasing re-
flections of her lover's waTjdferJng,' ' and 'his ^wcc-
tionate return; and* lost in^^sfympathetjc' feeling
for a rivaTs ipr*mvj the jtesaouiSjr ;tliat 11 had
excited, ^he CMicliqies witit 'thc:^altawJB^ jlmefal
^ng.
V ::r\*:-
fav^
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•fiij
i.,\f
. . •. . ' ' ' ■ ' , ' ' ' ■
CfiJ^t* ttujjc ti<t6<t|i mn)t fit uffu\Mi
21 ccvicjotM jf Of Cfiu<t)X) e :
2154 rMi7)<t c|t)Oc<t -^0 ttfiix)Bt
Cftjdt* "Otttctt "00 h) ixys U<tc<t,
C|i) ntjc 0)|f6e<t|ic<t Ujf iie<t6,
)f ru)fif e<tc <t ijejc net tie-<tf buj|).
?l f g^ tMajljge* t)e<tttcf iid)5 -oontict,
21 ^^ -f^titiecistt 5t<tii g^<t"oc|totM<t,
21 fecotiw tM<t|i ctutfi'itttf,
21 f e- nstujtie-, ngtifctt, 'n^tfa.ia.,
21 f\^<icit fljwie, f te<trtiitct,
21 fe- ft<tc<t f joMtitt «fe-d|ix)<t. /
Long,
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Long, long j^^ tdaj? tMt, vUj Hie Jons of
Usna are gon^. Xbigir^wwrsQ wji^.tw^et; but
now the heroe3|r<;aus^ yggf tear^,tp flpw^ They
were as lions on the hifts o^,|lwaM. /.
To the iiimels ol" Breatan they Wert dear. As
hawks upon th(^ meuntaiiifi, tiiey darted on the
foe. Tte 'bra>t iubi^tted (O them, and the
nobles did them hmofu
Never did thity yield in battle. Ab wo is
me that they are gone. Sons of the d^ghter
of Caifi, you were a host in the ware of Cuahia-
Beneath thi caM ofAifi tliey v^ett mtred. The
countries^toufni paid tiibnte ta theoL Bursting
as a flood m b*t»le wew tbf yoHtte of SJgatha*
Uatha watched over their youth* Tlie heroes
were valiant In fight. Renovyned sons of Usna^
I weep, for jrou nave left me to mourn-
Dark Wrown were their eye-brows; their bright
eyes sparkled underneath, and their cheeks were
as the embew of flimie. j
Their legs as the down of the swan; light
and active ^mre ikdr l\mbs ; soft 44d g^^ their
bands, and /^leir ^rms Avers Ikir aod manly^
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^ ElLTSJlCrs.
; ., J ^^
'if v.. .
5o iMitjjtiTjKii <t tix)j<i^ //<wKe^»
2ltiniuii nj d)<t ptimviti' • ■'
jif <if te-Ofi tjow i^<t"o itio de-dcd,
&u<iyb. wo te<tnti<iii tittjnif j .
.21 f jji tf x:oct<if <tti ^e^dfican,
Cu)ti ti<t cji) ct<tpitie cfiu<ipe-
Of d ccjotiti f <iti u<t)5, <t 5)oll<i.
*
6)<tt) -^dfctt gctn luce fe-<tl5<t,
Z^)<tfi Txilca cotKtjl ce<ififi<tj5.
Cttj bjattrf-Mtt T)C|tj cco^ti fjti,
3o hu<t)n Of 114 <if tMO cno)"D&,
)f <i5utii "00 6jox) <t "octtjf 5e,
21 Ijf e^cfjn If f:<i c<io) e.
King
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mcvjuuaw
King of Wfc I ieft thy ^ksm ftr fl^it My
days are few alter lifam Ifk ftcMtai hMMM arc
performed^
Thimk x^iim^ I mlil mr^m mki^ Ainli
and Arda% I doiir* aji^'J^ ¥^)0B^ ytW
Life has no charms nov for me, My days
are alrisady too many; Delight of my soul, a
shower of tears shall fall upon y^ur ^^y%
Ye m^ thai dig dteir graven prepaup it wide
and deep* I mtiU rest on the bosom of vay lov«.
My sig^ and groans will go with mtf to thf
tomb.
Often were the shidds and sjmrs their b^
Lay their strong swords by tbwr heads in wm
grave.
Their dogs, their haifks^ — who Will atten4
them now ? The hunters are no 9iore on &eir
hills ; the valiant youths of C^nmal Caimi.
My heart groans to see the coUus of their
hounds; often did I feed tbem^ but now I we^
when they draw near.
2 n ^f
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A
■I EaQcauMcn..
' ' 2)0 <hltfjfD two fKlTSxtfc' uitjt^A *
//*) tf»<i)ri)otiti mo lit^c CiiO]iivXr.
■ *Ji ,/ ,*
If ; i
^'<2;^^
'f ' " ■■ ^
,»; * .. .1 . - ,j ^
;.;'•
.K -. ..
Though
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ized by Google
EXTRACTS. ST
Hiough many times we traversed t}ie solitary
waste, I knew no solitude, until the day that
your grave was prepared.
My sight begins to fail, when I see thy gravie,
my Naesi. My life will soon depart, and the
voice of my mourners be heard no more.
As she concluded her lamentations, she sprung
int6 the grave, and, on the hfeast of Naesa,
expired, *
Thus ends one of the finest wrought tales,
founded on original history, that is to be
met with in any language. Should these
short extracts excite attention, or awaken curi-
osity, the whole will soon be published; and a
succession of similar pieces, from ancient Irish
manuscripts, will be prepared, with translations,
to come forward from the unmerited oblivion, iiji
which they are i^ow f^t mouldering to decay.
2 N ?
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I *
( ■ 1 ■
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MAJWSCftlPT COlhn&erK^. AND OOOiikL
Besides the abbitviatiqus ej^hibitbd in pdgeS^
ifiaAy cdntfactiotts ar« used in the Irish manu-
sctlpti. Various: kblte of thefli have been com-
^ed^ and d1!teni|>t^ n^e to reduce them t6 ge*
BerkI principles ; but in a basitess so veiy arbi-
trary and fanciful as that of abbreyiatinj^ it
may be wM^ coucmedi that no qrBtemattc ar-
rangeiii€n|^ ho|e^^ i^^jjsiitous^ ci^ w completely
satisfactoiy. . ^
The foJiowW table^ origi«alIy puUisbcd by
the leartied 'ueneral Vairanccy, contain by far
the best and most useful list of contractions libAt
has yet appm;ed.
It is necesHtetry to, ol^serve. hov?tver, tluit cer-
tain contractions made according to general ^rule^
have not bcdlh Ittiserted iu the tables, vk.
When d vxwel is placed over a consonant, it car-
ries the force of it, aiatf it^ cm^ pg)yer, either befbrc
Of afl«i die li; as»
it e ) ^
t c c c c
Cfiit trf e zfij Cfio C|ii^.
Or,, cdft efrft z^ zQfk cufi*
If ben thp small ? is set over a consojMmt^ it has
iht force of «-<i|<; if « be douWed, the t» must be
, 4onhk4 skoi as^'
t ^
At
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30 COKTTKACTIOKS, &C-
At the end of the table are inserted various
characters, termed ce-<ttlfl '^xi eyoS-^ the head of
the ridgt, or, eOfi f^ ^<tf dtl, the reapev^^ path.
The use of these is as follows. When a sentence
ends in or near the middle of one line, the next
begiiis the next line; and when this
impleted,, .th^ vacant space. of the h'ne
illed.up, distinguishing the foriper period
f these, rii^rl^s. This, is tiie mannet in
the ^ancle^t manii^qripts are ,\vri^^
Oj^ ){ on *oofiiif t)t)$ce<i^ cjotifcajfic \\'\
Read, •/ . j t U ' .. r ■• :• \ :■'■''
•;<(jfc6f. . ■•; ';/'■• • /',.'• / .. : ;' '; ,
^ Ojft i{ on vofin^ pt^^t^iXfi cjonfCitj^c ;
«5 qoiifcdjnc ttijjrttiuitjii. ; , • ,;t r
/Fe Tww^/ begin Jirst with the month ofj€fntki)y.
For every work ought to commence with t^ en-
trance^ as the year begins wlfh the month of Ja-
nuary. ' . ' -* .
The Ogham is last in the tabl^. 1^\\\% 'Wjis an
occult manner of writing, much used in monu-
mental inscriptions, hilt alto cftipidyed '?n > rdi-«*
gious writings. Of the innumerable, kinds. , of
Oghams that have been used,; that which is inr
serted here is the* most usiial It will appeal
upon inspection, that the letters are formed by
the position of a certain number of strokes drawn
alx)ve, across, or below one horizontal line; thus,
one stroke below the line rjcpresents A, three ^
above it, /, one obliquely across, m, &c.
FINIS,
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